iN, PACIFIC COA (00 scomerempana sar soma 2 , b | > ASI2 38 A ort. -_ ” - z oP be ec csieadllle= pkGOO gel IDE in cs e 1 Aes ) Fingts Fine Fuerone é So Perfect and So Paces HALL CLOCKS @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to’ those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. q We ales make a fine “Willard” or Banjo Clock, and several other kinds. Advance Exhibit of _ Spring and Summer Styles All the finer attributes of “Flint Quality ” will be found in our Advance Showing of Spring and Summer Styles. These comprise the newest productions in Enameled and Light Colored a Woods, including exquisite reproductions of Eighteenth Century designs, both English and French, many of which have. present day requirements added and cannot be duplicated elséwhere. @ If your local jeweler does not sell our clocks, send direct for our new illustrated catalog. Seventy Years’ Service has confirmed Flint’s Fine Furniture, enhanced the value of the Flint Trademark and established beyond pee our guprantec for Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS Waltham, Massachusetts 43-47 West 23“St. 24-28 West 24S. Special Offer-$13 Value for $7 American Estates and Gardens 3arr rerree Large Quarto, 11x13% Inches. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound: Gilt Top. Boxed. @ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which’ for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great ores i lh estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate Our S peci al O ffer treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which @ The price of this book is $10.00. have been introduced into. this country, as being We are offering a limited number of specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- - |» copies, together with one year’s sub- can country life. scription to American Homes and q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown = mikaes oi ee sae may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few for the 4a, xanspeebennieer oes have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and prepaid. As we are offering only a for that reason special attention has been given to limited number of copies on these reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and liberal terms, we would advise that rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can orders be sent at once, before the be obtained of learning how the favored ‘few live. supply of the book is exhausted. @ The building of the great homes of America has necessarily involved the development of their sur- rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period || that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present - volume. 4 This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 10% x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and, gold, and, in nadine to bods a the standard work on notable houses and gardens in Se. a forms a most attractive -eift Books a MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Geo. C. Funt Co. fe 3 | \ I WJanuary, 191! COUNTRY HOMES may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dangers, by using the Automatic ECONOMY GAS MACHINE L Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel; light- ed the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ““The Economy Way.”’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Manufacturers 437 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y. HESS Sx’ LOCKER E only modern Sanitary Steel Medicine Cabinet or Locker. Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow white, everlasting enamel,insideandout. FOR YOUR BATHRO oa Costs less than wood and is better. Should be in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin proof and easily cleaned with warm water. Made in four styles and three sizes. Price $7.00 and up. ‘ Send for illustrated circular. g HESS, 926L Tacoma Bld., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. STANDING SEAM SI ROOF IRONS CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED fest PUBLISHED THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches » Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book contains a large number of plans and perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- sides this there is much concise and practical in- formation relating to planning and seating ; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 | Munn & Co.,Inc.,361 Broadway, N. Y. City. AMERICAN HOMES AND Have you ever tasted real Southern cooking —the old negro “mammy” kind? Do you know the taste of Virginia “Corn Pone,” Fried Chicken or Smithfield Ham? How about Oysters, Terrapin, Crab and Fish fresh from the water toyou? And every kind of vegetable of a quality which only the mellow, ideal climate of the South makes possible. This is the kind of food for which The Chamberlin is famous, and the cooking—delicious—the mere memory of it will bring its delights smacking to your lips again. The daily menus-are elaborate, the service is perfect. You will be hungry, tco— the invigorating ozone-laden sea breezes, the pine- laden land breezes, the wholesome recreation will take care of that. Modern Plumbing Illustrated | By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (10% x7%) Paces 55 FuLL PaGEs OF ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 @ A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public Buildings, etc. The very latest and most ap- proved methods in all branches of Sanitary In- stallation are given. @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- trated follow in the next column. MUNN © CO., Inc.,;Publishers 361 BROADWAY. NEW YORK CITY Sample and As A Circular Free GARDENS Easy to Reach—Unique Location The Chamberlin is centrally located and easily reached from anywhere. No other resort is so uniquely situated, right at Fortress Monroe, the centre of military activities, and Hampton Roads, the rendezvous of the Nations’ warships. From the dining-room of The Chamberlin you may view the most magnificent marine panorama in the world. Military and Naval activities, magnificent sea pool and medicinal baths, pure air and choice of recreations are a few of the reasons why this is The Ideal Year Round Resort for Rest and Recreation. For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all tourist bureaus or transportation offices, or address me personally. GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. New York Office, 1122 Broadway. SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting - Bath Room Connections [ete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift— Sump Tank Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work * House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat House Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Building: Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, ete. [by Electricity Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes House Lined with Mineral Wool AN as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. VERTIOAL SECTION. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY ‘em — il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1911 = SES nape ELECTRIC-LLAMP HEATING AND Correct Craftsman Style COOKING DEVICES Morgan Doors are noted for correct- | By ean seers ness and originality of design and finish. { | Their construction is guaranteed to be \ S seen by the accompanying illustra- ; eres ase ane | A tions and drawings, some most in- teresting and unique electric heat- ) | ing and cooking apparatus, using incandes- cent lamps for supplying the necessary heat, \ have recently been developed. By means of the ordinary carbon fila- add wonderfully to the permanent value, comfort, beauty and satisfaction of the house. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong, and built of several layers of wood with grain running in opposite directions. Shrinking, warping or swell- ing is impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard wood—Birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white Oak, brown Ash, Mahogany, etc. Any style of architecture. Very best for Residences, Apart- ments, Offices, Bungalows or any building. ; Each Morgan Door is stamped “Morgan Bs which guarantees highest quality, style, durability and satisfaction. You can have Morgan Doors if you specify and insist. : In our new book—‘‘The Door Beautiful” \ —Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture for interior or exterior use, and it is explained why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. A copy will be sent on request. Architects:—Details of Morgan Doors in Sweet’s Index 678-9. Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md. Handled by Dealers who do not substitute. SS ‘ Fig. 1.—INSTRUMENT STERILIZER. 4 ment lamp of 4 watts per candle, of low $ lighting efficiency, say about 5 per cent., Bl RI ING | ON Venetian and LINDS and of high heating efficiency of about 95 Sliding per cent, a simple, cheap, and efficient elec- tric heating and cooking apparatus may be made at home, whereby food may be cooked SCRE ENS nf and materials heated to temperatures of qi 300 deg. F. or thereabout, with the least possible loss in heat. SCREEN DOORS The utensils used with the apparatus may be removed from the lamp and be placed in the dish pan and washed with the other dishes in a home without injury. In fact, a dozen different utensils may be employed in turn, with only one or two electric lamp Venetian Blindfor fm Equal 500 miles fff inside window and northward. Perfect i] ©: Sliding Blinds ——————— ee ZZ outdoor veranda. . ae for inside use. H Any wood; any m privacy with doors Require no NI finish to match tim. ff and windows open. pockets. Any y y Darkness and breezes wood, any finish. in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO..339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont maeemigneee heater units, thus reducing the cost uf elec- tric heater units, and keeping the cost of JUST PUBLISHED the electric heating equipment at a very p | H db k 'F 6 U moderate sum for a large number of very serviceable and convenient devices. opu ar an 00 for ement and oncrete Ssers In the barber shop the electric tubular By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. lamp heater for sterilizing razors (Fig. 1) Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. and the shaving cup (Fig. 2) may be used 4 : to advantage. The curling-iron heater Price, $2.50, Postpaid (Fig. 3), as well as the sterilizer and elec- ees See is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value tothe concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its { . ’ thorough treatment of the subject: I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in t Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary and Hydraulic. \V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and > Testing. IX. >>) LX e—FA ‘AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FOR3?1911 HE publishers extend a Happy New Year greeting to -T the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. They welcome the approach of the New Year for it presents every promise of being a most successful one. The scope of the paper will be continually broadened in order to meet the needs of the various tastes of its readers, and will present everything progressive in house and ground development. A brilliant program for the next twelve months has been arranged, which will introduce many new features, while the departments already established will be strengthened and enlarged. New problems centering in the home and in the, garden will be prepared by experts who have given their best thought to the subjects which are to be presented. Many practical and stimulating suggestions will be found in each month’s issue. The aim of the magazine will be to help the home builder and the home maker, and if this is accomplished the publishers will feel that their object has been realized. While they appreciate the interest which the readers have shown in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, they desire to ask a further co-operation in order that the class of articles published may be of greater service. CEMENT SHOW HE greeting extended to the many cement industries represented at the ‘Cement Show,” which is now be- ing held in Madison Square Garden, was one that demonstrates the interest manifested by architects, builders and laymen by their presence at the opening of the exhibi- tion. While the object of the show is to bring together all the facilities for the use of cement in the building of the small working man’s home, as well as the more pretentious build- ing, it is also its purpose to present in a practical and in- structive way the great utility of cement as a structural material. The exhibition serves to show how broad is the field that is embraced in the term, ‘‘cement construction,’’ and to teach how to practice economy in every type of building. With the advent of the use of cement for building small houses economically, a problem arose difficult to solve, but the idea has now been conceived of using standard shapes in order that they might be manufactured and assembled at a minimum cost. The substantial character of concrete construction is no longer a question, but the cost entailed on account of the lumber wasted and the labor required to make the forms for the molds, has made it prohibitive in competition with the building of frame houses. The experiment of erecting worl memicn’ s small houses by the use of the Atterbury sectional shield has made it possible to build a house in five working days. ‘This is an important result in comparison to the time usually re- quired to build a modern wooden house of the same size and proportions. The “Morrill Mould” also makes the building of concrete houses much cheaper. The equipment and method is, of course, new, but it has been tried out, and the system has proven most satisfactory. The forms are made of steel, 24 inches by 24 inches, which are easily joined together, and almost any size and style of building can be made with one outfit. A demonstration of Edison’s method of building a house with poured cement is exceedingly interesting. With the invention of these devices, there has been brought about a great saving in the cost of construction. This being accomplished, there is no reason why the small house can not be built for less money than has formerly been the case, and prove a much safer and a better invest- ment in maintenance than could possibly be secured under any other method of construction. THE SOCIETY OF CRAFTSMEN Che annual exhibition’ of the National Society of Craftsmen, which is now being held in the galleries of the National Arts Club of this city, shows the progress which has been made during the past year by the Society in craftsmanship. Some of the work of the mem- bers includes tiles with delicate landscapes, vases of purple iridescence, and a case of forms with gray-green mat glaze, lent by Charles Binns, the Director of the New York State Ceramic School. A corner of the exhibition is devoted to frames, hand carved and gilded, and to other pieces showing the wood carver’s art. ‘The display is distinctly American, for though there are objects of the ancient art shown, they are introduced chiefly for the purpose of contrast. A fine collection of Chinese pottery from the Han dynasty (202 B. C., 220 A. D.) serves as an incentive to the craftsmen of to-day. ‘The beauty of form and the delicacy of color are two of the elements which make the collection so delightful. This exhibition ought to be of service to all those interested in the expression of simplicity in house decoration and fur- nishing. EXHIBITION OF THE FURNITURE OF THOMAS CHIPPENDALE T is a long time since there has been exhibited in this city so rare a collection of Chippendale furniture as is now being shown at the Hotel Plaza. The rarity of the pieces of furniture exhibited demands the attention of all art collectors and those interested in the antique, and this collection is certainly worthy of serious consideration. One of the most excellent pieces is a Chippendale ma- hogany cabinet from the Dean collection; another from the same collection and also one of the rarest models presented, is a Chippendale mahogany settle, whose open back work is of triple design in ribands, and reverse C-shaped scrolls. A grandfather’s clock, also from the same collection, is of the Chinese lattice work and design, and is carved in an exquisite manner. A carved circular table from the Lord Foley collection, a pair of arm chairs from Bradfield Hall, an exquisite old cabinet from the Spottiswoode collection, and a suite of mahogany furniture from the collection of Lord Clifton, represent some of the best pieces, though everyone exhibited is a work of art. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1911 (~ CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner the var- ious methods of casting concrete for ornamental and useful pur- poses and covers the entire field of ornamental concrete work. It tells’ how to make all kinds of concrete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes- tals, concrete benches, concrete fences, ete. Full practical instructions are given for constructing and finishing the differ- ent kinds of molds, making the wire forms: or frames, selecting and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames and modeling the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing the various objects. With the information given in this book any handyman or novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material, and has explained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt- ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which is necessary With the former material. The information on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as there is little known on the subject and.there is a large growing de- mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. You Can Pay More But You Can’t Buy More HAT’S because Fir is famous the world over for its ready adaptabil- ity to all the rich old finishes of the expensive hard woods. Also because only the finest quality O/d- Growth Yellow Fir goes into Chehalis Fir Doors Age and experience go iu; beauty, ser- vice, economy, come out. That’s why some of the most lavishly furnished hotels on the coast are fin- ished in Fir and hung with Chehalis Fir Doors. They swing true as long as on hinges. Built with vertical grain stiles and rails, and slash grain panels—the only door in which the woods of all five panels are picked to match. Send for Catalog (C) It will tell you things of deep interest if you are I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of Aggregates. nes ildi H H 5 c = ¢ Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- 1X. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower building. A dime will also bring samples Se eling the Cement Mortar into Form. Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with the natural woods done in walnut, mahogany II, Plaster Molds for Simple Forms. Colored Tile. : ’ ': 1V. Plaster Molds for Objects having X. Concrete Pedestals. or oak, Tell us your architect’s or dealer’s Curved Outlines. XI. Concrete Benches. i 4 ite i V. Combination of Casting and Model- XII. Concrete Fences. name when you write. Please write tonight. LSC AGE Ee ARR Mill: Minccllancous | including Meemeaiee VI. Glue Molds. Water proofing and Reinforcing. VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used four Producing Designs with same. 16 mo. 54%4x7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a- bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK Chehalis Fir Door Company Chehalis, Wash. Handy Man’s Workshop ||| Pp A T EN TS and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical THE WEALTH OF NATIONS vention for a term of seventeen years. You can Man sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and eS ; tee BeSg grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- . : ; : k : fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise Systcnaa responsible for much of our industrial —* of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of progress and our success in competing in the markets of the this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, comm t thetherl anal Clobieininon appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only ensurate wit the a most nominal cost of obtaining it. an ged to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent out a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- Attorne repa 5 3 H ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate aes spear. om re the specifications and draw the vegee response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this is is a special branch of the legal profession whic counley and from abroad as vel Not poly amateur mechanics, but pokes can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies an ? Pap offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or “‘kinks” as they 2558 / years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at dving things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. Branch Office: cMUNN C@ COMPANY 625 F Street Solicitors of Patents — Washington, D.C. ain Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK MUNN & COMPANY \\ 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vii —— a American Homes and Gardens for February Notable American Homes The country seat of R. R. Colgate, Esq., at Sharon, Conn., forms the opening article for this issue. The estate is a splendid one, comprising an area of over three hundred acres which is thoroughly cultivated and developed. The article, prepared by Barr Ferree, is well illustrated by many fine engravings of the mansion, the garden and the various buildings erected on the property. It is a subject that will be of interest to those who would like to take a look into one of the palatial homes of America. Lemonade-Well for a Winter’s Party The success of a social entertainment depends in a large measure upon the decorations. A pleasing sug- gestion for a Valentine party, or any other home en- tertainment of a Winter’s evening, is made by A. R. Van der Veer. Out of a sugar barrel and a soap box a unique lemonade-well may be made, in which lemon- ade is hauled up by means of buckets from a pail placed within the barrel. How to make this odd well curb and the best method of disguising the wooden parts with crépe paper, bricks, cotton snow, glass ici- cles, etc., is described in sufficient detail to enable anyone to duplicate the work. Quaint Dessert Dishes All mothers realize the difficulty which attends the preparations for a children’s party. Percy Collins has prepared an excellent article on the subject which is illustrated by many designs for quaint dessert dishes suitable for the amusement of a party of youngsters. The designs are quite easily made, and the shouts of delighted laughter which greet their appearance at the table amply compensate one for the small expenditure of time and patience involved in making them. China Embroidery One of the latest novelties in the art world is the copy- ing of the designs found in the old china plates and pitchers for the decoration of linen cloths for table use. Monica Bastin presents some excellent examples of this kind of work and tells in a very interesting way how it may be accomplished. The Fascination of an English Cottage There is an immutable art principle in domestic archi- tecture which few people appreciate. It is in the devo- tion to the fundamental truth of all that is best in that which has been done from generation to generation, and which is representative of all the parts which go to make good domestic architecture of the present day. Joy Wheeler Dow has prepared an interesting paper on the subject, which is illustrated with many excellent drawings. An Indoor Garden of Moss and Fern Modern gardening is always difficult by reason of the fact that it is only a certain number of plants which can stand the trying conditions of room culture. The formations of the moss garden is very simple, and S. Leonard Bastin tells in his article and also by illus- tration, how to grow plants in a nearly air-tight case with effective results, for those who would like to have something green in the house during the Win- ter months. The Small House The small house is always interesting to the home builder, and the group of houses shown on a double page are representative of some of the best designs in small dwellings built in this country. A study of the houses will show a varied assortment of styles in home architecture. Flower Preservation One of the most distressing sides to botanical study is the transitory beauty of flowers. Those who have felt that the usual method of preserving plants by pressure between paper is unsatisfactory, will be in- terested to learn of a German treatment whereby it is declared that many kinds of flowers may be dried so that they retain a good deal of their natural form and color. S. Leonard Bastin has prepared an illustrated paper on the subject which will be of service to those who are interested in the preservation of plants. Dutch Furniture Collectors of furniture and students of decorative art rarely realize how much is owed to the Dutch in the development of form and ornamentation. It is in- teresting to follow the progress of the Renaissance in the Low Countries, and still more to trace the ad- vent of the curve and the adaptation of the jar and dragon and other fantastic forms and. devices of dec- oration that have their birth in the far East. Esther Singleton, who is an authority on the subject, has pre- pared an interesting and instructive paper which is properly illustrated by engravings of the pieces of furniture belonging to the famous Clarke cédllection, recently sold at public auction in this city. Houses of Moderate Cost Paul Thurston, who is well known to the readers of this magazine, has prepared a paper on houses of moderate cost, which is well illustrated. The engray- ings show exterior and interior views, as well as floor plans of the various houses presented, and the text gives a comprehensive idea of the treatment of each of the houses. The Lone Pine” This is an interesting little house built of hollow tile, containing one large room with an ingle-nook, and two bedrooms provided with ample closets:.* Mabel Tuke Priestman has prepared a paper telling how the build- ing was constructed, and has illustrated it by engray- ings of the exterior and the interior of the building, and also of the floor plans, showing the arrangement of the rooms. Garden Notes Charles Downing Lay, who conducts the department of “Garden Notes,” will devote it to the planning of a small place. This is an important subject and is one that ought to appeal to the owners of small properties who desire to improve their surroundings. Improve- ment of this kind not only enhances the value of one’s estate, but it also creates a beauty in the development of all property of which it is a component part. viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS OLEF The renting agent calls attention to the \\s Wolff Plumbing Fixtures as his best guaran- ANS tee to the prospective tenant of the high grade Bee - of the plumbing system—indeed the type of the \\\ whole building is many times inferred from the AS use of Wolff material throughout. ) When renters become builders the worries from ‘assembled ’’ plumbing contrasted with the perfect ser- vice of the all-built-by-one-house Wolff plumbing makes it easy for the architect to use Wolff specifications. i = i L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. Established 1855 ‘ 1 ' vA 7) 4 i : \ Manufacturers a" Plumbing Goods Exclusively _ : aN The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, Chicago +H Showrooms, 91 Dearborn St., Chicago Hie ~~» 5 i BRANCH OFFICES: 9 -=-~-——~-— | | t 1 DENVER ; TRENTON we OMAHA SS MINNEAPOLIS 4 ST, LOUIS MUNA RARARARARARARAAARARARARARARARARARAAAAARARARARARARARARARARAG JUST PUBLISHED The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR ; A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- Neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & CO., Inc. . 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK BA TD A Tel Mal Malad Oa WaD al Wad fa Tad a Tad Raf Tad Ral Lad Rah Tad al Wad aT aad a Ta af ad af Lad al a a Tada Ta fa Ta af a af Ua aad aad a Tea Tad Tl CA Wh Ta Rel Tad aad Gal Tad Tad al TP fal INLOLOLOLLLOLLLLLOLILLLOLLLLL ws 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 S 5 5 e January, 1911 Concrete Reinforced Concrete and Concrete Building Blocks Scientific American Supplement 1543 con- tains an article on concrete, by Brysson Cunning- ham. The article clearly describes the proper composition and mixture of concrete and gives results of elaborate tests. Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing concrete, con- crete construction, and their applications. These articles consiitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced concrete. Nothing better has been published. Scientific American Supplement 997 con- tains an article by Spencer Newberry in which practical notes on the proper preparation of con- crete are given. Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a critical review of the engineering value of reinforced concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 give a resume in which the various systems of reinforced concrete construction are discussed and illustrated. Scitntific American Supplement 1564 con- tains an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analyzed. Scientific American Supplement 1551 con- tains the principles of reinforceé concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter I,oring Webb. Scientific American Supplement 1573 con- tains an article by Louis H. Gibson on the prin- ciples of success in concrete block manufacture, illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1574 dis- cusses steel for reinforced concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576, and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L Wormle:, Jr., on cement, mortar and concrete, their preparation and use for farm purposes. The paper exhaustively discusses the making of mor- tar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of construction of reinforced concrete posts. Each number of the Supplement costs 20 cents. A set of papers containing all the articles above men- tioned will be mailed for $1.80 Send for a New 1910 Supplement Cata- logue, FREE to any address. Order from your newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City JUST PUBLISHED Bungalows, Camps & Mountain Houses Consisting of a large variety of designs by a number of architects, showing buildings that have been erected in all parts of the country. Many of these are intended for summer use, while other examples are of structures erected in California and the Southern States for perma- nent residences. Also Camps, Hunters’ Lodges, Log Cabins, etc. The book contains Seventy Separate Designs of which several are Log Cabins and Camps 78 Exterior Views, 12 Interior Views and 69 Floor Plans In the text is given an articleon “The Bungalow,” with hints on selection of site, sanitation, lay- out and construction, together with a very com- plete description of each design, with cost where it could be obtained. The work is intended to meet the needs of a large class of people who are planning summer homes at low and moderate cost, for erection in the Woods, Mountains, and on Lake and Seashore. Size 8x914 inches, bound in illustrated boards. Price, $2.00 postpaid. MUNN & CO. Inc. Publishers 361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year SO TEN YS FOR “JANUARY, 1911 Doric COLUMNS SUPPORT THE BEAMS OF THE PERGOLA Frontispiece AN INTERESTING APPLICATION OF Swiss ARCHITECTURE FOR AMERICAN USE By Charles Alma Byers Economic VALUE oF WILD Birps By H. A. Crafts THE Two HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INVENTION OF PORCELAIN BY BOETTGER By Charles A. Brassler DECORATIONS AND FURNISHINGS FOR THE HomE—XI. Old-time Bedroom Furnishings By Alice M. Kellogg THE HoMeE OF AN AMERICAN SCULPTOR IN CALIFORNIA By Burr Bartram A House oF SPANISH CHARACTER By Henry Hawley HANDICRAFTSMAN—Home-made Pottery—I1 By W. P. Jervis A PicruRESQUE RANCH BUNGALOW AMID ATTRACTIVE ENVIRONS By Scott Waverly New CRETONNES AND TAFFETAS By Mabel Tuke Priestman By Paul Thurston By Charles Downing Lay By P. Harvey Middleton By S. Leonard Bastin By William Atherton DePuy The Editor’s Note Book Correspondence American Homes and Gardens for February New Books | _ Electric-Lamp Heating and Cooking Devices Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH; Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1910, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Doric columns support the beams of the pergola AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Sse —sj SEN g IA ery este a Or Z = J) An Interesting Application of Swiss Architecture for American Use By Charles Alma Byers (CMe y HAT the American architects borrow sug- gestions from the architecture of nearly every country and every period is a fact that has been admitted for a long time. Were the architectural styles adopted in their entirety our architects could only claim commendation for showing good taste, but that does not constitute the extent of their serv- ice. They have learned sometimes to adopt styles merely aS suggestions, and then to convert such suggestions into creations so diversified ir character as to seem almost orig- inal. It has been said that America has no architectural style of its own, just as it has been claimed that we have Ab no school of individuality in art, but since it is so difficult to trace the various recognized styles of architecture to their real and undisputed origins the intended accusation can be easily forgiven. It should be sufficient satisfaction to realize that from borrowed suggestions the architects of this country have created styles, possibly a score of them, that unquestionably belong more to America than to any other country, even though they retain more or less of their foreign prototypes’ characteristics. The very attractive house illustrated by the accompany- ing photographs and floor plans represents an American- ized interpretation of the Swiss chalet. The style in its interpretation, however, has undergone many changes— The characteristics of the Swiss chalet are revealed in this house a | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS changes that leave to the creation only lit- tle more than a sug- gestion of the real chalet of the Swit- zerland mountains. It is in the roof lines and in the use of the split shakes for the siding that the sug- gestion is most pro- nounced; in nearly every other respect the creation shows marked deviations. The result of the combining of origin- ality with the sug- gestion borrowed from the Swiss cha- let, however, is highly satisfactory, the general appear- ance of the house be- ing both harmonious and attractive, while suited to numerous localities. The house, which is located at Oak Knoll, near Los An- geles, California, is the home of Dr. F. K. Ledyard. It stands on a fairly large plot of ground, and is embowered in a gracefully arranged setting of trees and shrubbery, which materially enhances the beauty of the home. One view of the house, presented on the cover, reveals it as YE The redwood pergola January, 1911 if in a frame formed by the arching branch of a picturesque old oak, while the more immediate setting consists of black aca- cias, English wal- nuts, orange and lemon trees and dwarfed palms. The color scheme of the house is strik- ingly attractive, and is such as to be pleas- ingly emphasized by the green olmefme surrounding foliage. The flat chalet roof with its broadly pro- jecting cavesi susan white asbestos, which, in color, har- monizes with the white limestone of the two wildly mas- sive chimneys and the gray cement of the walks and pergola porch flooring. ‘The siding, which is composed of split redwood shakes, is stained a deep russet orange, harmon- izing beautifully with one of the conspicuous natural colors of the bark of the redwood poles and logs which are used for the finishing timbers and in the construction of the fine pergolas of the porch and of the garden. Detail of chimney and of pergola January, 1911 Pa Ru The house derives a large portion of its charm trom the use ot the redwood tim- , Se Ser bers, a carload of which was used in the escation: Joebhey ware employed _ exclusively in the construction ot the pergolas, and con- stitute the major por- tion of the material used in the creation of two second-floor sleeping balconies, in addition to the part they play in the re- mainder of the exte- rior finish. Careful attention has been given to their selec- tion, and their rela- tion to the structural lines of the house de- serves more than pass- ing attention, a fairly good study of which may be made from some of the accom- panying photographs. The logs, contrary to common custom, are not split, but are whole. is not advisable to attempt to use split redwood, if it be desired that the bark be not removed, as the bark of red- wood will eventually loosen and fall off if the split. The diameters of the timbers used vary three inches to nearly twelve inches. the logs are untreated, possessing their nat- ural colors of deep russet orange and rich browns. The house has a frontage of fifty-four feet and a depth of forty-six feet. The porch per- gola, exclusive of the porte-cochere, extends for forty feet across the front, while the gar- den pergola, projecting into the garden from one of the front corners of the house, is thirty- five feet long. The latter is entered from the foot of a short flight of rustic steps which ter- Sioa on Stee So tal) y — = +4 In regard to color, + Sek = coggmee mae r BO PPO. ELS AEE OOS ope OES, Ls The pergola as seen across the front Int-tact,. it timbers are from about The living-room and the den beyond floor are hall, living-room, den, maid’s room, and a screened porch, and on the second floor are four bedrooms, two sleeping balconies, two bath- rooms, and a sun room. hall, the dining-room lies to the right and the living-room to the left; a broad arch hung with portieres forming in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5 7 minates a branch of the walk leading to the front entrance of the house. ‘The split redwood shakes which , constitute the siding a a s §6rtor: «the house are f nearly uniformly four inches wide, are spaced about one-half inch apart, and are laid with fourteen inches of their length exposed. The chim- ney at the front is built on the outside from the ground up, and supports on_ its side a small redwood- log window box of in- teresting design, while the rear chimney only makes its outside ap- pearance through the roof. A careful study of the floor plans of the house should prove highly interesting to the prospective home builder. On the first dining-room, kitchen, jpg — © Entering the house through the A window picture from the living-room each instance the only partition. From the din- ing-room French doors open into a small per- golaed fernery, on the north side of the house. The dining-room is seventeen feet and nine inches by sixteen feet and one inch, and pos- sesses a broad, artistic buffet, with a plate glass mirror and leaded glass doors with a casement window on either side. The woodwork is of Peruvian mahogany, and the walls are tinted a 6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS rich chocolate color, while the ceiling is done in buff. The rug and the draperies of the room are of a rich brown color, blending in handsomely with the general color scheme. The living-room is twenty-seven feet and nine inches by sixteen feet, and is provided with a small alcove, with a slightly elevated floor. It contains a built-in bookcase at one end, a window in the other and a built-in seat extending its entire length. As in the dining-room, the woodwork of the living-room is of Peruvian mahogany, and the walls and the ceiling are similarly tinted. Sliding glass doors separate the living-room from the den, which latter is on the front of the house, and French doors lead from the den into one end of the pergola veranda. An important feature of this room, size four- teen feet by fourteen feet, is a spacious fireplace of olive- green tile, with a built-in bookcase on each side, above which are two small windows. The woodwork is of dressed red- wood left in its natural color, and the walls are tinted a dull red, while the ceiling, which is beamed, is tinted a light cream color. Oak floors are used for every first floor room, except the kitchen. On the second-floor, the sun room occupies the same position as does the den on the first floor. ‘This room possesses a fireplace also, and is liberally provided with windows on three sides. Its woodwork is of Oregon pine, except a floor of oak. The four bedrooms, as well as the two bathrooms, are finished in white enamel, and are provided January, rgtI with numerous built-in closets, wardrobes and window seats. The most admirable features of the second-floor ar- rangement are the two sleeping balconies. ‘There is one, size thirteen feet three inches by sixteen feet one inch, on the north side, over one end of the dining-room, and one, size nine feet three inches by nine feet nine inches, on the south side over one corner of the living-room. ‘The balconies have canvas decked floors and are covered by roofs. Bannister railings of redwood poles extend along the unenclosed sides, and porch shades are provided which can be lowered in sections to regulate draughts. Although located in southern California, the house is substantially built throughout, and should withstand the weather of almost any climate. It is provided with furnace heating apparatus; the fireplaces being used only to give the rooms a cozy and cheerful appearance, and to suffice on chilly evenings when furnace heat is not essential. The den, which can be entirely closed, can always be sufficiently heated from the fireplace, however, and on winter even- ings it becomes the family living-room. From all points of view the house presents an attractive and home-like appearance. In a sense, it is of rustic archi- tecture, but it is far from being extremely so. It has been thoughtfully designed in every detail, and the creation en masse is harmonious and pleasingly effective. The Mil- waukee Building Company of Los Angeles, California, was the architect of the house. Economic Value of Wild Birds By H. A. Crafts bird farm near Hayward, Alameda County. Its first object is to breed game birds for the stocking of the forests, ranges and covers of the State, for the benefit of sportsmen; but it promises to have other and more far-reaching effects. The species at first to be propagated consists of pheas- ants, partridges, bob-whites and wild turkeys, but it is the intention of the State in time to breed song birds as well. As the State has an area of more than 153,000 square miles, and the bulk of this area being wild land, it may be plainly seen that the field is very large, and offers great possibilities in the line of bird culture. Next to the sportsmen the farmers of the State will be- come interested in the movement. In the first place it is the intention of the promoters of the scheme to have the game laws amended so as to permit the farmers to raise pheasants and other birds for commercial purposes. But far and away beyond this interest comes that of a possible conquest of the insect-pest evils that afflict the State. By reason of its mild and equable climate California is a very favorable field for the rapid increase of insect life, and the wild birds being scarce the injurious insects have in the past become a host, and have caused millions of dollars damages to the fruit growers. And in order to keep these insect pests under anything like reasonable control the State is obliged to maintain one of the most extensive horticultural quarantine departments in the world; to use vast amounts of sprays and fumigants and to maintain a parasitic system that is a wonder of modern industrial history. Yet, with all the repressive measures employed. the losses from insect-pests are very large annually, and the propagation of wild birds should be hailed by the farmers of the State as a hopeful sign for the future. Briefly, the bird farm is supported by funds derived from the State treasury, and is under the general supervi- sion of the State Game and Fish Commission. It consists at present of forty-two acres, but will soon be enlarged to one hundred. The breeding of young birds was begun last year, and it is expected that by another year the farm will be in a posi- tion to turn out from 4,000 to 8,000 annually. The young birds will be distributed over the State as evenly as possible, and will be given out to approved applicants, in bunches of fifty to one hundred. No applicant will be given any birds until his reliability has been established and not before he has pledged himself to care for and protect the fledg- lings previous to becoming established in their new abodes. The farm has been fitted up with necessary buildings, including superintendent’s residence, barn, water tank, etc., besides fifty pens in which to keep the breeding birds. The pheasants used for breeding purposes were all im- ported from Europe, and the bird that seems destined to become most popular in the State is the Hungarian pheas- ant. The wild turkeys used are obtained from Old Mexico and consist of two species, one a small kind, not much larger than a common grouse, and another of the ordinary size. The breeding females of the various species under care lay their eggs in the pens quite promiscuously, and the eggs are gathered by the keeper and placed under common hens for hatching. Of these hens the farm has a flock of 225, and they are of the white and Barred Plymouth Rock strains. After hatching, the chicks are allowed to run with their foster mothers for a period of two months. Then they January, 1911 are taken away and placed in pens by themselves until ready to liberate. Great care has to be exercised in the rearing of these young fowls. At first they are fed on maggots, and the grubs have to be propagated on the farm. They are also fed on milk curds. Brooders with outside runs are used and the former are moved every day in order that strict sanitary rules may be observed. ‘The birds, both young and old, are given fresh water daily, and plenty of it. But the California climate _~= Group of pheasants in a pen Eucalyptus trees on left Bird tarm on night. is very favorable to bird life and it is expected that the work of stocking the State will go rapidly on. Possibly a few farmers and gardeners will get the idea that so many wild birds will be a menace to their crops, but when the benefits to be derived by the farmers and fruit growers at large, in the way of insect-pest control, are weighed against the possible damage, it will be found that the latter becomes comparatively insignificant. This truth has been no clearer shown than by a paper read by W. R. McIntosh, of Fresno, during the session of a recent fruit-growers’ convention. Among other things, Mr. McIntosh set forth that: AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7 An old hen mothering wild turkeys ‘‘Nowhere in the material universe do we find a more interesting and beautiful law of balance and harmony than formerly existed in the lives of insects and wild birds. In- sects are justly regarded everywhere as the enemies of agriculture. ‘Their destroyers—the birds—must therefore be the farmers’ best friends. So long as nature held undisputed sway our friends kept our enemies in check, and small damage resulted to growing crops, and the hus- bandman was fairly secure in his calling. In the destruction of the home of wild birds—the for- View showing arrangement of pheasant pens Hens used for hatching game birds ests—by ax and fire, and the wanton and cruel slaughter of birds in the name of sport, the relations and harmony of nature have been undermined.” The accomplishment of this scheme to restore the economic value of wild birds, will of course be harder to perform if the needed conservation in the matter of forestry is allowed to lapse into indifference, or to spread its present rate of havoc. The farm’s establishment is more than a hint to the law givers of the fast increasing State of Cali- fornia, that carelessness can be amended in various direc- tions, whether it be in that of pastime of agriculture or of breeding of song birds. 