“a =“) FS AMERICAN © HOMES -7¢ GARDENS ©2002e20006 20000 080% 5 a ° ieee RY Ni Ady oe DX > JZ) EMMOTT, HIPS TUT STITT | A — yp % G =i MLL Bonn ft PERETTI REET SE ~EKIN WALLICK— _ IBInIES quis £3 =) oY BA PY) \ ee fo nme cee ee nn Vol. VII. No. 1 $3.00 A YEAR January, 1910 PRICE, 25 CENTS MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers HALL CLOCKS Our line comprises the finest and most complete designs of high-class clocks Erected for Howard Gould, at Castlegould, L. I. onthe market. Our move- ments are superior in nearly every detail and SY, 9 F d f F] ‘) the purchaser is assured ou re on O owers: that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” Then why not have them We will soon have Wi ready for delivery, our new all inter > Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. A greenhouse will be one of the greatest pleasures you Michaels. ever put your money in—and a lasting pleasure at that. Our “Willard” or Banjo . : , eith Clock is a model of perfec- Flowers whenever you want them, either potted or tion and appeals to those cut—and fresh, crisp vegetables. A place to delightfully who desire a first-class work off a little surplus energy and time. It doesn’t neces- article in every respect. sarily have to be a large house—just large enough to look after yourself, if you want to. SOT oa We Sh If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct May we send you some interesting information on the for illustrated catalogue. subject? Waltham Clock Company Hitchings & Company Itham, Mass. : ae Waltham, Mass Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. elias ie Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach or all who have an interest inthe building of homes. ‘) he designs are compiled witha view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexp~nsive omes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with the details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accom- panied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from$1,000 to $3.000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and Ad t ] i details of construction, all drawn to scale together with brief descrip- vance y es tions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and ° Q © details. Spring and Summer Furnishings 4 No.3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details We are exhibiting much earlier than usual Advanced Styles A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000; em- 7 r ishi i, bracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior for spring and summer fu n ng and exterior Aner and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the Bed-room suites in Enamel, Bird’s-eye-Maple and White specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of Mahogany, including charming reproductions and adaptations of J floor plans, elevations and details. French Period designs and distinctly new patterns built on No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Classic lines, yet revealing an unmistakable note of individuality Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, Dy, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, and character. elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. We direct attention to our importations of Upholstery and lllustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of 5 A G 5 O the completed structures, and 75 full page plates of plans, elevations Decorative Fabrics, suitable for spring and suramer decorations, ] = and details. : ley fenal al dest d Sralleawit : ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID In exciusive Materials an esigns, and cordially invite Compari- (SoldiSepacaieles son of prices with the best values obtainable elsewhere. NCPublish GEO. Cc FUNT Co. M U N N & G » SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York 43-47 West 23"ST. —- 24-28 West 24"Sr - rs : — mtHSONI¢An “~ oN ‘Afy 79 4OR0 January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AUG? 2 Seo q , MOTTS PLUMBING i st ae illustration is a good sample of the old order of hanging lamp, using the modern illuminant— | electricity —in place of the orig- | inal oil font. | The Eno: Company Makers of Lighting Fixture Office and Factory: SEVENTH AVE. and 16th ST Salesrooms : 6 WEST 37th ST. BALTIMORE: 519 North Charles Street SAN FRANCISC 34 ex Street | TORONTO ; 94 West PITTSBURGH: The CHICAGO :W. K Co oe SPOKANE: Cutter & Plummet, Inc. , 203 Michigar Blyd. Ao Et l d SEATTLE: care Gleason Co., 1914 2nd A Bae = 0 LOUIS : N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. B > ENEUO/ an closet In the Mott potteries and ROsPON BLE. Estabrook, Inc.,.9 Park St. \ | as illustrated—price $74,900, foundries are produced a com- BAL ROHAAT AW Rng Ca aN Los ANGELES: Brooks Decorating Co., 696S. Alvarado St | They occupy a minimum space plete line of fixtures in Imperial and are appropriate for small Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware residences, apartment houses or and Enameled Iron. Consequent- ly it 25 not necessary for us to com- mend one material to the ex- clusion of the others. We offer the buyer a practically unlimit- MacROremxtinessis nthe elreapest ed) choice jn material, design on the market. and price. MODERN Ae an aid to the selection of appropriate fixtures, we ave prepared in our booklet “Modern Plumbing” a PLUMBING series of designs for bathrooms ranging in price ane $85 to $3,000. This book suggests where to use Imperial Solid Porce- lain, Vitreous Ware or Enameled Iron to the best advantage, and gives wherever substantial fixtures at moderate price sare desiralble—— in fact quality considered, this WM. A. STROUT, Architect, New York Damp PETRIFAX _ Resisting Interior and Exterior Coating for Brick, illustrations with costs of individual fixtures in each material. There are Cement or Concrete. also helpful hints on decoration and tiling. IE AS DEXTER BROTHERS’ ee ODT TRON | WORKS oe ect ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS 1828 OVER EIGHTY VEARS OF SUPREMACY 166) Te ER SES a en FIFTH AVENUE AND SEVENTEENTH ST. New Orléans; San Francisco, Son Antonia? Tie Rede sud eaubialGiver Giese: ING Ee Wi YOO. RAK (Oe Sit tana eee BOREIC Ong TaCtELeyeito Write for catalogue and samples. | ; CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE GET. 105 BROAD STREET, BOSTON RIGHTY VERS OF SUPREMACY : eee ea EF ane (New York TING GENUINE MOTT warE, LooK [IfV@lrg| | | _simces'encte cismnmgee ty FOR THE MOTT LABEL ON EACH PIECE. cago; John D. S. Potts, 21S Race St., Philadelphia: F. } McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, M a Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F.S. Coombs, Halifax, N-S. Sample and £Y A House Lined with Circuiar Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. ¢ + Photographs and de- + + + + + > + + + + + The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, * + + + + + + + + + ; scriptions of genuine ! antique pieces sent on request. List your wants of antiques with me. RALPH WARREN BURNHAM IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. GREGORY’S Special Flower Seed Offer 50 cents worth for 10 cents CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY J. J. H. Gregory & Son Marblehead, - Mass. tt ttt ttt tt tttttt+ il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS leaner se RARE SS { Popular Scientific Books | STAGE ILLUSIONS: AND SCIENTIFIC (€ DIVERSIONS, INCLUDING TRICK PHOTOGRAPHY gy Compiled and Edited by ALBERT A. HOPKINS With an Introduction by Henry Ridgely Evans vo. 568 Pages. 420 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid HIS unique work appeals to the professional and amateur alike and will prove a welcome addition to any library. It is the acknowledged standard work on magic. ‘The illusions are illustrated by the highest class of engravings, and are all explained in detail, showing exactly how the tricks are performed. Great attention is paid to the exposes of large and important illusions, in many cases furnished by the prestidigitateurs themselves. Conjuring is not neglected, a selection of some of the best known of these tricks having been made. The work cannot fail to be of interest to young and old, and there is hardly anyone who is in anyway in- terested in either science or magic to whom it will not appeal. It is beautifully printed and attractively bound. An illustrated circular and table of contents will be sent on application. EXPERIMEN TAL SCIENCE By GEORGE M. HOPKINS Twenty-fifth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged 1,100 Pages, over 900 Illustrations Two Octavo Volumes; Price in Cloth, $5.00; Half Morocco, $7.00, Postpaid © book treats on the various topics of physics in a popu- A MAGIC lar and practical way. It describes the apparatus in detail, and explains the experiments in full, so that teachers, students and others interested in physics may readily make the apparatus without expense, and perform the experiments without difficulty. The aim of the writer has been to render physical ex- perimentation so simple and attractive as to induce both old and young to engage in it for pleasure and profit. All intelligent persons should have at least an elementary knowledge of physics to enable them to understand and appreciate what is going on in j the world. This can be acquired by reading “Experimental Science.” As a gift from em- ployer to employee, from parent to child, from student to teacher, nothing could be more appropriate or acceptable. It is the most thoroughly illustrated work ever published on Experimental Physics, and its unprecedented sale shows conclusively that it is the book of the age for teachers, students, experimenters, and all others who desire a general knowledge of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Illustrated and descriptive circular on application. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND I2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. HIS is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording enter- tainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for build- ing the various articles. The needs of the boy camper are sup- plied by the directions for making tramping outfits, sleeping-bags and tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snow-shoes and skis, besides ice-boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a pe- culiar Swedish contrivance called a “rennwolf.” Among the more instructive subjects covered are surveying, wigwagging, helio- graphing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple cantilever bridge, are described. The Scientific American Cyclopedia of Receipts, Notes and Queries In Three Bindings. Price, Cloth, $5; Sheep, $6; Half Morocco, $6.50, Postpaid. ©: is a careful compilation of the most useful receipts ES, which have appeared in the Scientific American for more than half a century. Over 15,000 selected formulas are here collected, nearly every branch of the useful arts being represented. It is the most complete volume on the subject of receipts ever pub- lished. It has been used by chemists, technologists and those un- familiar with the arts with equal success, and has demonstrated that itis a book which is useful in the laboratory, factory or home. An al- phabetical arrangement, with abundant cross-references, makes it an easy work to consult. The Appendix contains the very latest formulas as wellas 41 tables of weights and measures and a dictionary of chem- ical synonyms. A full table of contents will be sent on application. Home Mechanics for Amateurs By GEORGE M. HOPKINS, Author of “Experimental Science” 12m0o, 370 Pages, 320 Illustrations. Price, $1.50, Postpaid. HE book deals with wood-working, household ornaments, metal- working, lathe work, metal spinning, silver working; making model engines, boilers and water motors ; making telescopes, micro- scopes and meteorological instruments, electrical chimes, cabinets, bells, night lights, dynamos and motors, electric light, and an electrical fur- nace. A thoroughly practical book by the most noted amateur experi- menter in America. For the boy and the more mature amateur. Holi- days and evenings can be profitably occupied by making useful articles for the home or in building small engines or motors or scientific in- struments. Table of contents furnished on application. MUNN & CO. Inc., Publishers, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CAFS CSO CEFOCEFO CEFODCEFO CEFO CFO CEFO CMTS January, 1910 A TALK ABOUT PLANTING TREES By E. P. Powe Lt. HE owner of a small country place | will do well to learn as soon as possible the simple art of planting. Let us begin with the soil. Never plant when it is sticky. This will de- stroy the little fibrous roots with which the tree feeds, and if the tree is not entirely killed its development will be checked for months, if not years. Spread the roots out in loose, moist, but not wet dirt, and the growth will be immediate. In the second place never incorporate unfermented ma- nure in the soil about the roots. It is a great mistake to suppose that a shovelful of manure in the hole will be of any benefit to the tree. It will always do harm, and gener- ally will kill the tree. There are very few of our trees that will endure anything of the kind, even after they have started growth. You may spread manure as a mulch, but even there you must be cautious. In the third place never leave the dirt loose, but compact it as tightly as possible around the roots. Tread it down, and pound it down, for you cannot get it too tight,—that is provided it 1s not wet and sticky. In the fourth place never fail to slightly mound up the dirt around your tree so as to run the water away from, rather than have it settle about the tree. This rule of course must be modified in a dry climate, and in sandy soil there is less danger. But if you plant your tree in the fall it is quite important not to have the water settle about it during the winter. After pounding the dirt down let the top dirt be loose. Top dress now with a mulch. This is exceedingly important with spring plant- ing, as a few dry days will draw the mois- ture away from the fine roots, and the tree will be past recovering in a very short time. The best very common mulch is coal ashes. This is porous material, and will let the moisture in and hold it there; at the same time it never makes mud. During the sum- mer, weeds, grass, and almost any waste material will serve for mulch. Do not make the mistake of trying’ to drive your tree into rapid growth when young. Asa rule small trees are whipped up with too much food, and old trees are starved altogether. Better feed your old trees liberally, and your young trees care- fully. So when you plant your tree let it have only good vegetable mould, and if ma- nure is used at all place it on the surface. This matter is extremely important; for stimulating is the ruin of young cherry trees and pear trees particularly. An apple tree that will give you three feet of wood in a season is growing fast enough. I some- times have them pointed out as growing prosperously, because they give two of three times that wood. Sound wood will not be made with such rapidity, nor well- ripened wood, to resist the cold of winter. A pear tree should be simply kept grow- ing; never allowed to stop; but never filled up with a lot of shoot sthat cannot ripen. On the contrary cut back at least one-third of the growth each year. Tree planting of apples, pears and heavy trees of all sorts, can generally be accom- plished better in the spring than in the fall. If planted in the fall they should be se- curely staked and tied, so that there will not be the slightest swaying of them in the wind, or bending with snow. Black rasp- berries, and as a rule stone fruits, had better be set in the spring. If the soil is not likely to be ready when spring ship- ments are received, they can be ordered in 3 i 3 ? January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “DEFIANCE” Wood-working Machinery Stop heating nightmares FOR MAKING AUTOMOBILE WHEELS AND BODIES, WAGON AND CARRIAGE WHEELS, HUBS, SPOKES, WAGONS, RIMS, CARRIAGES, SHAFTS, POLES, NECK-YOKES, SINGLETREES, HOOPS, HANDLES, SPOOLS, BOBBINS, INSULATOR PINS, OVAL WOOD DI_AES AND FOR GENERAL WOOD WORK. Invented and Built By THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO Your dreams about heating may be made bliss- ful or dreadful—as you choose. | a ela: It is not the nightmare alone that comes ee oe ee from the work and worries of old-fashioned heating—you find your heating nightmares are real- ) ities in the morning. They are real nuisances which ei your peace of mind by day and wreck your sleep by night. But there’s a remedy. afford the only means of heating which bring repose and health. These outfits for Hot-Water and Low-Pressure Steam heating produce nothing but cleanly, soft, even temperature— suited to a baby or an athlete. ‘They should be RADIATORS BOILERS installed in every home. They save their cost by cutting down the coal bills. They do away with ash-dust, soot, and hard work. Their cleanliness saves much wear on household furnishings. They are so built in small sections that they can be easily put in any house—old or new—farm or city. Any person, no matter how inexperienced, may easily operate an IDEAL Boiler. It requires less care than a pamlon stove. Our book, “Best Ways to Run the Boiler,” furnished with each shipment, tells just how to get the best results in mild, cold, or severe weather, and from any kind of fuel. It presents a few simple rules, readily under- stood, and iffollowed gives abso- lute control ofthe fire,and makes every ounce of fuel yield its full heat. Our interest in the heating out- fit does not cease with its sale, - and should any feature in the’ ~ care or operation of the Boiler | Desa No. 405—Book No. 3 ARE~YOU A, PROSPECTIVE SPRING BUILDER ? You Need Our Books THEY'RE FILLED WITH PRACTICAL IDEAS AND MONEY-SAVING PLANS Merce A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boilerand 600 ft. or A No. 22 IDEAL Boiler and 240 ft. 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing of 38-in. AMERICAN. Radiators, cost- , i h i , d not be unde ood e ! ne id e me = Ae Se GE oe nes used to Hot. ing t ae (Own denote used to t = i =e sa NouleonuReci s, cost $1,500 to $5,000 ___ : e cottag ‘ ., dially invite correspondence No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000 0 At these prices tic »uuds can be bought ofany reputable, competent fitter. This ially i It EE) ° Ort 5 Resi ces, = ~ - 1.00 did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is Write us to-day for our new and extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. valuable catalog—sent free. acta AMERICAN RADIATOR GOMPANY | “essere ° oa ols of oe ols fe ols oe oN os of of obs ae alle otfe MEs of os ols oe ots alts ot No. 3. 25 Concrete Residences. meek ae . 1.00 Books Sent Prepaid on Receipt of Price Arthur G. Lindley Co., Aecksecs: SCHENECTADY, N. Y. WE ENTER LARGE COMPETITIONS FOR ANY TYPE BUILDING iL oo? OI ONJAL houses {| demand simple treatment in hardware orna- mentation. A design in French Renaissance or L’Art Nouveau would be incongruous. For homes of Colonial Architecture, Sargent & Company provide a wide range |i HE most modern, and best illuminating and of choice in hardware RS cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, trimmings. 2 is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 9 to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Sarge I rt S 8 Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, S heats Sadie idual rooms between seasons—drives pump- Artistic Hardware = ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF adds not only to the artistic beauty of any home, but increases its selling : MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR BXPECTA- value as well. The vast superiority in appearance and the wearing quali- | & TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. ties of paren Ss ee HOG than cine any slight EGOS Bo cst = over inferior goods ven if the most expensive goods are selecte nN = LAS the cost of the hardware is but a small proportion of the total cost of |& Send for Catalogue and Proposition. ing. : = Sargent’s Book of Designs—Sent FREE ; Low Price Pac ee City Gas or Elec- illustrates a number of hardware patterns especially for homes of Colonial ‘ Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. Design. But among the seventy and more styles pictured can be found designs appropriate for any style, period or architectural motif. In addition to the Book of Designs we will send free to anyone requesting it our | & COLONIAL BOOK—showing Cut Glass Knobs, Knockers, etc. Address |§ C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. SARGENT & CO. 1°6 Leonard St., New York SS 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND’ GARDENS January, 1910 Lane Tubular Track and Hanger Is Our Latest Pattern ALL STEEL RAIL AND HANGER FRAME L epee pins @ The simplest and cheapest Hanger, that can’t jump the track and allows the door to swing outward a considerable distance without cramping either Track or Hanger. LANE BROS. CO. 434.466 PROSPECT STREET POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. if furnish covery able grade Q SHOWROOMS | 91 DEARBORN: ST. GENERAL OFFICES _ 601 LAKE /CHICAGO) | the fall and heeled in—so as to be ready for use exactly when the soil is right. Never plant anything but stocky trees; and after you have found a nurseryman who knows how to grow trees, tell him just what you want, and he will probably supply it. As a rule do not buy little trees, by mail. This might do with rare things, but it is nonsense with apples and pears. The little things are liable to damage in many ways, and must be cut sharply back, near the ground, to make new trunks. Whip stalks, either in fruit or shade trees, are of no value. It will take ten or fifteen years to make anything of them, unless you cut them sharp to the ground—just above the graft. As a rule also even stocky trees must be sharply pruned. The best way is to ask your nurseryman to do it for you, unless you are sure of your own skill. Peach trees should be cut to a clean pole, and all other fruit trees left with only very short spurs. Cut pear trees back to two or three feet, and apples to three or four. The handling of evergreens is a matter by itself. The first rule is never to let the sun or the air touch the roots; keep them wet all the time, and thoroughly puddle them as soon as placed in the ground. Then mulch them very heavily, with any- thing at hand, old straw, or grass, or any waste material. Ifa dry spell occurs keep them soaked, for the first few weeks. In this way you can move a very large ever- green, but otherwise you will lose even small ones. Shear them into shape, and shear sharply, as soon as dug; but never cut a limb back of the needles or leaves. If you do, that limb is permanently ruined. Later trimming will work in the same way. Too much mulching cannot be done for an evergreen hedge, not for the first five years. NEW BOOKS A Hanpspoox oF Hospitality For Town AND Country. By Florence Howe Hall. Boston: Dana, Estes & Co. BE pesr2: Good breeding is one of the essentials of modern life. And it is one of the rarest. It is an art that is difficult to define, and difficult to practise without long training, but it is still eminently an essential. The author of this book covers a very wide field, as her title suggests; on the whole she covers it wisely and well, and her book should be welcomed by many people who, with the best intentions in the world, may not always know just how to behave or what to do under given conditions. Here, every thing is set down, catalogued, ar- ranged, explained and illustrated. It is a book well worth making, and it has been well made, with skill, care, taste and knowl- edge. In the sudden development of enormous wealth in our own country, writes the author in her instruction, there is some danger that we shall be dazzled by the pomp and display of the very rich and that we shall lose sight of the true nature of hospitality. It does not consist in gorgeous show and ceremony, although these may sometimes form its accompaniments. It consists in the sharing with our brother the enjoyment of our possessions, whether these are material or spiritual. The duty of hospitality is a part of the Christian duty of giving to others. These are lofty principles, and a book written from this point of view cannot be otherwise than helpful and suggestive. An adhesion to its principles and a regard for the modes and methods it advocates will January, 1910 add to the natural agreeableness of any hostess, and help the guest as well. THE TRAINING OF Farmers. By L. H. Bailey. New York: The Century Co. Ppwzoe. brice pico met, If all the farmers everywhere were to read Prof. Bailey’s books there would be a marvellous betterment in American agricul- ture, provided the ideas and principles he elucidates were put into practical operation. The present book, which appeared in whole or in part in the monthly columns of the Century Magazine, does not deal with agri- cultural methods, but with the education and training of farmers as farmers. ‘This, it will at once be seen, is something very different from the schooling of farmers’ sons, or of the farmers themselves if they neglected or had no opportunities in their youth. It should be apparent that a book of this scope must ‘be one that deals with a prob- lem of first rate importance. Prof. Bailey approaches the subject with an open mind and with long experience. A wise man himself, and carefully trained, with many years spent in practical work, he is pre- cisely the one to discuss the many weighty topics treated in this book in a sane and helpful way. It is a book alive with ideas, and a really notable contribution to the highly important topic of the relationship of education to farming. THE Boy PIoNEErRs. Sons oF DANIEL Boone. By D.C. Beard. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 329. - Price, $2.00 net. Dan Beard is one of the men who never grow old. He has been writing and illus- trating books for years and years, and this his latest, shows him as young and fresh as he ever was. It is a fine youthful sub- ject he has, and this helps no doubt; but it needs enthusiasm to write engagingly for boys, and this fine quality Mr. Beard pos- sesses in an eminent degree. To a considerable extent this volume is a handbook for the Society of the Sons of Daniel Boone, an organization for boys in- vented and promoted by Mr. Beard. But it is pre-eminently a boys’ book for boys, and one does not have to be a member of the author’s thriving juvenile society to ap- preciate its many suggestions nor to be de- barred from following out his ideas. It is a book.of out-of-doors, too; of healthy nor- mal boy life in the open, an active busy life in which boys live and work and do things. Mr. Beard tells them what to do and how to do it, and he illustrates his text with numerous drawings of his own that tell the stories quite as well as his own written words. Here, then, is an outdoor book of the best kind for boys. There is lots of fun in it, plenty to do, ingenious suggestions and a multitude of helpful and delightful things in which boys may be depended upon to be interested. Mr. Beard writes with the ex- perience, he tells us, of thirty years; as boys go nowadays he has long passed the boy age. But he has not lost his enthusiasm for boys; he loves them and understands them; and his work and his books are successful because of these basic facts. In A YORKSHIRE GARDEN. By Reginald Farrer. New York: Longmans Green & Co. Pp. 316. This is a charming and delightful book; not at all a “garden” book as generally understood; but a book for the study; a book to read for the pleasure of reading; a book for a quiet hour. And when you have finished you have learned a lot; a lot Continued on page , SMALL SIZE MORE THAN A QUARTER POUND 25>. SOLD AT OUR RETAIL STORES AND SALES AGENTS EVERYWHERE. Don’t Be Knocked Over By Stenches from Backyard Debris Why not look up the Stephenson Method? Seven years on the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by ali"é THE STEPHENSON Underground Garbage Receiver prevents the swill from freezing _ Underfloor Refuse Receiver for ashes —— Underground Earth Closets for Camps PrHE STEDHENSON | 4 Portable Metal Houses for Above veage rer Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two High-class Bathroom Accessories SOLD DIRECT. Send for Circular on each C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg., 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Massachusetts Price, Four Dollars Industrial Alcohol TRIAL |! ALCOHOL TURE oY HAN ISES We RICAN sce this country. Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. manufacturer, the power-producer, the householder, will all find that denatured al i tance to them, that its use and introduction will effect savings and economies which were hi ble of accomplishment. Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and Yeast Preparation, Fer lation, Rectification and Purification of Alcohol, Alcohol and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods r Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, tical Review. and the United States Law By JOHN K. BRACHVOGEL, M.E. HE value and significance of a tax-free alcohol have been so wi cussed in the press and periodical literature of thee n is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of to our agricuitural and industrial interests. For years we the nations of Europe in this regard, and in consequence our literature has been tive works covering this phase of industrial activity. This book was designed w t filling this want, and it is the latest and most comprehensive work of its kind which has been p ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s ““Introduction to Distillation’? as revised by Drs. Delbriick and Lange COMPRISING FOR SALE A T ASE LE BQOOKSTORES ever brought out. plates. One dollar each. MUNN & CO., INC, Sold separately. ELT OR TIS 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Cottage Desiqns By far the most complete collection of plans Illustrated with full-page Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500. No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES Upward of twenty-f 3 osti -hve designs, co ms, at costs ranging from Twenty => No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES Twenty selected designs, costing from about $3,000 upward. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 JUST PUBLISHED Three New Instructive Books SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture BY RALPH C. DAVISON 12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. Price, $1.50 Postpaid A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject HIS work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental shapes. The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. They are entitled: L, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; IlJ., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV., Plaster Molds for Objects Having Curved Outlines; V., Combination of Casting and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; VI., Glue Molds; VII., Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing’ Designs with Same; VIII., Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Concrete Benches ; XII., Concrete Fences; XIII., Miscellaneous, In- cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. The first two chapters explain a most unique and original method of working pottery whick has been developed by the author, The chapter on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this class of work. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has explained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. Handy Man’s Workshop | The Scientific American and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- ip fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or “‘kinks”’ as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up a Workshop ; IJ., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. 2 Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the Holidays HIS book is a sequel to ‘‘The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand aL copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy” so popular and interesting to the boy. It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter II., Building a Dam; Chapter IIJ., The Skiff; Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A ‘Pedal Paddle-Boat”’; Chapter VIII, Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII., The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXVII., Geyser Fountain. MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii Sand-Lime Bricks By E. W. Smythe HERE seems to be a general impression Se that sand-lime brick is a new and untried WSS WEA building material; scarcely out of the ex- perimental stage. Although sand-lime brick can not boast of a pedigree traced to the time of the Pharaohs or the Tower of Babel, still it has been in use long enough to establish without doubt its quality as a first-class building material. Sand-lime brick were first made in Potsdam, Germany, about 1820. Potsdam, situated in central Germany, is surrounded by a broad sandy plain; there being no clay or stone available for building purposes, sand and lime were made into mortar, molded into bricks and allowed to cure from three to four months in the open air. These bricks withstood all the required tests, and increased in hardness with age. The attention of Dr. Michaelis, of Berlin, in 1880 was attracted to this peculiar kind of brick, and after experimentation he discovered, that by subjecting the green brick to steam under pressure the brick after a few hours were rendered as hard as though they had been exposed to the atomsphere for many months. After the discovery made by Mr. Michaelis, the manufacture of sand-lime brick increased rapidly throughout Germany and many large plants for their production were erected. In our own country the oldest sand-lime brick of which we have any record are those in the walls of a house in Mobile, Ala., built fifty years ago. As to whether these bricks were made in this country or elsewhere is not known, but at any rate they are in good condition and appear to have been made in a manner similar to those first made in Germany. But not until 1901 were sand-lime brick manufactured in any considerable quantity in the United States; during this year two plants were in operation. In 1903 there were 16 plants; in 1904, 57, and in 1905, 130. At present there are probably about 200 plants. Among these plants there is a great diversity in the manner of handling and combining their materials. These differences occur from local con- ditions and the way in which they hydrate the lime and the manner of incorporating the lime with the sand. In a general way, I shall now describe the process of manufacturing sand-lime brick as carried on by the plant in this city, and then refer briefly to some of the methods used by other manufacturers. The sand as it is brought in dump cars from the bank is shoveled into an elevator boot from which it is elevated about 35 feet, and discharged upon a vibrating screen. Here it is run through a 44-inch mesh screen and falls into a conveyor over the numerous coils of a steam drier. ‘The sand must be perfectly dry. There can be no half-way place in regard to the dryness of the sand, for you cannot mix sand and lime intimately unless both are thoroughly dry. The wet sand as it rests upon the pipes dries and runs down into a hopper-shaped bin in the bottom of which is a conveyor for drawing the sand out as it is needed. The lime is slacked in water-tight steel boxes mounted on wheels. Each of these has a capacity of about 450 pounds of dry slacked lime, a quantity sufficient for one thousand brick. The quicklime is weighed out, placed in the boxes and the proper quantity of water added to it. To determine the correct amount of water to apply to the lime in order that a dry slack may be secured, is not always easy, as the lime when received at the factory is nearly always more or less air-slacked, and also there is consider- able variation in the quality of lime even when the lime- stone comes from the same ledge. After applying the water the lime cars are run under the brick cars in the same cylinder in which the bricks are hardened, and the slacking is thus completed, and the surplus of moisture (if not too great) dried out. The dry slacked lime is now dumped from the cars upon a “grizzly” which takes out all the large cores. Passing through the “grizzly,” the lime de- scends into a hopper and is conveyed to an elevator which discharges it into a bolting machine where all the small cores are extracted. Leaving the bolting machine the lime falls into a bin directly opposite the bin containing the dry sand. Between the lime and sand bins is a measuring device, and the dry sand and lime are brought to it by conveyors placed in the bottoms of their respective bins. The right proportions being measured out, the mixture is allowed to fall into a preliminary mixer where for two or three minutes the sand and lime receive their first mixing. Passing on from this mixer the sand and lime are fed by a conveyor into a tubemill where they are thoroughly ground and mixed, and each grain of sand is completely coated with minute lime particles. Leaving the tubemill the mix is at once elevated to a pugmill where just sufficient water is added to cause it to cling together when compressed tightly inthe hand. The pugmill discharges the dampened material into a 4-mold press. The green bricks are loaded upon cars, 1,000 to a car, and run into a large steel cylinder 50 feet long by 6 feet in diameter. After filling the cylinder (which holds a day’s run) live steam is turned into it. About two hours are required to bring the steam pressure up to 120 pounds per square.inch, which pressure is maintained for eight hours. After steaming, the brick are ready for market. ‘Twenty-four hours have elapsed since the sand left the bank until it leaves the cylinder a finished brick ready to lay in the wall. In several instances we have af- forded masons the unusual pleasure of laying hot brick on a cold morning. In the process of manufacture just described the lime was slacked before incorporation with the sand, but in some pro- cesses the quicklime is ground, then mixed with the sand and passed through a tube or ballmill. After grinding, the proper amount of water is added, and the mixture is con- veyed to a silo where it is permitted to slack and cure for 24 or 48 hours. It is then withdrawn and made into brick. Others grind but a part of their sand and lime, and some do no grinding whatever. There are some factories which use the damp sand directly as it comes from the bank; to this damp sand damp slacked lime is added. The two are run through a short pugmill, then to the press and made into brick. The process is beautiful for its simplicity, but the product is not a credit to the sand-lime industry. The materials entering into the manufacture of sand-lime brick are as common as those entering into the production of clay brick, but as all clays are not suitable for making good clay brick so all sands are not suitable for making good sand-lime brick. The sand must be clean and contain a high per cent of silica. Of all the impurities in sand, clay, Continued on page xii. Vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS atone Sa Th Cross section showing con- struction of 1%¢ inch door. are perfect doors. Beauty of Quarter-s is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. awed ‘Oak The name “Morgan” is branded on each door. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Zn our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,’? Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best i and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. M copy will be sent on request. Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. _ minaee Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. esa Se Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, IIl. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Marylande Its Chemistry, Manufacture C& Use Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses the testing of cement. Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an article by Prof. William K, Hatt giving an his- torical sketch of slag cement, Scientific American Suppiements 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and com- position, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a physico-chemical standpoint. Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the Edison Portland cement works, describing the machinery used. Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with materials which retard the activity of Portland cement. Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a resumé of the cement industry and gives some valuable formulae. Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. Stone is the author. Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry ot the U. S. Any ene of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York January, 1910 Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at Jess cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic zs. Economy Gas Machine il —z 4 Se Produces light, kitchen and Lighted the same as electric, but Write for booklet, ‘‘ The laundry fuel. without batteries. Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. HESS savmar’ LOCKER HE only modern Sanitary Steel Medicine Cabinet or Locker. Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow white, everlasting enamel,insideandout. i» FOR YOUR BATHROOM | Ci Costs less than wood and is better. Should be 2 in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin proof and easily cleaned with warm water. Made in four styles and three sizes. Price $7.00 and up. Send for illustrated circular. HESS, 926 L Tacoma Bld., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. ul @ Wyn I Wieiele ene (CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE of pure bred poultry, for 1910, 200 pages, handsomely illustrated, 150 engravings, photos, 30 fine colored plates, describes 65 leading varieties of land and water-fowls, gives low prices of stock, eggs, incuba- tors, poultry supplies,etc. Calendar for each month. How to care for poultry and all details. Only 10 cents. Send today. B. H. GREIDER, Box 11, RHEEMS, Pa. Which Price? Retail Store price, $40.00 “Come-packt” price, 19.25 Put the finished sections § together and save over half on Quartered White Oak SECTIONAL “ 0) -PACKT veape FURNITURE ~a-« 100 other handsome pieces in catalog—all GUARANTEED. Write today— Mailed Free. § Come-Packt Furniture Co. { 139 Edwin St., Ann Arbor, Mich. WANAMAKER’S Sporting Goods Department is in charge of Mr. A. H. Findlay, better known as “‘Alex. Findlay, e Daddy of American Golf.”’ rough the medium of the Wana- maker Mail Order Service, Mr. Findlay will be pleased to take up with those who cannot call in person all questions involving the lines of sport to which he has devoted his life. is advice and experience are at your service. On Tennis and Golf his decisions, as you know, are accepted as the last word. If you know just what you want in the way of a clu or racket—or if you have no idea what you want—Mr. Findlay is the man to whom to tell your troubles. @ Our January White Sale Catalog now ready—it’s FREE. Ask for it. Section 3 JOHN WANAMAKER New York \f° Quartered White Oak with Beveled French Plate Ny Mirror, 8x30 inches f The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE q a large number of diversions which, aside from af- fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for-building the vari- ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONVENT S FOR JANUARY, 1910 THE IMPOSING ENTRANCE PORCH AND FACADE TO THE RESIDENCE OF HENRY W. SCHULTZ, Kenilworth, III. NoTaBLE AMERICAN Homes—“Firianva,” the Tuxedo Home of the Rev. Canon George Wil- liam Douglas, D.D By Barr Ferree New Process FOR DAMASCENING, INLAYING AND BLENDING METALS. By Amos Bradley Simpson THE JAPANESE PERSIMMON By E. P. Powell AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION. ‘The Second Garden Prize of Fifty Dollars Won by Charles D. Davies, Englewood, New Jersey Some EAsTERN HomMes—Costing from Seven to Eight Thousand Dollars. By Francis Durando Nichols MARINE Mosaic By W. Cole Brigham A CoLoniaL House—The Residence of L. F. Rhoades, Esq., at Nutley, New Jersey. By Robert Prescott THE QUEBRACHO TREE OF SOUTH AMERICA FURNISHING THE FLaT—I. The Hall By Lilie Hamilton French FLowers ALL THE YEAR ROUND By S. Leonard Bastin AN ELEcrrRICAL HOUSEHOLD y Jacques Boyer THE RESIDENCE OF HENRY W. SCHULTZ, at Kenilworth, Illinois By Henry Hawley “Tow Gasies”—A Summer Home at Sound Beach, Connecticut By Burr Bartram A Talk About Pruning Trees Automobiles and Roads in France Sand Lime Bricks Garden Notes Correspondence New Books Pruning Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH; Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [ Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy Inojs = Hel = _— fo) = is vs N Bi ao} [S) op) > -_ [=] 7 onl [o} o S) i= oO mo) at o _ o oe = ° a oO it ©) Co oO i) he me) i=} Go fe (5) — {e) O. o [S) [=] oS 3 f=} o on i=) “Do ° QO, & o —& ke AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VII January, 191Q = Number | “Ejinanva:” The honeysuckle archway to the Pleasaunce 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 Monthly Comment The Unusual House N A general way and as a matter of good taste, the unusual house is a very safe kind of a house to avoid. The bizarre and the grotesque, the odd and the strange, yes, even the unique, are but so many mani- festations of the unusual, and hence dan- gerous things in art, and particularly dan- gerous in objects so large and permanent as buildings. This, however, does not mean that it is best to keep to the hack- neyed, to keep to the academic, or remain satisfied with the commonplace. All these things are dreadful enough; but it does mean that the house which has no other claim for consideration than that it is “unusual” is a very good thing to avoid. 1 SAACH AOE ay 30) mot CENA THERE are many conventions in building which are abso- lutely unavoidable and particularly in domestic building. There are combinations which cannot be dispensed with. A house wall is, at the most, a surface broken by openings which are doors and windows. ‘This is the basic form of all exterior design. The wall surface may be of various ma- terials and of quite limitless variety of color; it may be plain or ornamented; the windows may be spaced singly or combined; the doors may be single or double, grouped or apart; they may fill the centre of a row of windows or stand to one side. The possible combination of the essential parts is really most limited. YET few houses look alike, unless designedly made dupli- cates of each other. Their very variableness gives a pleas- ant variety to what otherwise might be deadly dullness. And this variety is, of course, directly due to the skill with which the designer molds and colors his building, decorates his walls and parts, varies their dimensions, accomplishes his whole. There is nothing that need be unusual in any of these operations, nothing that need be unusual in the re- sults. It is the common daily practice in every architect’s office, and it is exactly the mode which is followed in the production of any house design. Bur let it be imagined that the designer wearies of the good old standards; what follows? He casts about for an “unusual” idea to introduce into his design. Profound thought develops an arch of a form hitherto unknown to man. Deep thinking leads to the evolution of a chimney so utterly new that the fire hearth might have been forgot- ten in contemplating its outline. A dream vagary is given visible form and all the world is called upon to admire it. And the net result is that the occupant of the house becomes known throughout his community as the ‘“‘man who lives in the queer place over the hill.” This, of course, is not an end sought by good building or by good architecture. But it expresses quite well the popular conception of the value of such efforts and demonstrates quite conclusively their futility. A HOUSE must have more to commend it than any ‘‘un- usual” characteristic. It must be good and interesting. It must be well designed and constructed of good materials and in a good way. It must have solid worth. It must be really good. And it need not be commonplace. To be simply commonplace is quite as bad as to be simply unusual. But the commonplace is not obtrusive; it does not demand attention; it dces not insist that it be noted. It has, very likely, the surpassing merit of modesty, and shrinks from the attention its more obtrusive neighbor demands as a right. These are qualities not to be despised, and some- times arouse feelings of positive thankfulness in the mind jaded by inspecting one unusual house after the other. Bur the unusual may be pre-eminently desirable and praiseworthy. It is by no means paradoxical that such should be the case. The designers who have left the strong- est marks on architectural history have not been those who followed the beaten track, but those who departed the fur- thest from it. The most rapid glance through the pages of any architectural history will establish the truth of this proposition without argument. Why, then, it may be asked, condemn the domestic designer who goes furthest in the introduction of new ideas? THE answer is not far to seek. The great designs of any epoch are great not because they are departures from the conventional, but because they are good. This is at once the exact truth and a proper response to the question. It has not been the unusual qualities or the unusual features of their designs which have won universal attention, respect and admiration, but the excellence of these designs and the merits of their parts. In other words, it is the merit of the design which counts, not the strangeness or the newness, not the oddity or the grotesqueness, not the fact that no other building is designed in that way, or that no other structure has a special feature which may be its chief distinction. It is merit, and only merit that wins, and in the contest the de- sign that is simply unusual because it is unusual, fails, and justly fails, to receive any consideration. THIs is a useful lesson to apply to contemporary domestic architecture, for in the hasty nomenclature of the day the unusual is apt to receive more consideration than it is en- titled to. ‘The error arises in supposing that the mere no- tion of unusualness is itself meritorious. There could be no greater error. If a house has any unusual feature that merits distinction—and it is quite possible that this should be the case—it is because this very unusual matter has been designed with care and taste, and has been adjusted to the whole design in a thoroughly artistic and workmanlike man- ner. IT wiLu doubtless be agreed on all hands that the merit of a cow Is the quantity and quality of the milk she gives. A cow with two heads may be a gold mine to its fortunate owner, but it will not be a better cow because of its unusual physical state. So a house that is simply odd with an odd- ness that has no merit to commend it, will be without inter- est or distinction. It is a house that will give greater sat- isfaction the less it is seen and the more it is avoided. And a house of that sort had better never be built. January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ua Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree ‘Firianva,” the Tuxedo Home of the Rev. Canon George William Douglas, D.D. SENG SOLATION is one of the obvious advan- tages of a large country estate; it ensures privacy and gives distinction but it does not imply remoteness. ‘The large land- owners who have done so much to open up the country and to beautify it, are quite right in insisting on a certain degree of isolation for their dwellings. But it is a special kind of isolation that is required. The house must not be inac- cessible nor too remotely situated; there must be communi- cation with the outer world and, if possible, direct contact with it. Of beauty and quiet and peace there must be an abundance; and the place, above all, must be livable. All of this and much more is provided by Tuxedo Park, the most famous park colony within easy reach of New York. There are many notable houses there, and many fine estates, but few of them are at once so accessible and so isolated, so remote and yet so near, as the mountain home of Dr. Douglas. The metropolis is, in truth, at his very door, for the motor car will take you as quickly to New York as the train, and the tow- ers of Manhattan are distantly visible from one of the craigs in his diversi- fied estate and from the windows of his home. It is scarce more than a drop down to the village and station at the foot of the hills, yet the telephone keeps him in immediate contact with the outer world, and a splendid driveway winds from the val- ley to the hilltop on which he has built his home. These advantages are so numerous elsewhere as to be quite com- monplace in any well developed country region; they give conveni- ence to this place but add no distinc- tion to it. The lat- ter quality, which, ‘ter all, is its greatest and most supreme charm, is its distinct isola- fiom. Here isa large and splendid house, perfectly accessible in every way, easy of approach by train or motor, close to the metropolis, yet actually lo- cated in a mountain region that is a wilderness, so far as any outlook from any part of it is concerned. It is a home The entrance doorway in a mountain forest, yet scarce more than a stone’s throw from New York. The combination is a rare one and of deep and unusual interest. The house is a stately dwelling designed by Mr. R. Clips- ton Sturgis, architect, of Boston. It is H-shape in generai plan, with two gables on each end, front and within, and a large’service wing applied to one end. It is built of Har- vard brick, with sandstone trimmings and is designed with the refined taste and excellent workmanship for which this capable architect is distinguished. “he main doorway is in one of the gable ends, and is an archway enclosed within columns supporting an entablature; the door is of carved oak; within is a vestibule, panelled in wood to the ceiling and painted white. The floor is laid with large square tiles, imported from England, light brown in color, and very beautiful. A second door, richly veiled in lace, leads to an inner vestibule or entrance hall. The walls here are panelled in wood in small panels, white painted, and surmounted, above the door heads, with a cornice. Over this is a band of gold Japanese grass cloth that extends to the ceiling. The floor, like the outer vestibule, is laid in brown tiles, on which are spread handsome Oriental rugs. Directly in face is a monu- mental doorway, with Roman _ Ionic columns supporting a plain entablature. Two Japanese carved dragons guard the entrance which opens into the dining room. There are some fine old pieces of furni- ture here. On the right is a corridor that ex- tends along the en- trance front. It is a rich and splendid apartment, panelled in oak to the ceil- ing, which is ellipti- cal in form and is decorated with a graceful geometri- cal pattern in white plaster. There are Oriental rugs on the floor and many paintings, chiefly family portraits. Here also, among other treasures, are Some antique Roman marble busts. The windows, which add greatly to the gallery-like effect of this apartment, have casement openings with diamond-shaped panes; the curtains are old red tapestry; each window has its seat, provided with cush- 6 AMERICAN HOMES. AND GARDENS ions of two-toned red velvet. The furniture is, for the most part, antique, with coverings of old red velvet. Immediately within the corridor, as one enters it from the inner vestibule, is a recess or alcove containing the stairs to the second floor. ‘The stairs are of oak, with oak rail and balusters, and are covered with an Oriental rug. At the head of the first flight the stairs are returned in a bal- cony above a door that opens onto the outer terrace. The ascending wall is thronged with paintings, and on the op- posite side, on the main floor, is a great cabinet of black oak elaborately carved and giving room for a collection of rare porcelains which are family heirlooms. The first door in the corridor admits to the drawing- room; a splendid Chinese vase stands on either side of the Opening wn lt is) a room _ beautifully light in tone, with a low white wainscot —and upper walls finished in cream with a gold pattern. The ceiling has a geometrical pattern in white plaster with a plain cor- The windows nice. have small white sash curtains with inner cloud cur- tains. The furni- ture covering is, for the most part, of brocade, light toned grounds with flowers. The man- tel is wood with Siena marble _ fac- ings, polished Siena marble hearth, and lining of Harvard brick. ‘ives sstine tools are gilt, as are the side light fixtures applied to the walls. The floor rugs comprise many rare and _ precious weaves. The room is somewhat irregu- lar in shape, being rectangular with a bay window or con- January, 1910 most of the walls is surrounded with bookcases, above which they are hung in green. The wood work is oak. The wood mantel, on which is carved a sentence from Marcus Aurelius, “Live as on a mountain,” and which is peculiarly appropriate to this house, has fireplace facings and hearth of sandstone. The windows have thin sash curtains under inner curtains of sage green. At one end of one side is a bay window overlooking the forest without, and adjoining is a sun-room, built between the library and study. There are many interesting works of art in the library, including Japanese bronzes, rare engravings and Roman marbles. There remains to be said a few words on the dining- room. ‘This is located quite at the other end of the house, and may be entered directly from the inner vestibule. It is panelled in oak throughout, very dark in tone, and is a sumptuous room, quite in keeping with the general character of the chief rooms of the house. It is no dispar- agement to Dr. Douglas’s splendid mansion to afirm that interesting as the house is, the gardens "agamd grounds, the forest, the hills and val- leys, the walks and open spaces are by far the most attrac- tive portions of his fine estate. It is tor these, indeed, that he lives here, and much _ loving care, and_ great taste have gone to the creating of out- ward beauty. One should immediately add that the crea- tion of outward beauty was quite unnecessary here, nor has it in a lit- eral- sense, ‘beem done; for there is servatory jutting so. much natural out at one end of beauty, so many the longer outer On the grassed terrace lovely outlooks, so side, a structure much native wild- that happens to be in the precise centre of the terrace front. At the end of the corridor is Dr. Douglas’s study. It is a modest little apartment, the woodwork oak, with Flemish finish, the paper in two-toned maroon, the ceiling plainly plastered, the mantel of wood, inset with red tiles, with hearth of the same; the furniture, chiefly family heirlooms; the curtains red damask. ‘There is a small bay window in front, whose position corresponds to the entrance doorway at the outer end of the house. There is a special collection of rare books in the old-fashioned bookcase that fills the larger part of one side. The library fills the corner of the house between the drawing room and Dr. Douglas’s study, and is a stately apartment of very elegant simplicity. The lower part of ness, that one had but to take advantage of the natural situation, to guide what nature herself was doing rather than to determine it, to realize results quite stupendously beautiful. This, indeed, is precisely what Dr. Douglas has done, but it would be a mistake to hint that his labors have been slight. As a matter of fact the exterior work has been immense, but all along natural lines, and with the funda- mental purpose of utilizing, in the most beautiful way, what nature herself had accomplished. There is, therefore, a whole series of gardens and a beautiful succession of outward adornments that make this place one of very extraordinary beauty and interest. Just without the house, between the wings containing the dining- room on one end and the library on the other, is a terrace, January, 1910 In the rose-garden contained within a low parapet of sandstone and floored with Welsh tile. Steps descend to a second terrace, whose parapet is completely covered with a luxuriant growth of honeysuckle. It is grassed from end to end and at each corner is a vast antique Roman oil jar. An archway of honeysuckle admits one to the Pleasaunce, which is the first of a series of charming places developed in near proximity to the house. The path is paved with AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A floral border old brick; the centre is grass-covered, with many small fruit trees. [he whole is contained within a stone wall, rising from the mountain side, bordered within with flower beds. Against the house is a conservatory; further on is a sup- porting wall of old stone and brick, with a tea house or niche of brick, faced with standstone, quite in the centre. Peach trees are trained against the walls on either side of this, and at the farther end is a pergola of weather-stained i \ aie peeetgn S i. ~ The terraces and steps of the inner front overlooking the valley January, 1910 n vd ca Q ~ < UO Q Zz < n zal = fe) ae Fi < O ~ eal = < cht irs are in an alcove at the head of the corridor The sta implicity The library is a stately apartment of elegant s January, 1910 wood, brick paved, and vine laden. Some steps lead to a lower level, for the descent now begins. They lead into a grassed and open space, stone-walled on either side, decked with climbing roses and clematis. On the left is the shelter at the opening of the Roque Court. It is built of oak, shingled and paved with brick, with stone steps and stone vases within, a simple but stately structure. The Roque Court is below and is com- pletely embedded in the woods. Beyond, quite under the trees, is a group of marble statuary, representing ‘‘Septem- ber,” once owned by Napoleon Bonaparte and brought here from the villa of his mother, the Princess Letitia, at Ancona, Italy. Narrow paths through the trees lead on down to the lower levels where the kitchen gardens of the estate are maintained. Returning to the open space from which the Roque Court a 3 ls 1 4 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 garden in a very literal sense of the word. Down below the land slopes to the centre, where it has the form of a hol- low; the woods have been cleared away here, so that they overlook a gentle sweep of grass. At the farthest end is a copy in Peperino stone of one of the pillars on the bridge of the Quatro Capi which crosses the Tiber in Rome, stood against a background of evergreens. One may return to the house by means of a monumental flight of steps that ascend from the hollow to the lower ter- race; but there is still much to be seen, many walks to enjoy, and woods in which one may lose oneself completely. For the housetop disappears behind the leafy barrier that com- pletely surrounds it on this side, and the walks, although narrow, have an enticement to on-going that is quite irre- sistible. The paths have been made with easy inclines and gentle grades, and brushing past trees, young and old, one The dining-room is paneled in oak, very dark in tone was entered, one may keep on into other gardens, arranged in the same direction, which is parallel to the house. At a somewhat lower level is the Rose Garden. The centre is paved with brick, and at the end, which rises sharply above the mountain side, is a lofty Japanese lantern as a garden ornament. There are rose beds on either side, and beyond and around is the deep stillness of the woods, and their beautiful green foliage encasing this jewel-spot that seems so remote from everywhere and yet which is so near. Just below one enters the Hanging Gardens, which are developed on the mountain side just below the level we have been traversing. It consists, indeed, of but a single path, but so enriched and embedded within brilliant flower borders on either side, so skillfully developed along the mountain side, with the retaining walls of the terraces above one, and the slope of the declivity below, as to be a hanging emerges into wonderful outlooks, or comes across some spe- cial embellishment or points of interest set up and arranged in an independent manner, yet adding greatly in charm to the whole. Suddenly you come upon the Dutch garden. The hillside is walled, with brick and stone seat, surmounted by a Silenus standing against a background of laurel and rhododendrons. The flower beds are designed in formal style and are planted with hyacinths, followed later by tuberous begonias. Again you come to the spot where the Italian garden is to be, for Dr. Douglas has not developed his place all in one season, but each year aims to add some new and special point of interest to it. So the Italian garden is not yet be- yond the selection of site, a truly Italian one, with cypress and great overhanging rocks on one side and the wilderness on the other. Pine trees, mimic specimens as yet, raised 10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS from seed brought from the Alps, constitute the feature of another spot. ‘Thus one moves on, always something to see, always something to enjoy, nature everywhere helped in spots, it is true, but helped naturally and in a way that gives zest to the ramble. And presently the path grows narrower and narrower. Quite before one realizes it one is standing on a slender ridge, deep sloping down on either side. The trees have disappeared with the land, for one is far above their tops. A scramble down a couple of rocks January, 1910 and one stands on the summit of a rocky promontory that rises from an unknown depth. Great mountains shut in the distant view; but in a cleft, as it were, in their mighty sides, the brilliant sun pours down on the towers of Manhat- tan, that on a clear day, may be seen from this wonderful - place of vantage. Hence, if you please, you can walk on in the forest for half an hour without leaving the private grounds, and still beyond lie thousands of acres of Tuxedo Park, where wild deer roam in peace, and ferns and wild flowers blossom in sun and shade. EOS . » “Eirianva :” The oak paneled corridor with geometrical ceiling in white plaster January, 1910 VE eCAN= HOMES AND GARDENS - II New Process for Damascening, Inlaying and Blending Metals By Amos Bradley Simpson =) HE beautiful art of damascening, the origin ‘® of which is buried in the depths of an- tiquity, but which no doubt hails from the East, has been subjected to repeated modi- fications during the past few years in order to render it more commercially ap- plicable than it probably ever was even in its haleyon Oriental days. The hand-wrought work so ex- quisitely performed at the expenditure of considerable time centuries ago, is far too costly for the present age, except to the connoisseur. This process briefly consisted in chasing the design upon a metallic foundation of the object to be decorated and then filling the incisions with fine wire or strips of other metal, generally silver and gold, by means of a special tool, the whole finally being smoothed and pol- ished. In order to render the inlay as immovable as possible, the recesses _ were undercut, so that the decorative metals were in reality dovetailed into the main fabric. Such a delicate operation calls for remarkable skill and patience com- bined with a sensitive hand, and for. this reason cannot be executed by ma- chinery. Yet at the same time there prevails at the present day a wide- spread demand for metal inlay work, and various methods have been evolved for the more rapid and cheaper accomplishment of the work, such as the ether, parcel, or close | plating, fusion, electrical, and lead processes. Recently, however, atten- tion has been centered in the new sys- tem of inlaying and ornamenting metallic surfaces that has been per- fected by Mr. Sherard Cowper-Coles, the well-known British electro-metal- lurgist, which possesses great com- mercial possibilities, owing to the ex- quisite character of the work, com- bined with the rapidity and cheap- ness with which it can be carried out. This process is based upon a dis- covery made by the inventor some five years ago during a series of ex- periments upon which he was engaged in connection with the annealing of iron. In the course of these investigations he found that metals in a fine state of division, that is in the form of powder, when raised to a certain temperature which was actually several hundred degrees below their melting point, in contact with a solid metal, volatilize or give off vapor, which condenses on the solid metal immersed in the powdered metal. Recently the inventor in following up the discovery has turned it to distinct advantage for decorative work, the results of which are similar to damas- cening, but with the additional and important advantage that there is no possibility of the metals so blended together subsequently becoming separated, as is often the case in ordinary damascening. At the same time it also enables a more extensive range of effects to be secured, as a large number of metals can be blended together which previously has been impossible, and alloys of many colors and tints can be obtained in one operation of baking. Moreover, 1—Prayer book cover in copper inlaid with zinc the thickness and depth to which the metals are to be inlaid and onlaid can be controlled at the will of the operator. The process is exceedingly simple. The article to be decorated is first covered with a stopping-off solution about the consistency of cheese, and can thus be easily cut with a knife. The design of the desired inlay is then executed upon this composition by means of a specially designed tool hav- ing a sharp edge. Those portions to be removed are then lifted and cleared away, leaving the surface of the founda- tion metal exposed. This operation completed, the article is placed in an iron box containing the metal which is to be used for the inlay in a powdered form. If, for instance, the inlay metal is to be zinc, the box is accordingly charged with zinc dust, a product obtained direct from the zinc- smelting furnaces. ‘he iron receptacle, together with the objects to be ornamented and the zinc dust, are inserted in a suitable baking oven and heated to a tempera- ture of about 500 degrees Fahr., while the melting point of zinc is 686 degrees Fahr. The time and tem- pefature vary according to the thick- ness and depth of the inlaying which is required, and range from a few ~ minutes to several hours. A little ex- perience, however, soon teaches the operator the precise time and tem- perature necessary for obtaining given results with different metals. When the article has been suff- ciently baked, the box is permitted to cool, opened, and the articles with- drawn. Brushing with a stiff brush serves to remove the superfluous dust and also the stopping-off composition which the process of baking has loos- ened. ‘The stopping-off and baking processes can be repeated several times when it is desired to inlay two or more metals. The point may be raised that the metal box containing the metal dust will in a short time become thickly in- crusted with metal, but such experi- ence has proved not to be the case, for the reason that the metal box is hotter than the powdered metal. A useful type of furnace or baking oven for general work, such as panels, trays, and other flat articles, is that shown in the accompanying illus- tration. It consists of an iron vessel eight feet in length by four feet in breadth and one foot deep. The box is half filled with the metal dust, and the objects to be treated are well immersed in the powder, care being observed that they are adequately covered over therewith. The box is covered with a lid, and over this an iron framework is placed car- rying fire bricks and provided with a small central flue to draw the heat from the burners up the sides of the box and over the top, to secure even and regular heating over its whole surface. Such a furnace can be constructed at a cost of about $150 complete. The damascening produced by this method is of a more permanent character than the ordinary ancient hand- wrought process. It is impossible for the inlay to become detached from its foundation, for the simple reason that te AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS the two under the application of the heat become alloyed together. It is also found that the inlaying metal in the case of zinc is very much harder than the brass or cop- per into which it is inlaid. One very notable feature of the process, which is of considerable importance, is that a wide variety of colors and alloys can be ob- tained in the one operation of bak- ing. For instance, a copper tray is to be inlaid with zinc, and at the same time it is desired to convert certain portions of the copper into brass. This is accomplished by varying the thickness of the stop- ping-off composition, and by bak- ing at a somewhat higher tempera- ture than would otherwise be em- ployed. The result is that certain portions become converted into golden-colored brass, while the other portions remain unalloyed copper. is carried out so delicately and evenly, that in hammered metal objects the hammer marks in the original article will ARNG 2—Copper tray inlaid with zinc and brass January, 1910 graded. It must not be thought that the effects secured are only obtainable by the use of zinc and copper. Such is not the case, since the more subtle shadings and hues between tin, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, and other metals can be as easily produced. In the photographs accompanying _ this article the contrasts of zinc and copper only are shown, for the simple reason that the colors pos- sible by using other metals do not produce a sufficiently striking ef- tect in a photograph. Nor is the process merely con- fined to the embellishment of. flat surfaces. It is as readily applic- able to raised surfaces and objects of all shapes and sizes, such as tea- pots, coal vases, and other similar articles. It can also be adapted to the finest filigree as easily as to The inlay work bold work, as is required in panels or heraldry. An im- portant development has been in connection with its appli- cation to book covers, the appearance of such damascened 3—Tron box inlaid with zinc and enamel show through the inlay as if the decorative metal had been hammered in. If desired, the metal foundation can possess the stippled hammered ettect while the inlay has a smooth surface, thus giving a striking and pleasing contrast. Some of the effects obtained are very beautiful in character. ‘The zinc inlay can be made so that it is surrounded by a fine line of brass, or be both inlaid and onlaid, in which event the latter ornamentation can be raised as much as one-sixteenth of an inch above the surface of the copper. Again, iron can be inlaid with both zinc and enamel, which yields an attractive effect, or a va- riety of hues produced by burning the whole of the copper surface with zinc and then etching the pat- tern down to the different alloys formed intermediate between zinc and brass. By this arrangement the variety of tones secured is both extensive and _ beautifully 6—Hammered copper dish inlaid with zinc 4—Copper tea pot inlaid with zinc and brass 5—Copper and brass vessel inlaid with zinc metal-bound volumes being appreciably enhanced. One distinct charm about this new process, and one that, moreover, is unique, is the absence of the sharp line of de- markation as is characteristic of damascening. Instead there is a soft transition from the inlay to the surrounding foundation metal. That is to say, where zinc is inlaid into copper, the inserted metal is surrounded by a narrow band or halo of golden-colored alloy. It is obvious, therefore, that very beau- tiful toned colored effects of great subtlety can be produced, ranging from silver white zinc to yellow brasses and bronzes of innumer- able shades, graduating to red copper and gradations of yellow and golden browns. The use of the new process of damascening metals is a very splendid art, and its revival will, it is hoped, be met with appreciation of all lovers of the antique. January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 The Japanese Persimmon By E. P. Powell mi HE value of our native persimmon is just being discovered. One variety, the Jose- phine, was found by Judge Miller, of Missouri, and is now being propagated by Mr. Munson, of Dennison, Texas. I am growing it successfully at Clinton, New York, where it is entirely hardy; and at Sorrento, Fla., where the native persimmon is in its glory. I found hundreds of young trees starting up everywhere in the pine woods. I think that, only for the annual burning over of the State, the persimmon would put up a good fight Un- against any other sort of tree in central Florida. fortunately, a large proportion of these seedlings do not give fruit, and must be grafted. In Florida we have grafted them with the Japanese sorts, and it is a great success. We understand that these new sorts from Japan are in need of pollen from our native trees, at least this is asserted by those who have tried them in orchards. I have seen no lack of pollination in my trees. The native sorts are capable of undoubted development, and I do not see why this should not be- come a very remarkable fruit in the extreme North. The tree cer- tainly is hardy, and the wood is the American ebony—hard and of decided value in cabinet work. But at Clinton I have never known a single failure of the fruit. Only on one occasion the season was too dry to give us perfected fruits. A tree when in full bearing loses its leaves before the first of Novem- ber, and then the limbs are sim- ply weighed down with golden balls. I secured scions of half a dozen of the best sorts I could find in Virginia, Indiana and Missouri. The Josephine was the best, al- though others were less seedy and were earlier. It now stands as a problem for American _horticul- ture to give uS varieties nearly or quite seedless and as large as the Japanese sorts. I feel sure that this will come about. I have one seedling bearing at six feet high, and giving me a fruit fully equal to Josephine, possibly a little later. The Japanese must have de- veloped their magnificent varieties from something very similar to ours. The shape has been changed somewhat, so that we have them like a tomato, and others like an acorn, only two to three or even four inches in diameter. Some of the varieties bear on trees that might as well be called bushes, ~~ es As PRS 7—Copper tray covered with the stopping-off composi- tion ready for baking 8—Oven in which the damascening is done 9—Copper dish inlaid and onlaid with zinc while other varieties hang down from very shapely trees, looking much like a magnolia, thirty to forty feet high. The food value of these persimmons is very great, and I think I could dine on two or three of the Triumph sorts and a hal f- dozen crackers with comfort. The most convenient way for eating them is with a teaspoon, in some cases the skin being quite tough, but in others easily removable and hardly noticeable. ‘The tree takes very kindly to our sandy soil in the South, but just as kindly to our clay at the North. The shipping quality varies with different varieties; some of them packing and carrying about as well as pears. They differ also in astringency. Some of them are uneatable un- til quite ripe, when they lose all trace of astringency; but other sorts are eatable before entire ripeness. ‘This astringent quality of the persimmon can therefore be eliminated, by propagating by se- lection. Taking seedlings from the least astringent, we could in a few generations entirely abolish this peculiarity. I presume that na- ture left it in the persimmon in or- der to protect it from animals and birds. ‘They certainly would not taste twice of a green persimmon of the astringent sort. Our natives have the same quality in excess; it can be and must be bred out. The persimmon is predestined to become a great market fruit in America, and all the Japanese product that we can send North from Florida and other Southern States is immediately caught up at high prices. It has not been in the country very long, and our Amer- ican people have got to become fa- miliar with it. So here we have our problem before us, in two forms; first to improve our native persimmon, and make it as good as the Japanese; secondly to select the Japanese sorts for hardiness, until we can get those that will stand the climate of New York and Minnesota. The tree takes good care of itself, although it is brittle. It would make a good filler, where it is hardy to stand between rows of apple trees. I do not know that the Japanese sorts are now growing anywhere north of Georgia—possibly in Kentucky and Tennessee and Virginia. Rey. Mr. Loomis, of Yokohama, who was one of the first to introduce Japanese sorts, was, at last notice, trying to find Korean sorts that would endure a climate not unfa- miliar with zero. There is a curious similarity be- tween the pawpaw and persimmon, not only in the fruit but in the tree. 14 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 American Homes and Gardens Garden Competition The Second Garden Prize of Fifty Dollars Won by Charles D. Davies, Englewood, New Jersey N THE making of a garden, which is situated in Englewood, N. J., on a lot 50x150 feet, the desire was to have a self- made home spot with enough originality about it to warrant me conscientiously calling it “‘my garden.” When I took the place it was nothing but a sand heap, and my knowledge of gardening was equally barren. The first thing I did was to read everything on the sub- ject that came within my reach. I also got busy, and be- came “‘the man with the hoe,” the rake and the spade. Time went on and I was delighted to see order coming out of disorder. Things grew, even the weeds, while I slept, which was precious little, for I had “gardenitis” of the most pronounced type. I soon awoke to the fact that the price of a well-kept, weedless garden is eternal vigilance. I also became aware that a garden in its development is not of mushroom growth. It takes more than a day or a year for it to take on form and beauty. My motto was ‘“‘work and be patient.’’ One minute a day spent in a gar- den for twenty years amounts, with compound interest, to nearly a month’s work. ‘That beautiful elm cost only one- half minute a half-century since. One’s garden is a savings bank for the investment of minute fragments of time, and at every moment for months together, my garden was ask- ing something at my hand and it saved what I gave it, and me N NS at the same time gave me_ pleasure and health. Of course, I re- alized that nothing pretentious could be accomplished on so. small a_ plot, and that I must of necessity go slow, on account of the limited dimensions of my purse. Con- sidering the num- erous shrubs and plants to choose from, and the many which the cata- logues assured me ‘no garden should be without,’ I was in danger of over- crowding the place, which would make A garden in New Jersey it more suggestive of a nursery than a garden. ‘Thanks to the price lists, I was saved this objectionable feature. I thought I would like to enclose my garden on both sides and on the rear with a privet hedge. At six inches apart I needed 700 plants. The growers quoted these at five dollars a hundred. This staggered me, so I bought 100 privet at auction for three cents each, and from cut- tings raised the balance. In about five years I had 350 feet of hedge three feet high and solid to the ground. To gain the largest appearance of expanse to the lawn which surrounds the cottage, I avoided cutting it up with flower beds or shrubs except on the borders. I avoided also the planting of large trees or shrubs which would be out of proportion to the size of the place. As may be seen from the plan, I avoided straight lines; nature never works that way, and I tried to conform to her teaching. The unsightly clothes posts so glaringly obtrusive in small gardens, were removed and other means to their end adopted. The stone foundation of my cottage stands about four feet above the ground. This I covered with ampelopsis veitchi, which is not allowed to run on the woodwork of the house. This forms a pleasing background for a bed of shrubs and flowers and gives the cottage the appear- ance of having been set down in their midst. ‘This bed, which runs from the entrance to the rear of the cottage, contains the following hardy shrubs and plants, which give great satisfaction in constant change of color, improve with age, and _ require the least amount of care: Japan maples, azalea mollis, _ lili- um aurantum and rubrum, hybrid roses, larkspur, blue and white platycodons, deutzia and hardy chrysan- themums. Interme- diate spaces are filled in the spring with asters (raised from seed in cold frame), geraniums, and gladiolus. On paper it may look to some as if this kind of planting was a- jumble or a riot. | ; January, 1910 VEE RICAN HOMES “AND GARDENS 15 The great tree is the real keynote of the garden 16 Not so—it produces an ever-changing aspect from spring to fall, and is never tiring to the eye. Let it be understood, however, that this planting is not done in a hit-or-miss fash- ion, but with due regard to height of plant and color of flower. Each color is massed, and the entire bed is bordered with dwarf sweet alyssum. I suppose most cottage gardens are ‘‘at their best”’ when the annuals are in bloom galore. My purpose in planting was to secure color in the garden and flowers for the table, from early spring tulips and hya- cinths to late fall chrysan- themums and dahlias. At no time is there a great profusion of bloom. Ona small place one has to sac- rifice quantity for contin- uity of flowers. I will say little about the back of the cottage, for what is planted there, and the way it is laid out, is clearly shown in the ground plan and_ photo- graph. The clump of shrubs shown is_ satisfac- tory. Throughout the en- tire season some shrub is in flower. Under the elm tree at the “end of the lot 1 found a favorable location to plant a crescent of lily- of-the-valley. I put in twenty-five pips about six years ago. We now get hundreds of flower spikes every season. The arrangement for the front porch was once, and will be again, quite ef- fective. Three arches are strung with three-eighths- inch iron rods, the upper parts of which are filled in with strong galvanized iron mesh to support vines. This plan gives ample shade without obstructing the view. At the end of the porch facing the south- west, grows a_ wistaria which blooms in early spring. Spreading from the centre post is a crimson rambler rose which flowers in late June. To the right of this is a clematis panicu- lata (August). On the left of the rambler is planted a clematis jackmanni (Aug- ust). Unfortunately both AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HOGHH LAAN d SSIS OS OOO ose sess sess ~ 7), WEIGELIA ROSEA ZEBRA GRASS b SP; oy SIN ISS SL AE SS Ser nancros Ran % C5,“ 2 SANIAGdVyD a < N ove 6 @o:JOAHLIAS 3 ? (base 4 ) () Ret s y ia: w 1S) ede s 4 6 “|ASTERS p 0 Ol y ges 2 EH ) vale a Q ( Uh. Hai ln és i Wasi, p $43 G'|PAEONIA o8 j @ |GLADIOLI % 0 a } :| BENGoNIAS | B D | SALVIA } . Ww n o o r }DAY LILY 2 6 : = . wv ’ ‘}coREOPSIS ¥ § 3 8 G U les) fea) 5S ay EWw SI Si z 4 oS 4 Daigpstaz S&S wz 4 ( AISIES vee y) os Sea. ° () 1624]GLA By a o Crier i) 5) “Wr f Dron, b d4y Lo) ? “A> 5 y J 6 RUDBECKIA 2 CLIMBING AND RAMBLER ROSES tay € 4 PYRUS 6 4 v) } > | SPIRAEA ? nVAN HOUTTE!! v (i i) th 4 DOUBLE LILAC? 