A YEAR PRICE, GENTS $3.00 MUNN G&G COMPANY, Publishers 25 Charles Dana Gibson HAS returned to America to draw more of his inimitable pictures of people. He will also paint in oil colors subjects as typically American as his well-known pen-and-ink drawings. HALL CLOCKS The most useful and ornamental article you can have in your home isa fine Hatt Cock. We make many styles and kinds, with or without chimes. The ‘“‘Banjo,” which is so popular for din- ing-room and library, is a most satisfactory clock. We also make a full line of Marble Clocks and Regulators. q With renewed enthusiasm, and with new powers after three years of study among the masters in Spain, Italy, Holland, France, Germany, and England, Mr. Gibson takes up his work, which will prove even more interesting to lovers of pictures than it was before. His paintings will be faithfully reproduced in full color, and his drawings in black and white, appearing exclusively in one publication— Collier’s The National Weekly If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for new illustrated catalogue. * PST on ee oe aa per we ee Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. Pe oe Oe ae The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a Sample Copy — Free. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO a A iSO 7 a, oMiin ON Aj, January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Sample and fo A House Lined with Circular ” $ Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness, The Enos Company MAKERS OF LIGHTING FIXTURES 5 West 39th Street, New York City Baltimore, 519 N. Charles Street San Francisco, 1748 California Street Toronto, 94 King Street, West Pittsburg. G. P. Norton, Penn at 4th St. Spokane. Washington, Cutter & Plummer Seattle. Washington, Cox & Gleason Company. 1914 Second Avenue Chicago. W. K. Cowan & Co.. 203 Michigan Blvd. St. Louis. Mo., N. O- Nelson Mfg- Co. NEW ENGLAND REPRESENTATIVES Bicetow, KenNARD & Co., Boston Correspondence Solicited. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. VERTIOAL SECTION. TRAOL/ \ “een, Sliding Doors That Never Bind Ire f Kitchen Showing If you are going to build a house, or remodel Tnterlocki your present one, put in sliding doors wherever Tae you conveniently can. Instead of jamming or Rubber sticking in the ways, they will slide easily and Tiling in freely when hung on the Residence of Hs. Wedd ALLITH Horton, Middleton, **Reliable’’ Parlor Door Hangers N. Y. These prevent the sliding doors from jamming, make the slide noiseless and are not affected by the sagging or warping of walls, floors or doors. They cannot jump the track or get out of order, and they can be adjusted without removing strips or stops. They are absolutely Noiseless, Never Bind, Stick or Jump the Track or get out of order. Every Allith Hanger is guaranteed to give complete satisfaction. They are exceedingly popular with architects and house-builders. Every Allith Hanger is guar- anteed to give satisfaction. Send us your name and address with the name of your architect, for our latest complete catalogue with prices, etc. Allith Manufacturing Company 2115 West Taylor Street Chicago, Illinois INTERLOCKING RUBBER, TILING An Ideal Floor Covering for Court Houses, Banking Institutions, Churches, Hospitals, Libraries, Business Offices, Restaurants, Vestibules, Elevators, Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries, Bath- rooms, Steamships and Floating Pro- perty generally. “DEFIANCE” Wood-Working Machinery For Pattern Shops and General Wood-Work Invented @ Built by THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO DUNVANVEHOQONUAGUAGTOGAAOGAGAOUAANGOUNGONGOGOA NGA GOGOOOOAOAONG AANA OATAGAO NATO NUMA TOATA TOGA TA NAAT We are the original manufacturers of Interlocking Rubber Tiling NEW YORK BELTING © PACKING CO., Ltd. 91-93 Chambers Street, NEW YORK CITY CHICAGO, ILL.: 150 Lake Street BOSTON : 232 Summer Street ST. LOUIS, MO.: 218-220 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD.: 114 W. Baltimore Street PHILADELPHIA. PA.: 118-120 N. Eighth Street BUFFALO, N. Y.:600 Prudential Building SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.: E. 11th St. @ 3d Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.: 913-915 Liberty Avenue Oakland SPOKANE, WASH.: 163 S. Lincoln Street ST ST 24-Inch Single Surface Planer BURLINGTO Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. AMERICAN HOMES AND VCARDENS January, 1909 Venetian and Sliding BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Q Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont IF YOU WIS TO SUBSCRIBE to only One Magazine, careful investigation will show you that the METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE should be that one; so thoroughly American is it, so vital and so varied. If, however, you require several, we, as agents, are able to secure for you, as one of our patrons, what you wish, fully low rates. 66 A Reg. Price CLASS A Pee Year American Magazine.............ccs0008 $1.00 Children’s Magazine.........,.......... 1.00 Cosmopolitan Magazine............... 1.00 Garden Magazine....................0.68 1.00 Good Flealth®i3..5.. sock ohc2s denice cees 1.00 Uncle Remus’s Home Magazine... 1.00 National Food Magazine.............. 1.00 *Woman’s Home Companion........ 1.25 cp» Reg. Pric CLASS “B ee. Price Army and Navy Life.................... $1.50 House and Garden..............0056.., 3.00 Independent............ccecceseeesoeeeeeees 2.00 Outing eteterssceccccsstar- sess sa.e es. 3.00 Short Stories ..............seseeessereeeeee 1.50 CLASS “IV” Betis Pacific Monthlly...................0c0e000. $1.50 Photo-Eray.iicievecacsssccisseiansvesiceaset 1.50 TEA | caer Sat bcoosoceoanAHe coceEn ener EreD 1.50 Technical World....................0005 1.50 World To-day..............ccccececeseee ss 1.56 THE METROPOLITAN with | together with the METROPOLITAN, at wonder- We venture to call to your attention a few of these combinations, The METROPOLITAN and any one magazine in Class “A” for............... The METROPOLITAN and any two magazines in Class “A” for............... The METROPOLITAN and any three magazines in Class “A” for............... $1.65 $2.30 $2.95 The METROPOLITAN and any one magazine in Class “A” and any one in (Class “SB? iforaincctascn oaecensecceaene 3.00 The METROPOLITAN and one Class 2 65 “A” and one Class “IV” for........... e The METROPOLITAN and any one in Class (SB e forint ito nccincen tease ss acon $2.35 The METROPOLITAN and any two in Glass SSB? iforiccts cessor hans ciaree eee $3. 70 The METROPOLITAN and any one in Class SIV! for ic..ccscccuecesseceeae ee ssiceeoe $2.00 American’ Education icc.:cncessssec scenes asctet snes dee mietesueaenanerences aes $2.00 The Housekeeper and the Reliable Poultry Journal............ 1.70 ( Lippincott’s Magazines. c.accc5 cscs seas desgnane necsonesestaeetteaietico ee etee 2.75 SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WOMAN'S HOME COMPANION, McCLURE’S, $2.50 Ainy of the Publications in this list may be added at the price quoted. THE METROPOLITAN | $2.50 CENTURY eiisa-fececuiesnececenscuise secsicecsiesins nasericaansereret $3.85 HARPER’S, MONTY). caicnec SDA >” al as PO Ceara 70a x eS) aw — Pittsburgh: 949 Penn Ave. > Artistic antels {] Our Catalogues con- tain 130 designs, includ- ing Mission, Colonial, White, Mahogany and Oak. Everything, from the very cheapest to the best. q Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. @ Catalogue and Special Designs sent on receipt of 25c. in postage. The Geo. W. Clark Co. Unity Building Clark Building Chicago, III. Jacksonville, Fla. Factory, Knoxville, Tenn. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 Sa ES _———- FF + oon et re ex Sisson sa OA Ss Soe ZI Rugs y are different from all other 1g as you can have the color scheme made to harmonize with your require- ments. Wool or camel’s hair weft, heavy and durable. If your dealer does not seil them, write for color card and price list to Arnold, Constable & Co., Distributing Agents, New York The Thread & Thrum Workshop, Auburn, N. Y. Substantial Refinement Is reflected from every room where Morgan Doors are used. Their dignified designs harmonize with interior wood-work, decoration, and furnishings and their solid, honest con- struction gives the interior a sense of balance and permanence besides increasing the real value of the property. Morgan Doors are the most perfect doors manufactured. They are made of several layers with the grain running crosswise making shrinking, warping, or swelling impossible. They are veneered in all varieties of hard-wood, birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, and brown ash, mahogany, etc., and the delicate grain and coloring of each particular wood is brought out to the highest degree. Morgan Doors are correctly designed by experts in all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and each Morgan Door is stamped with the name ‘‘Morgan”’ as a guarantee of quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Write today for our handsome illustrated book ‘‘ The Door Beautiful’ which shows you more of the detailed beauty of Morgan Doors and why they are the only doors you should use in your building. Army Auction Bargains Tents - $1.90 up Old Pistols - - $.50 up Officers’ Swords, new 1.75 ‘* Cavalry Sabres $1.50 UNIFORMS | 1.25 ie Ss - 1.25 “ ~— Shoe ARMY SADDLES 3,00 “ “Bridles - 1.00 “ “ Leggins.pr._.15 “| 7 Shot caries Ey BY U.S. SPRINGFIELD B-L B ¥ With Blank or Ball Cartridge, 35 hate ae ot 20. 1907 MILITARY CATALOGUE, 260 large pages, thousands of benutiful illustrations—with 1908 supple- ment, wholesale and retail prices. Mailed for 15 cents (stamps). 15 ACRES GOVT. AUCTION GOODS FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, NEW YORK St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md. F. Weber & Co. 1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Morgan Company, Dept. A., Oshkosh, Wisconsin Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies Distributed by Morgan Sash & Door Co., Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Md * exes u == ““FABRIANO" Handa- Made Drawin Pape Superior to any other hand-made eos ee F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes and Materials ( CEILINGS For Effectively Decorating All Kinds of Rooms fo es q sii sh ellei. he iced val ste ie eel ails elit Meee of YOU CAN GET THEM IN CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal - roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA Appropriate Rete for Rien Bete Rooms Auditoriums, Etc. @ Largest and most complete line of artistic STEEL Ceilings in existence. Covers the field so completely you can get just what is required, whether bold or elaborate designs or some- thing comparatively simple. q Before buying a Steel Ceiling of any description, get full details of Berger’s ‘“ Classik.” ASK FOR CATALOG D-64 The Berger Mfg. Co., Canton, Ohio Ney,Yer* ,,, Philadelphia Boston Chicago Minneapolis San Francisco Atlanta BRISTOL’S RECORDING THERMOMETERS make continuous records of atmos- pheric temperatures, and are designed for both indoor and outdoor tempera- tures, Send for new catalogues. aRE te COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. Branches CHICAGO PAciFIc MILLS Seaton /MAss. “*You do the designing—qwe’ll make the rug.’? Thread & Thrum January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS de Brissac. An article on “Persian Gardens” is most noteworthy. It is surprising to see views of fountains and pools of water in the gar- dens of the wealthy in this arid country. America is by no means neglected. Among the notable articles appear “Colonial Homes of Natchez” and “The Gardens and Grounds of Mt. Vernon.” SoclETY IN THE Country House. By T. H. S. Escott. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co. Pp. 512. Price, $4.00 net. A book on country houses that contains but a single illustration, and that not of a house at all, is somewhat of a novelty in these days of picture book making. But while Mr. Escott’s fascinating volume would have taken on an added interest with pictures of at least some of the more notable houses touched on, it loses nothing in interest in its present shape. It is not, of course, a book on houses, but, as its title sufficiently states, a book on the social life that centers in them. Very interesting indeed are the sketches he draws of this life, both old and present, and momentous are the figures that move across his pages. His book abounds with anecdotes, and is not only agreeable to read, but profit- able as well. America has not yet reached a point at which such a book could be produced concern- ing our own country life. That is much too new, and, in a sense, much too inconsequential, for the country life to have national social prestige. This it has long since had in Eng- land, and it is this aspect of the subject that Mr. Escott is concerned with. ‘The story is an interesting one, and begins as far back as the fourteenth century. The author briefly sketches the conditions under which the country house system. became possible. He then passes to the most typical and inter- esting instances of its complete organization in Tudor times, showing how it then dis- charged many of the functions fulfilled to- day by the newspaper, the circulating library, or by more exclusive methods of information, and how, at the same time, it began to oc- cupy a recognized place in the organization of party politics. “Then he shows how, from the seventeenth century down to the present hour, in all the great movements of English life, the opportunities of the country house have proved the necessary and eventful sup- plements to the agencies of parliament and platform. No attempt is made to treat the subject chronologically, except in a very gen- eral way, and it is an interesting fact that the author himself has visited almost all the houses he describes or refers to. It must be obvious, therefore, as is quite well known, that the English country house is a national institution of which we have no counterpart in America. Its life is, there- fore, not only peculiarly British, but pecu- liarly national. A book dealing with so broad a subject could not fail to have great inter- est, and Mr. Escott’s skill as a writer, the many famous men and women with whom he has come personally in contact, and his vast fund of reminiscence have combined to ren- der this book one of exceptional interest and value. The book is not well paragraphed, and a few of the references to persons and events may not always be clear to the Ameri- can reader, but it is a pleasant book to read, and a valuable one to possess. .—4 Cattle Manure Wat) in Bags Puverizea Best and safest manure for florists and greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, no danger. Write for circular and prices. The Pulverized Manure Co. 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Hitcn | = : : TO ARCHITECTS: Se! | A Merry Christmas and oe Ny] Al Happy New Year We take advantage of this season of good will to seek your closer friendship. Our mission is to solve the roofing prob- lems with which you are confronted, and it is from you that we can best learn these needs. On the other hand we can help you. Our long experience and special knowledge of the metal roofing business is yours to command. Estimates, Specifications, Special Designs, anything to help good business along. Perhaps you are not fully informed as to the strong points of CORTRIGHT METAL SHINGLES—Our 56-page illustrated book, “Rightly Roofed Buildings,” is yours for the asking. Drop us a card, we'll do the rest. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO a HE extra-large lavatory, with ample space for toilet articles and thorough comfort in washing, is characteristic of Mott’s leader- ship in design. The Marsden (illustrated) is one of several models made in Mott’s Imperial solid Porcelain—a porcelain of the most durable quality. When planning bathroom equipment, send for our booklet, “MODERN PLUMBING” which shows the most advanced types of fixtures in Imperial and Vitreous Porce- lain and Porcelain Enameled Iron-ware. 4 illustrations of model interiors suggest equipments ranging in cost from $85 to $3000. Full description and price of each fixture is given, with general information regarding decoration and tiling. **Modern Plumbing’’ will be sent on receipt of 4 cents to cover postage. tte MOTT TRON WORKS 1828 : BIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 3 1908 FIFTH AVENUE AND lirn STREET, NEW YORK CITY BRANCHES Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Denver, Detroit, Washington, Montreal, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Francisco and San Antonio. Vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 Paint Without Oil Remarkable Discovery That Cuts Down the Cost of Paint Seventy- Five Per Cent. 4 A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every- one Who Writes. A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of making a new kind of paint without the use of oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes ip the form of a dry powder and all that is required is cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and looks like o{l paint and costs about one-fourth as much, Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf’r., 16 North St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free trial package, also color card and full informa- tion showing you how you can save a good many dollars. Write to-day. Build Your Own Incubators andBrooders E and save half the purchase price. Any one plans: I furnish the me- can do it with my chanical parts, Lamps, Regulators, etc., at low prices. My New Burner, Tandem Thermostat, and Special Heater, will save half the oil, half the time, and cost of operation. Fit any Incubator or Brooder. More than 25,000 have built their own Incubators and Brood- ers with my plans and fixtures. Not a single failure. My New LAMPLESS BROODER costs you only $4. 1 will send you my complete plans and catalog, prepaid, for only 25 cents to cover cost. Worth Dollars to you ,» 464 HAMPSHIRE STREET, QUINCY, ILL $2 Take off yourHat in. 2 AE NZ. 2 VERS ip it and Prices to 4 > oo MIF.E. Myers & Bro... 08 A ® Ashland, Ohlo NW HAY “iivorns TOOLS tines f A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York | : Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded $4.00 EAzes FAREED. co with ore. wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during § ee aban vine 1 winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water ‘ The Pulver!zed Manure Co. 21 Jnion Stock Yards, Chicago, j stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company ‘CLINTON, MASS. mo Belgian FIREPROOFING DEPARTMENT : ROSSLYN SUPPLY 00,, COLORADO BUILDING Cellings ALBERT OLIVER Reou Fe winund-WiNis Line's StMEuT sou END 18TH ST. BRIDGE ae H a lr c S 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK | SE Rls, oto ALASKA SUILOING ne one Rufus Red, Registered, and Pedigreed Stock For Sale. Send three 2-cent stamps Lane’s Trolley Parlor Door Hangers and Track HE particularly distinguishing features of the Lane Trolley Door Hanger equipment are the excellence of the ball bearing and the lateral as well as vertical adjustment of the track. for Illustrated Catalogue. Pleasant Ridge Rabbitry Cor. Dudley St. & Hampton Ave. Station B LONG BRANCH, N. J. Lane Trolley Hangers are made in both the rigid and adjustable pendant styles and with both single and double trucks. All are fitted with machined and hardened ball bearings as shown and in all the various details the quality of Lane products is maintained, thus virtually placing them in a class by themselves. American € Homes and Gardeae 4 Scientific ™ American To one per year address Regularly $6 Send for Complete Catalog. SECTION BALL BEARING IN LANE TROLLEY HANGERS LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, (7: 2:2: Hez#:r) 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Ney Sea Sexe eo =~ 4> Th Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year COMMENTS FOR JANUARY, 1909 PAGE “CHESTERWOOD,” THE CounTRY Home or DaNiEL CHESTER FreNcH, N.A.: THE STUDIO ENTRANCE MONTHLY COMMENT Homes or AMERICAN ArTISTs—‘‘Chesterwood,” the Country Home of Daniel Chester French, N.A., Glendale, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree A Curious CoLLecTion oF BOTTLES By Ada Walker Camehl WILD ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY By Esther Low THE SUMMER Home or THEODORE Conrow, Esa., WATER MILL, Lone IsLanp. . By Charles Chauncey Wuat CoLoniaAL ARCHITECTURE REALLY Is By C. Howard Walker THe Mimicry oF PLANTs By S. Leonard Bastin THE RESIDENCE OF ATHERTON Ciark, Esa., NEwron, MAssACHUSETTS By Paul Thurston COLORED WINDOWS IN THE House A SPECIMEN OF MAMILLARIA RHODANTHA THE DINING-ROOM By John A. Gade By Ida D. Bennett By Craig S. Thoms By Smith Anthony CORRESPONDENCE: PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg GARDEN Work AsBouT THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay New Books. Estimating What Your House Will Cost. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York (Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. io entrance the stud ZA fel S) i=] (>) 7 Ly, _ oO _ wn oO << O 7g [=] o a et ° o 8 ° s i=] 5 ° S) o fe| — me} ° ° = oO — wn oO ae) O AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VI January, | 909 The terrace doorway at “ Chesterwood”’ 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 Monthly Comment HE artist brings to the adornment and equip- gS LZ ment of the house a special feeling for aN R@pid) artistic fitness and a personal note of com- fort and achievement that places the houses designed and furnished under such auspices in a class of their own, wholly apart from the upholsterer’s or machine-designed house with which many people are not only forced to be content but in which they actually delight. This is one of the strange things in household furnishing, that so few know how to do it properly, and so many are satisfied with the most unsatis- fying objects. A richly furnished room is, for example, very highly thought of in many quarters. This means, in most cases, a gathering together of a most elaborate collec- tion of furniture. ‘Tables, chairs, cabinets and ornaments of the most wonderful architecture and most sumptuous style are arranged in spaces that, as likely as not, are scarce - big enough for a single one. The room is thronged with costly objects, objects costly, for the most part, from the material of which they are composed, and from their size, or, perchance, their acknowledged rarity; pictures whose art qualities are apt to be measured by the splendor of their gilded frames are hung on walls of expensive silk; wherever display can be introduced it is brought in to be looked at or to be in the way. Everything, in short, that can be put into a room is placed within it; and the elect, and may be some outsiders, are forthwith invited to come in and enjoy the spectacle. Tuis, of course, is gaudiness and nothing else. “The most richly furnished room in the world contains no furniture whatever; but its walls were frescoed by the immortal genius of Raphael. For four centuries the genius of that wonder- ful artist has been worshiped in the Stanza della Segnatura, which, after all, is but a room, perfectly adapted to room utilization, but glorified beyond compare with the master- pieces painted on its walls. And in the grand old days of the Renaissance there were many such splendidly and richly furnished rooms that were rich and splendid because the rooms themselves were so, and not because they were crowded with costly pieces of furniture more wonderful to look upon than available for use. Such rooms are no longer built and decorated now, and are, indeed, quite outside the possibili- ties of the American house, ordinary or extraordinary. But it is an advantage to refer to such apartments as quite de- stroying the modern upholsterer’s claims to pre-eminence in household decoration. THE plain fact is that most modern houses are essentially shoppy. And they are necessarily so. Very few people can give to the problem of household decoration and furnishing the time and thought it requires, or even so much as possess the knowledge requisite to success in such matters. Depend- ence is, therefore, placed on the shops. Mighty attractive many of these places are, and fascinating and beautiful are much of their contents. We can not get along without them, for where else would we buy anything? This question re- veals the whole secret of the inability of the modern com- mercial house to solve the problem of household decoration in an artistic way. They are commercial. They exist for the purpose of selling goods. They are maintained that their owners and proprietors may reap profits for themselves. The shop that sells the most goods is the most successful. In other words, the monetary returns constitute the criterion of success. Now the artist, when he undertakes a problem, is actuated by quite different motifs. He must, it is true, be paid for his work, and it is most right and proper that he should be paid, and liberally too. But his initial idea is to create some- thing. Art is not manufactured, but created, and the artist both knows and feels that his own share in this creation is a personal and important one: he knows that success in one piece of work will bring him opportunities for other work; and he realizes, as the commercial man can never do, that his personal reputation for excellence or superiority or artistic supremacy—call it what you will—is his most precious and valuable asset. THE artistic ideal is, therefore, directly opposed to the commercial ideal. The commercial man does the best he can, but his measure of success is the volume of his sales. Ask any merchant and he will immediately proceed to measure the results of his last year by this very available thermometer. If he sells beautiful things, and thus helps to distribute beauty throughout his world, it is because he finds it profitable to do so. The artist has other things to think about and other ideals by which the standard of his success is measured. His one object in life is to create works of art; and these, not mere passing fancies of the moment, but creations of per- manent merit by which he will be known and respected and on which his fame will rest. His is a personal work, too, endowed with his personality, alive with individuality, per- meated with thought and the result of an honest endeavor to attain the highest possible standard. WHEN a mind so attuned to lofty thought applies itself to the practical problems of household decorations the re- sults are immeasurably superior to the machine work turned out by the mill-shops and commercial emporiums. How can it be otherwise when one seeks results, and the other sales? So the artist need bring only his own genius to his problem, be it as simple or as complicated as it may, and the solution will, in every case, be beautiful. This is not only the true secret of household decoration, but the only one. ‘lhere is no mystery about it, save personality. ‘There is no need for display, only for taste. There is no need for costly furniture nor to bring in high-priced decorative ad- juncts; all that is required is a sense of the beautiful and the work is done. THE artist’s home is not necessarily rich and elaborate; as a matter of fact it is oftenest quite the reverse; but it can be depended upon to be charming and interesting, a personal home, rich in artistic association, harmoniously arranged, and speaking aloud in every part of the individual art of the designer who has created it. ‘The artist knows when a chair is good in itself and when it is available for a certain place. He knows color and form; he is familiar with combinations and arrangements; he has taste and discretion. All these things go to make a beautiful home, and are qualities and properties that can not be purchased by the yard nor bought by the pound. Hence the great and delightful interest of the artist’s home. It need not be rich nor costly, it may not be large nor elaborate; but it may be notable in the truest sense of the word, since no effort has been made to impress by luxurious fittings nor by elaborate furnishings. It repre- sents art, in the true sense, as applied to household problems. This,is something that is not only rarely seen, but whose true value is little known. A glimpse or two into an artist’s home will demonstrate this quality. Homes of American Artsts By Barr Ferree ““Chesterwood,” the Country Home of Daniel Chester French, N. A. Glendale, Massachusetts = BROWNSTONE column, old and some- plunges beneath a lofty flat archway embedded in a luxuriant what weather-beaten, stands on a knoll to mass of wild grapevine; beyond it is thickly grown: hem- the right as one approaches ‘‘Chesterwood”’ locks to the right, apple trees, lilac bushes and other shrubs from Stockbridge. It marks the entrance to the left. There is immense utility in this branch road, to Mr. French’s very beautiful estate, a which presently reappears further on, and again joins the tract comprising about a hundred and main road, for it is the service entrance; yet it is so com- twenty-five acres, and which lies on both pletely hidden and so densely grown that the keenest eye sides of the main highway that skirts the lawn below the can not penetrate to what is within, and can only guess to house. It is a charming place of woodland and open fields, what it leads, all of which helps to give it value. Meanwhile the main road moves on to the house, which is located upon its left; a second branch leads to the barn and stables far up on the right; on one side is a great clump of lofty sumacs, on the other a low border of locust, be- hind which is the farm and vegetable garden. And so with these, and many other plantings of beautiful shrubbery, the drive reaches the house, and one dismounts at the entrance porch. It is a modest and simple dwelling: stuc- coed, light granite gray in color, gray woodwork, sage green door and blinds, and brown shingled roof. Designed by Mr. Henry Bacon, architect, of New York, it is delightfully adapted to its Lawn and woods beyond the studio of valleys and hills, even of moun- tain sides; and situated as it is, in the heart of the Berkshire Hills, it not only commands magnificent views from every viewpoint, but is itself a delightful part of the whole beautiful vicinity. The knoll opposite the brown col- umn needs no monumental emphasis, for a group of apple trees grows right at the opening. The entrance drive- way opens here, and is grassed on either side. On the right is a border of young hemlocks; on the left are apple and pear trees, variously spaced. A short distance within a branch road Decorative sculptures of the studio porch The terrace front overlooks the lawn, with a marvelous view beyond situation, a house that belongs here. It is very well studied, but with that supreme care that gives no hint of it. Now that it has been built one realizes that any other sort of a house than this would have been impossible in this situation, and, one may also believe, quite impossible of occupancy by the distinguished artist whose loving care and fine apprecia- tion of the beautiful has embowered the house with grounds and plantings of unusual interest and beauty. Notwithstanding the importance of the house in any coun- try region, it is but the simple truth to say that one lives in the Berkshires for the outdcor beauty and not for the ele- gance and costliness of the houses. Mr. French has de- veloped this idea with singular beauty and complete success. There is no vast estate decoration, no formal gardening in an architectural sense, but, what is very much more delight- ful, a multitude of interesting spots and unexpected beauty, The hall, with its fine old furniture and tapestry paper AMERICAN HOM some of them related to each other in a connecting sense, some seemingly sporadic, yet all distinguished by an har- monious feeling for beauty that is at once distinctive and penetrating. In short, the mind of the artist, his creative sense, his feeling tor beauty, his love for nature are abun- dantly apparent at every point. This is the supreme quality of this beautiful estate, a quality as rare as it is fine; for one realizes, as one wanders through these grounds, that here is something beyond the unusual, and actually in the realm of the artistic. Beyond the house is the studio. ‘This is a rectangular building with lofty windows and high, shingled, skylighted roof, carrying a central louver. On the north a lower part serves as a reception-room. Here, in the center, is a door- way, with a high glazed semi-circular tympanum rising above the cornice. As in the main house the walls are plain; on f habis’ ; a i itis I > ee. sau wee LenS er a 4a r i The bri The dining-room has blue w st room AND GARDENS each side of the door is a green trellis that supports clematis; beyond, at the ends, is Virginia creeper. On the step are two grotesque marble dolphins, and at the base are two small red terra-cotta jars, each containing a mimic Scotch pine. A great gray-pebbled circle lies before the door; in the center is a marble block supporting a large yellow-brown pottery jar. The further border of the circle is arranged as an exedra, with a semi-circular seat of concrete with marble ends. In the center are marble steps to a higher pathway; here and at the ends are red pots containing small bushes of pyramid box. Above the steps is a grassed path that pres- ently loses itself in the distant woods. At the beginning it is bordered with peonies, high-growing lilies and tree hydrangeas, which are continued to two stands of clematis and a couple of poplar trees. Then comes an apple orchard, and here the path border consists of large ferns; further off and rare Colonial furniture A modest simple dwelling: stuccoed, light granite gray in color these give way to mountain laurel, and finally, when the path has penetrated the dense wood, the border is low hem- locks. On the left, at the beginning of the path, is the tennis court, so overshadowed by the woods as to be completely without sun in the afternoon. One enters the enchanted space in which all this simple beauty lies through a picket gate in a brick wall, drab painted and overgrown with Virginia creeper. Just without are two shaped hemlocks. On the right is a low stone wall, capped with white marble, above which is a hedge of clipped lilacs. Inside a brilliant ower border of hardy phlox, golden glow, larkspur, poppies, lilies and other gay flowering plants runs to the exhedra and beyond it. ‘The forespace there is arranged with great simplicity but in quite a formal way. On the left is a square of lawn; sunk in it, near the studio, is a small square lily pond with white marble border. The lawn The drawing-room mantel is red Numidian marble The terrace front overlooks the lawn, with a maryelous view beyond situation, a house that belongs here. It is very well studied, but with that supreme care that gives no hint of it. Now that it has been built one realizes that any other sort of a house than this would haye been impossible in this situation, and, one may also believe, quite impossible of occupancy by the distinguished artist whose loving care and fine apprecia- tion of the beautiful has embowered the house with grounds and plantings of unusual interest and beauty. Notwithstanding the importance of the house in any coun- try region, it is but the simple truth to say that one lives in the Berkshires for the outdoor beauty and not for the ele- gance and costliness of the houses. Mr. French has de- veloped this idea with singular beauty and complete success. There is no vast estate decoration, no formal gardening in an architectural sense, but, what is very much more delight- ful, a multitude of interesting spots and unexpected beauty, The hall, with its fine old furniture and tapestry paper AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS some of them related to each other in a connecting sense, some seemingly sporadic, yet all distinguished by an har- monious feeling for beauty that is at once distinctive and penetrating. In short, the mind of the artist, his creative sense, his feeling for beauty, his love for nature are abun- dantly apparent at every point. This is the supreme quality of this beautiful estate, a quality as rare as it is fine; for one realizes, as one wanders through these grounds, that here is something beyond the unusual, and actually in the realm of the artistic. Beyond the house is the studio. ‘This is a rectangular building with lofty windows and high, shingled, skylighted roof, carrying a central louver. On the north a lower part serves as a reception-room. Here, in the center, is a door- way, with a high glazed semi-circular tympanum rising aboye the cornice. As in the main house the walls are plain; on The breakfast room cach side of the door is a green trellis that supports clematis; beyond, at the ends, is Virginia creeper. On the step are two grotesque marble dolphins, and at the base are two small red terra-cotta jars, each containing a mimic Scotch pine. A great gray-pebbled circle lies before the door; in the center is a marble block supporting a large yellow-brown pottery jar. The further border of the circle is arranged as an exedra, with a semi-circular seat of concrete with marble ends. In the center are marble steps to a higher pathway; here and at the ends are red pots containing small bushes of pyramid box. Above the steps is a grassed path that pres- ently loses itself in the distant woods. At the beginning it is bordered with peonies, high-growing lilies and tree hydrangeas, which are continued to two stands of clematis and a couple of poplar trees. Then comes an apple orchard, and here the path border consists of large ferns; further off The dining-room has blue walls and rare Colonial furniture A modest simple dwelling: stuccoed, light granite gray in color these give way to mountain laurel, and finally, when the path has penetrated the dense wood, the border is low hem- locks. On the left, at the beginning of the path, is the tennis court, so overshadowed by the woods as to be completely without sun in the afternoon. One enters the enchanted space in which all this simple beauty lies through a picket gate in a brick wall, drab painted and overgrown with Virginia creeper. Just without are two shaped hemlocks. On the right is a low stone wall, capped with white marble, above which is a hedge of clipped lilacs. Inside a brilliant Hower border of hardy phlox, golden glow, larkspur, poppies, lilies and other gay Howering plants runs to the exhedra and beyond it. The forespace there is arranged with great simplicity but in quite a formal way. On the left is a square of lawn; sunk in it, near the studio, is a small square lily pond with white marble border. The lawn The drawing-room mantel is red Numidian marble 8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is surrounded by paths on all sides, a hedge of hemlock inclosing the space on the south. About half way to the woods it is broken by a pergola, a small square brick struc- ture, with brick piers, low brick walls and white marble cop- ing and capitals. It has a pebbled floor and is completely overgrown with grapevines and Virginia creeper. At the furthest extremity of the hemlock hedge is a white marble pedestal and bust. Just beyond it are woods, very dense and thick-growing. Turn to the right, and at the extremity of the other path are two Ionic columns, at the entrance to the wood. Within, under the dense shadow of the trees, is a marble pedestal supporting a colored terra-cotta bust of a lady by Mr. French’s brother sculptor, Mr. Herbert Adams. It is a veritable little open temple in the woods, an art shrine in a very literal sense. A path into the woods begins here. It is very dense and wild, with gigantic lich- ened rocks and much underbrush. The path ad- vances in an unkempt, woody sort of way, then loses itself in a circular clearing, grassed from edge to edge, with splen- did trees uprising all around it. Then, with low fieldstone steps, it moves on anew, rising to a higher level, twisting and turning without apparent meaning, but more wildly, more woody, darkly, damply—if I must say it —with more great trees and many ‘lesser ones. Suddenly it emerges, but hugs the woods to its left, while on the other side 1s an open field of wild flowers; far off on the right is the studio and the bright tops of its gay flower border. The glimpse is for but a mo- ment, for the path im- mediately joins the grassed path that starts from the exedra before the studio cee door. Ionic columns, with bust by Herbert Adams, N. A. Dense and more dense are the woods, with many lofty hemlocks and tall, slender black birches. Then, all at once, one finds oneself in a silent open space; the birds scarcely chirp, even the insects are stilled; the air seems charged with serenity and charm and silence. In the center of a circle rises a splendid maple, a gigantic tree with lofty bole that, could it have been pos- sible, might have been transplanted from the forest of Fontainebleau. It is a tree so high and lofty that its branches begin only above the tops of the surrounding trees. Right in the center, and where the woods are densest, is a great sculptured seat, new-made by Mr. French, of white cement, with solemn faces of sphinxes graven on the arm rests. Around and behind it are small hemlocks, standing as still as young soldiers, watching and guarding the secluded spot. Truly this is their duty, for across the clearing from the seat lies the figure of a sleeping child, a sculpture of Mr. Edward Potter, long associated with Mr. French in some of their most important works. No wonder it is still and quiet here, for this charming slumber must not be disturbed, and all January, 1909 nature holds its breath while the child sleeps on, day and night, in the safe seclusion of the forest! The path that has brought us to this exquisite spot does not stop here, but is renewed beyond. ‘The mountain side, which at the beginning was below one, is now above, rising sharply, with rocks more gigantic than the great ones below. The path breaks into two; one arm mounts the heights, the other goes onward, and is presently crossed by a rustic fence. And still it goes on. But enough! Long before this point has been reached the eye has been sufficiently saturated with woodland and decoration without penetrating further into the wilderness beyond. I have described the house as simple and unpretentious, but some space must be given to its description, for its gentle beauty is quite of the same type as that which distin- guishes the whole of the outlands and gardens. The little entrance porch is sup- ported by two Roman Ionic columns, and_ has steps and floor slabs of white marble. You enter immediately into the hall, for as the house is used in summer only, no vestibule is needed. ‘The hall runs straight through from north to south. It has a hardwood floor and a low wainscot of wood painted ivory-white; the upper walls are covered with a charming greenish tapes- try paper, and there is a plain cornice and ceiling. There is much old furni- ture here, as throughout the house. An old-gold mirror hangs above a pine- apple table, and on the op- posite wall is a fine old Flemish portrait. To the right of the entrance is a recess behind two columns with capitals of Indian | corn. ‘The stairs to the second story rise within; in an arched recess is an old tall clock. Under the stairs is the door to Mr. French’s room, a small apartment that he feels he can rightly call his own. It has the low white wainscot of the hall, with a dark steel-blue paper above. ‘The fireplace has red brick facings and lining and a whitewood mantel and paneled over- mantel. Further on is the drawing-room, entered through a ma- hogany door. The woodwork is ivory-white, with low wain- scot and striped paper in two tones of green. The cornice has little slit-like notches arranged in groups of four; the ceiling is plain. The fireplace has facings of red Numidian marble, with lining of red brick. The overmantel is of wood, paneled, and the mantel ornaments are chiefly antiques. Op- posite is a triple window with dotted Swiss ruffle sash cur- tains and inner curtains of cretonne with stripes of roses. On each side are two silver antique girandoles, with candles within glass shades. The furniture is chiefly Colonial. This room opens on to a side porch; the doors are glazed to the floor and curtained like the window. ‘The porch ‘3 stuccoed on sides and ceiling and is contained within three elliptical DOE it as ~ a TS... January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 A glimpse of the studio garden arches with frames of wood. The dining-room is imme- diately opposite the drawing-room on the other side of the hall. It has a white-painted wainscot and blue-figured two- toned paper. The wood mantel contains a fireplace with facings of red brick laid in reddish mortar and a similar lining. A large oll-gold mirror is above the shelf. As elsewhere the furniture here is old and in fine taste. Be- yond is the breakfast-room, which is actually a porch similar to the one which opens from the drawing-room. Its walls, decorated by Mr. French’s sister-in-law, have a yellowish tone, with painted garlands of fruits and flowers. An Italian terra-cotta Madonna and Child is let into the house wall. The easterly archway is projected and trellised as a bay window; in the center is a small plaster figure on a black marble pedestal; without it is thickly overgrown with grape vines. The furniture is of wood painted dark green. A larger table top, in lighter green, with a painted The chief entrance to the studio circle of fruits and leaves, can be adjusted to the smaller center table when needed, and when not in use stands against the wall. At each end of the hall is a door, with narrow window openings on either side from floor to ceiling. That on the north is the door of entrance; that on the south opens into a terrace and overlooks the whole valley below. The archi- tecture of this front, which is the side presented to the road, is precisely that of the entrance front, save that the separate indication of the service rooms is not here apparent. On each side of the door is a triple window, one for the drawing- room and one for the dining-room; there are five windows in the second story and two dormers in the roof, which is shingled and has a balustraded summit. At each end is a porch, one of which serves as the breakfast-room. On the doorsteps are two hydrangeas in red terra-cotta jars. ‘The steps descend to a pebbled terrace with a low border of ‘Lie gate to the studio garden The exedra adjoming the studio 10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Japanese barberry. Without is a low stone wall with a coping of blue-gray marble and_ piers supporting red Italian pots with shaped plants of box and evergreens. Be- low is the lawn. Here are some fine fruit trees, and to the left, looking out, is a well, ir- regularly placed as regards the house, and’ contained within a wall of built-up stone, that belonged to an old The studio and its outer porch January, 1909 studio occupies the whole of the inner portion of the build- ing. As a matter of fact this is not the only workshop on the place, for Mr. French has another studio at some dis- tance off across the road, on the edge of a declivity, which is used for work de- signed to occupy an elevated position on a building. On the south side of the smaller studio is a porch, with pergola ends or wings. The farmhouse that gave place to the present house. The road building has no windows here at all, and but a single small is below, but not near, and is quite well beneath the lawn level. But to its greater concealment there is an irregular planting of shrubbery, roughly semi- circular in form, and entirely natural- istic in effect. There is a wonderful and marvel- ous view to be had from the door of the terrace front. One looks out over valleys and mountains above mountains, until, on a misty day, the furthermost seems so utterly removed that it is scarce believable there can be a world beyond it. In the foreground is a_ gigantic heap known as ‘The Monument”; “The Dome,” called Mt. Washing- ton in Massachusetts, is the name given to the most remote. But mere names are unimportant here, exactly as mere words are inadequate to de- scribe the loveliness and the grandeur of the outlook. “It was what brought us here,” said Mr. French, and truly the whole vicinity contains no more superb attraction. One naturally begins at “Chester- wood” with the studio, and one quite as naturally ends with it. A little porch on the side admits the visitor to a handsomely furnished reception-room, while the Sculptured seat in the woods door on one side that opens directly into the workroom. In the center of the wall are two piers, each with a figure carved and sunk within its surface. On the plain wall between them is a delicate festoon, and below is a great bench. It is a majestic and remarkable decora- tion, truly emblematic of the noble uses to which this structure is put, and finely typical of the artistic sensibility of the great artist who works within. No one knows the time when the Berkshire Hills have not presented their wooded summits to the blue vault of heaven; one can, perhaps, count the time during which they have been known to civilized man. Yet immortal as these hillsides are, so also is the fame of the delightful and cultivated gentleman who, in the intervals of his professional work, has created this charming and lovely place. Of nature beauty the Berkshires have a plenty and to spare, yet new renown and fresh fame must come to them because of the noble works of genius this quiet artist is silently creating on Glendale’s hillside. Mr. French has been fortunate in being able to develop a simple estate, ample for every demand he might make of it. The sleeping child, by Edward Potter, N. A. January, 1909 PVerE Re GerAGN “OWES AND GARDENS [1 A Curious Collection of Bottles By Ada Walker Camehl MONG the numerous fads and fancies of the house furnisher of to-day none is more quaint and interesting than the decorative use of the vari-colored bottles and flasks of many shapes and sizes, which are relics of one of the oldest enterprises of our country. These bottles are found in a great variety of color, ranging from dark browns, blues and reds to lighter shades of olive, russet, claret, emer- ald green, pale blue and transparent white. When grouped upon a tall mahogany sideboard or table, and placed so that the sunlight falls upon them, they form a rich and effective mass of decoration. The shapes of these bottles are many and curious. There are tall bottles with long necks and fat bodies, short squat bottles with scarcely any necks at all, bottles with ribbed edges and bottles with plain edges. Each manufacturer had his own peculiar contour, length of neck or character of ribs; and, as glass- ware did not bear the maker’s mark as did the earthenware of the same period, the age of the bottles is discovered by these characteristics alone. The oldest bottles are distin- guished by the shape of the mouth, which is straight and plain, and was cut off with shears irregularly at the top while still plastic; and also by the rough circular scar on the bottom, Mt 8 SE ‘iid A railroad bottle of 1825 left when the bottle was broken off from the punty rod by the workman. Bottles of a later date have a rim around the mouth and a smooth, hollow base, due to the improvement in manufacture whereby a case was used to hold the glass. Later still, bottles and flasks were made with plain, flat bottoms. Not only are these bottles interesting in form and color, but the decorations upon them are of peculiar historical value to Americans, as they bear portraits of many of our national heroes, and many of the incidents of our early history are recorded upon their sides. The story of our glass manufac- ture goes back to the time of our Colonies, when glass bottles and beads were made for trade with the Indians. But the chief interest to a bottle collector lies in the output of the first half of the nineteenth cen- tury. During those years the potters of Staffordshire were decorating blue dinner sets with portraits of our po- litical and military heroes, and send- ing them in great quantities to our shores. ‘The exceeding popularity of these historical dishes prompted the makers of bottles to adopt the same practise; and straightway the faces of Washington, Franklin, Lafayette and other national characters were blown in the sides of flasks. Many of the portraits are easily recogniz- able, and reflect credit upon the artists who made the design. A Charley Ross,bottle A Pike’s Peak bottle A Jenny Lind bottle 12 A group of old American‘bottles The American eagle and shield, various Masonic emblems, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a cornucopia filled with fruit, and vases of flowers, were also ‘‘Lowell.” used. I have seen a curious old American bottle in the form of a violin, with the glass colored the soft yellows and browns of that instrument. One of the oldest and most historic is the rail- road bottle, made in 1825. Our first railroad was a primitive affair of wooden rail and horse power, yet its memory survives in these quaint glass souvenirs. The one pictured in the illus- tration’ iS) (Of a. rich brown color, and has in relief on one side a horse drawing a loaded car along a wooden rail. Above are the words ‘Success to the Rail- road.” On the reverse is the American eagle and stars, all in relief. The story of the ‘‘Suc- cess” thus naively pre- dicted, and since made real in our twentieth century rolling palaces of speed and luxury, would be an Arabian night’s entertainment to the originator of this quaint design. Another railroad bottle has the word ‘“‘Railroad”’ Two book bottles ; the large one holds three quarts, the small one, one pint January, 1909 Two examples of New England book bottles in relief above the horse and wagon, while below is the word The bottle bearing the head of General Lafayette on one side and of De Witt Clinton on the other commemorates the open- ing of the Erie Canal in 1825, at which cere- mony the French Gen- eral was present. The famous “Log- cabin” and Hivamgd Cider” campaign of 1840 is responsible for bottles in the form of a log cabin. These have a door and windows in- dicated upon them, and upon the sloping roof the date “1840” ap- pears. The chimney serves for the mouth of the bottle. Our war with Mex- ico in 1846-47 gave occasion for special de- signs in bottles. The head of Zachary Taylor, with the words “Gen- eral Taylor never sur- renders,” appears upon some; while others bear the bust of Capt. Braxton Bragg, with General Taylor’s famous command to him, “A little more grape, Captain Bragg,” in raised letters above the head. Bennington cow cream jug Bennington dogs January, 1909 The rush for gold to California, beginning in 1849, gave rise to bottles with exceedingly realistic decoration. ‘The long-faced gentleman in the illustration in military cap and claw-hammer coat, with his bundle of mining tools slung over his shoulder, is evidently making rapid strides into the West. His attire no doubt is meant to signify the haste in which he left his home. Old residents of Western New York remember seeing “prairie schooners” passing westward along the road from Buffalo to Chicago, with “Pike’s Peak or bust!’ painted on the canvas covers. Returning stragglers displayed only the last word of this motto. The Jenny Lind and Kossuth bottles commemorate the visits of those famous celebrities to our shores, while the bottle bearing the face of Charley Ross recalls one of the saddest incidents of its kind in our history. The collector in his search for bottles will find curious specimens made in the shape of books. ‘These are of various sizes. The largest one in the illustration will hold three quarts, and the smallest one pint. The mouth is situated AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 near the back of the book. These bottles are not made of glass, but of the rich brown pottery of Bennington, Vt. Old people tell me that these book-bottles were designed in this form so that liquid refreshment of various sorts—butter- milk, cold tea, or possibly something stronger—might be conveniently carried to church services, which, in olden times, were affairs of the whole Sabbath day. The morning ser- vice was followed by intermission for rest and luncheon be- fore the service of the afternoon. Another story is to the effect that these book-bottles were made to evade the pro- hibition laws of New England. The words ‘‘Departed Spirits” which are imprinted in the back of one of the smaller bottles leave the reader in puzzled uncertainty as to whether they were meant to apply to the inner condition of the bottle or to direct the thoughts to realms above. About eighty different designs of old glass bottles have been found. ‘They are not to be despised as plebeian. They deserve a place beside the cherished china and pewter of their own generation, and should be carefully preserved. Wild Animals in Captivity By Esther Low M1 RAPID and general is the encroachment of civilization upon the still wild portions of the continent to-day that the time is not inconceivably distant when these unexplored or unsettled territories will be completely given over to man. And with this slow but certain domination arises the almost inevita- ble assimilation of the aboriginal inhabitants and the com- plete extinction of the fauna, the latter usually taking place with extraordinary rapidity. An unfortunate example of these truths is the present condition of the American Indian and the American bison, the first disappearing and hopelessly degenerated, and the former countless millions of the second represented here and there by a few small herds in private parks or zoological gardens. Here, too, become evident the invaluable services of zoological collections, not only as a means of present education, but also in the ~ preservation for our future Ch tk generations of the rapidly Ny . ts Fe eg be 5 Ves ST, ek . Pe ’ small indow incongruous attic wW: ’ Portico too heavy Exhibits few real Colonial features gh AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A marked characteristic of Colonial architecture is the absence of bow windows, which were factors of styles of less formality in design. In modern work, in which these win- dows are often essential to the plan, they should be con- sidered as major exterior factors, should be arranged to balance symmetrically on either side of the central axis, and should receive the same dignity of treatment as the porticoes. At best they are distinct interpolations in the style. The Palladian motive, i. e., an arched opening flanked by two narrower square-headed openings, carried only to the spring of the arch, is one of the most pronounced motives of Co- lonial design. It is an important motive, and for use in two ways only, either upon the main axis or in case of announcing a large room or hall, in regular repeats, usually in threes, fives or sevens, i. e., uneven numbers. It should never be squat, that is, the united width of the three openings should not exceed the height to the spring of the arch. In modern work it is frequently placed off axis and unrelated to any of the other openings. It is a distinct advantage in Colonial work to arrange the chimneys symmetrically, and while this is often impossible, those penetrating each roof should at least be carried to the same height. The balustrades are of several varieties, some quite heavy, simulating stone balustrades, which type should be used upon terraces and near the ground. The balustrades grow, relatively, lighter toward the top of the building. Others are made up of slender, turned bal- usters, which should not be over their own diameters apart. Still others are of an open character of straight or curved diagonals within horizontal rectangles, the thin edge of the sections across the direction of the balustrade; these latter are very light in appearance. It not infrequently happens that the height of the balustrade is disproportionate to the entablature below, and seems too high because of the num- ber of vertical balusters, while, if it be lowered, the corner posts lack accent. Because of this fact two expedients have been adopted, one of placing terminal vase forms on the corner and division posts, the other of carrying these posts higher than the bal- ustrade rail and ramping the rail upward at the posts. “The latter expedient is rare in early exterior work, though used upon interior staircases. Both expedients have been grossly exaggerated in modern work. ‘There is nothing that so vulgarizes a balustrade as excessively high or large ramps at the posts. The turned balusters should be square in plan at both ends. A Colonial design of wood should have an ade- quate water table, and if corner pilasters are used the water table needs projection, even if a shelf occurs in consequence. The base line of any classic building requires to be announced. The usual object of belt courses is to create long horizontal lines lowering the effect of che design. They are more effec- tive by their shadows than by their width, and are often too broad in modern work. The same fault occurs in entablatures. There are many admirable Colonial buildings in which the architrave and frieze are entirely omitted, the bedmold and cornice alone being sufficient for the delicacy of the style. There is no more common fault in modern work than the exaggeration of the frieze and its over-elaboration. Manifestly an architrave over a wall does not require the depth of one over an open- ing. In the cases where the attic story becomes the frieze, the architrave becomes a belt course below the attic windows and the frieze is of the same tone and color as the wall below. The cornice is developed from any of the orders of archi- tecture, and its bedmold may have beam ends, modillions, etc., or not, at will. There is also a type of delicate cove used which is often lunetted and made into a bracket course. Heavy Florentine bracketed beams and corbel courses are not sufficiently delicate for the style, though used in modern work. The window and door trims should be narrow rather January, 1909 than wide; they may have a cap molding, and, if desired, be pedimented with low triangular or arched pediments, broken or unbroken, but these are easily overdone, and are best over axial motives and over the dormers. The broken pediments of the Colonial style are extremely rich in light and shade, and become spotty and irritating if used in excess. The subdivisions of the sash have occasioned as much dif- ficulty as any factor of the style. The style being a delicate one, it does not brook large undivided openings, and the window muntins tend to harmonize and often to create the scale of the facade. If they are omitted the whole detail should become more robust. The subdivision of sashes should be regular and alike on both sashes of each window, and should be studied for harmonious effect throughout the building. The introduction of different sized lights in the upper and lower sashes and in adjacent windows is produc- tive of confusion of scale. Diagonal lights are entirely out of character with the style. The sections of the moldings vary with the quality of the types, some being fine and deli- cate, others broad and robust, but the same character should be kept throughout the design. It is not unusual in modern work to see delicate entrances associated with heavy cornices, or vice versa, creating confusion in the scale of the building. Another important factor is that of keeping the grouped moldings with the same facial angles, i. e., if they are based upon lines of forty-five degrees, that angle should be domi- nant throughout the sections. The general tendency of the proportion of rooms or factors in plan is of forms having length, the rooms are not square or circular, but have length and are oval in plan, and there is the same tendency in the porch plan: It is seldom successful if planned upon a portion of a circle, and is much better when based upon portions of an oval. Long subtle curves in arches and in plan are more characteristic of the style than are semicircles, with the ex- ception of the use of circular-headed windows in important places. Colonial interior detail is often more elaborate than ex- terior. ‘The mantels are carved and decorated with garlands and medallions, the surfaces are fluted with both convex and concave flutes, and there is the constant occurrences of oval panels filled with the sunburst pattern of radiating flutes. The principal characteristics of the style are those of dignity, formality, simplicity of arrangement, delicacy of de- tails, and subtlety of proportions and uniform scale. The faults evident in the imitations of the style are picturesque- ness of conception, complexity of arrangement, coarseness of detail, and disregard for scale, and these faults are most evident in the following factors of the design: First, in the use of orders of widely different character and scale. Second, in disregard of accent of axis. Third, in disregard of the placing of openings on the same horizontal lines and over each other and of their vertical character. Fourth, in the disregard of simplicity of arrangement of columns and of intercolumniation. Fifth, in the too frequent use of cir- cular forms in plan instead of oval forms. Sixth, in the over-elaboration of detail, excess of broken pediments, etc. Seventh, in the disregard of scale in the subdivision of the windows. Eighth, in the excessive size of friezes, of key- stones, and of ramps and of vases. Ninth, in the treatment of bow windows unrelated in scale to the facade, and, lastly, in- the failure to recognize that Colonial exterior detail should be quite as nearly white in tone and color, while in- terior detail is preferably white, or gray, or tinted, but can be in natural wood of a neutral light tone and color, con- trasted with dark doors, stair rails, stairs, floors and furni- ture. Upon the exterior it is an architecture of light tone throughout, excepting in the doors. In the interior it is often an architecture of strong contrasts of a strong dark and light. It is not improved by the use of gold, excepting in portable objects set upon it as a background. January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 25 The Mimicry of Plants By S. Leonard Bastin T IS often in the very beginnings of a being’s existence that the most need arises for special protective means, and it is there- fore not surprising to find that quite a num- ber of seeds are examples of mimicry. Ass) Doubtless many of these resemblances are purely accidental, but in others one can not but think that there is a real purpose in the simulation. Many seed vessels bear an astonishing likeness to beetles and other insects, one of the best known perhaps being that of the castor oil plant (Ricinus). This, although not large enough to make an effective pho- tograph, is singularly suggestive of the widely distributed Coccinella beetles and their allies. The large seeds of the genus Chelonospermum, from the Pacific Islands, are wonderfully like some of the huge tropical Coleoptera. As Lord Avebury has pointed out, these resemblances might well benefit the plants in one of two ways. It might be an advantage for the smaller kinds of seeds to be swallowed by birds, the external coating being able to with- stand the action of the digestive juices. It is not difficult to conceive that a large number of seeds mimicking beetles in appearance must be eaten by birds, under the impression that the morsel is a succulent insect. On the other hand, the big seeds, such as those of Chelonospermum, might escape unwelcome attention by their likeness to insects. Graminivorous birds, which would tear the seeds in pieces and destroy them, mistaking the vessels for formidable beetles, would avoid tackling them, and thus they would remain untouched. Some of the most amazing plants in the world are certainly those to be numbered among the South African Mesembryan- themums. If there is nothing in the theory of protective resemblance as applied to plants, these quite defy all explana- tion. Glance at the accompanying photograph of a potted Some species of Iris are called ‘‘roast beef ’’ plants from the odor they emit specimen of Mesembryanthemum truncatum. It is abso- lutely impossible to distinguish between the succulent shoots which form the plant and the pebbles surrounding it. The very coloring of this strange specimen is devised so as to further the illusion. In another species, although it does not make quite so striking a photograph, the resemblance is none the less remarkable in the living plant. It is necessary to con- sider the conditions under which these strange plants live to find a satisfactory reason for this simulation of rock and stone. Perhaps there are no two re- gions in the world so much alike as the desert lands of South Africa and those of New Mexico and Arizona. In both these districts vegetation can only exist by special modifications of growth; these usually take the form of a reduc- tion or total abandonment of foliage and evolution of thick, fleshy stems. Now succulent plants, storing up a quantity of sweet juice for their own consumption, are always liable to the attack of parched and thirsty animals in a dry country. The American Cacti are armed with terrific arrays of thorns, but the African Mesembryanthemums have a stranger, but quite as effective, mode of protection. These ingenious plants simply rely on not being seen at all, and it is likely that in their extraor- dinary simulation of environment there is a security upon which it would not be easy to improve. It is very important on occasion that certain plants should be able to advertise their presence. Somehow or other a vast number of species have become more or less entirely de- pendent upon the good offices of insects to assist them in their scheme of fertilization. Of course, the insect goes to the flower solely for what he can get, or imagines he will find there. The great thing from the plant’s point of. view is to induce the visitor to pay his call. To this end it is proved that some plants in their flowers aim at a definite simulation of carrion-matter which is calculated to attract hordes of The dragon Arum, a huge crimson flower with a scent of decaying meat An orchid resembling a moth. The Catasetum from South America The Aristolochias is strongly suggestive of decaying meat 26 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Oe insects. Ihe well-known dragon arum is a case in point. This plant, a native of Southern Europe, and an easy sub- ject for the garden, produces giant flowers, typical of its kind. These are colored on the inside of the spathe with a most lurid crimson, very suggestive of decaying meat. Moreover, the shining black spadix rising from the center of the bloom adds yet further to the strik- ing appearance of the plant. Just as the spathe develops, a most disagree- able odor is emitted, strangely sugges- tive of rotting flesh. So genuine is this illusion that the writer knows of actual cases in which the plant has been ban- ished from the garden simply because the owner could not endure the unpleas- ant scent. To the insect world the suggestion is no less deceiving, for large numbers of flies are attracted to the flower in the hope that they may be able to feast on the carrion. By an ingenious arrange- ment many of them are entrapped for a while, and held cap- tive until they have become well dusted with pollen. There are perhaps few more wonderful flowers in the world than those produced by the South American Aris- tolochias; these are so huge as to represent almost the largest blooms in the world. Many of the species are authoritatively stated to lure insects by means of the resemblance which they bear to carrion. In particular A. gigas is strongly suggestive of decaying meat, while when the blooms are in perfect con- dition they send out an odor so unpleasant that it is difficult to stay in a hothouse with them without discomfort. Another species of the same genus, .\. tricaudata, is of deep purple in the tinting of its flowers, while each blossom has three long appendages, giving the appearance of the drippings which might arise from a piece of meat suspended in the air. All these Aristolochias are visited by large numbers of flies, on whose agency the plants largely depend for the cross- fertilization of their organs. The above examples are extreme instances of the simula- tion of carrion by flowers, but there are a very large number of plants which produce blossoms smelling suggestively of rotten meat. Some species of Iris, although they can not be said to resemble carrion in their appearance, are certainly very strange in their odor. One of these, common in Europe, has been given the name of “roast beef” plant on account of its scent, which is said to resemble that of cooked meat. Most people would feel, however, that that flower scarcely smells of anything so wholesome. As a general rule it will be found that the majority of brown or luridly colored flowers give Mesembryanthemns truncatum, from South African deserts Beetle-Ski seeds: Chelonospermum, from Pacific Islands January, 1909 off an odor which is not pleasant to human beings, although it must prove very attractive to flies. A particular phase of plant sim- ulation which has never been satis- factorily explained is that which is quite common among orchids. In these cases the whole appearance of the flower is suggestive of some insect—to quite a remarkable degree in some in- stances. It does not seem easy to sug- gest any real purpose that could be served by this resemblance, and yet one can scarcely think it to be acci- dental. Probably one of the most curious examples is the bee orchis (Or- chis apifera), a native of Europe. Any- one who knew of this orchid, and came across it for the first time, would have small difficulty in at once recognizing The labellum is of a velvety brown variegated with yellow, while the two lateral petals might very well serve for the wings of the insect. Nearly related is the fly orchis, a most singular plant in the peculiar form of its flowers. These are somewhat small, and in the center of the lip there is a small bluish spot, like the body of a fly; the two lateral petals are very slender and curiously like the antenne of an insect. The whole illusion is very complete, and a casual glance suggests that a few flies are hanging on to the stem of some plant which has cast its flowers. Of course, among the exotic orchids there are many which by their strange shapes suggest some insect or other. The New World Catasetums are very curious in this respect, and a picture of a spray of bloom which is repro- duced very much resembles a number of moths with partly closed wings. Other instances might be cited in the orchid family of this kind of simulation, and it would be a very easy matter to fill pages with descriptions of these weird flowers. Of course it is freely admitted that in these similarities shown by orchid flowers there may be nothing of any mean- ing; in the way that they appear to us the likenesses may serve no end at all. Nevertheless it is rather significant that there should be so many cases of this nature to be found in one tribe. It has been hinted that perhaps the special insects which the orchids mimic are not desired to visit the flowers. Any call is discouraged, by making it appear to passing in- sects that the bloom has a visitor already. ‘This certainly seems to be rather a far-fetched theory, but it is really impos- sible to say that such a state of affairs might not have been brought about by means of natural selection. w Stone mimicry : Mesembryanthemum, from South Africa January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 27 The Residence of Atherton lark. Esq. Newton, Massachusetts 2 By Paul Thurston An Exceptional House Built of Harvard Brick Laid with Flemish Bond The main entrance to the house BN EXCEPTIONAL house is the brick one built for Atherton Clark, at Newton, Mass., from the plans of Fehmer & Page, of Boston, Mass. The design is finely executed, and being built of brick, the architects have found their expression in square lines which are sufficiently broken by piercing the main walls with an imposing doorway at the front entrance and numerous small lighted windows on either side. The bay-window built at the side and covered with the overhanging roof, and the massive chimney built at the front of the house, are in themselves architectural features which lend necessary character to the gen- eral effect. The main walls are built of red brick laid in white mortar with a Flemish bond. The main roof is cov- ered with white cedar shingles, which are left to weather finish. The trimmings are painted white. The porch and the terrace at the rear of the house faces the gar- den, which is built at the end of the estate and forms a very at- tractive feature. The entrance to the house is through a broad door with a solid panel, on which is hung an antique knocker. The rear of the house overlooking the garden The hall is finished with a white painted trim, while the walls are covered with a wall covering of a gray tone paper on which is a large yellow figure on a floral design. The windows have gray silk curtains hung over softer ones of muslin. The floor covering is in crimson, and adds a touch of color to the soft gray tones of the rest of the color scheme. ‘The stairs are also painted white and are covered with a similar crimson carpet. ‘The stairs have a mahogany rail. The reception-room is to the left of the entrance, and is finished with a gray painted trim. The walls are covered with a two-tone striped wall paper in green with large crim- son roses. The floor is covered with a rug in a two-tone green, and the upholstery is in a two-tone of apple green. The curtains at the door openings and windows are also of two-tone green brocade. The living-room is at the extreme end of the house, and ex- tends the entire depth of it. It is finished in the English style, with an oak trim stained and finished with a Flemish brown. The walls are covered with a Japanese grass cloth of a golden-brown color. At one end of the room is the open fireplace, built of red 28 brick laid with only the heads exposed to view. These bricks are laid with red mortar, and form the fac ins ofthe fire place, above which mantelshelf — is tohke builts “A panele overmantel is plac d ed over the shelf, in fact the entire end of the side of the room is paneled except the window at the left side of the The floor is covered with fireplace. a two-tone brown carpet, upholstery and silk curtains at the -~ PIAZZA AMERICAN HOMES and the = = | = = i id 4 seRVANTS-HALL Et | DANTRY. cues ear ‘up Dow: |] Back = mac " DOWN | Pp : ie Sere = i it HAdsh— KITCHEN i bao DINING-ROOM TI | PECED' room| = — CHINA CLOSET uf = =I | f = }imney is an architectyr) a The - feat, rte Flower boxes, filled with growing plants and shrubs, are built on the balcony rail AND GARDENS . tit i ‘ January, 1909 windows are also of a soft brown color. The dining - room is finished in the Eng- lish style. The wood- work is of oak and is stained and_ finished in a dark browm color. The fireplace has a hearth and facing of red brick laid in white mortar. Gothic in feeling, and is formed with a group of panels. At either breast are pilasters which support the beams which pass over the ceiling and M7 The overmantel is end of the chimney- CHAMBER SERVANT January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The third floor is de- voted to the extra guest room and bath, and also storage room and trunk room. The house, which is beautifully situated on a site facing a broad avenue lined with magnificent trees, is reached from the road- way by a broad walk built of red brick laid in herring-bone fashion, and extending di- rect to the front entrance. The grounds surrounding the site are well planted with trees, which with their overhanging branches form an attractive setting for the house, for the landscape at once deter- mines the general style and character of the house. This is a point which is quite essential to the well being of a house from an architectural standpoint, and it is a fun- damental truth that is very excellently illus- trated in this particular house. The sim- plicity of the house, both as to its exterior design as well as to its interior scheme, is wherein the true elegance of the modern home is to be found. The grounds sur- rounding the house are planted in a semi- The dining-room is trimmed with oak finished in a dark brown color formal manner. meet other pilasters which are placed at the opposite side of the room. The walls are covered with a two-toned wall paper in an Indian red. ‘The furniture is made to match the woodwork, and the chairs are covered with a similar tone of Indian red leather. The rug is of red with a blue border. Broad French windows are built at the opposite end of the room from the fireplace, which open out on the porch and terrace and form easy access to the porch and the garden. The kitchen and its dependencies are fin- ished with yellow pine trim in its natural state, and are furnished with all the best modern improvements. The second story is divided into sleeping- rooms and baths. The owner’s suite, con- sisting of two rooms and bath, is treated with a green color scheme. There is also one guest room and bathroom on this floor, besides two servants’ bedrooms and bath, which are placed over the kitchen end of the house and are provided with a private stairway to the service part of the house. The bathrooms are fitted with white enameled wainscotings and are furnished Me 30 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WZ VIR rae od <_— January, 1909 oT aa { Colored Windows in the House HERE are in every shop pattern books filled with designs of the conventional kind, which, however handsome they may be, have become hackneyed to a degree by re- peated use; but even when an old and much used geometric pattern is found to be most available, a certain degree of artistic ettect can be produced by drawing the lines on the working drawing ‘‘free hand,” thus lessening the machine-made look and the rigidity of a drawing accurately executed with draughting instruments. It can almost be made to have the charm of a pencil sketch when compared with a hard linear design. The simplest leaded windows are those with small squar: or diamond shaped panes, but even these can be made a tes* of taste and feeling for proportion. Good specimens of the so-called square pane are shown in the paintings of interiors of many Dutch artists, and examples of the diamond shaped windows will be found in drawings of old English manor houses. In both of these styles of windows a note of color is frequently used, and used in the best of taste. If possible, however, something individual and personal in design should be sought for and the tendency among the most exacting and discriminating is happily now in this di- rection. Just where to place leaded windows is, of course, a problem differing with every design of house. In many the staircase landing offers an excellent opportunity, but whatever is placed there, whether geometric, ornamental, floral, landscape or figure, should be most carefully con- sidered, as the color scheme governs that of the hall and is about the first thing seen by the visitor on entering the house. Transoms of doors and the side lights should be very A specimen of Mamillaria rhodantha quiet and very simple, as they form part of the architectural scheme. ‘The light in the door panel can appropriately be made as elaborate and complicated as the owner’s purse ad- mits. Crinkled glass is not to be recommended here, as the light from it is too vivid and startling. Something quiet in texture of a.creamy tint is much to be preferred. The soft radiance of glass of this character enhances the value of all objects in the entrance hall and harshness of shadow is avoided. ; In the library the subject is of paramount importance and a great range of motives exist from which selection can be made; book marks, printers’ devices, emblems of the crafts relating to book making, printing and illustrating, seals of great libraries and universities, etc. Especial care must be taken here not to destroy the light needed for reading purposes. Perhaps the ideal conditions for beauty of effect and for use would be a room in which the reader faced a colored window, throwing no glare, low and quiet in tone and restful to the eye, having at his back a window filled with light creamy glass, harmonious in design, which would furnish the needed light. In simple windows for simple homes, glass of an almost uniform tone is to be preferred; and the color accents, if any are used, should be selected with the greatest care, and should seldom be vivid unless a coat of arms or a device of some kind is used as a spot of color. The question of just how much light is to be transmitted is of paramount importance in the selection of clear glasses, or of those with a certain res’stance to the free flow of light. Tn the latter class our opalescent glass offers a great range of light colors and shades of mellow tints of real beauty. Mamillaria Rhodantha HE accompanying illustration shows an uncommon form of the cactus ‘‘Mamillaria rho- dantha.” Whether it is a “sport” or a new variety is most difficult to determine, for authorities are not at all clear as to how the many varieties exhibited by this species should be classified. The more usual specimens of this plant are columnar aggrega- tions of nodules, carrying from five to twelve spines. ‘Ihe spherical bodies upon the upper boundary of the illustrated plant are units, and give some idea of the common appearance of this cactus. By the coalescence of a number of these spherical units the peculiar’ “crested” ap- pearance shown in the central and lower portion of the growth is obtained. January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 The Dining-Room By John A. Gade HE dining-room is the only room in a dwell- ing house which is only used for a single purpose and at stated times. The problems thus involved by its construction, its posi- tion and its relation, become special and definite ones. All the other rooms lived in by the household in common have varied uses and dependencies. The library and the study, or den, are read in, are used for after-dinner smoking, for writing, or for the transaction of business relating to the house. The very name of the living-room has become ambiguous from the fact of its varied usage. It may be a parlor, a general assembly room for the family or guests at all hours of the day, used for music, cards, sewing or conversation. And the hall is now likewise, and especially in country houses, de- The service door should be concealed behind signed and furnished for the use of general lounging and living, while its purpose as an intermediary stage between in and out doors and its staircase leading to upper stories have been suppressed or altered. The conditions that primarily determine the dining-room are its exclusive usage at meal time, its furnishing with the necessary furniture for the service and enjoyment of the meals, and its dependency and connection with the pantry and kitchen. The dinner is possibly the only more or less formal social occasion at which we gather. While eating, certain forms, manners and customs are observed in our demeanor toward each other and the servants. We no longer, if owners of our own castles, sit on a raised dais facing all except our social equals; the viands are no longer prepared and cut up in our presence; we do not even, as in the last century, use the dining-room throughout the evening until we finally re- tire under the table. On the contrary, we employ a most elaborate and com- plicated service of glass, porcelain, silver, and pewter, with a screen special articles for every imaginable purpose—we are served as rapidly and silently as is possible in a certain prescribed succession of courses. ‘The meal, at least the principal one, has become a social as well as a formal function. The serving of the meal and the furniture of the dining- room determine at the outset its shape. We have in general a table, the chairs, both used and unused, the sideboard, the serving table and china cabinets, and, possibly, a screen con- cealing the pantry at the frequent opening and closing of its door. The size of the table invariably placed in the center of the room, considered in connection with the chairs around it (each person should be allowed from twenty-six to thirty- one inches of space), the space requisite to serve back of these, and any furniture against the side walls of the room, are what should determine its dimensions. If the table is of the usual dimensions, four feet nine inches or five feet square or round, one foot eight inches should be al- lowed around it for chairs, two feet more for serving, and from two feet two inches to three feet for fur- niture. Basing the dimen- sions of the room upon these figures, and the fact that the three feet allow- ance for furniture will prob- ably be requisite on only two adjacent sides of the room, no side of the room should be less than fifteen feet. These are liberal di- mensions, but it should be clearly borne in mind that nowhere is comfort more imperative than in a dining- room. The servant must not be obliged to draw in her breath to pass back of the diners’ chairs, nor must the allotted space be so small that furniture and walls are knocked when the chairs are pushed back, and, in case of a dinner party, guests be obliged to sit glued together. The dining-room should be more nearly square than any other room of the house, as it gathers round the one regular piece of furniture, the table, or tocus, equal space is requisite all around it for serving, and the room is never, as is a living- room, or library, or hall, broken up into “groups” by furni- ture or inmates. There should further be kept in mind the position of the fireplace and the extension of the table. The proper heating is naturally a very vital question. You can not heat a dining- room as you would one of the other living-rooms, where the occupants are at liberty freely to move nearer or further away from the source of heat. At the same time that the dining-room ought not, as is frequently the case, to be so cold that low-necked ladies shiver until they are obliged to send for shawls and wraps, it should be cool in comparison with the parlor or library. During meal time, by the con- / sumption of food (and especially wines), as well as by the 32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Dining-room with tapestry panels burning of the candles, gas, etc., the temperature of room and diners constantly rises. Further, nothing is more un- comfortable than to have one’s back during the meal too near the logs. A few feet on the safe side should thus always be allowed in front of the chimney-breast (which itself will probably project). As the fire should never be nearer to a diner than six feet, the builder must remember that a five foot table is at times extended to nine feet, and the length of the room parallel with the lines on which the ex- tension will occur must be figured in reference to the greatest probable length of the table. A well propor- tioned dining-room may be said to be one of about twenty feet by twenty-two feet by ten feet six inches high. The furniture, or what takes its place, may also be | ‘recessed,’ and the room made correspondingly smaller. ‘Thus the side- board, which encroaches so decidedly upon the floor space, may be placed in a recess or an alcove, and the china cabinet made into cup- boards or closets built into the walls with their glass doors coming flush with the wall surfaces. The same expedient, if followed in the fireplace, building its breast flush with the wall and con- structing the flue on the pantry rather than on the dining-room side, is of great value in enlarging the room. January, 1909 Nowhere does furniture govern as much as in this room, and in small country houses as well as in modest city houses, the building of the requisite compartments for china,-silver and glass into the walls becomes of the greatest assistance in en- larging the available floor space. The doors furnished with leaded or wooden mun- tined designs, perhaps in connection with plate or pewter shelves running around the side walls, may likewise add to a simple but happy effect. Light, sunshine, cleanli- ness and air are all essentials in this room. A close, dark or stuffy dining-room is in- supportable. The morning sunshine falling across the white cloth of the table is better than any cereal or fruit to start the day or the appetite. “he room can not thus be more advantage- ously placed than in the southeast corner of the house. Its location as well as the number of windows is vital. Jt must be, above all others, a cool room in summer. If it is possible to procure windows on two or three sides, especially two sides facing each other, the cross current of air becomes of great advantage during the hot season. Opening the room on to a piazza, on a pleasant view of flowers, or terrace, or garden, or a cool, splashing fountain, will add immensely to its success. As The uncarpeted floor has many advantages January, 1909 AMERICAN Simple panels of wood have a charm of their own air and sunshine are freely admitted, the flies, mosquitoes and insects which will be attracted in swarms by the food must not be forgotten. Windows must be constructed so as always to be provided with screens, and screen doors if the windows are French and go to the floor. The room could not be better placed than opening on one side on a piazza, whither the table may be moved during the hottest of weather. This should be connected by a case- ment window running to the floor, and at least a portion enscreened. Pantry, or serving-room, and dining-room lead, of course, directly into each other—the more intimate and the less noticeable, the better and more successful the service. There must be a decided feeling,of cleanliness and light- ness about the room as well as a certain restraint in its archi- tecture. Heavy wall coverings, dark leathers or highly flowered wall papers, as well as stuffy curtains of thick velvets or plushes, are generally unfortunate in a city house and in- variably so ina country residence. In addition to the “stuffy” impression they make, the heavy wall materials and curtains absorb and retain the steam and odors from the food. The old Colonial, Georgian, and Adams dining-rooms are hard to beat with their clean looking white paneled wall surfaces, with brilliantly contrasting dark mahogany furniture and brightly polished silver. They look neat, dignified and fresh. In the more elaborate or expensive schemes cement or stone may be substituted for the wood panels. Employing a wooden paneled surface or merely canvasing and painting the walls, producing perhaps the panel effect by the applica- tion of wooden molds directly on the plaster and finishing the whole with light colors of paint, is almost certain to look better than a dark or highly flowered paper. The same prin- ciple should be followed in the ceiling and floor. Apply on the former, unless the architecture radically de- mands a different scheme, light ornamentation and keep the floor as clean looking as in a hospital. Do not carpet it, but furnish with a rug or matting, that may constantly be cleaned. Best of all, do not fear cold feet, but have a brightly waxed floor or one of stone or marble, or a tesselated one. In a French house a rug in the dining-room would usually be con- sidered uncleanly—there the parquetry of the floor is gen- erally danced on by the wax shoes of the ‘‘Frotteur’’ every Monday morning and shines as invitingly as the top of the table. The doors as well as the windows are of importance. One of the doors will in almost every instance lead into one or HOMES AND GARDENS Ww 3 the other of the principal rooms, generally into the living-room or the parlor, and its opening is usually large. It should never be a single door, but sufficiently wide to allow two persons to enter the room arm in arm, without any fear of grazing the jambs. This opening should never merely be por- tiered off from the living- room, but closed by either swinging or sliding doors— without them the smell of the food will penetrate, and one will further be obliged after the meal to listen to the. clatter and disturbance inseparable from clearing ott the table. The pantry door is merely a necessity and should never be treated as an architect- ural feature. It should be just wide enough to allow the maid or butler to enter com- fortably with the largest tray—for the smaller it is the less kitchen smell and rattle of dishes and cutlery will reach the dining-room. Conceal the door altogether if possible, not only by a screen in front of it, but by giving no trim to the door on the dining-room side and seldom making it over six feet six inches in height. ‘There is seldom any necessity for making it correspond in height to the wide opening lead- ing into the living-room. Unless a small transparent opening is left in the pantry door at the height of vision, there is danger where several servants are waiting on table that a tray with its contents will find its way to the floor. The bottom of the door will always be kicked by the waitress attempting, when her hands are full, to open it by her foot. The lower rail should thus never be left white or unpro- tected. A small brass plate about ten inches high will keep it neat looking. If the pantry door is to swing both ways, a great deal of care should be taken in the selection of the hinge on which it revolves, as the difference between a silent and a noisy one may mean the meal spent in comfort or an- noyance. Also hang the door on the same side as the arm with which the waitress pushes and does not carry. The windows, all tightly screened, should open easily, and, if of the casement type, be furnished with such hardware that they may be partially opened. In the placing of them, the furniture again becomes of importance. They are sometimes placed so near together that no space is left for a six-foot sideboard, and no wall space, conveniently near the pantry door for a serving table—or they may occupy such positions that the necessarily large sideboard and china cabinet must be relegated to the corners of the room, where they look cock-eyed instead of ornamental. In opposition to the simplicity and light airiness of the styles which I have recommended come our elaborately fin- ished dining-rooms of the Italian and Elizabethan styles. They are really an applicatien of the general styles of these periods to our dining-room, for in the Renaissance and Tudor days there was no such thing as a dining-room. The en- trance hall, often placed immediately in front of the recep- tion-room, was frequently, in the earlier days of the French palaces, employed for the meals. It was not until the days of Louis XV that a special room was set aside for eating. Moliére picked his chicken with Louis XIV in the latter’s antechamber, and the Italian princes of the sixteenth century drank their wine wherever they were overcome by thirst. 34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS In the French palaces the ‘‘salle des fetes’ and dining- room were one and the same room, the fact of their being used for serving food being only one of their many usages. The meal was preceded by receptions and followed by music, by dancing and other performances. ‘This was the custom both at Versailles and kontainebleau. Likewise the banquet- ing halls, with their high ceilings and galleries, of the earlier days of the great English manor houses, were employed in an entirely different manner from the modern rooms where the family proper generally assembles for its meals several times a day at regular hours. From the ‘‘dining-parlor” of the later Elizabethan period our dining-room has gradually evolved. It is interesting to note that the later Elizabethan dining-rooms, as well as the earlier French rooms, were all so treated in materials and design that they might easily be cleaned. In the English we find, at least along the lower surfaces of the walls, large sur- faces of wooden paneling, and first six or seven feet above these the rough plaster and solemn rows of family portraits. In the French the paneling is delicately painted in white, grays or light greens carried all the way up to the ceiling, the broad surfaces of the paneling ornamented either with paint- ings of appropriate subjects like flower pieces, fruit, game, fish, etc., or the paneling itself decorated with similar appli- cations. Mirrors are generally omitted and wisely, as even the vainest find it trying to see themselves every time they look up during the meal. The French dining-rooms of the eighteenth century, like those of the Chateau de Rambouillet and of Marie Antoinette in the Petit Trianon, are thoroughly admirable and adapted to their purpose, and even if their style and magnificence place them entirely out of considera- tion for the ordinary housebuilder, still they are full of ex- cellent suggestions for the person who is desirous of weigh- ing the problem in even the most modest manner. The artificial lighting of the dining-room should be considered from the first. In this room, in opposition to others, diffused light 1s not desired, but concen- trated. Side brackets may truly be used in the panels or pilasters or surfaces of the side walls, to light the room, but only in a secon- dary capacity. The focus 1s the table, and around or above or on it the light should fall. The huge metal or even crystal chan- delier suspended in several tiers from the ceiling and centering as nearly as pos- sible on the mahogany slab has luckily to a great extent passed. ‘The hostess knows how unbecoming it is to her room, her dinner, and her guests. Placing your light directly on the table, that is, using candles, is unquestion- ably the most successful method of lighting — suc- cessful to the service, the table ornaments, the flowers and the women. ‘The can- dles, if properly shaded, throw the light down upon the silver and porcelain, and January, 1909 do not obstruct the general view or reflect light directly in the faces of those surrounding. In the lighting, as in the other problems presented by the room, the table becomes the general governing factor. Even its outline will be found to modify to a certain extent the general pleasing or inharmonious effect. A round or oval board will always, if widely extended, look best in an oval room, and the correspondence should be similar in a rect- angular one. The table is the keynote of the design, as well as of the hospitality, the sociability and the intimacy of the builder. It must be apparent, therefore, that many other things than architectural exigencies influence and determine the de- sign of the dining-room. No room in the house is so power- fully affected by unarchitectural conditions and matters, and in no room do so many different things have determining weight. The.fact is the dining-room must be begun at the beginning of the house building. Its requirements are not only somewhat exact, but they are absolutely rigid, and in no other room is a departure from the essentials attended with such disaster. It is, therefore, quite impossible to apportion such and such space to the dining-room without a most intimate and careful study of all the conditions. One can not even definitely determine the dimensions best suited to one’s own dining-room if the house is intended for prolonged occu- pancy. ‘The use that may be continuous for a few years, and which may seem to be always available, may quite suddenly prove to be inadequate, and the utmost discomfort may arise from a restricted area that, in the beginning, may have seemed quite adequate. One can not foresee such contingencies, and it may seem unreasonable to suggest them, but at least they point the value of giving as large an area as practicable to the dining-room. A richly furnished and decorated dining-room January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 25 Bamboo in the Occident By Ida D. Bennett HE bamboo signifies happiness. Per se it Meyed ad ‘aa aol ee $3.00 A YEAR The “Royal” Chair **The Push Button Kind’’ CLOCKS is the modern Morris chair, most graceful in design, made of best materials by superior workmanship, and especially pleasing because of the exclusive, patented “‘Royal’’ push button. “Pish the Button-and Rest” In no other chair are such comfort and conveni- ence found combined. The “Royal” has no rod to fall out—you don’t have to get up out of the chair to ad- just the back. By simply pushing the little button, just under the right arm of the chair, you can move the back either up or down, as far as desired, to any of nine comfort- able and restful positions, Made with or with- out footrest. The most useful and ornamental article you can have in your home isa fine Hatt Crock. We make many styles and kinds, with or without chimes. The “‘Banjo,”’ which is so popular for din- ing-room and library, is a most satisfactory clock. We also make a full line of Marble Clocks and Regulators, HERE IS © THE BUTTON If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for new illustrated catalogue. Prices from $10 to $50 ® Footrest Slides Back “Royal’’ Chairs are sold by dealers nearly everywhere. Costs No More Oak or mahogany, upholstered in fabric or leather or hav- Than the Old- ing loose cushions, with or without footrest. Write to-day 5 a for fully illustrated booklet We will tell you where to see Fashioned Kind a ‘‘Royal’’ demonstrated. 200,000 now in use. ROYAL CHAIR CO., 128 CHICAGO AVE., STURGIS, MICHIGAN me Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. @_ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @_ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration is The Architectural Record q| If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a Sample Copy— Free. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO THSC NIA EMEP eC NIAly AUG12 1985 February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | | 4 Loe ae s of interior || decorations found in many old mansions are the deli- cately wrought lighting xtures in pertect armony with their surroundings. A Reproduction reflect- ; ing the same spirit is shown in the accompanying illustration. THE ENOS GOMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures OFFICE AND FACTORY : SALESROOMS : Seventh Ave. & 16th St. 5 West 39th St. NEW YORK Sample and : yp A House Lined with Circular “ @ Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness, g : a Hels es & Co. 94 ores West 34 Correspondence Solicited. BALTIMORE E hae 519 N. Charles Street Cutter bigeae Tae E 2 e oe Neto th and Pe Soe Cox & eee Second Ave. Bos eye U. S. Mineral Wool Co. NO. Neon Mf, Co. Ri CHICAGO = 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY. . — W. K. Cowan & Co., 203 Mich- B33 CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, igan Boulevard SAN FRANCISCO 1748 California Street Sliding Doors Stick ? Ire \ Kitchen . Showing Interlocking Rubber Tiling in Residence of c/Mr. Webb Horton, Middleton, N. Y. The Round Track will prevent your sliding doors from jamming, binding or sticking in the ways. It will prevent the doors from jumping the track or getting out of order. This is what makes the ALLITH **Reliable’’ Parlor Door Hangers the best on the market. They make the slide noiseless, are not affected by the sagging or warping of walls, floors or doors, and can be adjusted without removing strips or stops. If you are going to build a house or remodel your present one, put in sliding doors and hang them on Allith’s ‘Reliable’ Parlor Door Hangers. Every Allith Hanger is guaranteed to give complete satisfaction. Send us your name and address and the name of your architect, and get our latest catalog, with prices,etc., free of charge. Allith Manufacturing Company 2119 West Taylor Street Chicago, Illinois INTERLOCKING | RUBBER, TILING An Ideal Floor Covering for Court Houses, Banking Institutions, Churches, Hospitals, Libraries, Business Offices, Restaurants, Vestibules, Elevators, Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries, Bath- rooms, Steamships and Floating Pro- perty generally. COULTER & WESTHOEF. Architects, Saranac Lake Beautiful Silver Gray and Moss Green, Italian Tile Red, Etc.— These are the artistic colors pro- duced on your Bungalow or Cottage by using DEXTER BROTHERS’ English Shingle Stains We are the original manufacturers of Interlocking Rubber Tiling NEW YORK BELTING ©, PACKING CO., Ltd. 91-93 Chambers Street, NEW YORK CITY No disagreeable odor. CHICAGO, ILL.: 150 Lake Street BOSTON : 232 Summer Street ST. LOUIS, MO.: 218-220 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD.: 114 W. Baltimore Street Samples of colors on wood sent FREE PHILADELPHIA. PA.: 118-120 N. Eighth Street BUFFALO, N. ¥.:600 Prudential Building SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,:; E. 11th St. @ 3d Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.: 913-915 Liberty Avenue Die xtc CoC ace eroad gts boston Blass. Oakland SPOKANE, WASH: 163 S. Lincoln Street AGENTs: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- cago; W S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St.. New York; John D.S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; W.W. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, Pa.; F H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane. Tacoma, Wash.. and Port- land, Ore. ; Klatt-Hirsch & Co., 113 Front St.. San Francisco, Cal. ST POIANA AAA TTANAATAOAATAATAEAA ADAH AANA ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 BURLINGTON “si BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont IF YOU WIS TO SUBSCRIBE to only One Magazine, careful investigation will show you that the should be that one; so thoroughly American is it, so vital and so varied. If, however, you require several, we, as agents, are able to secure for you, as one of our patrons, what you wish, together with the METROPOLITAN, at wonder- fully low rates. We venture to call to your attention a few of these combinations. ae The METROPOLITAN and any one CLASS “A” nee Vou magazine in Class “A” for............... $1.65 American Magazine.................00++ $1.00 The METROPOLITAN and t Children’s Magazine.................... 1.00 ineasines in Class “A” ae Tee $2.30 Cosmopolitan Magazine............... 1.00 °° (_——@___—<_______ll_._nn"''———— Garden Magazine..............0.......0+ 1.00 The METROPOLITAN and any three 2 95 Good Health ..................cccceceeeeee 1.00 magazines in Class “A” for............... e Uncle Remus’s Home Magazine... 1.00 National Food Magazine.............. 1.00 The METROPOLITAN and any one - *Woman’s Home Companion........ 1.25 magazine in Class “A” and any one $3 00 PR eGno = ) COR Pe any Class OB? for: sccss ccs sascvenssscere ces e ° Ic. SS ee oe ied Life ore car The METROPOLITAN and one Class 2 65 fee Rae PARA TORS agp Aldo “A” and one Class “IV” for........... ° Independent. ...........ssssccseseseseeneees 2.00 The METROPOLITAN 4 5 Outing here ee ose igesencestescesoears 3.00 Cl Er and any one in $2 35 GhereSionise ees ene 1,50 _ ass > Deere reeereEreeeeeeeeteeeeeey e ’ rice CLASS IV : pee Vice The METROPOLITAN and any two in $3 70 Pacific Monthlly................cesseeeeeee $1.50 Glass) SS B2% for? .citeiorseteriecenesescssises te e Bhoto=Eravnss: sacceccessceneedeesecuscve vest 1.50 LC epee ae ccc ceccccnccsescceessece 10 The METROPOLITAN and any one in $2 00 World Tartare ee bee eet Oe 1.50 Class IW efor. .se.ccencescestecssenteceeases e SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WORLD’S WORK AND DELINEATOR, $3.00 American’ Education...........:.00sc00sseeeeeteseonsusteceoeseconssecossces $2.00 THE METROPOLITAN with The Housekeeper and the Reliable Poultry Journal............ 1.70 Lippincott’s Magazine.................scceeseceeeeceeceeceeeeeeseeeceeeeens 2.75 SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WOMAN’S HOME COMPANION, McCLURE’S, $2.50 CENTURY. a. ccissdcnocansients onaanacdan slavcsaijexsnesierencese $3.85 finy of the HARPER’S MONTEL sated vcuceReraceseercet ae : 9 F ERARY DIGEST .......50...ecesceccsesessccessseeesseasios Publications in this list LADIES’ HOME JOURNAL. 1.50 MU NSEWYGS 0 aie cesccinccnas sesuccistscsescesasoriceoes cssteceteeecs may be added SCRIBNER'S ccc. cosesisescvecssesentsertteness 3.00 at the price quoted. SATURDAY EVENING POST..................00ceee0 1.50 YOUTH’S COMPANION. ..............csscsccseceececeeees 1.75 THE METROPOLITAN jj THE METROPOLITAN EVERYBODY ’G............ $2 50 WORLD’S WORK......... $3 2 THE DELINEATOR...... © EVERYBODY’G........... © * Twenty-five cents must be added to all clubs containing W’oman’s Home Companion if ordered after February 1st, 1909 On account of our special arrangement with the publishers of the various magazines, we are in a Position to quote prices to you far below those which would ordinarily be given to you, so if you do not find in the above clubbing offers the combination which you desire, write to us exactly what you wish and we will quote you the lowest possible price for such a combination. METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE AGENCY Dept. A, 7 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK CITY THIS OFFER CANCELS AND TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER ALL PREVIOUS OFFERS MADE BY US —— SSS == =e. PULVERIZED { anda ||. Riotof Wonderful Bloom \ in the Garden \ will come surely and quickly if Wizard Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is used ! for top-dressing and mulching in the Spring. One barrel equals two wagon | loads barnyard manure. Is easy and cleanly, to apply and brings no weed hi seeds. ———SS—S== > —— eS ee > iG \ | $422 per barrel, freight prepaid ==" Fast of Missouri River. Cash | | with order, Write for quantity prices and descriptive matter. The Pulverized Manure Co. No. 2! Stock Yards A) Chicago, III. W" § 5 Grapevines $1.00 Strong, Hardy, Three -year-old Vines Any five of the following well-known varieties: (Red)—Brighton, Delaware, Lindley. (White)—Niagara, Diamond, Pocklington. (Black)—Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early, Wilder. These vines will grow anywhere and will bear the year after planting. We guarantee them to beas rep- resented or money refunded. We also offer 10 strong, hardy, two-year-old vines for $1.00. This is a remarkable collection of grapevines at an exceedingly low price. Order now,vines will be shipped proper time to plant. With every order we send our valuable book how to plant, cultivate and prune. Grapes are easily grown and should be in every garden. T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY Grape Vine Specialists FREDONIA, N. Y. Established 42 Years Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. FAiscoent Sa CLEVELAND, OHIO GREGORYS Gregory’s Seed Book—FREE to everyone who writes for a copy. Itis full of practical instruction. One of the most valuable books for farmers and gardeners ever given away. J.J. H. Grecory & Son Marblehead, Mass. PREVENTS ,DRAFTS, DusT AND WINDOW RATTLING. Hil IVES’ PATENT h Window Stop Adjuster. IEAVY BED PATENTED. : The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free.) February, 1909 It’s the Wear you get out of a roofing that proves and is the only permanent roofing with permanent colors. “‘To have your roof last— Use Ruberoid Roofing first’’ its economy and its value— not the price you pay per roll. Cheap roofings are dear at any price. They cost ten times more for repairs than you could possibly save on their original cost— and they don’t last. TRADE MARK REQ. U. S. PAT. OFFICE ROOFING is the most economical roofing you can use because it will outlast any other. It is moderate in price, costs less than metal or shingles, and is weatherproof, waterproof and fire- resisting. It is made in Red, Brown, Green and Slate Color Write for Samples and Booklet No. 15 THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY 100 WILLIAM STREET NEW YORK Philadelphia Memphis Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Boston “REECO” ELECTRIC PUMP Goes with Your Electric Light (or without) We are now installing, just as fast as our manu- facturing facilities can supply the demand, our new electric pumps for private water supply. They range in size from a capacity sufficient for the requirements of the largest apartment- house, or stock-farm, to the minimum, which suffices for the needs of the country cottage. Ease and economy of operation place these pumps in a class by themselves. The absence of fire or fuel does away with personal care, making their action automatic, while their con- struction is such, that they are operated by very ittle power; you simply attach a wire to the source of supply for your electric light, and the pressing of a button starts and stops your electric pump. Your pump may work just as Be sure that the name you purchase. This against worthless imitations. “RECCO” - ELECTRIC When so situated that you cannot personally inspect long, and not a moment longer, than may be required, hence there is no waste of power. These pumps may be installed wherever a trolley line runs and, of course, wherever there is a public or private electric lighting plant. In point of simplicity, convenience, and labor- . wee (77 29 4 saving qualities, the Reeco” Electric Pump is a marvel; it is a wonderful demonstration of one of the many and varied applications of electricity to practical every-day uses. Is the electric light more convenient in your home than the lamp or candle? You will find that the “‘Reeco” Electric Pump bears the same relation to the hand pump and “‘old oaken bucket,’’ in its convenience and the additional household comfort which it supplies. appears upon the pump name protects you the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co. Write for Catalogue E 35 Warren Street, New York 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P Q. 22 Pitt Street, Sydney. N S. W AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “DEFIANCE” Wood-Working Machinery For Pattern Shops and General Wood-Work Invented © Built by THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO For Garden and Home Flower Pots Sun Dials Jardinieres Statuary Benches Flower Boxes Fountains Ferneries Strength Durability and Beauty Artistic designs and superior workmanship, with carefully selected and properly burned clay, assure individuality in all Galloway pro- ductions. ‘The kind that add character to your house and grounds. Write for book ‘‘Garden and House Terra Cotta, ’’ illustrated with copper engravings of choice examples of the potter’s art. William Galloway outta HE most modern, and _ best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms Better than City Gas or Elec- tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 MAKING A COUNTRY HOME pa ke £5 Y, By E. P. Powell | SN ey I. THE FLOWERS ES OF Ser papa i HE tide that is moving out of the city W\/-\GE = R Ss U - P LY SINT Altes not help making many mistakes, by s , ae investing in property that they can not subdue, and in planting unwisely at the out- set. A few acres to start with will always be ; i ty. . better than a farm of the old sort. Intensive A F al / \ farming will make more from five acres than rozen Paha" extensive farming from fifty. However, I do i AL not propose to handle this question of profit Elevated Tank ja + so much as the initial work in making a home. Ger uitlli u i I have seen a good deal of trouble and dissatis- faction from undertaking too much. I will ~sremnsiihanagsiaeatiasian: tt tracaet-tmmenceminanmtinntNiisisissewpiiaadseneneisicins This illustration is reproduced from an actual photograph of a frozen ele- vated tank at Libertyville, Ill., owned - De A yj} | use special _caution in the way of providing by the C. & M. Electric R. R. Co. From j - lists of fruits and flowers for those who are the solo inets ee by A. We EO a aes AA] | beauty, without too much work, I would ice and all frozen up. The first tank was A EY. 5 ' ; | | plant the following six sorts of flowers: destroyed by fire, by trying to thaw it out : i or Bie ip : s S ° and it was burned to the ground.” j gee \ - (1) I would have all the tulips I could afford This undesirable condition can be en- || =e ; ee} | to get, although if one buys one hundred sorts tirely avoided. There is a watersupply ame ee an ee | they can be multiplied so rapidly that within puso in nich the Poe eane” reer if aa | | a few years he may have them by the hundred. see peeeey ow or collapse. at sys- zi SRE My own method of growing tulips is to thrust them into the strawberry rows, about four inches deep, and let them take care of them- The Kewanee System of Water Supply | selves. They will send up their flowers mag- nificently in April and May, and get out of In the Kewanee System, the tank is buried in the ground or located in the cellar. | the way before the strawberries begin to de- It rests on solid ground where it can do no damage and it is not exposed to extremes in velop. They will not weaken the soil nor do weather. Water from your owe well, cistern or other source, is pumped into the any harm, but when you come to pick the ewanee Tank; and then the water is delivered to the | henri : | : perrie ere will nothin §) fixtures and hydrants by air pressure. Aa pat: alle thing left but some _ TheC. &M. Electric R. R. Co. mentioned above |) Meg StaNss. is now using four Kewanee Systems, and these plants (2) A country home needs a large array en eae satisfactory service. of easily grown lilies. The madonna or here are over 9800 Kewanee Systems in successful operation. 1 1 ] These plants are supplying water for country and suburban homes, candidum lily 1s best of all, both a for pe hee schools, country clubs, hotels, apartment build- its superb fragrance and its multitudinous : the Kewance System is the oreinal water supply system, invol- blossoms. It begins to open early in June, ving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. Thereare | 1 = imitations now—avoid them. Get the genuine and you will take no and continues for BUCS of that month, Al chances—we guarantee that. Look for our trade mark and name most as easily grown are the lancifolium or plates on tank and pumping machinery. J lili R b h T 5 1 No charge for expert engineering service. Let us heip you solve J apanese Iilles. fates er t at ami Se Lect- your water supply problem. Write for our sixty-four page illustrated ing only those things that will cause little catalog No. 36 It is free. 5 O . work and give great satisfaction. These two Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. lilies will grow in any garden soil, and having 1566 Hudson Terminal Building, 50 Church St.. New York City. = 710 Dismmend Bank Building, PRtsbuces Pe: been planted need not be disturbed for three 1212 Marquette Building. Chicago. or four years—only do not put any manure around the roots. The old tiger lily, the sin- gle variety (and not the double, which is ugly), is so easily grown in almost any soil that it Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS should be counted into this list. It really is a is a necessity ob MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- very refined flower, although very old-fash- ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. ioned. The canadense or meadow lily is For nearly sixty-five years the another that does marvelously well with very little care. You can find them in low mead- S Cc i e n t i fi Cc A m e r l Cc a n ows, and near water courses, frequently very plentifully. Plant them quite deep, at least has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress six or eight inches, and they will make a fine made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. Sees eee ; rowth an n : n Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD'S PROGRESS q t d a cant a es a d in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to ard usage will not kill out these varieties. the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains If you have a shady place where the soil is authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. deep and loamy you can grow without any Subscription price, $3.00 per year. special care the gold banded or auratum. The Season’s Best Club Combinations Keep away manure and plant not less than Scientific American or American Scientific American or American } ten inches deep; then let them alone. Most of Homes and Gardens............... 3.00 q Homes and Gardens | our lilies only want the grass and weeds kept Review of Reviews .............0...5 3.00 $4.45 McClure’s Magazine... poh t.!0 $5.35 f h $6.00 \ Review of Reviews ..... pease ue) eae them. ‘ * Aes: Scientific American or American } ae A 3 oses everybody must have, an o jatiomes and Gardens... $3.00 Selentific A merica nor Seca not see why anybody may not grow a lot of World's Work. 3.00 ; $6.80 Wonlalsiwer! $5.10 them. Some of the very best ask for little Every body/s\ Magazine ie. orn | care, only give them a-plenty to eat. Roses 7 Sclcntific’areate ete Ane : Scientific American or American __ want rich soil. Always buy those that grow Homes and Gardens .............. $3.00 VME PEER eT $4,60 on their own roots, without grafting. I could very Dory 8 Masaine aa 150 $5.35 | Woman's Home Companion... ae make out a list of fifty or one hundred sorts, _ $7.50 After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina: and not step over the line of hardy, thrifty tions including Woman’s Home Companion. plants, but you do not want anything of this MUNN @ CO., 361 Broadway, New York City kind. A dozen to start with will be quite enough. I would make my list begin with February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v Killarney, Richmond, General MacArthur, the Cochet roses, the Soupert roses, Balduin, Augusta Victoria, and President Carnot. If I were in Florida I should let nothing take precedence of Marechal Neil, and now in my garden there hardly anything surpasses Gains- borough and Etoile de France, but in the North I do not get from these as good results. Where the climate is very severe one must select his roses from the hybrid perpetuals and the hybrid teas. Out of these select General Jacqueminot, Jubilee, Magna Charta, Paul Neyron, Mrs. Laing, Clio, Ulrich Brunner. Over your porch Climbing Meteor, Mrs. Robert Peary, and Clothilde Soupert will be enough to start with, and they are all superb. Besides a much larger planting of select roses I find that I can not get on happily without some of the old-fashioned sorts. “These can be planted near your fences, or constitute a hedge by your currant patch. Get the damask and the cabbage and the Scotch at any rate. (4) Another plant that you may lay in freely is the hardly phlox. It begins to blos- som just as the roses are through, and the profusion of bloom is as delightful as the fra- grance. New seedlings will come up every year, and if you will save these, or some of them, you will have in a few years hundreds of novelties, of great beauty, and all entirely hardy. The phlox blossoms all through July and August and September. If you will cut down the stalks after blooming others will come up and blossom still later. It is a royal everybody’s flower; it will do its best in rather poor soil, only it wants plenty of water; and in dry seasons, is not conspicuously beautiful. For additional perennials you will find peren- nial larkspur very satisfactory. It takes pretty good care of itself, does not like too much shade and sends up splendid stalks of richest blue, from three to five feet high. I am tempted to add clove pinks, although these, while hardy, are inclined to give out for causes you can not discover. But is there anything finer than a bunch of clove pinks or clove carnations, either in the hand or in the room? If you have a brook along which you can grow water- cress, sow with it some forget-me-not. ‘This darling blue flower has just the right name. A little frail plant has persisted in coming up in my garden for over half a century. It is a bunch of spray with delicate flowers, and called fumatory. Get it into your grounds if you can. It is the very best basis for a dish bouquet I have ever seen. I shall step over my limits a little in adding sweet williams, for they do make a good deal of trouble if grown in beds. But sow the very best seed in your lawns under shrubs, and the sweet william will become a very persistent sum- mer visitor. (5) Annuals you cannot bother with at the outset, and yet there are a few of them that must be included. First of all and fairest are the sweet peas. I will tell you how they make the least possible trouble and are the surest to respond. Plant them very early in the spring in trenches five inches deep, in rich garden soil, and, as they grow, gradually fill up around them with rich compost (not fresh manure.) “There are new sorts sent out every year, and I advise you to select a half dozen of the best new ones to start with, then add a few of the very best each year. The easiest way that I have found for training sweet peas is on wire trellis or chicken wire. Something that is five or six feet high at the least. Then pick the flowers as fast as they come if you want them to keep on coming. Give away huge bunches, and thousands more will appear. The nasturtium, or tropeolum, is my hobby. While most flowers like rich soil this one does best on the poorest. If too highly fed it runs to vine and not to flower. It is not only one of the most floriferous plants in existence, but + : {” g Baths and Lavatories The enduring permanency of these beautiful fix- } tures spells an end to bathroom annoyances. ~> They are, everywhere, the preferred sanitary equipment of practical, health-loving people. ‘ Send for | | _.. Our Book “Our beautifully illustrated book, “Modern Bath- ~ rooms,’ willshow youhow crease the actual cash value of your house, at the same time making of it'a room 2 as permanently healthful — & and invitingly attractive as ines any other in your home. Write for your copy today. . * => ? a most economically to equip p ‘a your bathroom,in sucha : T a4 way, as to matenally ine : ‘ae ae ig Wj t j . Enclose six cents post- { x - age and vive us name ~~ \iea lee of your architect and RG | plumber (if selected.) b a 5 a & ae i, ee eS eee errs R lads cca Address, Standard Sanitary ‘Mf.Co. Dept.23. Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. Offices and showrooms in New York: Stattdatd” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street.. Louisville: 325-329 West Main Street. Pittsburgh: New Orleans: Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. London, Eng. : 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C, 949 Penn Ave. Cleveland: 648-652 Huron Road. S. E. z He gE Artistic antels {] Our Catalogues con- tain 130 designs, includ- ing Mission, Colonial, White, Mahogany and Oak. Everything, from the very cheapest to the best. q Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. @ Catalogue and Special Designs sent on receipt of 25c. in postage. The Geo. W. Clark Co. Unity Building Clark Building Chicago, III. Jacksonville, Fla. Factory, Knoxville, Tenn. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 Look Into The Door Did you ever stop to think just why some doors stick, warp, shrink, open at the joints and are always causing trouble? You would not buy a watch without looking at the works. The works of a door are just as important to its performance as the works of a watch. organ Doors are beautiful and durable—they are con- structed so that they will never warp, twist, open at the joints, stick or cause any door trouble—they are not heavy or unwieldly—they are beautiful on the outside and have durability built into them. Look at the works of a Morgan Door—the illustration shown is a cross section of a one and three-quarters inch door, flush molded, two sides with one-half inch, five-ply panel. Note the several layers with the grain running cross-wise—these layers after all moisture has been eliminated are glued together with the very best veneer glue under powerful hydraulic pressure. This makes shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong, absolutely perfect in construction and express substantial refinement in every line. They are veneered in all varieties of hard wood, birch, plain or quarter sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” as a guarantee of quality, style, durability and satisfaction. In our new book “The Door Beautiful” we show Morgan Doors in their natural color and tell you why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any kind of building. Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found n Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, IIl. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Md. STEEL CEILINGS For Effectively Decorating All Kinds of Rooms YOU CAN GET THEM IN * { Appropriate Designs for Residences, Business Rooms, Auditoriums, Etc. q Largest and most complete line of artistic STEEL Ceilings in existence. Covers the field sO completely you can get just what is required, whether bold or elaborate designs or some- thing comparatively simple. | wate for free catalcg "Plants and Plans for Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- tects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illus- trations showing the latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS EXTRACT FROM PREFACE HE author has endeavored to include characteristic designs in vogue to- day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of ap- plying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical re- quirements of commercial life. The au- thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK “7; 5% | Beautiful Surroundings’ gy Full of invaluable information, illustrations of SM] flowers and beautiful lawns. It shows how the (4) modest as well as the most extensive grounds can i easily be made charming and attractivee There | faq is nothing more pleasing and delightful to Ef cultured taste than artistic and properly planted @ grounds. Write us to-day. cco Wagner Park Conservatories Box 423 Sidney, Ohio ews, BUNGALOW CRAFT Latest and best book of Bungalow lans, inside and out. Large, clear and practical. Copiously illustrated. Cost and description of each house. Indispensable to every home builder. Houses from $350 to $3,000. $1.00 postpaid. Sample pages, 10c. H.A. EYMANN, LosAngeles,Cal. 403 Chamber of Commerce St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md. F. Weber & Co. 1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 2142 a0 at —— Fr = aia ~~ =the Ea % = SSS) =, SS ae ‘“‘FABRIANO'' Hand-Made Drawing Pa Superior to any other hand-made Baoan ae F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes and Materials F CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA BRISTOL'S RECORDING THERMOMETERS q Before buying a Steel Ceiling of any description, get full details of Berger's “Classik.” ASK FOR CATALOG D-64 The Berger Mfg. Co., Canton, Ohio Ney,Yerk,,,Philadelphis Boston Chicago make continuous records of atmos- heric temperatures, and are designed or both indoor and outdoor tempera- tures. Send for new catalogues. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN NEW YORK Minneapolis San Francisco b Branches CHICAGO February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS one of the most wholesome; delicious in the house as it is delightful in the bed. You can not get too many of them. I shall add pansies, although they will give you some trouble and teach you a lot of lessons. Planted out from your hotbeds very early in the spring they will give their best flowers when it is quite cold weather; then they will die down in the heat of the summer, and you must have another lot ready to set out for autumn blooming. There are three of the annuals that I grow scattered about my grounds almost anywhere. Get the Drummond phlox and coreopsis and the an- nual larkspur into your grounds, and see that they are not all hoed up, and you will get a splendid chance for brilliant bouquets. The larkspurs are blue and white, the coreopsis yellow, and Drummond phlox of all shades. Mignonnette will generally reappear in the same way. Bachelors’ button is a fine old- fashioned thing and I think you can afford to give it room. (6) One or more flowers should be selected each year for a hobby. I found great satis- faction in growing dahlias for several years. I originated a fine set of seedlings of the cactus order, before they became popular. ‘There is no limit to the sporting of this flower from seed. Buy a half dozen of the choicest show doubles; give these rich, deep garden soil, with plenty of water and sunshine, and you will get splendid seed for experiments. The dahlia makes considerable trouble, because it has to be dug for winter. Dig on a dry day, dry off the bulbs under a shed for a week, then store in a dry cellar that will not freeze. The gladiolus has been a hobby of mine from the time the gandavensis had its first evolution. You can indulge in a thousand bulbs or bulb- lets, or half that number, and sow them in a trench of good soil three inches deep. If you get the ramosus sorts they will endure the coldest winters, and multiply without care— only you will have to thin them out occasion- ally. I tried seedlings also and had fine suc- cess. A third hobby to indulge in from time to time should be hollyhocks. “These can be planted along the edge of your corn field. In fact, if you get them well established they will sow themselves, and then can be hoed out where not wanted. I do not know anything finer than an avenue of hollyhocks running along through your fruit garden, or a border for your vegetable garden. “The old-fashioned singles are better than the new-fangled doubles any day, but try both. I am inclined to add one more to this list of hobbies, although the carnations do make considerable work. “They must be carefully covered in the winter with stuff that will not rot them, or they must be dug up and stored in a light room and oc- casionally watered. The clove carnation is about as good, and sweeter, and hardy. I do not advise anyone to do much in the way of bedding plants, but if big show is wanted a mass of geraniums (doubles are best) will do it quickly. For effect at a dis- tance cannas beat everything. In Florida I have a wild flower called the Cherokee bean that makes the grandest masses of crimson scarlet that I ever saw. It blossoms from the first of January well into the middle of May. A good substitute for this in the North is the Oriental poppy, a magnificent perennial that cpens its flowers seven or eight inches broad through the month of May. After blooming it soon dies down and is out of sight. It is a very good plant to use in a chrysanthemum bed or a canna bed, for early display. If you are of a quiet disposition and want something to fall in love with, grow verbenas. But I am surely running over my limits in naming some things that the home maker must not start out with. All these hobbies can come in as the (Continued on page xiv) THE EASILY LAID ROOF. Every Architect will realize that, other ae being ei the easily laid roof is for two reasons ‘fe most sears It Saves Time—When any candy, man can be putat the job there's no need to wait until this or that skilled mechanic is finished GER Se else. {t Saves Money —You don’t need nigh priced men, and even at equal wages the CORTRIGHT METAL SHINGLE ROO Instead of other considerations being equal, however, the CORTRIGHT METAL e won't attempt to name all its points of superiority here, but gone that the saving in labor is a large item. HINGLE ROOF has every form of roofing completely out-classed. ae drop usa card. We'll send you complete proof of all our claims. PHILADELPHIA CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO. Note:—All genuine Cortright [etal Shingles bear the stamp ‘‘CORTRIGHT, Reg. U. S. Pat. Of.” New Papers on Concrete Reinforced Concrete Concrete Building Blocks Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly ‘describes the proper com- position and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, and their applications. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced concrete. Nothing better has been published. Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical notes on the proper preparation of concrete are given. Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a critical review of the engineering value of re inforced concrete, Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED /for $3.40 Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & CO., Publishers, sroa5way, New York City CHICAGO Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 give a resumé in which the various systems of reinforced concrete construction are discussed and illustrated. Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analysed. Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of success 1n concrete block manufacture, illus- trated. Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- tion and use for farm purposes. The paper ex- haustively discusses the making of mortar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- able suggestions on the selection of Portland cement for concrete blocks. discusses concrete aggregates. I will send you my complete plans and catalog, prepaid, for only 25 cents to cover cost. Worth Dollars to you H. M. SHEER, 464 HAMPSHIRE STREET, QUINCY, ILL $9 Take off your Hato. ASB | yf NTL Write for Circulars if i and Prices to A} F.E. Myers & Bro 7 ERS Ashland, Ohlo H AY a but TOOLS "tsi A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York One Policy Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, One System built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Universal Service Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. * Belg WASHINGTON: ROSSLYN SUPPLY CO., COLORADO BUILDING Sa Cees Ate Hares SEATTLG: Lt. A. MORRIS, 909 MASA BUILDING HOW ARE THE BEAMS HEI WHERE THEY ABUT THEIR SUPPORTS? FIREPROOFING DEPARTMENT CellingsH = ALBERT OLIVER 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK Rufus Red, Registered, and Pedigreed Stock For Sale. Send three 2-cent stamps for Illustrated Catalogue. Are they~ Cut Away~ by Framing ? Pleasant Ridge Rabbitry Cor. Dudley St. & Hampton Ave. Station B LONG BRANCH, N. J. Do You Depend Merely on Spiking ? The Best Way is to Use American : Homes and Gardens Our Joist Hangers. Ae adh aia : Scientific American Regularly $6 LANE BROS. CO} Conzisacs) sovcameubae wee To one =$ by: per year OR oe wee don < ea? Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year SuNSET, NorTH Fork, JAMEs RIVER, East Lexington, Virginia MontTuty ComMMeNT—The Old and the New-in the Country NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—The House of C. P. Searle, Esq., at Ipswich, Massachusetts. ; By Barr Ferree Hanp-Mapbe RuGs, THE REVIVAL OF AN OLtp HAnpicraFr....By Mabel Tuke Priestman THREE Types OF GAMBREL Roor Houses +... By Paul Thurston PLANT BREEDING THE DINo COLLECTION OF HisroriIc ARMOR By Isabel R. Wallach THE Use oF ANESTHETICS FOR PLANTS By S. Leonard Bastin A Few NEGLECTED FRuITsS By E. P. Powell A SEVENTEENTH CENTURY HOMESTEAD By Alice M. Kellogg A Woop GARDEN By Phebe Westcott Humphreys NATURE’sS TRAPS By Charles F. Holder Tue Country SEAT OF CHARLES S. Brown, Esa., Mount Kisco, NEw York. By Charles Chauncey A New Meruop oF HOousEKEEPING By Rosika Schwimmer Tue New SEED TESTING STATION IN PARIS By Jacques Boyer CORRESPONDENCE: PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING By dlice M. Kellogg GARDEN Work AsBout THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay Making of a Country Home: I. The Flowers. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President = 5 - - FREDERICK CONVERSE. BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York (Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the wmiters desire the return of their copy. BIUIBITA, “uO}SUIX9"] ysey] ‘IOATYT sowef *y1O.7 YON qesung AMERICAN Number 2 The hall in the house of C. P. Searle, Esq., at Ipswich, Massachusetts 44 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 Monthly Comment The Old and the New in the Country 2 O “butter-in’” was ever so uncomfortable or so much in the way as the newcomer who | N s%] ventures to purchase a rural property in 7 Seth Alene In building a home in the city or country, ask yourself first WHAT MATERIAL? NVESTIGATE wood, brick and stone. Set down the advantages and disadvantages of each, but do not, for your own interest, forget to investigate CONCRETE Definition: Concrete is a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand and some form of Portland Cement. The success of concrete construction depends upon the quality of the cement. ORTLAND means a kind of cement. It — of everyone who owns a home, large or small, does not mean quality. ‘‘Atlas’’ does. | or who expects to build one. The name of Atlas Portland Cement, made in but this is ““Concrete Construction about TRADE MARK the Home and on the Farm.’’ It will be sent to anyone on receipt of + cents to pay delivery charges. Write for it today. Investigate before you begin /m@ to build or rebuild. You have no idea Portland cements. Whether you live of the number of things you can do in the city or country, whether you with concrete made from pure Atlas live on a farm or a country estate, the png gustasgoop Portland Cement until you have read one grade; a name to remember; a brand to insist upon. It has purity and uniformity, two qualities that are absolutely essential and which pro- § duce results obtainable from few importance of concrete to you and, this book. A large book on Con- therefore, the importance of Atlas Portland crete Country Residences, with many designs Cement cannot be over-estimated. and floor plans of houses made with concrete, We have a book that should be in the hands sent for 25 cents. THE ATLAS porttans CEMENT COMPANY --rt10 SO Broad Street, New York peo AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1909 “GELLIAN Court’: The Casino and Pergola Inclosing the Garden MonTHLY COMMENT—What Are You Going to do About It? NOTABLE AMERICAN Homes—The Country Seat of Emil Berolzheimer, Esq., Tarrytown, New York By Barr Ferree Roses FOR WINTER By Edith B. Welsh HoMEs oF AMERICAN ARTISTS—An Artist’s Home in Rose Valley By Ralph de Martin THE ROADWAY AND THE GROUNDS By John Carey Edwards GrANT LEAVEs By 8. Leonard Bastin 103 THe Compost HEap By Ida D. Bennett 106 THE RESIDENCE OF FRIEND A. Russ, Esa., ‘Rock RInGE,’? GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT. By Francis Durando Nichols 107 By Mabel Tuke Priestman 110 112 tie By Jacques Boyer 114 THE COLONIAL RESIDENCE OF J. RANDALL WILLIAMS, EsQ., HAVERFORD, PENNSYLVANIA. By Paul Thurston 117 CORRESPONDENCE: PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg xii By Charles Downing Lay xii Making of a Country Home: II. The Vegetable Garden. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American .Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York (Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the wniters desire the return of their copy. uapies ou] Busou ejo81ed pue oulsed oy} : | YNO> UeIT[Ear) , | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3 2s 2. qi i} t ELLE “ Gellian Court” : the piazza overlooking the terrace has true classic character 84 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 Monthly Comment What Are You Going to Do About It ? JE RY presently the entire country side every- where will be alive with people, hunting in couples, in threes, in whole families, per- ‘ sonally or with trusted friends, hunting, hunting for that most desirable of human possessions, a home! ‘The expeditions set out at all hours and extend in every direc- tion. The most likely as well as the most unlikely places are searched, scanned, examined and investigated. The litera- tures of the real estate owners and home promoters are studied with avidity, and many anxious days consumed in testing the realities of the descriptions by personal examina- tions of the alleged sites of future happiness and well being. ‘The more fortunate set out on their travels in automobiles; some pursue their journeys in wagons, often of an archaic style; others still make their researches afoot and often have a most uncomfortable time in doing so. The annual hegira to the country is about to begin, and those whose lives have been stifled for years in the cities are about to seek a free quota of the air to be inhaled for the rest of their lives. Ir is curious that this annual upheaval should be quite dis- tinctly a sign of spring. ‘The country is not at its best in March; on the contrary, it is decidedly at its worst. ‘The whole winter, with its devastating effects, is behind, and the healing touch of warmth and sunshine has not yet made itself felt. Presently the new season will open up, and when the spring has fairly opened, there is no region so enchanting as the countryside, with its fields springing into green, its bud- ding trees, its early flowers, its new unfolding life, at once so mysterious and so stimulating! It is the finest part of the year, the most charming and most delightful, and to those who first see the country at this period of the year it must appear as a region of unnumbered joys, of gentle peace and quietude, a place, in short, not only to relax one’s tired nerves in, but the place of all places in which to live. AND this 1s perfectly true. There is no place like the coun- try, no region that offers so much and provides so boun- teously. But no pleasure needs to be approached with greater care. It is a well recognized fact that in the tem- perate zone, and especially in the northerly latitudes, the year is divided into four seasons. ‘The gentle winds of spring pass into the torrid heat of midsummer that, in its turn, gives way to a brilliantly illuminated fall. For each of these periods the country offers activenesses that the most agree- able of cities can not, for a moment, compete with. ‘Then ‘comes the death of the year we know as winter. The almanacs may divide the twelve months into four equal parts of three each, but be assured that if, by good luck, the winter keeps to its own particular three, they are very apt to seem as long as any other five or six months one ever lived through or had acquaintance with. Yet if one is to live in the coun- try for the entire year—as many people must do—these winter months are the real test of the joy of country life and the true criterion by which its success must be measured. THE promoters of the sale of country real estate are in- terested solely in the question of sales. ‘Their literature, to be true, is eloquent as to the value of country life and homes, but these are purely academic questions with these good folk, whose entire interest in life—at the moment—is to sell land, exactly as other people devote themselves to the sale of dress goods, or the distribution of imitation jewelry—for a price. These excellent dealers are fully alive to the drawbacks of dangers and difficulties. a winter in the country, and have a hibernating period of their own, like the bears, bees, squirrels and other animals of like habit. But the spring they have appropriated to them- selves, and their invitations to the countryside are never so alluring as at this season. It is good business, no doubt, but those who buy in the spring, and have never passed a winter in the country, are not actually alive to what is before them, nor are they aware of the discomforts that even in the most agreeable of country regions is bound to beset them. If one has had no experience with country life, it will be found to be a good thing to pass a few days or a week in a rural region before deciding that one is fitted for this mode of existence. THE country offers so much that one is embarrassed by the multitude of openings and activities it seems to present. Quite a number of most excellently disposed persons have written books telling what an ingenious person may accom- plish in the country, how little he can live for, how self- supporting he may make his place, how idealistic is this style of life. No doubt these things are true, for they are care- fully set down in handsomely printed books published by reputable houses. Yet nothing could be more delusive or ensnaring than much of this literature. Every form of coun- try industry is attended with expense, anxieties and the likeli- hood of failure. ‘The seeds you plant may germinate and start, and all sorts of catastrophies intervene before the culminating period, when there may be nothing worth culmi- nating. Your chickens will gorge themselves with food that you must pay for, and then suddenly cease to lay, or contract a disease that will run through the whole flock. As for the larger animals the perils they are subject to are so dishearten- ing that it is best not to think of them. Even the care of a lawn involves labor, and the simplest of flowers will not bloom without planting and care. Ir is true enough that many people will make a living on an acre of ground or even less; it is true that comfort and luxury can often be accumulated in the country and directly from the soil. But it is the hardest possible kind of work. It means unremitting care, constant attention, an early getting out of bed and an exhausted body that seeks repose with work half done, and more to do to-morrow than has been accomplished to-day. Moreover, it does not follow that because one man has made a success of country living that all men can do so, or most men. Do not some achieve colossal fortunes in the stock market or in the manufacture of steel? Yet these are the exceptions and not the rule, and the average man has as many chances of failure in these brilliant fields as has his more humble prototype in the countryside. Wuart, then, are you going to do about it? It is a problem quite terrible in its complexity and beset with all sorts of There is but one single word of general advice that can be given, and that is to go slowly. The establishment of a country home is not a lottery in which one may take a chance and perhaps survive disaster. The disaster, when it comes—if it does come—is apt to be serious and disheartening. It is always possible to buy coun- try real estate; it is a very different matter to sell it. One may move out into the country, but it is not so easy to return. One may enjoy the spring, the summer and the fall, but the winter may freeze the very marrow in one’s bones, and entail discomforts, expenses and sicknesses that, in the warmly glowing days of the springtime, were not only never thought of, but seemed utterly impossible and irreducibly remote. March, 1909 ELLIAN COURT” occupies the compara- tively modest area of about twenty acres among the hills of Tarrytown-on-the-Hud- son, a beautiful village so close to the city of New York as to be almost literally a metropolitan suburb. It is a place of rare charm, a site beautiful in itself, treated and developed in a highly interesting manner. Much of the original growth of trees has been cleared away and the land newly planted with fruit trees and many plants and shrubs. Here and there a few fine old trees still remain, chiefly elms and chestnuts, while the remoter parts are heavily wooded with the mixed growth which is characteristic of the high- jands of the Hudson. The grounds are inclosed within a high wall, near one end of which is the entrance to the serpentine drive by which the house is reached. The mansion is close to the southern edge of the property, scarce more than two hundred feet from the roadway. The site on which it stands is by no means the highest within the estate, but it is sufficiently high to permit of good drainage in every direction. The entrance driveway passes beneath the porte cochére and is thence continued to the stable beyond the house. The mansion is built of local granite from an old quarry, and is a stone that easily lends itself ft the JLtalian style in which this building was de- signed by its archi- tects, Messrs. Janes & Leo, of New York. The roofs of Spanish tiles consti- tute an integral part in the color scheme of the exterior. Entering the house from beneath the porte cochére admission is gained to the entrance hall through a vestibule. This hall is a stately and dignified apart- ment, octagonal in plan and sur- mounted with a domed ceiling. The mosaic floor has a patterned border and the walls are in imitation Caen stone. The architec- Cea se, Wis Nn — t io AVE? Oe Sy POVEEINVCAN -FLOMES AND GARDENS 85 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Gellian Court:” the Country Seat of Emil Berolzheimer, Esq., Tarrytown, New York tural treatment is simple but expressive. A somewhat severe cornice is upheld by Roman Doric columns that are engaged in the corners of the octagon. A marble bench stands before the domed niche, and a Roman table, likewise of marble, occupies the center of the room. ‘The electric lights are hidden behind the cornice at the base of the dome and form a highly effective method of lighting. To the left is the living-hall, one end of which is filled with the main staircase. The lower part of the walls, to about the height of seven feet, have a paneled wainscoting painted with white enamel, with which all of the woodwork of this room is treated. Above the wainscot the walls are covered with yellow brocaded silk. ‘The ceiling is beamed, and, like the woodwork, is white. The fireplace has facings and hearth of buff brick and an overmantel of Caen stone. The stairway, which is completely open to the hall, is built with broad landings and has white enameled balusters and treads and a mahogany rail. The floor is of hard wood, on the center of which is laid a great rug. The color scheme is extraordinarily bright and cheerful, as necessarily follows from the combination of white and yellow, the prevailing colors cf the apartment. Dae | A shady resting place beneath the trees 86 Further on, but immediately ad- joining the — living-hall, breakfast-room. It is nearly square in plan, and is lighted by windows that open on to the ter- race, which extends com- pletely across the garden front of the house. The woodwork is painted green and white, and the walls are covered with green grass-cloth. On the furthest side is a doorway that leads to the dining-room, which occupies the further corner of the house, and is a spacious rectangular apartment designed in the Colonial style. The woodwork is enamel, with mahogany doors. There is a high paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with blue striped paper. In the corners are china cabi- nets, which constitute a part of the wainscoting; they are cleverly arranged with broken curved pediments and latticed glazed doors. The ceiling is beamed in squares, and is supported by a substantial cornice; is the French 0 Rropopenonan> / Zn AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Gal March, 1909 nnn’. —_ —_— = TLowens Siena marble with an elaborately paneled overmantel. The furni- ture is mahogany. The end of the room overlooking the garden is almost completely filled with windows; in the cen- \ ter are \ great ~ slaved doors, opening to a spa- cious piazza that is provided with a great rounded end. This, plentifully sup- plied with tables and chairs, deco- rated with luxuriantly growing ferns and plants, and protected by awnings, is used as an outdoor dining-room in_ pleasant weather. WiKi me | aera _——— ; DrieanracT Uprrr Trennace Porcn from the central panel a—— chandelier of Bohemian glass is suspended. ‘The fireplace has facings of ‘==! Ground plan of the house and garden The pantry, in itself a room of some size, occupies the space behind the breakfast-room, and, of course, connects with the dining-room. It is painted with white and green enamel, and has a floor of white and green rubber tiling. Its fittings are entirely adequate to every need. A stairway and dumbwaiter connect directly with the base- ment below, which contains the kitchen, laundry, heating apparatus, fuel rooms and cold storage, together with all the minor offices necessary in a mansion of this size and descrip- tion. The literary portions of the house are on the right of the entrance-hall, and fill the whole of that side. March, 1909 AMERICAN Here are two rooms, the study, on the en- trance front, and the library, which over- looks the garden. The study is trimmed with hazel, with a high paneled wainscoting and terra cotta walls above. There are built-in bookcases and a fireplace with facings and hearth of brown glazed tile. The library is is designed in the Elizabethan _ style, and is finished in weathered oak. Like the other rooms, it has a high paneled wainscoting, and above the walls are covered with green velour. The fire- place has Caen stone facings. The billiard-room occupies the center of the house. It is trimmed with oak, finished in the Flem- ish style. It has a high batten wainscoting. At one end is a long seat, reaching from wall to wall, and elevated a step above the level of the main floor. Above it is a massive hooded frieze supported on corbel brackets. On one side of the room is a combina- tion cabinet used for locker and ball rack, with glass cabi- nets overhead. On the opposite side is the fireplace, with facings of Moravian tile, a Dutch hood and mantel. Interesting as it is to view the fine interior of this house, to pass from room to room, to note the convenience of the arrangements, the elegance of the furnishings, the agreeable- ness of the color com- binations, it is but simple truth to say that the greater interest of HOMES AND GARDENS 87 The entrance front and porte cochére of stone can well be described by the single word sumptuous. And the house within is not sumptuous, nor does its exterior de- sign suggest such a term; it is comfort and convenience, good taste and careful selection that distinguishes the interior. But without there is a sumptuous growth and blooming, ar- ranged, included and inclosed within an entirely adequate architectural setting and frame. The ground plan of the house suggests a somewhat ir- regular structure; as a matter of fact, it is a singularly orderly and symmetrical building, consisting of a main por- tion in three stories, to one side of which is attached a subordinate wing of two stories. On the garden front the center of the main building is well projected forward, and across the whole of this front is a broad and elabo- rate porch which is continued around on one side. It is, in fact, more than a mere porch, but a real series of out- door rooms applied to the whole of the front and supported by col- umns, which give it a true classic character. mere detail that both floor and roof are of red tile, but this, as has ial It is, perhaps, but a already been pointed out, is an effective part of the color scheme of the exterior. Below the great garden porch is a terrace, a spacious stretch of glass inclosed with a balustrade, open in the center with a quite monumental- 0 like treatment of steps by which the garden is reached. The garden is a vast rectangular space, with a processional walk in the midst, whose center is occupied beds of grass: in the first a f mammoth flower bed; in the second a sun- =] dial; in the third a pool with water lilies and Plan of the second story this estate is without the house rather than within it. The splen- did gardening of “Gellian Court”’ other aquatic plants. On either side are larger squares of grass, whose borders are richly planted with per- ennial flowers, while at stated intervals on the central paths are bay trees in white painted tubs and boxes. At the further end the garden is inclosed within a high stone wall which abuts against the roadway. lee) loa) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 exceedingly effective boun- dary to the garden. The floor of the casino is laid with red brick in herring-bone fashion, inclosed within a granite coping. The roof is of Spanish tile, supported on Ionic columns, which are re- peated in the pergolas. The furnishings are in keeping with the classic character of the whole design, and consist of a splendid Roman table and two Hermes standing be- tween the side columns. On the sides of the garden are two semicircular niches or re- treats. In the center of each is a marble statue, with white painted settles on either side, the space being surrounded with rhododendrons, above which rise a thick growth of trees. Quiet resting places these, from which the beauty of the garden may be en- joyed. But the interest of ‘‘Gel- lian Court” is not exhausted The stately and dignified octagonal hall is surmounted with a dome with the garden. The stable is partly hidden from view by In the center, and close against it, is the casino, or teahouse_ the great pines with which it is surrounded. It is built of from either side of which extends a pergola, which, in its stucco and is reached through a court inclosed with a stucco turn, is returned at the ends, thus forming an admirable and wall. On the right of the carriage forecourt is the carriage foams ia e RED ‘Graseen alae: The pergola has a rich architectural effect The ca CO \O March, 1909 AiR lLeAN HOMES AND GARDENS shed. Beyond is the spacious carriage house, behind which, and connected with it, is the stable, both departments being amply fitted with the best of modern devices. A large court beyond is partly inclosed on two sides by var- ious farm buildings: wagon barn, sheep shed, wood shed, tool house and chicken houses. Continuing further up the hill from the stable one passes the gardener’s cot- tage and the mammoth con- servatories. A little further : on is the ice-house, half con- cealed underground, and still beyond is a rustic summer house built over a well of pure water. At the very apex of the estate is a casino, a quaint stucco building, with pergola- like porches on either side. Within is a single large: room, with a fireplace in an inglenook, on one side of which is a toilet-room, and on the other a pantry. The The main stairway occupies one end of the living hall building is entirely inclosed with French windows, so that when opened the main room calls for so exhausting a word, is well worth the effort. The and the piazzas constitute a single apartment. view, as is the case with all views from the highlands of the The climb to this delightful spot, if indeed the exertion Hudson, is alike majestic and enchanting. To the east are teahouse The pergola and its flower beds AMERICAN HOMES The stately and dignified octagonal hall is surmounted with a dome gainst it, is the casino, or teah ither side of which extends a pergola, which The pergola has a rich architectural effect the great pines AND GARDENS arch, 1909 edingly effective boun- dary to the garden. The floor of the casino is laid with red brick in herring-bone fashion, inclosed thin granite copin| The roof upported on Tonic columns, which are re- peated in the pergo The furnishings are in keeping with the c character of ign, and consist of a splendid Roman table and two Hermes standing be- tween the side columns. On the sides of the garden are micircular niches or r nter of each ue, with white on either side, being surrounded dendrons, above these, from which the beauty of the garden may be en- joyed. But the inte lian Court” i with the garder partly hidden from view by with which it is surrounded. It is built of stucco and is reached through a court inc turn, is returned at the ends, thus forming an admirable and wall. On the right of the c with a stucco ‘arriage forecourt is the carriage The casino or teahouse March, 1909 shed. Beyond is the spacious carriage house, behind which, and connected with it, stable, both d ge court beyond inclosed on two si rm buildings: wagon barn, sheep shed, wood shed, tool house and chicken houses. Continuing further up the hill from the stable one passes the gardener’s co tage and the mammoth con- seryator A little further on is the ice-house, half con- cealed underground, and still beyond is a rustic summer hoi built over a well of pure water. At the ve pex of the estate is a casino, a quaint stucco building, with pergola- porches on either side. Within is a single lar; room, with a fireplace in an inglenook, on one side of which is a toilet-room, and on th E The ng is entirely inclosed with French windows, so tha and the piazzas constitut The climb to this delightful spot, if indee AMERICAN HOMES ND GARDENS The main stairway occupies one end of the living hall when opened the main room ngle apartment. the exertion calls for so exhausting a w view, as is the is well worth the effort. The with all views from the highlands of the Hudson, is alike majestic and enchanting. To the east are The pergola and its flower beds 90 AMERICAN HOMES AND CAD: March, 1909 Ud ——— WITT daa EG iS ee Ll 2 re P= The billiard room is trimmed with oak and is Flemish in design gi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 room is Colonial in treatment ing- The din Too Hovse The stable and its forecourt AN cATNIUITI CarmaAce Koom BEBEGRRREDD 7 a? The gardener’s cottage on the estate Plan of the stable g2 the woods, to the north are the Hudson highlands, and to the west and south is the splendid Hudson River silently pursuing its journey to the sea. Above its shining surface on the farther side rise the rocky shores of two states, New York and New Jersey, here presenting a some- what formidable, yet won- derfully fascinating, front to the observer who views them from the east. One looks for just this outlook here, and _ one AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS conservatories March, 1909 Plan of the casino finds, of course, precisely what one expects. The unexpected matters here comprise the estate itself, its fine house, its spacious stabling and conserva- tories, and its splendid garden. All these are as- sembled in orderly array and situated so as to yield the utmost of convenience and, at the same time, take the fullest advantage of the beautiful site selected for this house. March, 1909 Roses for Winter ig By Edith B. Welsh BANE of the sadnesses of the summer garden is the fact that its beauties last for such a short while. Too soon the winter comes, when we may search in vain for the gay blossems which held up their head so brightly to the warmer sun. But with a little care it is possible to preserve at any rate one of the most valued of our flowers, and in this way retain some of the loveliness of the border for the dull months. In this article a special method of treatment is in- dicated whereby roses may be dried, and, when required, brought back to a fair resemblance of their original beauty. The best time to set about this method of preserving roses is in the fall, when, owing to the cool weather, the flowers develop more slowly and are thus in every way better. Almost any of the larger kinds will answer the purpose well, and the blossoms should be gathered when in bud, just after the petals are mature and yet before they have started to unroll. Care should be taken to see that the buds are quite dry, and if they should have any moisture on them it is well to spread them out for a day or so in order that the dampness may pass away. As many roses as possible should be secured in order to make allowance for a certain number of failures; it is not to be expected that all will be entirely success- ful. With all the buds to be preserved gathered to- gether, the next step in the treatment may be taken up. Procure the lid of a tin can and round this twist a piece of wire in such a way that it can be held like a small pan. Now into the receptacle place a few lumps of candle wax; then holding the lid over a lighted candle. Take each rose bud and dip the end of the stalk in the melted wax, repeating the process several times so that a small lump of the sub- stance is formed on the end of the stem. Next, very carefully tie a small piece Wrap each bud up in thin paper AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93 Pasting up the air tight tin box of silk twine round each of the buds—just tightly enough to keep in place without in any way injuring the petals. The next thing required will be one or more tin boxes. It is not recommended that these should be very large, those answering the purpose perhaps best of all being the small long-shaped biscuit boxes. The lids of these, as a rule, fit exceptionally well, and this is rather an important feature. ‘Take some tissue paper and cut this into pieces each one of a size to accommodate a single rose bud. Wrap the flower head of each specimen in the paper, tying it securely at either end with silk. It may be as well here, perhaps, to insist again on the importance of each rose being absolutely free from any surface moisture, one example in a damp condition placed in a box being sufficient to spoil the whole of the contents. When the roses are wrapped up they may be packed away in the boxes, each of which has been previously lined with wadding. ‘The buds may be put in fairly closely, as long as they are not really crushed when the lid is put on. In order to make the box doubly air tight it is well to paste thin strips of paper round the joints of the lid. All the boxes as they are loaded with buds should be placed in a closet; it is important that the temperature should be well maintained, although the boxes must not be put in a really hot place. The roses may now be left just as they are for a period of two or three months; longer than this it is scarcely advisable to leave the buds. When it is de- cided to revive the sleeping ing flowers the boxes may be opened and the buds taken out one by one. Ex- treme care must now be exercised in the handling of the specimens, as they will be in a very brittle state, and it is very easy to dam- age them in this condition. Gently unwrap each bud, and with a small pair of scissors cut away the silken bands which encircle the petals. Next take a basin full of hot—not boiling— water. Now take each bud 94 AMERICAN and with a stout pair of scissors make a clean cut through the stalk a fraction of an inch above the sealed end. As soon as this has been carried out the stalk should be immediately immersed ‘n the basin of hot water, each specimen being allowed to remain in the liquid for five minutes. Now prepare a large bowl full of clean fresh water into which has been cast a small handful ot common salt. Into this all the roses may be placed as soon as they have been treated with the hot water, care being taken to see that only the stalks are in the fluid. Now convey the whole thing to a perfectly dark and rather warm cupboard, where the awakening flower should be allowed to stay for several hours. At the end of this time, if the experiment has been carried through on the proper lines, it will be observed that the roses are beginning to take on much of their former loveliness, and in a short while they will develop into much of their original beauty. Of course, a proportion are bound to be failures, no matter how carefully the roses may have been se- lected in the first instance. Still with moderate success the worker will feel amply repaid for any trouble taken on account of the value which roses assume in the depths of winter. The treatment might be em- ployed at any time of the year, when roses were avail- able for the purpose. Like many household arts this simple experiment should not be undertaken without a very ample preparedness for failure. I have already pointed this out more than once, and while I do not wish to discourage those who may be HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 Taking the buds out in winter interested enough in this process to undertake it, it is but fair that a further word of caution should be added. One should not, however, be altogether deterred from _ the possibility of failure from mak- ing the attempt. The process is simple enough, and calls for no complexity of apparatus. Nor, indeed, need one go beyond the resources of the ordinary house- hold for the necessary materials. This in itself is one of the charms of the experiment. It is something every one may do and do easily and quite without expense. Moreover, if but a few of the roses survive the period of repose and experimen- tation, a few only will yield sufh- cient compensation, not only through the novelty of their unusual blooming, but through the sense of satisfaction that one will feel that so simple and so beautiful an experiment should have yielded some result. Perhaps it is a difficult thing to have too many roses in summer; one fairly longs and yearns for the blooming time to hasten, once it seems about to arrive. But one cannot have this royal flower in the winter season without great expense, and then not always in a_ satisfactory way. The plan here out- lined offers delightful opportunities of rose-enjoy- ment at a time of year when roses are not only scarce, but are positively unknown in the ordinary house. And they will be real roses too, but strangely artificial ones that are sometimes offered to the enjoyment of the rose lover, who, however, knows but the real flower, and can have no patience with the most skilful imitation. 27; racy a The living wing of the house and studio Homes of American Artists An Artist’s Home in Rose Valley By Ralph de Martin HERE is a very great and widespread in- having their separate painting rooms. The house as it terest in the dwelling places of artists, due in now stands was actually built and arranged for its present part, no doubt, to the popular impression owners by Messrs. Price and McLanahan, architects, of that these children of genius must know ex- Philadelphia; yet in fact the structure was, in its primitive actly how to build and furnish, but possibly form, an ancient stone barn, transformed, modified, and behind this there is the little understood, but made over into studios, while the house part is a wholly nevertheless notable, fact that of all our new addition built for its present use. contemporaries the artist is alone likely to achieve immortal- To transform an old house into a new one is very often ity, since the artist alone is likely to have his work handed down to the admiration of pos- terity. Meanwhile, however, the artist must live, and to live must have a place to live in; and, above all, is especially for- tunate if the house be an individual one, either completely in- dividual from its first upbuilding, or transformed and modified and given individual character by its occupant. The Stephens house in Rose Val- ley, owned and oc- cupied by Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Stephens, is the home of two artists, both husband and wife being artists of wide fame. It is both a home and a studio, or rather two studios, both Mr. and Mrs. Stephens as difficult a prob- lem as the architect is called upon to handle; the diff- culty of such a task is very much height- ened when the in- itial structure is a barn, a building erected primarily for very many uses, but never under any circumstances as a living place for a twentieth century family. The old barn, however, formed an admir- able starting point for the present con- siderable house, since studio require- ments are very spe- Gale cad Pinn'e stor ample space and en- tailing difficult problems in lighting. In a measure, how- even, it formed a very natural begin- ning for the studio portion of the house, and has been so utterly transformed The pergola 96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS that no hint of its primitive use now remains. On the contrary, its high walls and spacious windows proclaim aloud the fact that studios are within, and in this external expression of a great internal truth one of the most important of architectural canons is set forth in the most direct way possible. Starting as it did with the studio, the dwelling portions may,in! a sen) sic, seem an annex to it. As a matter of fact, the dwelling house loses nothing of its The individuality by reason of the proximity of the studio. latter is, indeed, the special reason why this house was built here; but the importance, the cardinal importance of the dwelling is not the less marked because of this circum- stance. The truth is, the whole building is a most picturesque pile, the dwelling house having a deflected dining and service wing on one end, and the great double studio on the other. The elements here called for pic- turesque treatment, and this has been availed of by the architects in a very complete manner. A first story of stone, in harmony with the older stonework of the studio, is surmounted by a second overhanging story of stucco. Charming bay windows, quaint dormers in the roof, a massive stone chimney, a plainly treated gable, these and other legitimate architectural devices harmoniously designed and combined give an exterior of unusual charm that proclaims aloud the artistic character of the architecture quite as much as it makes known the artistic callings of the occupants. It is an artist’s house from base to peak, from end to end; an artist’s house devoid of the eccentricity that sometimes obtains in such dwellings, but beautiful and quaint throughout, thoroughly agreeable to look at and, as we shall immediately see, thoroughly agreeable to live in and work in. End wall of the studio March, 1909 N ot withstanding the apparently ir- regular shape of the house, its plan offers no difficulties, and is of the simplest. A simple little porch, with wooden steps incased within a stone base, with a lofty stone pier on one side and the house wall on the other, forms the ap- proach to a vesti- bule or entrance hall, which is actu- ally a passageway between the living- room and the dining-room. The living-room is on the right, and occupies the whole of the first floor to the studio wing, except for the staircase, which occupies a great octagonal tower-like extension that is a conspicuous feature of the inner front. It is a vast room, lighted by groups of windows on each front, with a third group giving upon the entrance porch. It is treated in a highly original manner, the window openings having quite flat segmental arches without moldings, while arches of similar Plan of the first floor form span the recess in which the fireplace stands and the opening by which the room is entered. Of entrance doorway there is none at all, the opening archway from the hallway being supported by A picturesque group of studio and dwelling March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 97 two columns of stained wood, a low wall filling in the lower space on either side, while the central space forms the entrance. The wood trim is limited to a narrow base mold and shelf rail that runs completely around the room, serving as capitals for the entrance col- umns. Undoubtedly the striking feature of this room is its wall covering of fig- ured Japanese paper; the ceiling is covered with a plain tint paper with suf- ficient yellow to harmonize with the gold of the walls. This striking and unusual wall covering forms a rich background for the Japa- nese prints and other ob- jects used for wall The living-room looking toward the fireplace deco- rations. The open archway of the effect to which the architectural forms here so readily living-room gives an agreeable lend themselves. The fireplace occupies one corner and adjoins the bay window of the entrance front. The studio of Mrs. Stephens, who is best known by her full name of Mrs. Alice Barber Stephens, is entered by a short stairway that adjoins the main stairway. It is a vast room with a beamed ceiling, and a fireplace under an arch built in the entrance wall. Each of the remaining three sides is lit with windows, one of which gives upon the great stone porch that is a conspicuous feature of the exterior. [he studio of Mr. Stephens is above. The oak beams of the barn roof are still visible, while a veritable flood of light 1s admitted by three great windows. beyond it. It is wood paneled throughout to Contrary to popular belief, there is no mys- the base of the arched ceiling with which it is tery in an artist’s studio. Space and light covered. The rich gold paper of the living- —light of the right kind, and preferably room is used for the ceiling here, a splendid crown to a_ from the north—is all that is desired. These are the es- charming room. Old time furniture adds to the quaint sential requirements, and such fittings and draperies, such : IS iLO and _pictur- esque out- look across the hall to the dining- Plan of the second floor room be- There is now no hint that an ancient stone barn was the nucleus from which the house was developed AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The studio of Mrs.’Alice Barber Stephens March, 1909 sketches and ornaments as individual taste may require, are matters of quite secon- dary importance. These lesser features are not want- ing in the Stephens’ studios, yet the satisfaction their skilled owners take in them is surely and chiefly for their workmanly avail- ability. Naturally enough, in this home of artists, they quite dominate everything. An artist’s home is not only a place where artists live, but a home that is artistic in the truest sense. One follows naturally from the other. An artist must be artistic, and the artist’s home must, therefore, rep- resent the artistic tempera- ment in every aspect. This means household _ taste, which is something quite apart from household deco- ration. A study of a home like the one here described and illustrated will help to make these statements clear. March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ke) \o The Roadway and the Grounds By John Carey Edwards BVIOUSLY if one has a house one must have Y a road to it; obviously also, if one has a country house, there must be a house road that is connected with the public highway without the grounds. Here, then, is a real problem for decorative treatment and de- velopment, not often neglected, it is true, but sometimes not always realized to the utmost. ‘The pub- lic road is, of course, public property, and is paid for and supported by public funds. Rural communities do not always rise to the requirements of the highly decorative places that frequently abut upon the public roads, and in such unfortu- nate circumstances the private owner is compelled, if he would possess a place completely beautiful, to maintain his own piece of public road in his own standard of excellence. There have been many instances of such pieces of road- making in America, and, doubtless, there will be many more, to the double advantage of the estates upon such roads and the beauty and convenience of the property owners in general. The public highway, whether maintained by the local au- thorities or by the property owner, is an integral part of every estate that borders upon it. This proposition is so self-evident that it would seem to re- quire neither argu- ment nor illustration to support it; yet it is not without value to bring together, as has been done on the adjoining pages, a number of views of estate roadways, of roads without and within the estate, as object lessons in roadway treatment, and as explaining, as illustrations alone can do, the very great decorative value of handsome road borders and beautiful entrance- ways. The proper in- closure of the estate grounds is a matter often hotly debated. To fence, or not to fence, is a question that has supporters for both sides. Shall there be a solid ce- ment wall? Or a wall of stone, high or low? Or a wooden fence? Or a boundary of shrubbery? Or a lofty fence of iron? Shall the treatment A monumental entrance and roadway be monumental or unpretentious? Shall the public be rigidly shut out, or shall it be permitted to view some of the beauties within? Or shall there be no inclosure at all? As a matter of fact the question is not one to be determined by any one general rule. The fencing or inclosing is a part of the treatment of the house grounds, an integral feature in the landscape effect. ‘There is, therefore, a natural and wide field for boundary treatment, which, in most cases, is really a question of personal taste rather than the following of any set series of rules. On the question of fence or no fence there is this to be said: the inclosure of small grounds, as in a village street, offers a very different problem from that which obtains in the inclosure of a considerable estate, embracing many acres. A row of small houses, each standing on a small plot of ground, rigidly fenced from each other and from the street, presents a very different problem from the large house standing in the midst of spacious grounds with perhaps no other residence in sight. It should be very clear, in the latter case, that no oversight can be maintained over the grounds in general unless there is a well defined line of demarcation, and no way at all of indicating individual ownership of large grounds on the high- way border, save by an inclosure of some sort. Hence for large estates, and often for small ones, we are likely always to have some inclosure of one kind or an- other; and this, as has already been set forth, is a matter de- pendent upon the whole treatment of the grounds and of the individual per- sonal taste shown in the development of that treatment. Very apparently, therefore, there is an amplitude of ways in which this prob- lem may be met and solved. The iillus- trations which ac- company this article show many of these, and each of them is full of suggestion and interest. A border of grass is, of course, quite uni- versal, since the art of the landscape gardener knows no more useful nor beautiful material. 100 AMERICAN HO jr pe | il nt co EPO Se ana Entrance gates and roadway A beautifully planted road border AND GARDENS 101 A pleasant stretch of road tlh i I ale valli, A California road and entrance A roadway in the woods 100 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 101 A simple road entrance A formal planting of evergreens A pleasant stretch of road ill, alle sll, Entrance gates and roadway A beautifully planted road border A roadway in the woods A California road and entrance 102 Many a fine property has its roadways bounded on both sides by wide stretches of lawn alone, a method always beautiful, but wanting somewhat in color and warmth. A treeless roadway is seldom a thing of beauty, even when the eye is carried across a broad greened space to woods and trees in the distance. One can not do much in landscape decoration without trees and shrubbery; and after the grassed border the problem advances to the next stage of shrubbery treat- ment and trees. Here, as the illustrations show, there is the very widest latitude for individuality of effect. Trees of one kind, or lofty shrubs, may be planted in solid rows or spaced, with or without lower shrubbery between them. A great garland of rhododendrons may be swung beneath the forest trees if the roadway is fortunate enough to pass beneath the survivors of the primeval growth. Beds and borders of gaily blooming flowers may preempt the foreground, and constitute a veritable illuminated border until the brilliant picture is closed by a wooded growth some distance within. The real problem is one of design, and in quite the same sense as the design of the house. It means care and atten- tion. It means taste and ability to design. And it means, quite as much as anything, the utilization of natural condi- tions. It is true enough, in these days of large plantings, that whole trees can be transplanted at practically any period of growth; and not a few property owners will point, with quite justifiable pride, to beautifully wooded estates that at the beginning were treeless, plantless, barren wastes. All this is true enough, but one need not effect such wholesale transformation from the sheer love of change. Any con- siderable landscape work is an expensive undertaking, and the really fortunate owner is the one who has, within his estate, such natural beauties as lend themselves to further beautification. Certainly such a one is better off than he who must bring every tree and bush to his grounds, exactly as he has had transported every piece of iron and wood and stone and other material that has entered into the construc- tion of his dwelling. And he is especially fortunate when his border lines lend themselves to decorative treatment. ‘The first impression of a place is gained from without. External beauty must begin casnifhn sath a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 at the most external point. And this brings us back to the original proposition, that the external border must be sub- jected to artistic treatment, and that the relation of the home road to the public road must be effected in a beautiful and agreeable manner, in keeping with the landscape properties of the estate and consonant with the scale upon which it is planned and maintained. How this shall be done is not so important as the doing of something. ‘he question of posts and gateways, of arches, pillars and wails are matters to be determined by an intimate study of the particular problem involved. Each has a value of its own, each has its own work to do, and each does it in its own way. Ihe problem is one of fitness and beauty. Ifa definite emphasis is desired at the entrance—and a post or pier, a column or arch is a definite emphasis—it is useless to discuss these matters in the abstract, but only in their rela- tionship to the individual problem under consideration. And the aspect of beauty is quite of the same sort. It is not so much what shall be used, as how it is used. And over and above all other considerations, first and foremost the supreme test, the only thing to be considered, is the result good and beautiful? Does it answer the desired requirements of indi- viduality, fitness, beauty and utility? Is it the right thing in the right place? If these questions be answered in the afirmative there will be little fault found in the matter of cost. A final word on what each one shall do for his own place. It is well to remember that the solution adopted by others, no matter how successful or how beautiful it may be, may not answer at all for another problem which has a different environment, or which is developed under different condi- tions, or which calls, as it certainly will call, for special and individual treatment. ‘The illustrations here presented have each their own point of excellence and advantage, but these excellencies and advantages cannot be divorced from .the physical conditions under which they were developed. ‘This is the great crux of all landscape work. General advice fails utterly when applied to such matters, and it is only the indi- vidual study, the individual treatment, the individual solution that admits of success and actually obtains it. Ler z= 3 KEARAEAEAESE “bb aBx cess GCG i | RRNA A broad driveway gives stateliness to the entrance = =e | March, 1909 from the sim- ple types of the y loaw eur orders, up to the most elabo- rate forms in the highly specialized groups. The varia- tion in size is no less a matter for astonishment. ‘The tiniest leaves of all are so little that it is not easy to think of any- thing smaller; while ranging upward from these there is a scale composed of individuals ever increasing in_ bigness, leading us on to huge speci- mens which are the marvels of the vegetable kingdom. And yet the purpose of foliage all the world over is the same, in a general sense—to carry out the respiration of the plant. It may not be uninteresting to speculate upon the diversity in the forms of the larger leaves, and to inquire as to the benefits which the plants derive from the special designs in a few of the most striking instances. There is no getting away from the fact that the plant with very large leaves is at a distinct disadvantage, and it is not quite easy to see by what process certain species have become possessed of these kuge organs. thought that the all- powerful natural se- lection would have tended to modify the size of foliage, had not the facts, as far as some plants are concerned at any rate, shown other- wise. Plants with large leaves are al- most world wide in distribution if we except the Arctic regions, and those desolate wastes of scorching sand which will support little vegetation at all unless it be of a succulent habit. In the first place the plant with big leaves has one im- portant difficulty to HERE are few things which impress the RAN k=—IY student of plant life more than the amazing diversity exhibited in the designs of leaves. The foliage of vegetation varies in shape, Giant Leaves By S. Leonard Bastin organs. By Warnes « riage The modern cabbage leaf as developed by cultivation One would have The Gunnera is a giant pie plant, with long stems and ample leaves AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 103 contend against—it can not produce very many of these Thus if any part of the foliage is damaged the plant is likely to suffer pretty badly, for in some instances injury to one leaf might actually involve a sixth of the whole tree. Again, although some of the examples under con- sideration grow very rapidly, in the majority of cases it may be said that it takes relatively a long time to develop a new leaf if it has to be a very big one; and while this replacing is going on the plant will be suffering the loss of an im- portant part of its being. But perhaps a still greater draw- back to the big leaf, from the point of view of the economy of the plant, is the risk which it will run from wind damage. This is really a very serious matter indeed, and, as will be pointed out later, one which some very ingenious contriy- ances have been called forth to deal with. Lastly, the evaporation of moisture, al- ways an important question in the plant world, will be much greater from a broad expanse than from a much restricted area.. In this connection it is also instructive to observe that most of the species with large leaves find their natural home where water is abundant; some of them being even semi-aquatic in habit, and one of the most amazing plants being wholly so. One is continually brought face to face with the fact that there must be some law of compensa- tion. An animal or a plant is lacking in one particular direc- tion, but to make up for this more often than not it is fav- ored in some other Wada One Can hardly find a better instance of this than m the banana (Musa), a_ species of which has leaves ten or twelve feet in length. These great organs are nothing like so tough as one would think they should be in con- sideration of their 104 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 size, and as a consequence suffer very much harm in more ways than one. In the mat- ter of wind damage there is no tropical tree which is more grievous a victim. Any visitor to a banana plantation knows that after a fairly fresh breeze the leaves of the trees are simply shredded into ribbons and the foliage otherwise torn and bruised. But to make up for this serious deficiency the banana is one of those plants gifted with the power of most remarkably rapid growth. It is said that these leaves will extend upward at the rate of ten inches or even more in a single night, and it will thus be seen that it does not take very long for the banana to make good any damage which it may have sustained. Indeed the vigor evidenced in the Musa tribe is one of the most extraordinary things in the whole plant world, when it is remembered that throughout the whole of its existence the tree does not cease to bear flower and fruit. One can well pardon the popular fancy which has dubbed the Gunnera a giant pie- plant. With its long stems and ample leaves, it looks very much like the humble species of our gardens, but on what a pro- digious scale! A tall man standing by a well grown example of Gunnera is quite be- littled, and yet this tremendous growth is made in a few short months. Most of the Gunneras are semi-aquatic in habit, and all are indigenous to the American continent, and in many ways it must be admitted that their size and habit render them fit to rank with the wonders of the earth. But in addition to the fact that these plants grow quickly, an examination of their foliage will show that their leaves, big as they are, can not come to much harm. ‘The general tex- ture of the great organs is tough, and the cells are so arranged that evaporation of moisture will not go on at an undue rate. Moreover, by a nice adjustment, unless the plant is almost growing with the roots in water, it will not develop leaves of the largest size. The stem bearing aloft the huge leaf is hard and fibrous, unusually strong for one which is not at all woody. In fact the whole appearance of the Gun- nera gives an impression of robustness and strength which is not often present in spe- cies of its class. In passing, it may be men- tioned that these plants are of easy culture, and should appeal to the gardener on ac- count of the great effect which a few specimens will give. Many of the Aroidee are most interest- ing plants on account of the size of the foliage which they produce. Some of the members of a large genus (Anthurium), commonly grown under glass as foliage plants, develop very big leaves even under artificial conditions. A species known as A. brownii not infrequently produces leaves as much as four or even five feet in length. The leaves of these species are of sub- stantial texture and peculiarly well pro- tected against damage from wind. It is The single leaf of the South African elephant’s ear is beautifully curved and ribbed interesting to observe the manner in which It ba, || aT LPT March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 105 every vein of the leaf branching out from the mid-rib, instead of terminating at the extreme border, turns round in a curve and loops up with the one beneath it. Thus a kind of selvedge is formed which practically encircles the whole of the leaf, the value of which to check anything in the way of tearing is at once apparent. Most of the Anthuriums produce leaves which are really of very great beauty, and not a few species flower in a very attractive fashion, and on this account these tropical plants are in great requisition for the warm house. Another interesting plant belonging to the Aroidee is Monstera deliciosa, not un- commonly seen in large conservatories. The species produce very big leaves, thick and leathery in constitution, but still their very clumsiness would render them exceed- ingly liable to be injured. Instead of the border, which was so striking a feature in the Anthuriums, it is seen that the edge of the leaf is split up so that it forms a kind of a fringe; indeed one .may say that it is torn already and will therefore not be likely to suffer much more hurt. The strange fillets in the interior part of the leaf will catch the eye at once, and it may not be out of place to inquire for a moment what is the meaning of this rather unusual fea- ture. Under natural conditions the plant rambles up tall trees, and as there is a good deal of likelihood that the large leaves would obscure the light from each other the holes in the organs serve a very useful purpose. They act as kinds of windows to the leaf which happens to be underneath, letting through the light and possibly the air which otherwise would be excluded. Many plants related to the Arums pro- duce large leaves. A Central American species known as Dracontium gigas has been known to develop leaves which were no less than fourteen feet long. It is said that the whole plant is a most remarkable spectacle from the fact that the stem of this colossal leaf is beautifully mottled with purple and yellow, and has been compared “to a huge snake standing erect at the bid- ding of an Eastern charmer.” But even here we do not reach the limit of what is possible in the way of giant foliage. Some of the achievments of the Sago palms in this direction throw everything else into the shade. Not so long ago one which, it may be observed, was in captivity, startled its owner by sending out a leaf which was estimated to be more than forty feet in measurement. As a matter of fact it is likely that this particular specimen would have been even longer than this had it been possible to allow it a freer growth than it could get under glass. Of course, in the open under very favorable conditions even this would be exceeded, though, as it may be imagined, the chances that such a great leaf would come to grief are very great indeed. As a general rule the water plants can not be said to be the possessors of very Anthurium leaves of immense size 106 large leaves, but to this there is one very strik- ing exception. Most people are now more or less familiar with the giant water lily (Vic- toria regia), specimens of which are not un- commonly to be seen in botanical gardens. Per- haps few are aware that this plant is an annual, the whole of its enorm- ous growth being made in a few months. On account of the fact that the edge of the leaf of this water lily is turned up, its supporting power is very consider- able. Wery fine ‘€x- amples! shave) been known to bear a man sitting on a chair, al- though it is only fair to say that the average leaf would not support such a weight. In reviewing the question of big leaves AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The banana leaf is one of the largest grown in nature March, 1909 it would be out of place not to refer to what man has done to in- crease the size of the foliage of plants for his own ends. This is well instanced in the case of the cabbage, a plant for whose ancestry we must look to a most insignifi- cant species with small leaves. It is perhaps one of the greatest tri- umphs of the horticul- tural world that out of this useless plant (Bras- sica oleracaea) has been created such a vast num- ber of varieties of such great value to the whole race of mankind. The cabbage only produces its large leaves because it has been made to do so, and it will soon re- vert to something like its natural state if left unsurrounded by all the stimuli of artificial cul- ture for any time. The Compost Heap By Ida D. Bennett NE of the first necessities of gardening is good soil; this is not always available, as the entire land at command may be of a nature unsuited for the growing of either flowers or vegetables; this is especially apt to be the case in small city lots where gravel, hard pan and the earth thrown out in ex- cavating for the foundations of the house form the bulk of the soil. Leaf mold or humus, which being translated means simply vegetable matter decayed, without the aid of water, in distinction from muck, which is produced by the decay of vegetable matter in contact with water, as the muck of marshes or that at the bottom of ponds, is available to the dweller in the country or village to some extent and forms one of the most practical means of renewing or building up a wasted or impracticable soil; but as leaf mold is often un- obtainable from natural sources, there is no reason why one should not manufacture their own leaf mold or humus, as the materials are always close at hand demanding disposal of some sort. If all the rubbish in the way of dead leaves, plants, manure and the like is piled in some out of the way corner to decay it will in time result in a fine black soil or mold. Mingled with a clear, sharp sand, they together form an ideal potting soil for many varieties of plants, and also an important in- gredient in good compost, and, as a top dressing for a poor soil, is unsurpassed. There is very little decayed vegetable matter or other matter, except animal, which may not be turned to account to increase the fertility of the soil—feathers, old paper and rags, bones, sawdust and all the vegetable matter which is removed from the yard in the spring and fall cleaning and which accumulated during the summer. The slops from the laundry and kitchen should, if possible, be deposited on the compost heap; manure may be added to it with advantage, and the whole mass may be forked over occasionally to facilitate decay. Of course the leaves from the lawn will form the nucleus of the heap, and leaves produce the very finest of leaf mold—just that quality we procure from the woods—and it seems a great pity that such great quantities of them are destroyed each fall by fire when, with a little thought, so valuable an addition to the garden could be secured. Having provided for the leaf mold it may not be amiss to secure a reasonable amount of fibrous loam for the compost which will be needed for the geraniums and roses; for this one may pile sods in alternate layers with cow manure, lay- ing the sods grass sides down and forking them over occa- sionally to hasten decay and the breaking up of the sod, or sods may be cut and the under surface of the earth cut away just below the crown of the grass, and the soil thus obtained piled in a heap ready to use, the grassy top being relegated to the compost heap. This mixed with leaf mold and old, well-decayed manure makes the compost best suited for the potting of the majority of house plants and those grown in tubs for terrace and piazza decoration in summer, and, it goes without saying, is all that can be desired for the flower garden. The compost heap need not necessarily be an unsightly object, as it may have some easily grown, rank vine planted about it to cover and adorn—as gourds, some of which are very ornamental. It should be inclosed in a frame of wood or pickets to keep it within tidy bounds; especially is this the case if exposed to the depredations of chickens, which aid materially in its reduction to the desired condition. Old window blinds make an excellent frame. March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 107 The Residence of Friend A. Russ, Esq. “Rock Ridge,” Greenwich, Connecticut By Francis Durando Nichols “3S ONE turns aside from the broad avenue The hall is trimmed with chestnut stained and finished in ' leading from Greenwich village through the a dark brown. ‘The halls are paneled, rising up to an open stone gateway which marks the entrance to. gallery, the sides of which are hung with crimson figured Mr. Russ’s country residence, there stretches silk. The staircase has a handsomely carved newel post, out before him a long drive of smooth balustrade and rail. macadam, bordered on the one side by a The music-room is reached from the hall by a rise of three magnificent tangle of trees and sparkling steps. It is a great room built over the porte cochere, and streams, and on the other by a well kept lawn, studded with flowering shrubs. This driveway winds to the house, which stands on a knoll over- looking Long Island Sound. It is a unique house, built of stone and wood with English half- timbered characteristics. The first story is built of huge boulders laid up at random with broad white mortar joints. The second story is covered with shingles left to weather finish, while the trimmings are stained and finished in a soft brown.. The roof is cov- ered with a similar shingle work. The entrance is from the porte cochere or from the hooded porch at the side of the porte cochere. Both entrance ways are built with brick floors laid in herring-bone fashion. The walls of the music-room are covered with yellow watered silk and the trimmings are ivory-white has a “Haddon Hall” ceiling designed in a geo- metrical form. ‘The walls are hung with yellow watered silk, and the trimmings are painted ivory- white. Renaissance lace draperies in one panel are hung at the windows. The bay window at one end is provided with a seat upholstered in yellow silk. The floor is laid with parquetry. From the hall three steps descend to the living- room, which is on a different level. ‘This living- room is also trimmed with chestnut and is stained brown, finished with a green stain rubbed into the grain of the wood, with a harmonious effect. The ceiling has heavily molded beams forming panels. The inglenook is the feature of the room, with a great hooded canopy handsomely carved and The chief characteristic of the den is its treatment with Japanese placed above it. It has a pressed brick fireplace fariitare and decorations ‘ and a Welsh tile hearth and floor extending over te AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Marchitaeee in chestnut, finished in a soft brown tone. It is fin- &§ ished throughout in Japa- nese style, with cabinets, chairs and ornaments. The dining-room is on a level with the hall, and is trimmed with brown stained chestnut. The ceiling is paneled and the flat surface is covered with Dutch mettle lacquered in antique gold. The walls are cov- ered with tapestry paper. The fireplace has an imita- tion Caen stone mantel and brick facings and hearth. The partition between the living-room and dining- room is filled in with case- ment windows glazed with leaded glass. The butler’s pantry is fitted with dumbwaiter and drawers, dressers and cup- boards complete. Stairs lead to the kitchen, which is placed in the basement. There is also a laundry, The inglenook of the living-room is its great feature with a handsomely pantry, heating-room and carved canopy built above it fuel rooms in the basement. The second story is di- the entire opening. On either side of the fireplace are leaded vided into five bedrooms, two bathrooms and a den for Mrs. glass windows and paneled seats, with book shelves built Russ. These rooms are finished with white painted trim in above. The walls are hung with green silk, and the and walls decorated with artistic color schemes. The bath- draperies are in harmony to correspond. rooms have tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fix- The den, which is off the living-room, has paneled walls tures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor is a ge < SSI ~ TTC ccc . y Qin e Living Room. ee ee ll TT ‘HNN nt JINN ] min jz FALL | = Pal Reception HALL & Music Room- Plan of first floor The house is picturesque with rough stone for th March, 1909 reached by two stairways, one of which ascends to the billiard-room and extra guest room, and the other is a private way for the serv- ants to their rooms. The architects, Messrs. Kirby, Petit & Green, of New York, used great care when they designed this house, for the reason that it had to meet certain re- quirements. The highest point of the estate was se- lected for the site on account of its commanding position and the magnif- cent views obtained from it. The house was built with its end toward the roadway in order to secure the south- ern exposure for all the principle _ living-rooms, while the music-room, which was placed on the northwest side of the house, receives the glowing tints of the setting sun in the late afternoon. It was quite important that the principle living- rooms of the house be placed so that they secure the early morning sun in winter and the prevailing breezes from the sea in summer, and it was particular important that the sleeping-rooms be arranged in a similar manner; this is a point which has been very care- fully considered in the designing of this house. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The dining-room has a Caen stone mantel with fireplace faced with brick. The woodwork is of chestnut stained brown The landscape work about the grounds has been quite extensive. All the corners of the roadway which winds in from the main thoroughfare are planted with an artistic profusion of growing plants and shrubs. A similar planting is done about the house. rst story, and natural shingles for the second L_- RooF Coveren Porcn BED Room. ONAN. RooM, T | cos. tos. AALL oe os as) ee Bo Saas aaa Room Baty ees | Room, DEN ee) Se \ o Ci / — —— — — SS Pins ane Z pa | Plan of second floor 108 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 in chestnut, finished in a soft brown tone. It is fin- ished throughout in Japa- nese style, with cabinets, chairs and ornaments. The dining-room is on a level with the hall, and is trimmed with brown stained chestnut. The ceiling is paneled and the flat surface is covered with Dutch mettle lacquered in antique gold. The walls are coy- ered with tapestry paper. The fireplace has an imita- tion Caen stone mantel and brick facings and hearth. The partition between the living-room and dining- room is filled in with case- ment windows glazed with leaded glass. The butler’s pantry is fitted with dumbwaiter and drawers, dressers and cup- boards complete. Stairs lead to the kitchen, which is placed in the basement. There is also a laundry, The inglenook of the living-room is its great feature with a handsomely pantry, heating-room and carved canopy built above it the entire opening. On either side of the fireplace are leaded glass windows and paneled seats, with book shelves built in above. The walls are hung with green silk, and the draperies are in harmony to correspond. The den, which is off the living-room, has paneled walls Plan of first floor fuel rooms in the basement. The second story is di- vided into five bedrooms, two bathrooms and a den for Mrs. Russ. These rooms are finished with white painted trim and walls decorated with artistic color schemes. The bath- rooms have tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fix- tures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor is March, 1909 reached by two stairways, one of which ascends to the billiard-room and extra guest room, and the other is a private way for the sery- ants to their rooms. The architects, Messrs. Kirby, Petit & Green, of New York, used great care when they designed this house, for the reason that it had to meet certain re- quirements. The highest point of the estate was se- lected for the site on account of its commanding position and the magnifi- cent views obtained from it. The house was built with its end toward the roadway in order to secure the south- ern exposure for all the principle living-rooms, while the music-room, which was placed on the northwest side of the house, receives the glowing tints of the setting sun in the late afternoon. It was quite important that the principle living- rooms of the house be placed so that they secure the early morning sun in winter and the prevailing breezes from the sea in summer, and it was particular important that the sleeping-rooms be arranged in a similar manner; this is a point which has been very care- fully considered in the designing of this house. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 109 The dining-room has a Caen stone mantel with fireplace faced with brick. The woodwork is of chestnut stained brown The landscape work about the grounds has been quite extensive. All the corners of the roadway which winds in from the main thoroughfare are planted with an artistic profusion of growing plants and shrubs. A similar planting is done about the house. The house is picturesque with rough stone for the first story, and natural shingles for the second Plan of second floor 110 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS oe n Be: March, 1909 New Developments in Stenciling RNhiy B SS AN i S « as patterns can often be bought through magazines, the fact of not being skilled with the pencil is no longer a hindrance to good work. Stenciling is an art in which the craftworker can rise to any height if she aims to do original and distinctive work. ‘There are several women in America who have revolutionized this craft and who have worked on indi- vidual lines and have really done some- thing worth while. One of the newest stencilers whose work is now being recognized as of the highest quality is Miss Bessie M. Menage. She studied design in the Art Department of the University of Chicago, and while there made herself proficient in the art of stenciling. She made a name for her- self in decoration in the Middle West, and, like so many women decorators, prefers to carry out her work in detail. One of the illustrations shows a frieze and curtain designed and exe- cuted by Miss Menage. The walls were of a soft gray brown. The stencil is done in three colors, each differing only slightly in tone from the wall color. The design was taken from a horse chestnut tree in the garden out- side the library window. ‘The chestnut burs are dull gray terra cotta, the leaves a gray, green, and the conven- tional lines of the design of a dull gray blue. Another tone is used in the lines at the bottom of the stencil, which are terra cotta, intro- duced so as to bring the frieze into har- mony with the ma- hogany furniture with which the room is furnished. The tones in the rug are repeated in the frieze, making. a most harmonious and restful room. The windows are draped with Ara- bian net and an inner curtain is of gray green monk’s cloth ornamented with a stencil adap- Biase I THIN the last few years so much has been / written on stenciling that there is hardly any household where at least one member has not become proficient in the art. work is easy to do, being mechanical, and By Mabel Tuke Priestman The hice ices . . Me eas we TES fo ae enc Cet < Pies ‘ yy 3 $ % 3 > ‘i 3 ‘Ves fie hl Ze, Le OMI wegen: mine «season os . ~. eee 4 % ° e IN~a 43 . 2 Of | GS —e— i Page i fap gitcs a Ne a — — + Pe mys LP @ : 1 . x fsige | wee page =" @ . i ' - i "ee | , Seg 4, ] oe ae a eat sis at | Ve ee ve Jes te Ue Lee b oO. ° i | pg ss EEA mo hem: Stans eee © jf INO fl Ps 71 “4 igh 24 eh ie a 4 od ek: 2 Sf: oe 6k * % i 1 DG SIL re | BP carer ocr BS BOGE site . j Be a SR cS TIE NEE WEL OE aa as Table cloths shown at the National Society of Craftsmen exhibition Cutting the stencil tation of the chestnut design. Portieres of the same material are stenciled with the wider design of the frieze. In the same house a lotus design is used as a frieze in the drawing-room. ‘The owner wished to have the decorations taken as far as possible from the flora of the neighborhood and a pond of Egyptian lotus near by suggested a good motif. Miss Menage made a conventional design of buds and flowers and stenciled them in eight colors on perfectly lusterless walls. Very few stencilers have the courage to do elaborate and extensive work of this sort when they have to stand on an elevated platform, and they usually are content with making the designs and superintending a fresco painter, so that it is encouraging to find that a woman has successfully stenciled many friezes with as much ease and skill as though she had been trained as a fresco painter. Oil colors were used mixed with turpen- tine and winton white, which gave a lusterless effect to the colors. Those who have gone deeply into ’ stenciling work out for themselves cer- tain methods. When stenciling on cloth Miss Menage, instead of using the color direct, always makes a pad of several thicknesses of old cotton cloth which she saturates with pigment. She uses this pad instead of applying the brush directly to the paint or dye, and she finds that in this way there is prac- tically no danger of the color spreading on the material. When using oil paints on fabrics she mixes them with benzine until they are as thin as ordinary dye. A pinch of sugar of lead acts as a fixatif © and keeps the color from flowing under the stencil. For ma- terials that are not to be washed fre- quently she prefers dye, and the only fixatif she uses is mucilage. Another . woman whose. stenciling makes for original- ity and beauty is Mrs. Lora Eliza- beth Hencke. Her designs are yery be!ld in character, and a unique innova- tion in her work is the strap hinge ef- fect with which she joins narrow pieces of Russian crash to- gether. She is par- ticularly fond of working on this material and, as it March, 1909 MV eLeGAN | HOMES AND GARDENS riage original and unique, and American craft- workers are adapting this process to the simple requirements of stenciling and are getting excellent results by means of an atomizer, through which they squirt the color over the work instead of through a syringe and screen. Others again have succeeded beyond their expectations in fol- lowing Ludwig Jungnickel’s example. Such developments in stenciling should be of great interest to those who have ex- perimented in the ordinary way, and skilled craftworkers realize that there is always information to be gained the longer they work at a craft. I have deliberately chosen, in this arti- cle, to refer to some examples of elaborate work in stenciling, since the craft, in many instances, is supposed to be quite humble in itself and to be limited to humble articles; in other words, to be comparatively unim- portant. This can no longer be admitted to Applying the colors be the case. Stenciling is a craft capable of being applied to work designed on a is only fifteen inches wide, three widths are required for por- large scale and employed in a large way, and is now being tieres or curtains. Needlework is also introduced in her carried out with elaborate detail never before attempted. pillow and table runners. Just a few bold stitches of Berlin wool repeat the color at the ends of the stringer, and give individual note to the work. Mrs. Hencke has worked out several problems. One of these is the difficulty felt by all stencilers of making the wrong side of a heavy material as attractive as the right. Mrs. Hencke has invented a process whereby the color appears as strong and potent on the wrong side as it does on the right. This process she does not give to the public, and I know of no other stenciler who has yet succeeded in working this out, but it makes her work stand alone on that account. In Europe stenciling has been taken up with great vigor, and a young Munich artist, Ludwig Jungnickel, has exhibited his stencils in Vienna and aroused great interest in the peculiar nature of his technique, which is an invention of his own. He uses card- board for his plates and cuts them with a sharp knife. He then prepares the back- ground on which the design is to be stenciled by giving it the desired ground tone. This he does by squirting all over it a pale color, using for the purpose a syringe. Worked from behind a wire screen, the color falls in minute particles, and the ground work assumes a rough, granulated appearance. he most pleasing effects can be produced in this way, as no two particles are ever uniform. The next step is to hold the stencil on this prepared ground and to work with a syringe and screen. Difference in texture is gained by changing the distance at which the screen is placed. He uses sev- eral sizes of syringes, according to whether he wishes his stencil to be fine or coarse in texture. Frescoes done in this way are most - N . = & = Library with stenciled frieze and curtains with chestnut design Riis 112 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 Residence of Prof. L. W. Reid at Merion, Pennsylvania LAUNDRY coLpRoon. STUDY. 