8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HE little town of Meissen, near Dresden, was very recently the scene of a unique celebration. Founded and fortified in 928 by Henry I, of Germany, as an out- post of the Empire, a bulwark against its turbulent Slavonian neighbors, Meissen, one of the oldest towns in the kingdom of Saxony, is famous for its exquisitely beautiful Gothic cathedral, reputed to be the finest place of worship in that style of architecture in Germany. But a fame, even more world-wide, attaches to a spacious range of buildings, with towering chimneys, in which the interest of the votaries of the ceramic art have of late centered, for near here, 200 years, ago, Johann Boettger invented, for Europe, the process of making porcelain, and here, in a frowning fortress overlooking the Elbe, assigned to him for that purpose by the King of Saxony, he instituted and carried on for several years the manufacture of the artistic and decidedly beautiful ware that has made the old Saxony city famous in the art world. The anniversary has just been appropriately celebrated in royal and official circles and by the people of Saxony in general and Meissen in Seinipnecnipitie Three exquisite Meissen vases of the Eighteenth Century period The Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Invention of Porcelain by Boettger By Charles A. Brassler January, IgII particular, and many prominent people have journeyed to Meissen to participate in the celebration of the two hun- dredth year-day of the institution of an art-industry that has taken a leading position among the most important art interests of Europe. The personage and his discovery, which the celebration commemorates, are of sufficient in- terest to all ceramists, and those interested in the develop- ment of the useful arts, to merit the devotion of a brief space in these columns to a story of Boettger, and what he accomplished for European pottery. Centuries before potters in Europe had any knowledge of the manufacture of porcelain, its production and elab- oration were practiced as familiar arts in the far East and traders to India and China brought back with them, specimens of Chinese and Japanese ware, that excited the admiration of the European manufacturers of white faience and stoneware, and stimulated their emulation. Among the wealthy classes, the finer porcelains of the Orient were valued, often at their weight in gold, and the accumulation of choice specimens, was a “fad” in which the wealthy, of artistic tastes, expended fortunes and was indeed one of the ways in which they demonstrated their superior SLD RR a Bi January, 1911 culture. One of the most enthusiastic of these connoisseurs and collectors was August II, King of Saxony and of Po- land. He is chronicled as importing these articles from the East in fabulous quantities; certain it is, that in his castles and palaces, he surrounded himself, regardless of expense, with the choicest specimens of the potter’s art. It was, indeed, to his interest in ceramics that is due the discovery in Europe of the art of making porcelain, and its establishment in the Occident on a commercial scale, re- cently celebrated as the two hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the royal porcelain works at Meissen. With the celebration of this establishment of the famous porce- lain works, from which the secret was afterwards carried to others, it was necessary to celebrate the two hundredth anniversary of the perfection or re-invention in Europe of the art of making porcelain by Johann Friedrich Boett- ger, born in 1682 at Schleiz, Saxony, and bound appren- tice in 1696 to Apothecary Zorn, in Berlin. Thus the celebration bore a double significance. Boettger was by turns pharmacist, alchemist and potter, and while the combinations of the three callings may now-a- days sound somewhat incongruous, there is really nothing remarkable about it when the conditions at that time preva- lent in Europe are considered. The pharmacist—apothe- cary was his title in those times—was the only person pos- sessing the least practical knowledge of drugs and chem- icals; the alchemist, regarded as an uncanny individual and feared, and ofttimes persecuted as a practitioner of the “black arts,’ was constantly dabbling in these materials in the hope of discovering the “arcanum,” the philosophers’ stone, the elixir of life, or some means of transmitting ‘ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 the baser metals into gold, and in the course of his re- searches, was in the habit of combining all sorts of ele- ments, minerals especially, and accustomed to employ in his operations, such high temperatures as the use of the retort, crucible and alembic made possible. Bearing in mind that his subsequent operations in search of a porce- lain composition, were wholly gropings in the dark, and that he had no real scientific knowledge of the materials he employed, the value of this early experience of Boettger will be recognized without difficulty. As an apothecary’s apprentice, he established a reputation as a visionary stu- dent, a ne’er-do-well dabbler in things outside of his busi- ness, and he enhanced it by his boasting of his knowledge of the gold making processes. This was brought to the ears of the Saxon monarch, who being, thanks to his costly art tastes, and for other reasons in an advanced state of impecuniosity, conceived the idea that a successful gold- maker would be a welcome addition to his establishment. About the same time Boettger had decided to transfer the scene of his activity to Wittenberg, in the Saxon territory, and although the Prussian King objected strenuously to the loss of a subject in whom might be vested such important possibilities, the subject of our story moved over to Sax- ony, a troop of cavalry being sent to guarantee him safe conduct, by his new protector. He was installed on his arrival in Dresden in the “gold house,” a chemical lab- oratory attached to the royal castle in that city and en- joined to lose no time in turning out the gold, of which his royal master had such urgent need. Here he remained from 1701 to 1702, when he was transferred to the castle of the sovereign, Prince Anton Egon von Firstenberg, still 10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS under surveillance, and with strict injunctions if he valued his personal well-being, to go ahead and make gold. His researches were pursued under the stimulus of his dread of having his career suddenly terminated by the public ex- ecutioner, but although he did not succeed in making gold, he finally produced, as a residual product of one of his experiments, a substance of a red color, closely resembling porcelain, but more nearly a very fine grade of stoneware. In the possibilities of this discovery, August II was at once interested, as next to gold it was likely to prove at that epoch the most profitable discovery he could have expected, and one likely to redound to his own credit, so he encour- aged Boettger to proceed. In 1709 he had succeeded in turning out some really creditable articles in his redstone ware, for which he managed the following year to per- fect a fine glaze, and specimens of the ware he produced at this period, although scarce, are yet to be seen in ceramic collections, notably in the museum at Dresden. Some of them, including teapots, teacups and saucers, were shown at the great fair in Leipzig in 1710. January, 1911 with silver, gold, platina or colored enamels, it was ex- ceedingly attractive, as specimens still in existence prove, so much so that the King used the choicer pieces as gifts for his most esteemed friends and favorites, often mount- ing them in the precious metals. But the production of this stoneware, or ‘“‘Boettger”’ ware, successful as it proved, didnot satisfy Boettger. The artistic instinct aroused in him spurred him to further achievements, and he aimed at the production of ware that would compare in fineness, originality and delicacy, with the creations of the Oriental artists. With the best materials the country furnished, at his command, supple- mented with others that he discovered or pressed into his service, the Kaolin he found in his hair powder, being ac- cording to some accounts utilized for these purposes, and, in the King’s collections, the choicest specimens of Oriental porcelains as models and incentives he unremittingly per- sued his investigations and constantly improved in the de- sign, execution and finish of the goods he turned out. The King, recognizing the progress he was making, en- The present Royal Meissen factory This was really nothing new, red stoneware made in China and Japan being already known in Europe; but this was home-made, and although described as somewhat crude in form and finish, at once attracted attention. To improve its form, the King commissioned the famous court goldsmith, Irminger, to make patterns for the new ware, in which he embodied Barocque ideas, and with this differ- ence, and certain changes in the composition of the mass which Boettger introduced, he was able to produce an article differing broadly from the Chinese ware, and which for many years retained its popularity. One of the ingredients of the mass, the composition of which, like all the operations conducted by these early cera- mists, was a jealously-guarded secret, was iron-oxide, and the proportion in which it was present and the chemical changes it underwent in the process of firing, consequent on the temperature maintained, and whether the firing was done in a muffle or in open kiln, enabled the maker to vary its color, from copper red to deep brown, so that with dec- orations in simple relief, picked out with gold or painted couraged him in his efforts and foreseeing in the results something infinitely superior to the best efforts of the faience and earthenware factories of the times, resolved to take part in the work and incidently to share whatever credit and profit might result from it; under royal decree, dated January 23, 1710, he ordered the establishment, in Dresden, of a porcelain factory, which for convenience’ sake was removed, a few months afterwards, to Meissen, on the banks of the Elbe, fifteen miles from the residence city, where it was installed in the practically abandoned and internally inadequate royal castle or fortress of Albrechts- burg. This castle, Boettger immediately began to put in shape for his work, the ‘“‘Venus baston,’” which is still in existence and in a fair state of preservation ‘This, then, was the birthplace, in Europe, of the porcelain industry and this the event so appropriately and happily celebrated recently in Meissen. As was to be expected, on account of the interest the reigning Saxon monarch had taken in the development of the industry, royalty took a conspicuous part in the cele- January, 1911 A teapot of Boettger ware brations of the 200th anniversary. The King distributed among the officials and veteran employees of the works, a number of orders and other personal distinctions, alike commemorative of the event and in recognition of the faithful and efficient services, while the festal programme carried out was at once appropriate and highly interesting. In the morning of June 6, 1910, in the great court of the works, there was a festal performance; at noon divine service in the city church; later a banquet in the Albrechts- burg for the dignitaries and in the Burgkeller for other guests, general social intercourse, reception of the King and royal family, greeting of the King at the place of fes- tivities, and artistic representation by members of the court; and final general conviviality, concert, choral music, dancing, etc. But to resume the thread of our story of the rise and progress of the famous establishment, to which, after 200 years, the world still looks as academically connected with the rise and progress of one of its favorite arts, Boettger, who occupies in his relation to the development of the Saxon porcelain industry a position comparably only with that held in France by Bernard Palissey or in England by Josiah Wedgewood, was installed, with Mining-Councillor Nehmitz as his associate, as director of the Royal Por- celain Works at Meissen, an office he continued to hold until his decease in 1719. For some time, the manufacture of the redstone ware chiefly occupied his attention, and here were turned out many creditable specimens of his work, including mugs, bowls, tea and coffee pots, cups and saucers, knife-handles, figures and some more pretentious articles in the shape of large vases. But the production of this ware, successful as it proved and remunerative as it was to his royal patron, Saucer of Boettger ware AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS II A cup of Boettger ware A sugar basin of Boettger ware did not satisfy him. Having frankly acknowledged his lack of knowledge, in regard to gold making, he was allowed to continue his researches into the manufacture of porcelain, and they were finally rewarded with a considerable measure of success. Towards the close of 1709 or the beginning of 1710, he had produced his first real porcelain specimens, crude, it is true, in form, but having the delicacy of sub- stance and the semi-translucent quality characteristic of the finest Oriental porcelain and the attainment of which had been, for so many centuries, the despair of the Euro- pean potters. In 1713 he produced his first fired goods, with underglaze decoration, and in 1715 followed his first hard porcelain. Very soon, the original Boettger redstone ware, gave way to the really artistic products the new process made possible and on the development of which, the fame of Meissen, as the Royal Porcelain Factory rests. The most artistic Oriental models were at first closely followed in style and effect, if not in many instances actually copied and so successfully that it was and is impossible to dis- tinguish, without the closest scrutiny, between choice speci- mens of Meissen ware of this period and the finest pro- ductions of Oriental potteries. Fine table services, orna- ments and purely artistic creations won fame for the royal potteries on the Elbe under Boettger’s direction, although the commercial results of the enterprise were decidedly handicapped by the constant demands made upon the establishment by the royal founder, who imposed upon it the most exorbitant commissions for the ornamentation of his residences, presentations to friends and allies, etc. At this time some of the choicest and most unique specimens of Meissen ware originated, mostly in response to royal commands and some of the leading plastic and A bird (Toucan) of Boettger ware Eighteenth Century porcelain A brace of falcons (kestrels) 12 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS color artists in Europe, were called in to assist in the per- fection of what Boettger’s discovery had made possible. It was recognized early in the development of the Meissen factory, that while the technique of the potters art under Boettger’s direction left little to be desired, there was room for improvement in the coloring and, in 1720, the famous enamel painter, Johann Gregorius Herold, was induced to go to Saxony from Vienna, to bestow his atten- tion on this particular branch of the work. His influence was at once perceptible; from this period dates the per- fection of coloring that distinguishes Meissen porcelain to this day. Herold was not merely a colorist, in the ordinary acceptance of the term, he was a genius in the discov- ery and origination of colors and color schemes, that lent brilliancy to his creations. One of the colors he con- tributed to the Meissen re- sources, was a superb glazed blue, the secret of which the Chinese originators had lost centuries before and never had been able to re- discover. ‘This was, indeed, the most wonderful period in the history of Meissen porcelain, it attained a de- ; gree of perfection it has never since exceeded and some of the choicest and most artistic of the productions of the estab- lishment date from this time. The influence exerted on the productions of the now flourishing establishment was further enhanced when in 1731 the services of Joachim Kannoler, one of the most famous plastic artists of the century were secured for directing the molding and modeling branch. With his deft hands and with Herold directing the color work, Meissen entered upon the most successful epoch in its exist- ence. Kannoler created for Meissen what has been described as the European classical style in porcelain, as distinct from the Oriental, which had hitherto dominated or influenced more or less the best productions of European potteries. From now on, Meissen had a style of its own, the day of imi- tations of the French, the Vienna and other schools was past, and the royal por- celain works established a style entirely original, which other schools and porcelain factories have been only too glad to imitate, for after a while porcelain works sprang up elsewhere, the secret hav- ing been sold by deserters from Meissen. That a demand arose for Meissen porcelain, was only to be expected and for the first time in its history the works developed, from a drain on the royal treasury, into a very appreciable source of income, so that Boettger’s work proved indirectly a gold making undertaking. From all quarters of the globe, even from the distant Orient, orders for Meissen porcelain were coming in and the amount of work the factory turned out, under the indefatigable energy of Kannoler and his assistants Zuegel, Walther, Blochmann, Wiegand, and others, almost surpasses belief. The fact that porcelain had come into its own, as a feature in the decoration and furnishing of the apartments ‘‘de luxe’ on which the monarchs of the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- turies lavished fabulous sums, increased, not only the vol- ume, but the importance of the commissions intrusted to the Meissen works, and its products are to be found in Fine specimens of Meissen porcelain ware, Royal figures and group of children Two fine groups representative of the Rococo period January, 1911 every civilized land, in many instances unexpected finds of porcelain from this famous factory having been made. All this, of course, brought “‘grist to the mill,” and in 1746, when nearly 400 people were employed in the factories, they turned over a profit of almost 110,000 thalers ($80,300), and enjoyed the fame of being the most ex- tensive establishment of the kind in existence. The seven years’ war, during which Saxony was overrun with rival armies, saw the works more than once in danger of destruction. Fortunately Frederick the Great, who liked to be considered a friend of the liberal arts, displayed un- expected consideration for the famous factory, contenting himself with laying it under heavy contribution, for the gratification of his personal tastes, although it is even said that he paid for some of the wares that pleased his royal fancy. Be this as it may, Meissen’s loss, through tie war, was purely of a financial character, and from this it speedily recuperated, for we find, in 1765, that there were 731 people on the factory payroll and that the receipts for the following year totalled 221,500 thalers ($161,133). At the same time the staff of experts was constantly undergoing augmentations, an important addition being the famous court painter, Dietrich. In 1774, with the advent of the Graf. Marcolini at the head of affairs, another period of extraordinary prosperity commenced.for Meissen, known as the Marcolini period, which lasted forty years, until 1815. It included two dis- tinct style periods, the ‘“Zopf’ (Louis XVI) and the ‘“Em- pire,’ and while they may not have exercised so significant an effect on the development of Meissen ware, as the less restrained ‘‘Rococo” style that Kannoler encouraged, and to which the color work of Herold so admirably lent itself, they are none the less characteristic and have served per- haps better than any other Meissen products to familiarize us with the productions of the famous factory. To this period belong most of t>e ‘“figurines’’ representing char- acters from family and ey- ery-day life, especially chil- dren, which, while lacking the brilliancy of the figures of the rococo period, being for the most part uncolored, biscuit figures, have a style that is entirely their own and leave the works at the close of the eighteenth century al- most where they stood when Boettger took them in hand at its commencement. With the introduction of this colorless ware the progress the ceramic art had displayed during the preceding period appears to have been arrested. Without color the interest in ceramic productions declined, and the cold uncolored re- productions of classical figures failed to arouse the enthu- siasm the richly colored ware of Meissen’s most famous period had created. It was fortunate that at this period the factory could find profitable employment in the repro- duction of the most famous productions of its rococo per- iod, for which there appears to be a never-failing demand. Of course, what was created were copies, and copies are always lacking in the price and freshness of the original, but the public accepted them. January, 1grt Banjo clock Decorations and Furnishings for An original four-poster bed AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 Seer Ee = & & £ | = | ie “ 5 iz E An old time-piece the Home By Alice M. Kellogg XI.—Old-time Bed say OLLECTING antique furniture is a phase \X% of home making that touches the theore- tical more than the practical needs of life. One may be a discriminating critic of form and line, a competent judge of ma- terial, an expert on dates and periods of manufacture, but without the ability to create a harmonious setting for articles, priceless for their antiquity. In the historic mansions scattered throughout our country and maintained for patriotic societies as object lessons of Colonial life, we find in more or less perfection of detail the accurate surroundings for an- tique furniture of that period. The picture charm is convincing, and makes especial ap- peal to those who have been accustom- ed to the uninterest- ing furnishings of the nineteenth cen- time lo realize a similar ideal the hunt for old furniture is begun, with its rich yield of many-sided interests. Amateur collec- tions of old furniture naturally tend _ to- wards the _ pieces originated for bed- rooms, bedsteads, chests of drawers, A stately room Room Furnishings mirrors, washstands, chairs and tables. With any or all of these in possession, complementary fittings are requisite and desirable to maintain their standard of interest. In the accompaning illustrations various conditions have been met more or less successfully. The Colonial feeling is apparent in all, although it is only completely attained in two of the examples. A careful analysis of the problem brings to its solu- tion the simple question of suiting the old-time fittings to modern requirements. For the home is not a museum of historic antiquities to be exhibited for educational benefit, nor a shop for the profitable disbursement of rare articles, but a place for com- fortable living, en- riched whenever pos- sible by whatever will contribute to its beauty and _ interest. The _ four-poster bed, with an upper valance of light- weight texture, placed in a room of good size with plenty of windows, is not at all unsanitary, even in our up-to-date con- ceptions of the word. Yet even this slight drapery miay bie modified, while taining its picturesque feature, by leaving off the canopy at the top. As the choice of material and manner iG- 14 AMERICAN HOMES: AND GARDENS of its hanging varied under different conditions in the old times, it is only a matter of artistic fitness to make this feat- ure contributory to the general quaintness of the room. For the double-sized bedstead, with the top of the mat- tress often thirty inches from the level of the floor, a lower valance is almost essential to give foundation to the struc- ture. On a single bed with the short or medium-height posts and the canopy omitted, a spread that falls to within eight inches of the floor may be substituted. The shield drapery at the back and sides of the head-board should cor- respond with the texture of the upper valance, but the spread and lower valance, for obvious reasons, may match each other, and while they may be different from the upper Wi MPT +e A four-poster bed trimming they should still be related to each other in color effect. The treatment for four-poster beds may be classified in a general way as the (1) white and (2) colored. In some rooms the first scheme is the only possible way to balance discordant notes in floor and wall coverings, or bring in the needed element of light. In other places, a chintz effect on the bed may be a happy relief from plain walls and floors. So much attention has been manifested in this important item of bedroom furnishing, that reproductions of the old trimmings in white and colored effects as well as the ma- terials themselves are now on the market. In a room where a gray-and-white striped wall paper with a narrow border under the cornice in tones of mul- berry and sage green, bed hangings were made of gray cot- January, 1911 ton crepe, with the spread showing the colors of the wall paper border on a ground-work of gray. In another room an opposite treatment was wrought by making the valances for the bed of a cretonne that matched the wall paper and using a white dimity spread. A chest of drawers formerly took the place of our modern bureau, or dresser. A small mirror fastened to a box with drawers was placed on the top of the chest of drawers, or, a looking-glass of more ample size was hung against the wall. Sometimes the lower half of a high-boy (the tall variety made in two parts) was utilized as a dressing-table. In clothing the tops of these pieces a hemstitched strip of fine linen may be given the preference over fancy ma- without a footboard terials trimmed with lace edges and insertions. ‘The pin- cushions with covers done in cross-stitch, and a brush tray and powder box of English ware decorated with tiny sprays of flowers, are attractive fittings. Even with a bathroom adjoining a bedroom, it is con- sidered quite essential to fit up a washstand with toilet requisites, and the selection of pitcher, wash basin and slop jar may confirm the old-fashioned appearance of the furni- ture if the pattern is selected with care. The chintz designs (costing about sixteen dollars) are particularly well-suited to plain wall coverings, but a set in ivory colors, with or without gold band (at seven dollars and a half) is better for a room with walls showing a decided pattern. In papering a bedroom fitted with old-fashioned furni- ture the choice will be affected by the conditions of exposure, January, rort AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5 With the woodwork correctly finished in white paint, a bedroom furnished with an- tiques finds the curtain question definitely fixed in the same color—cream, ivory or pure white. The material may be muslin, organ- die, dimity, scrim, madras, grenadine, net or lace, the more simple the effect the more in keeping with the general scheme of the room. For a bedroom that is used in the cold weather, a long over-curtain that can be easily swung across the window is a cosy note of comfort. This may be made of linen, chintz, cretonne or taffeta, and lined with sateen; or the material may be of heavier weight and put up without a lining. Some of the Scotch fabrics that are guaranteed to be incapable of fading are especially desirable for the latter use. There are so many kinds of rugs to choose from at this time, that those suitable Ample spaces suit the old furniture for the old-fashioned bedroom need not be dificult to determine upon. Color, texture, amount of light, the personal preference for color and the design and size are all of moment, and if the supply in stock outlay to be made. In a guest room, a figured paper is does not meet the requirements, a special order can often often chosen for its decorative effect, where a room in con- secure it. The woolen rugs made in Scotland in vege- stant occupation is treated to a plain paper, one that is printed in two tones of one color, or a self-toned pattern. Wall papers need not be actual repro- ductions of the old ones to be distinctive accompaniments to antique furniture, nor, are they necessarily of high price or fine quality. Some charming chintz effects of domestic manufacture may be bought for twenty-five and thirty cents a roll, and the narrow stripes in two tones cost forty cents a single roll. The floral borders that are so freely em- ployed now in wall decorations should be used with restraint in connection with old furniture, although in many instances they are exactly the right note. The border with edges cut out is a modernized adaptation of the old border with straight edges which took the place of a picture molding as a finish to the top line of the walls. In rooms with an uneven ceiling the narrow border may be used in the place of a picture molding; ST Rea Te Some excellent furnishings table dyes, at the moderate cost of three dol- lars a square yard, can be had in a variety of colors in plain or figured effects. These are the ideal floor coverings where Oriental rugs of fine quality are out of the question. Rugs made of cotton strips woven on a hand loom may be of real charm when the colors are skillfully assembled. This usually means the special dyeing of the material, which increases the cost considerably. . A lounge, an armchair and a rocker are modern concessions for the old-fashioned bedroom, but these need not be out-of-keep- ing with the older furniture if built on simple lines. For their coverings one may find in the printed linens, linen taffetas, cretonnes, or two-toned jute materials the colors that will unite harmoniously with the wall hang- ings and the floor coverings. When pictures are to be purchased for this room, engrav- ings and etchings from Dendy Sadler's eighteenth century scenes, and the mezzo- Authentic in every detail tints of Charles Bird may be remembered, 16 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS: A’ lamp of bronze and. of plaster A lamp and an electrolier January, IQII A statue The Home of An American Sculptor in California By Burr Bartram PON reaching the Pacific Ocean by a com- paratively new road from Los Angeles to Santa Monica, one comes upon the studio of Felix Peano, an American sculptor. It is a striking structure, built on a beautiful ridge known as the Palisades, and is one of the most unique of California’s beauti- It is finely situated; not so near the edge of the = — ae’ eo A NU 2 ye Si, ass TAY ful homes. bluff as to expose the outbuildings in the green valley on the one side, nor so close to its brink as to catch a view of the The building is kept close to the earth, and seems to be exactly adapted to the equable climatic conditions of southern California. The railroad which extends along the shore. house is an expression of harmony, the result of the design- ers’ conception and execution of an ideal home. The building is one story in height with the exception of a second story over the central section of the building; a construction which gives height to the dome of the reception hall. The roof is extended over the main part of the build- ing, and is devoted to the uses of a garden. The entrance to the house is reached from a sloping porch built at the north front of the building. A medallion is placed in the center of the terrace wall which encloses the ascending walk and forms the outer balustrade immediately in front of the entrance door. At one end of the porch is a bronze foot scraper, in the form of a maddened cat with arched back, A house of striking design built of concrete January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS fest BRL ge (ye ay Steps lead to the terrace its head and tail erect in air of defiance, while in the frieze On the west side of the building there is another terrace below the porch is an eager hound in the act of attacking which leads from an automobile garage direct into a court, the feline yet held at bay by the latter’s menancing attitude. the feature of which is a fountain built at the side of the The terrace, showing some of the sculptor’s work in settles and tables AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ROO ii iit ] X00 The living-room house, representing a cupid filling a vase for a woman reclin- connecting with the first, on the east side of the building. ing at her ease beside a pool of sparkling water. To the ‘The last is walled in to the height of four feet, and has a rear of the terrace is a large garden, and a pergola, both floor of mosaic laid in cement. Artistic settles and tables ‘ i gfe (1) CDE The dining-room January, 1911 built of the same enduring ma- terial are placed along this ter- race as shown in one of the ac- companying photographs. A frieze of terra cotta sculpture decorates the interior of the wall, dealing mostly with child- hood and nursery scenes, one of which is in the form of a medal- lion showing an infant and a kid butting heads in play. The house is built of terra cotta, cement and concrete, and is practically fireproof. The elab- orate portal at the front door- way is supported on two bronze hgures standing on metal col- umns. Before the front door there is a small bronze figure of an Italian artist with his back toward the visitor stand- ing apparently before an easel on which is painted “Salva,” the Latin word for Welcome. The reception hall has a high panel wainscoting which is _ hand carved in a plain but artistic manner. From the ceiling in the center of the hall, is suspended a handsome, hand- made bronze chandelier. At the top of the wainscoting at each corner of the hall, there is a decorative structure of Abalone shells, ground to transparency and set before a group of electric light, which shed a soft and pleasant glow over the entire room. Shells of the same kind are also set in the double walls, with light be- hind, producing an artistic effect. To the right of the hall is built the living- room some forty feet in length, a view of which ac- companies this ar- ticle. On the north wall of the room is an elaborate clock representing some of the aspects of ideal home life, with the hour and minute hands con- sisting of little cu- pids which revolve about the ornate dial, each hour be- ing marked by two doves instead of the usual cuckoo. The woodwork of the room is colored and finished in a sub- dued dark brown tone, produced by the staining and the scorching of the material. To the left of the hall is a music room of almost equal dimension, which has the same decorative effect, except that there are no high wainscot- ings. The walls of this room have semi-precious stones, such as the opal, and the matrix, matrix-turquoise, and the A sea-nymph discovering pearls in a shell Lamps of artistic design, and a card tray AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 19 lapis lazuli, set in mountings of silver and of bronze. ‘These form a diamond pattern effect, with the light flashing on the polished gems. Similar effects are obtained in the living-room and the hall by using the mother of pearl and abalone shells in a like manner. A hand-carved table occupies the center of the room, and on sev- eral stands and brackets there are to be found numerous bronzes, several of which are illustrated by the half-tone en- gravings. Much attention has been given to the detail and the designing of the furniture throughout the house, and even the piano in the music room is made to conform to the sur- roundings, and is mounted with stones similar to those placed in the walls. The hall forms a direct ac. cess to the owner’s bedroom, where the general scheme of the house is repeated. This bedroom connects with a private bathroom in the rear part of the house by a separate passage. A staircase rises from one corner of the living-hall, to the gallery, which extends about the dome, where accommodations for another bed- room are provided. From this gallery, doors open onto the roof-garden, which is provided with growing plants and vines, which form: say 9s Geren for the enjoyment of out-door life. These rooms cre- ate a circle about a small interior court or patio, which is uncovered except by the arbor on which there are growing vines. This court has settles and an ornate table of fine cement and bronze work. On its south wall there: “is a fountain which de- picts the allegorical birth of Venus, and shows a_ beautiful woman rising from the sea on a huge shell, from which the water still drips. At one end of the shell is a diminutive cupid handling an oar in the navi- gation of the strange craft. This beautiful vision can be seen from the interior by means of the large French win- dows which open into the court. The views and the details show the adaptability of this delightful home to its “surroundings and the fulfillment of the ideals evoked by the artist for his studio. 20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1911 go | WA UU The patio ‘EAUTY in any form is one of the essentials ' of the expression of a strong and sincere idea, therefore, anything that is worth copying must be in the original a work to which a serious thought has been directly given, and in the simplest manner; con- sequently, in the selection of the old Spanish type of dwelling as a prototype for the handsome house built for Joseph F. Williams, Esq., at El Pasa, Texas, and illustrated herewith, the architects, Messrs. Trost and Trost decided, after considering the site and setting of the proposed house, that this style of building was more appropriate than any other under the existing conditions. The building is an oblong one in form, has square lines and is built of cement stucco, tinted a soft cream color. The entrance is provided with a porch constructed of a series of circular headed arches, with the exception of the one directly in front Olmitne veut 1a nc e which has massive columns — supporting a pediment. The roof is covered with red Spanish clay tile, which adds a touch Ol ercionl or sto! “the sombre tone of the cement walls. Porches provided with similar arches are built at each side of ‘the building, giving it a greater breadth than would have been accom- plished by any other design. Themainwall Skin, ce of the second story front is pierced by a group of circular headed windows in the center, while a pro- The entrance porch ua A House of Spanish Character By Henry Hawley SESE NEES jected wall surface at each end of the building has an orna- mental panel, in the center of which there is a leaded glass window. The gargoyles shown in the wall surface of the battle- mented roof give the appearance of an armored cruiser, and is the only feature in the design that is grotesque. If these were eliminated, the general effect of the exterior would be very much enhanced. The entrance is into a square reception hall, containing an ornamental stair case. ‘This hall and the entire house is trimmed with Texas pine stained and finished in imita- tion of Missouri oak. The living-room occupies the remainder of the front of the house, and it contains a large open fireplace built of St. Louis buff mottled brick. Book cases are built along the sides of the room. Large French windows open into the patio built at the rear of the house, which is the im- portant feature of the place. It is 23x33 feet in dimension, and it has an en- closure of columns between which there is a cement svallk extending around the court. The ceil- ing of the living- room is beamed, as is also the hall. Directly back of the hall and opening on the patio is the dining-room, fitted up with a _ paneled wall and ceiling. The service end of the house is com- plete in all of its appointments. The second floor contains five bed- rooms and_ two bathrooms. The latter have floors of tile and_ porcelain fixtures, and exposed January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 21 A house with Spanish feeling plumbing. A screened sleeping porch is built at one side when combined with fine artistic treatment, as in this in- of the house overlooking the patio. stance, sums up about all the requirements that can be The house is provided with a basement under the entire demanded of a dwelling place. building, and is furnished with a heating apparatus, fuel- Apart from the plan and the arrangement, the qualities rooms, laundry and storeroom. of this house which particularly call for consideration and Here, then, is a very simple dwelling, unpretentious in which most decidedly assert themselves, are its simplicity its structure and development, yet a very charming house and its charm. The charm of the house is due to circum- to live in, and amply equipped with every essential con- stances. The surroundings are, of course, interesting, but venience. it took the skill of a trained architect to create a design The design is an extremely happy one for the situation, that would be harmonious and in keeping, not only with the house and the site having that direct relationship to the site upon which the house is built, but also with the each other which characterizes every good house and which, requirements of the family who are to live in it. f A IN LUOF © Loor oO aannnninT CHAMOER Loor UREACE Poe cr. TECQACE L ut = First floor plan Second floor plan | ———_——_ fi — J o— OL —8 | I 22 ‘AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HANDICRAF TSMAN January, 1911 ) a pottery producing method, casting from plaster molds is often decried by the ultra- artistic as lacking in individuality when compared with the work of the thrower. This is only relatively true, because, ex- cept in rare instances when the artist is embodied in the thrower, the work of the latter does not reach us as it leaves his hands. In America the thrower is not infrequently, though erroneously, called a turner. ‘The thrower takes a lump of clay which he places on the center of a revolving disc and then by the skillful manipulation of his fingers or a few rude tools the clay, obedient to the pressure and direction he gives to it, assumes the desired form. It is probably the most beau- tiful process in any of the industrial arts. But the piece as it leaves his hands is not suitable for an article of com- merce, it shows the marks of tool and fingers. So when it is suficiently dry it passes into the hands of another workman, the turner, who places it on a horizontal lathe and with a sharp tool turns it smooth and even, and the result as it reaches you is no longer the individual expression of the thrower, but a piece of “thrown and turned” ware. Many pieces from their shape cannot be thrown on the wheel and molds are then re- sorted to. [hese molds were originally made of metal, later of pottery and finally of plaster of Paris. If you look at the il- lustration of the Rosenburg vase, in the head-piece of the page, you will see what beautiful results can be obtained by casting. The idea of the designer was that the handles should form a component part of the whole, and by no other process could this have been so well effected. To cast pieces of similar shape to this in a body lacking plasticity is no mean achievement. Conducted by A. Russell Bond Home-Made Pottery—II. By W. P. Jervis Making a two-piece mold for a bowl themselves were carved by hand. Do not fail to remember that on account of the shrinkage a mold twelve inches high, if the shrinkage is one-eighth, will yield a piece ten and a half inches when fired. The simplest is the one piece mold, applicable only to a few shapes wider at the top than at the bottom, and hay- ing no projections on the sides to interfere with the mold’s “drawing.” On a well greased plaster bat, a piece of glass or wood, place your model, top downward. Surround this with a piece of thin zinc or iron, such as is used to make stove pipes, or a strip of oil cloth serves equally well, tie it well together with a stout cord, and plaster round the bot- tom and joints with clay so as to prevent leakage of the plaster. The frame should be higher than the model and allow about the same space, according to the size of your model, for the side of your mold. Mux the plaster, having first well greased every part, and delay pouring as long as possible, as it should be thick enough so that it will just pour smoothly and fill until it is flush with the top of the frame and it will give you a mold like that shown in Fig. 3. A two- piece mold is not much more complicated. Some pieces are best made in diagonal, some in horizontal parts. A bowl for flowers similar to the cut of model (A) is best made in hori- zontal halves. Having found the point of extreme diameter, care- fully mark it with a good strong line all around and then place it on a bat top downwards. Build up with clay from the bat to the line making an absolutely even plane all around the model (B). So that the two parts shall not move, a lock is necessary, and this can be made by rolling a morsel of clay ‘ into a sphere, cutting it in half and placing the The first requisite to make a mold for a cast halves, moistened with a little water, on the built- piece is a model. ‘This may be of any material up clay. Four or five of these buttons should be so strong enough to re- placed, or on a plas- sist the pressure of ter bat cut over sev- the plaster. If the eral sizes of these shape is to be cre- hemispheres, and this ated, the model can will serve as a mold. be carved by hand Fill the depressions from a_ block of with clay and smooth plaster, or made down to the surface from templates on of the plaster. By a revolving rod. pressing a damp Formerly the molds Fig. 1—Model on a plaster bat. Fig. 2—Model for three-piece mold. Fig. 3—A one-piece-mold. knife on them they January, 1911 are easily removed. Proceed as di- rected for the one piece mold and this will give you the first half of the mold. Reverse the model. Remove the clay, fix your frame (not forget- ting to grease the plaster), pour plaster to the top of the spare and this will give you the other half of the mold. The only difference between a two- and a three-piece mold is that the bottom of the latter is made sep- arately. So below the bottom of the model an extra piece must be provided from which to form the toot. This can be made of almost any material, clay answering very well, but it must be removable. In form it is a truncated cone, the top the exact size of the bottom of the mold, the bottom a little wider. In the outline sketch, Fig. 2, the part 1 is called the “spare,” which enables the thickness of the clay which has formed on the walls of the mold to be determined. Notice that the spare is a little narrower than the top of the model. Although a little troublesome to make, thin plaster slabs cut to the outline of the model, to replace the building up with clay, give a perfectly smooth surface, a great desideratum in molds, as the cleaning after use is reduced to a minimum. These must be well backed with clay so as to withstand the pressure of the plaster. Surround with a fence and make the two halves as before explained. Having obtained these, reverse the whole, take out the false bottom, cut notches on the bottom of the two halves and having fixed the fence so as to project from one to two inches, according to the size of the piece, it is then ready for making the mold for the bottom. Before using, these molds must become thoroughly dry. This being attained, take a large brush or sponge and paint over with. slip the whole surface of the inside of the mold. If the halves are per- pendicular tie tightly with strong cord. The notches are not sufficient to hold them. Kour ‘slap should be fairly thick and _ with- out lumps. It is best to strain it | into a large jug § or can through a colander. I find an ordinary wa- tering pot a con- venient utensil. Having your mold _ properly fastened and painted inside, the slip in good condition, pour the slip steadily Pouring the slip into the mold Preparing to build up the two halves of the mold about the model. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 23 into the mold until it is quite full. The plaster will absorb some of the water, indicated by the fall of the slip in the mold. Fill this up as many times as is necessary until sufficient thickness of clay has formed on the sides of the mold. This is ascertained by taking a tool] or piece of soft wood and scraping away a morsel of the clay at the top of the spare. Having arrived at this take the mold in your hands, being careful to handle it so that the bot- tom mold does not move, and empty out the slip that remains. Put it aside to dry and in a few hours the “cast”? piece can be removed from the mold. Turn it upside down and take off the bottom mold, lay it on its side and remove the two halves, being careful to lift straight, or the edge of the mold may scar the piece. Place the clay piece on a plaster bat and allow it to dry. When dry enough to handle, with a sharp knife cut off the spare and trim evenly, and also trim down the seams, smoothing to a finish with a silk sponge. Keep this free from clay by constantly rinsing it. Do not use the sponge more than you can help, relying more on the knife. If you cut out a section of one of these cast pieces you will see an absolutely uniform thickness, whilst the spare section is uneven because at times the absorption by the plaster was checked because the mold could not be kept full the whole of the time. So necessarily the one-piece mold being made without a spare will be a little thinner at the edge. Cast pieces shrink more than those made by hand, but will stand a harder fire. If the piece is to be fired without decoration it must be bone dry before putting it in the kiln. If intended for deco- ration it can be kept in good condition for quite a time, by Wrapping a damp cloth round it and keeping in a damp place. This clay decorating is extremely fascin- ating and will be dealt with later. If in removing the piece from the mold it does oe Gem ain re freely, the latter is probably too hard, that is, it contains too muse hee eplaster- First mold im- pressions are us- ually failures, be- cause the mold has a certain amount of grease on it and this pre- vents absorption by the plaster. But the first cast- ing removes this grease. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A rustic fence and gateway January, 1911 A Picturesque Ranch Bungalow amid Attractive Environs close to Nature, as he has expressed it, where he could own some_ chickens and a cow, and could raise his own garden truck. A few of such dreams have materialized, but the majority of the dreamers, no doubt, still call a flat or an apart- ment house home. Among the mi- nority of the dreamers is Dr. Geko benney, the owner of the picturesque ranch bungalow _ illus- trated by the ac- companying pho- tographs. The home is located near Los Angeles, Califor- Ma within a short distance of EARLY every city dweller, sometime, has By Scott Waverly expressed the wish that he could get away from the noise and bustle of the city to some quiet retreat in the country. He has indulged in day dreams from which he has builded a cozy country home amid acting. an electric car line, and near enough to the city for the owner to motor to his ofhce in about thirty-five minutes. It occupies three acres of ground meet all the requirements of the ordinary dream of the city dweller, and sufhciently improved to satisfy the most ex- The bungalow is of picturesque architecture, de- a plot large enough to a profusion of trees and flowers—_ signed with particular care to harmonize with its setting, The living-room and the profusion of trees and flowers in which it is em- bowered has been Ncleceed anc “alte ‘ranged so as to create a general effect that is truly and ideally rural. The house is but one story in height and con- tains six rooms — living-room, breakfast-r o o m, kitchen and three bedrooms, __ be- sides the bath- ro Om.) Spaeras shaped like a letter — a= minus the top, which creates a large court’ o'r patio in the rear, open at the broad end... A® bread veranda borders the court on the three enclosed AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, T9II ~ \ SG |) Floor Plan California redwood split shooks are used for the siding of the bungalow 26 » AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The entrance porch sides, and into it lead French doors from the living-room, breakfast-room, kitchen and one of the bedrooms. On the front of the house are two small corner porches, and back of one of these is the usual screened porch. The woodwork of the bungalow consists of Oregon pine for the roof and framing, California redwood split shooks for the siding, and eucalyptus logs for the porch and the veranda pillars. The roof is comparatively flat, the pitch being but thirty degrees, and is constructed of broad ship- lapping boards running length-wise, with broadly project- ing eaves. The shooks which compose the siding are about twenty inches long, and laid so as to leave sixteen inches of their length exposed to the weather. They are spaced rather irregularly, and no particular care has been taken to get them to line at the lower edge. The eucalyptus logs used for the porch and the veranda pillars are of varying sizes, and are still in posses- sion of their smooth, leather- like bark. The rules for building a bungalow, partic- ularly for one designed for a ranch or a mountain home, require that the structure be of low, rambling appearance, and that the timbers be uni- formly rough. The builder of the one here described has conscientiously complied with such requirements, and as a result the bungalow is an excellent example of this style of architecture. The windows are mainly of the casement style, ar- ranged in groups of twos and threes. On the front of the house there is a massive brick chimney of excellent lines, with a double window on each side. French doors are used throughout. The floor plan arrange- ment places the large living- January, 1911 room, which on special occa- sions is also used as a dining- room, in the center, while one of the wings is devoted to the kitchen, breakfast- room and pantry, and the other to the bedrooms and the bathroom. The living- room and the breakfast-room have hardwood floors, and the walls of each are pan- eled entirely to the ceiling, with a plate rail at a height of four feet and eight inches. The ceiling of the living- room follows the line of the rafters and consists of broad boards with the _ cracks batted. The room contains a large fireplace with a brick mantel, into the cor- ners of which are worked upright eucalyptus logs. All of the rooms are well lighted from the numerous windows and the French doors. The color scheme of the bungalow, both inside and out, is unusually attractive. The redwood shooks are simply oiled, which leaves them in possession of their natural color and the roof and the trim are stained a light olive green, while the eucalyptus pillars have been left without either oil or stain. The woodwork of the living-room and the break- fast-room, which is of Oregon pine, is stained with a spe- cially prepared chemical solution which has given the boards a copper-greenish cast. The woodwork of the kitchen and the bathroom, as well as of the bedrooms, is coated with white enamel. The walls of the bedrooms are plastered and tinted in delicate colors. The garden work around the bungalow is simple in char- acter, but well suited to such a home. Many sorts of fruit trees abound, and enough fruit is raised to supply the family. A feature of the garden work is the fences con- structed entirely of eucalyptus timbers. A broad veranda borders the court January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 27 A living-room showing appropriate hangings for the windows New Cretonnes and Taffetas By Mabel Tuke Priestman DISTINCT stride in advance of previous years can be noticed this season in the wealth of unusual and beautiful cotton fabrics. There is a gradual falling away from the French ribbon and rose cretonne ettects that have so long been popular and a more compact and all-over effect is shown in nearly all the materials. Among the new fabrics is a unique pattern in tan colored linen; it is partly covered with a strong design of brown nasturtium leaves and copper flowers; four broad stripes almost entirely cover the yard wide material. It is being much used for covering cushions for brown wicker chairs, and for loose covers on furni- ture; but, perhaps, it is most attractive when employed as hangings in a bungalow or summer cottage. It is often very difficult to find a fabric strong enough in feeling for a man’s bedroom, but this brown and copper nasturtium fills a long felt want in this direction. It is sold for a dollar a yard. A varied selection of imported cretonnes can be purchased from forty-five to seventy-five cents a yard. These are particularly attractive when used with the new jasper stripes or plain papers; a bower of color is introduced by the use of these decorative cretonnes. Most of them have birds of one kind or another; one of our illustrations, Fig. 1, shows a cretonne partly covered with birds and butter- flies, while a tree yielding roses, peonies and fruit on the same branches introduces a brave array of color and shows to what lengths the conventionalizing of flower motifs can be carried. In a large room with a four-post bed, white paint, and mahogany furniture, it is charming when used for hangings, couch cover and bed drapery. Another of these cretonnes, Fig. 3, shows peacocks wait- ing by a fountain, other lordly ones strut among the foilage; a trellis gate-way balances the fountain, while butter-cups, iris, and every other imaginable flower, are dotted about at intervals. Such a cretonne would have to be used in a large Fig. |—A cretonne with birds and butterflies Fig. 2—A foliage design in chintz Fig. 3—Peacocks drinking from a fountain 28 AMERICAN HOMES room and in the same way as the conven- tionalized pattern. Pastoral effects are also seen in the new cretonnes and are much used for bed-rooms and _ nurs- enies, AN pietiy mures= ery cketonne is cov- ered with designs of children see-sawing and leading sheep, wile a fox carrying off a lamb all mixed up with trees, castles and wind-mills are marvelously grouped at arregular inter vals. With ivory woodwork and furni- ture, and blue hand- woven rugs, this cre- tonne in Delft blue would help to make a dainty bed-room for a girl. It is yard wide and costs seventy cents. Another of the all-over designs, costing forty-five cents a yard, shows a shepherdess on a medallion, while beaux reveal themselves from behind the flower motifs, which almost entirely cover the back ground. A yellow English print, Fig. 5, costing fifty cents a yard, is covered with an inch stripe of bright blue; trees and tubs are the motif introduced in the intervening stripe; the ground work of cream forms an alternating stripe with a trefoil pattern. All of these cretonnes could, of course, only be used with a simple wall treatment of plain paper or jasper stripes. Some of them can be used in a dining-room, in fact, it is one of the new features in decoration that cre- tonnes and taffetas, of original and strong design, should be used as dining-room hangings. We have long been fa- miliar with their charm for country living-rooms. Very pretty borders in wall paper are supplied to form a square panel in each side wall and there are several beauti- ful cretonnes that match these borders, making very dainty and attractive schemes for bed-rooms. One of these cre- tonnes has a cream ground containing three stripes about six inches wide; bouquets of flowers and birds are dotted about; dividing these broad stripes is a three inch stripe decorated with arose and ribbon design. It is very Frenchy in its effect, but quite different from anything that has already been on the market. This cretonne costs seventy-five cents a yard. Fig. 4—-A fruit tapestry suitable for a dining-room ie =sne Peery 7] fe NY oY ly < £4 Le > \ (7% LS . Gy) January, 1911 AND GARDENS Another cretonne designed to go with the new wall papers has a large pattern of roses and ribbons and can be chosen with yellow, blue, pink or green ribbon to Suit the ictoutong sch em e Foieeetnre room; the roses in each case are pink. Very unusual de- signs are shown in the linen taffetas. One with a group of jonquils growing at the side Somme pond; waam Fig. 5—-A yellow English print is cov- touches of color ered with a blue ribbon give relief tothe white jonquils and green verdure. It is fifty inches wide and costs two dollars and sixty-five cents a yard. It is one of the prettiest of the dark materials and is especially well suited for cushions for wicker chairs or for hangings in dining- and_ living- rooms. There is a freshness and charm about this taffeta that makes it one of the most popular of the season. Yellow larburnums on a cream ground is another of the new patterns that is having much favor. There is a bright- ness about the arrangement of the foliage that makes it a particularly happy choice for a bedroom. With plain yel- low walls, mahogany furniture, and white paint, it adds the piquant touch so necessary to well furnished rooms. A year or two ago, very little difference was noticed from season to season in these kinds of materials, but it is quite remarkable the diversity of pattern and the novelty of ideas that are shown in the new cottons. Among the new fabrics are the fruit tapestries intended for dining-room curtains as shown in Fig. 4. These are de- signed to go with the new tapestry wall papers, which are quite different from anything we have seen in other years. The side wall shows a mottled appearance in two tones of green, gray, or blue, and terminates with a Dutch frieze of fruit and flowers repeating the motif in the curtains. With such a varied choice of cretonnes and taffetas at our command, there is no reason why the most original and unusual patterns should not be selected, choosing, however, those which will be beautiful in themselves and will be of lasting enjoyment as long as they are in use. sie, @, oe EN \t a aU Zo nan! seed Sip AND GARDENS 29 January, I9II AMERICAN HOMES “ RG Fig. 1—The materials used in this house are combined in an artistic manner ~ Houses on the Pacific Coast By Paul Thurston Kg) FAE houses to be found along the Pacific tically every known type of material is used in their unique and artistic forms of house build- ing in this country. Many of these houses erection. The construction of each of these houses is simple and direct, and while they are designed to meet the require- are no more than bungalows, but no mat- ments of the families that are to occupy them, the combina- ter whether they are two-story houses or tion of materials of which they are built is unusual, and one-story bungalows, they possess so much the manner in which these last are put together is most artistic merit that the enthusiasm of the Westerner is no daring and startling, but when the result is analyzed, it more than that of the Eastern home-seeker. will be found that the whole is most striking and beau- The climatic conditions of the Pacific Coast enable the tiful. . architects, who provide shelters for the inhabitants, to give In-most cases there is a general tendency to treat the free rein to their own individual tastes, without instruc- outside of the houses with a dark stain, which is no doubt tions from the owners as to the design or the plan. due to the perpetual brilliancy of the sunlight, and this There are great possibilities, and an unlimited scope circumstance may be attributed to the seemingly universal permitted in the building of these houses, and prac- disposition to provide broad, well shaded porches, the | Fon = e cass. BILLARD EM Psatnemnesh FS err 1-0" R 14 = a Aasaull a NS K = 0 Tub )) Shaalp HALL cZ =H) it) Br | aN) = a BLP EMNe7 VIF c PT TTT He Bel OPEN SALLIEY 7 al Ed zi | 2 4 5S eins ond Es =) = BrP EM TSS , wea IV oroemres i rary i] 2 pore wi Ayer = = of] ——_ -‘ fe) - b 103 . A Fig. 2—First floor plan Fig. 3—Second floor plan 30 nolo fs ot tate porches, in most in- stances, being exten- sions of the roof of the main building. One of the most important houses in Pasadena is the one built for Mr. Theo- dore Irwin, from the plans of Greene and Greene, architects, of the same place, and shown in Figures 1, 2-andegs In design the house has a feel- ing of the Japanese, which is prevalent throughout the exte- rior. The low slop- ing roofs, the balus- trades to the porches, the paneling to the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 4—An adaptation of the Swiss chalet January, 1911 open fireplaces built in harmony with the treatment of the re- spective rooms. The dining-room also has a. fireplace: Ss dente service end, includ- ing the pantries, kitchen and servant bedrooms, is com- plete in all of its appointments. One of the bed- rooms on the second floor is finished in a soft gray blue, with enameled woodwork, and a Grueby tiled mantel of special de- sign, and another has a high beamed ceiling with clere- story windows of stained glass, and is finished in Jade green to harmonize bay-windows, and the topping out of the massive chimneys with the Circassian walnut furniture. The remainder of are all characteristic of this style. The masses of brick and stone, worked in to- the bedrooms are finished with white cedar, stained and gether produce treated with an a -most artis- oil finish. tic effect. A Jap- anese lantern placed on the buttress of the entrance steps, lights the way to the terrace built at the front of the house, from which the front door is reached. The remainder of the building is covered with split redwood shingles, azz SLEECING Porecré SEXY DEDRoOorL /3x/3 BeoRro0/. OX 1h The © billiard- room has an open _ timbered ceiling and pan- eled walls. The part of the room facing the court is filled in with glass. Another house by Greene and Greene, archi- tects, is the one illustrated in Fig- ures 4, 5 and 6, finished in their — and built for Mr. natural col oT, Fig. 5—First floor plan Fig. 6—Second floor plan F. W. Hawks, while the trim- at Pasadena. mings are painted a soft brown tone. A study of the plans will give a comprehensive idea as to the arrangement of the various rooms. There is a central court provided with a fountain in the cen- ter, with seats at each end, and it is or- namented by growing plants in profusion. The first story 1s trimmed with white cedar stained and treated with an oil polish, producing a natural effect, which is toned to match the color of the furni- ture and the walls. The main hall has a It is a picturesque looking house and has been adapted from the Swiss chalet, a style that is frequently seen on the coast, and is one that seems to suit its environments. The entrance steps lead to a broad piazza which extends across the front of the house. There is a central- hall with a_ large living-room at one side, which extends the entire depth of the building, and is provided with an open fireplace. The dining-room is built at the opposite side paneled wainscoting of the house and and a beamed ceil- connects with the ing. Both the recep- butler’s pantry, tion hall and the living-room have Fig. 7—The Swiss chalet is best adapted to the side of a hill eg oo which forms an ac- cess to the kitchen; January, 1911 the last being fitted up complete. on this floor. By The servants-porch is a feature of the house, as well as the servants-room, built this arrangement the service part of the house is kept intact from the main part of the building. The second floor contains four bed- rooms and a bath- room fitted with YitcHen 10/2 DINING Boort IZ X1P i ( AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 built of pebble-dash gray plaster. The exterior of the house has been given a coat of oil, which has darkened the wood somewhat, giving it porcelain _ fixtures and open plumbing. FBI the happy appear- | ance of being weathered. Owing to the position of the house on the hillside, a _ large basement was pos- sible. Opening from this basement into the lower gar- den, and out Droroors M4 #12, A feature of this floor is the sleeping- porches which are SSS LD) Brleory through the lower Fig 9.—Second floor plan part of the great cement chimney is a door with a cir- Fig. 10O—-A bungalow type of house has many advantages built over the kitchen extension. The house, Figs. 7, 8 and g, built for Lewis N. Merritt, Pasadena, is perhaps, designed more after the Swiss chalet type than is usually the case, for the reason that the site selected for it is on the slope of a hill, which permits of a better adaptation of the style than any other class of dwelling. The over- hanging eaves present a comfortable and restful effect to the general archi- tectural form of the building. It is constructed of the best materials, shows expert workmanship throughout, and the floor plan is admirably ar- ranged. The exterior is constructed of 8-inch finished pine siding. ‘The roof is shingled. The eaves have a 6-foot extension which is lined with a narrow tongue and groove beading, and they are supported by heavy timber brackets. Foundation and chimney are BEDLP00/% 2X14 Yireren : X14 | tlh DINING Hoorn Fig. 11—First floor plan cular top, the architectural effect of which is odd and striking. The floor of the spacious front veranda is cemented. It is roofed over the cen- ter, having been left open at either end, so that the choice of sun-bath or shade may be had. The lower portion of the walls of the entrance-hall are handsomely paneled, and the space above is finished with a frieze of art linen in a dull rich red. The ceiling is supported by eight by ten inch box beams, with the spaces between filled in with red linen. The spacious living-room, to the right of the hall, is finished in polished redwood, and the effect is especially one of elegant taste. The walls are paneled to a height of five feet. The boards used are of beautiful grain, and most of them are eighteen inches wide. Un- derneath, and running the length of 32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS each window in this room, is a carved, polished scroll of redwood. Above the paneling, is a frieze of moss green linen, which color harmonizes admirably with the red of the wood. The ceiling is really the climax of this delightful room. It is entirely of redwood, and so highly polished that it is full of reflections. Eight by eight-inch boards extend from one end of the room to the other, and these are sup- ported by ten by twelve-inch box beams. The mantel is of square green tiles, the whole framed in redwood. ‘The mantel shelf is of a heavy solid slab of the native wood. The hearth is of green tile, finished around the edge with a narrow strip of white oak. The scheme of decoration in the dining-room is some- what original. ‘The plas- tered ceiling is covered with delft blue linen, and below this, set two and. one-half feet apart, are ten by ten-inch box beams of fine grain Ore- gon pine. The walls are wainscoted to the plate rail, above which there is a delft blue linen: Woodwork in this room has been left in its natural golden- tan color, and thoroughly rubbed and polished. The little den, in a quiet space at the end of the entrance hall, has a six-foot paneling of Oregon pine, stained black, and a frieze of tapestry showing shades of tan, red, green and delft blue. The plastered ceiling is tinted a delicate cream. [wo diamond lattice windows and a wide French door open from this room to a bracketed balcony. The bedrooms, especially the two at the front, are large, ex- cellently lighted, and most artistic and dainty in their scheme of decoration. The walls are papered in rose designs, and the woodwork is white enameled. ‘The chief frieze of Fig. 13—The long sweeping roofs give repose to a house Fig. 12—The hall in the house of Fig. 10 January, 1911 charm of one of these bed- rooms, centers in an ingle- nook fireplace. The mantel is of white tiles, while all the frame, as well as the mantel shelf and the built-in seat, is white enameled. The bungalow built for Charles B. Ingram, at South Pasadena, Figs. 10, 11 and 12, and designed by Frank Tyler, architect, of the same place, is perhaps one of the best kinds of houses to build where it is desired to have all the rooms on one floor. This house is an unusually large and roomy one. It contains seven rooms and a bathroom. The underpin- ning and the balustrade to the porch are built of brick, while the remainder of the building is covered with red- wood clapboards; the whole of the building is painted a dull shade of brown, and the roofs are covered with shingles and stained a simi- lar tone. The living-room has an open fireplace with tiled facings and hearth, and a mantel supported on large brackets. Book-cases are built on either side of the fireplace. ‘The ceiling is beamed. The dining-room and the kitchen are on the opposite side of the house, while the sleeping-rooms and the bathroom are built at the side and the rear of the building. Cost, $3,000. The house illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14 1s of the bungalow type and is planned with all its rooms placed on one floor. There are six rooms and a bathroom. The entrance is direct into the living-room at the front of the building. It is a large room furnished with window seats and an open fireplace. The dining-room adjoins it and this room has a combination china closet and buffet built in at one side of the room. ‘The kitchen and the service end of the house are most complete. Cost $2,200. Deoeroore S414 BEOROOLL /3X/3 WITCHEN 42X12, DED ROO/L [2X17 Dining Foort 43% 7 filing Koore 18 X26 Fig. 14—Floor plan AMERICAN January, 1911 HOMES AND GARDENS 33 Garden Notes Conducted by Charles Downing Lay The Gardener's Vacation in California “OME knowledge of the flora of a new land is always a great help to the traveler, because to be forewarned is to be fore- armed, and the traveler sees, usually, only what he is prepared for. Hence it is that uncultivated travelers see so little in a foreign land. The climate of California varies as much as the climates of New York and of Florida, with a greater difference in hu- midity, due to the effect of mountain ranges, so the visitor to California may be prepared to see vegetation of all de- grees of hardiness from the alpine plants in the high mountains to the orange groves in the southern valleys, and he will see, too, vegetation of all degrees of drought resisting capacity, from the same alpine plants to the cacti of the southern desert. It is a climate with local adaptations so great that one may see in the mountains the apple trees, hemp, flax, rye of the north, and passing down the slopes the grapes and prunes of southern France, and in the lower valleys the olive, oranges and lemons, figs and pomegranates and melons of the Meditteranean shores, cotton and tobacco and the acacias and eucalyptus of Australia, all perhaps in the space of a few square miles. In fact the number of different species successfully grown in California is almost as great as that of all the rest of the country. To the traveler who is also a gardener and therefore a collector of plants, it will be fascinating not only because of the remarkable growth of plants we in the east only know as pampered specimens in greenhouses, but also because of the seed farms where our garden flowers are grown by the acre for their seeds. Bulbs, too, are grown in quantities as in Holland. The native flora of California is perhaps more interest? ing than the exotic. The Sequoias and Redwoods we have all heard of and marveled at, but one must live with them for a time to appreciate their grandeur. ‘The temptation to transplant these trees to the east is hard to resist, but they will not grow here because of our extremely hot and humid summers and because of our cold winter fogs. Few of the California trees will grow here, the White Fir (Abies concolor) being the best of the California firs in the east. The red fir (Abies magnifica) is not very hardy here. The Sugar Pine (Pinus Lambertiana), which reaches a height of over 200 feet is hardy as far north as Massachusetts. The Nut Pine (P. edulis), is also hardy to Massachusetts, but the other Nut Pine (P. Parryana) will not grow nor will the Monterey Pine (P. radiata). One of the most interesting of all California species is the calorchortus, the star tulip or Mariposa lily. They vary greatly in their liking for soils and climate. They grow on the summits of the Sierras, the clay lands of the valleys, the volcanic soils of the foot hills and on the desert. They will all endure extreme cold, but alternate freezing and thawing kills them. The drainage of the bed where they are planted must be perfect, both on the surface and under ground. They are white, rose, yellow, blue, orange, purple, lilac and deep red, with many other shades and varied markings. They have globular or bell shaped flowers, either erect or drooping and varying in height from a few inches to two feet. They should be planted in the autumn. The traveler might easily secure an interesting collec- tion of these and other plants which are little known in the east and seldom found in seed stores. The sentimental value of such collections is very great and a garden planted with the gleanings of a winter trip to California might be very beautiful. It would also be well to establish ones credit with a San Francisco seed house so that one could afterwards order more of the plants that prove success- ful here. The shook barrels with twisted bamboo hoops which make such good plant tubs are easy to buy in San Francisco, though the cost of bringing them east is excessive. BIRDS For the sake of our gardens if for no other reason the birds should be cared for and encouraged to feel at home around our houses, and January, February and March are the times to help them most. They should be fed regularly in a quiet spot free from the danger of cats. The best feeding place is a platform three or four feet in diameter on top of a post about six feet high. On this platform should be placed their daily rations of cracked corn, oats, rye, buckwheat and chopped meat and bones. ‘This is for the smaller birds. ‘he 34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Jarger and shyer birds such as quail and blue jays should have a more secluded spot with a platform nearer the ground. In the trees near the house should be hung rib bones, ham bones, and bacon rinds which the chickadees, nuthatches and woodpeckers will feast on. It is not wise, however, to feed the birds too far from the house or to give them more than they will eat for one may then be helping unawares their enemies the rats, mice and squirrels. In Germany they make many patent feeding boxes for birds which discharge a small amount of seed whenever the bird alights on the perch. These, of course, need little at- tention. Now is a good time to make bird boxes to be put up on poles or on the house. They should be six by eight by six inches square and if intended for wrens should have a hole January, 1911 not larger than a silver quarter of a dollar. For other birds they should, of course, be larger. For chickadees, nuthatches, woodpeckers, blue birds, etc., nothing is better than a knot hole in a rotten tree. Many of these should be left in woods and orchards and more might be made out of partly decayed logs and branches. To help the birds in summer, nothing is better than tangles of thorny shrubs interspersed with others bearing fruit that the birds like. The mulberry tree, eleagnus, wild cherry, pepperidge, blackberries, cornus, viburnum and many other shrubs have seeds which are eagerly eaten by birds. If birds must be kept they should be caged in the nesting season, say from Memorial Day to mid July, because cats yearly destroy more birds than are killed in any other way. at this extra dangerous season for the young. The Romance of Orchid Hunting By P. Harvey Middleton to cross yawning chasms upon flimsy. Sei boo bridges, to swim swirling, wide rivers, to spend nights in tree tops for protection from floods, to brave wild beasts and peril- ous landslides, just to pluck a pretty para- site from a tree trunk in some fever- stricken haunt—surely this is madness. But if so, it is a form of insanity that never lacks followers among the reckless adventurers still to be found in many parts of this prosaic world. The primeval forests of Central America, the deso- late table lands of Mexico, the jungles of India, the swamps of savage Africa, and the Dead Heart of Australia, these are a few of the fields explored constantly by the hunter after the aristocrat of flowers, the Beau Brummels of blossoms. Scores of men have perished in the pursuit, and millions of dollars have been spent in the acquisition of these fantastic flowers, that mimic radiant birds, and gor- geous butterflies. Twenty-five years ago the orchid was practically un- known in America except to botanists and collectors with very long purses, but during the last decade its cultivation in this country has grown into an important industry. With- in a few miles of New York there are seven or eight orchid growers who cut from the plants in their hothouses about three hundred specimens 4 Orchid, Cattleya Hardyana, one of the rarest orchids of South America day to meet the constant and increasing demand for this beautiful and fascinating flower as a suitable decoration at millionaires banquets and other important functions. At fashionable weddings it is coming into evidence more and more, gradually stealing away the glory from other mem- bers of the floral kingdom. Nor is its supremacy to be attri- buted solely to its cost, but rather to its own exquisite grace of form, beauty of color and its subtle fragrance. A dozen dollars will buy a dozen American Beauties. A dozen dollars will buy as many orchids, too, at some seasons of the year, but they may ali spring from a single stem and form a mere nosegay. Twelve such often enter into a bou- quet before it assumes the con- ventional proportions for the boudoir or the dinner table. And these are bargain prices, for it is no uncommon thing to pay five dollars for a single blossom at certain times of the year. The quest of the orchid by the American collector began some seventeen years ago in South America—which is the great supply source. John E.. Lager, of Summit Nea, went to the Republic of Col- ombia, whence come the most beautiful varieties. The news of his arrival in the orchid country spread like wildfire, and the natives flocked to him from miles around, all eager to start with him on an expe- dition into the mountains in search of the precious flowers. Soon a picturesque cavalcade of men and youths, three hundred strong, started from January, 1911 the village, each with a small wallet hung across his back, and at his side a machet to notch the trees in order that he may find his way back through the pathless forests. The mules with their wicker panniers and gay blankets added animation to the scene. Payment was to be made for the plants at so much a hundredweight. ‘The natives assumed that the senor want- ed the plants either to eat, or for medicinal purposes, in which case it made compara- tively little difference in what shape the goods were deliv- ered. And so the gatherers blightely hacked and tore the lovely plants from the trees in fragments and stuffed them into the sacks. When the pile of sacks was emptied out on the banks of the Magdalena, the expectant American was horrified. He spent nearly two days sorting out the plants, and out of the entire consign- ment only about one hundred were found intact! From that moment a scale of prices was agreed upon per plant. For the commoner varieties twenty cents a piece was paid and twenty-five cents apiece or more for the rarer specimens. The element of chance makes the income of the gatherer exceedingly uncer- tain. The orchid, which is fed by air, not earth, always attaches itself to a tree, fre- quently so tall that it cannot be selmtbed.” Nor is “tree climbing a very _ popular method of securing orchids, for the trunks are covered with a thick vegetation in which lurk scorpions, poisonous ants and deadly snakes. And so the tree must be chopped down. More often than not the orchids are so smashed by the fall as to be worthless, or else maybe there are only Colombia. Orchid, Cypripedium Orchid, Cypripedium Brownu Orchid, Odontoglossum crispum, from the high mountains of the Andes, Valued at $4,500 Orchid, Paphiopedilum Chamberlaino Rothschildianum AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 35 three or four; but in other cases, the whole trunk, from a height of three feet to the top, and all the boughs and branches, are fairly covered with blossoms with the most exquisite color, so that the tree looks for all the world like a lavender, pink, or yel- low column capped with a gorgeous hanging garden. But it is with the adventures of the professional hunter after the rarest of orchids that we have to deal—the man who sets out with a num- ber of natives on a search that will end either in success or death. You may cease to wonder, perhaps, at the fabu- lous sums paid for orchids when you learn the price paid in human lives in the gathering of that rare and beautiful flower. Falkenberg in Panama, Klaboch in Mexico, Endres on the Rio Hacha, Wallace in Ecuador, Schroeder in Sierra Leone, Arnold on the Orino- co, Digance in Brazil, Brown in Madagascar—all these orchid hunters met tragic deaths through wild beasts, hostile savages, fevers and accidents. George Barrault is a typ- ical example of the kind of stuff that orchid hunters are made of. He was employed by Mrs. George Wilson, of Philadelphia (whose collec- tion of orchids is worth con- siderably more than a million dollars) to search for rare South American orchids. For four years he dared death in many forms. He has been near death’s : door with the fevers of the tropics and _ tropical swamps, he has been robbed and deserted by his guides and left alone to starve in Andean moun- tain forests, and has been attacked, tormented and Orchid, Arides virens from India 36 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1911 all but eaten by hundreds of big, black ants. He has had to fight treacherous guides for his life, and has had escapes too numerous to describe. It was while engaged in hunting orchids in Colombia for the Philadelphia Orchid Queen that a revolution broke out. Barrault was seized by Colombian soldiers and forced fo fight “ior them. | As, a Frenchman he had seen mili- tary service, and philosophi- cally accepting his fate he led a regiment of the Colombians to battle, and was engaged in seven stiff fights. It was on off the track of the opposing armies. Jere he secured an- other set of guides and started off on the trail of a wonder- ful snow-white orchid which had been graphically describ- ed to him by a half naked Indian in the streets of Bo- gota—"‘An orchid so_ big,” said the native, clasping hands and rounding arms, ‘“‘and as white as snow on the moun- tain tops. I will take you to i Barrault headed an expedi- tion to the mountain haunt of the marvelously big flower— an expedition that was fraught the last occasion, when the 2m : with many adventures. Hardly slaughter of his men seemed / » ox had he started before the imminent, that Barrault seiz- — = ll + first of them occurred. Bar- ed a flag and rallying a hand- — Qychid. CatileyatSchrocderaina trom the pper Onnoco, raretena rault’s saddle-girth broke as ful of soldiers about him extremely difficult to obtain his mule was stepping gin- charged straight at the line of gerly along a narrow moun- popping guns ahead. ‘The rest of his regiment—who wor- tain path at the edge of a two thousand foot precipice, over shipped their apparently invincible leader—followed excit- which the orchid hunter promptly disappeared. He was edly. On they rushed until almost hand to hand with the caught in a tree growing out of the side one hundred feet be- enemy, when suddenly Bar- low, and after his guides, rault staggered and fel] peering cautiously down the severely wounded, and panic chasm, had recovered from their dismay, a rope was low- ered and he was hauled back to safety none the worse ex- cept for a few scratches. They arrived without fur- ther mishap at their destina- tion two weeks later and were soon hard at work collecting the orchids, which grew in great profusion. Then swamp fever struck the camp, and seized his followers, who turned and fled. And so Barrault, the orchid-hunting soldier, was thrown into prison by the rebels and there left to get well as best he could. Slowly, but surely, his fine constitu- tion pulled him around, and one night about six montns later he floored his guard and got away. Two days and one after another the guides nights brought him to the for- Orchid! Cattleya Percinaliana, ftom Veneeuclaiowearin fell ill, so that Barrault had est, where he knew rare the late fall to give up his beloved orchids orchids were to be found. and turn nurse. ‘Then he, too Living on roots and herbs that former experience had caught the fever, and was prostrated for days. Some of taught him were good for food, Barrault gradually worked the guides recovered before he