0 STANDARD (() ) ) G uy) 3 , 6) h (j pe y b 9] b ( : b>) 6 C CHERRY i 4 ° ( LAWN 6 ( } ; ( : 4 4 y b i) ip 6 ( 5) ( 4 2 G 5 ( & te DWARF ‘BIRCH FLOWERING ALMOND. ) B. THUMBERGII ) i) eS. BERBERIS. Qe } JAPAN SNOW-BALL Plan of the garden and planting HOCHH LYAIMd January, 1910 of these clematis were in- jured last winter, and this year’s growth is not sufh- cient to show the arrange- ment perfectly. At the other end post is now growing a climbing rose, but I must await with a gardener’s patience its coming day of glory. From the ground plan may be seen the winding walk which runs down the centre of the garden from the rear of the cottage to the end of the lot. Grape- vines are planted and trained in conformity to the curvature of the path and hide the vegetable patch from the flower gar- den. It is also hidden from the street by a rustic arbor over which are trailed climbing roses. In front of this arbor, in plain view from the street, is placed a dwarf tree worthy of special mention. It is a pyrus (flowering crab). In May this pyrus is covered with clusters of fragrant double pink rose-like flow- ers. Were I restricted to one tree or shrub this pyrus would be my unequivocal choice. Judging from my experience, one need sel- dom fail to raise plants from seed, providing he has a cold frame. I usu- ally have more than I need of petunias, asters, salvia, etc., and a fine display of single dahlias. Tuberous rooted begonias I plant out in the cold frame=sine March; they take so long to start. An _ interesting and successful experiment is planting gladiolus close to and between the peonies. The flower spikes coming up between the leaves give the peonies double credit in flowering. To secure the best re- sults from the economizing of space, I plant the gla- diolus singly in four-inch pots early in the spring. When the leaves are about twelve inches high, they are taken out of the pots and planted between the foliage of the peonies, where their Hower spikes will be the most effective. The bulbs may be started in lots of ten or more every two weeks January, 1910 from April to May, to prolong the blooming period. In writing of peonies, one cannot com- mend them _ too highly. Their large flowers, disposed in elegant disorder or with graceful regu- larity,.and in varied colors, are magnifi- cent. The plants are, moreover, very hardy and _ they have an_ indefinite longevity, and as for price, they are within the reach of all. For the summer and autumn deco- rations of the flower garden, I am finding — hollyhocks fo be of great value. The holly- hock has been in our gardens for three hundred years, and it holds its proper place there to-day. Some object to the holly- hock in flower gar- dens on account of its height, and there is good reason for so doing, if they are put in front of low growing plants instead of at the back. In such a po- sition it is a stately plant and the grand- est of all for shrub- bery borders. A good selection of hollyhock is unques- tionably a great at- traction. When I offset my failures by my success I must confess with George Washington that “gardening is the most interest- ing, enjoyable and healthful = employ- ment of man,” and 1 might add, of woman also. For in the making of this garden I am in- debted for valuable suggestions from my wife; and that is why, with mutual satisfaction, we call it “our garden.” This ends the de- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vines and shrubbery of the side The beginning of the garden 17 scription of the gar- den as it stands. The chief feature of a garden is in the beauty of the lawn. Give this your spe- cial care. Grass propagates itself from the_ roots, hence frequent cut- ting is advisable. To keep up _ its beauty give the lawn a light seed- ing early in the spring and fertilize with Canadian wood ashes. This is preferable to sta- ble manure, which is not only unsightly but contains more or less weed seed. When sowing flower seed in boxes in the house or in the cold frame al- ways sow in drills so that you can dis- tinguish them from the weeds that may appear. It isa safe tule to sow seed twice the depth of its diameter. As you will be sure to have roses in your garden remember that they are great teeders. You can- not over-feed a rose bush. Prune them early in the spring, cutting out all dead wood. ‘This prun- ing will start root action, in response to which new wood will form on which only you may expect to have flowers. As soon as the leaves open start with an occasional dusting of the plants with “Hammonds _ Slug Shot” to ward oft impending pests. One ounce of pre- vention is better than a ton of care. Should a late frost pay your garden an unwelcome visit af- ter things have started, wash the frost off with cold water before the sun’s rays. strike them. 18 AMERICAN "HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 z NE of the most important principles to be considered in the building of a suburban home is that which affects the physical, mental and moral well-being of the pros- pective home-builder. A second principle which is equally important is the element of sincerity expressed in the designing of a house in a style of architecture which will be permanent, and characteristic of all that is best in art expres- sion. The architects, Messrs. Freeman and Hasselman, of New York, have given much thought to the de- signing of the houses illus- trated in this group, and have designed them so that they will meet all necessary requirements, in the exter- ior design and in the in- terior arrangement of the various rooms. The houses illustrated herewith were built at “Oakcroft,” Upper Mont- clair, New Jersey, and they are representative of the best type of modern resi- dence. While the interior arrangement of all the houses is similar, the archi- tects have designed the ex- teriors in different forms and styles in order to make each house sufficiently dis- tinctive. The house erected for J. H.. Walter* Lemkau, ‘Esq., Figures 1, 2, 3° and-4; is built in a simple and artis- fie manner, ‘hes exterror walls are of frame construction covered with metal lath, then coated with cement stucco, and tinted a natural silver gray. This color blends well with the gray painted trim and the sea-green stained shingled roof. The entrance to the house is reached through a vestibule, which is provided with an inner door, glazed with beveled plate glass, extending the full height of the door. The hall has a staircase, with a newell post rising to the ceiling, and supporting an arch. The balusters of the staircase are cut out of red oak in an ornamental manner. ‘The living-room extends across the front of the house, in the front wall of which is built a group of small latticed windows, while on the opposite side of the room there is an open fireplace, built of brick, with facings and hearth of Roman brick extending to the mantle shelf, Some Eastern Homes Costing From Seven to Eight Thousand Dollars By Francis Durando Nichols Figure |—The staircase of Mr. Lemkau’s house has a newell post ex- tending from floor to ceiling which is supported on brackets. The walls of the living- room are covered with a two-toned brown wall-paper. The dining-room is octangular in form. It has a wall-covering of a plain yellow green tone from the base to the plate _ rack, which last extends around the room. The space above the plate rack is covered with a forest green wall-paper in an effective manner. ‘The fireplace, built in one corner of the room, is constructed of red Roman brick. The mantle has a combination china closet, built in over the mantle shelf with doors glazed with plate glass in small lights. The kitchen is trimmed with cypress finished natural. It has a white-tiled wainscoting, and is provided with all the best appointments, including a large butler’s pantry, a pot closet with outside win- dow, a sink, and a lobby large enough to admit an ice-box. The second floor contains four bedrooms, and a bathroom, while the third floor comprises two bedrooms, a bath, and a trunkroom. The bedrooms have white painted trim, and floors stained a Flem- ish brown. The bathroom has a tiled wainscoting, and porcelain fixtures, with ex- posed nickel-plated plumb- ing. The cellar contains a laundry, storage-room, steam-heating apparatus, and fuel room. The house built for John L. Parrish, Isq., as shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11, is of a similar plan as the house shown in Figure 2. The exterior, however, has been changed, sufficiently to give it a different effect. The ver- satility of the architect is well demonstrated in these two houses, for while the plans are similar, the exteriors are changed in such a manner as to present a characteristic dif- ference. The yellowish gray-tinted stucco of the walls of Mr. Parrish’s house, the gray-green of the trimmings, and the mottled-green stain of its shingled roof, make a har- monious tone of color. ‘The hall is trimmed with oak, and has an ornamental staircase, with a panelled seat. The living and dining-rooms have fireplaces built of Roman brick with the facings and hearth of a similar brick and finished with a wooden mantle shelf supported on corbeled brackets. Both are trimmed with oak, and the living-room January, 1910 has a wall-covering of two-toned yellow striped wall-paper, while the dining- room has a_ wall- paper of mustard yellow, reaching from the floor, to the plate rack which extends around the room. The wall- space above the plate rack is cov- ered with a brown and yellow wall-pa- per in a large fig- ure. The kitchen and its appoint- ments are complete in every respect. It has a ~ ARINE MOSAIC is the artistic adaptation of shells, stones and glass, strongly ce- mented to form effects beautiful in color and unusual in design. Marine Mosaic in place of rich stained glass is entirely original and practical. In connection with the metals it is wonderfully harmonious, lending its beauty to such practical and useful articles as fire, table and tea screens of iron construction, lanterns, electric light globes and candle shades framed in brass, and _ lamp shades leaded. In com- bination with the finer metals, gold, silver and bronze, table utensils are wrought in effects both beautiful and natural, as is shown by the illustrations of the Iris vase, the Mag- nolia loving cup and the fruit dish of Grape design. This art originated in my Studio, Harbor Villa, Shelter Island, N. Y. The mediums for its construction are from nature’s storehouse, the fields, beaches and the sea. The field yields its motives in the forms of flowers and fruits of gardens, wild and cultivated, to say nothing of the land- scape effects to which Marine Mosaic so aptly lends itself. The beaches give the material with which it is possible to produce the most delicate tones by shell and pebble. These materials are used in their natural state, no arti- ficial coloring being added, nor any chemical brought to play to diminish or soften these quiet tones and delicate shades. The sea, as the fields, furnishes wonderful themes for the displaying of Marine Mosaic By W. Cole Bigham these rare hues and in addition supplies the artist with yet another medium with which to render marine forms. In the seascape the natural shell of a crab has been utilized to form the body as designed. This is one of the many op- portunities the artist has indulged in of applying natural products with suitable surroundings to create the full beauty of nature in both form and color. The skill in utilizing such products as compose Marine Mosaic has been acquired only by close application and long experience. As with all pure art, new ideas are received through inspiration coming from the medium used. The transcendent beauty of Nature cannot be equalled by artificial products. Crafts- manship is the key-note of Marine Mosaic. The first method pursued in its con- struction is that of fixing defi- nitely the subject to be ren- dered. Second, the composi- tion of line regardless of color, and finally the color scheme which necessarily has its limitations and must so fit the subject within these re- strictions of tone and color as to enable the ensemble to ap- pear clear and, at the same time, harmonious. Through this procedure the craftsman- ship enters to the greatest ex- tent. This course once accom- plished, the artist designs his scheme, seeking Nature for the inspiration or motive. Carefully constructed sketches of separate detailed parts are drawn; be they ship, fish, flowers or landscape. Pat- terns are then made, accord- ing to which shells, stones or glass are cut or fitted. The An adaptation to garden decoration full size drawing is then 2.4 placed under the plate glass upon which the Mosaic is to be built, in much the same manner as a well- sketched design is placed on the canvas of a decorator. Then the component parts are placed together as the painter places his pigments. upon the free and easy placing of materials in securing effect, quite the same as brush work counts in tech- nique. From this point onward until fully completed, the effect of light penetration through his work is de- nied the craftsman owing to the method of procedure thus far discovered, and one has to work in the dark, as it were, by knowledge alone. When these _ many parts are assembled, ce- mented and __ sufficiently hardened, the whole is raised to the light and any discordant tones or colors must be removed and others refitted, thus form- ing by skill and study an harmonious whole. By long experience and practice the artist is en- abled to know well his medium and to utilize it as the painter his color, or the musician his instrument. Herein lies the secret of a successful scheme, for in addition to the mere color, the artist must deal with density of same color and the facts of clear or opaque medium to render the effects desired. Thus experience and __ practice make the completion of the Mosaic picture a mat- ter only of time. The cement used in the practical work is a lead compound known only to the artist. It is used in a semi-soft state into which condition it may be ren- dered by heat prior to its setting. When once set, it is impossible to resoften. The lead sets sufficiently well in a week to make it possible to lift the com- pleted work and see the result. To thoroughly harden, making as it does a veritable metallic binding, several months should elapse before it fully attains its true. quality of hardness. “The cement is applied with tools similar to those used in modelling clay or wax. Various- shaped instruments are re- quired to meet the desired effect to be gained. All Marine Mosaic is made upon sheets of thick, clear glass, always of a flat AMPE TREC ASN? | Orvis Herein much depends Magnolia cup, electrica Candle and electric light shades AND GARDENS Fruit dish, grape pattern January, 1910 surface, and this is bound by lead, iron, copper or brass frame-work, which binds the applied Mosaic on all outside edges; this frame-work always being raised above the flat glass surface so as to permit its hold- ing the applied material, and is an added precaution to make a very firm and lasting work. The final treatment of all articles in Marine Mosaic relative to their final purpose comes under another head, so it is sufficient here to treat only of the practical working of this medium. The preliminary framed panels are then placed in their respective ornamental settings. All articles ap- pearing curved are in the beginning made upon flat surfaces so designed and put together in their indi- vidual frames and the de- sign of Mosaic applied is so chosen and selected that the thickness of material used really molds the cutside surface, thus giy- ing the impression of a curved article. For in- stance, in a lamp dome, it will be constructed of a twelve-sided base, more or less, and then upon this polygon, instead of a cir- cle for a base, truncated triangles of clear glass frames are welded to- gether, thus forming the flat surfaces upon which the Mosaic is to be ren- dered. In the centre of each panel or side, a heavy or thick medium is chosen, while toward the _ outer edge more delicate selec- tion is allowed. In render- ing effects of curved sur- faces, the artist has to plan his design, his metal frames, the material to be used and color scheme, all to come into one practical and _ well-balanced — en- semble. The medium adapts itself wonderfully to the effects of perspective which is to a great de- gree lost in stained glass. In Marine Mosaic, this effect is produced by the gradation of density and by selection of sizes of one particular medium. For example, if a distant sea view is desired, the glass selected for the predominating color is so chosen that the grad- ual increase or diminu- tion in size gives the un- usual effect of distance by the graded density of tone. Again, if distant January, 1910 land is to be depicted, a graduated selection of pebbles of the color de- sired will render the ef- fect of perspective by its increase of color tone and size of the material utilized. There may be called for still another effect in perspective, such as the long flat surface of a walk, as suggested mr > he ‘Garden. sas here illustrated. Instead of one flat piece, as would be rendered in _ stained glass, this in Marine Mo- saic is composed of selected sized pebbles, which makes the monotonous effect in- teresting by the gradation of lead line and mosaic utilized. The adaptability of natural shells to form innumerable effects is very marked. The sun shell fur- nishes the body for the sun fish; the tortoise shell, the beautifully traced wings of butterflies; the pebbles in various colors unusually marked, offer unlimited va- rieties of both wings and bodies for insects, which form a greater part of the natural effects adorning the Fruits and flowers in gorgeous profusion are composed of both pebbles and shells, while in the more sombre tones are found ready material for the branches of trees, long stretches of shore and beach and The beautiful pearl Oyster and Abaloni shell supply wonderful touches for sky effects and beauties of the landscapes. rugged cliffs and hills. especially so for foliage. Marine Mosaic has been successfully utilized to a great extent in in- terior yacht decoration, being thor- oughly ap- propriate for things nau- teal «~Un- usual effects secured are also most fittingly ap- pried to trophies for aquatic sports, and here may be found charming vases, cups, and _ other articles of artistic merit and unique design. Decorative bits for din- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Iris Cup Fire screen, “ The Garden” flammable. tures of decoration extend the possible advantages. New as marine mosaic is as a Agee Electrolier, ““ Apple Blossoms” entirely new and 25 ing-rooms yield gracefully to Marine Mosaic in forms of fish, fruits and flowers. Sea-shore homes are beau- tified by the addition of a touch of Marine Mosaic, either a piazza lamp, a gar- den lantern, unusual and attractive, bringing into play among Nature’s wealth of flowers and fol- lage a reminder of the beauties of the deep, or a beautiful window giving a suggestion of the sea. An example of Marine Mosaic in form of dish or cup adds greatly to the at- tractiveness of a_ well-ap- pointed table and is a most fitting touch of artistic decoration, while these electrically illuminated fur- nish the effect produced by candle shades, and at the same time is a useful recep- tacle for fruits, flowers, solids or liquids. This adaptation of Marine Mo- saic, for table service, is novel. Candle shades, tea and chafing-dish lamp screens are most practical, being at the same time very ornamental and useful, more permanent than any other medium, for they stand heat and are in- The uses to which Marine Mosaic may be applied as fea- field of opportunity, per- mitting originality of conception in a wide sphere for ex- perimental work, and leads one to enumerate its many decorative art it is already apparent that it has a large and in- teresting fu- ture before it. It is not only capable of many in- teresting ap- plications, but it gives f.0nf.O1 mis otherwise familiar, a new and gracious art. Old colors take on new hues; old forms seem embellished and _ vital- ized; famil- iar combina- tions. ap- pear fresh- ened. 26 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS terior frame-work is covered with matched sheathing, build- ing paper, and split shingles, laid ten inches to the weather. These shingles are left to weather a natural silver gray color, while the trimmings are painted a soft gray, and the blinds an apple green. The front entrance is reached by a narrow walk, edged with box, and extending from the street to the cement steps placed before the front door. The charm of the entrance lies in the beautiful design of its door and facings. The trellis built atieccither= side of the én- trance with openings for the windows at either side of the door, carries out the Colonial effect so earnestly sought. An attractive feature of the house is the pergola effect and living- porch built at the rear of the house. The hall is placed at the front of the house, and is trimmed with English fumed oak, in a dull finish. There is a staircase of handsome design, with broad landings, extending to the second story. closet is provided underneath the stairway. The walls of A Colonial House The Residence of L. F. Rhoades, Esq., at Nutley, New Jersey *» HEN Charles E. Birge, of New York, de- @ signed the house for L. F. Rhoades, Esq., he accepted the old New England Co- lonial house for his prototype. of house lends itself to the use of the broad-hewn shingles of the Eighteenth Century period. The foundation is built of stone; the superstructure is built of wood, with the ex- This style By Robert Prescott hung at the windows. The charm of the entrance lies in its classic design A hat and coat + DINING: Roon- NST Ie C sLivinc + Room: “13/5 x30 + PERCOLA: of the Fontainebleau design. January, 1910 the hall are covered with a tapestry wall-paper, in a foliage design of brown and green. Soft white madras curtains are To the right of the hall is the liv- ing-room, extending the full depth of the house. two-toned, green-striped wall-paper on the walls, and is trimmed with English fumed oak, in a dull finish. The fire- place has Harvard brick facings, laid with wide joints in white mortar, and a hearth laid with red Welsh tile. It has a The mantel is also of fumed oak and is designed in a_ simple manner. French windows lead from the living-room to the living-porch at the rear of the house, and by this device a deco- rative structural effect is ob- tained. There are two doors in the centre, opening in opposite directions, while at either side of which windows are built. The remaining space between the opening and the outside walls of the room is utilized for bookcases which are built in. The windows have curtains of white madras, hung loosely from a brass pole. The dining-room is reached from either the hall or the liy- ing-room and is built at the rear of the house, facing the garden. It is trimmed in Flemish oak, finished in a dull tone. ‘There is a panel wainscoting, obtained by the use of oak battens, ex- tending to the height of six feet from the floor, at which point a plate rack is built, extending around the room. ‘The panels formed by these battens are covered with a brown burlap, while the space above the plate rack is covered with a paper The ceiling is beamed, First floor plan «CHAMBER: ta ee Second floor plan January, 1910 forming deep panels, which are tinted a yellowish- brown color. The fireplace is built of Harvard brick, with a hearth and facings of the same. The facings of the fireplace extend up to the height of five feet, at which point they are finished with a mantel shelf on a level with the plate rack. A door opens in the but- ler’s pantry, which is furnished with dressers, drawers and sink. Another door opens into the kitchen, which is provided with a range, sink, dresser, pot closet, and a lobby large enough to admit an ice box. This service end of the house is trimmed with cypress, fin- ished natural. The stairway from the kitchen leads to the servants’ room, bait over the kitchen extension, thereby isolating the service end of the house from the liv- ing quarters of the family. The main part of the second floor contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, all of which are treated with a white painted trim, with doors finished in mahog- any. [he walls are covered with striped AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The living-room is trimmed with English fumed oak and is provided with a two-toned green striped wall-paper 27 wall-papers, in Co- lonial effects. The windows of each of the bedrooms are hung with white madras curtains, over which are hung cretonne curtains of Colonial design. The bathroom has a tiled wainscoting and floor, and is furnished with por- celain fixtures pro- vided with exposed nickel-plated plumb- ing. The cellar con- tains a _ laundry, fitted with porcelain trays, a _cold-stor- age room, and a steam-heating appa- ratus, and _ fuel- room. ‘The living- porch built at the rear of the house, provides a_ place which is screened in summer, and is en- closed in glass in winter, and _ used for a sun-room. This living-porch is a very necessary ad- junct to the country house, for it pro- vides a place, which may be furnished as a room, and also a place in which one may sit in the win- ter. Much planting has been done about the house and grounds, softening the lines of the house, and the site on which it is built. The third floor con- tains two bed-rooms and a trunk-room. The dining-room is finished in Flemish oak with batten wainscoting and plate rack of red brick Another view of the living-room showing the open fireplace built 28 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 Two views of the pergola of Mr. Rhoade’s house with its vines showing the purpose for which they are intended The Quebracho Tree of South America HE quebracho is a tree of South America (Argentine Republic), where it forms entire forests, but never- theless has been, until now, almost completely un- known. Its use is now beginning to spread among tan- neries, and for two reasons: First, its high content of tannin, which amounts to 18 to 20 per 100 pounds weight of wood and bark; second, the discovery of chemical methods of treating the extracts, which facilitate the em- ployment thereof. It was a German tanner of Buenos Ayres who was the first to find that extracts of quebracho wood were able to tan hides; but the first sample of the wood was carried into Europe by way of Havre in April, 1875, by Dubosc, who undertook the industrial manufac- ture of the extract. The employment of the extract de- veloped difficulties consequent upon the peculiar property of the tannin. When one extracts the tannin from the bark by boiling water, the solution deposits on cooling the insolu- ble tannin, while there remain in solution soluble tannins and the glucosides, or non-tannins. ‘These three compon- ents operate during the tanning, the soluble tannins com- bining with the fundamental substance of the skin, the non- tannin fermenting and giving the acids, which are neces- sary for “plumping”’ the hides, and which facilitate the absorption of the tannin; the insoluble tannins finally pene- trate uniformly into the pores and render the hide imper- meable. ‘The quebracho is composed of 20 parts of soluble tannins in 100 parts, and only 2.5 of non-tannins per 100, while it does not contain any glucosides; it is therefore not able to furnish enough acid by fermentation. But if one adds thereto acid liquors resulting from other extracts, there is produced a precipitation of soluble tannin, which renders the tannin process very difficult. Attempts have been made from the first to eliminate the insoluble tannins by addition of lead acetate, alum, albu- men, etc., and to thus obtain a clarified and decolorized ex- tract, but these attempts have not solved the problem. After that endeavors were made to render the insoluble tannins soluble; two Italian chemists, Leptit and Tagliani, found that by a treatment with alkaline bisulphites, the non-soluble compounds were able to remain in solution and also in the acid liquors. ‘This process, patented in all countries, has made feasible the universal employment of quebracho. In the United States there was employed in 1901 not more than 5,000 tons of extracts; in 1907, six years after the discovery of the bisulphite process, 50,000 tons were con- sumed, in 1909, 70,000 tons. ‘The extraction is effected in situ; on the Parana River is found a plant producing $0,000 tons per year. January, I910 VERN eAN “HOMES AND GARDENS . 29 Furnishing the Flat By Lilie Hamilton French I—THE HALL > O ONE need expect to find in a flat, a hall : of any architectural importance. It is generally a purely utilitarian affair, at its worst when presenting a long, bare stretch running from a parlor in front to a rear dining-room. Such a hall is always awk- ward, especially when dinners are given, and in its arrangement are confronted the most difficult of _ all decorative problems. In the halls here shown the passage- way is dark and lighted only from adjoining rooms. The only advantage over those which are oftenest seen, lies in the lay-out of the flat, with the dining- room and parlor opening into each other at one end, the front door at the other. This arrangement gives one an opportunity for con- sidering that most import- ant question of vistas, an impossibility in the narrow winding way of the every- day flat. Vistas include not only the approaches to an object, but the character of that object itself. The eye is constantly at work, and must never be shocked. Not only must it be satis- fied on the way, but it must be made to rest agree- ably on that to which it is led. Take the illustration, Figure 3, showing the doors of the dining-room as open, two front windows facing these. Anyone en- tering the apartment and looking straight at these windows, would experience an uncomfortable _ sense. The mistress, realizing this, has endeavored to do two things: first, to soften the light, not only by curtains but by flowers in the window, changed for the different seasons and always studied in their relation to surrounding colors. Secondly, to break up the straight lines, grouping objects so that while one gets the feeling of composition, one escapes that of a heavy mass- ing. It will be seen that the fireplace breaks the line in the dining-room, Figure 3, the subordinate lines being broken by the uprights placed upon it. In the hall the divan is not presented as an unbroken stretch, as a vase of flowers, on which it opens Figure |—A green and white striped paper covers the walls of this hall and gives an air of refreshing coolness the same as the dining-room on a pedestal, stands at its end. ‘The table in the foreground ‘of the illustration, again, has upright objects on it, their mutual relations having been well studied. “Thus, the brass hanging lamp, with its tassel, comes down to meet the palm in the brass milk can, while around it books and flowers break up the flat surfaces. In this way not only are straight lines broken, but a vista is arranged, but without sacrificing the light, as one would have done who used a screen in place of the table, in order to provide privacy to the divan, otherwise in full view of the front door. A screen, too, at the end of a vista would have accentuated the upper light of the window, which would be unpleasant and make a special study of that light a necessity. If objection is had to a Dutch milk can for a draw- ing-room table, its defence can be urged in a plea for its color, which harmon- izes with the other brasses in the room, especially with the lamp over it, and again in the fact that when the flowers are placed near by, white roses with their green leaves, for instance, the reflections are so pretty that the can makes its own excuses, which most people are glad to accept. If one looks at the hall shown in Figure 2, one will see that the same general laws have been observed. As the plain door is ugly, and yet must be confronted by outgoing visitors, it is hung with a picture framed in brass. ‘The picture it- self has its high light accen- tuated, so that the eye is more or less allured. This would not be the case were, say, a photograph of Rembrandt shown, which as a dark object would have no place there. One would instantly feel, too, that the pic- ture had been robbed of its proper dignity, being an object to be studied in tranquility, not to be glanced at while mak- ing an exit. Neither would a mirror do, since it would be deceptive and cause embarrassment to near-sighted people. Books do not rightfully belong to halls, and are only excusable when limitations of space make them a necessity. Here their shelves break up the long lines, and since they 30 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Figure 2—Books do not rightfully belong in a hall and are only permissible when limitations of space make them a necessity are unpretentious they are at least dignified. A carpenter made and stained these for $12. ‘The Dutch clock also breaks the line. One can be had from $25 to $50, but needs to be wound twice a day. Yet it is so companionable and decorative, and the slight trouble involved in winding is really a pastime. The small hat-rack cost 75 cents, and because unobtrusive, is greatly to be preferred to those ugly uprights having seats, hooks and bad mirrors. Yellow is the color of this hall, the hangings being of green denham, easily washed and shaken. Yellow gives light, suggests sunshine, and was chosen because the hall was dark. It blends agreeably, too, with that of the ad- joining rooms, where low-toned greens are prevailing. The importance of considering the colors of adjoining rooms has already been touched upon, but bears a slight repetition, since it can be readily seen that no room opening out of this hall could be done in a jarring tint. A green and white striped paper, like that running through all the halls of the Colony Club, covers the second hall, in Figure 1, here shown, and gives at once the same air of refreshing coolness already observed in the chintz drawing-room on which it opens. One will notice, too, the same reserve. Here all the books are grouped in shelves around the steam radiator, and this brings me to another uncomfortable problem—that of concealing these ugly af- fairs. Even in new apartments renting for thousands the same problem exists, and the astonishment grows that archi- tects have done so little for the tenant. In small apart- ments the tenant must do for himself, but there is no ex- cuse where the larger ones are concerned, and where heat may be introduced around the baseboard. As can be seen in the illustration, the shelves about the radiator conceal it. The upright lamp, too, helps to make a composition and, as it 1s lighted by electricity, the presence of the lamp is not objectionable. Very much the same plan has been followed in the other January, 1910 halls, except that in one instance a mirror is hung over the shelf, which is set out with brass. The mirrors’ reflections beguile the eye, carrying it away from the heater. ‘The brass candlesticks, too, have their proper place there, since on dark afternoons they are lighted. When the dining- room is crowded the serving-table is placed in front of the radiator, an arrangement so frank that no shock ensues. It may be as well, perhaps, just here, to give two or three other suggestions for the treatment of the radiator. When, as it often does, it comes in front of a window, a box seat may be built over it, furnished with cushions, which at least are comfortable in summer. Or the seat may be left uncovered, and set out with plants requiring much heat, the massing of the greens against the light being most ef- fective in some apartments. A more expensive device is that of a regularly fitted brass cover with latticed sides and top permitting the heat to escape, and finished with a well- designed border. This, though not concealing the heating apparatus, gives it a certain dignity, although nothing quite excuses the whole system of upright radiators. Still an- other way is that adopted in the Colony Club. ‘There a French dining-room would have been utterly ruined had the radiator been left to proclaim itself. The problem was solved in this way. The heater was covered with what looks like a cupboard with doors, the panels being made of wire screening painted gray-white like the wood. Be- hind the screening hangs thin pink silk curtains to match the room. This is an inexpensive arrangement which any clever man about the house, with a gift for designing, can do for himself. Instead of the wire screening, he could buy caning, like that used on chairs, and paint it. That which makes the special treatment just quoted, however, so clever, is the fact that the decorator balanced the pretended cupboard with a real one of like design, placed under the corresponding window, filling it with china. One is cau- tioned not to imitate this French design without studying Figure 3—The doors of the dining-room are open with the two rear windows facing them January, I910 the environment. It would have a proper place in the hall with green and white-striped paper, because the whole apartment is more or less French. It would be a silly af- fectation in the hall hung with brass. It will be noticed that in one of these halls a brass lan- tern hangs from the ceiling. This is fur- nished with a can- dle and cost $16. I refer to it in or- - der to call attention to what may be done with lanterns in halls. Now and then, for instance, an old ship’s lan- tern is found in an out of the way corner, and when gas, which is never agree- able, is used, the pipe may be made to run up through a hole pierced in the bottom of the lantern, which is hung by a chain to the ceiling. The flame then never flickers, and one gets the always delightful impression of an original idea well executed. What is better, the idea is one per- fectly possible to put into execution by one’s self, provided the environment makes it permissible. In the green and white hall an exquisite Venetian lantern with glass sides has been used, electricity being introduced into it, but such a treasure is only to be found for the fortunate. In the third hall, Figure No. 5, the colors are a buff and white, which makes an easy transition into the other rooms, furnished in golden brown and buffs. From the shelf over the radiator a bit of silk is hung to conceal it, the radiator being used now and then for drying on.a wet day. ‘Thus it Figure 4—Another scheme for concealing the radiator with a silk cover A i j | | : Figure 6—A card table with its folding leaf against the wall is the feature of this hall and trim of the same style Figurr 7—This hall is designed in the mission style with furniture AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 will be seen that though no practical necessity has in any case been ignored, every effort has been made not to make the disagree- able obtrusive. The illustration shown in Figure 8 is that of a hall furnished with a French gray and white paper. It shows the possibili- ties of utilizing a small corner of the hall with a_ hat table over which is hung an _ antique mirror. ‘The table forms a stand for the card tray, which should always be at hand near the front door. The hall shown in Figure 6 is similar so far as the hat table is concerned, but it presents a very artistic treatment for the door leading from the hall to the drawing-room. Wall-covering of a medallion pattern of the soft colors of brown, blending with the soft brown tones of the trim and the furniture with which the hall is furnished, is the scheme of the hall shown in Figure 7. The illustration shown in Figure 3 presents an attractive feature for a hall in providing it with an old Empire sofa and tables when the space will permit. The windows opening on a shaft permit an artistic treat- ment and are hung with soft draperies. Miss French will take up the drawing-room as the next subject in her series of ‘Furnishing the Flat,” which article will appear in the February issue of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. Figure 5—An unique way of concealing a radiator by the use of a wooden shelf Figure 8 —A corner of a hall al- lowing space for a hat table and with a mirror over the table. 32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 Flowers All the Year Round How the Lily of the Valley May be Grown at Any Time of the Year By S. Leonard Bastin . THE modern household fresh flowers are an essential feature of almost any scheme of decoration. Unfortunately, it is only those who live in very favored climes that can look to find blossoms in the outdoor garden at any season of the year. The horticulturalist of to-day, however, is nothing if he is not progressive, and he has not been over- come by the difficulties which surround the producing of blooms during the winter time. By means of artificially heated structures the twentieth century gardener has been able to keep going the supply of floral loveliness, even when the sway of King Frost is firmly established over the land. With the coming of the system of retardation, the possibilities of plant growing have been carried even further still. Most people must now be fa- miliar with the method of keeping roots and bulbs in refrigerators over their natural blossoming time, and in this way preventing them from starting into growth. By these means the development of the specimens may be _ sus- pended for several months, for it is not until the sub- jects are brought out into the light and air that any attempt is made on their part to make a start. The plants so treated do not seem to be in any way the worse for their unique experi- ences. Until very recently the handling of retarded plants has been regarded as a matter of interest to the professional florist alone. Strangely enough the general public has been slow to realize that the dis- covery is one which espe- cially appeals to the private individual. This is par- ticularly the case with one plant—the Lily of the Val- ley, which has shown itself to be an exceedingly easy subject to manage. It is safe to say that the frag- rant white spikes are to be numbered amongst the most valued of flowers, and the news that anyone in an or- dinary living-room may grow these treasures for himself will come as a pleasant surprise. One can hardly insist too much upon the fact that retarded roots Lily of the Valley crowns as they are purchased The first day do not require a great amount of heat; after the long-de- ferred growth the plants seem to be ready to burst into foliage and flower as soon as they are removed from the cold of the refrigerator. Retarded Lily of the Valley “crowns” (as the roots are technically called) may be pur- chased from any garden store, although a small dealer may have to order specially. When removed from the cold stor- age the plants are so eager to grow that they cannot well be kept in stock for a long while. It is important to go to a good business house, as unreliable firms will at times try to sell immature ‘“‘crowns” to the novice. These cannot all be relied upon to bloom. In a general way the purchaser may tell whether he 1s buying the flowering size by the ap- pearance of the pink buds. Those which contain a blossom are blunt at the ends, whilst the ‘‘crowns”’ which contain only leaves are sharply pointed. Buy in small quantities and fairly often so as to secure a succession of blossom. The Lily crowns are usually sold tied up in bundles and it is necessary that they should all be carefully separated. Do this with care so as to avoid injury to the brittle roots. Although not an essential feature of the treatment, it is a good plan to spread the crowns on trays in a single layer, and place them in a dark cool place for a couple of days. If during the winter, it should be ascertained that the temperature of the apart- ment is well above freezing point, for the object of this part of the treatment is to ensure that all traces of frost are re- moved from the roots before active growth is encouraged. This slight delay at the start will induce an accel- erated development later on. The next step will be to consider the question as to what we shall plant our crowns in. Ordinary pots will answer the purpose very well, but as a rule it will be found that the most satisfactory receptacles are shallow wooden boxes; these accommodate the thick masses of roots par- ticularly well. It is much better not to attempt to grow the plants in orna- mental vases which are ill- fitted to contain the roots. The specimens may be easily January, 1910 removed without injury just as they are coming into per- fection, and placed in any pot or jar which the fancy may dictate. Lilies of the Valley are especially easy to cultivate in that they will grow in almost anything. Indeed, it is doubtful whether it is not the best plan to aban- don the idea of planting them in soil at all. This material is dirty and unde- sirable to have about a liv- ing-room, and a far cleaner, and in every way more sat- isfactory medium, will be found in the coco fibre. This retains the moisture well The thirteenth day AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The fourth day 22 IS and in its consistency is pe- culiarly easy for roots to penetrate. _For use in con- nection with lily planting the fibre should be in a damp condition. First spread the stuff in a thin layer over the bottom of the box; then take each of the roots singly and place them one by one in a row at the end of the receptacle. Arrange so that the pink shoot is quite upright and the roots trail away along the bottom of the box. When one row is finished, bed it into place with fibre and then start to put in po- sition the next row, and so Ready for market 34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS on until the available space is fully planted. As a final step work in fibre over the whole of the planted area so that there are no holes, ramming the material in tightly with the fingers. If a very rapid development of the Lilies is de- sired it is important that the early stages of growth should be carried on in the dark, or at least in a dense shade. Removed from the action of strong light the stalks will elongate at a great pace if a suitable temperature is maintained. As has already been indi- cated, it is quite a mistaken idea to attempt to force re- tarded Lily crowns by the application of strong heat. This treatment will really do no good to the plants, and if carried too far may January, 1910 curiously enough, the bright heat appears to make the plants droop. Great attention should now be paid to watering the specimens and they should never at any time be allowed to suffer from lack of moisture. If the light is all coming from one direction, as will be the case when the Lilies are in front of a window, the box should be turned round daily so as to prevent the stems from leaning over too much to one side. If all goes well the rate of growth should now be considerable. At the end of the first week the spikes will have run up toa good height, whilst by the fifteenth day the flower buds ought to be well in view. Indeed, under very favorable conditions Lilies of the Valley have been grown to their full perfection in the easily harm the specimens short space of seventeen —as many a grower has Gathering the lillies days. In a general way found out to his cost. The the grower may reckon that most suitable temperature to apply to the plants is that which the Lilies would experience if they should come to perfection at their natural time about the month of May. A nearly similar degree of warmth is to be found in any room which is comfortably heated for occupation during the winter. After four days in the darkness, the box containing the growing Lilies may be brought out into the light. It will be noticed that the shoots have extended considerably, and in some cases may even have started to open up their leaves. Do not immediately place the plants in the strong light, but bring them by stages under the influence of the illumination in front of a window. At no time in the growth of re- tarded Lilies is the admission of sunshine desirable, in that his blossoms will be ready for plucking in about three weeks. During the last few days the foliage will benefit by an oc- casional sprinkle of water, although this should be discon- tinued when the flower buds have opened at all, as the moisture will damage the delicate blossoms. In gathering the Lilies it will be found advisable to cull them when the spike of bells is about half-expanded. In this way the blooms will keep much longer in water than if they are left until fully open. Retarded Lilies of the Valley may be cultivated at any time of the year, and it is not an unusual thing even in the summer time, to find the charming white flowers exceed- ingly useful. On special occasions, such as weddings, there is no blossom quite so suitable for decorative purposes. An Electrical Household By Jacques Boyer a= ) HE house which has just been fitted up in VE RS SF) the heart of Paris by M. George Knap, Sk of Troyes, is the last and most perfect illustration of modern comfort; and _ al- though a household of this character is not within the reach of everyone, its orig- inality well merits description. After having opened the door, by pressing a button, and confided to the telephone the object of our visit, we are conducted to the dining-room. If a meal is being served, we are surprised to see no waiter moving around the room. The servants remain in the kitchen, and send up every dish at the proper moment. In the dining-room is a switchboard with electrical measuring instruments and the necessary keys and commutators. The function of each key is inscribed above it, in order to diminish the chance of error, and a large bipolar commutator allows the switchboard to be cut off from the illuminating circuit. Various combinations of lights can be used according to circumstances. A large or- namental piece and dishes of fruit adorn the central part of the table, which is strewn with roses in which tiny electric bulbs are concealed. This central portion is surrounded by an oval groove, which leads to the two silver-plated doors which cover the entrance to the electric elevator. The area devoted to the plates and other utensils of the guests is bounded by low parapets of glass and silver. Below the table nothing appears except two nickel-plated bars which serve to guide the elevator, which is placed in the basement directly under the dining-room. One of these bars sup- ports the mechanism which operates the elevator and the crescent-shaped doors above it. On the table, beside the host, are four push buttons. When all the guests are seated, the host presses the white button, which causes a little drum to beat in the kitchen. Immediately the doors of the elevator shaft open, the soup tureen ascends to the table, and the doors close and conceal the opening. By pressing a red button at the right or left, the dish is caused to travel around the table in the corresponding direction. It is arrested at any point by removing the finger from the button. Other dishes are served in the same manner. The function of the fourth button is to cause the dish to rotate, in order to assist the guest in helping himself. When the course has been thus served, the dish is brought back to the elevator by the operation of the buttons, and the drum in the kitchen is caused to strike twice. Immediately the ele- vator doors open, and the elevator descends to the kitchen, whence it returns with the next course, after the plates have been changed. January, 1910 Let us now take a look at the clean and neatly furnished kitchen. The electric range is incased in wood and marble, so that it resembles a buffet. Attached to it are a switch- board, an electric clock, a rheostat by which the strength of the current and the heating ef- fect are varied, and an am- meter which measures the cur- rent employed in cooking each dish. The range contains four separate electric heaters of pol- ished aluminium, which can be operated singly or simultane- ously. By means of the electric clock, every dish can be cooked to precisely the proper degree. If, for example, a fowl is placed in the electric oven, it is known from M. Knap’s experiments that it will require thirty minutes to roast it by radiation. The electric contact of the clock is, therefore, set at the figure 30, and at the moment when the desired number of minutes have elapsed, the current is automat- ically cut off, and an electric bell advises the twentieth century chef that his fowl is cooked to a turn. Milk is automatically drawn into the stew pan, sauces and cakes need merely to be placed on or in the range, and the current does the rest. The cook can go off and smoke a cigarette without risk of burning his sauces or pastry. This method of electric cooking would not be very expensive when the current can be obtained from water power or from the waste power from a large motor. The electric kitchen contains a rotating table, on which are placed machines for chopping meat, churning cream, A bedroom in which breakfast is served by electricity AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 35 washing dishes, and other apparatus, driven by a small dy- namo. Some curious phenomena may be observed in this electric kitchen. For example, eggs are ‘‘boiled’”’ without the use of water, and, in contrast to what occurs in cooking with wood, coal or gas, a fowl begins to cook at the center, and the skin is not browned until the cooking is finished. M. Knap asserts that this method of cooking does not dry out the meat, and gives it a particularly agreeable flavor. It is stated that one cent’s worth of electricity will make four cups of coffee, or cook a steak, or boil two quarts of water, or make a Welsh rarebit, or operate a 7-inch frying pan for twelve minutes, or an electric griddle for eight minutes, or an_ electric broiler for six minutes. Near the kitchen is a laundry with electric washing machines, electric drying stoves, electric irons and ironing machines, etc. In the bedroom we find other novelties. The hot-water bag or bottle is replaced by an elec- tric bed warmer containing a small lamp, which is operated by compressing a bulb which hangs above the sleeper’s head. In the morning the occupant of the room has only to press a but- ton, and an elevator concealed in a small table will bring him his breakfast and his morning newspaper. Finally, ‘‘electric spies,’ distributed in all the rooms behind the wall-paper and the hangings and connected with sensitive microphones, make it possible for the master of the house, by pressing a button without leaving his bed, to know everything that is being done and said in the house. The electric kitchen Arrival of the dish on the table 36 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 The Residence of Henry W. Schultz, at Kenilworth, Illinois By Henry Hawley MERICA has no distinctive architecture of her own, for it is thoroughly cosmo- politan in its tastes, and adapts itself to the style of architecture of every period and country. ‘The tendency of architects in the designing of a house, to-day, is to follow some classic form, and to imitate and adapt to American requirements a style of building that grew out of the needs of a different people, whose life was carried on under different conditions. Not so with George W. Maher, of Chicago, who is the architect of this splendid house, for he has created a distinctive form and has devel- oped a most interesting style of architecture, which is very delightfully expressed in the charming house shown in the illustrations presented herewith. The unity of the whole scheme of this building expresses this thought in its lines, forms and proportions which are consistent, and there is very little necessity for its enrich- ment in ornamental design. One of the essential elements of beauty in any form is that derived from a sincere and thoughtful study, and when the characteristic of any period is eliminated from a de- sign then a new style is created. Mr. Maher has been very successful and has been able to demonstrate that it is possible to build a modern house, meeting all the requirements of a modern family, and at the same time design a building which will in all its parts express a distinct individuality. The first glance of the house reveals the soft gray color of the stuccoed walls, on which are growing vines, harmon- izing well with the grayish-green color of the painted trim and roof. The great surface of the wall space is enhanced by the buttresses built at each corner of the house with their forms receding from their starting point at the grade line to the under side of the eaves. The wide eaves and the win- dows and door casings are stained a soft grayish-green. The generous size of the front porch and entrance door with full panels of leaded glass, and the windows also of leaded glass built at regular intervals across the front of the building give a pronounced character to the design of the house. The floor plans explain the interior arrangement, which is quite complete for convenience and it comprises all the very best appointments to be found in a well-regulated house. ‘The lower floor is divided into a hall, built in the centre of the house, a large living-room extending the full depth of the building, a dining-room, living-porch, and kitchen, while the second floor is comprised of sleeping The front of the house is expressive of a distinct style of architecture January, I910 AMERICAN FtOMES= AND GARDENS 37 rooms. ‘The hall is trimmed with fumed oak, with the walls of rough plaster, tinted an 0 orange yellow. A moss-green carpet is stretched over the stairs, and DiNiNa Room 10* 18 green velour velvet portieres are hung at the doors. The while the walls of rough plaster, are tinted a yellowish- brown tone. Soft brown silk curtains are hung at the win- dows. The oval ceiling and the buf- fets built in at either side of the French window, at the end of the room, are Living Room 138 * 22 living-room built at the right of the en- trance is especially well provided with windows, at its front and rear, and also at either side of the fireplace. ‘This living-room has a fumed oak trim, finished with a forest- green effect. The walls are of rough plaster, and tinted a grayish-green color. The ceiling is beamed, forming panels of rough plaster, which are tinted in a lighter shade of the same green color. ‘The fireplace is built of Roman brick, with facings extending nearly to the ceiling, and containing a glass mosaic panel in the centre of its front. The furni- ture of this room is also of fumed oak, finished the same as the trim, and harmonizing «wcll with the soft green rug with which the polished floor 1s covered. Directly to the left of the entrance is built the dining- room, which is finished in a scheme of autumn colors. ‘The woodwork is of fumed oak, finished in a soft green tone, attractive features. The broad French First floor plan window opens direct on to the _living- porch, which is en- screened in summer, The service end of the house is most convenient in all its details, is treated with white enamel paint, and has granolithic floors. The second story is divided into sleeping-rooms, and a den. The latter has a white painted trim, with mahog- any finished doors, and rough plastered walls, tinted a soft green. “The owner’s room, which is directly over the liv- ing-room, has also a white painted trim, and yellow tinted walls. ‘The three guests’ rooms are finished in French gray, with trim and walls and furniture alike. The bathroom has tiled walls, ceiling and floor, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures, with exposed nickel-plated plumbing. The third floor contains the servants’ rooms, storerooms, and bath. and winter, and is used for a_ breakfast-room. closed in glass in 38 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 The hall is designed in the same style as the rest of the house The cellar is provided with a laundry, hot-water heating apparatus, fuel room and cold storage com- plete. A brick walk leads direct to the steps of the entrance porch, built at the front of the house, at either side of which is planted a profusion of growing shrubs. Considerable ;—— ~~ 75 y Simplicity is the keynote of the living-room landscape work has been done about the house, and a for- mal garden has been laid at the rear of the plot, reached from the living-porch. A well-kept Jawn and garden enhance the appearance of the house and carry out the sought-for scheme of consistent landscape work. Autumn colors is the scheme used for the dining-room January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 39 Painting Concrete Houses By George E. Walsh ig NE of the advantages claimed for concrete houses is that the cost of repairs are slight from year to year, and that the exterior surface does not require frequent painting to protect it from the elements. For this reason concrete residences by the seashore, where the strong salty air quickly destroys ordinary paint and rots the wood, have grown into popular favor the last few years. Apparently the harsh sea-air has no visible disintegrating effects upon the concrete sur- faces. This strong feature of concrete structures carries with it one disadvantage which has caused an endless amount of discussion and experiment. Concrete surfaces, while proof against weather conditions, present such a monotous color that from an artistic point of view many object to using the material for their homes. But for all that we have the dull blue-gray of ordinary Portland cement which offers little variety in effects when compared with the red and buff of terra-cotta or the clear white and warm gray of marble and granite. To secure the highest artistic results in concrete residences, therefore, builders and architects contend that we must have variety in color. There are two methods adopted to secure colors in con- crete houses. One is to mix coloring ingredients with the cement which will present lasting qualities, and the other is to paint the exterior surfaces with some paint which will give somewhat similar results. The mixing of different colored sands with the cement to get color-schemes, and the adding of certain oxides to the mixture to intensify certain shades are still in the experimental stage. The difficulties in the way of applying colors to the ex- terior after the concrete house is finished are somewhat similar to those which apply to exterior painting of frame houses. he weather affects them and necessitates repaint- ing at intervals. The use of lead and oil paints is not of lasting quality. The alkali of the cement has an affinity for linseed oil, and in time the oil oxidizes and ‘causes the paint to peel off or dust. Experimenters have realized for years that the ideal paint for concrete houses must be something more than a thin film. It must be a composition that will penetrate the surface and fill pores so that firm adherence can be obtained. A paint composed of color-pigments with ground cement as the base gives good results. The light chemical oils used are intended to dry out after performing their function of bonding the cement base to the concrete sur- face. [he cement base thus becomes a part of the wall and holds its color indefinitely. When nature in the form of wind, rain and sunshine has neutralized the alkalies of the cement, it is much easier to paint the exterior structure and secure more durable results. Consequently, it is unwise to figure upon having a stucco or concrete house painted when finished. If this is intended, the highest results cannot be expected. Old concrete houses that have stood exposed to the weather for a year or two are in much better condition for the painting. The new house painted can not undergo the same aging process. The film of paint is waterproof, and hence checks the process of neutralization of the alkalies in the cement. If the house has had an opportunity to dry thoroughly the question of painting the exterior surface to get another color can be considered with hope of success, Nearly all of the different methods of applying paint to cement sur- faces have been tried on new houses, and the experiments were conducted with the fresh concrete or stucco in view. Therefore, all of these apply with greater force to the houses which have been allowed to stand a year or two and dry out. One of the earliest processes was to treat the cement surface first with a wash to clean the surface and neutralize the alkali. Diluted muriatic acid or hydrochloric acid of seven to eight per cent. mixed with clean water composed this wash. After treating the entire surface all dirt, grease and other substances were removed, and the neutralizing of the alkali of the cement was hastened thereby. But, unfortunately, if the cement contains much lime, which is very commonly the case, the muriatic acid would tend to neutralize the lime and convert it into calcium chloride. This would prove most injurious to the cement surface. It would crumble and pit the surface, and when paint is applied to such a surface it would have a very uncertain foundation. Any application of such a wash to the ce- ment, therefore, means disintegration of both the surface and the ordinary paints. In the use of muriatic acid as a wash, and also sulphuric acid, which some have employed, an excess of acid is supposed to be washed off before the paint is used, but in spite of this the acid generally does injury to the surface. There is a method called the zinc sulphate, which gives much better results than either of the former applications and its cost is less. When the cement has dried properly an application is made of a zinc sulphate and water of equal parts by weight. When thoroughly mixed this solu- tion is applied over the whole cement surface with a stiff brush. A fine coat is thus formed, which at the end of two or three days dries hard and firm. The zinc sulphate changes the caustic lime of the cement into calcium sulphate or gypsum, and zinc oxide is deposited in the pores of the cement. Zinc sulphate is one of the most important of the white paint pigments, and when paint is subsequently applied, this becomes incorporated with it and gives lasting and durable qualities. The zinc sulphate has no known injurious effect upon concrete or cement surfaces, and consequently there is no disintegrating chemical change set up. This method of treating cement surfaces to prepare them for painting has been used successfully on a great number of private and public buildings. In preparing cement surfaces for painting consideration must be observed as to the effect the first application may have both upon the cement and the paint. The strong acids that destroy the cement can not be recom- mended anywhere. There are several other methods of preparing cement and concrete for painting, so that durable color-effects can be obtained, and some of these have given excellent results. One of these is to coat the surface with a solution of ten pounds of carbonate of ammonia to 45 gallons of water. The solution is applied with a brush once and left to dry. Insoluble calcium carbonate is formed on the cement sur- face, and a large amount of ammonia is liberated. This leaves a perfect surface for painting. Where mortar con- taining lime is used in building a stucco house, it is better to use two weak solutions of this mixture rather than one strong solution. The surface of cement is not injured by this wash, 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 ‘Low Gables - A Summer Home at Sound Beach, Connecticut By Burr Bartram for E. J. Lucas, Esq., at Sound Beach, Conn. The long lean-to roof and the twin gables are the attractive characteristics of this house, together with the field stone under- pinning, the balustrade and columns. The superstructure is of wood and the exterior frame-work is covered with old- fashioned shingles of cypress which are laid twelve inches to the weather and left to weather finish. The trimmings and blinds are painted a dark green. The roof is covered with shingles. The plan shows an entrance which opens on to a broad landing from which the stairs to the second floor ascend, and from which a short flight of stairs descends into the living-room. The living and L._. dining-rooms are malt treated in the Mis- sion style, with chestnut woodwork treated sam a sont brown color and with furniture and furnishings to har- monize. The floors are of hard wood and the ceilings are tinted. Each has a Second floor plan wainscoting and the living-room has a beamed ceiling. The dining-room has china closets built in each corner. The butler’s pantry, kitchen and laundry are trimmed with hard pine, and each is provided with all the best modern con- veniences. A bath house with shower is also provided in the kitchen end of the house. The second floor is treated with white enamel paint, and contains five bedrooms, two bathrooms, besides two bed- rooms for the servants, which are reached by a private stairway. The bathrooms have tiled wall and floors and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The decorative features of the house are quite important. The walls of the living-room are cov- ered with a dull green burlap, while the walls of the dining- room are covered with a burlap of a brighter shade of green, blending well with the darker tint used in the living- room. The wall of the bedrooms are cov- ered. with wall-papers of simple design. The walls above the wainscoting in the bathrooms are treated with white enamel paint. . Mik Teles brent Dining Poort TAD, Lucas, of New York, First floor plan was the architect. January, I9I0 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix w CORRESPONDENCE & The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of “‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic’ CURTAINS FOR A BLUE-AND-WHITE NURSERY CONNECTICUT reader, Mrs. D. G. x F., writes as follows: “I have kept to a very simple color scheme in my children’s rooms, using a tan-colored paper (ingrain) on the walls, a blue-and- white Brussels rug on the floor, with white woodwork. Now when it comes to the windows I am undecided as to whether to keep to white Swiss muslin or a plain blue material somewhat thicker. There is a large bay window with a wide window in the centre and a smaller window at each side. Shall I put up three pairs of cur- tains? Then there is a row of small win- dows at the side with small panes of glass, the sashes opening outwards. What is the prettiest way to treat these irregular- shaped windows?” A better plan for this nursery than either a plain blue curtain, or a white muslin, is a blue-and-white muslin made in a tiny woven pattern especially for casements. For the bay window, a pair of curtain may be hung at the centre, looping each length back at the side. At the narrow windows one length of the muslin may be hung al- most plain over the glass in panel fashion, trimming the two sides and bottom with an edge of lace, which should also be ap- plied to the centre pair of curtains. As the casement windows are long and low a different scheme will be necessary for them. A frill of the muslin, twelve or sixteen inches deep as the height of the window requires, may hang at the top, with a length to the sill at the extreme ends. The frill need only be carried from the side length at the right to the side length of muslin at the left of the window. If the window has a sill wide enough to hold three pots of flowers the room will have an element of out-door interest framed in its sash. FURNISHING AN UP-STAIRS HALL Moving from a city apartment into a suburban house, Mrs. I. W. N. finds a sec- ond-story, square hall to be furnished. She asks: “What shall I put in this space? It is not used in any way, yet it looks very bare with nothing in it. All of the main bedrooms open from this hall, so that I should like it to have some individuality. The walls are papered in a two-toned tan paper, and the woodwork is a dark oak. We have no rug for the floor. Would you advise a carpet instead of a rug?” A second-story hall of this kind is cer- tainly prominent enough to demand a care- ful furnishing. Without attempting to make it a cosy corner, it should have in- teresting furnishings. A rug that will lie firmly on the floor, of a size that comes within a foot of the walls, would be more practical than a carpet. If the rugs of ordinary make do not meet this require- ment of size, a carpet rug may be made of a good quality of Brussels, Axminster or Wilton, according to the expense to be al- lowed for this item. Wilton, of course, will wear the best. As the wall paper is not particularly dec- orative, there is opportunity for hanging some pictures, and the Guerin prints are suggested for their distinctive coloring and interesting subjects. These prints may be framed in dark oak like the woodwork, with a soft-toned mat and a narrow rim of gilt dividing the mat from the frame. If there is a connection with electric or gas lighting, a low lamp placed on a drop- leaf table will be another means for en- suring an attractive interior. The verde antique finish will give a better contrast with the tan walls and brown woodwork than a brass lamp. A wicker shade lined with orange-colored paper would be a pleas- ant note of color. If there is a suitable space for an open book-shelf, a collection of books may be kept in the hall, for use on this floor. A pair of bedroom candlesticks and a reliable timepiece may then find a place on the top shelf of the case. A comfortable side chair may have a place, but the elimination of unused furniture should be very strictly followed if the character of a hall is to be preserved. COLOR SCHEME FOR A CANADIAN HOME “T have read the replies to correspond- ents who are interested in making attrac- tive homes, and wonder if you can give me also some inspiration? What I especi- ally would like would be suggestions for the wall colors for the different rooms on the first floor, so that in opening one into another the effect will be pleasing. I visit so many places where the careless contrast of wall papers really disfigures the house. Now, my reception room is a south-east exposure, and it opens into the hall and living room. The living room has win- dows to the east and south. ‘The fireplace is of red brick, the ceiling is beamed, and there are built-in bookcases and seats. The dining room opens to the northeast. The ceiling is coved for a space of eighteen inches, and there is a plate rail. What is the best way to treat this upper section of wall? The hall is panelled to the top of the door frame, with only the upper wall to consider. There is also a small den with one west window, which needs the fullest amount of light. Please help me with a complete color scheme for these rooms, and oblige a Canadian reader, A. Te Only a general idea for the wall colors may be suggested at this distance, as the furniture that is in use is not indicated in the letter of inquiry. The rug or carpet is always the best starting point for a color scheme, and the finish of the woodwork is another important factor. Independent of these features, a pleasant color effect might be obtained by adopting a Japanese leather paper in burlap printing, gold and green, or gold and red (as the rugs demand) in the upper spaces of the hallway. In the reception room a soft, light shade of green with the pattern printed in self-tones may be used. In the living room a quiet back- ground can be achieved with a gray silk fibre paper. The dining room opening to the north may have a two-toned yellow paper, with the cove and ceiling tinted in a lighter tone of the yellow. In the den that lacks light until late afternoon, an apricot color may be chosen. Madras cur- tains showing the same color as the walls, in a mixture of cream-white, would help out the bright coloring. FITTINGS FOR A WRITING TABLE “We have just installed a small writing table, mahogany inlaid with satinwood, in our reception hall, as we often find a need for writing materials on the first floor. What is the best way to fit up a table of this kind in this location? Shall we use an ordinary blotter? Or would a metal- trimmed blotter be more suitable? I have only seen the openwork brass holders, and these I do not fancy.”’—T. E. H., of Vir- ginia. A table of this kind can become a very attractive part of the furnishings of a re- ception hall (which is too often the most uninteresting room in the house), if its fit- tings are thoughtfully selected. A holder for a blotter may be of hand-tooled leather, antique brocade or dull copper, and the blotter itself may be of a warm brown. The ink-well may be of plain crystal, with a smooth silver top, and the pen-rack may be of plain silver. An ivory pen-holder tipped with silver would be less conven- tional than a silver holder. If there is space for a candle lamp made of a Colonial candlestick fitted for elec- tricity (with a silk shade of champagne- colored silk), slender Grueby vase to hold a few flowers, and a bookrack for a few small books, the upper part of the writing table will be quite decorative. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS N another page of this issue is the O announcement of next year’s gar- den competition, which promises to be even more interesting than the last, be- cause of the more restricted conditions and the greater chance it offers to the true gar- den lover. These prizes give one a rare chance to make a profitable pursuit of a delightful luxury. Who would not like to have the satisfac- tion of a cash prize added to the other pleasures of a flower garden? [ven the smallest prize would pay for many new plants, or seeds, or bulbs for the following year. Is it not as great an honor to the architect of gardens to get a first prize or even an honorable mention for the product of his genius as it is to the artist who gets a “mention” at the Salon? There is no reason why a garden de- signed this winter and planted this sum- mer should not take a prize. ‘There is no reason why a garden already built should not be so worked over and improved this spring and summer that it will take first prize. If you are going to enter your garden for the competition, now is the time to think of its arrangement for next year. You should make a plan of the garden, showing the planting, and you should study the planting scheme with great care, going over it in detail, trying new groupings to make it more harmonious in color, new plants to make it more constant in bloom- ing, never forgetting, of course, the phy- sical needs of each plant. You will not have peonies in front of pansies, to take an exaggerated case, nor will you care to mix the reds of gladioli and phlox. These are samples of poor arrangements. You will find others that are less obvious though no less distressing to a cultivated taste. Flowers that are uninteresting or inef- fective will, of course, be weeded out, to be replaced by the untried novelties of this season’s catalogs. The design of the garden in general may lack simplicity and unity. It may fail of its effect because it is too disordered and diffuse. This fault you may be able to correct by some rearrangement of paths or of beds, or you may decide that a radi- cal change is necessary. Sometimes en- larging the garden will help, and again, it may be well to divide it into several parts differing slightly in character. If it is flat and uninteresting, and lacks “scale” (that is, is out of proportion either to its surroundings or its own details or to the human figure)—if it lacks scale, it may be helped by spiry cedar trees or poplars or by some architectural details, such as an ornamental gateway or pergola or a sun- dial. Water in a garden, either in a pool for pond lilies or a fountain, is always a great help, and is often easier to introduce than people suppose. GARDEN NOTES CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DOWNING LAY In a wild or naturalesque garden, the free use of the axe and the bushhook in cutting out its deformities and monstrosi- ties may be sufficent. lf the garden is not now built, it will be harder to win a prize, though by no means impossible. There are three months between now and April, when operations should be begun. You should try many schemes for many sites, and when you have at last decided on one of them, you should have a clear conception of what the garden will look like when finished. Be careful about the location of the gar- den, and make the most of all its natural beauties and character. If there is a fine old tree, make that the focus ; if there is a boulder or a ledge or a stream, make it part of the garden. Above all, enclose the garden, whatever its nature, so that nothing except the blue distance can be seen beyond its boundaries. NEW CLIMBING ROSES Two new climbing roses, hybridized and raised by Jackson Dawson, are to be intro- duced this spring, and promise to become more popular than the crimson rambler. They are certainly more beautiful in flower and foliage, and are equally hardy. Lady Duncan is a seedling of the me- morial rose (Rosa Wichuraiana), fertil- ized with pollen from R. rugosa. The flowers are single, petals a deep pink and a little larger than those of the memorial rose. The stamens are yellow. The rugosa blood shows in the dark, roughened foliage and the plentiful spines. This rose won the silver medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in Igoo. It can be trained on pillars or arches in the garden, or on the piazza. Like the memorial rose, it is prostrate when not supported. The long shoots run ten or twelve feet over the ground in one sum- mer. Daybreak is a cross between Wichurati- ana and the Dawson, which is itself a cross of R. multiflora and General Jacqueminot. It is a vigorous grower, and blooms pro- fusely. The flowers are single, deep yel- lowish pink, in loose clusters. The sta- mens are bright orange, and the leaves are a light green. A SHAKESPEARE GARDEN Though not a new idea, the Shakespeare Garden, or garden of plants mentioned by Shakespeare, is a delightful one, and of all gardens it is the fullest of sentiment. It should be a picturesque garden, or perhaps a whole place, with the English oak, the Scotch pine, the plane, the syca- more, the linden, the apple, the hawthorne, the birch, the ash, the beech, the elm and the willow planted on the edges or in the lawn. The ebony, cypress palm, date, senna, etc., cannot, of course, be grown in January, 1910 this climate. The “locust” is not a tree, but a fruit, and the hemlock is not a tree, but a common, umbelliferous herb. The yew is mentioned, of course, and is identified as the hebenon which _ killed Hamlet’s father. Many of Shakespeare’s plants are weeds, like the rush, sedge, burdock, etc., and others are kitchen garden plants, like po- tato, cabbage, onions, garlic, lettuce and radish. Of the real flowers or sweet herbs men- tioned, the following can all be grown here with little trouble: Aconitum, anemone, bachelor’s buttons, balm, burnet, camomile, carnations, car- away, columbine, cowslip (primrose), crow flowers, crown imperial, cuckoo buds, daf- fodils, daisies, Dian’s bud, eglantine, fennel, flax, flower-de-luce, fumitory, gorse, hare- bell, heath, hemp, honeysuckle, hyssop, ivy, ladysmocks, larkspur, lavender, lily, long purples, mallows, mandrakes, marigold, marjoram, mint, narcissus, oxlips, pansies, pinks, piony (paeony), poppy, primrose, roses, rosemary, saffron, samphire, savory, thyme, vetches violets, wormwood. The list is not a long one, but they are all in- teresting plants, and what opportunities they give to quote! They will not all be found under these names in seed catalogs, but can be looked up with their fitting quotation in Canon Ellacomb’s delightful book on the “Plant Lore and Garden Craft of Shake- speare.” BOOKS ON GARDENING HE collection of books on gardens alt and gardening is almost as fascin- ating a pursuit as gardening itself, and easier to follow in the winter, par- ticularly if one moves to the city with the first snow, to stay until the crocuses and daffodils are in bloom. The gardener’s library will, of course, include such excellent works of reference as the “Cyclopedia of American Horticul- ture,” in which one can find a description of any plant that is grown in America, out- doors or under glass. Besides its botanical and cultural information, there is much in- teresting history and biographical gossip. Button and Brown’s “Flora,” with its drawing and description of every plant found wild in the Northern United States, is indispensible, and should be followed in nomenclature. Sargent’s “Manual of Trees,” which is an abridgement of his monumental sylva, is useful and entertaining. In Prof. Bailey’s “Rural Science” series. “The Soil” and “Irrigation and Drainage,” both by Prof. King, are admirable. The “Garden Craft” series has many useful books which the gardener will do well to own. “The Horticulturalist’s Rule Book,” ‘Garden Making” and “The Prun- ing” books are to be especially noted. + + January, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xl Continued from page -v. of how things grow and live in the gar- den; a lot about plants and the weather; a lot about out-door life all the year ‘round. All told, 1f you please, in the most delight- ful way, so that the mere scanning of the words, is a delight. If not actually a new kind of a garden book, it puts garden life in a new way, and is thoroughly interesting from cover to cover. Surely there is merit in this procedure; for one of the principal purposes of art is to be engrossing; one of the chief ends of literature is to be interesting; the real ob- ject of writing a book is to produce some- thing that people will read. Garden books are rarely literature, rarely books one will read through from beginning to end for the sheer love of reading. Their authors, for the most part, are too intent on telling you what to do and how to do it. There is, it is true, a host to learn in garden lore, even for the best of us; but at times it is a bit tiresome to read of soils and growths and prunings and seeds and flower pots. The real growth out of doors is the thing and our garden-book authors seldom get even a whiff of the real atmosphere. Not so Mr. Farrer. He loves his plants and knows them; understands them too. and how they need to be reared and shel- tered. And he tells you all about these things while you think he is simply describ- ing scenery! Garden lore was never more agreeably served up than in his pages. He has achieved a real success in book making and has produced a book at once instructive and entertaining. AUTOMOBILES AND ROADS IN FRANCE ee action of automobile traffic upon road surfaces is quite different from that of horse-power vehicles, points out Ernest Flagg in an article discussing French and English roads in the Century Magazine. The tires ex- ert a sucking action, which draws out the particles of the binder from between the stones, and loosens them. No road of broken stone can stand an excessive amount of such usage; but where motor traffic is light, and the road is in perfect condition, little damage is done except at turns. The particles sucked from between the stones are quickly restored by sweeping, and con- solidated by the ordinary traffic. The damaging effect of excessive motor traffic can be seen in the roads immediately about Paris. Within a zone of twenty miles around the city they are in a state of ruin. The surface is so cut up that it is almost impossible to drive over them, and they are now to be replaced by roads of a different kind, designed to meet this sort of traffic. The effect of motor traffic is most dis- astrous on roads where depressions are allowed to form on the surface. In wet weather, the water which collects in them is violently thrown or splashed out by the wheels, carrying with it the binding mater- ial from between the stones. In such places a few passings machines will be sufficient to dig out a pot-hole, and unless this is speed- ily filled in, a rut will be formed. At corners and turns in the road the wheels of swiftly moving motor-cars slip and grind the surface, tearing the stones apart, and breaking up the crust. The notion that chains do much damage to roads is a mistaken one; they certainly do not add to the suction or splashing, and they are used expressly to prevent slipping. How they shone—those old folks— at a function or reception— But oh! what they missed in their lack of all conception of a food so good as Uneeda Biscuit The Soda Cracker that makes our days the best of days. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY THE FRUIT CURE FOR RHEUMATISM THE OLD “CURE?” for rheumatism is some unpalatable compound, “‘well shaken before taken,” given to correct an unduly acid condition. cure is AT WOOD GRAPE FRUIT No new principle is involved in this fruit cure. It has been demonstrated by physicians and sufferers from rheumatism that the citric acid of this delicious Florida product accomplishes in the most delightful and natural way what the bottle method too often fails in doing. Says the Bureau of Chemistry of the Department of Agriculture, in speaking of citric acid: “Tt combines with certain bases and the resulting combinations in turn are , transformed into carbonates, thus rendering an unduly acid urine alkaline.’ Thus nature has responded to the world-wide cry for relief from a distressing malady by appealing to the palate in a most seductive way. ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT Is the thin-skinned kind that is filled with juice and has the genuine grape fruit flavor. Standard Box of 54, 64 or 80, according to size, Six Dollars Buy of your Dealer. We do not fill retail orders. THE ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT COMPANY Kimball C. Atwood, President 290 Broadway, New York xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1910 “Twelve years’ wear not one cent’s worth of Repair.” A customer writes: ‘“ The 6-inch Ericsson Hot-Air Pumping Engine furnished to the writer by you about twelve years ago has given excellent satisfaction; not one cents worth of repairs has ever been needed by it.’’ Certainly no stronger statement could be made as to the wearing quality of a Hot-Air Pump. This durability is the result not only of care in manufacture, but is largely due to its simplicity of construction and operation. The Hot-Air Pump differs from a steam-engine in that it is a machine of few parts and of low not of high power; the power generated being just sufficient for its particular purpose, 7. e., the pumping of water; therefore its parts are subject to no pressure, such as is present in a steam-engine. With ordinary care such as oiling, cleaning occasionally, and the replacing Be sure that the same “REECO-BIDER o- REECO-ERICSSON tects you against worthless imitations. use throughout the world to-day. 35 Warren Street, New York 239 -anklin Street, Boston means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder. combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. mantels required. The most unique line on the market. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a repu- table dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Write for Catalogue E, and ask for reduced price-list. Riper-Ericsson ENGINE Co. 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia (Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco’’ Electric Pump) ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a Our 75-page, 10x14 inch catalog, which will be sent free to anyone interested (enclose ten cents to cover postage), and state the number of Write for catalog to-day. WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept.D,Atlanta, Ga. of worn washers, a Hot-Air Pump will outlast a generation of users. Thus purchasers are assured freedom from expensive repairs, which are the usual accompaniment of all elaborate or intricately constructed machines. The Hot-Air Pump is small, inconspicuous and portable. It can be tucked away in a corner of your cellar, in the barn or woodshed; no elaborate structure is required, such as a wind-mill tower. You simply lay a pipe to the nearest or most convenient well, spring, or run- ning brook and there you are, with your water delivered in abundance every day in the year, appears upon the This name pro- Over 40,000 are in 234 West Craig Street, Montre 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. HOT-AIR PUMP Silica Dixon’s Graphite Paint Lasts And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. have inert pigments to do with it? Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOORESIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND oR CATALOGUES What Our Booklet 106B will tell you. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. Illustrated ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 etc. Buildings, stallation are given. trated follow in the next column. MUNN ¢& CO.,Inc., Publishers Modern Plumbing By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (101% x7%) Paces 55 FULL PaGEs OF q A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public The very latest and most ap- proved methods in all branches of Sanitary In- @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 3 Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York tas Pere SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Connections [ete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift— Sump Tank } Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House k Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat House Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Building Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, etc. Thawing of Underground Mains an fey Electricity ervice Pipes Continued from page vii. iron oxide and feldspar are the most com- mon. ‘The latter two may be left out of consideration, as they seldom appear save in small quantities. Clay, however, is nearly always found in sand and many times in considerable quantities. To de- termine what effect the presence of clay has upon the strength of sand-lime brick, S. V. Peppel, a member of the Ohio Geo- logical Survey, made some valuable ex- periments. He made up numerous samples of brick, varying in each the precentage of clay. Upon testing these brick he found that up to three per cent addition of clay very little change took place in the strength of the brick, but for amounts over this there was a decided decrease both in crushing and tensile strength. It was also interesting to note that small amounts of clay decreased slightly the water absorption of the brick, acting to some extent as a waterproofing agent. For the manufacture of sand-lime brick a high calcium lime is by all means the Sest. Magnesian limes while they give just as strong a brick as do the high-calcium limes yet they are too slow in slacking and one runs considerable risk in using them, since if the lime is not thoroughly slacked before the brick go into the hardening cylinder slacking will continue, and the lime expanding will crack and ruin the brick. The best practice demands eight per cent by weight of slacked lime. A less amount of lime than this does not give a brick first class strength; and a larger per cent of lime than this, while it adds slightly to the crushing strength of the brick, it also adds to the water absorption, and incident- ally to the cost. To secure the best results the lime must be thoroughly mixed and ground up with the sand. For this mixing and grinding there are various machines upon the market which can be used. Among them are the tubemill, ballmill, and gyratory mill. The last two mills mentioned have one advantage over the former, that is of being able to handle the material when it is slightly damp, whereas in the tubemill a trace of moisture in the material causes the lime to stick and form a coat over the sides of the silex lining, in which case little or no grinding is done by the mill. How- ever, the material being dry, of these three classes of mills I believe the tubemill to be the best, as it not only gives a very finely eround product but also gives a more thorough mix than the other two mills. An- other point in its favor is that the cost of repairs on a tubemill is considerably less than that required by the ball or gyratory mill. In the manufacture of sand-lime brick the machinery is subject to much greater wear and strain than that used in the pro- duction of clay brick, and the maximum of this wear centres in the grinding mill and the press. The press must be massive and built to withstand excessive strains, because a slight variation in the amount of water added to the mix makes a very great differ- ence in its compressibility; therefore the press must have a large surplus of strength in order to withstand this extra stress which will most likely be brought upon it. Within the press the greatest wear is on the mold box and mold liners. A set of the best liners will turn out about 100,000 perfect brick. Beyond this number they become considerably worn and the edges of the brick are feathered and rough so that they are suitable only for common brick. In steaming the brick two methods can be followed to secure the same result; January, 1910 PVE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii either a high steam-pressure for a few hours or a low steam-pressure for a com- paratively longer period. In either case the brick will attain the same degree of hardness. Most manufacturers are, how- ever, agreed that 8 hours at a pressure of 120 pounds per square inch (2 hours be- ing required to bring the cylinder up to this pressure) is the best and most economical practice. The steam must not be turned in too fast, as the surfaces of the brick will become highly heated while the interiors remain cold; the unequal expansion thus produced causes the brick to check. Through the overzealous efforts of ma- chinery jobbers who think only of dispos- ing of their machinery, an erroneous 1m- pression has been spread abroad that sand- lime brick can be manufactured at an ex- tremely low cost. The cost of manufactur- ing sand-lime brick depends upon the same variable quantities as does the manufacture of clay brick or any other product. Labor and fuel are the main items in the manufac- ture of brick and to produce brick cheaply a dollar’s worth of labor must be got for every dollar paid for labor, and for every pound of fuel the greatest possible number of heat units must be utilized. It is the stopping of the little leaks that make the profits in manufacturing. PRUNING Pe ‘ING is one of the essential op- erations in horticulture. Its ob- jects are many and varied. It has been practiced in some form and _ to some degree ever since fruit plants have been grown, points out Prof. W. R. Lazenby in a paper read before the Society for Horticultural Science, at St. Catharines, Ont. In spite of its signal importance it is the one fundamental practice in horticulture about which we have little definite or exact knowledge and still less well-grounded principles. Is it too much to say that less real progress has been made in the art of pruning during the past quarter of a cen- tury than in any other equally important branch of horticultural practice? Certainly in the matter of selection of varieties the question of the adaptability of soil and site, the laying out and planting. cultivation or management of soil, protec- BRISTOL’S RECORDING THERMOMETERS make continuous records of atmos- prece temperatures, and are designed or both indoor and outdoor tempera- tures. Send for new catalogues. THE ie aeeeran WATERBURY, CONN. NEw Y Branches CHICAGO Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assiftant Professor, College of Architecture, nell University This book is 10x12% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Sending a message is only half of the transaction. The other, and equally im- portant, half consists in getting back the answer. Sometimes this is a reply to a question, or the acceptance or rejection of a pro- posal. Sometimes it is simply an acknowl- edgment that the message has been received. The value of the message depends upon getting an answer. When a general manager sends word to a representative in a distant city, he wants to know that his man is there, that Instantancous C he receives the message, and that he will act. If the answer is not final, but raises another question, there is no delay. The other question can be settled at once. It is possible, in one telephone interview, to come to a decision which could not have been reached without the instan- taneous answer. Each answer is made instantaneous by the Bell telephone service. The Bell system, with its ten million miles of wire, provides the instantaneous answer for anybody, anywhere, at any time. Increased use of the Long Distance Telephone means greater results in every line of human endeavor. Telephone efficiency means One Policy, One System, Universal Ser- vice. Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES JUST PUBLISHED paratus. VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XVI. Greenhouse Heating. Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. MUNN & COMPANY, INC. Practical Steam and === Hot Water Heating and Ventilation By ALFRED G. KING 402 Pages. An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in text, diagrams and illustrations. CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. Il. Heat. 1V. Boiler Surface and Settings. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII XX. Ventilation. District Heating. XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control XXVI. Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Het-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY Containing 304 Illustrations Price $3.00 Describes all of the prin- IlI. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- V. The Chimney Flue Hot-Water Appliances. . Miscel laneou s XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. XXVII. Miscellaneous. Business Methods. xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “The Best of All Bone Cutters | Best, because it’s the only cutter made that cuts bone across the grain. And the most successful poultrymen know that bone cut in this way is easily assimilated by the hens and produces the best results. The qn =e Standard Bone Cutter or SG is easy torun and / YS se © easytobuy. Sent ES >) on 10 days free trial. Cut shows No. 9, $8.80. It has many improvements. ir other sizes from $6.75 to $1g5. Write for catalogue. STANDARD BONE CUTTER CO. Milford, Mass. AS iil 5 Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE HA 1300 END SF FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO SPECIAL OFFER to ele BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- mm ING LOCK. A Safeguard for Ventilating Rooms. Pure Air, j 1 Good Health and Rest Assured. i To introduce this article, Four jf In Ventilating Locks in Genuine if “ hl Bronze, Brass or Anuque Cop- id Mths per Finish will be mailed to | any address prepaid for One i Dollar. Will include a forty ==? page Hardware Catalogue and jf == Working Model to carpenters | who wish the agency to ae i vass for its sale. Address The H. B. Ives ee HAVEN $@ Take off your Hat tne ys y. Write for Ci AM I RS | F.E. Myers & Bro < 7 : cal PATENTED Ashland, Ohlo H AY re p08 TOO may ice MNIZARG ~ BRAND ~~ Poa Sheep Manure pea Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad aang odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house planta. LARGE ‘ _STABLE e $4.00 Delivered teen aint eae Apply now, The Pulverized Manure Co.,20Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, MANU URE. EUGENE PITOU, CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY NEW YORK Telephone, 6084 Barclay “BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” telJs the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect. Shows bow to improve YOUR property FREE. Write to-day. OV ET Landscape Service, Box 128 LITTLE SILVER, N. J To secure the richest and most durable effects in wood-finishing use § Send for Free Booklet, edition AH=-12 SG JOHNSON & SON, “The Wood- Finishing Authorities’ RACINE, WIS. January, 1910 BURLINGTON “sit.” BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Venetian Blind for q Equal 500 miles inside window and northward. Perfect | Sliding Blinds outdoor veranda. ' for inside use. Any wood; any privacy with doors Require no finish to match trim. and windows open. | pockets. Any Darkness and breezes wood ; any finish. in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.. 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont THE WEALTH OF NATIONS } PATENT GIVES you an exclusive right to your invention for aterm of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience enables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the proba- ble patentability of your invention. Hand Eas on ee Trade Marks, etc., San Be on eM MUNN & COMPANY | e “< Solicitors of Patents Branch Office Main Office 625 F Street, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from A affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are 2r"l given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. M U N N & C O. ? Inc. « SCENT SRIGAN ol Broadway, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv January, 1910 While You Plan For 1910 vex Pisa Let us know your problem and submit our Suggestions and planting plan | Practical, economical landscape service, based on thirty years’ experience on fine large and small estates, public parks, etc. Detail planting list and exact cost given with each plan. Our booklet, ‘“Beautifying Home Surroundings” will be sent free, prepaid, on request. Tells most practical way to plant for immediate effect ; illustrates and describes best methods of handling the very prob- lems that will confront you. Make the most of your landscape—get our suggestions, booklet and 68-page Tree, Evergreen and Hardy Plant catalog at once. O V E T LANDSCAPE SERVICE J. T. Lovett, Box 128, Little Silver, N, J. WORLD* q' IHE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is a mirror that : q reflects once a week every interesting item of the world’s progress. No paper is so broad in its scope; none so valuable to the person who would be well informed and conversant with _ the world’s affairs. You may read dozens of periodicals but they will not give the reliable information and entertainment found in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. It stands alone in its field. It is not a dry, technical journal, dealing in uninteresting facts and figures—it is news, live, wide awake, interesting, entertaining. Everything new in science and art; every new discovery and inven- tion; the latest information of industrial development and scientific research—all ace told in a bright, interesting and untechnical way. The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN searches every corner of the earth for news that is interesting to everyone who wants to be in touch with the world’s progress. Our correspondents are in all the leading countries of the world. $1,000 would not pay the subscription price of the papers that contribute a part of the information you get in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Subscription price, $3.00 per year The Scientific American Reference Book With One Year’s Subscription This book is entirely different from anything of its kind ever published. It is better— more complete—more reliable. Compiled after 50 years’ experience with the wants of others. Contains 500 pages of the most recent and useful information; 50,000 facts, often accompanied by unique diagrams and comparisons. Revised by eminent statisticians and government officials. A book for every-day reference—more useful than an encyclopedia because you find what you want in an instant in a more condensed form. This book is handsomely bound and sells for $1.50, but you get it free while it lasts with a year’s subscription to the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Send $3.00 to-day and get this book and the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN every week for one year. Detailed prospectus and sample copy of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN on request. Address Subscription Department No. K., MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, * 361 Broadway, New York Charles B. Wilson, Architect Country and Suburban residences planned and designed with landscaping in con- Nection :-: Correspondence invited to ———— ee ee 309 American National Bank Bldg., Richmond, Va. Commissions Executed Anywhere 50 Pages of Distinctive Homes Colonial—half timber—cement—tremodelled farm-houses—bungalows. In the great Building Number of House and Garden (The January issue) Cabot’s Shingle Stains give artistic and harmonious coloring effects of guaranteed durability, and the Creosote pene- trates and thoroughly preserves the wood. ‘The most economical and only appropriate coloring for Shingled residences, bungalow shingles, An indispensible guide for all those who are going to build or furnish their homes or who love to see portrayed successful houses. Twenty practical articles full of help and suggestion, superbly illustrated. HOUSE AND GARDEN the magazine of good taste for the home—is an ably edited and beautifully illustrated magazine brimming over with inspiration and interest to every one who wants to make the house, its garden and its grounds notable in their good taste and attractiveness and for all those who love the country. 25c COPY -:- $3.00 A YEAR TO NEW SUBSCRIBERS Send one dollar for a six months trial subscription, which will include the great Building Number in January and the su- perb Gardening Guide in April, two of the most important issues for the home- owner ever published. McBride, Winston & Co., Publishers 6 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK or siding, rough board camps or cottages, boat and club houses, shelters, etc. Send for stained wood samples and catalog SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers 131 Milk St., Boston, Mass. AGENTS AT ALL CENTRAL POINTS Gaggin & Gaggin, drch'ts, Syracuse The Complete Hotel” Hotel Statler BUFFALO 300 Rooms -300 Baths Modern in Construction. Artistic in Appointment. Complete in Equipment, Perfect in Service. Circulating Ice Water to All Rooms European Plan Exclusively Free Christmas Dinners For 300,000 Poor People WILL BE SUPPLIED BY THE SALVATION ARMY THROUGHOUT THE UNITEDSTATES Will you help by sending a Donation, no matter how small, to Commegnder MISS BOOTH, iS W. 14th St., NEW YORK CITY. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Superb Gift Book Historic Houses and Their Gardens EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE Assistant Professor of the History of Architecture, University of Pennsylvania With an introduction by Frank Miles Day, Lecturer on Architecture at Harvard University HE wealthy and wise have, from time immemorial, set their houses in the midst of a garden with grassy lawns, clicking pebble walks, splashing water, trees for shade and flowers for scent and color. The garden is the open-air part of a house. Everyone cannot inhabit the house and the garden that his dreams inspire, but in leafing over such a book as this he can wander at will upon the turf that others have sown, can glimpse enchanting vistas that the greatly fortunate have revealed, can revel in the rooms that centuries of famous family occupancy have hallowed with a history of their own. “Historic Houses and Their Gardens” affords an intimate picture of places the world over, celebrated for their beauty and their associations. It is of extraordinary value because it comprises an astonishing diversity of scene. Japan, India, Persia, Mexico, Greece and Ancient Rome have contributed to it, with America, England, France, Austria, Spain and modern Italy. Writers ‘‘to the manor born” conduct one through the spacious halls and terraces : The Dowager Countess De La Warr, The Honourable Miss Sackville- West, Miss Acland-Hood, P. H. Ditchfield, George Walter Dawson, and others whose observation is as keen as their pens are facile. Over three hundred exquisite pictures from photographs, water-color sketches and plans, are beautifully printed on the extra-coated paper which is used throughout. The book is a quarto, 9x12 inches, and contains 272 pages. Bound in Cloth, with gold and ink stamping. $6.00 Express Prepaid Country Homes and Garden of Moderate Cost EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE = bock has been prepared to satisfy a constantly growing demand from those who are planning to at oF build and lay out their grounds, from those who wish to remodel their houses and those who enjoy seeing portrayed successful houses that have been built at a moderate cost. Leading architects, interior decorators and landscape gardeners who are leaders in their respective fields were asked to contribute. The result is an authoritative book on the whole subject of home Fore Tt building, interior decoration and gardening surpassing anything of the kind yet published. Country and suburban homes on limited space, on the seashore, in the mountains, alluring bungalows and inexpensive remodelled farmhouses are some of the types presented in picture and text. Plans and Photographs of Houses and Gardens Costing from $800 to $10,000 Each of the designs is the work of an architect of established reputation, and the photographs were taken especially for the book, after the houses were built. 200 beautiful half-tone engravings form the superb illustrative features. Floor plans of homes, plans of gardens, photographs of interiors and exteriors, general views of completed homes all combine to render the book intensely interesting and helpful. A quarto volume, size 9x12 inches, sumptuously printed on heavy plate paper, attractively bound in green book-cloth. $2.00 Express Prepaid McBRIDE & WINSTON CO., 6 West 29th Street, New York Publishers of House & Garden ' Country HOMES - % - CAND oe GARDENS ~ MODE JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV STICKLEY A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and needlework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high recognitior as the first fearless expression of an independent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York January, 1910 tion from insect enemies and fungous disease, harvesting, storing and marketing, substantial progress has been made, and well-defined systems or policies have been quite generally adopted. On the other hand, there are few definite or well-defined systems of pruning. It is a sort of hit-or- miss, go-as-you-please policy from start to finish. Aside from our fruit plants the rejuvena- tion and prolongation of life of our native trees that have for generations beautified, even glorified, the landscape, and have such a potent influence upon the esthetic life, may well be considered. The life of a vet- eran tree outside of the forest at least should be cherished with zealous care. What a contrast to the works of man! As we watch its growth there is no push and pull, no stress and strain, no grimy toil, no agony, no bloody sweat. It represents the calm, silent, persistent, resilient forces of nature, acting through scores, or even cen- turies, of years. Yet it can be destroyed in an hour, and when it is gone there is a va- cancy not soon or easily filled. The time has come when more attention should be given to the dwarfing of trees by systematic pruning. As land becomes more and more valuable, and orchard areas more circumscribed, there will be a natural tend- ency to plant more closely. This will neces- sitate and impel to more radical pruning. We should be prepared for this. Ten years ago the writer established a home on a vacant city lot. This lot was 75 by 160 feet and devoid of tree or shrub. The question was how to have a compara- tively spacious open lawn and a goodly number of trees, not excluding a fair pro- portion of shrubs, herbaceous perennials and annuals. With some misgivings and with the expectation of a speedy removal of at least two-thirds of the number, about two-score of trees were planted, some at considerable distance apart to form a border, others in close or compact groups, and quite a number at various points in close proximity to the house. Since that first planting, many other trees have been added, and yet, by a more or less systematic pruning, all have been kept well within the allotted space. It was a revelation to me to learn that with slight but watchful care trees like the elm, sycamore, box elder, pin oak, basswood, silver maple, buckeye, hack- berry, etc., could be so easily dwarfed and at the same time retain their individuality in so marked a degree. The result of the close group or compact planting was even more striking in mass and foliage effect. I have rarely if ever seen a more effective small group of shrubs or trees, or the two combined, than one kept now for many years at a height of from ten to twelve feet, and composed of the closely intermingled branches and foli- age of the ailanthus, mulberry, honey-lo- cust, sassafras, coffee tree, sweet gum, white birch and willow. Of course the success of such planting depends mainly on pruning, and how little we know of the kind of pruning that will give the best all around results. It is certainly an interest- ing field for the landscape horticulturist. OUR own individual rug, different from all other rugs, and in a high class wool fabric adapted to THREAD your own decorations. If the rugs in AND | Stock colors do not suit your require- | ments, we will make one that will, i THRUM | either plain, self-tone or contrast. All | RUGS sizes up to twelve feet wide, any length. ; | Seamless, wool weft, reversible, heavy and durable. Sold by best shops, or write for color line and price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE & CO., NEW Yorx«, THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP AUBURN, N. Y. “you CHOOSE THE COLORS, WE’LL MOKE THE RUG,’’ Have you a farm, a garden or even a ; back yard ? Z Be an up-to-date Gardener With the Sunlight Double Glass Sash all the hard work connected with hot-bed gar- dening is eliminated because covering with mats and boards is unnecessary. The plants get all the light all the time and are there- fore stronger and earlier. You don’t have to cover Sunlight Sash A 56-inch cushion of dry air oetween the two layers of glass takes the place of the old-fash- ioned mats or boards, protects the plants even in zero weather. Thedrudgery of covering and uncovering is unknown with Sunlight Sash. Think of having fresh lettuce and radishes from yourown hot-bed, besides tomato, cauliflower and cabbage plants ready to set ont just as soon as the spring opens up, and ready to eat or tosell when such things are a treat. Write today for“FOUR PLAN FOR FIVESASH” | It is full of information that will interest you. Now is the time to try your hand at winter gardening. Prepaid freight offer, safe deliver guaranteed. The Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 943 E. Broadway, Louisvilfe, Kentucky KILLED BY RAT SCIENCE Send for booklet on the wonderful bacteriological prepara- tion which exterminates rats and mice and yet is harmless _ to other animals, birds and human beings. DANYSZ VIRUS INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, Dept. Z, 25 OLD SLIP, MEW YORK CITY Ceilings § JUST PUBLISHED A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - -New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. Fireproofing Departments: ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company Koll’s Patent Lock-Joint Columns = The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by Hartmann - Sanders Company Elston and Webster Avenues CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also " Sweet's Index.") Perce nate adie asin cae maannecaemaases ae seaman ee ae Te Ee f= CONCRETE HOUSES AND COTTAGES hoe CONCRETE HOUSES AND COTTAGES CEMENT LIBRARY Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm - Free Concrete Houses and Cottages. Vol. I. Large Houses - - $1.00 Vol. I]. Small Houses - -_ 1.00 Concrete in Highway Construction - - - - - - - - - 1.00 Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction (delivery charge) .10 Concrete in Railroad Construction - - - - - - - - - 1.00 Concrete Cottages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Free Concrete Country Residences (out of print) - - - - - - $2.00 Concrete Garages - - - - -+- - - Free A Home of Your Own If you have or ever expect to have a home of your own, a suburban house, a country place, a cottage or a bungalow, you should write today for those volumes of the Atlas Concrete Library which will especially help you. These are practical books about home-building. They give pictures of successful houses built of solid concrete, reinforced concrete, concrete blocks with stucco, frame houses with stucco, and in fact every kind of house in every style of architecture that can be successfully made with a combination of sand, gravel and Atlas Portland Cement. “Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm”’ not only suggests the large number of uses to which Atlas Portland Cement can be put, but it gives working diagrams and dimensions, so that you yourself can make a great many of the simpler of these things. The reasons why you should send for and read these books are that concrete is the building material of the present and the future, that it is cheaper in the long run than any other construction, that you can do a great deal of it yourself, reducing cost of labor; that it makes the home grounds more beautiful, as well as supplying all the necessary utilities, and that it is fireproof, sanitary and clean. WRITE TODAY FOR THE BOOKS IN WHICH YOU ARE MOST INTERESTED tHE ATLAS porttano CEMENT company, DEPT. 10. 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK Largest output of any Cement Company in the World—Over 60,000 Barrels per day JA 00 Vol. VII 1% Vr, & oe ) a | y- $3.00 A YEAR maemo AI. YY, «61910 MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers BEVERLY TOWLES. PRICE, 25 CENT S ‘ATLAS In Highway. : Construction +i had ub. ; rr ae = THE ATLA pen Soy oon Pt CEMENT LIBRARY | Build with the help of these Books O man should build anything, from a dog house to a complete country place, without first sending for those volumes of the Atlas Cement Library bearing on what he is going to build, and second, giving full consideration to the economical and practical side of building with concrete made from Atlas Portland Cement. One of the most inspiring volumes in the Atlas Cement Library is the book on ‘‘Con- crete Houses and Cottages,’’ which shows photographs and floor-plans of a great variety of houses which have been built with con- crete construction. These books not only show the beauty and the adaptability of concrete construction, but they also demonstrate the qualities of ATL A S PORTLAND in making concrete—qualities that insure success In concrete construction. The first step in building is choice of material, and no man can choose material in- telligently who has not given full considera- tion toconcrete. No man can give full consideration to concrete who has not read the Atlas Cement Library. THE BOOKS IN THIS LIBRARY : Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm.... Free Concrete Houses and Cottages. Vol. I.—Large Houses.... $1.00 Vol. 11.—Small Houses.... 1.00 Concrete in Highway Construction .....................-. 1.00 Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction (delivery charge) .10 Concrete in Railroad Construction...................-..+: 1.00 Concrete Cottages os :i jcc: e ej ce ste e100 ie, opeicetetfehenel(ey eatene leteieeeieane Free Concrete Country Residences (out of print)................ 2.00 Concrete Garages... 0. cc eset eee e tee eee ee te eeeeere Free Write for any or all of these books to tHEATLASrorttann CEMENTCo. Dept. 10, 30 BROAD ST, NEW YORK Largest output of any cement company in the world, Over 50,000 barrels per day. ITHS na SA DACA CAAA AA AA RARA DACAAR AA RARARARARAOACACN | % > LIBRARIES _— > DRAPERIES FURNITURE DECORATIONS FURNITURE From Maker to User \X/ hether your home is a cottage or a mansion kindly consider our corps of Furniture specialists at your service. Our collection of odd pieces for every room is wonderfully complete— a gathering absolutely new, beautiful and distinctive. @ Designs, Estimates, Etc., cheerfully furnished upon request—without charge. F.MORHR 8 co. Over Rogers, Peet & Co. 34th ST., COR. BROADWAY, Second Floor Get ready to grow plants for Spring It’s time to learn all about: parent blanket. and Cold-frames caved. WRITE TODAY TO a a ee h Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. Se Lae ee a ee 943 EAST BROADWAY west—get our catalog. LOUISVILLE KENTUCKY Gives ANY Weight Water Ballast With One Roller if itis a Wilder. Isn’t it ridiculous to pay for two or three hundred pounds of _ useless metal in a lawn roller, AND to pay freight on it as well, when this / \, simple, easy running Water Witch does better work and costs one-third less > \ Isn’t it a pity to have a roller too heavy for a soft lawn—too light for a hard ,. lawn, when this new invention fits every condition ? Wilder’s Water Witch Roller _ is quickly filled with water or sand, as much or as little as you like. The one _ shown here weighs only 115 pounds empty, but weighs up to 470 pounds with water ballast and up to 737 pounds with sand ballast. The other size weighs 132 pounds empty, and from that, any weight you wish, up to nearly half a ton. Either size gives you a dozen rollers in one. After the season Po cee "4 iy a 74 kind you ever used, and will wear as long as any all-metal roller. Don’t spoil your lawn, but get a Water Witch and save half the usual cost when you buy thistime. This Book Sent Free We will mail you, pestraes oy ee 7 and interesting book S the Lawn,” together with folder about the Water Witch. Wate te today wedi will save money and save your lawn. The Wilder Strong Implement Go., Box 9, Munroe, Michigan The double-glass with air space is a trans- Covering and uncovering Plants get all the light all the time It gives valuable in- formation. Then get some sash. They yield big returns every season for a life time. the Water Witch can be hung up or stored in the loft. Simplest, handiest tool of the # brought out, while the price is so low as to place them w i the reach or all who have an interest in the building of home ‘The designs are compiled witha view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given povering, nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexpnsive omes. HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers a investors by far the most complete collection of plans « No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with the details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accom- panied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from$1,000 to $3 000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale. together with brief descrip- tions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000; em- bracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications.. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID (Sold Separately) MUNN & COM Scientiric“AMERican Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York Your Local Dealer Can Now Supply You An ANDREWS HOT-WATER 4083 OF THEM IN USE [DEC. 1, 1909] IN 44 STATES, CANADA, ALASKA Our plants are now so widely distributed in the hands of satisfied users, and so well established that many wide-awake local heating men are selling them. If you have any trouble buying locally, we will contract for installation complete. FOR 10 YEARS we have been carrying on anin- troductory campaign, building up a patronage as we increased our factory equipment, which is now un equalled in America for the manufacture of ANDREWS STEEL BOILERS and other Andrews specialties At first we sold entirely by ; mail and through agents, meet- Boiler and ing the competition of the cast- 2 adiators iron boilers, which then mon- nly opolized thelocal heatingmen’s support; we still seil direct / where we have no local dealer. Do not hesitate to /™ write. THE ANDREWS L = all -steel LOCOMOTIVE ; ee & f Cz h Y WL east, south, BOILER needs only to | Ls be examined to haveits | ® it feet super-etliciency and Sa, — prompt responsiveness understood ; y Catalog tells completeiy. If you will send us your PLANS or arough sketch of your house, we will make you an Estimate Free and also send you our ~ 72-Page Book 00 Heating, Sanitation and Water Supply Send us two names of others interested ANDREWS %; HEATING “(=~ co. 1102 Heating Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn. wou» STEEL B Hy aE a | costs morE|(> il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 7 Stes a For The Craftsman Style of architecture and interior finish, the designs and construction of Morgan Doors are in i) perfect keeping. They are finished in the white and may be stained any desired color. | Cross section q showing con- | struction of | 1% inch door. “Morgan” is branded on each door. The name ‘| | i Ch Ce VEL SE ee are perfect doors. Built of several layers with the grain running crosswise, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. | Veneered in all varieties of hardwood—birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. \) Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan i Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan”’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Waterproof glue used. | In our new book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful,’? Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in i i all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best { | and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. M# copy will be sent on request. \ i Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. Morgan Company, Dept.A., Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland, Elkhart Buggies™ are the best made, best grade and easiest riding buggies on earth for the money. FOR THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS we have been selling direct and are The Largest Manufacturers in the World selling to the consumer exclusively. We ship for examination and approval, guar- anteeing safe delivery, and also to save you money. If you are not satisfied as to style, quality and price you are nothing out. May We Send You Our Large Catalogue? Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. Elkhart, - - © = Indiana LOW-COST SUBURBAN HOMES A Practical Guide for Prospective Home-Builders This book contains 90 illustrations of plans and photographs of houses which have been successfully built at a cost ranging from $1,000 to $10,000, with de- scriptive articles and an estimate of the cost of most houses described. Only the newest and best have been selected. General views of exteriors, diagrams ofinteriors, interior decorations and furnishings, and full construction plans make up the illustrations. Only Most Eminent Architects Are Contributors Art Paper Cover, If You’re Planning to Build—If You Need Ideas on How to Improve Your Home Price, 25 cents postpaid SEND FOR THIS BOOK. The Cost Is Nominal. “ McBRIDE, WINSTON & C0O., 449 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F you want effective, economical landscape service based upon thirty years’ experience on fine estates of all size, public parks, etc.— write today for our practical planting plan Tell us your problem—and without any re- taining fee we submit suggested plan, detail plant- ing list and exact cost of stock required. If you want to PLANT FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT be sure to get our booklet, ‘‘Beautifying Home Sur- roundings.’’ Shows examples like California Privet Hedge illustrated below—from photograph taken the day it was planted. Sent free—with our 90-page Tree, Evergreen and Hardy Plant catalog. J. T. LOVETT, BOX 128 LITTLE SILVER, N. J. Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic nl — il Economy Gas Machine b Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘“‘ The Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. “MEDICINE a HESS sae’ LOCKER HE only modern Sanitary Steel N Medicine Cabinet or Locker. Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow : Costs less than wood and is better. Should be - in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin i proof and easily cleaned with warm water. Made in four styles and three sizes. Price $7.00 and up. ; Send for illustrated circular. HESS, 926 L Tacoma Bld., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE of pure bred poultry, for 1910, 200 pages, handsomely illustrated, 150 engravings, photos, 30 fine colored plates, describes 65 leading varieties of land and water-fowls, gives low prices of stock, eggs, incuba- tors, poultry supplies,etc. Calendar for each month. How to care for poultry and all details. Only 10 cents. Send today. B. H. GREIDER, Box 11, RHEEMS, PA. Suburban and Country Residence Planning, Designing and Landscaping to meet every requirement of location and surroundings. CHARLES B. WILSON, Architect 309 American National Bank Bldg., Richmond, Va. Commissions Executed Anywhere February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ill The greatest home charm ||| DEFIANCE” Wood-working Machinery FOR MAKING AUTOMOBILE WHEELS AND BODIES, WAGON AND CARRIAGE WHEELS, HUBS, SPOKES, WAGONS, RIMS, CARRIAGES, SHAFTS, POLES, NECK-YOKES, SINGLETREES, HOOPS, HANDLES, SPOOLS, BOBBINS, INSULATOR PINS, OVAL WOOD DISHES AND FOR GENERAL WOOD WORK. Make your home-coming as late as you please from party, ball, or theatre and you will find your boudoir or bed-chamber delightfully warm and “comfy” to talk things over with your guest if the home is Steam or Hot-Water heated and ventilated by MERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS Common hospitality demands a warm home. Heart confidences—“the pearls of friendship”— are born only where there is warmth and coziness. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN a speet Radiators help so greatly to give a home its greatest charm—perfect freedom day and night to enjoy every nook and corner of it, no matter how blizzardy the weather. IDEAL Boilers circulate their soft warmth for hours after the fire in the boiler has been banked for the night, and the house is kept cozy for the rising time and breakfast hour on the single charge of coal put in the evening before. Invented and Built By THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS DEFIANCE, OHIO SONNY ¥ ADVANTAGE 10: Burning coal liberates certain gases which burn readily and make intense heat if permitted to “take fire.” —The chambers (and the flues opening out of these spaces) are so arranged in IDEAL Boilers that they bring in the exact amount of air required for completely burning these gases as fast as freed from the coal. There can be no “undi- gested” coal—every ounce of fuel is made to yield its utmost heat—none of its heat-making =< ‘power is wasted up the chimney. A No. 1-22-W IDEAL Boiler and 422 ft. of 32in. AMERICAN Radia- Don’t delay investigating this well-paying permanent tors, costing the owner $195, were = - é : : eS EPRRTOE Wales Heat thiscstage: co cea with its marked fuel, labor, and repair savings, eee ida can be bought esides the greater comfort, health protection, cleanli- of any reputable, competent Fitter. ness, safety,and durability. Prices are now most favorable This did not include cost of labor, 7 5 xh F 4 pipe, valves, freight, etc., which in- The booklet “Ideal Heating Investments” is the biggest stallation is extra and varies accord- thing in money-saving facts that any property-owner can read. ing to climatic and other conditions. Free. Send for it NOW. Public Showrooms AMERICAN R AD JATOR COMP AN Write Dept. 6 all large cities Chicago Os Os obs abs os os Os Os os os ole ale ols ols os ake ole ake ae igs os fs as cs You Who Write for Our Free Book on Home Refrigeration Pay This book tells how to 8 e select the home Refrig= i h e B 1 ] ] S erator, how to know the poor from the good, how to keep down ice bills, 4 i how to keep a Refriger= will find ator sanitary and sweet Economy ina —lots of eininzis you “Perfect” Heater should know before buy- ing ANY Refrigerator. Th , He also core cu about the i “Monroe,’’ the Refrigerator a S diicrenec in coal with inner walls made in bills will pay for a} one piece each: mnbreae: ih MN able, White Porcelain Ware e oe Pee gad ee poe Wi and Bony, : ee ey nable you to give abDso- | glazed, with every corner Always sold lute comfort to your| ome te “the “Mon. @ DIRECT and at family. roe ig as easy to keep clean Factory Prices. Cash — ) as a china bowl. or monthly payments. Richardson & Bagnton Ca.'s. 7 “Perfect” wittcti2 Heaters s i i i Refrigerators have cracks and corners which cannot es Bae Hatters a0 eae) IIS ONG Fee er Hee cvarticles of food collect and breed countless heated, fresh air and keep amore uniformtemperature | germs. These germs get into your food and make it poison, and i : ief i traceable cause. : day and night aE less cost than yy other heaters. He Ny oOo ean be sterilized and made germlessly clean in an There are more buildings, both public and private, | instant by simply wiping out with a cloth wrung from hot water heated by Richardson & Boynton Co.’s systems than It’s like Af hE ILD for the “Monroe” 1s really ‘ . orcelain dish 1ns} z any other make in this country. pothe high death rate among children in. the Euromer mone If you would know why Richardson & Boynton Co.’s could be greatly mednced yy cre ont’ Refrigerator was us Heaters give three times more heat at less fuel every home where there are 8. : expense than aay, other, write for our latest, phe The ‘“Monroe”’ installed in the best fats aoe tp large majority ‘Truth About Heating 7’ We send it free on request. Pied oy pe BEST Wanieshin the United States. The largest and i S itals it exclusively. The health of the whole family ichardson & 0 nton 0 ee by the use of a Monroe Refrigerator. S “When you have carefully read the book and know allabout Home ESTABLISHED 18637 Refrigeration, you will know WHY and will reales how important Manufacturers of Heating Apparatus it is to select carefully. Please write for book today. NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON] Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P, Cincinnati, 0. ND ‘Boxes ee = ee By Grocers Everywheret AMERICAN HOMES “AND YOGARVERS JUST PUBLISHED Three New Instructive Books SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture BY RALPH C. DAVISON 12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental T= work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad shapes. character of the work. They are entitled : L, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; Il[., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms ; Objects Having Curved Outlines ; and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; vie Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Benches ; XII., Concrete Fences ; cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. The first two chapters explain a most unique and original method of working pottery whick has been developed by the The chapter on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has step in the various operations These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The with Same; VIIL., NOTCH TO PREVENT END PLAY author, class of work. throughout in detail. explained each progressive Price, $1 50 Postpaid A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject IV., Plaster Molds for V., ’ Combination of Casting Glue Molds; VII., Concrete XIII,’ Miscellaneous, In- amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper and abounds in handsome illustrations acute ncaa which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. Handy Man’s Workshop | The Scientific American and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- BH fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. # Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘“‘kinks’”’ as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at dving things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up a Workshop; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIIL., The Handy Sportsman; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the Holidays HIS book is a sequel to “‘The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand aL copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy”’ so popular and interesting to the boy. It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter II., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; Chapter IV., ” The Lake "House ; Chapter Wes A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern ‘Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VIL, A “Pedal Paddle-Boat’’; Chapter VIII, Surveying ; Chapter xe Sounding the Lake ; Chapter Se Signaling Systems ; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge ; Chapter XII., The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera ; Chapter XV., The ‘Gliding Machine ; ” Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVIL, The Haunted House ; Chapter XVII, Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., "The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography ; Chapter XXL, Water-Kites and Current Sailing ; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII., The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV.. The Sailboat ; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and ‘Chapter XXVII., Geyser Fountain. MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York February, 1910 February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv i HIS chair is large and i roomy and it has a per- | sonality of its own. It is 34 | inches wide across the back, | and 40 inches high. The arms | are 52 inches wide. Height | of back from seat 272 inches. | A strongly made and easy lounging or reading chair. The || kind you want to sit in as soon as you see it. Finished in shellac, or stained any color desired, for which allow us three or four days’ time. || Fitted with seat and back cushions of cretonne. Price, including cushions, $18.00. We will pay the freight to any point this side of the Missis- sippi River. | The Wanamaker Catalog ener | a a>) So. QW a) =. = gate o @ = ra ix) @ 4 a Pri & ve) < c) — =e Fame WW) aa Wy HW mi Na 1 YY Winco | Na wie: Ne if fi tify . — THE “OLD POINT COMFORT” REED ARM CHAIR, No. 3523 is now ready, A postai card request will bring your copy to you. Ask for samples also, if you wish them. This big book is more than a catalog, more than a list |) of goods and prices. It gives the Best Ideas—the last | words cf Fashion—from New York, Philadelphia and Paris. Each -page fairly breathes Style-suggestions of value to you, and all the goods are dependable. Every offering is “on honor.’’ | The contents of this catalog are not confined to wearing apparel for Women and Children, but include also full |) lines cf Men’s goods, Hats, Shoes, Gloves, Underwear, etc. — |//j The catalog also includes Bedding, Beds, Carpets, Furn- i iture, Glassware, China, Japanese Goods, Sporting Goods, Lamps, Sewing Machines, General Housefurnishings, etc. We ship goods all over the world, and each shipment must arrive safely, and must prove satisfactory—or else we want it back, at our expense. Just write us, ‘‘Please send Catalog No. 8.’’ | JOHN WANAMAKER, New York | $4444-444444444444444444+ +++ Sample and Circular as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and FELELELALAFEAFAL EEE E LETT Tt ttt ttt tt ttt tty A House Lined with Mineral Wool tt tttetet ttt ttttttt+ keeps out dampness. VERTICAL SECYION, SEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE EEE EEE EEE Ht ttt ttt CROS2-8ECTION THROUGH FLOOR, : CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY Penns ee Seen oy {] When the light- ing fixture is d-- } signed to follow 7 the lines of s me 4 old Dutch lamp— but to use the more convenient illumi- nant, electricity— besides furnishing light for a Flemish or Dutch room, it becomes an appro- priate and artistic addition to its other decorations.”’ The Enos Company Makers of Lighting Fixtures Office and Factory: SEVENTH AVE. and 16th ST. Salesrooms: 36 WEST 37th ST. NEW YORK BALTIMORE: 519 North Charles Street SAN FRANCISCO : 334 Sutter Street TORONTO ; 94 King Street, West PITTSBURGH The Norton Co., Century Building CHICAGO :W. K. Cowan Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. 2) SPOKANE: Cutter & Plummer, Inc. Pract] \ ame, SEATTLE: Cox & Gleason Co., 1914 2nd Ave. 1 Sr. Louis: N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. BosTON : H. F. Estabrook, Inc., 9 Park St. PORTLAND: J. C. English Co., 128 Park St. Vero’ BIRMINGHAM ©: R. W. Knight & Co. LOS ANGELES . Brooks Decorating Co., 696S. Alvarado St H. B. RUSSELL, Architect, Boston For the outside walls of Plaster, Concrete or Cement Houses DEXTER BROTHERS’ PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING preserves the texture, prevents any dampness from working inside, and produces a uniformity of color. Petrifax Coating is manufactured from a mineral base, ground as fine as modern machinery will allow. This base is carried into the pores of the concrete, plaster or ce- ment by a volatile liquid, which readily evaporates, leav- ing a hard surface which will not crack, chip or peel off. Write for Catalogue and Samples. DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 105 BROAD STREET, BOSTON MANUFACTURERS OF ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS Haphazard Planting is Unsatisfactory Have your work plannec by a Landscape Se Artist. We make planting plans for our “Zeus. customers without charge and can add di- . stinctive beauty to your home grounds. Weare growers of all kinds of Hardy * ox, Trees, Shrubs, Plants and Bulbs and can yi supply you with anything you may want. Catalog and particulars on request. A. F. BOERNER, Nurseryman 29 North Street, - CEDARBUR&G. WIS. GREGORY’S Special Flower Seed Offer 60 cents worth for 10 ccnis 1 package Astor Giant Comet, mixed, Sc. 1 package Tall Zinnia, mixed,. . - . 9¢ 1 packnge Candytuft, mixed, - . + + OCs 1 package Petunia, fine, mixed, . . . Oc. 1 ;nucknge Mignonette. sweet, . - - + 9c: 1 package Poppy, double mixed, . . . 9c 1 package Coreopsis, mixed, . + « - be. 1 package Phlox Drummond, mixed, . 1 Pansy. mixed S Had 1 zsuge Bachelor Buttons, . The above ten packages S 1 together with our hands« q catalogue for 1910. With the above = certific ro with $1 yo Ab dk Marblehead, Mass. tion we will encl s. Ifr vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 Our line comprises the finest and most complete designs of high-class clocks on the market. Our move- ments are superior in nearly every detail and the purchaser is assured that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” Advance Exhibit of Spring and Summer Styles To those who take personal pride and pleasure in the furnishing of their summer homes, cur Advanced Showing of Spring and Summer Styles offers exceptional opportunity for choice selections at attractive prices. We will soon have ready for delivery, our new Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. Michaels. Our “Willard” or Banjo Clock is a model of perfec- tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class article in every respect. Enamel suites in soft colors, also enamel and gold, repro- ducing French Period designs, inimitable in distinctive beauty and elegance of workmanship. Inspection of our New Decorative Fabrics is equally interesting and makes possible artistic results even at a most modest expenditure. Visitors incur no obligation to purchase and comparison of prices with the best values obtainable elsewhere is particu- larly invited. Geo. C. Funt Co. a3-47WeEsT 23°9T. 24-28West 24"St. If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for illustrated catalogue. Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’? Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 A sumptuous book, dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. ‘The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. Hunn & Company Publishers of ‘*Scientific American’” 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK + segeseeesenesays 3 TT Posse Bee a Z Ee “i — ereen Competition for 1910 iMieeiGarecen in Your Town 45)HE publishers of American Homes and Gardens desire to an- ss) nounce a Garden Competition for 1910, and will offer $100 for the four best planned, developed and successful suburban or village garden. The Garden Competition Editor of American Homes and Gardens wants to know if your garden is a success. If so, write and tell him about it. Tell him how you planned and how you planted your garden, and what success you had with it; tell him of the plants with which you had the best results and the ones which were fail- ures; how you arranged for a succession of bloom; how you made use of the natural limitations of the plot and what mistakes you made. We want you to help us so that we may help others to beautify their surroundings, for this is the object of this competition. You need not be a skilled writer to tell the story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. $100.00 for Prizes For the best garden received we will pay : For the first - $50.00 Romine tama: = ol5.00 For the second $25.00 _ For the fourth $10.00 Conditions Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 1 A general description of the garden, consisting of not more than fifteen hundred words, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants used in planting, must be submitted. Give any details which you think will be of interest. Drawings of the plot are to be made in black and white, drawn to the scale of eight feet to an inch, showing the position of the various plants and shrubs. Name each variety of plant on the plan bya number, giving a separate list with a corresponding number by which each plant may be identified. & Photographs of the garden must be submitted. It will be of interest to send as many photographs of the garden, taken from as many points of view and at different times in the summer, as illustrate the changes in the garden’s appearance to the dominance of certain flowers. The photographs must be printed on printing-out paper and are to be not less than five by seven inches in size. A photograph of the site of the garden before it was developed would add interest to the series. Descriptions, drawings and photographs are to be marked with a pseudonym which is to be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. All descriptions, plans and photographs are to be sent free of any name or address on them except the pseudonym. Express or postage charges must be fully prepaid. Just as soon as the judges have rendered a decision upon the four best gardens submitted for this competi- tion, they will notify the Editor who will open the envelopes bearing the pseudonym and containing the competitor’s true name, and will at once notify the successful competitors that they have won the prizes. The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and Gardens all prize gardens and those gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photographs. Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American Homes and Gardens, Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York. The garden competition closes September 15, 1910. Contestants need not to be subscribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind is required. No photographs, manuscript or plans will be returned. bo CON OD O11 Viil Grex Grass Furniture is nature’s own product, combined economically and substantially with artistic, high-class work- manship. CREEN or BROWN Made in over 400 original designs. Carried by all best furniture shops. Ask to see ‘‘Crex-East”’ cushions. Send for Illustrated Booklet No. PRAIRIE GRASS FURNITURE COMPANY SOLE MANUFACTURERS Glendale, Long Island Design No. 405—Book No. 3 ARE YOU A PROSPECTIVE SPRING BUILDER ? You Need Our Books THEY'RE FILLED WITH PRACTICAL IDEAS AND MONEY-SAVING PLANS No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000... $ .50 No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000,..... 1.00 INoNSa2arConcretemResidencess 2h cuelecescesses 1.00 Books Sent Prepaid on Receipt of Price Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects SCHENECTADY, N. Y. WE ENTER LARGE COMPETITIONS FOR ANY TYPE BUILDING fe a } , “THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also_ makes _ brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. Crex Furniture is quite new but has become decidedly popular for furnishing Crex Rooms’’ or carrying out a har- monious arrangement of odd pieces. It adds tone and charm to the surroundings on account of its distinctiveness. New ay) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS soda crackers when and where you will, there is only one way by which you can absolutely depend on their freshness and goodness,and that is to say ¢ NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY (Never sold in bulk) EPICURES AND PHYSICIANS alike draw a distinct line between the ordinary market variety and ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT Epicures, because they have learned that ATWOOD Grape Fruit is invariably thin- skinned, solid and juice-laden, with a flavor and appetizing influence never to be had in the ordinary. Physicians, because they have found that only ATWOOD Grape Fruit can be depended upon to impart to an effective degree the grape fruit properties so beneficial to persons of acid natures, especially sufferers from rheumatism and gout. ATWOOD Grape Fruit morning and evening to correct the most obdurate acid system. Only in one place in the world has grape fruit culture been developed to its highest state and that is in the ATWOOD Grove, at Manavista, Florida, where 250 acres are devoted to its scientific cultivation, at an initial expenditure of over a quarter million dollars. According to the Bureau of Chemistry of the Department of Agriculture, citric acid, as found in grape fruit, “combines with certain bases and the resulting combinations in turn are transformed into jiwood GRAPE FRUIT COMPANY. carbonates, thus rendering an unduly acid urine alkaline.’’ NO OTHER FRUIT IS THE EQUAL OF GRAPE FRUI1 NO OTHER GRAPE FRUIT IS THE EQUAL OF THE ATWOOD All genuine ATWOOD grape fruit is wrapped inthe ATWOOD trade mark wrapper. Standard b3x of 54 or 64 or 80, according to size, six dollars. We co not fill retail orders. THE ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT COMPANY Kimball C. A‘wood, Pres. Buy it by th2 Box—it keeps for weeks and grows better. 290 BROADWAY, NEW YORK February, 1910 February, 1910 A Notable Home The unigue and interesting house built for Arthur Steinbach, at Asbury Park, New Jersey, is the opening subject of the March issue. It is constructed of con- crete, and is one of the most delightful on the Jersey shore. Barr Ferree has prepared an excellent article on this fine house, which is profusely illustrated with many handsome engravings. Heating the Orchard This is a very timely article for the early spring. The subject of heating the orchard and the means of pro- viding stoves for such a purpose as occasion may re- quire to protect fruit trees from an early frost, is ade- quately prepared by W. Frank McClure. Trimming Trees Another timely paper is the one on trimming street and lawn trees, contributed by E. P. Powell, who is too well known to need any further comment as to his ability in giving accurate information on this subject. Furnishing the Flat The third paper on Furnishing the Flat, by the well known writer Lillian Hamilton French, will be devoted to the dining room. No one is better able to tell one what to do and what not to do in the furnishing of the various rooms of a flat than Miss French, for the reason that she has given much thought to the subject, and has had wide experience in this kind of work. The first paper on Furnishing the Flat was devoted to the hall, and appeared in the January number of AMERI- CAN Homes AND GARDENS. The second paper on the drawing room is published in the current issue. Water Gardens What could be more beautiful or delightful to the eye, at this season of the year, than a study of the hand- some illustrations of the water gardens of California? Kate Greenleaf Locke, the author of this article, who has spent most of her life among the gardens of Cali- fornia, knows something of the beauty of these delight- ful enclosures, and has prepared a very interesting paper on the subject. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix A ¥ American Homes and Gardens for March A Concrete House A concrete house is well described by Robert Prescott. It is the home of an architect and is constructed of reinforced concrete, and shingles for the exterior of the building, and from plans prepared by the owner. The article is illustrated by exterior and interior views. Forcing Bed and Storage Pit Richard Maxwell Winans has furnished an article on the combined forcing bed and storage pit. He not only tells how a forcing bed can be constructed, but he also shows it by illustration. This is a very sea- sonable subject, and will be helpful to those interested in the forcing of vegetables under glass. “Kenmore” The historic mansions of the Rappahannock River, are always interesting to the lovers of the Washing- tonian period. “Kenmore” is particularly interest- ing for the reason that it was built by Col. Fielding Lewis, who took his bride, Betty Washington, a sister of George Washington, to this house at the time of his marriage. Edith Dabney Tunis has written an excellent paper on this old house, which is profusely illustrated, and showing many of the old family por- traits and antigue furniture, which are still maintained in this splendid mansion. The Prize Gardens The gardens which were awarded the fourth and fifth prizes in the Garden Competition, recently conducted by AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS are one of the features of the number. The fourth garden prize was won by Mrs. Anna H. Condict, of Essex Fells, New Jersey, while the fifth was won by Edward H. Payson, of Lexington, Mass. These two gardens were planned and built by the owners, who have pre- pared interesting papers on the subject, which will be helpful to those contemplating the beautifying of their home grounds. A Summer Home Francis Durando Nichols in an illustrated article, tells of the beauties of an abode at Kennebuckport, Maine. It is an interesting house, well worth knowing some- thing about, for it was built for a summer home, and the details will be of value to those who are going to build or who have one in the course of construction. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS: February, 1910 Farrs New Catalogue Describing a wonderful col- lection of IRISES, PEONIES, and PHLOXES—everywhere acknowledged to be the most complete in this country—a quarter of a million Irises and Peonies, in upward of a thousand varieties, besides Delphiniums, Phloxes, Pop- pies, and all the essentials § of the Hardy Garden. A RETROSPECT A boy’s garden on a prairie farm out in Iowa which developed a pas- sionate love of ‘growing things.” Then the great city and its cares, with “a nameless longing,”’ till one day my doctor said: ‘‘Go back to the country and dig.” A final surrender and an utter abandonment to an absorbing pas- sion—a man’s garden that long since overflowed, out into the open fields, a glorious riot of color, an intoxication of delight. Peonies, Irises, Phloxes—I must have them all, and for ten years I have gathered them from all over the world. (To be continued next month) Tho new cetalogue is free to all who love hardy plants. Send tor It today if you have a garden, and are interested BERTRAND H. FARR Wyomissing Nurseries 809E Penn Street Reading, Pa. Hartford Fire Insurance Company With the coming of 1910, THE HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY has rounded out a century of business history. That means something in the hazardous business of fire insurance, for four out of every five companies organized in this country have either failed or retired. It means unshaken stability. The smoke of every great American conflagration has darkened the sky over the Hartford’s head. In San Francisco alone it paid ten millions. But emerging triumphant from the ordeals of 100 years, it enters its second century stronger than ever. Unshaken stability for a century is no mean heritage, but age is venerable only when adorned with honor. Honor implies more than honesty. It is the quality which impels an institution to meet every obligation, not only with promptness and exactness, but with fairness and a spirit of equity. That is the Hartford’s record in the past, its aim to-day and its ideal for the future. Its policies afford unsurpassed indemnity, and by co- operating with its patrons to lessen fire dangers, it offers continuous service. Its business, scattered among more than 15,000 communities throughout this great land, is the largest of any fire insurance company in America. Its agents are everywhere. ae Bete aes Se Bah Bungalows and Homes Send 25 Cents for our new book “Twenty-Five Homes” showing photographs, floor plans and cost asconstructed. Complete working blue-prints and _ specifi- cations furnished at lowest cost. REE a eh ec eh ees Suburban Architectural Association Equitable Building, Wilmington, Del. Please mention ‘American Homes and Gardens”’ Insure in the Hartford For Garden Comfort and Garden Beauty, use our Olds English and other-——— Garden Seats Send for Catalogue of Many Designs North Shore Ferneries Co. BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL’S Indoor and Outdoor Recording Thermometers USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL Recording Thermometers for Room tempera- tures and Recording Thermometers of Long Distance type make continuous records in- doors of atmospheric temperatures outdoors, Sensitive bulb being connected to Recording Instrument by Flexible Capillary Tubing. Write for illustrations. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. The Scientific American Boy By A.RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE paapens a large number of diversions which, aside from af- fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the vart- ous articles, such as scows. canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. } @It contains information of vital importance to the owner of every country home; tells about the danger from fire; it explains why insur- 2 ff ance is not protection, and shows you that it cannot replace heirlooms, v4 ?_ relics, and things made dear by association. 