1: al {| DINING ROOM LIVING ROOM HALL Plan of first floor Rock-faced stone and stucco are the materials used for the exterior walls of the house Plan of second floor RESIDENCE OF PROFESSOR L. W. REID AT MERION, PENNSYLVANIA ESIGNED by Messrs. Bailey and Bassett, architects, of Philadelphia. Built of rock-faced graystone with broad white mortar joints, with shingled roof. The reception-room has a Colonial wainscot, painted white, with walls covered with a two-tone green paper. The living-room is trimmed with Flemish oak, with built-in bookcases and open fireplace. The dining-room is treated with a golden-brown effect, with walls lined with tapestry. The second floor is trimmed with white pine treated with ivory-white paint; each room has its distinctive color scheme. Here is the owner’s suite of two bedrooms, dressing-room and bath, a single bedroom and bath, and two servants’ bedrooms and bath. The third floor contains a spacious den. March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 113 A “Triple-Gable’’ House at Oak Lane, Pennsylvania Diring rao (B-e" 4 1Fo* Plan of first floor Plan of second floor The house is of the half-timbered style, with the first story of stone and the second of stucco A “TRIPLE-GABLE” HOUSE AT OAK LANE, PENNSYLVANIA UILT of stone, stucco and shingles for Charles E. Frick, Esq., at Oak Lane, Pa. Mr. Walter F. Price, archi- tect, of Philadelphia. The design follows the English village type. ‘The interior trim of the first floor is oak. The hall has a beamed ceiling; the parlor an open fireplace with tile facings and hearth; and the dining- room is connected with the kitchen through the butler’s pantry. The second story is finished in white enamel and contains four bedrooms and bath. The third floor has three bedrooms and a trunk room. 114 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 A French Model Dairy By Jacques Boyer MODEL dairy, to the management of which the latest discoveries of science are applied, is situated on an island of the Seine, near Bougival, ten miles from Paris. “The dairy is conducted by Dr. Chateau on the most approved principles of veterinary hygiene. The buildings are kept scrupulously clean and neat, and are painted blue, because flies avoid that color. No straw or other vegetable litter is used, but the floors of the stalls are covered with a thin layer of sterilized sand, which is changed daily. The sand swept from the stalls is washed with water to remove the manure it has absorbed, and after it has settled and dried is used again. ‘The water is collected in a cistern and employed to irrigate and fertilize the meadows. Most of the cows are of the Jersey breed, the milk of which contains from 7 to 7.5 per cent. of butter fat, while that of the best of other breeds contains only 5.2 per cent. A few Breton cows are kept for breeding purposes. Crossed with Jersey bulls they produce daughters which are as good milkers as pure Jerseys and are more robust. There are also some Norman cows, but they are employed solely as wet-nurses. The calf, however, is not left either with its mother or with its nurse, but is put, immediately after birth, into one of the wooden “cradles” shown in the illustration. One reason for this isolation is that young calves are subject to certain contagious diseases, of which a single case might infect the entire herd. But the most original feature of this model dairy is the method of milking by machinery. ‘The construction and operation of the milking machine are shown in one of the illustrations. Four india-rubber cups which are connected with an air pump are attached to the cow’s teats and the milk flows through an india-rubber tube to a glass vessel, and thence to a copper tank. The operation is similar to that of a surgical cupping-glass, pressure being followed by suction. In this the inventor has imitated the natural action Turbine and dynamo of the model dairy The pneumatic milking machine employed at the Chateau model dairy of the calf, which alternately sucks and presses the teat with its lips and tongue. The hand of the human milker, on the contrary, produces only pressure without suction, and the cow is fatigued by this unnatural action. The pneumatic milking machine causes no distress, and the cows take very kindly to it. Before the cups are applied the teats are cleaned with 2 brush containing a tube through which a stream of warm water flows. Eight sets of cups are attached to the apparatus and eight cows can be milked at the same time. The two operations, pres- sure and suction, are readily distinguished by the ob- server, and the milk is seen flowing through the glass vessel on its way to the copper tank, where it ar- rives in a state of perfect purity, for it has not even had an opportunity to ab- sorb germs or odors from the air. Milk obtained by the ordinary method is not only contaminated with at- mospheric germs and dust but often contains particles of manure. In the neat and com- fortable stables the cows are arranged according to date of calving. The best milk is produced in the first March, 1909 ANERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 11 UA General view of the model dairy at Bougival, near Paris Open"air “cradles” for young calves pen_ y g 116 months of milking, and Dr. Chateau desires to fur- nish products of different and accurately known quali- ties for the use of phy- sicians, because milk of various degrees of richness is required by infants, ac- cording to their vigor and physical condition. This model dairy has a large and well designed me- chanical plant. Power is furnished by a turbine driven by the Seine, and is distributed electrically, and by shafts and belts, through- out the establishment to various machines, including one for washing milk bot- tles, a refrigerating ma- chine, by which the milk is AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 Jersey cow stable kept at the temperature of 39 ~«=6ddegrees_~—- Centigrade until it is shipped to Paris, and a pump which draws very pure water from a well nearly two hundred feet deep. The buildings are lighted electrically by power furnished by the same tur- bine. One hardly dares to look forward when dairies of this scientific nature will be generally installed, yet it is to precisely such stages that modern science and modern sanitation is tending. The individual cow owner must, it would seem, remain con- tent with the ordinary devices, or rather with the lack of devices, that have been in habitual use for ages, but new methods and new ideas are being con- tinually developed for the large dairy. A rest in the field March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Colonial Residence of J. Randall Williams, Esq. Haverford, Pennsylvania By Paul Thurston RECENTLY completed residence following the style of the Colonial, and affording many interesting features, is the new home of J. Randall Williams, Esq., at Haver- ford, Pa. Lhe house shows a careful con- formity to historical style and at the same time illustrates many modern tendencies, and in its interior is incorporated all the appointments re- quired in a well-regulated and up-to-date house. It was built from plans prepared by Messrs. Baily and Bassett, architects, of Philadelphia, Pa. The situation chosen is an attractive one, and permits of giving a broad expanse to the house, which is reached by a straight walk passing in from the street to the terrace ex- tending across the front, and also having access to the house from the driveway circling in from the same roadway. ‘The walk is laid with red brick and is inclosed with a low-cut privet hedge. ‘he terrace is also laid of brick and forms a foundation for the porch roof over the entrance-way and the family porch at the side of the house. The house, which is of wood, is cov- ered with white painted clapboards and green painted blinds; a color scheme of the typt- cal New England Colonial house. The roof is shin- gled. The details of the columns, balustrades and dor- mers are finely exe- cuted and show the refinement of this particular style of architecture. From the porch at the front the entrance is reached, and a broad door opens into the hall, which is a central one, ex- tending through the entire depth of the The library has green striped wall paper and white painted trim The Colonial furniture is appropriate house. The woodwork is painted white and the walls are tinted in an old rose, while the rugs and stair carpet are in harmony. A staircase is of ornamental character with white painted balusters and a mahogany rail. The living-room is at the front of the house and to the right of the entrance. Its woodwork is painted white and the walls are tinted in an old Colonial yellow. The open fireplace is built of brick with the facings and hearth of similar brick, and a mantel finely designed in the Colonial style. French windows, on either side of the fireplace, open into both the inclosed and open piazza, which is isolated from the front entrance, thereby insuring privacy to the family and their intimates. The library, which is immediately back of the living-room, is furnished with a white painted trim and walls covered with green striped paper. Bookcases are built in at one side of the room, and the corner fireplace is built with brick fac- ings and hearth and furnished with a finely detailed Colonial mantel. To the left of the entrance, and corresponding to the living-room, is the dining-room, which has a white painted trim, decor- ated walls, and Co- lonial fireplace. The room is furnished with mahogany fur- niture of antique pattern. A door opens into a butler’s pantry, which is fitted with sink, drawers and dress- ers; while another door opens into the kitchen, placed in the extension. This arrangement admits of a cross ventila- tion. There is a sink for the washing of the kitchen uten- sils, range, dresser, and a stairway to the second floor and to the cellar. Be- yond the kitchen is the laundry fitted up complete with laun- dry range, laundry 1909 March, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A broad walk paved with brick and lined with a privet hedge leads to the entrance of the house March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I | ~ tubs, store closet and a servants porch with seat. The second floor is treated with white paint for the trim and a separate, yet harmonious, color scheme for each room. There are four bedrooms and HON BeoRoord UL XAT BED Ro0o/t. 45X78 Be aRoore YU X12. Mr. William’s house is designed in the Colonial style Secon a7 oar bath and two serv- : Fi: ants’ rooms and OE bath on this floor. The bathrooms have tiled floors and wain- AG scoting and porce- ag 2 Pgs lain fixtures and ex- x3 ; posed _ nickelplated plumbing. Fan _L7aONoRY LOKI, a if L/BRARY YU EXSY GF, WIE ZF @ uF Diving Reore Hakk —_nive Reon Bey ate 4-9 */bE-Y VYIXIEMY, Por loc. me A part of the piazza is inclosed with glass, forming a sun-room JER RACE : ——— ae Jv | Vi257 Jloaz.. 120 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 grassed walks, at the edge of which are planted the kitchen flowers, to be used on the dining-room table and throughout the house. To the left of the estate and reached from the main highway is the stable, which is designed in keeping with the house, and of the same style of architecture. It is also painted white, with green painted blinds. The interior contains a carriage room, which has a _ well- fitted harness closet with sliding glass doors, and a stable for the keeping of two horses. The stalls are fitted with ornamental iron fix- tures and the best improved appliances. Both the car- riage room and the stable are ceiled up with narrow beaded yellow pine finished in its natural wood. The second floor contains the man’s room and ample space for the storage of hay and feed. There are two bedrooms and a bathroom, a large den and a trunk room on the third floor, and a furnace room, fuel room and cold storage room and provision room in the cellar. The side piazza directly overlooks the garden, which, though compara- tively small, has been de- signed with a view of pro- ducing the best possible results from a given space. The garden while a semi- formal one has been laid out with much care. The various beds have been planted with both annuals and perennials, and_ they have been selected in a manner to secure a contin- ual bloom from early spring till the late autumn. Beyond this garden, which is separated by a pergola of simple style, is the vegeta- ble garden, laid out with The antique mahogany furniture in the dining-room carries out the Colonial character of the house March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1 ~ CORRESPONDENCE The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of “Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ” SIMPLE BEDROOM CURTAINS RITING from a small town in Ver- mont, M. E. C. asks for some ideas for simple, dainty curtains for bedrooms. “In your department for advising on matters relating to the furnishing of the home you mention stencilled curtains. These, however, are quite beyond me, as I know nothing of paints or painting. Neither am I skillful with the needle. I have been using ruffed muslin curtains for my bedrooms, but these soon look draggled and untidy. Is there not something inexpensive but different from what one sees everywhere at the windows?” A curtain that looks very pretty hung straight across the window can be made with fine white organdie or muslin, with an inser- tion of imitation filet in bands, as shown in A simple bedroom curtain the illustration, just above the bottom hem. The filet comes by the yard, with the squares four by four inches. After making the heading at the top and the hem at the bottom, two bands of the filet are stitched across the bot- tom and the muslin cut away underneath. This is not a difficult piece of work, but should be done neatly. If the window is very high, another row of the insertion may be stitched asout twelve inches below the top. DINING-ROOM FURNITURE “The woodwork in my dining-room is fin- ished in the light or natural oak. Kindly let me know if I shall buy my furniture to match this woodwork. I notice in the shops that almost everything in dining-room furniture is finished in the dark brown. Another point that I am disturbed about is whether to get two arm chairs or have all side chairs. Also, is a round table advisable, or is the square size better? If round, what diameter? A side- board or a buffet?—W. S., Kentucky.” The bright varnish of the natural or golden oak is not as desirable as the dull, dark finish. It is also easier to find good shapes without un- necessary ornament in the dark wood. Round tables are so much in demand that it is not often one finds a square shape, and the former has many advantages over the latter. The size of the table depends somewhat upon the size of the room. A four-foot table or a four foot six inches is the usual size. As to the selection of the chairs, the round table has made the side chairs more popular than the old style of having an arm chair for the head and the foot of the table. If there is space for a sideboard this piece of furniture will be found more graceful and useful than a buffet. A side table placed near the pantry or kitchen door is a part of the dining-room furnishings. WALL PAPER FOR A PARLOR A southern correspondent, A. A. D., asks: “Would you have a paper on the walls of a parlor or paint the surface in oil or water colors? Is tapestry paper suitable for this room? Or, would a plain paper be better? Also, please give me some idea of a proper color.” The conditions of the house have so much to do with the treatment of a wall that it is difficult to advise in this matter without know- ing more about the room and its surroundings. What is the woodwork? How many windows, and what is the exposure? What coverings are on the floor, and what are the predominat- ing colors? ‘The colors in furniture coverings it is also important to know. How the room is used is another point that must be considered in the choice of a wall paper. Replying in general terms to the question given in the above letter it would make a more pleasing effect to have a wall paper in this parlor instead of a water or oil-paint finish. A tapes- try paper, unless light in tone, would not be as suitable as a two-toned buff or ecru color. A plain paper requires good pictures to give interest to the walls. An all-over design, printed in two tones of one color, is a safe selection. BED SPREAD FOR A GUEST ROOM “Something newer than the lace spreads with flounces around the sides and bottom,” is asked for by Mrs. G. A. F., of Michigan. As a pretty bed spread contributes so much to the appearance of a guest room, the home maker will do well to spend time and thought upon this detail. If twenty-five or thirty dol- lars can be spent on the bed spread, the newest and most attractive is one made of cream- white scrim, with drawn work and corner ' pieces of real filet lace. At a less price, (Continued on page xiv) Garden Work About the Home By Charles Downing Lay WHAT TO DO BEFORE THE HOUSE IS BUILT 5 he summer,’ writes E. H., “I pur- chased a piece of land containing five acres, on which I expect to build a house costing about $5000. Not a mansion, but a nice comfortable house. “T shall employ a good architect to design the house, and I do not want to spoil the entire appearance of the place by a poor outside lay- out. “The lot is barren, with no trees whatever on it, and I am.at a loss to know what to do. I want to get trees planted at once and give them a chance to grow. Last spring I planted an orchard of seventy-five trees, but nothing else has been done. “The lot has a frontage of 800 feet on the river, and the highest point is probably not more than five feet above the water. “The house, of course, will face the river. “T want to have the place planted with trees and shrubs which will harmonize with the house, and I want the place to have some style.” There seems no reason why a man who is wise enough to employ an architect to design his house should not at the same time employ a landscape architect to locate it on the lot and design the grounds. The benefits which come from getting the advice of trained men are the same in each case. Both endeavor to get the best work which the conditions allow, and to show the client how his own ideas may be most effectively carried out, in order to give him a place which he will be proud of and enjoy. The great advantage in employing a land- scape architect is to have the place considered as a whole, and its future development com- pletely arranged for at the start. Ordinarily when people work without pro- fessional advice, they put the house in one convenient spot and the stable in another, with- out thinking of their relation to each other, or of the means of communication between them. After a year or more it may be found that both would be better if their positions were reversed, and that the present arrange- ment is inconvenient and unlovely. Such haphazard work as this would be pre- vented by employing a landscape architect to study the whole problem in advance. Another economy which comes from having a complete scheme at the start, is that any part of the work may be finished with full assurance that it will not have to be done over again when the adjoining portion is finished. No mistakes will be made, and mistakes are often the costliest part of amateur work. These things are obvious, yet few people realize that works of landscape architecture can be as carefully planned on paper as any house, or boat, or railroad. (Continued on page xvt) way xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 Fhe unvarying choice of the cultured_ IN th me ng of THe Knabe 3 is ised the finest material that money ative experience of three generations, tisan’ s as in his work - these are priceless. Ocak illustrated catalogue and prices. KNABE & CO. WASHINGTON Posed by MISS PAULINE FREDERICK ; Copyright 1908, by Wm. Knabe & Co. March, 1909 Nene AN “LOMES AND GARDENS xiii of everything that has to do with Heating, Our elegantly illustrated catalogue giv $215 Heating Plant includes: Andrews Vertical Steel Boiler; complete outfit of richly ornamented radiators; best steel pipe; ex- pansion tank; Andrews Re- gurgitating Safety Valve; all fittings, fire cement, gold (or silver) bronze, and brush; also clinker hook, shakerand flue brush, complete, as shown in this house. Special Plans and estimates are made by our engineers for each indivi- dual job. Send us to-day the plan of your house, or rough sketch with measure- ments, and we will submit an exact estimate of cost deliyered to your city,also what you should pay for install- ing, employing a handy man for that work. Fin- ished (or old) houses fitted without defac- ing the walls. Special prices on estimates submitted at once, but the contract must be closed with- in thirty days thereafter. Delivery may be later. The Andrews Boiler burns any fuel with great economy. Its extra large heating surface gives the same heat with third less fuel. All boilers are built from 60,000-pound ten- sile strength steel, same as steam power boilers. Steam heating boilers made where special conditions require. Our rocking and dumping grate is easily op- erated and suited to different fuels. Plumb- ing, $120 Porcelain enamel bath tub, 4% ft. long with roll rim,nickel- plated trimmings, porcelain water closet, low down oak tank. seat and lid, enamel lavatory, enamel kitchen sink; 30-gallon kitchen range boiler; granitine laundr tray; vent and waste pipe, soil pipe, traps, bends and ail material to erect complete. There are no joints to wipe. Complete plans and directions for erecting, Heater Control The Andrews Thermostat controls the fire by automatically operating the dampers and check dratts, keeping an eventemperature. (70 degrees or any point desired). it saves fuel Ly checking plant without de- facing the walls. You fill up the fire and shake downthe ashes morning and evening, the An- drews Control does the rest. Sold sep- erately for £20. Send for booklet. FOR AMERICAN Water Supply, Plumbing and Sewage Disposal. es details. See below. ANDREWS BATH ROOM OUTFIT sanitary standards. 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We do large plants, like the University Building shown below; and plan and erect special equipment for factories, etc., requiring air purification, special ventilation, etc.; also for heating costly homes. How We Do Business We furnish everything to make buildings “modern,” selling “direct from factory to user’ All material is prepared to be screwed together by any handy man. Skilled labor is not necessary in putting up Andrews Heat- ing,Plumbing, Water Supply or SewageDisposal Systems. When you buy an An- drews System you get com- plete detailed engineer- ing plans of building, grounds, as well as of apparatus. Material is all_ cut, threaded and reamed, ship- ped in bundles, boxed, ready to screw together, and, with our plans and direc- tions, can be pro- perly put together at less expense than when cut on the job. The ra- diators (70 per cent. of the weight) are ship- ped from the nearest distributing point. We pay the freight. We re- eee tere tO) tino <=. sands of our plants erected by handy men — business men, doc- tors, law- yers, prea- chers, etc. —andtosa- tisfied cus- 5 tomers in over 1200 cities and towns all soLD oN GGO DAYS FREE TRIAL Guaranteed by PROPOSAL, "76c I SPECIFICATIONS AND Sewage The Andrews Sanitary Steel Septic System performs its work with bacteria over America. Every year we and requires practically no attention; suitable for residences, factories, schools, get more business from the etc. Built in variety of sizes of boiler steel, it is rivited and calked, air and recommendation of our old cus- water tight; fitted with trapped inflow, automatic outflow and suitable man- tomers than from any other holes. Sewage is harmful because it consists largely of decaying organic sub- single source. Each job has stances. The problem is to change organic to inorganic matter very rapidly. individual engineering attention This is effected by the action of two classes of bacteria which in the process to the last detail. also destroy themselves. A Boe. Main Building, University of Minnesota Clarence H. Johnson, Architect PRICES HERE QUOTED INCLUDE | EVERYTHING —all the little things (it is the little things that make the house cost more than a barn of equal size). We make no charge for our engineering knowledge and experience in heating, water supply and sanitary engineering, and unexcelled facilities for getting the raw materials at the right price—all put into your plans. combustion when SEND FOR OUR BIG 72-PAGE BOOK the desired tem- 2 ; ‘ : : F : Andrews ee eee tia eachicds on Hot Water, Steam and Hot Air Heating, Plumbing, Water Supply, Sewage Disposal, 300 illustrations. It is free Peerless 2 henge for the names of two other persons going to buy hot water or other systems. Write today. Note above special Czst Iron ALUN aes prices. Address nearest office. Boiler 1080 Heating Building, MINNEAPOLIS Air Pressure Water Supply It takes the place of city water, all the comfort of a city home in the country; also fire protection, which reduces insur- ance. The material includes one 325-gallon tank. built of boiler steel, tested to an air pressure of 100 ibs ; a double act- ing air-and-water, brass-lined force pump, with all trimmings, including water and pressure gauges, pipe and fittings to con- nect pump and tank, with complete plans and details for erec- tion. All pipe is cutto fit, Estimates free, e e Large Buildings We soiicit complete contracts for heating large buildings. We design, manufacture and erect high pressure or vacuum seam heating, hot blast ventilating, large hot water forced cir- calation plants, etc. So strong is custom that we have found it good busi- ness to manu- facture 12 sizes of high-grade sectional cast iron boilers, Fullparticulars in our catalog. XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 THE GREENHOUSE ORNAMENTAL You will certainly admit that this one is attractive, and a long call between it and the uninteresting looking hot house of a few years back. f ; ; ; But there is a danger that in making greenhouses ornamental, their practical growing points will be sacrificed. Our experience, covering some twenty-five years or more, exclusively devoted to greenhouse designing and building is a guarantee that your house will be every way practical, yet still have the pleasing effect so indispensable for the private grounds. Send for our illustrated matter. HITCHINGS & COMPANY 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY Which Do You Do In Your House— PACK DIRT IN? OR LIFT IT OUT? When you use broom or carpet-sweeper, you scatter a large part of the dirt over a wider area, to be rehandled again and again; but that is not all of the evil. Another large part of the dirt you work deep down into the carpet, there to decompose and putrify, to become the breeding place of germs and insects and to fill the house with musty and sour odors. With such primitive implements, you simply can’t help it; for that is their constant tendency, the abso- lutely necessary result of the downward pressure exerted by their every stroke. Every time you use broom or carpet-sweeper, your every effort drives dirt down into the carpet deeper and deeper, and steadily adds new layers, until the fabric is packed. And that is why you have to renovate. It is true that the Vacuum System of cleaning is the only absolutely dustless system; but a large par. of its remarkable efficiency is due to the fact that its constant tendency is exactly opposite to that of broom and carpet-sweeper. Whereas broom and carpet-sweeper pack in the dirt even more solidly, the Idea] Vacuum Cleaner lifts out, by its suction force, more and more dirt from lower and lower depths. This it does constantly and always. In other words, Ideal Vacuum Cleaning removes all the dirt that has been ground into the fabric as well as that which lies loosely on the surface, undoing with every application the evil of broom and carpet-sweeper. And that is why the Ideal Vacuum Cleaner renovates every time it cleans. The Ideal Vacuum Cleaner OPERATED BY ) HAND (FULLY PROTECTED BY PATENTS) “IT EATS UP THE DIRT” The IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER is the great Vacuum Cleaning principle brought to its ideal state of economy and efficiency and made practical and possible for all. Weighing only 20 pounds, it is easily carried about. Operated either by hand or little motor connected with any electric light fixture, it requires neither skill nor strength. Compared with sweeping it is no work at all. There in your home the IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER stands working for you, raising absolutely no dust, scarcely making a sound. And yet, under the magic of its work, carpets, rugs, curtains, upholstery, etc., are made clean, wholesome and sweet through and through. Mysterious odors disappear, the breeding places of pests are removed, the destruction of fabrics is arrested, and the causes of disease are banished. So tremendous is the saving effected by the IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER—in money, time, labor, health and strength—that it quickly pays for itself many times over. It is absurd to think that you cannot afford its small price. How can you afford to be without it? Try it and you will be ashamed of the conditions you have been living in. Every machine is guaranteed. Send today for our Free Illustrated Booklet. It tells a remarkable story that will mean a New era in your home. The American Vacuum Cleaning Company 225 Fifth Avenue, New York City Le ¥ PRICES55e236 ou 0. PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING (Continued from page xt) twenty to twenty-five dollars, a hem-stitched linen spread is recommended. In some rooms the white spread is too colorless, and figured cretonne, linen-taffeta, or linen is preferable to the plain color. Some of these materials may be had in fifty-inch widths, and fewer seams will then be necessary. It is better to place one width in the center of the spread, and add enough each side (matching the pattern, of course) to give the correct width. If a val- ance is to be attached to the bedstead, the spread need not hang as far over the sides as if there were no valance. The spread may have a cotton fringe of pointed braid, but the valance requires only a hem. If the spread is made long enough it may be carried over the pillow, laid flat, and tucked down at the back. A piece of the cretonne of the same width as the spread, and put together in the same way, may be laid over the pillow as a separate cover. ‘This gives better lines to the bed drapery than the spread and pillow cover combined. For a very simple bed spread the dress dimities in white or in colors may be used. As these are not opaque, a lining of sateen or muslin will need to be laid under the material. If it is thought best to do without a valance, the dimity may be gathered around the edges of the top piece, making it deep enough to reach to the floor. HALL DOORS AND SIDE LIGHTS How to screen the hall from outside obser- vation and yet make a good interior effect, is a problem that comes up nearly every month from one or more correspondents. “The con- ditions vary in different homes. ‘“The plate glass that is set in my front hall door,” writes a suburban friend, H. G., “is so long that I despair of every being able to clothe it properly. This is the only lighting given to the hall, and I cannot keep the glass entirely covered ; but it is too high to use a curtain shirred on a rod. At night, I want the protection of an opaque curtain. What would you suggest?” In this particular instance an ecru net, shirred top and bottom on a small brass rod, will allow enough light to enter the hall, yet cover up the glaring expanse of glass during the daytime. Over this curtain a buff colored Holland shade may be put up and, at night, drawn down as a screen. ‘This meets the utilitarian need as well as it can be done under the circumstances. When only a small door window is to be screened, a double set of vesti- bule rods may be fastened to the door on which a net and a silk curtain may be fastened. The silk should be in tone with the woodwork and the walls when this plan is followed. Side lights require the same general treat- ment as the glass that is set in the door. Ifa single material is desired a plain colored silk will best serve the purpose, or a silk in which both sides are alike. Some of the Japanese silks in conventional patterns are double-faced. The new sun-fast gauzes are economical for the glass in hall doors and side windows, as the exposure to the light quickly fades an ordi- nary silk. NAME FOR A SUMMER COTTAGE F. T. I. writes: “This may not be in line with your regular queries, but I would be glad to have some names suggested for my new cottage in the mountains. ‘The family has thought of everything, but nothing seems quite to suit the place. Will you help us in this matter?” Only a limited list can be given to this cor- respondent, as so little clue is given in the letter to the situation of the cottage. Perhaps something in the following names may be March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV IN LLG F, of Furnishings Reed, Rattan and Willow Summer Pre-eminently the ideal furniture for Summer homes and the seashore, particularly in the water-proof enamel finish of any color, which is impervious to climatic changes. This season’s styles in Chairs, Divans, Rockers, Settees, and Conversation Chairs are designed to admit the use of cushions, which we make to order at small expense from our stock of cretonnes, linen taffetas, and other fabrics suitable for seashore and veranda furnishing. No other furniture so nearly approaches the acme of ease and cool comfort in the summer home. We will, upon request, send competent artists to take entire charge of any decorative problem and submit sketches and estimates. Geo. C. FLint Co. 43-47 WEST 23"9T. 24-28 West 24" ST. oldwell Biba OWeTS Hand, Horse and Motor Power are used by the New York City Park Department, the Capitol at Washington, and by many leading golf and country clubs and large estates of America EXCLUSIVELY Send for Catalogue Coldwell Lawn Mower Company 20 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. BOBBINK & ATKINS’ World’s Choicest Nursery Products It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our World’s choicest Nursery products. Never before have we had a selection as handsome as we offer for planting this season. Intending purchasers will do well to visit our Nurseries to inspect our products. If you cannot, we shall be pleased to give prices on your list of wants for Spring planting. ROSES. We have many thousands of two-year-old plants ready for shipment, consisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the most attractive specimens ever produced in this country. Our collection has been admired by visitors from all parts of the World. PINES. We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are healthful and add attractiveness to the Landscape. RHODODENDRONS. Are among our specialties. Everybody intending to plant should certainly see our stock. We can give prices on large or small quantities in all the hardiest and most attractive varieties. BOXWOOD. Oaur stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands in all sizes suitable for Boxwood gardens. TREES AND SHRUBS. Our Trees and Shrubs are hardy, vigorous and free from disease. HEDGE PLANTS. We grow thousands for any kind of hedge desired. VINES AND CLIMBERS. We have large quantities for every style of covering. BAY TREES. The largest collection in this country in all sizes can now be seen in our storehouses. OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS. For Old Fashioned Gardens, beds and borders. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the largest and most complete collection in this country. Thousands of people visit our Nursery annually to see them when in bloom. FRUITS. We can supply Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit Trees to make a complete fruit garden. In addition, we have a fine selection of all kinds of small Fruits, Strawberries, etc. ENGLISH POT GROWN GRAPE VINES. We have an especially fine lot of these for early Spring delivery. Ask for list with prices. TUBS. We make them in all sizes and shapes for Plants and Trees. Our ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 90 will be mailed to prospective purchasers VISIT OUR NURSERIES NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS RUTHERFORD, N. J. Make the Refrigerator a Part of Your House Have it built to fit a particular space most convenient to pantries and kitchen—have the front of the refrigerator flush with the wall as shown above, and finished to match the interior trim— have it of the size and interior arrangement best suited to your needs—and provided with an extra door to the 1ce-chamber so that it can be iced from an outside porch. M& CRAY REFRIGERATORS (Keep things fresh) because the air in them is purified by constantly recurring contact with the ice, caused by the ‘‘McCray System.’”’ This also dries the air so that even matches or salt can be kept perfectly dry in this refrigerator. Your choice of sanitary linings: Opal=-glass (looks like white china — % in. thick) porcelain-tile, white enameled wood or odorless white wood. No zinc is ever used, as zinc forms dangerous oxides that poison milk and other food. Can be arranged for icing from an outside porch if desired. CUT DOWN YOUR ICE BILLS McCray Refrigerators use less ice than other refrigerators, because McCray walls are the thickest and best ‘theat and cold proof” walls made. McCray Refrigerators of all sizes and styles are ready for immediate ship- ment. Built-to-order refrigerators for any purpose can be shipped three weeks after order is received. Every McCray is guaranteed to give lasting satisfaction. Upon request we will send you one of our illustrated books which explains why McCray Refrigerators are better than other Refriger- ators and different from ordinary ice boxes. Write a postal for catalog and full particulars while you think of it. No. A.H.—Built-to-order for Residences. No. 85.—Regular Size for Residences. No. 66.—For Grocery Stores. No. 47.—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions, etc. No. 58.—For Meat Markets. No. 71.—For Florists. ELLE LL I LTE ECT NLT OGLE BE EI TE OE ESSA A AES, VE ME PELE AI EERE ee: xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 M ore Than Soda Crackers When you eat Uneeda Biscuit you taste something delightfully different from common soda crackers. The difference begins with better baking of best materials, in the great- est, cleanest bakeries in the world, ‘built expressly to bake Uneeda Biscuit. The difference is protected and preserved for you by the only package in the world that ellectively retains freshness and excludes all dust and moisture. ¢ NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A> -RUSSELE BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from AI affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are a! given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. | | Ra MUNN & CoO. 2.—The first and second floor plans of Mr. Cowle’s house are most convenient in their arrangement July, 1909 3—The dining-room is trimmed with oak and its walls are covered with tapestry paper finished with a plate-rack lish oak, and has a brick fireplace with cobbles for shelf. The dining-room has a fireplace with a craftsman mantel and tile facings and hearth. The walls are covered with a tapestry paper to the height of seven feet, at which point a plate-rack extends around the room. A bay window at the front forms a place for flowers. The kitchen and the service end of the house are most complete. The second floor: contains three _ bedrooms, sewing-room and two bath- rooms. The servants’ rooms and trunk room, are placed in the attic. The cellar con- tains a heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. The bathroom is furnished with a tiled floor and imitation tiled wainscoting and porce- lain fixtures and _ exposed nickelplated plumbing. The woodwork of the second floor is painted white, and the walls are treated in one par- ticular color scheme. One of the most interest- ing houses in the group is that belonging to Mr. A. D. Smith (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). The de- sign is distinctly English in character. The underpinning is built of rough fieldstone, while the superstructure is of stucco. Small lighted windows and a hooded entrance help carry out the effect sought. The gray of the stucco walls, the white- painted trim and the green- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279 stained roof form a happy color scheme. The hall, reached from a vestibuled entrance-porch, is trimmed with cypress, fin- ished in an artistic manner, with a sufficient amount of brown stain to give it a soft effect, and at the same time preserve the grain of the wood. This hall leads di- rectly into the living-room and dining-room, and also open onto the living-porch at the side of the house. The living-room is trimmed with cypress, and has a large bay window at the side of the room, opposite the entrance, and another bay window at the front of the room pro- vided with a window seat. The fireplace has a craftsman mantel with tiled facings. Seats are built in on either side of the fireplace. The walls are covered with two- toned mustard-yellow wall covering. ‘The hangings are of greenish-yellow in tone, and the whole color scheme of the room is most effective and artistic. The dining-room has a French window opening on to the living-porch, and making it within easy access to the kitchen, so that it can be brought into service in summer for dining uses. The trim is of English oak, and the wall is covered with a green wall covering of an effective shade. The kitchen and pantry are fitted up complete. very aS a 4—The craftsman fireplace and mantel is the chief feature of the dining-room 280 Small Houses of Small Cost 5—Mr. Smith’s house is of English style 6—The living-room ba: The second floor contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, with imitation plaster tile walls, and porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. ‘The third floor contains one servant’s room and a trunk room. ‘The cellar contains a laundry, fuel room and heat- ing apparatus. Mr. J. de Morrini’s house (Figs. 13, 14 and 15) is constructed of stone for the under- pinning and stucco for the remainder of the building. The roof is shingled and stained red. The entrance to this house is directly into the living-room. The latter is trimmed with oak, and the important feature of the room is the inglenook with its open fireplace with tile facings and hearth, and its paneled seats on either side of the nook. The stairs lead up from the passageway between the living-room and the dining-room, and are of the mission style. The dining-room is of simple style, and is connected with the kitchen by the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up complete. The second story contains three bedrooms and a bathroom; the latter having a tiled floor and imitation tiled wainscoting, and is fitted up with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. A servants’ room and ample storage space are provided in the attic. ‘Che heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry are placed in the cellar. Mrs. Turner’s house (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) is also of the English style with the addi- tion of half-timber treatment. The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mor- -BUTLERY - Ses * KITCHEN » Jormio' Seat Seat “HALL - LIVING - Room * . 14 ora 18° 4 10—French windows in the dining-room open on the living-porch 11—The hall shows a comp: > AND GARDENS ces Costing from $3,500 to $4,500 7—The living-porch is placed at the side of the house tar, while the remainder of the building is of rough plaster. ‘The trimmings are half timber-work, are stained a soft brown, and the shingled roof is stained with a moss-green The entrance opens into the hall, forming a recessed porch. It is trimmed and finished in a soft brown, and it has a craftsman staircase. The living-room is finished in a similar manner and has a beamed ceiling and an open fireplace with tiled facings and mantel. The dining-room has a plate-shelf holding old blue and white china. ‘The kitchen has a cement wainscoting and a complete equipment of fixtures. There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor; the latter is wainscoted with imitation tile in cement and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumb- ing. There is one servants’ room and a trunk room on the third floor, and the cellar con- tains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. The uppermost thought in the mind of the architect in designing these houses, was that there were many families, small in number, of refinement and good taste who wanted and would appreciate a house that was artistic and distinctive, and at the same time equipped with everything practical and complete in all the essentials which make modern housekeep- | ae es. a \ ee ing a pleasure when arranged with an idea of convenience. _A study of the plans of each \ of these houses will show that they have been arranged with this view. ° CHAMBER © exit Reo * CHAMBER + i4-o"%15' arrangement of stair space |12—The feature of the living-room is the craftsman fireplace 280 Small Houses of Small Cost AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS to Costing from $3,500 $4,500 fanna aN EIS 5—Mr. Smith's house is of English style The second floor contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, with imitation plaster tile walls, and porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor contains one servant’s room and a trunk room. The cellar contains a laundry, fuel room and heat- ing apparatus. Mr. J. de Morrini’s house (Figs. 13, 14 and 15) is constructed of stone for the under- pinning and stucco for the remainder of the building. The roof is shingled and stained red. The entrance to this house is directly into the living-room. The latter is trimmed with oak, and the important feature of the room is the inglenook with its open fireplace with tile facings and hearth, and its paneled seats on either side of the nook. The stairs lead up from the passageway between the living-room and the dining-room, and are of the mission style. The dining-room is of simple style, and is connected with the kitchen by the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up complete The second story contains three bedrooms and a bathroom; the latter having a tiled floor and imitation tiled wainscoting, and is fitted up with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. A servants’ room and ample storage space are provided in the attic. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry are placed in the cellar. _ Mrs. Turner's house (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) is also of the English style with the addi- tion of half-timber treatment. The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mor- + TIRST- FL@gR - PLA 8—The house is entered through a vestibuled porch 6—The living-room bay window has a paneled seat ~ CHAMBER « + CHAMBER « “SECOND: FLOR - PLAN - ak An Woe eae 9—The bedrooms are well arranged for light and air 10—French windows in the dining-room open on the living-porch 7—The living-porch is placed at the side of the house tar, while the remainder of the building is of rough plaster. The trimmings are half timber-work, are stained a soft brown, and the shingled roof is stained with a moss-green The entrance opens into the hall, forming a recessed porch. It is trimmed and finished in a soft brown, and it has a craftsman staircase. The living-room is finished in a similar manner and has a beamed ceiling and an open fireplace with tiled facings and mantel. The dining-room has a plate-shelf holding old blue white china. The kitchen has a cement wainscoting and a complete equipment of fixtures. There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor; the latter is wainscoted with imitation tile in cement and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumb- ing. There is one servants’ room and a trunk room on the third floor, and the cellar con- tains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. The uppermost thought in the mind of the architect in designing these houses, was that there were many families, small in number, of refinement and good taste who wanted and would appreciate a house that was artistic and distinctive, and at the same time equipped with everything practical and complete in all the essentials which make modern housekeep- ing a pleasure when arranged with an idea of convenience. A study of the plans of each of these houses will show that they have been arranged with this view. and 11—The hall shows a compact arrangement of stair space 12—The feature of the living-room is the craftsman fireplace 282 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 a 4 * KITCHEN » ° KITCHEN ° Jo'x 11" kK Lo'x\2! Range a. ° LIVING «© ROOM - 13'X 1B> 6" * LIVING - ROOM - * DINING -ROOM® | [un 24 Ty er Si fp ees (MUILI ° DINING e ROOM ° \2'x12!' VERANDAH o aCinic rims vestibule - ars FIRST FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN 13—The living-room of Mr. Morrini’s house is entered direct from the porch 16—Mrs. Turner’s house has a pleasing arrangement of living-rooms ita Rope 14—Mr. Morrini’s house is interesting in its style ° CHAMBER e 10'A(q' ° CHAMBER? 12x13 *CLOSET e e CHAMBER ° *CHAMBER ° \X'x1G* 12'*12" ° CHAMBER ° 12'x13' ° CHAMBER ° xu S.ECOND FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN 15—The sleeping-rooms in Mr. Mortini’s house are well arranged 18—The second floor of Mrs. Turner's house is economically planned July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 283 “Glenbrook,” A Naturalistic Garden Designed by Its Owner By Adam Synder Gen EN a man is engaged in business, wears good clothes and keeps his hair cut, talks politics, and rides behind excellent horse- flesh with keen enjoyment, we hardly expect him to waste much time with the construc- tion of a garden from the pure love of the thing. Although he may be the best of genial company, he will rarely give a hint of his other self. Too many gardens owe their existence to the fashion, rather than the extreme pleasure their construction and exist- ence afford. In the owner of ‘“Glen- brook,” a garden at New- burgh, N. Y., however, one comes in contact with just such a man. And yet it would hardly be fair to pass lightly over the feminine in- fluence in this beautiful lit- tle work. It is fitting that the hand of the wife should be felt in this direc- tion. “Glenbrook” is neither large nor elaborate. It is the adaptation of natural conditions by artificial means, with very natural- istic results. The glen in which it is situated, and which it fills, is fringed with oaks, and is thus screened from the rest of the land- scape. One is not aware of its existence from any out- ward suggestions. The glen itself was probably formed by the brook which passes through it, in some remote period, when the flow of water was considerably greater than at the present time. Given a glen of perhaps an acre and a half, of ap- proximately a rectangular shape, a brook entering at one corner, traversing two sides and leaving by the op- posite diagonal corner, the natural process would be to devote one’s attention to the brook as a feature, for its entire length within the glen. The spring freshets, however, had worn a deep gully at the bottom of which the normal summer brook flowed, and thus it was naturally hidden from sight from the middle or op- posite side of the glen. This being so, it was abandoned as a feature of the garden, and was screened for a considerable length from the other part of the glen. Outside of the gully the rest of the glen was fairly level, with a slight pitch or inclination in the direction of the brook outlet. The in- clination saved the situation. It became possible to construct an artificial waterway, fed from the natural one, and dis- Plan of “Glenbrook.” accompanying this article were taken are indicated by the lettered arrows. The positions from which the photographs The location of trees are indicated in black, while shrubbery and low growths are shown in full charging into it again, or, in other words, it was made pos- sible to direct the course of the true brook, either temporarily or permanently, as desired, into a new channel through the main body of the glen. At a point near where the brook enters the glen a dam was built across it, fitted with a gate, so as to permit a free or limited flow of water, as the case might require. Above this dam a gate diverted the water into the artificial channel, as already suggested. ‘This diversion being made, for fifty feet or so, a subterranean one, the volume of water which passed through it was limited, and the sur- plus flow of the brook went over the dam, and thus dis- charged through its natural channel. It was deemed best to limit the body, and consequently the velocity, of the artificial flow, so that the danger of damage from washouts might be obvi- ated. The artificial waterway first took the form of a shallow, winding brook, ris- ing from the ground and disappearing into it again only to reappear. It flows aimlessly between rocks, and trickles over them in minute falls. Its banks are bordered by rocks, grass and plants. Tall grasses in- fest it, and shrubs and trees shade it. Passing under a small stone bridge, it empties at last into a small and fairly shallow pond, which is the central fea- ture of the waterway. The outlet of this pond is by way of a tier of small cas- cades, which lead succes- sively to a deep basin. The outlet of this basin passes under a_ foot-bridge and discharges into the original waterway as it leaves the glen. Stone steps lead down from either side of the cas- cade motive to a stone land- ing just clear of the flow of the water. The central motive, perhaps, of the whole scheme is the log-cabin built on the shore of the pond, and backed up against the slope of the glen toward the house. It is built of cedar logs, and has a covered piazza on two sides. The interior plan consists of one room, provided with a fireplace and cozy Oriental fittings. When last seen by the author its roof was gradually acquiring a covering of Filipino thatch over the shingle, much to the benefit of its general lines and harmony with the garden. From the doorway one descends, by a series of short stone flights, to the edge of the pond and the boat-landing, where 284 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 a rowboat and a small ponds on the bitch scanocewate slightest — provoca- moored. tion. The drive, which connects with the house by the way of the stable, enters the glen with the brook, and skirts it to the point of its terminal turn near the cascades. It is continued in a foot path which crosses the bart dere; and; turning, follows the foot of the glen and reaches a flight of rustic wooden steps. Just prior to the beginning of the steps cut into the bank, in a semi- circular basin, is a spring. ‘This having been stoned up at the back discharges its water into the basin over the face of a flat inclined and projecting stone. The outlet to the basin is under the walk into the pond. About half way up the steps a narrow pathway branches off and follows the shore of the pond at a steadily decreasing grade until it reaches the cabin. ‘This path- way is well shut in by trees and shrubbery. Other than these walks or side paths already mentioned, the path motive is effected by the use of flat stones placed in the clipped grass-plots, after the manner of Japanese stepping-stones. This stepping-stone effect is still further carried out in the shorter runs of steps from the glen to the upper level. The use of stones for the purpose above mentioned is to be commended. The inevitable weed- ing and trimming up of the path are avoided; it is simply necessary to keep the grass cut. This is from the labor- saving view of the matter; artistically their effectiveness is not to be _ ques- tioned. Such stones used on the level stretch should be set flush with the soil, Of) wate least not enough above it to hinder the easy use of the mower. If they be set lower than the soil they readily’ become View from “D” on plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the boat-landing and its relation to the cabin View from “E” on the plan of “Glenbrook,” showing lantern, stepping-stones, and rough stone steps in the background View from “C” on plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the stone bridge and cabin The single stone Japanese lantern is extremely simple, and seems to set just in the right place, where it may be utilized to light the cabin entrance and the steps to the house level. This lantern is the only real Japanese touch employed, other than the stepping- stones. The interior furnishings of the cabin are largely Japanese, but these are naturally outside of the out- of-door consideration. This brief description, together with the plan and pictures, will give a general idea of the layout of “Glenbrook.” It is not ambi- tious; in fact, it is simple, and thus more easily realized. The owner, however, has not completed it all at once; on the contrary, it has been a slow growth; a bit here and a bit there, as the humor sug- gested. It was not what may be called an expensive job; just what it may have cost is impossible to say, as it was constructed largely by the employees of the owner at odd and spare times. It is unique as an example of the informal sunken garden, and, shut off from the rest of the world as it is, one forgets in the midst of its deli- cious quiet that the other ever existed. What more, indeed, does one need, and in what better way could one have set about creating his own garden? There is an endless pleas- ure in the work, which ceases to be a task if one puts one’s heart into it and sets about it in the right way. The garden of ‘Glen- brook,” it seems to me, exhibits all the beauties of garden- making in a singu- larly beautiful way. Not that it is the most beautiful of all gardens, but it has brought to its owner and creator the full satisfaction of a fine work finely done. July, 1909 AMERKVEAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 285 View from “A” on the plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the View from “F” on the plan of “ Glenbrook,” showing the cascades at the front of the pond arrangement of stones in the waterway View from “B” on the plan of “ Glenbrook,” showing the simplicity of line, and the lantern is the central object about which these details are disposed 286 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 The windows are spaced in ample breadth of wall ‘The Lindens,”’ The Summer Home of E. S. Williams, Esq., at Nahant, Massachusetts By Charles Chauncey GADD MANGY) HE summer home of E. S. Williams, Esq., We EA] We De at Nahant, Mass., is a splendid house, with WS ne Za{ fine lines and proportions. The design Jae ss¢ shows a central building, with wings of yeaa equal size extending in either direction. The surface of the wall space is well broken by many windows built in ample breadths of wall. The individuality of the design of the house is most excellent, and it has a tendency toward the Italian feeling. The entrance to the house is from a simple classic porch, which is reached from the highway by a central ave- nue, which sweeps around a circle in front of the house. The entrance-porch is only one step from the grade. An- other step takes one to the lobby, on one side of which there is) ay ecoal-c lo'siest , while on the other is built a toilet- room. ‘Two more steps land one on the level of the main floor. The living- hall, built in the cen- ter of the house, has a staircase with white-painted balus- A glimpse of an interior ters and a mahogany rail. Green and white is the color scheme of the hall. A broad doorway, opposite the entrance, opens into the living-porch, which is built at the rear of the house, over- looking the sea. ‘The living-room has a white-painted trim and a wall covering of two-tone green-striped paper. It has a large open brick fireplace, with the hearth and facings of similar brick, and a mantel of Colonial character painted white. A paneled seat is built in the bay-window. The color scheme is green throughout, which:is most effec- tive and appropriate for summer. The floor is cov- ered with a green rug in one color for the center, with a border of rose-pink design on a back- ground of green. Soft green silk cur- tains are hung at the windows over softer ones of white muslin. The sun-room is reached from the living-room. It is enclosed with win- dows, and all the re- maining wall space is finished with North Carolina pine, stained and July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 287 treated with a forest-green effect. The floor is covered with a gray and white rug, while the windows are hung with turkey-red muslin. The living-porch is also reached from the sun-room. The dining-room occupies the same relative position as the living-room on the opposite side of the hall. It is trimmed with cypress, and has a paneled wainscoting to the height of five feet, at which point it is finished with a plate rack. The wall space above is tinted a soft green. The ceiling is beamed and ribbed. The entire BEpRoorL (2 6X6 SECOND Jlo0R_ . large pantry, common in such a_ house. The second floor is treated with white- painted trim and wall covering of paper with large floral designs. There are four win- dows and two bath- rooms on this floor, | the latter wain- scoted and paved with tiles and _fin- ished with porcelain fixtures and _ nickel- plated plumbing. The two servants’ rooms and toilet are placed over the kitchen extension. The house is heated by a hot-water system placed in the cellar. The cellar also contains laundry, fuel rooms, etc. SERVANTS oor. 8x/2 6 The porches on the inner side of the house overlook the sea woodwork is stained and finished in a soft brown. A two- tone blue rug covers the floor, while dotted Swiss curtains are hung at the windows and fastened back at the lower middle. ‘The open fireplace is built with green brick facings and hearth, and the mantel is of simple design. There is no attic, except a storage space, which is reached from the second floor by a ladder through a well-hole. This section is well ventilated by “‘blinkers’’ placed in the roof in as unobtrusive a manner as possible, and it harmonizes well with the graceful lines of the long, slop- A door leads from the dining-room to the butler’s closet, which is fitted up with sink, drawers and _ cup- boards complete. Another door opens into the kitchen, which is provided with all the appoint- ments, including a PALL JP s7 flooe ing roof. Obviously this is a house that commands the attention of all who see it, on account of its splendid archi- tectural features and because it seems an expression of the taste and require- ments of the owner. Almost all new houses attract a cer- tain amount of at- DIN NG Loort /6 X20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 angle of the inner porch \ sat Bint x ee ge ee ee The woodwork of the dining-room is stained soft brown with a green tint above July, 1909 tention, but it is not given to many to re- ceive, as does this one, the distinct con- sideration of ap- proval. The _ deliberate and masterful way in which the archi- tects have handled the massive wall sur- faces by avoiding the usual superflu- ous decorations has been the means of bringing about this successful result. It is not a new thing to build a house on a vacant piece of land, and the site chosen for the house, already described, is not an exception to this condition. The plot was hedged at the roadside by mag- nificent elm trees of many years’ growth, but beyond this line, and to the water’s edge, there was nothing in the form of foliage upon the site. The success of the house de- pended, of course, upon the develop- ment of the estate. Green pines in tubs were placed at either side of the entrance door, while pink ge- raniums, with over- hanging vines, were put in boxes in front of the principal win- dows of the first story, thus adding a touch of color to the soft gray tone of the exterior wall sur- faces. Considerable = : Yaar AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 289 planting has been done about the kitchen extension and correspondingly with the sun-room end of the house. From the living- porch and from the sun-room are vistas of the formal gar- den which is built at the east side of the house. The garden is laid out in a geo- metrical form, with numerous __ flower- beds radiating from a central mound sur- mounted by a sun- dial. The division line of the garden and the adjoining property is sepa- rated by a high per- gola, formed of lat- ticed work. This pergola is painted green of a dark shade, nearly the color of the grape- vine leaves, which are now being grown over it. The walks are well built with ashes and crushed stone, and are finished with a top dressing of white gravel. The ornamental additions to the gar- den are the entrance gate at the front and side of the gar- den, and the great tubs of flowering hy- drangeas placed along the terrace. Massive bay trees, standing in tubs at the entrance of the walks, are also ef- fective. 290 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 The Profitable House By Joy Wheeler Dow A House for a Guaranteed Cost (ENO WEES, ry eT y) HE man who has five thousand dollars capi- tal can not be called exactly an object for charity. Yet five thousand dollars invested at five per cent. is not a competency. And if one’s earning capacity has departed, one must live up to every dollar of this principal before the American idea of charity ap- plies to his case. The great middle class of Americans—the eminently decent class—to whom crime and scandal rarely attach, and who are sustaining the Nation’s honor and its strength, are dificult to reach, it is said, when in need. ‘That is, how- ever, untrue. While you are reading these lines, hundreds are sending forth C. Q. D. signals from their main top- masts, and ever being answered in this wise: ‘Well, really, my dear fellow,” or ‘dear girl,’ as the case may be, ‘‘we do not see how we can help you very much. You see, our organi- zation has mostly to do with the very wretched poor and— a GCE = the birds live,” writes Louisa Alcott of her early days. And to advocate this, or, better still, to advocate acquiring a home of our own before the earning capacity has entirely for- saken us, and we have lost our “‘grip,” is the burden of this article. Were the means of the designer of this twenty-five-hun- dred-dollar cottage equal to his enthusiasm, he would not only guarantee to find the estimates and let the contracts at the figure named anywhere within a sixty-mile radius of the city of New York, where conditions are normal, as he does, but he would further be willing to investigate cases, and supply every deserving, middle-class American who applies with a home of this caliber and artistic excellence, which means historical excellence, as his chosen charitable avoca- tion, just as Mr. Carnegie builds libraries, and he would not wait either until the recipient had become wholly a public charge without a dol- lar. Education which teaches us to be un- happy without some of the refinements dirty.” Because dirt and luxuries of life, breeds disease, and comes in our time al- that menaces the life most as free as air, of everybody. But a home of while bread and but- ter, a home, even a one’s own, which can not be spent and lost woe sears Loe real eee Fa —————4, She Se Sse bed to die in, at last, are still dear necessi- as easily as money in the bank, is some- thing, if not a com- petency, for one may eke out an existence on surprisingly little in the country. “We lived in summer as I emer a oon aa ee ieee { fOO]) — The general prospect of the house ties. ; But we will not ae SE =|) Ean f look long upon too (eeeeueene nce re 4 lalallala il La gloomy truisms. For here is an attractive proposition for the young _ struggling couple not thinking wy July, 1909 ANCE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 291 Front elevation Elevation of one end Third story plan 292 of divorce, be- cause each one lives to work for the other, as well as for old maids and bachelors left alone in _ the world. And to sell it, if needs be, why, it would “go like hot cakes” (expres- sive if not gram- matical) at any time, because it is so tiny, yet complete — so easily cared for without a_ serv- ant. With taxes at the minimum, insurance a mere bagatelle, fuel and lights hardly worth mentioning by comparison, who could not live in this twenty-five hun- dred dollar cot- tage profitably ? There is no waste room, no unused room, no unnecessary hall or passages. In- deed, is it not the limit of economi- cal house-plan- ning? Softwood and paint will an- swer for the in- terior trim, and a light gray texture to the plaster ob- viates _calcimine and wall-paper. The exterior shows shingles painted brown, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS China closet door a OG || Staircase door July, 1909 material and other wood as may be most ad- vantageous. There is a laundry platform and two trays to set up in a corner of the cellar, coal bins and warm- air furnaces. The cottage is not to be piped for gas, except as to a gas- range connection, nor wired for electricity, as oil lamps are much more suitable to it, and much kindlier disposed to the eyesight. The _ architect’s commission has not been com- puted. But every- thing else to make the cottage live- able and comfor- table is included. The scope of this paper does not permit more than the _ brief description that has been given. But this is suffi- cient and ample. It is a modest house and needs but a modest de- scription. GUARANTEE Mr. Joy Wheel- er Dow has guar- anteed to build this house, as de- scribed, within sixty miles of the but the architect reserves the right to substitute stucco if city of New York, under normal conditions, for twenty-five necessary, also to build the cellar wall of either concrete, hundred dollars. This guarantee to hold good until Sep- concrete blocks, brick or stone; also to use such framing tember 1, 1909. Publishers AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. ~= = pe ame . * WALTCA ant Lincwercan 9) 1m", y iG 4 ee; 2 Aw ay... a Garden Notes Pot-grown Vines for Summer Planting T IS well to remember that many vines, such as wistaria, climbing roses, honeysuckles, akebia, trumpet vine, ampelopsis, ivy and euo- nymus, can be bought in pots ready to plant at almost any time during the summer, so that if one’s house or pergola, or whatever is not finished in time to use dormant plants in the spring, one need not wait a year, but by the use of potted vines can get an immediate result, even though it be meager at first. Tub The orthodox thing to put in a large pot or tub is a bay tree, but there are many others which will look well in the formal situations where tubs are commonly used. Box trees pruned to the pyramidal or standard form are almost as common as bay trees, but they are not so beautiful. Red cedars, if they have been carefully transplanted, can be used in large pots, and any of the arbor-vitates, yews and retinosporas are good, though not so interesting, I think, as the broad-leaved ever- greens, like the rhododendron, andromeda, kalmia, etc. plants whose blooming season is short, but whose foliage always looks well. The magnolias, either stellata or soulangeana, make rather pic- turesquely formal trees for large pots, and these can be put on the terraces much earlier than the bay trees. Japanese maples are attractive, chiefly because of their color and delicate graceful foliage. All little trees which can be trained to a fairly uniform shape, If the vines grow little in the remaining months of the summer, the gain is, nevertheless, great because they will be well established and ready to grow vigorously the following season, and should sur- pass any vines that are planted later, though both seem of the same size to begin with. Pot-grown vines cost from twenty-five cents to a dollar each. Plants but which still show their characteristic branching, are more charming than plants like the box and privet which present a mass of uniform texture and show none of the skeleton within. An unusually beautiful thing from this point of view is the wild orange (Citrus trifoliata) which has vigorous tangled branches and thorns of freshest green. Bamboos do well in tubs and are easy to manage. A bamboo casting its shadow on a stucco house reminds one of Japanese prints! Any plant of distinguished appearance and neat habit can be used in tubs, and will, perhaps, gain an added charm because of its unusual situation, especially if it be an unappreciated native. It would be a great relief to see other things than bay trees, box bushes and hydrangeas decorating our piazzas in summer. Many of these things, too, can be bought already potted for mid- summer planting. One nurseryman offers Japanese maples, mag- nolias and hydrangeas in pots. Rhododendrons Rhododendrons are probably the most useful and the most abused of all our plants, besides being the most profitable for the nursery- man to sell. In consequence of this latter fact, we see them every- where and in the most impossible situations. The rhododendron grows naturally in woods in a deep soil reten- tive of moisture and with a thick mulch of leaves. Their requirements in other ways are not exacting, but they should have a deep soil full of decayed vegetable matter, a thick mulch and no lime, which seems to choke the hair-like roots. They should be planted in masses giving each other protection, and not as single specimens in the lawn. It is the latter practise which leads so often to failure, especially when young plants just come from Holland are expected to stand our dry summers in a sunbaked lawn. If you can not plant them in large masses close together, at least give them the protection of some other shrub, or even of a boulder or a wall, and if you would have them grow and prosper give them plenty of water and a heavy mulch of forest leaves. The Care of Newly Planted Trees and Shrubs Trees and shrubs which were planted this spring should be thoroughly watered in dry times, and the earth about them should be kept cultivated and free from weeds for the first summer. ‘Their roots have had little time to grow and have not gone down to the sup- plies of water below and they are very likely to suffer, if they do not die, in mid-summer. In watering, remember that irrigation is what is needed, not spraying, which means putting on a minimum of water in the showiest way. Trees should be looked at frequently through the summer, espe- cially after high winds, to be sure that they have not been loosened or even blown over. Spraying Some sort of a pump for spraying plants should always be kept ready for use in the garden. “The knapsack sprayer is good, or a pump to be attached to an ordinary wooden pail may be used. Bordeaux mixture; arsenate of lead, or arsenate of copper; and kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap should be on hand with the proper utensils for mixing. It is important to have these things ready and convenient to use, because spraying must be done at the beginning of a disease or an attack of insects, or the injury will be irreparable. Hollyhocks should be sprayed every two weeks with Bordeaux to prevent rust, and all leaves show signs of the disease should be cut and burned. Vines on Vines on the piazza should be trained to a single wire running plumb from the eaves to the ground. This will keep them away from Melons should be sprayed with Bordeaux every ten or fourteen days, beginning early in July, to prevent leaf mold. Tomatoes, spray with Bordeaux every two or three weeks for leaf spot. With lead arsenate in Bordeaux if there are also worms and flea beetles. Squash, spray with Bordeaux, at the same time with the melons. Vines which show wilted leaves are diseased and should be de- stroyed at once. Roses, spray with whale-oil soap or kerosene emulsion for aphis. For leaf hopper, as above, or spray with plain water. the Piazza the railing, and a single wire makes them much easier to trim in the spring than they would be if grown on chicken wire. xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 w CORRESPONDENCE © The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of ‘‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic’ INTRODUCING BLUE IN A COLOR SCHEME **7 AM especially desirous,” writes M. J. T., of New Jersey, “of introducing in my living-room a suggestion of blue, as I am very fond of this color. I do not want a blue room, you understand, but to combine this color with others in an attractive way. Please tell me how to do this, as I often read in this magazine about color schemes of blue and brown, but I do not know how to go to work. So far there is nothing in the room but some solid oak chairs with leather cushions in brown—mission, I think, the style is called.” If the room has a sunny exposure a combi- nation of blue and green would suit the dark tones of the furniture. A rug in these two colors would be the beginning, using a gray or buff paper on the walls, the former, if the room is sunny and well lighted, the latter, if there are few windows and a north or east ex- posure. As the fireplace is probably finished there is no opportunity for introducing any blue in this part of the room, but the mantel may hold one or two vases of some of the artistic glassware that is made in New York, each one a separate piece of blowing. If there is a divan or lounge in this room there may be some pillow-covers of blue silk, not a clear plain color, but showing a mixture of gold threads in the weaving. Again, in the table- cover or lamp mat this shade may appear; or, in the cushions for some wicker chairs, the seats and backs may have a shaded velvet of blue. Still another way of enjoying one’s favorite color indoors is to have a vase of flowers or a flowering plant, lobelia, forget-me-not, vio- lets, foxglove, pansies or corn flowers, accord- ing to the season. LACE FOR A HALL DOOR The difficulty of treating a hall door that has a long glass panel is often brought to the attention of this department. Such doors are the delight of the suburban builder and the perplexity of the home-maker. In reply to H. G. the new filet lace that comes in imitation of the antique hand-made work is suggested. This usually comes in white or cream, but it may be dyed a deeper tone or an ecru if it is to be placed near dark-finished woodwork. The pictures that appear in squares on the lace, sometimes seven and sometimes nine or twelve inches, contribute a touch of interest to the long panel, and if the width of lace is right for the space, it may be shirred loosely, but not in folds, on small brass rods at the top and bottom. A pretty tearoom in New York em- ploys this method of shielding the glass doors and windows, with the filet lace dyed a pale yellow like the walls of the room. LAMP-SHADES FOR THE COUNTRY HOME “Ts there anything new this year for lamp- shades that are suitable for a house in the country. My own taste is for a silk shade, but this is expensive for the summer weather, as it needs renewing after a season’s wear. ‘The Japanese paper shades are too gaudy for the colors in my rooms. Some years ago they were daintier and less aggressive in colors.”— S. J. G., Springfield, Mass. The new wicker shades would be just what this correspondent would like, if the lining suits the coloring of the room. ‘These linings are orange, bright red or green, and the colors when the lamp is lighted are not too brilliant. They suit the tall banquet lamps of black iron, or a pottery jar that is fitted with an oil fount. The diameter of the shades at the bottom range from twelve to eighteen inches. “The candle shades, too, are very charming in this style. BEDROOM FURNITURE A bride who is fitting up her first home has three bedrooms to furnish. She writes: “Now that I am selecting my furniture I see that there is very little choice of woods. In my own town I can only buy mahogany and ma- ple. Would you have two rooms in mahogany and the other in the maple? Or, the other way? As I am buying the furniture from money given me for wedding presents, I am not hampered by the price, but I do want something that will be in good taste for a long time.”—D. F. R. The maple furniture may be left out of the list, as there is no restriction in price, and the maple is a cheaper and less interesting wood than some others that are now on the market. The Circassian walnut comes in a gray- brown that suits the dainty colors of a sleep- ing-room, and this is especially good in the plain styles, Sheraton or Louis XVI. Ma- hogany can also be had in the light finish, with or without inlaid lines in dark wood— reversing the ordinary way. Satinwood with inlaid and painted decorations in the Adam style is another suitable bedroom furniture that gives character and _ interest. White enamel and gray enamel in the very fine fin- ishes make beautiful guest rooms when com- bined with high-class wall coverings and rugs. Oak is finished in a number of ways—gray, green, brown and natural—and birch is given a silver-gray stain. From this list a choice may be made to suit the different rooms and their exposures, and as all of the large cities can show the different kinds it would be worth while to make a trip for the specific purpose of seeing and buy- ing. Or, if one is satisfied to buy from cata- logues, the choice could be made through the mail. CHINA FOR AFTERNOON TEA “A Teacher” writes: “I take great pleasure when spending a little time with my friends in the afternoon in the tea or coffee that they make for me in their own rooms. I have a few cups and saucers that I brought from my home some years ago, but they are of no espe- (Continued on page xvi) Garden Work About the Home By Charles Downing Lay WHAT TO DO WHILE THE HOUSE IS BUILDING $s E ARE in the greatest quandary you can imagine. Our house, which was to be ready on the first of October will not be finished until the end of Novem- ber, or later. We shall move in at once, but dread to live all winter in a house surrounded by such disorder, and it will be too late after the end of November to do much work out- side. Is there anything we can do to fix up the grounds now? ‘The grading has not been touched, the terraces are not built and the roads are not even staked out. It is too dis- tressing for words! How can we make the place presentable for the winter?” Your case is, indeed, a hard one, but you need not be discouraged. It may be possible to do much before the house is finished. At least, it will be a help to lay out the drives and have them built, to arrange the paths and to grade the terraces. If the outside of the house is nearly finished, except the painting, all the work of grading can be done now as well as any time. ‘The space which is needed for piles of lumber, tools, and for unpacking cases, can be provided on one side of the house, perhaps on the site of the drying-yard if the service court is not large enough. It will be impossible, of course, to do much planting now, but it will be a great comfort to have the grading done, and to have the place neat and orderly, even if it be bare. The edges of paths and roads can be sodded, and the garden can be gotten ready to plant in September and October. ‘Toward the end of August the lawn should be seeded, and in a month or six weeks every- thing will be green and flourishing. Evergreens can be moved in August with some succcess. It is certainly worth trying, because they will embellish the place at once. If you get at the work at once you should be ready for a long planting season in autumn, and the following spring should see the work finished. There is no time to be lost, as grading and getting ready to seed a lawn is a long job if it be well done. Everything that is done now makes the work next spring more easy and the result more sure. HOUSE FLIES A. M. B. wants to know if anything can be done to abate the fly nuisance? The house fly is a serious pest in many country districts, and one that should be fought by every means in our power. ‘The flies lay their eggs and the larve are hatched in horse manure, so it is in the stable that the battle must be waged. (Continued on page xvi) July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv EMIL: SAUER t. singing tone of this American. art, marks it HE artistic supremacy of THE KNABE: PIAN for interpreting the musical ideals. of g with rare subtlety. This artistic supremacy may be iced through three generatior tive genius of the founder of The House of Knabe, whos ofty conception of worthy musical expression continues an impetus to the maintenance of that standard of perfection which makes THE eee THE WORLD’S BEST PIANO. Style J. “‘upright’’ Grand $500. -- Mignon “‘horizontal”’ Grand $750. -- Knabe-Angelus $1050. Kncbe Pianos may be bought of any Knabe representative at-New York prices with added cost of freight and delivery. WM. KNABE & CO. 439 5th Ave. Cor. 39th St. _ BALTIMORE NEW YORK WASHINGTON xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1909 An American’s sense of projecting himself far beyond the skies and hills of his forefathers is largely responsible for his self-assurance—for his mental vigor and the progress which this has meant. This Sixth Sense—the sense of projection— is due to the telephone. It is due to the Bell telephone system which at any instant conveys his personality, if not his person, to any part of the country. It carries his voice with directness to the ear of the person wanted. Carries it with its fone qualities and inflections—things which are vital to the expression of personality. Bell telephone service is more than a mere carrier of messages. It is a system of sensitive wire nerves, carrying the perception-message to the nerve centre and the return message simulta- neously. Jt is the only means of communication which thus carries the message and the answer instantly. While you are projecting your per- sonality—the strength of your individuality, to the distant point, the party at the other end is pro- jecting Ais personality, at the same instant and by the same means, to you. You are virtually in two places at once. Though this service is in a class by itself, the Bell telephone has no fight with the other public utilities. Its usefulness is dove-tailed into all other utilities. Each of the others-is unquestion- ably made more effective by the Bell telephone. A telegram is delivered from receiving office to house by felephone.’ The more people telegraph, the more they felephone. The more people travel, the more they felephone. The more energetically a man pursues business of any kind, the more he needs and uses the felephone. i The universal Bell telephone gives every other utility an added usefulness. It. provides the Nation with its Sixth Sense. A business man has one important arm of his business paralyzed if he does not have a Long Distance Tele- Phone at his elbow. It extends his personality to its fullest limitations—applies the multiplication table to his business possibilities. It keeps things moving. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company And Associated Companies Every Bell Telephone Is a Long Distance Station The Scientific 12mo. articles. Our well-equipped Book Department is prepared to rec- ommend & supply MUNN & CO. ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. complete practical instructions are given for building the various q The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. g The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘ rennwolf.” ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES ie is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. In each instance q Among the more instructive subjects cov- Relating to Archi- tecture, Ceramics, Decoration, Rugs, Furniture, etc. :: :: NEW YORK Problems in Home Furnishing (Continued from page xiv) cial merit, either in color or decoration. Now, I want to collect, one at a time, some pretty china for serving tea. Shall I have it all of one color? Or, shall every piece be different? What kind of a teapot shall I use? I would also like to know the best way to serve tea, and what to have with it, if it does not take too much of your time and space.” For the cups and saucers a unique idea is to have old-fashioned flowers for the decora- tions, and these can be had in the’ English, German, French and Swedish chinaware. The size should be not too small, nor too large, as coffee and chocolate may be offered at times in place of the tea. For a practical teapot, the English one of smooth brown glaze with a porcelain strainer is the best; but if this looks too heavy an English ware with flower decora- tion may be used, as this is better than a metal pot for the brewing of the tea. The sugar- holder and cream-pitcher may match the tea- pot, and an etched glass may be used for slices of lemon. A bowl to hold a silver strainer may be of another ware. A biscuit jar may be of Japanese ware, and also a tea-holder. Plain bread and butter, plain and sweet bis- cuits may be offered with the tea, and choco- lates, peppermints, salted nuts added. The tray to hold the tea things may be of brass, copper, silverplated on copper or mahogany. The tea-table is not kept set as it was a few years ago, but is arranged just before a guest is expected, or afterward in an informal way. WALL-PAPERS FOR AN APARTMENT A “City Dweller” is interested in making the different rooms in her flat open harmoni- ously from each other. Writing from Phila- delphia she says: “I never realized how much one lived in the next room in which one happened to be until I took up my abode in this tiny apartment in which, with evident attempt to look spacious, the builder has made numerous large openings. I have put up door- curtains (as there are no doors), but when these are even a very little drawn one in- sensibly takes in the walls of the connecting rooms. ‘The former tenant chose bright red, a strong green and a pale blue for the three principal rooms, and I am going to have these repapered at my own expense, as it will do so much to make my home attractive. The woodwork is an undesirable cherry in the par- lor, and yellow pine in the dining-room and den. All of these rooms are inclined to be dull, as the sun does not reach them very much. What is the best choice at the smallest cost ?” To accomplish the best results with the limitations mentioned in this letter, it would be wisest to use the cheap ingrain paper, as one may get a soft, old red (terra-cotta in a light tone) for the parlor with cherry wood- work, and a deep buff for the other two rooms. Next best would be the same colors in a tex- ture effect at a higher price. For Five Dollars American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American SENT TO ONE ADDRESS FOR ONE YEAR Regularly Six Dollars July, 1909 AVE RITCAN HOMES "AND GARDENS XVII yapneneesngnany onntanngy | eqgeree en oe bound. The book will prove one of ee : . the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. Hunn & Company Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK THE NEW AGRICULTURE By = HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have T. BYARD COLLINS BN, | | Zr taken place in American agricultural methods which are NET MISZ| transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most Bro mClothn 13 716)Paves PSX | ee i independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life i] to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows: CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 100 Illustrations Price, $2 00, Postpaid CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- tion to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO., Publishers a 361 Broadway, NEW YORK August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii | & < |» iN i Spe ah i iS | Meh = c, ee. v4 N the designing and manufacture { of Period and Art cases to harmonize with any plan of architecture or decoration, Steinway and Sons are the recognized leaders, as in all other departments of piano making—a distinction they kzve enjoyed for ae three generations. Every ae EINWAY | ART PIANO is atrue representation of its respective period— a veritable gem of beauty and perfection. A visit to the Steinway Studios will reveal that, in these masterpieces of pianocraft, music and decorative art are so deftly blended that they at once command the admiration and praise of architect, artist and connoisseur. Gama Cay CS are a « Se : Re =~ ns ie ECE Roce Pt CER Louis X V, mahogany y= «with \ SS ormolu \y mounts. ae f j very — STEINWAY & SONS, gas Steinway Hall, 107-109 East 14th Street, New York (Subway Express Station at the Door) = OLONIAL houses demand simple treatment in hardware orna- mentation. A design in French Renaissance or L’Art Nouveau would be incongruous. For homes of Colonial Architecture, Sargent & Company provide a wide range of choice in hardware trimmings. Sargent’s Artistic Ekardware adds not only to the artistic beauty of any home, but increases its selling value as well. The vast superiority in appearance and the wearing quali- ties of Sargent’s Hardware more than offset any slight increase in cost over inferior goods. Even if the most expensive goods are selected, the cost of the hardware is but a small proportion of the total cost of building. Sargent’s Book of Designs—Sent FREE illustrates a number of hardware patterns especially for homes of Colonial Design. But among the seventy and more styles pictured can be found designs appropriate for any style, period or architectural motif. In addition to the Book of Designs we will send free to anyone requesting it our COLONIAL BOOK—showing Cut Glass Knobs, Knockers, etc. Address SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York Automobile Owners and Drivers ATTENTION! Stop that constant vibration by having the fly-wheel of your engine given a perfect running balance. This machine is used by the principal builders. Patent Motor Fly-Wheel Balancer MANUFACTURED BY THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO Garden Terra Cotta Italian Flower Pots HE GALLOWAY: POTS have met the popular demand for an ornamental pot, having strength, durability and artistic design at a reasonable price. Made in three shapes and all sizes. Our Booklet, “Terra Cotta and Pottery for Garden and Home,” filled with beautiful designs of Pots, Vases, Sun Dials, Benches and other pieces of garden furniture, will be sent upon request. William Galloway 3222 Walnut Street PHILADELPHIA HE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 ANY BEA LANE BROS. CO. ( New Papers on Concrete Reinforced Concrete Concrete Building Blocks Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly describes the proper com- position and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, and their applications. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced concrete. Nothing better has been published. Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical notes on the proper preparation of concrete are given. Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a critical review of the engineering value of re- inforced concrete, ¢/Vianufacturers EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED for $3.40 Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & CO., Publishers, srosiway, New York City ABUTTING ITS SUPPORT IS BEST HELD ON OUR OIST HANGERS ¢/Made in over 100 listed sizes and any modification to order. The Door hee) 434-466 PROSPECT ST. Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 give a resumé in which the various systems of reinforced concrete construction are discussed and illustrated. Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, 1n which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analysed, Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of success in concrete block manufacture, illus- trated. Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- tion and use for farm purposes. ‘he paper ex- haustively discusses the making of mortar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- able suggestions on the selection of Portland cement for concrete blocks. Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly discusses concrete aggregates. A helpful paper. Scientific American Supplements 1595 and 1596 present a thorough discussion of sand for mortar and concrete, by Sanford E, Thompson. Scientific American Supplement 1586 contains a paper by William L. Larkin, on concrete mixing machinery in which the leading types of mixers are discussed. Scientific American Supplement 1626 publishes a practical paper by Henry H. Quimby on con- crete surfaces. Scientific American Supplement 1624 tells how to select the proportions for concrete and gives helpful suggestions on the treatment of con- crete surfaces. Scientific American Supplement 1634 discusses forms for concrete construction. Scientific American Supplement 1639 contains a paper by Richard K. Meade, on the prevention of freezing in concrete by calcium choloride. In Scientific American Supplement 1605 Mr. Sanford E. Thompson thoroughly discusses the proportioning of concrete. Scientific American Supplement 1578 tells why some fail in the concrete block business. Scientific American Supplement 1608 contains a discriminating paper by Ross F. Tucker on the progress and logical design of reinforced con- crete. A SET of PAPERS CON- POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. MAKING A COUNTRY HOME By E. P. Powell VI—THE EVOLUTION OF> Tie AMERICAN COUNTRY HOUSE HEN New Englanders started on their pioneering westward the cottage style was dominant in New England. The building was so very solid that a good many samples still endure. “The beams were pinned together at every joint, and all the braces, with pins of beech wood, running through timbers not less than one foot in di- ameter. After settling a trifle these pins be- came sufficiently bent to make it impossible to drive them out. ‘To tear down such a house needed the ax and a cross-cut saw. ‘The clapboards were left until they became moss- covered, although generally retaining their position. “There were holes enough through which bumble bees entered and made their homesteads. I have known honey bees to find spaces large enough for a large storage of honey. Bumble bees took their honey from thistles which were abundant not only in the pastures, but in the streets; and from the hollyhocks which our fathers and mothers planted everywhere. I remember a row that went clear round a large field of corn. ‘The houses were too flat roofed, and frequently leaked. ‘The attics were constructed so that little heat could be wasted from the lower rooms. ‘The kitchen was the heart of the house, and one-third of it was a great open fireplace. Here the family assembled for paring bees, knitting bees and all sorts of games. Here the neighbors visited and gos- siped. Out of the kitchen opened one or more bedrooms, and a stairway to the small attic rooms, sometimes used for sleeping. he spare room also opened from the kitchen, when not in use held the spinning wheel and the rolls. The cellar of this house was rarely more than a dugout where the vegetables were stored. “The beams were low and the windows generally entirely lacking. Furni- ture was largely home-made, especially the stools, the tables and a possible lounge. There was one small table, called the stand, which held the candle by which the mother could see to read the Bible just before retiring at nine o’clock. The smaller children slept in a trundle-bed, fitted to roll under the larger bed of the parents during the daytime. This style of house was the germ of those which have been evolving through the Nine- teenth Century and up to the present time. The pioneers into New York very soon took a distinct step forward both in the style of ar- chitecture and in the comfort provided. The cellars were raised well above the ground, and were ventilated as well as lighted. “The floors, however, were not yet grouted and drainage was very inadequate. Such rooms were entirely unsafe to be under a dwelling, for they contained the mingled odors of de- caying cabbage, mold and other waste mate- rial. The kitchen grew smaller, and the number of rooms increased. ‘The brick oven was still built into the side of this house, and was used for “Thanksgiving feasts. “There was no wasting of coal, for no one had yet heard of either anthracite or bituminous. Every farmer had his own wood lot, and coal meant half-consumed scraps of maple and beech. The cleanest sticks of hickory or maple were none too good for the kitchen fire; and I have seen large barns built en- tirely of select black walnut. The door of this house generally opened at a corner, and directly into the living-room, which was still the kitchen. The parlor put in an appearance early in the century, and was furnished with August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a black hair-cloth sofa, a rocking-chair and six cane-bottomed chairs. On a cherry table lay the family Bible, a copy of “Josephus,” and another of “Foxe’s Book of Martyrs.”” On the shelf over the fireplace stood two iron can- dlesticks for common use, and two of brass for company. Everybody knew how to snuff a candle with his fingers and not get burned, but snuffers were provided on a little tray, that worked much like shears. Stoves began to innovate, and a stovepipe ran up through the floor to warm the attic. The warming- pan was provided for the spare bed, and a foot-stove was carried to church with a basin of coals inside for the use of women. This was the only heat that orthodoxy allowed in- side the churches. This fashion held on until about 1840. About this time the gables were turned around, so that the side of the house faced the street. The door was invariably placed in the middle, and opened into a capacious hall. Style demanded one large room on each side of this hall, and a stairway reach- ing the second floor where the same arrange- ment was repeated. One side of the hall, both upstairs and down, was devoted to visit- ors, and when these were lacking were care- fully shut up against dust. ‘The result was a charge of must that permeated every article as well as the walls. The attic now became a garret or third story, a sort of storeroom for everything that was sacrificed to fashion. It generally contained also a chest of old papers, for as yet every paper or pamphlet was sacredly preserved. To the rear was al- most surely a wing, including the kitchen and “buttery,” for the kitchen was no longer the soul of the home. The old-fashioned stoop gave way to porches—the stoop was an inside hollow space, and the porch was the same space outside. The stoop was borrowed from the Dutch, and was a cozy social place for resting after meals in warm weather. One more token of pride and style was the dis- placement of the seven by nine panes of glass; these becoming eight by ten. About 1840 the dominance of classical studies in the schools and academies began to tell on home life. A few New England homesteads had already been standing behind huge porticos large enough for Socrates and his pupils to discuss world problems. Now these classical inspirations began to follow New England colleges and the whole line of westward migration. It was in 1825 that the Erie Canal was finished, and the tide of pioneers flowed over New York and _ into Ohio and Michigan. Michigan University was founded as early as 1818. It was, how- ever, fully 1840 before the classical spirit affected common life. This Greek-temple busi- ness, however, fortunately did not last very long with our Yankee forebears. It did one good thing in the passing, it gave a large stimulus to out-door life, for the porch was seldom pinched, and even our modern veranda builders can take a hint from its roominess. An evolution of a more complex sort be- gan about 1850. We were all burning coal at last, and there were half a dozen stoves to a roomy house, with sometimes a grate or two. These stoves were a mass of gloomy iron, and it was a sorry failure that tried to make them ornamental with open fronts. This use of coal and stoves accomplished this much, that they broke up concentration, and provided more private rooms and individu- ality. Houses lost their uniformity, and each occupant of a house, now having his own room, liked to have it provided with a closet, and a bayed window or porch. A vast variety of styles was the consequence. Independence was in the ascendency and criticism was free. There were some very cozy and some very beautiful houses built, but this made all the When You Buy Hose Buy RUBBER HOSE | hat’s the only kind of hose that iz will wear. don’t think it is necessarily rubber inside. hose is — Vy iM And because a hose has a rubber cover || Yf The usual canvas daubed with rubber cement and wrapped around a mandrel. The finest hose in the world is Electric Garden Hose Here is how it’s made. A series of woven jackets in one piece of high-test cotton fabric alternating with layers of fine grade rubber. The whole pressure won’t burst it. vulcanized into one solid seamless piece. 400 Ibs. water You can buy any length up to 500 feet. That construction makes Electric wear twice as long as any other hose. begin to Isn’t it worth a cent or two more not to patch and repair before the season is half over ? Before you spend a penny on hose ask your hardware dealer or seedsman to show you Electric Hose ane . wut? SS Cottage Designs No. 1. Cottage Designs Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500 No. 2. Low Cost Houses Upward of twenty-five designs, costing from $750 to $2,500 Want To Tell You How Electric Hose & Rubber Co. Wilmington, Del. DON’T BE KNOGKED OVER By Stenches from Backyard Debris Why not look up the Stephenson Method, seven years on the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by installing The Stephenson Underground Garbage Receiver which removes all objections of the old swill-tub? The Stephenson Underground Refuse Receiver for Ashes. The Stephenson Underground Earth Closets for Camps. The Stephenson Portable Metal House for Above. The Stephenson Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two. SOLD DIRECT Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF RUSTIC WORK that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic finish to the country place. Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment We Put You can save not only the dealer’s profits but his excessive charges for installation and repairs by dealing direct with the manufacturers. Every Cent You can keep in your own pocket at least one-third the retail price of [i amas Lee a heating plant. Let us tell you all about the 3 D Profits into Your Jahant “Sar Furnace Pocket Only $10 down and $10 per month, with freight prepaid east of the Mississippi River. This wonderful furnace has proven its superiority above all others during the last 30 years. It is without doubt the very best heating system for your home. It S@ve@S from }¢ to 44 in fuel bills, because the patented ‘‘down-draft’’ burns hsrd or soft coal—wood or lignite—without cinders or clinkers, giving full heating value of every particle of fuel. Needs less atten- tion than any furnace you ever saw. A strong ‘“‘Quaranty Bond’’ goes with every Jahant, which allows youa 36O days free use of the furnace. Yourun norisk, as we supply special plans, full directions and give free all meces= sary tools, so that any man who can drive a nail can successfully install a Jahant. No matter what make or system of heating you are considering, let us tell you more about the many conveniences and good points of our furnace; it’s economy, it’s healthfulness and how you e*™ save money. Write today for our book No. 17 The Jahant Heating Company, Akron, Ohioz By far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out ¢ Illustrated No.3. #flodern Dwellings with full-page plates ¢ ¢ Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000 No. 4. Suburban Homes Twenty selected designs, costing from about $3,000 upward $1 each ® Sold separately MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 361 BROADWAY : NEW YORK AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN August, 1909 silo Ses eeereaneaeet a ~ Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. ZS Cross section The name showing con- “Morgan” struction of is branded 1%; inch door. on each door. Li BURN LE AOE i a Mei ces Mi asia Ee ee are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— birch, plain or quarter-sawed ted or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. In our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. CEMENT Its Chemistry, Manufacture C® Use Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses the testing of cement. Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an article by Prof. William K. Hatt giving an his- torical sketch of slag cement, Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and com- position, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a physico-chemical standpoint. ‘i Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the Edison Portland cement works, describing the machinery used. Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with | materials which retard the activity of Portland cement! Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a resumé of the cement industry and gives some valuable formulae. Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. Stone is the author. Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry ot the U. S. Any one of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York Order from your Newsdealer or from Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic Economy &as Machine Produces light, kitchen and Lighted the same as electric, but Write for booklet, ‘‘ The Namabi “Wy = =o laundry fuel. without batteries. Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. $= Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. LARGE BARREL $4.00 Ditivered to yout Srengnt pee Apply now. The Pulvertzed Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md F. Weber & Co. 1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies ———= = == S| =o 4 ‘“FABRIANO’' Hand-Made Drawing Papers es Superior to any other hand-made paper F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes and Materials CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA BRISTOL’S RECORDING THERMOMETERS make continuous records of atmos- heric temperatures, and are designed or both indoor and outdoor tempera- tures. Send for new catalogues. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. NEw YORK ranches CHICAGO JUST PUBLISHED THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches » Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect © This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and. more than 50 full-page plates. The book contains a large number of plans and perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- sides this there is much concise and practical in- formation relating to planning and seating ; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, New Pork City August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii more conspicuous the lot of those whose homes had hardly a suggestion of improve- ment. The color of the cottage of 1800 was gen- erally red; that of the 1820, was likely to be Colonial yellow; of the 1830 house, white with | ° Ai green blinds; while the 1840 house was NH: 4 equally white, but the color of the blinds was ; brown or chocolate or even blue. The 1850 house shows the neutral tints; that is, the color of the soil. “The reason for this was that houses had not yet escaped the old conven- tionalism which planted them close to high- ways, where they got a liberal supply of dust. There was nothing in front except a door- 4 f\ ses) ocomobile cars for yard or yard for the door. This, however, Hoja iS ‘ began to grow in size and furnish an oppor- | /\ , NY gv l0 combine the tunity for art in the way of fences. Thou- | (\¥ 7 RY @t superior reliabilit and durability for which sands of neutral-tinted houses yet remain, but the passage of a stock law has pulled down fences all over the country; and houses are slowly shifting backward, with fine tree lawns | / L ¢ 4 and shrubberies. It was quite natural that » 426 our product | 1S famous, street improvement should follow the stock | \“/s .s fr 7 j law; bull thistles be banished, and double rows \\O 22 with exceptional silence ; of trees make our highways park-like. We —~ in operation and notable oa are even beginning to line our streets with | | 9© ©)\ eye SILO A Fait trees. AS) easy riding qualities \% The changes indoors were as marked as those out of doors. Biddy appeared about 1840, and by 1850 she had the kitchen all to “ wv ° ° | \ 1 ee The family vacated this apartment rm A | | 30 Locomobile Shalt Drive I eat Ee ee oe ; 7 a 40 Locomobile Chain Drive x , to a reception-room, which generally took the place of the hall, and was used for welcoming \ <6 é Tourmg Cars, Roadsters, neighbors. The passage of the kitchen had . been the passage of the family room, and a sub- ; x 2 Limousines , Landaulets. stitute was sadly needed—and it soon was de- vised. In the earlier days papering walls was seldom practised, but they were not seldom | THE LOCOMOBILE COMPANY OFAMERICA | ornamented with pictures obtained from any conceivable source. 1830 covered the walls a r\ BRIDGEPORT, CONN. with great red peonies; 1840 went to more | ¢ | ey - NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO \<@ |) delicate sprays and columns; 1850 began to | Nf) PHILADELPHIA SAN FRANCISCO so talk of household art, and by 1880 conven- | a/@—~\) i hee |i tional flowers yielded to colors. About this C\ . ‘ i MEMBER ASSOCIATION OF LICENSED AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS Kz time also the houses, having been shoved far- | @ 44 °\" i by h : Gam \ | Send for booklet giving advance ther back from the street, began to indulge in | gpest, | information regarding 1910 models bright hues of red and green and yellow, more NS 4 or less intermingled. Where ugliness existed these colors have had the effect of making it more conspicuous, and the confusion of colors opened the way to monstrous blunders in the way of taste; but the entire breakdown of conformity followed, and everybody studies household art indoors and out. This house evolution is not an unimportant feature of American history. It moved all the way straight forward from the simple to the complex, and marked distinct social changes. The future house will probably move along the same lines; that is, of retreat from the street; independence in architecture, and a much more marked development of individual taste and life. It will be more largely an out- of-doors affair, with very spacious verandas, sun-bath windows, sleeping rooms and dining- rooms that can be thrown wide open to sun- light and air. It will aim at letting in out of doors, so that we can enjoy all the landscape surroundings furnished by nature. Now that free-mail delivery widens the horizon and brings the country house closer to the run of social life, less importance will be attached to street happenings. [he street was formerly the newspaper. “The coming house will be a retreat more than a residence. It will grow up around our wants, rather than be a copy of other people’s conveniences. (Going much far- ther back from the street, it will secure a loca- tion where drainage will be easy and sanitation will be perfect. It will be more fond of trees and shrubbery and care less for formal flower beds. It will be homeful in every part, and (Continued on page xxiv) Science for the Evenings “““-~ The Heavens Without a Telescope A MOVING PICTURE OF THE UNIVERSE The Only Combination Sun, Moon, Star ana Planet Map Every Stellar body accurately placed for any date for the next twenty years, in the Northern Hemisphere. Indorsed by leading scientists. Requires no technical knowledge to use it. Complete mastery of the heavenly bodies in a few hours. Most graphic way of interesting all in the wonderful planetary system of the Universe. Chart is 15 inches square, with revolving disk map showing all stars. Made of heavy cardboard. 4 For a limited time only, we offer our readers this Special Offer. splendid Planisphere at a special reduced price of $3.00, postpaid. Send for descriptive circular, MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 Pe You never can tell what hour of the day or night a fire will break out in your factory, your office or your home. You know that your insurance would not repay your real fire loss. If you havea fire in your factory—think of the thou- sands of dollars you lose in orders you cannot fill—think of the disorganization of your working force, and think of the extra ex- pense of carrying on your business under difficulties! Think of the work your competitors are doing while you cannot work at all. If your home is burned—think of the loss of furniture, personal prop- erty and treasures which money can never replace, Think of the danger to yourself and to your family. Look more to the protection of your property than the reduction of your insurance rates, Last year’s fire loss was $382,000,000. One way to reduce it is better individual protection. Four-fifths of all fires in cities are put out by the chemical apparatus of fire departments—but it takes them valuable time to get there. BADGER’S 40 -Gallon brine HERE a ata eh own efficient fire department—a fire e e equipment capable of immediate action—more emlca ngine effective than thousands of pails of water. ; ; The Badger 40-Gallon Chemical Engine is built to meet the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and bears the wnspection label of the Underwriters’ Laboratories. It not only comes up to the Under- writers’ standard of efficiency, but is the best built engine of its size on the market. Ask your Insurance Broker and he will verify just what we say. his is of vital importance and demands your careful consideration when buying fire extinguishers on which depend the saving of your property—the saving of life. The Badger Chemical Engine gives you a most effective private fire department. treadand will go through any three foot opening. NG i. RN Zz It has a narrow ri 5 It throws a stream 75 to 85 feet sufficient to extin- guish all incipient and many well started fires. It is more effective in extinguishing a blaze than thousands of gallons of water. In fact, it puts out oil and gasoline fires which water would spread, and extinguishes fires which water could not reach—due to the chemical action of the engine in generating a gas which acts asa blanket on the fire. Does not flood premises with water and cause additional loss. Stream can be instantly stopped by shutting off the nozzle. Operated easily by one man. equires no experience. s Costs practically nothing to maintain. All chemicals necessary are Trial Offer sold at any drug store. — This is our offer. We will ship you an engine, with two chemical charges, freight pre- STOP THE FIRE paid, and allow you 30 days’ free Ww H E N IT trial. If it does not meet your require- ments, you can return it to us at our STARTS expense. This enables you to build test fires as large as you like and satisfy yourself abso- lutely of its efficiency before you pay for it. Cut off the attached coupon and mail to us, and we will send you descriptive catalog J, price lists and all information on this free trial offer. Badger Fire Extinguisher Co. 32. J Portland St., Boston, Mass. Please send me booklet J and all details of your free trial offer. We Make All Kinds Name ; he , Z This Shows our = cA Wes 3-Gallon aa el: SS AS rs Extinguisher BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO. 32-J Portland St., Boston, Mass. 516 Pages, 107 Engravings NOW READY Price, Four Dollars Industrial Alcohol ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s “‘Introduction to Distillation’’ as revised by Drs. Delbriick and Lange COMPRISING Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and Yeast Preparation, Fermentation, Distil- lation, Rectification and Purification of Alcohol, Alcoholometry, The Value and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods of Denaturing, Its Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, A Statis- tical Review, and the United States Law By JOHN K. BRACHVOGEL, M.E. HE value and significance of a tax-free alcohol have been so widely dis- cussed in the press and periodical literature of the entire country, that it is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of the subject, especially to our agricuitural and industrial interests. For years we have been far behind the nations of Europe in this regard, and in consequence our literature has been sadly lacking in authorita- tive works covering this phase of industrial activity. This book was designed with the especial purpose of filling this want, and it is the latest and most comprehensive work of its kind which has been published in this country. Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. The farmer, the manufacturer, the power-producer, the householder, will all find that denatured alcohol is of such impor- tance to them, that its use and introduction will effect savings and economies which were hitherto impossi- ble of accomplishment. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES a RAT KILLED BY SCIENCE By the use of the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by Dr, Danysz of Pasteur Institute, Paris, science has at last found the only success- ful method for exterminating rats and mice. Used with striking success for the past few years in England, Scotland, France, Holland and Russia. DANYSZ VIRUS contains the gernis of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only, and is absolutely harmless to birds, human beings and other animals, The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition. The ideas is also con- teglous tothem. The Virus is easily prepared and applied. ow much to use: A small house, one tube; ordinary dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than six tubes). One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard. Three to six tubes per acre mn case of open fields, game preserves, etc. Price: one tube, 75c.; three tubes, $1.75; one dozen, $6.00 delivered. INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY Dept. Z, 25 Old Slip New York, N. Y. $4 Take off yourHat’°. A) AW “i 6 Writefor Ea | ERS and Prices to 4 b> | F.E.Myers&Bro. Sass Ob rT \ : ! Ashland, Ohlo BARN DOOB HANGERS HAY BAacz CLAMPS My new Twenty Page Catalogue of ANTIQUES is the largest and most comprehensive that have issued. Contains descriptions and prices of hundreds of Genuine Antiques Old Furniture (mostly Mahogany) Rugs Copper Old China Brass Old Glass Pewter Old Blue Quilts Colonial Lamps Many Colored English prints, Court Beauties and others. A fine collection of ANTIQUE JEWELRY, many unique pieces. All at very moderate prices. This Cata- logue sent free on request to anyone inter- ested in Antiques. MRS. ADA M. ROBERTS WASHINGTON NEW HAMPSHIRE To secure the richest and most durable effects in wood-finishing use % TIC WOOD FINISHES TTT 1 W ui i i Wy Bt Send for Free Booklet, edition AH-8 S. C. JOHNSON & SON, ““The Wood: Finishing Authorities’ RACINE, WIS. ¥UST PUBLISHED THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Boy By A. Russet Bonn L2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscella- neous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & COMPANY Publishers of ‘Scientific American” 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix The Garde me Yeour | own eo Er . — armas Chat) in fie AS ee a ee ee en a ne tment en meee ome M To ae oO =} Co o. ot Ss He; ca o Oo =) a0 — i=} oO 2) =| i=} on {ss} & oO 2 of art <2) mY. S > a ae) rs —_ re) = > S is°) & wn a= 3S — =| fc) cs) & rc} ° = o a _ . ’ in two stories "Tr eae tn rumen reat Ped agi M0 of wy Sas S AND GARDENS wall is treated as an oak-carved gallery AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i. Vs fod | 1, til fr The magnificent great hall is paneled with English oak and has walls of Caen stone; the entrance wall is treated as an oak-carved gallery in two stories; the room contains many notable works of art 302 right wing is the dining-room and breakfast-room; in the left, the library and drawing-room. The library has a low wood wainscot, with upper walls finished in plain gilt, thus presenting an effective background for the magnificent collection of paintings with which the room is hung. The mantel and chimney-breast are of Caen stone, designed with an elaborately carved upper panel. ‘The fireplace lining is of red brick and the andirons are gilded bronze. All the beams and rafters of the ceiling are exposed, the latter being very closely set, and all have been decorated with small paintings by James Wall Finn, in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The work has been marvelously well AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 is finished in white plaster, richly decorated and in high relief. Some fine old gilded mirrors are hung against the entrance wall, and on one side is a superb piece of old French tapestry. The rug is very soft in color, and forms a beautiful foundation for the rich furnishings. The walls have a low wainscot of wood, painted white, and relieved with a small band of hand-carving. Both these rooms are reached by an extension of the cor- ridor that forms so fine a feature of the great hall. Set within its wainscoted walls are glazed cases containing some of the rarest and most beautiful of Mr. Crocker’s porcelains. The cases are lighted by electricity from within, and when The breakfast-room has a richly decorated plaster ceiling and is hung with superb tapestries done, since it has all the character of an antique ceiling. The window curtains are of red velvet with gilt trimmings, but the color of the room is actually determined by the furni- ture, the coverings of which are of deep blue velvet or blue and gold. ‘The lamp shades, of deep red, give also a dis- tinctive note to the room. ‘The rug has a black ground, with figures of red, green and tones of yellow. Directly opposite is the drawing-room. Its walls are com- pletely lined with velvet brocade in white and gold, and are unrelieved with architectural features save for the monu- mental frame of carved wood, painted white, of the entrance- door, and the mantel of carved white marble that faces it at the other side of the room. The window curtains are of the same material, and the furniture is of the English type, lined with red and white velvet, with gilded frames. The ceiling so illuminated the wonderful beauty of their contents is seen at its best. Other porcelains and bronzes stand above the cases and help to convert this passage into.a veritable shrine of Oriental art. The dining-room is at the farthest end of the house and is finished throughout in California redwood. It is, in a sense, a memorial to Mr. Crocker’s early home, since the entire surfacing of the room is of California origin. The walls are designed in great panels, separated by pilasters, heavily en- riched with carving. At one end is the fireplace. Here the pilasters make way for Corinthian columns; on each side is a monumentally framed door, and in the center the fireplace encased in polished black marble, while above it is a portrait of Charles Crocker, Mr. Crocker’s father. The ceiling is extremely beautiful, with a great central oval of irregular August, 1909 form, very heavily carved, while without the surface is carved in low relief. Like the walls, the ceiling is, throughout, of California redwood, but the plain rich wood alone is used for the center. The furniture is of English walnut with tapestry seats. On either side is a carved gilded sideboard with top of polished green marble. The breakfast-room, in the opposite end of this wing, is articulated with the dining-room by a spacious butler’s pan- try, within which is a stairway to the kitchen and service rooms below. Its size is practically identical with that of the dining-room. It has a low wood wainscot, above which the walls are covered with a figured pattern in low relief and cream and yellow in tone. The geometric ceiling is of plaster, and is very rich in design, with numerous hanging pendants. The window curtains are of red velvet. ‘The chief decoration of the room, however, is obtained from the magnificent tapestries which hang on the center of each wall, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 393 crowned. ‘The general form of the plan has already been stated, but the pergolas and pavilions without the house which face the terrace front, and in which its total area is greatly extended, should be mentioned. ‘The treatment of the terrace front is, indeed, entirely monumental, the great grassed terraces being reached with long flights of stone steps, while the retaining wall that supports the upper ter- race is covered with ampelopsis, roses and clematis. On the entrance front, the lower terraces are in process of transfor- mation at this writing; but an ample esplanade here is en- closed within a balustrade, while a great bed of rhododen- drons and lilies give a wonderful color-note to the center. The entrance doorway itself is encased within an ornamental facing of Indiana limestone that is the most ornate feature of the exterior. That the lower terraces here are in process of transforma- tion by no means suggests unfinished grounds. ‘The estate is The service entrance and one wing of “ Darlington” and which are among the most valuable of Mr. Crocker’s large collection. The room is entered from one corner, the doorway, within, being enclosed within a triangular screen of English oak that gives a quaint aspect to the apartment, while harmonizing completely with its general style and treatment. The interior of this great house possesses so much interest that the larger part of space has been necessarily given to it. Yet outwardly it is exceedingly fine and impressive. The design of Mr. James Brite, architect, of New York, the mansion stands on the summit of a ridge that rises somewhat steeply as it is approached from the railroad station, but which affords ample room for spacious terraces and gardens on the inner side, where the entrance front is located. The lofty walls of Harvard brick rise high above the whole of the surrounding landscape, the house being three full stories in height, with a fourth story in the roof that is partly con- cealed behind the pierced balustrade with which the whole is a large one, including eleven hundred acres, and various works are naturally undertaken from time to time. The grounds immediately around the house are in perfect order and entirely complete. Rare old boxes have been success- fully transplanted to without the entrance door. Farther on a splendid grove of Japanese maples, a truly remarkable col- lection, has been permanently rooted. In the nearby woods, to the left of the entrance, whole forests of rhododendrons have been set out, and in their season cover the hillsides with carpets of the loveliest blooms. Off on the right are the conservatories and greenhouses, truly mammoth struc- tures, devoted to all sorts of practical and beautiful uses. The house lawns are in perfect condition, and the planting everywhere, whether it be of evergreen, of shrubbery or perennials, is beautiful and decorative. One may literally tramp miles through this estate and see some new object of interest almost at every step. It is, in a very true sense, a notable home, one worthy to be loved and admired. 304 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 A pattern of fern fronds Designs Direct from Nature By S. Leonard Monica Bastin "T IS not a little remarkable in these times to observe the widespread desire to return ) to a more natural ordering of things. The 43 modern worldling, surrounded by all the NG artificial influence of an amazing civiliza- tion, finds that, after all, it is invariably de- lightful to heed the call of Nature. While it would be foolish to maintain that the great mother is entirely perfect in all her ways, yet there is no doubt that the patient observer may reap a rich reward from his study of natural objects. Thus, while we may not say that Nature is always artistic, we must admit that on occasion she may be a very good artist indeed. Asa matter of fact, we know that underlying all the apparent muddle of the living world there exists a marvelously rigid code of rules; the very posi- tion of the leaf on the twig being a circumstance which is adjusted with a mathematical precision. On the other hand, there are so many happenings which may affect the unit that a certain elasticity in the application of the rules is necessary. Nature holds the fulfilment of the artistic code as of second- ary importance when the well-being of the individual is threatened; so that while the perfect plant may be truly artistic, the average specimen is not by any means so. It is, perhaps, on this account that it is only within very recent times that the idea of direct nature patterns from the plant world has been regarded as at all possible. In the new school of direct nature designers there is one great underlying principle. Apart from the necessary ad- justments, the aim and object should be to preserve the original pattern. Of course, almost since men first learned to draw they have been in the habit of taking some natural object and adapting the form for ornamental purposes. The spirit in which the nature designer takes up the work must be entirely different. He must remember that he is not in any sense the artist of the pattern, and it is his place simply to reproduce the pattern, just as it has been conceived, as faithfully as in him lies. Certainly no one can expect to find the more finished plant patterns without a patient search. So many things prevent the plant from developing on straightforward lines—overcrowding, a shortage of mois- ture, difficulty in getting sufficient light, each and all of these may upset the normal growth of the plant. Indeed, it is really only when a specimen is in an isolated situation that it will evidence that fine balance of bearing which is so essential for the forming of a good pattern. Still, a ramble over the country-side is almost sure to be productive of a certain per- centage of examples, which provide some excellent types of nature designs. Asa general rule, too, the best patterns are to be found among the very humble plants. Some of the commonest wayside weeds present really at- tractive formations, the most striking of these being the numerous star-like designs which abound in the smaller com- posite species. These little plants have a curious habit of sending out their leaves close to the ground, and, as the 5 Seas ee be Nature’s own design for a wall-paper frieze August, 1909 The fern frond applied to a table-cloth foliage is produced with great precision, a very regular effect is the result. Again, the young fronds of some of the common ferns provide the wherewithal for the making of the most charming designs. A glance at one or two of the accompanying photographs will show the truly artistic nature of these patterns, and the instances shown are only a few out of an almost endless range of subjects which would be possible. Curiously enough, it is found that among nearly all kinds of succulent plants there exists a strong tendency to develop in a strikingly designed pattern. What could be more neat than the proper little rosette of the Sempervivum; each one of the small leaves seems to fit exactly into its place and to be indispensable to the success of the pattern. This rigidity of design is to be seen to a greater extent among the Cacti than anywhere else. Some of these plants might very well be patterned on the most exact geometrical principles, and by their appearance sug- gest that they have been cast in a mold. There is no doubt that the best idea of the value of any nature design is to be obtained by arranging the plants on a black velvet background. The material seems to throw up the outline to an extent which is not observed when a white or neutral setting is used. It is a very simple matter to fasten a piece of the velvet on to a flat board, nailing it down so that the substance is pulled tight and there are no wrinkles. It is most important that the pattern-making speci- mens should be quite fresh, and in order to keep them in this condition it is a good plan to place them as they are collected AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 305 into a tin. Herein they will keep fresh and firm for a long while. Of course, no unnecessary delay in transferring the design is permissible when once the specimens have been gathered, as even with the utmost care plants will all too Symmetry in fern tronds soon become shriveled, when they are useless for the purpose. Probably the surest mode of securing the nature pattern is by means of photography. ‘he plants or. parts of plants having been arranged on the velvet background, are simply placed in front of a camera and the resulting print is used as the design. Of course, the exact process depends some- what upon the article to be ornamented, but the transference of the pattern will be accomplished by means of tracing and carbon papers. By resorting to photography there is no doubt that the most faithful reproduction of the design is obtained, but, on the other hand, the work might very well be drawn out. Any one who was a sufficiently good draught- man to copy the nature pattern might easily dispense with the camera. It may be well, again, to insist on the fact that in order to keep the spirit of the new art we must try to reproduce the original form as nearly as is possible. The artist will almost certainly feel a great desire “‘to improve upon Nature,” and in doing so will, of course, destroy the whole point of the undertaking. Special care should be taken to ensure that strength of outline which adds so much to the realism of the pattern; this will be found to be of a good deal more importance than the details of the interior. With the novice it is strongly to be advised that the worker should spend a short while in examining the parts of the plant before any attempt is made to reproduce the design in Arranging nature designs Transferring the pattern to the linen 306 Dandelion actual work. Of course, the final effect will depend, to a large extent, upon the suitability of the design to the particular purpose for which it is employed. This is a matter which should receive a good deal of at- tention in order to avoid incongruity in the applica- tion of the design. Indeed, there are few handicrafts in which it is possible to exercise so much origin- ality as in the matter of nature designing. Within the limits of the present article it is only possible briefly to indicate the purposes which the nature patterns may be made to serve. In all branches of artistic handi- craft the direct nature de- signs are very successfully used. Possibly they are more adapted to articles of needlework than anything else. The great variety of silks and shadings which are at one’s disposal give plenty of scope for repro- ducing the copy to the best AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fern frond pattern August, 1909 Euphorbia possible advantage, whereas in doing poker work or wood-carving it is, perhaps, more difficult to follow the finer details of the design. Nevertheless, some very striking work may be done in these di- rections. In needlework, however, a wide range of effects can be obtained by the help of a number of different stitches, and the accomplished neecdle- woman will soon be able to decide exactly the way of working which will most faithfully give the impres- sion of the nature design that is being carried out. It is certainly less easy to copy directly living plants and leaves than to work from an_ ordinary drawn-out pattern. One reason for this is that more detail must be given, and yet it has to be in- serted in such a way that it will be quite lost in the finished effect when the design is completed, and the whole process ended. Rosette of houseleek Cactus pattern —S Star pattern from weed August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3°] A long rambling house overlooking the sea the Summer Home of Miss Annie E. Quimby Bridgehampton, Long Island By Paul Thurston ISS QUIMBY’S summer home is designed (yY with fine taste. The character of the house 1 is found in its elongated and rambling effect, spread with its greatest breadth to the sea. The shingle-work of the first story, the half timber-work of the second story, and the overhanging and sloping roof of shingles make a harmonious whole. The shingle- work is left to weather finish a natural silver gray color, which is quite in contrast with the soft brown stain of the trim and beams, and the gray tone of the stucco-work. The piazzas are admirably arranged, and are so placed that they do not obstruct the sunshine from any one of the rooms on the first floor, which is a very important feature in house-building. The front entrance is reached from the piazza and _ opens directly into the liv- ing-hall, which occu- pies the main part of the house. This living-hall, as well FIRST F1L00R BED Roam and another door permits one to pass into the kitchen. and laundry are fitted with all the modern conveniences. six bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor and ample closet space. The bathroom has a Welsh tile floor, and porcelain fixtures as the entire house, is treated with exposed timber-work. The studs of the frame were dressed before being set up, and the exterior sheathing and interior partitions were beaded before being placed on to the framework and are shown in the room. The entire woodwork is of North Carolina pine, treated with hard oil finish and varnish. A graceful staircase, with an ornamental balustrade, sweeps up ina recess to the second story, under which there is a nook with a window-seat. The fireplace, built of brick, is fur- BEDROOM nished with a gray stone shelf sup- ported on brick corbels. The dining-room, ceparated from the living-room by an arch- way, is treated in a similar manner. It has exposures on two sides, insuring good light and a perfect ventilation. A large, open fire- place is built at one end of the room, and is constructed of brick with facings rising up to the ceiling. Simple’shelves are placed at one side of the fireplace, on which are placed antique china. On the opposite side of the fireplace a door opens into the butler’s pantry, The kitchen There are Second Floor 308 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 The porch and gables of the inner front with exposed nickelplated plumbing. Messrs. Mann & room containing three stalls. The second story is finished MacNeille, of New York, were the architects of this very off in two apartments, one for the coachman and the other interesting house. for the storage of hay and feed. Much planting has been The stable, designed in keeping with the house, is well- done about the property, and especially around the stable and equipped. It contains a large carriage-room, and a stable- tea-house. The whole has as a background a privet hedge. The living-room has exposed timber-work in walls and ceiling August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 309 One hardly needs to dwell on _ the charm of this de- lightful summer home—for a sum- mer home it is, and nothing else, since houses of this size and style are only built at Bridge- hampton for sum- mer use. Moreover, it has all the char- acteristics of the summer home. Sub- stantially built, its rambling plan, its ample rooms, its form of structure, and its graceful ar- chitecture are each and all eminently expressive of tht summer home of the best type. And this type is that in which con- venience and sim- plicity are supreme in every part. Miss Quimby’s home is Exposed structure is the feature of the dining-room The stable harmonizes with the house ornate enough to meet the most exact- ing taste, but it is eminently simple and direct, so simple and direct as to be wholly structural, a style of building that is often the most satisfactory, and which is here perfectly so. Of distinguishing characteristics, the most pronounced is the exposed finish of the interior. Simple as this is in concep- tion, it often fails in execution. A fine success is obtained here, a success that is at once pictur- esque and homelike. It is not the least at- traction of ‘‘Annes- den” that with a uniform style of this kind the interior is so cheery and so homelike. 310 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 Playhouses for Children By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the Author HE children of to-day are indeed fortunate, for many advantages and pleasures are theirs which were unheard of fifty years ago. Among other things once considered merely foolish innovations is the playhouse, which is fast becoming more and more popular. This happy solution of the prob- lem of amusing the little folks has been hit upon in more cases than one, and the enjoyment which these little houses afford both parents and_ chil- dren is ample return for any trouble that may be taken to se- cure them. At Marblehead Neck, Mass., is lo- cated one of these playhouses which is most artistic. It is the property of Mrs. Frank E. Pea- body, and was built some years ago for her daughter’s use. This little cottage is situated on the slope of a hill not far from the main house, and its shin- gle finish of deep red, with white window trimmings and door, harmon- ize well with the setting of shrubs and vines amid which it is placed. From a small porch, covered with ram- bler roses in their season, one enters the single large room which com- prises the play- house. This room is made light and cheery by a great many small casement windows which open outward like diminutive glass doors. The walls of the room are sheathed in hard wood and shellaced. The floor is of hard wood richly polished. Built- in shelves and a window-seat, under which may be stored un- needed things, are features which add greatly to the con- venience of the playhouse. A generous supply of cushions grace the window-seat and easy chairs and give a touch of color to the furnishings. College banners and posters identify this room as a typical girl’s den, and with its simple, sensible furniture it is an ideal place for a lark. On the playhouse porch From an old bathhouse was evolved an interesting play- house at Salem, Mass. It is on the water’s edge, and, like the other, consists of one large room only. This little house, shingled in natural wood with white trimmings, has a broad veranda across the front overlooking the water and suggest- ing story-books and fancy-work, or afternoon tea parties.. Some one cooked on the tiny stove in one corner of the cot- tage, and served in camp style by the enthusiastic young folks. An old pi- ano, which has out- grown its useful- ness in the home, does duty for the jolly impromptu dances which often terminate the even- ing’s fun. In Cohasset are two attractive little playhouses designed for practical use. One, the favorite retreat of a number of boys, is a simple little shingle house, with porches across both front and rear. The furnishings are just such as a boy delights in, for there is nothing elaborate to be dam- aged if the fellows ‘“‘rough-house”’ it up a bit. Above the main room is a small loft, in which the boys’ footballs, boxing- gloves, _ tennis- raquets and net, baseball bats, and similar treasures are stored when not in use. The other play- house is a most at- tractive little four- room cottage, fully equipped for housekeeping on a small scale. The exterior is shingled, and a latticed porch, with built-in seats on either side of the doorway, is on the front of the house. Flowers and shrubs surround the playhouse, and brackets fastened under the windows support wooden boxes filled with flowers and vines. On the first floor of the cottage there are three good rooms: a living-room, a dining-room, and a kitchen. The walls of these rooms are sheathed and the ceiling as well. Dainty ruffled curtains of white muslin hang at the windows and rugs cover the floors. In the living-room a number of August, 1909 A playhouse fireplace framed pictures are on the wall, and the table, easy chair and mantel-shelf all go to give a most home-like appearance. AMERICAN HOMES A ane 7 Bete Oo oe a 4 ND GARDENS The Paine playhouse has the character of a real cottage A white-enameled bookcase in one corner of the room has long curtains of white cretonne, figured with a wild-rose pattern. At the doorway leading into the dining- room hang portieres of the same material, and above it is a picture of roses in a long A shelf filled with photo- graphs, bits of pottery and souvenirs of narrow frame. many a jolly vacation ex- cursion takes the place of the conventional plate-rail in the little dining-room. A cretonne-covered couch, plentifully supplied with sofa pillows, invites one to lay aside care and indulge in delightful day-dreams, and the little round table, with its embroidered center- piece and bowl of flowers, brings to one’s mind a sug- gestion of dainty luncheons and merry suppers held in this cozy cottage. Opening directly from the dining- room is the handy little kitchen, in which these oc- casional repasts are pre- A portable playhouse Work KOO/L 12 6X KL VT CLIEN 126% Le, FIRST FLOOR Playhouse on the estate of Wm. A. Paine, Philips Beach, Mass. The pared. Fitted up with a small stove, a sink, cooking utensils, it is really a very convenient place. On the second floor there is one room only. This is finished with two cot-beds, a small washstand and a number of chairs. rangements two girls could easily sleep in the playhouse if the idea of keeping house all by themselves a few days chanced to appeal to their With such ar- imagination. Woodbine or ivy climb- ing over a cottage shingled in natural wood produces a most charming effect. A one-room house of this de- scription was attractively fitted up by its girl owner. Across one corner of the room were built a number of rounding shelves. From the top of this improvised cupboard hung a curtain of flowered cretonne, hiding the dishes, pans and small oil-stoves, which were pressed into service in the preparation of those little suppers to which the favored friends of the “garden house” at Magnolia 312 young mistress were occasionally invited. Cretonne of the same design was used for the cover- ing of a broad win- dow-seat, and the numerous __ pillows scattered about in chairs and ham- mocks, while full, straight curtains of the same design hung at the win- dows and bookcases. The walls of the playhouse, which were of unpainted boards — simply planed smooth were adorned with a great variety of unframed _ sketches in pencil, ink and water-colors. These pictures were the work of the young owner of the house, who was artistically inclined. A child’s _ play- house which is somewhat out of the ordinary is situ- ated in Andover, Mass., on the estate of Mr. William M. Wood. The large two-story building, which has been given over entirely to the young peo- ple, is located on the edge of a beautiful artificial lake, and the board piazza, built out over the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Playhouse built by Mrs. Frank E. Peabody August, 1909 water and shaded by large willow trees, is a delightfully cool spot on a warm sum- mer’s afternoon. On entering the building, one dis- covers that it is indeed a playhouse, but of a sort quite different from those already described. The whole lower floor is a single large room, at one end of which a little stage, equipped with a drop-curtain and footlights, has been arranged. The decorations of “‘Ar- den Theater,” as it is called by the chil- dren, are in Japa- nese style, and all the furniture is of bamboo and wicker. Comfortable loung- ing-chairs and con- venient little Eng- lish tea-carts are set about here and there; and saueeae house gives a touch. This is designed for afternoon fétes, and adds an Oriental touch to the room. Here the children are allowed to give all sorts of perform- ances and amateur plays, which they enjoy. The photographs show other interest- ing playhouses. : — ACH of the dwellings presented in this in- teresting group of small houses shows a design of distinctive character with distinc- tive features. The first house (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) illus- trated is a stucco house, built for Mr. E. W. Roy, at Lawrence Park, Bronxville, . Y., from the plans of William A. Bates, architect, New York. The entire framework is covered with metal lath and finished with a pebble dash stucco. The roof is shingled and stained green. The interior has a white-painted trim and mahogany- finished doors. The hall has an ornamental Colonial staircase. The fire- place in the living-room is built of brick. The dining-room has a high-faced fireplace and mantel. The service end of the house is complete in its equipment. The second floor is conveniently arranged. The bath- room is tiled and furnished with porcelain fixtures. The third floor contains servants’ rooms and trunk room. The cellar 4 cs - = pe 2—The dining-room of Mr. Roy’s house of Small Houses Inexpensive Designs of Real Interest By Francis Durando Nichols contains a fuel room, heat- ing apparatus and laundry. | 2ebzoow 5 AEP : eM FA Cost, $7,000. Q zehRoor | sre | win |== | = =i BED ROOM | | BED koow. i yb | | BED ROOM Oo _ Mr. Claude Bragdon, of Rochester, N. Y., was the archi- tect of Mr. Lansing C. Hoskins’ house (Figs. 4 and 5) at Geneva, N. Y. Mr. Bragdon accepted the style of the Colo- nial house, such as is to be found in many of the typical New England villages. The interior has a white-painted trim. The walls are covered with artistic wall-papers of fine Colonial design. The hall has a low Colonial wainscoting and a Colonial staircase. The living-room has a brick fireplace and an old Colonial mantel. Bookcases are built in at either side of the fireplace. The dining-room has a seven-foot batten wainscoting. [he but- ler’s pantry is fitted complete. The kitchen in the basement is thoroughly equipped. The _base- [six PANTRY | LIVING ROOM LIAZZA LINING ROOM HALL eae 3—The floor plans of Mr. Roy’s house AMERICAN HOME Tag i hw eee ee | ib mae | i | ee hot Obs eRaag nenmnna Taeoe” * S F 5—The plans of Mr. Hoskins’ house are unique in | E AN) 4—Mr. Hoskins’ house is typical of the old Colonial their GA bs arrangement ay ba ee SECOND FLOOR PLAN | Veranda 7—The feature of the first floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is the inglenook 6—The house of Mr. C. W. Partridge is of wood with shingles on the exterior B6KIG ii oc) ato y —— = = Second jLooe =: Lbarry 6x26 7 ut Dining Boork . x/ | oz a foros || Derwing Poors Parezre Yakl i PR 6KEE 73 orf G | i Porc [7237 JLooR 13—The plans of Mr. Martin’s house are 12—The house of Mr. Henry J. Martin at Dyker Heights, New York economical in arrangement AND GARDENS 1 Phe ae NM é m4 ae 1% E meetin ¢ floor plans of Mr. Smith’s house are excellent Chamber 14 «15 auth bec 8—The second floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is well arranged [iaz27 [Loor. Secon /Loor 14—The floor plans of Mr. Arlington’s house 15—Mr. Arlington’s house is of the gambrel-roof type i 315 314 4—Mr. Hoskins’ house is typical of the old Colonial 6—The house of Mr. C. W. Partridge is of wood with shingles on the exterior 12—The house of Mr. Henry J. Martin at Dyker Heights, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS DINING PML LIVING EMM FIRST FLOOR PLAN 5—The plans of Mr. Hoskins’ house are unique in their arrangement A Group of Small Houses Costing from $3,000 to $10,000 7—The feature of the first floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is the inglenook 13—The plans of Mr. Martin's house are economical in arrangement a i Veranda i [om im) —_ ee Bré, Dox =D peasy | Sana Paez 10—The floor plans of Mr. Smith's house are excellent Roo} 8—The second floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is well arranged Tres7 floor res] Score flooe 14—The floor plans of Mr. Arlington's house iL 705 Ui 9—Another view of Mr. Partridge’s house 15—Mr. Arlington's house is of the gambrel-roof type 316 ment also contains a laundry, cold-stor- age room, store pantry, fuel room and heating appa- ratus. There are four bedrooms and a tiled bathroom on the second floor. There is a serv- ants’ room and am- ple storeroom in the attic. Cost, $10,000. Mr. C. W. Par- tridge’s house ( Figs. Gano, ald 9) sat Scarsdale, N. Y., was built from the plans of William S. Philips, architect, of New York. It is a shingle house dis- tinct from the others in the group. The interior has a white- painted trim. ‘The inglenook, with its brick fireplace and hearth, is the fea- ture of the living- room. There are three bedrooms and a tiled bathroom on the second floor. Cost, $3,500. The house, Figs. 10 and 11, was built fone Vo. Smith. SG seat, ao Ont fi Framingham, Mass., from the plans of Ralph Saw- yer, of Boston, Massachusetts. 18—The fireplace is the feature of the living-room of the Williams’ house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS s+— ) a = = ta el ee i NG eh $L-CHINACLOS,- ' "3 GAA E\ | | ener Ete" i = 2 = \ 7, | == po es ~ Sl = (eg) ] Back HALL Ike i 0 i “Gro: | St ONA RD Dinina Reo Kircney i Oi i Ono "Are PANY DY CHAMBER Sret CHAMBER \ gp EPOPKH 2 17K 10-7O" Sone | M1-2'xlo-so" “ yaa Seat Tes, > ° 0 ® ® N SSS >>4 6:0" 70.ceuING. SSS== |S ft ROOF, ro) COUN eine O@ me) = FlnANG B22 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The “Wayside Inn” bind By Esther Singleton The photographs accompanying this article are Copyrighted, 1898, by E. R. Lemon The Arms of the How family, the original proprietors in 1683 two hundred and twenty-three years of ee continuous history as can the “Red Horse ~\ Tavern” of Sudbury, Mass., twenty-two miles from Boston, and immortalized by Longfellow as the “Wayside Inn,” prob- ably inspired by “The Tabard” and Chau- cer’s ‘‘Canterbury Pilgrims.” Those who love to restore the people and quaint manners and customs of past centuries in places that have legendary, historical or romantic associa- tions can find no trace of Chaucer’s hostelry in Southwark when they cross London Bridge to visit old and picturesque St. Saviour’s, where an older poet than Chaucer—John Gower—lies in his richly carved and painted tomb; but the traveler who wishes to see a typical American inn of Colo- nial and Revolutionary days can happily visit a good speci- men at Sudbury. Here, too, he may picture and people the past; for, being situated on the old Post Road from Boston to New York, the ‘Way- side Inn” has enter- tained all sorts and conditions of men and women. Among the noted travelers who have been guests of ‘“The Red Horse”’ may be mentioned Judge Sewall, the famous witchcraft jurist of Massachusetts, who noted in his diary in’ T700)t hat hie stopped at How’s Tavern in Sudbury. General Washing- ton was also here on several occasions: Coach used by General de Lafayette at the laying of the corner-stone of Bunker Hill Monument Sign of the ‘‘ Wayside Inn”’ on his way to take command of the army at Cambridge; on his return to the Hudson River; and during his tour in New England when President. General Burgoyne also rested here when he traveled as prisoner from Albany to Boston. Among other noted travelers who have enjoyed its hospitality were Madame Knight, the Marquis de Lafayette, General Artemas Ward, John Adams, John Hancock, Daniel Webster, Rufus Choate, and many distinguished men of letters. Twice a week the mail coach passed, and the stage brought many passengers from time to time. Guests also arrived in private carriages and coaches of all descriptions, and upon horseback; and in the winter in sleighs of every variety from the rude box, or basket, upon runners of the country- men to the painted shell of the rich Bostonian, luxurious with fur robes and drawn by spirited horses whose harness jingled with merry silver bells. Sleds piled high with dead deer and other game frozen stiff on the way from the hills and mountains of New York and Ver- mont to Boston were often stored while the huntsmen and drivers thawed out in the cheerful tap- room and refreshed themselves with a night’s rest. In the summer time flocks of geese and _tur- keys, and droves of cattle and hogs passed on their way to market, or were sheltered by their drovers in the yards at night. Now the automobile takes the place of the lum- August, 1909 August, 1909 The wainscoted sitting-room bering stage-coach and cattle and poultry travel by rail; but, although manners and customs have changed, the old inn has not, nor have the great forest trees that waved their strong branches over the Indian wigwams long before the totem of the ““Red Horse”’ was hung in their midst. The house is fortunate in being far from the town and isolated in its green frame of oaks and elms. Far across the meadows and rolling hills the windows gleam red with the glow of the firelight within; and on many an autumn night Longfellow’s description is still appropriate: “Round this old-fashioned, quaint abode Deep silence reigned, save when a gust Went rushing down the country road, And skeletons of leaves, and dust A moment quickened by its breath, Shuddered and danced their dance of death, And through the ancient oaks o’erhead Mysterious voices reigned and fled.” The famous hostelry was built about 1686 by David Howe, the son of John Howe, of Marlboro, Mass., and it was known as Howes’ (or How’s) Tavern until 1746, when Ezekiel Howe hung up the sign of ‘““The Red Horse.” Ezekiel was a man of no little importance, as was often the landlord of a tavern in Colonial days. He became an offi- cer in the Revolutionary Army, and his commission as colonel, signed by John Hancock, is still extant in Sudbury. On his death in 1796, his son, Adam, became landlord of “The Red Horse,” which he kept until his death in 1840. From this date until 1860, his son Lyman was the proprietor. He was also a man of importance in the community, was justice of the peace, and known in Sudbury as “‘the Squire,” under which name Longfellow describes him in his “Tales of a Wayside Inn,” published in 1863. To Longfellow the old inn owes its celebrity. It was a favorite ren- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 323 dezvous in the fifties for the poet and his friends who told each other tales in verse as they sat round the fireside and were charmed with in- terludes from the magic violin of Ole Bull. The inn Longfellow describes is as follows: “As ancient is this hostelrie As any in the land may be, Built in the old Colonial day, When men lived in a grander way, With ampler hospitality. A kind of old Hobgoblin Hall, Now somewhat fallen to decay, With weather stains upon the wall, And stairways worn, and crazy doors, And creaking and uneven floors, And chimneys huge and tiled and tall. A region of repose it seems, A place of slumber and of dreams, Remote among the wooded hills! For there no noisy railway speeds, Its torch-race scattering smoke and gleeds; But noon and night, the panting teams Stop under the great oaks, that throw Tangles of light and shade below, On roofs and doors and window-sills; Across the road the barns display Their lines of stalls, their mows of hay; Through the wide doors the breezes blow; The wattled cocks strut to-and-fro, And, half effaced by rain or shine, The Red Horse prances on the sign.” When Longfellow’s ‘Tales of a Wayside Inn” were pub- lished ‘“The Red Horse” was closed; for Squire Howe died in 1860. ‘The house still remained in possession of the Howe family until 1897, when it was sold to Mr. E. R. Lemon, who restored it to its old appearance; hung up the sign of “The Red Horse” once again, and filled the rooms with a fine collection of old furniture and old New Eng- land curios. Tap-room with its wooden portcullis 324 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a ee rTM 8 pete. *, The dining-room has an ancient crane and kettle Several years ago a traveler described the historic house as follows: “Coming from the direction of Marlborough, at a little distance, the gambrel roof of the ‘Wayside Inn’ peeps above a dense mass of foliage. A sharp turn of the road, which once passed under a triumphal arch composed of two lordly elms, and you are before the house itself. Formerly the capacious barns and tall sign-posts stood across the old grass-bordered country road, which leads straight up to the tavern door. ‘The general appearance of things, however, has been much altered by the building of a new macadam August, 1909 road past the spot by the State. But let us go in. ‘Everything remains as of old. There is the bar in one corner of the common room, with its wooden portcullis, made to be hoisted or let down at pleasure, but over which never appeared the ominous an- nouncement, ‘No liquors sold over this bar.’ The little desk, where the tipplers’ score was set down, and the old escritoire, looking as if it might have come from some hos- pital for decayed and battered fur- niture, are there now. ‘The bare floor, which once received its regu- lar morning sprinkling of clean white sea-sand; the bare beams and timbers everhead, from which the whitewash has fallen in flakes, and the very oak of which is seasoned with the spicy vapors steaming from pewter flagons, all remind us of the good old days be- fore the introduction of steam and the multitudinous uses of electricity, and the flood of new ideas. Governors, mag- istrates, generals, with scores of others whose names are remembered with honor, have been here to quaff a health or indulge in a drinking-bout. “In the guests’ room, on the left of the entrance, the win- dow-pane bears the following recommendation, cut with a gem that sparkled on the finger of that young roysterer, William Molineux, Jr., whose father was the man that walked beside the King’s troops in Boston to save them from A typical American inn of Colonial and Revolutionary days a August, 1909 the insults of the townspeople—the friend of Otis and of John Adams: [RM ea ee TE, Biisine “What do you think Here is good drink Perhaps you may not know it; If not in haste do stop and taste Yon merry folk will shew it. Wm. Molineux, Jr., Esq. 24th June, 1774, Boston.’ “The writers’ hand became un- steady at the last line, and it looks as though his rhyme had halted while he turned to some companion for a hint, or, what is perhaps more likely, here gave manual evi- dence of the potency of his draughts. “A ramble through the house awakens many memories. You are shown the travelers’ room, which they of lesser note occupied in com- mon, and the State chamber where Washington and La- fayette are said to have rested. In the garret the slaves were accommodated, and the crooknecks and red peppers hung from the rafters. Unfortunately, the old blazonry and other interesting family memorials have disappeared under the auctioneer’s hammer.”’ “The Red Horse”’ to-day has more of a home-like appear- ance. ‘The sitting-room, or parlor, with its claw-and-ball- foot mahogany chairs, comfortable sofa, tall clock, old prints and portraits, spider-legged tables, rugs, books and curtained windows, seems more like the room of a private country house than of a tavern. Here, too, are some choice ANERTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS The rooms are filled with a fine collection of old furniture pieces of furniture, including an excellent mirror with carved and guilt frame, and an ancient piano. The paneling is excellent, though very simple. In the dining-room may be seen an old fireplace where the kettle still hangs on the crane and the big log crackles, and sends its ruby sparks up to the broad chimney as of yore. The old tap-room is the most interesting corner of the house. Here the original heavy timbers prove how much more attractive is an open ceiling than a plastered one. On the left of the door is the old bar. The fireplace is ample, and an old oak “butterfly” table, so called from the The inn is isolated in its green frame of oaks and elms 326 AMERICAN HOMES Bedroom occupied by Lafayette shape of the support of the leaf, delights the eye of the anti- quary and lover of old furniture. Among the other interest- ing pieces in Mr. Lemon’s collection are an oak settle-chair, or chair-table, owned originally by Colonel Jonathan Rice, of the Revolutionary Army, who kept the Rice Tavern in Sudbury; an old maple writing-chair in the Windsor style with drawer under the seat, and owned by Gen- eral Artemas Ward, of the Revolutionary Army, and given to the ‘Wayside Inn” by his descendant, Samuel Ward, of Shrews- bury, and removed from the old Ward House in that town by Mr. Lemon; two of the cabin chairs from the flagship “Hartford”; a mahogany claw-foot arm- chair, owned by John Lemon, appointed postmaster of Beverly, Mass., by John Adams; and a carved oak writing-desk, dated 1684. Not the least interesting article in his collection is the old carriage seen in the accompanying illustration, and which has conveyed many a tired traveler to the hospitable door of “The Red Horse.” The old carriage represented has an interesting history, for in it General Lafayette drove to Boston to be present at the laying of the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill Monument. On his arrival in Bos- ton for this great occasion he said to his friends: ‘In all my travels through the country, I have made Bunker Hill my polar star.’”’ On that memorable day, June 17, 1825, when Daniel Webster delivered the address, Lafayette received from the Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, John Abbot, who laid the corner-stone, the trowel and spread the first layer of cement. It is a rare old place, dowered with charms both new and old. For among American inns it stands unique, at once so old and so livable, an inn really ancient as buildings are counted in America, and of more than respectable antiquity as habi- tated structures are counted anywhere. It is restful, in these days of lofty modern hostelries, to seek quiet in the fine old rooms Portrait of Ole-Bull, the celebrated violinist AND GARDENS August, 1909 of the ‘‘Red Horse Tavern.” Here the whole world is at peace, and there is naught amiss. It is true the motor-car is a bit out of place beneath these dark old walls, but not more so than before many an older building elsewhere. Here, at least, these very modern contrivances help to keep the old inn alight and alive, for they bring it goodly custom, and help to make it to-day quite as much of a landmark as it was by right in the older time. No! if the coach used by General de Lafayette appears a bit out of keeping with modern ideas, it was surely in the very fin- est of style when it was first used. And the finest carriage of any age is none too good for mine host of the ‘““Wayside Inn.” So the latest of motor-cars may siss and splut- ter without the door, and, with all its splendor and finery, perform no other task than did the ancient stage-coach which, like its modern successor, served the humble purposes of conveying guests to this hospitable place. And that the hospitality was hearty and welcome the history of the old inn tells us many and many a time. We may be assured that the great folk of bygone days would not have stopped here had they not been certain of a hearty wel- come and comforting fare. ‘The quaint old rooms still speak aloud the homeliness of the place and tell us—almost—what sort of folk once congregated here and the fare they had. The history of the past and the present are both united and exemplified in this rare old building. Its old walls witnessed alike the rise of the republic and its later boundless expansion. If in our own day it is no longer the scene of great historic events, if our national leaders no longer give it distinction and fame, it is only be- cause the center of our national life has shifted since its more brilliant days. Its rooms are still spacious and quite as avail- able as they ever were; but if it is no longer noted for its guests, it has but entered upon a newer and greener old age, that, we may trust, will endure for many years to come. Long may it last, for its fame is settled and sure! Bedroom occupied by Longfellow August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 327 The Rochester Cheap Cottage Competition The First and Second Prize Designs By Sarah Tompkins Smith COMPETITION recently conducted by ' the Chamber of Commerce of Roch- petition has been the stress laid upon the sanitary aspects of the houses, and the solution of the problems involved In a sanitary way. estemm UNE Y.9- for Somewhat strangely, it may appear designs for cheap cottages has pro- duced results of deep general interest which are bound to attract wide atten- at first sight, the first prize in the first two classes was won by a young Rochester girl, Miss Esther M. Byers. As a matter of fact, this is not at all tion. The problem presented in this competition was one of the most difh- singular. Architects of standing are not given to the study of the problems cult known to architects. It is true it involved in this competition; like most men they have their living to make, did not call for grandiose design nor for splendid drawings; but it was con- cerned with one of the most practical and their studies and work are quite naturally concerned with more ambi- of all architectural problems, the tious structures. But Miss Byers is on the threshold of an architectural housing of people of very moderate means in an exceedingly economical manner that would be at once hygienic and sound, and if not beautiful in expression, as the phrase is generally understood in architecture, at least adequate and satisfying. It was a competition that attracted wide attention, more than a hundred competitors submitted their ideas to the committee of judgment. The constitution of this committee was itself of interest, since it was composed of an architect, a fire-marshal, a contractor, a lumberman and a manufac- turer. Obviously it was a practical committee of the most practical kind, a committee that was certain to take into consideration the actual practical conditions involved, and not be influenced by esthetic requirements, as is the popular notion anent architects. The problem was, in brief, the preparation of designs of houses of three — y ————— S || s700P Laer costs: first, not to $1,250, and, third, DINING ROOM NOtmELONme feet: || Four Hills ; TWO ROWS TOMATOES | ( Summer Squash ) : : tefeerliCarrotss ceseen tact antes: bien a stine cee spn ensietenmneeeaesee- all UGS BOGE bansmnas Geraniums (« BE a BB Ve Para | Se EIDE nase anaas S as I shoot Whee ke PAESIE Yi cas. stad acces ostesecaeeccsate denne ete nen eRe eEn Ee Parsley......... et ohe ete ll ire eect ate har ca na eemen chen Cauliflower oc scccs oe eueeeeaieet Gis eee PoStfoot lt seeeascecies seen oer Salvias*or Nasturtiums jeacsceeeecesteeeceeee teen a eenee A £ { Bae ao Coe eee ener One Row’ Spinach::<..c2-:e-.----95-ete eee eee 72 RE CUA tumttet Nee od enter Two Rows Cabbage! iancces-ceeeecae scene eeeeee 37 7 TEE: | IlASaeas acotecacc cones Two Rows Peas—Brush- Between ............s0000eseeeee Di - “Shee bella couit amet an cacenr One Row Beans and Mignonette ......0......0000ee0. Diese KE CTH || ees cuscit dsotte ane eee nee One Row Beans—Dater™ ©. -.2.25: cee eee eee 62 -sfe eb Iiascateekecceaces nevacukees Four Rows Peas—Two Plantinoss.:.-es-cs- cee Lens _..... Three Rows in Three Plantings of Sweet Corn ............... T $e etl <4 Butane cess mee cote vaarnmeeeetents Winter’ Squashsaiesjccs sect ec. Cee ece enone the center and should be picked before the out- side is in its deepest color. Never lay them in the sun to ripen. “They need the dark. Beyond the tomatoes and squash vines our plan gives a foot and a half of space for one row partly of carrots and partly of turnips or parsnips. [he plants make a pretty border for the four-foot-wide path through the cen- ter of the garden. In the middle of this path I suggest a bed about eight feet long, devoted to scarlet geraniums or verbenas. Either of these will blossom all summer and make a bright spot in sight from every path of the plot. The other border of this wide path may well be parsley. Next to this, in a space eighteen inches wide, a row of cauliflowers may be set. When the heads are well started the large leaves should be tied over them with rafha or a strip of cloth half an inch wide (not string), and thus protected they will whiten to perfection. In the adajcent foot I suggest a row either of salyias or nasturtiums of a dwarf variety. The latter have the advantage of blossoming earlier, of furnishing in their seeds a toothsome addi- tion to any pickles, and in their leaves a spice to any salad. In the next space of four and a half feet there is room for two rows of spinach and one of cabbage. “Then may come in a three-foot space, two rows of peas. Arrange them so that the brush upon which they are supported is between the rows. I have not succeeded with the varieties of peas left unsupported, and August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS OUR own individual rug, dif- ferent from all other rugs, and in a high-class wool fabric adapted to your own decorations. If the rugs in stock colors do not suit your requirements we will make one that will, either plain, self-tone or contrast. All sizes up to twelve feet wide, any length. Seamless, wool weft, reversible, heavy and durable. Sold by best shops or write for color line and price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE & Co., NEW YORK. THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, AUBURN, N. y, SONAL UDINE LEY Cattle Manure Shredded or © in Bagsruiverized Best and safest manure for florists and greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, no danger. Write for circular and prices. —— The Pulverized Manure Co. ==) 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. No Night F ireman-Needed] WITH THIS ONLY SELF-FEEDING HEATER The Wilks Hot Water Heater furnishes the safest, easiest, cheapest way to provide heat and hot water at all times for farm buildings, garages, cottages, poultry houses, brooders, green-houses, golf and yacht clubs, etc., and is the only heater that feeds itself. Improved coal mag- azine keeps an even fire 1o hours. Wilks Heaters are built of best steeZ instead of the unreliable cast iron commonly used. Strongly riveted, caulked and reinforced. Write for Free Book describing, giving sizes, prices, etc. State full particulars and we will zecommend the best heater for your needs, and guar- antee it to give satisfaction if installed according to our directions. S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 3504 Shields Avenue, Chicago The most valuable crop in the world. Easily grown throughout the U. S. and Canada. Room in your garden to grow thousands of dollars’ worth. Roots and Seeds for sale. Send 4c. for postage and get our booklet A-V, telling all aboutit. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assigtant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10x12% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., FAA. é Consulting Architect and Author of “Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Part I. Masons Work 420 Pages, 260 Illustrations Part II. Carpenters’ Work 550 Pages. 530 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Part III. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 292 Pages, 306 Illustrations Each volume 7x 9% inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. ee Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, NewYork Sold Separately BUILDING so recommend the use of brush. Every garden should have at least three plantings of peas. Those in this space should be the latest, may be put in six weeks after the first, and should be planted an inch or a trifle more deep. The earlier ones need only to be covered with the soil. I approve of putting the seeds not more than half an inch apart in the shallow trench made for them. In the next two-foot space plant beans, to be used early as string beans. At intervals of a foot apart in sowing, you may leave spaces of six inches in which to sow mignonette seed. The next two-foot space is for a second crop of beans, sown from two to three weeks after the first. Then come two three-foot spaces planned for two plantings of two rows each of peas. The very earliest, planted as soon as the ground can be worked, I would put in the outer of these spaces. “The peas ought to be ready early in June. “They can then have their places taken by the last planting of sweet corn. The remaining seven feet of space may well be devoted to corn, the earliest (Early Cory) being planted near the outer edge of the gar- den. As soon as this planting is so large that it can no longer be cultivated, between the hills, seeds of Hubbard or. Boston Marrow squashes may be planted. They will be well started while the corn is maturing, and after that is picked the stalks should be removed and the squashes given all the space in which to spread. ‘They can lie till October. Along this extreme edge of the garden I suggest that dahlia bulbs be set. They will be ready to blossom after the first, second and third plantings of corn are past. When you take up your last pea vines, unless it should happen to be very dry, you can sow spinach and turnips, with good prospect of having a crop by late November. HOME-MADE TOOLS FOR THE AMATEUR GARDENER THE WORK TABLE By Ida D. Bennett N OUT-OF-DOOR work table is al- most a necessity if one is to carry on any considerable gardening operations, or if one’s gardening is wholy confined to the growing of indoor plants and flowers. Plants must be potted and repotted, bulbs cleaned and prepared for winter, and there must al- ways be a place to keep things where they can be found when wanted, and what better place could be desired than a roomy table under a light shed, or even on the shady side of the house? The shed affords the advantage of being tenable in all sorts of weather, and if it has an earthen floor all the better, as there will then be no bother with the removal of every bit of spilled earth. The table may be of the roughest so that it is roomy and of a convenient height to work at—a discarded kitchen table, a roughly put together table of boards or a discarded door laid across a couple of carpenter’s horses an- swers admirably; but a regular table four or five feet long and about two and a half feet across with a four-inch board nailed along the back and ends is on the whole most satis- factory. “The object of the board at back and end is to allow of the laying of pots on their sides rather than standing in piles where they are easily knocked over and broken, and also require more room. A roomy drawer under the table and a half shelf near the floor adds greatly to the convenience of the table, as the drawer forms a safe receptacle for packages of XXIll & ae CRAFTSMAN HOUSE =) FROM CORNERSTONE. PCHINNEY-POT CURIOUSLY SUGGESTS THE CHARACTER °F ITS UNIQUE INTERIOR THIS TYPE OF COUNTRY HOME is a combination of art, comfort and economy, incl ing fireproof features in hollow brick, with ti late or asbestos roofs. We design and build them any- where, all under one contract. z All materials and unique devices prepared in our own shops, including woodcraft, metal work and wall reliefs. No objection to building according to your own plans and specifications, We invite your inspection of many attractive houses and bungalows built in the last few years, also numerous sketches at our studios. This work is in a class by itself. No increase in cost over ordinary types. BUILDERS*%CRAFT SMEN COMPANY S8WEST S28P STREET NEW YORK INVESTIGATE OUR BUILDING METHOD JUST PUBLISHED Bungalows, Camps & Mountain Houses Consisting of a large variety of designs by a number of architects, showing buildings that have been erected in all parts of the country. Many of these are intended for summer use, while other examples are of structures erected in California and the Southern States for perma- nent residences. Also Camps, Hunters’ Lodges, Log Cabins, etc. The book contains Seventy Separate Designs of vrhich several are Log Cabins and Camps 78 Exterior Views, iy Interior Views and 69 Floor Plans In the text is given an article on “The Bungalow,” with hints on selection of site, sanitation, lay- out and construction, together with a very com- plete description of each design, with cost where it could be obtained. The work is intended to meet the needs of a large class of people who are planning summer homes at low and moderate cost, for erection in the Woods, Mountains, and on Lake and Seashore. Size 8x9%4 inches, bound in illustrated boards. Price, $2.00 postpaid. MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- tects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illus- trations showing the latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS EXTRACT FROM PREFACE HE author has endeavored to include characteristic designs in vogue to- day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of ap- plying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical re- quirements of commercial life. The au- thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that-his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 seed, stakes and twine for supporting plants, catalogues and other small articles in constant demand by the plant grower, while the half shelf provides a place for the pots too large for the top of the table, the box of sphagnum moss and charcoal and broken shards for drainage and the like. On the floor a heap of potting soil may be piled and will remain moist much longer than if placed in a box. The value of having potting material and soil always ready can not be underestimated, as it insures prompt attention which might not be secured if it was necessary to hunt around for material with which to work. To this convenient place the box of plants or bulbs from the florist will be brought for unpacking and all the muss and litter indoors avoided. If the table is under a shed the plants can be removed from the box, stood up on the table and allowed to remain over night, ae or a day if necessary, as the tops may be freely = ere eS sprinkled and the package dipped in water, are Bae ee and the plants be the better for their tem- Fifty-four Years of Quality Guarantee Labels placed at once in the open ground. Florists’ packages have an aggravating way of arriving on a Saturday afternoon when it is often im- possible to attend to them, and plants by mail Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various into. small pots and-allowed! eo becomenentems and are variously translated in practice. lished before trusting them to the open. Careful architects have come to understand that A stool or chair of convenient height is very it is the spirit behind the guarantee that counts for useful where there is much potting of small . : : : how rapidly this work will be done when sible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is eseinae 4 conveniently at hand and one the leadership of Wolff design. can work freely without regard to the litter they may create. should never go at once into the open ground most after all. The liberal, unquestioning, make- plants to be done, “as ithe patineyen ona L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. MAKING A COUNTRY HOME or window boxes, but should be potted off good policy Behind every Wolff euaaneee respon: lings from flats or hotbeds, and it is surprising Established 1855 (Continued from page viz) Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods Exclusively beauty will characterize the whole farm or the The only complete line made by any one firm acres, whether more or less. I think it will dispense with lath and plaster, and be finished SHOWROOMS: 91 DEARBORN ST.. CHICAGO in our beautiful native woods—more simple, and clean, and economical. Perhaps my article GENERAL OFFICES: 93 W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO will assist you in looking upon the houses DENVER TRENTON which you see as stages of American history. BRANCH OFFICES ll the advantages Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Now that the vere has all the d E. Omaha, Neds 1108.12 Nicholas ppireet Cleveland, Qhio: Builders Exchange of city life, in addition to its own peculiar ansas City, Mlo.: carrett Buildin ah fan i = Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building i ichinond Sree | pleasures and profits, can we not look confi dently forward to a distinctively American architecture, that shall displace the unmeaning = as well as the disagreeable, and shall be fitted a to its surroundings ? _ Accurate information regarding THE WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. For nearly sixty-five years the Scientific American has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. _ Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS NEW BOOKS in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains | | STYLES OF ORNAMENT. By Alexander Speltz. authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. New York: Bruno Hessling. Pages 656. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. | Price, $5.00. The Season’s Best Club Combinations This is an authorized English edition of this Scientific American or American Selentiticusmericatt orlAmmeniea | | handbook, translated and edited by David plomes and Gardens $4.45 wiigmes and Gardens $3. O’Connor. It is a book that has been prepared eview eviews fs C : i . . ray Th ee Rawiowsor ecieian ; $5.35 to meet the needs of the professional designer, Scientific American or American RRC h rs OTHE le eS but is one that will be found useful and sug- merican Il 1p flomes and Gardens $3.00 seed tice en cule a gestive by the reader, the student and the lay World’s Work ; $6.80 World's Work : , $5.10 man. ‘The scheme provides for 400 plates, each comprising selected examples of typical Scientific American or American) Seb aON Le 1 aro EN ornamental detail, while the text for the most Homes and \Gatdens $3. McClure’s Magazine ‘ $4.60 part is limited to a brief indication of the ‘oo ( $5.85 | Woman’s Home Companion... 1.25 | : source from which the illustration is taken. $5.75 : ; J After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina- The book inakehy not, indeed, supersede more es tions ineluding Woman's Home Companion. tensive publications on this subject, but it is MUNN ® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City convenient in size, clear in typography, and abounds with well-chosen models and designs. a > The (reat fakes Trip | aay All the ports on the Great Lakes are reached regularly by the ten large steamers of the D.& C. Lake Lines. This fleet of fast, safe and comfortable steamers operate daily trips between Buffalo and Detroit, Cleveland and Deéiroit, four trips per week between Toledo, Detroit, Mack- inac and wayports, and two trips weekly between Detroit, Bay City, Saginaw and wayports. A special steamer leaves Cleveland twice a week direct for Macki- nac, stopping at Detroit every trip and at Goderich, Ont., every other trip. Send two cent stamp for illustrated Pamphlet and Great Lakes Map. Address: L. G. Lewis, G. P. A., Detroit, Mich. P. H. McMILLAN, Prest. Rail Tickets A. A. SCHANTZ, Gen. Mgr. availableon & ~ Steamers THE Coa To LINE MACKINAC | A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York The Oil that Turns Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, Minutes to Miles | built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded <_ Vacuum: MOBILOI relieves your automobile of | wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during i d the miles. It mak rfect lubri- = : ° ° peered Simin? and caves paying for [| winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water experiments and accidents, disguised as repairs. O stored therein. { VACUUM No cracks or leakage have developed MO BI LO I L | Clinton Wire Cloth Company is made in six different grades for various kinds of automobiles. One of these grades is the one E CLINTON, MASS. oil, the label of which guarantees it to be exactly 4 suited to the requirements of your car. : Do not experiment. Write for free booklet, listing every automobile made and showing grade of MOBILOIL neces- a : eens: g f ees sary forits perfect lubrication. Alsocontains track records ; e z wane i fo date and other facts of vital interest to motorists. oe 4 ReeRT UNE aa eS NEAT NeWORnK 7 =n ’ °. See ee OE nara cane with patent pouring 4 WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg VACUUM OIL CO., Rochester, N. Y. BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. ATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company PUA PUR PUA PU PUA PU PP PU PP PP A PUPA PU PUP A A PP PP A A AP JUST PUBLISHED = Koll’s Patent The New Building Estimator 4 | | Lock-Joint Columns BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by Hartmann - Sanders Company Elston and Webster Avenues CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also " Sweet's Index.") 9 PURPURA PU PUR PUR FUR PU PU PU PUR PUR PU PU PU PU PU PFU PU PAA WD WN WD WA Bad a Waa aaa Maa aa aU: a Ta aa aU aT For You YX / Vacation A Waterman’s Ideal is especially useful when you are away from home The One Vacation Necessity Be independent of the poor writing makeshifts you find on your travels—write when you want to and where you want to. Let the high quality of a Waterman's Ideal serve your requirements and enjoy the satisfaction of owning the best. Booklet sent on request Ask Your Dealer L. E. WATERMAN CO., 173 Broadway, New York Our line comprises the finest and most- complete designs of high-class clocks on the market. Our move- ments are superior in nearly every detail and the purchaser is assured that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” Many Uses of a Conservatory Not only is your conservatory a flower garden, connected with your house and serving you the year round, but it may be a living-room, where the morning sun-bath is enjoyed, or the afternoon tea delightfully We will soon have ready for delivery, our new Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. Michaels. Our “Willard” or Banjo Clock is a model of perfec- tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class article in every respect. If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for illustrated catalogue. Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV STICKLEY A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and neediework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SIZES: 8'%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN ¢c& COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A. RUSSELL BOND J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. STORY OF OUTDOOR. BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, _ Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CoO. «scuntifiéséérican’ 361 Broadway, New York served. It adds another unique, attractive room to your home, one from which all the family will get great satisfaction and comfort. Consult us about its construction. Hitchings & Company Designing and Sales Offices 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK General Offices and Factory ELIZABETH, N. J. FUST PUBLISHED AMERICAN RENAISSANCE TA Review of Domestic Architecture Dy Doy Wheeler Dow, Architect P ILLUSTRATED by NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT From “‘American Renaissance” This book is a carefully prepared history of American Domestic Architecture from Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- orate manner and worthy a place in every architectural library, and should be read by every one who desires to familiarize him- self with Colonial architecture and its effect on the architecture of to-day. CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; IT., Art and Commercialism; III., The Ancient Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble Beginnings of a National School; V., The Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- tury Work; VII., The Transitional Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning Style; XII., Conclusion. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP Price, $4.00 net MUNN & CO., PusiisHeErs, NEW YORK C ahitd SONIANT~ September, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1909 HE demand in the past few years for homes on Mission Lines has made possible the use of many a quaint old lighting instrument of this most THE HERITAGE OF \ BRIDGED ITS TWICE - AS - LARGE interesting period of work. A. T. STEWART TO WANAMAKER TWIN THE GREATER WANAMAKER’S ff] TRcENOS COMPANY citi tures : 4 7th Av. and 16th St. 36 West 37th St. Offers Its Metropolitan Shopping Advantages to Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, Cnicaro mW Aicseas ae 5 ne., ark Street & Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. Visitors and Mail Order Buyers Everywhere See Ria neh pee ence ting One of the most interesting “sights” of New York to visitors; the most painstaking and helpful Mail Charles St. Calitornia St. Order Service for those who can’t come in person. Pittsburg: G. P. Norton, Toronto: 94 King St Century Building West THE WANAMAKER WOMAN’S STORE THE WANAMAKER GALLERIES Hil Seepetic contains Srsteae Bache Pp In constant touch with Paris, London, Berlin, Th : Mfg. Co. ; Plummer Inc. ; e New 16-story Wanamaker Build- Portland, Ore: J. C. Seattle: Cox & Glea and every source of Fashion abroad and at English Co., 128 Park St. 0G sentiate son, home. ing (exclusive of the Main floor, which To give a proper suggestion of Wanamaker |i, The Man’s Store) is devoted to merchandise, to the entire American public we 4 have in preparation the following MERCHAN- | the most comprehensive assemblages DISE REFERENCE FOLIOS—which will be | o¢ tome Furnishings, and the broadest mailed as soon as ready. st y i Pp - OF CHIEF INTEREST TO WOMEN facilities for Home Decoration exist 1. THE FOLIO OF FASHIONS. (Picturing and de- | ing anywhere. scribing the newest fashions ick Suits and Coats, for Women and Girls. z : ite : ANYTHING needed for the Home canbe bought, Oe NEO a ne trarions (aad most satisfactorily, by mail; and we can take up the descriptions of Women’s Waists, Negligees, : : Sams House Gowns, Muslin Underwear, Silk Petticoats. | entire question of decorating and furnishing your new and Corsets.) house, or re-decorating your-o!d house ANY WHERE, BoE MILNE Re Ok by mail. Write us about it. THE FOLIO OF CHILDREN’S WEAR. THE DRESS GOODS AND SILKS LISTS. THE HANDKERCHIEF FOLIO. THE BOOK OF HOUSEKEEPING LINENS. THE FANCY GOODS BOOK. (Illustrating and Catalogue-Folio—*‘FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” describing Women’s Neckwear, Gloves, Jewelry, 0G ay Belts, Fans, Combs, Toilet Articles, Leather Catalogue-Folio—° MODERN FURNITURE Goods, Notions, Dress Trimmings, Laces, Em- Catalogue-Folio—*‘ MODEL METAL BEDSTEADS” broideries, Art Embroideries, Umbrellas, Par- asols, and many other small wares.) Catalogue—*‘ HYGIENIC BEDDING ”’ OF CHIEF INTEREST TO MEN AND BOYS THE PIANO Catalogue. THE BOOK OF MEN’S AND BOYS’ WEAR. (IIl- A lustrating and describinglatest New York styles (CAGE OEE ©! Online, (Culs (QIESS: AC AVE NY CRCEL in Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Furnishings— Catalogue of Lace Curtains and Upholstery. excepting Underwear and Socks, for which see Underwear and Hosiery Folio.) We willbe glad to sendto you, FREE OF CHARGE, OF INTEREST TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN any of the above folios, or catalogues in which you = may be interested ; or to send any special information 1). THE SHOE FOLIO. you may desire. ll. THE HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR FOLIO. If you wish to learn more about WANAMAKER’S, 12. THE BOOK LIST. (Containing News and Prices its methods, facilities and merchandise, write for about New and Standard Books.) “The GUIDE BOOK,” which will be sent upon request. Address your communication to ‘‘Section B” JOHN WANAMAKER, New York This interesting Catalogue literature to select from— sent upon request: Catalogue-Folio—* PALATIAL FURNITURE” DEXTER BROTHERS’ English Shingle Stains produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile Reds and beautiful Silver Grays. PETRIFAX Damp-Resisting INTERIOR and EXTERIOR COATING FOR BRICK, CONCRETE or CEMENT “If the coat fits, put it on’ DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St., New York; Jobn D.S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids. Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M- D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N.S. PALA RASS A DIOR REA ADEE ODS Re Ba me DG A House Lined with Circular Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Antiques Photographs and de- scriptions of genuine antique pieces sent on request. List your wants of antiques with me. RALPH WARREN BURNHAM IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A Practical Handbook For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders and House Owners, with many halftone and other illustrations showing latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers and describes the practical methods of applying them One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK RT Sy Be eS CORRESPONDENCE = SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY Ft tt ttt ttt tttttt4+4++++44444+4+44444+ VERTICAL SECTION, Sse eres eogse: ASEOSIOEN NECN NA CROSR-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, tt ttt ttt 444444 $++4++4+4+4+4++ il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 American Estates and Gardens By BARR EE RR Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11%13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 A sumptuous book, dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. —* sagasteesneesen pense | easti a Munn & Company Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK THE NEW AGRICULTURE By HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have T. BYARD COLLINS WN || Zr) taken place in American agricultural methods which are Wh Ie transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most GremeGlotien 376) Paces Sal | <2 tl independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life : Al to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows: CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 100 Illustrations Price, $2 00, Postpaid CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. : CHAPTERIV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- tion to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII__ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO., Publishers ot 361 Broadway, NEW YORK September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ili p Automobile Owners Ee | and Drivers ATTENTION! Stop that constant vibration by having the fly-wheel of your engine given a perfect running balance. This machine is used by the principal builders. Patent Motor Fly-Wheel Balancer ee MANUFACTURED BY N the designing and manufacture of Period and iy; THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS Art cases to harmonize with any plan of | oh is aaa architecture or decoration, Steinway & Sons ae | are the recognized leaders, as in all other de- partments of piano making—a distinction they te have enjoyed for three generations. Every v Parlor Grand Piano in the ART PIANO) i. witicith gilt ornaments. Spe ae EI From Our_No. 3 Book GOING TO BUILD? SAVE MONEY ON PLANS We are selling plans that are practical and at a price consistent with high-class work. GET OUR BOOKS No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000... $ .50 No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000_.___. 1.00 Non 3)25 Concrete) Residences! ..7.).%5........ 1.00 Photographic cuts of 2-Flats, Churches, Schools, Business Blocks, etc., ten for $1.00. Order now! Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects SCHENECTADY, N. Y. We Enter Large Competitions is a true representation of its respect- ive period—a veritable gem of beauty and perfection. A visit to the Steinway Studios will reveal that, in these masterpieces of piano- craft, music and decorative art are so deftly blended that they at once command the admiration and praise of architect, artist and connoisseur. STEINWAY & SONS Steinway Hall 107-109 East 14th Street, New York (Subway Express Station at the Door) THE NEW TILE installed in the Bathroom, Hall or Vestibule of residences and public buildings, means the minimum of cost combined with the maximum of beauty and durability. "THE most modern, and best illuminating and IDEAL FOR WALLS, CEILING, WAINSCOTS cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, Enametile is flexible metal, embossed and highly enameled, to is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. perfectly reproduce the effect and coloring of the most artistic Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee tiling at one-third to one-half the cost. It will not crack, to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. break or loosen. _ Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, eats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- EASILY AND QUICKLY INSTALLED ing or power engine in most efficient and economical Send tor HANDSOME ART PORTFOLIO, showing many of the manner —also makes brilliant illumination. _ IF beautiful designs a Enametile, in original colors, and full informa- MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- tion. Investigace Enametile, it will pay you. Plans and estimates supplied you direct, or your contractor or architect. TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. NEW YORK METAL CEILING CO. Manufacturers of Metal cales for Bounces and Public Buildings. | Low Price Better than City Gas or Blec- LE IASI Liberal Terms ici d at Less Cost. 544 W. 24th Street, New York City at Beas pe Se k_———— | C. M. KEMP MEG. CO. — ‘= 2 ae = : 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ) September, 1909 MOTTS PLUMBING m@XPERIENCED hotel owners, who provide from 200 to 1000 bathrooms under one roof, know that the qualities of dura- bility, cleanliness and beauty are imperative. On a strictly business basis of value the following modern hotels have been equipped with Mott’s Fixtures. Read the list (a partial one) and con- sider its significance to every home or building owner in this country: In New York City, The In Boston, The Touraine. In Salt Lake City, The Plaza, St. Regis, Waldorf- In Philadelphia, The Belle- Utah. Astoria, Astor, Holland vue-Stratford. In New Orleans, The House, Knickerbocker, Jn Chicago, The La Salle. Monteleone and The Imperial, Manhattan and Jy Minneapolis, The Rad- Grunewald. Savoy. Also the new isson, The Dyckman. In Quebec, The Chateau Apthorp and Belnord Jn San Antonio, The St. Frontenac. Apartments. Anthony. In Rome(Italy), The Regina. “Modern Plumbing” A booklet showing 24 model bathroom equipments costing from $85 to $3000. Full descriptions with price of each fixture and helpful hints on tiling and decoration. Will be sent on receipt of 4 cents to cover postage. THEI. UO MOnE IRON WORKS Fifth Ave. and 17th Street NEW YORK CITY BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pitts- burgh, Detroit, Minneapolis, Wash- ington, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle and Indianapolis. CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal. 1828 —OVER EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY —1909 HANGERS The Standard of Excellence TROLLEY SLIDING DOOR HANGER SEND FOR COMPLETE CATALOG Di LANE BROTHERS CO. TIMBER “BALL-BEARING” HANGER SLIDING DOOR HANGER 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. THE HOME TOWN By Aldis Dunbar HOSE who go “a-moving” are either house-hunters or home-seekers. One goes on quest for the body, the other for the soul of an ideal dwelling-place. Selec- tions once. made, house-hunters become tem- porary occupants, more or less critical; home- seekers, if the real resemble even faintly their ideal, true lovers. To many of these the up- to-date suburb, with asphalt roadways, trol- ley and electric-light wires, thinly veneered cement pavements and rows of half-hearted saplings, arisen ready-made from an outskirt of the city, are far less attractive than some modest village whose great elms and maples, sidewalks of wood or tanbark, hold a personal charm, where each house was built for some- body, not hurried into being, one of a whole- sale batch. No cluster of homes, whether near the stir of a great city or among remoter valleys, can avoid changes. It is the law. The most conservative hamlet must either progress or go tottering backward. It is for those who, loving their home town, would see it retain its homely, wholesome character, to say whether it shall thrive quietly or wither up and decay. Given men and women born and brought up with real affection for it, no home town need suffer when compared with its rival, the modern suburb. Families die out or move away. Then you, who remain, must decide who shall replace them. Restless house-hunters, here and gone, leaving only a trail of fads. Home-seekers, whose children will grow up with yours, to become responsible citizens. Which class would you attract? Manifestly the latter. But how? Frankly, few home-seekers will settle by choice in a town out at heels and elbows—a reputation far too easily acquired. Here is a modest little woman, cultivated, mother of children, wife of a business man. On his account the quiet nest she seeks must not be too far from the city, yet she longs for one within reach of real country, fields and forests, for her boys and girls. So, con- sulting maps, time-tables and advertisements, she fares forth cheerily. The spring afternoon is sunny. ‘To eyes wearied by the glare on cement and asphalt at Chippendale-on-the-River and Queen Anne Heights, visited earlier, the maple shadows on our quiet main street fall pleasantly. Green lawns and shady yards bring thought for “the children” as she passes them, guided by a clerk from the local real-estate office. Attractive, as she approaches, is an’ old square brick mansion, over which wistaria and Vir- ginia creeper straggle, long ends hanging loose where winds have torn them free. They half conceal the faded “To Let” and “For Sale” signs, and wickedly suggest an untidy old person who has “‘slept in her hair.” A latticed arbor in the side yard conjures up dolls’ tea parties; but bricks are missing from the walk leading to the paneled front door with quaint fanlight. A queer down- chimney smell pervades the damp hall. The massive woodwork is worthy attention, and in the dining-room are fascinating cupboards with diamond-paned doors, perilously loose on their hinges, as are those of the bedrooms upstairs, one of which must be lifted open. “Plenty of closets!” Yes, but she notes with creepy distaste the splotches of dirty gray paint on the uneven boards. Rugs lie on the neatly stained floors of her city flat, and—moving costs without buying carpets. Going out she catches sight of the missing front gate under lilac bushes whose sprouts have grown up through its rusty ironwork. Facing a charming lane is a low brown frame cottage. Barberry hedges enclose it, and dormer September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS windows peep so enticingly that she tries not to see how the front porch sags under the feet of the young man, whose key refuses to fit the lock. ‘Around back’ her escort props broken steps against a doorsill, and holds aside rampant rose vines that she may enter. Her heart, resolutely hopeful, chills at the comfortless aspect of the bare rooms. Scraps of frayed linoleum cling to the floor of the passage; soot has fallen from the stovepipe FOR STANCH HOSE— See the RED Trade-mark! Every section of Electric Garden Hose (made in Wil- mington, Delaware) is stamped with a red trade-mark. Be sure to look for it. Twist Electric Hose. tie it into a knot. Pull it around sharp corners. Even hole in the kitchen, where worn stove brushes, You simply can’t make it kink. In any rags, black and stiff, lie beside a broken plate, thick with murky paste, in the open pot closet. In the dining-room only sunrays from shutter chinks reveal shreds of excelsior and paper position or any shape you get full pressure at the nozzle. ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE (made in Wilmington, Delaware) on the floor. In the front rooms, however, aes twice Es jong ae ordinary Loe: It is pun a gers of BoNen hee iL: = in one piece) of high test cotton alternating with layers of fine grade rubber while low er shutters are closed, upper ones / vulcanized into a solid seamless piece. (Comaon hose is wrapped with canvas hang wide open. The glare shows every nail- = —like a rag around a sore finger. It has no body. It won’t wear.) hole in the walls, every blemish and scratch | | oS Electric will stand a higher water pressure than any cther hose. pl 400 pounds won’t burst it. Any length up to 500 feet. i , : bleak | § Ne I marring woodwork and paper. It seems Aithough Electric is the finest hose ever made it only costs a and cheerless as any deserted photograph gal- lery, spite of the roomy bay windows, “built- in” bookshelves, and broad, hospitable stair- way. Feeling the fatigue born of disappointment, she follows her guide up the street again, see- ing now hints of local neglect; a loose board on the street crossing; rusty tin cans in the long grass beyond the broken fence of an empty lot; letters missing from the sign above the post office; a lamp post, storm bent, lean- ing against a tree; a deep washout, bridged by a plank, in the sidewalk. Though paint be peeling from the door of House Number Three, our home-seeker would gladly find it her goal. Alas, though un- swept, it is well garnished. No closet, win- dowsill or mantelpiece lacks bottles—patent medicine bottles, empty or leaking repellant liquids over the white-painted shelves. A cent or two more than common. Get your seedsman or hardware dealer to show you the hose and the trade-mark. Electric Hose & Rubber Company Wilmington, Delaware DON'T BE KNOCKED OVER By Stenches from Backyard Debris Why not look up the Stephenson Method, seven years on the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by installing The Stephenson Underground Garbage Receiver which removes all objections of the old swill-tub? The Stephenson Underground Refuse Receiver for Ashes. The Stephenson Underground Earth Closets for Camps. The Stephenson Portable Metal House for Above. The Stephenson Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two. hasty glimpse of that forgotten crypt, the cel- lar, caught as a match flickers up, is not allur- ing. Ash barrels, more bottles (broken), dusty boards, thick with cobwebs—here the match goes out, and in darkness she feels her way up the steep, unrailed stair. Seeing the two last houses, with half their shutters gone, train time becomes her excuse for not looking further. Hurrying toward the station, numb, chilled and homesick for well-warmed, famil- iar rooms, is it matter for wonder that the fresh plaster and spandy-new environs of Chip- pendale-on-the-River, where lath-ends and shavings are the only rubbish, seem admirable. The home town has lost her. Through trifles? No. The most desirable tenant or purchaser will turn doubtfully from property obviously uncared for, though half a day’s work would remedy the causes. Who buys ill-fitting clothes, dusty, wrinkled and shop-worn, though of good material, when fresh garments cost no more? Would you? This can be set right. Where in a town young and old have strong personal interest in local conditions and improvements, such things right themselves; but such tides are slow in rising. ‘ Conversion into law of the understanding SOLD DIRECT Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF RUSTIC WORK that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic finish to the country place. Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment We Put Every Cent of the Dealers Want To Tell You How Aas You can save not only the dealer’s profits but his excessive charges we (A for installation and repairs by dealing direct with the manufacturers. 3 : You can keep in your own pocket at least one-third the retail price of a heating plant. Let us tell you all about the Profits into Your Jahant °5.,, Furnace Pocket |) Only $10 down and $10 per month, with freight prepaid east of the Mississippi River. ‘| This wonderful furnace has proven its superiority above all others during the last 3O years. It is without doubt the very best heating system for your home. It S@Vve@S from }§ to 44 in fuel bills, because the patented ‘‘down-draft’” burns hard “| or soft coal—wood or lignite—without cinders or clinkers, giving full heating value of every particle of fuel. Needs less atten- tion than any furnace you ever saw. A strong “Guaranty Bond’’ goes with every Jahant, which allows you 2 360 days (s, free use of the furnace. You run norisk, as we supply special plans, full directions and give free all meces= that a house and its grounds shall be left clean, sary tools, so that any man who can drive a nail can successfully install a Jahant. 2 ° No matter what make or system of heating you are considering, let us tell you more about the many conveniences and all rubbish removed by vacating tenants, and good points of our furnace; it’s economy, it’s healthfulness and how you can save money. Write today for our book. The Jahant Heating Co., 50 Howard St., Akron, Ohio. would do much. It would pay property owners to co-operate with real-estate agents in employing as “work- ing inspector,” a practical, energetic girl or woman, who could put herself, mentally, in the place of a prospective tenant, and see what needs attention—one able to drive a nail, put in a screw or use a paint-brush. Given a small sum to expend at discretion for scrub-woman, repairs, or the aid of a stout boy, vines would be fastened up or trimmed, gates hung, paint cleaned from floors, bricks replaced in walks, and airing freshen interiors. Bottles could be carted away and sold by the boy, who could sweep and pile neatly all lumber. Miss- No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500. No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES Upward of twenty-five designs, costing from $1,000 to $3,000. No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000. No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES Twenty selected designs, costing from about $3,000 upward. By far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. MUNN & CO.,PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK i AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic Economy Gas Machine i UA i) Produces light, kitchen and Lighted the same as electric, but Write for booklet, ‘‘ The laundry fuel. without batteries. Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. IZAR Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bai odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. LARGE BARREL, ' $4.00 Diiverea to your Pruight Biation Apply now, The Pulverized Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, _ STABLE MANURE St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md F. Weber & Co. 1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies FABRIANO’' Hand-Made Drawing Papers Superior to any other hand-made paper F. Weber & Co,’s Iljustration Boards, Air Brushes and Materials The Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and | by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. | mharnarhs i G CLINCH right through the “Morgan” | standing seam of metal Se ease roofs. No rails are needed Se aoe: unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. \ PHILADELPHIA ‘( Cross section showing con-.- struction of 1% inch door. ia é (hd " ae, ce id ~ BaR Coe AY are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. | In our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,’” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best A and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. i Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. | Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. BRISTOL’S RECORDING THERMOMETERS make continuous records of atmos- heric temperatures, and are designed or both indoor and outdoor tempera- CEMENT lis Chemistry, Manufacture C6 Use Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses the testing of cement. Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an article by Prof. William K. Hatt giving an his- torical sketch of slag cement, Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and com- position, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a physico-chemical standpoint. Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the Edison Portland cement works, describing the machinery used. Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with | materials which retard the activity of Portland cement. ' Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an excellent review by brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a resumé of the cement industry and gives some valuable formulae. Scientific American Supplement 1575. discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L, L. Stone is the author. Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry ot the U. 58. Any one of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York tures. Send for new catalogues. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK ranches CHICAGO JUST PUBLISHED THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches » Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book contains a large number of plans and perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- sides this there is much concise and practical in- formation relating to planning and seating ; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 funn & Co., 361 Broadway, New Bork City September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii ing shutters would be washed and hung, hinges being replaced here, as elsewhere. Broken porch and steps once attended to by the owner, the brown cottage would show most improvement for time expended. Should our home-seeker again visit it, she would find clean-swept floors, no traces of rubbish on shelves or in any remote cupboard, and the lighting of the rooms, an amazing factor in their appearance, would have been altered by >. Everett eile is the simply closing upper shutters and opening the lower ones, tempering the glare and a tiae Heart of Harmony all a friendly look, tempting her into plans for placing her furniture and allotting rooms. A girl with tact and enterprise would con- trive the nailing down of that loose board on the street crossing, coax the postmaster to mend his sign, and persuade the vacant lot’s owner to give its use to a tennis club, on con- dition that it be put and kept in order. She would certainly propose advertising the home town real estate in the religious weeklies and charming new suburban magazines, rather than in city newspapers. She might even or- ganize a crusade of neatness to shame resi- dents unwilling to join the forward move- ment, knowing that if surrounded on all sides by trim-kept premises, they must find their uncared-for abodes far too prominent. Good leaven set to work, the home town will realize that neglect cheapens all property —that anything worth having is worth caring for. Co-operation in small ways can be ar- ranged. Boards lying around, a nuisance to one man, may be what his neighbor needs for urgent repairs. Vines and seedlings thinned from one garden will almost stock another. An exchange of work for materials, through come central committee, would eliminate per- sonal obligation, and would not be entirely unfeasible were common sense used. Rank heresy, to suggest that for the cost of erecting one flimsy flat, a whole village could be “tidied up” and made attractive; yet it is true. Consider the fact at leisure. One last morsel of warning. In planning reforms make wise choice of tools. A ‘“‘new broom” will at once begin to “sweep clean,” but a “new towel” may take much _ hard = SORE eee rubbing before “wiping dry.” On such trifles ee. 1, will depend the ultimate victory of the home —> YHEJOUN CHURCH COMPANY aoe. CINCINNATI CHICAGO NEW YORK _ Owners of the Everett Piano Co..Boston Mass. ese Artists use and ungualifiedly endorse _ Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS al apers an is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. Wall Coverings For nearly sixty-five years the — Scientific American A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. tects, Builders and House Owners, ; Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS with many half-tone and other illus- in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to trations showing the latest designs the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Subscription price, $3.00 per year. The Season’s Best Club Combinations EXTRACT FROM PREFACE Scientific A ; K i p cientific American or American Sc i i HE author has endeavored to include Homes and Gardens $3.00 cutee aad Gardenc ines characteristic designs in vogue to- Review of Reviews J McClure’s Magazine 5 day, and to give reliable information Ronin OF Gh Soe $5.35 as to the choice of wall papers as well as vase to describe the practical methods of ap- Scientific American or American plying them. In dealing with matters Homes and Gardens. $3. Scientific American or American concerning decoration there is always the Review of Reviews .. ; Homes and Gardens $3. danger of leaning too much toward an World’s Work i World's Work : t $5 10 ideal and of overlooking the practical re- Delineator : quirements of commercial life. The au- : thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will Scientific American or American be regarded as both practical and useful. Homes and Gardens Scientific American or American Homes and Gardens : | IcClure’s Magazine 3 Woman’s Home Companion... $4.60 One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 : vs $5.75 | After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina tions including Woman’s Home Companion. MUNN ® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK eco Vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 ey SS « Your factory, —-. Your Office. Your Hom are in danger a Al g a bY ’ a You never can tell what hour of the day or night a fire will break out in your factory, your office or your home. You know that your insurance would not repay your real fire loss. If you havea fire in your factory—think of the thou- sands of dollars you lose in orders you cannot fill—think of the disorganization of your working force, and think of the extra ex- pense of carrying on your business under difficulties! Think of the work your competitors are doing while you cannot work at all. If your home is burned—think of the loss of furniture, personal prop- erty and treasures which money can never replace, Think of the danger to yourself and to your family. Look more to the protection of your property than the reduction of your insurance rates. Last year’s fire loss was $382,000, 000. One way to reduce it is better individual protection. Four-fifths of all fires in valuable time to get there. 9 It will give you . : = a ON) your own fire protection—your own equipment capable of immediate action—more effective than thousands of pails of water. built to: meet the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and bears the wnspection label of the Underwriters’ Laboratories. It not only comes up to the Under- your Insurance Broker and he will verify just what we say. This is of vital importance and demands your careful consideration when buying fire extinguishers cities are put out by the chemical apparatus of fire departments—but it takes them z efficient fire department—a fire Ch ] Engi emica ngin The Badger 40-Gallon Chemical Engine is writers’ standard of efficiency, but is the best built engine of its size on the market. Ask on which depend the saving of your property—the saving of life. SEN The Badger Chemical Engine gives you a most effective private fire department. It has a narrow oN 4 treadand will go through any three foot opening. It throws a_stream 75 to 85 feet sufficient to extin- Nos It is more effective in extinguishing a blaze than \ guish all incipient and many well started fires. ‘ cN thousands of gallons of water. In fact, it puts out oil and gasoline fires which water would spread, and extinguishes fires which water could not reach—due to the chemical action of the engine in generating a gas which acts asa blanket on the fire. Does not flood premises with water and cause additional loss. Stream can be instantly stopped by shutting off the nozzle. Operated easily by one man. equires no experience. Costs practically nothing to maintain. All chemicals necessary are soldat any drug store. FREE Trial Offer This is our offer. We will ship you an engine, with two STOP THE FIRE chemical charges, freight pre- paid, and allow you 30 days’ free WH EN IT trial. If it does not meet your require- ments, you can return it to us at our STARTS expense. This enables you to build test fires as large as you like and satisfy yourself abso- lutely of its efficiency before you pay for it. Cut off the attached coupon and mail to us, and we will send you descriptive catalog J, price lists and all information on this free trial offer. We Make All Kinds i Badger Fire Extinguisher Co. f 32. J Portland St., Boston, Mass. Please send me booklet J and all details of your free trial offer. Name This Shows our = 3-Gallon Extinguisher Address BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO. 32-J Portland St., Boston, Mass. 516 Pages, 107 Engravings Price, Four Dollars NOW READY Industrial Alcohol ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s “‘Introduction to Distillation’’ as revised by Drs. Delbriick and Lange COMPRISING Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and Yeast Preparation, Fermentation, Distil- lation, Rectification and Purification of Alcohol, Alcoholometry, The Value and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods of Denaturing, Its Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, A Statis- tical Review, and the United States Law By JOHN K. BRACHVOGEL, M.E. HE value and significance of a tax-free alcohol have been so widely dis- cussed in the press and periodical literature of the entire country, that it is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of the subject, especially to our agricuitural and industrial interests. For years we have been far behind the nations of Europe in this regard, and in consequence our literature has been sadly lacking in authorita- tive works covering this phase of industrial activity. This book was designed with the especial purpose of Sling this want, and it is the latest and most comprehensive work of its kind which has been published in this country. Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. The farmer, the manufacturer, the power -producer, the householder, will all find that denatured alcohol is of such impor- tance to them, that its use and introduction will effect savings and economies which were hitherto impossi- ble of accomplishment. Amentokn f Ses . | FOR SALE 7 oes So; Sane: Op © BOOKSTORES OVETT’S > PEONIES Roots Guaranteed to have 2 to 6 eyes Cost practically no more than single-eye slips, will bloom at least a year earlier. ““Itis what you get that counts’’—plant Lovett’s Peonies now, and you will have a pleasing show of flowers next May and June. WRITE TO-DAY Free Peony Leaflet in colors, containing full descrip- tions of best varieties and attractive special offers. J. T. LOVETT, Box 127, Little Silver, N. J. $4 Take off yourHat tn. 2 AN Sivas Writefor EYER S and Prices to 4 bs, F.E.Myers&Bro. SB Bb WT Ashland, Ohlo BARN DOOB HAY "ay2008 TOOLS @{ 2% ANTIQUES Ihave a very large stock of Old China, Old Mahogany Furniture, Brasses, Coppers, Pewter, Antique Jewelry, etc. My twenty-page catalogue quotes descriptions and prices. Sent to any one interested in Antiques. ADA M. ROBERTS Box 63, WASHINGTON NEW HAMPSHIRE 144 Sunlight Sash—lettuce and violets Stronger earlier plants Results so remarkable compared with single glass sash that gardeners double their orders. The present company is 18 times larger than when it started 2 years ago, solely because the sash makes good. Light penetrates the glass raising temperature of bed on cold- est days to a good growing warmth. _ Practically none of the warmth escapes at night because the dry air between the two layers of glass is the best non-conductor there is; better than mats and boards and costs less. Never has to be covered. Plants zeed light, the more of it, the better. Sunlight Sash lets in the light a//t¢he time. © Almost every kind of vegetable or flower has been grown under Sunlight in all sorts of weather andtemperature. Vow get better results, stronger earlier plants. Professional gardeners, State Agricultural Stations, Colleges of Agriculture; everywhere use and recommend it. The principle on which it is built Heat rays follow light rays. ‘Two layers of glass instead of one; between layers a five-eighths ‘inch cushion of air. to) putty; panes are lapped and by an ingenious device held close to wood, can’t possibly work loose. Write for catalogue and freight prepaid proposition. Order early to insure prompt shipment. Fast freight, safe delivery guaranteed. Write to-day. Prepare for cold frames. and Cold-frames SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., [INCORPORATED ] 943 East Broadway, LoutsviLtz, Ky. will be recom- mended and sup- plied by our well equipped Book Department. MUNN & CO. 361 Broadway NEW YORK RELATING TO Architecture Decoration Furniture Rugs Ceramics, ete. September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix einem earaentvin Your l!own ; Cer Bet) ¢ ti ers) Oza N D g PIR aw y Deh Lae b> ° os "4 IA in prizes for the five best-planted, developed and successful i suburban or village gardens. Write to the Garden Competition Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you had with it; tell him of the plants with which you have had the best results, and also those which have been failures. Send him a good photograph and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help others to beautify their surroundings. You need not be a skilled writer to tell a story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. $200 for Prizes For the best garden received we will pay: For the First, - - - $100.00 For the Second, - - 50.00 For the Third, are 25.00 For the Fourth, - - 15.00 Homene ithe =) = 10.00 Conditions Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants used in planting. Drawings of the plot are to be made, preferably on a scale of eight feet to the inch, showing the positions of the various plants and shrubs. Photographs of the garden are to be sent printed on solio paper and should not be less than 5x7 inches in size. If possible to do so, please also send a photograph showing the garden before planting. Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a pseudonym, which is to be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. As soon as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they will notify the Editor, who will open the envelope bearing the proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’ s true name. The competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the prize. 5 The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and Gardens all gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photograph. 6 Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York. 7 The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants need not be sub- scribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind is required. Vo photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. - WN AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS BLINDS Venetian and Sliding BURLINGIO SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Q Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect outdoor veranda. . ° Any wood; any privacy with doors finish to match trim. § and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. Venetian Blind for inside window and Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont How Much Happiness will you give to sufferers in dark hot tenements, by sending them to Sea Breeze our Fresh Air Home, and the hospital for tuberculous children, where Smil- ing Joe was cured? $10 sends 4 for a whole week of sweet cool air, good food, games and invigorating ocean bathing. ** T£ you lived in our dark basement you would “It’s more fun to bea ‘little father” at Sea know why we want to go to Sea Breeze. ¥ Breeze than to run with the gang on Ave. A. HOW MANY MAY WE SEND AS YOUR GUESTS ? $2.50 will give a whole week of new life and cheer to a worn out mother, an aged toiler, an underfed working girl, or a convalescing patient. 5.00 gives a teething baby and its “‘ little mother”’ of ten a cool healthful week. 10.00 gives four run-down school children a fresh start for next year, 25.00 names a bed for the season. $50.00 names a room. , 100.00 gives a happy excursion to 400 mothers and ehildren—for many their only outing. Can you not have a lawn party or an entertainment for Sea Breeze ? Please send your gift to R. S. MINTURN, Treasurer, Room 24, No. 105 E. 22nd St., New York N. Y. ASSOCIATION for IMPROVING the CONDITION of the POOR R. FULTON CUTTING, President “Tt’s easy to get well at Sea Breeze. It kept me from losing a whole year at school.” “My little girl had measles and then pneu- mona. ‘The doctor says two weeks at Sea Breeze might have saved her. To how many other such children will you help us give a fighting chance before it 1s too late? $5.00 will do it for one. September, 1909 “Willowcraft” is the only durable line of WILLOW FURNITURE made in the United States. We are the manufac- turers, and will send this sample chair for $7, fgt. prepaid, any- where east of the Mississippi River, Write for our cata- logue of 150 other patterns. The Willowcraft Shops Box A NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO | SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- ING LOCK. A Safeguard for Ventilating Rooms. Pure Air, Good Health and Rest Assured. | 2 To introduce this article, Four jf f in Ventilating Locks in Genuine |f Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- f per Finish will be mailed to il any address prepaid for One vy MACOS Ne 3 ol [om Dollar. Will include a forty} =! page Hardware Catalogue and sexs; Working Model to carpenters} | who wish the agency to can-| PATENTED =] [ | vass for its sale. Address NEW HAVEN, | The H. B, Ives Go, Se "avew: | OR, STEPPING: STONERRO ARCHITECTURE By THOMAS MITCHELYT SIMPLE. TEXT-BOOK telling in a A series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of construction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav- ings, amongst which are illustrations of various historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, New York The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af. fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari- ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, NEW YORK September, 1909 ANE RICAN “HOMES "AND GARDENS xi American Homes and Gardens for October “Willow Brook House” The ‘Notable Home”’ of the number is the fine estate of Francis E. Bond, Esq., at Penllyn, near Philadelphia. It is a house of deep interest, designed by Mr. Horace Trumbauer, and is beautifully situated in a woody spot It is a house that shows, both in design and in situation, a singularly successful unity that is at once delightful and satisfying. [he descriptive text by Barr Ferree is entirely adequate, while the numerous photographs have been expressly taken for this Magazine. A Concrete Garden Bench Ralph C. Davison, whose series of articles on concrete ornaments for the garden and how to make them is so auspiciously begun in the present issue, takes up a new object of art and utility interest in his second paper, which describes how to make a garden bench of concrete. Mr. Davison writes in the most practical manner possible, tells the reader just what to do and how to do it. His articles are illustrated with an abundance of illustrations and diagrams and are thoroughly practical and helpful in every way. The Decorative Value of Carrots. How the common carrot may be transformed into a handsome object of house decoration is delightfully told by S. Leonard Bastin in a paper that shows how cleverly this ordinary vegetable may be utilized in this way. Lovers of attractive house plants will gain some sug- gestive ideas from this paper and at the same time learn how they may equip their houses with charming examples of plant growth. Floral Clocks The extremely novel topic of floral clocks is discussed by Charles A. Brassler. The author tells all about floral clocks, how they are made, the intricacies of their mechan- ism, where they have been most successfully carried out and other data of the most interesting kind. Floral clocks, while not novelties, are most decided rarities, and the present paper is practically unique. The illustra- tions include photographs from a rich collection of floral clocks, most of which will be completely new to our readers. The Modern Country House The modern country house is ably discussed by Francis Durando Nichols in an illuminating article illustrated with many original photographs of houses of moderate size and cost. ‘The author discusses some of the more important aspects of recent house design, and illustrates his paper with numerous illustrations of a group of recent houses. The floor plans and interiors render this paper particularly helpful and suggestive. An Arts and Crafts Colony The Whitehead Colony of Arts and’ Crafts in the Cats- kills is the subject of an important article by Poultney Bigelow, the well-known critic and historian. Mr. Bigelow’s article is as interesting as the illustrations, which are unusually numerous and which show in detail many of the interesting bungalows built in this delightful camp. It is a true city of the forest and possesses many inherent charms of its own. A House of Estimated Cost A two-story house of the bungalow type, designed by Mr. William Albert Swasey, architect, of New York, is offered with an estimate of its cost within certain specified limitations. It is an interesting house, well planned and designed in an attractive manner. It is a design bound to win friends. Furnishing the Nursery The furnishing of the modern nursery has now become so important a part of the equipment of the modern house that some suggestive ideas on this highly important topic will be welcomed. Edith Haviland offers a number of helpful suggestions on this fascinating subject. The paper is richly illustrated with many novel photographs. The Departments The regular departments of the number, Monthly Comment, Correspondence, and Garden Talk are filled, from beginning to end, with helpful ideas and sugges- tions and are, in many respects, the most useful portions of the Magazine. ‘These departments are always fresh and new, and present the very last word in their re- spective subjects. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 Gong ea fers without. removal fa single article. — Dustless—almost silent. Portable—easily operated by anyone. _ Not a toy—gives a life-time of service. Proven by years of success. Do not ‘experiment. Let us demonstrate for you. “INVINCIBLE” is made in three styles:—for the home; for the r large office and public. buildings. Write fo ree illustrated booklets. ELECTRIC RENOVATOR MFG. COMPANY Address Dept. F for the "Two Booklets" 934 FARMERS BANK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year ENG REE COOETOR REE: SUIMNIER*SVVOODS 24... 04 dew sews 2 oe Mensa ConmmeNn Whee Villagel Workman) a. 6. oe eee oe cee de eb ee he ee we 336 NovaBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘‘Firenze Cottage,”’ the Summer Home of Daniel Guggenheim, separ lbenonmmiNewsyelSeyi ag. avon ose alc ay Stee sacias A oR By Barr Ferree 337 AP OWEMNIING HOOL KOR PRIVANESGARDENS: 52.0 6.6 a cece cee eee ns By Lawrence Eden 341 LIBEL EISIS < o's lace’ 6 0.0 a8 alg B'S 6rd Oe SNA Rens ake en or ae re By G.1C. Grant 3248 evenness LONE VINKING Hehe Lace la ee ee de be a By Edith Haviland 347 Be NREeNOUWE AU ELOUWSESSUNWNUSDRIA. (6.0% habs et deen eee be By Ralph de Martin 350 SRDS AND Tes (COMIN. 16 OMS. 6, cles een nen eae eee ee ea Biel ae Poyell 32t58 A Group OF BUNGALOWS AT PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, COSTING FROM FIFTEEN-HUNDRED IDOLILATES (UPWARDS So 5 ch ce oie: Re te aie oC ee 354 PROTOGRAPIUING BIRDS . 5 nla d ee aetna eens oan ene ene By B. 8. Bowdish 356 CONCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How To MAKE THEM. I.—A Garden Vase. By Ralph C. Davison 359 A. COLONIAL SUBURBAN HoMe—Guaranteed Cost $6,000. . Designed by Walker & Hazzard 362 “WELDACRE,” THE HOME OF GEORGE E. SmiTH, Esa., Puinrips Beacn, MassAcHUseETTS. By Josephine Balche 364 Ua oe a 0-6 0 6c: SON Ne CeSRERon Re cae cat cic oh rae ort ara ara By Percy Collins SMomeulos folsom ame nella aellefisiiel ie) ellis! ¢ Je. +) 6) (e.\e\ce,\e) 6.0) ee, 6 (ee (ene, 6) (00) 6,118) je: Je) (0: (6 jefe, @) (a; <¢: 10: (8) we 8 (6) (8.10 te ie 0) “@ 5 fi dy Rha pate OTN cor ceceapey ee By Alice M. Kellogg ESAs ROR ENE Coe pean By Charles Downing Lay Home-made Tools for the Amateur Gardener. The Home Town. The Use of Wall-paper. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cascs be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. dp) a O O B x aa a = = = Nn OF THE COOL IN THE AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “Firenze Cottage”: the Pompeian hall 336 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 ~ Monthly Comment The Village Workman 1 N THOSE strange works of fiction, the guides to country living, which many philan- thropically disposed persons are putting upon the literary market with a bravery worthy of a better cause, the village work- man has a place wholly his own. He occu- pies, as it were, a niche of universal con- venience, and is able to do anything at any time and in the most excellent way. It is time that a word of caution should be spoken on this theme, for, among the disillusions that sometimes come to too-sanguine souls seeking to worship nature and enjoy the simple life in the country, none is more unexpected than the shattering of the legends with which busy writers have for years idealized and surrounded the country workman and his labors. THE country workman of the books is a legendary figure, no truer to life than excellent old Rip Van Winkle. Modern research has shown on what flimsy basis many of the finest of old legends rests, but it requires no research at all to dem- onstrate that the country workman of the books, or the coun- try workman of any sort, is a very human being, with a multitude of failings and deficiencies of his own that could make him a study of abounding interest were his vagaries not practised at your expense and his peculiarities not de- voted to your own undoing. Each year his legendary char- acter moves farther and farther into the background; each year he becomes more of a trial and more of an expense. You pick up your copy of “How to Make Ten ‘Thousand Dollars in Ten Thousand Years on One Thousand Square Feet of Ground,” and you read with amazement the number- less ingenious things the author had done for her, and then you go out and look at some of the strange things that have been done for you by the only available workman within miles. You wonder that such things can be, and you are most particularly sorry that they happen to be yours. THE newcomer establishing himself in the country natur- ally requires some outside assistance. It is a need that can not be dispensed with, for there are many kinds of work about a place, old or new, that the most ingenious man can not do, even if his time were completely at his disposal. ‘To the unsophisticated it would seem the easiest thing in the world to get some one to “help” if not to completely carry out a piece of work. The books and magazines teem with experiences of obliging neighbors or skilled geniuses of labor that have lived sheltered lives in the unappreciative countryside. One of the chiefest joys of country living, it would seem, was the engaging of these conveniently at hand and most ingenious persons. To look for one of these chaps is apt to be the first step in the disillusionment of country life, the first step toward reality, the step from out of the clouds of what may be right down onto the solid earth of reality. A VERY shrewd observer once wrote an interesting essay beginning with a reference to first catching.your hare. It was a profound thought, and if it happens to occur to you at this juncture you can not but wonder if he ever tried to find a workman in the rural districts. To those who have not met with the experience it may seem strange, yet it is completely true, that there are many regions quite near to some of our largest cities in which not a single workman or helper can be had for any price. This is a condition that is not only existant at times, but has been prevalent indefi- nitely and with no signs of relief in progress. There is a real cause for this, since for many years there has been a steady drain of the country youth to the cities and in many country regions there is scarce any one left save the older men who, too late in life, have come to see that the real thing to do is to swagger into town with kid gloves and a cigarette and engage in a cheap clerkship in a city house. WHEN a country workman is finally captured a new series of experiences begins. He may, as a matter of fact, be no worse than any average city workman. ‘The real hard- ship lies in his scarcity. In the city, if one does not exactly care for the particular man engaged for a certain job, there are many others, apparently as available as the one you have picked out. But in the country you are fortunate if you find one man to do your work, and having found him you presently discover there are no others; or, if there be others, they are endowed with various qualifications that make them more uncertain than the one you have been fortunate enough to obtain. The number of persons following special trades being limited, the number of people who can be hired for anything being restricted, one must put up with what one can obtain, and the results are often very disastrous. You get ineficient work and you are practically without redress, for there is no one else who could do better. Day work is highly in favor in the country. Miscella- neous jobs are always difficult to figure on in lump sums, and it is often convenient to have people working for you by the day, moving them around from job to job as one is finished or new ones present themselves. Moreover, in day work the country workman is sure not to lose money. He may have underestimated his contract price, the work may have been more difficult than he anticipated; but with day work it can be strung right along and finished in a profitable manner. It is a delightful method, and works beautifully for every one except the unfortunate who is to pay the bill. Rebates and reductions are even more unfavorably regarded than in town, the proper thing being to pay the bill as ren- dered, even though it contain monstrous overcharges and extras. The reason for this is obvious: the person presenting the bill has a larger local acquaintance than you have; more- over, he knows every one else who makes out bills. As rendered his bill is eminently just and fair and ought to be paid; if it is not paid with the exactness with which it is ren- dered, the bill-emaker tells everybody else, and before you know it you have no credit whatever in a community you once thought to live in peacefully and at ease, meeting all your just debts, and incurring no more expense than you can. Ir you don’t mind the expense you will often find the vil- lage workman a most agreeable fellow. Life in the quiet countryside has sharpened his’ wits and aided his memory. The latter will be prodigious, and he can tell you all about everyone else and many diverting adventures that he himself went through at some remote epoch of his career. Perhaps this entertainment should be paid for, and if the stream of talk could be turned off as readily as it is turned on the village workman might be a very entertaining person to have around. His ways of doing business are not your ways; a pleasant day or a chance at fishing may interrupt your job with no other reason, but in one respect he is thoroughly modern and up-to-date; he knows how to charge, and he is fully alive to the merits of an astounding bill. September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A summer cottage of wood painted white, with green blinds, set in artistic shrubbery Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree ‘Firenze Cottage,” the Summer Home of Daniel Guggenheim, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey HERE is an abundance of interest at @ “Firenze Cottage,” a fine house, splendid grounds, an immense assemblage of flowers and plants, a grotto so large and extensive that it might well be called unique. One does not grasp all these items at once, for the property is a considerable one, and has been laid out and developed in such a way that the very utmost use is made of every part of it. Moreover, the various external features are quite well separated; each part is distinct in itself, with a convincing character of separate- ness; yet each part is manifestly a portion of a single whole, in which each individual element makes its own contribution to the final effect. “Firenze Cottage” does not directly overlook the ocean; that is to say, it is on the land side of Ocean Avenue. But the space opposite is practically bare of buildings, and the ocean is not, therefore, hidden from the entrance front. The general external character presented to the passer-by is one of distinguished charm. The house is placed well back, with a spacious lawn before it. It is somewhat irregularly bor- dered with evergreens, and all around the outer borders, on the two sides, and within the bounding wall, closing the entire front area as seen from the entrance porch, is a thick planting of trees, shrubs and plants, the cannas being par- ticularly notable among the last. It is a splendid enclosure, brilliant and dense, giving the place within a distinct separa- tion from the surrounding properties, and affording the spectator without many a pleasurable glance at the beauty of this embowered lawn. The front of the house shows two wings with a connecting center. Its length is increased by two outer porches, one at each end; one serves as the porte-cochere; the other, as a tea- room. Both house and porches have broadly projecting cornices, which form a distinctive feature of their design; those of the house are supported on large brackets, those of the others, by medallions. The whole of the front is con- tained within a terrace, surmounted with a balustrade; at the entrance steps are two seated lions holding shields. Within is a porch, filling the space between the:two wings, a porch of coupled columns and a simple balustrade which encloses the upper platform. ‘The windows of the upper story extend into the broad cornice which crowns the house, and above are the sloping roofs, sharply inclined, with low dormers in the center, and giving an agreeable silhouette and finish to the whole design. The main hall is entered directly from the porch with- out the intervention of a vestibule, for this is, of course, a summer home, not used in the winter months. It is an immense room in the Pompeiian style, much the largest room in the house, and an apartment superbly hospitable in dimensions. A row of, coupled Roman Ionic columns across the farther side divides it into two unequal parts, the larger of which is nearer the doorway, while the narrower portion has somewhat the character of a corridor. It is, however, an essential part of the hall, all of which is decorated in a harmonious style. The walls have channeled pilasters cor- responding in style to the columns. The base is painted as a dark dado, above which is a Pompeiian decoration in color. The cornice is white, picked out with light green, and the light blue ceiling is without decoration. The bases of the columns and pilasters are Pompeiian red and the channels white and green. The floor is of white marble with a border in colored marbles; it is partly covered with rugs and skins. The mantel is directly in face of the entrance door, and is in the corridor-like division of the hall. It is of yellow marble, with green and yellow mosaic facings. On the key- stone is an antique grotesque bronze masque. The andirons are green bronze. ‘The furniture is modeled after Pom- peiian designs, with frames of wood, painted white, and ss LLL The graceful willow is abundantly used movable cushions of green. A superb marble table stands in the center, and behind it is a fountain rising from a pool let into the floor. The palms and ferns which are banked on either side of it add greatly to its effectiveness. “There are numerous reproductions of Pompeiian bronzes, and Pom- peiian designs and motifs have been used wherever possible. The entrance-drive with porch and tea-house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 The library is on the left of the hall. Its walls are lined with red silk damask. ‘The woodwork, which is confined to a low wainscot, the frames of the doors and windows, and the broad cornice, is Circassian walnut. This wood is also used for the mantel, the space above which is filled with a magnificent matched panel of the same beautiful wood. The mantel has facings of gray- ish marble and green and brass andirons. Just before it are two benches or seats, one on each side, which form a little space like an inglenook, and contains a tea-table, cosily placed for agreeable intercourse. ‘There is a vast red rug on the hardwood floor, the furniture covering is red leather, and the windows have thin white curtains. On the left of the hall is the music-room, which faces the entrance front. It is an oval apartment, very delicately designed and furnished. The walls are of light yellow, with a low wood wainscot painted white, and a painted festooned design, which includes small figured medallions. ‘The mantel is of carved wood with a painting included in the decoration of the room above it. The curtains are sage green, with lambrequins, all with white borders. The hardwood floor has a green rug, and in the center of the ceiling, which otherwise is perfectly plain, is a rich decoration in low relief. ‘The furniture is mahogany and gilt cane. A finely embroid- ered cope hangs over the back of the upright piano. Behind this room, on the inner side of the house, but entered from the main hall, is the dining-room. This is a somewhat long room of very agreeable dimensions The walls are in stripes of two shades of green. The wood is mahogany and is used in the low wainscot, the door and window frames, the broad cornice and the mantel and its over-panel. There are white curtains at the windows, and the room is, therefore, quite brilliant in its effect. The floor is covered with a great green rug in two shades. The ceiling is tinted a light buff, and from the cen- ter depends a wrought-iron lamp. The mantel has facings The furniture of reddish marble and large brass andirons. is antique, with green coverings. IM Porch overla September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND ‘GARDENS 339. Beyond, and entirely separated from the dining- gf ==> Hse room, is the breakfast-room. This is, indeed, a porch, a partially enclosed. And a most delightful place it is, . a? ¢ with its latticed walls, its dome-like ceiling, its corner Se 2 Se niches, its two entrance doors, its caned furniture with a ee Se al gaily covered borders, its table, topped with plate glass above the canes, the red cement floor with its rug, and, perhaps after all, its color, a grayish ground, on which is the lattice work in sage green. It is a room pleasant enough to be appetizing, and of exactly the same size —and that, of course, is none too large—for an agree- able breakfast party. Seated here one looks out directly into the large pergola, a pergola quite vastly high, and stretching so far away from the house that its perspective is most unusual. It ends, in truth, against a blank wall, which examination presently discloses to belong to one of the forcing-houses. And its vine-shadowed walk readily invites one to a ramble through the grounds, the extent of which is by no means hinted at from the entrance of the house, but which, on the inner side, is found to be most considerable. One wanders here from garden to garden, from greenhouse to greenhouse, from hothouse to hothouse, from arbor to arbor. No doubt all these things have their special place on the formal plan, but the visitor will not concern himself as to arrangements, for the charms and delights of this wonderful place are so infinite in their variety that more than one journey amid their floral delights is essential to their enjoyment. As for their understanding, that is quite a different matter, for the gardens of ‘Firenze Cottage’? were lige tet ; ae: made for pleasure, and very agreeable and delightful The breakfast-room is a latticed porch are the pleasures they afford. In a certain general way eee ! . i these inner gardens consist of certain general groups. The of bedding and decorative plants required here, as well as hot-houses, forcing-houses, conservatories, and the like, con- care for them in the winter. The houses needed for this stitute a group of structures thoroughly utilitarian in purpose purpose are, therefore, quite numerous. ‘They are enclosed and very extensive. Even before they have been seen the within hedges of plants, chiefly cannas, which present ~a visitor has been made aware that only a horticultural plant brilliant spectacle when a-bloom and almost hide the utili- of the first magnitude could turn out the immense number tarian nature of the structures they surround. if) m G a) accobesh sun chng aan eea ARIA at — The fountain in the sunken garden The graceful willow is abundantly used movable cushions of green. A superb marble table stands in the center, and behind it is a fountain rising from a pool let into the floor. The palms and ferns which are banked on either side of it add greatly to its effectiveness. There are numerous reproductions of Pompeiian bronzes, and Pom- peiian designs and motifs have been used wherever possible. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 The library is on the left of the hall. Its walls are lined with red silk damask. The woodwork, which is confined to a low wainscot, the frames of the doors and windows, and the broad cornice, is Circassian walnut. This wood is also used for the mantel, the space above which is filled with a magnificent matched panel of the same beautiful wood. The mantel has facings of gray- ish marble and green and brass andirons. Just before it are two benches or seats, one on each side, which form a little space like an inglenook, and contains a tea-table, cosily placed for agreeable intercourse. There is a vast red rug on the hardwood floor, the furniture covering is red leather, and the windows have thin white curtains. On the left of the hall is the music-room, which faces the entrance front. It is an oval apartment, very delicately designed and furnished. The walls are of light yellow, with a low wood wainscot painted white, and a painted festooned design, which includes small figured medallions. The mantel is of carved wood with a painting included in the decoration of the room above it. The curtains are sage green, with lambrequins, all with white borders. The hardwood floor has a green rug, and in the center of the ceiling, which otherwise is perfectly plain, is a rich decoration in low relief. The furniture is mahogany and gilt cane. A finely embroid- ered cope hangs over the back of the upright piano. Behind this room, on the inner side of the house, but entered from the main hall, is the dining-room. This is a somewhat long room of very agreeable dimensions The walls are in stripes of two shades of green. The wood is mahogany and is used in the low wainscot, the door and window frames, the broad cornice and the mantel and its over-panel. There are white curtains at the windows, and the room is, therefore, quite brilliant in its effect. The floor is covered with a great green rug in two shades. The ceiling is tinted a light buff, and from the cen- ter depends a wrought-iron lamp. The mantel has facings of reddish marble and large brass andirons. The furniture is antique, with green coverings. The entrance-drive with porch and tea-house LT ey Porch overlooking the garden September, 1909 Beyond, and entirely separated from the dining- room, is the breakfast-room. This is, indeed, a porch, partially enclosed. And a most delightful place it is, with its latticed walls, its dome-like ceiling, its corner niches, its two entrance doors, its caned furniture with gaily covered borders, its table, topped with plate glass above the canes, the red cement floor with its rug, and, perhaps after all, its color, a grayish ground, on which is the lattice work in sage green. It is a room pleasant enough to be appetizing, and of exactly the same size —and that, of course, is none too large—for an agree- able breakfast party. Seated here one looks out directly into the large pergola, a pergola quite vastly high, and stretching so far away from the house that its perspective is most unusual. It ends, in truth, against a blank wall, which examination presently discloses to belong to one of the forcing-houses. And its vine-shadowed walk readily invites one to a ramble through the grounds, the extent of which is by no means hinted at from the entrance of the house, but which, on the inner side, is found to be most considerable. One wanders here from garden to garden, from greenhouse to greenhouse, from hothouse to hothouse, from arbor to arbor. No doubt all these things have their special place on the formal plan, but the visitor will not concern himself as to arrangements, for the charms and delights of this wonderful place are so infinite in their variety that more than one journey amid their floral delights is essential to their enjoyment. As for their understanding, that is quite a different matter, for the gardens of “Firenze Cottage’ were made for pleasure, and very agreeable and delightful are the pleasures they afford. In a certain general way these inner gardens consist of certain general groups. The hot-houses, forcing-houses, conservatories, and the like, con- stitute a group of structures thoroughly utilitarian in purpose and very extensive. Even before they have been seen the visitor has been made aware that only a horticultural plant of the first magnitude could turn out the immense number AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 339 The breakfast-room is a latticed porch of bedding and decorative plants required ‘here, as well as care for them in the winter. The houses needed for this purpose are, therefore, quite numerous. They are enclosed within hedges of plants, chiely cannas, which present a brilliant spectacle when a-bloom and almost hide the utili- tarian nature of the structures they surround. The fountain in the sunken garden 340 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The music-room is oval, delicately colored and decorated That there is a carriage-house and stable, a large two- story building, with servants’ rooms in the upper floor, is It is more out of the ordinary that a rustic arbor, quite on the outer border of the property, should be used as an earth-yard by the gardeners, utility being quite to be expected. thus concealed within orna- mental form. From the greenhouses a wide path extends toward the farthest boundary. It is bordered with cannas on either side, and with iron trellises, to which trained fruit trees are applied. Quite at the end is the ten- nis-court. Then comes what at first sight seems vast fields of vegetable gardens, a group of squares, each with its enclosure of cannas or other high plants, a vegetable garden of quite entrancing beauty, very beautifully arranged so as to give a great deal of floral beauty while we may be sure the excellence of the vege- table products is not ne- glected. The visitor wanders through these fields of flowers and_ vegetables until he approaches a struc- ture that has all the out- ward visible signs of a con- servatory. A small door at one end suggests the September, 1909 thought of entrance. And then he enters into a new world. This is no mere con- servatory, but a vast grotto, with cunningly contrived paths, with rocks above and below, with a stream at the bottom, with passages up and down, a veritable maze of loveliness, that, once entered upon, can not be left until every path has been trod, every crevice visited, every cavern ex- plored, the water itself crossed by its conveniently arranged _— stepping-stones, and the door gained on the oth er side. It is simple enough, of course, for there is but a single path that winds in and out, up and down, and has no branches or side openings. And everywhere, above and be- low, at the sides and hand- ing from the roof, is a plant growth of most amazing variety and of transcending loveliness. Verily it would seem as though every plant that loves a warm moist air was gathered here, and perhaps this is so, for all I know. But it is a wonderful place, arranged in a wonderful way, and filled, almost literally to the roof, with wonderful plants. Emerging thence one finds oneself immediately above a sunken garden that lies between the grotto and the house. The library is trimmed with Circassian walnut with walls of red damask Ss A swimming pool-enclosure of modern classic style A Swimming-Pool for Private Gardens By Lawrence Eden WIMMING-POOLS, while not usual adjuncts of the country estate, have, nevertheless, a real value and interest of their own, and are the source of an im- mense pleasure and satisfaction to those who possess them. They imply grounds of some- what large extent, for they are ob- viously only adapted to sequestrated por- tions of the grounds, and, in most cases, are closely veiled within trees and luxuriant growths of shrubbery. And surely what can be else that goes to the making of a country estate, the swim- ming-pool may be large or small, inexpensive or costly. A mere widening of a brook may be sufficient in some cases, and is at once the most natural and the most readily con- Siemulc tie dor eal swimming - pools. W hen tthe estate possesses a private pumping - plant, however, it will be found more desir- able in many ways to construct a basin expressly for bath- ing purposes, and to ain | arrange for an tl iy > ample supply of LADIED more delightful than fresh water and an an early morning dip and swim in a adequate system of change. In this cleanly kept pool be- neath the shade of some grand old trees and in a spot seemingly remote from human habita- tions, and yet so near as to be but a short walk out from the house? It is no wonder that such acces- sories are high in favor with the own- ers of large estates, nor is it strange that the swimming- oo « «© « © @ © © DRESSING | Se way the pool be- comes independent of the haphazard location of brooks and streams, and can be placed any- where on the grounds. It is comparatively easy, then, to select a well-wooded spot, prepare an excava- tion of sufficient size, line it with concrete, arrange the feed and waste pipes, and the work | DREBSING Lapied | pool has come to be regarded as, if not absolutely essential, at least highly desir- able. So it has come to take its place with the tennis-court and other places set apart for outdoor sports, and yields to none of them in the pleasure it gives. is done. There must, how- ever, be a bath- a, ron Ba house that the bath- ers may disrobe, and the architect’s serv- ices are called in for the designing of a structure that will be conveniently adapted to these ends. It may be a Like _ everything Plan for swimming-pool and enclosure rustic pavilion, per- 342 Bathing-house and pool haps as charming as the one pictured in the accompanying photograph, or it may be an elaborate group of buildings illustrated in the plan and section. This is a highly ornate structure, designed on quite an elaborate scale and built with some regard to grandeur of effect. The drawings reproduce a design made by Mr. William De Vos, of Ghent, the quaint old Flemish city of Belgium, and are typically Continental in their general lay- out and arrangement. It is, in brief, a large open space, surrounded by a gallery or promenade, with a flooring tiled or grassed, as may be desired. ‘The gallery, supported by AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 al FU “ita | — sae i yg) THAW HAN An ornamental center Ionic columns, is covered to afford protection from wind and rain. There are three dressing-rooms on each side—on one, for men, on the other, for women. ‘The outer wall is carried up high enough to shut out the view from without, but sufficient space is left above it to permit free access of air. The great semicircular seat with which this sumptuous bath is closed is sometimes found in other forms as a high ornamental adjunct of the swimming-pool. The pergola of one of the illustrations is thoroughly charming in every way, and is a really noble ornament of the pool that lies below it. A swimming-pool with pergola September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 343 MN ISES By C. C. Grant =) HE word trellis is so familiar that it needs XS]) no definition—no need to know that it is derived from the old English word trelys, the French word treille, or the Latin, tri- chila. A mention of the word and one’s mind pictures a light structure of crossed bars of wood or interlacing metal support- ing and displaying the foliage and flowers of climbing plants. Considering the many uses for trellis work, it is remark- able that it is not more generally utilized, but that it is being more appreciated one has only to look over recent archi- tectural magazines to be convinced. The architect who, in his design of country homes, con- siders the aid of foliage in direct connection with the house must needs employ trellis. It furnishes a simple and inex- pensive means of adding interest to blank wall spaces, to entrances or to porches. A glance at our illustrations will bear out this point, and they tell more plainly than words the architectural uses for trellis work. The structural pieces of wood trellis are usually of seven-eighths inch by two- inch material, the uprights secured flat against the walls and the cross-pieces nailed to them. Usually where a wood trellis stands free—for example, where it acts as a ladder for vines climbing to a system of pro- jecting rafters—the up- rights and crossbars are halved together. To have the divisions of trellis work approximate the size and shape of adjacent window- pane divisions preserves a pleasing scale. A bold but attractive architectural use of trellis is the covering of entire house walls with the vertical and horizontal strips, omitting, of course, the doors and windows. There are a number of not- able examples of this, but the one uppermost in the mind of the writer is the old Wyck homestead, in Germantown, Philadelphia. In garden design, espe- A simple door trellis cially in that of formal gardens, trellis work seems a neces- sary part of pergolas, pavilions, tea-houses and other archi- tectural accessories. Perhaps the most utilitarian form of trellis work is the trellis fence—a structure six to eight feet high of our crossed bars, in bays between posts. Such a fence, accompanied always by the necessary vines, furnishes a pleasing screen about service-yard and. stable-yard enclosure, or about any- thing where concealment is desirable. The city, too, has its uses for trellis work. Great un- sightly walls, which usually occur on party lines, have been made sightly by an applied covering of small-scale wood trellis—perhaps a better word would be lattice—divided into interesting panels. ‘This is usually done when the win- dows of an adjoining house look out on such a wall. The position of this lattice usually precludes the use of vines, hence the small scale of the crossing-pieces the better to conceal the wall. [his is a method much developed in French architecture, but several excellent examples may be seen along Fifth Avenue in New York City. A most serviceable and picturesque form of trellis can be constructed of bam- boo bound together at the intersections by copper wire. The Japanese make exten- sive use of bamboo in in- teresting trellis forms. Metal trellis is generally a stock product of interlac- ing heavy wire in stiffening frames. It is to be had in panel or arched forms, and, while not very architectural, is very practical. It is de- sirable where the trellis should not count strongly in the scheme of things. White is perhaps the most effective color for wood trellis, counting strongly among the dark masses of foliage. The lat- tice used on city house blank walls is painted dark green, its position requiring an in- conspicuous color. The effect is not unlike foliage. Green or black paint is de- sirable on metal trellis. % ‘ SSA p poe 4 IS September, 1909 In considering trellis one must consider vines—the tw6 are inseparable except in the case of city lattice work. A mention of a few of the most serviceable for display or for screening purposes or for both may be of use. The one drawback in the use of trellis work is the care necessary to preserve it by the use of oil paint, which should be applied about every three years. Even though vines twine themselves about their trellis, this can, with care, be painted during the time of year the leaves are off. If the vines are trained by being tied on the surface of the supporting trellis, they may readily be taken down and the trellis painted. Another, and perhaps the simplest, scheme is to use only vines which die down each fall and come up rapidly the following spring. A good example for this purpose is the small white-flowered clematis (Clematis paniculata). Cutting it back to the ground in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A trellised house front y Z y 14 4 Ly LW 4 a3 345 (Humulus japonicus is an- other excellent vine that dies away from the trellis each fall. It is an annual and a compact rapid grower, with leaves five or six inches across. It supports itself by means of ten- drils and branches freely. Altogether it is one of the best of screening vines. Seeds may be sown out of doors about April fifteenth; better results, however, are obtained from plants started indoors about the middle of March. Sun and plenty of water in dry weather are essential for successful culture. There is a showy green-and-white- leaved variety (Humulus japonica, var. variegatus), which is as strong a grower as its plainer relative. Of the vines which must be trained it seems hardly necessary to mention the well-known old standbys, wistaria (Wistaria chinen: sis), trumpet vine (Tecoma radicans), or the various honeysuckles. All add the loveliness of their flowers to their value as a screen. The the spring produces the best results. It requires little if any first two require a rich soil, should be planted in the spring training—supporting itself by its leaves. Rose-laden trellises Hf) fig Fired § rT AH pg’ The Japanese hop or early fall and not pruned until after the flowering season. An enclosed porch . Necemamieetaeiaetninitesinetiin { + RRRANRAAR ARAN. ON, AANA ARAN MOAN U RRR R ARIA AO ay SAMSON ANNAN SINAN ; | sate AAARANInOIOMRORNNNONAN OA Ay j ponte Dre WAAR ” Phapenndr OreMh at HRANTOMAIN ANNAN NS nin NA NNN . Lovocsiaiganonen ener Was 3 ser September, 1909 z And, it solved the Rural ==} aslight problem—instanter. were ey Operating under the‘‘Willson”’ Lig and many other patents, the “7: Union Carbide Company, with headquarters at 157 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, is now the largest manufac- turer of Carbide in the world. “Union Carbide” is made at the Com- pany’s immense factories at Niagara Falls snd Sault Ste. Marie, and is distributed YOU can make the Brilliant exclusively by Union Carbide Sales Co., through its warehouses scattered all over America. “Union Carbide” won’t burn, can’t explode, and will ‘keep’? anywhere for years, stored in 100-lb. watertight steel drums in which it is shipped from the factory. When “Union Carbide” is dropped into plain water it produces Acetylene Gas which is ten times richer than the best City Gas. When this Gas is lighted at a burner, same as City Gas, it gives forth a brilliant white light, of exactly the same chemical quality and color- balance as Sunlight. eS Ee Acetylene Gas being ten times purer than City Gas only one-tenth as much of its flame is needed as would be required for the same candle- power of Light from City Gas, Kerosene or Gaso- lene. This means that only a very small fraction of the heat, with none of the soot and smell of Kero- sene or Gasolene is present. It also accounts for the fact that an Acetylene Light of 24 candle-power costs only about 3} cents for 10 hours, lighting; while regular Kerosene Lamps cost about 6 cents in Kerosene, Chimneys and Wicks, on the average, for the same 24 candle- power in 10 hours’ lighting. And, 40 Acetylene Lights need only about 30 minutes per month of labor, while 8 to 10 Kero- sene Lamps need that same 30 minutes of labor every day for 365 days in the year. che eieck Compare 6 hours per year for 40 Acetylene Lights with 183 hours per year for 8 or 10 Kerosene Lamps. And consider the unpleasant kind of work such ‘Lamp Slavery” represents. Meantime, Acetylene is the most beautiful Light ever used, as well as the most convenient. Brilliant, cool, steady, soft, safe, and colorless as Sunlight itself. It is the only artificial Light under which pale- yellow, pale-blue, or pink are seen at their true value. Two million Americans use it regularly today, and over 348 Towns are publicly lighted by it. You will be surprised to find out how easily and cheaply you can make this wonderful light yourself. Not only light for every room in your house, but light for your out-build- ings, barns and barnyard, if you have any, and, what’s more, light that can be turn- ed on by the pull of a chain without the use of matches. Write us today how large your house and how many rooms you have, and receive our estimate and free books giving full infor- mation. Just address UNION CARBIDE SALES CO., Dept. D-14, Adams Street, Chicago, Ill. Easily! Acetylene Gas 2: y WITH THE Sunlight “Omega” Generator Only Automatic Generator with the modern INDIRECT feed operated by its own power ! INSURES ABSOLUTE SAFETY! Easiest to understand—easiest to handle! Nothing to get out of order! Costs no more than the other kind! Brighten up your home! Our Illustrated Book Free. Tells all about up-to-date lighting of country homes. Get it! Read it! 47 Warren Street, New York October, 1909 izer, and water from this source is usually of the right temperature. The weekly or semi-weekly bath is of first importance, and this, more than any one thing, will tend to keep the plants in health and free from insects; the best way to supply this is to take the plants to the bathroom and use the bath spray, first tempering the water to about the temperature of the room and sending the spray over and under the foliage so that every part of the plant is thoroughly washed. If there is no bathroom convenient, then the plants may be carried to the kitchen or laun- dry and a short hose attached to the water supply used, or a watering-pot employed, but plants should not be carried through cold halls or rooms when wet, and if this can not be avoided then it will be better to give them their bath where they grow by means of a zinc tube and watering-pot. ‘This, in the case of small plants, is not difficult, and the weekly bath may be supplemented by a daily spraying with a rubber sprinkler, preferably of the crooked-necked variety. Weak-limbed, straggly plants, like the ivy geraniums, petunias and the like, should be carefully staked, using neat bamboo stakes for the purpose or other sightly supports. If good soil and suitable fertilizer has been used in potting the plants in the fall, little if any further enrichment will be necessary dur- ing the winter. It is a good plan to combine a small quantity of bone meal with the soil in the pot, as this is quite lasting in its effects, but liquid fertilizer should never be given to plants which are not already growing; weak, backward plants which can not assimilate the food already in the soil will be simply given an attack of indigestion by the presence of more food. Ammonia, which is not a food but a stimulant, may be given in weak doses occa- sionally to create a desire for food, but that is all. Over-watering is one of the chief sins of treatment which indoor plants receive. Al- most all plants are benefited by being allowed to become nearly dry between waterings; wet soil and poor drainage means sour soil—a con- dition no plant can endure and remain healthy, and it is to this cause we must look in nine times out of ten when a plant becomes ailing; the plant should be turned out of the pot by placing the fingers over the soil and reversing the pot and giving it a sharp tap against the side of the table, when the ball of earth will roll out in the hand and the condition of the roots may be examined; if no white roots ap- pear and few if any brown ones, it is an indica- tion that the plant is occupying too large a pot, and it will be better to remove a portion of the earth and repot in a smaller one, using good drainage and packing the earth very firmly about the roots if the plant is a hard- wooded one, more lightly if of soft, succulent growth, like the begonias or impatians, Prim- roses, which are inclined to decay at the crown, should have the earth higher at this point, while heliotropes, on the other hand, which make a close, fibrous mat of root, difficult of penetration by water, should rather be lower than higher at the sides of the pot that the water may soak down through the roots rather than run off between the pot and the ball of earth; it will also be well to open a few channels for it by running a pencil down into the soil. Where there is found a good growth of new roots the plants should be carefully re- turned to the pot and allowed time to give results; it is all right, and probably only needs a little time to produce flowers; at this time if there is doubt of the fertility of the soil, a little weak liquid manure may be given or a little bone meal sprinkled over the surface of the soil and worked into it with a fork. Suitable soil for repotting should be pro- Gierahengao AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vided in the fall, and sharp sand, broken char- coal and sphagnum moss be kept handy for use in case of any plant which may need repotting ; accidents often occur by which a plant is thrown down and the pot broken and nothing at hand to repair the damage; this should be provided for in season. Plants and bulbs for spring potting often arrive from the florists at a time when earth is not available from the garden, and a supply in the cellar will be found most convenient. Hanging baskets present one of the most dificult problems for winter care; their posi- tion in the upper part of the room, where the air is several degrees warmer than at the win- dow-sil!, necessitates more frequent and copious watering than pot plants receive, and the watering is attended with difficulty of various kinds. Plants in earthen baskets are mussy things to water owing to the tendency of water to run off through the holes in the sides of the basket for hanging it; the drainage hole in the bottom also affords another means for a deluge, unexpected and unpleasant; for this reason I prefer the wire baskets lined with moss, which, with proper watering twice a week, will usually prove very satis- factory. The best way to water these is to take them down and immerse the entire basket in a pail of tepid water until the ball of earth is thoroughly soaked; the basket should then be thoroughly drained before returning it to its position in the window by setting it over an empty pail or large pan until the water ceases to drip from it. Treated thus the plants will make a very satisfactory showing. Plants which are kept growing and clean will seldom be troubled with insects; white worms in the soil, which may be destroyed by soaking the earth with lime water, and green lice are the most common foes, and the latter may be destroyed by smoking the plants with wet tobacco stems laid on coals or by spraying with water heated to a temperature of one hundred and forty degrees. This will also be found effective in ridding plants of red spider; in this case, when the plants are of suitable size, resort may be had to dipping the entire plant in hot water of about one hundred and thirty degrees and hold it there a couple of minutes. This not only kills any insects with which it may be infested but also cleans and invigorates the plant. CARING FOR CANNAS AND OTHER ROOTS DURING WINTER By Ida D. Bennett HE care of cannas and roots of other T plants used for summer-bedding during the winter months is one of the perplex- ities of gardening, so prone are they to decay. I have known professional florists who failed signally with the finer grades of cannas—the orchid flowered, though the large-leaved com- mon kind gave little, if any, trouble. One of the chief causes of trouble with the canna is having the roots out of the ground too long; this is caused by digging too early— often as soon as the frost has cut the tops, and starting too late in the spring, as it is in the late days of winter that the chief mischief to the roots occur. This late starting is often unavoidable. Florists who have every facility for the work can bring out the roots, divide them, and set them to growing in sand over = Shredded or m Bags Pulverized Best and safest manure for florists and greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, nodanger. Write for circular and prices. The Pulverlzed Manure Co. 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 4 Pond 5! Sealed Bares ! fs tpn tiallananivasictiasgmaiionsii Happy womanhood means happiness for mankind. Mother instinct demands warmth—because warmth is the heart of the home. All know that a bleak house is a house of trouble. Rich tapestries, luxurious couches, and rugs of Persian weave can never cheer the rooms not provided with the soft, pure warmth and ventilation of Hot-Water, Low-Pressure Steam, or Vacuum heating. placed in the home will comfort every part with genial, healthful warmth. Throw out the old- fashioned heating and watch the change in womankind. Every modern home is now being supplied with IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN RADIATO RS BOILERS Radiators because people everywhere are begin- ning to realize all the merits of this way of heating, Every inch of heating surface in the world-famous IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators has been designed and stands for one purpose—thorough heating results with least expense for fuel. We do a world-wide business and keep constantly informed as to the needs and developments in heating practice. Hence our product is ever kept advancing, thus meriting the high endorsement of all architects and heating engineers in America and Europe. Whether your building is old or new, farm or city, it can be heating-comforted without tearing up, or dis- turbingoccupants. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators save heating dollars for the owner, and their cleanliness so re- duces housework that the A No. 3015 IDEAL Boiler and 175 ft. A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 400 ft. of 33-in. AMERICAN Radiators, cost- of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, cost- fol h ing the owner $125, were used to Steam ing the owner $215, were used to Hot- women olks may have heat this cottage. Water heat this cottage. andenjoy many lounging At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent fitter. This hours.” Write us to-day did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is extra for free book, Ideal Heat- and varies according to climatic and other conditions. ing Investments.” Public Showrooms AMERICAN R ADI ATOR (0 MP MANY Wet Det 6 all large cities Os offs obs 0M ole ots os ols al oka ke os ots os obec (ks Os se oe ols os obs cs XXII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 the pipes in the greenhouse before any real harm is done; but in the private house—un- less there is a conservatory or greenhouse attached, there is seldom room for caring for any considerable number of bulbs where there will be light and the necessary amount of heat, so that they must be left until March at the earliest. They may, however, be left in the ground as late as possible—until the last of Novem- ber, any way—and, in late falls, it may be practicable to leave them well on towards Christmas. “The tops should be cut back, as soon as frozen, as far as sound tissue; and in this connection I would suggest the heavy mulching of the beds with dead leaves, lawn clippings or other cover, at the approach of a killing frost, bringing the litter well up about the stems in order that the frost may be kept as far as possible from the roots. After cut- ting back the frozen tops the bed should be piled high with leaves or other mulch and the whole protected with canvas or other material which will shed rain, as the protective value of the leaves rests in their dryness—a wet mass about the cannas would add to the dan- ger of frost. A bright day, free from frost, should be selected for the final digging of the roots that there may be no danger of their becoming chilled in the operation; the roots should be lifted with as much of the earth adhering as possible and placed in a warm, dry cellar in shallow boxes and enough earth thrown over them to protect them from the air. Occasion- ally during the winter they should be examined to see that they are not becoming dust-dry, in which case they should be sprinkled lightly with water. By February it will be neces- sary to examine the condition of the roots as to dry-rot or decay, and if any of the roots are found diseased they should be at once removed that the trouble may not spread throughout the entire box of roots. CALADIUMS except the new flowering caladiums, which are a very uncertain proposition, are more easily cared for than cannas; that is, they winter better, but they require more _ heat. ‘They may be placed in boxes like the canna, but the boxes should be in a warmer place and should be elevated on something three teet or more from the floor, especially if the floor be cold and damp as in ordinary cellars. Only a furnace cellar is a safe repository for this class of roots, but gladiolas and dahlias will winter safely in any cellar that will keep potatoes in good condition. ‘The greatest suc- cess I have had with caladiums has been to lay them on the ground under the hot water- pipes where they extend outside of the cellar (the cellar not being under the entire house and the opening under the foundation of the remaining part being large enough to enter), and covering them with earth and sprinkling two or three times during the winter. In this situation they came out in splendid condition in spring, showing green leaf-shoots six or eight inches long. DAHLIAS winter easily packed in dry sand, earth, or merely thrown in a box in the cellar. They should not be dug too early, and if they are taken up when the earth about them is moist enough to adhere to the roots in considerable quantity they will give no trouble about keep- ing. When they have been well frosted be- fore digging the dead stalks should be cut back to live tissue, and in placing them in the boxes or baskets they should be set stalks up. GLADIOLA are as easily care for as should be left in the ground dahlias. They until the foliage Grow Chestnuts Like This For Profit Covers'a 50c. piece Whether you have one acre, or a hun- dred, you can get bigger profits per acre from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any other crop you could plant. Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk; stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— These qualities have been combined and de- veloped by science toa degree that closely bor- ders perfection, in the new SOBER PARAGON Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 (5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- ~ chard was only 7 years old, The only large sweet chestnut in the world. United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says “The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated varieties that I have examined. It is of large size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The nuts average 1 to 2 inches in diameter—and 3 to 5 nutsina burr. We offer 3 to 5-foot zrafted trees for delivery Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being booked now. an Testimony from growers, commission mer- chants, Forestry Experts, etc., givenin our free booklet, together with prices and particulars. We own exclusive con- trol of the Sober Para- gon. This copyrighted metal seal is attached to every genuine tree, when shipped. Write today for the booklet. Address ‘‘Desk D.” GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, ROCHESTER, N. Y. St EWART Iron Fence Will beautify your grounds and furnish the desired protectionat less expense than any improvement that can be made. Combines dignity, symmetry, orna- mentation and durability. Backed by 25-years’ experience, an established reputation, facilities of production, patents and special features that place it far in advance of all others. Stewart’s is synonymous with quality and is specified by leading architects. Original designs in harmony with house and grounds is our specialty. Catalogue, estimates and suggestions cheerfully supplied. Agents Wanted THE STEWART IRON WorRKS Co. 1726 Covington St., Cincinnati, O. The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Works Too Nice to be Without | “FURNITURE” The only magazine of its kind in the world. Tells how to distinguish furzzture of character from the common Peon oi and unworthy kind, illustrates the 4 tht , best modern interpretations of the old masters. ‘ FURNITURE” is not a technical magazine. It is written for the users of good furnishings, pro- fusely illustrated with the latest designs, contains valuable and inter- esting information on a subject each lover of the correct and beautiful in the home will revel in. Published quarterly at $1.00 the year Send 35c. for sample copy which will be credited on yearly sub- scriptions if you wish. GRAND RAPIDS FURNITURE RECORD CO. Publishers, Dept. D, Grand Rapids, Mich. 60 pages9in x13in is well ripened and then dug with the stalks attached and laid in a warm, sunny position to dry and ripen, after which the stalks should be cut—never torn—off three or four inches from the bulb and the bulbs placed in paper sacks—flour sacks are best—and hung from the rafters of the cellar or other cool place. They will require no further care until time for starting them in the spring. MONTBRETIAS when lifted for the winter require the same care as the gladiolas—to be taken up, dried and hung in paper bags until spring. In taking them up the connecting roots be- tween the bulbs should not be disturbed, as these are the rhizomes on which new bulbs appear and their destruction much lessens the increase which is usually very great. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS should be carried through the winter in the pots in which they were grown, allow- ing them to dry off gradually and placing the pots in a warm, dry place over winter, as a closet off of a room, where there is fire. If they have been grown in the open ground or the window-box they should be potted and allowed to ripen before putting away. FANCY-LEAVED CALADIUMS require the same treatment as the begonias and are very susceptible to decay, as is also the TIGRIDIAS which are only wintered successfully in soil in which they have grown, or by potting or burying in dishes of earth and allowing them to become established before setting away for the winter. They are much afflicted with a blue mold, and it is rare to receive bulbs from the seedsman and florist free from this trouble. They should not be taken to the cellar, but placed on a shelf in a warm closet or in a drawer. ISMENES may be treated like gladioli and wintered in paper bags, but will give rather better result if potted and kept slightly moist in a warm position. If cold and damp they will invari- ably decay at the heart, and, although the bulb may have every appearance of soundness, it will be found to be rotten at the center, and so, of course, worthless. For this reason they should be lifted before touched with frost, or well protected on frosty nights. I have fre- quently seen it stated that the ismenes were hardy in the open ground; but this is by no means so, few plants being less so, and I do not think that any protection would make them hardy at the North. CRINUMS may be wintered in a warm cellar and be much benefited by the rest they thus obtain. They should not be allowed to go dust-dry, but no more water than is really necessary should be given, as it will encourage growth when the plant should be resting; and it is on the completeness of this season of rest that the flowering for the next season depends. Often the first sign of growth will be the appearance of buds; when these appear the plants should be brought up and given a warm, sunny place and plenty of water. Amaryllis require the same treatment, and the more completely they may be induced to die down and rest the better will it be for the plant and its subsequent blossoming. Atamascos, spider liles, cooperias, bessera elegans, milla bifloras and like bulbs may be lifted, dried off and wrapped in waxed paper placed in paper bags in a warm, dry closet or drawer until wanted the following spring, or they may be covered with dry sand or earth and wintered on a shelf in a warm cellar. October, 1909 “Seeing is Believing” *“Cheap’’ Mission Furniture is an abomination, but it is no reflection on honest, high-grade furniture that it can be bought for less than half the retail store price— especially when you know what you are getting. Our plan of selling “Come- Packt’ Sectional Furniture direct from our factory to the user cuts out such useless and heavy selling expenses that our low prices are logical. What is better still, there can be no doubt as to that most important considera- ; tion—the quality. You see just what you get—and you get Quarter Sawed White Oak—rich in beautiful flake and grain. Selected stock of this kind costs twice as much as the plain sawed red or white | oak used in most furniture. No stain disguises cheaper substitutes in our furniture; no defects can be concealed. It comes \ 1 | ] satisfaction to the most critical, and a big saving in the cost to you. The assembling of the finished sections and the application of the stain we send (you can choose from seven kinds) is simple, easy, ; and a matter of an hour cr two at most, depending on the size of the piece. All the hard work is done at our factory— even the holes bored for screws—and you thus have the joy of creation, shorn of all the arduous detail and all the difficulties. To illustrate, the Morris Chair at the head of this article comes in four completed sections. The two sides are each entirely assembled, the front rail fitted to slip into the mortised joints, as is also the back rail with hinged back attached. The cushions are all made, ready to drop into place. The Settle is equally simple, and even the massive Dining Table is one of the simplest pieces to put together; there are but five sections. $17.75, with 3 leaves A Tempting Assortment Over 100 other correctly designed and beautifully pro- portioned pieces are shown in our 48-page catalog. It will prove fascinating to the lover of artistic Arts and Crafts furniture —it will delight the house- wife—and it will please the man who pays the bills. Write us to-day and we will mail a_ copy frec, and tell you of our liberal guarantee that enables us to say ‘Your money back if you say so.”’? Addresg THE COME - PACKT FURNITURE C0. Formerly International Mfg. Co. ‘“in the white’? —a solid _ SUMMER BLOOMING OXALIS should be lifted and stored in paper bags after drying off. They may be separated and graded, if desired, and only the finest and largest bulbs saved. “These bulbs increase so wonderiully that unless one wishes to engage in the sale of them there is little need of sav- ing the entire crop. One oxalis bulb planted in the spring will produce forty or fifty new bulbs by fall; so if one has planted a hundred bulbs in the spring the result is apt to be over- whelming. SOME NEW AMERICAN RUGS ERVICEABLE rugs that are made in our S own country are each year coming more and more into evidence. The growing popularity for movable floor-coverings, in place of tacked-down carpets, has inspired the regular manufacturers to new efforts and has also occasioned some interesting experiments with looms and colors. ‘These novelties, many of them, have become standard furnishings for the home. The revival of the old-fashioned cotton-rug weaving on hand-looms a few years ago was, no doubt, the opening wedge for the creation of rugs of a heavier material, capable of stand- ing greater wear. One of these varieties is made of wool, requiring four pounds of ma- terial for each square yard. Both sides of the rug are alike, and while it can be made as a plain covering for the floor, it is capable of being woven with borders and lines after the fashion of the Navajo Indians. The advantages of a rug of a solid color is recognized by every home-maker who employs a figurer wall-paper in a room. ‘This is the most general treatment in wall decoration, and to balance effects the plain-color rug is in- evitable. Another reason for a rug of this type is the frequent use of the Mission furniture, requir- ing for its proper complement on the floor something distinctively appropriate. Still another modern need is the increased number of summer porches and winter sun- parlors that claim a rug suitable for their specific conditions. The new American wool-rugs are well adapted to each of these needs. “Their color- range is varied, and the shades of red, blue, green and brown most artistic. All of the usual stock sizes are found ready-made, and a great many others can be made up on order. * from Vacuum MOBILOIL—will run your cara AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxii — q Saves The Cost of Your Car Perfect lubrication—the kind you get third longer and at a third less expense than if you merely trust to ‘“‘lubrication,’’ the comnion. careless, chance-taking kind. Vacuum MOBILOIL is made in 6 different grades, one of which is made for your par- ticularcar. It saves you expense andexperiment. It protects your car from friction, the hardest, costliest kind of motor wear. A valuable booklet on motor |ubrica- tion will be sent free on application. Lists every automobile made, and shows grade of MOBILOIL necessary for its perfect lubrication. Contains track records up to date, and facts of vital interest to motorists. MOB)LOIL in barrels, and in cans with patent pouring spout,is sold by. dealers everywhere. Manufactured by VACUUM OIL CO., Rocuester, N. Y. Experiment No More Mixing paints used to be a necessary part of learning the painter’s trade. Now machines do it so much better. The apprentice doesn’t have to spend his days experimenting—spoiling whole batches of good paint—or worse still, putting it on improperly prepared. He insures satisfactory results with and saves his time and your money, for “High Standard” Paint is mixed and ground —ready for the brush—by the finest paint- grinding machinery in America. Chemical and scientific tests—the only real tests for materials and methods—based upon years of practical experience, take the place of the hit or miss methods of the painter’s hand-made process, leaving to him time and opportunity to develop skill in painting. During 35 years the ‘‘Little Blue Flag”’ has come to have a definite value on a paint can. It means Assured Quality and is your protection. There is a ‘‘High Standard”’ paint for every purpose and a line of ‘Little Blue Flag’’ Varnishes just as complete—just as sure to satisfy. Write for booklet ‘‘The Owner's Re- sponsibility.”’ The Lowe Brothers Company 450-456 E. Third St., Dayton, Ohio Boston New York Chicago Kansas City XxiVv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY GUARANTEE LABELS Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously translated in practice. Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the leadership of Wolff design. L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. Established 1855—§ ————_— MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The only complete line made by any one firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE STREET | | SHOWROOMS: 91 DEARBORN STREET | CHICAGO ea TRENTON BRANCH OFFICES Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Buffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Connections [ete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift Sump Tank Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat House Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Buildin Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, etc. [by Electricity Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes Modern Plumbing Illustrated By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (1014x734) Paces 55 FuLL PaGEs OF ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 q A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public Buildings, etc. The very latest and most ap- proved methods in all branches of Sanitary In- stallation are given. @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- trated follow in the next column. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York When a perfectly plain floor-covering is re- quired, no border is woven across the short ends, but a seamless rug in one tone is made up to a 12 x 12 foot size. (This large rug in any of the deeper tones gives a particularly handsome appearance in a commodious-sized room. ) If such a coloring is too plain, a border of contrasting colors is woven near the ends in “wide and narrow stripes. When a set of small rugs is required to fit unequal spaces, a group of these rugs woven alike gives unusual charm to a room, whether it be in a country-home that is used all the year round, or a simple bungalow that is occu- pied only for vacation days and week-ends. Besides the attractive colorings that form a large measure of the merit of these American rugs, there is a special kind made of camel’s- hair in the natural color that is designed for outdoor wear in the country. Such a rug as this made a comfortable foothold in a garden- house where it was exposed to the weather, without showing the dust and dirt that was naturally brought into such a place. This latest type of American rug has, in fact, so many advantages for real use and at- tractive quality that one needs not now de- ‘pend on our foreign importations. NEW BOOKS Witp FLowers Every CHILD SHOULD Know. By Frederic William Stack. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. Pp. 15+411. Price, $1.20. A thoroughly useful book. The author rightly states that it dose not require a pre- paratory course nor any special instruction to become acquainted with the more common wild flowers and their individual traits, and then proceeds to show how this knowledge may be acquired in a very direct and simple manner. ‘The book is not a “child’s book” in the common acceptation of the word, but is an elementary treatise on plants, very care- fully prepared, admirably condensed and emi- nently useful in its plan and arrangement. ‘The key to the subject, as Mr. Stack presents it, is the color of the flower, all the plants described being grouped under their own col- ors. Identification is thus reduced to the simplest method, and the whole kingdom of wild flowers is easily opened to the beginner. It is a book some older folk will like, too, and find exceedingly useful. ‘THe StTupio YEAR-BOOK OF DECORATIVE Art, 1909. New York: John Lane Company. Pp. 163 . Price, $3.00; post- age, 35 cents. A new system of presentation has been chosen in the preparation of this annual vol- ume. Descriptions of the objects illustrated are omitted, and instead there are given brief biographical notices of the various artists whose craft work has been chosen for publi- cation. It is interesting to know who these people are, where they live and what have been their most notable achievements; yet, in a work of this sort there is ample room for descriptive notes, information as to color and material and the like that is missing from the present volume. But the creative value of this annual review is still at the high-water mark set by earlier issues. “The illustrations are most abundant, and cover many forms of decorative art. It is, in short, a most impressive survey of the progress of modern art, and designers and art lovers may well regard it as indispensable. The volume is beautifully printed, and the illustrations include many exquisite plates in color. It is a book that cannot well be too highly commended. Colonial Designs [: the selection of hardware trimmings for a Colonial | house, harmony should prevail be- tween hardware design and archi- teciural style. The new- old-fashioned knocker and door-latch here illustrated are splendid examples of the appropriateness and unusual excellence of Sargent’s ARTISTIC Hardware for homes of the Colonial type. The latch and cylinder lock also show how modem secur- ity and convenience can be combined with old-fashioned appearance. Besides nearly a score of Colonial patterns, Sargent’s Hardware is made in designs to harmonize with all periods and schools of architecture— for interior and exterior. If you are building, get eros GRRL aU SEN DUE NT AALS UAC a ay Sargent’s Book of Designs Sent FREE Illustrates and describes nearly eighty varieties of hardware. The Colonial Book —also free—shows Cut Glass Knobs, Door Handles, Door Knockers and other fittings adapted for a Colonial house. Write for the books to-day, addressing SARGENT & COMPANY, 156Leonard St., N. Y = SPA ENTS A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - -New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. Fireproofing Departments: ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc SEATTLE: L A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company JUST PUBLISHED New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR AG PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK SAIS I Wh Id Wh DF Wd Wl Wd Wd Wd Wd Hd a hd “a Koll’s Patent Lock-Joint Columns The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by Hartmann - Sanders Company Elston and Webster Avenues CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also " Sweet's Index.") AS FUNIPUR FUR FUR FUR FUR PUN FL FUN FU FUL PLA PUN FUN FUN FUN FUEL FU FL PYTNTLTLTLTLTL ELT L TL TUTE TL TLE LT LT LT LTT LTT es _. The Aristo wi x CARES The Electric That Meets Every Need of the Society Woman OU can learn to run The Baker in twenty minutes. It far exceeds all other electrics in simplicity, safety, as well as mileage and speed. It is noiseless and clean—having a battery capacity of 70 to 100 miles. It is unequaled for city and suburban use. WRITE FOR OUR HANDSOME BOOKLET It clearly explains the many advantages of Baker Electrics, and gives full information regarding the elegant 1910 Model Coupes, Broughams, Victorias, Landaulets, Runabouts, Roadsters, etc. THE BAKER MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY, 55 WEST 80TH STREET, CLEVELAND, OHIO. Salesrooms in the Principal Cities Vol. VI NOVEMBER, 1909 No. 11 AMERICAN HOMES*°GARDENS = emma innanareannvarcenaants oes = eee TMM TCO. ING "Publishers PRICE. 25 CENTS Our line comprises the finest and most complete designs of high-class clocks on the market. Our move- ments are superior in nearly every detail and the purchaser is assured that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” We will soon have ready for delivery, our new Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. Michaels. Our “Willard” or Banjo Clock is a model of perfec- tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class article in every respect. If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for illustrated catalogue. Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. wae << 4 ) Beauty of one’s daily surroundings. throughout our ten spacious floors. Nowhere else can there host of useful articles. ' obtainable elsewhere is specially invited. extended at all times. insures absolute safety to your purchase. USE UL SEOMUDA Y ‘GlRirs Those who put thought into their Holiday shopping appreciate that gifts of real and lasting value are those which contribute to the Comfort as well as the Such are the Useful Holiday Gifts now displayed in almost endless variety be found such a collection of Gift Articles, combining Artistic Distinction with Practical Utility. IMPORTED NOVELTIES in exclusive designs: Electroliers, Clocks, Bronzes, Objects of Art, Smoking Sets, Cigarette Boxes, Sewing Tables, Book Blocks and a Every piece is marked in plain figures and comparison with best values The freedom of inspection without obligation to purchase is cordially Selections will be held for specified delivery dates and our system of packing Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47 WEST 23“0T. 24-28 West 24" ST. Erected for Howard Gould, at Castlegould, L. I. Youre Fond of Flowers? Then why not have them all Winter > A greenhouse will be one of the greatest pleasures you ever put your money in—and a lasting pleasure at that. Flowers whenever you want them, either potted or cut—and fresh, crisp vegetables. A place to delightfully work off a little surplus energy and time. It doesn’t neces- sarily have to be a large house—just large enough to look after yourself, if you want to. May we send you some interesting information on the subject > Hitchings & Company Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. Two layers of glass ~F instead of one Li ( \ Try the Sunlight Sash for Tomatoes R. Effinger, Jeffersontown, Ky. writes: ‘‘I bought 20 Sunlight Sash and have given them a thorough trial. I never lost a plant from frost or freezing, although I never used any covering even during zero weather.”’ The man who grows to sell has tested the Sun- light Double Glass sash and found that it pays for itself in a single season. You will get such remarkable results that you will double your beds. The Sunlight Sash makes your plants as safe in zero weather as in the open air in May. The air between the two layers of glass is better protection than mats or boards. Never needs covering. You can handle your beds in half the time. Write for catalog and freight prepaid proposition. Fast freight, safe delivery guaranteed. Order now. Agents Wanted—T he wonderful success of Sunlight Sash makesit a good paying proposition to agents. 75 of our trial orders last year re-ordered this year in lots ranging from5tol100sash. Write for your territory today. SUNLIGHT DousLeE GLAss SasH Co., 9+3 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. November, 1909 MVE RLeCAN HOMES AND GARDENS ante STE aa oat (eu wae “zi haaa One of The New Reproductions For Lovers of ““ODD-BIT FURNISHING” THE “SHAWMUT PEDESTAL”—Price $20. SOA4{HE NEW FASHION OF FURNISHING the Living Room or Drawing Re Room with individual: Chairs, Tables, Pedestals and things—like the iN yy parlour of Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and Ursa Minimum, in the story “Little Goldenlocks and the Three Bears” —is becoming so vastly popular that the many votaries of this delightfully human sort of Odd-Bit Furnishing will appreciate the opportunity to secure this charming Pedestal for Bric-a-Brac or Statuary, at such a very little price, for a piece of Furniture subject to these specifica- tions, which we quote from our catalogue-folio “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE ” :— “American-Empire Colonial. To most people there is some- thing very agreeable about an octagon shape. This perhaps accounts for the popularity of this typically Colonial piece. It looks staunch enough to support the heaviest statue or vase, which is another attraction to the eye. It is staunch and steady enough to bear a very. heavy weight, and this, com- bined with its rich mahogany, in medium dark color and egg- shell finish, added to its exceptionally low price, makes it attractive to the pocket-book. Width at bottom 14% inches; Height, 37 inches; Dimensions at top 13 x 13 inches.” The folio “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” will be sent to responsible adults as well as These Additional Catalogs of HOME-FURNISHINGS Without Charge — Carriage Paid ““c The catalogue-folios “Palatial Furniture,” “Handcraft Furni- ture,’ “Modern Furniture,” “Metal Beds,” “Hygienic Bed- ding,” “Pianos,” “China and Glass’ and “Housekeeping Linens.” Our Decorative Advisory Bureau will also, on receipt of blue- print, and without charge, submit by mail, suggestions, sam- ples, color-schemes, and estimates, for full furnishing of rooms. If you have not yet received the little travelogue of the Wanamaker Stores, entitled the “GUIDE BOOK,” it would » be well to write for it now, before the edition is exhausted. gFREE on request. Section B. JOHN WANAMAKER The “Shawmut” Bric-a-Brac Pedestal N Y k No. D342—Price $20.00. ew or Sample and A House Lined with Circular “ Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and ‘ keeps out dampness. ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt tt ttttttt+ CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY MONG the distinctive features of interior decorations found in many old mansions are the deli- cately wrought lighting fixtures in perfect harmony with their surroundings. THE ENOS GOMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures OFFICE AND FACTORY: SALESROOMS : Seventh Ave. & 16th St. 36 West 37th St. NEW YORK BOSTON SAN FRANCISCO H. F. Esterbrook, Inc.,9 Park St. 1748 California Street BALTIMORE TOROHTO 519 N. Charles Street 94 King Street, West PITTSBURG SPOKANE G. P. Norton, Century Building Cutter & Plummer, Inc. ST. LOUIS . SEATTLE N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. Cox & Gleason, 1914 Second Av-. PORTLAND, ORE. 2, J. C. English Co., 128 Park St. ald fos CHICAGO WK. Cowan & Co., 203 Mich- igan Boulevard mae DAMP PETRIFAX RESISTING Interior and Exterior Coating for Brick, Concrete or Cement. “If the Coat Fits, Put It On’’ DEXTER BROTHERS’ English Shingle Stains produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile Reds, and Beautiful Silver Grays. V/7z¢e for Catalogue and Samples, DEXTER BROTHERS CO. 105 Broad Street, BOSTON Branch Office, 542 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blyd., Chi- cago; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. Photographs and de- scriptions of genuine antique pieces sent on request. List your wants of antiques with me. ( i Antiques RALPH WARREN BURNHAM IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS Wilks Hot Water Heaters i Insure Even Temperature at any desired degree the year around in green houses, poultry “houses, barns, garages, cot- tages, etc. Wilks’ improved coal magazine, is the only one that regulates itself and keeps the fire 10 hours—saving need of night firing, Most economical in use of fuel, and as easily cared for as a kitchen range. We guarantee satisfactory results from every heater recommended by us and in- stalled according to our directions. ° giving sizes, price Write for Book list, description, étc.,and tell us what you want a heater for. We will advise you what to get and furnish specifications forsetting up S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 3574Shields Avenue, Chicago. il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,”? Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 A sumptuous book, dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. sHlunn & Company Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’” 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK THE NEW AGRICULTURE HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows: CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. By T. BYARD COLLINS 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, £2 00, Postpaid CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- tion to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V. Teils of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII Veals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO., INC., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS lil INFORMATION FOR OWNERS WNERS today are informing themselves on the subject of bathroom fixtures. They find it helps them to intelligently plan with their architect and plumber. The result is a more complete and appropriate equipment, bought on the basis of permanent VALUE—not merely on initial cost. °‘*Modern Our booklet ‘‘ Modern Plumbing”’ is a condensed and Pl bi 99 practical handbook on the subject. It shows 24 interior UMDING Views of model bathrooms ranging in cost from $85 to $3,000. It suggests where to use Imperial Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware or Enameled Iron to the best advantage and gives illustrations with cost of in- dividual fixtures in each material. There are also helpful hints on decoration and tiling. THIS BOOKLET will give you a new idea of the possibilities of bathroom equipment. THEJ. L. MOTT IRON WORKS Sent on request, with 4c. to cover postage. BRANCHES Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, 1828 OVER EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 1909 Detroit,Minneapolis, Washington, St.Louis, FIFTH AVENUE AND ING SES TNA. oo (ORE SEVENTEENTH New Orleans, San Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, and Indianapolis. CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal STREET Corl lee OY If you wish the ideal covering for WALLS, CEILINGS, WAINSCOTS, in the Bathroom, Hall and Vestibule, investigate S Z/ Enametile is flexible metal, enameled and embossed, to repro- duce perfectly the finest encaustic and ceramic tiling at only one-sixth to one-half the cost. Enametile is easily and guichk/y applied, and is conveniently kept clean with sponge or damp cloth. Enametile is water-proof, dust-proof, vermin-proof. Enametile neither cracks, breaks nor loosens. Enametile is x20 only as beautiful in design and coloring as the most expensive tiles, but its highly enameled surface being embossed, throws its rich, mellow tints into high relief, and produces an effect which cannot be achieved with any other form of tiling or any other wall-covering. Emametile combines this highly artistic effect with great durability. * If you investigate Enametile because of its economy and dura- bility you will buy it because of its beauty. Send for Handsome Art Portfolio showing many designs of Ename- tile in original colors, Plans, estimates sent you direct, your contractor or your architect. NEW YORK METAL CEILING CO. 544 W. 24th Street, New York City Manufacturers of Metal Ceilings for Residences, Business and Public Buildings. Full information and catalogue to those interested. “DEFIANCE” Wood-Working Machinery For Pattern Shops and General Wood Work Invented @ Built by THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO Brom Our No. 3 Book GOING TO BUILD? GET OUR BOOKS OF RESIDENCE DESIGNS No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000 $ .50 No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000 1.00 No. 3. 25 Concrete Residences ... 1.00 HIGH-CLASS PLANS AT MONEY-SAVING PRICES Remember—No extras are added to our first price! Photographic cuts of 2-Flats, Schools, Churches, etc., 10 cents each. Be We enter large competitions submitting perspec- tives in Monochrome, Pen-and-Ink and Water Colors. Write us now. Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects SCHENECTADY, N. Y. "THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner — also makes brilliant illumination. — IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 LANE'S BALL-BEARING ISS VEE BEST HOUSE-DOOR HANGER MADE Other Styles for Less Money Send for Catalog Sold by Hardware Trade OUR NATIVE PERSIMMONS By E. P. Powell ful Otc a lected fruit, notwithstanding the fact | that the Japanese persimmon has _be- ; | come very popular. In my judgment a thor- | cughly good native is more eatable than the foreign. “There are some varieties already se- lected and grown by our best horticulturists, and yet very little has been done in the way of cross-breeding and improving the fruit. Mr. Miller, secretary of the Missouri Horti- cultural Society, some years ago sent me scions of a few sorts that he had collected and named. One of these was almost seedless, but it has not proved as ready to take care of itself in this climate. “The variety which has proved of most value to me is the same as that which is now propagated by Mr. Munson, at Deni- son, Texas, and named by him the Honey persimmon. Mr. Miller sent it to me under another name. It is a most delicious fruit, about one and three-quarters inches in diame- ter, and slightly flattened in shape. It ripens about the last week of October in this climate, and in 1908 it surpassed all the persimmons that I ever tasted. The best way for growing this fruit is to plant seeds of any stock you may have at hand. ‘The seedlings will most of them be fruitless, although they will blossom, but they will make . admirable stock in which to insert chosen scions. “They are equally good for Japanese and native scions. If your home is below the Ohio, try the Japanese; but in New York State, which is my summer home, the Japanese sorts are all too tender. You must bear in mind that the persimmon starts its growth quite late in the season, and your grafting must be done relatively later than apples, as apples must be grafted later than plums. The tree without fruit is a beauty, and about the right size for a common lawn. ‘The barren sorts will be admirable for our streets, and if planted in large numbers they might be grafted; that is, we must have enough of them to satisfy the boys. “The limbs are brit- tle and will not stand much climbing or pounding. In 1907, and in that year only, the persim- mon failed to ripen into sweetness. As a rule, the tree will be loaded with its golden balls. The fruit does not need the help of frost, as people frequently say. In fact, a severe freez- ing very much injures the quality of the per- simmon. ‘The early sorts become very sweet and soft before any frost whatever, and then fall from the tree if not picked. ‘The later sorts hang on into the winter, and may be picked as late as January or February in a frozen state. Thaw them out slowly and they an mee §. make very good eating. ‘The squirrels are very fond of the fruit that remains till they come out in the spring. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY 434-466 Prospect Street POUGHKEEPSIE, .N. Y. Refinish a Piece of Your Furniture at Our Expense Let Us Send the Materials FREE Let us show you how to make old furniture look like new, how to rejuvenate shabby floors, how to refinish the woodwork in any shade to suit your individual taste. You can do it so easily that we want you to make the test at our expense to prove it. These Materials Are YOurs— FREE—for the Asking May we mail a package to you? No doubt you have some piece of furniture that you prize highly, yet you do not use on account of its worn condition, or because it does not harmonize with other furniture or decorations. —Use Johnson’s Electric Solvo to quickly remove the old finish. —Use Johnson’s Wood Dye to color the wood any one of 14 shades— choose from list below. —Use Johnson’s Prepared Wax to impart that beautiful “hand-rubbed” effect. The book will tell you how in every case, and will show you how to carry out other decorating ideas you may have in mind. From this test and this book, you will learn how many opportunities you have of beautifying the home by using— Johnson’s Wood Dye Made in 14 Standard Shades: No. 126 Light Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak a 1 1 No. 123 Bark Oak No. ey Brown Weathered Oa The pawpaw of our river bottoms in Ohio 0. 125 Mission Oak 0. 132 Green Weathere ak i i N No. 140 Manilla Oak No. 121 Moss Green and Indiana (and I have found them also as %\ No. 110 Bog Oak No. 122 Forest Green Southern Michigan) should be propagated %, No, 128 Light Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak : sr S 7 l h th The tree never hy, No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak along with the persimmon. ce % : wy : q grows more than about fifteen feet high and a ~~ Johnson’s Wood Dye is not a mere stain—not simply a surface inclines to a weeping form when fully grown. 5 0, & aac : : nae : BO ¢ | oe ereeceen : keh espa dye, sinking deep in the wou The fruit is the size of a very small banana. . 6 On Sy A : ; : BG “4, G@ Johnson’s Prepared Wax adds a top dressing of subducd Like the persimmon, it is pretty full of seeds only the fruit is so delicious that we can tol- erate the presence of a half dozen lima beans. What 1 write these notes for is to suggest a | general effort to improve these two fruits | and get rid of a large part of the seeds. This ee, ©, luster. It does not catch or hold dust. It does not show p %, scratches or heel marks. @ «, The trial packages will demonstrate these facts TAO. Ro to you. 2) vig Use the coupon. Cut it out now, while “9% & you think of tt, and mail at once. —J << a 1 easy tobuy. Sent “ ro days free tal Cut shows = 9, $8.80. It has many improvements. 11 other sizes from $6.75 to $195. Write for catalogue. STANDARD BONE CUTTER OO. Milford, Mass. Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO % HA1S00 ENC A PREVENTS DRAFTS, DUST AND WINDOW RATTLING. IVES’ PATENT Window Stop Adjuster. EAVY BED PATENTED. The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free.) Too Nice to be Without “FURNITURE” The only magazine of its kind in the world. Tells how to gusting aish ad of character from the common and unworthy kind, illustrates the best modern interpretations of the old masters. ‘NFURNITURE” is not a technical magazine. It is written for the users of good furnishings, pro- fusely illustrated with the latest designs, contains valuable and inter- esting information on a subject each lover of the correct and beautiful in the home will revelin. Published quarterly at $1.00 the year Send 35c. for sample copy which will be credited om yearly sub- scriptions if you wish. 60 pages9in x13in GRAND RAPIDS FURNITURE RECORD CO. Publishers, Dept. D, Grand Rapids, Mich. EUGENE PITOU, Jr. CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY NEW YORK Telephone. 6084 Barclay “‘BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” tells the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect. Shows how to improve YOUR property FREE. Write to-day: OVETT, Landscape Service, Box 128, Little Silver, N. J. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE : ests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Ss Be practical instructions are given for building the vari- ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York BURLINGTON "ize" BLINDS SCREEN DOORS @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont you will find the Drama, the Stage, Players and all subjects pertaining to the Theatre of intense interest and daily discussion. The Theatre Magazine is the only publication devoted to the playgoers’ interests in America. It is the most beautiful magazine published, and its elaborate photographic illustrations of Players, Scenes, etc., make it worth preserving in the library of every woman of culture and lover of the beautiful. Each month’s issue contains articles of current and advance interest about Stage Favorites, New Plays, Music and the Opera here and in Europe. Every article is illustrated from exclusive photo- graphs, and written by the authoritative writers, critics, playwrights, managers and players them- Fashions as seen on the Stage and designed by leading actresses for their own roles; showing how the Stage is the modern creator of Smart Dress. Gossip of intimate Stage Life and anecdotes.” ot famous players. Interviews with Stage ..” Celebrities. é Music and the Opera. selves. [he romance of ‘Behind the Scenes’’ is Photographic reviews of Stars and oe brought to your library table in all its fascinating scenes from their plays. Interesting Homeyaae dress. Descriptive articles on the new plays, ad- descriptions of Stage Novelties as Nor., 09 vance information on the appearance of old-time originating in London, Paris THEATRE MAGAZINE favorites in new roles. and Vienna. Be New York Gentlemen: Enclosed find one dollar, for which please send your magazine for three months and photo- gravure photographs of Lillian Russell, Maude Adams, E. H. Sothern, Kyrle Bellew, Fritzi Scheff, Frances Starr. Photographs of Stage Favorites Free The Theatre Magazine has no rival, suffers no competition. Once you begin to read it you will become a regular subscriber every year. Knowing this we make a special offer to get the Theatre Magazine into your hands for the first time. Cut off this coupon, fill in and mail to us with one dollar. We will send you the Theatre Magazine for three months beginning with the August issue and your choice of two full-size __ photogravure photographs of your favorite actors or actresses from the listonthe coupon. .°—- Name....++++++++eseeeeeerreee Cut the coupon off now and mail today. | Address Circulation Manager The Theatre Magazine, 28 W. 33d Street, New York City Sohne err eer Sondonsgo09 Sie UNGGhneemanonn so Soon CD aysteterete November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi Awe The First Prize in the Garden Competition The garden adjudged the first prize in the recent gar- den competition conducted by this magazine forms the subject of the opening article in the December number. This is the garden of Charles J. Pilling, at Lansdowne, Pa., a charming and delightful place abounding in pic- turesque developments very ably utilized and beautifully developed. The text consists of the brief description prepared by Mr. Pilling himself to accompany his photo- graphs, together with an itemized list of his plantings. The illustrations, which include several full-page plates, are very numerous and of the deepest interest. The presentation of this subject is bound to attract wide atten- tion, as it affords the magazine some of the most beau- tiful illustrations it has ever published. A New Artists’ Home The beautiful, yet modest, home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert V. V. Sewell at Oyster Bay constitutes a notable contribu- tion to Barr Ferree’s series of papers on the homes of American artists. While modest in size, and without the grandiose character that is sometimes attributed to nota- ble homes, this house easily stands among the most notable private dwellings in America. Mr. Sewell, a painter of national renown, has lavished of his genius and his work in a remarkable enrichment of hand wood- carving, all executed by himself, which gives an intensely personal character to the house and is its distinguishing characteristic. “his house has not been published here- tofore, and AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is fortu- nate in being able to present it to the interested public. Hammering and Piercing Metal Mrs. Mabel T. Priestman contributes a valuable and practical paper on the craft of hammering and piercing metal. ‘his is an interesting and fascinating form of craftwork that any one, with Mrs. Priestman as a guide, can readily follow. ‘The illustrations show exactly how this work is done, and offers some interesting practical designs. American Homes and Gardens Bungalow Furnishings Kate Greenleaf Locke, whose article on four California bungalows is a distinguishing feature of the present num- ber, opens up a new theme in bungalow literature with an eminently readable and suggestive paper on interior bungalow details and furnishings. Miss locke offers a number of helpful and valuable suggestions on the treat- ment and equipment of bungalow interiors, and illustrates her paper with numerous and beautiful photographs taken expressly for this article. A Concrete Fence Ralph C. Davison’s series of papers on concrete garden ornaments and how to make them is brought to a close in an interesting paper on the methods of building a concrete fence. he text is very precise and definite, and is especially intended to enable any one to build his own fence from the directions given. The illustrations are especially numerous, and include both diagrams and half- tones. It is a fine article of great practical value. Some New Western Homes Francis Durando Nichols, who has been gathering mate- rial for the magazine in the West, offers the first fruit of his work in a valuable paper on some new Western homes. The illustrations are chiefly of Chicago houses and open up an entire new school of architecture to our readers. Mr. Nichols will have more to say on this subject in future numbers, but the first article should not be missed. Other Contents The lesser papers and special departments of the maga- zine will contain much material of value and of special interest. New departments are being arranged each month, and each number, in the interest and variety of its contents, yields many times its value to the subscriber. The December number closes the fifth volume. The sixth will begin with the number for January, 1910. x1 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach ot all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled witha view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexp~nsive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600.to $1,500; together with the details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accom- panied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from$1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descrip- tions and, in many instances, fullspecifications and detailed estimates of poste Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and etails. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A seiection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000; em- bracing HOCE plans) elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID (Sold Separately) MUNN & COM Sctentiric “AMERICAN Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York oe BN oS THE WEALTH OF NATIONS PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- vention for a term of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. | Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. cCMUNN © COMPANY Solicitors of Patents n Main Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Branch Office: 625 F Street Washington, D. C. November, 1909 BOUND VOLUMES OF American Homes and Gardens 1,100 ] 908 494 PAGES ILLUSTRATIONS PRICE, $5.00 American NDomes and Gardens covers a wide scope; it deals with house building from the design and construction of modest cottages on tiny lots to the building of mansions on large estates. All degrees of gardening, from laying out a landscape to the planting of a window-box, are dealt with. Practical questions of water supply, of sanitation, or of the arrangement of the kitchen receive equal treatment with draping of windows or the arrangement of old china. American Domes and Gardens is beautifully printed. The year's volume contains more than a thou- sand engravings, as full of detail and finish as actual photographs. They depict some of the old and historic mansions of America, and the most beautiful of gardens or of natural scenery. The following list of a few of the principal practical articles which appa in American Homes and Gardens during 1908, will show the wide choice of subject: Notable American Homes (12 descriptive articles) The Rose as a Summer Bedder —Private Automobile Garages—Leaded Glass Windows—Etching on Copper and Brass—Problems in House Furn- ishing (12 papers)—Garden Work About the Home(12 papers)—Indoor Bulb Cul- ture—Farming Experiment ofa Woman —Rugs from the Scrap Bag—Water Parks—Old-Time Lights—Latches and Knockers—The Sun Room—Japanece Gardens in America— Sun-Dials — Heating and Lighting with Alcohol— Spring Houses Old and New—Plan- ning a Country Home—The House Roof and Its Garden—The Plant and the Season— Garden Streams and Bridges—Stencil Work in Home Dec- oration—Bungalows (12 articles)—Scien- tific Poultry Breeding. q A limited number of volumes for 1907 ere available. 480 pages. 1,050 illus- trations. Price, $5.00. Volume for 1906, $5.00. Volume for 1905, $3.50. MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York Inexpensive Country~ Homes cA Practical Book for «Architects, Builders, and Those Intending to Build A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- plete. The designs have been carefully selected, as embodying the best efforts of various architects throughout the country. Every one of the houses has already been built, and all of the illustrations are half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs of the completed structures, taken specially by the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two perspective views of the same house are shown. Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also included among the designs. q The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ names and addresses are given, together with a description of the dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner. ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE INTENDING TO BUILD will find many new and valuable suggestions among the up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. PRICE $2.00 POSTPAID MUNN & CO., Inc.. 36! Broadway, New York per euers 129 Phan, TAK er see2 . AMERICAN A ais \\ Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year “VILLA AL MARE”: the Picturesque Grouping of the House Terrace MONTHLY CoMMENT—The Garden Competition and Its Prizes NOTABLE AMERICAN HomMes—“Villa al Mare,” the Country Home of George Lee, Esq., at Beverly Farms, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree THE GARDEN AT HAMILTON HOUSE By Louise Shelton CONCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How to MAKE THEM. III.—A Concrete Pedestal By Ralph C. Davison Tue Howse or J. H. Hammonp, Esa., ar WYNNEWoop, PENNSYLVANIA. By Marshall §. Wheeler A Group oF MopERN Houses at Nutley, New JERSEY, COSTING FROM $1,000 TO $5,000. By Francis Durando Nichols BEDROOM WINDOW-CURTAINING By Mabel Tuke Priestman Tue BEAuTy AND Economy oF STUCCO By John A. Gade PME ARIVIENG Se MPERINVIEN TL BY OMPN no) fg eh ee eh pe By §. Leonard Bastin FouR CALIFORNIA BUNGALOWS ee By Kate Greenleaf Locke THE AMERICAN SHETLAND PONY By Fritz Morris “PINE HAVEN,” THE SUMMER HoME oF THOMAS B. VAN BuREN, Esa., AT KENNEBUNK- PORT, MAINE By Robert Thompson CORRESPONDENCE: By Alice M. Kellogg By Charles Downing Lay Houses That Do Not Shake Down. Our Native Persimmons. The Alteration of the Colors of Flowers by Cultivation. Garden Notes. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President e = co c FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. ing of the house terrace icturesque group the p “Villa al Mare” AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR “Villa al Mare” : the garden pool below the house 416 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Monthly | November, 1909 Comment The Garden Competition and Its Prizes §O MORE agreeable task has fallen to the lot of the editor of AMERICAN HoMEs GARDENS than to announce the results in the Garden Competition, generously insti- tuted by the publishers of this magazine some months ago. Pleasant as this duty is, it is not more so than was the pleasure of examining the multitude of photographs once the Com- mittee of Judges had finished their task and announced their award. For weeks the office mail has been weighted down with packages and bundles of all sorts of shapes, sizes and weights, addressed, as directed, to the Garden Competition Editor. You may be sure that, if it were a task to care for this valuable mail, it was even more onerous for the judges to examine it, weigh the respective merits and reach a decision—a decision that was fair to the conditions of the competition, fair to the competitors and fair to the gardens entered in this novel contest. 