did and taking advantage his way through the forest until he came to a lonely village of his heipless condition, stripped him of his _posses- Orchid, Deliocattleya Orchid, Cattleya Mossi, from Venezuela, Orchid, Cattleya Specisissima from Venezuela flowers in the spring January, 1911 sions, including the orchids, and left him alone in the forest. In his weakened state it took Barrault a week to work his way out of the dense gloom of the forest, guided to some extent by the almost overgrown path his expedition had hacked through the undergrowth. But at last he reached a cluster of huts and rested for a week. Then, with the deter- mination of a man who never knows when he is beaten, he set to work organizing another expedition. “It was during this trip,’ wrote Barrault, “that with two guides I stumbled into an army of big, black ants. Before we could escape they swarmed all over us from head to foot. It was half a mile to the nearest forest stream—a half mile covered with dense undergrowth. Frantically we clawed our way to the water, suffering agonies from the bites of the infuriated ants, and when, after what seemed years, we reached the stream’s brink, we barely had strength left to fling ourselves into the water.” Barrault’s heart was still set on the possession of that beautiful snow-white flower. He had the remnant of Mrs. Wilson’s gold in belts strapped to his body, and the party had not proceeded far when half a dozen of his redskin followers conspired to kill him in order to secure this money, which he had been forced to show them in order to obtain AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 37 the Erastus Corning collections, the latter of which was gathered through a period of forty years and at an expense of $500,000. Mrs. Wilson engaged for her head gardener Alphonse Pericat, who had been head gardener at the orchid farm of Baron Alphonse de Rothschild in Paris. Her col- lection therefore represents about fifty years’ work, and includes two thousand unique specimens with duplicates nowhere in the world. The best of her South American orchids, the white cattleyas, are worth from $200 to $1,000 a plant. Some idea of the prices obtained for rare orchids may be gathered from the fact that at a London auction a few months ago $4,500 was paid for a garden hybrid, the Odontoglossum crispum (Roger Sander). Last year the garden hybrid Cypripedium went for the equivalent of $1,500; and a Brussels buyer paid $4,360 for a wild O. crispum Cookroniw. Count Apponyi of Budapest paid $5,000 to a Venezuelan for a species so gigantic that oxen were required to convey it and the section of the tree to which it was attached. H. T. Pitt paid $6,000 for a small plant which he christened Pittianum, and also $6,500 for the cele- brated imported O. crispum “Persimmon.” A remarkable fact in connection with this plant is that it had been bought Fig. 1—Orchid, vanda lowii from Java. spots. Fig. 4—Cypripedium fairieanum the lost orchid found in Thibet after a world-wide search when the British expedition opened the forbidden land. their services. Just before sunrise on the following morn- ing, he, who was always on the alert for trouble, heard a slight noise outside his tent. Peeping out he saw six of his guides, armed with the long knives they used in hewing their way through the undergrowth, stealthily advancing on the tent. Without waiting a moment Barrault seized the sword he had used to such good purpose in his fight with the rebels, and sprang out. The Indians, although sur- prised, relied on their superior numbers and returned the orchid hunter’s sword-thrusts with murderous lunges of their long knives. Barrault skillfully parried their blows until he had backed up against a huge tree, and then the real fight began. With the dexterity he had acquired in the French army he beat down the guards of the Indians, severely wounded three of them, and put the others to flight. There was no more trouble after this incident, and Bar- rault and his remaining natives—now thoroughly subdued— returned safely with one thousand choice orchids, which were soon dispatched by raft on the Magdalena for Bar- rinquilla, whence they were forwarded without delay to the hothouses surrounding Mrs. Wilson’s palatial home in West Walnut Street, Philadelphia. About how much money Mrs. Wilson’s love for orchids has cost, we have already estimated. She has more than twenty thousand of them, and is continually increasing her possessions. She began by purchasing the A. R. Smith and The two top blossoms, one on each side, are a deep yellow, and those below are white with brick red Fig. 2—Orchid, vanda sanderiana from the-Island of Mindanao, Philippines. Fig. 3—Orchid, Cypripedium insigne sandere trom Burma. in open market, before flowering, for thirty-six cents. The good fortune of orchid buyers is sometimes extraordinary. Bulbs which have not flowered and give no signs of peculli- arity are often treasures in disguise. An amateur once gave three francs for an odontoglossum. It proved to be an un- known variety and was re-sold for a sum exceeding $1,000. Among a lot of the commonest orchids some years ago was found a plant similar to the rest in other characteristics except the color of its stem. When it flowered the bloom should have been green, but it was golden, and the value of the plant became in consequence difficult to estimate. It was divided into two parts and one was sold for $4,000, and the other for $5,000. The latter piece was several times divided, selling for $500 each time, but the first piece was never mutilated and is now worth $6,000. Probably the most famous orchid in existence is the Cypripedium Fairieanum, which was for many years known as the Lost Orchid, from the fact that its place of origin was unknown. A few specimens had found their way into the London market many years ago and whetted the curi- osity of the collectors. It was known to be a native of some part of northern India, and immense sums were spent in fitting out special expeditions to re-discover it. Wealthy orchidists offered $10,000 reward to anyone who would find a healthy wild specimen of this beautiful plant. Owing to tribal wars, many districts had of necessity 38 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS remained unvisited. In 1905, however, the British govern- ment sent its famous military expedition to the Dalai Lama in the remote Potala at the sacred city of Lhasa. Among the officers of the expedition was an enthusiastic botanist, and one afternoon several thousand feet above sea level in one of the almost inaccessible Bhutan passes that lead into Thibet, he came upon the orchid which had been sought for forty-six years in every nook and cranny of the world. With gentle, but eager hands the military botanist gathered a number of the plants and dispatched them by special cour- ier to Calcutta, whence the glad news of the recovery of the dainty little “‘lady’s slipper” was cabled all over the world. It is the plant that has demonstrated how it can bloom, that costs dear. For the spotted O. crispum ‘Frederic San- der” Mr. Pitt of London after seeing the bloom paid $10,500. These are just public, not private prices, and were paid mainly because of the spots on the specimens—the signs of individuality. But there is little cause for surprise at such prices when such terrible dangers have to be faced in order to bring them to civilization. Some years ago a collector for an English firm was sent to New Guinea to look for a dendro- bium, then very rare. He went to the country, dwelt among the cannibals for months, and found about four hundred of the plants. He loaded a little schooner with them and put into a port in Dutch New Guinea, where the ship caught fire and was burned to the water’s edge. His firm ordered him to go back for more. He went. He discovered a magni- ficent collection of the huge crimson flowers growing among the exposed bones and skulls of a Papuan burying ground. Some were actually nodding gaily between the ribs of a skeleton. He was about to gather some of the orchids when the natives, resenting this disturbance of their dead, men- anced him with their knives, and it was only by the exercise of the utmost tact, supplemented with presents of beads, brass wire and calico that he was able to appease them and to gain their consent to his removal of the orchids from their ghastly retreat. In one or two cases he was compelled to carry away the skulls to which the precious specimens clung, and the Papuans insisted on his taking along a little idol to watch over the spirits of the departed. Talking of idols reminds me of Brown. An orchid hunter named Brown, in dark and mysterious Madagascar, while in pursuit of a rare specimen was unfortunate enough grossly to insult a much venerated idol. The enraged priests soaked him in parafin and burned him to a cinder. Another col- lector was known to wade up to his middle in mud for a fortnight looking for a specimen of which he had heard. January, 1911 Two collectors seeking a single plant died one after the other of the fever. A collector detained at Panama went to look for an orchid and the Indians brought him back from the swamps to die. Many orchid hunters come back to the sea-coast from the interior stricken with jungle fever, or beriberi, or yellow fever, or some other of the terrible diseases which are the penalty of searching for riches in the tropical regions of the world. Often their hair and nails drop out and they are incapacitated for work for the rest of their lives. If they escape disease and the treachery of their guides they may fall a prey to the wild beasts of every kind that abound in the orchid country. There is a certain species of the plant, very popular in America, which is bell- shaped and collects dew, for which reason snakes lie in wait nearby and kill birds when they alight on the flowers. When the orchid hunter stretches out his hand to tear the treasure from its tree he is constantly exposed to the deadly bite of these snakes. But why, you will probably ask, can we not breed from the plants which are acquired at such awful cost, and thus in time make this foreign exploration unnecessary? For the simple reason that it takes from twelve to eighteen months for the seed to ripen, then three months for it to sprout, then from five to ten years for the plant to yield a flower. And when at last perhaps the hybrid does bloom it is something that is hardly worth looking at. The winds, the birds and the insects all in their several ways carrying the pollen from one specimen to another of different varieties combine to produce rare and expensive flowers in the orchid’s native habitat. When the plants arrive in New York there is little in their appearance to tell of the glories which they will later put forth. They are simply dried, shrivelled up looking things with possibly a few yellow green leaves attached to them. The quest of the orchid is not likely to diminish for many years to come, for there are probably several thousand varieties waiting to be found in remote corners of the world. A few varieties have been developed in hothouses in America by cross fertilization, but nothing like enough to begin to supply the inexorable demand of Fashion, and so the death-dealing pursuit of the wild specimens must go on. But it is probable that if the debutante who accepts with a murmur of thanks the tribute of orchids could realize the many dangers they had involved, she would invest the delicate flowers with additional romance, while it is pretty safe to assume that if the gilded youths who pay for the orchids had to gather them, there would be a wonderful increase in the demand for American Beauty roses. Springtime in Winter By S. Leonard Bastin KO THE gardener, the cold months of the year must always mean a cessation in the active work of plant culture. Any scheme which will enable the enthusiast to pursue his pastime during the winter is sure of a welcome. The new method of bringing the branches of trees and of shrubs into flower at this time, is one which promises to make a valu- able addition to the resources of the indoor gardener. Its very simplicity must appeal to everyone, while the decora- tive possibilities of the system cannot fail to attract all flower admirers. In order to understand the purpose of the treatment, the consideration of a few natural science points may not be out of place. It is well known to botanists that all decidu- ous trees and shrubs bring their next season’s growth to a very advanced stage during the fall. Indeed all the leaves and flowers are quite ready for the spring, folded up on a very small scale beneath the protecting bud cases. Now the resumption of growth, when it does take place, is largely due to the fact that the plant starts to draw water from the soil, and the fluid rising to the buds swells out the undevel- oped tissue and the tree comes into foliage and blossom. The purpose of the ‘present method is to imitate as nearly as possible this natural process in mid-winter, at which time the fresh growth will have a special value. Nowadays when flowering trees and shrubs are so com- mon in our gardens there will be no difficulty in finding sub- jects for the treatment. All the ornamental plums, apples, cherries and currants to mention only four kinds, are perfectly adapted, whilst the wild species of these fruits which are to be found in the hedgerows may be made equally useful. Bright green foliage is always very acceptable, and branches of trees with large buds, such as chestnuts and sycamores, may be included in the collection. . The season of the year when the system may be most AMERICAN January, 1911 HOMES AND GARDENS 39 Fig. I Fig. 1—Strips of the bark should be cut off the lower part of the stem. should be cut off like this. successfully practised is during the months of January and February. Strange as it may seem the buds always expand more readily if they have been subjected to a week or two of frost, so during a spell of severe weather is a good time to secure the boughs. It is, of course a matter of impor- tance to be able to select the boughs of the trees which are well budded for blossom. Mostly the flower buds will be fatter than those producing only foilage. Another dis- tinguishing feature is illustrated in an accompanying photo- graph showing two pieces of ornamental plum. ‘The spray which would throw a goodly show of flowers is that bearing the large buds on the short shoots. This method of judg- ing a branch is one well known to fruit growers. In cutting the branches from the trees it is a matter of some importance to make a clean severance, seeing that torn or ragged fractures prevent a free development on the part of the twigs. The most shapely branches should be selected and all along it should be borne in mind that the sprays are to be used in vases for decorative purposes. In order to enable the boughs to absorb water as freely as pos- sible it is a good plan to remove some of the bark on the lower portion of the stem. This is best cut away with a sharp knife in alternate slices as is shown in the illustration. Now secure a number of large bowls into which some hot—not scalding—water has been poured. ‘Tie all the branches to be treated into bundles and place the ends of the boughs in the water, at once removing the whole thing to a dark cupboard. This immersion in hot water seems to have the curious tonic effect of stirring the sleeping buds so that when brought out into the light they will be able to commence Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 2—Before the branches are placed in water the lower part part Fig. 3—The branches should be placed in a sunny window. active growth. Of course the method is one often followed by florists when they wish to revive drooping flowers. It is just as well to leave the branches in the dark cup- board for twenty-four hours, although naturally the water will have become cold long before this interval has elapsed, but this does not matter. It is a question for the individual to decide whether the boughs shall be grown to perfection in the vases, or whether they shall only be placed in the ornamental receptacles after they have fully developed. Some people do not find the leafless branches inartistic, and these are of course soon adorned with expanding buds which give a delightful “spring” feeling to the apartment. Whichever course is adopted the boughs should be placed at once in pure water, which it is very necessary should be kept in a fresh condition. To this end it is not a bad plan to place a lump of charcoal in each vase or bowl, although this is not essential if the water is changed about every two days. It is now desirable that the branches should be placed in a fully light position, if possible in front of a window where they will get all the sunshine. The speed of growth will be entirely dependent upon the warmth of the room; if the tem- perature is high the buds will commence to swell very rapidly. Soon the expanding flowers and leaves will be plainly visible and at this stage dust is harmful to the young growth. If possible, the boughs should be protected when any sweeping is going on in the apartment, and in any case the shoots will be benefited if they are sprinkled occasionally with luke warm water. It should be pointed out in conclu- sion, however, that the directions emphasized in the forego- ing lines should be followed if the best results are desired. Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 4—It is important to learn to distinguish between flowering and leafing stems: The one with the short thick buds contains the flowers. Fig. 5—Branches of wild plum with plenty of flowers. Fig. 6—Wild cherry will come out beautifully in a few days in mid-winter Fig. 7—In the case of the wild plum the foliage will expand as well. 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, rgrt Substitute for Potatoes By William Atherton De Puy \y HE Department of Agriculture at its ex- periment station in South Carolina last year raised a ton and a half of aroid tubers on a sixth of an acre of land. These tubers are the foundation for the poi of the Hawaiians, the malanga of the Cubans, the oto of the Panamans—foods that are the main sustenance of the peoples named. ‘The aroids are the staff of life for many millions of people the world around dwelling in the tropics. Numerically they probably support as many people as does rice or wheat. Not only this, but they support these millions at a cost aver- aging less than five cents a day. The Department of Agriculture has begun the experi- ment of determining whether or not the aroids may be grown in the United States to the benefit of the people. They have been raised experimentally and have produced promising crops in practically all the Southern states. It has been demon- strated that crops amounting to fif- teen and _ twenty tons to the acre may be grown on practically any of the lowlands of the South. It is believed that they may be produced in quan- tities at less expense than may potatoes, and that they pro- vide a food that is in every way equal to that staple and furnishes an agree- ari: largely cultivated as a food yielding plant. These plants grow abundantly on low and wet lands. They require lit- tle cultivation and yield prodigiously. Because of this large yield and small amount of labor required, the aroids came to be cultivated in the tropics in the early centuries when man first began to take thought and to plant food-bearing crops. They are among the oldest cultivated plants in the world. They grow abundantly in Central America, South America, the West Indies, equatorial Africa, Ma- laysia, Japan, China. In this last country they are largely cultivated in latitudes that correspond with that of Wash- ington, D. C., in this country. From these facts and from the experience already had it is believed that they offer great possibilities in the United States and that their intro- duction might add a new food that would not only give greater variety but cheaper living here. The tubers grow on the roots of the aroids much as potatoes grow. They thrive under such conditions of mois- ture as are favor- able to rice-. Inwa moist, loose soil the plant may be taken by the top and lifted, roots and all, from the earth. The tubers are as large as the fist and coy- ered with a some- what rough — skin. When baked they come out of this skin with even more readiness than does the potato. They may be peeled easily before cooking and able substitute and they lend themselves change. The _ ex- These are the aroid tubers that promise cheap food for the nation to frying, boiling, periments will be baking, and all carried forward on a much larger scale next year, the special varieties that thrive best in this country will be se- lected, and when decided upon will be placed in the hands of numbers of intelligent experimenters who want to take further steps toward developing the crop. The aroids, having been grown for centuries in various parts of the world, have differentiated and there are hun- dreds of varieties. The plant representing them with whick Americans are most familiar is the “‘elephant’s ear,’ used as an ornamental plant in many American gardens. The taro of Hawaii is probably the best known variety that is manner of combinations. In flavor they are entirely in- dividual but attractive. There is more flavor to them than to potatoes and a wide variety among the different kinds. This flavor may be described as being somewhat nutty. It appeals to most tastes. The aroids offer great possibilities as a food for the millions of the temperate zones. Their coming into general use is not at all improbable. They will be an important addition to food products that may be a substitute not only for potatoes, but a means of meeting deficiencies apt to obtain even in the near intensive cultivation of crops in this country. January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix The Editor of American Hornes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishings WINDOW TREATMENT IN CITY HOUSES 66 OVING into the city, after living for M a good many years in a country town, we are confronted with the problem of how to correctly treat the win- dows, especially in the front of the house, and more particularly the glass panels of the double sets of hall doors. Our princi- pal objection to the conventional treatment that we see in neighboring windows is that it complicates the machinery of living and shuts out the light and air. Next door to us the windows are shrouded with two sets of shades; two pairs of lace curtains, one pair of thick curtains with lambrequins, be- sides shutters and awnings—L. E. S., Brooklyn, N. Y. The conditions of city life naturally de- mand different arrangements in the home from those exacted by a house in the country. For the former, a uniform ap- pearance should be given the front of the house by the window shades and lace cur- tains. Cream or buff-colored shades may be put up in winter, and dark brown or dark green in the summer. As a screen from the street a thin curtain may be hung across the glass under the shade and allowed to hang to the sill. The outside pair of double doors that open into a vestibule are usually filled with large panels of plain glass. These doors receive so much dust from the street that they are not covered with drapery on the inside, but the inner pair of doors with half-panels of glass requires curtains. As the hall receives most of its light from the glass panels, they should be covered with a lace panel fitted over the glass on a steel frame, or by widths of lace shirred on brass rods at the top and bottom. The choice of the mate- trial should follow that selected for the other front windows. As the special mission of the lace panel is not to exclude the light needed for the hall, it will not serve the double purpose of screening the hallway after dark when the lights are turned on. To provide this necessary protection a silk over-curtain may be put up on a top rod, with pulleycords at the sides to make the adjustment easy. The hem at the bot- tom may be weighted by brass chains of medium sized links. A COLLEGE GIRL’S ROOM “A College Girl” asks how she can best expend fifty dollars in making her room (used for sleeping and studying) more at- tractive. She writes: “The woodwork is dark and ugly, but does not show very much except at the two windows. I need rugs, curtains, a cover for my divan, an arm chair, and a screen.” As the woodwork is dark an ecru net or muslin may be hung at the windows to the sill and looped back at the sides. A long curtain to the floor, with a valance filling the space at the top between the two lengths, will relieve the room of some of the dark woodwork. The same material may be used for covering the divan and its pillows, a seat cushion and back pillow for a willow chair, and also for a three-panelled screen. An American rug called the Kazak comes in good wearing colors at a very moderate cost. A size six feet by nine feet can be bought for $8.50, and three feet by six feet for three dollars. RGSS iam (Odio errnees a eeiee Ae) ate $11.50 Cretonne, (40 yards at fifty cents a SELEGD Ae aE ae mae 20.00 WMillowearm\ chains a5 cect rci seas 10.00 Net curtains (10 yards at 45c a VAR) ees salen Wee eR stare ets 4.50 - $46.00 TRIMMING FOR VELOUR CURTAINS. “Our old terra-cotta colored portieres of double-faced velour we have just had dyed, and they have come out a very successful brown. We would like to trim them in some way if you will suggest something that will look well on the parlor side, which has a wall paper of mixed colors, and some- thing for the hall side where the walls are covered with brown burlap—Mrs. B. H., Sandusky, Ohio. For the parlor side of the portieres one of the metal galloons may be used, and if the gold threads are too fresh-looking they may be dulled a little. For the hall side of the portieres a tapes- try border introducing green, brown, tan and blue in the color combination, is sug- gested. WALL DECORATION FOR A DEN. “In remodeling our home,” writes “A Constant Reader in Elmira, N. Y., “we have added a new room that opens out of the dining-room. The conditions are these: Some old wood has been utilized for the trim and this necessitates paint instead of stain. We do not wish white woodwork as the dining-room is dark oak. The door that opens from the dining-room will pro- bably. always be open. - For this reason the wall covering and wood finish seem to be most important. Can you help us with these?” The best treatment for the woodwork is a bronze green—the tone so often seen in a bright finish on the outside of railroad cars. A picture border of the proper width to suit the proportions of the room (this was not mentioned in the letter) in colors that blend into the woodwork. For the space below the picture border a fabric paper in two tones of green with some suggestion of gray may be used, and the joining of the upper and lower decorations covered with a picture molding. CANDLE SHADES. A single item in the furnishing of a room often becomes a matter of perplexity. An inquiry from a Richmond, Va., cor- respondent relates to candle shades for a dining-room. “The four silver candle sticks with their (Continued on page x) Garden Work About the Home R F. D. GYPSUM in the pure state e is a sulphate of lime (CaSO,). In the commercial form it is called land plaster and is more or less adulterated with carbonate of lime and worthless insoluble matters. It is used in hen houses and in cow barns and horse stables to fix the free am- monia in the excrement. It is also applied to the land at the rate of one to two bushels per acre when its effect is very beneficial, because it is be- lieved to act on the double silicates of pot- ash, liberating and making the potash available. It also frees phosphoric acid and makes nitrogen more soluble. It has the further but not understood effect of conserving moisture. Its beneficial effects are in no way due to the lime in its composition, so if your soil needs liming, as you suggest, the gyp- sum will not do. Gypsum is always present in the com- mercial phosphates because these are made by treating insoluble phosphates of lime with sulphuric acid, which combines with the lime, forming a sulphate of lime. It is doubtful if your soil needs fertil- izing as much as it needs good tillage. The supply of fertilizers in any ordinary soil is nearly inexhaustible, though it may be entirely unavailable for the plants to use as food. Thus, as we have seen above, the gypsum makes the potash and phosphoric acid available. Lime breaks down the in- soluble nitrates making the nitrogen avail- able. It often happens, however, that the min- eral constituents of the soil are unavail- able because of poor tillage, and before you spend much on fertilizers you should do everything you can to put the soil in good tilth. Tillage, which includes all the opera- tions of fining the soil, whether ploughing, or harrowing, or hoeing, or raking, not only puts the soil in the best condition mechan- ically but also has other effects. Ploughing turns the sods over and if done in the fall the frost and rains act on the soil particles, breaking them up and exposing them to the air, hastening the chemical changes which liberate plant food. Land which has just been ploughed holds the rain better and the later tilling by making a blanket of fine soil on top pre- vents evaporation, thus saving more water for the use of the plants, if the soil is dry. By ploughing and cultivating the land can be made warmer and dryer if it is too wet. Deep ploughing brings up some of the subsoil and contrary to the general opinion the subsoil has as much potential fertility as the topsoil and this is made available by bringing it to the top for aeration. A chemical analysis of the soil will be of little benefit because it takes no account of the mechanical state of the soil which is often of more importance than its chem- ical composition. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. January, 1911 a a As Prof. Roberts of Cornell says in his Now 1S the time to get ready for early wonderful book on “The Fertility of the zi Soil”: “Increased production on good land spring vegetables is more cheaply secured by superior tillage than by the purchase of lar iti Eggplants, tomatoes, parsley, peppers, radishes, cabbages, cauliflower, must y P eror large quan ae be started in four or five weeks. Get some Sunlight Double fertilizers.” Glass Sash NOW and be ready. Green manures which go by implication = with excellent tillage are enough to supply a naytee lome of the things you can grow | you never cover Sunlight Sash. : . : c ; the ordinary deficiencies of the soil, either and Cold-frames Glass is held in place without putty. Can’t work loose, easily replaced. in humus or in nitrogen. A little phos- phoric acid and potash may be needed, but It 1s most likely that lime applied at the pansies in bloom in February oF rate of a ton and a half per acre will cor- March. Cabbage, cauliflower, beets, aA s rab meiner ra aay reac anc rect the acidity of the soil and at the same plants to set out earlier than under time make available the phosphorus pot- the single glass sash. : x E ?? ash, and nitrogen that it contains. Fresh lettuce and radishes any time you want them. Violets all winter ; Sy x pat a / Double Glass Sash . Get these two books The double layer of glass supplies the protection One is our free catalog. The other is a formerly obtained with mats and boards. book on hot beds and cold frames by Prof. ( a : 4 ; Massey, an authority on the subject. It Continued from page ix) Between the two layers of glass is a % inch layer of dry still tells how to make and care for the beds, : 3 : air. This transparent blanket permits the plants to get all what and when to plant. 4c in stamps open-work silver shades stand on the side- the light all the time—which means earlier and better crops, will bring Prof. Massey’s book in addition | pee cae the day, but the pink linings : 3 aie o not look well with the tapestry paper, The Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., (Inc.) 943 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. Write to-day dark oak woodwork, heavy oak fara Oriental rug and velvet hangings. On the table, with pink or white flowers these lin- ings are appropriate, but I need them to dress up the sideboard in the day-time. Two sets of linings are required to meet the double need, a buff set for the day-light f : use on the sideboard and also as a change The Gateway ofa Charming Home is the from the pink set which may be kept in the closet until it fits in with the flower deco- ae) . A ration of the table. “™ Building Number | and moreover you eliminate all mats and boards because to the catalog. (Continued from page iv) the inner black surface of the metal shell, and is communicated by conduction to the House &S arden water surrounding this shell, which is in a cylindrical or cone-shaped chamber, con- taining only a thin layer of water, that may @ Here is a magazine that covers the whole subject therefore be quickly brought to a steaming of planning, building and furnishing the sort of temperature. As may be seen in the draw- home that you want to build. Its comprehensive ing, an additional air or steam chamber is articles are by authorities on every phase of home provided, surrounding this layer of water building and comprise such subjects as—The Fireproof which is acting as a heat insulator, to pre- House, The Best Use of Stone-work, How to Read vent the rapid transfer of heat from the Architectural Drawings, Distinctive Hardware, Lighting steaming water to the storage water in the Fixtures of Character, Kitchens, Plumbing for New and Old outer surrounding chamber. Water from Houses, How to Use Colonial Detail Intelligently, The Proper the reservoir is admitted through a hole Setting for a Country Home, What Trees to Plant, How to Dis- into the hot-water chamber, and is forced tinguish Between the Work of Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Adam in by the heated air in the upper part of and Sheraton There are many superb illustrations for every one the reservoir, also by the passage of heated of these vital subjects and a wealth of pictures showing distinctive air or vapor through the hole near the top homes of moderate size with their plans, representative houses of of this chamber surrounding the hot-water every architectural style, and suggestions from German and Eng- cylinder. lish country houses, with all these there is a host of suggestions Outer shells are provided to furnish heat on the various parts of the house such as fireplaces, halls, win- insulation and to retain the heat within the dows, doorways, living rooms, dining rooms, etc. In fact, here is a great manual on home building that you cannot afford tobe || = # # Hh without if you want ideas from homes of individuality the country over and practical help in solving the problems that perplex the home builder. Forty pages of Homes with Individuality. err fl New Ideas Constructive Schemes Decorative Details @ This splendid Building Number marks the beginning of the program for 1911 and will be followed by eleven other splendid magazines each of great help and intense interest. Hi 1a (ema EST ISS « » Fig. 8—CEREAL COOKER OR GLUE POT. Special Offer to New Subscribers @ We want you to know House & GARDEN and will send you the magazine for six months if you cooking apparatus; and as the water is will send us a remittance for $1. vaporized in the hot-water cylinder, it is Your subscription will begin with the continuously replaced on account of the in- great Building Number and will in- creased pressure in the water storage cham- clude two other special issues. The ber. Gardening Guide (April) and the Another arrangement of the electric cook- Summer Home Number (June). er steamer retains the principal feature of a McBrIDE, WINSTON ©& Co. 449 Fourth Avenue, New York I enclose remittance for $1, for which please send me HOUSE C> GARDEN for six months in- —. | cluding three Special Numbers. thin shell, an insulating air, steam, or vapor Oe Red p McBride, Winston & Co. || shell chamber, and an outer storage cham- lS ness A AW ber, the last three being formed by a tea! Sau ( Ih 449 Fourth Avenue removable double cylinder, pressed down De IQ lh New York into the water, and forcing the same into ie the space between the cylinders and into the steaming water layer. An electric cof- Ye deena tepunnspeuetyseo ent January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A SPECIAL BOX OF HAZARD’S FAMOUS SHREWSBURY sranxp PURE FOOD DELICACIES A Choice Assortment, consisting of 3 Large Bottles Tomatoketchup ss ss Mayonnaise Dressing Burnt Onion Sauce Tomato Chutney Liquid Paprika Worcestershire Sauce Chili Sauce Pepper Sauce (Green) These Superb Products, made by the Oldest Food Product Concern in the United States, are of Magnificent Quality and Absolutely Pure and Free from Preservatives, Colorings, etc. $ 00 By __€xpress prepaid. Send | cash, cheque or money order. E. C. HAZARD & CO,, 74 Grove Street, New York “ce “ tet et et et ND ND All carefully packed ina special case. Greider’s Fine Catalogue of purebred poultry, for 1911, over 200 pages, 97 large calbzed Bieeenes of fowls, calendar for each month, illustrations, descriptions, photos, incubators, brooders, information, and all details concerning the business, where and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for hatching, supplies, etc. at lowest cost, in fact the greatest poultry catalogever published. Send 15c for this handsome boek. B. H. Gremer,Cax 1. RHEEMS, PA. [JRON FENCE QW PRICE HIGH GRADE — GROW IDAHO ONIONS and Make $600 Profit per Acre i Offer the Seed of Wonderful Prize-Winning Onions at $1.60 per Ib. From my Idaho seed ranch I have just received a limited quantity of seed of the pure strain YELLOW GLOBE DAN. VERS ONION grownon thevirginsoil. This seed took first prize at the Inter-Mountain State Fair at Boise City, Idaho, last November. It is absolutely free from rust, smut or mold. _ The bulbs from which this seed grew are from 3 to5 inches in diameter and weigh ftom 1 to 1’ pounds each. Southern Idaho is noted for the strength and vitality of its onion seed. These onions are so large they sell everywhere for ‘‘ Yellow Spanish’’ at 100 per cent. advance over prices of ordinary onions. They retail in the cities at5centseach. Growers of Yellow Globe Danvers Onions clean up $600 profit per acre. Price per pound $1.60, charges prepaid, Special price on 20 pounds, sufficient to plant 5 acres, $25 delivered. Where else can you make $2,000 clear profit on a $25 invest- ment? Order promptly as my supply of seed is limited. R,C. NEWELL, 524 N. Central Ave., Austin-Chlcago, III. HlomeLike Comfort! and Beauly You cannot realize the satisfy- ing comfort and beauty of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs — they not only add to the refinement and the home-like appearance but great- ly enhance the value and importance of your property. Hardy Perennials earefully graduated in color, bloom and height, will supply this necessary finish and make your grounds gay with flowers and the beautiful colorings of nature, from early Spring till late in Autumn. Catalog Containing Landscape Plans Free It is the only catalog published containing lands- cape plans and tables telling you how and what to plant to obtain the best and most pleasing results. Weber k prices are always reasonable. H. J. Weber & Sons, Narsery, Missouri ; St. Louis County 4 fee pot has been designed along the same lines, the lamp heating the thin film of water, which rises through the coffee in the perforated receptacle at the top, and circu- lates down along the outside wall of the coffee pot. As only a small amount of water is re- quired for poaching eggs, a novel combi- nation egg poacher and plate warmer has been developed, as shown in Fig. 6. For warming the plates, such dry heat may be supplied as is necessary, and for poaching the eggs, a thin layer of water is utilized for a few minutes only. Some of these cooking and heating de- vices are provided with resistance heat- regulating sockets, mounted between the Fig. 9—EGG POACHER AND TEAPOT. supporting receptacle and the heating lamp, when found desirable, and another con- struction utilizes a thermostat plug between the porcelain receptacle and the tubular heating lamp for controlling the tempera- ture as desired. The electric sealing-wax heater is similar to the shaving cup, the wax receiving the heat by conduction from the shell itself, and when protected by an outer shell, a 4 or 8 candle-power lamp will keep the sealing- wax continuously hot and ready for use in a bank, shipping or express office. Another application of the incandescent lamp is that of the electric oatmeal cooker or glue heater (Fig. 8). An inner recepta- cle is heated by steam or water in the outer shell. In Fig. 9 will be noted a unique little tea steeper and egg poacher combined, for use in a sick room. COLD STORAGE EGGS IN FRANCE -CCORDING to Dr. Bordas, of the A French council of public hygiene, the cold storage of eggs is rapidly increasing in France, and will soon sup- plant liming and the other processes now employed for preserving them. Dr. Bordas insists on maintaining a rigorous distinc- tion between fresh eggs and cold storage eggs, although the latter are very superior to limed eggs. Five, six or even seven months of cold storage do not appreciably alter the appearance or odor of eggs, while lime water, acting for a much _ shorter period, makes the albumen slightly yellow and gives the egg the characteristic odor of lime. An egg which has been kept three or four months in cold storage is still in perfect condition to be eaten, soft-boiled, from the shell, but a limed egg of the same age is unfit for this use. After the fourth month of cold storage the air space of the egg becomes enlarged by evaporation, but the egg is still perfectly fit for pastry mak- ing and most culinary uses. In recent years, especially in the districts of Lyons and Bordeaux, French preserved eggs have suffered from competition with preserved yolks of foreign origin. For hygienic rea- _sons it is desirable that cold storage eggs should be used by all bakers and pastry cooks. Residence of Thomas Shields Clarke Esq., Lenox. Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains and lined with Cabot's Sheating Quilt for warmth. Wilson Eyre, Architect, Philadelphia Tested 8 Years—Satisfactory **Onthe back page of your catalogue I find a pi in Lenox, Mass., which I built in 1902 and used Quilt—both satisfactory.”’ (Signed) THOMAS SHIEL New York, May 9, 1910. For the beauty of the exterior of your house, nothing will do so much as Cabot’s Shingle Stains and for the warmth and winter comfort of the interior Cabot’s Sheating “Quilt” will pay for itself over and over again. It is not amere felt or paper, but a special insulator, that keeps the heat in exactly asa bird’s feathers do. You cannot afford to overlook it. Samples, circulars, and full information sent on request FREE. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.. Sole M’f’rs, 131 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Agents al all Central Points This Individual Library keeps your Xmas books in your own room—in one or two Globe lWernicke units, combined with Writing Desk and Locker units, if desired—all in harmony with your furniture and furnishings. GlobeWernicke Elastic Bookcases conform to /asting style rather than passing fancy—made in a variety of woods and finishes—exact duplicates are a/cvays ob- tainable—sold at uniform prices and freight prepaid, everywhere. ‘“*The World’s Best Books’’ Free Contains lists of the 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ‘‘Best Books’’ for children and adults, as selected by acknowledged authorities. “Booklovers will find much to commend in this meaty volume.’ — Chicage Record Herald This valuable book and our handsomely illustrated catalogue mailed free for coupon below—you need them both. The Globs Wernicke Ca, Dept.A. H., Cincinnati, U.S. A. Branches: Th New York e Chicago Washington Boston. Plea: Best Books, also your 1911 cata Globe-Wernicke Co., Dept. AH., Cincinnati, U.S.A. nd me “* The World’s AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS When love languishes Love chained to a coal-hod is a sorry spectacle. Men chafe at the burden of climbing stairs with a coal-scuttle—once in a while they do it with an “Oh- let-me-help-you-dear”’ expres- sion, but the moment it becomes a daily duty, the joy is fled. AMON | DEAL BOILERS do away with coal-hod slavery for men and women. Then, too, the coal-hod kind of heating means ash-dust, embers and soot spread through the living rooms, which in turn means incessant toil to make the rooms clean. ness and if this is impossible then the house is not a home. facturer would think of heating a factory by grates, stoves or hot-air furnace. should men expect their wives to put up with such old-style methods? In an IDEAL Boiler the fire will not need rekindling in the whole heating season—will run 8 to 16 hours or longer without recoaling— depending of course upon the severity of the weather. : & A A No. 22 IDEAL Boiler and A No.C-241IT DEAL Boiler and 240 ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN 555 ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing the owner Radiators, costing the owner $115, were used to heat this $250, were used to heat this cottage. cottage. At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. Showrooms in all large cities CYPRIPEDIUM FAIRIANUM A child can run the outfit. Ask your architect to specify and insist on IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators. Fully guaranteed. take any other. Do not Every owner or tenant—small or large—in town or country—ought to have our catalogue (free). If the care of old fashioned heating is robbing you of two hours a day which could be devoted to better purposes, don’t delay longer. All inquiries cordially welcomed. AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY Dept. A, RUTHERFORD, N. J. No woman is ever happy to see her efforts wasted. Women love cleanli- No architect or manu- Why IDEAL Boilers and AMER- ICAN Radi- ators keep a new house new and cause an old house to have its life and value pro- longed. Write to Dept. 6 Chicago Do You Grow Orchids In Your Conservatories? @ They are easily grown with other plants, and are a continuous joy to the amateur. @ They are ever increasing in popularity. @ White for our illustrated Orchid Book which will be sent you free upon request. @ It contains full information on the care of these wonderful plants. @ We will supply collections for beginners, 12 plants for $25.00. @ Visitors are always welcome at our nur- series. JULIUS ROEHRS CO., January, 1911 SARDINE BAIT RENCH sardine fishers use, as bait, the roes and other waste products of the Norwegian cod fisheries. This bait is expensive and its price is continually rising, Owing to the increasing demand. An artificial bait, which is much cheaper, has recently been employed, but with only partial success, as it sinks too quickly and often lures the sardines downward, instead of drawing them up into the nets. At- tempts are now being made to remedy this defect. The success of these attempts would bring joy to the fishermen, but not to the dealers in Norwegian bait who enjoy a very lucrative monopoly. The question is one of burning interest and has nearly led to open war between fishermen and bait dealers on the French coasts.