235 / @ It tells the various methods for protecting your beautiful home from /#{ fire, and it tells how for a small sum ranging from $1,50 to $12.00 f/ (depending upon the size, and the number of buildings) you now can secure absolute and perpetual fire protection. @ This book is written by Mr. Ralph M. Stuaffen, C.E., who has de- voted many years to this subject. It is yours for the asking. Goodson Electric & Mfg. Co., 80 Point St., Providence,R.I. an Homes * “The CompleteHotel” y | Bungalows and Americ Hotel Ps Statler BUFFALO 300 Rooms-300 Baths § “Modern in Construction. Le , Sa : ; Artistic in| Appointment. Design No. 2, Built in California and lowa—Cost $2,800 ae ss : Complete aay Eames Our handsome 112-page, 8x11 book of Bungalows, Mission, Colonial, : 3 3 2 English Timbered and Concrete Houses for 1910 shows interiors, ex- Circulating Ice Water teriors, and floor plans and actual cost to build, ranging from $1,000 j to All Rooms to $10,000. These designs are photos of structures we have built throughout the country—not theoretical pen pictures. Special speci- fications and details of construction made to suit any climate. Price of book, $1.00, prepaid. Sample leaves free. Brown Bros., Architects, 918 Security Bank Bldg., Cedar Rapids, la. European Plan Exclusively AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CO Vis FOR FEBRUARY, 1910 “Hitt SreAp’—The Evergreen-Bordered Walk from the House into the Garden MontTHLiy CoMMENT—Public Improvements in the Country NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—“Hill Stead,” the Estate of Alfred Atmore Pope, Esq., Farm- ington, Conn. By Barr Ferree Tue Revival or RAG Rucs By Eliza Oliver Tue RESIDENCE OF FREDERICK PHILLIPS CRAIG, F'sq., Short Hills, New Jersey. By Robert Prescott AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS GARDEN CoMPETITION. Third Garden Prize of Twenty- five Dollars Won by Anthony P. Finder, Troy, New York THE SUMMER HoMeE oF H. A. Goopwin, Esa., at Marblehead, Mass...By Lillian Harrod Op Time Clocks AND THEIR MAKERS By Mary H. Northend SomME WESTERN Homes—Costing from Three to Five Thousand Dollars. By Francis Durando Nichols THe Wortp’s LARGEst SWANNERY By Harold J. Shepstone AN AMERICAN FORESTRY SCHOOL By Day Allen Willey THE RESIDENCE OF RosBert Hott, Esa., at Summit, New Jersey By Paul Thurston FURNISHING THE FLAT—II. The Drawing-Room By Lillian Hamilton French HINTs FOR THE HOUSEHOLD By George E. Walsh Garden Competition Announcement for 1910. American Homes and Gardens for March. Correspondence Garden Notes Destruction of Wood Borers Grinding Cement A Timber Famine Predicted in Twenty Years Brick Roads for the Automobile New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a _ year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH; Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. bie Oe “Hill Stead:’’ The evergreen-bordered walk from the house into the garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VII February, | 9 | @) Number 2 “Hill Stead:’’ The summer house and garden 44 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 Monthly Comment Public Improvements in the Country It may be a bit staggering to those who have learned to contemplate nature in her most natural moods, and to love her, to be brought to realize that the country, like the town, is in need of betterment; yet nothing is more true than this, and the great wave of demand for improvements and betterments that is sweep- ing over the land has its zealous army of supporters in the rural regions. To such an extent is this true that in some districts there is scarce a foot of countryside that does not expose an “improved” surface to the, as yet, unimproved sky. To THE rural mind, and perhaps to some others, the question of public improvements offers no difficulties. You simply improve, and all sorts of beneficial results happen. There is the beneficent and fundamental effect of the im- provements themselves; there is the great proportionate in- crease in the valuation of your own property, an increase you first note in the swollen size of your own tax bills—but a mere detail; there is the additional attractiveness of the region for new settlers—who likewise help to increase valua- tions and hoist up taxes; there are advantages you offer to people who do not live in your community, pay no taxes, assume no part of your burdens—the people who go joy- ously skimming over your roads, raising perpetual dust and endangering the lives of your family and your stock. For public improvements in the country begin, as a rule, with the roads and end at precisely that point. The coun- try is as yet too unsettled for matters of general sanitation to be considered, and that perhaps is unnecessary; the road remains the prime theme for rural improvement. And the roads are the salvation of the country. They both take people into it and they permit them to come away from it —hboth blessings of very different kinds. A good road is a valuable asset to any community, and a beautiful road is a pearl beyond price, a prize of the first rank, a possession that sums up and embodies both profit and beauty. It is without doubt the most advantageous of all things rural made by man. UNLIKE plants and trees and shrubs, roads do not merely “orow’; they require to be made; they need to be scienti- fically made; they demand care and knowledge and atten- tion and imagination in their construction. If they are new roads they must be laid out with some regard to the rights of the property owners whose land is taken or by whose territory they pass. If they are old roads made over, the matter is one of positive delicacy, since the habits and customs of a hundred years—or less—are wedded to def- nite landmarks and all sorts of animosities may be aroused by well-intended advances. THE making of a road is begun with the engineer, and in many quarters is supposed to be completed with his en- gagement. A good road needs more than the services of a good engineer; it needs the imagination of the artist. All roads have a scenic and artistic value which is actually of more importance than their adherence to a straight line. They have, moreover, an aspect to-day that they will not have to-morrow or twenty years from now. ‘They have a relationship to the landscape that is really more important than serving as a gage for tax valuations. All these mat- ters enter into the construction and determination of a road in a manner quite as important as the structure of the road- bed and the question of repairs. Yet every one of these most important things is often overlooked in the construc- tion of a road. The simple truth is, the road must be designed with the care and the imagination that any work of art is designed with. Its design is infinitely more im- portant than its construction, because the latter can always be bettered; whereas if the former is neglected or faulty, a fundamental error has been committed for which there is no remedy. RuRAL public improvements, like everything else of im- portance, require to be carried out in a competent way by competent people. The man with an axe can clear a path through a forest, but he is clearly not the one to carry out the construction of a modern road. The proof of com- petency is the attainment of competent results. Local im- provements everywhere throughout the United States are in the hands of local bodies, the constituent members of which have been lifted into office without any regard to their competency for carrying out rational schemes of public betterments. Having always managed their communities in everything else, why not in the making of roads? Yet there is no phase of country life that so urgently calls for the services of the specialist. It is no exaggeration to say that he is not only needed, but is needed at once in at least a million places. And needed very greatly. IF PUBLIC improvements in the country sometimes fail by reason of the incompetency of the persons who assume to carry them out, there is another group of betterments coming directly within the purview of the owners own rights, which he himself can perfect and which constitute, in most cases, the most notable contribution of all to rural improvements. ‘These are the individual betterments that one carries out on one’s own property. Most private prop- erty improvements are made with a view to the owner’s own advantage, and they are apt to be of a personal character, that is, not related to the betterments of one’s neighbors and having a distinctly personal and individual character. This, however, is no detriment. There is no finer public improvement, so far as roads are concerned, than a succes- sion of handsome places handsomely treated, developed, planted and arranged on their border lines. Nor, indeed, does a place need to be handsome or gaudy to contribute its quota to the public betterment, for a succession of small places, artistically treated, are as much a contribution to public art as the most grandiose of estates. And the per- sonal note in this private work is often of a greater value than the more uniform undertaking carried out with rod and line. At all events the border line of a property is the precise spot where the individual owner may make his per- sonal contribution to the vexing question of public improve- ments in the country, February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 45 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Hill Stead,” the Estate of Alfred Atmore Pope, Esg., Farmington, Conn. MODERN house at Farmington is so much of an anomaly as to be quite unthinkable, did it not actually exist. The fine, old- time character of this quaint old town is of so penetrating a quality that, it would seem, even the new buildings must be per- meated with it. But strongly developed as this quality is here, it is obviously impossible to retain it to-day unless one builds in the old way, steeps oneself in the old traditions, and conforms, as far as modern necessities permit, with the old ideas. It is, of course, not impossible to do this, but it may be frankly said at the outset that it has seldom been so well done as Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, the architects of Mr. Pope’s fine house, have real- ized here, supplemented with the zealous assistance of Miss Pope, to whom much of the interior treatment is due. And now that the house has been built, the grounds laid out and planted, the whole estate brought to a fine condition of flourishing maturity, it is easy to see the leading factors that, in the creation of this beautiful house and grounds, dominated the ideas of the owner and his architects. It is not necessary to set them down in order of importance, but it is very apparent that here were considered comfort and convenience, ampleness of size, a feeling for the past, a love of fitness, and a regard for quiet in design that was content with agreeableness of result without any appeal to over-elaboration. That the house is of a type generally called ‘‘Colonial” goes without saying; yet, as a matter of fact, its prototypes are rather the farmhouses of the early Nineteenth Century It is precisely the kind of house one would naturally Jook for in Farmington AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 Metbinr yay The summer house in the garden The walk into the garden than the true Colonial period, historically speaking. Mere suitability to the requirements put upon the structure. To epochs of style, however, are comparatively unimportant sum up, therefore, it is sufficient to say that Mr. Pope’s compared with the appropriateness of the design and its house is precisely the kind of a house one would naturally of old-fashioned flowers growing with the brilliant luxuriance of plants that spare nothing in their blooming February, 1910 look for in Farmington, and, admirably suited to the lo- cality in a general way, it is especially suited to the particu- lar place, the precise spot on which it is erected. The house is actually much larger than any single pho- tograph is apt to suggest; for in addition to the dwelling the ample back buildings are connected with shed, carriage house and stable, all of which can be reached under cover, a convenience by no means to be despised in a cold New England winter. ‘This group of buildings is, therefore, an extensive one, and as each part is ample in size in itself, the whole series covers a good deal of ground. Of land, how- ever, there is an abundance, the estate comprising about two hundred and fifty acres. The house stands on an elevated AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 47 a slender railing, meets the steeper slope of the house roof, which is pierced by three dormers, the middle one being the largest, and having a triple light. The roof is shingled, the house walls boarded; the piers of the porch square and panelled, and its cemented floor but two steps above the ground. The motif of the piers—a plain recessed panel in each face—appears again and again in every part—on the house angles, on the bay window, on the lesser piers of the wing porches; nothing could be simpler, yet it is the leading detail-motif in the whole design. As originally built the house was symmetrical in design, with identical wings, one on each side of the centre struc- ture. They were provided with great sloping roofs that The hall is of the old type, and is a rectangular passage through the centre of the house plateau; behind it rise a range of hills; below it, the land slopes gradually down to the town. To all intents and purposes, therefore, we have here a fine old time farm house; not a reproduction, not a duplica- tion of another building, not a grouping together of various parts from various structures; but a quiet harmonious de- sign, worked out in the style of its period, with detailing of the most careful kind, a house that is at once scholarly and refined, modern and old. Entirely consistent in all its parts, it has the fine character of the old house, and all the com- forts and conveniences of a new one. There is a great central building, rising in generous di- mensions behind a porch whose ceiling is above the windows of the second story. Its sloping roof, partly hidden behind came down to the porch eaves in front, but which at the back were stopped above the windows of the second story. This structure still remains, but the porch on the left has been enclosed and now forms a part of the new library added to that side of the house. It has a bay window similar to the older one built beneath the great portico, an arrangement that adds to the symmetry of the main front, although the parts are actually irregular. Everywhere there is ample wall spacing, with large rectangular windows, broad sloping roofs and completely restrained detailing. A very minute detail is the exposure of the nail heads in applying the outer sheathing. ‘The house is painted white, with green blinds. The interior plan presents no points of complexity. The rooms are large and square and offer a direct relationship 48 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 The spacious dining-room is finished and furnished with the old-time character of the house NE i ‘iowa Mi = cme The first of the two great libraries; ood paneled ‘and oranee ith ook shelves February, 1910 with the exterior. While there has been no effort to pro- vide only furnishings that correspond with the period of the house, there is much old furniture in it, and the prop- erties of historical relationship are observed much more closely than is usual in the modern house of old-time char- acter. This is especially noticeable in the wall coverings and the carpets. The latter are, for the most part, in soft tints of brown, and were made to order from old-time de- signs. [he wall-papers are quite as distinctive in their patterns. In the hall is a block pattern of genuinely an- tique design, while the “‘parlor-bedroom,” on the first floor, has a paper printed in England expressly for it, from re- touched wood blocks seventy years old. AN-E:RIGAN HOMES AND GARDENS 49 reaches across the rear of the house, with windows on the north and south ends. Two great beams cross the ceiling, dividing its plain surface into three panel areas, of which the most central is much the largest. A handsome bronze chandelier depends from each beam. ‘The woodwork is grained in the old-fashioned style. The walls above the wainscot are hung with a brown paper containing a very slight figure. There are bronze wall-lights of antique pat- tern, and the furniture is fine and old—chairs, tables, side- board, serving table, china closet, the latter thronged with a rich collection of beautiful pieces. The furniture covering is black figured haircloth, and the window curtains are of soft brown velvet with white sash curtains. ‘The carpet is ie EA. 7) The upper hall contains a rich collection of old furniture The hall conforms to the old type, and is a rectangular passage running through the centre of the house. On one side are the stairs, a simple straight flight that rises to the second floor without turns. ‘The balusters are plain, square uprights without ornaments, surmounted with a polished rail. The woodwork here is pine, treated in “old bone,” a blending of colors and a final glazing of the surface that have yielded results of remarkable beauty of finish, almost approaching the transparency of Japanese lacquer. The wall-paper is in shades of brown on a white ground. Tables, davenports and chairs of the old days furnish the hall, and on the ascending wall of the stairs is a fine collection of en- gravings and prints. The dining-room is at the farther end of the hall, and in shades of red brown. The mantel is wood, and the fre- place has a polished marble border with brass facings and brass andirons and fender. The paintings on the walls are, of course, modern, and are a part of the collection of mas- terpleces accumulated by the owner of this beautiful house. The whole of the front portion of the house is about equally divided between public and personal rooms. The former comprise the suite of drawing-rooms on the right of the hall; the latter an even larger suite of libraries on the left. The drawing-rooms differ in size and shape, and are L-shaped, in plan. The wall-paper is striped in two tones of olive, with a narrow festooned border, above the simple wood base, treated, like all the woodwork of the room, with ‘“‘old bone.” ‘The carpet is green, with touches 50 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A bedroom with antique furniture of red and blue. The window curtains, which are de- signed with a valence, are rose silk damask with white sash curtains. Both series are held back by cords fastened to buttons or ornaments in pearl and clear glass; those of the sash curtains are smaller than those of the damask cur- tains. The bay window of the main drawing-room has built-in seats with cushions of olive velvet. The mantel is wood, with facings of mottled black marble and iron frame with brass trim and brass andirons and fender. ‘The fur- niture is, for the most part, of old type, but modern com- forts have not been overlooked, and a definite character of interest has been required of each piece that has gained en- trance to these rooms. Rose damask is the prevailing ma- terial for the coverings. The porcelain treasures here are of penetrating beauty, and the magnificent paintings are again modern masterpieces. Unlike many libraries in large houses, those of Mr. Pope’s are real libraries. That is to say, they are literary rooms devoted to literary purposes. The walls, for the most part, are lined with shelves from the floor to the ceiling, and they are thronged with the books of the book-lover and student. The bookish char- " acter does not cease with the book-lined — walls, for on the panelled surface around the fireplace are portraits of authors and rare old engravings that are favorite objects of study. The furnishings, as elsewhere, are entirely harmonious with the style of the house. ‘The color treatment is brown, with brown carpet, curtains in two tones of brown silk damask, and brown furniture coverings. The woodwork is grained in the old style, and is dull yellow in color. The library comprises a suite of three great rooms. The first, which opens directly from the hall, is the original library. Beyond it is the new library, a larger room recently added to the house. Still farther on, and on the extreme side of the house, is Col. Pope’s personal ofice. It is several steps below the other rooms, and is completely panelled in walnut. The carpet here is gray. There is a passage behind the stairs in the hall which leads to the “parlor-bedroom” on the first floor. The February, 1910 unique character of its wall-paper has al- ready been mentioned: it is in stripes of white, with festoons in light colors. The side of the room containing the fireplace is completely panelled in wood, painted white, as is all the woodwork. ‘The man- tel is wood, with facings of mottled yellow marble and a lining of hammered iron; the fender and andirons are brass. There is a splendid old brass triple mirror above the mantel shelf. The window curtains, bed-hangings and furniture coverings are pink and white striped silk, the bed being a fine old four-poster, of which the house possesses an unusual number. A bathroom, which was added when the new library was built, makes this suite complete in itself. The charming old-time character which distinguishes the arrangement and furnish- ing of the first oor of the house is car- ried out with equal consistency in the second story. ‘The hall reproduces the dimensions of the first floor hall, and, like it, is papered with the block paper, and is abundantly furnished with a delightful col- lection of old-time tables and chairs. Even more marked is the character of the bedrooms. The utmost harmony prevails in their furnishings. That there is a marked in- dividuality and distinction in the different chambers may be pointed out without further comment; but the collection of old furniture arranged in them, delightful four-posters, the old-time dressing tables and bureaus, the chairs, the mirrors, the whole thing, is so well done and so beautifully carried out, that one hesitates to leave one room until a glimpse of a new attraction in the next draws one farther on, only to have one’s feelings stirred the more with each new and more successful chamber. The green bedroom has a green carpet with small red dots, all but invisible. a white trellis carried around bunches of green flowers. The fireplace has a blue marble band in its facing, and above the mantel is a fine mahogany mirror. The cur- tains and furniture covering is figured cretonne. The mulberry room is equally characteristic. The wall- paper has a lavender ground with a pattern of small dia- The “‘parlor-bedroom”’ of the ground floor The wall-paper is light blue, with, February, 1910 The bed-hangings are As monds containing mulberry flowers. white; the curtains and furniture coverings cretonne. in all the bedrooms, most of the furniture is antique. The house is approached on the side, there being no driveway to the portico of the main front. Here is the carriage porch, an arcaded structure that leads out of a deep porch furnished as an outdoor dining-room. It is glazed in front, and connects with the dining-room and a passage that leads to the service rooms. Almost in face of this, but with an entrance not symmetrical with it, is the garden. It lies below the house on the hillside, and is enclosed with a wall of rough stone laid up without cement, affording a fine clambering place for vines and roses. This enclosure is not that of the garden itself of this great area, and has its own garden enclosure of hemlock. Entering the walled space, which is bordered without by evergreens, one descends by stone steps to a lower path of old brick, box-bordered, and thence to the hemlock hedge that bounds the garden. In the midst is set a summer house, with sides partly open and partly trellised. The main lines of the frame are painted white, the trellis is green. All around are beds of old-fashioned flowers, growing with the brilliant luxuriance of plants that spare nothing in their bloom, and which are planted in great masses. It is a charming place, and one of great simplicity. It scarce deserves the name of formal garden, for while the beds follow somewhat the shape and form of the great irregular octagon of the enclosure, it is rather that they may have definite form than a pattern of definite design. In one corner of the outer enclosure is a short flight of stone steps beneath a pergola covered with grape vines. Above, and without, is the conservatory, the path beside it being dahlia-bordered on the right and left, splendid lines of the most brilliant colors, blooming with quite audacious loveliness, and offering, apparently, an endless variety of shapes and colors. Both from this point and from the house the stable yard may be reached. The buildings here are new, the original stables having been destroyed by fire in the spring of 1908. They constitute a somewhat irregular group, most exten- sively developed on the rear. In face, as has been stated, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51 they adjoin and connect with the house. The garage is of stone, with wood gables, and forms a portion of the group to which the conservatory is attached. The summit of the hill on which the house is built was originally bare of trees. Some fine old monarchs of the forest now stand about the house and seemingly have al- ways done so. As a matter of fact, while the trees are necessarily old, their present position is quite as recent as that of the house, since they were all transported here by Mr. Pope when his house was built, and are now as sturdy and as flourishing as if they had never known another home. The house stands literally on a hill or knoll that slopes down grandly on all sides, but the house area is so broad and spacious that the dwelling is quite without that sense of aloofness that characterizes most hill-top buildings. There is a majestic outlook from the front porch. The green lawn dips down suddenly below the stone wall built exactly at the crown of the rise. Beyond are the tree tops of the lower valley, and far off the land rises again, with trees and fields so remote that the few houses are the merest dots in the distant landscape. Beyond are great broad hills, stretching away as far as the eye can see, from one side of the horizon to the other; rising up and off in ridge after ridge, until, literally, there is no more to see save the remotest outline against the sky. The outbuildings of this fine estate contribute a really notable group of structures. But their interest lies rather in their adaptation to ends, their convenience and accessibility, their sturdy walls and their simplicity than to architectural design. The buildings, as has been intimated, are close to the dwelling house, yet while no attempt has been made to conceal them, they are not visible from the front, and one hardly realizes their existence at any point of approach. This is an achievement of no mean order, for an extensive group of outbuildings is apt te occupy a distinct place in any general view of a country place, or else they are located at such a distance from the dwelling as to seem to be deprived of the convenience that comes with closeness of proximity. The outbuildings of Hill Stead are entirely modest, simply designed, direct and sturdy as those of an ancient farm- house; yet they are very modern, very compact, very com- plete and ample in every respect. The old-time garden below the house 52 The Revival AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 of Rag Rugs By Eliza Oliver NN THE widespread admiration for old household things, old furniture, old china, old pewter, old furnishings of every sort, it is quite natural to look for a revival of the rag rugs of the old time. Almost everything in the way of old fur- nishings has survived from the antique past of America except floor coverings. In the very nature of things these articles must be the rarest of all ancient survivals. The old chairs and tables were carried up into the attics; the old china and glass ware were thrust further and further back into the closets or hidden away where they would not be seen; but the old carpets and rugs were bundled forth joyously to the ash-heap or the bonfire, and a constant peril of moths gaily dispensed with and utterly destroyed with a veritable sense of housewifely care and thrift. I exaggerate, of course, when I hint at the total destruc- tion of such articles, for some have survived, and in some quiet old parts of the country these survivals have been fairly numerous. But taking old furnishings as a whole, it must be apparent to anyone who has given the matter some thought, that floor coverings are the rarest of all survivals. And not only is this true, but un- til very recent years there has been no adequate mod- ern substitute for these very important articles. ‘The housewife who has tried to find a floor covering to go with her old furniture— newly brought out from its hiding-place, retouched and repaired ‘“‘as good as new” —will, time and again, find nothing at all that either seems suitable or which in any way appears to be of the period of her tables and chairs. And, indeed, the problem is a hard one. No old room can be adequately repro- duced without its appropriate floor covering. The Orien- tal rug, even in its most modest pattern and most subdued colors, is manifestly inappropriate, since our ancestors made no use of such articles, ancient as their use in their own environment may be. The modern carpet, until very re- cently, is equally inadmissible to rooms that seek to retain the old-time atmosphere with any degree of accuracy. A real problem was presented here of more than usual com- plexity, a problem so difficult to solve, and so very general, that many a good room to-day which is filled with excellent old furniture, and which, while in every part giving evi- dence of thoughtful care for old-time atmosphere and feel- ing, is still imperfect and indeed unfinished with its in- congruous floor covering. No wonder, then, when old rugs and old pieces of carpets came to the light through A Martha Washington carpet arduous research and much anxious seeking, that they were hailed at once as the long-lost missing-link in the modern reproductions of old furnishings. And no wonder, if you please, that the supply of genuine antiques of this sort was speedily exhausted. Many fragile articles have survived from the past, but while carpets and rugs cannot be classed as such, their material forbade their preservation and their rarity is very great. But the old-time rug having been recovered and its essen- tial place in house furnishing recognized, the next step was its reproduction as a modern article. This industry is now well developed, and every carpet store has its stock of modern rugs and carpets which either accurately reproduce known antique patterns, or which reproduce the old spirit in a new form that renders them admirably adapted to modern use in the most careful combination of old-time furnishings. Miss Adalaide Sprall has been most successful in this work, and has kindly loaned me photographs of her looms for reproduction, with this article. The reproduction of old rugs and carpets has not, however, been left to the carpet manufacturer. In- terest in this work having been aroused, fresh searches among the old houses and _ outbuildings were made, and not a few old-time looms have been recovered in the very lo- calities in which they were formerly utilized. And, be- ing discovered, it was but a step further to put them into use again, and restore the weavings of rugs and carpets to its former dig- nity of a household craft. The work done in this direction has been very widespread and immensely successful. Women who, but a few years ago, hardly knew there was such an art as rug weaving, are to-day turning out beautiful speci- mens of home-made rugs that have, many of them, all the merits of the antique rugs. For the old rugs were likewise home-made, and the modern worker needs but the old pat- terns to produce work of the same old spirit. The good people who tell about the triumphs of the home worker in this and in many similar directions, have much to say concerning the utilization of the time so em- ployed. They draw a picture, or attempt to draw it, of rural home life, in which the good housewife has lonely and unoccupied hours, with nothing to do and nothing to think about. And then they advance a still more allur- ing portrait of the craft worker, busily engaged in some domestic art that she will send to the shop and exchange for useful dollars. It is a beautiful picture and a fascinating one. And surely it is true; for is it not set down in the a February, 1910 books and magazines? Yet I have sometimes wondered if all this home industry is quite right. The women I _ know, and the women I have seen, have little time for work of this description or for concentrated ef- fort apart from the daily routine of ordinary house- hold effort. Far be it from me to decry the sacredness of that effort, for it is most righteous and neces- sary. But I do not believe that the average woman — I mean the woman of aver- age ability who has the average duties of every wo- man to perform—can find much time for this sort of work. Some do, undoubt- edly, and all praise is due them for what they accom- plish. Yet many women do find time for this work, and pro- duce beautiful results. It is fascinating work, too, and very absorbing. The story is told—and I believe it to be authen- tic—of a woman rug maker who had exhausted the supply of black she had on hand for a certain pattern. The work was nearly finished, but everything had been brought to a standstill. “Where are your bloom- ers?”’ inquired an interested neighbor. They were pro- duced with some protest, but they were finally re- duced to rags and put into the pattern. Even this sac- rifice was incomplete, and the work was again stopped. “What is the matter with your skirt?’ queried the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS waa /7 YZ The oldest warping bar in Connecticut; the lower still in use 53 resourceful neighbor; and that, too, went into the rug. Contributions of this sort are not always needed, but the incident surely shows the extraordinary interest one may develop in this work. And meanwhile the fortu- nate possessor of these mod- ern home-made rugs has something to be envied for. They are good rugs, most of them; beautiful rugs, too, rugs to be prized and enjoyed. They are the kind of rugs we are glad to have. If there be women who have the time for this work, so much the better for us. They have an agreeable occupation of quite ab- sorbing interest, and we have the beautiful results of their labor. It is impossible to im- agine a more desirable re- sultant. The modern rag _ rug, woven at home, and repro- ducing either the old de- sign or the old spirit, has, then, a definite place in the household of to-day. Its real place is with old-time furniture and in old-time rooms; but as an agreeable and handsome floor cover- ing it has a place of its own that nothing else can take. An interesting aspect of the old revival is the fresh- ening of people’s thoughts as to floor coverings. It is something to know that any sort of a rug or carpet will not do for every place, and it is a useful thing that people should ponder on such matters and con- sider the relationship of the floor. 54 AMERICAN The Residence of Frederick Phillips Craig, Esq. Short Hills, New Jersey sash By Robert Prescott | The dining-room is finished in mahogany CGADAMENG x) HE residence of Mr. Craig is both a sum- omer =) mer and a winter home. It combines all the best features of modern building, in cluding attractive elevation of the gam- brel-roof type, and well-arranged floor plans. The house is thoroughly equipped with all the best modern appointments. The house stands on a knoll which rises up from the two roads which extend along both sides of the property. A sweeping roadway extends from the main entrance of the estate to the entrance porch placed at the front of the HOMES AND CARVE. February, 1910 house. Fine old trees which have been growing on this site for years form a very happy surrounding for this old Dutch Colonial house. The foundation is built of rock-faced stone, while the remainder of the building is constructed of wood; the ex- terior walls of the first story being covered with clapboards painted white, while the second and third story exterior walls are covered with shingles stained and finished in a soft gray color. The roof is also covered with shingles. The hall, which is reached from the entrance porch at the front of the house, is trimmed with cypress finished in a The living-porch is placed at the side of the house The hall has a brown-finished trim and a two-tone gray wall covering February, 1910 PVE NN Ovies sea N DD GARDENS Flemish brown, blending well with the two-toned grayish-brown wall cover- ing. The staircase is of ornamental character, and has yellow pine treads, with brown-stained risers and balustrades. To the right of the hall is built the living-room, which is also stained and finished in Flemish brown. It extends the entire depth of the house, and at the rear end of which is built a_bay- window furnished with a paneled seat. Opposite the entrance to the _living- room is built the fireplace, provided with _ buff-brick facings and hearth, and a paneled mantel. A panel wainscoting to the height of the mantel-shelf extends around the room, and is finished with a plate-rack. The wall space above the 55 plate-rack is covered with a Japanese wall-paper in two tones. The ceiling is beamed. French windows open from the living-room to the living-porch, which is built at the side of the house, thus insuring the privacy to the family which is so neces- sary in a country house. Opposite the living-room is built the dining-room, which is finished in mahog- any. There is an open fireplace, provided with white brick facings and hearth, and a Colonial mantel. The reception- room, to the left of the en- trance, has a white painted trim, and walls covered with a white and gray paper. Messrs. Rossiter and Wright, of New York, were the architects of this ie: e LaAUNDR. tS e = ae = g me 5 P Ste bP eo Dining Koom FF S 2 aa] == B }-—+-4 | KircHen —=7 S FF Ss > é Living Room @ } } HaLcu E fi Reception Koorm PANTRY | Deerven | CLS I De AAW YWHD sie Tt The house rests in a group of pine trees 56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 Won by Anthony P. Finder, Troy, New York i EVERAL years ago, in the early autumn, I moved into a new home in one of the outlying sections of the city of ‘Troy, known as the “East Side.”” Nearly every residence in this section has a lawn sur- rounding it, supplemented with more or less effort in gardening. With the com- ing of the first spring in my new home, I became imbued with the idea of growing some flowers. As is the case with The stable at the end of the lot is nearly hidden from view by a mass of low- growing shrubs planted in front of hydrangea and canna any beginner, I had no practical experi- ence, and for some time groped in the dark. Our first attempt was to have a few scattered beds here and there, but as the season advanced, and we were greeted with a general unsatisfactory result, we began to think the matter over, and decided that one garden planted under a general plan and scope promised far better results than the previous attempt with a few small, sep- arate, unrelated beds. This garden occupied a strip of ground extending along the rear of our lot about twenty- American Homes and Gardens Garden Competition Third Garden Prize of Twenty-five Dollars This plot is back from the street about one hundred and fifty feet at the end of an open extended lawn. Although unenclosed on three sides, the garden is so situated that no one has ever molested any plant or flower grown therein. The object of locating the garden so far in the rear was to fill it with vegetation and foliage, so that at once, on the opening of the summer season, a marked contrast would be presented with the open sweep of the closely cropped lawn in the foreground. The soil of the garden is rather loamy, with considerable sand _inter- mixed. . Twice a year, in the early spring and late in the fall, this soil is well spaded and loosened, care, of course, being taken not to disturb the roots of any of the perennials planted in the garden. ‘These perennials, as a rule, are transplanted in the early fall, and their clumps of roots, when neces- sary, divided at that time. I have found it very essential to have the ground thoroughly spaded and all surplus The garden walk is edged with petunias in brilliant coloring stones and unnecessary roots removed. My experience is one feet wide and approximately eighty-four feet in length. that manure or other fertilizer placed in the ground dur- February, 1910 > The fence line of the estate is hidden by a harmonious grouping of shrubs and plants ing the month of March will benefit the soil more than if placed there in the previous fall. At the eastern end of our garden there stood for many years a solitary pine, sur- vivor of a grove which formerly flourished in this section. Under this tree several years ago, a summer house, trian- gular in form, was built, the trunk of the pine coming down through the middle of the front. This pine, which had been years in dying, finally succumbed, and was cut down as shown in the accompanying photographs. A gravel walk along a privet hedge approaches the gar- den from the south at the eastern end and runs north and west, practically dividing it into halves. The problem was how to fill this garden with plants so that a harmoni- ous mass effect would be presented from either the front along the lawn side, or along the sides of the dividing walk Years ago a former owner had plant- ed some grape-vines in the south half of the garden plot. These vines were planted about four feet from the edge of the lawn, and were not removed, but were used rather as a par- tial screen of the garden beyond. An ample trellis was built for the vines, and immediately before this was planted a row of scarlet salvia of the bon- fire variety. The grape- trellis extends towards the west only about half of the length of the garden, so from where it ends a row of red-leaved, red-flower- ing cannas of the average height of four feet was planted. The space be- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 57 tween the edge of the lawn and along the front of the garden and the salvia was filled with two closely planted rows of many vari- eties of coleus, some of solid and some of varie- gated colors, intermixed, forming a fitting fore- ground to the higher salvia, grape-vine and cannas im- mediately to the north. Coleus is a most tender plant, and should not be set out before May 3oth, but with plenty of moisture it is a fine bedder, having an ample growth, few pests to interfere with its prog- ress, and a wealth of folli- age which is unrivaled. The grape-vine casts a shadow to the northward, yet in spite of this draw- back I find no difficulty in growing peonies of differ- ent varieties, heliopsis, German and Japanese iris, chrysanthemums and hibiscus immediately in its rear. A single clump of heliopsis or iris will, in the course of a few seasons, spread and multiply very rapidly and yield an abundance of blossoms. To fill the space from the western end of the grape-vine and immediately to the north of the red cannas mentioned above, was rather difficult and at the same time maintain a pleasing effect from either the lawn side or the mid- walk side of the garden. After repeated efforts ending in failure, I found that I could successfully fill this space in question with hardy hydrangeas interspaced plentifully with the nicotiana plants of both the white and pink flowering Masses of phlox and gladiloias are planted along one side of the garden walk 58 varieties. Nicotiana should be planted indoors in flats not later than February. It may be safely set out in the latter part of May. Along the closely cropped edge at the southern side of the midwalk is an edg- ing of single portulacca. No garden would be complete without a liberal number of asters of the dif- ferent strains now to be so easily had, and which have been brought to such a sat- isfactory state of cultiva- tion. For my part, I do not fancy the aster in a bed by itself, because its foliage is, in my judgment, not at all prepossessing; so I have planted asters immediately next to the low plants along the edges of the garden walk. The northern boundary of the garden is a division wire fence four feet in height. In planting this section of the garden, the idea was to produce a sloping growth from the fence to the edge of the midwalk. Immediately along the fence were planted plentiful clumps of golden glow, which early in the season completely hid the fence. Next to the golden glow come hollyhocks, larkspur, fox- glove, hardy phlox, sweet Williams, primroses, tiger lilies and dahlias. ‘The single hollyhock is my preference, and, although after a few seasons the plant needs to be replaced, yet I find no difficulty in having a supply of new plants at hand ready to take the place of the older. Hardy phlox gives a bountiful bloom from July to September. ‘The diminutive, ever-spreading primrose illuminates the garden from the middle of June to the middle of July, about the time when the fox-glove, larkspur and sweet Williams are doing their best. No garden, in my judgment, is complete without a liberal clump of primroses. As soon as the lark- spur has finished blooming, if the plant be cut down to the earth, a new crop of flowers will be out by the end of August or early September. ‘This second crop, while not the equal of the first, will still help to lighten up the gar- den at the very time when other plants are past their prime. As to dahlias, I find that it is better to plant a few good tubers rather than a large, undivided clump. I have had large and more perfect flowers by cutting back the plants and allowing only a few sprouts to a plant. By this method one will not have so many blossoms, but rather more per- A corner of the garden showing the steps to the tea-house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. PRT ? Masses of canna are planted close to the stable February, 1910 Y fect flowers and of a finer texture. One of the strik- ing features of this part of the garden has been a row of gladioli which is planted at different times earlier in the season, thus insuring a long succession of the beau- tiful spikes of this flower, which has within the last few years been so much de- veloped and taken such a firm hold upon the public favor. At the eastern end of the northern half of the garden is a triangular bed of single, long-fringed Cali- fornia petunias. My ex- perience is that this is a flower which is never a failure and never disappoints. Along the northern edge of the midwalk, for several years, I have planted assorted phlox Drummondi. Some- times the start of this plant is doubtful, but once under way, it flourishes and gives beautiful blossoms of all colors, making a fine contrast with the border of portulacca at the opposite side of the walk. Along the western end of the garden a number of roses are set out. At the eastern end of the garden, in front of the summer house, is a bed of French marigolds, tall zinnias and castor plants on the north side, and castor plants and caladiums on the south side. From this last group extends a privet hedge, along the side of which are S. A. Nutt geraniums and sweet alyssum bordering the walk which approaches the garden at the east from the south. While marigolds and zinnias are very ordinary every-day flowers, yet they are very plentiful and beautiful, and are never a failure. A rambler along the side of the garage, and the castor plants along the garage and summer house, offer a fine background for the zinnias and marigolds. Of all gera- niums, I find the S. A. Nutt the most satisfactory. This variety may not have as large flower trusses as some others, and may not be, perhaps, as brilliant; yet its richness and dignity, to my mind, cannot be surpassed. In conclusion, I would say, that to plan and plant this garden has taken a large amount of time, labor, patience and perseverance, to say nothing of the money expended. While we have often been disappointed, yet we have also scored some successes. Another view of the garden walk February, 1910. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 59 The Summer Home of H. A. Goodwin, Esg,., At Marblehead, Massachusetts By Lillian Harrod ep) UST beyond the boundary line that separates ANS S@@ Marblehead from Salem, and about half a ) mile from the centre of the old seaport town, one comes upon a charming cottage home, located on rising ground, some thirty feet back from the main _high- way, and surrounded on all sides by sloping stretches of sward. This is the all-the-year-round residence of Mr. Henry A. Goodwin, and it was built at a cost of five thousand dollars from plans of Messrs. Peare & Quiner, architects, of Boston, Mass. At the front it commands an uninterrupted view of meadowland and highway, as far as the bend of the road at Forest Hills station, while at the rear it overlooks the waters of Marblehead Harbor. It is far enough removed trom the town proper to insure privacy and quiet, and yet is near enough to avoid the discomforts attendant upon a house too far away from town or city to be within easy walking distance. In appearance it resembles a modernized adaptation of the Colonial type of dwelling, and it shows in every par- ticular careful planning to suit its location. The severe lines of the gambrel roof are broken by the introduction of numerous dormer windows, which, in addition to being at- tractive, help render the interior bright and cheery, and there are many other quaint little touches which add to the picturesque effect of the whole. The exterior finish is of shingle, stained a soft gray, with white trim and dark green blinds. The front porch, distinctly Colonial in design, is covered with an odd, peaked roof, supported by four Doric columns, with trellis-work arranged between, to afford a foundation for the vines which have been planted to clamber over. The entrance door, with its upper panel of glass, opens into a vestibule, lighted by means of two long, narrow win- dows on either side of the doorway, and this in turn con- nects with the central hall, from the farther end of which a staircase rises by low broad treads to a landing, lighted by a great window, from which another flight of steps as- cends to the upper hallway To the right of the hallway opens the living-room, a spacious apartment, finished in pine, stained white, and enamelled. Its walls are hung with paper of a striped pat- tern in tones of gray, pink and white, and its floor is of hard pine wood, highly polished, as are all the floors throughout the house. A large fireplace, constructed of pressed brick laid in white mortar, occupies a prominent place at one side of the room, and it is flanked on the right by a large built-in bookcase, fitted with double glass doors. This room opens at the left onto the broad, double-decked veranda, supported by Doric columns, and rendered at- tractive by the quaint trellis-work inserted between the pil- lars. It is fitted up during the summer season as an out- door living-room, and its sightly location affords some charming views. From the rear of the living-room opens the den, a cosy apartment, finished in pine and stained a soft brown, while the walls are hung with plain dark green paper. It has a fireplace similar to the one in the living-room, and a closet for maga- zines just behind the bookcase. Abundant light is fur- nished by means of a large side window and a bay window, beneath which extends a low broad seat cushioned in vel- vet, harmonizing in tone with the wall hangings. A large Mission magazine table and a few comfortable chairs con- stitute the principal furnishings. Opposite the living-room is the dining-room, also finished in pine, but stained to represent old oak. A high wainscot extends around the sides of the room to a height of eight feet, where it is met with a frieze of field daisies, finished at the top with a cornice of oak-stained pine. A feature of this room is the large built-in china closet at one end, which possesses the advantage of being decorative as well as use- ful. Broad, double windows are shaded by simple madras draperies, and a large art square partially covers the pol- ished floor. ‘The furniture is of the Mission type, and is in perfect keeping with the simple charm of the apart- ment. Beyond the dining-room is the service department, in- cluding kitchen and pantry, both fully equipped for house- keeping purposes. A door opens from the dining-room to the butler’s pantry, which is fitted with shelves, drawers and cupboards complete. Another door opens to the kitchen, which is fully equipped for housekeeping purposes. It contains a larger dresser with cupboard below the counter shelf, and shelves above, which are inclosed with doors glazed with small lights of glass. The lobby, built at the side of the kitchen, is large enough to admit an ice box which is a very important feature, for it precludes the necessity of the maid going to the cellar, which is so often the case, and it also provides a handy and convenient place for the ice man to reach the ice box without going into the main part of the house. The rear stairs lead from the kitchen to the cellar, and they also form a private way for the servants to reach their bedroom, which is built over the kitchen. The second floor of the house is devoted to the sleep- ing rooms. ‘The trim of this floor is painted white, and the walls of each of the bedrooms are treated with one color scheme. ‘There are three bedrooms, bathroom and a dressing-room large enough for another bedroom, if the necessity required it. The bathroom is treated with white enamel paint, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickle-plated plumbing. The owner's room is pro- vided with an open fireplace built of red brick, with hearth and facing of similar brick and a mantel of Colonial style. The linen closet is provided with tiers of shelves extending from the floor to the ceiling. The third floor contains ample storage space, and it also forms fine air space over the sleeping rooms of the house. The cost of this house was $5,022.50, divided into sep- arate contracts as follows, viz.: Excavating and foundation ........ $ 545.00 Brickwork and plasterifio ....:.... 775.00 Lumber, carpenter work’and painting 2,890.00 lumibtnemeey. o4 oo ct Bae ah sic ioe 375-00 ICANT, cs ks Sie ane a ee 387.50 NITIES? sg UE Rea Oe 50.00 February, 1910 AMERICAN HOM] The living-room fireplace is built of re a Colon FIROT FLOC Geasle Br : , SECOND FLOOR * Be reale (ane An interesting feature of this house is its living-porch, which is separate from the entrance porch THE SUMMER HOME OF H. A. GOOD AND GARDENS February, 1910 sige rtd oe ; : : 4 ; { a 7 iy ck laid in white mortar, and it has antel The dining-room has a high-paneled oak wainscoting, above which is a frieze of field daisies * iy a 2 i ae 0 a) tee =e BO Sakae Dre So ae oa! The Dutch Colonial house is the prototype of this house AT MARBLEHEAD, MASS. February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 The living-room fireplace is built of red brick laid in white mortar, and it has a Colonial mantel The dining-room has a high-paneled oak wainscoting, above which is a frieze of field daisies wenebe: An interesting feature of this house is its living-porch, which is separate from the entrance porch The Dutch Colonial house is the prototype of this house THE SUMMER HOME OF H. A. GOODWIN, ESQ., AT MARBLEHEAD, MASS. 62 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Mary H. =< EW people, even admirers of clocks, possess Za i: much, if any knowledge of their history, makers and construction. Nowadays the purchase of a clock naturally implies that the clock-case goes with the movement, but in the Colonial times few people bought works and case as one article, at least, not while the large clocks were in use. ‘Transporta- tion was difficult, so the clock pedlers contented themselves with slinging a half a dozen clock movements over their saddles and setting forth to find purchasers. When a family could spare the twenty pounds for a “grandfather” clock movement, the local cabinet- maker was called in, and often an- other twenty pounds was spent for the case. Of course, certain shaped movements required certain shaped cases, so that definite types of clocks are found; but the case is by no means a guide to the make of, the move- ments. The first type of American clocks was the wall clock, set on a shelf through which slits were cut for the pendulum and weight cords. ‘These were known as “lantern,” ‘“‘bird- cage,’ or ‘“‘wag-at-the-wall,’ and were replaced by the more imposing “grandfather,” which served a double duty of timekeeper, and, as a -rule, the show piece of furniture. Among the early clock-makers of Colonial days was Benjamin Bagnall, who learned his trade in England and settled in Boston in 1712. A record of a meeting of the selectmen of that town, August 13, 1717, reads “That Mr. Joseph Wads- worth, Willm. Welsted, Esq., and Habijah Savage, Esq., be desired to Treat with Mr. Benj. Bagnall About makeing a Town Clock,” and according to a record in September of that year, he was paid for it. The earliest Bagnall clock on record is of the pendulum type in a tall case. The original case, of pine, is gone, though on the inside of the lower door was written: ‘“This clock put up January 10, 1722.” Another of his clocks, and very similar to the first, belongs to the New England Historical Genealogical Society of Boston. ‘The case, though plain, is handsome, and rather unusual, because it Old Time Clocks samme Their Mala Northend An old French clock in the author’s collection February, 1910 eee is solid black walnut. In most of the cases a veneer was put on over pine. ‘The use of a pine body is characteristic of old American cases, while the old English cases were veneered on oak. A particularly fine Bagnall clock is in the Hosmer col- lection at Hartford. It is a black walnut veneer on pine. A peculiarity of the Bagnall make is the small dial, only twelve inches square. Above the dial is an arched exten- sion, silvered, and engraved with the name of the maker. Samuel Bagnall, son of Benjamin, has left a few good clocks, thought to be equal to the work of his father. The clocks of Enos Doolittle, an- other Colonial maker, are not nu- merous enough to give him a prom- inent place among the great early manufacturers. Nevertheless, he de- serves great praise for the few good clocks which he has left behind. One of them is at Hartford, Doolittle’s native town. The case is of beauti- fully carved cherry, ornamented with pilasters on the sides of the case and face. A circular plate above the dial has the legend, “Enos Doolittle, Hartford.” The top of the case is richly ornamented with scrolls and carvings.” There were many small clock- makers in Colonial days, one, we might say, in every town, who left a few examples of their work, but none of them left the number or quality produced by the great clock-makers, the Willards. Benjamin Willard, who had shops in Boston, Roxbury and Grafton, made a specialty of the musical clock, which he advertised as playing a tune a day and a psalm tune on Sundays. Aaron Willard, a brother, made tall striking clocks. One of his productions, however, owned by Dr. G. Faulkner of Bos- ton, has run for over one hundred and twenty years. On the inside of the case is written, ‘“The first short timepiece made in America, 1784.” It is a departure from the or- dinary Aaron Willard clock, because it is so short. ‘The case of mahogany stands only twenty-six inches high. There are scroll feet, turning back. A separate upper part, with ogee feet, which can be lifted off, contains the movement. Simon Willard, another brother, in 1802 patented the “im- proved timepiece,” which later was known as the “banjo,” —_—_ February, 1910 AMERICAN because of its resemblance in shape to that in- strument. The “banjo” which Willard manu- factured had a convex glass door over the face, a slim waist with brass ornaments running par- allel to the curve of the box, and a rectangular base which was sometimes built with legs for _a shelf, sometimes with an ornamental bracket on the bottom, in which case the clock was in- tended for the wall. The construction of these clocks was simple. The works were of brass, and capable of running eight or nine days. There was no strike, but this clock was a favorite, because of its accuracy. Hardly less famous than the Willards was Eli Terry, born April, 1773, in East Windsor, Connecticut. Before he was twenty-one, he was recognized as having unusual ingenuity at clock-making. He had learned the trade from Thomas Harland, a well-known clock-maker ot the times, had constructed a few old-fashioned hanging clocks, and sold them in his own town. He moved to Plymouth, and continued to make clocks, working alone till 1800, when he hired a few assistants. He would start about a dozen movements at a time, cutting the wheels and teeth with saw and jack-knife. Each year he made a few trips in the surrounding coun- try, carrying three or four clock movements with him, which he sold for about twenty-five dollars apiece. The first known Terry clock was made in 1792. It was built with a long handsome case and with a dial, silver- plated, engraved with Terry’s name. This clock, just as it was when Eli Terry set it going for the first time with all the pride which he must have had in his first accomplish- ment, is now in possession of the Terry family. Terry introduced a patent shelf clock, with a short case. This made the clock much more marketable, because it was short enough to allow of easy transportation and at the same time offered the inducement of a well-made and in- expensive case. This patent shelf clock was a surprise to the rivals of Terry, because this change in construction had produced an absolutely new and improved model—an un- ~~ ’ paleo eee S. oy a A bureau full of clocks An old banjo'clock show- ing the Constitution and Guerriere in battle the clock trade to such an extent FONEES eANeD GARDENS 63 heard of thing in clock-making. The conser- vatism hitherto shown by the Colonial makers had stunted the growth of clock improvements in many ways, hence the sensation produced by Terry’s new invention. The change was such as to allow the play of weights on each side and the whole length of the case. The placing of the pendulum, crown wheel, and verge in front of the wheels, and between the dial and the movement, was an- other space-saving device, as also was the changing of the dial wheels from the outside to the inside of the movement plates. The es- capement was transferred by hanging the verge on a steel pin, instead of on a long heavy shaft inside the plates. This allowed the clock to be fastened to the case in back, making the pen- dulum accessible by removing only the dial. Thus Terry fairly revolutionized small clock- making, by introducing a new form of clock, more compact, more serviceable, and cheaper than any of the older makes. In 1807 Terry bought an old mill in Ply- mouth, and fitted it up so as to make his clocks _by machinery. About this time several Water- ‘bury men associated themselves to supply Terry with the materials if he would make the clocks. What with this steady income from machine- made clocks, and the profits from extra sales, he made, in a very short time, what was considered quite a fortune. In 1808 he started to build five hundred clocks at one time, an undertaking which was considered foolhardy. Peo- ple argued that there weren’t enough people in the Colonies who could buy so many clocks; but nevertheless the clocks sold rapidly. In 1810 Terry sold out to Seth Thomas and Silas Hoadley, two of his head workmen. The new company was a leader in Colonial clock-manufacturing for a number of years, until competition brought the prices of clocks down to five and ten dollars. All these years Terry had been experimenting, and in 1814 he introduced his pillar scroll top case. This upset that the old-fashioned Old clocks and old china calretinin enn sions erin, A banjo clock hang-up wooden clocks which hitherto had been the leading type, were forced out of existence. The shape of the scroll top case is rectangular, the case, with small feet and top, standing about twenty-five inches high. On the front edges of the case are pillars twenty-one inches long, three-quar- ters of an inch in diameter at the base, and three-eighths at the top, having, as a rule, square abaci and bases. ‘The dial, which takes up a half or more of the whole front, is eleven inches square, while below is a tablet about seven by eleven inches. The dial is not over-ornamental, and has suitable spandrels in the corners. ‘The scroll top is found plain as well as highly carved, but always the idea of the scroll is present. Terry sold the right to manufacture the clock to Seth Thomas for a thousand dollars. At first they each made about six thousand clocks a year, but later increased the output to twelve thousand. ‘The clocks were great favor- ites, and sold easily for fifteen dollars each. A delightful type One of a collection of fifty An old banjo clock The old grandfather’s clock February, 1910 A Willard clock Another conservatism of the Colonial clock-makers was the sharp division which they made between the use of wood and brass in the manufacture of the movements. The one-day clocks were made of wood throughout, and this prevented the use of them on water or even their exporta- tion, because the works would swell in the dampness and render the clock useless. The eight-day clocks were made of brass, but the extra cost for movements sufficient to make the clock run eight days excluded many people who had to remain content with the one-day clock. It was not till 1837 that it occurred to any of these ingenious makers of timepieces to produce a one-day clock out of brass. To Chauncey Jerome, the first exporter of clocks to England, in the year 1824, the honor was reserved to apply the prin- ciple of the cheap wire pinion to the brass one-day clock. Thus began the revolutionization of American clock manu- facturing, which has placed this country before all the world as a leader in cheap and accurate watch and clock-making. ait Banjo clock February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65 Some Western Homes Costing From Three to Five Thousand Dollars By Francis Durando Nichols SEN T IS a dificult matter to secure a group of modern houses with attractive elevations combined with well-arranged floor plans, and costing from three to five thousand dollars, as illustrated herewith. The first house presented in the series, and shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, was built for Mr. Frank H. Tichenor, at Wilmette, Ill. The exterior of the house is constructed, from the grade to the peak, of wood covered with metal lath and coated with cement stucco of a gray color, while the trimmings are painted a dark ivy green. The roof is shingled and stained a moss green. ‘The principal feature of the exterior is the entrance porch, built at one corner of the house, and the living porch, built at the side of the house and reached from both the living and dining-rooms by French windows. The hall and living-room are trimmed with oak finished in Flemish brown, and both are separated by columns and broad openings. Fig. 1—The first floor plan The hall contains an ornamental staircase, with turned balusters and rail. The fireplace in the living-room is built of red brick laid in white mortar, the facing reaching to the height of five feet, at which point a mantelshelf is placed. The din- ing room is_ also trimmed with oak, and has a plate rack extending around the room, below which the wall is covered with green paper, while a frieze of Fig. 4—Mr. Frank Tichenor’s house is built of stucco green and brown covers the wall space above the rack. The kitchen and its apartments are complete. ‘The second floor is finished with a white painted trim, and contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, the latter wainscoted with tile and furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. ‘The cellar contains the heating appara- tus, fuel rooms and laundry. The house illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 12 and 18 pre- sents the interesting house built for William Schmedt- gem in Greenleaf Avenue, Wilmette. The interesting feature is the cobblestone work built at the front part: of the house. The cobblestones used in this house are white in color, and were brought by rail from Wisconsin at con- siderable expense. ‘hey add, however, a distinct feature to the exterior. ‘The remainder of the first story of the house is built of frame construction covered with metal lath and then coated with a cement stucco. ‘The exterior walls of the second story, and also the roof, are covered with shingles, finished in a natural grey color. The house is en- Fig. 3—The second floor plan tered through a vestibule into a hall, which has a groined ceiling and arches opening on either side to a living-room and a dining-room. The interior of the house is trimmed with oak throughout. The hallis finished in a dull brown; the liv- ing room hasa yellow- brown finished wood- work, and a soft brown wall covering. The ceiling is beamed and the space formed by these beams are tinted a soft yellow. The inglenook con- 66 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 A Group UITEHEN SOX s/f of Modern Western | i i } Woh | Dring Roore tj + | 12 X14 ry ! +N00K | |} hes ruth Hos yo Fig. 5 —Cobblestones are the feature of the exterior of William Schmedtgem’s house Fig. 6—The first floor plan of William Schmedtgem’s house a Pat ie INS Media tee Fig. 7—The dining-room of Mr. R. S. Baker’s house is furnished Fig. 8—The cobblestone chimney is the architectural feature of with Mission furniture Mr. R. S. Baker’s house DeDroore | DEOLOO/A Fig. 10—The first floor plan of Mr. R. S. Fig. 11—The second floor plan of Fig. 9—The hall of Mr. R. S. Baker's house, showing the inglenook Baker’s house R. S. Baker’s house February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 67 Costing from Three to Five ‘Thousand Dollars DEDROorL 70Ox4/ Fig. 12—The second floor plan of William Schmedtgem’s house ewe a VA Fig. 14—Mr. R. S. Baker’s house is built of cobblestone stucco and shingles DEDROO/L ‘Se Dirittg keore VIE DED ROO UW X12. DED Loo/t IZ XS Fig. 16—The first floor plan of Mr. F. Fig. 17—The second floor plan of Mr. F. H. Madden’s house H. Madden’s house Fig. 18—The hall of Mr. William Schmedtgem’s house 68 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS tains an open fireplace, built of red brick and laid in white mor- tar. The dining-room has a wainscoting built of battens extend- ing up to the height of seven feet, at which point a plate rack extends around the room. The wall space between these bat- tens is covered with a dark blue burlap. A soft yellow frieze finishes the wall space, above the plate rack. ‘The ceiling is beamed. ‘The butler’s closet, kitchen, laundry and lobby are trimmed with yellow pine, finished natural. The kit- chen is well equipped with all the necessary appointments ; the laundry is furnished with porcelain tubs and the lobby: is large enough to admit an ice-box. The second floor contains six bedrooms and a bathroom. The trim of this floor is painted white. The bathroom has walls painted yellow, and is furnished with porcelain fix- tures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. ‘The heating ap- paratus and fuel rooms are placed in the cellar, which is a cemented one, extending under the entire house. ‘The cost of this house was five thousand dollars. The third house inthe seriesy Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15, was also built at Wilmette, for Mr. R. S. Baker. This house has also considerable cobblestone work of simi- lar character to the one illustrated in Fig. 5. The cobble- stone chimney at the side is quite the architectural feature of the exterior. ‘The first story of the house is built of ce- ment stucco, while the second story is covered with shingles stained a silver gray color. ‘The roof is also covered with shingles and stained a moss brown color. A broad living porch extends across the front of the house, and is pro- vided with screens and furnished in an attractive manner. The entrance to the house is reached through a vestibule built at one corner of the building. The living-room and dining-room are trimmed with oak, stained and finished in a soft brown. ‘The walls of the living-room are of rough plaster tinted in a soft green tone. ‘The inglenook has a brick fireplace, with facings extending to the ceiling. The ceiling is beamed. The dining-room has gray walls from the floor to the plate rack, and also above the plate rack. The ceiling is beamed, and the spaces between these beams are tinted a lighter shade of gray. ‘The kitchen and its dependencies are furnished complete with every modern appointment. The kitchen walls are painted a delft blue. The second floor contains three bedrooms, a large trunk room and a bathroom. ‘The owner’s room is finished in mahogany, and its walls are covered with a soft blue wall- paper, with rugs of corresponding color covering the floor. This room also has an open fireplace built of red brick, laid in white mortar, and furnished with a mantel. One of Dn. Vy /[aling Boore, | a Te dee es Fig. 19—The first floor plan of Mr. C. J. Cross’s house Fig. 20—The house of Mr. C. J. Cross February, 1910 the guest rooms is finished in old rose, with old rose hang- ings and white furniture, while the other guest room is finished in yellow and white. ‘The cellar contains the heat- ing apparatus, fuel room, cold storage and laundry. The cost of this house was forty-two hundred dollars. Mr. F. H. Madden’s house, shown in Figures 13, 16 and 17, was also built at Wilmette. The plans of this house are similar to the one built for Mr. Baker and illustrated herewith. ‘The exterior of the house throughout is covered with cement stucco. The roof is shingled and stained a soft green, blending well with the green of the trees which overhang it. The principal rooms of the first floor are trimmed with oak. The inglenook, opening from the liv- ing-room, is furnished with a big fireplace. The dining-room, opening from the living-room through an archway, has a paneled wainscoting extending to the height of five feet, and is finished with a plate rack. ‘The kitchen is furnished complete with every modern appointment. The lobby is large enough to admit an ice-box. The second story con- tains three bedrooms, a den and a bathroom. ‘The wood- work of these rooms is treated with white paint. The den has an inglenook and an open fireplace. The bath- room is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. ‘The cellar under the entire house con- tains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. ‘This house cost five thousand dollars. The last house in this series, Figures 19, 20 and 21, was built for Mr. Charles J. Cross. It is a practical house, and is entered from a porch placed at the center of the building. The hall is reached through a lobby, and at the opposite end of the entrance is built the stairway, leading to a land- ing from which the stairs to the second floor ascend. Broad openings are built in between the hall and the living-room and also the dining-room. ‘The main part of the first floor is trimmed with oak, finished in a soft brown. ‘The living- room has two bay windows and an inglenook furnished with an open fireplace and a mantel. ‘This living-room and also the dining-room have beamed ceilings. The butler’s closet is fitted up complete. The kitchen and laundry are trimmed with yellow pine, and are furnished with all the best modern fixtures. The second floor contains five bedrooms, bath- room and a small den. The bathroom is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. The cost of this house is five thousand dollars. Mr. Thomas R. Martin, of Highfields, Pittstown, New Jersey, was the architect of this interesting group of houses. Hy} M Beoroore | Beoroor DeEo0200%4 XS Me Fig. 21—The second floor plan of Mr. C. J. Cross’s house February, 1910 The World's Largest Swannery 1 ' ; By Harold J. Shepstone AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 69 swannery in the world is that belonging to Lord Ilchester, and situated at Abbots- bury, a little village in Dorsetshire, about nine miles from the City of Weymouth, England. It is said to be over 800 years old, and there is documentary evidence of its existence at the time of the Tudors. Here may be seen at any one time over one thousand graceful white swans. The village is situated near the extremity of Chesil Beach, a gigantic ridge of huge pebbles which runs ten miles parallel to the shore, and terminates at the Isle of. Portland. Between the beach and the mainland is a long stretch of brackish water, known as the Fleet, which is the home of the swans. The Fleet is not easily accessible, either by land or by sea. It lies far re- moved from the busy haunts of men, and the Chesil Beach, like a mighty wall, protects it from the storms which sweep across the English Chan- nel When the waves roll in like thunder and break in clouds of spray against this wall of pebbles, the waters of the Fleet lie calm On guard and placid within, and form an ideal home for the swans, and an undisturbed resting-place for the many species of rare wild fowl that visit it in the late autumn. The swannery proper occupies a stretch of low, marshy ground. In winter it is a well-nigh inaccessible swamp, and throughout the summer it is a dense jungle of reeds and osiers, and other semi-aquatic plants. These form an ad- mirable cover for certain decoy ponds and duck tubes which are in use during the flight season later in the year. The keepers have also trained a number of the swans to assist them in this work. The wild birds without suspicion fol- low the tame swans into a long, netted passage which grows gradually narrower, and has no outlet; thus the birds are imprisoned. As many as 500 wild swans, birds and ducks have been caught here in two days. By far the most interesting time of the year to visit the swannery is during the months of March and April, when the birds as- semble from all parts of the Fleet to the marshy but now comparatively hard dry ground, for the purpose of breed- ing. Imagine a somewhat bare field, crossed at fre- quent intervals by 70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ditches and streams, and covered all over with haycocks about six feet apart, each haycock having one or two swans sitting upon it, and you have a very fair idea of the Ab- botsbury Swannery in the height of the nest season. Last spring there were over 400 nests placed closely together, and the entire swannery contained 1,150 birds. The particular variety of swan seen here is that known as the mute swan. In all, we have no less than seven species of swans living on the earth today, and which may be roughly divided into three dis- tinct groups: First, the black swan of Australia; second, the black-necked swan of southern South Amer- ica; and third, the remaining five spe- cies of pure white birds—the whoop- ing, Bewick, whist- ling, trumpeter and mute swans—found in the temperate re- gions of both hemi- February, 1910 treads down one of the heaps, until a firm foundation has been secured. Then the birds, who pair for life, gather softer material together, and line the nest, in which the hens begin to lay. The number of eggs may vary from three to nine, but six is the usual number. They are of a pale greenish color, and about five inches long. The swan, however, never considers that its nest is so complete as to be incapable of improvement. Through- ought the whole six weeks during which the eggs are incubated, the birds gather up any odd material that may come within reach and add it to their nest. Both birds take their turn in sitting, and dur- ing a whole morning which the writer spent at the swan- nery, only one nest was detected con- taining eggs with a bird upon it. In we a the majority of cases the hen was sitting, spheres. Each differ and the cock bird from the other in cer- sat on the side of the tain little characteristics, nest, mounting guard over principally in the formation his mate. During the night of the bill, head and arch and : most of the male birds are color of the neck. The mute is - on the! waters of the Fleet, easily distinguished by the _ large On the breeding grounds feeding upon the eel-grass_ which, black knob at the base of the bill. It later in the year, grows so luxur- is one of the prettiest and most grace- 1ously as to make boat passage almost ful of all the swans, and full-grown attains an extreme length of five feet. The name ‘“‘mute’’ was bestowed upon it because of its inability to give utterance to tones as loud or as musical as those which characterize its congeners. The bird is, however, far from being actually mute, and has a soft, not unmusical note. The nests at the swannery under notice consists of heaps of straw and dry spear reeds, the material being chiefly supplied by the keepers. The straw and roots are thrown down in heaps towards the middle of March, when the birds begin to assemble. It is necessary to do this, because otherwise the rather limited supply of material growing naturally within the area of the swannery would not suffice, and continual fights would take place among the nesting birds. The process of nest-mak- ing is not an elaborate one. First the male bird vigorously impossible. This, by the way, constitutes practically the sole food of the birds; for, though the keepers occasionally scatter a little maize about, it is found quite unnecessary to feed the birds. Early in the morning the male birds re- turn to the shore, and take their place on the nests, while the hens go to feed. Towards 9 o’clock the hens return, and throughout the morning both birds may usually be seen on the nest. During the breeding season the cock birds are extremely pugnacious, and will attack anything approaching the vicinity of the nest. This results in some exciting scenes frequently being witnessed. The majority of the nests are very close together, and in passing between these to and from the water the birds are ruthlessly attacked by the cocks. Curiously enough, the birds never interfere with Swan and nest Swan eggs and nest February, 1910 The only safe way to carry a swan one another’s nest, but the moment any bird ventures to pass a nest it is at once pounced upon by the cocks. Seme of the birds solve the difficulty by using their wings and flying from the nests to the water. Although they are not fed, the swans at Abbotsbury are very tame. One can walk among the nests, and though it may result in the cocks violently hissing at the intruder, little alarm is exhibited. The fact is the swan is not by any means so formidable an antagonist as people often sup- pose. Though he will bite, his bill is too soft to inflict a wound. His principal weapon is his wing, with which he strikes out vigorously at any fancied foe. Wonderful tales have been told of injuries inflicted by such blows, and, indeed, a former keeper of the Abbotsbury swans had some ribs broken on one occasion by an infuriated male bird. Provided you know how, it is an easy business to master a swan. Novices usually seize the bird by the neck, but this is a great mistake, as it leaves the bird’s wings at liberty to inflict a blow. The right method of mastering a swan is to seize it by the wing and pull the bird towards AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 71 Swan defending its nest against a keeper you. Under such conditions it is quite helpless, and can be led about without difficulty. It might be supposed that the four hundred odd nests at the Abbotsbury Swannery, each containing on an average six eggs, of which four or five are hatched, would result in an enormous annual increase in the number of the birds. As a matter of fact, the keepers consider themselves for- tunate if they succeed in rearing a hundred young birds each season. The little ones are killed by the bigger birds by the score. About the second day after leaving the shell the young cygnets make their way, under the guardianship of the parent birds, to the water’s edge, but only a small proportion manage to make the journey. They are ruth- lessly massacred on the way by the bigger birds, who actu- ally lie in wait for them. Every season a number of swans are sold to owners of ornamental waters, the prices real- ized ranging from $5 to $20 per bird. The beautiful white plumage, fine proportions, and dignified bearing of the mute swan make it an ideal inhabitant for lakes and streams. An American Forestry Behl By Day Allen Willey oi NE of the Eastern States t6° which forestry e¥ is of really vital importance is Pennsyl- vania, for the reason that such a large revenue has been secured from its timber interests. Only ten million acres of its area has thus far been devoted to agri- culture, the lumbering industry being very extensive over the balance of the State on account of the forest growth. In Pennsylvania, as well as other States, the lumber industry has been accompanied with great waste owing to the crude methods employed—the large quantity of valuable stumpage being left, young trees broken down in felling larger ones, while the practice of “skinning” the forests or cutting down the most valuable trees regardless of the destruction to the young growth has in itself caused a great loss. Several large railroad companies obtain much of their timber from the State, especially the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which has introduced a forestry system on its own lands that has resulted in much practical benefit. The most notable movement, however, is one which has been taken up by the State authorities in the creation of the only undergraduate forest school between Michigan and Maine. The school has been planned on a very broad scale and is intended not only to educate those who attend it in every branch of forestry, but to-conserve this most important re- source so that the timber supply of the State will be per- manent. The institution itself is located in Center County, where an excellent opportunity is provided for a study of the various branches, but in addition the students are sent to various portions of the State as well as out of Pennsyl- vania for additional study and practice. The State Col- lege, as it is termed, gives special attention to field work in addition to the routine of the class room and lecture room. In connection with the earlier courses in forestry the men are taken into the field, where they study each kind of tree, its form, its bark, leaves, buds, and flowers, until they are perfectly familiar with the trees and the material with which they will work. Following this they carry on during the fall season the work of collecting the fruit and seeds of various trees and their storage, dry in bags or buried in moist sand. In the spring the seeds are taken and planted in forest nurseries, the students doing the actual work of planting and cultivation. Numerous trips are made in the vicinity of the college to study natural reproduction of the 72 forest. Near by is a State reserve of several thousand acres, and the State For- estry Reservation Commis- sion has given the college an annual privilege of go- ing upon this reserve for study and demonstration in forestry. There is no other forest school in the coun- try that has so large a tract of wild land so near at hand and so available for study at all times. Last year one of the advanced classes made a topographi- cal sketch of a large gap in the hills which supplied the college with water, and fol- lowed this with a forest map, showing the nature and amount of timber growth, and from notes taken in the field worked out a plan for the future management of the water- sheds At the »State College the course of training includes not only preparation for forestry in the East, but forestry in the West. As an illustra- tion, the students are even instructed in the use of pack animals, which are so much de- pended upon in the great national forests, where the only route may be a pony trail. The course of instruc- tion includes the care and use of ponies and mules, the methods of loading them, Pack trains are fitted out, and the students make expeditions as they would in the Rocky Mountain region or on the Pacific Coast. also riding. the junior year are spent in camping upon some large wood lot in the State, where the boys get very practical training in camp life; in the estimat- ing of timber and _ its actual measurement by various methods; rapid sketching and mapping of forest areas and in study of tree growth by analysis of tree trunks. From the data obtained invethe ieldiea maprais made and a plan drawn up for the correct man- agement of the wood lot. There are many _ loca- tions in Pennsylvania which are admirable for field work because with- in a small area may be a large number of vari- eties of trees forming a miscellaneous growth. An opportunity is also given the stu- dents to investigate the different varieties of soil, the extent AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Forestry students studying structure of commercial timber and methods of identification Students learning packing chief Two weeks at the Operations on sample trees in wood-lot to determine average rate of growth for every decade espe nce of animals for mountain transportation under packmaster, U. S. Army end of February, 1910 great value in connection with their future vocation. During the last year the members of the graduating class are put through a very rigid test, being re- quired to spend at least four weeks in some forest region either in Pennsyl- vania or other States. They are sent to a lum- ber camp where they make a study of lumbering as as- sociated with forestry. This month in the lumber woods is taken as a part of a course in lumbering in which each operation from the log in the tree to the fin- ished product is thoroughly discussed. The men are pro- vided with an outline to aid them in their studies, and will prepare a complete report on the lumbering operation which gate. They are placed during the summer _ vacations where they will get the most practical ex- perience in forestry. To get the men in touch with practical forestry as it is being ‘carried on by private individuals _ through- out the State, and in its various forest nur- series, as well as the work of manufactur- they investi- also ing companies who put out tools and equipment used by the forester, one or more trips are made each year by the juniors and seniors, and it is planned to increase in so far as possible the usefulness of these trips. The students have visited various plantings of locust made by the _ Pennsylvania Railroad along its lines between Harrisburg and Philadelphia. In these plantations they studied the injury done by the locust borer and by mice, and have learned that the locust was not a tree of value for general planting throughout the State. At Pottsville, the forestry work carried on over the Stephen Girard estate has been carefully studied. On this estate extensive planting has been done, but without the best results, because of injury from fire. Stone walls have been built and fire lanes or roads estab- lished, which are as good an example of this method of preventing fire as can be found in the country. ‘The advanced students have of the watershed, and to obtain other data which will be of made trips through the southeastern portion of the State AMERICAN February, 1910 visiting the large forest nursery of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Morrisville, which has been established by the Pennsylvania Railroad. This is re- ported to be the finest forest nursery in the United States. It had a million and a half of red oak seedlings grown from _ acorns which were set out in the spring of 1909. Industries associated with forestry, such as works showing the way in which wire rope and cable are used in logging operations, have been visited and where the students were able to see the ‘making of all classes of saws from the crude material to the finished product. ‘This brief outline gives an idea of the broad and comprehensive scope of the instruction as carried out at this institution, but the opportunities for the graduates are such that the school authorities consider the work well worth while. There is such a constantly increas- ing demand for the trained foresters that it is much greater than the number who now graduate, while the salaries offered make it an inducement to a young man to take it The college continually has requests from large lum- up. ber companies throughout the country for graduates and sometimes _under- graduates. The United States For- est Service is also another source of employment, and this institution has already sent quite a large number into the national forests in Montana and other States. In fact, the demand for graduates is assum- ing such proportions that expert forestry will undoubtedly be- come a_ vocation which will give many thousands em- ployment, and the results at the Penn- sylvania institution prove that similar schools estab- lished in other parts of the coun- try will be of far- reaching _ benefit in solving the problem of con- serving the na- tional wood- lands. At the head of the State College is Dr. Hugh P. Baker, a gradu- ate of the Yale Forest School, Work with transverse plane table in rapid measurement and sketching of forest types and areas Small plants used for teaching principles of treatment of timber with creosote HOMES AND GARDENS 73 who was also con- nected for _ several years with the United States Forest Service. The State authorities have provided Dr. Baker with a staff of experts so that, as al- ready noted, not only instruction but field work has been pro- vided in literally every detail which concerns this subject. In Pennsylvania, for- estry is taken up in connection with the work of the agricultural and mechani- cal departments of the State University, as it is believed this is the best method, As forestry is a production of a crop from the soil, in a sense it is agriculture, and because the utilization of the crop demands considerable knowl- edge of engineering, the instructors are able to give the students work in the departments of civil, mechanical, and mining engineering—just the kind of employment that they need. Consequently the work is closely connected with the vocation of the farmer, and the one who completes the course of study with the view of becoming an agriculturist is in a position to get the most and best of his woodland and to make it a permanent resource. It may be added that the length of this course is four years, the first two years of which are devoted largely to foundation princi- ples, which are ab- solutely necessary to the proper train- ing of the forester. Beginning with the third year they take the men and give them two solid years of training along forestry and closely related lines. In connection with the actual forestry work the students take such subjects as fish and game preservation, dis- eases of trees, roads and trails, elemen- tary irrigation en- gineering, ele- ments of mining, in which they are taught in an ele- mentary way the mining of various minerals, the timb- ering of mines and the laying out of mining claims. The students are also given a practi- cal course in timber testing in their me- chanical engineer- ing department 74 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 The house is built of red brick laid in Flemish bond with white mortar joints The Residence of Robert Holt, Esq., at Summit, New Jersey By Paul Thurston E, home of, Robert Holt, Esq., at Summit, New Jersey, is an agreeable combination of stone and brick, designed in the Colo- nial style with carefully studied detail. i The front entrance-way, covered with a 4) Colonial porch, and the whole surmounted by a pediment supported on Ionic pilas- ters, forms the principal feature of the exterior. The swell bay-windows on either side of the entrance are also notable. The underpinning is built of rock-faced stone laid up at random; the terrace wall is constructed of a similar stone. ‘The exterior walls of the building are built of wash- brick, with black headers laid in white mortar. The quoins at the corners are of puff brick. ‘The trimmings are of white pine, painted white. The roof is covered with shingles, and is left to weather finish naturally. The entrance is into a broad, central hall, which ex- tends through the entire depth of the house. It is trimmed with white pine, and is treated with white enamel paint. It has a low Colonial wainscoting, and a massive wooden cornice. ‘The archway, which separates the stairs from the hall proper, is very graceful in form. ‘The staircase is of handsome design with ornamental balusters and a newel post formed of a cluster of the same, from which sweeps the mahogany hand rail. To the left of the entrance is the parlor, which is treated in white, and contains a brick fireplace with the facings and a hearth of brick and a Colonial mantel. The library is a handsome room, and is trimmed with oak. It has a book-case built in, and also in the circular form of the two corners of the room. The fireplace is re- oy | cessed into a niche, with brick facings and hearth, and a mantel with a pilaster effect. The remainder of the wide walls not covered with book-cases is wainscoted in panels. The ceiling has massive beams forming squares and deep panels. To the right of the entrance is the dining-room, which is treated in the Colonial style, with paneled wainscoting, ceiling beams, and an open fireplace and mantel. ‘The butler’s pantry is unusual in dimensions, and contains a butler’s sink, a broad counter shelf, drawers, dressers, etc. The kitchen is fitted with a range and hearth, ice-box room, store pantry, and a large servants’ hall, which has now come to be the popular adjunct to the best well-regulated houses. These apartments are fitted with all the best modern conveniences. The rear hall contains the stairs to the cellar and to the second story, and also has an elevator rising from the cel- lar to the third floor. The second story is trimmed with old Colonial trim in white pine, and is treated with white enamel paint. This floor contains five bedrooms and two bathrooms; the lat- ter is treated with white enamel, and contains porcelain fixtures and exposed nickle-plated plumbing. This floor also contains three servants’ bedrooms and a servants’ bath- room. On the third floor are four bedrooms and a bathroom. A cemented cellar contains the heating apparatus, laun- dry, fuel rooms, cold storage rooms, etc. Messrs. Rossiter and Wright, who were the architects of this delightful house, have demonstrated their ability by designing a house which from every point of view is ideal in its exterior design and in its interior arrangement of February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | 7 Ur the various rooms. A feature of the general = scheme of the house is its delightful simplicity 7 worked out with excellent proportions and | effects. The gambrel roof is also designed with good lines, and the whole is surmounted : | with massive red brick chimneys which a add an architectural feature to the whole SLASAN TE Loort G42 . . | Bary. va) Lo general scheme of the building. | Bere oor oe . . . ! 