2 a ass ; LN f, DANCES AND now, that the work has been finished, the competition closed, the photographs, plans and papers submitted, ex- amined, and the judgment rendered, the editor may be per- mitted a personal word of satisfaction in the success that has attended the competition from the beginning, in the wide attention it has attracted, in the beautiful results it has disclosed, and in the care and discretion with which the judges have performed their work. Thanks, many, many thanks, to all concerned in this competition; thanks for the interest shown by entry in it, and thanks especially for the delightful privilege it has afforded of an opportunity of studying many gardens that might otherwise have remained unknown, or at least unvisited. Ir may be well, at this time, to recall the terms of the competition and what it was about. The circular and the advertiseements that have appeared from month to month in our pages of late were quite precise and definite. ‘The competition was founded by the publishers for the express purpose of enabling the magazine to help its army of readers by teaching them, through actual examples, how to beautify their surroundings. Every one who establishes himself in the country in his own home desires a garden of his own. This is really one of the reasons, although, perhaps, not always the principal one, that has induced and occasioned the remarkable movement countryward that has become so marked a feature of rural life. But the desire to own and de- velop a garden is often baffled, and sometimes stifled, by a lack of knowledge as to how to proceed and what to do. There is no other stimulus, in such a contingency, than know- ing what other people have done, if not under identical condi- tions, perhaps under similar ones; if not just your individual problem, then a problem that approximates yours, and which may, it is to be hoped, include some of the vexations that have vexed you and yet which have emerged triumphant and successful. Tuis is what the competition was about and this is what it was for. The editor believes this wads a useful thing to do and a wise one. There are precisely two things that lead to good results in gardening, namely, example and practise. A successful garden is a work of art, but one must know just what one is going to do and what results will be obtained before starting out to win the success that it is hoped to obtain from the beginning. This knowledge can only be acquired by the study of good gardens already existing. Thus it happens that the intelligent observer may gain from a garden that in no way resembles his, ideas, suggestions, inspirations and arrangements that will stimulate and help him in his own work, and which, some- times in an unconscious way, may help on his own success. ONE can, therefore, never view too many gardens, nor study them too attentively if one is a true garden-lover. Nature there speaks aloud in her most beautiful forms. Not naturally, perhaps, for somehow all gardens are more or less artificial, since the most delightful of flowers and plants do not always grow in regular order or even in “natural” groups. The first step is to know what has been done; and then, after due study and preparation, to proceed to do it oneself. Not, if you please to note, to reproduce another’s gar- den as your own, but to use such ideas as seem best suited to your own needs. At the most, you can only do the best you can, but the bravest of efforts should be made to end this. I HAVE delayed, perhaps, more than need be, in present- ing the Roll of Honor in the Garden Competition, and will delay this pleasure no longer. Here is the list: ROLL OF HONOR First Prize, $100 CHARLES J. “PELLING? sh tide cane cee eee ae eee LanspowngE, Pa. Second Prize, $50 CHARLES Di DAVIES!. 0 eseee. canes hearer eee ENGLEwoop, N. J. Third Prize, $25 ANTHONY. PocPINDER \c.crcc+s00n essence eae een eee eens Troy, N. Y Fourth Prize, $15 Mins: “ANNA CONDICTY sescenn ocenecatenct oe tee Essex Feris, N. J. Fifth Prize, $10 EDWARD S:,: PAYSON(.c.6ss2.cGccctamsect eet enas Lexincron, Mass Honorable Mention Mrs. “JAMES “Rs MELONws. scence see sec oreeceeee New Fr orencr, Pa. I congratulate these ladies and gentlemen most heartily on the success that has attended their devotion to garden- craft. [hat they will be gratified at the prizes awarded them by a disinterested committee of judges may also be expected; but over and above the money prizes awarded them, is the real value of their individual contributions to gardening and gardening art. Now, that this competition has come to a successful close, it may be of interest to state that a second garden competition, on somewhat similar lines, is being planned by AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS for 1910. (The date looks a bit far off, but actually it is no more distant than next year.) It is too early to tell of this in any detail at this writing, or even to announce it formally; but mention of the plan seems suitable here, and it is made in the hope that it may lead to greater stimulus in obtaining results than in the notable competition whose conclusion is now made public. To THE garden, then, one and all! It is now too late to get out the spade and the rake and start the garden for next year, but it is not too late to begin on the planning and study that must precede successful garden work next spring. The garden must be put in proper order for the winter, and in the ordinary routine of work the garden-lover will find much to occupy him, even in the closing months of the year. But now is the season of preparation, and when the glad spring- time comes along next year, as it is bound to do in any event, let our friends who are interested in the practical side of gardencraft be ready for a new activity and a new interest. Depend upon it, AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS will have something of interest to say in that season THE EDITOR. November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Villa al Mare,” the Country Home of George Lee, Esq., at Beverly Farms, Massachusetts S94 NLIKE many homes on the “North Shore,” =a Mr. Lee’s house is not directly upon the water. It is, however, not far distant from it, and occupying, as it does, a picturesque site on a hillside that rises sharply above the road, it has the advantage of a fine situation, the more remarkable because the garden and most of the grounds are not visible from with- out, and the great beauty and skill with which these have been laid out offer many surprises to the visitor. “Che house itself is in full view of all beholders, its main front rising high above the roadway, banked, on the inner side, by the giant rocks and forest trees against which it is built. “These natural features entirely surround the house, as seen from without, and give it an unusual setting. As a matter of fact, the property lies at a junction of two roads, which cross at a rather acute angle. In a somewhat rough sense, the house is built across the farther side of a triangle. It is entirely surrounded with a wall of faced stone, surmounted with a latticed crown. ‘The entrance is a simple little gate cut in the wall. A graveled path rises steeply within and conducts the visitor to the entrance- porch. This is built against one end of the house, the longest side overlooks the garden. The house is faced with cream-white plaster, with white window-frames and green shutters; all the roofs are of red tile. The entrance-porch is a simple and charming ‘“‘lean-to” built before the door. At each end is a wall, in which is an opening with a seg- mental arch; they are se- verely cut through the wall without moldings or orna- ments of any sort. On the side of the path the raf- ters are upheld by two white columns. The door is square-topped, with a frame of narrow moldings painted white, and the door is solidly paneled in small square panels with rounded studs; it is painted green. The ironwork is limited to a knocker, the bell-handle and a lantern on each side. There is a small square window in the upper part of the wall on one side, and bay trees and evergreens in terra- cotta pots and tubs form the essential parts of a very delicately handled color-scheme. The ornamental front of the house is that overlooking the garden. It consists of three parts; a slightly recessed center, and two slightly projecting ends. Its basic idea is, therefore, quite rigid symmetry, but the architect, Mr. W. G. Rantoul, of Boston, has allowed himself a very con- siderable latitude in the developments of the parts. The three great arches in the center of the lower story are sup- ported on columns contained within the surface of the wall, but are without outer moldings. The string course above them is carried only from the farther wing around to the great chimney on the entrance front. That there is a series of rectangular windows in the second story, and a small central gable in the roof seems sufficient for the symmetrical e The approach to the entrance porch November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 418 The terrace above the garden The entrance porch PEE] - a The living-room is finished with oak and has a Caen stone mantel November, 1909 treatment; for each of the two ends are treated differently. That towards the entrance front has a balcony in the sec- ond floor, entered by three round arches; while the other has a roofed veranda on the ground floor, con- tinued around on the inner side. Above it are two rectangular windows which, with a dormer in the roof above each end, complete the chief features of this care- fully studied front. It is quite easy to see wherein the charm of this house lies. It is of mod- erate size, and hence makes no appeal by reason of its dimen- sions. But it is a house very carefully studied in every part. It is designed with as little use of ornamental detail as possible, yet the ornament that is used is well chosen, well designed and thoroughly well adopted to relieve the plain solidity of the walls. singularly well adapted to its site in a very beautiful manner. An irregular piece of ground that is chiefly sloping offers y AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS "i QAVgeawe ens RELENTLESS ENS LA ER eee The reception-room is designed in the Pompeian style The house, moreover, is hasty glance, seemed possible. The garden is a beautiful grassed space enclosed by vine-covered rocks and walls tends to the outer or boundary wall. charming spot, much more ample in area than, at a first In the center is a circular 419 little inducement for architectural embel- lishment. Mr. Ran- toul has been for- tunate enough to produce a highly in- dividual house, per- fectly adapted to a very difficult site, so perfectly indeed, that the house seems as well suited to its situation as its situ- ation seems destined for it. The achievement in gardening is no lessextraordinary. A terrace, supported by a stone wall, im- mediately adjoins the outer side of the house. One end— the farthest — is roofed and fur- nished as an out- door living-room. At the near end are steps to a lower ter- race, where the base of the first wall is densely planted with shrubbery. Here is a path, and then a lower wall, over- grown with vines, which rises from the garden that is spread below its base and which ex- It is a thoroughly 420 fountain with a jet of water; then spacious lawns, on which are planted a few evergreens and clumps of grasses; the outer borders are everywhere thickly shrubbed. In the retaining wall below the house is a shallow recess with a marble seat, and on the inner side is a vast hillside, partly native rock, but now completely overgrown with vines and plants: honeysuckle, hardy phlox, asters, zinnias, golden glow—exactly the right sort of flowers to grow here in the semi-wild profusion. The stable, hidden by the trees and shrubs, is at the farthest inside corner and is almost com- pletely hidden by the thick foliage in which it is concealed. The entrance to the house is a small vaulted hall, with AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 as well as from the hall. It has a high wainscot of oak in simple oblong panels, the walls above being treated with rough plaster painted sage-green. The upper borders around the door and window adjoining the fireplace are blue. ‘The ceiling has beams of oak with blue panels. The fireplace is of Caen stone and the floor is hardwood with Oriental rugs. The room is lighted by three great windows with arched tops, which give upon the terrace. It contains some fine old carved cabinets. Beyond it, and entered from the farthest corner, is the den. This is a small square room, covered with a groined vault, painted blue, with gold stars. It has a paneled oak The dining-room contains a remarkable collection of old pewter the stairs to the right under the arcade on which the vault is carried. ‘There is a mosaic floor, and a high oak panel- ing, above which are Venetian-red tympanums under the arches. he reception-room is immediately to the left. It is designed in the Pompeiian style, developed in light colors. The ceiling is curved, with painted panels and a border in gay colors carried all around the edges. The mantel is decorated with reliefs, and has facings of blue-glazed tiles; above it is a built-in mirror. The walls are pale-blue and are paneled with moldings of white and yellow. The hard- wood floor has a central rug, and there is a set of Adam’s furniture. ‘The windows have white lace curtains. On one panel hangs an old blue-and-gold mirror. The living-room may be entered from the reception-room wainscot five feet in height which supports a shelf; the upper walls are rough plaster, left white. There is a built-in seat at the base of the wainscot with brown velvet cushions, and the leather-covered chairs are of the same hue. ‘The fireplace has facings of red brick. A lamp-like chandelier depends from the center of the vault. The walls and shelves are thronged with bric-a-brac. The dining-room is on the inner side of the house and is two steps above the living-room. It has an oak wainscot five feet in height, with upper walls of French gray and a small classic border at the summit. The ceiling is beamed in oak, with panels of French gray. On three sides of room are large recesses, or open cabinets, built within the walls, paneled throughout and shelved. Here is displayed November, 1909 a truly wonderful collection of old pewter, objects of every sort and use being represented here in many different varieties. The central chandelier is pew- ter, as well as the two great church candlesticks on each side of one of the cabinets. It is a gathering of astonish- ing extent, and one of the greatest possible interest. The windows have broad sills and are filled with leaded glass with circular patterns; they are provided with green sash-curtains. The oak furniture is cov- ered with dark-brown leather studded with brass nails. The oak floor has no rugs. The fireplace is of Caen stone with bands of red brick and _brick- lining. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 421 Part of the garden wall and enclosure The interior thus reflects and illustrates the fine taste that There is variety and interest within the rooms exactly as has made so much of the garden and adjacent grounds. there is without in the design of the house. Al Ee tee a The den has a vaulted ceiling painted blue with gold stars w 422 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 The Garden at Hamilton House By Louise Shelton (PRG) )) HE garden at Hamilton House is one of and grounds were passing into a state of decline, but in a e the most beautiful gardens in America,” short time the rich, though simple beauty, of the time-worn Thomas Nelson Page is quoted as having mansion was restored; some additions were necessary, and said; and Henry James remarked that while retaining all the old lines of its original style, the there is nothing like it in this country. house took a new lease of life. The dignified beauty of Once to have seen it, is to wish to be Colonial days adorns the interior, also even to the ancient again in that court of flowers. There are wall-paper in the main hall reproduced by an English firm. larger gardens, and gar- dens of more elaborate de- sign, but Hamilton House garden is the dream fulfilled of a nature-lover and artist, who, while living in the at- mosphere of an old mansion under the shade of ancient elms by the river, wove into the scheme a garden fash- ioned after the spirit of the place. In the year 1770, Colonel Hamilton, a prosperous West-Indian merchant, built his home here, _ possibly from the memory of some Colonial homestead in old Virginia, and Hamilton House on the Piscataqua River, nearly two miles from the nearest railroad station at South Berwick, Maine, still enjoys its happy seclusion. There is no habitation in sight other than the old house itself mirrored in the waters at the foot of the sloping lawn. The place suggests romance, and Miss Sarah Orne Jewett has depicted it in her ‘“Tory Lover.” Mr. Page wrote about it in “Miss Goodwin’s Inheri- tance.” Ten years ago its present owner bought the estate covering two hundred and fifty acres of meadow and woodland through which . winds the river. House Hamilton House November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 423 Outside, too, age is visible in the broad is the vine-covered pergola or arbor en- stepping-stones which take the place closing the garden on three sides: a of paths and in the luxuriant cool retreat with a river view growth of shrubs and trees. through its leafy openings. The only new creation Here, in crevices between about the place is the the st e p pin g-stones, garden, although to mosses, grass and little all appearances it is carpet vines have also a part of the taken root; occa- past. Within this sional ferns clus- beautiful enclo- ter together in sure the fancy shadowed finds wings, places, and so perfect is here, too, I A look into the June garden A spot of quiet peace the harmony of its color- schem e—so perfect the quiet and the air of time pervading it. Grass paths divide the various flower- beds and connect the four sides. The artist- owner is also chief gar- dener, and flowers and vines have responded vigorously to her daily toil among them. Probably her masterpiece in garden architecture saw some escaped pop- py _ seedlings that have found a sun-warmed niche. In the cool recesses of the vines garden-seats are pilkaicerdi bic tome sa vista of flowers, or by the lattice overlooking the water, and at one end of the arbor is the garden tea-room, a cheerful refuge on a rainy day. A high pivet-hedge borders the garden on Sacer a ' 4 eI 4 ~ pee! Bes The original wall-paper is reproduced A simple old fireplace 424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 the fourth side, forming a strong background for such plants amazingly fascinating. I have called it old, and it is old, as hollyhocks, delphiniums, etc., and screening the upper truly; yet it is modern, as well, in being maintained in a garden—the picking garden—on the farther side. living way. That is to say, it is a house that is lived Beginning with June, the favorit old- in, loved for itself, too, put into perfect or- fashioned summer flowers appear in der, with new garden beauty, each year. this garden by the river. Roses, of I sometimes think it a strange thing course, and hardy larkspur, fox- that a garden must be cared for glove, poppies, sweet William, and tended so that we who love campanula, hollyhocks, lava- ae it may enjoy it the most and tera, bee balm, peonies and get the best of our enjoy- phloxes predominating. % ment. a high paneled wainscot- | ing and plate-rack. The | ceiling has a wooden cor- Vai: nice and beams. The fire- place is built of red presed brick with the facings and a hearth of the same. The mantel-shelf is supported on corbels, and the over- The charm of this house is its simplicity and its unpretentiousness. In no sense of the word is it a ‘‘show”’ place, nor can it, on the other hand, be offered as an example of economy in building it. It is, in short, a good, comfortable summer home, a dwelling of ample size, admirably suited to the demands made upon it by the owner and _ his family, skilfully designed, and exceedingly attractive mantel is formed in the Second floor plan in many ways. A house, paneled wainscoting. To be its cost of the utmost, the rear end of the dining-room there is an enclosed porch. could hardly do more than this, could scarce be more service- The butler’s pantry is fitted with drawers, dressers and able nor more useful. sink, and the kitchen is provided with all the best modern The plan offers some unusual features which are of pecul- conveniences, including a large store-pantry and a laundry. ar interest. The greater part of the building is a large The porte cochere and main front The rear stairs lead to the second-story and down to the rectangle. The main entrance is at one end, with a porte- cellar, which contains the heating apparatus and fuel room. cochére, as I have previously explained. A corridor runs The second story is treated with ivory-white paint, and through the center of the house, with the living-room and contains five bedrooms, two bathrooms, large linen-closet dining-room on one side, and occupies the deeper part of the and two servants’ rooms. Two of the bedrooms have open house. On the other side is the den, with a porch in the fireplaces with tiled hearths, facings and mantels; farther corner. The kitchen and its dependencies one room has an attractive alcove with seat and ,>— occupy a deflected wing farther on and is quite bookcases built in, and each = removed from immediate contact with the main have large, well-fitted closets. ‘Eg Za (PA) SRS) CE rooms, although directly articulated with the din- The bathrooms are furnished =] 2, S| ter ing-room. ‘This is a very able plan, since it places the ornamental rooms on one side of the house; separates the den, an intimate personal apartment, complete- with porcelain fixtures and ex- rn Aas, Wore: Cocysae posed nickelplated plumbing. | There are ample guest-rooms and trunk-rooms on the third asa dl ly from them, and isolates the floor. : Re ela | es a kitchen utterly. This last Messrs. Clark and Russell, Pisa feature is well expressed in the of Boston, Mass., were the | “enone < ff exterior by the deflection of architects of this interesting cs mae / the kitchen wing, that gives a summer home. First floor plan marked nobility to the exterior. aa November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xiil mm CORRESPONDENCE The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. _ Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of ‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ” ACCESSORIES FOR OLD-FASHIONED FURNITURE NEW JERSEY subscriber, D. F. G., has lately awakened to the fact that she possesses some really interesting, valu- able old furniture. Her letter tells the story: “IT have inherited from time to time certain pieces of mahogany furniture that I have kept in use In my own bedroom, without thinking very much about them. I have been reading so much in the magazines, and have also been studying the illustrations, until I am con- vinced that my furniture is worth owning and also worth showing to the best advantage. I hesitate, however, about making my sleep- ing-room a museum of antiques, as it would certainly become if I kept literally to the period in which my furniture belongs—the latter part of the eighteenth century. Now, would you advise my making a_ strictly Colonial chamber of my room? Or, can I still keep something of the old-time charm without destroying the individuality of my four-poster bed, high-boy, drop-leaf writing- desk, and Heppelwhite card table?” If a strict return were to be made to the furnishings of the period to which this furni- ture belongs, it would exclude many of our modern comforts. Historic correctness ap- plied to home furnishing is suggestive, as this correspondent says, of the museum. ‘The distinction which antique furniture of good design lends to a room need not be lost if the accessories are carefully and harmoniously assembled. In the matter of floor coverings, for ex- ample, the hand-woven cotton rug of Colonial times may be adopted, yet chosen from among the artistic dyes that are now in the market. For the bed-hangings one of the daintily colored Scotch cretonnes may contrast with a small-figured wall-paper. The woodwork would be painted white, in the egg-shell finish. The window-curtains may be of white grena- dine edged with lace. If the room is occupied in the winter months, some over-curtains to draw in the evening may be added. If there is an open fireplace, the andirons may be of Colonial pattern, with a low fender to outline the hearth. If the wall-paper is not too decorative for showing pictures, the colored engravings from old English paintings would be attractive. BEDSTEADS FOR SMALL ROOMS “T notice in the illustrations in the maga- zines that wooden beds are again being used. We are about to furnish a hall-room and would like to have it up-to-date, but a wooden bed will fill up the contracted space (or seem to do so), and we would like very much to know if there is anything besides the white iron or brass beds that we can adopt?’—R. D. E., of Vermont. The metal beds have certainly the ad- vantage of giving a feeling of space in a small room. ‘This is most apparent in the new de- signs in which there are very low, square posts at the head and foot, finished in old brass. In a good quality this bed costs $27.00 in the three-foot size. It is especially liked in boys’ rooms. HOLDERS FOR PLANTS “A Flower Lover” inquires about suitable holders for plants which she likes to distribute through the house. Some jardinieres in white porcelain with a little decoration in color that are made in Germany are attractive in bedrooms. A green jar, if not too vivid in tone, is gen- erally acceptable in any part of the home. Hammered brass or copper gives a touch of color that is not too obtrusive to be artistic. Some of the Japanese pots are now covered with brown wickerwork, and these may be had in pairs, on a pulley, like hanging baskets. WHITE ENAMEL FURNITURE The choice between maple and white enamel furniture has puzzled a reader in South Caro- lina, Mrs. T. R. W. ‘Two of my bedrooms are fitted up with mahogany and I do not wish another with this wood. Would you advise me to adopt white enamel or maple? They both seem very colorless, and I do not know what to combine with either to make an attractive chamber for my young daughter.” Of the two finishes, the white enamel will be more pleasing, if the furniture is of simple, straight lines, without the exaggerated curves that are introduced in the wood by so many manufacturers. If the occupant of the room is fond of blue, this color may be used in a soft antique shade, with other colors showing in rugs and furniture coverings to give the warmth that blue lacks. Or, if pink is the favorite color, this will help to make the white enamel furniture less severe looking. A charming room was lately contrived for a girl who was very fond of heliotrope as a color, but who was wise enough not to de- mand this for the wall-covering. A paper was chosen in which gray, green, yellow and heliotrope were combined, and each of the colors was repeated in the furnishings—the rug showing two shades of moss-green, a wicker settle being fitted with cushions covered with yellow and green cretonne, and the window curtains were made of heliotrope-colored linen trimmed with bands of the cretonne. ‘The furniture of white enamel was so relieved by this combination of color that it did not at all strike the attention for its colorlessness. WALL COVERING FOR A HALL “Ts there anything better than burlap for covering the walls of my hall? We have only one stairway and it receives all the pass- ing of the family and servants, besides the trunks and furniture that must be taken from one floor to another from time to time.’”—O. L., Albany, N. Y. Burlap has long been in favor, and its use- (Continued on page xv) Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. < Home Garden Work About the By Charles Downing Lay A SUBSTITUTE FOR BOX EDGING oe HAT can we use as a substitute for Vf box edging, which is not reliably hardy here?” asks E. F. This is a difficult question, because no other plant is so good as box where that is hardy. Any substitute is likely to be an un- satisfactory makeshift, unless it be an ever- green of good color, slow growing, and easy to keep within bounds when it is clipped. The dwarf syringa, Philadelphus nanus, is low and perfectly hardy, but its leaves are out of scale and the whole plant seems coarse in the flower-garden. Japanese barberry, Berberis Thunbergii, is often used, but it grows too rapidly when clipped, and the changes in color and appear- ance before and after clipping are too great. It cannot be kept much below fifteen to twenty inches in height and about a foot broad, which is too large for most gardens. The yews are probably the best substitute for box; they are evergreen, good in color and texture, and bear clipping better than any other plant. The American yew, Taxus Minor, is an excellent hardy shrub. It grows naturally in moist shady places, but does just as well in full sunlight in ordinary garden soil. It is easy to clip, and when grown as an edging makes a compact and uniform hedge. It grows more rapidly, perhaps, than box and seems never to be winter killed. Plants six to ten inches high can be planted four or five inches apart, and will soon touch. The Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata, and its variety brevifolia, are also good, though, perhaps, not so hardy as JT. canadensis. Their leaves are a trifle larger and seem stiffer than those of the American yew. They grow larger than the American yew and may become good-sized trees. The English yew, which is used so much in England for hedges and for topiary work, is less hardy than the box, and is quite unreliable north of New York. MORE ABOUT INEXPENSIVE PLANTING “Please tell me more about inexpensive planting. The answer to a similar question last year was a great help to me. I have col- lected many wild things from the woods, spice bush, shad bush, viburnums, barberry, cedar trees and junipers, among others, but I have had poor luck in transplanting oaks, hickories and the pepperidge. Can I grow such things from seed? ‘The oaks are full of acorns this year.” —H. B. C. There are many inexpensive ways to get a good stock of shrubs and trees if one is willing to grow them in nursery rows for two or three years. Seeds of all our native trees and shrubs can be bought, and one can often collect seeds in the woods. ‘They should be gathered as AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to represent- ing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given cever- ing nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details Aseries of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,300 to $7,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illus- trated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- tions and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. One Dollar Each, Postpaid (SOLD SEPARATELY) MUNN & CO. Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York and & - Sealed Boxes! Best SuGar For Tea AND COFFEE. oa : Mien, a ee Alchiteture BOS Ys 1S ss OuNrs OR, SDEPPING ShONE sO ARCHITECTURE By HO MAS Mal iC Hr ray SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of construction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav- ings, amongst which are illustrations of various historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID Muwn & Co., INnc., 361 Broadway, New York November, 1909 soon as ripe and planted at once or put in boxes with layers of moist sand until spring, when they are planted in the seed-bed. Large edible seeds are better treated in this way, because they can then be protected from squirrels and mice, which may find seeds planted in the ground. It would not be a bad idea to plant hick- ories and oaks in pots until they are big enough to set out in their permanent positions, because their long tap root makes them hard to transplant. Some seeds, those of the thorn, for example, should be freed of the pulp and washed, and even then they do not germinate until the second year after planting. Grapes are easily grown from cuttings, which should be made now and buried until spring, as described last month for scions, when they can be planted out in rows. Each cutting should have two buds or eyes, and should be of wood which ripened a year ago. Cuttings of privet, currant, buckthorn, wil- low, poplar, etc., can be made in the same way. Layering is the easiest way of all to propa- gate plants. A layer is a branch which has rested on the ground and has taken root at the point of contact. Honeysuckle will layer without being urged, Rosa Wichuraiana without difficulty, if the branch be covered with a little earth, but for most things it is better to make a small cut on the under side of the branch where it will touch the ground, and then peg it down and cover the cut place with three or four inches of earth. After six months or a year the branch should be well rooted and can be removed from the parent plant. Layering is easily done with roses, forsythias, vines, and, in fact, most shrubs. Some shrubs, like the cornel, increase by underground suckers or stolons; these can be dug up and will soon make good plants. Spireas, Indian currant, lilacs, sassafras, black alder, clethra, and many others can be in- creased rapidly in this way. All native plants can be bought of col- lectors, if one lacks opportunities to collect them for one’s self. A list of responsible col- - lectors will be sent to those who would like it. A small spade and a large basket or piece of burlap should be invariably carried on any drive in the woods. Then one is ready to dig up anything. THE CHINQUAPIN The chinquapin, or dwarf chestnut (Cas- tanea pumila), is, as R. P. says, a charming plant. It grows sometimes forty-five feet high, but bears delicious, small, sweet nuts when three or four years old. It is more like a shrub than a tree, and when planted thickly forms miniature shady groves. It should be grown for the sake of its nuts wherever there is too little room for the chestnut tree. PLANTING THE FLOWER GARDEN Arranging the plants in a flower-garden always takes much thought; more when the garden is small and there are a great many plants to grow. There is always a conflict between one’s desire to have it always full of flowers and one’s inability to give up such things as peonies and iris. It is, of course, impossible to have any garden a mass of flowers throughout the summer. ‘The peo- nies and iris last but a short time, and when they are past, that part of the garden is with- out flowers for the rest of the season. With annuals there is the same trouble. They do not bloom until late June or July, and how can the place where asters are grow- ing, for instance, be made to produce flowers before the asters? The only way out of the difficulty seems to be to have the annuals in separate small beds, November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV or for the lack of that convenient arrange- ment, to plant them in small patches in the | perennial border. In either case they may be preceded by tulips or hyacinths, or may be grown with English or Spanish iris. Thus, a bed of early tulips can be planted after the tulips have flowered, with marigolds; a bed of late tulips may be planted with asters, or the tulip-bed may be sown in the autumn with the seeds of annual poppies, which will bloom soon after the tulips. When the poppies are past, it will not be too late to transplant almost any of the annuals. Such small beds imply a formal arrange- ment, which is not always desirable or pos- sible. If the garden is all large beds, the difh- culty must be met in another way. ‘Thus, a half dozen peonies might form a crescent about a small patch of centaurea. “The lark- spur might partly surround a square yard or so of pot marigold, and with the larkspur you can plant the white madonna lilies. Baby’s breath, Gyfsophila, will be a good foil for the brilliant colors of verbena or zinnia, and planted back of the hollyhocks there might be rudbeckia or helianthus, just as marshmallow might be behind the peonies. Iris can be in large clumps, mixed with the perennials or with hemerocallis, or with some of the lower annuals. Chrysanthemums and Japanese anemone, which are very late, could share their bed with Oriental poppies. Lilies and other bulbous plants can be mixed through the perennials almost any- where, so long as they are planted with lower things. A garden arranged in this way should never be without flowers from earliest spring to late autumn, and it should always look reasonably full of flowers. It requires much more intelli- gence on the part of the gardener, however, because everything has got to be done at ex- actly the proper time and it will not do to forget where the bulbs are planted. Although the cultivation of a garden so crowded with plants, some of which are never seen above ground except when in flower, may seem more difficult, it should not be so, because there is actually little room for weeds to grow. I trust this will answer E. B.’s rather in- definite question. Any more detailed questions I should be glad to answer more in particu- lar. Problems in Home Furnishing (Continued from page xiit) fulness will probably never be discontinued. It comes in a variety of shades and in several grades and prices. Another wall fabric that is adapted for this correspondent’s need, but of which she may not have heard, is called crash, or buckram. In fact, there are two materials almost exactly alike. These are considered unfadeable in the sun, and they have a texture effect, while they are smooth enough not to attract particles of dust. The warm, light-brown tones are excellent for a hall, either with natural or weathered oak woodwork. PILLOWS FOR A DIVAN The number, size and material and colors of sofa-pillows have been asked for by a reader in Western New York. As the “cozy corner” idea has lost favor, there has been a more restrained use of pillows for a lounge or divan. In an ordinary living- room the usual allowance now is three, while in a parlor or reception-room none are used. Again, in a den or boudoir, one may enjoy a heap of down-filled pillows. The location must decide the correct number of pillows. As to the colors, it is always in good taste to have two pillows match the covering of the BUILDING Construction AND Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, C.E., Ph.D. Author of “The Architects’ Builders’ Pocketbook” Revised and Enlarged by THOMAS NOLAN, M.S., A.M. In Three Volumes, 7% x 9% inches. Part I. Masons’ Work Ninth Edition, Revised. 965 Pages, 628 Illustrations. Price, $6.00, Post- paid. Part II. Carpenters’ Work Seventh Edition. 544 Pages, 525 Illustrations. Price, $4.00, Postpaid. Part III., Section I. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses Second Edition. 299 Pages, 307 Illustrations. Price, $3.00, Postpaid. Sold Separately MUNN ¢& COMPANY, Inc. 351 BROADWAY NEW YORK ¥FUST PUBLISHED AMERICAN RENAISSANCE TA Vieview of Domestic Architecture By Soy Wheeler Dow, Architect P ILLUSTRATED by NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT From *‘American Renaissance’? This book is a carefully prepared history of American Domestic Architecture from Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- orate manner and worthy a place in every architectural library, and should be read by every one who desires to familiarize him- self with Colonial architecture and its effect on the architecture of to-day. CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; II., Art and Commercialism; III., The Ancient Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble Beginnings of a National School; V., The Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- tury Work; VII., The Transitional Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning Style; XII., Conclusion. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP Price, $4.00 net ' MUNN & CO., INC., NEW YORK divan, with a third showing a contrast in color and design. A pillow twenty-two inches square is a comfortable size, but with a wide divan twenty-four or twenty-six may be adopted. Cords and tassels, or any decorative finish to the seams is not in vogue now, but the seam is turned a quarter of an inch and stitched on the outside. Garden Notes PLANTS IN THE HOUSE HERE is nothing hardier indoors than the rubber plant! It will endure dark- ness, gas-tainted air, an atmosphere so dry that the furniture cracks, and dust, and still put forth leaves that might as well be cast- iron, they are so stiff and unlovely. But where the conditions can be made a little better than the requirements for a _ rubber plant, there are other things which will give more pleasure, though they may need a little more care. A dry atmosphere is the hardest thing for plants to stand, and in a steam-heated house little can be done to ameliorate that. A fur- nace is better, though still difficult. Heavy window-curtains, shutting out the light from rooms, is another thing against the successful growth of plants in the house. The following plants, which we may call house-plants, to distinguish them from win- dow-plants which must have direct sunlight, will exist, and perhaps do a little more, away from a window. They are not flowering | plants, but are valued only because of their foliage. Aucuba Japonica is a shrub resembling the rhododendron, but with lighter green shining leaves thickly spotted with yellow. It is often seen three to four feet high, and is the best broad-leaved evergreen for indoor use. Cycas revoluta, sago palm, is well-known and useful in the house, but needs a greenhouse to keep it always in good condition. The Norfolk Island pine (draucaria ex- celsa) looks somewhat like a spruce tree, but is even stiffer and more regular in its branch- ing. Growing it in the house presents no special difficulties. Asparagus plumosus nanus is the best plant for the dining-table jardiniere. The umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) is easy to grow and very effective. It needs a little more light than some things. Aspidistra is one of the easiest decorative plants to grow and, in many respects, the most attractive. “Chere are two varieties, one, with green leaves and the other, with variegated leaves. Dracenas are usually stove plants, but D. fragrans and D. indivisa do well in the house. The former has broad leathery leaves, the latter, thin grass-like leaves. Ferns in considerable variety may be used. Take off yourHat ‘¢-3a& = mS) A Reet tonei culate F. E. EjorsaoreX ERS Ashland, Ohio AY "nee TOOLS "33:5 IZa WS TBRANDO. Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, See fruits wace house plants. $4. 00 ir Saree] te your it Mi hes Apply now, Tho Pulverized Manure Co.,21Union Stock Yards, Chicago, xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 The Comfort of the The Bell System has become the nerv- ous system of the business and social world. The comfort it affords the women in the homes of America cannot be measured. Do you measure it in considering the value of your Bell telephone ? The mother of children can find out where they are at any particular hour of the day—and how they are—even though their visits carry them to the country village or the city hundreds of miles away. The husband on a trip talks from his hotel room to his wife at home. There is a world of comfort in the knowledge that you can talk together at a moment’s notice, wherever you may be. Telephone The Bell telephone has a special value because it is everywhere—because at sight you feel a familiar acquaintance with a Bell instrument or a Bell sign. There are over 4,000,000 Bell stations. You cannot use them all, but from time to time you have areal vital need for one. Which one you cannot foretell. There are six billion calls over the tele- phones of the Bell System every year. Many of these are comforting calls from afar, calls whose actual money value can no more be reckoned than the value of the happiness which one man has and another man cannot buy. The very existence of the Bell telephone service has its value to you, even at mo- ments when you are not using it. The Bell Long Distance service offers, ready recruited for your call, the largest body of active business men inthe world. If youhave atelephone, avail yourself of its long distance possibilities. The highest type of public service can be achieved only by one policy, one system, universal service. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company And Associated Companies Every Bell Telephone Is the Center of the System XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. MUNN & COMPANY, INC. cru Practical Steam and == Hot Water Heating and Ventilation By ALFRED G. KING 402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. Price $3.00 | ang standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, RS 8 journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. i This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in > text, diagrams and illustrations. NT. RS ON I. Introduction. CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. II. Heat. l1I. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Het-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY It is possible to collect some of them in the woods and have them do well in the house. Adiantum croweanum is the best maiden- hair fern. ‘The others can not stand the dry atmosphere. The Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata Bos- tonensis) is the most reliable fern in the house. Its varieties, N. Scotti, dwarf, N. Sholz; and N. Whitmani, plumed, are possibly improve- ments on the type. Pteris Wilsoni, crested fern, P. Victoriae, silver variegated and Crytomium Falcatum, holly fern, are excellent varieties. Pandanus JV eitchi, the screw pine, is a plant with green-and-yellow-striped leaves. Almost any palm can be grown in the house with little trouble, and they are the most beautiful of all so-called decorative plants. Some are too large for the ordinary house, but the following are reasonable in size and satisfactory. Cocos Weddeliana is a small delicate affair of slow growth and, therefore, often used in fern-dishes. Kentia Belmoreana is dwarf, spreading in habit, and quite hardy in the house. Phoenix Roebelenii, said to be as hardy as a Kentia and resembles Cocos Weddeliana. The most charming plant of all to grow in the house is a lemon, orange or grapefruit tree. They need a sunny window, and an old plant will take up much room, but their pic- turesque habit, good foliage and fragrant blossoms make them quite worth while. They are more likely to do well in a country house than in the city, because gas seems to be fatal to them. ‘They can be grown from seed, but it is a slow proceeding and the fruit will be worthless, so it is much better to buy a grafted plant which will bear fruit that is of some value. POTTING SOIL The best soil for all plants, whether grown indoors or out, is what florists call a good potting-soil. The proportions are sometimes varied slightly, but in general it consists of equal parts of well-rotted leaves and rotted sods with the addition of old manure and a little sharp sand. Rotted sods with old manure and sand (if it is lacking) is the easiest soil to get in most places and it is good enough for any plant. Some plants need special care, but almost none of them need special soil. Moisture, light and air are far more important factors in plant growth than soil. WATERING PLANTS IN THE HOUSE Watering potted plants is not a difficult thing, yet improper watering is the cause of many failures. It takes only a small intel- ligence to determine by touch whether the earth in a pot is dry or moist, and if it be dry to water it until it is moist. If the earth is moist, of course, there is no need of water- ing. Watering too often is only harmful when the drainage from the pot is not good, or when the pot stands in a saucer full of water. Pots which are put in a jardiniere or bowl should be lifted whenever they are watered to see that there is no water standing in the bowl. Nothing except complete dryness is worse for an ordinary house-plant than to have the earth about it constantly saturated. It should be moist but not wet. PREPARING THE VEGETABLE GARDEN FOR NEXT YEAR In October or November the vegetable garden should be gotten ready for the next season. Rake up and burn all the old vines, cornstalks and weeds, spread on as much manure as you can afford, and spade it over thoroughly. Next spring you will be ready to plant as soon as the ground is fit to work and much valuable time will be saved. I believe this is the best practise quite aside from the saving in time. November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVii A Gray November Day xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 A Silent Servant A customer writes: “The Hot-Air Pump you furnished us some eight years ago works as noise- lessly, as effectively, and as satisfactorily to-day, has drawn water from a well some thirty feet of one and one-half inch pipe to the reservoir.” ce ” our friend has In using the word ‘‘xozselessly, touched upon one of the most important features of a Hot-Air Pump. Many of our customers are people with country homes who have had their nerves sorely tried by the noisy clanging of a windmill’s wheel (the source of their private water supply), until, in a spirit of desperation, they have felt compelled to remove the windmill and make trial of a Hot-Air Pump With its silent action, health and rest have come ENGINE Co. Hot-Air Pump means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. Grates, etc. Dixon’s cait:ie Paint Lasts And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. have inert pigments to do with it? RI D ER- E, RICSSO N 239 Franklin Street (Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco”’ Electric Pump.) ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a Our 75-page catalog, which will be sent free (enclose ten cents to cover postage), also gives an illustrated list of Gas and Electric Fixtures the most unique line on the market. We are manufacturers of Tiles, WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept. D, Atlanta, Ga. as the day it was put in. During this period it distant and thrown it through five hundred feet back again along with natural quiet and repose. In this way the Hot-Air Pump has proved itself a wonderful therapeutic agent, besides being the most reliable domestic water supply known. Remember that these pumps are not steam- engines, but machines of low-power which cannot explode, operated solely by hot air, automatic in their action, requiring no skilled attention, so simple that any servant or farmer’s boy can start and stop the little flame that gives them life. The cost of operation is almost nil, while the delivery of water is absolutely certain at all times and seasons. Be sure that the name “RIDER Or -FRICSSON appears upon the pump you purchase. This name “BEECO “BEECO- protects you against worthless imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. Write for Catalogue E, and ask for reduced price-list. New York Boston Chicago Philadelphia Montreal, P. Q. Sydney, N. S. W. 5 Warren Street 40 Dearborn Street 40 North 7th Street 234 West Craig Street 22 Pitt Street - aoe ovo o Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOORESIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND OR CATALOGUES JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. For nearly sixty-five years the Scientific American has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. The Season’s Best Club Combinations Scientific American or American Homes and Gardens 3.00 Review of Reviews ... 3.00 $4.45 Scientific American or American re euomues ond Gardens 6 eview oO eviews. sees : World’s Work $6.80 $5.35 Scientific American or American omes and Gardens 00 McClure’s Magazine 5 Review of Reviews $5.35 Scientific American or American Homes and Gardens $3 World’s Work Delineator $5.10 Scientific American or American Homes and Gardens $3.00 McClure’s Magazine 3 $4.60 Woman’s Home Companion.,.... $5.75 After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina~- tions including Woman’s Home Companion. MUNN @ CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City What Our Booklet 106B will tell you. Ground bone should be spread on top and worked in with a rake or wheel-hoe, and if the whole garden could be covered for the winter with strawy manure or leaves it would be the best possible preparation for the next season. TOOLS The forehanded gardener will clean, sharpen and oil all tools, repairing those that can be repaired and discarding those that are worn out, making a list of spring replacements. The lawn-mower should be put in order now; but are there many people who do not leave it until the last minute in the spring? SCIONS If you intend to do any grafting next spring, cut the scions now, selecting wood not of this season’s growth, but a year old. ‘They should be cut in lengths of 6 to 8 inches, tied in bundles, and buried in some well-drained spot below the frost-line. Next spring they will be ready when wanted and much better than newly cut ones, because they have been well protected through the winter. HOUSES THAT DO NOT SHAKE DOWN T IS a mooted question whether it is better to anchor the building solidly to the ground by deep foundations, or to place it upon the ground like an independent load free to move in every direction without having its proper vibrations hampered by the discordant vibrations of the ground. In the independent method the lower parts, not being suddenly brought back when the ground returns to its former position, it might be expected that the building would be less easily dislocated, as inertia acts equally on all its elements. But all the advantages of this system can be secured only if the whole building is light and homo- geneous. In any case, a masonry building should rest upon an indeformable base, such as a grating of iron bars or a bed of armored concrete. To make the independence more complete, it has been proposed to support build- ings upon steel balls or round stones, but this device is of uncertain efficacy. The endeavor is usually to connect the building and ground by solid and deep foundations. Such, at least, is the opinion of M. G. Espitallier, who has contributed a valuable paper on the subject to the Mémoires et Travaux de la Sociétés des Ingenieurs Civils de France. It has been in- ferred, from the comparative immunity of mine galleries and other subterranean voids, that the vibrations travel more regularly under- ground than on the surface, and that advantage can be taken of this regularity in laying foun- Before You Decide ABOUT HEATING Your Residence Let us show you why Richardson & Boynton Fresh, Warm Air Furnaces and Steam or Hot Water Boilers are installed in more buildings than any other make in this country. If you are building your own home, Richardson & Boynton Heating Apparatus will mean the greatest possible amount of heat at small running expense. It will add materially to the value of your house if you are building to rent or to sell. Write for our latest book “‘ Truth About Heating” —we send it free. Richardson & Boynton Co. Established 1837 OFFICES 232-234-236 Water Street, New York 20 E. Lake St., Chicago 51 Portland St., Boston ON SALE BY ALL RELIABLE DEALERS November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS mie dations: but to secure this result the founda- tion walls must be separated from the surface , soil by very soft filling. In alluvial districts bi buildings resting upon deeply driven piles have , yy } fa (2) behaved well, but this method is adeeb ony uO” “kau mii mah ho wei 4 / nd | as a last resort. It would be preferable to es x OE, employ shafts filled with concrete, close to- ———— REGISTERED IN U.S.PATENT OFFICE gether and connected at the top by elastic Te girders of steel or armored concrete. 7: The Most Artistic and Permanent Building Material in the World VERTICAL WALLS For Castle or Cottage, for House, Stable or Garden Wall, BF it costs Mas little more than wood and usually less i an concrete (depending somewhat on location), and is far ‘The houses of a block should be fastened superior and preferable to either. Altogether different in together for mutual support, and isolated build- coloring, texture and hardness from ordinary face brick. : 3 6 For every extra dollar it adds ten dollars to the value of ings should be constructed on a simple and the building and vastly increases the salability of the entire regular plan. Extensions should be avoided property. Home builders or promoters of suburban properties S 2 a Sean ; are especially urged to investigate the many merits of Tapestry on account of their discordance with the main Brick, with its revival of the old Roman and Persian Types. building. These precautions are useless unless There Is Only One “Tapestry” Brick— the masonry itself is strong. In spite of their the name is stamped on each brick solid appearance, stone blocks form one of the Our valuable book “Tapestry Brickwork,” giving com- che i . a parative costs of wood, concrete and brick constructions worst systems for earthquake countries, al 48 pages, 8 in colors, describing the brick architecture i though their tendency to slide could be dimin- of all ages, full of interest to architect and home t “ builder, sent on receipt of 20 cents (less than the cost ished by using notched blocks. Small elements to publish). Write for information, describing the : : FeO ten ter are preferable if well interlocked and connected woth vou mae saiming FISKE & CO., Inc., SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF TAPESTRY BRICK 1708 Flatiron Building, New York We will also direct you to the nearest building made of Tapestry Brick, for your examination. Japanese Roof THE WASHABLE WALL COVERING To have the cleanest, brightest, most labor-saving of all kitchens and pantries, get Sanitas—the wash- able covering—for the walls. Glazed like tile in plain or decorative tile designs, printed in oil col- SA NITAS ors on strong muslin. Fade- (o[<) The Japanese Method proof, stain-proof, crack-and- "eum — tear-proof. Decorators, paper-hangers by strong mortar. Ancient Roman buildings and department stores. represent the type of this class, and have re- ; ; sisted wonderfully, while modern buildings in Then gg: Memes athe guarantee oe the same region have fallen. Bricks form the a MERIC ey e a es ae shelves. Beau- most homogeneous and isochronous masonry. : ae ole itul marble and decorative patterns 4 and fancy borders. Trade-mark on back guarantees every yard. Department, house furnishing and general The cracks formed are seldom vertical, but are \ | [Direts usually inclined zigzag lines following the vy) J joints, and do not necessarily cause falling. . stores, Long horizontal fissures, however, may cause ae | the fall of large sections. For this reason y = These materials TRANSFORM your kitchen and g AY y' notched bricks are employed in Japan. In the a pantry at modest cost. Incomparable for new homes. fe o . gl #4) pt 2 same country a parabolic profile, similar to ; pov If you wish to decorate your living, din- that of reservoirs and lighthouses, 1s sometimes > Department SP Hone Desi oe employed. The materials of the wall should sibs fhe roomont command cceiae ree ° . . Le ata anitas reproduc- be as light as possible, especially at the top. A tions with sketches of clever new effects, All observers denounce heavy parapets, pro- | | 4] STANDARD OIL CLOTH COMPANY \ jecting cornices, balustrades, and afixed orna- | - Dept 11 320 Broadway, New York City ments, which are easily detached and fall on the heads of fugitives. Balconies are especially dangerous, and should be prohibited entirely. The solidarity of the buildings should ex- tend to the floors and roof. But as this result is dificult to obtain, some builders have sug- gested a system of independent floors and roofs. For floors in particular there is no perfect sys- tem of connection with the walls. The fasten- 5 2 OUR own individual rug, dif- The Complete Hotel Y terent from all other rugs, and in a high-class wool fabric = adapted to your own decorations. ings sometimes employed only produce fissures Ho tel Paul Bien e roucivcmentas coment in the wall between them and tear out when St tl make one that will, either plain, : self-tone or contrast. All sizes the walls separate, allowing the floors to fall. atier SS Gao Gos SE Gee (Ge See Seamless, wool weft, reversible, The pened ue a pene be ee BUFFALO heavy and durable, Sold by best enou to rest on the walls at their greates shops or write for color line and z 3 3 Bp 2g 300 Rooms -300 Baths me : price list to ARNOLD, ‘CONSTABLE separation. he roof, in addition to the dan- Modern in Construction. Pe COMNE WORE: ger of falling between the walls, may carry Artistic in Appointment. THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, AUBURN, N. y, Complete in Equipment, Perfect in Service. Circulating Ice Water to All Rooms the walls down with it. Independence of the roof has been sought by supporting it upon balls or rollers, but it may be feared that in an earthquake a roof would abuse its independence by slipping off altogethe . At all events, the Ask your dealer for ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE European Plan Exclusively The Corrugated Hose made in Wilmington, Delaware. Identify by the RED label on every length. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Magazine of Good Taste for the Home has recently changed hands and been brought into a new organization of trained magazine men. It is edited by one of the ablest and most experienced men in the country. Alowse&jarden superbly printed on tinted paper and beautifully illustrated, is devoted to the home—its planning, building, furnishing and decoration, and the planting and care of the garden and grounds. It treats of every side of house-building, —Colonial, English half-timber, stucco, bungalows and many others; interior decoration, furnishing, hallways, living-rooms, wall coverings, draperies, rugs, pictures and a thousand and one problems that confront the home-maker. The surroundings of a house contribute equally to its comfort and beauty and Aouse Garden deals adequately with this end of the subject. Its articles on gardening and landscaping: are practical and helpful. It covers every phase of the flower and vegetable garden,—shrubs, trees, bulbs, the window garden, the water garden, the greenhouse and the multitude of things that every amateur gardener wants to know. It has a department for the beginner from which the most inexperienced can work withsuccess. Altogether, Rouse Garden is a new sort of magazine and is brimming over with practical help and suggestions for making the home more tasteful and comfortable. A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS IN HOUSE & GARDEN FOR NOVEMBER INDICATE THE SCOPE AND INTEREST OF THE MAGAZINE: Using the Porch All Winter—Which will tell how to get 12-months’ service instead of four out of one of the most important parts of the House. Forcing Bulbs for Indoor Bloom; or, how to grow flowers during the long dreary Winter months, by Luke J. Doogue. ; : First Steps—By Alex. B. Trowbridge, Architect. An in- timate talk to prospective home-owners on some of the things they will have to pay for besides merely the house. The Making of One Country Home—By Jeannette L. Gilder. The story ofthe acquisition and reconstruction of a quaint old farmhouse. c Furniture for the Living-Room and Library — New types of modern furniture, what they cost and how they should be used. ee . Stairways — A page of pictures showing distinctive American types. Getting into a Place—By Grace Tabor. This article discusses the matter of entrances, driveways, gates and the laying out of approaches for the typical subur- ban plot. Pehle. : Things You Can Build into the House—By Margaret Greenleaf. Practical suggestions for window-seats, JUST PUBLISHED Chimneys—A page of pictures showing a number ot kinds used in modern homes. Japanese Prints for Hom2 Decoration—Telling of deco- ration for the walls of living-room or hall: how the eon should be used; how framed, etc. By Sherril Schell. The Secret of Chrysanthemum Culture—How to have this beautiful flower of the Fall months in ~our garden and how to raise prize blooms. A California Chalet—A distinct type of an informal country home in one of the Pacific Slope Valleys. The Available Heating Systems—What they are, how they work and the comparative costs for installation and maintenance. An Old-Time House and Garden of Essex — A re- modeled Colonial Homestead. All the Maples—Which of them are the best trees for lawn, street and driveway and how to recognize them by their leaves. wae ee The Beginners’ Garden—A pag-~ for the 2 nay, novice. There are also departments soe >» of interior decoration and of the yee) ad garden, devoted to the solution of subscribers’ individual bookcases, corner cupboards and other conveniences. problems. : Ye i AY) TO NEW SUBSCRIBERS—Send us $3.00 at once (the regular sub- - o SN e scription price) and we will enter your subscription to HOUSE & GARDEN oe on oe from now until 1911, 14 months in all. This will include the superb Christmas ee x of pe issue, the great Building Number in January and the Double Spring Gardening a RS RS ee Number in April. Pa 3 x se USE THE COUPON TINSEL é 25ec.a copy at all newsestands. $3.00 a year uf & eS Sake Na gs McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., 6 West 29th Street, New York City “wiser” _o¢ 3 » 2 wy S09 ~ Be SSH ©) P : e “ ” JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV A Book for Architects, Builders, Homemakers and Housekeepers STICKLEY Containing practical house plans, exteriors and interiors, suggestions for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and needlework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work. SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York Noveiaber, 1909 base of the roof should be so extended as to rest on the walls at their greatest separation, and the roof should project considerably so as to cap and hold together the structure. At Chemakha, in 1902, a roof of this kind pre- vented the destruction of the building. ‘The material is also important. Tiles should be prohibited, on account of their fragility and liability to fall. Slates, on the contrary, if properly laid and fastened, form a strong roof. Zinc and corrugated iron in large sheets are the best materials. Metal roofs have the fur- ther advantage of being light and elastic. For flat roofs armored concrete is best. Japan offers the best field for studying the effect of earthquakes on wooden buildings, but the comparative immunity of Japanese build- ings is due largely to their small height and dimensions and light materials. Only their tile roofs are heavy, and the concave form of these adds to their strength. The house, of one or two stories, is placed on stone blocks; the framing, even of the roof, consists of ver- tical and horizontal elements without inclined braces; the walls of hurdles covered with mor- tar or paper panels. ‘This construction pro- duces an independent, deformable, and elastic building, which moves and inclines without danger so long as the tenons hold. Its very weakness constitutes its strength, but this sys- tem of construction cannot be generally recom- mended. Permanence of form is the first requisite, and this has been recognized by the Japanese earthquake commission. After the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755, stringent regu- lations were enforced, and the well-braced buildings thereafter constructed have shown strong resistance to subsequent earthquakes. The steel-frame building presents all the advantages of the wood-frame building to- gether with less risk of fire, although in a con- flagration its elements, if not protected, may become deformed and carry down the build- ing. Steel-frame construction permits the at- tainment of great dimensions and almost un- limited height. The steel skyscrapers of San Francisco withstood the earthquake nobly. But these high towers must be firmly anchored to the ground. Although the general frame resists well, this is not the case with isolated supports, such as posts, which become sheared or twisted. Examples of this were observed in San Francisco. In particular, steel posts supporting heavy floors were bent by the in- ertia of the latter in horizontal oscillations. The greatest danger connected with large steel buildings resides in the construction of the walls, which are commonly formed of panels of brick, which become detached and fall. The British in India have adopted the artifice of inclosing a wall between two steel gratings, which may be imbedded in cement, but this is an approximation toward armored concrete construction, which might better be frankly adopted. All the desired qualities are found to the greatest extent in armored concrete; even the tisk of fire is reduced to a minimum. It was for the sake of protection against fire that American builders were led to envelop steel posts and girders in concrete, after coverings of terra cotta had proven unsatisfactory. Ar- mored concrete, furthermore, permits the con- struction of an indeformable block, all whose parts, walls, floors, and even partitions, al- though elastic, are firmly connected and mu- tually supporting. Buildings of moderate height may be simply placed on a bed of ar- mored concrete on the ground, but high build- ings should be firmly anchored. When the upper soil is soft, a useful resource will be found in solid concrete piles cast in shafts made with a pile-driver, which compresses the surrounding soil. The best argument in favor of armored concrete is the behavior of build- November, 1909 ings of this material, which remained erect and intact while other buildings were destroyed in the catastrophes of San Francisco and Mes- sina. A NEW KIND OF ILLUMINATING GAS HAT is known as the De Laitte sys- W tem of lighting houses with gas has attracted not a little attention in Eu- rope. Private electric light, coal, or kerosene gas plants, because of their very large initial cost, cannot always be installed. Since gaso- line has come into fairly common use and is obtainable almost everywhere, a French in- ventor, M. Benoit de Laitte, has devised a method of generating gas from _ gasoline. When gasoline vapor is passed into pipes hav- ing a temperature lower than that at which the evaporation is accomplished, some of the gasoline will recondense into liquid form. Be- cause the supply piping is underground and exposed to low temperature in winter, not a little trouble is thus caused. De Laitte has devised a carbureter which is intended com- pletely to vaporize gasoline in very cold weather without the application of heat. In it the temperature of evaporation falls as low as —17 deg. Fahr., which is far below the lowest winter temperature in most civilized countries. For this reason condensation is practically impossible. It has been found that air will absorb vari- able proportions of gasoline, depending upon the humidity of the atmosphere. To over- come this objection, De Laitte extracts all the moisture from the air, which is carefully kept from contact with water, and thus the air on carburetion is perfectly dry. Hence, a uni- form gas is produced without the possibility of variation. The principle of the De Laitte process con- sists in the fact that a measured quantity of gasoline is converted into vapor by a measured quantity of air passed in a brisk current over a large surface of gasoline. The particular part of the apparatus in which this is accomplished is the carbureter. The current of air is pro- duced by means of a drum, which induces a certain fixed quantity of air for each revolu- tion, and this movement is obtained by a gear in such a manner that for every cubic foot of air taken up, a fixed amount of gasoline is in- duced into the carbureter. By this means a gas of unvarying quality is obtained, and per- fect evaporation effected. The carburetion takes place in a flat metal tube of considerable width and small depth. The gasoline flows downward, covering a large surface, over which the rapid current of air is conducted. “The evaporation thus caused is so vigorous, that absolutely no residue is left when good gasoline is employed, even at a tem- perature many degrees below the freezing- point. The proper gas is collected in a small gosometer, which serves to regulate the pres- sure, and which acts on the driving power of the drum in such a way that when no gas is re- quired, the apparatus is stopped. Between thirty and forty towns are lighted apparatus is exceedingly small—a weight, water power, electricity, hot air, or a gas motor being employed. ‘The gas is burned with incandescent mantles, but in consequence of the exceedingly high temperature and com- bustion, the illuminating power is consider- ably increased. , Cattle Manure in Bags fuivorized Best and safest manure for florists and greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, nodanger. Write for circular and prices. The Pulverized Manure Co. 21 Union Stock Yards, Chiocage. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Cut out your doctor’s bills and promote your family’s health and comfort by installing a HOWARD THERMOSTAT WITH CLOCK ATTACHMENT Easily applied to all heating plants. Automatically keeps your home at an even, health- ful temperature all winter long. If you prefer to have your house cooler at night than during the day, the Clock Attacnm:: saves you the trouble of ‘‘getting up early to turn onthedrafts.”” Upon retiring, y clock and alarm springs, set the alarm-hand about one hour in advance of rising time,a the pointer to the temperature desired for the night. At the hour set, the pointer silently moves up to the temperature desired for the day. The motor then makes the correct adjust- ment of draft and check, and when you arise the house will be at the desired temperature. Guaranteed for 10 years. Thousands in use more than 25 years. Coal saved pays for it; therefore it costs you nothing. The most reliable and most perfect heat.controlling device ever placed on the market. Howard Thermostats Are Sold by Heating Men and Electricians Everywhere If you will kindly send us the nameand address of your furnace man, _ Steamfitter or electrician, we will send you our booklet No. 18, which : gives complete details about the Howard Thermostat. Write to-day. HOWARD THERMOSTAT CO., 354 W. Ist St., Oswego, N.Y. New England Office: 188 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass. New York City Office: 143 Liberty Street, Wm. A. Kitts, Jr., Manager, Canadian Representative: The Gurney Foundry Co., Ltd., Toronto, Can. IZ. = HT COMPLETE Geet as Do you live in an iceberg? Is the temperature of your home in zero or high-windy weather so uneven and drafty as to make a hard- ened arctic explorer shiver and long for the Frozen North? The extreme cold is not so trying as is the uneven warmth, the drafti- ness, and the dampness of the average home. These conditions can forever be corrected by putting in an outfit of RICAN [DEAL Rp IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN HOS BOILERS Radiators for Hot-Water, Vacuum, or Low-Pressure Steam heating will give you just the degree of tem- perature you want no matter what the weather conditions. The Ideal Sylphon Regulator supplied with all IDEAL Steam Boilers is the great- est improvement made in acentury in controlling draft and check dampers, for sure heating, to stop fuel waste, and prevent fluctuations in the temperature of the rooms above. Our complete catalog tells of other equally important features. Whether your cottage, house, store, building, church, etc., is OLD or new, farm or city, do not delay inves- tigating this best investment feature of any building. Saves fuel, labor, repairs—gives greatest comfort, protects the health, and insures household cleanliness, safety, and durability. Putin without disturbing old heating meth- ods until ready to start fire in the new. A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 600 ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing the owner $255, were used to Hot-Water heat this cottage. At this price the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which in- stallation is extra and varies accord- ‘ng to climatic and other conditions. If the passage-ways in your home are at times as shivery as the land of Cook and Peary and stepping on bare floors is like cross- ing ice floes, you will enjoy our free book telling lots of things about our sure heating and its economies that it will pay you wellto know. Write to-day, describing kind of building you wish to heat. Showrooms and Warehouses in all large cities. AMERICANRADIATOR COMPANY Bo cS coca ca cho cho co ca cn cia ca cha cs cs cls cs ca cs cs cs cs chs cs ce Write Dept. 6 CHICAGO AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS >> Completes the Circuit between You and Progress q CLEAN, WHOLESOME, INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING, THE Scientific American is unique in the current literature of the world and ranks among the great periodicals which are regarded as distinctly American Institutions. Its accurate, popularly written articles open to the intelligent mind the mysteries of science, mirror the inventive genius of the American same results are constantly being devised. In a word, the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” is a source of inspiration and entertainment to every intelligent reader. DURING THE YEAR 1910 there will be found in the weekly issues of the ‘“ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” illustrated articles on the leading events of the day in regard to Aeronautics, Automobiles, the Navy, Engineering Works, Scientific News, etc. Our brief notes on Electricity, Engineering and Science are published in each issue. Our Correspondence Column contains letters from all parts of the world. Inour Notes and Queries Department are published replies to correspondents in regard to the widest range of topics, and an able corps of experts is engaged to attend to these queries. A complete list of all patents issued in the United States appears in each issue. A department entitled the “Handy Man’s Workshop” is published every second or third week. We have special correspondents in the various capitals of Europe. The “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ”’ is, in fact, a Newspaper of Progress, and as such no intelligent family can afford to be without it. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. Read the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” for Two Months Free With a view of extending our subscription list we are prepared for a limited period to make you the following: SPECIAL OFFER If you will fill out the attached coupon and mail it to us with a remittance of $3.00 in payment for a New subscription for “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” we will enter the subscription for one year commencing January 1, 1910, and we will also send you absolutely free the numbers for November and December, 1909. COUPON MUNN & CO., Inc. You will thus receive the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” FOR FOURTEEN & Enclosed please MONTHS for the price of one year’s subscription. To those who act quickly > find $3.00 for which we will also send in addition to the above a copy of our Special Hudson- < send me “Scientific Fulton” Souvenir number. This magnificent number has thirty-two American” for one pages brimful of timely information and illustrations regarding the my year from Jan. 1,1910 great explorer and the famous engineer, giving a history of the evolu- KY with Nov. and Dec.. 1909. tion of the River Steamboat in the United States and other topics of interest. As the number of copies of this “Grand Souvenir” available for this purpose is very limited it will be necessary for you to send in your order at once in order to secure a copy. MUNN @® CO., Inc. 365 BROADWAY NEW YORK, N. Y. numbers and a copy of Special “Hudson - Fulton” Souvenir number free as per special offer. Name The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. i is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES Workman, show how dreams have become realities and that however \ well things have been done heretofore, better means of accomplishing the : November, 1909 Between thirty and forty towns are lighted on this plan in Europe. In England there are about six thousand installations, which include hundreds of public buildings, railway stations, etc. About twenty or thirty plants are in- stalled in India. SOAPS FOR REMOVING SPOTS Mee soaps sold as spot-removers are ordinary cocoanut-oil soaps, and re- move only the spots which are pre- pared for the purpose by the vender. For ex- ample, spots made by daubing cotton goods with a mixture of tar and acid can be removed with pure water, and completely disappear when washed with ordinary soap. ‘True spot- removing soaps contain oxgall and turpentine, which can be detected by their characteristic and powerful odors, even if the soaps are scented. A good spot-removing soap may be made by mixing 20 parts by weight of good hard white soap, in very small pieces, with 8 parts of water and 12 parts of oxgall. “The mixture is allowed to stand over night and is then heated gently until solution is complete. The heating is continued a little longer, in order to evapo- rate some of the water, and 1% part of oil of turpentine and 1% part of benzine are stirred in, after the vessel has been removed from the fire. ‘The still liquid soap is then colored with a little ultramarine green, dissolved in ammo- nia, and is poured into molds, which are at once covered. The following process is also recommended, but it requires some care, as the soap is easily separated by agitation, especially if the oxgall is not fresh. In a vessel heated on a water bath, 28 parts by weight of cocoanut oil are thoroughly incorporated with 5 parts of talc or fuller’s earth, 1/10 part of brilliant green and 1/50 part of ultramarine green. The mixture is allowed to cool to 90 deg. F.; 14 parts by weight of lye of a strength of 38 Baumé are then added and, after saponification is completed, 5 parts of oxgall are stirred in. If any separation takes place, the vessel is closely covered and heated on the water bath until the mixture becomes uniform. Finally, WY part of turpentine and about 8 parts of ben- zine are added and the soap is poured into molds. COMBATING INJURIOUS INSECTS WITH THE AID OF THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES N INTERESTING instance of success- A ful warfare waged against injurious insects with the aid of their natural enemies is reported from Hawaii, where the sugar plantations have in recent years been threatened with annihilation by the ravages of a small cicada, little more than one- eighth of an inch long. Professor Kirkaldy, the director of the Honolulu Entomological Station, has described the little insect and named it Parkinstiella saccharicida. It pierces the stem of the sugar-cane and extracts the sap, causing the plant to wither and die. The formidable character of this insect pest is due to the amazing rapidity with which it multiplies. Six generations are produced annually and, on assumption that 20 females of each brood live to reproduce their kind, it is estimated that the progeny of one female, produced in the course of a single year, numbers 64,000,000. ‘The insect was un- doubtedly introduced with the sugar-cane from other countries into Hawaii, where it has multiplied enormously, as its natural enemies, which limit its numbers elsewhere, do not appear to have been imported with it. Ento- mologists were, therefore, sent abroad to dis- cover the original home of the little cicada, to find its natural enemies, and to bring these November, 1909 to Hawaii. It was necessary to extend these laborious and costly investigations to every part of the world from which sugar-cane plants have been imported. The home of the insect was finally located in Australia, where two of its most formidable enemies were also found. “These are two species of ichneumon fly, of the genera Paranargus and Ovetertas- tichus, which lay their eggs in the eggs of the cicada. The first-named species destroys only the cicada eggs in which its own eggs are de- posited, but the other species pierces only one egg of each cluster of cicada eggs and its larva destroys the entire cluster. Both species have been successfully colonized in Hawaii and the prodigious increase of the sugar-cane cicada has thus been checked. NEW BOOKS OnE Hunpbrep Country Housess. Mopern AMERICAN Examptes. By Aymar Em- bury II. New York: The Century Co. Pp. 161264. Price, $3.00; postage, 30 cents. A merely casual examination of this in- teresting book discloses the pertinent fact that its author has here gathered views of the hundred country houses he most admires in America; houses, at least, that he deems worthy of offering to the inspection of others; houses that, in a very full sense of the word, invite and compel the admiration of every reader. He does not, of course, tell us that of all the houses he knows or knows of these are unqualifiedly the best and most interest- ing; but the collection does not include a single house wanting in merit nor one that may not rightly be included in any survey of the recent country work of our contemporary American architects. No one knows better than Mr. Embury himself that the collection could be greatly expanded, but every book has its limits in space, and we can only be grateful that so many good buildings are illustrated within the covers of a single vol- ume. This is a book of very distinct character and very well-defined purpose. The author avoids the expensive house in which so many of our architects have accomplished their greatest monetary triumphs, and contents himself with dwellings of comparatively moderate cost. On the other hand, he avoids, with equal definiteness, the “cheap” house, of which we hear such a clamor, and see so little in real excellence. In other words, he has chosen the type of house that appeals most quickly to people who need to know of houses or who may be expected to possess an intelligent in- terest in them. The book opens with a brief introductory chapter, and the author then takes up his sub- ject in houses of related character. He classi- fies his subject under the headings of “New England Colonial,’ “Southern Colonial,” “Classic Revival,” “Dutch Colonial,” ‘“Span- ish or Mission,” ‘American Farmhouse,” ‘Elizabethan,’ “Modern English,” “Italian,” “Art Nouveau,” and “Japanesque.” The concluding chapters treat of “The House and Garden” and “The Plan of the House.” In the emphasis laid on style, as indicated by the chapter headings, the author seems to attach an importance to this aspect of house design that he, perhaps, does not really believe in. This is a phase of architecture that appeals very keenly to the layman and should by no means be encouraged. It is utterly immaterial as to what “style” a house is designed in so long as it is a good design and a good house. But every book requires some arrangement, and that adopted here was doubtless desirable for consistent division. Save in the last chapter Mr. Embury deals only with the exterior of houses. His is not \ f ¥ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Only Player Piano in the World That Accents as Great Pianists Do! Accents the Melody Without Affecting the Accompaniment The wonderful accentingdevice of the SOLO- ASETO Mls © makes it pos- sible for you to produce every shading, every brilliant effect exactly as the composer in- tended. The melody is brought into strong relief without subdu- ing the accom- paniment, as is done in other so- called accenting devices. || MELVILLE SOLO FH (| PLAYER The First 88-Note Player In the Field The Melville Clark APOLLO was the first Player Piano that covered the entire 88-note range of the keyboard. It is the only 88-note Player Piano with eight years of perfec- tion behind it. The new SOLO- APOLLO con- tains all the su- perior and ex- clusive features of the 88-note APOLLO Play- er Piano. 88-Note A Player Piano is of value, in proportion as it expresses immediately, WHAT THE SOLO-APOLLO WILL DO It accents perfectly ome or several notes in a chord struck simultaneously; one note or any num- ber of notes in a chromatic run, single, double or treble. the intent of the composer YOU FIND IT IN NO OTHER PLAYER PIANO The accenting device is to be found in no other Player Piano in the world. required to produce the beautiful effects in the SOLO-APOLLO—the merest novice can attain them THE REMARKABLE HUMAN TOUCH Thekeys of the APOLLO Player Pianos are struck o stops or levers are by the pneumatic fingers just as the human fingers strike them, downward, which is the method ob= served in manual playing. This naturally secures the real human expression. TRANSPOSE TO FIVE OR MORE DIFFERENT KEYS All APOLLO PLAYERS are fitted with the ad= justing and transposing device by which you can change at the touch of a finger to five or more keys It accents perfectly any number of notes in the to suit any voice or accompanying instrument. most intricate passage possible on the piano with The self-acting motor automatically rewinds the a crescendo while accenting and will accent at the music on the roll, and thus saves you work. highest possible tempo. The accented notes or The SOLO-APOLLO accents the most difficult chords always come in their proper place with passages in amore perfect manner than the human rare infallibility. hand, because the human hand at best is fallible. The Melville Clark Piano, in which the Apollo Player action is placed, is ACRYSTALLIZATION OF THE HIGHEST SKILL IN PIANO ARTISTRY. Our SOLO-APOLLO Booklet, and name of the nearest dealer, who will be glad to demonstrate this beautiful Player-Piano, sent on request. Address (5) Melville Clark Piano Company, 424 Steinway Building, Chicago ERSONAL attention to the selec- tion of hardware trimmings will be ~ to your advantage if you are build- ing orremodeling a home. Quality and durability of the hardware, the style of architecture with which it is to harmonize, your architect's advice and your own taste should all be considered in determining the design. The result is certain to be entirely satisfac- tory if the chosen pattern is selected from HY Sargent’s Artistic ~ Hardware It possesses quality in a high degree, a decora- tive value appreciated by those whose object is to make a home artistic and complete in all its appoint- ments. If the house you are planning is of the French order of architecture, Georgian, Colonial or other style, SARGENT'S Book of Designs—Sent FREE will enable you to make your selection from a num- ber of patterns especially designed for the style of architecture you prefer. The seventy and more patterns illustrated will offer a wide choice. THE COLONIAL BOOK—also free—shows Door Handles, Cut Glass Knobs, Knockers, ete. Address SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard St., New York. xxiii XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY GUARANTEE LABELS Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously translated in practice. Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the leadership of Wolff design. L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. Established 1855 MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The only complete line made by any one firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE STREET 91 DEARBORN STREET SHOWROOMS: DENVER \ CHICAGO TRENTON BRANCH OFFICES Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building B Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building uffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue Modern Plumbing Illustrated By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (1034x734) Paces 55 FuLt PaGEs OF ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 @ A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public Buildings, etc. The very latest and most ap- proved methods in all branches of Sanitary In- stallation are given. @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- trated follow in the next column. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and-Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Connections [ete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift —Sump Tank Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work . House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat.House Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Buildin Plumbing for Public Toilet oonna Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, etc. fey Electricity Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes November, 1909 a book of descriptions, but a discussion of the architectural treatment of exteriors. The limitation is an important one, since it would obviously have been impossible to describe in detail the entire contents of a hundred houses within any reasonable compass, and the ex- igencies of book-making have again necessi- tated a definite limitation. This limitation need not, however, be regretted, for the out- side of the house is, in many respects, its most important part, and the same sympathetic dis- cussion of these exteriors is the best kind of architectural criticism, presented with the friendly appreciation of the man who knows his own mind and who himself is a master of the craft of which he writes so delightfully. For Mr. Embury’s book is delightful in every way. His photographs are charming and admirably selected, and his text con- fessedly critical, yet always appreciative— since he concerns himself only with houses meriting commendation—is charmingly writ- ten. It is a book that must distinctly help the cause of good architecture in America, and it deserves, and no doubt will have, a cordial welcome from the readers to whom it espe- cially appeals. It is easily the most interesting and most helpful book of its kind that has appeared for some years. Forest TREES OF THE PaciFic SLOPE. By George Sudworth, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washing- ton: Government Office. Pp. 441. This important book is the first of four which are to deal with all the native forest trees of North America north of the Mexican boundary. The region treated includes Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Ore- gon and California. It thus contains an account of the tree species known to inhabit the Pacific region, numbering a hundred and fifty in all. An extended subject is thus com- pressed within very reasonable compass. The descriptions and information concerning the trees are concisely given, and the value of the book is enhanced with numerous illustrations. STRUCTURAL DETAILS, OR ELEMENTS OF DersicN IN HEAvy FRAMING. By Henry S. Jacoby. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 9+368. Price, $2.25 net. The title of this volume corresponds to a course of instruction conducted by the author in the College of Civil Engineering in Cornell University during the past nineteen years. In this course the students receive their first in- struction in the application of the principles of mechanics to the design of the details of structures. Experience has shown that in many respects problems involving timber con- struction are better adapted for this purpose than if confined to structural steel. If it may appear at first as if too much at- tention to details is given in the examples on the design of joints, beams and trusses, the author believes that the importance of careful study of every detail can only thus be properly emphasized. In practise it seems to be the exception rather than the rule to give the same attention to details of timber structures as to those of steel. In the interest of sound engineering practise it is essential that all connections and details have the same degree of security as the framed members. In several articles the order of design is given in full, with a view of economizing the time of the student, and of promoting system- atic habits in making the computations re- quired, these objects being mnegarded as important elements in efficient engineering education and practise. The volume is published in handsome form, and is amply illustrated with diagrams, sketches and views. COLONIAL For cozy corners, dens and general illumination, or for emergency use in any room in the house. Especially desir- able to use in case of failure of electricity or other illuminant. They can be converted into electric fixtures at any time by re- moving the candle-cups and adding sockets and necessary wire. High-class designs, superbly finished in Polished Brass, Brushed Brass, Oxidized Copper, Steel, Dead Black or Nickel Plate. Unless otherwise ordered Brushed-Brass finish will be sent. Sent prepaid to any part of the United States on receipt of price. If not perfectly satisfactory on receipt they may be returned at our expense and money will be cheerfully refunded without asking questions. No goods shipped until receipt of remittance 1-Light Bracket - - $1.45 2-Light Fixture - - $4.60 7 cs i es Sea ee - - 5.40 2 Z - - 2.85 3 “ “ Complete with candles ready to put up. On orders of two or more brackets or fixtures, an extra box of 1 dozen candles will be included. THE F. W. WAKEFIELD BRASS CoO. Sole Manufacturers of Wakefield Standard Universal I.ighting Department G Fixtures (Patented) VERMILION, O. Colonial Flouses FOR MODERN HOMES COLLECTION of designs of houses AL with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged with modern comforts and the completeness of the twentieth oentury. Written @ Illustrated by E.S. CHIL, Architect They show large, correctly drawn perspec. tives, full floor plans, and complete descrip- tions, with estimates of cost. The designs are tew, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but by anarchitect. They combine beauty of ex- terior with complete and convenient interiors, with kitchens, laundries, pantries and closets carefully and skilfully considered, you are at all interested in the subject, you will enjoy this publication. Price, postpaid, $2.00 MUNN & CO. Inc., 361 Broadway, New York JUST PUBLISHED The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Buider - - New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. Fireproofing Departments: ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street | SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl, Horix 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company Koll’s Patent Lock-Joint Columns A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- HELL cglely by neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 Hartmann - Sanders inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid | ) HH! Company AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS Elston and Webster Avenues CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway A circular describing this book will be mailed on application Wail fies eS MUNN & CO. Inc., 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also " Sweet's Index.") HS SS WS Wh A hd Td Tt 99 2 c — FE: Y = oe) New York Philadelphia 66 £3 58 Ee ag Ozgzas age. eS a © aNE O38 Oy: Be S| 5 fe) {© = }) os Gy ut ' OL, A SF taal LICENSED UNDER THE SELDEN PATENT BEAD R PY AOERE ABER Fe PAA, ELEC! IIA SOLER LE REDS SIR CG IG pipes 32 Visa GR vet Ne naenniinend } Rose: me RTT Ne alahcsitl dei Sag gees ban * heer ae é vr HALL CLOCKS Our line comprises the finest and most complete designs of high-class clocks on the market. Our move- ments are superior in nearly every detail and the purchaser is assured that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” We will soon have ready for delivery, our new Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. Michaels. Our “Willard” or Banjo Clock is a model of perfec- tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class article in every respect. If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for illustrated catalogue. Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. Holiday Gifts of Unusual Character In the search for Holiday Gifts of unusual character our ten spacious floors, filled with everything that contributes to the luxury and comfort of the home, afford a wealth of practical suggestions in Gift Articles distinctly out of the ordinary. There are many exclusive novelties and imported Objects of Art, also Tables, Desks, Chairs and unique pieces of Flint’s Fine Furniture especially appropriate for Christmas Gifts. Many of these pieces cannot be duplicated. Early selection is advised. Every piece is marked in plain figures and we particularly invite comparison of prices with the best values obtainable elsewhere. Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47 West 23"ST. ~—- 24-28 West 24" St Erected for Howard Gould, at Castlegould, L. I. You're Fond of Flowers? Then why not have them all Winter > A greenhouse will be one of the greatest pleasures you ever put your money in—and a lasting pleasure at that. Flowers whenever you want them, either potted or cut—and fresh, crisp vegetables. A place to delightfully work off a little surplus energy and time. It doesn’t neces- sarily have to be a large house—just large enough to look after yourself, if you want to. May we send you some interesting information on the subject > Hitchings & Company Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. Furniture From MAKER TO USER OHR-MADE Art Furniture is that distinctly different sort that not only instantly fascinates those in quest of the unique, but every article possesses the distinguishing attributes of durability and artistic design—bears on its face the indeli- ble imprint of quality and character. Consider us—our designers—our artists—our entire organization at your service. From penciled sketch to finished product we'll serve you intelligently with the knowledge born of more than fifty-eight years of untiring devotion to the art. Designs, estimates, etc., cheerfully furnished — without charge. FMOHR 5 «. 34th St. Cor. Broadway New York City na : December, 1909 falda -._ Faw A Wanamaker Suggestion THE “TRENT” COLONIAL TEA TRAY A Christmas Gift that Will Be a Real ‘Compliment of the Season” Price, $12.65—Carriage Paid 2OR the approaching season of mistletoe and holly, what Christmas gift will carry such a cheery greeting as one which will recall pleasant What keepsake will awaken more charming retrospect and prove a more delicate and real compliment to your friend’s taste, than one of these quaint, pretty, old- fashioned Colonial Tea Trays? The “Trent” Tray is a reproduction of a valuable antique supposed to have been made by Sheraton. This Tray is made of specially selected Honduras ma- hogany, and is beautifully, though simply, inlaid with satin- wood and holly border. It is wax eggshell finish to insure best service. The rim is shaped by hand. Solid brass handles. Diameter (over all) 1914 inches, price $12.65 —delivered anywhere in the United States. Lovers of Colonial things, who would like to send some tasteful bit to a friend, will receive The “Trent” Tray, No. D-336 on request, pictures and prices from our excep- tional collection. Tell us what you have in mind, or let us know what you care to expend, and we will help you make a selection. Also tell us what you want in other lines—Furniture, Wearing Apparel for men, women and children, Dry Goods, Jewelry, Books, Fancy Goods, etc. The right catalog will come to you by next mail. The Wanamaker Holiday Catalogs of Gifts and Toys are now ready. Please write for them. Section B—jJOHN WANAMAKER—New York Sampleand JY A House Lined with Circular " £ Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. vi CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY A CROSE-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, +++ 4444444444 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AATHSON, eM JIN The Old Swinging Lantern is not alone valuable for its guaint beauty of outline, but when hung from acorner of den or living-room, often proves most desirable as a reading lamp. THE ENOS COMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures Office and Factory: Salesrooms : SEVENTH AVE, & 16th ST. 36 WEST 37th ST. NEW YORK BALTIMORE—519 North Charles Street SAN FRANCISCO—334 Sutter Street TORONTO—94 King Street, West PITTSBURGH—The Norton Co., Century Building CHICAGO—W,. K. Cowan Co., 203 Michigan Boulevard SPOKANE—Cutte: & Plummer, Inc. SEATTLE—Cox & Gleason Co., 1914 Second Ave. ST. LOUIS—N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. BOSTON—H. F. Estabrook, Inc., 9 Park Street PORTLAND — J. C. English Co., 128 Park Street BIRMINGHAM—R. W. Knight & Co. i LOS ANGELES—Brooks Dec- orating Co, 696 South Alvarado Street DAMP PETRIF AX RESISTING Interior and Exterior Coating for Brick, Concrete or Cement. “If the Coat Fits, Put It On’’ DEXTER BROTHERS’ English Shingle Stains produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile Reds, and Beautiful Silver Grays. W7zte for Catalogue and Samples, DEXTER BROTHERS CO. 105 Broad Street, BOSTON Branch Office, 542 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blyd., Chi- cago; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. Antiques Photographs and de- scriptions of genuine antique pieces sent on : request. List your wants =25GEN| of antiques with me. |RALPH WARREN BURNHAM IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS No Night Fireman Needed WITH THIS ONLY SELF-FEEDING HEATER The Wilks Hot Water Heater furnishes the safest, easiest, cheapest way to provide heat and hot waiter at all times for farm buildings, garages, cottages, poultry houses, brooders, green-houses, golf and yacht clubs, etc., and is the only mS heater that feeds itseif. Improved coal mag- © azine keeps an even fire ro hours. Wilks Heaters are built of best sce? instead of the unrelfable cast iron commonly used. Strongly riveted, caulked and reinforced. Write for Free Book describing, giving zes, prices, etc. State full particulars and we will ecommend the best heater for your needs, and guar- antee it to give satisfaction if installed according Mito our directions. S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 3544 Shields Avenue, Chicago il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’? Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 A sumptuous book, dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. Hunn & Company Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK = oN THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows: CHAPTERI. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTERIV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- tion to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. Givesa description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2 00, Postpaid CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X.~ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO., INC., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii “DEFIANCE” SQ ANUELETTEEUETTTTEEATAAAA TAT EETTTTEAEA CAAT EAE AAAEU OATES AA AAT, S e Za ° a =Seroonmoneopecia: interest fo fhe =| Wood-working Machmery = = FOR MAKING == — AUTOMOBILE WHEELS AND BODIES, WAGON AND = = CARRIAGE WHEELS, HUBS, SPOKES, WAGONS, = = RIMS, CARRIAGES, SHAFTS, POLES, NECK-YOKES, == — SINGLETREES, HOOPS, HANDLES, SPOOLS, BOBBINS, = SS = INSULATOR PINS, OVAL WOOD DISHES AND FOR = = GENERAL WOOD WORK. = BUNGALOWS, CAMPS AND MOUNTAIN HOUSES = = This work contains many illustrations for Bungalows, Camps and Mountan = Invented and Built By = Houses, from designs of a large number of Architects from all parts of the country. = THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS = Substantially bound, in illuminated board covers, printed on coated paper; size, 8x9% = DEFIANCE, OHIO = inches. Price, $2.00. = = TWO FAMILY AND TWIN HOUSES = = Illustrated by a large variety of designs of recent work by Architects making = = a specialty of this class of buildings, and will be found a most suggestive book to those = = desiring to improve properties. Size, 8x9/% inches; illustrated boards. Price, $2.00. = a ARTISTIC PRACTICAL HOUSES = — BY E. S. CHILD, Architect — — A collection of unique houses, with sensible, practical floor arrangements for == = homes of moderate cost; 14x17; paper. Price, $2.00. = = COLONIAL HOUSES FOR MODERN HOMES = = = BY E. S. CHILD, Architect = re ips Bred = A collection of designs of houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged = ie oo ediate = _ with modern comforts, and with the completeness of 20th Century. From $4,000 = = to $30,000. Written and illustrated by author. Price, $2.00. = = COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES = = BY WM. DEWSNABP, Architect = = A collection of interior and exterior perspective sketches and floor plans, for up- = = to-date houses in the Colonial, artistic and other styles. Paper, oblong. Price, $1.50. = = MODERN HOMES = = BY JACOB WIND, Jr. = = This collection of house designs gives many attractive one and two-story build- = = ings, together with plans, and descriptions of same. Those desiring to build will = = find much suggestive matter in it. Oblong, paper. Price, 50 Cents. = = APARTMENT HOUSES = — = Special number of the “‘Architects’ and Builders’ Magazine,’’? devoted to = Design No. 405—Book No. 3 = Apartment House, illustrating many late designs for this class of houses together == = with floor plans. Price, 50 Cents. = ARE YOU A es oe = DUPLEX APARTMENT HOUSES = || SPRING BUILDER? = This number of the “‘Architects’ and Builders’ Magazine’? shows a number of = You Need Our Books = designs, with floor plans and some interiors, with descriptive letterpress. Price, == ele asa ee a Se = 50 Cents : 5 7 > = || THEYRE FILLED WITH PRACTICAL = : = IDEAS AND MONEY-SAVING PLANS = FLATS, URBAN HOUSES AND COTTAGE HOMES = No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000 _..... $ .50 —= EDITED BY W. SHAW SPARROW = No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000...... 1.00 = oe é : ; a : = No. 8. 25 Concrete Residences...........00.0000.2000 1.00 = Containing a large collection of suggestive designs, with introductory notes on = Books Sent Prepaid on Receipt of Price = the designing of Flats, and a number of plates in color, together with floor plans == Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects = Buckram, net price, $3.00. = SCHENECTADY, N. Y. = THE MODERN HOME = WE ENTER LARGE COMPETITIONS = BY WALTER SHAW SPARROW = FOR ANY TYPE BUILDING = This book illustrates the English Home of to-day, with chapters on interiors, fur- = = niture, wall-papers and other decorative essentials. 29 plates in color, 71 in black = and white from the designs of many of the prominent English Architects. Buckram, == = inet price, $3.00. = = A BOOK ON COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE, ENTITLED = = AMERICAN RENAISSANCE = = BY JOY WHEELER DOW, Architect = = A review of domestic architecture, illustrated by ninety-six half-tone plates. = = This book is a carefully prepared history of American Architecture from Colonial == = days, illustrated in the most elaborate manner. One large 8vo volume; cloth; gilt = = top. Price, $4.00. = = RUMFORD FIREPLACES AND HOW THEY ARE MADE = = = BY G. CURTIS GILLESPIE, M.E., Architect = "THE most modern, and best illuminating and = Containing Benjamin, Count of Rumford’s essay on “‘Proper Fireplace Con- = ._, cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, = struction.”” Nearly 200 illustrations, including the original Rumford drawings, = : ee y iene tectap eRe = diagrams for fireplace construction and numerous ancient and modern mantels. = Aare Fafeanlin advance B eciPance aurea = One 12mo volume; illuminated cover. Price, $2.00. = Gacbed hectettvater fon baikendicalinery purposes = SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, SAMPLE = heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- = OF THE “ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ MAGAZINE” = ing or power engine in most efficient and economical = 4 = manner —also makes brilliant illumination. = Published Monthly at $2.00 a Year and Circular of Students and = MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- — Draftsmen Library Club = TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. = — — — — — ———SSSSSSS>S>>S>>S>SaaSamanaaoaan>naoESDSDS—E—SSESESES=S=S=SSSe=SeSSSS———————————————————— = Send for Catalogue and Proposition. = V V I Oi F I A M be Cc O M S TO @ K 9 Publish er = pow Price Better than Gir Gas or lilbe: = 23 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK = toe erms tricity and at Less ost. Y SJ CNN NAAAAAAAAANAAAA AN UAOAAA AA STTTAOOAOAUOAOOOOOOOOAOOOOOOOOOOOOOQGUOUOOOOOUOUUOOOOOQQUUUOOOOOOOOUUOOOOUUUUIEEEELINS C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Is Our Latest Pattern ALL STEEL RAIL AND HANGER FRAME Le ! l , | Ke A ) @ The simplest and cheapest SSI Hanger, that can’t jump the track and allows the door to swing outward a considerable distance without cramping either Track or Hanger. LANE BROS. CO. 434.466 PROSPECT STREET POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY GUARANTEE LABELS Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously translated in practice. Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the leadership of Wolff design. L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. Established 1855 {-—=—=———<—$a <—$<—$<—$— ——_——————— MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The only complete line made by any one firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE STREET SHOWROOMS: 91 DEARBORN STREET | CHICAGO DENVER TRENTON BRANCH OFFICES Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Buffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street GRAFTING FOR BOYS By E. P. Powell T IS getting to be difficult, anywhere about | the country, to secure the services of a com- petent grafter. Fifty years ago the Connec- ticut pioneers, moving westward, carried the art with them. It was very seldom that a New England boy of ten could not graft apple trees. Each family took from the old home lot a few scions of Spitzenburg and Swaar and Pound Sweet, so that in this way the choicest New England fruit was soon to be obtained all along the pioneering route through New York, Ohio and Michigan. I do not understand en- tirely why this has become a lost art, the art of putting the best fruit into seedling trees. It is very likely that it has come about from the fact that we can buy from nurserymen grafted trees. It is true, however, that our very best way to secure a good orchard is to grow seed- lings, and graft them ourselves. It is a simple affair, and our boys ought to be taught the art, together with a good deal more agricultural information and practise in our schools. We shall come to that after awhile, but for the present I urge upon every country dweller to have a little nursery for the raising of good stock. When the young apple trees have grown to about five feet, eliminate every scabby tree and those which show signs of lack of vitality, or ability to resist the frost. Selecting the best, teach your boys to insert the scions by cleft grafting. This kind of work interests the lads and makes home life a good deal more entertaining. After a little practise you will find a passion for collecting and pre- serving choice novelties in the fruit line that would otherwise be lost. ‘These seedlings are making themselves useful in localities every- where, and are appreciated by the neighbor- hood. Many of them ought to be multiplied and distributed to the people at large. When your children have learned this art, they can apply it to roses and shrubs quite as readily as to fruit. Budding is but little more difficult. Grafting and budding are based on the fact that the cells of a scion will determine the char- acter of a fruit on a grafted limb—that is for the most part. It is quite true, however, that the stock will also more or less modify the scion. Here comes in a nice problem for the young grafter, and he will soon be trying to improve sorts, and grow better kinds of apples and pears. Inarching is a form of grafting, where two plants stand near together, and you wish to multiply the one at the expense of the other. Draw over the limb that you wish to propagate, and where it touches the other stalk insert it in a clean cut that will just admit it. ‘Tie the branch there firmly for a few weeks and you will find that a union has taken place. Skilful horticulturists practice over one hundred different ways of grafting and budding. Now what I am at is to encourage the boys and the girls also to practice this art, and to get so familiar with it that they will devise new methods themselves. It is also excellent discipline, because it requires exactness and precision of workmanship. If this business of grafting is carried out scientifically and studiously it will constitute a good big chapter of education for the young fellow. Of course he understands very easily that his work is intended to propagate a variety that will not come true from seed. If he sows his pear seeds from a Sheldon, they will give him all sorts of new things; but if he inserts a scion of Sheldon in a wild stock he gets Sheldon. Only there is, every time, a little modification, and just how much modifi- cation he can make in the way of improvement is a problem for him. He knows that he can not graft apples into maples, or he ought to veraft a plum into a peach, or a peach into a know it, but just how wide this possibility of uniting species goes he must find out. He can December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v graft a plum into a peach, or a peach into a plum, or into an apricot; but an apple graft will almost never unite with a pear stock, and if it does will not develop freely. Plants of different genera are not sure to unite, even in the same family. Here is a good big field for the boy to investigate. He will find his pears growing in quince bushes, but he will not find his apples growing in the same bushes. It is hard to tell why, because they are all in the Rosaceze family. He has a lot more to learn along this line, and a good many problems that are not yet solved are open before him. ON WATERPROOFING CONCRETE Cc) ACCOUNT of the number of in- quiries received from correspondents as to methods of waterproofing cement blocks or monolithic concrete, the Sci- entific American has been investigating what is being done in the way of improvement of ex- isting methods. The Concrete Association of America has conducted a valuable series of experiments and distributes its findings free of charge in a pub- lic-spirited manner, but the results obtained are largely negative. Some preparations are found to be effective under certain conditions, but none hitherto has been found to be equally reliable with all mix- tures and under all circumstances. The need and requirements of external paint for concrete, if only to counteract the variable porosity which cannot be avoided un- less the personal equation in concrete mixing is eliminated, is so well put in a paper read be- fore the recent convention of the American Society for Testing Materials, by Mr. G. D. White, that we quote a part of it by permis- sion: “Unless extreme care is exercised in the preparation, mixing, and workmanship of con- crete for solid or reinforced work, which is not always commercially possible, the resultant concrete is not impermeable, or at least not uniformly impermeable to water or moisture. Where perfect materials have been used with perfect workmanship, we have another difh- culty, another problem to solve. Concrete is a non-conductor of heat. It is, naturally, a cold-blooded animal. ‘The difference in tem- perature between the concrete wall and the atmosphere (the warmer the day the greater the difference in temperature) causes a con- densation of moisture on the surface. This is annoying, and a detriment to health in living and office rooms; a loss of room or loss by damage in storerooms and warehouses; an ob- jection in any building, no matter what its na- ture or purpose. “Hollow concrete blocks, tiles, brick, etc., have various defects. They are not only porous but capillary positive, and thus absorb moisture from 5 to 40 per cent. of their own weight. Due to rain and snow, walls built of these materials become water-soaked, and remain soaked for varying lengths of time. During certain seasons of the year, and espe- cially in some sections of our country, they re- main soaked for months. “The fact that dry walls are essential to health and comfort is generally known, and so well appreciated that the question of dampness has been a restraining agent to a much larger and more extensive use of concrete by the building trades of this and other countries. “The tendency to stain, the frequence of efflorescence, and difference in color due to difference in materials and to intermissions in concrete are defects of a less serious nature. “A drawback that includes concrete in all forms is the uninviting, unattractive color. Replace our buildings of marble, of terra cotta, of granite, of wood handsomely deco- rated, with buildings of concrete, and note the contrast. The dirty gray of ordinary cement rae woes. The Rqurtan,y Live ASsuRAXCE Societe Intelligently, Thoroughly, Honestly Done This testimony to the character of the work of the Davey tree experts is typical of the hundreds aeons to have deen intelligently, thorely and hovestly cheerfully given by patrons. The supreme test of any accomplish- ment is its endurance—its per- manent benefits, as measured by the passing seasons. Note par- ticularly that this typical expres sion as to the results of its prac- Tours = tical application 1s the Verdict on Davey Tree Surgery After the Test of Years Compared with the partial success, often amounting to real failure, of the ‘‘tree doctors,’’ so called, who have entered the work with so little appreciation of its significance or requirements. The completely efficient work of the Davey tree experts is not difficult toexplain when the foundations of the Davey methods are clearly understood. “Our Wounded Friends, the Trees’ — The Davey Book of Why and How tells in full the fascinating story ‘of the glorious fruition of the life-werk of John Davey,—too expensive for indiscriminate’ distribution, will be mailed free to any owner of trees who writes forit to Desk 2 , THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY (Operating Dabey’s School of Practical Forestry) KENT, OHIO Dear Giri~ Replying to yours of tha 9th Lnatey K would say that years ago you 414 eae work on my trece = several tundred of thes - anf 1 have had work done by other people on these and other Urtea, Your work, after the years Put have elepeed, done. JOHN DAVEY Father of Tree Surgery THe Garben Lover's Girt THE GARDEN CALENDAR for 1910, by EllenP. Williams, is the gift for every garden lover. Here alone can you get the information you wish about your roses, your shrubs, your annuals, your perennials, your trees, and everything in and about your lawn, just when you want it. Thatisthecompelling _ feature of THE GARDEN CALENDAR. Yougetwhat you want, just when you want it. There isn’t any searching through hidden volumes to learn how to make your peonies bloom, how to keep the rust from your roses, how to outwit nature even and make everything do its best. It’s here in THE GARDEN CALENDAR on the very day when you need the advice. Order a copy to-day. To be had at the leading book and stationery stores; or mailed by the publishers in a box, price postage paid $1.00. ASK FOR A CIRCULAR OF ALL OUR CALENDARS THE FRANKLIN PRINTING C0., 526 Ludlow St., Phila. Full size 73414 inches Illustration by Emlen McConnell REFUSE RECEIVERS and GARBAGE RECEIVERS te Don’t Be Knocked Over By Stenches from Backyard Debris Why not look up the Stephenson Method? Seven years on the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by insallns THE STEPHENSON Underground Garbage Receiver prevents the swill from freezing Eee Underfloor Refuse Receiver for ashes — aa ee TIN Underground Earth Closets for Camps Portable Metal Houses for Above yedde ane Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two High-class Bathroom Accessories SOLD DIRECT. Send for Circular on each Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg., 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Massachusetts WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF RUSTIC WORK that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic finish to the country place. Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment make up the illustrations. ever brought out. plates. One dollar each. MUNN & CO., INC., LOW-COST SUBURBAN HOMES A Practical Guide for Prospective Home-Builders This book contains 90 illustrations of plans and photographs of houses which have been successfully built at a cost ranging from $1,000 to $10,000, with de- scriptive articles and an estimate of the cost of most houses described. Only the newest and best have been selected. General views of exteriors, diagrams ofinteriors, interior decorations and furnishings, and full construction plans Only Most Eminent Architects Are Contributors If You’re Planning to Build—If You Need Ideas on How toImprove Your Home SEND FOR THIS BOOK. The Cost Is Nominal. McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., Dep’t L, 6 WEST 29TH ST., NEW YORK Cottage Designs By far the most complete collection of plans Illustrated with full-page Sold separately. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Art Paper Cover, Price, 25 cents postpaid Art Vellum Cloth Cover, Price, 50 cents postpaid No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500. No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES Upward of twenty-five designs, costing from $1,000 to $3,000. No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000. No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES Twenty selected designs, costing from about $3,000 upward. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 oo Cross section showing con- struction of 1%s inch door. i The Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and || by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. “rae The name “Morgan” is branded on each door. Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic Economy Gas Machine b Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘‘ The Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. Most economical, healthful and sat- isfactory—for old or new houses, different patterns to match furnish- ings. Outwear carpets. Stocks car- ried in the leading cities, HARDWOOD ein on ornamental THICK OR THIN. Write for LOORS ..:8% CATALOGUE THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO.== INDIANAPOLIS Shetland Ponies An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. Make an ideal Christmas gift. S fe. Inexpensive to keep, Highest type. Many champions. Stallions and mares for breeding. Complete outfits. Our we aot beautifully illustrated free catalogue tells al] about them BELLE MEADE FAR Dept. W. Markham, Va, CUNCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA ° are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction, in our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,’” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. BRISTOL’S RECORDING THERMOMETERS make continuous records of atmos- heric temperatures, and are designed or both indoor and outdoor tempera- SS SS \ e e tures. Send for new catalogues. | Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. | Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. NEw YORK ranches CHICAGO Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Marylands eres SR aa ce / See erersserremrsecommmmmre ETtE Its Chemistry, Manufacture C&, Use Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses the testing of cement. Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an article by Prof William K. Hatt giving an his- torical sketch of slag cement, Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and com- position, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a physico-chemical standpoint. Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the Edison Portland cement works, describing the machinery used. Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with materials which retard the activity of Portland cement, Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a resumé of the cemient industry and gives some valuable formulae. Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L, Stone is the author. Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry ot the U. S. Any ene of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York Which Price Do You Pay? $15 or $7.50? This Morris Chair in Quartered White Oak costs you tbe high price — at any store —you save half or more buying direct from our factory ‘in sections’ ready to fasten and stain. Choice of seven finishes. T Over One Hundred other handsome pieces in our new catalogue Write for it to-day Formerly International Mifg. Co. COME-PACKT FURNITURE CO.,1239 Edwin St., Ann Arbor, Mich. - SECTIONAL ‘COME-PACK cr Le res Cattle Manure in Bags ‘Putverised Best and safest manure for florists and greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, no danger. Write for circular and prices. a The Pulverized Manure Co. == 21 Unien Stock Yards, Chicago. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari- ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii or concrete becomes monotonous to the ob- server even where there is but a sprinkling of concrete among buildings of more pleasing con- struction. “Tf to the strength, cheapness, durability, and fire-resisting properties of concrete can be added impermeability to moisture and decora- tion, we will have a building material as nearly perfect as the world has ever seen, and this within the means of every builder. “In recognition of this fact, various con- cerns and individuals have placed on the mar- ket and recommend as a solution to the prob- lem, various treatments and coatings. “For the sake of convenience, I will divide these into four classes. In my investigation of the various treatments and materials included in these classes, I have endeavored to be un- prejudiced, and to give to each its true worth and full value. “T. Waterproofing Compounds in Liquid or Powdered Form, Mixed with the Concrete in Its Preparation. “This is a help in that it lessens and retards, in a measure, the moisture-absorbing tendency of concrete. It fails in the desired attainment for the following reasons: “Improper distribution, which is difficult of regulation. “When properly distributed, it does not ren- der concrete entirely impervious to moisture. “Tt has a tendency to weaken the tensile strength of concrete. “Tt does not decorate. “The increase in value is not proportionate with the increase in cost. “It deteriorates with age, that is, a concrete block containing the waterproofing compound, on the first application of water will absorb certain varying quantities. On subsequent ap- plications, allowing the block to dry in each instance, larger quantities are absorbed. “TI. Treatments Preparatory to the Use of Linseed-oil Paints. “Treatments in various forms have been advanced and recommended by some of our leading master painters, and endorsed by most able research chemists. For the sake of brev- ity, I have included in my paper but three of these treatments: (a) Hydrochloric or muri- atic-acid wash; (4) a wash consisting of a so- lution of zinc sulphate and water; (c) a wash consisting of ammonium carbonate and water. “From a chemical standpoint, muriatic acid, no matter in what strength, nor what the char- acter of the concrete, is not only useless as a remedy, but detrimental in its action. Master painters who have endeavored to put it in prac- tice have discovered to their sorrow a con- firmation or a demonstration of the chemical theory. “Theory favors and practical tests confirm as the best adapted to the purpose, the former of the two latter methods.” The author proceeds to give the chemical reactions of these various washes with the con- crete ingredients, and shows’ in a convincing manner the reasons why they fail in their de- sired object. He adds: “The treatment with zinc sulphate or am- monium carbonate, even though successful, does not ofter a solution to the problem, be- cause a linseed-oil paint is unsuited for either exterior or interior painting of concrete. “The gloss robs the surface of the appearance of stone or masonry. Linseed oil has water- absorbing and lacks water-resisting properties. It can not be applied over a damp or wet sur- face, which means that following a rainstorm or rainy season, a painter must wait weeks and perhaps months before he can commence work on or complete a contract already begun. “TII. Colorless Liquid Coatings. “Certain of these may be of some value or service in retarding moisture absorption and efflorescence, but they are all alike found lack- ing in the following respects: We borrowed this dance From the days of the past And the wonder grows as we dance it— How they kept up the pace And the strength of the race without Uneeda Biscuit The Soda Cracker that makes the Nation strong. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY Complimentary Portfolio of Color Plates Notable Examples of INEXPENSIVE DECORATION AND FURNISHING “The House Beautiful” is an illustrated monthly magazine, which gives you the world’s best authority on every feature of making the home beautiful. It is invaluable for either mansion or cottage. It shows as you wherein taste goes farther than money. Its teachings have z~; (jf saved costly furnishings from being vulgar; and on the other “4 hand, thousands of inexpensive houses are exquisite examples of superb taste from its advice. It presents its information. ° interestingly and in a very plain, practical way. Everything::: is illustrated. : Seay _(/ THEHOUS (| BEAUTIFUL \ PORTFOLIO The House Beautiful is a magazine which no woman in- terested in the beauty of her home can afford to be without. It is full of suggestions for house building, house decorating and furnishing, and is equally valuable for people of large or small income. ELLEN M. HENROTIN, Ex. Pres. Nat. Federation of Women’s Clubs. Its readers all say it is a work remark- ably worthy, thorough and useful. The magazine costs $2.50 a year. But to have you test its value for $1.00, \ “WN we will send you the current number and = The House Beautiful Portfolio gratis, on receipt of the Five Months’ Trial Subserip- tion Coupon. The Portfolio is a collection of color plates and others of rooms in which good taste rather than lavish outlay has produced charming effects. The portfolio alone is a prize which money cannot ordina- rily purchase. Enclose $1.00 with the coupon filled out and send to Dept. 249. > HERBERT S. STONE, Publisher of ‘‘The House Beautiful” »~~ viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Frank Cotter, Architect e Charm of a Country Home depends a great deal on the relation of the house and Cement. This is the name of a brand which has quality the grounds to the landscape. and, therefore, gives quality in construction. To give this quality stone has been used, but there Good concrete was never made with poor cement. is a material more easily worked than stone and cheaper, Poor concrete was never made with Atlas Cement. which has the same character, and that material is Standard, uniform, pure are the qualities of concrete. The most popular building material today for the country place is concrete. It is brought to the grounds in the shape of sand, gravel, cement and water, and man- ufactured on the spot into stone, producing a house all in one piece. PORTLAND Such a house cannot burn, is cool in summer, warm C EM ENT in winter, permanent, lasting and durable, and in the hands of the right architect has a charm of form in the contrast of the cement with the green foliage, which cannot be equaled by any other material. To insure success, however, be sure which is made in the plants having the largest output in the world, and which supply the cement for use on the Panama Canal. Concrete Construction about the Home and the F. - - = = <7. © Free that the cement used is Atlas Portland Some books (¢. onthe Farms | Cattases Mis . Large Houses S oO H : p for JOUur aoe Vol. Il. Small Houses - - 1.08 If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to in uf ormation « Concretelin Highway/Coustucuen eae ee d THE ATLAS porttann CEMENT company (delivery charge) DEPT. 10,30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 5 Concrete in Railroad (Construction 4 Concrete Cottages- - - = Pate carat oe aay, cou canneny tna word. Co ncrete Country Residences Over 50,000 barrels per day A =< =< (Out of print) December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS JUST PUBLISHED Three New Instructive Books SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture BY RALPH C. DAVISON 12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental 1S work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up shapes. The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. They are entitled: I, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; IIL., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV., Plaster Molds for Objects Having Curved Outlines; V., Combination of Casting and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; VI., Glue Molds; VII., Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs with Same; VIII., Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Concrete Benches; XII., Concrete Fences; XIII., Miscellaneous, In- cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. The first two chapters explain a most unique and original method of working pottery which has been developed by the author. The chapter on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this class of work. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has explained each progressive step in the various operations Price, $1.50 Postpaid A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. Handy Man’s Workshop and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- BH fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks” as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : L., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIIL., The Handy Sportsman ; 1X., Model Toy Flying Machines. The Scientific American Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An Ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the Holidays HIS book is a sequel to “‘ The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand fh copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy’’ so popular and interesting to the boy. ( It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter IJ., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A ‘Pedal Paddle-Boat”’; Chapter VIII., Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXIT., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII, The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXYII., Geyser Fountain. MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 The Only Cutter 2° ,2eusgree ies ’ that feeding cu: green bone isthe only cer- That Cuts Bone « tain method of getting lots ofeggs. It hasbeen prov- Across the Grain cannes le ing value. Itisfiner and is more readily assimilat- ed by the hens than bone prepared any other w pes = S3 ~ me © STANDARD Al Bone Cutter - Sent on 10 days’ free trial. § wi) 11sizes. Many new improve- J ments. Write for catalogue. q Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FA1300 66 NE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO SPECIAL OFFER to een BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES al WINDOW VENTILAT- LOCK. A Safeguard for Veneers Rooms. Pure Air, ), Good Health and Rest Assured! To introduce this article, Four jij lI) Ventilating Locks in Genuine { Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- | per Finish will be mailed to any address prepaid for On Dollar. Will include a forty page Hardware Catalogue and }j = Working Model to carpenters who wish the agency to can- vass for its sale. Address The H. B. Ives Oo New HAVEN, ey I: RS gand Prices tF.E. Myers & Bro.; ct Ashland, Ohlo £. HAY Eee TOOLS i uinrs / I | PATENTED ae, Kiln dried and eee No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature bustle For garden, ag lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. $4. 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. Delivered to your Freight Station. Apply now. The Pulverized Manure Co.,28Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, EUGENE PITOU, Jr. CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY NEW YORK Telephone, 6084 Barclay “BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” telJs the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect. Shows bow to improve YOUR property FREE. Write to-day. ON Enlie eee een 2 To secure the q richest and most i ah mei LN (C ANAT (iN durable effects in ARTISTIC AWOODBFINISHES wood-finishing use WW Send for Free Booklet, edition AH-12 S. C. JOHNSON & SON, “The Wood- Finishing Authorities’ RACINE, WIS. BURLINGTON "xiii." BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN Venetian Blind for q Equal 500 miles inside window and northward. Perfect i] Sliding Blinds outdoor veranda. : for inside use. Any wood; any privacy with doors Require no Bote be natch Cui. and windows open. pockets. Any Darkness and breezes wood; any Snish, in sleeping rooms. a WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.. 339 Lake St.. Burlington, Vermont THE WEALTH )OF NATIONS PATENT GIVES you an exclusive right to your invention for aterm of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience enables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the proba- ble patentability of your invention. Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application MUNN & COMPANY ~& ~& Solicitors of Patents Branch Office Main Office 625 F Street, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A. RUSSELL BOND J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. JN STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from A affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. M U N N & CO OD Inc. “ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” 361 Broadway, New York 2020 December, 1909 rs, LE ) . A New Volume A A A new volume—the fifth—of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS begins with the number for January, 1910; a new volume filled with new houses and new ideas; a new volume of helpfulness to our readers, and, we trust, of renewed co-operation with our friends. Many notable plans are under way to make the new volume of even greater practical helpfulness than any preceding volume has been. There are twelve monthly issues in each vol- ume; you will want every one of these. Colonial House The residence of L. F. Rhoades at Nutley, N. J., is adequately described by Robert Prescott. esting house of unusual merit and is fully described It is an inter- and illustrated in every part. House in Illinois Henry Hawley describes the highly interesting residence of Henry W. Schultz at Kenilworth, Il. The architect was George W. Maher, who has done much valuable and original work in the West. Photographs and plans give a thoroughly complete presentation of this interesting house. Furnishing the Flat A Lillian Hamilton French begins a brief series of helpful papers on furnishing the flat, with a study of the hall. Miss French has had wide experience in this kind of work, and her series, which will be continued through several successive numbers, is bound to attract wide attention. Nothing if not practical, Miss French is thorough mistress of the art of household arrangement. Her articles are stimulating and suggestive in a very high degree and will be copiously illustrated. Prize Garden The garden awarded the second prize in the Garden Competition, recently conducted by AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS, is one of the special features of the number. The garden is one designed and planted by Charles D. Davies at his home in Englewood, N. J. It is a quiet homelike garden of unpretending beauty, and should be especially attractive to the owners of small places. A plan, giving the details of the planting as well as numerous photographs, accompany the description pre- pared by Mr. Davies. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x] American Homes and Gardens for January A Tuxedo Home The very lovely home of the Rev. Canon George William Douglass, D.D., at Tuxedo, New York, is the This house, which has long been considered one of the finest and most stately homes of Tuxedo, has never before been illustrated and subject of the opening article. described. The magazine has been fortunate to obtain exclusive photographs of this charming mountain home, which Barr Ferree has described in a thoroughly compe- tent article. It is a house well worth gaining the inti- mate acquaintance with which these photographs and Mr. Ferree’s article give to the reader. Some Eastern Houses Francis Durando Nichols, whose work is well known to the readers of the Magazine, contributes a useful paper on some recent dwellings in the Eastern United States erected at moderate cost. [hey are houses of interest, too, and dwellings well worth knowing about. The article is abundantly illustrated with exteriors, interiors and plans, and is a very complete review of an interesting group of low-priced houses. * Marine Mosaic Marine mosaic is the art of creating decorative pictures with sea-shells and pebbles. It is an interesting and fascinating handicraft, the processes of which are not well known. W. Cole Brigham writes interestingly on this subject, tells what marine mosaic is, and shows some fine photographs of beautiful results. The article opens up a new chapter in domestic art. Flowers All the Year Round Not every one can have fresh flowers all the year round, but S. Leonard Bastin undertakes to describe a process whereby this delightful result may be accomplished with comparative ease. It is a simple matter; easy to do and recommended as highly successful when carried out. There is no secret about it—read the article and find out how it is done. Damaskeening, Inlaying and Blending Metals A new process for damaskeening, inlaying and blending metals is described by Amos Bradley Simpson, and will be found of great interest to lovers of metal work. The technical processes are described, as well as the results arrived at. The illustrations are of unusual beauty and interest. Xi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 = a CAO CAF FS @ CASO CIID CBO CID CATO OCATIO CAO CID OCAIOCZIODG Holiday Suggestions in Useful Books MAGIC STAGE ILLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC DIVERSIONS, INCLUDING TRICK PHOTOGRAPHY Compiled and Edited by ALBERT A. HOPKINS With an Introduction by Henry Ridgely Evans 8vo. 568 Pages. 420 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid ©: unique work appeals to the professional and amateur x alike and will prove a welcome addition to any library. It is the acknowledged standard work on magic. ‘The illusions are illustrated by the highest class of engravings, and are all explained in detail, showing exactly how the tricks are performed. Great attention is paid to the exposes of large and important illusions, in many cases furnished by the prestidigitateurs themselves. Conjuring is not neglected, a selection of some of the best known of these tricks having been made. The work cannot fail to be of interest to young and old, and there is hardly anyone who is in anyway in- terested in either science or magic to whom it will not appeal. It is beautifully printed and attractively bound. An illustrated circular and table of contents will be sent on application. EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE By GEORGE M. HOPKINS Twenty-fifth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged 1,100 Pages, over 900 Illustrations Lwo Octavo Volumes; Price in Cloth, $5.00; Half Morocco, $7.00, Postpaid HIS book treats on the various topics of physics in a popu- lar and practical way. It describes the apparatus in detail, and explains the experiments in full, so that teachers, students and others interested in physics may readily make the apparatus without expense, and perform the experiments without difficulty. The aim of the writer has been to render physical ex- perimentation so simple and attractive as to induce both old and young to engage in it for pleasure and profit. All intelligent persons should have at least an elementary knowledge of physics to enable them to understand and appreciate what is going on in = the world. This can be acquired by reading “Experimental Science.” As a gift from em- ployer to employee, from parent to child, from student to teacher, nothing could be more appropriate or acceptable. It is the most thoroughly illustrated work ever published on Experimental Physics, and its unprecedented sale shows conclusively that it is the book of the age for teachers, students, experimenters, and all others who desire a general knowledge of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Illustrated and descriptive circular on application. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND r2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. O™ is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording enter- tainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for build- ing the various articles. The needs of the boy camper are sup- plied by the directions for making tramping outfits, sleeping-bags and tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snow-shoes and skis, besides ice-boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a pe- culiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘“rennwolf.” Among the more instructive subjects covered are surveying, wigwagging, helio- graphing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple cantilever bridge, are described. The. Scientific American Cyclopedia of Receipts, Notes and Queries In Three Bindings. Price, Cloth, $5; Sheep, $6; Half Morocco, rae AN $6.50, Post paid. Tn Tt al yer Ox is a careful compilation of the most useful receipts guint Sein ip ae @) : ; ; ; @) é which have appeared in the Scientific American for more COFEDIA "foion than half a century. Over 15,000 selected formulas are here collected, nearly every branch of the useful arts being represented. It is the most complete volume on the subject of receipts ever pub- lished. It has been used by chemists, technologists and those un- familiar with the arts with equal success, and has demonstrated that itis a book which is useful in the laboratory, factory or home. An al- phabetical arrangement, with abundant cross-references, makes it an easy work to consult. The Appendix contains the very latest formulas as wellas 41 tables of weights and measures and a dictionary of chem- ical synonyms. A full table of contents will be sent on application. Home Mechanics for Amateurs By GEORGE M. HOPKINS, Author of “Experimental Science” 12m0, 370 Pages, 320 Illustrations. Price, $1.50, Postpaid. © HE book deals with wood- working, household ornaments, metal- working, lathe work, metal spinning, silver working; ‘making model engines, boilers ‘and water motors ; making telescopes, micro- scopes and meteorological instruments, electrical chimes, cabinets, bells, night lights, dynamos and motors, electric light, and an electrical fur- nace. A thoroughly practical book by the most noted amateur experi- menter in America. For the boy and the more mature amateur. Holi- days and evenings can be profitably occupied by making useful articles for the home or in building small engines or motors or scientific in- struments. Table of contents furnished on application. MUNN & CO. Inc., Publishers, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CASS) CEO CSO CEFO COE SHO GSFOGSTOCSPOGLOD “They serve to emphasize any defects in, or difference in color of, concrete construction. “They impart to concrete a soggy, water- soaked appearance. “They do not render impermeable to mois- ture for any length of time. “They do not decorate.” Under his fourth heading Mr. White sum- marizes paints for concrete, with the practical conclusion that there are none which fulfil all the requirements of a severe list which he gives. ‘The principal of these are that it must be applicable to a wet surface and at the same time waterproof when set; it must be applica- ble to the concrete without previous treatment of the latter, durable, economical, and pleasing to the eye, must act as a bond between concrete and a plaster coat, and remain hard in the presence of water, in addition to possessing all the qualifications of ordinary paint such as working well under the brush, filling voids and leveling up irregularities of surface. Although Mr. White did not say in his paper that he knew of any satisfactory paint, we have reason to believe that he has been in- strumental in the production of one, or at least that it has been developed with a special view to fulfilling the requirements outlined in his paper. We have recently seen tests and the results of long-continued tests, of a paint called Ce- menthide, which seems to fulfil all the exact- ing conditions above referred to. At a cement-block factory in Newark, N. J., a part of the process consists of the curing of the newly made blocks by subjecting them to steam for thirty-six hours, accelerating their setting and providing a much more constant and uniform supply of moisture to the cement than can be obtained by spraying. For this purpose two curing rooms are used, each of which is opened to be emptied and re- filled on alternate days, the steam being turned off in the morning and on again at night. The steam is therefore continuously applied to the interior of the walls for 36 hours out of every 48. The rooms themselves are built of con- crete blocks, and were formerly constantly saturated with moisture. It was evident from the outside which room was filled with steam from a thin film of moisture trickling down the exterior of the walls, which had to be drained away. Six months ago the interior was painted with two coats of Cementhide, and now there is no evidence of moisture on the outside of the walls, while the interior has a smooth, hard surface differing little from that of well-fin- ished cement except in its pleasant color. Blocks made identically as possible from one batch of concrete have been tested under vary- ing conditions, one plain and the other painted. The unpainted block was found to vary in weight with the water, absorbing it according to the amount present in the atmosphere or from the ground, while the weight of the painted block varied not at all. Blocks painted in a variety of pleasing colors have been left exposed to sun, rain, and wind for months without being apparently affected. Concrete painted with this material takes a plaster coat better than natural concrete, both concrete and plaster adhering to the paint more firmly than they do to each other. It has even been shown that the rise of moisture by capillarity in mon- olithic concrete set in moist ground is stopped by a coat of Cementhide between the top of the underground concrete and the masonry or other concrete continuation upward of the wall. The paint has a dull finish not unlike the concrete itself, but smoother and of any color desired, and appears to remain hard and to preserve the surface of the concrete indefi- nitely. One can not imagine a more severe test in any ordinary building than that imposed at the block factory above mentioned, and it would seem that this paint should have wide- spread possibilities when it is sufficiently in- troduced on the market. AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION: ‘The First Prize Garden. Lily Pond beneath the Trees MoNTHLY CoMMENT—Art and Household Decoration AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION. The First Garden Prize of One Hundred Dollars Won by Charles J. Pilling, Esq., Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. . THE CRAFT OF HAMMERING AND PIERCING METAL By Mabel Tuke Priestman SoME WESTERN Homes—Costing from Four to Six Thousand Dollars. By Francis Durando Nichols CoNCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How to Make Tuem—IV. A Concrete By Ralph C. Davison Tue INTERIOR DETAILS OF THE BUNGALOW AND ITs FURNISHINGS. By Kate Greenleaf Locke MAKING SOIL By E. P. Powell 481 Homes oF AMERICAN ARTISTS—‘‘Fleetwood,”’ the Residence of Robert V. V. Sewell, A.N.A., Oyster Bay, Long Island By Barr Ferree 482 COLONIAL FIREPLACES AND FIRE-IRONS By Mary H. Northend 488 CORRESPONDENCE: PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg xiii Largest Olive Ranch in the World Drop Light Made from an Oil Lamp On Waterproofing Concrete Grafting for Boys Garden Notes New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign» countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Camada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copynight, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.) NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible fer manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The lily pond beneath the trees The first prize garden. Homes and Gardens Garden Competition ican Amer AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VI December, 1909 Number 12 American Homes and Gardens Garden Competition: The first prize garden, Pond borders and shrubbery 456 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Monthly Comment Art and Household Decoration MNOUSEHOLD decoration is a very broad iL term that does not need to be exaggerated to include practically everything that helps to make the house interesting. If it does not include the structure and material of the walls, it at least embraces their color; it is concerned with carpets, rugs, hang- ings and draperies; the furniture forms an important prob- lem to be solved by its laws; in a word, it sums up every- thing that enters into the grace and beauty and interest of the interior. This being the case, it would seem a natural and orderly proceeding that this highly important matter should receive the utmost consideration from every house- holder, and should be treated with the same respect that is given to the exterior design, the arrangement of the plan or the hygienic character of the sanitation. As a matter of fact and of practise, it is either not considered at all, or it is left to individual ‘“‘taste,” or the whole dwelling is turned over to professional decorators, furnishers or up- holsterers, and the owner receives it ‘‘complete” from the hands of his contractors. 7 @ eH eG | 5 => JENS 'S ea AND a very good way the last is, too, particularly if you do not happen to possess any idea of your own, or if those you have are absolutely untranslatable into the complex language of household art. It is the safest way, too, for many people, and undeniably the most profitable for the fortunate firm that receives the contract. Under the guise of real art the most expensive devices and the most costly materials are rolled, lugged and carried into the house, fastened to the walls, stood around the rooms and applied everywhere. The victim gazes in an awestricken manner at his bills for velvet and brocade, and is very certain that only the “realest” things in art can be supplied at such altitudinous prices. Ir 1s unfair, however, to suggest that the professional household decorator is undesirable and a person to be avoided. On the contrary, he fills a noble and useful pur- pose in the household art of to-day. He has, it is to be presumed, been trained in his profession; he has had ex- perience in the furnishing of houses and is able to distinguish between the good and the bad without any hesitation. In most cases he is able to do his work very much better than the owner of the house; he will give better results and yield better satisfaction. In very many cases he is not only worth what he costs, but is a positive economy. He has done much work, and much excellent work in creat- ing a true art character in the home, and has established himself as a member of an important, helpful, beneficial and admirable profession. But if he falls from grace, it is in the household of the rich. It seems impossible to resist the temptation of sup- plying the most costly things for the most costly houses. Often he cannot help himself, for this will be precisely what his wealthy client demands. Unable to exhibit his wealth by papering his walls with banknotes, stocks or bonds, he orders that a plentiful supply of these useful articles be translated into costly bronzes, marbles, velvets, brocades, rugs, furniture and bric-a-brac, and then tries to make himself as comfortable as he can amid these splendid surroundings. Often, no doubt, he can, for the man who wants these things, and can buy them, would not be happy without them, particularly if his neighbor across the road is similarly equipped. A GENUINE objection to his display is not its essential costliness, but the confusion of cost with art. There is nothing easier in the world than to buy a very poor work of art for a very great cost. It is being done every day, and doubtless will be done for many days to come. Now, art itself is costly, whether it be in the form of painting, sculpture, pottery, rugs, embroidery, furniture; and it must be costly, because, unless produced by a competent crafts- man with infinite toil, it must sink to the commonplace and cease to be art in any sense. But the price of the article has nothing to do with its art qualities, since the very poor- est art can, and alas! does, frequently command the highest prices. This, of course, happens, because the person pur- chasing the article has himself no idea of what art quality is nor, indeed, what art means nor of what it consists. AND yet, although art is costly, the artistic home need not be high-priced. A very excellent fundamental rule that should always be kept in mind is that nothing should seem to have cost more than it did. Abolish the thought of cost altogether from your proceedings and make art, not money, the criterion by which the furnishing of the house is meas- ured. And this rule is quite as admirable for persons of moderate means as for those who never stop to count the cost of anything they possess. For it is the art value alone that counts, and this is the only thing of importance. HovusEHOLD decoration having, therefore, no relation- ship with cost, it follows that the modest home may, in its way, be as artistic and as beautiful as the most expensive. There is no secret about it; it consists simply in knowing what to do and how to do it. Many people think they know how, and very awful are some of the results of their mental cogitations on this subject; others are fear- ful of paying people for doing what they think they can do themselves, or what they know their friends and acquaintances have done without outside assistance. Yet, for even a slight sickness it is better to call in a physician than to run the risk of a serious illness; why, then, take the risk of surrounding one’s daily life with impossible fur- nishings and decorations under the mistaken notion that one knows what one likes? Art blindness is one of the commonest of diseases. It is a strange disease that seems to leave the sufferer quite untouched. He never knows he has it, and may live a long and merry life with it in a most exaggerated form. ‘There are some physical diseases that affect humanity in the same way; but art blindness is a mental disease, a subjective disease, and, if not contagious, at least obnoxious in its effects, since it is the chief means of the support of the pur- veyors of bad art. ‘This is the real source of all the trouble. People do not know a good work of art when they see it. They do not know what it means nor what lesson it may have for them. ‘They are not interested in art and only know of it as one of the luxuries of life. Modern conditions are not conducive to the application of the most expensive forms of art to the average daily existence; but at least we may have good rugs and carpets on our floors; our chairs and tables may be of comfortable form and graceful aspect; our curtains and draperies may be pleasant if not expensive; and our wall coverings should be above criticism. All this we can have and at no greater cost than that we must pay for monstrosities if we but go about it in the right way. The artist who builds and furnishes his own home does not have to seek advice; but those who need it should lose no time in seeking it. December, 1909 to the plan, is about roo feet in width and less than 450 feet in depth, in other words, about one acre. It is within a few miles of one of our large cities; no description will be given of the house; all that is writ- ten will be in reference to the grounds. The front part, or street end, consists of the usual lawn, paths, driveway, trees and shrubbery, showing croquet- ground in the front and tennis-court on the side. This por- tion of the grounds has been laid out for about fifteen years, but particular attention is called to the back half, or what, in most properties, is considered the least desirable portion. Beginning back of the turn in the driveway, a path leads down the hill and joins several other paths. This back- » tg id oy 2 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4 American Homes and Gardens Garden Competition THE FIRST GARDEN PRIZE OF ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS Won by Charles J. Pilling, Esq. Lansdowne, Pennsylvania Wa ~ garden eight years ago was neglected and not used. The natural advantages at that time were three large trees and a spring of clear water that came out of the ground and im- mediately went back and ran away under the ground; the surrounding country is a beautiful valley. From these con- ditions evolved the garden shown in the accompanying pho- tographs. It is essentially a rough natural garden, with hundreds of azaleas, ferns, evergreen trees and dwarf maples growing between and covering the moss-covered rocks. While this back portion of the garden covers only about one-half an acre, its perfect proportions make it seem very much larger. The rock construction was done a little each year, as most of the planting, covering a period of six or seven years, but most of the work was done in the spring and some of it It is essentially a rough natural garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION. PRIZE GARDEN. THE TROUT POND AND WISTARIA ARBOR THE TROUT POND AND WISTARIA ARBOR Zz ty) a 4 < ) ea} N ~ ou THE FIRST DENS GARDEN COMPETITION. G AMERICAN HOMES AND 460 in the fall; none, or very little, in the summer or win- ter; it could all be accom- plished in one year with suf- ficient help, but much of the pleasure is in its gradual growth. The rocks used were not from quarries, except for the steps; the balance are large natural weather-beaten moss- grown stones brought from a nearby creek. The setting of the rocks is very carefully done, so that a cavity of soil without stone-bottom will always oc- cur, thus allowing the roots of the plants to grow deep into the earth for moisture. Three ponds appear in this garden; the largest, or trout pond, is the result of the spring, which has quite a large supply of very cold fresh water. This pond con- tains brook trout, of course; these fish remain in the pond winter and summer. From this pond the water runs off into a winding creek artificially made and yet very natural in appearance, until the water, flowing over a small water- fall, enters the next or bridge pond. ‘This, again, runs along until it seeks the lily pond. This lily pond, after becoming full or to the level of the preceding pond, is so arranged that the water runs off into an overflow, thus pre- venting the cold water from continually entering the lily pond. ‘The reason of this is that cold water will prevent lilies from blooming freely. Particular attention is called to the construction of the ponds. The walls and bottoms are made of concrete, yet by referring to the photographs it will be noticed that it is impossible to see any of the concrete walls because every thing is covered with rocks and growing plants. The greatest care has here been exercised, and should be exer- cised by any one making ponds, to make them tight be- cause, if the pond leaks, it will cause much trouble. Over the trout pond is built a trel- lis or wistaria arbor. This arbor, with the wistaria, is very much admired. In the lily pond is a collection of water Inlvessar nicl ote ierr arg uta tic) plants: right here it should be mentioned that AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Stone steps and wood lantern The small bridges add to the apparent size and the artistic effect December, 1909 water plants are very easy to grow and should be in every garden. A properly con- structed pond, filled with water plants and a few gold- fish, will improve the appear- ance of any garden. The plants and fish keep the pond entirely pure, as far as any unhealthy conditions are concerned. In this garden we range all the way from cold water and brook trout to warm water with goldfish and water lilies. ‘Two wood and one stone bridges have been thrown over the water-courses; not because the garden was so large, but because the span- ning of the water with the small bridges impresses one with increased size and ar- tistic effect. The stone bridge thrown over the creek is a large oblong piece of granite, such as used for street-cross- ings, with heavy cedar hand-rest. The other two bridges are of wood; one, of rustic cedar, left its natural color, and the other, slightly curved, painted red. The size of these ponds, as well as the paths, may be easily figured out by referring to the plan shown herewith. The pavilion over the lily pond is of rough cedar with weather or natural-stained shingles, in fact, the entire struc- ture is free of paint, and by this time has assumed a soft coloring from exposure to the weather. The plants are, perhaps, divided equally into deciduous and evergreen, but especially note that all are hardy, as every thing in this garden, including plants and fish, re- main exposed all winter. Their permanence is not only a desirable, but also necessary, feature of this garden. The path leading from the driveway down to the main rock is planted with Japanese flowering cherry trees. ‘This tree, as is well known, bears no fruit, but inetme early spring they produce beautiful soft pink blossoms. Japanese iris, the most beautiful of the iris family, have been planted around the ponds and in other damp places. Ornaments have been almost entirely kept away from this garden. The only ones that are shown are three stone and December, 1909 two wood lanterns. These blend with the landscape and anything else in the way of ornaments would be entirely out of place. It is perfectly proper if one walks along the wild path to see a simple stone lan- tern evidently placed there to light the path. A recent writer has de- scribed the garden in the following word: “The ‘wildness’ of its ap- proach is one of its chief attractions. Winding path- ways of stepping-stones and rugged stone stairways leading down sharp inclines lead from the house and lawn through luxuriant tangles of Japanese maples and dwarf evergreens down to the lantern-guarded course of the water supply, which forms one of the principal charms of the entire garden. From this spot one catches a glimpse of the whole ex. panse of streams and ponds, rustic and stone bridges, islands, hillocks and _ val- leys, with the white gleam of stone lanterns here and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The concrete linings of the ponds are concealed by rocks and growing plants 461 there, but the ‘wildness’ is intensified when one fol- lows all the intricate path- ways leading over the little mountainsides and crossing and recrossing the streams.” The owner of a garden who has labored in it and loved it from the beginning, as I have done, must feel a keen interest in it in every aspect. “Io me, no doubt, this garden means more than it may to others, for it has grown year by year. Each season has seen new beauties, each season sug- gested new improvements and betterments. There are, of course, limits to what one might do. I have not felt that we have done too little, and I earnestly be- lieve we have accomplished much. To me, at least, it is satisfying, and this, I take it, means success in garden making. And I be- lieve we have not tried to do too much. The tempta- tion to overdo is often strong and difficult to resist. CHARLES J. PILLING. Excavating for the garden 1 Maple, Norway 2 ce « R «e ae 4 ia) “cc 5 Magnolia 6 Maple, Weeping 7 Purple Beech 8 Rhododendron g Pyranide Oak 10 White Broch 11 Maple, Norway 12 Althea Hedge 13 Lilac 14 Crimson Rambler on Post 15 Pin Oak 16 Sour Cherry 17. Maple, Norway 18 Buttonwood 19 Ginko WATER LILIES Gladstoniana Laydekeri purpurata Laydekeri rosea Marliacea chromatella Pygmaea, white Pygmaea, yellow A. atropurpureum (Nomura) A. Oshiu-beni A. Japonicum (Itaya) Iris Kaempferi DRIVEWAY 5x i Building the forms for the concrete AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS wall of the lakes THE PLANTING The Plan has been numbered, thus locating the different trees and shrubs 20 Plum 21 Dwarf Maple 22 Lombardy Poplar 23 Scarlet Oak 24 Dwarf Maple 25 Larch 26 Collection of Hardy Azaleas 27 iT “ “ 28 Pyramide Evergreen 29 Collection of Hardy Azaleas 30 ~Flowering Cherry 31 “ &“ 32 Apple 33 Pie Cherry 34 Horse Chestnut 35 Collection of Dwarf Ever- greens 36 ©Azalea Hill, All Hardy 37 ce ia} ae ia 38 Azalea Hill, All Hardy 39 | - | Collection of Japan Maples, 42 > Dwarf Evergreens and 43 Hardy Azaleas 44 45 D : AG warf Pines and Japan 47 Maples 48 Magnolia 49 Flowering Cherry 50 Pine 51 Flowering Cherry “ce oe “ee tay 55 Hardy Azalea SMALL PLANTS OTHER AQUATICS Striped calamus Eichhornia crassipes major Limnocharis Humboldtii Pontederia cordata Sagittaria Chinensis Vallisneria spiralis HARDY AZALEAS Hinodegiri Fuji-Manyo Mollis Kirenge Indicum, Matsushime Omurasaki . Kirishima A. ledifolium, var. Leucanthum >>> >>> JAPANESE MAPLES A. sanguineum, Seigen A. roseum (Kagiri) A. versicolor (Oridononishiki) A. Osaka-zuki A. atrodisectum variegatum A. sanguineum Chishio MISCELLANEOUS Wistaria brachbotrys Magnolia stellata WALR Magnolia conspicua Wistaria Chinensis 3 ye AISA PSs 3 December, 1909 The lakes after they were filled with water 57 Japan Maple 38 | Dwart Pines and Hardy 60 | Azaleas 61 Large White Oak, probably one hundred years old 62 Large Old Maple 63 Hardy Azaleas 64 Pin Oak 65 Weeping Willow 66 Pussy Willow 67 Hardy Azaleas and Japan Iris 68 Azalea Hill 69 Island Planted with Dwarf Maples and Evergreens 70 \ Dwarf Evergreens and 71 Japan Maples 72" kine SMALL EVERGREENS Chabo-Hiba (dwarfed Thuya obtusa) Sciadopitys verticillata variegata Juniperus Chinensis procumbens Pinus ‘Tanyosho Pinus Koraiensis A. dissectum A. atropurpureum dissectum Cornus Kousa The garden plan: about 450 feet long by 100 feet wide; area, about one acre December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 463 The Craft of Hammering and Piercing Metal By Mabel Tuke Priestman NAIL AND HAMMER are the chief tools needed to work up beautiful designs on metal. There is a wide field for original work in this direction, and no end of uses to which it can be put. Pewter, tin, cop- per, or brass, can, any of them, be dec- orated in this manner, after the article is hammered into the desired shape. Repoussé work is done in two ways: one by hammering on the face with a tool so that the background is driven in, and the design remains in relief; the other method is done by laying the metal face downward on a yielding bed of pitch or soft wood and pushing out the design by hammering. ‘The first process is the one used for pierced metal and has the advantage of re- quiring very few tools. A block or panel of soft pine wood about 8 x 8 and about an inch deep must be procured. Sheets of brass or copper may be had in many sizes, six to twelve inches being a useful size to select. Choose a thickness that can readily be cut with the shears. No. 25 gage is a good medium weight of sheet metal. See that the metal is free from blemishes, scratches or indentations. The following materials are needed for doing the work: a wooden mallet, a small round-faced hammer, tracers or nails (the ordinary 10-penny wire- nails will answer, and several sizes must be bought), a pair of shears, a vise and a hardwood block, pliers, a file, a rivet set and some small rivets. Then get a piece of metal and iron it flat, or hammer on the hardwood block, screwing it onto the block near the edge of the metal. The design having been decided on, it must first be drawn on thin strong paper with a very black pencil. Then gum the edges to hold it in place and go over it with a paper-knife or any hard sub- stance, rubbing carefully until the pattern is transferred. Carbon-paper can be used if preferred, and the outline must then be gone over with a dull-pointed instrument. Then go over the design with pen and ink, after removing the paper. It is al- ways best to go over the design a third time with a sharp instrument or scratch-awl, as the ink-lines are easily effaced by the hand passing over the metal. The most inter- esting part is done next; namely, that of hammering the background with a Electrolier with pierced holders Hammered and pierced metal ornaments for the desk sharp nail, allowing it to pierce the background each time it is hammered, being very careful not to go over the edge of the design as it must stand out in sharp relief without jagged edges. Do each piece in turn until all are decorated, when they are ready to be hammered into shape. It will be best for the beginner to start on a simple form like a lamp-shade. This is made in the form of a circle. Take a compass and describe first the inner circle, which will be the top of the shade, then the depth must be decided upon, and the other circle drawn at the required depth from the same center. More than half a circle will be needed for the correct flare and about one-fifth of the remaining half circle will be found to make a well-proportioned shade. A flap must be left for going under- neath the joint at one side. When the shade is decorated it is then riveted. The pattern should never extend to the extreme edge of the shade. A good wide margin at the top and bottom greatly improves it. Make the de- sign on paper and glue it onto the metal and transfer it as already de- scribed, carefully outlining the pattern with a scratch-awl, then remove the paper by washing it off, and prick the background with a sharp nail, or a pin placed in a tool-handle. When all the background is perforated with even holes, it is ready for the final process. Cut the shade out of the piece of metal, with the shears, and file the edges smooth. Turn the edges back with the pliers, and hammer on the back of the metal until they are firm and even, the double metal at the top and bottom makes a much more finished article. Then bend the shade up with the hands, as evenly as possible, and hammer with the mallet, being careful not to close up the whole when the shade is compressed until the flap overlaps. Mark the places for the middle rivet-hole on the flap and shade, punch and rivet. Then proceed with the other rivets in the same manner. The process of riveting is done in the following way: After marking the place on the metal where the rivets are to go, see that the underpiece is accur- ately measured. Then punch with a nail upon the end of the hardwood block, using the steel hammer as the striking tool. The holes should be rather larger than the rivets. After the punching, a_ little rim is left around the hole; this must 464 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS be filed a little, and then beaten flat with the hammer. If this closes the hole too much, it can be enlarged by the round file. It is most important that the rivet should fit snugly in the hole, not too tight and not too loose. The illustrations show hexagon lamp-shades and jardiniéres, as well as circular ones. These are made on the same principle as the round ones. The pattern illustrations show the construc- tion of a circular shade and one with four sides. The panels are shaped on the angle of hardwood block with the wooden mallet. The block is placed in the vise in such a posi- tion that the shade can be carefully shaped by bending on a or Shade and screen Pattern for four-sided lamp shade the angle of the block. enabling the worker to beat the metal without interfer- ing with the pin-holes. By following these instructions practically all the articles illustrated can be made. The hall lantern is made in the same way, but it is ad- visable to make one first in thin pasteboard, so as to practise in a cheap material before making the attempt in metal. These simple ar- ticles are not all joined by rivets, a strip of metal is left sticking out, and a cor- responding hole is then made for it. is inserted it can readily be bent over to hold the pieces together. Perforated metal is so quickly done that the craftsman becomes fascinated with the joy of cre- ating and is encour- aged to twist and bend the metal into all kinds of interest- ing shapes. Variety can be given by the coloring and finish of the metal. Brass can be bright, cop- per dull or bur- nished, or both ‘can be treated with an It is best to hammer the metal into the desired shape before the background is perforated, thus AMEN AIMEE na ffianttaa Circular lamp and candle shades After the piece forms. Lamp shades, jardiniére, box and hall lantern December, 1909 acid which turns them beautiful shades of green. ‘Tin being very inexpensive the beginner can begin on that metal and can afterwards paint the finished article black. There are many ways of polishing brass, but one of the best means is to take rotten stone or tripoli and tur- pentine and rub the surface with that, finally polishing with chamois. Another way to produce a bright finish is to paint the surface with oxalic acid. Copper or brass may be turned green by painting with repeated applications of alternate washings of diluted acetic acid and exposure to the fumes of ammonia or by immersing the metal in a solu- Pattern for circular lamp shade tion of one part perchlorid of iron and two parts of water. Nitrate of copper is often used when the article is small enough to be boiled in a strong solution of it. Copper can also be sub- jected to heat which makes it beautiful in color. Although the craft of hammering and _ piercing metal is a comparatively easy one, and certainly an art that can be carried out with most inexpensive ma- terials and in an inexpen- sive way, it should not be forgotten that a good deal of care is necessary to se- cure good results. This is true of all kinds of craft work, and is as true here as in other But the technical processes are here very easy, and very little persever- ance is needed to secure satisfactory results. The range of articles that may be made or deco- rated is, also, very large, and includes a host of service- able and ornamental articles that any one would be glad to have or offer as gifts to one’s friends. The work is not irksome and is a most agreeable form of home handicraft. December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 465 Costing from Four to HE modern mind is rapidly coming to the conclusion that the country is the ideal place in which to live, even though one’s business may be in the city, and this feel- ing has not been better developed than is expressed in the many beautiful suburbs to be found in the vicinity of Chicago. No city has better suburbs, and the reason of their beauty is that they are laid out with a definite plan in view. Broad avenues are lined with finely constructed roadways which are planted on either side with two rows of trees; one row extending along the middle of the grassed plats, which is twenty-five feet wide between the curb and the sidewalk, while another row of trees is planted be- tween the sidewalk and the fence-line. The houses being well set back from the street and on a line with each other give a greater breadth of space by the lawn extending from the sidewalk to the front line of the houses. In order to eliminate all the appearances of the usual fences the planting of shrubs in an artistic profusion be- tween each house not only forms a privacy to the rear of the house, which is so frequently neglected, but it also maintains the dividing line of each one’s prop- erty. The group of houses illustrated herewith rep- resents a very excellent type of modern house, costing from four to six thousand dollars. These houses are well- built and are thoroughly equipped with all the modern appointments, by which housekeeping is made easy and con- venient for the modern housewife. The first Some Western Homes By Francis Durando Nichols Fig. |—The entrance-porch to Mr. Cleveland’s house is massed with an artistic profusion of shrubs Six Thousand Dollars house, illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, was built for B. W. Cleveland, Esq., at Wilmette, Ill. It is an attractive house, and is constructed of stucco and shingles, the lines of which are well broken by an attractive porch and bay windows. The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mortar. The remainder of the house is of wood. The main walls, from the water-table to the under side of the sills of the second-story windows, are covered with wire-mesh and given a triple coat of cement stucco finished in its natural gray color. ‘The remainder of the wall surface above is covered with shingles stained a burnt-umber, while the trimmings, throughout, are painted ivory-white. ‘The roof is shingled and is stained a moss- green. ‘The entrance to the house is direct from the street to the porch, which is placed in the center of the house. This porch is provided with a_ stucco balus- trade and stucco col- umns, which support the roof of the porch. The hall of the house is trimmed with cypress stained a soft brown color. To the left of the hall is the living- room extending the depth of the house and finished in old_ ivory- white. It has a paneled seat in the bay window, which is built at the side of the house, and an open fireplace built of brick with facings and hearth of similar brick, and a mantel of Colonial style. At the rear of the living-room a French window opens on to the living-porch, which is furnished in keeping with the house. The dining-room, to the right of the hall, has a white painted trim, and a plate-rack extend- ing around the room. White painted battens extend from the floor to the plate-rack, form- 466 ing panels, which are of rough plas- ter and are tinted a soit «ywelliow. A softer yellow color- scheme is used for the wall space above the plate-rack and across the ceiling. The service end of the house is most 9 Ke complete in all its "geaah/7/(7i0] appointments. The | = second story con- tains three bed- rooms and a_ bath- room, anid one servant bedroom over the kitchen. The former has white painted trim, with mahogany fin- ished doors, while the bathroom is in white enamel throughout, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures, with exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor con- tains two bedrooms and a trunk-room. ‘The heating appara- tus and fuel-room and cold-storage and laundry are placed in the cellar. Mr. Howard Bowen, of Chicago, was the architect of this interesting house. The house, illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, 13 and 14, was built for Mrs. Rose M. Kavana, at Oak Park, Illinois, from plans of Lawrence Buck, archi- tect, of Chicago. ‘The house is a most interesting one, and thoroughly artistic and distinctive in character. The brick- walk, which leads direct to the entrance-porch, with steps also built of brick, leads to the front door, over which is built a hood with pergola effect. [he massive wall space of stucco, of which the house is built, from the grade to the peak of the house, is well broken by an artistic grouping of small lighted windows. ‘The soft gray of the stucco walls, the green of the trimmings, and the red of the shin- gled roof is most harmonious. The front door opens direct into the lobby, from which the living-room is reached. This living-room and the adjoining dining-room are finished with Fig. 3—The first floor plan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 2—Mr. Cleveland’s house is built of cement stucco and shingles Fig. 4—The bay window of the living-room December, 1909 cypress stained a soft brown. The living-room has an open fireplace, with facings and hearth of brick, and a sim- ple stained wooden mantel. A paneled seat is built in at the side of the fireplace. The staircase, orna- mental in design, rises out of the liy- ing-room to the sec- ond floor. Opposite the staircase is built a French window, by which a pergola porch is reached. From the dining- room another French _ window opens on to the liy- ing-porch, which is formed by massive stuccoed arches. The service end of the house is most complete. The second story contains three bedrooms and bathroom, the latter furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The house of Harrison A. Smith, at Wilmette, Illinois, and illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, II, 12, 15, 16, 17.and 18, is another type of the stucco house, and was designed by Mr. Howard Bowen. The ex- terior walls throughout are of gray stucco, while the trim- mings are painted white. ‘The roof is shingled and finished natural. The front porch, quite unique in its form, is built in the center of the house, while the living-porch, which is used in summer as a breakfast-room, is placed at the rear of the house, adjoining the living-room. This living-porch is connected with the lobby in order to have direct service from the kitchen. The hall is trimmed with oak, with a paneled wainscoting above which the walls are treated with a pea-green paint. The living-room is also trimmed with oak, and its walls are treated with a soft tone of écru. A broad open fireplace, with facings of red brick laid in white mortar, extends from the floor to the ceiling; the MAIDS R 103 xB BED R. IBZx Fig. 5—Second floor plan is artistically designed with leaded glass in the upper sash December, 1909 height being broken by a paneled wooden mantel-shelf. The bay window, placed at the side of the room adjoining the fireplace, is furnished with a paneled seat. French windows at the rear of the living-room open on to the living-porch. Low bookcases are built-in at either side of the French windows. The dining-room is trimmed with oak and has paneled walls to the height of seven feet, finished with a plate-rack. A sideboard is built-in at the side of the room, with leaded-glass doors, and the cupboard above the coun- ter-shelf and drawers and cupboards below. The wall space above the plate-rack is painted a light yellow color. The ceiling is beamed. The butler’s pantry and kitchen are trimmed with maple, and each is fitted up with the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 467 covered with a sloping shingled roof. The trimmings are painted white. The entrance-porch is placed at the front of the house and forms an access to the small lobby, which is, in reality, a part of the living-room. This lobby is, however, screened from the living-room so as to prevent the cold winter draughts from sweeping into the house, and at the same time gives some privacy to the living-room. This living-room is trimmed with oak. It has ceiling-beams. The walls are of rough plaster tinted écru. The inglenook has a broad opening covered with a Dutch hood, while in the recess is built a fireplace of red brick and finished with a mantel. Paneled seats are built on either side of the opening. The dining-room is also trimmed with oak finished Fig. 6—Another view of Mr. Cleveland’s house showing the other side best modern fixtures. The second story contains the sleep- ing-rooms, all of which have white painted trim. One of the bedrooms has an open fireplace. One of the bedrooms has a yellow-striped paper finished with yellow-rose border, while another has gray walls with bands of pink roses forming a panel, and the third has blue-striped paper. The bathroom has a tiled floor and wainscoting, and is fur- nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickelplated plumbing. There is one room and a trunk-room in the attic. The laundry, store-room, furnace-room «nd fuel-room are placed in the cellar. Mr. Bowen also designed the house built for George H. Mars, at Kenilworth, Illinois, illus- frated im Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. The house is quite distinct from the others illustrated in this series. It is constructed of stucco, for the exterior walls, and is tinted a soft yellow, while the entire building is in a dark Flemish brown. It has a batten wainscoting from the floor to the height of seven feet, at which point it is finished with a plate-rack. ‘The walls are of rough plaster, and the spaces between the batten below the plate-rack is painted a Delft blue, while the space above the plate-rack is painted a mustard-yellow. The ceiling is beamed. The kitchen and its appointments are most complete. [he second floor, containing four bedrooms and a bathroom, has a white enamel trim, with floors and doors stained and finished in forest-green. [he bathroom has a tiled floor, and is fur- nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickelplated plumbing. The house is heated by a hot-water system, placed in the cellar. ‘The cellar also contains the fuel-rooms and an instantaneous hot-water heater. Special study has been given to the planning and the de- signing of the kitchens of the houses illustrated, both by | | DINNG ROOM 13-C'X17-O" ‘LIVING ROOM: 16-O'X 20-0" KITCHEN 1x gs, LIVING ROOM 14x29 PINING ROOM 143x125 Fig. | 1—Mr. Smith’s house is built of stucco and has a shingled roof Fig. |2—First floor plan BALCONY Fig. 15—The living-room of Mr. Smith’s house has a brick fireplace with facing extending to the ceiling Fig. |6—Bay window of the living-room of Mr. Smith’s house BED R. W2KIZ Fig. |7—Second floor plan Fig. 18-—Another view of Mr. Smith’s house showing the other side of it ROOF BALCONY *BED ROOM: ikkexi4=< DINNG ROOM: Rid IStexIT-o LIVING ROOM {G-Ox 2070 PORCH KircHen Wed LIVING ROOM 14929 | DINING ROOM Fig. 11 —Mr. Smith's house is built of stucco and has a shingled roof igi == Ranttieortelen Fig. 17—Second floor plan Fig. 18 —Another view of Mr. Smith’s house showing the other side of it the owners who have built them and by the architects who designed them. The kitchen is one of the most important apartments of a house, and yet it is a room more frequently neglec- ted than any other room of a house. Much thought has to be given to build a kitchen which will be just the right size and to equip it with every modern labor-saving device. All cooking in the Western home is done by gas, and the water is heated by a gas water-heater, both of which are labor savers. Another feature of the model kitchen is the BED ROOM 14/6x13 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 | KITCHEN 10/s* IY, PANTRY DINING ROOM I5 X 15h LIVING ROOM 25 x 13 Fig. 20—First floor plan building of numerous dressers with drawers and doors glazed with small lighted glass, so as to eliminate the usual dark pot-closet and pantry which are usually provided. Another saver of steps and labor is the living-porch, which is built and enclosed with screens in summer and with glass in winter, and is within easy access to the kitchen or butler’s pantry, so that the liv- ing-porch may be used for dining uses in sum- mer, thus saving the ne- Fig. 21—The dining-room of Mr. Mars’ house has batten wainscoting cessity of using the din- finished with a plate-rack ing-room. Fig. 22—Second floor plan Fig. 23—Another view of Mr. Mars’ house showing the graceful lines of its roof December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 471 Concrete Ornaments for the Garden and How to Make Them Wee CONCREME RENCE By Ralph C. Davison ONCRETE fences are becoming more in favor every year, for the reason that they always look substantial and neat, and at the same time require practically no expense for maintenance. The accompany- ing illustrations are suggestive of what is and can be done in concrete fence work. The first thing to do in building a fence is to prepare a good foundation or base for it to rest on. Care should always be taken to see that the base is placed deep enough in the ground to obviate all trouble which may arise from frost or the heaving of the ground in the spring of the year. The depth of the foundation depends largely upon locality and the nature of the soil, but usually a depth of from 18 inches to 3 feet from the surface of the ground is sufficient to overcome any trouble from frost. To prepare the foundation, a trench should first be dug, Fig. 1—Concrete foundation as shown in Fig. 1. This should be about 14 inches wide. The depth depends, as stated above, upon the locality and nature of the soil. The bottom of the trench should be well tamped down, so as to make a good solid bottom on which to deposit the concrete which should be composed of 1 part Portland cement, 3 parts of sand, and 5 parts of broken stone or gravel. This mixture should be placed while fairly wet, and should be well tamped down and leveled off. The foundation, after having set or hardened for from one to three days, will be ready to re- ceive the fence-posts and rails or panels which may be of va- rious designs. The fence-posts are usually made in wooden molds, and set up and cemented in place on the foundation after they are finished. The posts and post- caps are cast separately, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. A de- tail of the post-mold is shown in Fig. 2. It consists, as shown, of a square box built up of ¥%4-inch to 1-inch boards braced by 2-inch by 4-inch studding. These posts can be made of any desired dimensions. As a K> f — SN; —<“o Ae p SF ak lj {h\ { H ° ] Fig. 2—Wood mold for posts Fig. 4—Latticed panel design rule, a good size is about 12 inches square by from 3 feet to 4 feet high. A mixture composed of 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts of sand, and 4 parts of broken stone or gravel should be used for making the posts. The post-mold should be placed on end, as shown in Fig. 2, and the concrete should be deposited while in a pasty state. It should be well tamped down, and by work- ing the heavy stone away from the sides of the mold, while depositing, by means of a wooden paddle or pitchfork, thus allowing the finer particles of cement and sand to come to the face of the mold a smooth surface will be obtained on the cast. It would be well to shellac and grease the mold before depositing the concrete. Be sure to get the top and bottom of the mold square with the sides, for if this is not done, more or less trouble will be had in truing the posts up when placing them in position on the base or foundation. The caps, as stated above, are cast separately from the Top of post showing locution of grooves in sides of post to receive ends of panels Uy} be a oh RY SSS “ Fig. 3—Mold for post cap posts. A simple form or mold for the post-caps can be made as shown in Fig. 3. This is composed of a wooden box made to the desired dimensions of the finished cap. The bottom or curved portion of the cap, shown at d, can be produced by securing to the inside bottom edges of the mold strips of wood molding of any desired shape neatly mitered at the corners as shown. ‘This molding comes in standard sizes and shapes, and can be procured in long strips at almost any carpenter’s shop. Shellac and oil the inside of this mold well before placing the concrete, for if one neglects to do this, trouble will be had in stripping the mold from the cast. When stripping or re- moving the mold from the cast, remove all four sides first be- fore attempting to remove the bottom. It will be noted that the molding is secured to the bottom of the mold only, the four sides merely resting snugly against it when the mold is as- sembled. Care should also be taken to level off and trowel smoothly the top of the cap after the concrete is placed in the mold. Use the same mix- 472 ture for casting these caps as was used in making the posts. Various designs are resorted to in filling in between the posts in fence work, such as balusters, scroll designs, panels, etc. The diamond or lattice de- sign of railing or panel, shown in Fig 4, is largely used for porch work as well as fences. It is cast in one piece and is reinforced with a sheet of 6-inch mesh No. 4 expanded metal placed in the center of the concrete strands which are made about 2 inches square. The expanded metal reinforcing lends itself nicely to this design, inasmuch as the meshes are of a diamond shape. If, however, this metal is not available, ¥%-inch round or square steel cords can be used for reinforcing the panel, with good results. The method of mak- ing a fence panel of this kind is sim- ple. All that is required in the way of a form is a box 2 inches deep by the desired height and length of the panel which is to be made. In the bottom of this box locate the position of the diamond-shaped holes. Then make of wood as many diamond- shaped blocks as are required, and secure them by nails in their proper position to the bottom of the mold. Allow a good draft or taper on all sides of the blocks as shown, so that the fence-panel, when cast, can be easily withdrawn from the mold. Before cast- ing, shellac and oil well all part of the mold that will come in contact with the wet concrete. When the mold is com- plete, as shown in Fig. 7, place about 1 inch of concrete in it, then place the sheet of expanded metal or steel rods in 5h “Tongu ee and grooved Fillin with /teld| stones and cement ats, | shown by | dotted lines yf I Reinjorcine < TH CONT CE Uh Se Feb. Dianond Fig. 7—Mold for lattice fence panel = x _ % BR enforcing kod Strip of wood for OrPINiNG GPrOOVE~ GE, se SO ae EN plewper qe op Grace bottom of mould well as shown here Fig. 8—Mold for lattice panel coping AMERICAN HOMES AND Fig. 5—Rubble Panel Wood spacer or spreader to hold é (e258 ad ey i ? te ot sides of form proper dts cence part oe aa ce braces against Sorat intervals to AA 3 spaced every 18'to holed ; WW IR Fig. 6—Mold for rubble panel GARDENS December, 1909 position on it, and proceed to fill the mold flush with the top. Level off the concrete and allow it to set for two or three days, occasionally wetting it down well with water. After the concrete is hardened, the mold can easily be re- moved by gently tapping the surface of the exposed diamond blocks here and there through the surface of the mold. Any corners of the cast that may have been broken or injured in removing the cast from the mold can be readily pointed up with a mixture of cement mortar composed of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. The whole surface of the panel can then be well wet down and painted with a mixture of neat cement and water mixed to the con- sistency of a thick cream; this on dry- ing out will produce a good uniform color to the whole piece. The concrete mixture used in making this panel should be composed of 1 part Port- land cement, 2 parts of sand, and 2 parts of gravel or broken stone, not to exceed 1% inch in size. In setting this panel in place, the fence-posts should be provided with a groove 2% inches to 2% inches wide by 3% inch to 34 inch deep in the middle of their two opposite sides, as shown in Fig. 2. ‘This is to allow the ends of the panels to set into the posts. After having located the panel in its proper position in the groove or recess, the recess should be filled in with cement mortar flush with the face of the post, thus producing a good smooth finish as well as firmly cementing the panel in place. The panel should be topped off with a coping, as shown BZ) Fie Pe O1WO PaneZ OT ae forms tn line and i} to prevent then from i spreading Galvanized sheet tron Jorvne well nailed to wood, wood Lemplate or farmersor top ff Conny iy Za Aa: OF ROL BY OGY SM On. Dy se Ee | pot Bo POLS VED FO anne LOM EP AB py YZ ae re We ON YS aN A LN Showing postion of tem late tn plucejor Forming top of Coptruy Fig. 9—Molds for low cement coping December, 1909 in Fig. 4. The under side of this coping should also be provided with a groove, as shown in Fig. 8, of the same dimensions as the grooves in the sides of the posts, so that it can be let down on and securely cemented to the top of the panel. This coping can be cast in a wooden mold made as shown in Fig. 8. A strip of wood, tapered on the sides as sho-yn, can be used to form the groove in the bottom of the coping. The mold should first be filled to within the thickness of this strip from its top. The strip should then be centered, and the concrete filled in on both sides of it until flush with the top of the mold. A mixture composed of 1 dart of Portland cement to 3 parts of sand and fine gravel will give good results for this class of work. Another very effective panel for fences is the rubble panel made of field stone shown in Fig. 5. This is made in a mold composed of four pieces of 2-inch by 4-inch lumber. This frame is made of the desired size of the finished panel. It is then laid down flat on a good level piece of ground and filled in with about 1 inch of cement mortar composed of 1 part Portland cement and 3 parts of sand. A sheet of steel reinforcing mesh, such as expanded metal or steel rods, is then placed on top of this 1 inch of mortar, and over the reinforcing is deposited about 2 inches more of the cement mortar, into which the field stones are embedded. The stones, before embedding into the mortar, should be well wet down. This panel should be allowed to harden, before attempting to raise it from its position, for at least from four to six days. It should also be occasionally well sprinkled with water. After it has thoroughly hardened it can be set up in place between the fence-posts in a similar AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 473 manner as explained for setting up the diamond design of the panel. After this panel has been set in place, the rough side of it can be cleaned off and well wet down and finished, by means of plastering it with a cement mortar made of 1 part Portland cement to from 2 to 3 parts of sand. The same rubble effect can be obtained in a solid wall by building up on the foundation a wooden mold, as shown in Fig. 6. This mold should then be filled in with heavy and light field stone, and when the mold is filled level with the top, a fairly thin creamy mixture of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand can be poured into the mold. ‘This cement grout, as it is called, will find its way into all of the crevices or voids between the stones, and will securely cement them together. The mold should be removed in from twelve to twenty-four hours at the longest. The surface of the wall should then be scrubbed down well with a good stiff wire brush and plenty of water. ‘This treat- ment will remove all of the surface cement, and thus ex- pose the stone to view. If desired, a coping can then be cemented to the top of the wall, as shown in Fig. 5. A wall of this kind can be made of any length. Fence-posts can then be cast in place at the ends, or they can be cast separately, as previously explained and set up in place. As stated above, when panels are used in the construction of a fence, the posts should always be cast with a groove or recess for them to fit into. When assembling a panel fence, the first post should be firmly cemented in position on the foundation or base with a mixture of cement mortar com- posed of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. One end of the panel should then be located in the groove in Fig. 10—Garden with cement balustrade and ornaments 474 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS the fence-post, and should be tempo- rarily held in position until the next post is moved up into place, so as to engage the other end of the panel in the groove cast in its side. The sec- ond post and the panel should then be trued up and held in position by wooden wedges. The whole then should be firmly cemented in place with cement mortar, and the remaining posts and panels set up in like manner on the foundation until the fence is complete. Low cement copings, such as shown in Fig. 11, are much in vogue along the sides of paths as well as some- times being used to indicate the divid- ing line between two pieces of property. These copings can be easily construc- ted by the use of two boards, a few wooden pegs, and a metal template cut to the desired outline of the top of the finished coping. The first thing to do is to set the boards up along the foundation or base, as shown in Fig. 9, which has pre- Fig. | 1|—Low cement coping viously been made to the desired width, then drive in the wooden pegs as shown, spacing them about 16 inches apart. Nail the side boards to them firmly, and then line up the sides and level off the top of the boards. Now fill in the space between the boards with a mixture of 1 part Portland cement and 4 parts of fairly coarse sand. Do not make this mixture too wet. Now make a former or template out of a heavy piece of tin or gal- vanized iron. Cut this to: the form of the desired shape Yoggt e holes Fig. 15—Removing the mold December, 1909 edges of it lap over the sides of the boards, as shown at 4. Now on the cement already placed between the side boards build up more of the mixture until it reaches high enough to be scraped or cut off by the template as it is moved back and forth over the top of the side boards. Keep adding cement to the top of the coping and packing it down, at the same time moving the template back and forth until a good smooth even surface is obtained of the same outline as the cut-out portion of the template or former. With this method a coping of any desired shape and length can be made at a small expense. Probably one of the oldest designs of fence, and one that is still popular for certain architectural effects, is the balustrade. ‘This is made up of a number of small pillars set on a base and topped off with a cop- ing, as indicated in the half-tone illustration, Fig. ro. Formerly Fig. 14—Ready to pour these balustrades were made of stone or marble, and were used only in the highest class of work, owing to their great cost, due to the fact that each baluster had to be cut out of a solid block or piece of stone. These balustrades are now made of concrete, and are used in places where for- merly, owing to their ex- pense, their use was prohibi- tive. The half-tone illustra- tions shown in Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 show dif- ferent views of the plaster mold in which the balusters are cast, as well as the va- of the top of the coping, and nail it securely to a piece of I-inch board, as shown in the illustration. Place this in position on the top of the two side boards, letting the a Lind View eZ y ya Baluster on all four sides with Paster 4 about Lo" Clay\ thick “Jogyle holes Fig. 16—Mbold for concrete balustrade rious steps in the making of a concrete baluster. The first thing to do in order to make the mold for a concrete baluster is to procure a December, 1909 model. This can be of either wood, plaster, or stone, or it can be modeled in clay. Perhaps the cheapest way would be to procure from a carpenter or builder a stock model of a wood baluster of pleasing design. This should be well coated with two or three coats of shellac. It should then be oiled and placed on the working bench, as shown Fig. |7—Pointing up baluster in Fig. 16. A square block of plaster 4d, 1 inch to 1% inches in thickness, to correspond in size and shape to the base B of the baluster, should then be made. ‘This should be placed and secured to the end of the baluster at B, as indicated. Now take some modeler’s clay and place it along the entire length of the baluster from C to D, as indicated by the shaded portions e and f in the end view No. 1, Fig. 16. Smooth off the surfaces g and h of the clay to an angle of about 45 degrees. After having prepared the clay on the model of the baluster, as described above, block up the two ends by placing against them two pieces of board, as shown at h and i. Now get a fairly large tin dishpan and partly fill it with water, and to this add plaster of Paris, at the same time stirring it well, until the mixture is of the consistency of thick cream. Pour this mixture over the model of the bal- uster and into the cavity formed by the clay strips and the two end boards. Allow the plaster to set or harden for about ten min- utes, after which time the clay and end boards can be removed. Now turn the model over, letting it rest on the plaster shell just cast, as shown in Fig 16. Then proceed as before to cast a plaster-shel] on side K of the model, using the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 475 clay sides and end boards. After the plaster has hardened, remove the clay and boards and turn the model over into the position indicated in Fig. 16. Cut joggle holes in to the angular faces of the plaster-shell, as indicated in the various half-tone illustrations, then shellac and oil these sur- Fig. 20—Cement mortar fence complete faces well. Now proceed to cast section L of the plaster pee uw Fi shed Ly st, CLG" bLLb by Plan View. et Lost yf Lerwe J Cueh eG — = h a A Ahn Ria ee ome bell sae ' Ae * 7a Le | | deeb) i et a | 7S SL {- = ee Be i Peta of finished | | 7H 7, ana aes 7 lence. , my IN fecria i Lite Ltt r- - | [eile a Sa ee ee |G Grade - J PAPI DT DE || SES Era Cover with metal lath , ee ) wired on is i S| IO zs | Hie . e Side View. End view. = Method of aching , AS \Zop an bolton Lt 4 ba | L bean posts. Fig. 18—Details of metal frame and cement mortar fence mold. After this is hardened, turn the model over again and cast section N of the mold, as shown in Fig. 16. Let this harden for from ten to fifteen minutes. Now, if the angular edges of the plaster have been properly oiled as directed, a slight tapping here and there on the plaster-shell will be sufficient to release it from the model of the baluster. The inside of the plaster mold should now be cleaned up and be given two coats of shellac. After drying it should be well oiled with a fairly thick oil to prevent the cement, when casting, from adher- ing to it. Before assem- bling the various parts of the mold, a hole should be made in the center of the piece 4. This hole should be about % inch deep and large enough to receive the end of a %-inch round rod. Each baluster should be cast with a rod of this size running through it, from end to end. This rod not only acts as a reinforcing for the baluster, but it also helps to hold them firmly in place when setting them up in the balustrade. Now assemble the various parts of the plaster mold, and secure them firmly together by irons shaped as shown in the half-tone illustrations, Figs. 14 and 15. To cast the baluster, set the mold on end, as shown in Fig. 14, and fill it with a mix- ture of 1 part Portland 476 cement, 2 parts of sand, and 3 parts of broken stone or gravel not to exceed % inch in size. Mix these all together thoroughly until dry, and then add enough water to this mixture to make it of a creamy consistency, so that it can be poured into the mold from a pail as shown. After pour- ing, let the mold set on end, undisturbed, for about twenty- four hours. At the end of this time the concrete will be hard enough to allow of the removal of the mold. Before casting the next baluster, clean and oil the inside of the mold well. If any part of the baluster should have been injured in removing the mold, it can be readily pointed up with a cement mortar made of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. Wet the injured portion well before start- ing to point it up, for if this is not done, trouble will be had in getting the mortar to adhere to the baluster. The base upon which to set the balusters can be made in a similar manner as described for the making of the low ‘coping, previously explained; but instead of having a curved outline to the top, the base upon which to set the balusters should be made flat. Holes can be made at proper intervals in the top of the base, to receive the 1%-inch rods which are cast in the balusters, while the cement is still in a soft state. This will facilitate matters when setting up the balustrade. The coping can be cast in a square wooden mold in any lengths desired in a similar manner as described for the casting of the coping for the lattice panel explained above. In setting up the balustrade wet all part which are to be cemented together, and use a cement mortar composed of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. The combination metal frame and cement mortar fence is used where a good, neat, strong and permanent structure is desired. Its life is practically unlimited, and the cost for maintenance, when properly built, is nothing. No molds or wooden forms are required in its construction. It is made up on a steel skeleton covered with metal lath. In the fence here illustrated expanded metal lath was used. A detail of the steel skeleton or framework is shown in Fig. 18, and in Fig. 19 is shown the progressive operations in the building of the structure. Fig. 20 shows the fence as it appears when completed. On referring to Fig. 18, a clear idea of how the frame- work is assembled will be obtained. The posts are made of 3-inch steel I beams, and are firmly embedded in a foun- dation of concrete 15 inches square by 3 feet deep. As shown, they are placed at 8 feet 3 inches centers, and the total height of the posts from the bottom of the foundation to their tops is g feet. The top and bottom rails are made of 2%-inch x 2™%-inch steel angles. It will be noticed that the bottom rail is placed with the point of the angle down. The object of this is to relieve the fence, to a large extent, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 from the upward pressure due to the rising of the ground in the spring time. If the bottom was left flat, as is usually done, a direct pressure would come on it, but by forming it, as shown, the tendency, when the ground rises, is for it to slide off on each side, thus relieving the fence of the direct pressure which it would otherwise be subjected to. Midway between the posts are secured to the top and bottom rail 1-inch x r-inch x %-inch angles, and in the cen- ter of these angles, as well as in the webs of the I beams used for the posts, are provided three 3£-inch holes, through which are inserted three 14-inch round steel rods. After this framework is set up, metal lath is wired to it, as shown in Fig. 19, and the steel skeleton is then complete and is ready for the application of the cement mortar. The first coat of cement mortar should be made up of 1 part Portland cement to 2 or 3 parts of fairly coarse sand, and should contain a sufficient amount of long cow or goat- hair to form a good key. The first coat should. be applied to the thickness of about 1 inch, and its face should be well scratched to make a good key for the second coat to bond to. After this coat has been applied to one side of the lath and has become hard, the reverse side of the fence, the sur- face of which will appear very rough, should first be thor- oughly saturated with water and then be plastered, to a like thickness, with a mortar of the same composition, except that the hair should be omitted. ‘The posts should be treated with mortar in the same manner as the panels, forming them into shape as the work progresses. ‘he finishing coat can now be applied to both sides. ‘The cement mortar for the finish should be of the same proportion as used for the first coat; but before applying it, be sure to saturate the first coat with water, for if this is not done, a good bond between the first and finish coat will not be obtained. The top of the fence can be finished off square or a coping can be placed on it, as fancy dictates. If a coping is desired, it can be cast separately and set in place, or it can be run in place in a similar manner as previously explained for making a low coping. The surface of the fence can be finished with any one of the artistic surfaces which are possible to obtain with this material, such as a rough or smooth surface, slap dash, peb- ble dash, or rough cast. Even some color can be incor- porated, if so desired. ‘The dimensions for the framework, as well as the construction of the frame as given in Fig. 18, are of a specific case, and are given more as a suggestion as to what can be done along these lines rather than to follow in detail. The general principles given for the construction of this type of fence can be modified to suit any size or shape of fence demanded by the various conditions that may arise. December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 47 “I The Interior Details of the Bungalow and Its Furnishings By Kate Greenleaf Locke stage of development and the poitage I would draw many distinctions, and if we are to evolve it in the completeness of its beautiful possibilities from our present ar- chitecture we must clearly define the char- acteristics which make it something sep- arate and apart from the ordinary cottage. We should also insure that these features are embodied in its construction: The living-room, for instance, in a bun- galow serves in many cases as an entrance, parlor and recep- tion-room combined, the type of house permitting an uncon- ventional style of living; this is as it should be, and it is certainly convenient and economical, but in it the cosy seclusion of cottage-parlor is impossible. In the search for something that will satisfy a man’s need of beauty in his home surround- ings, his craving to live in “good style” (a craving which does not desert him because his income is small), we arrive at the bungalow. To have the charm and beauty of his home im- Fig. |—Ordinary window arranged to give a picturesque effect press the visitor who enters it is the natural and most wholesome ambition of many men and women, and the com- monplace cottage, with its mill-made doors and windows turned out of the same mold with hundreds of others, does not satisfy this ambition. The bungalow may be made to satisfy it. On the inside, as on the outside, there should be evidence of a rough-hewn hard finish to the woodwork, and while this has an expensive sound, as hand-work usually costs more than machine-work, it is not so in this case. The finish is so simple and so rustic as to take little time to accomplish it. The wood is stained and often left without further treat- ment, though it is sometimes rubbed down with oil, which deepens the color, or it is painted dead-black without var- nish, a simple matter and a cheap one, but very effective. The beams of the ceiling are often rough-hewn, the grilles are of flat slats or of lattice-work, and there is a marked absence of turned-work and no polished surface except upon the floor. Cement and terra-cotta floors are most effective and pic- turesque in the living-rooms and dining-rooms of bungalows, and are found to be as comfortable and as easily warmed as any other sort when they are overlaid with thick rugs. The cheapest floor which carries a good effect is an ordinary plank flooring planed down and painted smoothly with sev- eral coats of the best paint, or stained a dark brown and shellaced, in which latter case the shellac and a slight stain Fig. 2—A mantel of red brick and stained wooden walls will have to be renewed at least once a year. When the flooring is a poor one the cracks should be filled in before the paint is applied. Still less costly is a floor covering of Japanese or Chinese matting laid over several thick- nesses of newspaper and tacked tightly and smoothly. When small rugs are laid on the matting it forms a background for them which is pretty and durable. Wool terry, or filling in plain colors, should also be laid over floor- paper or many thicknesses of newspaper and tightly fastened down. This gives a background of dull blue, soft red, green or brown, and may be used effectively with or without rugs. Walls paneled to the ceiling, as in Figure No. 5, with stained wood or wainscoted up four feet on the side- walls, ceiling-beams with sand-finished plaster between them, inglenooks at the fireside, brick or stone chimneys built in the room with projecting chimney-breasts, are frequent fix- tures of a bungalow interior. It will be recognized at once that these things sweep away all possibility of an ordinary or commonplace effect, and substitute one of individual beauty and picturesque charm. In the use of these delightful accessories to the builder’s art there is a field for much artistic feeling to express itself, but there is also great danger of overstepping the line of beauty Fig. 3—A beautiful color scheme in old rose and brown stained wood that edges simple, rustic art and falling into eccentricities. There are certain conventions which should govern here, as well as in the building of a Colonial, or an Italian, or an early English house. If we are formulating an architecture which is to be purely American (and the bungalow-cottage has been evolved from the East-Indian bungalow to suit American necessities), let us do so on lines which are strong and lasting. he interior of a bungalow should be pictur- esque but never queer. (Figure 1.) The chimney-breast may be broad and hospitable, but it should not be huge. The front door should be made on lines that differ distinctly from the conventionally accepted idea, but it should not be so large and heavy as to be disproportionate to the house; its hinges of wrought-iron and its knocker should not be so aggressively massive as to suggest the defence of a feudal castle (Figure 10) ; its electric-light fixtures and other hard- ware may very appropriately be made also of iron, but the heavy chains supporting great metal balls that are often seen hanging in the center of a low-ceiled room look menacing and ridiculous. In the planning of a bungalow the chief outlet for one’s Fig. 6—The inglenook is the feature of this living-room Hh IF A | ‘ it taste and originality lies in its windows. ‘These may be French, English (Georgian) or Dutch. All of these types are casement in construction and are, therefore, far more picturesque than the mill-made windows which slide up and down. The casements of a bungalow should always be hung to swing outwards, as this way they do not interfere with the inside space. (Figure 2.) Ordinary mill-made windows may be so arranged in the design of the house as to give a picturesque effect by placing them in groups and cur- taining them effectively. “They may also be much improved by building a four-inch shelf above the casing and dropping the drapery from the projection, or by running a wide shelf flush with the sill. This latter device gives an effect of thick walls with a wide windowsill and is a great addition to the beauty of a room when ferns or other potted plants are placed here. The French window is always beautiful, in fact, it adds so much in beauty and elegance of effect to a room that it is supposed to be expensive when it is not. It costs little more to cut a window to the floor than to have it stop some feet above, and the casements may have the stock-panes of - Fig. 7—A living-h Fig. 4—A Dutch window in y all in tory-and-a-half bungalow lcove of a bungalow living-room cheap glass and yet, when curtained with muslin, chiutz or raw silk, be all that could be desired. (Figure 9g.) In illustration No. 9 we have French windows opening from a living and dining-room. Curtained with beautiful chinz in wistaria pattern they give much charm to the simple room. There seems also to prevail an erroneous impression that French windows are not suited to a cold climate. This de- pends entirely upon whether they are well-built and carefully fitted; and, undoubtedly, they add a double portion of sun- shine to the room within. In order to appreciate the real value of the present fashion of fitting up and furnishing the modest house of to-day, which is represented by a cottage or a bungalow, let us contrast it with the typical house of twenty years and more ago. The sitting-room in those days (the living-room was then unheard of) was often small; to have made it large and airy, with French windows or casements, with an arch- way opening to the dining-room, with an alcoved fireplace, would have been to have struck at the traditions which gov- erned the building of the cheap house and would have scan- Fig. 5—A dining-room paneled in white enamel battens dalized the public. I may safely state that, generally speak- ing, it was something in this wise: A room 12 x 18 feet had plain walls of white smooth plaster; or if papered, the color was dark of a mixed pattern in a calico design which was utterly impossible as a background for pictures and totally without beauty of its own. The woodwork of pine was grained to represent some impossible wood, generally light oak, and was highly varnished. ‘The four uncom- promising walls of this room were utterly devoid of a break or irregularity of any kind and rendered the room as char- acterless as the inside of a pasteboard box. The thin walls had shallow windows, often unrelieved by shelves or dra- peries; if curtains of Nottingham or other lace were used, they accentuated the thin, flat effect of the mill-made windows. These bleak, unhappy windows have small resemblance, with their somber shades of green cambric, to the pretty diamond- paned casements of to-day, where a curtain of soft silk (at 39 cents a yard) or of flowered cotton, or denim, with rod and rings is drawn across the window-space, where a shelf below holds ferns and geraniums and where a wide-cushioned bench offers a lounging-seat. It is a matter for wonder that Fig. 8—A harmonious dining-room and living-room of a mountain bungalow Fig. 3—A beautiful color scheme in old rose and brown stained wood that edges simple, rustic art and falling into eccentricities. There are certain conventions which should govern here, as well as in the building of a Colonial, or an Italian, or an inglish house. If we are formulating an architecture which is to be purely American (and the bungalow-cottage has been evolved from the East-Indian bungalow to suit American necessities), Jet us do so on lines which are strong and lasting. ‘he interior of a bungalow should be pictur- esque but never queer. (Figure 1.) The chimney-breast may be broad and hospitable, but it should not be huge. The front door should be made on lines that differ distinctly from the conyentionally accepted idea, but it should not be so large and heavy as to be disproportionate to the house; its hinges of wrought-iron and its knocker should not be so aggressively massive as to suggest the defence of a feudal castle (Figure 10) ; its electric-light fixtures and other hard- ware may very appropriately be made also of iron, but the heavy chains supporting great metal balls that are often seen hanging in the center of a low-ceiled room look menacing and ridiculous. In the planning of a bungalow the chief outlet for one’s early taste and originality lies in its windows. These may be French, English (Georgian) or Dutch. All of these types are casement in construction and are, therefore, far more picturesque than the mill-made windows which slide up and down. The casements of a bungalow should always be hung to swing outwards, as this way they do not interfere with the inside space. (Figure 2.) Ordinary mill-made windows may be so arranged in the design of the house as to give a picturesque effect by placing them in groups and cur- taining them effectively. They may also be much improved by building a four-inch shelf above the casing and dropping the drapery from the projection, or by running a wide shelf flush with the sill. This latter device gives an effect of thick walls with a wide windowsill and is a great addition to the beauty of a room when ferns or other potted plants are placed here. The French window is always beautiful, in fact, it adds so much in beauty and elegance of effect to a room that it is