—Cosmos. clined to consider it incongruous to use an electrical vehicle as a hearse, but as a matter of fact the electrical hearse, moving with stately silence, is really more dignified than one drawn by horses. Such a hearse was recently constructed for .a Chicago firm, and has been in continuous service ever since. Power is communicated from the motor to the rear wheels by means of silent chain drive. The battery is sup- ported under the main body of the vehicle in a compariment between the front and rear wheels, and is adapted to furnish suffi- cient current to propel the hearse for a dis- tance of fifty miles. HAT a beautiful tone that bell has!” WV is often heard. There are few, however, who know how a bell re- ceives its joyful or solemn tones. All bells after they are cast and finished must go through a process of tuning the same as any other musical instrument before they respond with a clear, true tone. Every bell sounds five notes, which must blend to- gether in order to produce perfect harmony. The tuning of a bell is done by means of shaving thin bits from various parts of the metal. It is as easy for an expert bell tuner to put a bell in tune as it is for a piano tuner to adjust his instrument to perfect chords. At first thought it would seem that a bell would be ruined should the tuner shave off too much at the last tuning, or the fifth sound, but such is not the case. He would, however, be obliged to begin over, starting again with the first tone, and shav- ing the bell till it gave forth its harmonious sound at the fifth tone. A T first thought, one might be in- of economical habits have been com- plaining because they are obliged to light their streets all night for the benefit of a few belated citizens, and have been trying to discover a method whereby the citizen who needs to have his pathway lighted in the small hours of the night shall pay the costs himself. On one of the streets of a small German town, such a system has actually been put into operation. The street is a little over half a mile long, and is provided with nine lamps. At each end of the street is a penny-in-the-slot machine, and whenever anyone wishes to light up the street, he has merely to drop in a ten- pfennig piece, which turns on the current for twelve minutes. This allows him ample time to walk the length of the street. The street is normally lighted until 10 o’clock. Thereafter the prepayment meter must be resorted to. Seer of the smaller European towns saa January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii A NEW VEGETABLE AUG. CHEVALIER gives an inter- esting account of a vegetable of the bean variety which grows in Africa in the Dahomey region. The grains, the size of a very small pea, are formed un- derground and appear in pods. There is no evidence that this plant is known in Europe. Previously we knew two plants of this kind in Africa, one of these being an archide which resembles South American plants and the other is the Voandzon, this latter being the only species of the genus Voandzeia. The third plant which we men- tion here is cultivated for its edible grains. M. Eugene Poisson, who is familiar with the Dahomey region, pointed out its exist- ence in the interior of the country. Such grains are sold in the markets of Abomey under the name of doi. The author ob- served the doi plants both in flower and in bearing young fruits, and examined the dry grains which the natives obtained for him. The doi plant is a new species of V oandzeia. The pods which are found at the root of the plant carry only one or two grains. When there are two grains these are sep- arated by a complete partition and the pod is narrower here. From this description it may be supposed that the pod is somewhat like the American peanut, in form, at least, although it is of smaller size. As we find for the bean, the doi has several varieties, differing by the color of the grains, and these are oftenest white, but can also be black, red or variegated. The area occu- pied by the plant is very limited, being only a restricted region in the central part of Dahomey. It can be eaten in the same way as the bean, and has a very agreeable taste. Owing to the small size of the grain, the production is very limited, and it is reserved for the chiefs or other favored persons. For this reason the Dahomey usage forbids the eating of the grains by women. MAMMOTH cave has been discov- A ered in German East Africa in Mt. Nangoma, about an hour to the south of Nandembo. Though discovered in August, 1909, it was not explored till February, 1910, when the police officer, Weckauf, and a missionary named Ambros Mayer made a partial investigation of it. The entrance is 43 meters (141 feet) wide by 21 meters (68.9 feet) high, and the whole cave has a length of 329 meters (1079 feet). It is of pipe-like shape and has a funnel-shaped opening, caused by a cave-in. It is in a chalk mountain and made by water erosion. The natives had long known of it, but concealed its exist- ence from the whites. During the uprising of 1905-06 they used it for a hiding place for thousands, completely baffling the enemy. It contains a spring of fresh water, which gives it additional value as a refuge. Its entrance lies in the primeval forest. Evidence is strong that it has been the habitat of thousands of bats through untold years. It is hoped that funds will be forth- coming to provide for a thorough explora- tion, since this can hardly fail to yield pre- historic remains and antiquities of great interest and value. Hardware Many of the most important buildings in the United § States are equipped with Eizaamm | ocks and Hardware { —for instance, the new City Hall in Chicago, the Custom House in New York, the Congressional Office Building in Washington and many other notable public buildings, as well as thousands of the finest private residences. EGE Locks and Hardware were chosen because of their superior quality, their artistic design and their SAFETY. Moreover, the choice of different hardware patterns offered is very liberal. Send for the Book of Design We will mail you a complimentary copy of this book on request. It shows many designs appropriate to any type of architecture. Colonial Book also free if desired. Address SARGENT & COMPANY 156 Leonard Street NEW YORK : de a soE Ss A ~ Set! — ade Sa ie Builders of New Hicnes —or Remodelers of Old Ones AY we call your attention to the beautiful effects obtainable by the use of Johnson’s Wood Dye for the artistic coloring of hard and soft woods? For finishing in- expensive soft woods—such as pine, fir, cypress, etc., Johnson’s Wood Dye is particularly adapted. By its use you can obtain beautiful, soft rich finishes to harmonize with any color scheme. Johnson’s Wood Dye is not a mere surface stain—but a deep- seated Dye, sinking into the grain of the wood and fixing a deep, rich permanent color. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 14 attractive shades as follows: . 140 Manilla Oak No. 12? Dark Oak No. 110 Bog Oak . 172 Flemish Oak No. 125 Mission Oak lo. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak . 121 Moss Green Pints, 50 cents each I am inter- ested in finishing NVo. 126 Light Oak No. 122 Forest Green y Vo.131 Brown Weathered Oak 1 No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 130 Weathered Oak Using Johnson’s Prepared Wax as a finish over Dye, you secure the soft, subdued luster so much in vogue among artistic builders of the present time. If you will write us the kind of wood you wish to finish we will mail you sample panels of those particular woods finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Wax, that you may see the handsome results ob- tained by the use of our materials. We will also send you copy of our beautifully illustrated booklet, ‘‘ The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.’’ S. C. Johnson & Son ‘* The Wood Finishing Authorities ’’ Racine, Wisconsin, U. S. A. shades of Wood Dye. Please send me sample pan- els together with your Book. Address If you prefer sample bottle Dye in place of panels, give number of shade desired. AH-1 xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1911 ANA My x Be OE OO OTE er : = il III \ alii i Wi hi + HH - pape HIS illustration shows the graceful lines of our Grosvenor type of Enameled Iron Bath. This is but one of many which your plumber can show you —either from his own stock of Mott fixtures or from our Catalogue which he has on file If building or remodeling a bathroom our booklet, MODERN PLUMBING, is of great suggestive value. It contains illustrations of 24 bathrooms equipped with Mott’s Imperial Solid Porcelain and Enameled Iron fixtures; and suggests where each can be used to the best advantage. These bathrooms range in cost from $74. to $3,000. In addition there are helpful hints on tiling and decoration. Sent on request with 4c. to cover postage THE ie [= MOTT IRON WORKS BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Phila- delphia, Detroit. Minneapolis, Wash- ington, St. Louis, New Orleans, 828 KEIG "Y VEARS OF SUPREM. P 9 Denver, San Francisco, San Antonio, z IGHT?} iRS OF SUPREMACY 1911 Atlanta, Seattle, Indianapolis and : ee PANES aoe , Pittsburgh. FIFTH AVE. and SEVENTEENTH ST., NEW YORK CANADA: 138 Bleury St., Montreal HHH) AH | \HIIIII | Ml | TT WNINVIIIIHI Il | III Wi i ) smu Practical Steam and === Hot Water Heating and Ventilation By ALFRED G. KING 402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations Price $3.00 An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, together with the new accellerated Systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ afprentices, architects and builders. This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in text, diagrams and illustrations. I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON aratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimes wine VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work, XV. Hot-Water Appliances, XVI. Greenhouse Heating. Evin Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous Meatirg. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot. Sots feating. XXIL Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. Vv. erature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. xxvii Re ules, Tables and Useful Information. Valuable Data and Tables Used for Entimating, Installing and Testing of Seam and Hat- Weur =n Ventilating Apparatus are Given MUNN & COMPANY, INC. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY ng trees, shrubs, fruits and house pianist $4, 0 Large Barrel, Freight prepaid East of Missouri River, cash with order. Apply Now The Pulverized Manure Co., 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Illinois Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE PASCO eNO FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO | NB PONIES An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inex- pensive to keep, Highest type. Complete outfits. Satis- faction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue free, BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. Ww, Markham, Va. The Schilling Press ———jitiitiprs BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25th ST.. NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. SoLe Manuracturers »» NEW HAVEN, CONN. . ou 3 Housewives ‘this creat Stepsaver in serving meals. Onetrip with Wheel Tray sets table, Another completely Clears it. This table on wheels moves easily anywhere you wantit. Height 31lin. Re- movable oval trays, 23 in. by 28 in. and 21 In. by 26 In, - extra heavy stee]. 8 in. rubber tire wheels. Gloss black sepa finisb. Price $10, express prepaid. $12 to Pacific Coast. Write for circular and learn its convenience. WHEEL-TRAY CO., 435 F West 61st Place, Chicago The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. $2 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Com- plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti- cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. January, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV =k NEW BOOKS | ORNAMENTAL CONCRETE WitHoutT Mo_ps. By A. A. Houghton. New York: Norman W. Henley Publishing Com- pany, 1910. 16mo.; 132 pp. Price, $2: This book treats of the forming of con- crete objects in cement by the means of tem- plates. This method is not new, as it in- volves practically the same methods as used for years in running plaster moldings, center pieces, etc. It has also been ex- plained in detail, in “Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture,” by Ralph C. Davison, published by Munn & Co. The use of templates in concrete work is good for certain classes of work, but the field is limited, inasmuch as plain surfaces only can be produced; that is, no bas-relief work can be reproduced, such as is possible with either glue or plaster molds. This work contains 124 pages, including thirty full- page line drawings, and twenty chapters, many of which are only from one to three pages in length. Several of these chapters are superfluous, inasmuch as they only re- peat dimensions which are clearly shown in the illustrations. The larger portion of the work treats of the various architectural orders rather than of how to produce con- crete ornaments. If as much space was de- voted to the proper ingredients to use in the concrete mixture, and the proper pro- portions to use in the same, as well as to the all-important question of curing the casts— points which have not been touched on at all—the work would be of more practical use to those for whom, the author states, it is intended, as there are very few who understand the great importance of the proper mixtures to use, cr the time and methods to be used for producing a per- fectly cured cast. The proofreading could be improved on, also the index is not above reproach, as for example the reference to Crazing, page 23. The circular states: “The process of making ornamental con- crete without molds has long been a secret and is now given for the first time in this practical book.” This statement is mislead- ing and not warranted by the facts. There is no secret about this process. IraLIANn HicGHways anp Byways FROM A Moror Car. By Francis Miltoun. Boston: L. C. Page & Co., 1910. 12mo.; 380 pp. Price, $3. The author has written a number of books dealing with travel in Europe. Among his other writings are “Rambles on the Riviera,’ “Rambles in Normandy,” “Rambles in Brittany,’ etc. The present volume contains a number of illustrations from the pen and brush of Blanche McManus. The maps are particularly valuable, as they are on a good scale and give the distances in kilometers. The book is printed on a delicately tinted paper, and it is appropriately bound. PATTERN MAKING. By H. Willard. Chi- cago: Popular Mechanics Company, 1910. 12mo.; 214 pp. Price, $1. This book contains chapters on core mak- ing and molding. It is written by a practi- cal pattern maker of long years’ experience. The information given appears to be of a very practical nature, and the book will un- doubtedly prove of value. The sight of the fire gives an added sense of warmth that is always grateful. OAR MAO Wi REC » -YOUR LAWN NEEDS ROLLING T fertile seed and soil without frequent rolling. roots in touch with the life-giving earth beneath. The fireplace framed by a W ood Mantel gives a homelike cheerful tone to the room that nothing else can. Our Factory Built Wood Mantels are made with the same care and are as finely finished as high gradefurniture. You can buy Wood Mantels suited to every architectural style, and to every pocket book, or have special designs made to order at slightly increased cost. Many helpful hints to home builders and house owners are found in our booklet Why Weod Mantels? It is yours on request. Address Wood Mantel Manufacturers’ Association H. T. BENNETT, Secretary Room 1218 State Life Building, Indianapolis, Ind. = —— i hick velvety lawns cannot be produced from even the most The top soil must be kept firm to hold the grass DUNHAM ROLLERS patented have roller bearings and carbon steel axles, as used in automobile construction. This makes the Dunham Rollers 44°% easier to operate than others not made under the Dunham patents. Our book “THE PROPER CARE OF LAWNS,” explains the methods followed by landscape gardeners in making sleek, velvety lawns. Sent free on request. Write To-day. THE DUNHAM COMPANY, 434.462 First Ave., Berea, O. Largest Manufacturers in the World of Land Rollers Soil Pulverizers and Packers for all Purposes Eastern Office, THE DUNHAM CO., 6 Albany St., Dept. B, N. Y. City Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOR@SIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND oR CATALOGUES No Delay to Get the Clothes Dry On Wash Day When using the “CHICAGO-FRANCIS” Combined Clothes Dryer and Laundry Stove A Modern Residence Laundry Room showing installation of ““CH1cAGo-Francis”’ Dryer and Laundry Stove Clothes are dried without extra expense as the waste heat from laundry stove dries the clothes. Can furnish stove suitable for burning wood, coal or gas. Dries the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. Especially adapted for use in Resi- dences, Apartment Buildings and Institutions. All Dryers are built to order in various sizes and can be made to fit almost any laundry room. Write today for descriptive circular and our handsomely illustrated No. E. 12 catalog. Address nearest office. CHICAGO DRYER CO. DEPT. E. 385 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. DRYER M’F’G. CO. DE PT. E. 204 E. 26th St., New York City OWN A MOTOR? Before buying a new radiator write for our price on a new square tube El Arco radiator guaranteed to fit the car and to cool the motor. BUILDING AN AERO? Radiators for Aeroplanes and dirigibles carried in stock or made to order in two days. We repair and re-tube radiators. El Arco Radiator 6 East 3lst Street, N. Y. Go: JOHN DAVEY FATHER TREE SURGERY e j Give the trees a chance to live in health {J f and beauty. If they die because you fail I to protect and succor them, more years fj than are your lot will be required to re- f place them. The saving of trees is the business and the profession of the Davey Tree Experts. # John Davey, Father of Tree Surgery, is f their teacher and their guarantor. A Beautiful Free Booklet will be sent you if you have a number A of trees, either shade or fruit. How many \ trees have you?) What kinds? Where located? Tell us this when writing. | Our men are working in the South for the winter, between eastern ff Texas and Virginian. Write today. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc. 121 Ash Street KENT, OHIO @ A very interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola, can be had free on request. Ask for Catalogue A-27. Hartmann-Sanders Co. (goes Elston and Webster Avenues - CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY 29° 0} Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Luv @ Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use. 5c. 1 pkg. Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, . . 5 5 5 05c. 1 pkg. Sweet Peas, Extra Choice Mixed, . . 10 packages sent for 25¢ in coin. Our new 1911 Catalogue, more proteeyy illustrated than ever, is just out. copy to you for the asking. J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, 42 Elim St., Marblehead, Mass. Take off yourHat:¢.. y § eV ERS F.E.Myers& Bro. 505 Ub W ( BARE BOO) Ashiand, Ohie wey ORIENTAL RUGS ILLEY BOSTON 5S PARK ST. NEW YORK 228 FIFTH AVE. BOOK 30 ILLUSTRATIONS ‘SO¢ PROTECT your floors and floor coveringsfrominjury. Also beau- lify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co. U. S. Factory and Glass Plant, - Menasha, Wiscunsin. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. | WANT THE MAN who knows good archi- : ture to send for “HOMES OF CHARACTER” A choice collection of designs of over # 40 houses, bungalows and cottages— 4 $1,000 to $10,000. Allmew, practi- cal plans, with concise descriptions and cost of plan for each house. Just the book you want if you intend to build. $1 prepaid. Sample pages 2c JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect, 1246 Williamson Building, Cleveland, Ohio ACBETH makes over three thousand styles of Electric Light Shades and Globes, and a Lamp Chimney for every size burner. Catalogue free. Address MACBETH, Pittsburgh. t Wall Coverings A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- tects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illus- trations showing the latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS EXTRACT FROM PREFACE HE author has endeavored to include characteristic designs in vogue to- day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of ap- plying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical re- quirements of commercial life. The au- thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK CANDIES OF RARE QUALITY “MY: FAVORITES” NOTTED CHOCOLATES ONLY of the sc! r Highest sea MS Candy Depends Scientifically | its Fitness Blended are Used for Gift Making Sold by our Sales Agents Everywhere in Three Sizes $100-50¢-25¢ National Photo- Engraving Company @ Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative- Purposes :-: :: Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" 14-16-18 Reade St., New York ree EY PH ONE, 1322 THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical mannet—also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms _ tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. NVIVE eer “CONTINUOUS ha pe nas A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - -New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. ‘Fireproofing Departments: ~ ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK Washington: Rosslyn Supply Co.,, Colorado Bldg. San Francisco: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg. Chicago: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River St. Seattle, Wash.: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building Buffalo, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. Joist angers Should always be used around stairway wells and wherever a beam abuts its support. Dee eee LANE BROS. CO. (Mone) SQUGHKERPSIE. N.Y. LETTS GASES TINSEL TEN TT TT - es Ee ee eset ae pith nt alg : ¥ i — : 4,¢% - fe . : we e é Kl NWAY In the purchase of a plano, consider permanency. The | teinway reputation for | : 4 permanency of tone, beauty and workmanship has been - maintained through four successive generations of the | Steinway family. There i exists no other such record. , | | Steinway sl Vertegrand la: : ye | le c A characteristic Steinway | WAN | ie achievement. Constructed | 1 LL : to produce in. a plano of | upright form the same ~ means of musical expres~ | sion that has always indi~ | Ls | vidualized the Steinway i | “a Grand—“An Upright | | ai 7 Piano of Grand Value.” |. = | al - Price $550, in Ebonized Case aoaageearianaantanneneaenenans =ind CAA Re CEES SEES ss ote te NEE EE ETT EP TEETER — ae ee iil!” The name of the Steinway dealer nearest you, together with illustrated literature, will be sent = upon request and mention of this magazine. STEINWAY & SONS STEINWAY HALL 107 and 109 East 14th Street, New York Subway Express Station at the Door. a (00 | , eres AS\> Sane NG w \Z - Vol. VIII. Ww, | 2 le quanto ae ( ( Muh \ A\ & N iW a ESTED CRATES OLE T LD A TREK TY 33 VATS Z) Inc., MES a os We AM alae af pg i Ws 7: | cae: NON As pe Funts Fine Furnrrure | Os Sy, So Perfect and So Peerless iG as sy @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine Hf ; * 5 rather than expense. Willard” or Banjo Clock, Our advance exhibit of Spring and Summer Styles gives time for care- and several other kinds ful study of individual requirements in order that artistic results may be had 7 at the lowest possible cost. Spring and Summer Styles How well the Summer home is furnished is a matter of wise selection 5 Early inspection and consultation with our experts (involving no obliga- @ If your local jeweler does tion) assures not sell our clocks, send direct Economy and Satisfaction for our new illustrated catalog. During this Month: Material reductions on discontinued designs and incomplete suites. Every piece guaranteed by the Flint Trademark. Waltham Clock Co. Ee ces ee Geo. C. Funt Co. Waltham, Massachusetts $ 43-47 West 23°ST. ~—- 24-28 West 24" Sp Special Offer—$13-° Value for $7>° American Estates and Gardens ee FERREE 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed. Large Quarto, 11x 13% Inches. @ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great Our Special Offer a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which @ The price of this book is $10.00. have been introduced into this country, as being We are offering a limited number of specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- copies, together with one year’s sub- scription to American Homes and can country life. Gardens, the price of which is $3.00, q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown a total value of $13.00, for $7.50 may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few for the two, transportation charges have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and prepaid. As we are offering only a for that reason special attention has been given to limited number of copies on these reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and liberal terms, we would advise that rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can orders be sent at once, before the supply of the book is exhausted. be obtained of learning how the favored few live. @ The building of the great homes of America has necessarily involved the development of their sur- rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present volume. This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 10%4x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK February, 1911 HESS sum LOCKER E only modern Sanitary Steel Steel Medicine Cabinet or Locker. Handsome beveled mirror door. Snow white, everlasting enamel,insideandout. FOR-YOUR BATHROOM Costs less than wood and is better. Should be in every bathroom. Is dust, germ and vermin proof and easily cleaned with warm water. Made in four styles and three sizes. Price $7.00 and up. Send for illustrated circular. HESS, 926L Tacoma Blid., Chicago Makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Sold on Approval. Free Booklet. FRANCIS HOWARD New Studios 5 W. 28th St., N. Y. EXPERT Send 10 cents for Booklet FONTS VASES BENCHES PEDESTALS COUNTRY HOMES may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dangers, .by using the Automatic ECONOMY GAS MACHINE ————EEeEEEeeee Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel: light- ed the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, “The Economy Way. ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Manufacturers 437 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y. 12 h.p. $219. 36 h.p. $560. for Farm, Shop or Irrigating 3 to 36h.p. Always in stock. Gasoline or Kerosene. Big catalog. Big factory behind it. Agents lianted Gray Motor Co.,500 Lieb St., Detroit, Mich “LIVING- MUSIC-BOX”’ Live arrival U.S. PATENT No. 50853 This is a epecial breed of Canaries at Corecess 7 Rog raised for usin Germany. They are office © actually educated to sing, having x yp gone through a regular school of Eaaran ) training. Singentirelydifferentfrom teed. other cavaries. Their Hollow-Rolls, Trills, Bel) and Nightingale notes are wonderfully sweet and clear. Words cannot describe the softness and sweet- ness oftheirsong. They sing during the day as well as evenings. sy Guaranteed Singers eS Z Sold on 5 days trial. OTHER VARIETIES $2.50 UP. Mr. Geo. Badie, Lebanon Jct. Ky., writes Oct. 12, 710 ““Your Cauary is well named the, ‘‘Living Music Box” as he sings continously and has the soft- est, sweetest notes of any canary I ever heard.”’ Thousands of similar letters on file. Beware of Imitations. Inside wing must be stamped “Living Music Box”’ or not genuine. Illustrated Cauary Booklet, Catalog and Proofs Free. Max Geisler Bird Co., Dep.N-1 Omaha, Neb. Largest Bird and Pet Animal house in world. Est. 1888 | WANT THE MAN who knows cet pi to send for HOMES OF CHARACTER, which con- tains over 40 choice designs of houses, cottages and bungalows. All new, practical plans with concise descrip- tions and accurate cost estimates. Com- piled by an architect of ability and 20 years experience in building homes. $1 prepaid. Sample pages 2c. JOHN HENRY NEWSON Cleveland, Ohio CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS JOIST HANGE a i 2 ris Don’t cut away the timbers or depend on flimsy spiking. We make hangers adapted to all conditions. More than 100 stock sizes. Consult your architect. Then let us figure on the requirements. LANE, BROTHERS COMPANY 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. a B Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. The V: vane “of e Nitae Every Morgan Door leaving our factory has the word “MORGAN” stamped on it. This is for the protection of the house builder, who is then assured that he is getting Morgan Doors if he sees the name. Are epecified by all up-to-date caer es and are furnished by dealers who do not substitute. If the door you get has not the word “MORGAN” on it. it is not a Morgan Door. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strons, and built of several layers of wood with grain runnine in opposite directions. Shrinking, warping or swell- ing impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard wood—Birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white Oak, brown Ash, Mahogany, etc. Highest standard of door quality. Very best for Residences, Apart- ments, Offices, Bungalows or any building. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. You can have Morgan Doors if you specify and insist. In our new book—‘‘The Door Beautiful”’— Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of archite sctur interior or exterior use, and it is why they are the best and che apes for permanent satisfaction in any buildin ae A copy will be sent on request. Architects:—Deseniptive details of Mo wrgan Do may be found in Sweet’s Index, pages 794 and 79 Morgan Company, Dept. A. Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Ma. Handled by Dealers who do not substitute. BURLINGTON SCREEN DOORS @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows open. pockets. Any Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. = one = —— = Zz j ee ee eS ed veges! BLINDS | Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no wood, any finish. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO..339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 ROOFS ELECTRIC INCUBATORS AND BROODERS FLOORS gros By Frederick E. Ward heated incubator over those making use of kerosene lamps and the like are so great, that as rapidly as cheap, re- liable power service becomes extended throughout the country, the hatching of eggs by electricity bids fair to displace all other methods. An electric incubator can be built at home by anybody who can make a wooden box and connect up ordinary incandescent lamps. Such a machine has not only the merit of being low in first cost, but of hav- ing nothing about it to wear out, and of being capable of giving perfect results with very little attention on the part of the operator. The photographs show the.first incubator built by the author, while the drawings give details of construction, drawn to scale, for a similar machine of fifty eggs capacity. Briefly, it consists of an outer and an inner wooden box, having the space between them packed with wool or other heat- retaining material. The eggs are placed in the inner box, which is warmed with in- candescent lamps controlled by a thermo- stat. qT advantages of an_ electrically- A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. THE BROODER WITHOUT BOTTOM ILEATER The boxes should be made of well-sea- Clinton Wire Cloth Company g soned lumber about %-inch thick. Old soap boxes furnish good material for the pur- CLINTON, MASS. pose. For a fifty-egg machine the inner box needs to be 11 inches wide, 17 inches long, and 11 inches deep, all inside meas- Fireproofing Departments: urements. This box is to be left without Ceilings| ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK tions | 22), toR_oF bottom except a slatted bottom Washington: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Bldg. San Francisco: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg. alacyal ey 4 9 Chicago: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River St. Seattle, Wash.: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building which 1s to be put in half way down, thus Buffalo, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. dividing the box into an upper and a lower compartment of equal depth. On top of the slats a double thickness of woolen blanket should be tacked, to support the eggs, as shown in Fig. 1. Eight electric lamps are required for the heating units. These are best mounted in porcelain receptacles as shown, four lamps in each compartment near its top. For 110-volt circuits use ordinary 16-candle- power carbon filament lamps made for 230 volts, and connect them as shown ja the diagram, where REG means regula'ur, or thermostat, and SS are snap switches to be placed on the outside, as shown in one of the photographs. It is hardly worth while to make a ther- mostat at home when one suitable for the purpose can be bought from a dealer in electrical supplies for about seventy-five cents; but it is not a difficult job for any- body who takes pleasure in doing such work. Fig. 2 shows a simple form of ther- mostat attached directly to the inside of the egg chamber. The essential part consists of two strips of metal riveted together as shown in the top view at A. Zinc and ~- steel (or iron) make the most effective combination; brass and steel (or iron) come next. The strips should be about Mineral Wool Free \ as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. i Sample and ay A House Lined with i CURRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Minera! Wool Co. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY VERTICAL SECTION. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii rebruary, 1911 1-32 inch thick, 8 inches long, 1 inch wide at the large end and 3-8 inch at the narrow end. They may be fastened together with nfteen or twenty small rivets, or by solder- - ing them all around the edges. The two metals thus joined tend to curl and uncurl with changes in temperature, by reason of their different rates of expansion. The large end should be clamped to a block, B, as shown, and a contact screw should be provided at C, with a stiff wire, D, at- tached to serve as a screwdriver for adjust- PO Coy \s wees = = i Z\.— asm = A Tempting Dessert Delicacy to serve in place of pies or pastry, and at luncheons or afternoon teas. BROODER is 1s : 12 Datetatatatafetoditetatituttali tail “SCALE 10 VOLT SUPPLY UPPER LOWER OMPART MENT |COMPARTMENT FIG. 1—CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS AND WIR- ING DIAGRAM OF THE INCUBATOR AND BROODER Nabisco Sugar Wafers make instant appeal to everybody. ment from the outside. It is highly impor- tant that the tip of the screw C and the spot on the zinc (or brass) strip be pro- tected by pieces of plantinum soldered on, or the electric arc which appears between them will soon destroy them. If the ther- mostat be purchased as advised, it must be mounted in such a position that the ad- They have a charm wholly their own, and are exquisitely superior to any other confection delicacy ever produced. In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins CHOCOLATE ~TOKENS — NABISCO-like justing screw can be reached by a screw- driver or wire passing in from the outside through small holes in the boxes. The inner and outer boxes are to be joined at the bottom by a passageway or tunnel three inches high, forming a door- way through which chicks may enter the brooding compartment under the egg cham- ber. The inner and outer boxes are to be joined near the top by three or four half- inch tubes for ventilation, as shown at /, Fig. 2. The top of the egg chamber is best cov- ered over with a pane of glass, on top of which is laid a small pillow or several thicknesses of folded blanket. Next in importance to the thermostat comes the choice of a thermometer and its proper location in the egg chamber, where the bulb should occupy a central po- INCUBATOR WITH BROODING COMPARTMENT OPEN sition rather than one near a corner. It is not necessary to buy an expensive instru- ment in order to get accuracy; an ordinary ten-cent thermometer can be made to serve the purpose very well provided that its scale be properly corrected or “calibrated.” This may be easily accomplished by taking advantage of the fact that the internal tem- perature of a normal, healthy person is just a trifle over 98 degrees. Tie a thread around the tube at the place marked 98 degrees on the scale, and remove the goodness enclosed in a shell of rich chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY Finest Bath and Sea Pool in America There is nothing as beneficial as the right sort of bathing, and here at The Chamberlin is every sort of bath known to science. A magnificent, ceramic-tiled sea-pool, 40 x 70 feet, radiant with sunlight, perfectly ventilated and filled with pure, fresh sea water. Air and water are always of an agreeable temperature and a competent swimming master isincharge. Then there are medical baths of every descrip- tion. Nauheim baths, electric cabinets, massage and tonic baths and Dr. Baruch’s System. These are particularly recommended for Insomnia, Nervousness, Rheumatism, Gout and kindred disorders. Our resident physician is an expert in hydrotherapy, and all baths are given under his supervision, RET ct EES leita Su Every Facility for Rest and Recreation is found at The Chamberlin. The hotel is magnificently appointed, yet homelike. It is located rig}.t at the water's edge, overlocking Hampton Readsand Fortress Monroe. You will enjoy the invigorating air, the unusual surround- ings, the excellent cooking—real old Southern ““nmammy”™ kind—and you may indulge in your favorite recreation— Golf,Tennis, Fishing, Boating, Bathing, Automobiling, ete. For further information énd interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all tourist bureaus or transportation offices, or address me personally. GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. Pa New York Office, 1122 Broadway tal = a a eS — = — ee) iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 lighting fixtures and the other features of a room omplete harmony between is imperative if the height of the decorators art 1s to be achieved. In this connection the ideas embodied in Enos Fixtures often go far toward solv- ing perplexing questions that confront the home i When buying ; ighting fixtures builder. look for the Enos : Trade Mark. Before making a final fore erates decision with regard to of fine material and careful work- lighting fixtures write us. corre We will refer you to our ofhice suggestions rraot/ \ saan, nearest where will find worth considering. you well Catalogue No. 22 sent on request THE ENOS COMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures 7th AVENUE & 16th STREET, NEW YORK Salesrooms: 36 West 37th St., New York are now made THREAD and THRUM seamless in any width up to oye el ob RUGS and any length; in any color or colorcombination, 65 regular shades—any othershading made to match. Send for color card. Arnold, Constable & Co., Selling Agts., NewYork Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. “Youn choose the colors, we'll make the rug.’ Home Owners Use NO FREEZING Ns TRACE mann Underground Garbage Receiver The only practical sani- tary way of disposing of garbage; sets deep in the ground and the _ buckets last for years. Opens with the foot and saves the hand from frost bite race waee outwears pounds lighter. FIREPROOF Yrace ware Underfloor Refuse Receiver Stores your ashes out of sight and makes the work of attending furnace easy. Sold Direct. Send for circular on each. C,H. Stephenson, Mfr., 7? fers Stree Before the Furnace. tube irom ‘fhe scale; to which it 1s usually attached by two bits of wire. Place the bulb sunder the tongue vat the side of the mouth and hold it un- til the mercury column does not rise any higher. By observing with a mirror it will then be possible to determine quite accu- rately how much in error the marking on the scale may be, and due allowance for this can then be made by assuming that the same error is present at the 104-degree mark, which is the temperature of incuba- tion. PLAN VIEW WITH COVER REMOVED The machine must be run a few days be- fore any eggs are put in, to give time for carefully adjusting the thermostat. When the latter is once set right it will automat- ically maintain the heat at the desired point by “winking” the lamps on and off. With all eight lamps in use, the apparatus as described is capable of maintaining a tem- perature of 104 degree in the egg chamber when the room temperature is only 40 de- grees. If used in a warmer room, one pair of the lamps in the lower compartment may be turned off by means of the snap switch. Kach pair of 230-volt 16-candle-power carbon lamps, connected in series as shown, will, when used on a 110-volt circuit, burn with a dull red glow scarcely visible in day- light, and with a power consumption of 5'2 watts. eer Eg” is the largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the World I> For full particulars see page 173 of Burpee’s Annual for 1911 mailed free to all who garden either for pleasure or profit. A bright new book for 1911, fully illustrated, it tells the plain truth about the Best ‘‘ SEEDS THAT GRow” and is of vital in- terest to all who would have the choicest Vegetables and most beautiful Flowers. Do you want a copy? this Magazine and—write TO-DAY. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia If so, kindly name individual Libraries Easily Re-Arranged The construction of Globe “Wernicke Bookcases by sections makes it easy to re-arrange them artistically when- ever new furniture is added to a room, ora different setting is desired. | SlobeWernicke Elastic Bookcases come in every desired style and finish of oak and mahogany to harmonize with any scheme of interior decoration. Exact dup- licate sections always obtainable, at uniform prices—freight prepaid everywhere. “The World’s Best Books” contains noted scholars’ lists of the 5, 10, 25, 50 and: 100 “‘best books’? for children and adults. ““Of untold value in choosing hooks for a library.”? — Minneapolis Journal. Send the ccupon below for this unique book, also the GlobeWernicke Bookcase catalogue, and brochure ‘‘Individual Li- braries,’’ both beautifully illustrated. * The Globe Wernicke Ca, oe Dept. A.H. e | Cincinnati, U.S. A. | The 4 5 sag : Globe-Wernicke Co.. Dept. AH. Cincinnati, U.S.A. Please send me “‘ The Worlc’s Best Books,”’ also your 1911 catalog. voluiiec My library contains (Continued from page iv) eggs remaining in warmer spots than others. Increasing ventilation is required as in- cubation progresses. Practically no air is needed the first two weeks, and all ventil- ating tubes and the door to the lower com- partment may be kept closed with consid- erable economy in power. During the third week, and especially when the hatch is due, plenty of air must be allowed to filter up through the eggs, as shown by the arrows in! Bigs el No moisture is required during the first week. Thereafter it is best to keep a small pan of water in the lower compartment and a small glassful in the egg chamber. These serve to prevent excessive evapora- tion of the eggs by too dry air. The newly hatched chicks should not be taken out or fed until they are 24 hours old. After this they may be kept in the lower compartment for a time provided all four lamps be kept burning. As soon as convenient, however, they should be trans- ferred to an electric brooder, two forms of which will now be described. The first and simpler form, suitable for use only in a well warmed room, is shown in one of the photographs. It consists of a small wooden table carrying on its under side four lamps, and surrounded by a fringe made by slitting a piece of old blan- ket. For use on the ground or where the floor is not warm, bottom heat must be provided as shown in Fig. 1. Forty chicks can be accommodated by such a brooder having the following dimensions: Top, 14 by 20 inches, supported by legs 8 inches long. Bottom box of wood, 14 by 20 inches out- side, 3 inches deep inside. Box-cover of tin 14 by 20 inches, protected on top by a sheet of paper and a sprinkling of sand. Four lamps are required in the upper part, one near each corner, and two in the bottom heater. It will be observed in the diagram of connections that the last lamps are connected in parallel and not in series, which causes them to burn more brightly. The power consumption is 33 watts, or about twice what is required for hatching. No thermostat or thermometer is needed for the brooder. It will not get too warm if the current is left on all the time. Where any form of bottom heater, such as that just described. is used it is neces- sary to either sink it level with the floor or to provide sloping boards by means of which the chicks may get up on the raised platform. The following bill gives a list of all ma- terials needed and their present retail prices: For the Incubator. 