4 The heuse is thoroughly equipped with every possible improvement to be found 4 eas fan ¥ At doer Yall. ® str van7s Woot. ! [2712 5 | Ler Roors 1X 23-6 NII | The second floor plan YITCHEN 1 X2/ in a well-regulated house, and all of the appointments are of the best of their re- spective kind. The stable is built in harmony with the house, and it is constructed with a wooden frame work on which is placed metal Jath covered with a cement stucco of a dull gray color. The trimmings are painted oe Il mali aa white, to match the trim of the house. The first floor plan ONO The building rests on foundations of rock- “Dining Poort 78x23 TERRACE. A terrace passing along the front connects the two porches and permits the light to enter the interior rooms 76 faced stone laid in cement mortar. The roof is covered with shingles, which are left to finish in their natural silvery-gray color. This stable is built on the side of the hill which slopes down from the point on which the main house is built, and thereby forms an extra story to the build- ing, which is de- voted to the coach- man’s quarters, con- sisting of a living- room, two _ bed- rooms and _ bath- room. The re- mainder of this floor contains the hay loft, feed-room storage-room, etc. The entire main floor is devoted to the carriage room and stable, both of which are ceiled up with narrow beaded North ~ Carolina pine and then fin- ished in a natural state with hard oil. The carriage-room contains — sufficient room for a large Mum ber Of Car riages, and also a large well-fitted-up harness closet. The stable has box-stalls and single _ stalls, and is fitted with ornamental iron fixtures, etc. The knoll upon which the house is built overlooks the valley below, beyond which are the Morristown hills. A broad roadway sweeps in from each corner of the estate AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The stable is built of stucco February, 1910 to the_ entrance, which is built at the front of the house and in the center of the building. Masses of grow- ing shrubs and plants have been set out at the entrance ways, and the en- tire property has been laid out and built after the plans of a_ landscape architect. This road- way extends along one side of the house to the stable, which is built at one side of the prop- erty. A formal garden is built at the rear of the house and on an axis with the liv- ing porch at the west side of the building, from which a broad and extended vista is ob- tained of the gar- den. This garden is laid out in a geo- metrical form, with an attractive little pool in the center of it, from which the walks radiate. The various squares formed by these walks are planted with a variety of annuals and peren- nials, and in such a manner that there is a continual bloom of flowering plants and shrubs from early spring till late in the autumn which are a continual delight to the eye. The charm of the whole scheme is to show what can be done to assist nature in the beautifying of an estate. February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 77 Furnishing the Flat By Lillian Hamilton French II—THE DRAWING ROOM CEIMRGQHE difficulty of preserving the dignities of a here it may be well to insist upon a point around which ey) 2 flat in its furnishing has been touched the whole question of decoration revolves. One must iil upon in a preceding chapter. It is an art learn to eliminate, ruthlessly discarding a color, perhaps EaNN in itself. The success with which it has beautiful in itself, but out of key, and to do the same thing sometimes been accomplished is best with objects ancestral or otherwise, which have no place proved by a study of what has been done in given environments. If these special objects are of in certain directions. primary importance, prepare a place for them. But make Take, for example, the drawing-room, Figs. 2 and 3, in up your mind before you begin to furnish, just what your which the chintz hangings are shown. The whole aim of house is to stand for, and keep that purpose always in the householder has been to maintain the air of a salon, or view. If you mean to go on growing, knowing that as an room set apart for the reception and en- tertainment of guests. No signs of household occupations, as distin- guished from those of relaxation, are per- mitted to appear. There being no chil- dren in the family, this has been an_ easier matter than it would have been had the re- quirements of a troup of romping boys and girls been considered. Yet even where chil- dren are found, the duty of the woman with any social connec- tions should be to keep intact the pur- pose of the drawing- room, an_ obligation too often ignored! To enter this par- ticular room gives one a distinct pleasure. It conveys the same sense of coolness and re- freshment as that in- spired by a country house in summer, a sense especially de- lightful when one has to come in from either the dust or the snow of city streets. The follow it who is willing to sacrifice personal idiosyn- Fig. |—The Colonial mantel shows a simple treatment embryo collector, for instance, you must ar- range a setting for fu- ture acquisitions, de- sign your rooms for these, but don’t con- found purposes. Here is the secret of all suc- cessful interiors. The woodwork of this drawing-room is gray-white, the walls are covered with a gray - white French paper with a conven- tional but unobtrusive design. The white ground of the chintz is covered with flow- ers. The same ma- terial is hung at the wWimdow Ss) with a striped white lace against the _ panes. Outside, even in win- ter, boxes are filled with green. The deep red velvet of the fill- ing cost $2.00 a yard. Now this arrangement brings, as it should, all the strong color of the room to one level, as it were, for like nature itself, a room in its color scheme should be built up from _be- simple. Anyone can low. As the earth and tree trunks are darker than the foliage which carries the eye on to the light above, so the crasies in order to fulfil given requirements. And just lower part of a room should be darker than its upper part. 78 AMERICAN HOMES Fig. 2—Anyone can follow out this simple treatment of a drawing-room This is why the ceiling should be lighter than the floor, otherwise it seems like something settling down on your head, instead of a something that carries the eye agreeably away. It will be noticed that the pictures on the wall are not ponderous, but preserve the general air of the room’s airy quality. ‘The mantelpiece, though crowded, is prop- erly balanced with its uprights of candlesticks, and the crowding is done with tact, being obviously a collection of Dresden china, not a massing of conglomerate objects. The drawing-room shown in Fig. 4 belongs to the same apartment house, and has therefore the same dimensions. The object of presenting the two is to illustrate a point too often ignored: that, given the same dimensions and out- look, no two interiors need be alike. To try and make them so is one of our most grievous mis- takes as a people. The charm of a French room once extolled, everyone tries to copy it. So it has been with “cosy corners” and “‘fish net hangings”’ and no end of other things. ‘Too close imitations of what another person has done only produces the conventional, as when one buys so-called suits of furni- ture and thinks the work of furnishing accomplished. The rights of individu- ality should be exercised, even when suggestions are taken from others. The chintz on this furniture is used only as a summer covering, and costs 28 cents a yard. It shows red and gray- white chrysanthemums on a_ white ground, the gray-white predominating. The design was chosen not only because the green of the leaves suggested cool- ness in summer, but because the wall coverings and hangings are green. There is a green burlap on the wall, making a good background for pictures and books. The window curtains, of green denim, cost 16 cents a yard, and are washed year after year. The thin curtains, of white muslin with a wreath of green vines, cost 11%4 cents a yard. AND GARDENS Though this drawing-room has a greater number of objects brought into it, the same laws of elimination have been observed. Thus no color is permitted which would destroy the scheme of green and white, lightened by the brass of and- irons and hanging lamps. The red of the chrysanthemums is subordinated to the green, and becomes only a cheery note. The white ground of the chintz is repeated in the white ground of the curtain, the green vines of which are the green of the rubber tree. These relationships should never be ignored. The large, winged chair can be had for $14.50 to $35 in the linen. The _ pur- chaser is advised to study his own comfort in making a selection. William Morris has been quoted as saying that every chair should be built according to each man’s separate anatomy. ‘That not being pos- sible, the value of soft chair-cushions, for elbows and backs, cannot be too strongly insisted upon. No two people sit in the same way, and when a hostess offers an easy-chair she should also provide that which would make it adaptable to people of various sizes and proportion. These winged chairs come also in willow, costing $8.00, and can be stained any color for $2.00 extra. When cushioned, they are charm- ing. The cane sofa costs from $40 to $50. The plaster casts here shown are very cheap, costing from 50 cents to a dollar. In this instance they are toned to a soft dull yellow, so as not to make them too obtru- sive against the green of the walls. Over the top of the mirror, however, the plaster cast has been left for Time’s staining, as no background had to be considered. The staining process is done in this way: A little beeswax is soaked in turpentine until it becomes soft enough to apply with a camel’s hair brush. Then a small portion of burnt umber is mixed into it. The polishing is done with an old silk handkerchief, until the cast looks like dull ivory. When February, 1910 Fig. 3—A large-flowered chintz is used for the furniture coverings and at the windows February, 1910 ‘ll ll Fig. 4—A room identical with that shown in Fig. 3, but differently treated and furnished the cast is from a good model, the labor expended is worth while. Among fire-lovers, Franklin stoves like the one shown in this drawing-room have been cherished through every change of fashion. They are now eagerly sought for, as they throw out a greater heat than the grate. ‘Their brass trimmings, too, take up, in an indescribable way, the play ot the flames, and add infinite charm to the fireplace. The size of this drawing-room has made it necessary to push the Franklin back into the chimney opening, but drawn into the room, with a brass kettle on top, the Franklin becomes even more delightful. In country places these can be picked up for six and eight dollars. In New York they sell for twenty-five. It is quite possible to arrange them in a room provided with no mantelpiece, or even in one with gas logs, the logs being removed and the opening utilized for the pipes. ’ a * 4: H i Ay ’ Pere et Fig. 6—A door opened and protected with a curtain AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 79 Fig. 5—All the wall space in the study is well used For the same reason that the two above-mentioned draw- ing-rooms have been shown, two other corners in the same apartment house are here given. One shows the door opening into a small study (Fig. 6); the other shows the corresponding door as closed (Fig. 7), and covered with book-shelves. A divan is drawn close to the shelves, bringing the books within ready reach of the hand. Such proximity to one’s books is always delightful, and much to be recommended. A rug is used as covering. In the second illustration the door is left open and pro- tected by a curtain, which, when not in use, is looped back on one of those old-fashioned brass discs now so much sought after. They are to be found in antique shops, and sometimes in garrets. This one cost a dollar and a half. As it repeats the brass tones everywhere visible in the two rooms, it 1s much more effective than the ordinary hook and curtain band. Just inside the door a mirror hangs over Fig. 7—A similar door closed and covered with book shelves 80 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS low book-shelves. Its purpose is distinct. It gives a sense of size to the room, and repeats many agreeable objects, even when looked at from an angle. If one uses mirrors, nothing is more important than the study of their reflec- tions. This one when framed cost $7. The small study (Fig. 5) where it hangs is only seven by eight feet, and illustrates what can be done in a limited space by an arrangement of furniture. The divan runs the entire length of the room, with the desk against the opposite wall, which is broken by the door. In front of the window is a table for odd books, and at least 200 volumes fill the shelves. I must claim the credit of having given, many years ago, the first idea of a divan with springs, and provided with a box for dresses underneath. Before then, divans were made of upright wooden pieces finished with broad linen bands to hold a mattress. ‘They were most uncomfort- February, 1910 able. The boxspring of the bed gave me the idea for these, and if one cannot afford a divan with a box, one can always get a boxspring and nail small blocks of wood un- derneath not only to keep the dust away, but to bring the seat up to the required height. I find sixteen inches the most comfortable when seated. ‘This divan cost $18 un- covered. Separate padded ends and backs were ordered extra, for the sake of comfort. These come only to the level of the divan, which can then be pulled out from under- neath. ‘They are secured by strong upright iron strips about an inch wide, and twenty inches long, pierced with holes through which the strips are screwed to the base- board. No other support is necessary. In ordering these padded sides and back, one must study the head level, so that in leaning back, one’s neck is at ease. I hope to take up the treatment of the dining-room in the next issue of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS. Hints for the Household By George E. Walsh N OUTDOOR stove, either for home or camping use, can be quickly and conveni- ently made with an old barrel and a little cement or even with wet clay. Put the barrel on the ground and cover it with wet cement, except for one end, and a place through which a piece of stove-pipe is inserted. Give the cement two days in which to harden, and then fill the barrel with kindlings and start a fire. The barrel will burn up, and leave a stout shell of cement as a good stove for future use. Campers sometimes em- ploy this method by burying the barrel in a clay bank, and using the clay for the stove. If the clay is of the right consistency, it will bake hard and make a perfect stove. Not many may appreciate the fact that an excellent winter plant for pots is furnished whenever we purchase a pineapple at the grocery. Select a fruit with a good top, one with the prickly stalk leaves well developed and not rotten or broken. Cut this top off about one inch down in the fruit, and plant it in a pot of rich soil. If moisture and heat are then liberally supplied, the top will thrive and spread out a head of leaves like a big cactus plant. Such a plant, carefully cultivated, will within a few months present not only an odd but very handsome sight. It is particularly suitable for hanging baskets and rustic boxes, along with trailing vines and foliage plants. A great many people press flowers and autumn leaves to keep, and others have adopted with success the trick of dipping them in white paraffine and then pressing them with a hot iron. The preservation of ferns in this way is even more satisfying. If large stalks of ferns are gathered fresh from the swamps and woods late in the season, and dipped in melted paraffine, they will keep indefinitely. They make excellent ornaments then for vases and mantel- pieces. They must be thoroughly dipped, however, stalk and fronds, for the secret of the process consists in ex- cluding the air entirely. If properly treated, the paraffine will not show, and there is no suggestion of ‘‘waxed flowers.” One of the best uses to which pressed and paraffined autumn leaves can be put is to make ornamental picture or photograph frames of them. Make flat, square frames of pine wood, and glue the autumn leaves on the sides. Pretty effects are easily obtained with a variety of leaves. To give a rustic effect to the whole frame, nail on the outside and inside unpeeled sticks from the woods. Al- most any kind of straight green wood will answer the pur- pose, and even if a few knots and short branches are left, no harm will be done. When finished, the whole frame should be gone over with two coats of white shellac. This will exclude the air and tend to preserve the color of the green wood. ‘The shellac must be applied on all sides of the frame, back, front and sides, or else the air will get inside and spoil the work. A use for old newspapers not well known is to use them for filling cracks, crevices and openings in old floors or around the base of a room otherwise quite airtight. Take some newspapers and tear them up into small pieces, and boil them in water until reduced to a pulp. When thus softened, add a little white glue that has been previously melted. Stir thoroughly, and then permit the mixture to cool. While still soft and pliable, fill floor cracks and holes with the paper pulp, and as it dries and hardens, smooth off evenly. When the paper pulp has dried and hardened, it will take paint and stain well. A floor can thus be tightened up, and when painted and stained it will appear a hundred per cent. better. Where the wall base does not join evenly with the floor, fill in the cracks with the same material. This will make cold and draughty floors comfortable. A waterproof canvas for covering articles placed outdoors is a fine thing to have around. Ordinary canvas coverings are far from being waterproof. When the rain has had time to soak in them, they will leak steadily. If such a canvas, old or new, light or heavy, is treated with paraffine and gasolene, it will be rendered absolutely waterproof. Melt parafine in a kettle until near the boiling point. Then mix twice the quantity of gasolene with it, taking it away from the stove, of course, before adding the gaso- lene, and after a good stirring apply vigorously with a paint brush. When nearly dry, run over the canvas with a warm iron, so that the paraffine will soak into the fibers of the cloth. Such a treated canvas will not be sticky or oily, and only slightly stiffer and heavier than the untreated. It is so waterproof that it can be laid in water without absorbing any of it. Boat covers of ordinary canvas or sailcloth are treated in this way for general use in rainy weather. February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi Problems in Home Furnishing By Alice M. Kellogg Author of “Home Fumishing: Practical and Artistic.” FLOOR COVERINGS FOR A NEW HOUSE ROM a reader in South Carolina, G. F. D., comes a question that is almost impossible to answer in any specific way, as only general conditions are men- tioned in the letter: “What kind of floor coverings shall I use in my new home, which is now nearly ready for occupancy? There is the entire hall throughout, with stairs and landings. Then there is the en- trance hall and living-room, the dining- room and den on the first floor. Upstairs there are four bedrooms on the second floor, with two bathrooms and two bed- rooms on the third floor for servants. I understand that the Oriental rugs are the best, as they wear the longest. Would you advise these rugs all over the house?” Oriental rugs are undoubtedly very ser- viceable as to wear, but there are other hand-tufted rugs made in Ireland and Scot- land that deserve the same praise. The cost of an Oriental rug may put it entirely out of reach, as one should reckon from ten dollars a square yard upwards, according to the quality, design and coloring. As the entrance hall has usually the maximum wear, the Oriental rugs may be selected for this position, in such sizes as suit the spaces, leaving an even margin of the flooring around the edges. Oftentimes the hall is so irregular as to its floor lines that it is really better to use several small rugs, re- versing this rule for the other parts of the house. In the living-room, whatever amount may be expended for the floor covering should be put into one large rug if the greatest amount of comfort is desired. If necessary, a carpet may be made into a rug, with or without a border, choosing a pattern that makes up well in the proper shape. For the dining-room there are a number of domestic rugs that can be had in Brus- sels, Wilton, Axminster and woollen mix- tures. One of the recent achievements in a low-cost rug for the dining-room is a Chi- nese motive that suggests an interesting color scheme of yellows and blues in the wall hangings and curtains. In carpeting the stairs, it should be re- membered that a plain carpet of dark hue will need a careful attention with the broom to keep it in condition, while neutral colors or mixed shades prove less exacting for the housekeeper. Often the guide to the stair carpet is the covering on the wall, as it is in such close proximity. In the bedrooms where single beds are used, a large rug is sometimes the best ~ CORRESPONDENCE © The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and fumishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by returm postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. choice, as a small bed can be easily moved on cleaning days. With a heavy double bed the spaces of the floor may be fitted with rugs, laid so that only a minimum amount of wood is left bare. The import- ance of wise selections in the floor cover- ings is urged on this correspondent, as they will be the most enduring of the furnishings in the new home. A safe rule is to make the rug the starting point for the color scheme, bringing the wall-papers and other accessories into harmony with it. WHAT TO USE FOR A LOUNGE SPREAD “In my sitting-room,” writes a college girl, “I have a wide, comfortable divan (really a cot with a thick hair mattress), which I make up for an extra bed when my sister visits me. But usually this divan has a lounge cover in tan colors, like the tones of the wall. My difficulty is to find a warm spread to keep on the outside that will not look like a bedspread and yet that will be of use for an extra covering when the cot is made up for sleeping. Most of the girls here use the Italian blankets for this pur- pose, but the colors are too glaring for my room, and they are not warm enough. Have you a suggestion for my problem?’—F. IDES The best kind of a spread for the double need of this room is one of the Scotch tra- veiling rugs in browns and olive greens. Those of pure wool are quite expensive, but their wearing qualities make them worth paying the seemingly large outlay. Then, too, they are lighter and warmer than those made of mixed materials. Such a rug can be used with a steamer chair out- of-doors or on a sleeping porch, for driving or motoring, or for travels abroad. PICTURES FOR AN ENTRANCE HALL Rather an unusual request comes this month from a subscriber in the West, who wishes to make the entrance hall in her home more attractive. “The hallway in our home is rather of the old-fashioned type, neither large enough for a reception room, nor small enough to be merely a passage- way. The wall spaces are noticeably bare and plain. I have just had a new paper put on that is a success so far as a pleasant tone is concerned, but it has hardly any de- fined pattern. Could I improve the appear- ance of the walls by adding pictures? I do not care for the carbon copies of celebrated paintings, but I cannot think of anything else. I would prefer colors, but cannot afford either oil or water-color paintings.” —A_Philadelphian. Some of the German colored prints, cost- ing about thirty-five dollars, are wonder- fully effective in idea and boldness of color effect. If these cost too much, the colored prints by Jules Guerin are interesting. These cost five dollars each. One of the best is the artist’s conception of Independ- ence Hall, which might appeal to this reader. Another good one is the Library at Washington. ‘There is also a series of French chateaux, and of these the most at- tractive are Luynes and Amboise. WALL-PAPER TO IMITATE WOOD VENEER “T have heard that there is a wall-paper made to look like old oak, and if I could find this it would help me to carry out an idea I have for my dining-room. I have some good old blue china that I have kept in a closet, as it is too old for use, and I have no place to show it. Many of the pieces are rather small in size, and my plan is to run a plate shelf around the room, in line with the top of the mantel shelf, which is five feet six inches from the floor. Instead of filling in the space below the shelf with burlap or fabric, I would like this paper that looks like oak. What do you think of this? And what is the cost per roll of the paper?”—R. T., New Jersey. The oak veneer paper comes in dull tones of brown that look well as a wainscot. The price of an eight-yard roll of the usual eigh- teen-inch width is $1.50. The tones of this paper are very different from the old-style grained oak, and the effect on the wall is refined. It is an excellent substitute for the real thing. CHOCOLATE SET “With my intimate friends I have found that afternoon chocolate was more popular than tea. The chocolate cups I find in the department stores, however, are so small that I have been using my tea cups. Now I want to buy a pretty chocolate pot and bowl for whipped cream. What shall I get?’—A Bride. The chocolate cup now in use is the Em- pire shape, tall and straight, with the handle projecting above the rim. While this is of fairly good size, it is not as graceful as a tea cup, nor as practical. The tea cup that is used for afternon tea could also be used for afternoon chocolate. A set of six or more could be selected among designs showing garden flowers, pinks, roses, daisies, corn flowers, roses and violets, to give a little sentiment to the set, and the chocolate pot may be of English china in ivory-white, with a gold handle and narrow edge of gold around the top. A silver por- ringer would be a quaint holder for the whipped cream, and an old Dutch spoon may be used for a ladle. Possibly the lat- ter articles may have been among the wed- ding presents. xi AMERICAN HOMES AND "GARD Eis OUR own individual rug, different from all other rugs, and in a high class wool fabric adapted to : TH READ your own decorations. If the rugs in “AND ' stock colors do not suit your require- THRUM ments, we will make one that will, either plain, self-tone or contrast. All sizes up to twelve feet wide, any length. Seamless, wool weft, reversible, heavy and durable. Sold by best shops, or wiite for color line and price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE & Co., NEW YORK, THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP AUBURN, N. Y. “ YOU CHOOSE THE COLORS, WE’LL (1 KE THE RUG,” Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO & MAIO LN, SF SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- (aaa Wedlim OCS A CAE RE entilating Rooms. Pure Air, h Good Health and Rest Assured. i Came Venti Locks in Genuin: illu i hy Seng ic ce: OD per Finish will be mailed to | ine any address prepaid for One ae Dollar. Will include a forty |} page Hardware Catalogue and fi} Working Model to carpenters | who wish the agency to can The H. B. Ives Go, Ss "evs" To introduce this article, Four | PATENTED vass for its sale. Address $4 Take off your Hat cA yf A SR ERS oe IF.E. Myers & Bro. BaD Wt j IN Vv B Ashland, Ohio HAY _Siuscus TOOLS Biuinrs WIZARG me Zim Ooheep Manure 4 Kiln dried and pulverized, No weeds or bad odora Helps nature hustle. For garden ala~n, tress, shrubs, fruits and hous clants $4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order e Delivered to your Freight Station Apply now. The Pulverized Manure Co..20Unton Stock Yards, Chicago. EUGENE PITOU, Jr. CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY NEW YORK Telephone, 6084 Barclay Sensation—123 bus. per acre. Nothing like it OA ; S Also SEED CORN. Samples and catalog free. Theo. Burt & Sons, Melrose, 0. vo ceeure FOAMUINCAME durable effects in Anrismie WOOD FINISHES S wood-finishing use %& Send for Free Booklet, edition AH -2 S. C. JOHNSON & SON, “The Wood- Finishing Authorities’ RACINE, WIS. BURLINGTO Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood, any finish to match trim. February, 1910 Venetian and Sliding SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows Open. Darkness and breezes Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood, any finish. in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.. 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 100 Landscape Plans for Amateurs MOST helpful book to assist you in ma- yn king your home surroundings artistic and beautiful. It will save you expense and many disappointments. Our Landscape Departinent has used these plans with great stecess in laying out gardens, both large and small. With the plans we send ‘‘Landscape Gardening for Amateurs,’’ a book of instruc- tions and suggestions, beautifully illustrated. Contains principles of correct landscape garden- FREE—Catalog of Hardy Plants, Shrubs, Trees, etc. ing, styles of gardens, verandas and window boxes, public and private grounds, vines, bed- ding plants, hardy plants, shrubs, trees, hedges, etc., all fully illustrated and described so that you too can be sure of success. Plans and book mailed postpaid for 50c, which will be credited to you on any future erder of $5 or over. Send today and we shall also be glad to give you individual advice and help. Our Landscape Department is at our patrons’ service FREE. Wagner Park Conservatories Box 460, Sidney, O. Florists — Nurserymen Landscape Gardeners Here you have the perfect home for your poultry—a convenient, protected place for Biddy and her chicks, or a safe and sanitary Poultry Home for a flock of 10 or 12. Damp-proof and draught-tight—necessary conditions for handling poultry successfully are found in Hodgson Poultry Houses and Brooders All parts made in sections convenient to handle for putting Note the lower illustration—15 in a row. rc up or taking down in a short time. These houses are so popular, poultrymen buy them by the dozen. Just the house for a dozen hens—an ornament to any gentleman’s place, Complete with feed trough, cave fountain, roosts, nests. Easily cleaned, adjustable ventilator. Putin your hens and let them thrive. Send for our catalogue of Poultry Houses, Brooder Houses—everything for the live hen. E. F. HODGSON CO., 118 Washington St. : BOSTON, MASS. February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii me ee ee ee _——_ ee er men UEN NOTES CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DOWNING LAY TERRACE BANKS RETAINING wall of masonry is al- A ways the best way to support a ter- race, but it is often too costly, and a sloping bank of earth must be used in- stead. ‘Lhe sloping bank takes up more room than a wall, because an earth bank should not be on a steeper slope than “two to one”; that is, rising one toot in a dis- tance of two feet. The wall, of course, can be perpendicular. It is a problem to plant a terrace bank. Grass, of course, is the obvious thing, but it is difficult to cut on such a steep slope, and its direct exposure to the sun and the lack of moisture makes it dry up more quickly than the rest of the lawn in a drought. If grass must be used, the soil should be care- fully prepared. It is seldom that enough good soil is put on a terrace bank; it should be at least a foot thick, and eighteen inches would Le better. It is hard to seed a terrace bank, because the first rain will wash all the seed or the young seedlings to the bottom, and perhaps gully it so badly that the work has to be done over again. Sometimes a steep bank can be seeded by muxing the seed with fresh cow manure and plastering it on the bank about an inch thick. This will harden and stay on the bank until the grass is started, but the grass will not grow well if the soil underneath is poor. Sodding can be done, but is expensive, and the sods must be pegged to keep them from slipping. Good deep soil underneath is just as necessary, whether seeding or sodding. There are other things which will grow better than grass on a steep bank exposed to the sun, and which are less care. The memorial rose (Rosa wichuriana) will grow well in such a place. It seems not to suffer from drought, it will grow in poor, sandy soil, and is beautiful when in flower. The foliage is always good, and its green stems are better to look at in winter than dried grass. Moss pink (Phlox subulata) is another hardy plant which simulates grass more closely than the memorial rose, and is just as handsome when in bloom. It makes a dense carpet two or three inches thick. Lemon thyme (Thymus serpyllum var. citriodora) is good in foliage, and very fragrant. It grows not over six inches high, and will soon cover a dry bank. There are several plants with silvery or grayish leaves which will do well on a dry bank; among them are the Easter bell (Stellaria holostea) and Stellaria graminea. Another way to treat a terrace bank is to slope it at an angle of forty-five degrees and then to pave the slope with stones. The stones should be of good size, put on edge or on end in the bank, and the joints filled with good top soil. Many small and rare plants can be grown with little trouble in the joints between the stones. The drainage will be good and the stones warm the soil and reduce the area where weeds can grow. In some soils it would be possible to make the bank even steeper degrees, with a consequent saving of room. ‘The plants can be put in as the sloping wall is being built, or seed can be sown in the joints afterwards. than forty-five STREET TREES dia qualities which make a tree suit- able for planting on streets are free- dom from insect pests and diseases, hardiness, ease in transplanting when of good size, reasonably rapid growth, upright habit. The American elm will always be a fa- vorite street tree because of its large size and noble habit. The elm beetle is a serious objection, but can be kept in check by spray- ing. The English elm is also a fine tree, more like an oak in habit, and more badly injured by the beetle than our elm. Both can be moved without loss when of large size, and they are easy to grow and therefore inex- pensive. The ginkgo is an excellent street tree, thoueg; little used. It is hardy, grows rapidly, and has no insect enemies or dis- eases. It attains a large size and becomes picturesque when old, though it is at first stiff and awkward. Gienindenvis ancexcellent street tree. It transplants readily, and grows to a large size. The small leaved linden (Tilia wlmi- folia) is the best variety. The maples, of course, must be used for many streets, and no tree is handsomer than the sugar maple. 1he Norway maple is better than the sugar maple on sandy soils and in exposed situations. The sycamore maple (Acer pseudo-plat- anus) is much like the Norway maple, but does not thrive in poor, sandy soil. It isa hardy tree to use along the coast, however. The scarlet maple is less often used than the sugar maple, but it makes a good street tree and is pleasant to have, for the sake of variety. The oaks would be good street trees if they were not so hard to transplant, and for this reason the pin oak is probably the only one which will ever be largely used for street planting, since it is the easiest of all to transplant and can be got of good size. The plane trees are both good ; street trees, though the Oriental plane is probably bet- ter than our native one, because it does not suffer from the fungus disease, which often attacks our native plane. It is perfectly hardy, and will thrive near the ocean. The poplars are not very good street trees, and should never be used where other trees will do well. The Balm of Gilead, however, is said to be a good street tree. The liquidambar is one of our finest trees. and very good for street use, but it is not reliably hardy north of New York City. TWENTY-FIVE PLANTS FOR THE HARDY PERENNIAL GARDEN Hf beginner in gardening is likely to be confused by magazines and cata- logues because they speak of so many plants that are desirable for one rea- son or another, in the garden. In seed or plant catalogues, all plants are good, and it is hard to choose between them. Yet some are bound to be a disappointment, either in flower or habit or because they need special care. The garden would probably be better if the variety were not so great. Certainly it would be easier to group the plants and easier to plant and care for them. In the following list of twenty-five hardy perennials, I have included only those which are absolutely hardy, which are easy to es- tablish and which need little care and fuss- ing; and they are all indispensible in any garden. A small garden will be much more effec- tive when restricted to these twenty-five plants than it would if a hundred different ones were used. Achillea ptarmica feet. Small mer. 2. Alyssum_ saxatile—gold dust—1 foot. Yellow flowers. April-June. 3. Anemone japonica; 3 to 4 feet. Large white flowers. September to frost. “the pearl’—2 to 3 white flowers all sum- “AL eNquilegia, ‘Columbine; 2 to) 3 feet. Many varieties, red, blue, yellow, white. May-June. 5. Asclepias y weed—2 feet. Crange flowers. July-Septem- ber. OmAster” Novae Aneliae; 2 tom 3° feet. Purple or rose. September-October. 7. Campanula—bell flower—1 foot 6 inches to 2 feet. Blue or white. June- July. 8. Chrysanthemum; 2 to 3 feet. Many colors. October-November. 9. Coreopsis; 2 to 3 feet. Yellow. June- September. 10. Delphinium—larkspur—2 to 7 feet. White and blue. June-September. 11. Dianthus—pinks—6 to 12 inches. Many shades of red and white all summer. 12. Dicentra—bleeding heart—2 to 3 feet. May. 13. Funkia orange. day lily—3 feet. Yellow and eed 14. Gypsophil breath—2 feet. White. July eGist 15. Hemerocallis—day lly—3 feet. Yel- low and orange. June-July. 16. Hollyhock; 5 to 7 feet. Yellow, red, blackish. July-August. 17. Iris; 6 inches to 3 feet. Many vari eties. May-July. 18. Monarda didyma; 2 June-September. 19. Paeonies; 2 to 3 June. 20. Papaver feet. Crimson. feet. White and red. Orientale—Oriental poppy—2 feet Ginches. Scarlet. May. 21. Phlox; 2 feet 3 inches. Many colors. July to frost. 22. Platycodon—Chinese bell flower—1 to 2 feet. Blue and white. June- October. 22 Tradescantia, Spiderwort; 2 feet. Blue and white. June-September. 24. Veronica—speedwell—2 feet. white. May-June. 25. Yucca—Spanish bayonet—4 to 7 feet White. June-July. Blue and xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND (GARDERS February, 1910 The Unseen Power As man’s mechanical skill increases he conceals the means by which work is done. Compare, for example, the earliest locomotives and their ex- posed mechanism with the modern “‘iron horse,’’ or the early walking- beam engine with a modern motor-boat driven by a submerged propeller and seeming to move as if alive. In your country home there is no need to insult the landscape with a towering, clattering, unreliable windwill. Leave windmills to the days of ‘‘New Amsterdam,’’ and the old flint-lock muskets to lovers of antiques, and let your water supply be furnished by the little, inconspicuous Hot-Air Pump, which can be tucked away in the corner of the cellar, barn, or outhouse, works silently and independently of wind or weather, and is reliable always. Once installed it is out of sight and out of mind. Be sure that the name “neeCO-RIDER ae “weeCO-FRICSSON appears upon the pump you Purchase, q@auspator REYSPATOR. } This name pro- tects you against worthless imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a repu- table dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. Write for Catalogue E, and ask for reduced price-list. Riper-Ericsson ENGINE Co. 35 Warren Street, New York 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q. 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. (Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco’’ Electric Pump) 3) 4) 6) 6 7| 8) 9)10)11/12/13 14/15] 16/17)18)19,20/21/22)) 23/24/26/26/27/28 20)| ail. Scientific ONE YEAR WITH Success Magazine ONE YEAR ANP WEBSTER’S Intercollegiate Dictionary ALL FOR $5.00 The Dictionary is new from cover to cover, built on a novel practical plan which reduces the Massive Lexicon to the proportions of an Oxford Teacher's Bible. The book contains many hundreds of text illustrations and twelve full page color plates. It defines 50,000 words and has 1224 pages beauti- fully printed from clear new plates, in large type made especially for this edition, on Bible paper. It is bound in full Morocco with red edges and thumb index and it is altogether the handiest, most practical and up to date Dictionary published. MUNN & CO., Inc.. 361 Broadway, New York DESTRUCTION OF WOOD BORERS N OUR waters there are two genera of | mollusks, viz., Xylotrya and Teredo, and three of crustaceans, viz., Limnoria, Chelura, and Spheroma, that attack and seriously damage structures of wood in salt water. The Xylotrya and Teredo are very similar in structure and action. The former are by far the more numerous, and what are commonly called Teredo are, in the large majority of cases, Xylotrya, and all refer- ences to the Xylotrya will be understood to refer to both genera. When first coming to life the Xylotrya is very minute, being the thickness of a hair and about one-twentieth of an inch long. When very young it attacks the wood in countless thousands, and immediately begins to bore. In structure it is comparatively simple. Its body consists mainly of a tube beginning at the posterior end of the body, running to the head, and then returning to the posterior end. At the head end is a sucker-like foot or tongue inclosed in two shell valves which are provided with fine, hard, tooth-like pro- tuberances. It is with these valves that the boring is made. Through the longer end of the tube water is taken in, passed through the body, through the return tube, and is ejected through the shorter end with the wood borings and the excreta. It does not appear that the Xylotrya gathers any sus- tenance from the wood, its food consisting only of the infusoria in the water. Of the crustacean borers the Limnoria, or “wood louse,” is the only one of great importance. It is about the size of a grain of rice, and tunnels into the wood for both food and shelter. The little galleries ex- cavated are about one-half inch long and ex- tend inward radially, side by side, in count- less numbers, so that the wood partitions be- tween them, which are very thin, are soon destroyed by wave action, thus exposing a fresh wood surface to attack. A new method of destroying these borers has been found. The piles to be treated are inclosed by a canvas apron supported by floats, and kept in an upright position in the water by weights at the lower end. ‘The in- closed space is ordinarily not more than 40x 80 feet square. The water in the inclosure underneath is decomposed by means of an electric current, and chlorine, with small quantities of bromine and iodine, are formed, rising through the water around the piles. By a mechanical contrivance the apron and electrical terminals can be lowered to the mud level and gradually raised, the gases being constantly generated in the inclosure. As previously seen, the Xylotrya draws in water through one end of the tube, always exposed, which passes through the entire body. It has been proven that a mixture of one part of chlorine to one-half million parts of water is sufficient to destroy life in marine animals, so a very small quantity passing through this breath- ing tube causes death. As the Limnoria obtains a part of its food from the water, the same result is obtained with this type of borer. It is true that one application of this method simply kills the borers existing in the pile and surrounding waters, and does not prevent further ravages from others, but the process is so cheap that it can be applied as often as necessary, say every two or three months, thus insuring long life to an unprotected pile. A public demonstration of this method of destroying wood borers was recently made in the waters of Elliott Bay, the inventors using for the purpose of generating the February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV chlorine gas a current of I00 amperes at about 12 volts. After the treatment the pile was left in the bay for twenty-four hours, in order that should there be any power of revival it might manifest itself ; then it was cut open, and all Xylotrya were found to be dead. The result was accomplished principally by the corrosive action of the chlorine upon the exposed parts of the Xylotrya, that is, the so-called “tail,” which in reality constitutes both their feeding and breathing organs. It appeared that all exposed tails in the pile thus treated turned white, while when the animal is alive, they are a dark gray. As the chlorine penetrated the borer it coagu- lated the albumen which constitutes part of the body, and which shows itself in white spots. The original appearance of the Xy- lotrya when alive is almost transparent and glassy. A TIMBER FAMINE PREDICTED IN TWENTY YEARS IFFORD PINCHOT, the ex-govern- C. ment forester, made the declaration, on the return from a six months’ in- spection trip, that “in twenty years the tim- ber supply in the United States on gov- ernment reserves and private holdings, at the present rate of cutting, will be ex- hausted, although it is possible that the growth of that period might extend the arrival of the famine another five years.” Mr. Pinchot urges that the magnitude of the danger should not be underestimated, for every man, woman and child in the country would be affected by such a fam- ine. Although about one-fifth of the forest area of the country is made up of govy- ernment reserves, attention is called to the fact that the government does not control a corresponding fraction of the timber sup- ply, because the government lands are not so good as those owned by private own- ers. Money is to be asked for to extend the forestry service, and to push the work of reforesting the denuded timber lands, although it is claimed to be utterly beyond the powers of the service to meet the sit- uation and prevent serious trouble. An ef- fort will be made to protect the Appalach- ian forest and promote the growth there. The State forester of California has ad- vocated a plan that is being watched with much interest. In that State, under the police power, the forester is attempting to protect the watersheds and to prevent pri- vate owners from devastating these lands in a manner that will injure the irrigation of lands lying below. Figures have been pro- duced to show that at the present increase in the value of timber land, the owners of such property are making more by letting the timber develop than they would by cut- ting and placing the money out at inter- est. GRINDING CEMENT INENESS of grain is greatly to be F desired, both in finished cement and in the raw materials of which it is made. In the new Pfeiffer cement ma- chine the process of grinding is kept sep- arate from the expulsion of the meal, or product of grinding. The last-named oper- ation is effected by means of a fanning mill of peculiar construction which, without em- ploying any sieves, delivers a product of very fine grain. The machine requires much less power than the ordinary ma- chine, so that a very fine cement can be produced more cheaply than common ce- ment is produced by the usual methods. ~, Hosp hig = 7 ae Healthy Trees Are Man’s Best Friends They serve him in a thousand ways—patiently, silently, faithfully, Wounded, diseased o>r maltreated, rey euuegle oo continue the service |\\|# JOH ut often the odds are too great and ih Eaves ee they succumb. Tree surgery when if Tree Surgery Properly practiced cures their ills. If Trees Could Talk, Their Cries of Pain Would Arouse You “Comforter” that Will Keep the Whole Family Warm to the horror of the butchery here shown. The Davey Experts, trained under John Davey, the father of tree surgery, know trees and can interpret their appeals for protection and help. The plan on which these experts work is fully explained in ‘Our Wounded Friends, The Trees,” a book that we will send free to any tree-owner. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY 122 Ash Street KENT, OHIO A house lined with Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt will be wind and frost proof. It will be warm in winter and cool in summer. No heat can get out nor cold get in, or vice versa. It is not a mere paper or felt, but a thick matting which retains the warmth as a bird’s plumage does. ‘‘Itzs cheaper to build warm houses than to heat cold ones.”’ Sample and catalogue free on request. SAMUEL CABOT 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. AGENTS AT ALL CENTRAL POINTS I Save Your Garbage Troubles Ever wished for a garbage can in which garbage cannot freeze in winter—and stink in summer? A can in which flies cannot breed and then spread typhoid germs? A can having a cover which every time closes tight auto- matically—and cannot be opened by prowling dogs and cats? A can, which being out of sight, does not disfigurethe back yard? A can which is practi- cally indestructible? The StephensonUnderground Garbage Receiver has all these advantages. My receiversare SOLD DIRECT. For the satisfaction of yourself, your husband, your maid and your garbage man you should at least send for fully illustrated de- scriptions of my Underground Garbage Receivers and names and addresses of hundreds of pleased users. C. H. STEPHENSON, Merr., 21 Farrar St., Lynn, Mass. I also make Underground Ash Receivers which are fireproof— and Underground Earth Closets for dwellings without sewerage. Southern Mantels Are Popular Q The buyers of Mantels have been partial to Southern Mantels because of their extreme Beauty, Grace and the Reasonableness of their Price. Our Own Factory is Situated Amid the South’s Hardwood Forests. Q That is why we canmake them Better for Less Money. Our handsome 86-page Catalog ‘‘E’’ gives you the exact Pictures of our Mantels in Colors. It is free if you state how many Mantels you need. SOUTHERN MANTEL @ TILE CO. 206 South Gallatin Street, JacKson, Miss. KILLED BY RATS SCIENCE By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by Dr. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking suc- cess for the past few years in England, France and Russia. DANYSZ VIRUS contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and ts absolutely harmless to birds, human beings and other ani- mals. The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condi- tion. The disease is also contagious to them. Easily prepared and applied. How much to use—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than6 tubes). One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard, or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in buildings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6tubes $3.25; one dozen, $6.00. INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 20 Old Slip, New York City XVI AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 is the Best House- Door Hanger Made : cn Pa ll aly i “LANE’S BALL-BEARING” Other Styles for Less Money. Sold by Hardware Trade. Send fox Catalog. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY fies grade of. Hi ipmentin all accep. ed atevial- for. all picpo* es and, all a ate 7 rd Me 434-466 PROSPECT STREET POUGHKEEPSIES NY Ye BRICK ROADS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE CORRESPONDENT in Cleveland, O., commenting on our recent editor- ial, “The Highway and the Automo- bile,’ calls attention to the fact that there are a great many brick roads being laid in the territory adjacent to Cleveland, and asks our opinion as to their practical value. As far as the automobile is concerned, there is no question but that a properly con- structed brick road affords an excellent surface, in respect of the smoothness of running, the tractive adhesion of the tires. and the limited amount of tire wear and destruction. It is certainly superior to the concrete road as ordinarily laid. Those who have driven their machines at high speed over the Motor Parkway, Long Is- land, complain bitterly of both the rough- ness and the inequalities due to the hollows of the surface, the former producing a rapid wear of the tires, and the latter serving to set up excessive vibration at any- thing but very moderate speed. This was so marked at the last Vanderbilt Cup Race that several drivers were quoted as saying that there was a marked increase of speed in the car when they left the con- crete surface for the ordinary macadam. The smooth face of the brick is less de- structive of tires than the file-like rough- ness of the ordinary concrete surface. Moreover, it is possible to lay the brick with a truer surface than is secured by the ordinary contractors’ gang engaged in lay- ing a concrete surface. To true up the surface of a continuous bed of concrete with the exactitude which is necessary to give a smoothly riding surface for high- speed or even moderate-speed automobile travel, is a job calling for no little nicety of workmanship. Provided the brick be of high quality and the foundations of sufficient depth and thoroughly laid, the brick road forms an ideal automobile highway. The foundation should consist of large broken rock fol- lowed by smaller stone or a good quality of gravel, and a layer of concrete. Upon this should be a shallow bed of sand for surfacing purposes, upon which the brick should be laid and carefully surfaced, and grouted into place. The sand serves to give a slight cushioning effect between the concrete and the brick, and also permits of the necessary adjustment of level to bring the upper face of the bricks to the true surface. A State road of this character, built with a proper amount of crown for drainage, should be good for many years of service, and would require but little re- pairs, except in such sections as are sub- jected to heavy wagon and dray traffic car- ried on steel-tired wheels. Heavy concen- trated wheel loads would tend to fracture the hard face of the bricks; and unless the bricks were at once replaced, the cease- less hammering of trafic would quickly produce a low spot in the road. Even where traffic is heavy, however, we be- lieve that, as in the case of a macadam road, immediate repairs, made at the first indication of a breakdown, would serve to give the road, as a whole, a long period of life. A good combination for a State high- way would be to build it of macadam with a tarred surface in the suburbs and vicin- ity of towns and cities, and build it of brick through the country districts. Although the first cost would be heavy, the saving in re- pairs (that is, if the supervision were close and. constant), and the enormous saving in the cost of haulage would, in the course of a very few years, constitute such roads a paying, and in many localities a richly- paying, investment. February, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii NEW BOOKS Tue Grapes or New York. By U. P. Hedrick. Albany: New York Agri- cultural Station. Pp. 15-|-564. This massive volume, which is issued as a part of the fifteenth annual report of the Department of Agriculture of the State oi New York, is a sumptuous quarto of almost monumental proportions, and is one of the handsomest books on fruit that has been published during the year. Its purpose is to record the state of the development of American grapes, and while its title im- plies that this has been done for a single locality, its editor properly adds that in this respect New York is representative of the whole country. Its contents is, indeed much broader than the title indicates and | includes brief historical narratives of Old World and New World grapes; an ac- count of the grape regions and of grape- growing in New York, with statistics re- lating to the grape, wine and grape juice industries of that state; a discussion of the species of American grapes; and the syn- onymy, bibliography, economic status, and full descriptions of all of the important va- rieties of American grapes. The footnotes give biographical information as to per- sons identified with grape culture, as well as many historical data. The text of the book has been prepared with the utmost care and is exceedingly full and complete. The illustrations, which are an essential part of the publication, are in full color, and many of them are very beautiful and lifelike It is a book that offers, on every page, ample evidence of the care lavished upon it, while its pic- torial parts are of the greatest interest. It is a notable contribution to the literature of the grape and is a work that must greatly redound to the advantage of every one who has taken part in its production. Its publication is a fine testimony to the liberality of the state of New York in agricultural matters. A New Licut on ANciENnT Ecyrt. By G. Maspero. New York, 1gog: D. Ap- pletan & Co. Svo. Pp: 315. Price $4.00, net. Professor Maspero is one of the most noted Egyptologists in the world and he states in his preface that he has been fifteen years trying to bring science, sup- posed to be comprehensible only to experts, within the reach of the ordinary man and it is gratifying to find that his time has rot been wasted. He has drawn his materials from everything that can be discussed with educated people without demanding any- thing more than a little attention. Excava- tions, religion, travels, popular customs, literature and history have erch and all furnished him with subjects. The result is a living picture of the researches made in the domain of Egyptology during a period of fifteen years. The book is a most fas- cinating one to all who may have even slight appreciation of what Egyptology really means. Many chapters deal with the very latest discoveries and matter that have never before appeared in book form. Hints on House Furnisuinc. By W. Shaw Sparrow. New York, Igog: John Lane Company. 8vo. Pp. 308. Price, $3.00, net. The sumptuous volume before us is filled with valuable hints on house furnishing and decoration. The plates are particu- larly well executed and are inserted allow- ing the text to be printed on paper which is agreeable to the eye and to the fingers as well. After a general introduction which FinderofMen . An average American knows many people. But he does not always know where they are. He has a thousand friends and ac- quaintances. Where are they at-this particular moment? He can be sure of some of them—perhaps a dozen. But he wants to locate one or more of the others. The Bell system enables him to reach them. If he finds his friend at home, or in his place of business, he talks with him at once. If he learns that his friend is in some other town the Bel! System will furnish the connection. Prioorsonng S oj : ef Z Z Cities are larger than they used te be- Men know and need to know more people. Yet the need of keeping in touch is as great as ever. Without Bell service there would be hopeless confusion. The range of the telephone is not confined to one town or one commun- ity. It is not satisfying simply to learn that a man is out of town; through the Long Distance Service of the Bell Sys- tem he may be reached, wherever he 1s. ‘The Bell Service extends to all com- munities. It reaches the millions of American people. One in twenty is a Bell subscriber. “The other nineteen can be found because Bell service is universal service. The telephone does more work fer less money than any other servant of mankind. There is economy as well as efficiency in one system, one policy, universal service. Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES means Satisfaction to the cultured home-builder. combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. mantels required. The most unique line on the market. Silica Dixon’s cate Paint Lasts And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. have inert pigments to do with it? Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a Our 75-page, 10x14 inch catalog, which will be sent free to anyone interested (enclose ten cents to cover postage), and state the number of Write for catalog to-day. WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept.D,Atlanta, Ga. ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? —— The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. Senn por CATALOGUES What Our Booklet 106B will tell you. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 PAGESS OF DISTINCTIVE HOMES 4 Ha leled Farmhouses - Bungalows E ouSegaeden Going to Build A Country Home? Then you will find the great Building Number of House @; Garden an indispensable guide teeming with Help and Suggestions. Fifty Pages of Distinctive Homes Colonial — Half - timber — Cement — Remodelled Farmhouses — Bungalows House & Garden the magazine of good taste SS Se for the home—is an ably edited and beautifully illustrated magazine brimming over with inspiration and interest to everyone who wants to make the house, its garden and its grounds notable in their good taste and attractiveness and for all those who love the country. 25 Cents a Copy :: : Three Dollars a Year To New Subscribers: Send one dollar for a six months trial subscription, which will include the great Building Number and the pee Gardening Guide in April, two of the most important issues for the home- owner ever published. McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., 449 Fourth Avenue, New York JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV STICKLEY A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions ——_____-_____ for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and needlework. ‘The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high recognitior as the first fearless expression of an independent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SIZES: 8'%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN ¢€ CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York February, 1910 covers the subject in an admirable man- ner, the walls and their treatment are taken up, followed by the floors and their treat- ment; then come the ceiling, the windows, blinds and curtains. A chapter on textile fabrics follows and there is an interesting chapter on furniture and sanitary appli- ances. There are also chapters which give valuable hints on rooms for various uses. There is even a section on that much neg- lected subject—garden furniture. It is a beautiful book, which is worthy of a large sale. SEWAGE PURIFICATION AND DisposAL. By J. J. Cosgrove. Pittsburg: Standard Sanitary Mig. Co. Pp) 2225) SPrice $3.00. This admirable treatise aims to present in concise, ready form, rules, tables and data for designing and proportioning purifica- tion works. It summarizes much scattered professional knowledge and research, and is offered as a guide to communities grap- pling with the very difficult problems of which it treats. The purpose of the author has been to show the methods of con- structing various types of sewage purifi- cation plants, their details and proportions, together with a description of the materials best suited to the purpose. While the book is one primarily designed for the engineer, the subject-matter is presented in an attrac- tive form and the various problems consid- ered are stated in a way that the layman himself may readily comprehend. Numer- ous diagrams and figures add to the lucidity of the text and add greatly to the value of the book. There is a careful index. Tue EncitsH House: How to Jupce Its Periops AND Its StyLes. By W. Shaw Sparrow. New York: John Lane Co. Pp. 348. Price, $2°5omner A charming and delightful book, merit- ing the warmest praise. The author saga- ciously remarks that the writing of books for architects only, can not do much good, since no appeal is made to the real patron and paymaster, the nation as a whole. He rightly believes that the public ought to be interested in architecture, and thinks very truly that, as certain skillful writers have made abstruse science popular and attrac- tive, a similar skill might be applied to ar- chitecture with equal success. He offers his book on the English home as a contribu- tion toward that end, and he is more than justified in hoping for the realization of his expectations. Mr. Sparrow’s book is more than a mere history of architecture; it is not even a his- tory of domestic building in England; but it is a well-meant effort to interest the lay- man in the architecture of his home, and in the architecture of the homes of other peo- ple. This can be done in England with more success than in America, as the older country is rich in possession of individual homes of almost every age, many of which are of the deepest historical and architec- tural interest. Moreover, Mr. Sparrow does not write as an historian, but as a modern observer, applying the lesson of past times to his own, and offering many shrewd words of suggestion and opinions that well deserve careful heeding. The book as 4 whole is a sketch of English domestic ar- chitecture, very agreeably written, and pre- sented in a way that gives the subject a true and living interest. It is, in short, a very notable contribution to the popularization of architecture. The book is beautifully il- lustrated and is an excellent addition to contemporary architectural literature. PVE RICAN “FLOMES. AND GARDENS xix CDE OUEST G ;Popular Scientific Books | SEAGES LEEUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC DIVERSIONS, INCLUDING TRICK PHOTOGRAPHY Compiled and Edited by ALBERT A. HOPKINS With an Introduction by Henry Ridgely Evans 8vo. 568 Pages. 420 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid OR: unique work appeals to the professional and amateur February, 1910 Dry-FarMING: Its PRINCIPLES AND PRAC- TicE. By William Macdonald. New Worss Bhe ‘Gentury Co: Pp. “200. Price, $1.20 net. The term “dry-farming” is a new phrase which originated in Western America. It may be defined as the conservation of soil moisture during the long periods of dry weather by means of tillage, together with the growth of drought-resisting plants. It is not, of course, points out Prof Macdon- ald, farming without moisture, for that would be clearly impossible. The phrase is now widely and loosely applied to a par- ticular form of farming in all places where the normal rainfall ranges from zero to 30 inches per annum. The method, al- though constantly spoken of as new and modern, is really old; but its latest applica- tions and the fruitful results obtained from it have attracted more and more attention to this system of agriculture, which has in- variably yielded rich results wherever properly applied. Prof. Macdonald treats his topic in a broad and comprehensive way. He de- scribes the various methods used in this | MAGI alike and will prove a welcome addition to any library. It is the acknowledged standard work on magic. The illusions are illustrated by the highest class of engravings, and are all explained in detail, showing exactly how the tricks are performed. Great attention is paid to the exposes of large and important illusions, in many cases furnished by the prestidigitateurs themselves. Conjuring is not neglected, a selection of some of the best known of these tricks having been made. The work cannot fail to be of interest to young and old, and there is hardly anyone who is in anyway _in- terested in either science or magic to whom it will not appeal. It is beautifully printed and attractively bound. An illustrated circular and table of contents will be sent on application. (@ EXPERIMEN TAL SCIENCE By GEORGE M. HOPKINS Twenty-fifth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged 1,100 Pages, over 900 Illustrations Lwo Octavo Volumes; Price in Cloth, $5.00; Half Morocco, form of land-culture, notes results and gives due credit to the pioneer workers in this field. His book is at once a history of his subject and a practical handbook of methods. It is the latter aspect that gives it its greatest value, but his historical notes will be welcomed by the agricultural stu- dent. As a text book this volume is thor- oughly practical. $7.00, Postpaid HIS book treats on the various topics of physics in a popu- lar and practical way. It describes the apparatus in detail, and explains the experiments in full, so that teachers, students and others interested in physics may readily make the apparatus without expense, and perform the experiments without difficulty. The aim of the writer has been to render physical ex- perimentation so simple and attractive as to induce both old and young to engage in it for pleasure and profit. All intelligent persons should ‘have at least an elementary knowledge of physics to enable them to understand and appreciate what is going on in the world. This can be acquired by reading “Experimental Science.” As a gift from em- ployer to employee, from parent to child, from student to teacher, nothing could be more appropriate or acceptable. It is the most thoroughly illustrated ‘work ever published on Experimental Physics, and its unprecedented sale shows conclusively that it is the book of the age for teachers, students, experimenters, and all others who desire a general knowledge Illustrated and descriptive circular on application. (© of Physics or Natural Philosophy. 5 ===. The Scientific American Boy | Wrovucut-PireE DRAINAGE SysteMs. By J. J. Cosgrove. Pittsburg: Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Pp. 145. Mr. Cosgrove has laid the plumbing world under a distinct debt of gratitude for this excellent handbook, which is, in many ways, a model of its kind. Handsomely printed in an attractive dress, carefully il- lustrated with diagrams and other drawings, provided with numerous tables and an in- dex, it contains everything essential to a presentation of its subject. The author points out, in his preface, that the scope of his book is much broader than the name would apply. A more descriptive title, he adds, would have been “The Ma- nipulation of Wrought Pipe.” While par- ticularly descriptive of drainage systems the book is equally applicable, in its practical direction, to the needs of heating plants, re- frigerating systems, pipe lines, water sys- tems or any uses to which pipe may be put. By A. RUSSELL BOND I2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. HIS is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording enter- tainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for build- ing the various articles. The needs of the boy camper are sup- plied by the directions for making tramping outfits, sleeping-bags and tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snow-shoes and skis, besides ice-boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a pe- culiar Swedish contrivance called a “rennwolf.” Among the more instructive subjects covered are surveying, wigwageging, helio- graphing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple cantilever bridge, are described. The Scientific American pyclopedis of Receipts, Notes and Queries In Three Bindings. Price, Cloth, $5; Sheep, $6; Half Morocco, $6.50, Postpaid. ©: is a careful compilation of the most useful receipts i ge Froron | Witp FLowers Every Cuitp SHOULD Know. By Frederic William Stack. New York: Doubleday Page & Co. Pp. 15-|-411. Price, $1.20. A thoroughly useful book. The author rightly states that it does not require a pre- paratory course, nor any special instruction, to become acquainted with the more com- mon wild flowers and their individual traits, and then proceeds to show how this know]- edge may be acquired n a very direct and simple manner. The book is not a “‘child’s book” in the common acceptation of the term, but is an elementary treatise on plants, very carefully prepared, admirably con- densed and eminently useful in its plan and arrangement. The key to the subject, as Mr. Stack presents it, is the color of the flowers, all the plants described being grouped under their own colors. Identifi- cation is thus reduced to the simplest method, and the whole kingdom of wild flowers is easily opened to the beginner. It is a book some older folk will like, too, and find exceedingly useful. which have appeared in the Scientific American for more than half a century. Over 15,000 selected formulas are here collected, nearly every branch of the useful arts being represented. It is the most complete volume on the subject of receipts ever pub- lished. It has been used by chemists, technologists and those un- familiar with the arts with equal success, and has demonstrated that it is a book which is useful in the laboratory, factory or home. An al- phabetical arrangement, with abundant cross-references, makes it an easy work to consult. The Appendix contains the very latest formulas as wellas 41 tables of weights and measures and a dictionary of chem- ical synonyms. A full table of contents will be sent on application. Home Mechanics for Amateurs By GEORGE M. HOPKINS, Author of “Experimental Science” 12m0o, 370 Pages, 320 Illustrations. Price, $1.50, Postpaid. © HE book deals with wood-working, household ornaments, metal- Receipts. = = — oTES AND QUE UERIES. working, lathe work, metal spinning. silver working; making model engines, boilers and water motors ; making telescopes, micro- scopes and meteorological instruments, electrical chimes, cabinets, bells, night lights, dynamos and motors, electric light, and an electrical fur- nace. A thoroughly practical book by the most noted amateur experi- menter in America. For the boy and the more mature amateur. Holi- days and evenings can be profitably occupied by making useful articles for the home or in building small engines or motors or scientific in- struments. Table of contents furnished on application. | MUNN & CO. Inc., Publishers, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK GCAO CAFO COCO COD CTO CTO STOGFOELO® xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1910 THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows: CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2 00, Postpaid CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- tion to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Givesa description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII __ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Inexpensive Country~ Homes cA Practical Book for - Architects, Builders, and Those Intending to Build THE WEALTH OF NATIONS vention for a term of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. WVe are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. A PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- plete. The designs have been carefully selected, as embodying the best efforts of various architects throughout the country. Every one of the houses has already been built, and all of the illustrations are half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs of the completed structures, taken specially by the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two perspective views of the same house are shown. Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also included among the designs. @ The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ names and addresses are given, together with a description of the dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner, Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE INTENDING TO BUILD will find many new and valuable suggestions among the up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. PRICE $2.00 POSTPAID MUNN & CO., Inc.. 361 Broadway, New York Branch Office: cCMUNN C& COMPANY 625 F Street Solicitors of Patents Washington, D.C. Main Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK SS GREATS NSS SSE gee SS DRS ANE SISA CARR Hardware Trimmings That Harmonize If you are building a home be sure that you select hardware trimmings that will be in keeping with the architectural style. Your architect will be of assistance in determining the style— but you should acquaint yourself with the merits of Sargent’s ARTISTIC Hardware It is harmonious in its details and can be had in all designs de- manded by any particu- ~@& lar style of architecture. | Sargent’s Hardware adds materially to the refinement of appear- ance in any home and affords satisfac- tion as long asthe , house endures. ,' Sargent’s Book of | .) Designs—sent free Will prove of inval- | uable assistance in |. choosing right hard: } Jim At ‘| A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, ware trimmings. | eye 70 eS Hi} i ; Katonah, New York hows cut glass | Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York |] De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York t shows cut glass knobs, door Knock- $ ers and other fit- | tings in Colonial } *) S Am) ) | Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, ont Seas e Yj | built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded Leonard st HAY =— |p | wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during RCH é *| winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. Fireproofing Departments: ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company JUST PUBLISHED The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- Neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & CC., Inc. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CLL FW WS Wh WS Wad SS SAW SWS Sd Wd Sd Wd Wd Wd WW Wd WW WW WW A HH Bd Koll’s Patent Lock-Joint Columns The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by Hartmann - Sanders Company Elston and Webster Avenues CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway NEW YORK Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also "Sweet's Index.") WRAAARAAAAAARARAAR AA AR RA AA RAR FARA PARA AA AA AAA CATO WaD WaF Wad aA Wada Tad af Tad af Tad Oa Wad aad aT Ga Ta Cah ad al Wad af Wa fa Ta a Ta Ca Ta af Ta aaa a a a al TY) EE —— — THE iy rYVNHE announcement of the new Bevel Gear Shaft Drive Baker Electrics has proved the sensa- ii tion of the year—yet bevel gear shaft drive is only one of the many good features which have put the Baker Electric in a class by itself. The progressiveness shown by the development and adoption of this new drive is equally apparent in every detail of every Baker model. The longer wheel base, new spring suspension, centered wheel bearings, non-sparking motor, con- tinuous torque controller and cushioned steering connections, are all exclusive Baker improvenients, and they all help to make the Baker Electric the smartest and most serviceable motor car ever built. Every Baker Electric, from the dignified four passenger Coupe to the racy Runabout, represents the highest attained degree of silence, safety, elegance and dependability. The Baker Electric, with its superior speed and mileage capacity, instant readiness for use and economy of maintenance, is the ideal car for city and suburban use. Write for our Handsome Catalog, which describes the new models and their many exclusive improvements The BAKER MOTOR VEHICLE CO; 5D West 80th Street :-: CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A. ARGEST AND OLDEST MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR CARS IN THE WORLD ly Complete Line of Shaft Driven Electrics » HORTICULTURAL NUMBER be eA SS eee, ASV2 Pe : 2 Her, Vol. VIL. 910 Die ae __N3 4 ey ; ‘ . 4 ee Z ae m ie yeress 5 ‘ 2 ay ; . ; f A Ve “= Bat AS $3.00 A YEAR ‘im 2 een’ HALL CLOCKS Our line comprises the finest and most complete designs of high-class clocks onthe market. Our move- ments are Superior in nearly every detail and the purchaser is assured that he can buy the best by ordering a “Waltham.” We will soon have ready for delivery, our new Chiming Movement which chimes either Westmin- ster, Whittington or St. Michaels. Our “Willard” or Banjo Clock is a model of perfec- tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class article in every respect. If your local dealer does not sell our line, send direct for illustrated catalogue. Waltham Clock Company Waltham, Mass. American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’? Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects | A | Punts Fine Forwrure . We LOT Deere ees | Lirae ie eS =) Mh G mi Ni hh NZ CAS ON zaale D Be iy Exclusive Designs in Spring and Summer Furniture Our complete exhibit of Spring and Summer Furniture is now on view and at no previous season have our new patterns in Reed, Rattan, Light Woods and White Enamel been so varied and of such high artistic character. Every piece is marked in plain figures and at prices exceeding'y low when compared with the best values obtainable elsewhere. — | Exclusive designs in Decorative Textiles, Summer Rugs and Wall Papers with Fabrics to match. Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47 West 23"ST. —- 24-28 West 24" St. 410. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 A sumptuous book, dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. “Hunn & Company Publishers of. ‘‘Scientific American’’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS @ When the lighting fixture is designed to follow the lines of some old Dutch lamp —hbut to use the more convenient il- luminant, _ electricity —besides furnishing light fora Flemish or Dutch room, it be- comes an appropriate and artistic addition to its other decora- tions.” The Enos Company Makers of Lighting Fixtures Ofice and Factory: SEVENTH AVE. and 16th ST. Salesrooms: 36 WEST 37th ST. NEW YORE BALTIMORE: 519 North Charles Street SAN FRANCISCO : 334 Sutter Street ToRONTO ; 94 King Street, West PITTSBURGH~ The Norton Co., Century Building CHICAGO :W. K. Cowan Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. SPOKANE: Cutter & Plummer, Inc. SEATTLE: Cox & Gleason Co., 1914 2nd Ave. St. Louts: N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. Boston: H. F. Estabrook, Inc., 9 Park St. PORTLAND : J. C. English Co., 128 Park St. BIRMINGHAM ; R. W. Knight & Co. Los ANGELES . Brooks Decorating Co., 696 S. Alvarado St. COULTER & WESTHOFF, Sey 4 Gee Teen Pure English ground colors, combined with the best preserving oils known, have made DEXTER BROTHERS’ ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS the standard. They hold their color in any climate, and preserve the shingle longer than any other stain or paint manufactured ... Write for samples. DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 105 BROAD STREET, BOSTON BRANCH OFFICE: 542 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS—H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blvd., Chi- cago: John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia: F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M.D Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. Planting Plans Without Charge to our Customers Haphazard planting is unsatisfactory. We can make a landscape design for you thzt will add distinctive beauty to your home. We are growers of all kinds of Hardy Trees. Shrubs, Plants and Bulbs and can supply you with anything you may want. Catalog and particulars on request. A. F. BOERNER, Nurseryman 29 NorTH STREET - CEDARBURG, WIS. GREGORY’S Special Flower Seed Offer 60 cents worth for 10 cents 1 package Astor Giant Comet, ew 1 package Tall Zinnia, mixed,. . 1 package Candytuft, mixed, ° 1 package Petunia, fine, mixed, - 1 package Mignonette, sweet, . . 1 package Poppy, double mixed,. . 1 package Coreopsis, mixed, 1 package Phlox Drummond, mixed, . 1 package Panay,mixed ...++ 1 package Bachelor Buttons, ... - The above ten packages by mail postpaid for 10 cents in coin, together with our handsome calendar and our profusely illustrated eatalogue for 1910. With the above coliection we will enclosea z certificate worth 25cents. Ifreturned with $1 you may select seeds in pack- ages or ounces to the value of $1.25. J. J. H. Gregory & Son Marblehead, Mass. “EM THSO! NI IAN AUG12 1985 i i ; | j q | | nessigienate SANA SANG FAas The Postman a SONS If he hasn’t it must be because you havn’t asked us for it. We shall be glad to mail you one, free and postpaid. Pure Linen Luncheon Set Our general Catalog forthe Spring and Without the aid of these beautifying bits of linen, Dining Rooms would Summer is now ready A postal re- be bare indeed. 0 : S quest will bring it to you. Ask for We went to Saxony for the best luncheon sets—those which would com- : y bine beauty with sturdy wearing qualities, at a reasonable price. We have Samples also, if you wish them. succeeded, but we have only 200 complete sets. Send 25 pieces for yours promptly. Each set includes: One 24- Ever notice what a wide difference there is matched inch round Centrepiece; six 6-inch round Doyl- in catalogs ?. The Wanamaker-Kind is some- $5 00 ies for tumblers; six 9-inch round Doylies for —§ ————-—— : z 0 plates; one 18x27-inch oblong Tray thing more than a mere list of goods, with Best Cloth; one 18x36-inch oblong Buffet prices. The Best Ideas from New York, paid Scarf; one 18x54-inch oblong Side- Philadelphia and Paris are brought to your ““ board Scarf; two 6x9-inch oval Platter Doylies; two 8xl2-inch very door. Every offering is oval Platter Doylies; two 3 10x15-inch oval Platter The contents of this catalog are not con- Doylies; two 12xl8- fined to wearing apparel for Women and inch oval Platter Children, but include also full lines of Doylies; one 15x20- Men’s goods, Hats, Shoes, Gloves, Un- men plone derwear, etc. The catalog also includes Tee oe. Bedding, Beds, Carpets, Furniture, Glass- Order ware, China, Japanese Goods, Sporting Number Goods, Lamps, Sewing Machines, 112 General Housefurnishing, etc., etc. on honor.” We ship goods all over the world, and each shipment must arrive safely, and must prove satisfactory—or else we want it back at our expense. Just write us, ‘Please send Catalog No. 8,’’ JOHN WANAMAKER, new York Have you seen the Flat-Globe of the World and Geographical History, both edited by Commander R. E. Peary? We are now the sole publishers. This great work is better th round ball globe, and costs only ‘3 per centas m school and home should have one. Ask ustor f tive pamphlet. : ; ; : Sample and } A House Lined with Circular Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY VERTICAL SECTION. Re Se OEE ACT ee aA , EPRICE orn rane rca $$+44444+4444+ il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS: March, 1910 EUGENE PITOU, Jr. CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY NEW YORK Telephone, 6084 Barclay Pe fe ofS RTAGES) yas DISTINCTIVE. HOMES eg eee Going to Build g ous Garten || A Country Home? Then you will find the great Building Number of House @ Garden an indispensable guide teeming with Help and Suggestions. Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Fifty Pages of Distinctive Homes Colonial — Half - timber — Cement — Remodelled Farmhouses — Bungalows Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- gers, by using the Automatic Economy Gas Machine b Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘‘ The Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. House & Garden the magazine of good taste So LS for the home—is an ably edited and beautifully illustrated magazine brimming over with inspiration and interest to everyone who wants to make the house, its garden and its grounds notable in their good : HESS saniany {LOCKER taste and attractiveness and for all those who love the country. HE. only ‘oder Santas 25 Cents a Copy : : Three Dollars a Year Medicine Cabinet or Locker. Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow ene everlasting enamel,inside andout. = FOR YOUR BATHROOM A Costs less than wood and is better. Should be ~~. in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin _ proof and easily cleaned with warm water. _ | Made in four styles and three sizes. Price _. $7.00 and up. Send for illustrated circular. , _ HESS, 926 L Tacoma Bid., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. To New Subscribers: Send one dollar for a six months trial subscription, 8SSSsSSSa9S9SasaSaSasNSSSS which will include the great Building Number and the superb Gardening Guide in April, two of the most important issues for the home- owner ever published. McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO.,, 449 Fourth Avenue, New York | Elkhart Bugpics are the best made, best grade and easiest riding buggies on earth for the money. PRICE FOR THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS $5939 we have been selling direct and are TI! The Largest Manufacturers in the World selling to the consumer exclusively. We ship for examination and approval, guar- anteeing safe delivery, and also to save you money. If you are not satisfied as to style, quality and price you are nothing out. May We Send You Our Large Catalogue? Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. Elkhart, - ° © « i ; ae Ret CLINCH right through the Top and Full standing seam of metal Brass Mounted VA | roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE of pure bred poultry, for 1910, 200 pages, handsomely illustrated, 150 engravings, photos, 30 fine colored Yy S / AY. Bl IRBA N HOMES plates, describes 65 leading varieties of land and water-fowls, gives low prices of stock, eggs, incuba- Ze ij) Py oy ° ° 6 4 tors, poultry supplies,etc. Calendar for each month. A Practical Guide for Prospective Home-Builders : How to care for poultry and all details, Only 10 . _ y Ae cents. Send today. f This book contains 90 illustrations of plans and photographs of houses which ' ss / B. H. GREIDER, Box 111|, RHEEMS, PA. have been successfully built at a cost ranging from $1,000 to $10,000, with de- scriptive articles and an estimate of the cost of most houses described. Only the newest and best have been selected. General views of exteriors, diagrams ofinteriors, interior decorations and furnishings, and full construction plans ae sy - y/ Charles B. Wilson, Architect make up the illustrations. Only Most Eminent Architects Are Contributors : The experience I have makes my services desir- e desta A Iara EEE cree a a Art Mate ne q able to every prospective builder of Country ou re Planning to Build— ou Nee eas on How tolmprove ¥ our Home i 25 sent: tpai f SEND FOR THIS BOOK. The Cost Is Nominal. hia Meare or Suburban Honfe -..-"/ Correspoudenceite McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., 449 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 309 American National Bank Bldg., Richmond, Va. Commissions Executed Anywhere March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii AS = WILSON’S OUTSIDE VENETIANS, Blind and Awning Combined HE most practical and useful form of Venetian yetdevised; they com- bine beauty, utility and durability to a degree that no other blind of any kind can equal; suitable alike for town and country houses. Slats can be opened and closed and blinds raised or lowered from inside without opening window. When blind is pulled up entire frame is folded out of sight, making a very neat appearance. Mention “American Homes and Gardens”? for free booklet. Orders should be placed now for early summer JAS. G. WILSON MFG. COMPANY 3 and 5 West 29th Street, NEW YORK Patentee and Manufacturer of Inside Venetians, Porch Venetians, Piazza Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors Are You a Home Lover? If so, you need the Garden Number of The HOUSE BEAUTIFUL| Featuring a Special Article *“On Gardens and Garden Tradi- tions,’’ by Corwin Knapp Linson. A notable article with illustrations in colors by the author reproducing the original paintings of gardens. One of these, ““A Garden Enclosed,” is a work of art worth framing. Other Features of This Issue *“‘Water Lilies for Flat Dwellers,’’ by Elizabeth A. Reed. ** Planting Trees About the Country House,”’ by Lorin O. Machin. ** Architectural Adornments of Gar- dens,’’ by Aymar Embury II of New York. **The Pre - Raphaelites and Their Work,”’ by C.R. Ashbee, London, England. **Sun Parlors at Home,”’ by J. Frances Cooke. **Spanish Influence on Furniture Design,”’’ by Virginia Robie. ‘©The Home Garden;’’ “Old China;’’ **Questions and Answers;’’ “In Metropolitan Shops.’’ 64 Pages—Over 60 Illustrations BUY A COPY TODAY From Your News Dealer It’s 25 Cents Well Invested Or, write us, using this coupon and we will mail a sample copy free and explain our in- ducements to new subscribers. THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL CO. 251 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Il. Please mail me sample copy of The House Beautiful for inspection. Popular Scientific Books MAGI SVAGE- IELUSIONS. AND SCIENTIFIC DIVERSIONS, INCLUDING TRICK. PHOTOGRAPHY Compiled and Edited by ALBERT A. HOPKINS With an Introduction by Henry Ridgely Evans Svo. 568 Pages. 420 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid HIS unique work appeals to the professional and amateur alike and will prove a welcome addition to any library. It is the acknowledged standard work on magic. The illusions are illustrated by the highest class of engravings, and are all explained in detail, showing exactly how the tricks are performed. Great attention is paid to the exposes of large and important illusions, in many cases furnished by the prestidigitateurs themselves. Conjuring is not neglected, a selection of some of the best known of these tricks having been made. The work cannot fail to be of interest to young and old, and there is hardly anyone who is in anyway in- terested in either science or magic to whom it will not appeal. It is beautifully printed and attractively bound. An illustrated circular and table of contents will be sent on application. EXPERIMEN TAL SCIENCE By GEORGE M. HOPKINS Twenty-fifth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged 1,100 Pages, over 900 Illustrations Lwo Octavo Volumes; Price in Cloth, $5.00; Half Morocco, $7.00, Postpaid © book treats on the various topics of physics in a popu- lar and practical way. It describes the apparatus in detail, and explains the experiments in full, so that teachers, students and others interested in physics may readily make the apparatus without expense, and perform the experiments without difficulty. The aim of the writer has been to render physical ex- perimentation so simple and attractive as to induce both old and young to engage in it for pleasure and profit. All intelligent persons should have at least an elementary knowledge of physics to enable them to understand and appreciate what is going on in : the world. This can be acquired by reading “Experimental Science.” As a gift from em- ployer to employee, from parent to child, from student to teacher, nothing could be more appropriate or acceptable. It is the most thoroughly illustrated work ever published on Experimental Physics, and its unprecedented sale shows conclusively that it is the book of the age for teachers, students, experimenters, and all others who desire a general knowledge of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Illustrated and descriptive circular on application. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND r2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. HIS is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording enter- tainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for build- ing the various articles. The needs of the boy camper are sup- plied by the directions for making tramping outfits, sleeping-bags and tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snow-shoes and skis, besides ice-boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a pe- culiar Swedish contrivance called a “rennwolf.” Among the more instructive subjects covered are surveying, wigwagging, helio- graphing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple cantilever bridge, are described. The Scientific American py clopedle of Receipts, Notes and Queries In Three Bindings. Price, Cloth, $5; Sheep, $6; Half Morocco, epCAN $6.50, Postpaid. an es © is a careful compilation of the most useful receipts bs ae FForrion which have appeared in the Scientific American for more than half a century. Over 15,000 selected formulas are here | (YCLOPEDIA collected, nearly every branch of the useful arts being represented. Rona: It is the most complete volume on the subject of receipts ever pub- = NOTES AND _ QUERIES lished. It has been used by chemists, technologists and those un- familiar with the arts with equal success, and has demonstrated that it is a book which is useful in the laboratory, factory or home. An al- phabetical arrangement, with abundant cross-references, makes it an easy work to consult. The Appendix contains the very latest formulas as wellas 41 tables of weights and measures and a dictionary of chem- ical synonyms. A full table of contents will be sent on application. Home Mechanics for Amateurs By GEORGE M. HOPKINS, Author of “Experimental Science” 12mo, 370 Pages, 320 Illustrations. Price, $1.50, Postpaid. © HE book deals with wood-w orking, household ornaments, metal- working, lathe work, metal spinning, silver working; making model engines, boilers and water motors ; making telescopes, micro- scopes and meteorological instruments, electrical chimes, cabinets, bells night lights, dynamos and motors, electric light, and an electrical fur- nace. A thoroughly practical book by the most noted amateur experi- menter in America. For the boy and the more mature amateur. Holi- days and evenings can be profitably occupied by making useful articles for the home or in building small engines or motors or scientific in- struments. Table of contents furnished on application. R\ MUNN & CO. Inc., Publishers, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK vi) t ay Fae I ak raCsrae 24 Ux d) . CAF) CEO CEO CFO CSFOB COM GrAGGTA® AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS JUST PUBLISHED Three New Instructive Books SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture BY RALPH C. DAVISON 12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. Price, $1.50 Postpaid A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject HIS work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up ae and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental shapes. The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. They are entitled : i 1, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; III., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV., Plaster Molds for Objects Having Curved Outlines; V., Combination of Casting and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; VI., Glue Molds; VII., Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs with Same; VIII., Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Concrete Benches ; XII., Concrete Fences; XIII., Miscellaneous, In- cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. The first two chapters explain a most unique and original method of working pottery which has been developed by the author, The chapter on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this class of work. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has explained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. Handy Man’s Workshop | The Scientific American NOTCH TO PREVENT END PLAY Se SS Sa March, 1910 and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- i} fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientifie Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks”’ as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent.from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the Holidays HIS book is a sequel to “The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand al copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy”’ so popular and interesting to the boy. It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter II., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A “Pedal Paddle-Boat’’; Chapter VIII., Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII, The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXVII., Geyser Fountain. MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York March, 1910 3 Sy. SSF THE ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE EXHIBITION HE annual exhibition of the Architec- 3 tural League, which is now being held in the Fine Arts Building, com- memorates the 25th anniversary of its ex- istence. The League was organized as a sketch club in 1881, by eighteen men; re- organized in 1885, and incorporated in 1888 by a body of sixty-six members. Its mem- bership consists of architects, with some sculptors and mural painters; the last com- ing to the League under the head of the allied arts; for the work of the sculptor and mural painter are in reality closely allied to that of the architect. Before the Fine Arts Building was constructed, the exhibitions of the League were held in various French restaurants throughout the city; but since 1892 the Society has occupied its own rooms with galleries for its own exhibitions. As the Society has grown in importance it has developed from a social organization to one devoted to the holding of annual exhibi- tions, wherein the current work of its mem- bers in architecture, sculpture and painting, is shown with the purpose of impressing upon the public mind the value of better architecture, and this is what it should do. As years have gone by, the atmosphere of the annual exhibition has changed from time to time, being an expression of the personnel of the various committees. The influence of the Society was origin- ally that of the American trained architect, who was represented by men graduated from the various schools of architecture in this country. As the organization devel- oped, that influence, possibly through some lack of interest, became less conspicuous, while the ever present enthusiasm of the student of the French school became a dominant factor in the character of the exhibitions which have been held during the past four or five years. The result is, that the various committees of the more recent exhibitions have forgotten that architecture is more the expression of the desire of the public through the architect as its instrument, than of its desire of being an instrument of the architect. As an ex- hibition of finely executed drawings it is a great success; it is splendid. But as one of domestic architecture it is an absolute failure; that is, from the layman’s point of view. This is not a criticism of the gallery of mural paintings, which comprises a splendid collection, carefully selected and hung in a most masterly manner. Neither is it a criticism of the exhibit of sculpture, which is excellent, nor of the high standard of the collection of drawings hung in the gallery of architecture; but it is a criticism of the lack of domestic architecture in the gallery devoted to architecture. It is all very well for the architect to visit the ex- hibition, for he can see and enjoy with keen appreciation the beauty and charm of the many excellent drawings presented, but for yn the layman it is quite different. What the latter wants, and he certainly should be considered, is an exhibition of less tech- nique and of more practical use, for the reason that the only object of his visit to the exhibition is to find out what is being done throughout the country and to be able to observe the best work of a particular style as done by a particular architect. Architects as a class are too much given to introspection. They live within them- selves in one room and forget when hold- ing aloof in their own atmosphere that they are apt to neglect a public with money and a taste to spend it, whose point of view should to an extent enter into the consid- eration of the profession. He wants information and help and that is why he goes there. Architecture, to-day, is to a certain extent classified, and it does not matter whether the subjects exhibited present the work of the man who stands at the head of his profession, or at the bottom of the ladder; the subjects submitted should stand or fall on their merits. Where there is one man who wants to see a municipal or commercial building, there are a hundred who are interested in the country house. This interest is neces- sarily brought about by the great demand for, and the growing interest in, the coun- try house and its gardens, and these are the men who should receive some consideration from the committee of the architectural exhibition. Out of nearly one thousand ex- hibits, there are not more than fifty designs showing country house work, and that a jury consisting of a serious and intelligent body of men, should accept the few ex- amples of such work, is truly astonishing, and this, for the reason that, with very few exceptions, the list exhibited has no archi- tectural merit, and the houses shown are not a representative expression of the best work being done throughout the country. The Architectural League has an im- portant place to fill in the development of architecture in this country, and it is hoped that in the future the men of both the American and French schools will combine their forces and co-operate in such a man- ner as to present to the public next year an exhibition of a more popular character. There is an excellent opportunity for the Architectural League to create a permanent club on the lines of what was originally in- tended for the National Arts Club, where the best efforts of its members can be placed on exhibition at all times of the year. This would be an assistance to the architect; the sculptor and the painter, in maintaining a continuous exhibition, and the means of performing a great work in uplifting the public mind to a higher standard of beauty in architecture and its allied arts. The present system of catalocuing the exhibition is not a good one. The incon- venience to which one is put in examining a particular exhibit and finding that it is necessary to consult the catalogue is very annoying. For instance, the first subject ex- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v aan hibited in the main gallery is numbered 52, while directly over it is another exhibit numbered 425. One can very readily see the inconvenience of such a system, but for- tunately it is one that can be remedied by cataloguing the exhibits in a consecutive manner. It is to be hoped that the com- mittee having this matter in charge will make some decided improvement in this di- rection in the future, so as to relieve the visitor of the annoyance and confusion of the past few years. An important feature of the annual din- ner of the League was the splendid tribute paid by its members to the late Charles F. McKim in the announcement of the sub- scription by his friends of nearly enough money to ensure the endowment of the American Academy of Rome, a movement in which the deceased took so active an in- terest. The American Academy of Rome forms a very important factor in raising the standard of art throughout the United States, and it is one that should receive hearty support from those who are able to give it. It is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when the Academy will be placed on a permanent financial basis and that the dream of the eminent architect may be realized. One of the most important exhibits in the domestic architecture is the Adams house, the work of Frank E. Wallis. This house can be cited as the type which appeals to the layman, for it shows a design of a building that has an apparent cost, and is not too expensive, nor too cheap, nor too ornate, nor too plain, and at the same time suggests the comforts of a house designed to meet the necessary social requirements. There is evidence of a very careful study of the general design, and especially of its details, which are particularly fine. The most imposing plastic cast exhibited is that of the great bronze doors for the United States Naval Academy, presented by Col. Robert Means Thompson. Miss Evelyn B. Longman of New York was the sculp- tor, and it is not very often that so dis- tinctive a work has been contributed by a woman. Each of the doors bears an alle- gorical group. The doors are intended as a memorial to the Class of 1888. Daniel C. French has contributed a very handsome design for a garden fountain which occupies a prominent place in the cen- ter of the first gallery. A Celtic cross, the work of A. Stirling Calder, is worthy of consideration. The interest of the exhibition centers in the gallery of mural paintings in which there is a very striking canvas, “The Con- queror,’ by Carl Hassman, an Austrian painter, portraying a mounted Hun survey- ing the land of Italy, the leader of a horde which is soon to lay the country waste with fire and sword. Another mural deco- ration which has a special charm is a beau- tiful panel contributed by Robert V. V Sewell. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 y of sawed Oak is brought out to perfection by our pro- | cess of making veneers and by the / eareful attention given to the finish of each and every door. | are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with waterproof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood—birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Mergan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality. style, durability and satis- faction. In our new book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and _in all styles of architecture— Colonial, Empire, Mission, ete., and it is explained why they are the best and cheap- est doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. A copy will be sent on request. Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, ages 078 and 679. Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, II]. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. In the March Scribner Trekking Through the Thirst to the ti A picturesque account of a march through the waterless country, 0 1 with many hunting incidents and impressions of the natives. By Theodore Roosevelt A Notable Article on The Color Arrangements of Flowers by HELENA RUTHERFORD ELY, author of ‘““A Woman’s Hardy Garden.” This is an article of timely and great practical value to every garden lover by one of the foremost authorities. The illus- trations photographed in colors by the famous Lumiere Process are of great beauty. By Edith Wharton THE LEGEND—Tales of Men Some Musical Recollections of Fifty Intimate and charming impressions of the musical life and many fam- Years ous musicians, including Mendelssohn, Liszt, Jenny Lind and others By RICHARD HOFFMAN The Third Part of Rest Harrow By MAURICE HEWLETT Another Danbury Rodd Aviator Story—Princess Thu-Thur’s Half-Holiday By FREDERICK PALMER The Angel of Lonesome Hill By FREDERICK LANDIS $3.00 A YEAR 25 CENTS A NUMBER CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, NEW YORK Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strongand } Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. | HOME-GROWN SUGAR-BEET SEED. S a result of an experiment which has been conducted near Phoenix, Arizona, it has been found that sugar-beet seed can be grown successfully in that section of the country, and better still, that it can be grown in a single year. In Arizona it is customary to plant sugar- beet seed the latter part of November, har- vesting the crop the following July. It has been found that if the seed is planted a month earlier in the fall the beets will pro- duce a crop of seed the following year. This takes sugar beets, for that section of the country, out of the bienniz! class, and puts them in with the winter annuals. It means the saving of a year in the produc- tion of seed, and will greatly simplify the process. Nearly seven million pounds of sugar- beet seed are used in the United States every year. At present the bulk of this supply come from Germany, and costs the American grower about ten cents a pound. The German method of producing sugar- beet seed is rather complicated. When the beets are dug in the fall a number of the best specimens, averaging in size from 20 to 24 ounces, are selected for “mothers.” A sample taken from each of these mothers is analyzed for sugar content. In some cases the density and purity of the juice are also determined. These mothers are divided into grades, according to sugar content, and stored in silos during the winter. Those that fail to come up to the required standard are dis- carded. In the spring these mother beets are set out and cultivated carefully. From them the seed of commerce is produced. By these painstaking methods the sugar-pro- ducing ability of the beets is kept up to its present high standard, and even increased from year to year. Recently beet seed has been grown to a limited extent in the United States in Utah and Washington. This home-grown seed has shown greater yielding ability than the seed from Germany. The beets from home- grown seed have better quality and higher vitality, and seem better adapted to Amer- ican conditions. Owing to the difficulty of production, however, beet-seed growing in Washington and Utah has not spread very rapidly. With more favorable climate conditions prevailing in Arizona, especially the absence of severe winter weathers and the dryness at harvest time, it may be possible to make beet-seed growing an important industry there. Of course, since the beets are not dug in the fall, they cannot be seeded as carefully as is done in Germany. Whether the quality of the product can kept up by other methods of selection remains to be proven. Perhaps some method of breeding like that which is giving such good results in the corn fields of the Mississippi Valley may be adapted to sugar beets. The United States Department of Agriculture has been asked to investigate the matter. The re- sults of this investigation will be awaited with much interest by the people of the sugar-beet-growing districts. TO MAKE BURNED ALUM. H te with constant stirring, ordinary alum (alumina alum) in an iron pan, in which at first it will melt quickly and then begin to raise bubbles. Heat it until a dry, white mass, of a loose character, remains, which should be pul- verized and kept in carefully closed glasses. Garden ome tion ion O10 The Garden in Your Town oo publishers of American Homes and Gardens desire to an- nounce a Garden Competition for 1910, and will offer $100 for the four best planned, developed and successful suburban or village garden. The Garden Competition Editor of American Homes and Gardens wants to know if your garden is a success. If so, write and tell him about it. Tell him how you planned and how you planted your garden, and what success you had with it; tell him of the plants with which you had the best results and the ones ‘which were fail- ures; how you arranged for a succession of bloom; how you made use of the natural limitations of the plot and what mistakes you made. We want you to help us so that we may help others to beautify their surroundings, for this is the object of this competition. You need not be a skilled writer to tell the story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. $100.00 for Prizes For the best garden received we will pay : For the first - $50.00 For the third - $15.00 For the second $25.00 For the fourth $10.00 Conditions Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: A general description of the garden, consisting of not more than fifteen hundred words, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants used in planting, must be submitted. Give any details which you think will be of interest. Drawings of the plot are to be made in black and white, drawn to the scale of eight feet to an inch, showing the position of the various plants and shrubs. Name each variety of plant on the plan bya number, giving a separate list with a corresponding number by which each plant may be identified. Photographs of the garden must be submitted. It will be of interest to send as many photogr aphs of the garden, taken from as many points of view and at different times in the summer, as illustrate the changes in the garden’s appearance to the dominance of certain flowers. The photographs must be printed on printing-out paper and are to be not less than five by seven inches in size. A photograph of the site of the garden before it was developed would add interest to the series. Descriptions, drawings and photographs are to be marked with a pseudonym which is to be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. All descriptions, plans and photographs are to be sent free of any name or address on them except the pseudonym. Express or postage charges must be fully prepaid. Just as soon as the judges have rendered a decision upon the four best gardens submitted for this competi- tion, they will notify the Editor who will open the envelopes bearing the pseudonym and containing the competitor’s true name, and will at once notify the successful competitors that they have won the prizes. The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and Gardens all prize gardens and those gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photographs. Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American Homes and Gardens, Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York. The garden competition closes September 15,1910. Contestants need not to be subscribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind is required. No photographs, manuscript or plans will be returned. viii ‘ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 A Man Who Loves Trees as Friends and Has Spent His Life Among Them OHN DAVEY has spent a long life among the trees. He knows them and understands them; has studied them and experimented with them. He loves and encourages them, and works with and for them all the time. He has come to be known as the greatest tree authority in this country, and has been called ‘‘a brother to the trees.’’ He has delivered lectures upon tree subjects all over the United States and is known asa missionary working inthe interests of the trees. It is not strange that he should have solved most of the problems of tree life, therefore, or that he should have originated the science of tree surgery. A Scientific System that The Davey Tree Surgeons Are Trained by John Davey It has been found by John Davey that there is no ne- Trees are too valuable to be given into the keeping of cessity for trees’ dying. If they are properly treated, they the tree butcher. Consult an expert concerning their con- will live almost indefinitely, No matter how badly a tree dition. The tree experts, operating under the direction of is injured, he can treat it, and bind up its wounds, and John Davey and trained in his school of tree surgery, will it will live. He can save the life of trees that are badly inspect your trees and tell you what they need. It costs Saves Tree Life decayed, and strengthen those that have be- come weakened from improper usage. Many people do not realize that their trees are dis- eased or injured until the trees begin to die. “Our Wounded Friends, the Trees” Graphically describes tree facts, many of them heretofore untold, and gives in detail the Davey methods of tree preservation. This book is unique, just as the Davey system is essen- tially original. It explains the superior efficiency of Davey methods and tells why only experts should be employed for tree surgery. The book has cost too much to permit promiscuous dis- tribution, but we shall be glad to forward a copy free, on request, to any person in the Mississippi valley or Eastward, who has fine trees, and who is interested in saving them. JOHN DAVEY Father of Tree Surgery you nothing to consult them. Write us today and tell us the number of trees you own, and where they are located. We will take pleasure in giving you full information. “The Salvation of Our Trees”’ A free booklet which gives facts about lecture of the same title delivered by John Davey. This lecture is an exposition of the unique science of tree preservation and is attention-compelling to the utmost degree. “The Tree Doctor”’ John Davey’s latest and most comprehensive work on the care of trees. An invaluable hand- book for every owner interested in the preserva- tion and care of his trees. Price $2, postpaid. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., 123 Ash Street, Kent, Ohio (Operating the Davey School of Practical Forestry) Representatives in all principal cities in the Mississippi Valley and Eastward. Send all inquiries to the main office for prompt atlention The New Book of Biltmore Nursery=_ “Flowering Trees and Shrubs” — Should be in your hands before you buy for spring planting. It-gives full information as to the habits and characteristics of this class of ornamentals, and shows many of the best kinds as grown in typical gardens, lawns, and yards. In this way it suggests numerous pleasing ideas for planting home grounds, large and small, describing the flowering trees an] shrubs best adapted to the purpose. A Hint of What this New Book Is Like Herewith we reproduce in miniature the cover and one of the illustrations of this book. Flowering Crab-Apple, shown in the lower picture, is thus described by the book: ‘‘With perfume laden—sweet fragrance-with every breath wafted here and there by spring’s soft air; with harmony of color—blushing pink and rose from opening bud to falling flower so bright and fair; this is the call of the Wild Crab-Apple. The answer, gentle reader, you know too well, for who has not responded ? Their dainty flowers, with enticing sweetness, make fast friends everywhere. They are very hardy and thrive in aimost any kinds of soil, making both ornamental and desirable specimen trees for lawn or garden.” How You May Get a Copy Free “Flowering Trees and Shrubs”’ has 64 pages and covers, is printed on fine book paper, has been carefully written from ripe experience of the management of Biltmore Nur- sery, and is illustrated from specially made photographs used by no other nurseryman. It cost a great deal of money to produce this book—some thirty cents a copy—and each copy takes three cents postage. No promiscuous distribution to persons not inter- ested in home ground decoration is practicable, therefore, but we will gladly send a copy free of all charge to any one who owns a home or expects to own one soon and wishes to plan the planting of its grounds. BILTMORE NURSERY Box 734 BILTMORE,N.C. Have you an empty corner by your porch? Beautify It This Way! q In the planting above illustrated evergreens give a rich effect all Winter. Here and there German Iris enlivens the bed with showy flowers in Spring. q It isa part of our business to improve such corners. We do it inexpensively and quickly. Q Have you a wall to hide? A spot where a few trees would improve the view from your windows? @ Send us dimensions of corner to be planted; exposure, length and height of wall to be screened; or the number of trees wanted. We will suggest varieties and costs. g Our nurseries have the advantage of being located at a distance from the gases and smoke of a great city. We haye over four hundred acres. The young trees and shrubs are allowed plenty of room, are transplanted frequently, and are cared for by men who have been in this work since 1872. G Before you do any planting send for Moon’s Cataloge— Hardy Trees and Shrubs for Every Place and Purpose. THE WILLIAM H. MOON COMPANY ARBORLEA, MORRISVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix re) Johae aie Homes and Gardens for April Rock Gardens Furnishing the Apartment The widespread interest in the building of rock gar- dens in the past few years has inspired the idea which forms the subject of the opening article in the April number. The author of this article, Charles Down- ing Lay, tells in a very interesting way how it is pos- sible to build and maintain a rock garden at a small expense. The illustrations, which include the frontis- piece and several full-page plates, are numerous and of the deepest interest. A Group of Stucco Houses A practical group of stucco houses forms an interest- ing double page for this number. This subject ought to be very interesting and helpful to those who are anticipating the building of a stucco house, for there is a widespread interest throughout the country at the present time in the use of cement as a material for the construction of the modern country or suburban house. AP Furniture for the Home Esther Singleton, the well-known author, will present her first paper on appropriate furniture for the home, which will be devoted to the hall, living and dining- room furniture suitable for the English house. ‘This series will be helpful and valuable to any one who re- quires the best advice on the subject of the proper fur- niture for the home, and no one is better qualified to The give such information than Miss Singleton, whose wide experience as an author on furniture makes her an authority on the subject. A Colonial Residence The fourth paper on Furnishing the Apartment, by the well-known writer, Lillian Hamilton French, will be devoted to the bedroom. This article is well illus- trated, shows the proper furniture and draperies to use in a bedroom, and is particularly interesting for the reason that Miss French describes how an ordinary chamber, with white plastered walls, can be made, with a little expense, an attractive room by panelling the walls with small moldings in such a manner as to pre- sent the effect of a study of the French school. The first paper on Furnishing the Apartment was devoted to the hall and appeared in the January number ot American Homes and Gardens, while the second paper, on the drawing-room appeared in the February issue. The third paper on the dining-room is published in the current issue. ‘hese papers are of particular value in furnishing the country or suburban home as well as the apartment. rotected Grape Fruit Grove An interesting and timely article is prepared by C. M. Berry, on the value of protecting young fruit trees from a sudden frost. The illustrations are a conspicu- ous aid in showing how it can be done. ‘This scheme of fruit protection is applicable to any fruit grove, whether it is in Florida or in Maine. Effect of Colored Light on Vegetation The eminent French savant, M. Flammarion has for many years been studying the effects of sunlight upon vegetation. Jacques Boyer tells in a concise manner how the researches and experiments have been conducted. Paul Thurston describes the handsome house built for A Novel Method of Growing Potatoes Stephen Bartlett, at Chestnut Hill, Mass. It-is a fine dwelling, a good type of the Colonial house, and an ex- cellent example of a gentleman’s country house. Gobelin Tapestry Works Gobelin tapestries are always interesting, and Frank In the gardening world there is another instance at hand to prove that many of the most valuable discoy- eries have come to light through accidents, and S. Leonard Bastin tells of one in an illustrated article on a new method of growing potatoes. Brown adds to it by his story, which tells how they are Interior Decorations for the Home made. One of the illustrations presents a beautiful example of ancient tapestry depicting Jephtha’s daughter. The Homes of Five Architects An interesting story describing the homes of five archi- tects of the Middle West, is told in an attractive man- ner by Francis Durando Nichols. The article is pro- fusely illustrated with exterior and interior views of the houses, their floor plans and other detail features. It is not often that one has the opportunity of looking into the home of an architect, for the reason that mod- Alice M. Kellogg presents the second paper of her series of Interior Decorations for the Home, and it takes up the subject of appropriate window draperies for the various rooms of the house. The illustrations will show the latest designs in curtain hangings, and the text will tell how they can be made and the cost of the same. The current issue contains the first of the series of papers by Miss Kellogg, and is devoted to the last word in wall papers. These articles ought to be of in- terest to all who are furnishing or refurnishing their homes. esty on the part of the profession often precludes a A Country House publication. It is a good thing for an architect to show what he can do when he has a free hand, and it is also a pleasure for the layman to have an opportunity to see what he can do in the designing of a modern house to be built at a moderate cost. The group illustrated in this article is represenative of a good type of small house. The splendid country house built for G. St. John Abbott, at Concord, Mass., forms the subject for a very excellent article. The illustrations are from new and original photographs expressly made for this magazine and they present views of the exterior and the interior, as well as those of the garden which forms a part of the estate. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 The Most Artistic and Permanent Building Material in the World The natural colors and texture of our clays, when formed and hard-burned by our special processes, produce the most beautiful and en- during face bricks the world has ever seen. Indian-reds, coppers, olive, purple-browns, blues, grays, russets and tobacco browns give infinite variety of harmonious shadings. There is only ONE ‘“‘Tapestry'’ Brick—the name is stamped on each brick. That one word sums up the advantages of buying Uneeda Biscuit. You're sure of their qual- ity—svre of their flavor— sure Of their goodness— sure of their cleanness and freshness. Be sure to say Uneeda Biscuit (Never sold in bulk) ““Tapestry’’ Brick costs very little more than wood and usually less than concrete. It in- creases the value and salability of the entire property. Our valuable book, “Tapestry Brickwork,"’ giving comparative costs of wood, concrete and brick construction, 48 ie es, 8in colors, describing the brick architecture of all ages, full of interest to architect and home-builder, sent on receipt of 20c. (less than the cost to publish). Write for information, describing the work you have in mind. FISKE & CO., INC. Promoters and Designers of Sole Manufacturers of Artistic Brickwork “Tapestry” Brick 1737 Flatiron Building, New York City a Package NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY ”” Tapestry Brick _ | Liebmann Residence Brooklyn, N.Y. | lerts & Tallant Architects For Outside Woodwork —shingles, siding, half-timber, trellises pergolas, fences— Cabot’s Shingle Stains will give more appropriate and beautiful coloring Z i effects, wear better, and cost less to buy or apply / Pi he ‘ i For Garden Comfort and Garden Beauty, use our than any othercolorings. The only Creosote stains, pe j : : Ps and ‘wood treated with Creosote is not subject to dry-rot or other decay.”—Centurxy Dictionary. : Sam ee Pay. : y Send for samples on Wood and name of nearest Agent wh Bitten @P [d (LAN ql 1S SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers, ann other House in New Jersey. J.T. Tubby, Jr., Architect, N.Y. 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Stained with Cabot's Shingle Stains. Garden Seats Southern Mantels bs Ly : Q Send for Catalogue of Many Designs AAD North Shore Ferneries Co. a BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS —— Excellent in Quality yy y Effective in Design ; iG BRISTOL’S ‘Indoor and Outdoor Economical in Price Recording Thermometers USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL «4 ” : : i Y ; Recording Thermometers for Room tempera- THE MANTELS are constructed on architectural lines / tures and Recording Thermometers of Long and are the kind 4 Distance type make continuous records in- doors of atmospheric temperatures outdoors, sensitive bulb Dem connected to Recording e Inst t_ by Flexible Capill Tubing. “That Satisfy” : Tame eaten THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. SOUTHERN MANTELS are Southern Made and have pupoionerit WRITE FOR CATALOG The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 520 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid Southern Mantel & Tile Co., Inc. || 4 story or outpoor soy tire pan a lasge number of diversions which, aside from af- 206 SOUTH GALLATIN STREET, JACKSON, MISS. ing entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari wus articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. ‘ ‘ AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year “EVENTIDE” THE IMPOSING ENTRANCE IS THE IMPORTANT FEATURE OF THE HOUSE............... NOTABLE AMERICAN Homes—The Home of Arthur C. Steinbach, Esq., Asbury Park, N. J. By Barr Ferree FURNISHING THE APARTMENT—III. The Dining Room By Lillian Hamilton French CALIFORNIA BUNGALOows—Costing from One Thousand Dollars Upwards. By Helen Lukens Gaut AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS’ GARDEN COMPETITION—The Fourth Prize Garden. Won by Mrs. Anna H. Condict, of Essex Fells, N. J. “KENMORE’’—The Home of Betty Washington, Now in Possession of the Howard Family. By Edith Dabney By Kate Greenleaf Locke By E. P. Powell Rie RESIDENCE OF WALTER J). Row es, Montclair, N. J............ By Robert Prescott A House Buitr For Mr. J. A. GarRRetTT, at Bronxville, N. Y By Paul Thurston A House Bui tt For Mr. E. L. CLirrorp, Wilmette, III. By Henry Hawley 111 INTERIOR DECORATION OF THE HomE—Wall-Papers By Alice Kellogg 112 THe Home or A. F. Norris, Esa., Montclair, N. J By Francois Picard 114 GARDEN Nores—Fifteen Good Lilies By Charles Downing Lay 116 By W. Frank McClure 117 By Richard Maxwell Winans 118 Garden Competition Announcement for 1910 American Homes and Gardens for April The Editor’s Note-Book New Books Home-Grown Sugar-Beet Seed The Relation of the Audubon Movement to the Sportsman Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a _ year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH; Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [ Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The imposing entrance is the important feature of the house AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR Volume VII March, | 10 Number 3 The Home of Arthur C. Stembach, Esg., Asbury Park, New Jersey By Barr Ferree T IS seldom that a modern house is, with any success whatever, built in a classic style of architecture. Our conditions of life and climate are almost invariably opposed to those of the classic period, and most of such houses as have bor- rowed classic motifs or which have been built on classic models have failed to provoke more than a moderate curiosity that they should have been erected or that any one could have been expected to live in them. The home life of the ancient Greeks and Romans, and the e, a) or) AC) ‘8 LS —— AS Ke ZA SSAA houses they built for the convenience of that life, were so radically different from the home life and the houses of to-day that the problem of adapting classic models to modern conditions has long since been given up as futile. But the difficulty has been, 1 in most cases, that the modern classic house has been erected as a quite literal trans- scription of the ancient classic house. In such a case it amounts to little more than a museum, a thing of curiosity, possibly one of beauty, probably one of ingenious adapta- tion, but never a home in the modern acceptation of the word; never a pleasant place to live in; never a comfortable a anal AM Nea Ran pare Se The house is built of cement and is well balanced by its two porches 84 , AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS home; never even a desirable house. How could it be, when one must be continually adapting oneself to rooms and apartments for which there is no modern use, where one cannot live naturally, and where one is perpetually wondering what to do next in rooms one, naturally, would never think of doing anything in but look about and won- der? Perhaps we modern builders have deprived ourselves of many agreeable opportunities and of the use of much beau- tiful architectural detail by the apparent necessity of reject- ing classic models and ideas in our modern homes. No zrchitectural ornament was ever so exquisite as that carved and cut by the ancient Greeks; no architectural ideas have equalled theirs in purity and directness of expression; no architecture is at once so elevated and so refined. Perhaps we have lost something by not being able to design our houses’ with this splendid wealth of beauty; but at least we have been able to keep it intact and so have come to look upon it as something to be re- vered and admired, something to be treated as very rare and beautiful, some- thing we can use sparingly, perhaps, but certainly only with the utmost care and regard. There are very many things that are extremely sim- ple after once the way to do them has been made clear. The great underly- ing fact that has made Mr. Stein- bach’s house so per- fectly successful, is so very simple that it is a wonder it has never been thought of before. Perhaps it has; but I am not familiar with it in precisely this form. And now for the secret of this suc- cess. Briefly it was to design an_ ex- terior in which classic motifs would be used in a way that would at once declare this house to be designed in the style of classic Greece; and then to ar- range the interior in a thoroughly modern style and with- out any regard whatsoever to classic precedence! That’s all; but it’s enough. No doubt some purist will rise up in imaginary agony against such a juxtaposition and combina- tion of the old and the new. Let him have his say; it will neither destroy the integrity of this house nor the reason- ableness of this procedure. The thing has been done, over and over again, in other styles. Time and time again plain, simple old-fashioned houses have been built to contain within their boarded or shingled walls rooms and apart- ments of astonishing state and splendor, and no one seems — ever to have felt there was impropriety in the combination. VV Vw we we ew The steps leading to the entrance of the house March, 1910 I hold no brief for either Mr. Dodge or Mr. Steinbach, but they have, between them, contrived as interesting a house as I have seen, contrived it in a style not new or novel, but used in a new way, and have, moreover, achieved a thor- oughly livable house, which, after all, is the most that can be asked of any dwelling. Mr. Steinbach’s house, designed by Mr. F. H. Dodge, is a villa intended for residence throughout the year. ‘This circumstance is no longer novel in seaside homes, but is worthy of mention. The house is neither large nor im- posing, but it is thoroughly interesting, a quality of vastly more notable import than measurement by size and cost. It stands on a comparatively modest plot of ground, over- looking Deal Lake, and is at the junction of two principal streets. One would, therefore, hardly describe it as a sea- shore house, although built in a very notable seaside resort. If a namewmpe needed, it is quite distinctly a country villa, quite well adapted to village environment. The “plaints somewhat derived from the lettemmier That isto saysuat consists of a main front portion, of which the center is projected forward, with two wings or L’s at) the segtcke with a charming lit- tle court between them. ‘This is now open to the sky and at the rear, but Mr. Steinbach proposes, at some time in the near future, to en- "] ee eee we ey close it entirely with glass, and thus convert it into a sort of winter gar- den, a use to which both by © situation and by size it is ad- mirably adapted. ~The initial idea, if the house being a modern _ interior with a classic ex- terior, the problem of clothing the out- side in competent, correct and digni- fied architectural form remained the chief task of the designer. In no sense is this ever easy, and in fact the success of the whole struc- ture might readily have been fatally injured by an over use of detail, of which the originals exist in such tempting quan- tity and variety. Whatever temptations of this kind may have beset Mr. Dodge, he quickly put them to one side. A rather square, rigid form seemed best adapted for the main exterior lines. This doubtless agrees with the general form of the Greek house, although as no such structures have survived to our time we cannot tell precisely what they were like. They were perhaps much more formless than the design evolved by Mr. Dodge, but as he had no prece- dents to be literally followed, he was justified in developing the ornamental exterior chosen for this house. March, 1g10 The color of the exterior merits attentive study: it pre- sents a careful symphony in white and white tones. The house is built of cream-colored stucco. The cement string course or band between the two stories is white. The ex- terior wood trim, including the window frames and the cor- nice, is a very light shade of pearl, a white, delicately tinged with blue. The base of the porch columns are painted red, the pearl of the wood trim being used for their upper parts. The house is entered by a porch which is within its main lines and is an integral part of it. There is a wide central opening, with a column at each end, and a narrow window opening on each side: openings of similar character are on the ends of this projected portion. Originally built and planned as an open porch, a winter’s use dictated the pru- dence of enclosing the open spaces with glass, and this has been done since the photographs which accompany this article were taken. This glazing has _ considerably helped the exterior, although it has shielded, somewhat, the brilliant color- ing of the interior, which has been treated in the Pom- peian style, with a broad red_ dado, while the gray walls and ceiling are painted with Pompeian designs in brilliant color. The floor is cement, in large squares of white and black. The center inner wall of the vesti- bule, as it must now be called, is solid, the doorway being to the right and a window to the left. The inner door opens imme- diately to the hall, and with the first step beyond the threshold ‘the classic character which has domi- nated the exterior is left behind, and one finds oneself in a modern house, a house that differs in no way from any other modern dwelling save in the interest of the rooms and the individual and characteristic way in which they are finished and furnished. As a matter of fact, you not only enter the hall, but you enter the whole house. The chief rooms of the first floor open into each other, so that everything is more or less clearly discernible from the entrance door. To the left is the dining-room; almost in the center are the stairs to the second floor; to the right, and beyond, is an apartment you presently discover to be the billiard-room. And when your examination has been finished you will find that the service rooms and kitchen are in the wing parallel to this last. The The interior of the entrance porch AVE RICAN -FONMES) AND GARDENS 85 raison d’etre of the two wings is thus clearly apparent: the billiard-room is given light on two sides, and the service department is completely separated from the rest of the house. It is an admirable plan, very beautifully worked out. The hall is treated in green and white. The woodwork is white; the walls are lined with green silk damask. There is a low dado in panelled wood, and a somewhat deep cor- nice which supports the geometric ceiling. At the end of the room on the right is the fireplace and mantel. The for- mer has hearth and linings of gray brick; the latter is con- structed of imitation Caen stone, and has a shelf supported by carved figures and a panelled over-mantel. The elec- tric light fixtures depend from the ceiling. There is a Roman table in the center, with a top of polished green marble. The other furniture is, for the most part, covered with green damask. A green rug covers the hardwood floor. The dining-room on the left is separ- ated from the hall by square columns, with a wide open- ing in the center, supported by nar- rower openings on the sides, the lower part of which is filled in with the dado of the hall walls, with da- masked panels above. There is a fine sense of open- ness here, the sep- aration not being accomplished by a partition, but by what is practically a permanent screen open at the top. Low swinging doors are applied to the middle piers, but as these are mostly kept open they are not solid means of separa- tion. The dining-room is an apartment of really exquisite charm. It is bril- liantly lighted, the windows, as in the hall, extending to the floor. The farther end has four, two in the end wall and one on each side wall, the whole group admitting a flood of light that is most agreeably arranged. The room is de- signed in the Louis XVI style, and no pains have been spared to make it as consistent as possible. The panelling of the dado and the other woodwork is finished with gray enamel paint. Above are great tapestry panels, chiefly representing wood scenes, in blues, greens, browns and yellows. A narrow cornice supports the plain ceiling, from the center of which depends an elaborate electric light fixture. This has, at the top, six bells of yellowish glass, while from the center depends a brightly jewelled globe. Separate switches permits the lighting of one or both or all 86 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 The interior of the living-porch Poach ad WP SeminnrsHalk srowes IP | | Fer ------ BeDoroore M4 XIS X32 WitoHlen 12 xI5-6 JERE ACE~ Joo TERRACE Bur-cLo mo Boece Dining Boot Ling Roort Porc 18x 27-6 i 18 X24.6 _LOGG 1 i Ti eRACE TERRACE. \eeae lies First floor plan Second floor plan of these. The carpet is a deep plain blue. The furniture, with bluish white brick. ‘The stairs which rise from the which has been expressly manufactured for this room, is hall, also open into this room, and form a part of its en- in gray enamel, with cane seats covered with blue velvet closure. ‘They mount to an open platform which is actually cushions, with small lambrequin-like back cushions, also in blue velvet. The dining table was not ready when the ac- companying photo- graph was taken, but has since been put in place. It is circular in form, in gray enamelled wood like’ the chairs, and deco- rated eon the top, with a carved bor- der. The mantel of i Muetaataiomm Caen stone is at the far- ther end of the room and is simply designed in the style of the apart- ment. ~~ Ihe “over: mantel encloses a panel of tapestry. The fireplace is lined The billiard room in the dining-room. The stair wall is covered with a pa- per in two shades of yellow brown, a coloring admirably adapted to harmon- ize with the colors of the walls of the rooms that open into it, and at the same time quite cheerful enough to give light and color on its own account. The upper hall has the same covering, and here again is in agreeable contrast and harmony with the bedrooms which open into it. On the opposite side of the hall, as you enter it, is a triple opening with square columns such March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Another view of the living-room, showing the staircase hall 88 AMERICAN as form the main feature of the sepa- ration between the dining-room and the hall. Here, how- ever, they are com- pletely open, save for a simple balus- trade at the base. Before each column is a great gilt eccle- siastical candlestick, standing on a high pedestal. Approach- ing the railing one looks over and down upon the bil- lard-room. The individuality that has distin- guished the other rooms is here even more marked and pronounced, It is quite) unlike «hve other apartments, yer lehoue hy at opens into the hall, and is hence as one, in a measure with the dining-room, it is so entirely sequestered that the very striking character of its individuality is by no means in- harmonious nor, indeed, conspicuous. Although the contour of the exterior ground does not suggest it, nor for that matter, does the external archi- tecture, since the tops of the windows are everywhere kept at the same level—the additional space being left be- low them—this room is much lower than the others, and is reached by a short flight of steps that descends near | Le het ce eek Ve t ; bat | HOMES AND GARDENS The owner's bedroom—designed in the Louis XVI style March, 1910 the main. staircase. It is panelled in oak, with high plain wainscot, above which the walls are treated in rough cast. The ceiling is covered with oak boards, and is up- held by great beams and struts. The windows are en- cased within plain frames of oak, and have small lambre- quins of red velvet and red_ shades. The carpet around the billiard-table is red, and the hard- wood floor is stained green. Ale themamee ther end is the fire- place, “a massive structure built up of yellow brown stones and with red brick lining; a Greek relief is let into the upper part. On each side is an arched recess, with a built-in seat below a small window; a pair of Moose horns is fastened above each, and in the uppermost recess is a copper lantern. Two of these depend from the ceiling all being furnished with elec- tric lights. Coupled lights beneath each of the brackets carrying the ceiling supports are contrived in the skull and horns of Rocky Mountain goats. An interesting room, strongly in its furnishings, and a most interesting place of retreat in a thoroughly interesting house. The Louis XVI dining-room March, 1910 EMESIS AUN! © ©) MsEZS AND GARDENS 89 Fig. 1—These Colonial candlesticks with shades complete cost $1.00 each Fig. 2—Another style of Colonial candlestick, equally effective, and cost 40 cents each. Fig. 3—The decanter is an excellent copy of the old Colonial and cost $1.10 each Furnishing the Apartment By Lillian Hamilton French III—THE DINING-ROOM INGER HE ease with which a dining- room 1s fur- e SNES nished should pre-suppose its being always AVS a satisfactory apartment. Many reasons contribute to this ease, since not only are the purposes of this room clearly defined, but that which is used in it may also be employed as parts of the decorative scheme. The aim of the householder, of course, should be to keep strictly to the dining-room’s purpose, obtruding no other signs of occupation. The exigencies of living being what they are, however, even in a house, this room may often permit itself to be expanded so as to include other necessities. Children may read there, for example, or play about the table at night; or the father may reserve a special cor- ner for his paper and cigars. That which more than anything else contributes to the ugliness of the room is the choice of its various ap- pointments. Red-bordered table linen is a horror; so is a china service with the same design as that seen on the washstands. So, too, are over-deco- rated sets of colored glass. Worst of all, is a sideboard showing a series of bordered napkins on which are displayed ordinary dishes, while the crowning touch of everything bad is a tumbler or silver cup holding tea- spoons standing upright. The only proper place for small pieces of sil- ver is in a drawer, well protected from dust. It is not obligatory to have ugly things. We may have to pay extrayv- agantly for a_ silk hanging with special tones; and beds that are com- fortable may make a drain on the purse. But a pretty table service is within reach of the most modest of Fig. 4—A Roman altar light costing $6. A splendid ornament for a Christmas or festive occasion incomes. For this we must thank the manufacturers, who, in copying good glass models, have given us, for a mere song, that about which there need be no embarrassment, and which, indeed, in many cases is to be preferred. The candlesticks shown in Fig. 1 are of the old Colonial style, and cost, with shades complete, $1 each; the candle- sticks in Fig. 2, cost forty cents apiece. Four, then, may be had for $1.60, and even on a table set out with Venetian water and wine glasses, they lend themselves agreeably. I prefer them to the Colonial candlesticks costing the same price, as shown in Fig. 1; because the twist in the stem gives a lovelier reflection. I have known them to be mistaken for heirlooms. The decanters (Fig. 3) cost $1.10 each. There is no possession which one may have which will give greater pleasure than a Roman altar light. It not only gives an air of refinement to the home, but it also serves its purpose in adding its brilliancy to all festive and joyous occasions. The Roman light shown in Fig. 4 cost $6. Duplicates of this one can be pur- chased for the same price. Sixty pieces of the Colonial glass also shown here (Fig. 6), including claret and wine glasses, are on sale fOmES SOO: Tumblers may be substituted for the goblets at the same price for the 60 pieces, or finger bowls, which are ex- ceedingly pretty, but which separately cost 25 cents apiece. If one desires a thinner glass, more delicately mod- elled, called eae $11.75 will buy 60 pieces. A slightly iridescent set is had for $18.50. The pitcher in the illustration cost 40 cents, but there are others of different designs at the same price. The small pitcher and sugar bowl for fruit cost 70 cents. The choice of china is somewhat AMERICAN HOMES AND (“GARDERs Fig 5—The Canton china cream pitcher cost 65 cents; the sugar bowl 90 cents, the coffee pot $2.50, and the plates $5.25 a dozen more difficult, but only because the assortment is more varied and bewildering. The purchaser is advised to select standard models, as breakages are more easily replaced. The English willow ware, especi- ally for breakfast and luncheon, 1s always lovely, and costs $14.50 for 130 pieces. There is a Bavarian china, with dessert plates, costing $3.50 a dozen, and $7.50 for the cups. Any white china with a light but plain gold or blue rim is charming. Pure white Wedgewood is enchanting. The prettiest table I know, is set out with this, every- thing matching to the candlesticks and centerpiece. With spring flowers on the table, and the pep- permints made in the form of sweetpeas, the effect is unique. Such a set is expensive, a branched candlestick with its pretty figures costing alone $12.50. — Individu- ally, I prefer, for those of limited possessions, the Canton china, which is good at all times. The dark blue looks well on either a bare table or the white of a table- cloth. go cents, the cream pitcher 65 cents, the PuleantuessimeS.ce 2's ma dozen. This china, moreover, looks well at various angles, so that plates, as seen in the illustration, can be used against the walls, which is not the case with all china, certainly not with that which shows too much white. The dining-room (Bies 10) “where this Canton is hung has a dark green burlap on the walls, to bring it into key with the adjoining parlor. And here, again, one can see tact in the Even when one buys the modern manufacture, there is always an air of inheritance about the table it adorns. The coffee pot shown in Fig. 5 cost $2.50, the sugar bowl Fig. good. Fig. 7—-A mahogany serving table of charming design an antique shop. 8—A combined fireplace and china cabinet of good style. which a carpenter put up and stained for $4. | net (Fig. 10) by the window. The shelves and sides are covered with velvet, though the more elaborate cabinets have plate glass Fig. 6—Sixty pieces of colonial glass like these, including wine, claret and champagne glasses, can be bought for $5 use of the Canton, since even against the dark green it is Thus over the low boy it is displayed on shelves The low boy cost $30 in an antique shop. It will be noticed that it exactly fits the space betwelen the doors, and so finishes that end of the room. The proper filling of spaces is sometimes a problem. In this din- ing-room, for instance, the mantel- piece was not directly in the middle of the room, so that a strip of bare wall was left on one side. A mir- ror was therefore used, and with satisfactory results, for the flowers in front of it are repeated, and as the mirror directly faces the par- lor door it also reflects certain ob- jects in that room. One can see, for example, the flames of lighted candles repeated at night, and the effect 1s especially delightful. The mirror (Fig. 10) is without a frame, and held in place by small invisible tacks; its price was $8. Choice bits of china and | Venetian glass are kept in a cabi- For this $50 was paid in shelves. Balancing this, on the other side of the fireplace, is an old-fashioned bookcase and desk combined. This is also used for china, and anyone posses- sing such an object is recommended to apply it to this end, for the ‘draywens underneath hold large _ tablecloths and napkins; the small drawers, the forks and_ spoons not in datly “use. Bookcases like this may be had for $75. T he sideboard, bought at an auc- tion, cost $50. Only a good model should be _ pur-. March, 1910 chased, even if it be an imita- tion, but whatever the financial situation, the householder must avoid those oak monstrosities with upper shelves and _ silly compartments. Care must also be exercised in building up the spaces over the board. In this case a picture is hung, with old Venetian iron candlesticks, but a mirror might have taken its place. A word of caution is necessary just here. One must never mix china and glass on the sideboard. Silver and glass. Yes! Or all china, or all glass, but no conglomeration. The great expense involved lies in the table and chairs, for which prices are constantly vary- ing. This one (Fig. 10) cost SII twenty years ago, and can be stretched to seat sixteen people. When the manufacturer was asked for one like it, he threw up his hands in horror— then asked $50! The chairs, though, can always be had for $7 or $8 apiece, and although not especially pretty, are not ob- trusive. They are of mahogany, with leather seats. In the second dining-room (Fig. 11) of like dimensions, the chairs are better. Imi- tations of them may be had from $9 to $12.50. The whole air of this dining-room shows great reserve, and represents with taste, a greater expenditure. It opens out into a parlor with the chintz furniture, shown in the preced- ing chapter, and, like it, is painted white. A gray-white AMERICAN HOMES Fig. 9—The plate shelves over the low-boy, on which Can- ton china is placed, cost $4 to build by a local carpenter AND GARDENS . gl striped paper covers the walls, which, while differentiating the two rooms, also brings them into harmony. And this is as it should be, violent contrast being the greatest of all sins in interior decoration. Things should blend; color-schemes merge one into another; transitions be made easy and delightful. A disregard of these laws is not confined, however, to those of modest means, and many a great house is consequently spoiled. But in an apartment one can never be too careful. One must study effects, and be scrupulous regarding fine details. As one who means to use plates in deco- ration must look at them from two points of view, so one must study a stuff, never buying so much as a chintz without look- ing at it in several ways; flat, as on a seat covering, then up against the walls. After that, one must see how it looks in folds, as when looped back. Only yesterday I saw a pretty chintz sample which a bride was considering, and decided her against its purchase because the folds made it seem heavy in color, and the light, seen on it when flat, brought out quite a different tone from that seen when it fell straight. These seem minor considerations, but they are vital when har- mony is to be attained. Special attention is drawn to the design of the lambrequin and curtains, which are of deep ruby red vel- vet, matching the carpet; and trimmed with silver braid. Fig. 10—The corner cabinet contains rare old pieces of china and glass. The plain mirror over the fireplace gives depth to the room Fig. | |—A charming dining-room with gray white striped paper on the walls and deep ruby velvet curtains at the windows g2 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ge Fee ty se ; laa Mab So PE Shas it A se a3 aS i as ihe st gio. se ee RE As ne is Daa Sins A ec So (3: Is eS api March, 1910 ~ — Fig. |—An attractive bungalow costing $1,000 California Bungalows Costing from One Thousand Dollars Upwards By Helen Lukens Gaut EW inexpensive houses can boast of more attractive features than the little bunga- AG lows illustrated in this article. [he one Tena presented at the top of this page was de- signed by its owner, Herbert Carr, Esq., and built at Pasadena, California, for the sum of $1,000. It is a simple little bungalow, built in a simple manner but with an artistic execution. The foundation is built of rough gray cement, while the superstruc- ture is of frame, with 1x2 rough redwood boards placed upright on the studding, the joints of which are covered with three- inch battens. No oil or stain has been used on the exterior of the building, for it has been left to weather finish, the gen- eral effect being that of rustic weathered sidings. The overhanging roof is shingled and stained a dull green color. ‘This roof has a four-foot extension overhanging the entire building and forming a covering for the groups of latticed windows, which project three feet beyond the main walls. The porches have floors laid with cement. The interior arrangement is excellent. The first floor (Figure 2) contains a liy- ing-room, dining-room, kitchen, bedroom | and bath. The interior is most attractive, & T= for the living and dining-rooms are prac- a tically one, the only separation being two square pillars rising from the floor to the ‘ceiling and provided with a short rail between the pillars and the sides of the room, thus giving the impression of space, immediately upon entering the living-room. The ceilings are boarded and beamed, while the walls are covered with canvas. A picture mold divides the height of the room. ‘The wall space below the molding is given a coat of paint in a warm brown tone, while that above is painted a canary yellow. Painted canvas makes a aN Fig. 2—First floor plan a cheap wall covering, is sanitary, and is preferable to bur- lap, which catches and holds the dust. The entire wood- work is stained and finished in a soft brown color. The living-room has a large open fireplace built of brick, with a mantel-shelf on which is inscribed the following motto: ‘‘Love—Laughter—Work.”’ On either side of the fire- place are bookcases built in, with deep drawers placed at the bottom of the shelves. Small lighted windows are built in over the bookcases. The win- — dow seats in the bay windows in the liv- ing and dining-rooms are partitioned into two divisions, each one of which is 2x4 feet, and two feet deep. These are ex- cellent economizers of space, as they can be utilized for storage. The dining-room has a built-in buffet with a convenient slide opening into the kitchen. The bed- room has a similar bay window, fitted the same as the one in the living-room, and also a large clothes closet. The ceiling is finished with pine boards and beams left in their natural color. The walls are covered with canvas, and are painted a pale blue. The bathroom is furnished with porcelain fixtures, with exposed plumbing. A screened porch at the rear of the house forms a laundry, in which are placed two laundry tubs. The contract for the bungalow was as follows: Fireplace, cement, work 5. 2). s eee mr 71215) Plumbing 20.0 8.5.00 02. oe 155.00 Hardware ..iocg6 ee os oe 20.00 Canvas ...05.0 480... 12. 4 2 DORI G Paint and stain for interior and roof ...2.. 7 20.05 Lumber «ssa Oh bi ws es bi er 420.00 Labor” +. 50. Bea Os Oe Se 288.15 Totaly mudis.ceys, «a. alcpan iced’, ae $1,000.00 March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93 The _ bungalow shown in Figures 3 and 4 was also built at Pasadena, Cali- forma, for G._S. Hinckley, Esq. This is particularly an in- teresting bungalow, with its lean-to roofs sloping down in a graceful man- ner over the living- porch, which has massive concrete columns supporting the roof. The un- spaces above the counter shelf are filled in with shelves enclosed by glass doors. The screened porch, opening di- rect from the kit- chen, contains the laundry tubs, and also affords ample space for the ice- box. A feature of this plan which is quite ideal is the arrangement of the sleeping rooms, derpinning and the Fig. 3—An attractive bungalow with gray cement columns and brown stained which are separate foundation of the porch are built of brick. The porch floor is laid with red Welsh tile, 8x8 inches in size, with an outer edge of red brickwork laid in a herring-bone fashion. ‘The entire building is covered with clapboards on the exterior walls, and the roof is covered with shingles, both of which are stained a dark brown color. The main floor of the house contains a living-room en- tered from the living-porch, a din- ing-room and kitchen. LEach is furnished in a most artistic man- ner. The large butler’s pantry between the dining-room and kit- chen is complete with drawers, dressers and cupboards. The kit- chen is designed in what is called a “buffet” kitchen. There are no pot closets or storage closets. Counters are built around the room on a level with the sink, under which there are constructed cupboards and drawers. The Fig. 5—A bungalow of the Swiss Chalet type walls and roofs from the main part of the house. There are two bedrooms, provided with ample closets, and a bathroom reached from either of the bedrooms through a small passageway. The bedrooms are finished in a harmonious color scheme, each bedroom being done in one tone. ‘The bathroom is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickle-plated plumbing. The house shown in Figures 5 and 6 is that of a summer camp built for William Stanton at “Squirrel Inn,” San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California. It is built of logs carefully hewn on their side, so as to lay flat on Livina Room top of one another. The gable ends are covered with shingles left rough as they came from _ the mill. There is a piaza extending across the front of the building and re- turning on one side. ‘The first floor contains a large living-room, ce cn ltl A Set ty RE naan which is provided with a large open fireplace. This living-room is used for dining. There are also Fig. 4—First floor plan two bedrooms and a bathroom on LING Konre /5 X20 PALL | <= : J =] Fig. 6—First floor plan of this tiloors) he kitchen and _ its dependencies are built in the base- ment, which is on the level of the grade of the land made possible by the slope of the hillside upon which it is built. ‘her whromutsie shown in Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 was built for Miss Ranney, at Pasadena, Cali- fornia, from the designs of Greene & Greene, archi- tects, of the same pileaicesn ea hnvins house, though built within the Ieausitam Gan taece years, affords the interesting impression of being old. The weathered red- wood shingles covering the exterior walls and the rough redwood _tim- bers supporting the wide eaves, as well as the overlapping upper story, give this effect, and, in addi- tion, the type of architecture seems to be- long to some other country and time. There is about it a suggestion of old Swiss, also an intimation of Japanese vet) in reality it is an in- dividual type, a house with a per- sonality, and, be- cause it is “‘dif- ferent,’ it is fas- cinating. The entire ex- terior scheme of construction 1S rustic. The house is approached from the street, by steps and walk of red brick. The AMERICAN HOMES of this bungalow AND GARDENS Fig. 7—The brick walled terrace and overhanging roof is the chief characteristic Balcony Toe STATO March, 1910. roughest klinker brick, with Eng- lish ivy climbing over. Neither paint nor oil have been used on the exterior, except- ing on the eave troughs, and the timbered edges of the _ eaves, which have been painted white. The balance of the house is sub- dued and digni- fied in color, the rich browns of the redwood shading almost to black, and the red of the bricks blending admir- ably. On “thie north side of the house is a spacious _out- door __ living- room, with pergola roof alnind Ss die screens of fragrant rose vines. This porch is off the street, and is secluded and restful. On the south side of the house is a cleverly ar- ranged pergo- la, with a slate ed screen, de- signed to hide the kitchen garden, the gar- bage cans, the clothes line, and other unsightly but necessary arti- cles. The interior is not unlike that of a_ bungalow. The rooms are large, while the woodwork is all built on straight, craftsman - like lines. A delightful feature of the house is a large sleeping- porch. The many windows make it light and bright, and the absolute simplicity of its finish and furnish- wall of the front Fig. 10—The living-room has a batten wainscoting, bookcases built in, and a large ings make house- tenrace 1S of the fireplace built of brick and cement keeping a delight. March, rg10 Pe eae SMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 95 Fig. 1—The entrance to the formal garden photographed nine months after planting American Homes and Gardens’ Garden Competition The Fourth Prize Garden Won by Mrs. Anna H. Condict, of Essex Fells, N. J. I knew nothing about flowers, except to have a few palms and ferns about my home in winter, and a bed of geraniums or coleus on the lawn in summer. Because of poor health, the doctor advised an out-of-door life. At this time a friend lent me Mrs. Ely’s book, “A Woman’s Hardy Garden.” On reading it, I was filled with en- thusiasm to have a flower garden, es- pecially as she re- marked that the best success in flower culture was obtained by people in middle life. Chil- dren are then grown up, family cares lighter, and society less alluring. Sure- ly then I was fitted for the work! I would strive for ‘masses of color” and ‘“‘succession of bloom.” Not one plant of a kind, but a hundred of each, (AON, FIREE and a half years ago, a! os & Say YZ nA: ———= rae =|% 7/2 AIA 29 a EN Ee aes > STNG NESS EN ahead of me before I could achieve my object. But I have, in this my fourth summer, succeeded. For I have not only greatly improved my health, but I have also a fine kitchen garden, and a formal garden of which I am quite proud. Flowers are everywhere, of fifty different kinds, in beds close up to the house, along the driveway, and edging the walks in the vegetable garden. I can point to 2,000 perennials, 2,000 asters, and 500 other annuals, raised myself from seed: sa lhiecsandiea half years ago, owing to my ignorance of the best flower seeds fora beginner to work with, I decided to buy a ‘‘collection of an- .: nual flower seeds,”’ containing twenty- \| five packets, for $1; Ral also a ‘‘suburban gar- den collection of veg- etable seeds’ for $2.50. With these I began my_ work. Garden magazines and books were read, directions fol- lowed as nearly as possible; but the re- all of my own rais- sults of the first ing; that should be season’s endeavors my ambition. I little Oras were anything but realized a Cet eo a satisfactory. Seeds time the great planted too deep amount of work Fig. 2—The plan of Mrs. Condict’s garden failed to appear 96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS above ground. Some died from lack of water, others from too much. But the plants that did live encouraged me to redouble my efforts the following year. Those annuals that proved satisfactory at first were planted again the second year, and many new ones tried, thus doubling the number of plants. Fewer failures, too, were met with. Reading in a magazine of a woman’s first experience with a cold frame, filled me with desire to do likewise. Buying a ‘‘collection of perennial flower seeds,” I planted them in August, as the catalogues say. Of course, I had all kinds of tribulations before I learned how to manage the cold frames so that my seeds would not damp oft or grow too spindling. But November found me with several hundred little plants, which remained in the March, rg10 under glass when frost comes. My special pride is the formal garden, 68xgo0 feet, containing 3,000 plants and bulbs, and also during June and July 124 feet of sweet peas. This garden is less than a year old, for where it now stands, last year was only a grass lawn, with one long bed of perennials across the rear. ‘The pergola was not built until this May, two months before Figures 3 and 7 were taken. So my garden grew, not in one night, like ‘‘Jack’s Beanstalk,” but in one season. It is my first real flower garden, for my plants the three previous summers were scattered along through the kitchen garden, edging the gravel walks. ‘The diagram of the formal garden (Figure 2) is drawn to a scale of eight feet to one inch, and gives the position of the plants used, and size of Fig. 3—The twin beds showing the aster, phlox and golden glow in bloom, photographed September 6th frames all winter. When I closed my country home, about Thanksgiving, the cold frames were closed also. With great anxiety did I take my first peep under the glass, when the outer coverings were removed on April first. My delight was unbounded to find about half of them in good condition. ‘There are now ten cold frames in use on my place, but I have decided that it is better to plant seeds of perennials in May or June in open ground, in seed beds; then by fall most of them are large and strong enough to be put into the places where they are to bloom, and the roots protected by manure. Only those seedlings deemed too small and frail to withstand the alternate thawing and freezing in open ground are put beds. A front view showing twin beds and pergola en- trance, as seen from the street, is shown in Figure 3. A closer view of a portion of a twin bed, with sweet williams, foxgloves and hollyhocks in bloom July eighth, is given in Figure 7. The illustrations 5, 6, 7 and 8 were taken inside of the formal garden in July and August, and show beds of flowers with grass walks. Ever since beginning the gardening, one of my aims has been to see continuous bloom among the flowers. ‘This has been much more difficult to obtain than I had at first supposed, because the flowering period of most plants is only from two to four weeks. The twin beds, 11x33 feet, each side of the pergola, contain 1,000 plants and bulbs. March, 1910 Eight different kinds of flowers, planted in rows, together wwith 2,000 crocus in the lawn, have given continuous bloom since March 25th. ‘The flowers are crocus, tulip, sweet william, foxgloves, hollyhock, phlox, golden glow, cosmos and asters. The time of bloom, height, color and number of each used in this space 11x66 feet may be found in the following table: TABLE FOR CONTINUOUS BLOOM. Beds 11x66 feet. Time Bloom Plants Name . Rows Color Height Aug. 20-Sept. 10.176 Golden Glow..3 Yellow 8 ft. June 15-Aug. 1.. 88 Hbollyhocks ...2 Pink nly %5-Oct) 1... 80 Early Cosmos.:1 White Oe Fig. A The aay ten months old, ae the ee Bee photographed August 6th AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 97 Illustration Figure 6 shows a portion of this larkspur bed, 5-32 feet, alongside of the driveway. It contains 621 alanis and bulbs, and also has continuous bloom from April 15th until frost, with four kinds of flowers. April 15-May 15.250 Tulips, “Kaiserkroon”’ May 15-June 15.. 75 Columbines (Aquilegia) June 1-Oct. 1....152 Hardy Larkspur (Delphinium) Aug. 15-Sept. 15..144 Asters, “Lavender Gem” 621 The tulips, six inches apart, in one row, are all around the outside edge of the bed, and were planted in October. This June their places were filled with asters for September flowering. Columbines, single and double, and of all colors, Fig. 5—-Side view in formal garden showing grass walks and flower beds, photographed July 8th Fig. 6—A portion of a thirty-foot bed of continuous blooms from April 15th until frost; tulips, columbines, larkspur and asters’ TWO-FOOT GRASS WALK FOR SPRAYING. Time Bloom Plants Name Rows Color Height Anus, Sept. 15.-175 Hardy Phiox...2 Pink May 15-July 15.. 64 Foxgloves ....1 White 46, ft. May 15-July 15..100 Sweet William.1 Red %, April 15-May 15.250 Early Tulips Red ie Aug. 15-Sept. 15. 