supposed to be expensive when it is not. It costs little more to cut a window to the floor than to have it stop some feet aboye, and the casements may have the stock-panes of Fig. 4—A Dutch window in the alcove of a bungalow living-room cheap glass and yet, when curtained with muslin, chiatz or raw silk, be all that could be desired. (Figure 9.) In illustration No. 9 we have French windows opening from a living and dining-room. Curtained with beautiful chinz in wistaria pattern they give much charm to the simple room. There seems also to preyail an erroneous impression that French windows are not suited to a cold climate. This de- pends entirely upon whether they are well-built and carefully fitted; and, undoubtedly, they add a double portion of sun- shine to the room within. In order to appreciate the real value of the present fashion of fitting up and furnishing the modest house of to-day, which is represented by a cottage or a bungalow, let us contrast it with the typical house of twenty years and more ago. The sitting-room in those days (the living-room was then unheard of) was often small; to have made it large and airy, with French windows or casements, with an arch- way opening to the dining-room, with an alcoved fireplace, would have been to have struck at the traditions which goy- erned the building of the cheap house and would have scan- Fig. 5—A dining-room paneled in white enamel battens dalized the public. I may safely state that, generally speak- ing, it was something in this wise: A room 12 x 18 feet had plain walls of white smooth plaster; or if papered, the color was dark of a mixed pattern in a calico design which was utterly impossible as a background for pictures and totally without beauty of its own. The woodwork of pine was grained to represent some impossible wood, generally light oak, and was highly varnished. The four uncom- promising walls of this room were utterly deyoid of a break or irregularity of any kind and rendered the room as char- acterless as the inside of a pasteboard box. The thin walls had shallow windows, often unrelieved by shelves or dra- peries; if curtains of Nottingham or other lace were used, they accentuated the thin, flat effect of the mill-made windoy These bleak, unhappy windows have small resemblance, with their somber shades of green cambric, to the pretty diamond- paned casements of to-day, where a curtain of soft silk (at 39 cents a yard) or of flowered cotton, or denim, with rod and rings is drawn across the window-space, where a shelf below holds ferns and geraniums and where a wide-cushioned bench offers a lounging-seat. It is a matter for wonder that Fig. 6-—The inglenook is the feature of this living-room Fig. 7—A living-hall in a story-and-a-half bungalow Fig. 8—A harmonious dining-room and living-room of a mountain bungalow 480 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 heavy shelf of wood supported by the simplest of wooden beams often forms the mantelpiece, and in some cases the facing about the fireplace is merely of rough plaster, colored to correspond with the tone of the walls. A beautiful and original effect is sometimes secured by imbedding the beams above the wainscoting and those that border the ceiling in the plaster so that their flat surface is flush with the plaster. (Figure 6.) The color-scheme in a living-room I know is as follows: Walls paneled in brown wood, the ceiling beamed, with rough plaster, the beams washed with pumpkin-yellow. An alcoved fireplace with seats in the inglenook has cushions of brown cotton velvet, relieved with pillows Fig. 9—French windows are the feature of this bungalow of raw silk in pumpkin-yellow. these pleasing accessories, which cost so little and add so much to the enjoyment of a home, were not used even then, but they evidently were not thought of and_ have come as an inspiration to the house-builder of to-day. Contrast the funny little mantelpiece of wood, painted to represent black marble, or the yet greater horror of black iron holding a tiny basket-grate for coals, with the wide, yet simple, fire- place in which _ gas-logs, wood, or coal, may be burned, in the up-to-date house. Here the grate-bas- ket is upheld by andirons, the broad chimney-breast 1s faced with bricks or tiles whose soft color warms the room. To-day a_ plain, The rugs on the polished floor hold rich, soft colors, and the cur- tains in the beamed opening, which gives to the hall, are of yellow bro- cade. ‘These curtains, which form the keynote of the room’s furnish- ing, are not inexpensive, yet they cost far less than doors would have cost in this opening. The windows are set at the top with a latticed grille of brown bamboo about two feet wide; behind this lattice raw silk in pumpkin-yellow is fluted closely, while straight scarfs of the silk depend from the lattice to the sill and frame the window. A quiet influence is now at work, which shows in plain walls, in the dull finish of woodwork, in dark wainscots, and the plain strong lines of the wood-finish of the house. Fig. 1 1—A living-room in good taste December, 1909 In Figure 5 we have rustic simplicity carried to its ex- tremest effect, and yet the result is good. The Colonial rag rugs are used on the floor, and the roof is not even ceiled in with wood. Hickory chairs are the only kind in evidence, and the one bit of strong color which breaks the wooden uni- formity is seen in the gay little curtains of flowered calico which are hung over the buffet. However, the rough-hewn book-shelves on the right of the picture evidently hold vol- umes that are beyond price, and this picture speaks for the argument I have been endeavoring to put forth, that the bungalow stands for the new movement towards a simple life which is not incompatible with refinement, beauty and culture. Figure 4 shows an alcove with three little Dutch windows and a wide brick fireplace. Under the basement-windows beside the fireplace, book-shelves are built in. Figure 7 is a bungalow-hall which contains a particularly good suggestion for a staircase and window. Here the en- tire space under the stairs is filled in by diamond-paned win- dows which lighten and brighten what would otherwise be a dark corner, and the latticed panel which forms the stair- rail is a charming design. It is an unfortunate fact that in many bungalows which are thoroughly good throughout until we reach the light- ing- arrangements, the electric fixtures are atrocious. One AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 481 fairly shudders over the bad taste which is shown in them. Great heavy iron cables dangle over our heads and metal- bound lamp shades, so large as to be out of all proportion to the architecture of the room, depend from them. This is an obsession and will pass, but it is to be deplored while it lasts. The matter of appropriate fixtures for electric lights is an unsettled one as yet, as far as the bungalow and the modern nondescript house is concerned. The Colonial, the French and the medieval English houses have each settled it most satisfactory for themselves. The recognition that a fixture may be beautiful and yet unobtrusive will go far toward settling it for the bungalow. The taste for a purely rustic finish which has taken hold of the bungalow builders in many instances is strongly shown in illustrations Nos. 8 and 11. In these two houses is shown that wonderful union of the crudest materials with rugs, draperies and furniture that are valuable because of their superior workmanship and finish. Especially is this so in No. 8. There the finest china and silverware are made to show up charmingly against a background of rough-hewn wood, rich Oriental rugs lie on an unstained floor and expensive chairs of carved wood and leather are used with good effect in this rustic dining-room. The electric-light fixture here is a particularly artistic one. Nialine Sell By E. P. Powell Se? X TENSIVE farmers have methods for ren- : dering their soil fertile by plowing under clovers, vetches, etc. [hese same farmers do not know that they are also creating soil. The most important part of what they are doing is not adding a fertilizer, but increasing the quantity of soil which Alfalfa or clover that is plowed makes a mass they own. of humus, and this slowly undergoes chemical change and physical change until it is added to the bulk of the soil. Now, what we need in our country homes most of all is a knowledge of how to make soil. A large majority of our little homesteads are not over-rich in what land they do have, and the land itself is limited—probably not more than half an acre for fruit and vegetables. The owner ought to know how to make this exceedingly productive, and instead of decreasing it he ought to add to it and to its fertility every year. This can be done almost anywhere, and done with ease. One of the simplest possible ways for increasing garden soil is the planting of legumes. Beans may be planted over and over in the same spot and will add to the nitrogen, needing only a little potash and a trifle of phosphate. But if corn is planted repeatedly in a corner of the garden it exhausts corn-food, and you will, in the course of three or four years, get stalks one-half size only, and ears accord- ingly. Now, the proper thing to do just as soon as you buy a place is to begin to accumulate soil-stuff. Put this all into piles, and you will be surprised to find how rapidly the piles grow. On clay-soils you can get hardly anything better than coal-ashes, and this is generally thrown away by the ton. I advise you to get it as largely as possible. You may mix with it all of the barnyard manure that you have, add autumn leaves in great quantities, weeds and waste, roads scraping and ditch accumulations, old lime, in fact, accumu- late almost anything that will decompose in the course of twelve months. In some cases it is well to add lime, but this is not certainly needed. If you can run your autumn leaves through the stables as bedding, it will get a richness of great importance. It will need about six-months’ composting of this sort of material to prepare it for forking or plowing under. Remember that we are not now after a fertilizer or manure so much as we are after more soil. In Florida we fill trenches or deep furrows with this sort of material, then throw over with the plow a covering of dirt, making a slight ridge. In this ridge we thrust the cut- tings of sweet-potato vines and the results are very far ahead of anything that can be secured from high-grade fertilizers. Even pine-needles are useful, because they help to hold the moisture and in that way feed the growing vegetables. If you have a very small place, all the more reason for saving material. You can make it immensely rich and productive inside of four or five years. Ona five-acre lot you can easily be accumulating, annually, two or three compost piles. You wll be astonished at the material that generally goes to waste; part of this being destroyed by fermentation, as in an ordinary manure pile, and another part drying away or evaporating. If you will connect your kitchen sewerage by drain-tiles, with one of these piles, and save the slops, you will find that you are adding richness. It is much better to compost your privy waste, and this you can easily do, even if you have no bathroom, by carrying it through five or six-inch tile, that can be frequently flushed. You will find this a much more sanitary method than even the Waring system—a good system generally for getting rid of wealth, but it is not a good system for saving wealth. Beside this it frequently overchanges the soil and poisons it, killing trees as well as tainting the air. From your compost- pile there will be little or no exhalation, while the result can be plowed under as soon as it is spread upon the land. In other words, just as soon as your property comes into your possession, study it for this one thing, how to make the most soil, and at the same time enrich the soil that you have. ‘These two problems are really one, 482 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Homes of American Artists ‘Fleetwood, ” the Residence of Robert V. V. Sewell, A. N. A., Oyster Bay, Long Island By Barr Ferree HE personal interest the owner and creator of a dwelling may take in his house assumes various forms. Sometimes it is exhibited in going to the most expen- sive architect—that is, the architect who makes a specialty of designing the most expensive houses; sometimes it is shown in liberal orders to the upholsterer; sometimes the land- scape gardener and the florist have the first call; sometimes it is in the purchase of works of art for the adornment of the interior; sometimes it is in the maintenance of costly stables and other outdoor luxuries that call for the expenditure ot a prodigious sum of money and which require great areas for their successful cultivation and enjoyment. It is seldom, indeed, that an owner of a house will take sufficient pride in it to himself largely contribute to its decorative parts through his personal labor. This may, it is true, be expected of the architect, who will, when he builds, design his own dwelling; in a lesser extent, and in a very different way, it may be expected of the painter, who may confidently be looked to in the providing of painted decorations for the interior, and who will give to the inside of his house that personal touch and regard for beauty that cannot be ex- pected in dwellings furnished by con- tract, even if no ap- parent limitation in cost be set. But that a painter should, for the greater beauty of his house, transform himself into a sculp- tor, fit it and adorn it with carvings and sculptures executed by his own hand, 1s so rare and unusual as to be practically, i mot sarc tuna lolly, « unique. And that is precisely what Mr. Robert V. V. Sewell as =) aN has done in_ his charming place “Fleetwood” at Oys- ip eh 1G Oia te Island. The house stands serenely back some little distance from the street, but not so far as to present a sense of aloofness or a desire for privacy; on the contrary, it is cordially placed a little beyond a hedge of 7 juniper, hospitably broken in the center by an arch of the Quiet walls above the peaceful garden same tree. A pleasant stretch of lawn lies behind the hedge, with, to the right and left, great cylinders of arbor-vitae, an- cient fragments now being lovingly tended into newer shape and growth. Then the house, presenting what is apparently an end to the street, since the gables face the flanks on either side. Yet this is the entrance front, as is disclosed by the porch in the center, beneath which is the main doorway. The first story is built of Harvard brick; the upper is in half timber, the panels showing the soft gray of the cement, and the wood of oak, dark stained. ‘The roof is of slate, and is of much importance, since slates of various colors were chosen, then mixed promiscuously and applied as they came to hand. The result is wonderfully soft and beautiful, with a blending of delicate colors that is immensely attractive. To the right, as the house is approached, is the studio, a graceful addition not seen in the photograph which was taken before it was begun. It has but one story and pre- sents its gable end to the street. The architect’s part in the designing of this house was precisely that which any architect would take in work of this description. The plan, the construction, the outward form, even the character of the building is his, and entirely his. But Mr. Dun- ham Wheeler, who was the architect here, had the signal advantage of the ornamental co-opera- tion of the owner; for the great artistic interest of the house is in the carvings of wood, not only de- signed by Mr. Sew- ell, but personally ex- ecuted by him. It is these carvings that give the real dis- tinction to the house, embellish it and deco- rate it, “and Jaivesss rank among notable dwellings in America. Mr. Sewell would, doubtless, be himself the first to disclaim any artistic preemi- nence for these cary- ings, but he would not, I fancy, deny thei complete uniqueness in mod- ern building. For it is especially to be noted that he has not simply applied his decorative adjuncts to his house, hung them on, as it were, so they would be taken off AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 he BEE E The terrace and garden 484 and the fabric left complete; but he has made them an inte- gral part of the structure, so that the house would be as in- complete without the carvings as the carvings would be meaningless and homeless without the house. We have here, in short, a fine case of an artist putting into practical form his own favorite ideas and theories. Few periods of art have had stronger attraction to Mr. Sewell than the closing centuries of the medieval period, the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. When he came to build his house at Oyster Bay he not only resolved to apply these theories practically, but to give them real and definite form. His basic idea was a medieval house; that is to say, a house de- signed on medieval models and yet adapted to modern use. The general architecture and design of the house is thus AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 handiwork; but he has carved these pieces of wood much as the medieval craftsman might have carved them, and added them in the fine old spirit of structural decorations, meritorious in themselves it is true, but conceived and car- ried out in the old decorative spirit. No craftsman in America has done finer work than this, nor applied his art in a more practical way. It is a monument alike to the artist’s own abilities and to the wisdom and beauty of his theories. The larger front of the house adjoins the entrance front on the left. Here, it is discovered that this quiet little dwelling, as it appears from the road, is a house of generous dimensions. There are two gable ends here, one at each end, with a pleasant stretch of wall between them. The The porch and hand-carved brackets of the entrance-front based on the modest country house of the close of the fif- teenth century. But mere forms and generalities would not suffice for this enthusiastic artist. His house must not only recall medieval architectural forms, but be embellished with decorations conceived and carried out in the true medieval spirit. Hence, these wood-carvings, these sculptured doors, these inter- laced barge boards at the gables, these strange weird brackets upholding the overhanging second story. Behold, then, a modern house, designed and decorated in the spirit of the medieval craftsman, a real example of craftwork in modern building that is as unique as it is beautiful! And the beauty of the whole thing is that here is a house occupied by the owner who has decorated it himself precisely as he wanted it decorated. He does not offer these carvings as sculptures—as carefully studied works possessed of the delicate value that may be looked for in the sculptor’s upper wall, in this connecting screen, is without the vertical uprights of the entrance front and main gable, and is a solid stretch in which are cut windows of various size, all quite close to the overhanging eaves, but each having its own natural place in the economy of the interior. Each end, with its gable, projects beyond the connecting wall, and the intervening space forms a terrace, giving upon the garden without, and provided with a door that opens into the dining-room. Like the entrance door, this terrace door is charmingly carved in a highly decorative manner, and is a worthy companion-piece to the larger door on the front. ‘The garden beyond is intimately related to the house, for the terrace that overlooks it is scarce more than a step above the bounding walk. First comes a flower border of peren- nials, gaily flowering just outside the house. Here, growing up at intervals, are fine old junipers, rarest of trees to transplant in this region, yet boldly transplanted thither December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 435 . £3, Be A glimpse of the house oo =. A ilk a. Se with its well designed garden by Mr. Sewell. Beyond is a Bee . soe see + es ie friendly hemlock tree, out- a formal space, pivot-bor- (seam mi eer mete ee geese §=§=6 bordered by junipers and dered, divided within into = ee ti ee ee eee eee = walnuts and evergreens on rectangles open to the center. ‘a tee Sse: me Px either side. Not far off is Quite in the middle is a small fe ae Bikey i OS ie the ripple of the stream from circle, with a great rounded , ce ee Gao y Seo Mheeeeeemee §=6the great pond that lies box-tree. A rose-bordered dee eit Re AT. ut above and behind the house. path goes out from this to a - RE | MEY Ss ee It is very beautiful here, and A true artist's home decorated by its owner December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The terrace door The main door += ES Hyp ems ae + ‘ Vie Tez er etree: ae a narra a a —: iture intings and hand-carved furn th its pa , wi The hall December, 1909 growing more beautiful every year. For the hedges and flowers are vigorously a-root, and each year brings a newer rich growth that enhances the loveliness of the whole. Mr. Sewell’s property is quite considerable in extent, comprising as many as sixty acres. But he has wisely chosen to centralize his cultivation in and about his house, and much of the land is, as it has always been, wild land. The pond which has been created by an ancient dam, is literally surrounded with forest growth, great trees rising up from its very margins. And beyond are trees and woods, with rough old paths and roads running through them in the haphazard but still adequate way that old roads have always wandered through the quiet stretches of the land. It is ample, surely, for this woodland _ shelters many an _artist’s bower and gentle retreat that no cul- tivated grace could add to or make more ravishing than Nature herself has done. We sat under the hemlock tree, Mr. Sewell and I, and he told me of some of the ideas he had en- deavored to _ illus- trate in his house. ‘“The basic idea,’’ he said, ‘“‘was to ex- press the taste of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the period when the decorative arts were at their finest stage. Small workmanship and realism had de- stroyed the true spirit of these arts, which was to em- bellish the structure rather than to dis- play technical craftsmanship Having decided on the sixteenth century as a period, I nat- urally wanted to carry out the idea consistently so far as decorative handicraft went. ‘Thus, the carved woodwork is not intended to show proficiency in technical detail, for it does nothing of the kind, but to show how the medieval carvers applied ornament to archi- tectural structure, that is, carving at once appropriate and well-applied to the building. “The garden,” he continued—and we were just without it—‘‘shows the medieval formality and intimacy in relation to the home. ‘There is no Americo-Italian formalism here, but just that quiet and calm which seems to be inherent to the medieval garden. But inside,” he added, as an after- thought, “‘there is no medievalism above the first story. On the main floor we have a large hall, such as any medieval house would have, and our dining-room is a separate and distinct apartment; but in the bedrooms and arrangements AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Cabinet designed and carved by R. V. V. Sewell 487 of the second story we are entirely modern, at least, as modern as we can be.” One enters the great hall directly from the main door- way. here is no intervening vestibule, for none appears to be needed. So we went into a great room that seemed to occupy the whole house, as indeed it does on the street side. It is lighted from the front with spacious windows of leaded glass, each frame having in the upper part a square of glass decorated in colors. ‘The wall at the left end is closed; at the right is an opening to a passage that leads directly into the new studio, which is furnished with an open timber roof whose beams are upheld on corbels, heads modeled by Mr. Sewell and cast in cement. Directly in face, in the hall, is a magnificently carved chimney- piece, designed and carved by Mr. Sewell, a sumptuous piece of work. On either side are arch- ways; to the left opening into the dining-room, to the right, closed doors to a coat closet, with the stairs be- yond. The walls are coated with cement, left in its natural beautiful gray, and the ceiling is beamed with wood-lining be- tween the closely set joists. Simply as an ar- chitectural arrange- ment this room would excite inter- est, so fine are its proportions, so good its color, so appro- priate the bare structure of the ceil- ing. But it has been greatly enriched with art works by Mr. Sewell and his accomplished wife. Around the upper walls are many of the original colored sketches of the great decorative frieze of the “Canterbury Pilgrims,” painted by Mr. Sewell for Mr. George J. Gould’s “Georgian Court” at Lakewood. These sketches are, of course, much smaller in size than the final painting, but are highly dec- orative and are here admirably utilized. Just below them, on the end wall, hang two portraits painted by Mrs. Sewell, and between them is a great cabinet carved by Mr. Sewell. Most of the furniture is his, also, including many handsome chairs, the great table in the center and other pieces. Other of his decorative paintings are used for the wall decorations, so that the general eftect of the room is one of splendid color and richness. There are few finer rooms than this anywhere. There is no overdone furnishing, as often hap- pens in costly homes. ‘There is none of the mixture of the studio as might be looked for in an artist’s home. 488 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Colonial Fireplaces and Fire-Irons By Mary H. Northend With Photographs by the Author <3 ARE and unattractive as were many of the ES (ASG rough homes constructed by the early se settlers in this country, nevertheless, they possessed, almost without exception, one feature of comfort and cheeriness which is sadly lacking in modern homes. ‘This characteristic feature was the enormous open fireplace with its huge logs and high-backed wooden settles around which the family life of the sturdy pioneers centered. In those primitive days, when coal and stoves were alike unknown, the open fire was relied on not only to heat the house, but to cook the food as well. The fireplace was gen- erally located in the main apartment, which served as kitchen, dining-room and parlor combined, and sometimes also as a sleeping-room. Through lack of other material, or of sufficient means to purchase it, they were often built of roughly hewn rock or field-stones found not far from the cabin. These stones were piled up wall-fashion and chinked with mud and clay in place of mortar. In size, some of these old Colonial fireplaces were veri- table caverns, for it required a tremendous fire during the cold, stormy winter months to warm one of those roughly built houses with the chill wind penetrating between the logs and around the ill-fitting doors and windows. ‘Then, too, there must be room for the big kettles and pots, in which the cooking was done, to hang from the stout stick of green wood or the iron crane that was arranged for that purpose. Such open fires as warmed those hearths would be ex- travagant luxuries in these days of high-priced fuel, but at that time there was an abundance of wood to be had for the chopping. Huge back-logs, sometimes measuring ten feet in length and two in diameter, occupied the back of the fireplace, serving to throw the warmth out into the room and at the same time to prevent the stonework from becoming too hot. A smaller log, known as the fore-stick, was placed at the front, raised a few inches from the hearth by fire- dogs. Smaller sticks were then piled in between and the kindlings of dry pine and shavings were lighted by means of flint, steel and tinderbox, or coals brought from a neigh- bor’s hearth. Once kindled, the fire was rarely allowed to Colonial fireplace in the house of Ross S, Turner, at Wilton, New Hampshire December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Antique fire-dogs found in Salem, Massachusett go out, but was continually supplied with logs or kept alive by glowing coals of peat buried in the ashes. The quaint old fire-dogs, which supported the wood, leaving space for the draught underneath, were so called because of the grotesque animals’ heads which ornamented them. The word “andirons,” applied to supports of differ- 5 ef Bi by B &. y 4 i ee = +R : e& An old-time fireplace at Ipswich, Massachusetts 490 AMERICAN ent designs, is really a corrupted form of the term “hand-irons,”’ although the name ‘“‘end-irons’’ is also found in some early inventories. In addition to the large andirons for the heavy logs, smaller ones called ‘creepers’? were often used to sup- port the short sticks. As time went on and the colo- nists found themselves growing more well-to-do they began to build more substantial homes. ‘The num- ber of rooms was gradually in- creased, and when the kitchen came to be no longer utilized as the prin- cipal room in the house, the number of fireplaces grew larger also. But the fireplaces themselves began to decrease in size. There was no longer any need of such huge fires to keep comfortable, for in the new houses there was little chance for the biting wind to enter. Then, too, wood was not so plentiful as it had been at first and the enormous back-logs were not so readily avail- able as in the earlier days. So it happened that by the mid- dle of the eighteenth century the great, yawning fireplaces had given way to those of more moderate proportions. Some of the early ones were still in use, it is true, but the majority of these had been partially filled in with brick and mortar in order to conform with the de- mands of economy and the prevailing fashion. About this time the brick oven was introduced in connec- tion with the kitchen fireplaces. “These ovens were roomy affairs generally situated at one side of the fireplace. Early in the morning of baking-day a brisk fire of wood was kin- veal a ern HOMES Fire-dogs in the fireplace of Saltonstall House at Haverhill, Massachusetts AND GARDENS December, 1909 dled in the oven and was allowed to burn until the bricks were thor- oughly heated, usually about two hours. The coals were then taken out and the Saturday array of brown-bread, beans, Indian pudding and pies were transferred to the oven and left to be baked by the slow, even heat. The delicious flavor imparted by this process lingers tantalizingly in the memory of those who have eaten food cooked in this way, for as yet nothing has been found that can compare along this line with the old-fashioned brick oven of our grandmother’s day. Another bit of kitchen furnishing that dates back to the time of the open fireplace is the tin kitchen. With its shelves laden with pies and bread this odd little tin cupboard was drawn up in front of the blaz- ing fire and allowed to remain there until the food was _ thoroughly cooked by the heat thrown out by the fire and reflected by the convex tin hood. Cooking was also done in kettles suspended over the blaze from the stout iron crane by means of pot-hooks or trammels. The long-handled frying-pan, the baking-pan supplied with legs so that it might be set directly among the embers, and the roasting-spit were also included among the culinary utensils which every well-to-do housewife of the fireplace era possessed. With the advent of the smaller fireplaces came the dec- orative mantel and the more elaborate fittings. Indeed, so important a feature did the ornamental chimney-piece be- Fireplace in Saltonstall House, at Haverhill, Massachusetts Fireplace in an old Salem house December, 1909 come that Isaac Ware said of it in the year 1750: ‘‘With us no article in a well-furnished room is so essential. The eye is immediately cast upon it in entering, and the place of sitting down is naturally near it. By this means it becomes the most eminent thing in the furnishing of an apartment.”’ Many of these mantelpieces were of wood beautifully carved in elaborate designs. Others were somewhat more simply ornamented and were surmounted by fine paintings or beautiful old-fashioned mantel mirrors. In the homes of some illustrious old families the coat-of-arms appeared in the carving above the mantel-shelf and the same device was sometimes carried out in the decoration of the iron firebacks AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 491 Fenders of brass or iron were generally used with these grates, a small one placed close to the fire preventing the ashes from scattering over the hearth, while a larger one surrounded the entire fireplace. Although hob-grates are to be found in some old-time Northern mansions, there were much more popular and widely used in the South. It was the stove invented by Benjamin Franklin in the year 1745 that superseded the open fireplace in the homes of the North to a great extent. These stoves were usually constructed of iron with trimmings of polished brass in the form of rosettes, railings and knobs of various sizes and shapes. In appearance the Franklin stove was some- The charm of this seventeenth century fireplace is its great breadth and the antique ornaments which surround it in use at that time. Another design which was occasionally employed in ornamenting these firebacks consisted of a medallion bearing the owner’s monogram and surmounted by the family crest. Floral patterns, too, were popular and adorned the back of many an eighteenth-century fireplace. About the middle of that century a number of innovations along the line of fireplaces made their appearance. Among these one of the earliest was the quaint little hob-grate, which was invented about 1750. ‘These grates were often fitted into open fireplaces which had been partially bricked up. The grates themselves consisted of iron bars, designed for burning coal rather than wood, and these bars were at first spoken of as “cat-stones’’ in contradistinction to the name “‘fire-dogs’’ which was applied to andirons for holding wood. what similar to the small open fireplace, with andirons for burning wood. As heat producers, however, they were a decided improvement on many of the poorly constructed fireplaces which had been in use previous to their introduc- tion. Many of these had smoked abominably and much of the heat had gone up the chimney instead of contributing to the warmth of the rooms. In this respect the new stove was far better, for it proved much more economical, as there was little waste of heat through the pipe connecting it with the chimney. Still another form of heating apparatus came into vogue somewhat later in the eighteenth century. This was the fire-frame which appeared about thirty years after the in- vention of the Franklin stove. It was something of a com- promise between the open fireplace and the stove, for it 492 possessed certain characteristics of each. The frame, which was arranged to be used in a fireplace that had been either filled in with brick or finished with a fire-board, was very similar in appearance to the upper part of the Franklin stove, but differed from it in that it rested directly upon the fireplace-hearth instead of being raised from the floor on legs and having a hearth of its own. Wood was the fuel burned in these fire-frames, and the open fireplace effect was still further enhanced by the andirons and crane which were often to be found as accessories. Even after stoves came into general use fire-frames did not disappear entirely, but were sometimes left in place while a stove was set up in front of them with its funnel passing through the frame into the chimney. Dating as far back as the earliest fireplaces are found fire-sets, as they were sometimes called, comprising the hearth accessories necessary for an open fire. The oldest of these sets, which were in use long before coal was burned as fuel, consisted usually of a pair of andirons, a long- handled fire shovel and a pair of tongs. In some cases more than one set of andirons was included, for in the great cavernous fireplaces of the colonists’ log-cabins the high supports used for the heavy fore-stick and logs were not suitable for the smaller wood and creepers had to be set between the large andirons to hold the short sticks in place. Bellows were often found beside the fireplace in those times, but the poker was rarely if ever included in fire-sets pre- vious to the introduction of coal as a fuel. In material and design these fire-sets, particularly the andirons, differed widely. Iron, steel, copper and brass were the metals most commonly used for their construction, although in other countries even silver was occasionally made into fire-irons. As for design, they ranged from the very simplest and most unpretentious styles up through the quaint dogs’ heads to the grotesque figures and elaborately wrought pieces to be found among good collections of antique hearth accessories. Andirons for kitchen use were, as a rule, very plain and substantial. Sometimes they were merely straight pieces supported by short legs and having uprights of either plain or twisted metal, topped by small knobs of some sort. They were probably most commonly made of iron, and not a few were rudely hammered and shaped on the pioneer black- smith’s anvil. It is consequently little to be wondered at that many of the andirons once used in Colonial kitchens give one the impression of having been designed for strength and utility rather than for ornamental purposes. The better class of andirons in use during the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth centuries were, for the most part, of graceful, but, at the same time, simple and dignified designs. ‘The finest ones were of brass, which was kept brightly polished by the energetic Colonial housekeeper. Short knobs or uprights were often placed a few inches back of the main uprights and served the double purpose of holding the fore-stick in place and of protecting the shining brass. Occasionally, andirons were made in rights and lefts, with the shanks curving out from the short knobs where they joined the straight horizontal supports. Among other popular andiron designs of this period were AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 the twisted flame, the urn topped, the queer iron and brass dogs with claw feet, the Colonial baluster and the steeple- topped. Of these, the steeple-topped andirons were, per- haps, the rarest, while the Colonial baluster pattern with ball tops was, without doubt, the most popular and com- monly used. A good example of the style of andirons which came into favor during the latter half of the eighteenth century is found in the “Hessian” design. They take their name from the fact that the upright of each iron is cast in the form of a Hessian soldier posed as if in the act of march- ing. Since this particular pattern first made its appear- ance immediately after the close of the American Revo- lution, it is not difficult to comprehend its significance, for it is a well-known fact that the patriotic colonists heartily hated the hired allies who had fought against them in the employ of King George of England. This humbling of the Hessian to service among the flames and ashes, although only in efigy, seemed to afford the Americans a great deal of satisfaction, if the great popularity of these andirons stood for anything. The building of open fireplaces, and, as a natural result, the demand for andirons and other accessories, grew con- stantly less, however, as the nineteenth century offered im- provements in the form of coal and ugly, unsociable stoves. In time, the furnace was invented, and still more recently, the modern adaptation of gas and electricity. With so great a number of superior methods at the pub- lic’s demand it looked as if the old-fashioned open fire- place were doomed to everlasting oblivion, until some pro- gressive person effected a compromise between the modern and ancient styles by inventing gas-logs to burn in a small, new-fashioned fireplace. This was the beginning of the fireplace’s reincarnation. Gradually other fireplaces came into existence, and in the course of a few years many homes were to be found which boasted of neat little open fireplaces with hearths and facings of delicately colored tiles, ornate firebacks and fittings and elaborately decorated mantels. ‘These fireplaces were arranged sometimes for burning wood and sometimes for coal, but it happened more frequently that they were considered too fine for use and so were never desecrated by ashes or cinders. Now, however, the tide of fashion has turned in favor of a fireplace built on good old-fashioned lines, a fireplace that is cheery and homelike and whose greatest charm lies in its fire of blazing logs. As for the materials of which they are built, some of the most attractive are of cement with designs or mottoes laid in mosaics, of substantial red brick, and of rough field-stone. Tiles, too, are still em- ployed for this purpose, but they are no longer of a variety too dainty to be used, for the modern fireplace, like the ancient, is designed for practical use and not merely as an ornament. Best of all, the constantly increasing number of these commonsense fireplaces, constructed in the generous proportions of their early predecessors, seems to indicate plainly that the day of the open fire has again come, and that it has come, let us hope, to stay. We may be assured, if it does, of better health and comfort. December, 1909 oer RESPONDENCE AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and fumishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of ‘‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ”” COVERING CUSHIONS FOR A WINDOW-SEAT A BROOKLYN subscriber, J. H. G., in repapering her dining-room, finds that the old covering for the cushions of the _ window-seat do not look well. “My cushions have had a cover of tapestry that looked right with the old paper; but now, with a fresh paper on the walls, and the woodwork re- painted white, the cushions look faded and soiled. ‘The rug is mixed tans, mahogany and green, and the wall-paper is now a figured one with green and brown predominant. Are there any new materials for this special use?” Corduroy or velour is the best covering for a seat that has much wear, and these materials come in different styles from the plain kind that has been so long in vogue. The corduroy may now be had in wide and narrow lines, and instead of the twenty-seven-inch width, it comes fifty inches wide. The velour has always been made in a great variety of colors, but it can be had now in stripes and also woven with a fine gold line. There are also shaded velours in which two contrasting colors are blended. If the velvet surface of these goods is too fine for the room described by this correspond- ent, there are homespuns in a great many different shades, heavy linens, taffetas, jutes and mercerized cottons, all in plain colors. These will look better than a pattern with the tapestry paper and figured rug. BEDSPREAD FOR A CALIFORNIA HOME “Will you kindly advise me as soon as pos- sible what kind of a spread to use on my maple Napoleon bed? ‘The room is papered in pale blue. I have white muslin curtains at the windows, with pale blue crépe curtains over them. Should the counterpane hang over the siderail? Or, should it be tucked in? Should I have a valance? Also, is a bolster better than a pillow? Please suggest the right material for my room, and oblige an interested reader in the Far West.”— F. W. W. A bedstead of the Napoleon, or sleigh, de- sign looks best with the counterpane tucked down the sides and no valance. ‘The color of the carpet or rug is not given, and this would enter into the scheme of the room. A blue and white room is improved by the addition of some color, green or pink, and this may be introduced in a cretonne spread, with a small spread to cover the pillow as it is laid flat at the head of the bed. A bolster is not used as much as it was some years ago. WRITING-DESK FOR A SMALL SPACE A reader who is furnishing her reception- room (Mrs. D. C. F., of Indiana), inquires if it would be in good taste to place a writing- desk or writing-table in the room? “I have never seen a piece of furniture of this kind in a reception-room, but writing equipment is often needed separate from the regular desks of the family. My parlor, or reception-room, is not at all of the formal kind; in fact, it is so small that an ordinary-sized writing-desk would not be possible to install. Is there any- thing that would answer my purpose that would not be the conventional thing?” A writing-table, compact in shape and well- designed, would be an attractive part of the furnishings of this room. One of the popular half-moon card-tables could be adapted for writing by removing the lid that stands against the wall and fastening a rail at the back, with pockets for holding note paper and envelopes. A desk set of antique brocade would increase the interest of a table of this kind. WOOD FINISH FOR A NEW HOME A reader who has found many general helps in this department now asks for something more specific to meet the needs that have arisen in building a new house. ‘Our dining-room is trimmed in chestnut, but the stain has not been decided upon yet. ‘There is a rough brick mantel and our furniture is of medium dark oak. ‘The side wall is to be paneled five feet six inches high, with a plate-rail above. What material is best to use in the space above plate-rail? Is it correct to hang pictures in this space? For our living-room we have ma- hogany furniture and some well-made green velour portiéres. What color of woodwork is the best for this room? Also, suggest the color to stain the woodwork in the hall. Up- stairs we have decided upon white paint with mahogany doors.” —H. W. The chestnut trim in the dining-room may be stained to match the furniture, if the color is a good one, that is, a color worth repeating in larger quantities. The space above the plate-rail looks best with pieces of copper, brass and pottery standing on the shelf. If carefully selected these pieces may be a very interesting part of the decorations of this room. ‘The wall space, as it is to be a back- ground, should be in a plain or two-toned covering, crash, buckram, or one of the new fiber hangings. ‘There are also some attractive materials that can be sewed together and tacked to the wall instead of paper. As the living-room opens out of the main hall, the same finish may be given both places. White paint, as a rule, is the best background for ma- hogany furniture, but when the room is to be the main living-room a quieter scheme for constant use is often more desirable. One of Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. the weathered gray stains may be used in the living-room and hall, as its neutral tone will allow the introduction of more colors than a brown. ‘The green door curtains and mahog- any furniture, especially if the latter is covered with greens and blues, will both look well with this wood finish. BATHROOM RUG “What kind of a rug shall I buy for my bathroom? ‘The pink-and-white and blue-and- white rugs seem to me too delicate for much service. Is there anything else?’—S. E. F., of Virginia. The cotton rugs that are made for bath- rooms in white with one color added are more easily soiled than the Wilton rugs that are copied from Oriental patterns. “There are also plain Wilton rugs with a band of darker color around the edges. A new rug is made of wool in the natural color, and this is advan- tageous as there is nothing to fade or discolor. The mohair rugs are used in the bathrooms of our large hotels. “These cost ten dollars for a size three by six feet. In some households an inlaid linoleum is fastened down over the floor and the heavy Turkish towels laid down for bathing, and no rug kept on the floor. Some- times a strip of velvet carpet, with the ends neatly finished, makes the most suitable rug for a bathroom floor. As the velvet carpet comes in different widths this plan is often the most practicable. ARRANGING THE FURNITURE One of the frequent problems at this season of moving from one house, or apartment, to another, is the arrangement of the furniture. Sometimes, in the new house, it seems as if none of the old furniture would fit. “I am quite disheartened,” writes Mrs. V. L.,” after moving all of my furniture in from a subur- ban house of ample spaces to a city flat, to find that my rooms look like a shop or mu- seum. Nothing seems to fit together, and, in trying to follow out the same arrangement that I have always had nothing looks right.” The new conditions naturally make the old arrangement out of place, and it would be better to begin at once to adapt the furniture to the place in which it is to be kept than to try to maintain the former plan. It is difficult to give up one’s furnishings, but this is some- times the wisest thing to do when spaces are too small to allow them to fit comfortably. If there is no storeroom where unnecessary ar- ticles may be kept, the auction-room may be re- membered, or some household where a gift of furniture would be welcomed. In placing the furniture in a new home the wall spaces will be a guide in distributing the larger pieces. After this the grouping of chairs and tables may be adjusted to the ways of the family. xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 Garden Notes Conducted by Charles Downing Lay WINTER PROTECTION Pisiienson plants from the winter’s cold is not so important as it might seem, for it is seldom the cold that kills them, but rather the alternation of heat and cold which we get on some of our winter days, when the thermometer may be near zero in the morning and in the sun, at noon, up to 35 or 40. Rhododendrons and other broad-leaved ever- greens should be heavily banked with leaves (at least a foot deep, and eighteen inches is better), which keep the ground from drying out in the high winds. Rhododendron leaves, which are evergreen, are evaporating moisture all the time and they can not get get this moisture fast enough from deeply frozen ground. All evergreens and conifers, of course, suffer in the same way. A foot or so of leaves will usually keep the frost out, and many tender things can be safely wintered in the ground if they have such protection. Small and shallow-rooted plants need pro- tection in winter to keep them from heaving. Bulbs, too, are often thrown out of ground by freezing and thawing. A generous coating of strawy manure on the lawn is doubtless a help, even if it has no fertilizing qualities. The protecting material, whether it be leaves, or manure, or what not, should be left on until the middle or end of March, when it can be raked off and put on the compost heap. Let all the winter protection be on the ground and keep the horrid straw overcoats off. If plants must be shaded in winter, use evergreen boughs with their ends stuck in the ground so that they will stand upright. Strawberries need a good covering ot leaves, strawy manure or salt hay. This should be put en in December and not taken off until spring. Tulip beds should be covered with leaves— not manure. Leaves or manure five or six inches thick make a good winter covering for the flower garden. BULBS IN THE HOUSE Hyacinths, Chinese lilies and paper-white narcissus can be grown in glasses of water in the house. “The hyacinth glass, with its wide top, is well known and convenient, but any dish or glass which will hold the bulb so that its base just touches the water, will do. Vases filled with cocoa fiber kept constantly moist, on which the bulb is set, are just as good as the special glass. “Tulips and narcissi could be grown in this way quite effectively. After being planted the bulbs should stay in a cool, dark closet or cellar, for two or three weeks until the root growth is vigorous. After that they can be brought to the light and will soon flower. TREES IN BOXES ‘Trees in boxes for outdoor decoration in winter are much used in cities and are always dificult to handle. ‘They are sure to die be- cause there is no way to water the frozen soil in the pot or box, and without watering they soon dry up and turn brown. Box trees seem to go the quickest and are a melancholy sight after a few weeks. They should never be attempted for window-boxes or for tubs at the front door. The common red cedars are probably the best thing to use. They will die, too, but not so quickly as the box, and they are not so ugly when dead. ‘They are inexpensive and can be replaced as many times as one likes. It would be easy to have a stock of them planted in the backyard (if one has a back- yard), where they can be drawn upon as may be necessary through the winter. Other trees which can be used are the re- tinosporas, arbor-vites and hemlocks. Ivy is always good for winter decoration if there is any reasonable way to train it up, and it is as hardy as most things. CHRISTMAS TREES It is lots more fun if one lives in the country to have the Christmas tree growing on the place where the children can see it and dream through the summer of its splendor when Christmas comes. A little tree really does as well as a large one, and if it could be planted and growing in a pot, it would be all the more delightful. The typical Christmas tree is the balsam, but a white spruce is a good substitute. THE BEAUTY OF VINES IN WINTER The artistic aspect of vines in winter de- serves some consideration, because every place should look well even during the six months when deciduous plants have no green leaves. The bare wistaria casting its shadows on a marble house may have as much_ beauty, though of a different sort, as the same vine in full bloom. We are not outdoors to enjoy such a picture so much in winter, but is it not important when seen from the windows of the house? The winter season leads us to the enjoyment of the more minute and less luxuriant beauties of nature, and the leafless branches are the greatest of these beauties. The Boston ivy, when young, makes a deli- cate lace-like tracery on the building to which it clings. It is uninteresting in color and when old it has lost all its delicacy and charm. The strong twining stems of the trumpet vine are like the grape in character, but lack the deep red color of the grape branches, being instead a sort of pale straw color. The grape buds, too, are large and handsome, whereas those of the trumpet vine are inconspicuous. The clematis is in winter (except the very oldest stalks) a disorderly mass of color with no charming detail, unless it be studied very closely. The feathery white seeds, however, are lovely and last well into the winter. The honeysuckle, too, is a messy tangle, but little helped by its dark berries. The orange and yellow fruits of the celas- trus are the handsomest of all the winter ber- ries, and the vine itself in its convolutions and picturesque turnings and twistings is unsur- passed. The akebia resembles the celastrus in character of stem, but it is more delicate, though no less intricate. The wistaria has many beauties and great picturesqueness, particularly when it is old and its strong rope-like stems have bent and broken the iron fence, perhaps, which its deli- cate branches used years ago as a support. But the handsomest of all vines, though it does not grow on houses, is the common bull briar. Its green branches and yellow-tipped thorns, its wiry growth and twisting tendrils, its beauty in the distance when it seems like a delicate green silk scarf thrown over some tree, make it the vine of vines for winter beauty. WINDBREAKS There are few places so fortunately situated or so well planted that they do not need some thick planting as a protection from the winter winds. It may be only a strip of shrubs, fifteen to twenty feet wide, growing eight to twelve feet high, or it may be wide plantations of pines, hemlocks and spruces along the north- ern boundary of the place. But, whatever it is, it will, if properly arranged, moderate the vigor of a northwe$t wind and make life out of doors in winter much more comfortable. A border of shrubs at the north of the . polish. flower-garden is not only good as a windbreak, but it also makes the snow drift heavily in its lee, and snow is the best protection for ordi- nary plants that there is. On a large place it might be well to plant successive windbreaks running east and west, some high and some low, taking advantage of the lay of the land and planting the high places. A mixture of pines and oaks and birches is the most beautiful windbreak, but probably hemlocks alone are the most efficient. When starting the plantation, plant the evergreens fifteen feet apart and plant between as “nurses” many small trees like ‘Tartarian maple, striped maple,and mountain maple, dog- wood and gray birches. With these, too, could be planted such large shrubs as the buckthorn, privet, sumac, nine bark, viburnums, etc. Each shrub will then be four or five feet from its neighbors, whether tree or shrub. ‘These de- ciduous things protect evergreens without in- terfering with their growth; after six or eight years they may be cut out if they have not by that time been killed by the shade. FERN GLOBES The small glass globes filled with moss and partridge vine, which are so common in the florists’ shops now, are cheerful things to have in the house in winter. ‘They are bright and pleasant to look at, though they do seem quite lifeless—almost like wax. ‘They re- quire little care and no sunlight. A fish globe of any size may be used, and it can be inverted over a glass dish or a round glass cover can be made to go on top. It must be covered in order to keep the air constantly moist inside. The globes can be loosely filled with part- ridge vine stuck in a little damp moss; or with ferns and short pieces of black alder with the berries on; or with wintergreen and ground pine. “I'wisting sprigs of bittersweet with the berries on and with small sprays of box would be very effective. One might even dare to attempt an arrangement in which the berries of the sumac would be the striking feature. The idea of these globes is the same as that of the old Wardian cases, but it is not so pre- tentious, and for that reason it 1s more en- durable. LARGEST OLIVE RANCH IN THE WORLD Ware few Eastern people, comparatively, know that the largest olive ranch in the world is located within 25 miles of Los Angeles, Cal. This wonderful orchard, situated at Sylmar, is ten times larger than the biggest olive ranch in Spain. “There are over 120,000 olive-bear- ing trees, and they average 50 pounds of olives to the tree. [he Sylmar ranch consists of 12,000 acres, and each acre contains 110 trees, which produce 2000 gallons of olives each sea- son. This quantity of fruit makes 250 gallons of pure olive oil—valued at $2 per gallon— thus equaling $500 per acre profit. The olive wood is highly prized by cabinet- makers, as it is very hard and takes a high The Italians consider an olive orchard as a perpetual source of wealth, as the older it grows the more valuable it becomes. “The trees are supposed to live about 4000 years under favorable conditions. “Chere are some olive trees now on the Mount of Olives, in Palestine, which are computed to be not less than 3000 years old. The olive industry has been growing stead- ily in California since its first introduction by the early Spanish mission fathers; and the olive culture in that State can never be overdone, since the olive can be produced on the Ameri- can continent with any degree of success only in central and southern California, New Mex- ico, and Arizona. December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV \ FWY EN \ A household word wherever planos are known. Associations and fra- grant memories cluster about it. “The oldest American plano and of greater reputation for excellence than any other, and their reputation one that is justified by their great beauty of tone and durability. Style H, Ufright grand, $550 Style W, Quarter grands, $700 Chickering Pianos may be bought oy any regular Chickering representative at Boston prices with added cost of freight and delivery. Our literature will be sent upon request. Made Solely by GCHICKERING & SONS 891 Tremont Street, Cor. Northampton Established, 1823 BOSTON, MASS. Xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 EONG “DISTANCE — ELEPHONE A Highway of Communication It goes by your door. Every Home, every office, every factory, and every farm in the land is on that great highway or within reach of it. It is a highway of communication, and every Bell Telephone is a gateway by which it can be reached. Millions of messages travel over this highway every day. In the great cities they follow one another like the bullets from a machine gun, and over the wide reaches of the country they fly with the speed of shooting stars, The Bell service carries the thoughts and wishes of the people from room to room, from house to house, from commu- nity to community, and from state to state. This service adds to the efficiency of each citizen, and multiplies the power of the whole nation. The Bell system brings eighty million men, women and children into one ele- phone commonwealth, so that they may know one another and live together in harmonious understanding. A hundred thousand Bell employees are working all the time on this highway of communication. Every year it is made longer and broader, and its numerous branches are more widely extended. Every year it is furnished with a larger number of telephone gateways and be- comes the means of greater usefulness. The Bell Long Distance Telephone will meet your new needs and serve your new purposes. one system, — one policy, It means universal service. Every Bell Telephone is the center of the System. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES il hol ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV XVI. Greenhouse Heating. u Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXV. XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. MUNN & COMPANY, INC. arm Practical Steam and === Hot Water Heating and Ventilation By ALFRED G. KING 402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation HE standard and Jatest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in text, diagrams and illustrations. ON I. Introduction. II. Heat. lI. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney ening! VIll. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- XXIII. District Heating. XXVI. Business Methods. paratus. IV. VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Het-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY Price $3.00 XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. XXVII. Miscellaneous. DROP LIGHT MADE FROM AN OIL LAMP By B. A. Johns Since gas has supplanted kerosene for illu- minating purposes many quaint and _ highly prized oil lamps have been put out of commis- sion. ‘These lamps may be changed into at- tractive drop-lamps in the manner illustrated herewith. A center-draft lamp is best adapted for the purpose, but any kind will answer. ‘The hole on top of the oil reservoir is first soldered up, and through the central draft tube a small gas pipe is placed, with a threaded end on top, to receive the burner. Any mantled burner may be used. Under the burner is placed a washer, Drop Light Made from An Oil Lamp resting on top of the oil reservoir, which keeps the burner in place. At the lower end of the gas-pipe an elbow is screwed on. Between this elbow and the bottom of the oil reservoir is placed a short piece of pipe, so that, when the elbow is screwed up, the tube will be tight, thereby holding burner secure to the oil reser- voir. From the elbow, a short piece of gas- pipe is screwed in, with the ordinary stopcock and attachment for the gas hose. NEW BOOKS Hanpy Man’s WorkKsHop AND LABO- RATORY. Compiled and edited by A. Russell Bond. New York: Munn & Co., Inc. Pp. 467. Price, $2.00. This is a book of first-rate importance and interest, and is a notable contribution to prac- tical work from the office of the “Scientific American.” It is a book that not only aims to Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A Practical Handbook For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers and describes the practical methods of applying them One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 MUNN ®& CO., Inc,, 361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii December, 1909 BEST SUGAR 202 tA AND SORFEES The Tobey Furniture Stores (New York and Chicago) —are acknowledged by traveled connoisseurs to be among the world’s foremost expositions of Fine Furniture and Accessories of the better grades. Visitors are always welcome to inspect at leisure the various displays, whether wishing to purchase or only to be informed. Correspondence concerning any department of our service is invited. THE New York STORE 11 West Thirty-Second Street (Near Fifth Avenue) Here we show only our elegant Tobey Handmade Furniture, in the finest solid mahogany, Circas- sian walnut, satin-wood, oak and curly maple; also in marble-wood, tonquin-wood, rose-wood, and other rare woods. The designs are by ourown artists, and the furniture is made in our own shops by cabinet-makers possessing the highest order of ability known in the world to-day. The range of patterns covers the requirements of the best classes of American homes. THE CHICAGO STORE Wabash Avenue and Washington Streets The displays of the Chicago store are most comprehensive, grouping themselves as follows: Furniture—An immense variety, representative of the lines of over two hundred of the world’s best makers, the grades ranging from the simple and modest-priced to the most elegant and expensive. Curtains, Decorative Fabrics and Imported Wall Papers—An exceedingly attractive and very com- plete assortment of desirable grades, including the English Morris products. Oriental Rugs—One of the largest and most carefully chosen collections in the country, in charge of our native Armenian expert. Gift Rooms—A pleasing display of objects of household art especially suitable as gifts, in refined designs and serviceable qualities. es 2 \bnd5® Sealed Boxes! By Growers krerywere [ = Completely organized Departments of Interior Decoration are maintained at each store. Representatives will call anywhere in the United States upon appointment. ESTABLISHED 1856 The Tobey Furniture Company AFTER THE hes. PUB LIS AE D THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches «» Chapels | While the fireman is dragging oD DD By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book contains a large number of plans and perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- sides this there is much concise and practical i in- formation relating to planning and seating ; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 } Munn & Co.,Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City. away the last piece of hose is no time to begin to wonder if your in- surance is all nght. You should know now. Don’t put off a day looking up your policies. If they are in the Hartford don’t worry. For 99 years it has promptly paid every honest loss. If not in the 9 Hartford and they are to expire soon—as a reminder just make a note on the margin like this ne the Mer? Agents Everywhere xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 HH Jn. Stable Comforts It is a noticeable fact that live stock shrinks in weight and grows poor during cold weather; cows especially fall off more than one half in their milk; this is largely due to insufficient water. While there may be water enough, at some _ half-frozen spring or brook, out in the yard or pasture, at which, every morning, if he thinks of it, the farmhand breaks the ice, yet the effort to reach it on cold days and in deep snow is so great that horses and cattle will frequently go half dry for days together. For this reason the best stock farms are well supplied with water under cover. The Hot-Air Pump gives an abundant and permanent supply, always fresh and at a temper- ature which invites the animals to drink their fill. Besides, it does away entirely with the slow and expensive process of watering livestock with a pail and by hand. One of these pumps, representing a permanent investment which will outlast a generation, can now be bought at the very low price of $90. De- scriptive catalogue ‘‘E’’ sent free on application. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chieago Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. 239 Franklin St., Boston 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia 7 234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q. Hot-Air Pump (Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco’’ Electric Pump) 22 Pitt St.. Sidney, N. S. W. ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder. ; Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. Our 75-page, 10x14 inch catalog, which will be sent free to anyone interested (enclose ten cents to cover postage), and state the number of mantels required. The most unique line on the market. Write for catalog to-day. WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept.D,Atlanta, Ga. Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND oR CATALOGUES Dixon’s crapnxe Paint Lasts And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. What have inert pigments to do with it? Our Booklet 106B will tell you. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for @ Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. ustrate cen Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections By R. M. STARBUCK | Local Venting pate Room Connections [etc. I 1 utomatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses 400 (10% 28 7%) Paces Use of Flushing Valves : Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 55 FuLL PaGEs OF Durham System lumbing Construction without use of Lead ENGRAVINGS Rae Eee Tank - isposal of Sewage o nderground Floors o PRICE, $4.00 High Buildings i : Country Plumbing q A comprehensive and The Elect hae aE Ae Pe . = e E]ectrolysis of Underground Pipes up to date work illus Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons trating _and describing Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. the Drainage and Ven- zemples or ocr Practice eel . oughing — Testing tilation of Dwellings, Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Apartments and Public Circuit and Loop Ventin 4 Buildings, etc. The Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work very latest and most ap- House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections proved methods in all Plumbing for Cottage House branches of Sanitary In- Erembing for Residence stallation are given. lumbing for Two-Flat House Plumbing for Apartment Houses F ° : Plumbing for Office Building @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- Plambing for Public! Toiletioome trated follow in the next column. Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stabl MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers Plumbing for Factories uy Plumbing for School Houses, etc. fry Electricity e Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York | Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes be practical, but which is practical from cover to cover. It is a collection of ideas and meth- ods, of ways to do things, of what to do and how to do it as proposed, tried out and tested by resourceful men, both amateur and profes- sional. It contains, in short, upwards of a thousand ingenious “kinks,” ideas and hints, useful to the household, attractive to the mechanic and interesting to every one who loves to tinker and make articles of use and value, or in whom the spirit of experimenta- tion is inbred. Unlike many books of this kind, however, this is no collection of scientific experiments. In fact, it is not an experimental book at all, but a treatise of useful things. It is not con- cerned with theory, but with fact. It deals not with what will give curious results, but with achievements of real value and _ utility. And this it does in the most direct way possible. The descriptions of methods are concise and clear, and at every point they are supplemented with drawings and diagrams, many of which are in the form of working drawings that show, in a very precise and definite way, just what to do and how to do it. There are 370 such illustrations in the book, very clearly drawn and lettered, and illustrations that illustrate in the best sense of the word. The general plan and scope of the book is well expressed in its title. It is very literally the handy man’s workshop and laboratory. It does not undertake to cover the whole realm of the mechanics of the shop and factory, of the home and household, but it does offer it- self as the guide to the handy man in these places. Its value is, therefore, very distinct and very wide. It appeals, therefore, to a very large class of readers and workers. ‘The mechanic and the professional man may alike find help and suggestion in its pages; the householder may here learn of a multi- tude of things both convenient and helpful; the amateur craftsman will find enough to keep him busy for many a long day; the sportsman is not forgotten, and so very new a device as the construction of toy flying ma- chines is treated at length. Mr. Bond is to be heartily congratulated on the admirable and thorough way in which he has performed his task of selection and editing. The origin of the book is the result of a depart- ment established some time ago in the “Scien- tific American,” devoted to the interests of the “Handy Man.” A_ flood of suggestions poured in from a multitude of sources, and the best of these have been reproduced in the present volume. It is, however, in no sense a reprint from the “Scientific American,” since much of its contents is now printed tor the first time. Mr. Bond has devised a book that will very successfully appeal to a very wide circle. ‘The amateur workman is attracted by the opening chapter on fitting up a workshop. Beth he and the professional mechanic will find a host of suggestions on the greatest diversity of topics in the next chapter on Shop Kinks. Both, again, will be interested in the very valuable chapter on the soldering of metals and the preparation of solders and soldering agents. Here is a long list of formulas for solders, of tried and tested accuracy. ‘The professional mechanic is especially appealed to in the fourth chapter on the “Handy Man in the Factory,” while still another class of read- ers will be interested in the fifth chapter on the ‘Experimental Laboratory.” Electricity is very fully treated in the sixth chapter, and the householder will find a wealth of suggestions in the numerous devices described in the seventh. ‘The sportsman will be helped with the hints of the eighth chapter, while tthe final chapter on flying machines is of the great- est possible present-day interest.. It is, in short, a book of the widest general interest, December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix TWO KINDS OF PEOPLE BUY AND EAT Atwood | Grape Fruit First, those who want the most deli- cious grape fruit they ever tasted, the thin-skinned kind that is filled with luscious juice and has the genuine grape fruit flavor; the kind that has resulted from years of experiment- ing and the outlay of hundreds of thousands of dollars; the kind that a prominent physician of New Haven prescribes for all his patients, telling them to “be sure to get the ATWOOD, for other grape fruit to the ATWOOD is as cider apples to pippins ;”’ Second, those who would increase their energy, clear their complex- ion, brighten their eyes, renew their youth, and rid themselves of rheumatism or gout. These eat ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT morning and evening. The Bureau of Chemistry of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, in speaking of citric acid as found in grape fruit, says: “It combines with certain bases and the resulting combinations in turn are trans- formed into carbonates, thus rendering an unduly acid urine alkaline.” All genuine Atwood Grape Fruit has the Atwood trade-mark on the wrapper, and may be purchased from high-class dealers by the box or dozen. Price per standard box, containing 54 or 64 or 80, Six Dollars. Buy it by the box—it will keep for weeks. THE ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT COMPANY KIMBALL C. ATWOOD President 290 Broadway, New York JUST PUBLISHED Bungalows, Camps & Mountain Houses Consisting of a large variety of designs by a number of architects, showing buildings that have been erected in all parts of the country. Many of these are intended for summer use, while other examples are of structures erected in California and the Southern States for perma- nent residences. Also Camps, Hunters’ Lodges, Log Cabins, ete. The book contains Seventy Separate Designs of vrhich several are Log Cabins and Camps 78 Exterior Views, LZ Interior Views and 69 Floor Plans In the text is given an article on “The Bungalow,” with hints on selection of site, sanitation, lay- out and construction, together with a very com- plete description of each design, with cost where it could be obtained. The work is intended to meet the needs of a large class of people who are planning summer homes at low and moderate cost, for erection in the Woods, Mountains, and on Lake and Seashore. Size 8x9%% inches, bound in illustrated boards. Price, $2.00 postpaid. MUNN @ CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway. New York ¢ / ”R ISTERED IN U.S The Most Artistic and Permanent Building Material in the World q For Castle or Cottage, for House, Stable or Garden Wall, it costs very little more than wood and usually less than concrete (depending somewhat on location), and is far superior and preferable to either. coloring, texture and hardness from ordinary face brick. Altogether different in For every extra dollar it adds ten dollars to the value of the building and vastly increases the salability of the entire property. Home builders or promoters of suburban properties are especially urged to investigate the many merits of Tapestry Brick, with its revival of the old Roman and Persian Types. There Is Only One “Tapestry”? Brick— the name is stamped on each brick Our valuable book “Tapestry Brickwork,” giving com- parative costs of wood, concrete and brick constructions, 48 pages, 8 in colors, describing the brick architecture of all ages, full of interest to architect and home builder, sent on receipt of 20 cents (less than the cost to publish). Write for information, describing the work you havein mind. FISKE & CO., Inc., SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF TAPESTRY BRICK 1708 Flatiron Building, New York We will also direct you to the nearest building made of Tapestry Brick, for your examination. Detail ‘of House at Oyster Bay, L. i CARRERE & HASTINGS, Architects use, sunken garden walls, terraces, cfc, ; types of “Tapestry” Brick. Whenever you have any decorating in mind—for your home or place of business, new walls or old— get samples of Sanitas. Printed in oil colors on strong muslin, Sanitas is fade-proof, stain- proof, crack - and - tear - proof—a wipe with a damp cloth instantly cleans it bright as new. Here are six Sanitas interiors—livirg room, dining room, Write to-day to our Department of Home Deco- ration—describe the room or rooms you have in mind —and receive free Sanitas samples with sketches of clever new interior effects. THE STANDARD OIL CLOTH COMPANY, hall, bath, kitchen and office—Sanitas samples der onstrate how handsome and clean they are. Sanitas reproductions of fine wall papers and wall fabrics are wonderfully true to the originals in effect, and even higher in effect value. Sanitas plain and decorative tiles make ideal baths, kitchens and pantries. With all its extra beauty, cleanliness and service, Sanitas costs no more than good cartridge paper. oil-cloth ask for Meri- tas, guaranteed every yard on the back. oe ee = “The Complete Hotel” Hotel Statler BUFFALO 300 Rooms -300 Baths Modern in Construction. Artistic in Appointment. Complete in Equipment, Perfect in Service. Circulating Ice Water ' to All Rooms European Plan Exclusively Free Christmas Dinners For 300,000 Poor People WILL BE SUPPLIED BY THE SALVATION ARMY THROUGHOUT THE UNITEDSTATES Will you help by sending a Donation, no matter how small, to Commender MISS BOOTH, a8 W. 14th St, NEW YORK CITY. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | A Superb Gift | Book Historic Houses and Their Gardens EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE Assistant Professor of the History of Architecture, University of Pennsylvania With an introduction by Frank Miles Day, Lecturer on Architecture at Harvard University HE wealthy and wise have, from time immemorial, set their houses in the midst of a garden with grassy lawns, clicking pebble walks, splashing water, trees for shade and flowers for scent and color. The garden is the open-air part of a house. Everyone cannot inhabit the house and the garden that his dreams inspire, but in leafing over such a book as this he can wander at will upon the turf that others have sown, can glimpse enchanting vistas that the greatly fortunate have revealed, can revel in the rooms that centuries of famous family occupancy have hallowed with a history of their own. ** Historic Houses and Their Gardens” affords an intimate picture of places the world over, celebrated for their beauty and their associations, It is of extraordinary value because it comprises an astonishing diversity of scene. Japan, India, Persia, Mexico, Greece and Ancient Rome have contributed to it, with America, England, France, Austria, Spain and modern Italy. Writers “‘to the manor born” conduct one through the spacious halls and terraces : The Dowager Countess De La Warr, The Honourable Miss Sackville-West, Miss Acland-Hood, P. H. Ditchfield, George Walter Dawson, and others whose observation is as keen as their pens are facile. Over three hundred exquisite pictures from photographs, water-color sketches and plans, are beautifully printed on the extra-coated paper which is used throughout. The book is a quarto, 9x12 inches, and contains 272 pages. Bound in Cloth, with gold and ink stamping. $6.00 Express Prepaid Country Homes and Garden of Moderate Cost EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE @©e book has been prepared to satisfy a constantly growing demand from those who are planning to build and lay out their grounds, from those who wish to remodel their houses and those who enjoy seeing portrayed successful houses that have been built at a moderate cost. Leading architects, interior decorators and landscape gardeners who are leaders in their respective fields were asked to contribute. The result is an authoritative book on the whole subject of home building, interior decoration and gardening surpassing anything of the kind yet published. Country and suburban homes on limited space, on the seashore, in the mountains, alluring bungalows and inexpensive remodelled farmhouses are some of the types presented in picture and text. Plans and Photographs of Houses and Gardens Costing from $800 to $10,000 Each of the designs is the work of an architect of established reputation, and the photographs were taken especially for the book, after the houses were built. 200 beautiful half-tone engravings form the superb illustrative features. Floor plans of homes, plans of gardens, photographs of interiors and exteriors, general views of completed homes all combine to render the book intensely interesting and helpful. A quarto volume, size 9x12 inches, sumptuously printed on heavy plate paper, attractively bound in green book-cloth. $2.00 Express Prepaid McBRIDE & WINSTON CO., 6 West 29th Street, New York Publishers of House & Garden JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV STICKLEY A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and needlework. ‘The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to ‘$15,000. They have won high recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York December, 1909 and both editor and publisher are to be heartily congratulated on the success obtained in this very valuable publication. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Boy AT SCHOOL. By A. Russell Bond. New York: Munn & Co., Inc. Pp. 338. Price, $2.00. One of the most interesting and helpful of recent books for boys was “The Scientific American Boy,” by the accomplished author of the present volume, in which was described the adventures of a youth of mechanical turn of mind with his companions in a vacation season. Mr. Bond now carries the story further, places his hero in a boarding-school, and invites his readers to enjoy his later ad- ventures and profit by them as well. It is pre-eminently a boy’s book for boys, for boys with sound bodies and healthy minds, who like to be out of doors and making things with their hands—just the kind of boys one reads about and would like to have or know, but which sometimes seem rather scarce when one scans the list of one’s boy acquaintances. Mr. Bond has been more fortunate than some of us, for his boys are fine young chaps, full of life and vigor, and endowed with mechanical turns of mind that must have given some of their elders pause. But at all events they are not prigs, but good, wholesome boys of the right sort; and if one does not meet them in the streets every day, it is good to know there are such young people and to read about them in Mr. Bond’s agreeable pages. The book is not at all a history of school life, but might be scientifically described as an essay on surplus energy. It deals not with what the boys did in school hours, but what they did outside of them. These, of course, are the real hours of a boy’s life, the time in which he is free and unrestrained, in which he seeks to please himself and work off some of that boy energy that is sometimes not al- ways so appreciated by his elders as it might be. So the book brims over with good nature and ingenuity and with the breath of outdoor activity. If the mechanical performances of these young fellows seem sometimes a bit audacious, we may rest assured with the author’s certificate that they never did any- thing boys of real earnestness and ingenuity could not have accomplished. The careful parent may, perhaps, be disposed to pause a little at the flying machine, but—read Mr. Bond and find what happened. The book is agreeably written with a fine sympathy for boy life and boy activity. It abounds in practical ideas and suggestions, and will prove a veritable boon to the parent who wishes to interest his boy in the value of think- ing and doing. ‘The numerous illustrations are extraordinarily helpful and practical. CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FurRNI- TURE. By Ralph C. Davidson. New York: Munn & Co., Inc. Pp. 196. Price, $1.50. The publishers’ statement that this is a new book on a new subject is very true. Neither concrete pottery nor concrete garden furn- iture is in itself new; but a book dealing with their making by the amateur has not heretofore been published, and hence this vol- ume amply supports the claim of novelty made for it. Readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS have already acquired some famili- arity with Mr. Davison’s able guidance in this fascinating art, and while the articles he con- tributed to these pages have been reproduced in this book, they have been given a new form and much new and additional matter has been added to them. ‘The illustrations have been greatly increased in number, and the whole given the form of a practical handbook. December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Perfect lubrication—the kind you get from Vacuum MOBILOIL—will run your cara third longer and at a third less expense than if you merely trust to ‘‘lubrication,’’ the common, careless, chance-taking kind. Vacuum MOBILOIL is made in 6 different grades, one of which is made for your par- ticularcar. It saves you expense andexperiment. It protects your car from friction, the hardest, costliest kind of motor wear. A valuable booklet on motor lubrica- tion will be sent free on application. Lists every automobile made, and shows grade of MOBILOIL necessary for its perfect lubrication. Contains track records up to date, and facts of vital interest to motorists. MOBILOIL in barrels, and in cans with patent pouring spout, is sold by dealers everywhere. Manufactured by” VACUUM OIL CO., Rochester, N. Y. OREO PIA Hardware for the Right House Elaborately designed hard- ware is entirely out of keep- ing with a house of rather plain architecture. To secure har- monious results, consult your architect as to the style of hardware trimmings you should select, then from among the seventy and more patterns of Sargent’s Artistic Hardware you can choose the particular design that appeals to your sense of the appropriate. Sargent's Hardware is famous for its beauty as well as for its durability and splendid workmanship. If you are build- ing a new home, or remodeling the old one, you should write for Sargent’s Book of Designs —Sent Free This book illustrates nearly fourscore of the most beautiful patterns ever designed for hardware trimmings. Every style and period of Architecture is represented by several designs. Those interested in the Colonial should also re~ quest a free copy of Sargent's Colonial Book. Address SARGENT & COMPANY 156 Leonard Street, New York | BE ep GLIA LIE DTT ADDIE MUU a esata srs s, by . The Thread & Thrum Workshop Auburn, N. Y. Originators of reversible end band rugs in interchangeable colorings. Fabric and colorings original with us. We copy none but employ the highest designing talent. Dummy rugs designed and submitted to match interior decorations. Any width, length or colors, plain, self tone or contrast. Seamless up to twelve feet in width. Quick deliveries on any size or colors, no tedious delays. A high class fabric in any desired combin- ation of colors in individual rugs for all. Sold by best shops. If your dealer does not sell them, write for color card and price list to our selling agents ae 4 Arnold, Constable & Co. : , sl “YOU CHOOSE THE COLORS, WE'LL MAKE THE RUG” Broadway and Nineteenth St. NEW YORK CITY res Your dreams about heating may be made bliss- ful or dreadful—as you choose. It is not the nightmare alone that comes from the work and worries of old-fashioned heating—you find your heating nightmares are real- 4 ities in the morning. They are real nuisances which spoil your peace of mind by day and wreck your sleep by night. But there’s a remedy. afford the only means of heating which bring repose and health. These outfits for Hot-Water and Low-Pressure Steam heating produce nothing but cleanly, soft, even temperature— suited to a baby or an athlete. They should be R ADI ATORS BOILERS installed in every home. They save their cost by cutting down the coal bills. They do away with ash-dust, soot, and hard work. Their cleanliness saves much wear on household furnishings. They are so built in small sections that they can be easily put in any house—old or new—farm or city. Any person, no matter how inexperienced, may easily operate an IDEAL Boiler. It requires less care than a parlor stove. + Our book, “Best Ways to Run ' the Boiler,” furnished with each shipment, tells just how to get the best results in mild, cold, or severe weather, and from any kind of fuel. It presents a few simple rules, readily under- stood, and iffollowed gives abso- lute controlofthe fire,and makes every ounce of fuel yield its full heat. Our interest in the heating out- . fit does not cease with its sale, A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boilerand 600 ft. or A No. 22 IDEAL Boiler and 240 ft. and should any feature in the 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing ofseins EN nice neon Cost: care or operation of the Boiler th owne 255, were used to Hot- ing the owner , were used to : Water thie hese cottage. Hot-Water heat this cottage. Bee eeccaee WWE mae Cor At these prices the goods can be bought ofany reputable, competent fitter. This EUR, BNA Geren ONS did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is Write us to-day for our new and extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. valuable catalog—sent free. Branches in all AMERICAN R AD I ATOR (0 MP AN ste pest 6 large cities ate offe ffs os als offs ols ols as obs oka os ons ols otis cle is ses ss os fs ols ods cos AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ; 7: Sit, 2. tf, eee / Z All Completes the Circuit between You and Progress q CLEAN, WHOLESOME, INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING, THE Scientific American is unique in the current literature of the world and ranks among the great periodicals which are regarded as distinctly American Institutions. Its accurate, popularly written articles open to the intelligent mind the mysteries of science, mirror the inventive genius of the American Workman, show how dreams have become realities and that however well things have been done heretofore, better means of accomplishing the same results are constantly being devised. In a word, the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” is a source of inspiration and entertainment to every intelligent reader. DURING THE YEAR 1910 there will be found in the weekly issues of the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” illustrated articles on the leading events of the day in regard to Aeronautics, Automobiles, the Navy, Engineering Works, Scientific News, etc. Our brief notes on Electricity, Engineering and Science are published in eachissue. Our Correspondence Column contains letters from all parts of the world. Inour Notes and Queries Department are published replies to correspondents in regard to the widest range of topics, and an able corps of experts is engaged to attend to these queries. A complete list of all patents issued in the United States appears in each issue. A department entitled the “Handy Man’s Workshop’ is published every second or third week. We have special correspondents in the various capitals of Europe. The “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” is, in fact, a Newspaper of Progress, and as such no intelligent family can afford to be without it. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. Read the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” for Two Months Free With a view of extending our subscription list we are prepared for a limited period to make you the following: SPECIAL OFFER _ Ifyou will fill out the attached coupon and mailit to us with a remittance of $3.00 in payment for a New subscription for “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” we will enter the subscription for one year commencing January 1, 1910, and we will also send COUPON MUNN & CO., Inc. you absolutely free the numbers for November and December, 1909. & You will thus receive the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” FOR FOURTEEN S&S Enclosed plea MONTHS for the price of one year’s subscription. To those who act quickly <9 find $3.00 for whlch we will also send in addition to the above a copy of our Special “Hudson- &« send me “Scientific Fulton” Souvenir number. This magnificent number has thirty-two [@) American” for on pages brimful of timely information and illustrations regarding the Ky year from Jan. 1 agit with Nov. and Dec., 1909, numbers and a copy of Special “Hudson - Fulton” Souvenir number free as per special offer. great explorer and the famous engineer, giving a history of the evolu- my, tion of the River Steamboat in the United States and other topics of ; interest. As the number of copies of this “Grand Souvenir” available for this purpose is very limited it will be necessary for you to send in your order at once in order to secure a copy. MUNN @® CO., Inc. 365 BROADWAY NEW YORK, N. Y. Name The Scientific American Boy 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. q@ The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES December, 1909 Books on handicraft of any kind are apt to fail, more or less, in the inadequacy of their directions. ‘The author too often knows so well what to do and how to do it as not to realize that those who have not followed the work before may not quite follow what are supposed to be careful directions. Mr. Davison has been fully alive to this misfortune in books of this kind, and has, therefore, taken especial pains to make his descriptions most accurate and detailed. No other method is, of course, really feasible, but it is seldom this sort of thing has been so well done as in his pages. “The careful text is supplemented with illustrations as carefully made and let- tered, so that the book is a genuine handbook of craft work, thoroughly practical in every part, and admirably adapted to its special pur- pose of explaining every portion of the work involved in the production of the various ar- ticles described. Mr. Davison has opened up quite a new field for the amateur. ‘The materials required are abundant and cheap; the methods, in the simpler pieces, at least, easy and devoid of dif- ficulties. And the work is not only pleasant, but the results are agreeable and decorative. The author thoroughly knows and _ under- stands his subject, and has the gift of impart- ing his knowledge to his readers. A GUIDE To THE Country Home. By Edward Kneeland Parkinson. New York: The Outing Publishing Co. Pp. 156. Price, $1.00 net. This useful little book brings within small compass a host of helpful ideas and suggestions. I+ occupies a place of its own among the multi- tude of contemporary books on its subjects in being intended chiefly for the owner of a small farm. It appeals, therefore, not so much to the suburban house-owner as to the small farmer, with special reference to the amateur too, going out into the country, sseeks to grow up with it and make it grow at the same time. The author takes up the whole subject of farm life in detail, after some helpful intro- ductory chapters, and manages to condense an enormous amount of helpful knowledge into his pages. “The information given is both concise and practical, and many will be helped and aided by a careful study of this volume. The matter is presented in an attractive way, and the publishers have given it a pleasant dress. Moprern Homes. Selected Examples of Dwelling Houses, Described and Illustrated by T. Raffles Davison. 8vo. Pp. 248. London, 1909: Gorge Bell & Sons. New York: The Macmillan Company. Price, $5.25 net. No one can have seen more modern homes than Mr. Davison, and no one certainly knows better than he how to choose and present them to us. His architectural knowledget insures than the architecture is represented in such a manner as to satisfy the architect, while the artist in him insures that this shall not be emphasized at the expense of the general effect of his drawings. Here we have selected, by one who knows, some of the best and most representative modern homes. Views of exteriors and interiors, staircases, chimney- corners, halls and furniture are given, often accompanied by plans just sufficient to place them in their surroundings, and very often a sketch or two in the garden and sometimes a. photograph. Drawings are accompanied by just enough letterpress to draw attention to the strong points of each design with entire absence of any wearisome technical detail which would be out of place in such a book. The book is beautifully illustrated and one which we can commend to all architects. Index to cAMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VI.— January to December, 1909 Anesthetics, use of, for plants.............. 64 Gambrel roof houses, three types of........ 53 Nature, designs direct from........-......-- 304 Animals, in captivity, wild...... povoao one 13. Garages for small country places.......... TAO Natines ttapsiieerienisncien ene ieee eer F733 “Annesden,” summer home of Miss A. E. Garden, a naturalistic, “Glenbrook”......... 283 Notable American homes, C. P. Searle..... 45 Outimbye Pesce s seseivest nists sie sae 307. Garden and pergola, designed by an ama- Notable American homes, D. Guggenheim.. 337 BVNS EEG|TCES GS MES onc coc coe soacspopncac 206 EG UA Map ate resect see vaeve fot oto Seance rei tia are kes fies ayes 152. Notable American homes, E. Berolzheimer.. 85 Architecture, what really is Colonial...... 19 Garden at Hamilton House................ 422 Notable American homes, F. E. Bond...... 377 Armor, the Dino collection of historic....... SOmme Garden sa wOOd'a 1s qomenyseiecaccsie Ge sents icles 70 Notable American homes, G. Crocker ...... 207 Artistic expression of the small country Garden, concrete ornaments for, how to Notable American homes, G. Lee........... 417 MOWERS? cooceedeeser goooenboggesoomedSeuD 125 mee, NIMS poco ceoec 350, 383, 426, 471 Notable American homes, Mrs. M.R. Miller. 217 Artists, homes of American, C. H. Stephens.. 95 Garden, first prize, the.................... AS7) aNotesscardentra-eeer cree erat corres: #212 Artists, homes of American, D. C. French. . pum Gar. denwoates thers esis ieee dere reticence 271 Novelties for the country home, home-made. 148 Artists, homes of American, J. M. Carrére. 257 Garden in your town, the.................. ETON UNIUTSeLY,mLUtnishinos ties eee reste cree 400 oe homes is ameniran ie Se Clarkes umt77e (GandenmenOtesnas.csncciie aisecresaisrs austere) ce aneratersnene. *212 Are Nouveats imi Avistria, 12. fs a6... aac 350 Garden space, economizing ................ 37 ~+Paris, new seed-testing station in........... 8 AGES anGNcEatts thes Syrdclittecolonysot,... 380) (Gardens: wall 0. ...-...seceesssennssese ss 242 “Penllyn House,” A. K Woodie yp cteaees ae Garden, the making of an iris............. 140 Pergola and formal garden designed by an gn yf Benrhac tee the Occident 35 Garden-work about the home........... *40, *80 AMALE Uterine nce ec ee ee conor te oats 152 Peer erijdcled. 28 Gateytheyeardenteren cry pianesoooe0000d Pri SetSeS), ekioues) BhaVGl |XESS BI on ona pancccsnbooDnOeF 206 3 Nt eee a ae eS “Gellian Court,” E. Berolzheimer.......... SceeebotorgraphingapindsieereEeEEEe er eEeee eres 56 Beauty and economy of stucco 438 : 35 [has a aE 138 Giantpleavesieecaee cee SopusvaccdDoocmOsOadK 103 Photographs of sixteen houses of moderate Bechacny window Ginnie ee aa a 436 “Glenbrook,” a naturalistic garden.......... 283 COStE pra Pomerrre Gece eee dons 230 eee 2 i ee 6 Graperculturelinwkinancemme tire rere B17 emetic: Llavenwadlem ba Vian eb ttenhe eee 451 eens Te Erie Pee Soe 8s Grounds, and ene ey Pelee eR NER On 99 Bae veluuen of the small house.......... ve Biltmore, forest KOREANEMNOR Slice cnccaeese 274 uggenheim, D., oro, ING ocssosaccdoun 337 ant breeding wee cee ete e ce ree ences eccccee *5 Etcdoiand the country home................ 353 iblanismido theyat hina eer reer ee eee ee 309 Birds, photographing... 0.0.0... 0ssss 350 Hall, A. W., Crystal Brook, L. 1............ 250M ee eee Chlay ear wr esi es 2 eee ie he. 6s Plevhouses for children. 310 “Braemar,” Mrs. M. R. Miller............ 217. Hamilton House, garden at................. 422 5 Uke te a a small cee house........ 136 BrGGGinic. (ART Sean ene an oe taeian eee *58 Hammond, J. H., Wynnewood, Pa.......... 429 ae ae merican Shetland.............. 450 Brick, a small, house at Concord, Mass.... 186 Hand-loom, what can be done in a.......... 220 eR EO ONE slots els iskaas fe Pele ricer * eH Pool f d Exown, GS, country seat of........0... 0. 74 Healthiest house in the world, the.......... 269 oe en pe emeae OE | ane eau eae penoc Shp Bungalow, and its furnishing, the details of 477 Heap, the compost.................+0eeeeee *106 ee state aver gr eee SOUL tog Bano alows San vAntonio.. .sc0+0e. 6 ses ace 38 Historic mansions of the Rappahannock River 1097 OPA HOY ONES NITE oc on ob hacen 40, 80 Benet ows. at Pasadena, Cal, a group of.. 354 Home, Colonial suburban.................. 362 Profitable house, the.............-....++.-- 250 MiSaOWwS, 1Our, Calitoriias «.6.5.-ss sce: A446, Home creating assmallicountrye. .-2-+ 5. 194 5 . ; e EaEeaow type of ae two-story house...... 405 Home, curtains for the summer............ 267 Quimby, Miss A. E., Bridgehampton, L. I.. 307 yrdcliffe colony of arts and crafts......... 389 Home, decorative features in the small..... TAZ paced ddilas ah Sicles Bats, Pa... 22 Home-furnishing, problems in............. 40, 80 “Red Oaks,’ J. M. Carrére Soe Carrére, J. M.,, White Plains, N. Y......... 257 ome, furniture for the small............ ~: 184. Reid, Prof. L. W., Merion, Pa............. 112 C t rf eet Home, garden-work about the........... *40, *80 R d ae s as E rouse ae Biola Soiciy ae eee AL eae are OCA mentor tiie country home 148 Bowe ced barhseassuccessi lene een eee ee 228 MR Cte Play MOUSES LOM. « 310 : : vs evival of an old handicraft, hand-made rugs 50 s@uesteewood,’ 1. C. French...:.......... 5 flome-making, vacation ...............+... 347 Roadway and the grounds z / ; lalorn@ Gi AA, Wie Isle, cdoobooncuscdsono0dcs 239 y. & Fe ERO SSE OIG 99 Clarke A. Newton, Mass... .. 0.62% eos 00 27 Rares Gt Ammencan nares, Clty Siestans,. OG Rochen @- ai ty Shorteriilicy Now )reeci. cil 223 CirckewreS: lenox, Mass... iodo. scenes I : : Rochester cheap cottage competition. . 2 2 77 p ge competition........ 327 Giaeeeedoral Homes of American artists, D. C. French... 5 « . 9 , LORE) caves Seca roomate reece 406 — : : : Rock Rid Ses we Lier RUSS err relevent ie ere 107 Galiwehs Homes of American artists, J. M. Carrére.. 257 Rodunth ‘lant 2 ; / Colonial architecture, what really is... 0... Tig Howes ©F Avmaviess aati, WLS. Chie, 7) Ronen stor uibtl@eso seyi¢ cscs se ccces Colonial house at Portsmouth NEY eee 235 Homes, some Western. .................+. 405 Rugs, revival of an ‘old handicraft, hand- F F Aas Homestead, a seventeenth century........... 66 2 ? eel pe OS Williams eee ee Ly ‘riomewood aR. |G. Tower! Ge re te 248 Ree ts ae ee Cer Er Cee 50 Giied wiows in the higise ekg aN ee $30 House, at Concord, ausinallMbnickeeeeeneaer 186 2 aes? NE mopopseniebnso iy/ Comment, monthly, *4, *44, *84, *124, *216, *256 Poet ae foray Lobscon sa ilackeo. 204 “Sabine Hall,” historic mansion in Virginia. 197 * * * o one Or ee ed 3} Competition, Rochester chea fies. US ee: Motse Colonial say Portsmouth Nee 235 Sie eb NTS ee ere meteee si = Compost heap, the. ....-.. nccocn eapey Seg EROESS TORO TERE URSA GIN ope secuecus7 232 Seed-testing, new station in Paris... 2... 78 peuercte in the building of the small country Fsces ee rE Wheeler Nee eee ate ah ES OFA homesteadanaeneeer cere 66 ESCM te ee oc ee wre ine nieneins 157 Soe D d it ewell) R- V. V-, @yster Bay, EL. T......... 482 Concrete ornaments for the gardens, how to louse of J. ee seeks nw ocSs Pa. eae Sitting=rOompmporcheeeerreeninace see eee IQI MARE DEPDIELV © strc a2 200 os 359, 383, 426, 471 Hotces Meee! Fi ate oF ks t Hills 130 Sixteen houses at a moderate cost.......... 230 Conrow, T., Water Mill, Long Island...... 16 OL Tt AGRO ORS CAS ISS NA: HOSES: “SITS BAA ‘Small country house, artistic expression of Country home, birds and the... <1... #364 Houses, a group of small, inexpensive... 3) gait, @ Sai eee no es ee Country house, concrete in building of small . 157 SES UU IIe WENO Res) Ooo 20059 53 Soilby Makan a Serepee neste sryecorse cistern Uaetd eve ae *481 Houses, group of modern, at Nutley, N. J I +: : Country house, the modern...............:. 305 oy 8, & 1 t eas ah ff ay 43 Stenciling, new, developments in............ IIo ees Z small country home............. 194 ese SE ISIE OFS NS Sie) SOE or63 Stephens, C. H., Rose Valley, Pa........... 05 BOCKEE Gav atesey, ING Ya ...,-10 turer conse 207 cer SEG Oe Se Ob ie ag seaaiss SLTON Sava Gay \VViabatiye Masser risieilereiete 386 is eee Houses, sixteen, at a moderate cost......... 230 St, : 2 Se 4g House, sal, ata omall eoatsvccss csc... Sy USS De ce ee ss Ah House, the healthiest in the world.......... 269 = Se Bes Elousessthesprotitablenermremsn ener cee 290 To : : pL Wiel on Gimleexinotons Massscncese cane 248 “Daclinstone are Se SU och oO OC oe House with a guaranteed cost, a........... 321 Trees,’ trimming AG OE Seg +270 eee Cheat al MrelliSesteencsicas tree kesscer Decoration, carrots as a house.............. 4II : aOR: aoloa Ba etek gl Pte SGA fo gatine hiag neg 343 Decorative features in the small home...... 142 Inn, the Wayside. Re eran Se 322 pines cle crees Tae ae ae *270 Dose cont Nainse 304 linis! cardenwmthemmakine oh aneyemeeaens ee 140 Teens alae oe aie a arent: ae DIMI S-SOOHML, 165 USAGE? ooo cod ctor e cin ee neve 31 5 j s SOE Dino collection of historic armor, the........ 59 Johnson, J. L., house at Hackensack, N. J... 204 Vacati ; ti : 5 ) ACAtO nmol C-Illa Kin OMe eiiciteeieieeieeice 347 as Been Pee oi Renn Be ; Van Buren, T. B., Kennebunkport, Maine... 451 5 gis, ra., aimed. . i ILGAKYES, GAEINE coseoonecbsa000n0000050000800 103 Ventilation, practical suggestions for do- Lee, G., Beverly Farms, Mass.............. 417 TESEIC MRRP ata «oe feicineln vice se Sc 183 Economizing garden Space oes Hae ciara 37 “Lindens, The,” 1B, Ss Williams tee eee ee eee 286 “Ville al Mare,” Gmlbeeses. 5. 8 eee 417 Evolution of the small house plan........... 150 Loom, what can be done in hand.......... 220 ; Wall gardens ..... ad9n00e vesgdn9oRSND000RS 242 Farming experiment Diya wOrternve aasrenriccc. 443 Mamillana rhodantha, a specimen of........ 3o Watercress culture in France............... 201 BessibsoOlens (aS: \Clathe joe. seni eve sae viese 177. Mansions of the Rappahannock River, his- ONES UGTA NS oe cocaceppssosssocssone 22 Piseplaces aud fire-irons............2...++5 488 COT CR ei re ee tes roy NiValebre,” (Gods Smiths oooooonss5b5e5 sue 304 “Firenze Cottage,” D. Guggenheim......... 337. Metal, the craft of hammering and piercing 463 Wheeler, J. E, New Haven, Conn.......... 330 Blectwood,, RK. V. V. Sewell... 20s se. 482 Method of housekeeping, a new............ *77 Wild mushrooms, (1g ORR ENC A oer 261 RIGA Ae oe cae Oct ee 406 Miller, Mrs. M. R., Tarrytown-on-Hudson.. 217 Williams, E. S., Nahant, Mass............ 286 Flower-box beauty SCO BUECOOUEG LOE COULD ites, Wwibsanteray Ope PEN. WHPscoc0ccc00n0enbenasaGdG 25 Williams, J. R., Haverford, Pater cee Srey, Forest conservation at Biltmore............ 274 Modern country house, the...............-- 395 “Willow Brook House,” F. E. Bond...... 377 oe DC, Glendale, Massi.i6s eh. ens 5 Monthly comment, *4, *44, *84, *124, *216, *256 Windows, in the house, colored........... *30 trick, © ¥, “Eriple Gable” house......... 113 #206, *336, *376, *416, *456 Winter, roses for......................... 93 ERI A ACW SICSICCED | 6 0 ices cee wee caine *65 Motor houses for the small country place, Women, a farming experiment by.......... 443 Furnishing the nursery ........0ccccceccece 400 TTTOC GLU Sere prec ners, Thar achey cia clatelatel Magersteods Syn, sbi 146 Wood, A. K., Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y.... 200 Furniture for the small home............... Ee4n aViashrootisy thelwilde soe: 15 0-/-i80 9- 261 Wood garden, a........--..+.+ eee eee esses 70 Two layers of glass instead of one. Needs no covering. Hard work eliminated. Winter Gardening for profit and pleasure Get some Sunlight Double Glass Sash. You will have lettuce, cauliflower, radishes and the like for your table; and for field work you will have the earliest vegetables and flower plants. The Sunlight Sash has two layers of glass with a cushion of dry air between, which protects the plants even in zero weather. Mats and boards no longer needed with Sunlight Sash; it does away with all the drudgery. Write to-day for catalog and information. Fast freight, safe delivery guaranteed. A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded SunticHT Dousie Grass SasH Co. 943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company R Al SCIENCE Fanaa oes Send for booklet on the wonderful bacteriological prepara- tion which exterminates rats and mice and yet is harmless to other animals, birds and human beings. DANYSZ 9 IRUS Fireproofing Departments: ‘ : WASHINGTON ALBERT OLIVER, 1 Ae SON AES NEW YORK $ : Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building " ! Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, Dept. Z, 25 OLD SLIP, NEW YORK CITY #4 CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street | SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Manadneck Bldg BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc ATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company Koll’s Patent Lock-Joint Columns JUST PUBLISHED | The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR © © < PRACTICAL guide to estimating the : cost of labor and material in building : construction from excavation to finish, with S various practical examples of work pre- s ae sented in detail, and with labor figured ee chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for The Best for Pergolas, Porches or a. | architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- ~~ an Seen : Neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 © . 2 2 < inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid Ne Company Elston and Webster Avenues AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS CHICAGO, ILL. A circular describing this book will be mailed on application HEE Mm Re ye eon oe MUNN & CO., Ince. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, ete. (See also " Sweet's Index.") COLUMBIA CONSTANTINO The Great Spanish Tenor Sings exclusively for the Columbia 10-inch Double-Disc Records $1.50 12-inch Double-Disc Records $2.50 OPA) MISHHIN Moe ~ GRAFONOLA THE ONE INCOMPARABLE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT The Grafonola marks an epoch in the evolution of the perfect musical instrument. By its use of Double-Disc talking-machine records, it is in reality a Graphophone —but a Graphophone of marvelous richness of tone, and entirely self-contained— without the horn of any other recognizable talking-machine feature. Its construction embodies entirely unique principles of sound-reproduction and of tone-projection. The added $25, in the $225 instrument, secures you a Regina equipment, including twelve Regina tune discs, that in a smaller casing is being placed in thousands of drawing-rooms at $100. The Regina Music-Box has its hosts of friends among lovers of music. Its combination with the Grafonola brings to the home everything that can be sung or spoken or played. There are “ concealed-horn’’ talking-machines on the market already. If you will make just one comparison you will own a Grafonola. You can*make this comparison by stepping into any store where Columbia records are carried in stock—or you can do it fairly well by mail. We have an advance sheet ready for you. Ask for the Grafonola catalog. Double-Disc Records —65c. Played on your own machine, no matter whether it’s a Columbia or not, Columbia Double-Disc Records will give you better music and longer service. Get Columbia Double-Discs. Don’t take ‘‘no” for an answer. We can give you the address of a nearby dealer; or send us 65 cents and we will send you a sample record, postage free, with a catalog. COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY, GEN’L, Dept. K K12, Tribune Building, New York THE COLUMBIA Manufacturers of Disc and Cylinder Graphophones—$20 to $200— Double-Dise and Indestructible Cylinder Records. Dealers in all principal cities. Headquarters for Canada—264 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ont. DEALERS WANTED : Exclusive selling rights given where we are not properly represented DE LUXE - $ 200.°° i" (WITH REGINA ATTACHMENT $225.°°)