8 230-volt 16-candle-power carbon laiapsis toe ieee a eee ee $1.60 8 porcelain receptacles: 4.225. --- 48 1 cthermpstatjossee 2 set eee ne) il thermometers .-.15 eee eee .10 2 single-pole snap switches ..... 30 1 piece 12x18 window glass .... .20 Lumber eters. 02% eee eee 15 Ota tes 3k- Scheer $3.58 For the Brooder. 6 230-volt 16-candle-power carbon LAIST.) oh. Sea ee eee $1.20 6 porcelain teceptacies, <5 2ae = .36 L.sheet d4x20) dani Vie a ieee 15 Lumber, 6ic Se) See eee 05 Seo tall lyse Ral eae en eee $1.76 The foregoing bill does not include the shaded lamp and fixtures shown on the out- side of the incubator in Figs. 1 and 2. An ordinary 4-candle-power lamp so mounted is a convenience, but not essential. = BRISTOL’S Recording Thermometers For recording outdoor atmospheric tempera- tures. Recording Instrument installed indoors. Sensitive bulb in weather protecting lattice bcx located outdoors. Write for Bulletin No. 124 giving full in- formation, THE BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn. @ A very interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola, can be had free on request. Ask for Catalogue A-27. Hartmann-Sanders Co. Elston and Webster Avenues - CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY <9, Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns q Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use. SAVE ‘Lhey aretoo precious to loce. Get expert tree sur- geons to examine them and advise you as to what they YOU need. Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers. Our free booklets explain tree surgery, the science founded by TREES John Davey. Write for them. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., 122 Ash St., Kent, Ohio. SEWAGE DISPOSAL Without Sewers FOR COUNTRY HOMES Illustrated Booklet Free Address Ashley House Sewage Disposal Co. 115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, Ill. @ld English Garden Seata Soe catalogue NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO., Beverly, Mass. February, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil ee —_ A Woman’s Two-Year-Old Hardy Garden from Reeds An interesting paper by Adaline Thomson tells a pleas- ing story as to how she planned and planted a hardy garden. It is a paper worth while reading, for it in- timately describes how the work was undertaken and carried on. The illustrations of the plan and photo- graphic views interestingly present the results. ‘There are many helpful suggestions given which ought to be of service to any one who wishes to develop a similar garden. Chickens and the Camera Young animals are always amusing and interesting to watch, but the most wonderful for their age, perhaps, is the very young chicken. Miss Carine Cadby tells a pleasing story of how chickens, with only twenty-four hours behind them, can be found very busy playing the game of life in a manner somewhat difficult for the handler of the camera. The Small Suburban Home The rapid progress which has been made in the build- ing of the small suburban home, during the past few years, is not more marked than is represented’ in the article by Paul Thurston. The subject is properly il- lustrated by engravings showing plans and elevations of the exteriors. A study of these small houses will be of interest to the home-seeker, for the many prac- tical suggestions offered in them. Appropriate Mottoes for the Home House mottoes add in a delightful way to the ap- pearance and interest of the home, and when they are carefully selected and applied, they prove a very attractive feature from the standpoint of art. An ex- cellent paper has been prepared by Dorothy Tuke Priestman, and it is properly provided with mottoes in the text and illustrated with photographic views showing various rooms and the appropriate positions for the maxims. Perennials from Seeds in One Season It is surprising how few are the flower lovers of small experience who know that perennials can be had with- out buying, begging, or exchanging plants. Miss Gladys Hyatt Sinclair will tell you in her paper, of the large number of perennials that can be grown from seeds as readily as from annuals. If this can be ac- complished, there is no reason why any one should not have a garden that will be a delight from early spring till the late autumn. Planting Table for 1911 This tabulation of planting was made by Charles Downing Lay, a landscape architect who is familiar with the subject. It will aid in perfecting all forms of planting, from the growing of trees, shrubs, and flowers to the more prosaic planting of the vegetable American Homes and Gardens for March garden. It will be of great service to the amateur and will be helpful as a guide in planning and planting for this season’s work. Furniture of Our Forefathers There is no more fascinating study than that of the antique, and when a paper on the subject is prepared by an authority so competent as Esther Singleton, it requires no extended introduction. The readers of this magazine may be assured that the article contains something worth knowing about furniture. Miss Sin- gleton’s subject for this issue is ““The Early Georgian Furniture,’ and gives an_ historical résumé of the period, with illustrations. Poultry House This is the season of the year when one should plan his poultry house. A practical paper on the subject has been prepared by James G. Newland, telling by text and also by detail illustrations how it may be planned and how it may be put together. Seeds and Their Planting In planting, the most important things to consider are the selection of the proper kinds of seeds and the correct way in which to place them. A timely and practical paper has been written by Mr. Robert Con- over, on the subject, which is illustrated by many ex- cellent engravings. Planning and Planting a Small Water-Garden There is nothing so pleasing and delightful in a coun- try place as water, and a water-garden is the most fas- cinating solution of the use of various streams and brooks which are so frequently found going to waste in the average country districts. Martha Haskell Clark has prepared a plan, and a paper on the subject which will assist those who have the opportunity to de- velop a water-garden. Planting a Frost-Defying Flower Garden Much energy is wasted in sowing tender annuals that are rendered unsightly by the first frosts, when the same time might be given to planting a bed of frost- proof ones that will keep their decorative qualities long after sensitive varieties have been destroyed. I. M. Angell will tell you by his paper and by illustrations how this may be attained. How to Make a Japanese Lantern of Concrete The Japanese stone lantern is an ornament which no garden in Japan would be considered complete without. Ralph C. Davison shows by detail drawings and by illustrations in his article, how an amateur can dupli- cate a Japanese lantern in concrete with a result that is quite equal to the antique stone, and one that is now finding increasing favor in the American garden. Vii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 Every person building a new house or remodeling an old one should pay particular attention to selection of the hardware—no detail is of more importance as Building hardware and locks bearing the os name ee” are the result of years a“ of persistent endeavor toward ultimate per- fection. ‘They represent all that is best in quality of materials, skilled workmanship, durability and SAFETY, while the patterns are of the highest type of artistic design. : Many of the most important buildings in the United States are equipped with Locks and Hardware—for instance, the new City Hall in Chicago, the Custom House in New York, the Congressional Office Building in Washington and many other notable public buildings as well as thousands of the finest private residences. Locks and Hardware not only add to the beauty of any house, but increase its selling value as well. The line is allanclusrve— there is nothing in building hardware needs that we do not supply. LOCK S—Famous for HARDWARE— Quality hard- their security. For dwellings, hotels, ware in every respect. Numerous designs for office buildings, etc. The Easy Spring every style of house, for every period of archi- Principle makes them smootheworking, tecture, and every pattem frue to the school yet long-wearng and SAFE. from which it is derived. The Book of Desighs i ree portrays faithfully a large number of the most artistic patterns and gives information that everyone who contemplates building should have. Wnite for a complimentary copy to-day. If interested in the Colonial, mention the fact, and we will include our Colonial Book. SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard Street, New York. AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year Tue Portico AT THE FRONT OF THE HOUSE ‘“Firston’’—The Country Seat of R. R. Colgate, Esq., at Sharon, Connecticut THE FASCINATION OF AN ENGLISH COTTAGE By Joy Wheeler Dow 50 “THe Lone PIne’’—A Bungalow Built of Hollow Tile By Mabel Tuke Priestman 52 Duck FARMING AS AN INDUSTRY By Howland Gasper 53 THE HANDICRAFTSMAN—Lemonade Well for a Winter Party By A. R.Van derVeer 56 Quaint DEssERT DISHES By Percy Collins 57 SoME MopDERN Homes By Paul Thurston 59 AN INDOOR GARDEN OF Moss AND FERN By S. Leonard Bastin 62 FLOWER PRESERVATION FURNITURE OF OUR FOREFATHERS—Dutch Furniture. I. EXAMPLES OF THE MODERN AMERICAN HOME DECORATIONS AND FURNISHINGS FOR THE HomMe—China Embroidery. .By Monica Bastin House oF Mr. E. A. CRENSHAW, GERMANTOWN, PA. House oF Mr. H. M. GARDINER, WILMETTE, ILL. GARDEN NOTES By Charles Downing Lay 8 SINGER BP SaUN CE aL AOUSE ie. Wag sg vs Pork tue s ba ee es By Gladys Hyatt Sinclair Cacti THar WILL FLOWER By William R. Ludlow Six NEGLECTED FRuIr TREES By E. P. Powell The Editor’s Note Book Correspondence AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for March New Books Electric Incubators and Brooders Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH; Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. igtibmatnigeemmemmmreren een ete a tt " re a The portico at the front of the house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VIII February, 191 | Number 2 “Filston’ The Country Seat of R. R. Colgate, Esq., at Sharon, Connecticut }O one who has visited the hills of western Connecticut needs to be reminded of their charm. They are beautiful enough to hold their own with scenery of similar S. class anywhere, and they are lovely Sao -3@) enough to be always cherished by those who live among them, or who seek them out as havens of rest and recreation. One may indeed wonder why Sharon should have developed into a pros- perous village, but one cannot be surprised that Mr. Col- gate should have chosen it as a site for his country home. Here he is a landed proprietor, with an estate of about three hundred acres and occupying a site that is so generally beautiful that one has but to look from any window of his house to see as much of nature beauty as one may need for any day in a lifetime of search for it. Here, on the hillside, with the land sloping down below him on every side, and then rising up beyond in the distance, with hills and hills moving off into a seemingly endless dis- tance, he has built a fair white house. Mr. J. R. Crom- Victory of Samathrace at the end of the water garden 44 well of New York was its architect, and Mr. Hamilton Bell of the same city was the design- er of the gardens, which were planted by a Boston firm. Each artist contri- buted the full quota of his ability to the creation of a_not- able dwelling and the embellishment of its environment. The “house: is\ a stately structure of white cement stucco, designed in the Ital- ian style, in a sym- metrical and some- what formal man- ner yet forming a truly splendid cen- ter to the superb gardens by which it is surrounded and which are really an integral part of the house itself. It 1s three stories in height, with a cen- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The terrace il 4 rs | ij Wee Hi ‘The main front of the house February, 1911 tral colonnade of Corinthian columns on the entrance front. On either side is a monu- mental window, spacious in width, two stories in height and surmounted by an elliptical arch in the second _ story. On the sides are two-story porches, in the center aot each front, for the house is completely exposed, and _pre- sents four handsome fronts to the main points of the com- pass. ‘On the left or west this is a double . porch, the lower serving as an outdoor sitting- room, while the up- per fulfills a similar function in connec- tion with the bed- rooms of the sec- ond floor. On the right or east the February, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 45 The gardener’s cottage space of the lower porch is enclosed and forms a part of the service rooms; but the upper porch is ‘here iden- tical with that on the west. The angles between these porches and the corners of the main front are occupied by terraces, floored with white marble, and enclosed with balustrades. The colonnade is not only the chief feature of the entrance front, but is the chief ornamental feature of the whole exterior. The doorway in the center has a narrow window on each side, and is enclosed with a magnificent wrought iron grille, glazed within; there are wrought iron lanterns here, held out on sturdy arms of the same material. The awnings are green and white, and above is a loggia- like treatment, of an elliptical arch supported on Roman Doric columns, a triple opening with small upper circles AAAAAAAAA ae ‘3 The garage At the base of the great steps are two in the spandrels. On each side of the immense vases of white marble. door is a superb Retinospora Obtusa Nana, an ex- traordinary fine pair of specimen trees, said to be the most perfect in America. There are smaller plants in small marble jardiniéres here and similar decorations in the bases of the upper central windows. All the windows, it may be added, have outer Venetian blinds, painted green, and those of the second story have wrought iron base grilles. The roof is flat, with a balustrade all around. ta While structurally this facade encloses the front of the house, it is equally valuable as a screen to the sumptuous garden spread before it. In the nomenclature of ‘‘Filston”’ this is the south garden. It is rectangular in form, and wide The north garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 The formal garden ; The balustrade and steps water garden February, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ewe ceamentie” Re The entrance to the north front ee pate Steps ascend to the terrace at the front of the house GARDENS February, 1911 February, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AMERICAN HOMES AND The approach to the house e balustrade and stey ler The south garden Steps as he bi d ps to the water garden ie I teps ascend to the terrace at the fr 48 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 The two outer pergolas are square in plan and are identical in design; the third, nearer the house, is rectangular in form and slightly smaller in dimensions. The floral planting here is very beautiful and abundant. Immediately within the en- closing balustrade is a brilliant border of the gayest description. It is edged through- out, as are all the beds, with enonymus radi- cans. Then comes a lusty border of sedums, and then a brilliant growth of phlox, be- hind which are Farquhar roses, mallows, hardy asters and the like. At the south border the planting is changed, and consists of heuchera, achille, lythium, bocchina and other free blooming plants. Stone steps, in the center of the four sides, lead to the sunken garden, the slopes and surface of which are grassed, with paths around the beds. WHere, in the midst, is a colossal vase of white marble; here, also, are two great circular flower beds, bordered The walk along the terrace with Japanese barberry and thickly planted enough to embrace space for an ambulatory completely around the house. You drive right into it in approaching the house, after traversing a considerable roadway from the public highway, for the house and the gardens stand some distance back and are completely sequestrated from the outer boundaries. The entrance is_ effected through two lofty piers, amply covered with ampelopsis and with outer groups of evergreens. It is a sunken garden, with a lowered central space and outer borders and boundaries at the normal level of the house grounds. It is actually built out upon the hillside and is supported by stone walls that, at the farthest end, rise some distance above the outer land. It is enclosed within balustrades, all of which are overgrown with ampelopsis, rambler roses, clematis and other vines. Of the four corners, one is occupied by the carriage entrance; the other three are provided with trellised pergolas, built of wood, and stained green. Each is surmounted with a trellised dome. The tea house on the terrace with peonies, platycidiums, hyacinths , and several other flowers. On _ each side are two beds of formal shape, bordered as before, and planted with achille, Japan- ese iris and larkspur. The balustrade is dismissed, in the cen- ter of the southerly side, for a flight of steps. The pedestals here carry stone urns, and the lower wall is almost com- pletely veiled with an ampelopsis that rises to the summit of the balustrade where it is overlaid with a crown of scented clematis. The pergolas here are decked with boxes and tubs of hydrangeas, while the one near- est the house has evergreens in marble buckets standing in trellised niches. There are no trees to overhang or enclose this garden, but some fine groups are just be- yond it, giving beautiful notes of green and shade, and leaving the open space within free to the growing warmth of the un terrupted sun. The stable The west garden is of a wholly different February, 1911 type, and is actually a water garden. It lies imme- diately below the west porch to which, in a sense, it is a pendant. The balustrade makes way, here, for steps, which descend in two separate flights on the right and the left. The pedestals at the top are surmounted by great cement vases, while a larger, flatter one in the middle is filled with water. The design is extremely fine and effec- tive, the walls that support the upper path being faced with blocks against which is the double stairway. There are boxed hydrangeas on the intermediate platforms, and small white marble vases on the lowest pedestals. In the center is the pool, a majestic body of water, filling the whole of the garden space save for the paths. Water lilies bloom peacefully on its stilled surface, and at the far end is a full sized reproduction in cement of the Victory of Samathrace, on either side of which, and before it, are great palms and elephant’s ears growing in pots, a novel use of this familiar plant, and a highly effective one. As in the other gardens there is an enclosing balustrade, overgrown and overhung with the usual ampelopsis. All of this fine arrangement is built out on a high retaining wall, that carries the garden well out over the sloping hillside. The steps on the right, as you descend, lead to a pergola which is built along the west wall of the north garden It ‘is constructed of wood, with square piers and rafters >> i a f- ee “ol is e st is, therefore, reasonable to have the kitchen on the best side of the house. If the maid were a constant and objec- tionable factor I should be inclined to put the kitchen on the northwest corner where she would not be always overseeing the intimate pleasures of the family as they go on in the garden. The front of the place is kept simple, with straight roads and paths, no showy planting of tender annuals, but a few good shrubs such as Berberis Thunbergii to soften the cor- ners and give a little sense of seclusion in an unfenced lot. The driveway to the kitchen door is for the marketmen and the coal and ice. Visitors will, of course, use the path to the piazza. If it were necessary to have a garage, then the living- room might be in the southeast corner, and the kitchen in the northwest corner, with the path leading to the kitchen door. The road would remain as it is, being prolonged to the garage in the southeast corner of the place, and would be the foot and vehicle entrance to the front door. A gar- age in the southwest corner would be more out of the way, but a road on that side does not seem advisable. At the rear of the house I have tried to combine beauty Bist be. statins pin Oe as So Sr 1 LET _ currants. February, 1911 and utility in an old fashioned garden for flowers and vegetables. The grass path is straight from the front door to the oak. tree back of the garden, and when the door is opened one will see a charming vista of flower bordered path ending at the seat around the oak tree. Such a garden as this, if it is properly managed, is large enough to supply all the vegetables which the family living in this bungalow will be able to use, with the possible ex- ception of potatoes. It should have an asparagus bed, a strawberry bed, and along the east fence some raspberries, blackberries and On the other sides the hedge had better be of privet. Back of the garden and surrounding the oak tree are planted apples, pears, and peaches, which will do nicely while the oak tree is small, say for fifty years or so. The grass terrace between the house and the garden will be the tea lawn and out-door living-room. A bed of per- ennials should separate it from the garden. The earth removed in excavating for the cellar will be used for the terrace at the west of the house. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 77 The planting of the vegetable garden should be con- sidered with care. If the tall things, such as lima beans, corn and peas, are put at the sides of the garden and the low ones like radishes, peppers, dwarf peas and string beans near the walk, the effect will be very good. Many vegetable plants are, of course, very beautiful and all have a happy appeal to several of our senses. Correspondents who wish suggestions about locating their houses and about the development of their grounds will do well to send very precise descriptions of their needs and desires. ‘Thus we should like to know by whom the work of the house is done, how much labor is to be em- ployed in the upkeep of the place, how many animals and what kinds are to be kept, and whether there is an auto- mobile or not. Information about the surrounding property is much de- sired as it is important to know jwhether it must be hidden or whether it is a pleasing part of the landscape. The nature of the soil, the owner’s taste in gardening, his pleasures while at home, the number of his friends and children all have a bearing on the problem. Starting Seeds in the House By Gladys Hyatt Sinclair Ronahes turn eagerly ee and the days before active outdoor growing begins seem to lag with heavy feet. But if annuals are to be part of our garden this year we can gratify our itch for mother earth at once—for it is time annual seeds were started in the house for early bloom. The season for annuals, north of Mason and Dixon’s line, is short at best. Many, especially the choicer sorts, must be started indoors or in a hotbed to get anything like their value. Of these, the best are asters, salvia (scarlet sage), cosmos, penstemon, lobelia, verbenas, annual pinks, Mar- guerite carnations, single dahlias and stocks. A few of these are not annuals, strictly speaking, but are best treated as annuals, in places having short summers. Of the sturdier sorts that will stand more hardship, Drummonds phlox, petunias, clarkia, annual chrysanthe- mums, four o’clocks, zinnias, scabiosa and snapdragon, with Japanese variegated hop and Cobea scandens for vines, can all be given four weeks more of garden life by start- ing them in the house about the fifteenth of March. Nothing elaborate as to place or equipment is necessary. A kitchen or cool room upstairs is better than an over- heated living-room. Light cellar windows are excellent places. Any exposure will do, but south windows should be shaded when the sun shines very hot through them. Boxes or pans three or four inches deep, with holes for drainage, are better than pots and easier to manage. If “potting soil” or clay loam is used, add sand to it if pos- sible, to keep it from caking. Good rich garden soil will grow all ordinary seeds well. Make the soil fine and press it down hard. Sow the seeds a quarter to half an inch apart, in rows two inches apart. Cover with a quarter inch of earth or sand and spray very carefully with warm water. I like a whisk broom as a sprayer. Lay newspapers, flannel or burlap on the earth to. keep the moisture in. When the seeds begin to sprout remove the covering and sprinkle thoroughly with warm water whenever the earth looks dry. It is not wise to use bottom heat with seeds that must live in an ordinary room, unless they are more than ten days coming up. A slow, steady, sturdy growth is what we want, not swift, spindling, weak plants ready too soon to go outdoors and die. If a cold snap or some accident chills the room and the earth seems really cold, warm it gradually and return to its place. Turn the boxes every second or third day, so that the little plants may grow straight. When the second or true leaves are well developed the plants will usually be crowded. Soak the earth well, lift each plant carefully and transfer it to another box or to a tiny pot. In boxes they can stand from an inch and a half to two inches apart. Set so that about half the stem is buried, and press the earth firmly about each plant. Some of the swifter-growing ones may need transplanting again, but most of them will grow on contentedly until the middle or last of May when they will go into the ground and blossom quickly. Many who try raising plants in the house fail because they do not understand that plants, especially baby ones, must have fresh air. They will thrive on air surprisingly cool if it be fresh and clean. Open the window a few minutes each day unless the weather positively forbids. Then open those in an adjoining room, getting clean air without a draft. Plants treated thus will be short and stocky, not tall, loppy and pale. By the first or middle of May, according to the spring, they should go out on the porch or the ground. Set the boxes in a group so that they may be easily covered if cold nights threaten. When danger of frost seems past, transfer the plants to rich ground, on a cloudy day or at a time when the sun is low. Have the earth wet at the roots of the plants and dry on top and they will not wilt. After the first work of planting (which is play because it seems to open the door to spring) only a very few minutes occasionally are required to raise plants in the house; and one is amply repaid by the pleasure of watching their growth and early bloom. 78 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Mammilaria bicasand Phyllocactus flowers February, 1911 A splendid mammilaria Cacti that will Flower By William R. Ludlow Vomiting KF LLATE years there has been a tremendous 4 stimulus given to the cultivation of Cacti owing to a wider knowledge of the in- teresting nature of these plants. Hitherto much of their attractiveness has been held to lie inthe quaint shapes of the specimens; garden books have been careful to point out to the beginner that Cacti only produce their blossoms at rare intervals and only then under the influence of very favorable conditions. ‘The grower of today whilst he ad- mires the strange forms of the succulents is very naturally asking if it is not possible to have a collection of Cacti most of which may be expected to flower with reasonable treatment. ‘The answer is certainly, if in purchasing the examples one is careful to obtain special kinds, known to be regular bloomers, and faithfully follow a line of treat- ment which it is intended to outline in the present article. A goodly number of species which figure on the cata- logue of the Cactus dealer has never been known to flower in captivity, while others cannot be expected to throw bloom until they are of great age. Other kinds will blossom but only at irregular intervals, which may mean a wait of more than a few years. On the other hand there are a large number of sorts which will flower freely every year and sometimes even more often than this if they are really happy in their surroundings. It is these last which it 1s proposed to bring to the notice of the reader in the hope that still more people will be induced to take up the very delightful hobby of Cactus collecting. It can hardly be insisted too often that no great amount of heat is necessary or is even desirable for the Cacti in general cultivation. Of course, none can be really called hardy in the sense that they will flourish out of doors where the winter experienced is of any severity, but the heat re- quired in a glass house need not be more than is necessary to keep the temperature just above freezing point. Still better, nearly all Cacti are most excellent room subjects and in England, where the culture of these plants is fairly gen- eral, some of the finest examples are to be seen in the windows of cottages. There are really no subjects so well fitted to withstand the inevitable dust of the living apart- ment as are these accommodating succulents. For the best results a south window is really a necessity as a very great deal will depend upon the amount of sunshine which the plants receive. One very important point to bear in mind concerning the flowering of Cacti is that it is a grave mistake to put the plants in large pots. A short while ago the writer had brought under his notice a large plant of the Red Phyllocactus ; the owner of this specimen had never been successful in inducing the example to flower. A pot half the size of the one in use was suggested, the advice being duly carried out. The following spring the Phyllocactus developed forty great blooms, each five inches in diameter. The average collection of Cacti will show an indifferent amount of bloom, and more than half the reason is that the pots of the plants are too commodious. Another cause of failure to bloom is to be found in an improper mixture of mold. This, if of a rich moist nature, encourages a very luxuriant growth of the succulent stems and keeps the whole plant in a very green condition. The stems do not ripen properly, and in such a state will never produce Phyllocacti Philicereus Phyllocacti February, 1911! flowers. In an ideal compost for Cre timwtiie te should be very little loam, but plenty of coarse silver sand and a liberal allowance of old mortar or some such ma- Eerie. Give great care to the drainage of every pot. and lets the soil around each plant become quite dry before water is applied. In the winter this may mean that the Cacti will go for months with- out being watered but there is no cause for anxiety; it is natural for most of the species to rest during this season. In the forefront of those Cacti which may be relied upon to flower if proper treatment is accorded to them, are certainly the Phyllocacti. Of late years a large number of magnificent hybrids have been introduced and some of these may be fairly classed as the most showy plants which we possess. A delicate pink variety pos- sessing all the robustness of the com- mon red kind is illustrated, and is yet further to be recommended on account of its rapid growth. A small cutting developed into a good sized plant of flowering size in a couple of years. The number of varieties of which Phyllo- cactus albo superba is the type, are all well worth growing, and present an additional charm in their flowers in that these are sweet scented. One great feature in the culture of Phyllo- cacti is that the plants should be accorded the sunniest possible position which can be accorded to them. It is the habit of these plants to make their growth for the next season after their blossoming time, which usually falls about April or May. It is just at this active period that the specimens should be allowed simply to roast in the sunshine, so that the new shoots may be able to become thoroughly ripened. A rather unpleasant habit observed in some Phyllocacti is that of dropping the buds just as they begin to develop. This tendency may be checked if a little weak liquid fertilizer be administered every three days for a fortnight, just at the time when the buds are emerging from the flattened stems. With careful treatment it is possible to make the Red Phyllocactus bloom in the autumn as well as in the spring; the great feature being that of allowing a maximum amount of sunshine. Perhaps next to the Phyllocacti in their freedom of flowering one should class the Cereus group. The most interesting sections are those which blossom during the hours of darkness, a typical example being the famous “Queen of the Night” (Cereus grandiflorus). The flowers of this class are so very transitory and are only on show at so awkward a time, generally between the hours of about eleven onward to the early hours of the next morning, that most people will probably be more attracted to the Cereus A pink phyllocactus Echinocactus AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 79 which are of more permanent worth. In an accompanying photograph is shown a plant of C. lulvilupinus, an exceed- ingly handsome species which repays the careful cultivator with a wealth of large rose colored blooms. A variety which has smaller but very showy flowers is C. flagelli- formis, commonly known as the Rat’s Tail Cactus from its singular manner of growth. This kind is one of the easiest of all the Cacti to grow and will flower profusely even in a dwelling-room. All the spécies of Cereus like a very light position, and also plenty of ventilation when the air is warm. They can hardly be allowed to become too dry during the winter, at which time their growth is entirely suspended. A curious feature of many Cereuses is their ability to flower under the most adverse conditions. A short while ago the writer was taking some cuttings from a number of specimens, and one of these a well ripened shoot, fell down between two pots. Here it lay unobserved for four or five months until one day attention was directed to it by reason of the fact that it had a large pink bud. This rapidly developed until it expanded fully! All this was accomplished although the shoot had no roots of any sort and was not even planted in the soil. Of late years the very interesting genus of Mammilaria has come into popularity. These are certainly amongst the most interesting of Cacti, their quaint shape and complex arrangement of protective thorns causing them to be peculiarly attractive. In many of the species the flowers are relatively small, but they are often brightly colored and are nearly always produced with great freedom. The M. bocasana kind bears quantities of delicate flesh colored blooms and these as a rule develop in succession so that the speci- men is an object of great beauty for a long while. Another sort which is also illustrated 1s Mammilaria cen- tricirhha, a species which bears good sized flowers of a peculiarly rich shade of carmine. An additional point of value in the Mammilarias is that many of them after blooming time is over develop berry like fruits which quite frequently rival the flowers in the bril- liancy of their coloring. All the Mam- milaria delight in a dry warm atmo- sphere and cannot be grown successfully unless they receive plenty of sunshine. Most of all the Cacti are those plants im- patient of a moist soil, and they will speedily show their resentment by starting to rot in a manner dificult to check. In order to pre- vent such a cal- amity it it well to fill the pots in which they are planted at least half full of crocks and thus ensure a perfect drain- age. This will not matter on ac- count of the roots as all the Mam- milarias are very shallow rooted. A handsome philicereus 80 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 Six Neglected Fruit Trees By E. P. Powell Z (2@AE have half a dozen or more fruits in the ne Uni nited States, capable of general culture, and of which we ought to make a good deal more use. Each one of them is suitable for home consumption in its pres- ent form, while capable of improvement along the lines of cross breeding and I have found improved sorts of native persim- selection. mons in Missouri, Virginia and Indiana, and having pro- cured cions have been able to grow them after grafting in central New York. One of these has come into some notice, and is being propagated by Mr. Munson, of Denni- son, Texas, as the Josephine. It was sent to me by Mr. Miller, the enthusiastic secretary of the Missouri Horti- cultural Society. As a rule our wild persimmons are of little value—containing large seeds and little pulp, but the five or six varieties that I have collected, give delicious fruit. To my surprise I find the tree entirely hardy in northern New York. In Florida we graft the wild sorts to the Japanese introductions, and get magnificent fruit. The government is just now introducing a variety from Manchuria, which is almost seedless and tolerably hardy. I do not think it at all improbable that we have already in this country Japanese or Corean sorts that will prove hardy as far north as Cleveland. If our fruit lovers and home makers would look out for something of this sort, testing half a dozen of the later importations, and grow- ing seedlings, we should soon have throughout the whole North, as a garden fruit, persimmons two to four inches in diameter and most delicious for eating from hand. [ rec- ommend also the trial of this native sort, Josephine. A single tree gives me two bushels or more every year. The tree is about twenty-five feet high when fully grown, and needs only moderate space in the lawn or yard. A small tree, sometimes only a bush in the Middle West, and along the river bottoms as far north as Michigan, gives us a fruit much like a banana in shape, and about half as large. We can grow this tree almost anywhere in the United States, if it is planted in moist land. I have it growing very successfully in Clinton, New York, and find it equally thrifty in Florida—below the frost line. We call it pawpaw, which I think is the Indian name for it. Here again we have to select among trees that vary largely in their fruit. I have one delicious sort from Indiana; its fruit being high flavored and much like clotted cream. The skin is delicate, and long shipments would not be possible. The large seeds are our chief difficulty, and these we can probably remove by scientific culture—propagating from those which have the smallest seeds. The flower of this tree is conspicuous and very interesting, being two inches across and chocolate colored. Every way we have here a beautiful and a profitable fruit that should no longer be overlooked. It grows about twelve to fifteen feet in height, and the foliage closely resembles that of the persimmon. If not disturbed by trimming, the tree inclines to take a weep- ing form. The high bush cranberry is a common name for viburnum opulus. It blossoms in May, in large corymbs of white flowers. The flowers are followed by large bunches of berries, which latter become about half the size of a cran- berry. In summer the color is yellow, but in autumn a rich crimson. I found not many years ago that these berries are an almost perfect substitute for the swamp cranberry of our market. The bush will b grow anywhere on uplands, and is frequently found in choice shrubberies. The fruit, however, has been over- looked, and in the winter has been taken by the pine gros- beak and cedar birds—who are very fond of it. A half dozen well grown bushes would easily supply any family with its winter cranberries—wholesome and of a sprightly flavor. The surplus would be very acceptable to the birds, and for that reason I should recommend planting a few bushes at the rear end of our acres or along the fence lines. The barberry of New England is fairly well understood by our friends who winter in Maine and New Hampshire. The common sort that grows along the roadsides furnishes material for jellies and sauces, and I found in a few cases that selected sorts were grown in yards. I have the English variety, and from that seedlings, which are decidedly pref- erable to the native variations that I have seen growing wild. I do not mention the barberry because it is entirely novel to the American housewife, but because outside of New England I hardly ever have seen it put to any use by housewives. The jelly is sparkling and liked by almost every one. The seeds will, of course, prevent any large use of this fruit as a sauce. The elderberry was not neglected by our early settlers, but of late it has fallen out of use. It is not only one of the most beautiful of our native shrubs in blossom, but the enormous mass of berries is specially "adaptable for pud- dings and pies. The seed is small and smooth, and can be used by those who find strawberries and raspberries injuri- ous. This bush grows ‘rom the northern lines of our terri- tory to the very southern, and Nature seems to say that it is one of her favorites. I name it here because I have come to be very fond of the cooked fruit. I am afraid that the only prejudice against it is just this fact that it is very common. Farmers have looked upon the bush as an in- trusion on their pasture lands. It takes to all sorts of soil, and does not mind wet feet. If you have a swampy spot you can do nothing better than plant elder bushes and pawpaws. I am inclined to put into this list the mulberry, although I am not sure that we can make a success of the better sorts in our Northern States. We can at least grow the Down- ing, which has been so highly praised by Beecher, and the Russian sorts of recent introduction are entirely hardy. Stark Brothers have sent me a white variety. Beside these I find that the birds are bringing seed and dropping them over my acres. The seedlings that spring up vary a good deal in value, and one of them only is worth preserving. There is one draw back. A mulberry tree takes a lot of room, so that we cannot afford to give a poor sort space in our garden. It makes a splendid lawn tree, full of shade, and always calling the birds into its arms. In Florida there is no fruit to surpass the mulberry, giving loads of large fine berries, which are equally attractive to fowls, birds, animals and men. The mocking bird sits in the limbs and scolds you for taking your share. I think that by persistent growth of seedlings we can get some of these large fruited sorts started that are entirely hardy- I should like to add one or two more fruits which are ‘almost always neglected by the common home builder, but will omit them for the present. We have here at least half a dozen sorts of delicious and wholesome fruits, that ought to be in the common home gardens all across the coun- try, and from the Lakes to the Gulf. February, 1911 ~ Hints for the Housewife By MARGARET SEXTON 66 AN you tell me of some way by C which I can cook prunes and eliminate the sweetness asks a constant reader of Connecticut.”’—W. ne. Many people object to the sweetness of prunes and yet object to the watery quality of the juice if the sugar is left out. A. skillful cook declares that the very proper way to cook prunes is in a bean pot in the oven. Wash and soak the prunes and put them in the pot with a very little water. Let them cook slowly for a long time. They will be found de- licious, thick, and rich without any of the objectionable sweetness. Thinly sliced lemon from which the seeds have been removed is a great addition if cooled with the prunes. “A subscriber writes from Chicago and asks what can be done with the discolora- tion which takes place on the wall paper where pictures are continually hung in one position. Any information on this subject will be highly appreciated.”—M. ASR: Plain papers on the walls are most ar- tistic and are a fine background for pic- tures or ornaments of any kind, but wher- ever a picture has been placed, if left there for any length of time, the paper will be marked. It either changes color or else becomes discolored from a collec- tion of dust behind them. This trouble can be remedied in a very simple way by driving a brass-headed tack into each lower corner of the picture frame. In this way the picture will be held out from the wall a fraction of an irich, thus allow- ing the air to circulate and so prevent ugly marks on the paper. “T would like to have a recipe for mak- ing a good lemonade. Will you kindly supply me with one?”—J. D. S. Grate one juicy pineapple. Add the juice of six lemons, two cupfuls of granulated sugar and one pint of water. Boil the sugar and water until it becomes a syrup. When cold add the juice of the lemons «and the grated pineapple. Add a quart and a pint of Apollinaris water and a small bottle of Maraschino cherries for flavor. “Will you kindly give some informa- tion to a young mother as to how to bathe a baby?’”