80 Asters White pa — 1013 Mch. 25-Apr. 25.. .2,000 crocus planted in lawn. Fig. 7—A view of the twin beds showing sweet william in front, fox ~ glove next and hollyhocks in the rear, photographed July 8th form the second row entirely around the bed; while the tall, hardy larkspurs, also planted last fall, and growing to the height of five feet, fill the long center with a mass of blue bloom during June and July. By cutting off each stalk close to the ground as soon as the flower fades, loos- ening up the soil about the roots, and putting a handful of manure about each plant, the larkspurs are helped to send up fresh stalks half the height of the first ones, each stalk bearing flowers, smaller in size, but large enough to keep the bed looking well up to frost. ‘This fall I intend to plant two dozen lililum speciosum one foot apart down the 98 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 miaddbhe, They Fig. 8—The gateway and privet hedge, photographed three months after planting Spencer hybrids be- bloom from the sates gin. ‘The two best middle of August 4 By Bae : “filers” for vacant for a month, while places to keep up the larkspurs are continuous bloom in small, and I think tre garden are as- will add to the ters and_ Shirley beauty of the bed. poppies. Seed of The right time the Shirley poppies, to make a _ flower scattered on the garden is in the top of beds in No- fall. Perennials vember, will bloom should be _ planted very profusely dur- in October, to make ing May and June. When they die, the seed is. saved, the plants pulled up, and the places filled with asters for Au- gust and September bloom. Oriental poppies, after the foliage turns brown, I cut down to the ground, and plant early growth, also tulips and lilies. Peonies and iris, if planted in_ spring, will not bloom for Avedon elarenciies for sweet peas should have manure forked into them in fall, and the seed planted by April Ist. ‘Earliest of ‘ “Little Brownie” all” sweet peas iff .~. Sere aa d ; marigolds in profu- give fine bloom for Fig. 9—The gladiola beds photographed August 6th sion among the two weeks before Fig. 10—The asters in bloom, photographed September 6th poppy roots. March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 99 Historic Mansions of the Rappahannock River By Edith Dabney ‘“Kenmore 9 The Home of Betty Washington, now in Possession of the Howard Family ROM the picturesque hills that form the Palisades of the Rappahannock River, Ht Nee & NSA ayes aN G ! ; os Sni4 viewed in its luxurious setting of rolling INI SF) meadow and forest lands, lying as some i He charming jewel endowed by nature and ae admired by man. Here, in a quiet, se- cluded spot, a fitting monument for history and for legend, stands ‘‘Kenmore,” the rare old home built by Col. Field- ing Lewis for Betty Washington, the sister of George Washington, whom he took there as his bride. The Kenmore estate is not large, as it includes only a few acres, but these, placed away and apart from the rest of the town, give an effect of ease and space unwarranted by the mere area. The grounds are partially enclosed by a heavy brick wall of English appearance, to which ivy clings with grim tenacity, and the mosses of ages have mellowed in tone; grounds where great trees stand sentinel around the mansion; oaks, maples and poplars; firs and sycamores, surviving the forest monarchs that have suc- cumbed to the wash of time and storm. The brick mansion built in 1749 might tell a tale of romance and history blended, could the staunch old walls but speak, for this was the house where Washington often found needed rest after tireless duty, and where his mother, “The Rose of Epping Forest,” lived to the last. The visiting stranger pauses always almost directly in front of “Kenmore” and gazes reverently at a granite obelisk bear- ing the simple inscription, ““Mary, the Mother of Wash- ington,” beneath which lies the quiet sleeper who blessed her country as no other woman can. In this great house, too, the historic town of Fredericksburg 1s ° was born Major Lawrence Lewis, who married beautiful Nellie Custis. “Kenmore” played its first part in history in the French and Indian Wars of 1755-57, being at that time a rendez- vous for recruits and headquarters for Washington, then a coloriel in the English army. ‘Twenty years later, when America was in the throes of her greatest struggle, General Washington many times sought his sister’s fireside for a council of war or a breath of home. During the Civil War the dwelling served as a barracks for Federal Sharp- shooters, and bears to-day the marks and scars of the shells which struck it during those troublous times. Col. Lewis must have had in view a lengthy existence for the house presented to his little bride, for its thick walls and massive foundations have weathered three bitter wars. Being desirous of having this home made one of the hand- somest in all Virginia, the early builder spared neither time nor trouble nor expense to attain that end, and the remarkable material and workmanship bespeak both an architectural triumph and a practical forethought. In color, the mansion is of the true Colonial buff, with the framework of the doors and arched window facings white, which contrast restfully with the time-stained stone steps that have borne the footsteps of one hundred and sixty years of joy and sorrow and of peace and war. The covered corridor or arcade forming a left wing to the building presents rather original lines, having served no particular purpose beyond proving a decorative relief from the kitchen, which is placed in the rear. But under those graceful archways, perhaps, Betty Lewis often sat with a bit of tatting or old-time sampler. Here, too, fancy makes Col. John Eager Howard Mary Washington General Seth Barton March, 1910 AMERICAN HOM Fae VU ae b ie) LEAR SAF AIM ViRLIS TALL ARES. ‘The drawing-room The entrance hall and stairway The library AND GARDENS Betty Washington March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 “Kenmore,’’ the home of Betty Washington The entrance hall and stainvay taal The drawing-room The central hall The library 102 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a picture of the greatest man of a great country pacing the floor of the quaint arcade, frowning over grave thoughts, or reveling in the air of peace and comfort. The unobstructive entrance at the right of the dwelling is thoroughly Colonial. “The main entrance door of heavy oak is adorned with an antique brass knocker, and opens immediately into the central hallway, which extends the depth of the house, joining and becoming a part of the library in the rear, and thus~rendering the exit to that portico direct from the library. A very charming idea, and one well executed. The paneling and wainscoting of the graceful stairway are painted white, as are the balustrades, and are in keep- ing with the rest of the hall. “he doorway shows pilasters as decoration, as well as a semi-circular cornice, which give an extremely good effect, while the fine carving on the cornice proper is far beyond the usual. An historic mar- quetry table stands under the old-fashioned mirror, and a grandfather’s clock and rare Jacobean chairs render the hall furniture harmonious on the whole and artistic in de- tail. The greatest and most unusual feature of “Kenmore” lies undoubtedly in its ceiling decorations, wonderful mar- vels of untiring care and faultless execution. ‘The plaster designs are said to have been executed by a British prisoner held during the Revolution, and of the graceful clusters of flowers, baskets of fruits and horns of plenty, more than twenty thousand separate and distinct pieces are clearly visible. The library ceiling is one of the most interesting in the mansion, while the plaster decoration over the mantel was designed by General Washington, and portrays several of /Esop’s fables, conspicuously that of the ‘‘Fox and Crow.” The mantel itself and pediments are of wood beautifully carved. ‘The great, arched doorway of this hall-library, with double pilasters and superbly carved frame, is an ex- quisite bit of workmanship. Near by stands the quaint old clock which belonged to Mary Washington, still mono- tonously telling the passing of time. The walls, which might otherwise be called too stiff and severe, are lent dis- tinction and charm by the beautiful portraits which hang thereon. The furniture of this Eighteenth Century room is of mahogany and rosewood, the chief ornament a bronze on the center table, which is one of Barye’s famous pieces. The drawing-room at the right of the hall, adjoining the library, holds much of historic interest, for here have ak ways gathered famous men and women. The walls show March, 1910 many choice portraits, among which is a noted one of Col. John Eager Howard, who was voted a medal by Congress for bravery in the battle of Cowpens. Here again are seen the wonderful ceiling and mantel decorations... Still true to the Colonial period, this room holds neither super- fluous furnishings nor ornaments, the most conspicuous among the art objects being the marble busts from the hand of the far-famed Powers, and which are placed in the chimney alcoves. Crossing the hall at the front of the house, the dining- room is reached, and the old-fashioned furniture and family plate, which abound in profusion in this historic room, give rise to envy in the heart of the uninitiated as well as the connoisseur. The rare Coleport and Willow ware, the Canton china and Wedgewood plates, have stood for years in the corner cupboards, and have graced many notable banquet tables; a glimpse of the past in a restless to-day. Throughout the house are evidences of the wealth and culture of the Eighteenth Century architect-builder, aided and augmented by the work of the generations who have lived and succeeded one another in the beautiful old man- sion. After ‘“‘Kenmore’”’ passed out of the Lewis family, the estate was owned successively by the Gordons and the Bar- tons, a curious fact being that Lieut. Seth Barton, a gal- lant young officer in the Revolution, who claimed Rhode Island as his birthplace, had two sons, General and Judge Barton, who, living in “Kenmore,” gave their aid to the Confederate cause, proving the walls and roof of the great house to have sheltered many men of many alle- giances. About twenty-five years ago the property was bought by Mr. W. P. Howard, a grand-nephew of Francis Scott Key, of “Star-Spangled Banner” fame. When the fine old man- sion came into the possession of Mr. Howard, it was in very bad repair, never having recovered from the effects of the Civil War, the scars of which show only too plainly. The grounds, which are now so charmingly restful, were then used as a common, without any regard to the damage inflicted there, or upon its surroundings. But bright days have come once more to “Kenmore,” and the historic mansion, in its setting of grand old trees and velvet greensward, harmonizes with the springtime verdure, in contrast with the winter’s snow. With the first bird song of early spring, narcissi, followed by daffodils, cluster over the lawn in great splashes of gold, as if Mary Washington’s cherished blossoms were blooming in their glory for this generation in honor of Auld Lang Syne. March, 1910 q) ay > AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 1—Mr. Gillespie’s Persian water garden 103 SRN BANOS, SIAN ‘$ Water Gardens of California By Kate Greenleaf Locke HERE is, near Santa Barbara, California, a snow-white villa set high upon a hill. Upon its pink-tiled roof the sun shines in unchecked brilliance, and when one steps out from the cool shadows of the house onto a broad-mosaiced terrace (Fig. 1) the blaze of light is dazzling. ‘That this momentary effect is followed immediately by a sense of serene coolness and repose, is due to still pools of water which mirror quietly the blue ether, as they lie facing the sky and absorbing its beauty. The top of the mountain has been smoothed away and upon it is set the villa and these basins. Around them waves the feathery green of the tree-tops of tall palms, giant-bamboo and bananas; and from the white balustrade one looks across an ocean of green to the blue Fig. 2—Dr. Rudolph Shiffman’s Italian garden with pool and Japanese fountain 104 Pacific and _ the island of Anna Cappa. Thus the color picture is exquisite, for the water re- fects a broad sur- face of charming blue, besides the white and green of its surroundings, and it 1s so clean, so washed of all that worries and_ ob- trudes unpleasantly that one is tempted to sit and dream for an indefinite time beside these silent pools. Seeing them, it 1s easy to under- stand the worship of water-gardens, that obtains in tor- rid countries. Below this plateau of pools the side of the mountain is terraced to its foot and the stone stairway ends at each terrace to develop a pool or fountain. Italian cypresses guard the steep descent, and clipped hedges of cypress form a wall of green which marks the line of the terrace, while pink and white and yellow water lilies float on these lower sheets of water, as pictured in Fig. 7. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 3—A novel feature of Mr. Eaton’s water garden is the floating tea-house built for the small lake in the center of the garden March, 1910 On another slope of the hill where the descent is more gradual, Mr. Gil- lespie, the owner of these gardens, has obtained a distinctly different effect. Here the ‘‘precious sparkling fluid”’ slips down the hill- side through a nar- row stone channel, which is laid in the center of a broad mosaiced brick pavement. The slope is gentle and the water glides over its stone bed in a never-ceasing flow which charms the eye and the senses. On the brow of the hill at the head of the walk, stands a white-columned pergola (Fig. 6), anda curved stone bench invites one to rest beneath the rose vines that shade it. Below the hill at the other end of the pavement the water finds vent in a fountain, where it pours through the mouth of a great lion’s head. The charm of a single shining thread of water slipping noiselessly down the middle of a broad flat pavement is Fig. 4—The fountain in Mr. Canfield’s water garden March, 1910 peculiar, but it is very distinct, and Mr. Gillespie has enhanced it by planting close to the sides of the pavement a wall of green in clipped foliage. He admits that the idea is not original, having seen the same ef- fect produced in a garden in the sad- Paced \risland’ 1of Martinique many years ago. It is strange that in this age when we are so prone to lay waste our powers, there should de- velop a sudden taste for this most delicate and poetical phase of gardening among the people who are building beautiful homes. One has but to look at the illustration of Mr. Canfield’s garden (Fig. 4) to imagine nymphs, nereids and naiads in the deep shadows of the trees. The Tritons blowing their conch shells of spray in the fountain, are given a setting in the surrounding trees, in the mingling of marble with VEER IGAN HOMES! AND GARDENS Fig. 5—The huge leafed lotus of the Nile 105 flowers and _ foliage, which make them appear perfectly at home; if there is an intruder in this syl- van spot it is not the Deity, who has been placed here to guard and give it character, but the visitor who is out of tune with its classic beauty. The man who conjures from a bit of roll- ing ground such an effect as has been secured here, surely combines the feel- ing of the painter, the sculptor and the poet with a deep and passionate un- derstanding of na- ture’s necromancing possibilities. “To him her dim shades must be haunted by woodland creatures, amongst his flowers Proserpine might wander and Aphrodite be tempted to bathe in his pool. This pool is the central point of interest in such a gar- den and the planting of the trees and shrubbery and the surrounding flowers which will be reflected in it, should be Fig. 6—At the head of the walk, with a stream flowing through it, stands a white columned pergola 106 controlled by the po- sition of the basin. When a_ fountain is the center from which radiate shady paths and sun- flecked vistas, their charm is doubled and their excuse for being is multi- plied a hundred fold. One of the most charming of all of the possibilities of a water-garden, is demonstrated in the one devised by Mr. Charles Frederick Eaton, on his place at Montecito, as shown in Fig. 3. On a small arti- ficial lake he has built a pavillion boat. This is an exquisite little floating tea-room over which vines and blossoms clamber. It is manipulated by means of a secret cable under the water which sends it glid- ing among the water lilies in any given direction; here the hostess of Riso Rivo (‘Laughing Rivulet’’) sits en- throned beside her tea-table while her guests occupy the scarlet cushioned seats by the rail: and with music and tea- drinking they are wafted as by a gentle breeze about the lake. ‘The real excuse for this miniature lake is, that from the prominent place on the hill-top that it occupies, an ap- parently —illimitable view of the ocean is obtained, with the Santa Barbara Isles in the foreground. When seen from the protectins shade of enormous live-oak trees, their twisted branches interlacing over- head, and over the tops of groves, of palms, glives, and other semi-tropical growth, the blue Pacific sparkling in the sunlight is en- trancingly bewitch- ing. From the earth- filled boxes that are about the base of the pavillion, spring vines .that flower and foliate at all seasons of the year. and in the wistaria season, from _ its roof of yellow thatch hang white ‘and purple clusters of blossoms so thickly as to clothe AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 7—The terrace and pool in Mr. Gillespie’s Persian garden Fig. 8—The patio in Mr. Borden’s villa at Alhambra, California March, 1910 it with a wonderful beauty. Papyrus, and all kinds of Egyptian water grasses flour- ish on this lake, to- gether with the huge leaved lotus of the Nile (Fig. 5) ; bril- liant birds are often attracted to it in their passage through this por- tion of the world, and the pathway ot the little pleasure boat among the flowers and floating plants is one of en- chantment. In Mr. Borden’s villa at Alhambra, the owner has se- cured this enchant- ment within doors, for his house is built in Pompeian style about an open inner court, as shown in Fig. 8. The space enclosed by the fluted columns which up- hold the roof is given over completely to a luxuriant garden of water plants, and it can be readily imag- ined that the domestic life which is carried on about this lovely central garden spot would be tinctured by its unigue charm. The sunken garden of the modern Italian villa de- pends for it chief interest on the method of using the waters for embellishments and beautification. A marble tank in the open sunshine may not possess quite the charm of the sequestered pool surrounded by bending trees, where shy wild creatures stop to drink, but without it the most elaborately planned garden would ap- pear lifeless. No gar- den is complete with- out the water feature —in fountain, in run- ning stream, 1n cas- cade or still pool; birds and butterflies, fountains and rivu- lets, are in a garden the needed touches of life, and no mat- ter how beautiful the picture, it is dead without them; dead without that contrast which ani- mation gives to the quiet and placidity of the pool. March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 107 Trimming Street and Lawn Trees By E. P. Powell GANONG HE care of street and lawn trees is an art ESS by itself; although an art that is easily ac- ii cated by every home maker. Notes Som N\ thing like enough attention has been paid aunt) s\) to this sort of work. Our street trees all SRACUER over the country are simply stuck into the ground, and left to shift for themselves. The result is that the less said about them the better. Those villages which are best shaded are, after all, those that have been most neglected; for where any attention has been given, it has been turned over to professional trimmers who have heretofore been unmitigated nuisances. I believe it 1s pos- sible now to secure from Washington, or from our agri- cultural colleges young fellows who have been trained along the line of tree culture. I should like to give your readers a few simple rules covering my own experience and which, if followed, will secure for them healthy trees, well-shaped and long-lived. My first rule is to cut the transplanted tree very sharply back, before planting. In handling maples I remove every limb, and I cut as closely with nearly all other shade trees. If setting rather large trees which have already formed large limbs, I leave four or five inches of three or four limbs after removing the top down to about ten feet. My next point is to watch the starting of new shoots on these poles or trees, and remove those which are not needed to make a well-formed head. It is not advisable to remove these too rapidly, for if the tree is full of vitality it must be allowed to express itself in the way of limbs and leaves. Yet very soon I get out of the way every twig that will be of no use, or will grow in the wrong direction. At the same time, that is within a month of the starting out of the shoots, I remove also all sucker limbs around the bottom of the tree. By this time I expect the development of a few stout shoots which are to constitute the future head of the tree. My third point is to mulch every tree as soon as it is set with a material that is pervious to the air, but retentive of moisture. After experimenting with a great many ma- terials, I have come to prefer the ashes of anthracite coal. This material holds moisture admirably, and at the same time it allows the roots to be aerated sufficiently. The ashes of bituminous coal are too much charged with sulphur, and not desirable in any quantity. Another excellent mulch is autumn leaves, or sawdust, or both together, after they have been used in the stable for bedding, and are pretty well mixed with manure. Rank manure alone is not desirable. Any stable bedding as a dressing around a tree must be used with dis- cretion. Tan-bark and coal refuse, or for that matter almost any old waste material will serve your purpose. Those who apply compost for manure can take directly from their compost piles, and apply freely. Understand that this mulching is an absolute necessity at any time, and especially if dry weather should follow your planting. Your fourth rule should be to start the head of your tree at about the height it is desirable that it should remain when full grown; and then let your trees stand in the row so far apart that they will not collide seriously in after years. Street trees should stand about forty feet apart or possibly forty-five; and the head should be not less than eight feet from the ground. The reason for this particularity is that Nature did not originate trees simply to give you shade from the sun. Every tree needs its leaves for its own in- dividual purposes, and one of these is to shade its own bark from the heat of the sun. Some trees are so delicate in their bark, that if you remove large limbs you will find that the sun, striking directly on the body and limbs will cause the bark to split. Then the worms work in, and the people say the worms have killed the tree. They have done nothing of the kind; they have only begun to work over the dying wood into worm food. Some trees can stand this trimming up very much better than others; but the maple is specially sensitive, and that is the reason that we have so many half dead and worm eaten maple trees along our roadsides. Properly grown and properly trimmed, the maple is very resistant to insect attacks. There is, of course, a difference in maples, and for street trees the Norway maple stands eminently first. It is perhaps the best lawn tree in existence, and if you will give it room one tree will almost shade a whole lawn. The hard or sugar maple is most liable to be injured by bad trimming. Its sweet juices are liked by in- sects as well as by men. Cutting limbs generally sets these juices running and invites mischief. My fifth rule in dealing with lawn and street trees is to always have on hand kerosene emulsion, with which I give them a thorough washing once a year at least, while young. It is the best material for brushing well into the bark’s spaces, to drive out invaders. If insects have attacked the tree, bore them out with flexible wire, and apply the emulsion every two or three weeks. It should be applied very much stronger than when sprinkled on your rose bushes or goose- berries; take one pint of it to two gallons of water. This emulsion can be made on any rainy day, and kept in a store- room, in good condition for use for a whole year. This use of kerosene emulsion does not, of course, make it un- necessary at times to apply Bordeaux mixture. In fact, I would apply this Bordeaux fungicide early in the spring, to every decidious tree in my possession. This, of course, must be done with a pump and a nozzle that throws a fine spray. You need not expect to have clean, fine trees unless you take care of them. In fact, a man should examine every tree that he owns, however old it may be, at least twice each year. If the bark is loose at any point he can find it out by tapping with the handle of his knife. Loose bark should be removed, and the scar washed with emulsion, especially around the edges, so that it will heal over quickly. If borers get in at the bottom, pile a bushel or two of coal ashes around the base of the tree, so that they cover the en- trance holes of the beetles. ‘This is my rule for old trees, and with such care a lawn may be kept in perfection for one hundred years. The same rule holds for lawn trees as for shade trees, that is, do not set them too close. You must allow for growth. If you wish the ground to be better covered at once, put in what we call fillers, that is, trees that can be cut out after they have served their purpose. It would be just as well in many cases to bank shrubs about the tree lawn for a few years. When the trees have become large enough for individual beauty, remove the shrubs. Only be sure that choice trees, intended for permanent growth, are set far enough apart to allow for full development. A few of our very best street trees are the linden, sugar maple, white weeping elm, catalpa speciosa ‘and white ash. The maple does not heal over its wounds readily, but otherwise the sugar maple would be an ideal tree for our roadsides. ‘Ihe white ash heals over readily, as does also the linden, making these two trees among the best for street planting. The linden has the advantage of furnish- ing an enormous amount of food for our bees. 108 The Residence of Walter D. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 Rowles, Montclair, New Jersey By Robert Prescott FE house built for Mr. Rowles is a unique expression of the old New England farm- house. ‘The attractive entrance doorway, with hooded cover, the small, lighted win- dows, and the trellises built at either side of the entrance, at the corner of the house, and along the side of the living- porch, are all characteristic of its prototype. The site upon which the house is built is considerably higher than the street line; therefore, it permits of the building of a series of terraces from the sidewalk to the entrance porch. The foundation of the house is built of cement stucco. The two-toned, blue figured paper. To the left of the hall is built the living-room, which extends the entire depth of the house. This living-room is also trimmed with white wood, painted white, mingling well with the natural color of the Japanese grass cloth with which the walls are covered. ‘The broad, open fireplace, built of red brick with facings and hearth of the same, forms the chief feature of the living-room. French windows, placed at each side of the fireplace, open direct to the living-porch built at the side of the house, and affording the privacy which is not obtainable when the living-porch is built in connection with the entrance porch. The dining-room has a wainscoting composed of The New England farm house is the prototype of this excellent design superstructure is of frame construction, covered on the ex- terior with matched sheathing, building paper, and white cedar shingle, the last being stained gray, while the trim- mings are painted white. The roof is also shingled and is stained a moss-green, blending well with the green of the magnificent trees which overhang it. The hall, built in the center of the house, is treated with white wood, painted white. It contains a simple staircase, with white painted bal- usters, rises, and mahogany treads and rail, the latter sweeping down to the newell post, composed of a cluster of balusters. The walls of the hall are covered with a white painted battens, extending from the floor to the plate-rack placed at the height of seven feet. The panels formed by these battens are covered with a moss-green burlap. The wall space above the plate-rack has a frieze in autumnal colors of old green and brown. ‘The second story contains three bedrooms, sewing-room and a bath- room furnished with porcelain fixtures. [There are two servant bedrooms and bathroom, and a trunk room on the third floor. The laundry, steam-heating apparatus and fuel- rooms are built in the cellar. The cost of the house was $9,000. Mr. Christopher C. Myers, of Montclair, New Jersey, was the architect. March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 109g m= Be ieee 3 ‘ Gee Ngee ay Tee ME RD The dining-room has white painted battens with Panels of green burlap. The fireplace in the living-room is built of red brick with the Mahogany furniture completes the furnishing of the room facings extending to the white painted mantel shelf Atle L261 6 Zed foo 96°40" Dintg Zoom AAO 160° Bed Foon A 6° 4 2IO" Bed Foon SO%14 8 First floor plan The owner’s bedroom has a gray and white striped wall-paper on its walls, white painted The hall has a Colonial staircase with white painted trim, and Colonial furniture, including a four-posted bed balusters and risers, mahogany treads and rail AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARVERMS March, 1910 A House Built for Mr. J. A. Garrett, at Bronxville, New York By Paul Thurston SRE architects who designed the house tor ) Mr. Garrett, planned it according to the site upon which it was built. The rear of the lot being much higher than the front, it was*deemed best to raise the en- trance on the level with the ground line, so that the former could be reached direct from the graded level. The vestibule, which is reached from the entrance, is provided with a short flight of stairs which take one to the level of the main me ere floor, while the stairs elena Wire es 8 6x10.6 to the second floor ascend over the ones leading from the ves- tibule. Opposite the stairway a broad win- dow is built, under which is placed a win- dow seat. The hall, living and dining- rooms are trimmed with cypress finished in a soft brown stain. The living-room has a group of four win- dows built at the front. The kitchen is L trimmed with cypress and is provided with a large pantry, sink, dresser and range. A walled terrace opens direct from the kitchen. The second story of the house contains three bedrooms and a batkroom, the latter furnished with porce- lain fixtures and expcsed nickel-plated plumbing. The if aD. | LYWING ZOO/L 12 bX (4 TERROR Lhling Koork 12-9X 15 First floor plan woodwork of the bedrooms is painted white, while the walls of each room are treated in one particular scheme. A short flight of stairs from the vestibule leads to the cel- lar, which is built almost above the grade line. -This cel- lar is cemented, and it contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms, cold storage, laundry and workshop. ‘The principal features of the house are the stone chimneys corresponding one with the other in size and height, and built at the side of the building. These chimneys and the stonework of the underpinning are of local blue stone laid with wide white mortar joints. The exterior’ walls above this underpinning are covered. with white cedar shingles left to weather finish a natu- ral silver-gray color. The trimmings are painted bottle green. The roof is covered with shingles and stained a moss-green tone, blending well with the massive folli- age by which the house is surrounded. It is a difficult matter to secure a design for DED RO0O0rk G9 6x/5 fy Second floor plan an attractive house at. so small a cost of $3,500, but ineetiismmedse the architects, Messrs. Reed and Stem, of New York, have succeeded in producing a very interesting little house, furnished with the best appointments. March, 1910 ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS E. L. Chifford, Wilmette, Illinois By Henry Hawley GTI house built for Mr. Clittord represents ® a happy combination of good elevation, well-arranged plans and a small expendi- ture of money. All three are important factors in the building of a small suburban home. The house is of the gambrel roof type, with a small entrance porch at the front of the house, and a cement chimney built on the outside and forming an architectural feature in itself. The underpinning is built of rock-faced stone laid in a rough manner. The first story is built of wood, with the ex- terior coated with cement stucco on a metal lath placed on a wooden frame. The second story is covered with shingles stained in a moss-green effect, harmonizing well with the gray stucco and the green bottle trimming. The hall is provided with an attractive stairway leading to the second story. The main feature of the living-room is the fire- place built with red brick facings extending from the floor to TT CHEN GXIO Dining koore J2KI% | U | The first floor plan Brass hood of the living-room fireplace the ceiling, and provided with a hammered brass hood over the opening to the fireplace. This living-room, as well as the hall and dining-room, is trimmed with oak. The walls of the first room are treated in a soft yellowish brown tone, while the hall is in yellow and the dining-room is blue. The dining-room is provided with a plate-rack extending around the room at the height of seven feet; the wall space below the plate-rack is covered with blue burlap, while the space above is treated with a yellow tone. The dining-room also has a brick fireplace finished with a wooden mantel. The kitchen, opening direct from the dining-room, is provided with a large pantry, sink, dresser and lobby large enough to admit an ice-box. ‘The second floor contains three bed- rooms and a bathroom, the latter wainscoted and furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumbing. The cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel-rooms and laundry. The cost of the house was $3,800. Mr. Thomas L. Mar- tin, of Pittstown, Pennsylvania, was the architect. DEDLOO/Z 9 xXi/ Second floor plan 112 that is seen at the present time is not due to any lack of appropriate material. In fact the supply in the shops show a marked advance, artistically, over the products of previous years. Wall coverings are com- ing more and more into prominence for their contributory part in household decoration. So many and so diverse are the conditions to be met in each and every home that no specific rule may be laid down for their selection, but a knowledge of what may be had in the stores will be helpful to every one who has a problem at hand in the papering of a room, apartment or entire house. Bedroom papers are to be found in so many exquisite colorings and attractive de- signs that one may hesitate a long time over the array. A few years ago there were only highly colored floral effects in exaggerated sizes; now there are dainty patterns in everv possible tone, in combinations that suggest innumerable kinds of pretty “schemes.” Prices, too, of these bedroom papers bar none from their purchase, as even the ten-cent roll will often lend distinctive charm to a wall. The flower designs are naturally the first on the list, but a fancy for something different from roses or pop- pies may this season be readily gratified, for there are violets, pansies, sweet peas, corn flowers and nasturtiums in natural and convention- alized forms. Some of these flowers are supported on a trellis of square lines (as in the illustration) or a diamond framework. An upper-third An ideal bath-room paper March, of a wall looks extremely well when covered with a trellis design, with a plain, striped or texture paper below it. When this is done the joining of the two papers should be covered with a wooden molding. A newer phase for decorating the extreme upper wall, however, is to apply a flower border with its lower edges cut out to follow the design. These cut-out borders cost from fifteen cents a yard upwards. A graceful border de- sign of La France roses caught up with light-blue ribbons (see illustration) measuring ten inches at its widest part costs forty cents a yard. A narrower border at the bot- tom, six inches wide, costs twenty-five cents a yard, and the pink chambray paper costs seventy cents a single roll of eight yards, twenty- two inches wide. ‘These are all imported papers. If a flower border is not desirable for its conflicting with the colors of cretonne or chintz there are simple ribbon borders in pink, blue, green or yellow that may be used with the lower portion either cut out or left with a straight margin. Some very narrow borders are applied around the casings of doors and windows, or to form panels of each division of the wall. That the border has come to stay is evidenced by the manufacturer, both here and abroad, of stuffs not only to harmonize but to exactly copy its motive. Even in expensive silks and hand-printed linens this idea is apparent. ‘The advantage is obvious, as it leaves the main portion of the wall for a plain or tex- ture paper to serve as a back- ground, while the decorative note in the border is enhanced 1910 March, 1910 A garden tapestry by its repetition on bed-covers, curtains and furniture cov- erings. Cretonnes and chintzes to match the papers for side walls are still in vogue, but more discrimination is shown in adopting them in large quantities. Striped papers for chambers appear in varieties of ways —two-tones either wide or narrow; jaspe stripes or with moire effects; mixtures of stripes and flowers (an English paper is illustrated at eighty cents a roll), or chambrays in shadow lines. A striped paper that is sharply defined is often wearisome when it is used in a room that is occupied continually, but for sleeping-rooms or guest-rooms this ob- jection does not matter. A bathroom that opens from a bedroom may carry the same wall paper if it is protected from moisture by a coat of colorless shellac. Bathroom papers that are made in this country cost thirty-five cents a roll in a medium grade, but if one wishes to expend two dollars a roll the German presentation of sea gulls flying over a gray-green sea is an ideal selection. A sanitary wall texture that has in a short time become popular for bathrooms has followed the ar- tistic trend in quiet colorings and simple designs, and is well worth its cost of sixty cents a yard as itis over a yard wide. Two places in the home ofter themselves for a decora- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A trellis background 114 A double border tive wall paper—the hall and the dining-room. For the former place a picture tapestry in good tones takes the at- tention pleasantly, requiring neither paintings nor prints to complete its decorative effect. The garden tapestry that is illustrated is made in England and costs eighty cents a roll. An American tapestry paper called “The Cedars” has an unusual combination of gray, green and gold in its printing and at seventy-five cents a roll creates a lovely eftect of trees silhouetted against a sunset sky. The plate rail that is now adopted in nearly every dining- room is too often an expressionless feature in this room, as everyone does not have a collection of china or metal to display. A scenic border to fit the space, such as the ships at sea that form the heading for this department, imparts more interest than merely filling in with a figured paper. A selection of this kind is also suggested for a den if the lines of the room suit it. The general improvement in good taste in “wall decora- tion is apparent in the demand for papers of a neutral char- acter—grays, browns and buffs—which a few years ago was hardly felt. Now, every house must have some room treated with a gray paper, with curtains, rugs and pictures for the decorative elements. A foliage paper Flowers and stripes A Colonial effect it4 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS March, 1910 2 Oe om Taw ae. -™ - FR PSP ae re . a = my rs se we se ee mite A SaaS, st aba a a + ~ Ss ty ‘% Ge 4 e io ¢ P ae i a ode a a wef, COTA |e fiat Reinforced concrete is used for the first story, and shingles for the second. A shingled roof with a thatched effect is the feature of the house The Home of A. F. Nomis, Esg., Montclair, New Jersey By Francois Picard se” R. NORRIS, who is the architect of his own with a broad landing and seat, is placed at the front of the \ house, has used a combination of concrete room, while at the opposite end of the room is built the and shingle in a most artistic manner. The great open fireplace, furnished with Welsh tiled facings first story, together with the steps and and hearth, and a mantel shelf. Bookcases are built in at porches, are of reinforced concrete. The each side of the fireplace. French windows open from the exterior wall surface is finished in its living-room to the living-porch, which is built at the side natural gray cement color. The second of the house. The dining-room is also trimmed with cypress, and third stories are of wood, and the exterior framework finished in Flemish brown, and it has an open fireplace, with is covered with facings of mottled shingles, stained vitrified tile rising and finished to cor- from the floor to respond with the the ceiling. color scheme of the The casings of cement walls. The the doors and win- roof is also covered dows reach from with shingles, laid the floom )tometne in an imitation of a ceiling, while a thatched roof. ‘The frieze (expe mmans vestibule is reached around the room on from the porch, at a line with the door the front of the and window cas- house, and forms ings. The doors ane access to the leading to the but- small hall, from ler’s pantry and the which the dining- den are made of room and_living- beveled batten cyp- room are reached. ress fastened to- The last is finished gether by heavy in cypress, in a soft wrought iron bolts. brown tone. The The wall surface is staircase, rising out of rough plaster, of the living-room First floor plan tinted a soft, yel- V x (SKIEH DINING Room SERVANTS PORCH KITCHEN March, 1910 lowish brown tone. The butler’s pantry is fitted with a_ sink, dresser and drawers. The kitchen has a range, dresser, sink, closet, a lobby large enough to admit an icebox, and a servants’ porch. The den is reached from the din- ing-room, and has a door leading to the the service court. The second floor of the house contains the Owner's suite, guest rooms and bathroom. The owner’s room as well as the other rooms are carried out in one particular color scheme in the tones of soft brown and green. The bathrooms have tiled floors and wainscotings, with the walls above the wainscotings treated with white — enamel paint. These bath- rooms are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickle- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS An arts and crafts dining-room in perfect harmony 115 plated plumbing. There are two sery- ants’ bedrooms, and bathroom, and a trunk-room on the third floor. The cellar is pro- vided with a laundry, hot-water heating ap- paratus and _ fuel- rooms complete. The service end of a house is not, as a rule, very attractive, but in the designing of the service end of this house particular atten- tion has been given to its detail. The lobby is provided witha large closet fitted with a window and used for a cooling and storage room. A door opposite the one in the lobby opens into the den from the servants’ porch, and provides a way by which the owner of the house may reach the rear of the building. The balcony over is reached from one of the bedrooms. 116 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS March, 1910 Garden Notes Conducted by Charles Downing Lay Fifteen Good Lilies GFaGMAGS er NS are numerous lilies, and all of them have some beauty, but many are tender or difhcult to grow; indeed, we might say that almost all are difficult, or ines) at least capricious, and even the experts CIERE disagree as to the cause. In the following list there are fifteen which are easy to grow—for lilies. All are beautiful and worth planting, even if they die the second year. As a rule, lilies should be planted in a fairly rich, sandy loam, where there is good drainage and where the water cannot stand in winter. ‘The front of the rhododendron bed usually satisfies these conditions. The shaded ground, the winter mulch of leaves, and the freedom from disturb- ance which they have in the rhododendron bed is a dis- tinct advantage. They bloom late, and give the rhodo- dendron bed a gay appearance at a dull time. Besides, the rhododendrons form a grateful background for the thin-leaved, stalky lilies. Spring is the best time to plant most lilies. 1. Lilium candidum. ‘The Madonna lily is perhaps the greatest favorite of all white lilies. The flowers are large and handsome, on a stalk four or five feet high. They are often planted with perennial larkspur, because they bloom at the same time. This lily must be planted in August, as it cannot be moved after the basal leaves grow in September. 2. Lilium auratum. The golden-banded lily of Japan. Has white flowers with a yellow strip on each petal, and numerous purple spots. It is four to eight feet high, and blooms in July and August. It is best planted in large clumps in partial shade. 3. Lilium speciosum, the Japanese lily, in several vari- eties, white, pink, deep rose and crimson, is very lovely. It should be in good clumps in the shrubbery or herbaceous border. It is the latest lily to flower, and grows three to four feet high. 4. Lilium testaceum, the Nankeen lily, is supposed to be a hybrid, and is perhaps the most beautiful of all lilies. ‘Lhe whole plant is full of grace and charm, and its delicate warm, yellow flowers, with brick-red stamens, are entranc- ing. It grows in full sun or partial shade, and will en- dure much dryness. It looks better planted singly among evergreens than in clumps. It is four to six feet high. 5. Lilium tenuifolium, the Siberian coral lily, is very low—not more than two feet high—with fine leaves and five or six brilliant scarlet flowers with a waxy texture. It is good planted singly in the rock garden. 6. Lilium sulphureum, the sulphur lily, is very large and somewhat heavy and solid, but delicate in color. It is primrose inside and rather a soiled chocolate-white out- side. It is three to four feet high. 7. Lilium canadense, the wild yellow lily, has many nodding, clear yellow flowers, on a stalk two to five feet high. It does well in partial shade. 8. Lilium elegans has many varieties in red, orange and yellow. All have merit and are interesting in the border with day lilies and iris. g. Lilium superbum, the American Turk’s cap lily, grows six or seven feet high, bearing a large cluster of bright orange flowers with dark spots. It is good in the shrubbery or the wild garden. 10. Lilium Henryi is like speciosum in shape, but is orange-yellow with green bands. It will grow six feet high, and when established bears perhaps twenty flowers. Plant singly in the shrubbery. 11. Lilium tigrinum splendens, the tiger lily, is well known, and in the right location very handsome. In full sun it appears pale and washed out in color, but in shade it is more brilliant. When once established, it will take care of itself and increase. 12. Lilium chalcedonicum, the scarlet martagon, is bril- liant scarlet, three or four flowers to a stalk four feet high. It will grow in dry places better than most lilies. 13. Lilium rubellum, is low with delicate pink flowers which last a long time. It is earlier than most lilies and would look well if planted with white Viola cornuta. 14. Lilium maculatum, is a Japanese lily of great hardi- ness and beauty. It is three feet high with reddish orange flowers in clusters of six to ten. It should be planted singly in a clump of early white Phlox, perhaps. 15. Lilium Grayi, is a native lily with dark orange red, bell-shaped flowers, beautifully spotted. It grows one and a half to three feet high, and is excellent in the wild gar- den, as well as in the more cultivated one. March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Open Air Orchard Heating By W. Frank McClure WG Zo CAGES HE process of artificially heating the air in = an orchard, on a dangerous fall in tem- perature, could be demonstrated in no bet- ter way than by the description and illus- trations herewith presented of the recent success in saving fruit in the Grand Valley in Colorado. The 1909 crop of fruit, Palisades above to Loma below, valued at $3,000,000, owes its existence to a unique battle which was waged against Jack, Frost at a time when the fruit was at its tenderest age. By unusual generalship and the work of hundreds of volunteers, the temperature in these orchards was actually raised eight and nine degrees over twenty-seven miles, and a precedent was established which will mean much to the fu- ture. In California it is said that the temperature has been raised heretofore in some single orchards two or three degrees, but never to eight degrees, and never before has the work been carried on over so great an area. Plans are now on foot to have every bear- from the Raising the temperature in a Colorado orchard ing orchard in the Grand Valley protected by next season, not that there is any likelihood of frost every spring in this section, but because the protection against possible repetition of this year’s experience is considered cheap in- surance. Representatives of other fruit-growing sections have also recently visited the Grand Valley, sent there from their several communities to* learn more of the recent ex- periment. The raising of the temperature over this large area was accomplished by means of some 300,000 smudge pots of Spraying the trees with apparatus which also conveys oil to the pots many different types, some burning oil for fuel and some coal, and placed at intervals in the orchard, after the manner shown in the accompanying photograph. Oil was carried to the pots in wagon tanks equipped for the purpose. Spraying machines were also used in dis- tributing the oil. A large supply of lighters was kept in readiness in a dry place. Many of these lighters were made by wrapping waste about a twisted wire. All operations were directed from Grand Junction. Weather stations established over much of the territory, and equipped with thermostats, when the threatening weather arrived, made half-hourly reports on the tem- perature to Grand Junction. When finally the danger point was approaching, warning was sent to all the ranchmen to light the fires. ‘Volunteers also in nearly all walks of life made their way in automo- biles and wagons and on bicycles over the entire area. The Trades and Labor Assembly adjourned A photograph taken late in the evening, showing coal pots with draft its meeting, and worked all night rendering assistance. Men worked in shifts, some at night lighting the fires, and others in the daytime filling the pots. Even women assisted in the work. The campaign in all lasted four days. So well did this orchard-heating idea work, that while the tempera- ture outside the heated area dropped as low as 20 degrees, within the heated area it did not go below 29% degrees. Seventy-five per cent. of all the fruit trees which were in bloom were cared for directly, while even orchards owned by those who were skeptical of the idea were saved by the 118 fires in the adjoining territory. As previously stated, there were a great many different kinds of pots used in this work. The number used per acre depends upon the size. Forty, sixty or eighty pots per acre was the average. When coal is used, it is usually lump or nut. With coal at $4 a ton, some one has figured that it cost him $4 per acre to heat his orchard for a six-hour run. Some of the oil heaters are used to the number of sixty or eighty to the acre. In the opinion of some, it is better to have a small-sized pot and use more to the acre, say sixty or eighty, as just stated. “Taking one of the many kinds of pots as an example, and figuring coal at $4 a ton, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS One of the many different styles of pots used in smudging March, 1910 or 15 deg. over a large area has been settled beyond doubt, the next problem facing the fruit growers is that of regulating the temperature and economy of fuel and labor. For example, there is no need of raising the temperature 10 deg. when rais- ing it 2 deg. will put the blos- soms out of danger. Some are planning to meet this problem by having a large number of small pots and only light enough in them to keep the temperature above the danger point. Others have devised pots with a system of drafts, so that the heat may be increased or de- creased as is necessary. The fruit ranches of the Grand Valley are very exten- themmcorst Of sive. One, for equipping with example, con- heaters and all tains 243 acres, other facilities and is valued for the first at a quarter of yea tor ten a milion acres is esti- dollars. Its mated "at crops include $449.25, and peaches, = ap- for the second ples,” pease year $186.25. plums, cherries This provides and = soft-shell in the initial An oil pot with hood in place Another type of pot in which oil is used almonds. An cost for 800 army of people heaters, or 80 to the acre. It also provides for 40 tons of coal, kindling lighters, 50 pounds of waste, 200 gallons of oil for lighting, the storage for oil, and the building of a coal house. For the first year’s equipment for oil pots, in- cluding 800 pots for ten acres, and fuel at 5 cents a gallon, the cost is estimated at $494.25, and for the second year $153.75. Now that the question of raising the temperature even 10 is required to pick the fruit. By another season it is ex- pected electric lines will be running out to the orchards all over the valley, and refrigerator cars will be carried right to the orchards. The system of heating an orchard, as described herewith, is applicable for any orchard of any climate, and is particularly interesting for the fruit growers of Florida, or any climate which is liable to be visited by a sudden and unexpected frost. A Combined Forcing Bed and Storage Pit By Richard Maxwell Winans Yaax,OR anyone growing and storing vegetables, | whether living in the suburbs with only a h “handkerchief” garden, or on a large ii ih country estate with hundreds of acres, the ra all #) following plan for a combined hot bed, S MGREE cold frame and storage pit will have ad- vantages not to be secured in any similar arrangement. As a hot bed or cold frame it has the ad- vantage of the air space and head room of a hot-house, with morning and afternoon light reaching every inch of bed space, and in which cucumbers, melons, tomatoes, egg plant, etc., may be grown from planting of seed to fruiting maturity. As a storage pit after the growing season, it is perfect; the crops are easily stored, covered for protection with little trouble, and are accessible in any weather. It is simple of construction, inexpensive and permanent. It may be of any length desired; to hold a few hot bed sash or a hundred or more feet long. ul f Select a location for the bed that is elevated rather than depressed, having good drainage. If sheltered from north winds, all the better. The length of the bed should run north and south, to insure an equal distribution of light to the plants from both sides. First “‘lay out” the bed roughly, but with accuracy as to “lines,” fourteen feet wide, the length desired. Inside measurement of the bed is 11 feet 6 inches. ‘The extra two feet width allows posts to be easily set on a true line without interfering with sides or banks. Plow off in layers and remove with wheel or slip scrapers to a depth of two to four feet, or deeper if desired, where elevation and drainage are good. Where tomatoes are to be fruited in the frame, the bottom should be at least three feet below the ground level, allowing for six to eight inches of “‘soil”’ filling. With spirit-level and “‘straight-edge,”’ or line, get the floor of the bed level lengthwise, with a slight slope from March, 1910 sides to center, for drainage. When a pit is finished, dig a trench in the center and lay a four or six-inch tile in sand or gravel, to insure the drainage of surplus water. A perfectly dry floor is essential when the pit is used for storage. Allowance must be made in setting posts for thickness of inside planks or boards. Finished inside measurement must be exactly rr feet 6 inches in the clear at the top. Sawed posts are best; they save hewing to obtain a straight face inside. They should extend twelve to eighteen inches above the ground level, to permit sliding the sash down for ventilation, watering, etc., and should be set from three to four feet deep, according to the soil, and be well tamped. A taut line at the bottom will do for setting, but the top of posts should be carefully “sighted” to secure perfect align- ment. The rafters, ridge pole and “guide” strips should be perfectly straight lumber, thoroughly seasoned. Ridge boards (“cc in Figure 4) should be free from warp and have perfectly straight edges, so that when joined as shown, the joint will be wind-proof. Rafter rail (‘‘d’’) is 2x2 inch stuff. Well spiked into posts and closely nailed to planks, this rail will support the heaviest covering required for winter storage. Blocks are nailed on these rails snug to both sides of the rafters, to hold in place. Figure 5 - shows guide strip le") of rx1 inch dressed pieces. Give these two coats of paint before attach- ing, the first heavy with raw linseed oil, to prevent swelling and binding the sash. When meas- uring rafter spac- ing, allow a margin of a quarter-inch leeway, so that the sash will work free in the slide. A detail of double ridge pole is shown in Figure 2, ‘‘n” and “g” being spiked together after the top plate has been cut to re- ceive the top of the rafter ends, Figure 3. Letter “‘w,” Fig- ures 2 and 3, represents a heavy wire, or an iron rod, bent at an angle to lay on rafters, with the ends turned and driven into the wood, as shown in No. 2, to hold rafters in place, the guide strip (‘“‘e’’) being cut away to allow setting of binding wire. A ridge board of 1x6 and 1x8 inch pieces (Figure 4, and at ‘‘cc’’ in main drawing), is necessary to prevent strong winds getting under and lifting the sash. A strip 1x3 inches, notched to fit over the binding wire, is nailed edgewise underneath and set between rafter ends for ridge board support, as indicated in the main drawing. The posts are cut slanting at the top, to permit the sash to slide down readily. To “set up” the frame, ‘“‘toe-nail’ ridge pole “g” to posts “cp,” supporting with rafters. Place a flat stone or square block under the posts, to prevent settling, and have AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 119 the ridge perfectly level. Place the center posts five feet apart if to be used for storage, or eight feet apart if for the plant bed only. Do not nail the rafters to a ridge piece. Temporary supports may be readily put in position between eight feet spacing, to hold the weight of the covering. If to be used as a hot bed, run a line of water pipe, with frequent taps, on the side under ‘‘d,’’ so that the bed may be watered during the coldest days without exposing the plants. To convert into a storage pit, remove the sash and place boards on rafters lengthwise of the bed, to hold the layer of straw or other rubbish, and the covering of earth. To prevent heating, ventilators, 4x4 inches inside measure, are placed at suitable intervals through openings along the ridge, to allow escape of moisture. Build the ends of the bed on a “form” or frame, and set tight against the end posts without nailing. Heavy hooks and staples are used to keep it snugly in place. The ends may thus be easily removed to drive through with a wagon. When used as a storage pit a door is cut into ends, to one side of the center, large enough for a man to pass easily in and out, to remove the stored crops during the severest weather without disturbing the top covering. This should be a perpendicular sliding door, to permit opening without removing the banking of earth or manure. To provide access to the different vege- tables, etc., at any time, leave a “walk” through the center, with a plank edgewise along each side. Almost any per- ishable crop may be stored in this pit with safety. For celery it is a winter storage par excel- lence. Taken di- rectly from the field without bleaching, and packed solidly, with roots set in loose, moist earth, celery will bleach quickly and keep crisp and fresh until late in the spring. For ease in handling, pota- toes, onions, beets, carrots, turnips, apples, etc., are stored in crates. In this way, too, air spaces are provided without the use of shelves. Cabbage should be trimmed close and piled solid to the height of the rafters. Because of the different temperatures required when growing, for instance, tomatoes and lettuce in the same bed, it will be necessary to run partitions crosswise of the bed, so that segregated sections may be regulated to suit the requirements of the plant. These should be put in so as to be easily removed. With the use of partitions, too, one cc end may be used as a hot-bed and the other as a cold frame. And where but one bed is built, this is quite a consideration, especially to supply the needs of a family who may want to grow lettuce, radishes, spinach, green onions, etc., in one end, and to start plants or grow tomatoes, etc., in the other. 120 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ww CORRESPONDENCE © March, 1910 The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishing FRAMING AN OLD PICTURE <] ATELY, I have come into posses- sion of an oil painting that is three feet high and nearly six feet long. The frame is broken in places and badly discolored. The canvas is dull-look- ing. Yet the subject is interesting to me if I knew where to place it. Would it be appropriate above the mantel in my library? What would a frame cost? What style of frame would be the best?”—C. J. C. A picture of this size would make an excellent over-mantel decoration and would be appropriate in a library. (In fact, much more suitable than a mirror.) One of the modern frames with heavy ribs gilded with a flat gilded molding attached close to the canvas, the whole measuring about five inches in width, would cost from twenty- five to thirty dollars. At an extra cost of a few dollars the canvas could be restored, which would increase the value of the decoration. LINING FOR VELVET WINDOW CURTAINS “Will you kindly tell me through the magazine what is best to use for lining velour window curtains? I would prefer a tan color as there are no lace draperies next to the glass.”—-A Boston Reader. If the expense need not be considered very much the best lining for a velvet cur- tain is a soft silk that is made especially for this use at two dollars and a half a yard. This is fifty inches wide. There are also lining materials from sixty cents a yard (fine curtain sateen) upwards. The color should be selected to look well against the pane of the window sash, both outside and in. PLACING A GRAND PIANO A request from a subscriber in New York City as to the placing of a grand piano, can only be answered in a general way, as there is no diagram of the room given. Usually a piano shows to the best advantage when its keyboard is seen when one enters the room. This rule cannot always be followed, however, as the curved side of the piano must be considered. The left side of the piano should be placed along the wall. The light, both in the day-time and at night, is another factor to be con- sidered in this problem. CURTAINS FOR PLANT ROOM “T am sending you floor plans of our new house and would greatly appreciate any help you can give me with the different problems that have come up. Especially I would like to know how to curtain the windows in the small conservatory or plant room that opens from the dining room. My first thought was to hang lace curtains like those I shall use in the dining room, but since the plants have been put in this room this does not seem very practical. Would the ordinary shades be better ?”— C. E. S., Nebraska. The treatment of the windows in a plant room would, of necessity, be different from that given to a room used in other ways. The lace or net curtains are unpractical ; the ordinary linen shade could be used, but the Japanese rattan shade that is rolled by pulleys and cord would better suit the idea of the room if they can be obtained. These are in the natural color and diminish the light if necessary, and afford protection to the plants when drawn at night. Another suggestion is to have some glazed chintz made up into shades, selecting colors that harmonize with the wall paper of the dining room. The ground work of the chintz is usually white and for this reason the shades would look better with white-painted wood- work. COVER FOR A CARD TABLE A suggestion for making a folding card table now covered with bright green felt more in keeping with the quieter tones of a parlor where it is brought into use has been asked for. If the top of the table can be lifted from the felt (as is sometimes possible), a piece of brocade, silk armure or velvet could be attached in its place. Or, the finer material could be fastened over the felt and edged with gimp. COLOR SCHEME FOR A LONG ISLAND COTTAGE “We are making over rather an ordinary cottage for our summer use by tearing out partitions and making one large living- room, a small reception hall and a dining- room on the first floor. Upstairs, there are two family rooms and two guest rooms. Our plan is to have as little furnishing done as possible, and for this reason we want to have the wall papers as attractive as pos- sible. Please send me samples of papers for these rooms with this need in mind. Could a gray paper be used in the hall? We shall add a high wainscot of wood in the dining-room and a shelf to hold some old blue china.”—P. B. The gray paper could be used in the hall if a foliage or landscape effect were chosen. There are several designs of this kind on the market. The living-room opening from reception hall could be papered with a green-and-white foliage paper showing a squirrel’s head peeping through the leaves. In the dining-room as a background for the blue china a two-toned buff or yellow paper could be used above the plate shelf. The two family bed rooms could have chintz papers with a broken stripe. The two guest rooms could be papered with a lattice design and a blossom paper with birds in the border. Garden Work About the Home 6G E MEAN to follow the good WV suggestion in ‘Garden Notes’ for April, 1909, and have a gar- den just for roses. We have selected the site and built the fence around it and now we are trying to decide on the kinds of roses to grow. Can you help us in this?” Without knowing the size of your gar- den it is hard to say just how many va- rieties of roses you should grow, but the following list of the best roses will prob- ably be long enough. There are hundreds of named varieties of roses and the number is increasing every day. Many of them are not distinct enough to be told apart by an unpractised eye, and many of them are good in only one characteristic and mediocre in the others, so the rose lover should grow only the best varieties: best because they have proved themselves, in years of observation, to be reliable and wholly satisfactory. It would be a mistake to plant too many varieties. A dozen plants of one variety in a mass will give a better effect than twelve all different. The tea roses, which are distinguished by their tea-like fragrance, and shades of yellow, which are lacking in the hybrid perpetuals, are the best garden roses. They bloom more constantly than the hybrid per- petuals (which are really June roses) and they suffer less from our droughts. They are not absolutely hardy but need some protection in winter north of New York; protection which should take the form of earth thrown up about the crown (or per- haps even covering the bent over branches) rather than the familiar straw overcoats. TEA ROSES Adrienne Christophe, flower large, full coppery apricot yellow. Anna Olivier, rosy flesh, shaded with salmon pink. Catherine Mermet, light rosy flesh. Devonensis, creamy white, blush center. Hon. Edith Gifford, white flesh, suf- fused with yellow. Perle des Jardins, deep straw yellow. Princesse de Sagan, velvety crimson. The Bride, pure white. PERPETUAL MOSS ROSES These, too, bloom in the autumn and are besides indispensable because of their beautiful buds. They are fragrant and hardy. Blanche Mireau, pure white. James Weitch, deep ocolet crimson. Salet, bright rose. There are climbing teas which are scarcely to be attempted north of New York, and a few climbing hybrid per- petuals which should be hardy. Among the latter, Climbing Frau Karl Druschke is perhaps the best. March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS oe OUR own individual rug, different from all other rugs, and in a high class wool fabric adapted to your own decorations. If the rugs in stock colors do not suit your require- ments, we will make one that will, either plain, self-tone or contrast. All sizes up to twelve feet wide, any length. Seamless, wool weft, reversible, heavy and durable. Sold by best shops, or write for color line and price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE & COo., NEW YORK, THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP AUBURN, N. Y. “you CHOOSE THE COLORS, WE’LL MAKE THE RUG.” Want to Know You: Like Me, You Love The Hardy Garden Plants If you are so fortunate as to owna hardy garden, then you and I have an interest in common. We may never meet, but we may become acquainted—you may write to me about your garden, and I will send you my book of Hardy Plant Specialties which will tell you of Delphiniums, Irises, Peonies, Phloxes, Poppies, etc. My collection of these essentials of the hardy garden is everywhere acknowl- edged to be the most complete and com- prehensive of any in this country. (Continued from last month) A Revelation My first catalogue, is- ———_ sued about a year ago, became almost a necessity, but in offer- ing my plants to the public for the first time, I had many misgivings lest the pleasure from growing flowers just for themselves would be marred by grow- ing them to sell. I little anticipated the generous response my first book brought forth. From all over the coun- try have come the most delightful letters—a wonderful inspiration to me. I want to thank my new-found friends, whoseappreciation so kindly expressed has given me new, * att unexpected pleasure. An Inspiration (To be continued next s101th) ice |} Your own Cottage at the Seaside or Mountains P NHE matter of expense need not stand in the way of your having a real vacation in the hills or at the seashore. Hodgson Cottages solve the problem. If you do not know all about how we have combined home comfort and attractiveness with true economy in HODGSON Portable Houses it will be worth your while to look over our beautiful 1910 catalog. We have widened out in our twelve years of portable cottage building. You will be sure to find something in the long line of Hodgson Portable Cottages, Lodges, Bungalows, Retreats and Seaside and Mountain “Summer Homes,” that will meet your re- quirements. Well-designed Porches, Verandas, Sun Parlors, etc. Cottages, one room to as many as wanted. Inexpensive Garages for one or morecars—all of substantial character. We build to withstand the severest storms. See our Exhibit at the New York Sportsman’ s Show, February 21st to March 9th. We will be glad to mail you catalog on request. E. F. HOGSON CO., 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. If you care for these things you will want my catalogue, for it IS “‘different.’’ A copy free, if you write for it. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries 809E Penn St., Reading, Pa. i WS AA ee See tT - UPUPAPApA papa py | PNPSPSPNPRL THe Se TT imine LO ee TA Cc Y Cc L oO N Ornamental Fences and Gates L will beautify your home, thereby adding to the satisfaction of living as well as to selling value. Our 1910 Catalogue tells. The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., 1234 E. 55th St., Cleveland, 0. 100 Plans for Lawns and Gardens MOST helpful book to assist you in ma- ing, styles of gardens, verandas and window king your home surroundings artistic boxes, public and private grounds, vines, bed- and beautiful. It will save you expense ding plants, hardy plants, shrubs, trees, hedges, and many. disappointments. Our Landscape etc., all fully illustrated and described so that Department has used these plans with great you too can be sure of success. Plans and success in laying out gardens, both large and book mailed postpaid for 50c, which will be small. With the plans we send “Landscape credited to you on any future order of $5 or over. Gardening for Amateurs,” a book of instruc- Send today and we shall also be glad to give tions and suggestions, beautifully illustrated. you individual advice and help. Ours isa sery- Contains principles of correct landscape garden- ice nursery. Wedo more than the mere sell- FREE—Catalog of hardy ing of plants and shrubs. We can tell you what Tana cheiiook Goce: varieties are best suited for your purpose and ei Ae pin Re haar suggest the plan that will give you the effect Bifere (ASTG1O" Be ccc desired. Let our Landscape Department eee Rees help you. It is at our patrons’ service FREE. pide aia Wagner Park Conservatories der. Write today. Box471, Sidney, O. Florists — Nurserymen — Landscape Gardeners WHAT ARE YOUR TREES WORTH? What is that big one worth to you in dollars and cents? In pleasure? In comfort? Or those trees along the street or drive-way ? You cannot replace them in your life time, so can you afford to neglect them ? Have you an Orchard that does not bear as it should ? This can be remedied. Wecan give youhonest, intelligent and scien- tific work without over-charging you. Write for particulars and references. C. E. PERSONS & COMPANY { Lanoseare eazoenens ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA (ORCHARD EXPERTS ies Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE March, 1910 WHEN you buy hardy perennials, you Venetian and oO pant clinleet ate Sliding all in Peas: Strong Field-Grown Plants SCRE ENS : i | the best for quick results. AND Includes the choicest hardy Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Rhododendrons, Ever- : green Trees, Hedge Plants, and tells how be : to insure continuous bloom and _ varied SCREEN aaa | display. This catalog is free. Write for it today. If in doubt regarding hardiness D OORS Hi or treatment of any perennial or hardy shrub, ete., write me personally, and get the benefit of my 38 years’ experience as a nurseryman, free. Venetian Blind for @ Equal 500. miles paige ingen and northward. Perfect [fi] Sliding Blinds % eranda,. : : for inside use. Ufpis> OUTH Any wood; any JENIN with doors "Require no ; NU R 5 ERIES finish to match trim. and windows open. pockets. Any Lo Box 128, Little Silver,N.J. Darkness and breezes wood; any finish. : in sleeping rooms. : ; WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU SPECIAL OFFER l0 a BUILDERS AND CEB. OF HON IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- ING LOCK. A Safeguard for Ventilating Rooms. Pure Air, Good Health and Rest Assured. | } To introduce this article. Four | tN Ventilating Locks in Genuine Bronze, Brass or Anuque Cop- i BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont Ty, re ) | ot any address prepaid for One Dollar. Will include a forty }f = page Hardware Catalogue and | Working Model to carpenters }}f | who wish the agency to can- i vass for its sale. Address S$ Take Ga Hat ic) A RD Fe reset i RS af }F.E. Myers & Bro., Ashland, Ohlo PUMP PUMPS HAY =F Too AY AGE IZAR = 7 — pa2n Sheep Manure ABA 4S Net ge Kiln dried and pulverized. No wesdsor bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. LARGE BAR. $4.00 Delivered to BEE, Peslght Bee Apply now, Tho Pulverized Manure Co.,2)Union Stock Yards, Chicago, NEW ENGLAND TREES and PLANTS “New England Grown Means Quality”’ PATENTED : NEWENGLAND - sag The vitality and hardiness of our products are due to exceptional 7 TREES@PLANIS «. soil conditions and a rigorous climate. Their High Quality is due to a thorough knowledge of propagation and cultivation. New England Homes and Gardens are the finest in America. Why? They have been laid out and planted by men who know how. Our concern is responsible tor the treatment of hundreds of them. Our 1910 Catalog, mailed free, tells the whole story. Don’t buy—don’t plant, until you have seen it. The New England Nurseries, Inc., Bedford, Mass. GROW ASPARAGUS IN FOUR TO FIVE WEEKS IN YOUR GARDEN Big, White, showy stalks can be grown in four or five weeks. Most dainty and healthy vegetable ataminimumcost. Notrouble, no care from thetimethe bed is made until out. Reliable, practical method. A bed six by three feet will produce asparagus enough for a family of five with some to sell to your neighbors. Intensive cultivation is the most profitable method of vegetable growing. It produces the best crops and the earliest. Getting to market first with the earliest vegetables brings the advanced price. Our book is the only practical treatise in this Country on the French method of intensive cultivation. Besides the Story of asparagus forcing, the book tells in a simple way all the principal methods that allow the working of the smallest amount of land with the largest financial returns. Flexible cover, $1.00 :-: Library edition, $1.25, EPS Revolvers... Cadet Gunes. Navy R’pt’g. Rifles 5.40 ¢6 Side Arm Sword,. .85 6 4 ‘| New Uniforms... 1.25 & fy 6=Largest stock Govt, Auction Bargains in the mY world. 15 acres required for its storage, 340 page catalogue, 3000 illustrations, including 1910 listreadyabour April. Mailed 15c(stamps). ~ Cannons, Flags, Pistols, Rifles, Spears, Drums,etc. } FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, NEW YORK ene Mie 10 Cents and the addresses of two flower-loving friends and I will send you 380 seeds of the Giant Marguerite Carnation which blooms in 4 months from sowing; also my bargain collectionof Royal Show Pansies = 100 colors; Sweet Peas, over 40 varities; « & Asters, finest mixed ; Nasturtiums, 20kinds \\ Also FREE, “oral Culwure’’ and my hand- somely illustrated 17th Annual Catalog. MISS c. H. LIPPINCOTT, Pioneer Seedswoman Dept. 66, Hudson, Wis. (One hour's ride from Minneapolis) .- $1.40 up 1d cy BN eee v cers (90 “cc Cd esr ereieleta 3.00 6 Here you have the perfect home for your poultry—a convenient, protected place for Biddy and her chicks, or a safe and sanitary Poultry Home for a flock of 10 or 12. Damp-proof and draught-tight—necessary conditions for handling poultry successfully are found in Hodgson Poultry Houses and Brooders All parts made in sections convenient to handie for putting up or taking down in a short time. Note the lower illustration—15 in a row. These houses are so popular, poultrymen buy them by the dozen. Just the house for a dozen hens—an ornament to any gentleman’s place. Complete with feed trough, cage fountain, roosts, nests. Easily cleaned, adjustable ventilator, Putin your hens and let them thrive. Send for our catalogue of Poultry Houses, Brooder Houses—everything for the live hen. E. F. HODGSON CO., 118 Washington St. BOSTON, MASS. Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10x12% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway: NEW YORK March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii FIRE PRECAUTIONS FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC HE general public is chiefly accus- "E tomed to take measures for protec- tion against fire collectively. That is to say, the general public maintains fire departments, waterworks systems, employs fire marshals, passes building or- dinances and takes various other steps to- ward fire prevention and fire extinguish- ment. These precautions are familiar to us all, says Captain Greely S. Curtis in a paper read before the Massachusetts Fire- men at Plymouth. The additional precautions which the general public can take individually deserve our attention and consideration. The two general classes of such precautions are: First, taking steps to prevent fires from oc- curring; and second, being prepared for fires when they do occur. To prevent fires, householders, should be taught the value of the following preventive measures: Use only metal barrels or receptacles for hot ashes. This should include, of course, bar- tels for ashes which are supposed to be cold, but which may contain a few hot embers. Do not allow rubbish and trash to ac- cumulate anywhere on the premises, par- ticularly in cellars, under stairways and in attics. Avoid handling benzine, gasoline and other inflammable fluids in the proxim- ity of fire or lights. Use safety matches exclusively. The use of parlor matches is dangerous. This danger is usually in- sufficiently appreciated. The general public is seldom informed as to the large number of fires supposed to be caused by matches set off by rats, or mice, or children. Such fires would be avoided if safety matches only were used. Never fill kerosene lamps by candle or lamp light. There is danger in the improper use of electric lamps and electric wiring. The practice of hanging swinging pendant electric wires over gas pipes or nails always involves some danger, as does also leaving hot incandescent lamps close to clothing or other textile materials. Brick fire stops set near the corners in par- titions and floors should be specified in new frame buildings. In built up communities one’s property should be protected from neighboring fires by means of fire walls and wire glass in windows. ‘The foregoing are a few preventive measures. Equally important are the measures for fire extinguishment. These include special equipment for extinguishment, such as: Automatic sprinklers with gravity tanks and fire pumps; such equipment being par- ticularly desirable in mercantile and manu- facturing buildings. Automatic and man- ual fire alarm systems by which alarms may be promptly transmitted when fires occur. Standpipes with hose and nozzles perma- nently attached, preferably controlled by gates outside the building. Portable chem- ical extinguishers of various sizes suitable to the property to be protected. Steamer connections through which the city fire en- gines can furnish water to the sprinklers or standpipes within the building to be pro- tected. In addition to the foregoing, one of the most important precautions in which the fire department can assist the individual householders is in preparation for the event of fire. By preparation I do not refer to filling the hand grenades with benzine, as we are told is the customary procedure among some of our Hebrew fellow citizens, but I mean instruction as to what should be done by the different individuals in the household when fire occurs. FLOORS A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. Fireproofing Departments: ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK : : WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. tions CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg 4 BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company I Save Your Garbage Troubles Ever wished for a garbage can in which garbage cannot freeze in winter—and stink in summer? A can in which flies cannot breed and then spread typhoid germs? A can having a cover which every time closes tight auto- matically—and cannot be opened by prowling dogs and cats? A can, which being out of sight, does not disfigurethe back yard? A can whichis practi- cally indestructible? The StephensonUnderground Garbage Receiver has all these advantages. My receiversare SOLD DIRECT. z For the satisfaction of yourself, your husband, your maid and your I also make Underground Ash garbage man you should at least send for fully illustrated de- Receivers which are fireproof— Ap iene dreds orci and Underground Earth Closets scriptions of my Underground Garbage Receivers and names and addresses of hundreds of pleased users, for dwellings without sewerage. (CC, FT, STHKPHENSON, Mer., 21 Farrar St., Lynx, Mass. CALIFORNIA BUNGALOWS | Interesting and important facts about build- ing Bungalows. Plans, diagrams, estimates, specifications, handsome illustrations and sketches; hundreds of ideas about art in the home. Write me today for the Bungalow data. ONE HUNDRED DESIGNS Over three hundred and fifty pages of illus- trations of exteriors, floor plans, interiors cozy corners, ingle nooks, mantels, buff and descriptive matter relative to the a Wilson Bungalow; cost of building anc valuable information on constructing Bur in any part of the country, sent prepaid address for One Dollar. HENRY L. WILSON, 809 Great Northern Bldg. CHICAGO, ILL. XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 1 8.c.4 [bees aoe ON & Son | AUTHOR Ties § Will You Give a Home Test to Johnson’s Under-Lac at our Expense? E WANT you to know Johnson’s Under-Lac by actual W proof and real test. Ove trial will convince you how far superior it is to shellac or varnish. How much simpler, more economical, easier and more satis- factory to apply. Let us send you a bottle, free and prepaid, and our illustrated booklet, ‘‘The Proper Treatment of Floors, Woodwork and Fur- niture,’’ which answers every question on the care, preservation and beautifying of every wood surface—is full of valuable hints and helps on home decorations. Johnson’s Under-Lac Imparts a beautiful, brilliant and lasting finish to floors, woodwork and furni- ture—over surfaces being dressed for the first time, over dye stains, filler or the bare wood; over an old finish of any kind. You know the fault of varnish, It is thick, sticky—dries slowly ina mottled way, Under-I.ac dries evenly and quickly—but not too quickly, like she]- lac which laps and crawls and dries before it is well on. Under-Lac is thin, elastic—dries hard in half-an-hour. Use it for azyv purpose for which you would use shellac or varnish. < Johnson’s Under-Lac produces a splendid permanent finish. He es on For Linoleum and Oil Cloth ane Wis. & r ee e I acce: 2 7 y ee ‘pt your It brings out the pattern to best advantage, giving a eo / Grersciaeeninnle i ploss s new; protects from wear and mak ° 3 finish as glossy a p and cS of Johnson’s Under- Ley q es sy. ’ ISIE EEN Lac, better than varn- “ ish or shellac; also Book- The most economical because it goes farthest x and lasts longest. Gallon cans, $2.50. Smaller ©& |” O48 cans down to half pints. Write today for the re let, eee le a i samples and our book of Home-Beautifying oe: agtee to ee NS eee Suggestions, Edition A. H.3. Clip coupon Det : ieee results to my pain or take down address now. dealer. S. C. Johnson & Son Racine, Wis. ‘The Wood Finishing Authorities’ Iron Pemicie) The Stewart catalog is mailed free on request. select from, ranging from the sim- plest and least expensive to the most elaborate and ornate effects Over 500 designs to B That Masta al Lites % in iron fence and entrance gates. § Stewart’s Iron Flower-Vases and Iron Lawn Settees are also illus- trated. The Stewart Iron Fence Works is the largest in the world. Iron Fence THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO., 1726 Covington Street, CINCINNATI, OHIO Special designs created for any purpose and to harmonize with any style of architecture desired. Sketches submitted, ES. THE RELATION OF THE AUDU- BON MOVEMENT TO THE SPORTSMAN BY B. S. BOWDISH. HE true relation which Audubon so- cieties bear to the sportsman of the country (and within the term I mean to include only true sportsmen), is very much misunderstood by a great many, among whom are some of the sportsmen themselves. While running the exhibit of the National Association of Audubon So- cieties at the Sportsmen’s Show of the For- est, Fish, and Game Society, of America, in New York, recently, several visitors ex- pressed surprise to the writer that the Audubon societies should be thus joining with sportsmen. They went away assured that instead of there being any antagonism, the most complete accord existed between true sportsmen and the Audubon or- ganization. To some sportsmen in- quiring as to the exact intentions of the Audubon societies, it was ex- plained that they stood for the passage and enforcement of such laws as would in- sure the preservation of game, and for the absolute protection of harmless and benefi- cial non-game and insectivorous birds. In no case did this explanation fail to elicit prompt and hearty approval. The real sportsman is a true protector of non-game birds. Their charm contributes greatly to the pleasure of his outings, and by them, in common with the rest of hu- manity, he is benefited in a practical way. In the matter of game, too, he stands for preservation, not for extermination, and his appreciation of actual conditions is far more accurate than that of the sentimental theorist, his sympathy more direct and per- sonal. On the other hand, the cordial re- lation of the Audubon societies toward the sportsmen is shown by the results of their work. In North Carolina the State Audu- bon Society was in 1903 incorporated to perform the functions of a fish and game commission, and since that time has con- tinued to serve the State with such general satisfaction to sportsmen and citizens that in February, 1907, the South Carolina Audubon Society was incorporated along the same lines. Alabama, a year since one of the worst States in the Union as to game protection, from which bobwhites were annually shipped by wholesale, early in 1907 adopted a bird and game law drafted by the most earnest and active Audubon worker in the State, and indorsed by the National Association, and the author of this law, John H. Wallace, Jr., was made Game Commissioner. As a result, the State, from being one of the most back- ward, has become one of the most progres- sive game protective States, and words of praise for the law and the Commissioner are heard on all sides from the sportsmen of the State. Tennessee has now a very good game law, which the National Association of Audubon Societies was influential in se- curing, and Georgia, as a result of per- sistent effort on the part of the same organ- ization, has greatly improved in this re- spect. In Texas, during the winter of 1906-7, Mims Chasue: Brewster, game law expert and ex-State Game Warden of Michi- gan, was maintained at very considerable expense by the National Association for the purpose of educating the people and assist- ing the able secretary of the Texas Audu- bon Society, Capt. Davis, and the sports- men of the State in securing the enactment of good game laws and providing for their enforcement. The result has been the cor- rection of very serious abuses and the aa. March, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV IgIO that will thoroughly roll it. that will cut it finer than it has ever been cut before. that will cut it in one third the time it has ever been cut before. that leaves it just like velvet with no horse markings. that pays for itself in two seasons. IF SO BUY A oldwell MOTOR. AWTe OWwWer THIS IS THE MACHINE The U. 5S. Government has been purchasing each of the last three years. The New York City Parks have been using for the last four years. (They have purchased three more since January Ist, I19Io). THIS IS THE MACHINE Tiat has been so successfully used on many of the leading Golf Grounds, Parks and Private Estates during the last seven years. THIS IS THE MACHINE That is equipped with latest improved, up-to-date rgroAuto Motor, latest improved oiling system, two independent systems of ignition, Schebler carburetor, etc. IF YOU PURCHASE A COLDWELL You are purchasing one so simple in construction that an ordinary laborer can soon learn to manipulate it. All of its working parts are above the platform and in plain view of the operator. IF YOU PURCHASE A COLDWELL You get a machine that is no experiment but a machine that not only has been a success for the last seven years, but one that has been improved upon, simplified, and brought to a degree of perfection that can only be attained by actual time experience and the experience of the many users in all parts of the Country. BUY A COLDWELL and you wilh surely get a satisfactory machine. COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. The oldest and largest manufacturers of Hand, Horse & Motor Lawn Mowers in the U. S. HE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner—also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms Better than City Gas or Elec- tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. Bungalows and American Homes Design No. 2, Built in California and lowa—Cost $2,800 Our handsome 112-page, 8x11 book of Bungalows, Mission, Colonial, English Timbered and Concrete Houses for 1910 shows interiors, ex- teriors, and floorrlans and actual cost to build, ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. These designs are photos of structures we have built throughout the country—not theoretical pen pictures. Special speci- fications and details of construction made to suit any climate. Price of book, $1.00, prepaid. Sample leaves free. Brown Bros., Architects, 918 Security Bank Bldg., Cedar Rapids, la. “The Complete Hotel” Hotel Statler BUFFALO 300 Rooms -300 Baths Modern in Construction. Artistic in| Appointment. Complete in Equipment, Perfect in Service. Circulating Ice Water to All Rooms NEWBURGH, N. Y. European Plan Exclusively 99 “Reeco” Electric Pump Goes With Your Electric Light (or without) Pennsylvania School of Horticulture FOR WOMEN A school for practical instruction in Gardening, Hor- ticulture and kindred subjects will be opened this Spring near Ambler, Pennsylvania. For further information address MISS J. B. HAINES, Cheltenham, P. 0., Penn. TREES 3,000 Varieties of Outdoor Shrubs, Roses, Plants, Evergreens Catalog FREE Illustrates, describes. Tells you how to plant —an invaluable hand- book. Get it before placing order. Address Dept. D Paconta-Festiva , ROC Bal My GLEN BROS. Glenwood detooedd Laub N.Y. OATS Sensation—123 bus, per acre. Nothing like it Also SEED CORN. Samples and catalog free. Theo. Burt & Sons, Melrose, 0. We are now installing, just as fast as our manu- facturing facilities can supply the demand, our new electric pumps for private water-supply. They range in size from a capacity sufficient for the requirements of the largest apartment-house, or stock-farm, to the minimum, which suffices for the needs of the country cottage. Ease and economy of operation place these pumps in a class by themselves. The absence of fire or fuel does away with personal care, making their action automatic, while their construction is such, that they are operated by very little power ; you simply attach a wire to the source of supply for your electrie light, and the press- ing of a button starts and stops your electric pump. Your pump may work just as long, and not a moment longer, than may be required, hence theve is no waste of power. These pumps may be installed wherever a trolley line runs and, of course, wherever there is a public or private electric lighting plant. In point of simplicity, convenience, and labor-saving qualities, the “Reeeo’’ Electric Pump is a maryel; it is a won- derful demonstration of one cf the many and varied applications of electricity to practical every-day uses. Is the electric lhght more convenient in your home than the lamp or candle? You will find that the ‘‘Reeco’’ Elee- tric Pump bears the same relation to the hand pump and ‘‘old oaken bucket,’’ In its conven- lence and the additional household comfort which it supplies. gr aie oot eH EE COMEUECTBIC steenctensecarsnn you muneHase worthless imitations. pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of areputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co. Builders of the Rider and Ericsson Hot-Alr Pumping Engines When so situated that you cannot SUrsonally, inspect the Write for Catalogue Ee 35 Warren Street, New York 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 10 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 234 West Craig Street. Montreul, P. Q. 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Lane’s Trolley Parlor Door Hangers and Track HE particularly distinguishing features of the Lane Trolley Door Hanger equipment are the excellence of the ball bearing and the lateral as well as vertical adjustment of the track. Lane Trolley Hangers are made in both the rigid and adjustable pendant styles and with both single and double trucks. All are fitted with machined and hardened ball bearings as shown and in all the various details the quality of Lane products is maintained, thus virtually placing them in a class by themselves. Send for Complete Catalog. SECTION BALL BEARING IN LANE TROLLEY HANGERS LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, (2222) Manufacturers 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. H-7874 Wolff Sink, Back, End, Apron & Drain Board ALL IN ONE PIECE Send for Catalog of Wolff One-Piece Enameled Iron Kitchen Sinks L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. Established 1855 MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE MADE BY ANY ONE FIRM General Offices : 601 Lake St. Showrooms: 91 Dearborn St. CHICAGO DENVER TRENTON BRANCH OFFICES: Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnuck Building Buffalo, N. Y. Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street March, 1910 establishment of bright prospects for the preservation of the State’s game. In Con- necticut during the last session of the Leg- islature the influence of the National Asso- ciation and the Connecticut Audubon So- ciety was most potent in securing the enact- ment of a hunter’s license law, which has met with the hearty approval of by far the greater number of sportsmen. Then non- spring shooting law was also secured largely as the result of the efforts of these organizations. In Illinios the open season on woodcock and mourning doves has been shortened a month; the day’s bag of water- fowl and ducks reduced from thirty-five to twenty, and for quail and other game birds from twenty-five to fifteen. In Massa- chusetts the National Association has con- tributed to the fund which is to be used in the experiment looking to the preservation from extermination of the remnant of the once abundant heath hen, now reduced to a few pairs on the island of Martha’s Vine- yard. In New Hampshire a law was se- cured making a five years’ closed season on the wood duck and upland plover. In New Jersey the attempt last year to secure a non-spring shooting law resulted in the bill dying in the Senate Fish and Game Com- mittee as the result of the opposition of one man. This year sportsmen have awakened to the conditions and necessities, and co- operation of the sportsmen’s clubs is al- ready so well assured as to give good promise of securing the passage of both this law and a hunter’s license law. One of the good works accomplished in New York has been the defeat of bills to permit the sale of certain foreign game birds in the closed season. These bills in various forms have been introduced at each session of the Legislature for several years. The adoption of such a law would almost surely result in fraud, and the illegal selling, consequently killing, of native game birds. In a paper of the limitations of the pres- ent one, it is obviously impossible to more than briefly touch on some of the more im- portant work looking to game_ protection which the National Association of Audubon societies and the various State Audubon so- cities have accomplished in co-operation with the sportsmen of the country. As to the aims and principles of the National and State societies, they may be briefly summed up in a repetition of the statement that these organizations stand for the adoption and enforcement of such laws as will in- sure the continued preservation of all spe- cies of game, and for the absolute protec- tion of all harmless or beneficial non-game birds and animals. They advocate the total abolishing of spring shooting, because by such wasteful methods many species of game are surely being brought to extermin- ation ; they advocate the adoption of a hun- ters’ license, first because it places the cost of game protection on those who enjoy the sport of shooting, highest on the alien who is most frequently a violator of the game and non-game laws, next on the non-resi- dent who does not otherwise contribute to the support of the State, and merely nom- inal on the resident sportsman, who is al- most always perfectly willing to contribute to the support of his pastime second, be- cause it enables the game commission to keep tabs on who does the shooting, legal and otherwise; they advocate non-sale of game, because while there is a market for game, worthless individuals who would rather make a precarious living by shooting than to work for it will violate all game laws and disregard all bag limits, and such men and merchants are a potent factor in game decrease; they advocate a closed season for a term of years on such birds . — March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xvil Designs E the selection of hardware trimmings for a Colonial house, harmony should prevail be- tween hardware design and archi- tectural style. The new- old-fashioned knocker and door-latch here illustrated are splendid examples of the appropriateness and unusual excellence of Sargent’s ARTISTIC Fiardware for homes of the Colonial type. The latch and cylinder lock also show how modern secur- ity and convenience can be combined with old-fashioned appearance. Besides nearly a score of Colonial patterns, Sargent’s Hardware is made in designs to harmonize with all periods and schools of architecture— for interior and exterior. If you are building, get iS : = & & S iS é ad weanepaen FDA NT sf a S| PRM to eel bl uines Sargent’s Book of Designs Sent FREE Illustrates and describes nearly eighty varieties of hardware. The Colonial Book —also free—shows Cut Glass Knobs, Door Handles, Door Knockers and other fittings adapted for a Colonial house. White for the books to-day, addressing s SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard St., N. Y. SDspysTpTRNN\ NTN ae eceoke B LS a a Send postal and see how larger and Better Fruit Larger and Better Vegetables and Freedom from Insects are secured by using Bowker’s “PYROX” G It kills all leaf-eating insects, cater- pillars, ete., prevents unsightly blem- ishes; also improves color of apples, pears, peaches, etc. It increases yield of potatoes and vegetables. Enough to make 50 gals. solution $1.75. Booklet free. Noexperiment. Introduced 1898. BOWKER finor Mase Also Specialties for Scale Insects, etc. Bring all your outdoor ““Bug”’ troubles*to_us. Colonial Fiveryday Magic Aladdin’s lamp transported its owner from place to place in the twinkling of an eye. That was thousands of years ago — and the lamp was only a myth. But so wonderful that the story has endured to this day. The Bell telephone is far more won- derful — and it is a reality. It is the dream of the ages, come true. In the office, in the home, it stands ; as commonplace in appearance as Alad- din’s lamp. By it the human voice—the truest ex- pression of personality, ability, and char- acter — is carried from place to place in- stantly and accurately. And human powers are thus extended as if by magic. All other means of communication are cold and colorless in comparison. By the telephone alone is the human quality of the human voice carried beyond the limitations of unaided hearing. The Bell System has provided this wonderful faculty for all the people. The whole country is brought together by the Bell policy of universal service; and the miracle of telephone talk is repeated six billion times a year. The Bell Long Distance telephone puts a man in inti- mate touch with new resources, new possibilities. Policy, One System, One Universal Service—these make every Bell Telephone the Center of the System. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder. Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. Our 75-page, 10x14 inch catalog, which will be sent free to anyone interested (enclose ten cents to cover postage), and state the number of mantels required. The most unique line on the market. Write for catalog to-day. WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept.D, Atlanta, Ga. Silica Dixon’s cnite Paint Lasts And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. have inert pigments to do with it? JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. Structural& DvhdweatalSieel a FLOORESIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND 768 CATALOGUE What Our Booklet 106B will tell you. of na AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 5 as the wood duck, woodcock, and upland — plover, which, sadly reduced in numbers, are threatened with extermination unless thus given a chance to recuperate. In the case of the wood duck, several hundred letters sent out by the association a few ai months since to prominent ornithologists =| SS - and sportsmen throughout the country, —— asking the present status of this bird, elicited replies which almost without ex- ception were to the effect that the bird had either entirely disappeared or had become exceedingly scarce in the locality of the writer, and it is a question if the case of the woodcock and upland plover is not even more desperate. The methods by which the objects of the Audubon societies are sought to be obtained are: education of the people as to the economic and esthetic value of the birds and wild creatures; legislation, the advocacy of good laws and opposition to bad ones; the employment of wardens to guard breeding colonies of birds. Their fellowship with kindred organization is international, and their active assistance as far extended as the Bahamas and to the Game Wardens of Prince Edward’s Island. * Sometimes sportsmen whose viewpoint is restricted by the limits of local experience and knowledge are inclined to disagree with some of the reforms advocated by the MODEL CLOSETS HE fact that Mott’s Fixtures represent the latest develop- ment of sanitary science is clearly proved by the comprehen- sive variety of model closets we i) = . . . . National Association, whose experience and offer. Our Catalogue shows 30 (Y knowledge of game matters covers the distinct types equipped with high, Our Sanitary-Perfect entire country. A non-spring shooting law low or concealed cisterns; flush Screw Gonnechontmalces does not always appeal to the sportsmen of , oes a State when the neighboring States have valves or pneumatic combinations. an absolutely permanent no such laws; they forget that a beginning joint and eliminates the must be made somewhere, that simultan- “MODERN PLUMBING” possibility of sewer gas eous action by a number of States is al- For the latest suggestions in bathroom equipment, escaping at this point. oe ae a achievement. pe send for a copy of our booklet «* Modern Plumb- Illustration shows thread- SONS Sue UOT OANSMISRCE, Le Berea aes ‘b d f more completely do his views accord with ing. It illustrates and describes a wide range o ed__ brass coupling at- tie: gitns oF thenAudanoumeccenes fixtures in Imperial Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware tached s toksoil pipe in and Porcelain Enameled Iron. There are 24 illus- Practically, the Audubon movement Beery etereesomcrranring lavcose Gomupra floor and screw connec- came into the field when there was almost to $3,000, together with valuable suggestions re- tion secured in base of no protection of non-game birds, when ering decoedin ca aie closet some of the most valuable insects and weed- seed eating birds were slaughtered whole- sale, when the seabirds were being fast THE L. MOTT IRON WORKS ace ae cterminated for the milli de, and Ne . Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia Pittsburgh, exterminatec or the mi Inery trade, an rs > “Vy yrs pp Ir “yr 7 Detroit. Minneapolis, Washington, St. Louis, o es i OBS TRACTED AES OF: ne CREM Ae Bhs New Orleans, San Francisco, San Antonio, manly States had almost no game laws, Page VEE gee ee ge Nels Ee Atlanta, Seattle and Indianapolis. while the laws of others were a mere farce, NEE WW: Vee Opn AR tee Cy sel atectlncate a, CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal owing to non-enforcement. To-day model non-game laws are in force in thirty-eight TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE GETTING GENUINE MOTT fv’; M@)TT States, and game laws are far better and M : TI WARE, LOOK FOR THE MOTT LABEL ON EACH PIECE better enforced than ever before, and tend constantly to improvement. This is largely s c n movement, and it Write for Our the work of the Audubon mov e @ m Refri eration is no wonder that it meets with the hearty oe on ie appreciation of sportsmen and _ nature lovers everywhere. This book telis how to select the home Refrigerator—how to know the poor from the good— how to keep down ice bills. It also tells how some Refrigerators harbor germs — how to keep a Refrigerator sanitary and sweet—lots of things you should know before buying ANY Refrigerator. WAX COLOR FOR FLOORS. It tells all about the ‘‘Monroe,” the refrigerator with 7 hes : inner walls made in one piece from unbreakable SOLID : a I Yellow 7¥2 parts of caustic soda lye and 2% parts of yellow wax are PORCELAIN an inch thick and highly glazed, with every : boiled together and 1% to 2 parts of finely corner rounded. No cracks or crevices anywhere. The ee 2908 . . . . . . Monroe” is as easy to keep clean as a china bowl. pulverized ocher mixed with it and stirred to make a homogeneous mass. II. Red Ghe M “ Brown. For the above decoction, 2 parts onroe of finely pulverized umber can be used and thoroughly mixed in. III. Nut Brown. Most other refrigerators have cracks and corners which can- \ part orlean, I part each burned umber not be cleaned. Here particles of food collect and breed i : : germs by the million. These germs get into your food and i and yellow ocher, give, when mixed ac- make it poison, and the family suffers—from no traceable cause. cording to the foregoing directions, a The ‘Monroe’? can Ee sterilized and ads Soucy beautiful red-brown color. The finished : ‘ th ctraayalky sep = in Gy kay ; ; 5 ; era: paren ie elilce | pabt oe dichog, ior cee Meee mass, when required for use, is mixed Always sold DIRECT and at Factory Prices. is really a thick porcelain dish inside. Cash or monthly payments. with sufficient hot water to” convert it into The high death rate among children in the summer | 4 thin syrup and then applied with a stiff months could be greatly reduced if the Monroe Refrigerator bristle brush and, before it is quite dry, NOTE CAREFULLY 2% Sli Poesia J was used in every home. rubbed off again with a stiff brush. A Monroe is so costly nufacture that but few could afford it i ra The ‘‘Monroe”’ is installed i in the best flats and apartments, occupied > F 5 pee ist We ranean Seam Bee ae Bee by people who CARE—and is found today ina jarge majo of fie VEE. second coat 1S then applied, care being . 50 per cent commission. This puts the Monroe within the BEST homes in the United States e largest an est Hospitals use 1 feos San ESS Bt oie ey Col ta exclusively. The health of the whole family is safeguarded by the use of a taken oe to edo too ieee a ae Monroe Refrigerator. once because at first 1 ries too quickly. : ent Anywhere. oe Trial When you have carefully read the book and know all about Home . g ee 2 y We will send the Monroe to any responsible person any- ff Refrigeration. you will know WHY and will realize how important it is to Finally, the floor should be well rubbed where to use until convinced. No obligation to keep it peice wish to. The Monroe must sell ieee to'you One select carefully. AGES write for C book as ie Ci 0 ti O with a woolen rag, which produces a nice | Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P, Cincinnati,O..| matt polish. | March, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix NEW BOOKS @ It contains information of vital importance to the owner of every History oF Sanitation. By J. Je) Cos- Loy ie <<: Maas j country home; tells about the danger from fire; it explains why insur- 7 pe: : / ance is not protection, and shows you that it cannot replace heirlooms, relics, and things made dear by association. @ It tells the various methods for protecting your beautiful home from grove. Pittsburgh: Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Pp. 8-|-122. Price, $1.50. The historical aspects of sanitation have x fer ff fire, and it tells how for a small sum ranging from $1,50 to $12.00 somewhat heen lost sight of in the numer- B (depending upon the size, and the number of buildings) you now can s SE SRS x sees ne ' SEAL secure absolute and perpetual fire protection. Ous treatises on this most practical OF su @ This book is written by Mr. Ralph M. Stuaffen, C.E., who has de- Mf P jects, and Mr. oe we ie eae in z= ence” if voted many years to this subject. It is yours for the asking. this beautifully printed volume, opnened a — I iy : ; } quite new topic that is completely his own. Goodson Electric & Mfg. Co., 80 Point St., Providence.R.1. It was a happy thought to sum up the his- : tory of this important subject, and the author of this book has done so in a pecu- liarly interesting manner. He starts his readers almost with the beginning of the human race, and in a rapid sketch carries them down to the marvellous advances of our own day. The interest of the storv is enhanced by the illustration, many of which are of deep historical interest. Tue FireLtess Cook Boox. By Margaret J. Mitchell. New York: Doubleday Pace wt Ca. ep. 12-|-312.. “Price, $1.25. OF NATIONS PATENT GIVES you an exclusive right to your invention for aterm of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience enables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the proba- ble patentability of your invention. Of the making of cook books there is no end, and very useful many of these compli- cations are. The spread of the fireless cookstove in the last few years has necessi- tated a modification of many of the older authorities, and in the present volume an offering is made of two hundred and fifty recipes for preparing food by this latest of cooking devices. Food, of course, is not cooked entirely without fire; but the fireless stove has proved that the continuous fire is not essential to ordinary cooking. It is quite necessary to know how to use this ap- paratus, and Miss Mitchell not only makes this clear, but tells what may be done with it. The book is eminently practical, and those who wish to experiment with this latest of cooking methods will find it both convenient and reliable. A Report Upon THE MoLtusk FIsuH- ERIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. Boston: Commissioners on Fisheries and Game. Pp 243. This report has been prepared and pub- lished with the fine regard for scientific ac- curacy and lucid presentation that charac- terizes so many of the government publica- tions of the State of Massachusetts. It is limited to a statement of the condition of the shellfish in each section of the Massa- chusetts coast and to the consideration of practical methods for securing increased opportunities for food and livelihood by better utilization of naturally productive lands under water. Prepared, as it is, by competent specialists, the report has great scientific value as well as practical utility. The value of the text is augmented by nu- merous outline maps and by photographic illustrations. It is a model public docu- ment in many ways. Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application MUNN & COMPANY ~%& ~% Solicitors of Patents Branch Office Main Office 625 F Street, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK wu Practical Steam and 2 Hot Water Heating and Ventilation By ALFRED G. KING 402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations Price $3.00 An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation HE standard and Jatest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and yacuum-vyapor heating, together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. : This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in text, diagrams and illustrations. CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given MUNN & COMPANY, INC. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION AT WHICH THE AMERICAN FEDERATION oF ARTS wAs ForMED. Washington: Pp. 175. This well-printed pamphlet records the proceedings at a notable convention of art societies held in Washington last May at which the American Federation of Arts was formed. Men, distinguished and otherwise, and women as well, took part in this convention, which was well atended and from which promising results are to be AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1910 things warm If some one is late to the meal, you can keep ie food warm, or you can keep nice and hot those plates and dishes that must be served so, to be tasteful and relishable, by placing in your dining-room one of our oven-radiators. are the highest achievement in house warming ME I AN Dt AL and domestic economy. IDEAL Boilers save Ss ' the cost of the entire outfit in a few years and RADIATORS AMERICAN Radiators distribute Florida BOILERS weather throughout the house. Anyone can care for an IDEAL Boiler. It is automatic and absolutely safe. AMERICAN Radiators supply a gentle warmth without the dust and dirt of hot-air furnace, stove or open fire. A No. W-2-23 IDEAL Boiler and 500 ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing the owner $245, were used to Hot-Water heat this cottage. At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc.,which installation is extra and varies accord- ing to climatic and other conditions. They are designed as a part of the general scheme of home comfort, economy, and beauty and so made as to collect no dust. The oven-radiator is but one of many kinds designed to add comfort to the home and decrease labor. ADVANTAGE 16: Air must be supplied under the grate to the fuel in the fire-pot, in addition to a proper amount through the fire-door slide over the top or face of the fire to mix with the flame and free fuel-gases, and thus to cause good, sharp, complete combustion. In proportion as the right amount of air is supplied, at right points, the right economy in fuel is secured. The air-burning features of IDEAL Boilers are as fully developed as in the highest forms of modern gas and oil burners. Ask for our free catalog, ‘Ideal Heating,” which tells all the advantages. Do not wait to build a new home, but enjoy comfort and content in the present one. No tearing up nor disturbing occupants or old heating equip- ment. Sizes for all classes of buildings—smallest to largest—in town or country. Our free book, “Ideal Heating Investments,” tells much that it will pay you well to know. Write us today kind and size of building you wish to heat. Prices are now most favorable. Showrooms in all AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Write to Dept. 6 large cities is oe oe os oa ks ols aks ois oss os ree ols oa aks os oe sabe oi ois cfs cas os og Chicago If you do not know Tobey Handmade Furni- ture you are unacquainted with a kind of furniture which is conceded by many of the foremost authorities to be the finest that is being made in the world today. Tobey Handmade Furniture is displayed for sale only at our two stores. We invite you to see it when you are in Chicago or New York. THE TOBEY FURNITURE COMPANY 11 West Thirty-second Street, NEW YORK (Near Fifth Avenue) Wabash Avenue and Washington Street, CHICAGO expected. The getting together of artists and non-artists has not always proved a success in New York, but better counsels may prevail in the national organization, and all friends of art must hail this new organization with a greeting and wish it success. The record shows that the con- vention was a most interesting and ani- mated one, and a permanent statement of its doings was well worth making. Tue Stupio YEAR-Book oF DECORATIVE Art, 1909. New York: John Lane Co. Pp. 163. Price, $3.00; postage; 35 cents. A new system of presentation has been chosen in the preparation of this annual volume. Descriptions of the objects illus- trated are omitted, and instead there are given brief biographical notices of the var- ious artists whose craft work has been chosen for publication It is interesting to know who these people are, where they live and what have been their most notable achievements; yet in a work of this sort there is ample room for descriptive notes, information as to color and material and the like that is missing from the present volume. But the creative value of this annual review is still at the high water mark set by earlier issues. The illustrations are most abundant, and cover many forms of decorative art. It is, in short, a most im- pressive survey of the progress of modern art, and designers and art lovers may well regard it as indespensable The volume is beautifully printed, and the illustrations include many exquisite plates in color. It is a book that cannot well be too highly commended. STAINED GLAss WINDOWS IN ENGLAND, By Charies Hitchcock Shirrei. New York, 1909: J. Lane & Company. I2mo. Pp. 254.. Price $2.50, nef This admirable book is a rational guide to the study of stained glass in England. It is accompanied by maps which show how the cities may be visited in their proper sequence with as little fatigue and crossing one’s path as possible. Not only are the many noble cathedrals visited but smaller religious edifices and secular build- ings of many types are treated. In this latter category are treated the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge and one of the finest of the stately homes of England, the Knole. Any cultivated person who com- pletes the tours as outlined will have ob- tained a well rounded impression not only of glass but also of history as well as intelligent accounts of customs of Eng- land. Unfortunately no form of illustra- tion can hope to reproduce the combination of light and color which makes up the beauty of stained glass. Those selected by this book are the best obtainable, but are chiefly useful in showing how the windows are set. It is not a technical book so that scale drawings are not required. It is a beautifully printed and bound book. A RUST PREVENTING COATING FOR IRON RUST-PREVENTING coating for A iron, used by a German manufac- turing company, consists in coating iron and steelware first with lead, then electrolytically with zinc, and finally heat- ing this coating, so as to obtain an alloy of the two metals which has the same potential as zinc. TLAS ceMENT Get this book b q JT 1s a book of houses of various Atlas Portland Cement is pure; is : sizes, of various kinds of archi- made from genuine Portland Cement ___ | tecture and at various prices, but all rock; contains no furnace slag and made with some form of concrete. has the quality needed to produce It demonstrates first, that any kind permanent, satisfactory concrete con- of house you desire can best be built struction. Send for book : , 66 99 with concrete, and second, that no Concrete Houses and Cottages Vol I, $1.00 Vol. II, $1.00 ere eer SIMICSS 11S Ceo caccion atvas she Home and cn the Farm... Free ° 2 y “ Concrete in Highway Construction_______________________________ $1.00 ies aan) found in Atlas Portland Cement. ee, Sere ee If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to tHe AT LASrorteann CEMENT co. pert 10 30BROAD ST. NEW YORK Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world. Over 50,000 barrels per day. Have A Healthful Summer Atmosphere all winter long in every room, no matter how the wind blows— no matter what the weather—pure, fresh, uniform summer heat under perfect control and equal to any emergency Richardson Boilers For Steam or Hot Water Heating (-) have seven times more surface exposed to the heat than any other boiler. This means more heat, economy of fuel and water raised to a high temper- ature in the shortest possible time. The superior patented construction of our heaters makes it possible for you to have all the heat you want in a cold snap and just enough when it’s mild. The coal is never wasted. Richardson Boilers are easier to manage too. The large fire boxes hold plenty of coal to last all night at full heat when necessary. For the man who tends his own heater, this convenience of handling is important. Tf you would know why Richardson Boilers give 4\4 times more heat at less fuel expense than any other, write for our latest book— ‘TRUTH ABOUT HEATING.” We send it free on request. Richardson & Bagnten Co. ESTABLISHED 1s37 MANUFACTURERS OF HEATING APPARATUS NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON MUNN AND COMPANY, Inc., Publishers NEW YORK ENS S ra Os © Il our Is season in getting out a 24-28 West 24" St, Bird’s-eye Maple, Birch and White ing and Summer Styles Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47 WEsT 23"9T. dless. Mahogany woods are very extensively used in the new designs for Bedroom Suites or single pieces. The examples in Enameled Furniture, both in Bed- room and Sitting Room pieces, in the different colors are Our Decorative Department is prepared to submit We have succeeded th New Samples of the Advance Styles for Spring and Sum- - E variety Is en those interested to view the same as now displayed on our ten spacious floors. particularly unique, while in Reed, Rattan and Willow the mer Furnishings much earlier than usual, and we invite all sketches and estimates upon request. New Spr (Patent Pending) The Longer it Stands the Better it Gets! d t that he can buy the best in in- njo the finest and most complete t. ments are superior our new ine comprises or Ba Our move- is assure send direc for illustrated catalogue. class clocks Waltham.” ton or St. ill soon have 66 tting ine, illard” i ing a We w ready for delivery, . . in every respec Waltham, Mass. HALL CLOCKS Our “W Clock is a model of perfec- If your local dealer does Our 1 nearly every detail and Chiming Movement which tion and appeals to those who desire a first-class Waltham Clock Company chimes either Westm designs of high on the market the purchaser by order ster article not sell our 1 he Dages Concrete and Expanded Metal Fence eB OBI IE TEETER SSS SS Ye fh YUssslhll “YN ff 4 Yy Y \ < Z < ing ild UNCIE, INDI Room 425, Johnson Bu Address Expanded metal ready for Section of completed fence. Section of fence ivy grown. q Illustration 1. concrete covering. @ Illustration 2. @ Illustration 3. SES CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. RR ae % ice ONL Nail This is a splendid opportunity for that boy of yours ZATHSONIAN April, rg10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS om A Difficult Problem— To secure inexpen- sive lighting fix- tures which shall evidence the skill of the designer's art. This Company insists upon the same atten- tion to the design and manufacture of its small cost fixtures as is be- stowed upon its elabo- rate and expensive pro- ductions. THE ENOS COMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures Office and Factory : SEVENTH AVE. and SIXTEENTH STREET Salesrooms: 36 WEST THIRTY-SEVENTH STREET, New York Baltimore: 519 North Charles St. St. Louis: N. O. Nelson Mfg. San Francisco: 334 Sutter Street Company Toronto: 94 King Street, West Boston: H. F. Estabrook, Inc., Pittsburgh: The Norton Com- 9 Park Street pany, Century Building Portland: J. C. English Co., 128 Chicago: The A. Neilson Com- Park Street pany, 139 Michigan Avenue Birmingham: R. W. Knight « ’ . Spokane: Cutter & Plummer, Inc. Company Searle: Cox & Gleason Com- | Los Angeles: Brooks Decorating W ANAMAKER S Reed Furniture pany, 1914 2nd Avenue Co., 696 S. Alvarado Street Fairly Breathes Rest and Comfort 200 BiB eae ablels Stone ye HE above selections from our stock of reed furniture Gallen Gane) Lieimeke Haldle, etre ol are especially desirable and are adaptable to immediate ive th st satisfaction as a tea table. ss give the be eneltamordstvecciay lace needs, whether for porch, for living room or the sun parlor. Mgt capes caren ae pane iO8 Each piece is strongly made and will give worthy service. STOO ae es It is attractive in design and extremely graceful in its lines. SSH aly somatlcalta On Sr ana The cretonne cushions are as comfortable as they are tot ttractive appearance as well as 5 . 9 : to teiecneralicomioreeiving eaaities decorative. The cushions come in many floral designs, E ae 2 6 a. GENE and in ordering, if you have any preference as to color 270 B 10.—This Exceedingly Restful 9 AapuuGhaish Master cestionalicteracetul scheme, we shall try to meet your suggestions. lines. It is, moreover, solidly builtand é will give satisfactory service. Soft Have You Received Your Copy cretonne cushions on seat and back, f hi W k C 1 2 held in place on back with cords and 4 tassels. Not only attractive in appear- oO t e anamaker ata og ance but sufficiently roomy to be thor- 3 oughly comfortable. ae If you have not, it must be because you have not re a MNEL EN CE 27 = Aa ae asked for it. Send your name ona postal card today. Sec ee er rae Gh WSU etilely Ror FORE Ce eine) Gout The above picture is a reproduction of one of 9 plete rest. The Cretonne cushions on yh 5 F, 9 ° th 1 t 1 D EXT E R B R OT HE R Ss the back and seat extend a cordial in- the 1 urniture pages in e general catalog. vitation to the weary. ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS Pricel Qp 2 2) sb ae S12! This catalog is really a directory to the newest, the | Zue B 12 ane cushions gulbeck and best and the most dependable merchandise. It is not the The average stain will not hold its color at the seaside; | seat are adjusted so as to give the utmost : G . is j peered ais eens We Hardest test for a stain, comfort, like the other furniture shown ordinary list of goods, but everything offered is illustrated Ours gives no offensive odor, will not wash off nor turn BOC ee se onely made land ylligive and described in detail, including price. It is a safe guide you satisfactory service. Price - - - . + $21. for Spring buying. Send for your copy now. It’s FREE. cost of paint. Samples and particulars on request. This furniture can also be furnished st write us, ‘‘Se e Catal N 7 ust w us, nd m atalogue No. 8 . DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY MH in the following colors; giving us a few 105 BROAD STREET, BOSTON Mi daysextratime forthat purpose: Green, BRANCH OFFICE: 542 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK i poi es Ceanys Galenandiin the natural New York JOHN WANAMAKER New York AGENTS—H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Boulevard, Chicago; | John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 SSS = SSS = ——————————————————————————e The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F.T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, - Spokane, Tacoma, Washington and Portland, Ore.; M. D. Francis, Atlanta Ga.; F. S. Combs, Halifax, N. S. black. It gives a wealth of artistic beauty at half the | Tends Its OwnFire a WholeDay The Triumph Self-Feeding Water Heater is as easy to run as a watch and is just as steady inits work. One filling of coal gives even heat for twenty-four hours. No trouble. No waste. Tubular construction makes every pound of coal do its work. One-third more heating surface than any other heater of same size and at no greater cost. Hot water or water heat (according to type) for residences, offices, conserva- tories, poultry houses, country clubs, garages, etc. j Triumph H Self Feeding Fieaters are made of cast and wroughtiron and are far stronger and more durable than steel heaters. Sold by dealers everywhere. Examine and get the advice of an expert before you buy. Mean- while send for Booklet ‘'12’’ James B. Clow & Sons, 346-360 Franklin St., Chicago. Manufacturers of Heating and Plumbing Goods for nearly half a century. Worke: Chicago, Ill., Coshocton, 0., Newcomerstown, O. Sample and A House Lined with Circuiar @ Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY HARDY PLANTS FIELD GROWN Write for our complete catalogue of all kinds of hardy SEE EEE EE tH ttt ttt ttt ttt 44} trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials. _ Separate varieties in any quantity. Assorted collections for a complete, hardy garden, at special prices. PLANTING PLANS FREE A. F. BOERNER, NURSERYMAN 293 NORTH ST., CEDARBURG, WIS. CROSH-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, PERERA EEE EE 44 444444444444444444444 tt t+ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1910 (APRIL NUMBER) No one who reads this superb issue of eighty pages, beautifully illus- trated, need fear an unsuccessful garden this year. The whole subject of both flower and vegetable gardening and planting the grounds is covered from A to X in articles filled with practical information and suggestion from which any one can work. It tells you what to plant in various locations and what to plant for special effects. Don’t you want to know the best quick-growing vines for shading your veranda? Don't you want to know just how to make a velvety lawn? Don’t you want to know the best plants for growing in the sun and shade and the flowers you can grow with the surest success ? qd All these things the Gardening Guide will tell you—and more. It contains planting tables of vegetables and flower seeds, showing when to plant, how deep, how far apart, time of blooming and ripening so ex- plicit as to make your Spring planting a revelation in simplicity. There are articles on landscaping and garden effects with scores of pictures showing successful gardens and grounds, all of which will be of immense aid in helping you to make your place beautiful from frost to frost. With this Gardening Guide in your hand you simply cannot fail. q The Gardening Guide (April Number of HOUSE & GARDEN) will be on sale at all news stands on March 26th, but to be sure of getting a copy, if you are not already a subscriber, send in your subscrip- tion now to begin with the April Number. HOUSE & GARDEN is the one necessary periodical for the home-builder and gardener. Devoted to the home—its planning, building, furnishing and decoration, and to the planting and care of the garden and grounds—it is filled with inspiration and interest to every one who wants to make the house, its garden and its grounds notable in their good taste and attractiveness and for all those who love the country. Special Offer To New Subscribers If you are not now on our subscrip- tion list we offer you (as a means of introduction) six months of HOUSE & GARDEN, including the great Garden- ing Guide, for $1.00. This will bring sehen: you the important Spring and Summer numbers with their wealth of practical interest. The appended blank is for your convenience. In the acceptance of this special offer this announcement must be mentioned or the blank used. McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., Publishers 449 Fourth Avenue, New York Gardening Guide. I enclose $1.00 in payment. A. H. & G., 4-10 I accept your Special offer to new subscribers to send me HOUSE & GARDEN for six months, including the Great Civil Engineer and Landscape Architect EUGENE PITOU, Jr. Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 229 BROADWAY Telephone, 6084 Barclay NEW YORK Country Homes may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dan- . gers, by using the Automatic Economy Gas Machine Produces light, kitchen and Lighted the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘“‘ The Economy Way.’’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CoO., Sole Mfrs., 437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. HESS Siliie( LOCKER HE only modern Sanitary Steel me Medicine. Cabinet or Locker. §/= Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow white, everlasting enamel,insideandout. —, FOR YOUR BATHROOM © Here 5 =| Costs less than wood and is better. Should be e+ in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin proof and easily cleaned with warm water. Made in four styles and three sizes. Price $7.00 and up. Send for illustrated circular. 4 HESS, 926L Tacoma Bld., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. G SEAM ROOF IRONS CuINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Rij Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA FARR’S NEW BOOK OF HARDY PLANT SPECIALTIES Yo my friends and patrons, whom I came to know through my first catalogue: (Concluded from last month) 7 beautiful, more complete, and better in every way. If, as many wrote, the old one was helpful, have tried to make the new one more so. f fhe new catalogue is free to all who love hardy plants. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 809E Penn St., Reading, Pa. April, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii PRIZE WINNING DAHLIAS Our new 90-page catalog describes and illustrates the wonderlul new dahlias that won us 14 prizes from the American Institute New York, at the recent Dahlia Show. Includes a hun- dred other selected varieties, in cactus, show, single, pompon and collarette dahlias; as well as the new Peony-flowered, shown below. Describes and prices well rooted plants, grown by the modern pedigree system; as well as dormant field- grown roots of unquestioned vitality. This book is free—includes best shrubs, roses, vines, evergreens and hedge plants, also. Write for it to-day. oe a) OVETTS kz" J.TLovett Box 128, Little Silver, N. J. a a The Art of the Ages OTHING adds to the distinction and beauty of the home so much as a few selected reproductions of the world’s greatest Art. We select rather than manufacture. This ser- vice is free of cost. We strive to acquaint you with the articles you need; the best at moderate prices. 5 *There’s Solid Comfort ina Richardson Boiler Comfort for all the family— in every room; plenty of heat evenly distributed and always under easy control, no matter Let us suggest a color scheme for any what the weather. - ae part of the house, from nursery to living or Richardson Boilers dining room. We can also suggest fur- For Steam or Hot Water Heating have a patented construction in the vital parts which means a substantial We also endeavor to aid you in placing art objects with the best decorative effect in a house, library or school. No matter how often you use our Free Information Ser- vice you are not required or asked to buy. niture, sculpture in plaster, bronze or saving to the man who pays the bills. _ 0 O Seven times more surface exposed to heat, larger steam dome—larger stone, rugs and prints, or picture frames fire chamber—improved air circulating grate—all mean economy of fuel - 4 and water raised to a high temperature in the shortest time. which are works of art in themselves If you would know why Richardson Boilers give 44% times more heat at less fuel expense than any other, write for our latest book —"Truth About Heating.” We send it FREE on request. 0 Write to Richardson & Baynton Co. ADAM BUDGE Dept. D, 114 W. 23d St., New York City The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON By A. RUSSELL BOND J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. The New] Fayette OPEN ALL THE YEAR A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from LA affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are att given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, ~anoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. M U N N & C O. ? Inc. « SENT TSCIGANt » 361 Broadway, New York Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text Do you want our Book of BUNGALOWS ANEW modernly constructed brick and stone hotel, offering the highest class accommodation at very reasonable rates. Situated at the Ocean end of South Carolina Avenue. Two squares from Penn- syivania Station. Both American and European plan. Steam Heat and Elevator. By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University A. E. McFARLAND, Proprietor This book is 10x12% inches in size, and AND substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 IU, O W a Gc O S ac H O US E S? MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Send) 25 centsito vt Z will clear your drives and GS QuiER rs WEED KILLER walks of all vegetation quickly, more efficiently and enduring than by any other way. U.S. Government usesSQUIER'S. Avoid substitutes. Send for circulars to G. HARRISON MFG. CO., RAHWAY, N. J. Suburban Architectural Association Equitable Building, Wilmington, Del. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Your own Cottage at the Seaside or Mountains P | “SHE matter of expense need not stand in the MMO ie Ge W)), Hil W way of your having a real vacation in the hills or at the seashore. Hodgson Cottages solve the problem. If you do not know all about how we have combined home comfort and attractiveness with true economy in HODGSON Portable Houses it will be worth your while to look over our beautiful 1910 catalog. We have widened out in our twelve years of portable cottage building. You will be sure to find something in the long line of Hodgson Portable Cottages, Lodges, Bungalows, Retreats and Seaside and Mountain “Summer Homes,” that will meet your re- quirements. Well-designed Porches, Verandas, Sun Parlors, etc. Cottages, one room to as many as wanted. Inexpensive Garages for one or morecars—all of substantial character. We build to withstand the severest storms. We will be glad to mail you catalog on request. E. F. HODGSON COMPANY, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. YW/OX PAL? 100 Plans for Lawns and Gardens A most helpful book to assist you in making lic and private grounds, vines, bedding plants, your home surroundings artistic and beautiful. Shows lots of all sizes drawn to scale with key for planting as in the reproduction above. Used by our Landscape Department with great success. Will save you expense and disappoint- ment. With this book we send ‘‘Landscape Gardening for Amateurs,’’ full of instructions and suggestions, beautifully illustrated. Con- tains principles of landscape gardening, styles hardy plants, shrubs, trees, hedges, etc., all fully illustrated and described so that you too can be sure of success. Plans and book mailed post- paid for 50 cents, which will be credited to you on any future order of $5 or over. We shall gladly give you individual advice and help. Our Landscape Department is at our patrons’ service free. FREE — Catalog of hardy plants, shrubs, of gardens, verandas and window boxes, pub- trees, etc. Wagner Park Conservatories, Box 477. Sidney, Ohio Florists—Nurserymen—Landscape Gardeners Low Cost Suburban Homes Plans, illustrations and descriptions of nearly 100 houses which have been built at costs ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. In most cases the cost is given. Many of the houses have been built as suburban residences—others as small country homes or as bungalows or mountain camps. Houses of brick, stone, frame, shingle, cement and stucco are included. All are distinctive and full of suggestion for anyone interested in building beautiful but low cost homes everywhere. 62 pages, beautifully illustrated and printed on coated paper with art paper cover. McBride, Winston & Co., 449 4th Ave., New York Price 25 cents, postpaid. April, rg10 Wm. S. Meany Smith Building. +:-: Tels. 103-293 :-: Greenwich, Conn. GREENWICH, CONN. Realty of all descriptions For Sale. Country Seats, Estates, Residences, Farms, Acreage, Building Sites :: :: Furnished and Unfurnished Houses to Rent for 1910 Season. Would be pleased to have correspondence or a call advising of requirements This attractive Cot- GREAT SACRIFICE! this, tractive cot on a plot 300x1400 (all road frontage) will be sold at a low figure. Great future value and a fine location overlooking Long Island Sound. E. P. JORDAN OR FRANK L. FISHER CO. \ Stamford, Conn. 440 Columbus Ave., N. Y. IMMENSE [POULTRY PLANT and COUNTRY HOM 50 minutes from N. Y. on N. H. R. R.; 25 acres of land, 10 minutes from Station, 3400 feet of road frontage; two living houses and complete large poultry plant; beautiful shade trees and grand view of Long Island Sound. WILL BE SOLD AT A BARGAIN E. P. JORDAN OR FRANK L. FISHER CO. Stamford, Conn. 440 Columbus Ave., N. Y. HARDY ‘‘POMEROY’”? ENGLISH WALNUT TREES WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET ENGLISH WALNUT FARM D. N. POMEROY, LOCKPORT, N. Y. Have YouTried ATK EN? HAVE YOU BOUGHT A WINTER HOME? IF NOT WHY DON’T YOU LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT SEVERAL FINE COT= TAGES | HAVE FOR SALE? SOME FARMS ALSO JOHN LAIRD AIKEN, S. C. SHETLAND PONIES r f and health. Safe and ideal = Playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. Satis- faction guaranteed. Com- plete outfits. Beautifully illus- trated catalogue. BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. W., Markham, Va. 75c Cactus for 28c , Easiest of all flowers to grow, indoors or out; Grow Cacti you can’t kill them. Immense variety of forms and species. Exquisite flowers, 1 to 5 inches wide, in scarlet, yellow, purple, etc. Weare inthe heart of the cactus country, and ship the strongest plants only. Note these Bom Special Introductory Offers—This rare Cactus (Ec. Sa9 dasyacanthus), beautifully colored spines, bears exquisite 2 to AMD 3-inch golden flowers, price 75c, with directions for x growing, mailed for only__-_-_....------------ 28c ; Eight small Cacti, assorted, all bloomers, prepaid for $1.00 Send with order names of two flower-growing friends and we will add free sample of our delicious Mexican Cactus Candy. Free Catalogue, ‘‘Cacti and How to Grow Them.’? Get it today. THE FRANCIS E. | ESTER CO., Dept. A. F. 4, Mesilla Park, New Mexico YES Shingle Economy means much to you if you are building or contemplate building a home. Write for our book- let on “CREO-DIPT” shingles Standard Stained Shingle TONAWANDA, N. Y. April, rg10 = fF Uf GIN) (Saez ANNUAL SMALL HOUSE NUMBER HE May number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will be devoted to the small house, its building, its decoration, and its furnishing. This issue will con- tain a vast amount of valuable information for the prospective home-builder. It will tell him how to se- lect a country site; how the various rooms of the house should be planned; the style of architecture in which the house should be designed; the material of which it may be built; the kind of plumbing fixtures to be used; the heating system to be selected; the choice of the hangings for the walls, doors and windows; appropriate furniture for the home; the interior decorating and fur- nishing of the home; the furnishing of the Colonial house; the furnishing of the Arts and Crafts house; the furnish- ing of the porch; the furnishing of the out-of-door living- room; how to plan the small kitchen; how to plan the garden; how to build a pergola; and how to lay out the grounds about the house, as well as the planting of them. Special attention will be given to the subject of inex- pensive and small houses; the most numerously erected dwelling in America, and the type of house that at once excites the widest interest and offers the richest field for suggestive helpfulness. The various departments conducted by specialists add greatly to the value of this number, and the aim has been to bring out the charm of the simple, beautiful things which contribute to domestic comfort and happiness, solely for the purpose of solving the problems which confront the houseowner, but which cannot be done without the assist- ance of a competent expert. Besides these departments, the magazine will contain a host of articles that must in- evitably stimulate the desire for home improvements. The table of contents published on page ix in the cur- rent issue will give a synopsis of the contents for the May number of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FURNITURE FOR THE HOME EGINNING with the current issue of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS, Esther Singleton will take charge of a Furniture Department for this paper. The objects of this Department will be to bring before the householder of moderate means the style in vogue for furnishing the various apartments of a house; to offer practical suggestions for the purchase and arrange- ment of furniture, and to aid a small collector of old styles and forms of furniture. Miss Singleton is an author of international reputation, and her books on “‘The Furniture of Our Forefathers,” “French and English Furniture,” and “Dutch and Flemish Furniture,” are too well known on both sides of the Atlantic to require any comment further than that her serious study of the subject, and her experience as an author, make her qualified to give the best advice on the proper furniture for the home, and this series of papers will be valuable to anyone. A SAN hee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS MUTATOR I Se Sy THE T-SQUARE CLUB EXHIBITION T IS particularly interesting to learn that the T-Square | Club of Philadelphia has announced that its Sixteenth Annual Exhibition this year will be devoted to domes- tic architecture. Invitations have been sent to every archi- tect in the country, with a request for them to submit draw- ings or photographs of completed work, with the view of hanging them in the galleries of the exhibition. The realization of the importance of such a measure by the T-Square Club is entirely in accordance with the view expressed in the editorial columns of the March issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, in regard to the lack of domestic architecture shown at the recent exhibition of the Architectural League of New York, and it is certainly gratifying to know that an architectural organization occu- pying the important position which the T-Square Club does in this country should take the initiative in this direction. It is to be hoped that the committee in charge of this exhibition will ¥receive fa hearty response to its appeal, and that, in order to secure a more popular exhibition, and one that will be a benefit to a larger number of laymen, will have the co-operation and support of the architects throughout the country. DECORATIONS AND FURNISHINGS FOR THE HOME HE Editor desires to announce that a series of articles n “Decorations and Furnishings for the Home’”’ will appear in AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS. This subject is of the most vital importance to every one interested in the creation and development of a home. The author of these articles, Alice M. Kellogg, is a well-known New York decorator, who has created a new field in the profession by utilizing the most tasteful furnishings and decorations obtainable at a minimum expenditure. This economic point of view will be a feature of the series, while the practical and artistic will not be overlooked. So far as is possible there will be estimates, and prices given, with suggestive ideas not only for the introduction of the newest devices of interior decoration, but also for the improving and harmonizing of existing conditions. AUTOMOBILING @ ee to the importance of the automobile in rela- tion to the country home, the publishers have de- cided to open a department on this subject in AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS. The first paper, which appears in the current issue, is devoted to the closed car. and is prepared by Stanley Y. Beach, the Automobile Editor of the “Scientific American.” Each issue will contain an article on a special class of car and its equipment, and the latest advice and informa- tion on the subject, which should be helpful to those who are interested in the purchase and use of an automobile. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND: GARDENS April, 1910 ran es istic This door is adapted for Crafts- man interiors, Dens, Libraries, Studies, etc., and its beautiful grain and finish give a note of distinction to any room. are perfect doors, light, remarkably strong an)’ built of several layers of crossed grained wooc, pressed together with water-proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard wood—Birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white Oak, brown Ash, Mahogany, ete. Morgan Doors are the highest standard of door quality ; made in one of the largest and most pro- gressive factories in the country. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. In our new book—‘‘The Door Beautiful’’—Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all , styles of architecture for interior or exterior use, and rf it is explained why they are the best and cheapest {. doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. k: A copy will be sent on request. Architects. Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. Morgan Company, Dept. OI NY Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago. Morgan Millwork Company, Baltimore, Md. Handled by Dealers who do not substitute. Cabot’s Shingle Stains —FOR— and all exterior wood-work, es- HOUSES pecially shingles. They are softer BARNS and richer in color, easier and quicker to apply, wear better, STABLES | look better and are fifty per cent. es | SHEDS cheaper than paint. Creosote, = the chief ingredient, is the best Lined with Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt and Stained with Cabot’s Shingle FENCES wood-preservative known. Stains. Robert C. Spencer, Jr., Architect, Chicago Samples of Stained Wood, with Chart of Color Combination, sent on application “Quilt”’—the Warmest Sheathing Wind and Frost Proof OT a mere felt or paper, but a matted lining that keeps out the cold as a bird’s feathers do. Incomparably warmer than building papers, and warmer and cheaper than back-plaster. Costs less than 1 cent a foot. Keeps warm rooms warm and cool rooms cool. ‘‘/t zs cheaper to build warm houses than to heat cold ones.’’ SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points Send for a sample anu catalog (free) of Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL COMPLIMENTARY PORTFOLIO OF COLOR PLATES NOTABLE EXAMPLES OF INEXPENSIVE DECORATION AND FURNISHING “Tuer House BEAUTIFUL” is an illustrated monthly magazine, which gives you the world’s best authority on every feature of making the home beautiful. It is invaluable for either mansion or cottage. It shows you wherein taste goes farther than money. Its teachings have saved costly furnishings from being vulgar; and on the other hand, thousands of inexpen- sive houses are exquisite examples of superb taste from its advice. It presents its information interestingly and ina very plain, practical way. Everything is illustrated. ‘““THE HOUSE BEAU. IFUL”’ isa magazine which no woman interested in the beauty of her home can atford to be without. Itis full of suggestions for house build- ing, house decorating and furnishing, and is equally valuable for people of large or small income. ELLEN M. HENROTIN, Ex. Pres. Nat. Federation of Women’s Clubs. Its readers all say it is a work remarkably worthy, A “House Beautiful” illustration greatly reduced | thorough and useful. The magazine costs $3.00 a year. But to have you test its value for $1.00, we will send you the current number and “THE House BEAUTIFUL” Portfolio gratis, on receipt of the Five Months’ Trial Subscription coupon. The Portfolio is a collection of color plates and others of rooms in which good taste rather than lavish outlay has produced charming effects. The Portfolio alone isa prize which money cannot ordina- rily purchase. Enclose $1.00 with the coupon filled out and send to HERBERT S, STONE, Publisher of THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL Gia THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL, 251 Michigan Ave., Chicago You may send me your Portfolio of Notable Examples of Inexpensive Home Decoration and Furnishing, anda copy of the current issue of “‘ THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL.’’ I enclose herewith $1.00 for a special rate five-month trial subscription to the ‘‘ THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL."’ TOWN OR CITY HOW TO EMBELLISH CHEAP FURNITURE O every. professional cabinetmaker aR the problem has doubtless been al- ready presented of making cheap furniture, which, in spite of the lowest price, should present to the eye a pleasing appearance. Carving or tarsia (inlaid) work cannot, of course, be thought of in this connection, as these would materially raise the price of the furniture. The fol- lowing procedure will, accordingly, enable the joiner to decorate the furniture in a beautiful and appropriate way without the necessity of enlisting therefor the aid of other professional artisans. Every joiner is expected to have had some practice in drawing and to be capa- ble, therefore, of getting up designs for the decoration of panels, front-pieces of drawers, etc. This drawing he has, ac- cordingly, to transfer by means of tracing- paper upon the portions of wood to be dec- orated and to fill the ornament or the ground, according to the effect intended, with gum arabic. The gum must not be too weak in order that it may properly cover the parts smeared, and must also be entirely colorless, for otherwise the wood becomes stained. Then, after having al- lowed the parts to dry for a day, the panels. etc., should be rubbed by means of a woolen rag vigorously, though sparingly, with printers’ ink previously diluted with a little petroleum, so that the wood may re- ceive a uniform coloring. This ink can be obtained in all shades and one may there- fore choose the tint which shall harmonize with the given stain of the wood. The whole must then be wiped off with a sponge, whereby the gum is dissolved and the parts that were covered remain stand- ing out with distinctness. The gum must, of course, be entirely washed off and par- ticular care should be given to this point. If the ground has been rubbed in, the or- nament being in that case left untouched, then it becomes an easy matter to color the same with ordinary water-stain, inasmuch as the printers’ ink, by reason of its fatty contents, does not take any water stain- ing. The furniture is now treated as usual —either waxed or polished; whereby the fatty nature of the ink renders very good service. For such manner of ornamentation only light woods are, of course, adapted, such as fir, pine, ash, maple, oak, etc., while walnut or mahogany, on account of their dearness, do not even come into consideration for simple furniture. By the designing of the ornament much depends upon a proper dis- tribution of the same. Very poor and mo- notonous would be the effect of filling the given surface with it completely. It is just in limitation and the happy selection of the place where the ornament is suited that one shows himself a master. Above all will those places have to be decorated which first catch the eye, or are especially con- spicuous because of their monotonous lines. In case of a door, which, perhaps through a desire of saving a framing piece, has been given a very long panel, it will be com- mendable to set off the upper quarter of the same by means of an ornament. The bounding lines of the latter need not, how- ever, run exactly parallel to the framing of the panel, but a somewhat greater free- dom of form may be allowed here. It is likewise of great importance to con- sider that one and the same ornament has a different effect according as to whether the ground executed in dark and the ornament light, or vice versa. wmeren COMperition for 1910 < as vy Om ‘aad ENS PS SNe = Led PP Yah Be a Your Town HE publishers of American Homes and Gardens desire to an- Ni bese) nounce a Garden Competition for 1910, and will offer $100 for pees the four best planned, developed and successful suburban or village garden. The Garden Competition Editor of American Homes and Gardens wants to know if your garden is a success. If so, write and tell him about it. Tell him how you planned and how you planted your garden, and what success you had with it; tell him of the plants with which you had the best results and the ones which were fail- ures; how you arranged for a succession of bloom; how you made use of the natural limitations of the plot and what mistakes you made. We want you to help us so that we may help others to beautify their surroundings, for this is the object of this competition. You need not be a skilled writer to tell the story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. $100.00 for Prizes For the best garden received we will pay : For the first - $50.00 For the third - $15.00 For the second $25.00 For the fourth $10.00 Conditions Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: A general description of the garden, consisting of not more than fifteen hundred words, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants used in planting, must be submitted. Give any details which you think will be of interest. Drawings of the plot are to be made in black and white, drawn to the scale of eight feet to an inch, showing the position of the various plants and shrubs. Name each variety of plant on the plan by a number, giving a separate list with a corresponding number by which each plant may be identified. Photographs of the garden must be submitted. It will be of interest to send as many photographs of the garden, taken from as many points of view and at different times in the summer, as illustrate the changes in the garden’s appearance to the dominance of certain flowers. The photographs must be printed on printing-out paper and are to be not less than five by seven inches in size. A photograph of the site of the garden before it was developed would add interest to the series. Descriptions, drawings and photographs are to be marked with a pseudonym which is to be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. All descriptions, plans and photographs are to be sent free of any name or address on them except the pseudonym. Express or postage charges must be fully prepaid. | Just as soon as the judges have rendered a decision upon the four best gardens submitted for this competi- tion, they will notify the Editor who will open the envelopes bearing the pseudonym and containing the competitor’s true name, and will at once notify the successful competitors that they have won the prizes. The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and Gardens all prize gardens and those gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photographs. Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American Homes and Gardens, Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York. The garden competition closes September 15,1910. Contestants need not to be subscribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind is required. No photographs, manuscript or plans will be returned. Go “INO = CON © Ol AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1910 30 Shaft Drive 40 Chain Drive OMMO0UE The Locomobile Wegy? Co-of America New York Bridgeport Conn. Boston Philadelphia San Francisco Chicago LICENSED UNDER THE SELDEN PATENT Everything about the Locomobile car 1s pic- tured and explained in the Locomobile Book, which will be mailed upon request to any address. %@ &@ & OUR own individual rug, different from all other rugs, and in a high class wool fabric adapted to your own decorations. If the rugs in stock colors do not suit your require- ments, we will make one that will, either plain, self-tone or contrast. All sizes up to twelve feet wide, any length. Seamless, wool weft, reversible, heavy and durable. Sold by best shops, or write for color line and price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE & COoO., NEW YorK, THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP AUBURN, N. Y. “ YOU CHOOSE THE COLORS, WE'LL MQKE THE RUG,” LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE - 15th SEASON STOP AT THE Hotel Ponce De Leon AND ANNEX WHEN AT ATLANTIC CITY Virginia Avenue and the Beach nished throughout with rare taste, and possesses all modern requisites for con- venience and comfort of guesis. Hot and Cold Sea Water Baths European and American Plan A Book tet will be gladly furnished on appli- cation. Rates, running from $12.50 to $30.00 per week, according to location of the rooms. Official Hotel American Motor League and the International Automobile League. | a Hotel Ponce De Leon is newly fur- Garage Capacity, 200 Machines For further information address: ALFRED B. GRINDROD, Prop. and Mgr. Atlantic City, N. J. White Frost Refrigerators The White lrost is made entirely of metal. Not a splinter of wood in its con- struction. Absolutely Sanitary Enameled spotless white, inside and out. Round in shape; no corners to dig out; no cracks or crevices for germs or dirt to lodge. The cleanest, sweetest, neatest, most conven- ient, most durable Re- frigerator made, Removable, re- e volving shelves. Entire ‘‘insides’’ removed and replaced intwo minutes. Keeps food pure and wholesome. Uses less ice. Various sizes. Low price. Send for free de- scriptive book. We will send you one at trade discount, freight prepaid to your station, if your dealer does not hindle them. AL STAMPING CO. 528 Mechanic St., Jackson, Mich. White Frost Refri ge rator Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A Practical Handbook For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers and describes the practical methods of applying them One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 April, 1910 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix The Modern House from the Atlantic to the Pacific This is an article treating of the development of the modern house as seen in various parts of the country, and the group of five houses presented represents the best type of modern house built at five different points. The article is described by Francis Durando Nichols and is illustrated by photographic views of the exterior and interior of the houses as well as the plans. How to Build a Pergola, and a Garden Seat A. Russell Bond tells in an illustrated article how it ts possible for an amateur to build a pergola for a small garden. He shows photographic views of a pergola and a garden seat, and also working drawings which may be used in carrying out the subject in accurate detail. Ideas for Colonial Furnishings Very few understand the significance in furnishing a Colonial house in its truest sense. Mary Livingston, who has made a special study of this subject, presents an article on how to furnish the various rooms of the Colonial house, including the hall, drawing-room, li- brary, dining-room and bedroom, which is profusely illustrated with views showing the best examples. Furniture for the Home The second paper by Esther Singleton will be devoted to porch furniture for the small house. ‘The porch of the small house frequently finds itself the resting place for the various kinds of chairs removed from different parts of the interior rooms. ‘This condition is unfor- tunate, for it not only disfigures the house, but is one that can-be avoided by a very small expenditure of money. Miss Singleton tells how this may be done, with illustrations showing the kind of furniture that is appropriate and the cost of the same. The Small Kitchen of Today There is no part of a house which receives so little at- tention and yet requires so much, as the kitchen. Mr. Robert Spencer, Jr., has prepared an interesting article on its planning and equipment, which is well illustrated with numerous plans showing the proper arrangement of the kitchen in relation to the other rooms of the house. All good housekeepers realize the importance of this subject, and no one is better qualified to give such information than Mr. Spencer, who has made the kitchen and its dependencies a special study. The Out-of-Door Living-Room Now that we are coming to the warm season of the year, our thoughts dwell upon getting out of doors, and there is no more important feature of a house which should receive proper consideration than that of the living-porch. Mr. John A. Gade has prepared a very interesting article treating upon this timely sub- ject which is profusely illustrated by photographic views showing the various ways by which a porch may be furnished and enclosed with screens in summer, and with glass in winter, Some California Bungalows The California bungalow is always interesting and Helen Lukens Gaut has prepared an article on this subject, accompanied by illustrations of eighteen bung- alows costing from $150 upwards. The bungalow is always interesting to those who want to live out of town during the summer months, and when one can learn from this article that it is possible to obtain a bungalow at so low a cost as $150, it should become very interesting. Planning the Small Garden Loring Underwood, the well-known author, tells in a very pleasing way how it is possible to plant a small garden. ‘The article is illustrated with drawings show- ing how the garden was planned and photographs showing how it has been developed. He tells of the kind of plants to use, and those from which the best results are obtained. Automobiling Stanley Yale Beach, the automobile editor of the Scientific American, tells in a practical way how it is possible for a man to have and maintain a small motor car. The article is illustrated showing automobiles costing from $700 to $1,000. Pottery Making for the Amateur Everyone is interested in pottery making, especially the kind of pottery making which can be done by the amateur. Mabel Tuke Priestman presents in an illus- trated article views that show some of the most beau- tiful pottery made in America. Furniture for the Arts and Crafts House Furnishing the arts and crafts house is a subject which is very well presented by Edith Haviland. Miss Havi- land takes one through the house, beginning with the hall, and ending in the bedroom, and shows the proper furniture and treatment of the rooms, comprising the hall, library, living-room, dining-room, and bedroom. Decorations and Furnishings for the Home Alice M. Kellogg presents her third paper, which is devoted to wall-papers and cretonnes. This article is illustrated with photographic views showing the com- binations of wall-papers and friezes, in combination with the same design and pattern for the curtains to be used at the windows and the spreads to be used upon the bed and couch of the sleeping-room. The Use of Cement in the Building of the Suburban House and Garage The widespread interest in the use of cement in the building of the suburban house and garage inspired the idea which forms one of the important features of this number. Mr. Robert W. Gardner, a well-known architect, who has made a special study of the use of cement, has prepared a very excellent article on the subject which is profusely illustrated with many fine engravings. x AMERICAN HOMES AND {GRR DEns April, 1910 Fire Protection Added Value A Perfect Wall Investigate the modern way of constructing walls. Climax Wood Mortar is one of our quality brands of hard Gypsum Plaster. Use Climax Wood Mortar over Sackett Plaster Board and you will have a wall of great strength— fire retarding, sound deadening, fuel saving and a safe surface for decoration. Some few people still buy soda crackers in a bag is hard to say. But it is easy to under- stand why increasing mil- lions of a Nation’s people keep on getting and eating more and more Uneeda Biscuit (Never sold in bulk) a Package GRAND RAPIDS PLASTER COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, It is almost criminal to continue the fire-trap construction of lime plaster over wood lath when modern methods offer something vastly better at practically the same cost. Let Us Tell You More About This Our booklet gives clearly and concisely the truth about plastering walls, a subject few laymen understand. Your name and address brings you a copy free. Grand Rapids Plaster Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Makers of Climax Wood Mortar Hercules Wall Plaster Superior Wood Fibre Plaster Gypsum Wall Plaster Sales Agents for Sackett Plaster Board For Sale by all dealers in Builder’s Supplies PY and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni- ture—Stable Fittings. S F.E. CARPENTER CO., 20°, Proadway Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY WILLOWCRAFT For beauty of design, workmanship and durability, it is q unequalled. We are the only manufacturers of WILLOW FURNITURE who advertise in this magazine. Send to our factory for illustrated catalogue and prices wy rz a g : VRID) fie ii ie eS a ae For Garden Comfort and Garden Beauty, use our THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS | j— “7 Old English Box A, North Cambridge, Mass. and other Garden Seats Send for Catalogue of Many Designs Southern Mantels oo. : 2 North Shore Ferneries Co. Excellent in Quality > BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS Effective in Design i BRISTOL’S Indoor and Outdoor Economical in Price “a Recording Thermometers AG On 0 . USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL THE MANTELS are constructed on architectural lines Recording Thermometers for Room tempera- and are the kind tures and Recording Thermometers of Long Distance type make continuous records in- doors of atmospheric temperatures outdoors, 66 e 99 sensitive bulb Deine: connected to Recording at atl Ss y Instrument _by Flexible Capillary Tubing. Write for illustrations. : ; THE BRISTOL COMPANY, Waterbury, Conn. SOUTHERN MANTELS are Southern Made and have superior merit. WRITE FOR CATALOG The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid Southern Mantel & Tile Co., Inc. || 4 story or ourpoor poy Lire puget a large number of diversions which, aside from af- 206 SOUTH GALLATIN STREET, JACKSON, MISS. q ing entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari wus articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONT ENTS POR APRIL, 1910 PAGE “AS SETRTINGTBTINTIB: > sce 8 ie) SB gy ee SoG NOP EERE Ag al oe RP ec esl he ca Nee a Cover PC OODEEEA Ch ShORUNOCK DEAN DG fees tise sc tere wlene cian sateen Saas ae rs alba a Frontispiece JEG CTE AGE TRIDYBING: ale aegis ontEL Sl are ee ec OP ce et eo ara By Charles Downing Lay 123 Tue Homes or Four ARCHITECTS IN THE MippLE West....By Francis Durando Nichols 127 DECORATIONS AND FURNISHINGS FOR THE HoMe—The Window Curtain By Alice M. Kellogg 132 THE SUMMER Home oF E. C. Sranwoop, Esqa.,Kennebunkport, Me....By Henry Hawley 134 PERN WD OR MP AONE Sop bia yn ah wye's boc ade 2d geese chee ww Saba ale By Esther Singleton 136 PMUMOMOBIPUNG=— When @loseds@ar cn Si os ohne sy halle hw ooh ae ele By Stanley Yale Beach 138 AN INTERESTING GROUP oF STUCCO HouUSEs, COSTING FROM Two THOUSAND DOLLARS UO) TERA TET ak Stee te ana an eR ean Beis Senos rhs Bean te thet ONS aR ee aa 140-141 ab AGOnE ENG APESDRY. VWORKGE: 0 fics ocwid aus ae ees woe ate By Frank Brown 142 ERIS NSE S Olle OUSE eOGANTS