—J. C. B. All too frequently the infant is fright- ened by its first bath, and for a long time after it is difficult to bathe the baby with- out its becoming alarmed and screaming and crying, which is most distressing. If when the easily-frightened baby is put in the bath a Turkish towel is first laid on your Jap and the baby laid on that, take all four corners together, two in one hand and two in the other, lift the towel gently and lower the baby into the water in the tub, and it will feel so secure in the towel and the water will steal so gently about it that the baby will not be frightened, it will soon become accustomed to the bath and be delighted when it is bathed.’ If this All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. w CORRESPONDE The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter | pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. is done a great deal of trouble will be saved and the baby spared a fright. “Will you please inform me how I can keep the juice from boiling out of a fruit pie into the oven.”—L. A. T. A fruit pie will often boil over or leak its juice and so make a very dirty oven, besides wasting much that is very good im “the pie. - his can) be prevented it, when you are making pies, you put tiny pieces of butter around the outer edge of the crust before putting on the upper crust. The size of the pieces need not be larger than good-sized peas. These small lumps of butter should be placed two or three inches apart and about two inches back from the edge of the crust. The butter not only keeps the pie from boil- ing over, but adds to the richness of the flavor of it. A small piece of butter put in rice when it is boiling, or, in fact, any cereal, will keep it from boiling over. “T am very anxious to learn of some simple means by which I can keep dishes of food on ice from slipping off.”—M. Pe IRG ay All housekeepers have experienced how difficult a thing it is to place on the top of the ice with perfect surety of its stay- ing there, dishes of dessert or any other thing placed in dishes and necessary to keep on the ice. A very simple remedy for this trouble is to place a newspaper on the ice first; that is, one or two sheets of the newspaper, and then the dishes on top of that. There need be no fear of tipping if this is done. “T would like to know of a simple method to use in cleaning gloves, cloth, and lace.’—Miss Ellen. After thoroughly cleaning in the usual way with gasoline, rinse the gloves well in a dish of perfectly clean gasoline. While they are still wet sprinkle thickly with talcum powder and rub all over the gloves. Rub them until they are per- fectly dry and the powder has fallen from them. Then pull in shape and hang in the air. In cleaning any kind of cloth or lace with gasoline a soiled ring will not be left if talcum powder is sprinkled over the spot while wet and allowed to remain until the article is dry, when it brushes off very easily. Unless the gar- ment or article to be cleaned is immersed in gasoline it is almost a surety that a large disfiguring ring will be left where the gasoline leaves off. “Can you tell me of some way by which cold butter can be cut without crumb- ling ?”—E. H. W. During the cold winter weather it is often very hard to cut butter in even slices or small cubes. There is a very simple and easy way of doing this. It consists in folding a piece of the waxed paper in which the butter is wrapped over the knife, and with the knife covered in this way, the butter may be cut with- out breaking or crumbling it. The result will be nice, smooth cubes of butter, with no ragged edges. (Continued on page xi) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix NCE | a Garden Work About the Home By CHARLES DOWNING LAY F, L. The long terrace wall 6-8 feet high, which is such an eyesore to you now, can be made very useful and at the same time beautiful without, planting vines. There are many trees such as dwarf apples, pears, peaches, and apricots which can be trained to a wall when it is prop- erly wired. he wire on the wall should be not more than 12 or 18 inches apart, about an inch out from the face of the wall. They should be supported on expan- sion bolts every 6 or 8 feet. The trees when bought should be cut back to a single whip leaving spurs with one bud where it is desired to start a new bunch going along the wires. All other shoots must be cut off as soon as they appear, sending the strength of the plants into the horizon- tal limbs which are trained to the wires. The trees that can be used in this way are Magnolia stellata, M. Soulangeana or umbellata, and varieties of the last two. Amelanchior might easily be trained to such a wall and of course. Pyrus coronnaria, Tonensis, Parkmanni, and the apple. All in time become too large. Any of the Cra- taegus family which has ornamental fruit may be used in this way and give a stun- ning effect in winter. Cercis canadensis can be trained to the wall without difficulty, and will flower soon after the shade bush. Eleagnus longipes, which has rather in- conspicuous yellow flowers but has pretty and edible fruit in July, can also be used. Some care must be taken in planting the mixed lot of shrubs, unless you choose one or two of them, to avoid a spotty effect, which will be produced more by the tex- ture of the foliage than by the actual color. All these trees are perfectly hardy, and are not likely to suffer from-late spring frosts, even if the wall faces the south, which we have often pointed out is the worst 2xpo- sure in this country. We should be glad if you would take photographs of the wall every season for a year or two as we should like ‘to illustrate it in AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS. M shown on the sketch submitted * seems, if I may be permitted the use of slang, “too noisy” for the rest of the place, although the main entrance gate in comparison to the front door of the house should be a little dressy, just as we dress up the front door. It is a great mis- take to have it outdo the rest of the place in grandeur. Neither should it be an iso- lated enrichment with the boundaries, but it should be played up. to for some distance on either side by some slight ornamentation as a boundary wall. It may be that you can subdue the effect of your entrance by different planting, and have the iron work and masonry as it is. A mixture of spruce and red leaved Japanese maple is not what a cultivated person would select for thi entrance, L. C. Your idea of a gateway as x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 Have fresh Try it for cauliflower = lettuce JU Hot- Pee and Cold-frames ema Pe; Treat your plants la Use Sunlight Do Double Glass Sash Sanlight Double Gass Sash never needs covering What you can have ahead of time It eliminates all the getting outinthecold, wet Cabbage, cauliflower, beets, tomatoes, peppers and snow tohandleheavy boardsandsoggy mats. and sweet potatoes toset out early in their season The double layer of glass does it —and ready toeat when such things are luxuries. Between thet wo layersisa layero‘ dry still air AGENTS WANTED. Write for proposition. —% inch thick—a perfect non-conductor of heat Send for these two books orcold. The beds are never covered and plants One is our free catalog containing freight pre- get all the light from sun-up to sun-down—grow paid and guaranteed delivery proposition. The faster and sturdier for this reason. other isa book on hot-bedsand cold-frames by Gi d Prof. Massey an authority onthesubject. It assis held in place without putty. tells how to make and care for the beds: what Can't work loose. Easily replaced. and when to plant, 4cinstamps brings both. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., Inc. 2SuisWiceeey- Grow tomato =x You need plants these books The late Mark Twain’s House Roof stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains A handsomely stained roof increases the beauty of a house fifty per cent., and staining costs fifty per cent. less than painting. Our stains are made of Creosote, which is the best wood preservative known. Their coloring effects are beautiful enough for the finest mansion, and their cost is low enough for the cheapest rough board camp. Send for samples of Moss Greens, Tile Reds, Silver Grays, and Bark Browns, with catalogue. Free SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers STORMFIELD 131 Milk Street, - . Boston, Mass. The late Mark Twatn’s Restdence (Stained with Cabot's Agents at all Ce ntral Points. Single Stains). Howells & Stokes, Architects, N.Y. No Delay to Get the Clothes Dry On Wash Day When using the “CHICAGO-FRANCIS” Combined Clothes Dryer and Laundry Stove Clothes are dried without extra expense as the waste heat from laundry stove dries the clothes. Can furnish stove suitable for burning wood, coal or gas. Dries the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. Especially adapted for use in_Resi- dences, Apartment Buildings and Institutions. All Dryers are built to order in various sizes and can be made to fit almost any laundry room. Write today for descriptive circular and our handsomely illustrated No. E. 12 catalog. Address nearest office. CHICAGO DRYER CO. Be DRYER M’F’G. CO. A elas Re oP DEPT. E. DEPT. E. Be a eee ee Dor tataniaere. | 38s Wabash Aves Chilcazo. II 204 E. 26th St., New York City Structural& Orval Steel A FLOOR&SIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND oR CATALOGUES WEIGHTED WITH WATER Think of it—A lawn roller whose weight can be adjusted to the condition of your lawn, garden or tennis court. : \ A Light Machine for the soft, wet spring lawn All 1N ON€ +4 Heavy Machine for the dry, hard summer lawn (4 Heavier Machine for the driveway or tennis court Why buy one of the old style iron or cement fixed-weight rollers that is generally too heavy or too light todo your lawn the most good, paying for two or three hundred pounds of useless metal—and freight on it as well—when less money will buy a better and more efficient machine in the “Anyweight” Water Ballast Lawn Roller Remember that a difference of 50 pounds in the weight ofa roller may mean success or ruin to your lawn—thata half ton machine will spoil it in early spring as sure as fate, whilea two hundred pound roller is absolutely use- less later in the season. \y) If you desire a fine, soft, springy turf of deep green instead of a coarse, .*/ dead looking patch of grass, use an ‘Any weight’ : ‘The “Anyweight” Water Ballast Roller is built in 3 sizes, all of 24 inch diameter and of 24, 27 and 32inch widths, The machine shown here (our smallest) weighs but 115 lbs. empty, 470 lbs. when completely filled with , water; or 727 lbs, with sand, The othersizes weigh 124 and 132 1bs. empty and from that ‘“‘anyweight”’’ you require up to halfaton. Filled in3 seconds— emptied inajifly. Fully protected by our patents. Runs easy— Lasts alifetime. This Book Sent Free—We will mail you post- paid, our valuable and interesting book on “The Care of the Lawn,” together with folder about the “‘Anyweight.’’ Write us today—save money—save your lawn. WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT COMPANY Box 9, Monroe, Michigan HYBRIDIZING AND IMPROVEMENT BY SELECTION L. of Connecticut is planning to try L some experiments in hybridization this summer. It will take a great deal of care and patience to get any results, and even then it may be disappointing. True hybridizing to be of any value should be carefully recorded, so that the parentage of a seedling is known to a certainty. In most cases it is better to do the work under glass because the conditions are controlled more easily. The process is a simple one, and all that is necessary is to cut through the petals of an unopened flower which is to serve as the female parent and remove the stamens with a scalpel and apply to the stigma the pollen taken on a camels-hair brush from another flower which is to be the male par- ent. The fertilized flower must then be tied up in a bag. There will be many dis- appointments because many flowers, even of the same species, are frequently sterile. A more promising field for experiment is that of the improvement of species by selection. In this work great numbers of plants are grown. The seeds of those showing strongly marked or desirable char- acteristics are saved for future planting. T believe. that much could be done in this way with many of our native plants, espe- cially those which show considerable varia- tion in a wild state. Thus Viola pedata, which is ordinarily small and blue, has a form called bicolor—two blue petals and three pale blue petals. I think it would be easy to increase the size of this form, and it might very probably have its delicate fragrance strengthened. Such a result is much to be desired, for the flower would far surpass the ordinary violet. Other na- tives which suggest themselves for im- provement by selection are the blood root and trillium as to size and lasting auali- ties; the prickley pear, the silenes, and the phloxes. The work should be done on a large scale. A thousand plants the first vear might give some results but five thousand would be better. In a thousand seedlings there might be three or four worth saving. Seeds and plants should both be saved so that in a couple of years there might be another to choose from again. In four or five years one might in this way get an improved form that would be unusual and also a valuable addition to our gardens. HE season of fresh mushrooms is near at hand and the likelihood of poison- ing through ignorance in gather- ing lends interest to a report recently made to the Académie des Sciences by the French scientists, MM. Radias and Sartory. Selecting two of the most dangerous va- rieties of mushrooms, the amanita phal- loides and the amanita mappa, for experi- ment, an extract of their toxic principle was made. Intra-peritoneal injections of this virus were then made, using rabbits for the experiments, in the manner usual when preparing antitoxin serums. At the end of four months the rabbits were found to be completely immunized, and could eat the most poisonous mushrooms without ill effect. This indicates that persons suffer- ing from mushroom poisoning may be cured by a serum prepared in a manner similar to that of the diphtheria and rabies antitoxins. . February, 1911 Write for Our Free Book on Home Refrigeration It tells you how to select the Home Re- frigerator — how to know the good from the poor — how to keep a Refrigerator sweet and sanitary— how your food can be properly protected and preserved—how to keep down ice bills—lots of things u should know rr } perore selecting any Always sold DIRECT Refrigerator. and at Factory Prices. It also tells all about Cash or Monthly Payments The Lifetime Refrigerator with food compartments made in one piece of solid, un- breakable White Porcelain Ware, over an inch thick, with every corner rounded—no cracks or crevices anywhere, and as easy to keep clean as a china bowl—howit differs from other so-called ‘‘ porcelain ” refrigerators. The leading hos- pitals use the “Monroe ” exclusively and it isfound today in a large majority of the very best homes. e “Monroe”? is never sold in stores, but direct from the factory to you on our liberal trial offer, Freight Brepoid. We are making a radical departure Easy Payments this year from our rule of all cash with order and sell the “Monroe” on our liberal credit terms to all desiring to buy that way. Just say, “Send Monroe Book,” on a postal card and it will go to you by nextmail. (9) Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P., Cincinnati, O. i} Time to Think how you are going to beautify the lawn. Time to decide and get your order in for KALAKA The Wizard Lawn Producer Soil and Moisture all that’s needed A mixture of selected grass seed and animal manure, dried, purified and in highly concen- trated forms. All foreign matter absolutely eliminated; mixing is done by machinery; the proportions exact and based on the experience of expert horticulturists. Affords the positive means by which any one, anywhere, can have green grass and a rugged turf. Cheaper, goes further than other seeds. 5 1b. box shipped express prepaid East of Missouri River on receipt of $1.00. ; Order at once. Let us send instructive booklet, ‘‘How to Grow a Lawn.’’ FREE. The Kalaka Co. 825 Exchange Avenue Chicago, III. ‘flomeLike Comfort! and Beauly You cannot realize the satisfy- ing comfort and beauty of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs —they not only add to the refinement and the home-like appearance but great- ly enhance the value and importance of your property. Hardy Perennials earefully graduated in color, bloom and height, will supply this necessary finish and make your grounds gay with flowers and the beautiful colorings of nature, from early Spring till late in Autumn. Catalog Containing Landscape Plans Free It is the only catalog published containing lands- cape plans and tables telling you how and what to plant to obtain the best and most pleasingresults. Weber . prices are always reasonable. H. J. Weber & Sons, Nursery, Missouri , St. Louis County ff AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi (Continued from page ix) “IT am renewing the shades in my house. Can you tell me what use I can make of the old ones?”—Mrs. W. J. D. There is scarcely a household but that has a goodly quantity of old shades in its possession, seemingly there is nothing that can be done with them. The utili- tarian says that shades that have outlived their usefulness as protection at the win- dows can be used, and to good advantage, as ironing board covers. A shade that is to be used for this purpose should be soaked for a short time in cold water. When it has become softened in this way, put it on to boil in cold water and shaved-up soap. When the shade has come to a boil, wash it in the usual way. When dried, iron smooth and tack on the board. Shades make most durable covers, and: it is such a satisfaction to put to good use something which apparently is useless. A last suggestion to the above is to use brass-headed tacks with which to tack the covering on the board, they are so easily removed when re-covering is necessary. They are not apt to rust and because of the smooth heads of brass, tacks are not likely to tear dainty clothing which is put over the ironing board. One of our subscribers writes and asks for a recipe for something cool and refreshing to serve at an evening com- pany, when a more substantial supper is not desired. Grape fruit sherbet is delicious and most refreshing to serve in the evening when guests have become hot and flushed over an exciting game of “bridge.” Roll and press the grape fruit so as to soften it, then cut in half. Extract the meat and juice free from every bit of seed or any of the bitter part. Put this in a bowl and allow one pound of sugar to every pint of the grape fruit and juice. Err on the side of too much sugar rather than not enough. Stir thoroughly and pour into the freezer. Freeze like mousse, that is, “mushy,” but not firm like ice cream. A little rum is a great addition, and can be put in just before freezing. “T admire the beautiful candle-finished mahogany, but only those to whom the care of it falls know how difficult a mat- ter it is to dust and leave no lint upon the furniture. Can you suggest some method to use to eliminate this difficulty? —R. A. D. If in future the first dusting is done with a very slightly dampened clean cheese cloth duster, and then gone over with a duster of Turkey red, the result will be all that is desired, the Turkey red having oil in it during the process of manufacture, retains a portion of it, which is sufficient to gather up all the lint left by cheese cloth. But the cheese cloth and the Turkey red should be kept very clean. “A request for information about what use can be made of a discarded linen hat came from a reader in Vermont.’—R. ihe dels If you have an old discarded linen eye- let embroidery hat, don’t throw it away. The brim will make a bertha for a chemise or a yoke for a child’s dress; a rounding yoke, of course. To make the yoke fit take up the shoulder seams, open the round and fasten in the back. The crown will make cuffs. With a very lit- tle bit of work you can make an eyelet work collar. Thus your old, despised hat will take on a new and lovely form, and you will have the consciousness of havy- ing practiced a very nice economy. The F replace is the central feature of the There’s nothing more room. attractive than a fireplace framed in an appropriate Wood Mantel It adds far more than its cost to the artistic appearance of the room and the selling value of the house. If you are interested in house building or decorating, we want you to have a copy of our booklet “Why Wood Mantels?” Full of hints and illustrations. For a free copy, address Wood Mantel Manufacturers’ Assn. H. .T. BENNETT, Secretary Room 1218 State Life Building, Indianapolis, Ind. \e Bes : < “THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR BXPBCTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. Low Price Liberal Terms C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. XII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 WOLFF PLUMBING GOODS FIFTY -SIX YEARS OF QUALITY The renting agent calls atten- tion to the WOLFF PLUMBING FIXTURES as his best guarantee to the prospective tenant of the high grade of the plumbing system—in- deed, the type of the whole build- ings is many times inferred from the use of WOLFF material throughout. When renters be- come builders, the worries from ‘‘assembled’’ plumbing, con- trasted with the perfect service of the all- built - by - one- house WOLFF plumbing, makes it easy for the architect to use WOLFF specifications. 9 ESTABLISHED 1855 L. Wolff Manu- facturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 W. Lake St., Chicago DENVER TRENTON Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago BRANCH OFFICES: ST. LOUIS, Mo., 2210-2212 PINE STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CaL., MONADNOCK BUILDING MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 615 NORTHWESTERN BUILDING OMAHA, NEB., 1116-1118 DOUGLAS STREET CLEVELAND, On10, BUILDERS EXCHANGE WASHINGTON, D.C., 327 BOND BUILDING KANSAS CITY, Mo., 1204 SCARRETT BUILDING BUFFAI.O, N. Y., 61 MANCHE*TER PLACE CINCINNATI, On10, 506 Lyric BUILDING JUST PUBLISHED Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. AC Price, $2.50, Postpaid CEMEN Te USERS). HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. E-verything of value to the concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its thorough treatment of the subject: Hydraulic. V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and Testing. IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone. XI. Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks. XVIII. Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. _XXI. Concrete Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII. Concrete Arches and Abutments. XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work. XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. XXXII. Con- crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. Concrete for Ornamentation. XXXV. Con- crete. Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. XXXVII. Water- proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and_Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York A NEW VIEW OF THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS HE still unsolved problem of the mi- gration of birds has recently given further incentive to interesting inves- tigation. The most salient feature of the latter is the origin of the paths of passage. To the directions of migration which birds of passage take when going to and from their winter quarters they hold with most obstinate faithfulness, even when such directions describe greatly circuit- ous routes, making every effort to reach very far abodes for the winter, though equally favorable places may be found much nearer to their brooding regions. So it happens that delicate singers, and weak flyers like the quail, do not shrink from flight over great stretches of sea, and that summer-birds of the high north wander regularly every year in the fall to the extreme south, to the Cape and to Australia. Precise proof of the tenacity with which many birds cling to their old paths of migration is afforded by the conduct of the white wagtail, for in- stance. While in winter it passes to the very interior of Africa, it may be found in summer anywhere in Europe and Asia, even in Greenland. From the latter country it never wanders in winter into North America, which, of course, can be reached with greater ease, but always follows the old road over which it first must have reached Greenland, that is, by way of Iceland, the Faroe Islands and England, which were once connected with one another by bridges of land as were still at the time of the Deluge, the three peninsulas of Southern Europe with Africa. In these habits may be ob- served phenomena of heredity in defer- ence to which, during the winter, every individual seeks, if not the locality which was the site of its origin, at least the regions that border the line of migration along which its progenitors either ex- panded their sites of residence’ or founded new homes. As migratory birds usually, from preference, pass from one station of rest to another and therefore must follow, in a measure, the outlines of the country, it may be assumed that when they wander across the ocean, though elsewhere paths of migration overland are at their disposal, they fol- low in accordance with old habit lines of coast which disappeared long ago. In this way may be explained the fact that the hawk that broods in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria passes the winter in India and South Africa. Likewise wander the hoopoe and the crookbilled strand-snipe to Madagascar, while both are unknown in Africa south of the Equator. They follow the long chain of islands along which the migration of their ancestors toward the southwest occurred, and we can assume nothing other than that this migration was effected along a northern territorial con- nection, it may be by way of Syria and Arabia, along the eastern coast of the black continent, or perhaps along the chain of islands, which, as relics of a former continent, might have been pres- ent in far greater number in the past than at the present day. It is, therefore, a valid conclusion that in the course of time the flight overland, over a path of bridges of land, has become a migration across the ocean. The birds, however, did not choose the bridges of land espe- cially to avoid passage across the sea and ocean; rather their path of migration was the result of the fact that the former ter- inte February, 1911 Avia teANeerOwro, AND GARDENS @ xiii ritorial connection afforded them the sole possibility of scattering themselves toward the north or of a retreat to the south. Their lines of passage of the pres- ent day, consequently, are nothing other than the stupendously old paths which the birds have followed from time im- memorial. IMMUNITY IN PLANTS INCE plants have nothing that cor- S responds with the blood corpuscles, the conclusion was reached by many botanists that the principle of phagocytosis had no application to the plant world. But now the French botan- ist, Prof. Noél Bernard, of the University »of Caen, has pointed out an obvious an- alogy between the process described by Metchnikoff and a process that takes place in certain plants. Most of the diseases of higher plants are caused, not by bacteria or proto- zoans, but by filamentous fungi, related to the molds. In the roots or under- ground stems of many of the higher plants—including all the species of the orchid family, the heath family, and many others—there is always present a colony of such fungi. The presence of the fungus does not seem to cause pre- manent injury to the plant, but does not seem to be of any use to the plant, either. Many theories have been advanced as to the significance of this association or symbiosis between the higher plant and the fungus. Prof. Bernard points out that some of these fungi are known to cause diseases in certain plants, and in- fers that in the orchids, for example, they produce no injury, because when the fungus has penetrated into the interior of the cells, the protoplasm of the latter begins. to digest it, in the same way as the white corpuscles of our blood digest invading bacteria. = This view is supported by the fact that there is a progressive degeneration of the fungus within the cells of the host in practically all such associations that have been examined. By means of careful ex- periments, Dr. Bernard has further shown that in a given orchid a certain fungus will do no harm whatever, being digested and reduced to dead clumps, whereas closely related species of fungi will act in every way like disease-producing in- vaders. He concludes that while plants have no moving cells corresponding to the phagocytes of animals that are capable of attacking and devouring invaders, many of the cells in most plants still retain, to a certain extent, the ability to digest any invaders that may get into them. To the extent that this ability is retained, the plants will be immune from disease. This brings the curious mycorhiza or root fungus into harmony with Metchnikoff’s theory of immunity. OATING for Blackboards.—Dissolve G 200 parts of copal in 400 parts of ether; also 1,000 parts of shellac and 500 parts of sandarac in 4,000 parts of alcohol (90 per cent). Mix both solu- tions and add 150 parts lamp black, 50 parts ultramarine, 30 parts Venice tur- pentine and 1,000 parts fine Naxos emery. A coating is applied, set on fire and ex- tinguished; then a second coating ap- plied, allowed to dry in, rubbed down and washed off with cold water. Make your home grounds a perfect picture. The Wagner Book,**Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings” will show you how. Write for it today. It is free. Hardy Plants, roses, shrubs, lem is a tiny suburban lot, a vast country trees and how to create beautiful effects place, or ‘‘just an old-fashioned garden.’’ with them fully described and with ad- Wagner Landscape Service, helping you mirable clearness in this new 1911 Guide to secure the best effect in the space, is now ready. Wagner Plants and Plans open to you. Fully described in the are invaluable to you whether your prob- free book. Write today WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Box587. SIDNEY, OHIO Florists - Nurserymen - Landscape Gardeners To Builders of New Homes —or Remodelers of Old Ones ET US SEND you free a copy of our new 25c booklet which tells all about the proper method of finishing floors and interior woodwork. Inexpensive soft woods such as pine, fir and cypress may be made as beautiful as expensive hard woods by the use of JOHNSON’S WOOD DYE AND PREPARED WAX. Johnson’s Wood Dye is not a mere surface stain—but a deep-seated Dye, penetrating the wood and fixing a deep, rich, permanent color entirely different from ordinary stains which are only “skin deep.”’ Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 14 attractive shades as follows: No. 126 Light Oak No. 140 Manilla Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 122 Forest Green No. 123 Dark Oak No. 110 Bog Oak No.131 Brown Weathered Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak No. 125 Misston Oak No. 128 Light Mahogans No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak cand No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green Sen Use Johnson’s Prepared Wax for a finish over the Dye to secure that soft, subdued lustre me free so much in vogue among artistic builders of the present time. / ane Johnson’s Prepared Wax gives a beautiful, lasting, sanitary / ; | eRe. finish which will not chip, mar or scratch and which can be CA = me easily kept in good condition. / Tell us the kind of woods you will use {fo ---------------- and we will send you free panels of those woods / artistically finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye / in greens, browns and reds also a copy of our new 25c booklet: which tells all about finishing new woodwork and floors f IName= ss siserss eens = Bee —all free postpaid. this ad. S. C. Johnson & Son JAGR Se a SS and get “The Wood Finishing Authorities” A H-2 this 25c. RacinemvyisconsinnUcs vac 9 /seee eee ee book free. XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 AHardy Flower Garden —What It Means To Me and May Mean to You TO ME:—I: means Inspiration, TO YOU:—It may mean Home, Rest, Gealth, Life—a surrender to a Recreation—a_ retreat where you for- “great fondness’? for Growing get the cares of the business world; a Things, where I have ‘found my- place of old associations and tender self” and come to the realization memories of other days. of the joys of an occupation that Perhaps an old-time Garden whose aslds returns not to be m-asured treasures planted by other hands still oy a standard of dollars. live, uniting the living Present with the First, there was a boy’s Garden dead Past, bridging a chasm of years. on a prairie farm; then a great city, | Perhaps but a tiny spot of brightness, with ‘fa nameless longing,” till one | surrounded by a desert of brick and day my doctor said: ‘‘Go back to the mortar. Maye your Garden is but a country and dig.” Finally, a man’s dream of the future, a new creation to be Garden that long since overflowed out yours in the making, when the House into the open fields—a glorious riot of You Live In will give place to the House color; an intoxication of floral delight, and Garden which together make the ‘rom Peonies, Iris and Poppies. etc. complete home beautiful. “Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A Book as it has been to others. One writes: ‘‘Your catalogue is a joy—I have read "RA it through. You have put into it what most of the others so studiously leave out, | —a love for the flowers they offer. What impresses me most is the undertone of | sincerity throughout.” If you receive the book, you also may wish to write and tell me about YOUR garden. If I can help you I will be glad, for among my most prized tre sures are many such letters, whose tender sentiments, so beautifully expressed, have helped me feel that I have found a place in the esteem of the writers. Besides the wonderful collections of Irises and Peonies that have made Wyomis- sing famous, it tells of all the many things in endless variety that go to make up the charm of the Hardy Garden, in a book ‘that’s different’? because it is more than a catalogue. Mailed free on request. WYOMISSING 643E Penn Street BERTRAND H. FAR 9 NURSERIES READING, PA. N. B.—Dickson’s Celebrated Irish-grown Roses, ready in March JUST PUBLISHED The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & CO., Inc . 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 's ARMY AUCTION BARGAINS SET ARMY POLE HARNESS 9 4-85 ry a (4-2, Army Lead Team Harness $17.95 Army Saddles $3.00up — mM Army Shelter Tents - 1.90 up Hy Army Uniforms, sew 1.25 up HAIER 7-Shot Rifle Carbine - 3.50 bette Old Side-Arm Pistols - .50 up SZ SIDE-ARM SWORD - .35 up MTZ SEND POSTAL TO-DAY FOR FREE CIRCULAR Largest stock Government Auction Bargains in the world. 15 acres required foritsstorage. 364-pige catalogue, over 4,000 illustrations of army and navy anction goods. Regular Military Encyclopedia. Mailed for 15 cents (stamps). Cannone, Flags. Piatols, Rifles, Speurs, Drums, Ete. FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, N. Y. The Schilling Press Printers BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS q Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25th ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" 3 Housewives “this sraat Stepsaver ) in serving meals. Onetrip with Wheel Tray sets table. Another completely clears it. This table on wheels moves easily anywhere you wantit. Height 31in. Re- movable oval trays, 23 in. by 28 in. and 21!n. by 26 In., extra heavy steel. 8 in. rubber tire wheels. Gloss black japan finish. Price $10, express prepaid. $12 to Pacific Coast. Write for circular and learn its convenience. WHEEL-TRAY CO., 435 F West 61st Place, Chicago An unceasing source of pleasure and ro- bust health to children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. Complete out- fits. Satisfaction guaranteed. B Illustrated catalogue. soe “ BELLE MEADE FARM mm, § Dept. W. Markham, Va. MRI MND fed pte es CATALOGUE FREE. DOW WIRE & IRON WKS. LOUISVILLE.KY. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO BASce en ME Ventilate your rooms, yethaveyour « windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Sote Manuracturers ... NEW HAVEN, CONN. February, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS EEG | NEW BOOKS | S S THe Passion PLAY OF OBERAMMERGAU. Translated from the German text, with a Historical Introduction. By Montrose J. Moses. New York: Duf- held ge Coz, 1980: 9 d2mo.y 118 pp. Price, $1.50 net. The volume before us is printed on de- lightful light-weight paper, so that we have no hesitancy in recommending it as an ideal text for visitors who are going to have the supreme pleasure of witnessing the Passion Play. The text which is sold in Oberammergau and Munich is apt to be bad and very dear, and it is really good economy to take along a book like the present vol- ume with its black-faced readable type. There is a number of important fea- tures. The list of dramatis personae is contrasted with various years, such as 1890 and 1900. The history of the Passion Play is given with valuable notes referring thereto. The four ancient texts of the Oberammergau Passion Play are then ex- amined. The description of the play house, etc., follows together with the statement issued by the Burgomaster showing the ratio of expense to receipts. This shows that in 1890 the salaries of the 747 players were only $48,000, or an average of $64 each, which is not very large pay for an all summer’s work which interferes very ma- terially with their regular pursuits. There is, however, a considerable amount made each year the Passion Play is produced by those who have concessions of various kinds, such as the photograph concessions. The text itself of the play is admirable and is followed by the best bibliograph of the subject which we have ever seen. CATHEDRAL CHURCHES OF ENGLAND. Helen Marshall Pratt. Duffield & Co., 1910. Price, $2.50 net. This volume deals with the architecture, history and antiquities of all of the cathe- drals of England, together with a bibliog- raphy and itinerary and glossary, so as to form a practical handbook for students and travelers. The purpose of the volume is to set forth in a concise and orderly manner the most interesting features historical and architectural of the two and thirty cathe- drals of England, and is the result of eight years’ study in England and on the Conti- nent. The author intends not only to pre- sent anew the array of well-known facts concerning the cathedrals, but to give, so far as possible, some hints of the meaning of each, the reason why it was built at the particular time, and also something of the personality of the bishops, abbots, deans, canons, priors, royalties and noble men and women whose names are inseparably con- nected with the fabric, or who sleep within the walls. The work has been well done, and a critical examination of the book leaves little to be desired. The only criti- cism to be made is, that the number of engravings might be considerably aug- mented with advantage, as now it is neces- sary to look up illustrations in some other books. By New York: 12mo.; 593 pp. GILLETTE’S INDUSTRIAL SOLUTION: WorLp CorPoRATION. By Melvin L. Severy. Boston: The Ball Publishing Com- pany, 1908. 8vo.; 594 pp. Trice, $1.50. Soft Light [lluminates and Decorates An important part of my business is mak- ing electric light globes which subdue the light and produce a beautiful decorative effect. Considering the way in which they trans- form the cold, harsh, bare electric light, they are of equal importance with the light itself. with styles, because | know that the possibilities for I am not content making a few utilizing light are without end. Therefore, | make over 2,000 styles of Reg. U, S. Pat. Off. electric shades and globes. They comprise all shapes and kinds, all colors and shades of colors, in silk, satin and velvet finishes. More are coming all the time. Everyone who wants artistic light should use the globes I make. It is just as easy to have decorative light as it is to have just light. My newest product is ‘Alba Glass.” It is especially suit- able for lighting large spaces, buildings, stores, offices and public buildings, because it spreads the light uniformly. It leigisee tar: superior to frosted globes, double globes and corrugated refines the light without sacrificing its brilliancy. globes. has heretofore failed to accomplish—perfect diffusion. It accomplishes what all other outdoor lighting glass Your dealer can supply anything I make. If he hasn’t it he will get it. Write for my catalogue. It tells about all my globes, shades and chimneys, and you may have present need for some of them. Let’s have good light since we must have light. That is merely a matter of fitting each light with the shade, globe or chimney I make for it. My catalogue is free. Address MACBETH Macbeth-Evans Glass Company Pittsbureh CuH1IcAGo; 178 East Lake Street PHILADELPHIA: 42 South Eighth Street New York: 19 West 30th Street YOUR LAWN NEEDS ROLLING Thick velvety lavas cannot be 7 produced from even the most fertile seed and soil without frequent rolling. The top soil must be kept firm to hold the grass roots in touch with the life-giving earth beneath. = DUNHAM ROLLERS patented have roller bearings and carbonsteel axles, as used in automobile construction. This makes the Dunham Rollers 44°% easier to operate than others not made under the Dunham patents. Our book “THE PROPER CARE OF LAWNS,” explains the methods followed by landscape gardeners in making leek, velvety lawns. Sent free on request. Write To-day. THE DUNHAM COMPANY, 434.462 First Ave., Berea, O- Largest Manufacturers in the World of Land Rollers Soil Pulverizers and Packers for all Purposes Eastern Office, THE DUNHA sun) n AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1911 S—__- 4— AZ Giant Himalaya i The British expedition into Thibet several years ago made the world richer i by the discovery of this entirely new berry -fruit. Grows 40 feet in a year. Hardy as an oak. Old wood never dies, but M4 i rs bears like an apple tree, and six years sooner. ANY May be trained on trellises, over walks or we I porches, fences, dead trees, or pergolas. On , posts forms a weeping tree. Handsome foli- 4 age, compound —five leaflets —light - green. NW Clusters of a hundred shell-pink flowers—large hoi p as halt-dollars—beautiful as a wild rose; and bai) Ce, later, each blossom a jet-black berry—an inch IN She long, thick, meaty, unusually rich, sweet and ) ~ delicious. Perfect for any berry use—unrivaled Ww for dessert. Unusually fine for market. 7, Fijgx Get Our Unusual Berry Book Let us tell you in words and pictures fully fn and improved Blackberries, iby Raspberries, Gooseberries, (VG 30 DgeAe Currants, etc, grown in “ ZB B Re Berrydale Gardens,—a_ mar- =) Pdilo® vel to visitors, and we grow i mA BY all the best standard } | varieties in such quan- tities as to give most if favorable prices. Send for the jal now—a postal 7, bring your copy. BERRYDALE EXPERIMENT ARDENS 4| y about Himalaya. Know the best of over a ANS hundred tried Strawberries— King Edward. PN® Learn about newly discovered sr] book will i American Ave., Holland,Mich. yi uF AN Sh OF 40 ie | JANA ss “ Ree FP RSE ORI OP your lawn and garden need a) ZAR} trace BRAINDB marx : Pulverized Sheep Manure Produces most wondertul re- sults. The best, safest, most effective and satisfactory fer- tilizer. Clean, no objectionable odor, and free from weed and wild grass seeds. KS $4.00 per bbl. ay Freight prepaid east of Missourt i River. Write for quantity prices and Literature. Pulverized Manure Co., No. 2‘ Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill. Wizard Brand is handled by first-class seedsmen. Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- tects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illus- trations showing the latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS EXTRACT FROM PREFACE HE author has endeavored to include characteristic designs in vogue to- day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of ap- plying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical re- quirements of commercial life. The au- thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Tue LiFe oF WILLIAM THOMSON, BARON Ketvin oF Lares. By Silvanus P. Thompson. Two volumes. New York and London: The Macmillan Com- pany, 1910" Syv0.5 1629 nappa metice, $7.50 net. One would naturally expect that a biog- raphy of Lord Kelvin, written by a promi- nent physicist, such as Silvanus P. Thomp- son, would deal largely with the scientific accomplishments rather than the personal life of the subject; and this is, in a measure, true. A picture of Lord Kelvin’s life and home relations has already been written by his own sister. The present volumes, how- ever, take up the life of this great man from a different viewpoint, that is, in relation to his epochal work in the realms of science. The present biography was begun nearly two years before the death of Lord Kelvin. Hence it was possible to obtain much valu- able information and many personal rem- iniscences, which give the volume some of the importance of an autobiography, while at the same time due prominence is given to certain matters which might have been mod- estly passed over had Lord Kelvin been writing his own life story. The biography is made up to a large extent of manuscripts and scientific correspondence, and the au- thor has wisely avoided placing his own in- terpretation upon them, preferring to let them speak for themselves. The work is intensely interesting from cover to cover, despite the fact that the work of Lord Kel- vin was far in advance of the majority of his fellow men. The reader is brought into intimate association with the young man who struggled to the foreground in his college days, who in his very earliest days as a scientist did much to bring the theories of Joule into prominence, who as the fore- most electrician in the world was the master mind in the problem of bridging the Atlan- tic Ocean by cable, and whose later work in the study of tides, mathematical astron- omy, physics and electricity carried him far above any other man of his times. The two volumes are handsomely bound, and should make a most important and attractive addi- tion to the library of the layman as well as the technical man. CEMENT AND How To Use It. Edited un- der the supervision of William A. Radford. Chicago: The Radford Architectural Company, 1910. 8vo. 369 pp. Price, $1.00. The present volume has been prepared in response to numerous requests for a treatise written in simple non-technical English which will serve the purpose of a plain working guide to the selection of cements and aggregates, the purpose of proportioning and mixing concretes, and the rules obtaining in the many forms of construction to which it has shown itself so well adapted. Throughout the volume constant emphasis is laid on the product as distinguished from the theoretical mode of treatment. On account of the intimate re- lation which cement and concrete now bear to every branch of construction, the present volume will be of great practical value not only to concrete workers but to all other craftsmen engaged in the various trades | of the building industry, such as carpen- | ters, steel workers, plumbers, engineers, and others. FooLisH QUESTIONS. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1909. 18mo.; illustrated. Price. 50 cents. The present volume is a reproduction of cartoons which were originally published in the New York Evening Mail. By R. Goldberg. | Cregory’s Honest FLOWER SEED OFFER We will send you these ten packages of Gregory’s Honest Flower Seeds, postpaid, for 25 cents in coin. 90 cents worth for 25 cents 1 pkg. Aster, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, . ° = 10c. 1 pkg. Pansy, Gregory’s SpecialFancy Mixture, . O . lic. 1 pkg. Coreopsis, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, b 4 05c. 1 pkg. Poppy, Gregory’s Fancy Double Mixed Annuals, 5 10c. 1 pkg. Mignonette, Gregory’s Large Flowering, very rich, . 10c. 1 pg. Bachelor Button, Gregory’s Finest Mixture, . 5 10c. 1 pkg. Petunia, Gregory’s Finest Hybrid Mixture, . “ : l5c. 1 pkg. Candytuft, Gregory’s Finest Mixed, J ° ° 5 1 pkg. Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, . . . . ° 05c. 1 pkg. Sweet Peas, Extra Choice Mixed, . . . 05c. 10 packages sent for 25¢ in coin. Our new 1911 Catalogue, more profusely illustrated than ever, is just out. copy to you for the asking. J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, 42 Elm St., Marblehead, Mass, Toke offyourHat 2. AS2 AT WriteforCirculare™ J ERS and Prices to 4 5 F.E.Myers & ay PBS 2 Ashland, Ohio eae a CLAMPS ray ORIENTAL RUGS ILLEY BOSTON 5S PARK ST. NEW YORK 225 FIFTH AVE. BOOK 30 ILLUSTRATIONS ‘50¢ Pp R O TE Cc aS your floors and floor coveringsfrom injury. Also beau- tify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co. U. S. Factory and Glass Plant, - Menasha, Wiscunsin, Canadian lactory, Berlin, Ont Greider’s Fine Catalogue of purebred poultry, for 1911, over 200 pages, 57 large colored pictures of fowls, calendar for each month, illustrations, descriptions, photos, incubators, brooders, information, and al! details concerning the business, where and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for hatching, supplies, etc. at lowest cost, in fact the greatest poultry catalog ever published. Send 15c for this handsome book, B.H. GREIDER, BAX 11, RHEEMS, Pa. Largest marine gasoline engine concern in the world 3 H. P. Pumping and Stationary Guaranteed to develop 4 h. p. pe Write for Marine or 2 and 3 Cylinders, 3 to 36 h.p. ara ng ine Catalogue: GRAY MOTOR CO., 306 Leib St., Detroit, Mich. Plant rerenniac Plants if you would embellish your grounds this year and for years to come Our new 84-page FREE catalog lists a thousand best varieties of strong vigorous plants which give quick and gratifying results. Stately hollyhocks of grand strains, in strong field-grown roots—will flower freely the first season. Large perfected double hollyhocks —each flower a veritable rosette ; fringed holly- hocks and single, all described and illus- trated in our catalog, Write to-day fora copy Free. J. T. LOVETT, Box 128 Little Silver, N. J. Made in I, Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10x12% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 1911 Edition DREER'S GARDEN B BooK Just the Information needed on garden subjects is to be found in Dreer’s Garden Book in- corporated in hundreds of Cultural Articles especially written by recognized au- thorities on the sub- jects. Forexample: Howto grow Roses—situation, prepa- ration of the beds, planting and summer care, pruning, winter protection, enemies. Miscellaneous hints and suggestions for the amateur florist—soil for pot plants, drainage, watering, repot- ting, fertilizers, insects, airing. How to grow flowers from seed, both annual and perennial. The making and care of hotbeds and cold frames. Complete cultural instruction for growing all kinds of vegetables from seed time to harvest. Description, picture, price and cultural article, about almost anything you want to grow, arranged in the most convenient way. The 73d annual edition of this garden authority has been in- creased to 288 pages. Contains nearly 10U0 illustrations and 8 color and duotone plates. Describes over 1200 varieties of Flower Seeds, including many new ones developed by us, 2000 kinds of Plants and 600 varieties of Vegetables. Also Hardy Shrubs, Climbing Plants, Small Fruits, Water Lilies, Roses, etc., etc. 9 I LINTSI INE | URNITURE r= Sy, So Perfect and So Peerless HALLIf{s CLOCKS | @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine An Unusual Exhibit of “Willard” or Banjo Clock, Spring and Summer Styles and several other kinds. N 2 Ny Appropriate furnishings for every country home are included in our complete exhibit of ENAMELED and LIGHT COLORED WOODS, REED WIL- @ If your local jeweler does LOW and RATTAN. ll l k d di Particular attention is directed to the advantage of making early selections not sell our Clocks, sen Irect while our showing of Spring and Summer Styles offers the widest range in for our new illustrated catalog. prices and styles. Critical comparison of FLINT VALUES with the best obtainable else- where is always welcome and consultation with our experts insures ECONOMY as well as ARTISTIC SUCCESS. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS GEO. C FuNT Co, Waltham, Massachusetts 43-47 WEsT 23“OT. 24-28 West 24" Sp Expert Tree Work \%@, (Save Your Trees - Is Immensely Less |§"¥ | With The Services Expensive Than “| Of The Davey Cheap Tree Work Tree Experts. Expert Tree Work is Far Less Expensive than Cheap Tree Work Because experts get to work quickly, climb more rapidly, waste no time in useless experiment, carry a complete equipment of necessary tools, and—most important of all—they leave your trees in practically perfect condition, as far as human skill can make them so. Your trees are not butchered nor practiced upon. ‘They are treated by thoroughly trained men who are skilled in the use of John Davey’s methods—the same methods which have saved many times ten thousand trees. ‘These men know how, and ‘ Know-how”? is always less expensive than haphazard experiments and blunders. The Davey Tree Experts Alone are Trained in Tree Surgery First of all, the Davey men are selected carefully. They are gentlemen—intelligent, earnest, ambitious and trustworthy. This training has been in the organization which created the science of Tree Surgery and which developed = every method of worth. The Davey Institute of Tree Surgery is maintained by the company at very heavy expense for the sole purpose of schooling its men regarding tree life, insect enemies of trees, tree diseases, proper remedies, and—most important of all—the theory and practice of Tree Surgery, which cannot be obtained elsewhere. They are specialists in the treatment of trees. There are no successful imitators. THE WARNER BROTHERS COMPANY, Manufacturers of Corsets, Bridgeport, Conn. The Davey Tree Expert Company have done work for me both on my place at Augusta, Ga., and Bridge- port. Their treatment of trees is both scientific and sensible, and I believe the class of work they are doing will materially prolong the life of trees. lam entirely satisfied with what they have done for me and unhesitatingly recommend them to any one who desires similar work done. I should employ them again if I had any work in their line. Yours very truly, (Signed) JI. De Vere Warner. The service of The Davey Tree Expert Company is available, east of the Missouri River, to those who desire quality work at cost which is not unreasonable. Send to-day for handsome booklet and full information. When you write, tell us how many trees you have, what kind and where located. 123 Ash Street “iteesh| The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., “xen'onic AN IMMENSE CAVITY IN A GIANT OAK TREE THE TREE OPPOSITE AS THE DAVEY EXPERTS LEFT IT AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 Take Your Oliver Typewriter | —Pay 17 Cents a Day! A message of vital moment to the vast audience reached by the Saturday Evening Post. We are selling the Oliver Typewriter---the Standard Visible Writer---the New Model No. 5---the regular $100 machine---for Seventeen Cents a Day! Whether you sit in the councils of great corporations or are perched on a bookkeeper’s high stool—whatever your part in the world’s activities—you are in- terested in a proposition that is revolutionizing business. Whether your income flows in a torrent of gold or slowly trickles in nickles, this ‘‘Seventeen-Cents-a-Day”’ offer of the Oliver Typewriter means something worth while to you. Ad o fer ©; Ss" TypeM fa and ole me Oliver WP han Kee A Brilliant Array of Exclusive Features The Oliver is illuminated by scores of brilliant innovations not found on other typewriters. Its remarkable time-saving devices and conveniences include the Vertical and Horizontal Line Ruler, the Disappearing Indicator, the Back Spacer, the Tabulator, the Adjustable Paper Feed, the Double Release, the Automatic Spacer, the Locomotive Base. Time and again, when our existing models met every demand of the public, we have brought out important improve- ments at great expense, without adding a cent to the price. Why Not Have 100% Efficiency ? The Oliver Typewriter has an efficiency of 100 per cent. every day in the week and from one year’s end to another. Its printing mechanism works freely in a framework of solid stee], which gives wonderful stability and the limit of dur- ability. It operates with the lightest touch and thus prevents fatigue. The swiftest operator cannot overtake the speed of an Oliver Typewriter. It writes in beautiful, read- able type and, of course, it writes in sight. Every office, whether equipped with one Oliver Typewriter or a battery of Olivers, secures the very maximum cf typewriter service at the minimum of cost and labor. The Oliver Typewriter in the Home The simplicity, strength and easy oper- ation of the Oliver Typewriter make it most desirable for use in the home. It contributesconstantly to the convenience and pleasure of the family circle. As an educator alone it is worth many times 17 cents a day. To the young people it is a stepping stone to profitable business em- ployment. Sales Department Oliver Typewriter Building The Oliver Typewriter Co. It means that The Oliver Typewriter Company, by placing the world’s best writing machine within everybody’s reach, is hastening the day when beautiful, legible typewriting will become practically universal. The terrific pace of modern business demands mechanical aids of the highest degree of efficiency. Foremost among all the inventions that speed the day’s work—that take the tension from men and transfer it to machines—is the Oliver Typewriter. Mightiest Machine in World’s Workshop The Oliver Typewriter, the mightiest machine in the World’s Workshop, is a prodigy in performance, It weaves the million threads of the world’s daily transactions into the very fabric of business. It works with the smooth precision of an automatic machine. It adapts itself to the diversified needs of ten thousand b:::iness conditions. It covers the entire range of work done by other typewriters, in addition to its own special forms OLIVER THE TYPEWRITER The Standard Visible Writer The Oliver Typewriter is absolutely unique in design. That is the key to its greatness. The basic idea upon which its towering supremacy rests is its wonderful Double Type-Bar. What the Selden Patent is to the automobile, this principle is to the typewriter, only we do not license its use on any other writing machine. The Double Type-Bar gives the Oliver Typewriter its positive DOWNWARD STROKE, the secret of perfect printing, light touch, easy operation and perfect alignment. - Hitch Your Pennies to the Oliver! Having simplified the typewriter to the utmost, we have now simplified its purchase until you can own it for the trifling sum of Seventeen Cents a Day. A small cash payment brings you the magnificent new model Oliver No. 5. Then you save Seventeen Cents a Day and pay monthly until the machine is yours. No matter what typewriter you are using, you can turn it in on first payment on the Oliver and let pennies com- plete the purchase. Whether you pay in full when you receive the new ma- chine, or whether we wait while you pay at the rate of Seventeen Cents a Day, sign and mail the “Reminder” Blank and get the handsome Catalog and full details of the popular Penny Plan. (59) A Reminder to “DO IT NOW!” The Oliver Typewriter Company Oliver Typewriter Building, Chicago Gentlemen:— Please send your Art Catalog and details of “17-Cente- a-Day” offer on the Oliver Typewriter. INGO 2 BE oh, OO eed RES eer ty = ete aS ee Oe CHICAGO, ILL. rt . AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 Big Trees This place at Lawrence, L.I., was almost entirely planted with Hicks large trees, 20 to 45 feet high, that were selected direct from Hicks’ Nursery. Why wait years for small trees to grow up? You take no chances in buying Hicks’ big Maples, Pin Oaks, Catalpas, Lindens and Ever- greens. Hicks methods for moving and planting big trees are a success. We guarantee our trees to thrive. Trees 25 feet high, 15 feet spread can be safely shipped 1,500 miles at this time of the year. We have several thousand trees 15 to 40 years old, growing 15 to 30 feet apart in our nursery. They are 20 to 40 feet high, 10 to 25 feet spread. Besides the usual nursery stock, we have many new and rare species, especially valuable for those who wish more harmonious landscape compositions. Come and select your trees, or send for our cat- alogue and price list, which shows very accurately what our stock has accomplished and what we have to offer. The ground thaws here the first of March, and early orders are to your advantage. Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury, L. I. Charles Barton Keen, Arch't. Philadelphia Sample and Circular Free give artistic and harmonious coloring effects of guaranteed durability, and the Creosote pene- trates aid thoroughly preserves the wood. The most economical and only appropriate coloring for Shingled residences, bungalow shingles, or siding, rough board camps or cottages, boat and club houses, shelters, etc. Send for stained wood samples and catalog SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. AGENTS AT ALL CENTRAL POINTS A House Lined with Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. VERTICAL SECTION, CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St.,. NEW YORK CITY Cabot’s Shingle Stains | BREEDING SUCCESSFUL STRAINS OF BASKET WILLOWS FARMER in one of the middle States grew a crop of basket wil- lows on sixty acres which brought him $10,000, a yield at the rate of $166 an acre. The average crop in a region of best growth usually brings less than one-half this amount. The strain and manner of cultivation made this note- worthy difference. The excellent crop grown by this up-to-date farmer was raised from carefully selected cuttings obtained from the best stock of neigh- boring basket-willow plantations, where these strains are thoroughly adapted to the local soil and climate. The soil is among the best, though not any better than that of a good many other plantations which yield a much smaller crop of less valu- able rods. Willow growers often blame the soil for not producing a crop as large as it should, and as a matter of fact the soil selected is very often not suitable. Many farmers are under the impression that willows should be planted in un- drained soils, which is a serious mistake. Soil that yields a good crop of wheat also produces a good crop of willows under proper cultivation. The successful bas- ket-willow grower considers the selection of suitable soil as only one of the requi- sites for growing a profitable crop of rods. The proper selection and care of cuttings for planting will insure an enormously increased yield, and in many cases actually double it, provided the willows are properly cultivated so as to keep weeds down and the soil loose. Se- lected cuttings are of prime importance. The value of selection has long been recognized in the analogous case of seed in all our common agricultural crops. The willow is among the most plastic of all our woody plants, and is easily propagated by means of cuttings. The ancestry of a certain strain of basket- willow is as vital as it is in the higher animals. Its characteristic qualities are quite readily transmitted from year to year, and all varieties are susceptible to further improvement. The investigators have even more control over the success- ful propagation of selected varieties of willow than they do in cases of fruit trees or other farm crops, since a new crop of selected cuttings can be obtained every year from the preceding year’s planting. Carefully conducted experi- ments in selecting and breeding certain varieties of basket-willows will result in strains of entirely modified character- istics in less than ten years. Four strains have been developed out of the American green willow (Salix amygdalina L.), of which one is said to be entirely immune to the destructive willow rust. A num- ber of strains have been developed from the common purple willow, all of which have their particular virtues in certain soils. The basket-willow is a farm crop of in- creasing importance on both sides of the Atlantic, and the country that develops the most desirable strains is the one to control the supply of the market. At present European countries have a de- cided advantage over the United States. We cannot introduce strains developed in Europe and expect them at once to do as well here as they do in the locality where they originated. An lowa grower introduced the common white willow (Salix vinimalis L.), from Europe, with the hope of producing as fine a crop of rods as this willow is wont to yield in its native country. With considerable ex- \ March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ili pectation he waited for the remarkable crop he was going to produce, but the harvest showed him the danger of using cuttings not suited to his soil and climatic conditions. There are about ninety dif- ferent varieties and hybrids of basket- willows that are successfully grown in Europe. In this country there are but four kinds that are yielding good returns, and only one of those is especially well suited to the lake States. Not a single variety has been found that can be grown successfully in the southern States. The desired improvement should be brought about by continually selecting certain rods from normal stools of a vari- ety that is most likely to yield to judi- cious treatment. To develop or to accen- tuate a specific quality which the bulk of rods are now lacking is the most impor- tant consideration for the American wil- low culturists. Slender, cylindrical, flex- ible, and tough rods are sought by the best basket makers, and so long as the American farmer is unable to raise a sufficient quantity of this sort, the manu- facturers will buy their raw material in Europe. Consequently, the domestic rods will sell at a very low figure. Better strains of willows for local use will have to be developed, just as certain strains of farm crops have come to be recognized as suitable for local use. Because of the future importance of the industry and the strength of foreign competition, a rapid development in the quality of American grown rods is essential. .This much-de- sired improvement of the basket-willow in the United States can be brought about by continually selecting cuttings from the shoots having the desired qualities. Since such strains are not as a rule sus- ceptible to general adoption, it will be necessary to develop different ones for different localities. In certain portions of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and Kentucky, the American green willow is seriously af- fected with a willow rust which destroys the leaves prematurely, and consequently the shoots die. This disease was first dis- covered in Maryland and Pennsylvania, and later it appeared in Ohio, and now is reported from Kentucky. A _ wide- awake farmer in the last State ob- served that a certain strain of American green is very rarely affected by this rust. He concluded at once that this is an im- mune variety, which he is now _ success- fully raising. This rust seriously affects the character and value of the rods. If the rods are not killed outright, they usually become so brittle near the top that the basket maker is unable to use them. Farmers who wish to start a plantation of basket-willows should not buy a large number of cuttings by faith. There are nurseries springing up here and _ there, and the proprietors claim that they can furnish cuttings of all the best varieties known to willow culturists. The fact is that some of these nurserymen do not know the correct names of the willows they have for sale, nor do they know for what localties their varieties are best suited. Unless the farmer can buy se- lected cuttings from his neighbor, he is likely to be at the mercy of the dealer living at a distance, since he may not see the stock until it arrives on his farm. Al- though basket-willow breeding cannot be followed in the scientific sense by the farmer, selecting cuttings from the shoots on the stump and propagating them is a simple matter, and can be practiced by any farmer. Testing certain strains, con- tinuing the best kinds, and discarding the Madam— No matter what you have decided to serve for luncheon or dinner, do not fail to add Nabisco Sugar Wafers for dessert. These dessert confections are so tempting and inviting that they not q} only make a good meal better, but ofttimes save a poor one. Always fresh and delightful in flavor. In ten-cent tins ' Also in twenty-five cent tins CHOCOLATE TOKENS —similar to NABISCO, but with a delicious outer shell of rich chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY VERY interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola can be had free on request. Ask for Catalogue A-27 Hartmann-Sanders Co. waeeN EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS OF Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City Our illustration shows the attractive effect that can be obtained by adopting pergola treatment for your garage. This adds but very little to the cost of the building and makes it an attractive feature of your Yeneral landscape scheme instead of an eyesore, as it frequently is. Vf E also publish Catalogues A-29 of SUN DIALS and A-40 of WOOD COLUMNS. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS n NOS LIGHTING FIXT OTHING is more conspicuous or plays a more important part in a room than its lighting fixturcs. In their selection not only utility of purpose but also beauty and character of design should be considered. By placing this part When buying of your interior decor- lighting fixtures : : hand look forthe Enos ating in our hands you -peage Mark. It is a guarantee of fine material and careful work- harmonize with the manship- are assured lighting fixtures which will decorative features of TRADE MARK your home. Catalogue No. 22 sent on request. Eee THE ENOS COMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures 7th AVENUE & 16th STREET, NEW YORK Salesrooms: 36 West 37th St., New York TH READ are now made toa and THREAD) THRUM ann RUGS seamless in any width up to 16 FEET and any length; in any color or colorcombination, 65 regular shades—any othershading made ‘tomatch. Send for color card. “You choose the Arnold, Constable & Co., Selling Agts., NewYork colors, we'll” Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. make the rug.”’ THE PLAN SHOP BUNGALOWS A MOST artistic book of original concep- tions designed specially for the northern climates. It has 64 pages profusely illus- trated with color plates, half-tones, sketches and floor plans. The designer being a native of California has im- bibed the spirit of the true bungalow art, not only through association, but by experience in actual con- struction. This art has been applied in adapting the bungalow to the requirements of the sterner climates of the north. The book is bristling with interest and suggestions for the builder of either a suburban cottage or city residence. Price, Fifty Cents. ROLLIN A. TUTTLE, Architect 630-631 Andrus Building Minneapolis, Minn. infcrior ones are still less formidable. Basket-willow growing should be a mat- ter of sentiment, and the farmer should have a desire to see them grow under the best of care and cultivation. Unless the farmer does grow the best strains and puts his heart into the work, he is not worthy even of the meager results he does obtain. STUDIES OF (ROOT LIFE ® HE experts of? the Bureauvot Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture are carrying on a most valuable work in their investigation of root life. Their root experiments with plants are the outcome of a study of the problems involved in wide and shallow planting, as opposed to close, ordinary planting. In the former method, a great root development would enable the farmer to do well with very little rain; in the latter, his reliance is entirely on rain. experimenters have hitherto been handicapped by the absence of a device properly to study root growth, but this difficulty has been overcome by a mem- ber of the Dakota station. He dug a trench two feet wide about a block of earth in which were growing some plants, the roots of which he desired to study. When the block stood out alone quite clearly, he made a light wooden frame to fit around it and covered this with common wire poultry netting. This held the earth in place and enabled him to pierce it through with small wire rods, which were then fastened at both ends to the netting. When enough of these thin wire rods had been run through, to hold up the roots in case the earth was washed away, he covered the top of the ground with a thin plaster of Paris paste, which soon dried, holding the plants he desired to examine firmly about the base. The subsequent stages of this process, which has been adopted by the Bureau experts, involve the washing of the earth from about the roots with soft, warm water, leaving them wholly exposed and suspended upon the wires which had been forced through the earth. It Be- comes easy then to lift the cage, with its plaster of Paris roof, holding the desired plants, to such a place as desired for study. Care is taken to dig the surround- ing trench deep enough in the beginning to avoid the possibility of the roots be- ing still connected with the earth below. The root experimenters have met con- siderable difficulties. For one thing, the fine threadlike portions of the roots are destroyed at their extremities by the warm water washing. The threads, how- ever, at the points where they ended, have been analyzed, and it has been found that even at this stage of the prog- ress of the nourishment upward, the great chemical work, the taking from the soil of lime, sodium, nitrogen and the like, has been completed by the tiny fila- ment. Somewhere, a little farther on in the soil which had been washed away, the work had been going on. It is the under- standing of this process which is now de- sired, and which is apparently quite re- mote. Nevertheless, some valuable re- sults have been already attained. Na- turally, the investigations up to this time have concerned the plants most valuable to man—wheat and corn, pota- toes, beans, and the like. According to the Bureau’s experts, roots seem to possess actual sentience in March, Ig1t Home Owners Use NO FREEZING Underground Garbage Receiver The only practical sani- tary way of disposing of garbage; sets deep in the ground and the buckets last for years. Opens with the foot and saves the hand from frost bite se aig aes outwears all others and is ten pounds lighter. FIREPROOF a KE erences CLINE Underfloor Refuse Receiver Stores your ashes out of sight and makes the work of attending furnace easy. Sold Direct. Send for circular on each. C,H. Stephenson, Mfr. 7 f2rytec Before the Furnace. Peter Cooper’s Pure Bone Dust Lawn Dressing The Old Reliable Since 1827 This is the very thing you have been looking for. You have probably used manure on your lawns, which is not only unsightly and unsanitary, but discolors your walks in addition to the foul odor that prevails. Besides this, manure carries seeds of foreign plants into the soil and the result is a lawn full of weeds and foreign growths that are a source of continual trouble. PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST or LAWN DRESSING is clean to handle posses- ses no objectionable odors, and is many times more effective than manure or other dressings. Try it and be convinced. PETER COOPER'S FERTILIZER, 111 Broadway, New York City. BRANDS JUST PUB Alisa. THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches » Chapels By F. E. KIDDERS Anchitect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including severa! new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book contains a large number of plans and perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- sides this there is much concise and practical in- formation relating to planning and seating ; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction our oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 5 7 | Munn & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City. i ee March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS =) _. ANDREWS. Air PRESSURE WATER NDREWS Air Pressure Water Supply gives toa country home or farm house the essential convenience of city water. | You can have running hot and cold water in your house, using the Andrews Air-tight tank in “i the basement or the ground out- side. This is filled by the use of ag] 2 pump, worked either by a gaso- ] line engine, windmill or hand power, the water being delivered under pressure. It has all the ad- vantages of an overhead tank, but it mever freezes, never runs over im } 1 < i ad = an 2 Z i = ) Suburban Life is as fullof charm to ‘‘Grown-ups’”’ as it is for children. The advantages are obvious, but too manifold to state in this limited space. Ask us for full particulars. By-the-way, did you ever see our ESTATES OF GREAT NECK ? If not, you owe it to yourself to lose no time. It is a wonderful Private Park of 450 acres, laid out in winding roads over Hills and Dales down to the waters of the Long Island Sound. One-half mile of Water Front. In Nassau County, just over the City Line. Every Improvement. Sold only in plots from one-third of an acre to two acres or more. A Strictly High-class Proposition! Different From All Others! Look it over as our Guest at your convenience. Send for our Long Island Magazine, brimful of information, free for the asking. McKNIGHT REALTY COMPANY 347 Fifth Avenue, opposite Waldorf-Astoria. Telephone, 3620 Madison Square BAYSIDE-FLUSHING MOAN LVAD AHO SALV.LSH ESTATES OF GREAT NECK McKNIGHT REALTY CO; BAYSIDE-FLUSHING — March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND M\N\\ Zz Se Dy yyy GARDENS ix THE EXHIBITION OF THE ARCHI- TECTURAL LEAGUE of the Architectural League, of New York, is now being held in the Fine Arts Building. It is undoubtedly one of the largest and best displays that the League has made in some years, and is one that will appeal to all those who are interested in archi- tecture, mural painting and sculpture. A conspicuous feature of the present exhibition is the presentation of a more carefully selected, and a larger number of designs of domestic architecture than has hitherto been given at some of the ex- positions. The committee in charge of this part of the program is to be con- gratulated on its wiser and more compre- hensive selections, as shown in the large number of creditable and interesting de- lineations, among which are the Bryant Memorial, by Grosvenor Atterbury; the great buildings of the University of Min- neapolis, by Cass Gilbert; and the Robert Fulton memorial water gate, by H. Van Buren McGonigle. A country house of distinctive character is the one built for James Stillman, Esq., at Pocantico Hills. It is original in conception and is the work of Messrs. Albro and Linderberg. A plan of monumental proportions is the one prepared by Grosvenor Atterbury for the Sage Foundation Homes Company at Forest Hill, L. I. One has no idea of the magnitude of this work until he has studied very carefully, the proposed scheme outlined by Mr. Atterbury. One of the most unusual mural paintings is the achievement of Barry Faulkner of the Academy of Rome. It represents a group of heroes of an- tiquity, standing in glittering accoutre- ments. It is startling in conception, and occupies the place of honor assigned to it in the gallery. The decoration of a swimming tank of an athletic club, at Pittsburg, by Al- bert Herter, representing youths in the pool or emerging from it is, perhaps, of more popular interest than any of the paintings shown in the collection. The fine decorations by Edwin H. Blashfield are most excellent, and the de- lightful pictures of the Dutch Colonial scenes by Howard Pyle, for the embel- lishment of the Hudson County Court House, are admirable on account of their simple and artistic treatments. No true Princeton man can fail to re- ceive a fervent thrill when he observes the two great bronze tigers which have been designed by A. Phimister Proctor, for the entrance to Nassau Hall at Princeton University. These superb beasts are the gift of the a twenty-sixth annual exhibition class of °79, and are, perhaps, the most striking examples of sculpture shown in the gallery. The colossal seated figure, by Charles Keck, for the Allegheny County Soldiers’ Monument, is one of dignity and repose, and there is also some good work in sculpture by Daniel C. French and Her- bert Adams. A GOVERNMENTAL COMPETITION N the history of architecture there has been no more important competition than that recently held by the United States Government for the selection of an architect for each of the three proposed buildings for the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce and Labor. There have been one or two competitions, as for example the International competition held some ten or fifteen years ago for a plan for the University of California, where a greater expenditure was contemplated, but we believe that there has been none in which the importance of the buildings, of their site, and of the expenditure involved to- gether, compared with this. The three buildings are to be placed along the east side of the “White Lot,” the open park which extends between the grounds of the White House and of the Washington Monument, and will extend from Pennsyl- vania Avenue to the Mall. Of the three buildings proposed, that for the Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor is consider- ably the largest. It is to be something over five hundred feet in length and about two hundred and seventy-five feet in depth. This building is to be placed in the center of the group, with the Department of Jus- tice building to the north and with a front- age on Pennsylvania Avenue and the De- partment of State to the south with a frontage upon the Mall. The total appropriation authorized for the three buildings is something over eight million dollars, divided in the proportion of $3,650,000 for the Department of Com- merce and Labor, $2,200,000 for the De- partment of State, and $1,900,000 for the Department of Justice. A special commis- sion, composed of the President, the Sec- retary of the Treasury, and the Secretaries of the respective Departments, was created by Congress to obtain plans and to carry on the construction of the buildings. This Commission decided to institute simul- taneously three independent, but exclusive, competitions—that is to say, no architect to be invited to compete for more than one building, and the list of competitors to be so general as to include nearly all of the most prominent architects of the country. Indeed, so comprehensive was the list of competitors that there remained few to be called upon later to serve as jurors in the competition. Some sixty architects in all were invited to compete, Messrs. D. H. Burnham Company, Carrere & Hastings, and E. V. Seeler having declined the invi- tation, so that there were finally submitted nineteen sets of drawings in each competi- tion. As each of these sets included six to eight sheets of drawings, each of which was approximately four by five feet in size, the amount of work involved was enormous. A large percentage of these drawings came from New York, and it is said that Penn- sylvania Avenue presented an amusing sight upon the arrival of the midnight train upon December 30th. As the drawings were too large to be conveniently carried, except upon the front seat of a taxicab, the trip from the Pennsylvania depot to the Treas- ury Department must have resembled a parade of automobile sandwich men. An interesting question developed early in the undertaking upon the decision to have three independent competitions. There were three buildings to be built, which must in the end be designed in harmony, and some discussion ensued as to the advisabil- ity of having the jurors of the three com- petitions consult or inspect the drawings submitted in the other competitions before making a decision in their own. It was finally and wisely decided that the com- petitions should be for the selection of an architect, and that the designers of the three buildings should subsequently co- operate, and the designs be modified and studied together to the fullest extent, in order that the three buildings as a group should form a harmonious composition. The decisions of the juries were an- nounced on January 6th, as follows: Winner, Commerce and Labor, York & Sawyer: State, Arnold Brunner; Justice, Donn Barber. First Honorable Mention, Commerce and Labor, Tracy, Swartwout & Litchfield; State, J. Gamble Rogers; Justice, Cass Gilbert. Second Honorable Mention, Commerce and Labor, J. H. Friedlander ; State, Warren & Wetmore: Justice, Percy Griffin. Third Honorable Mention, Commerce and Labor, Geo. B. Post and Sons; State, H.V. B.McGon- igle; Justice, Parker & Thomas. The preliminary drawings are now being -exhibited at the Fine Arts Building in New York city. It is proposed by the commit- tee to hold an exhibition of the 57 sets of drawings which were submitted for the competition some time in the near future. A CORRECTION An error was made in the February is- sue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS by announcing that Mr. J. R. Cromwell was the architect of Mr. R. R. Colgate’s residence at Sharon, Conn. Mr. J. William Cromwell, Jr., of New York city, was the architect to whom credit should have been given. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, Ig11 HESS Sait’ LOCKER ae Lane’s Trolley Parlor Door Hangers and Track eae superior quality of hardened and polished ball bearings similar to the very best bicycle bearings. The only Trolley Track adjustable laterally after the equipment ae been installed. If the house’ settles slightly or when door dries out in winter or swells in - summer, this patented feature abso- lutely prevents any binding or scrap- ing of beautiful doors. The Only Modern, Sanitary STEEL Medicine Cabinet ‘| orlocker finished in snow-white, baked | everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel ' plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass © shelves. Costs Less Than Wood -, _Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. ', Dust and vermin proof, easily clean_d. Should Be In Every Bath Room | Four styles—four sizes. To recess in | wallorto hang outside. Send for illus- trated circular. Ty Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago The Recessed Se] Makers of Steel Furnaces. Free Booklet. COUNTRY HOMES may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dangers, by using the Automatic Section Ball Bearing in Lane Trolley Hangers Send for Complete Catalog. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY (“Marcmtsnt” 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Che Year-Round Resori ah ee Reached From Any whers 1 Tor a) Sys ECONOMY GAS MACHINE Se Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel; light- ed the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, ““The Economy Way.” ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Manufacturers t 437 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y. Take off your Hat tne Writefor Circulars T RS F.E. Se 3 Ashland, Ohlo cur PUMPS ABE: a Y fs ae ON FENCE | TALOGUE FREE. DOW WIRE & IRON WKS. LOUISVILLE.KY. s OOK at the map. Here is the most accessible of all the Atlantic coast resorts. It isn’t necessary to RS spend half your time going and coming if you take a ; vacation here. Quickest to reach by rail or water, and no other resort is so uniquely situated; right at Fortress Monroe, the largest military post on the Atlantic Coast, and at Hampton Roads, the rendezvous of the nation’s warships. ‘The constantly changing scenes of military and naval life furnish the ‘‘something different’? about this resort. s Spend Your Vacations at FIOTEL (HAMBERLIN At Old Point Comfort, Virginia It’s warm there now, the skies are clear, the air balmy and invigorating. The Chamberlin is most luxuriously appointed, yet homelike, famous for its cuisine—real Southern cooking—its magnificent sea-poo] and its completely appointed medicinal baths. Here you may just rest and recuperate or enjoy your favorite recreation—golf, tennis, etc. For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all tourist bureaus ortransportation offices, or address me personally. 12 h.p. $219. 36 b.p. $560. for Farm, Shop or Irrigating 3 to 36h.p. Always in stock. Gasoline or Kerosene. Big catalog. Big factory behind it. Agents IVanted Gray Motor Co.,500 Lieb St., Detroit, Mich GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. Z New York Office, 1122 Broadway IIS and gates, For lawns, gardens, parks, ceme- teries, ete Inexpensive, but neat, durable and effective, made of No. 9 galvanized crimped wire @ and coated witha special white paint. Shipped in rolls any length, any height. Booklet on request. THE ACME WIRE FENCE CO. 6804 ATWATER ST., DETROIT, MICH. BURLINGTON ““sis'" BLINDS a FR AN‘'CIS HOW ARD New Studios 5 W. 28th St., N. Y. EXPERT " Send 10 cents for Booklet [aa# SCREEN DOORS Venetian Blind for q Equal 500 mules inside window and northward. Perfect Sliding Blinds outdoor veranda. : . for inside use Any wood; any F privacy with doors Require no i finish to match trim, and windows open. pockets. Any Darkness and breezes_ Weeds any erie (CLINCH right through the | in sleeping rooms. standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO..339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi American Homes and Gardens for Apmil A Country House The opening article for this issue will be the country house of A. Lithgow Devens, Esq., at Manchester, Mass. A competent paper has been prepared by Francis Durando Nichols, which is illustrated by many fine engravings. They show exterior and interior views, and also the grounds around the estate. It is a house worth knowing something about. Garden Notes “Critical Notes on Typical Planting Schemes” is an in- structive article written by Charles Downing Lay for this issue. Mr. Lay, in the same publication, concludes his Planting Table of the Best Perennials, from the March number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS. Helps for the Housewife Phoebe Wescott Humphreys, who is not unknown to the readers of this magazine, will take up a depart- ment entitled “Helps for the Housewife.” Mrs. Humphreys’ paper for this issue will be devoted to the making and canning of preserves. ‘This subject is one that will be of interest to all housekeepers, and it con- tains many helpful and timely recipes. A Concrete City by the Sea Concrete is by no means a new material, for it has been used from the time of the ancient Romans. An inter- esting and instructive article has been contributed by John F. Springer, which deals with this material in its application to modern residential uses. It is hand- somely illustrated by numerous engravings showing many houses of concrete which have been recently built. The exterior and interior views picture a num- ber of modern houses, and with the diagram plans they offer many suggestions for the home builder. Furniture of Our Forefathers Perhaps to the lay reader the cleverest classification of the furniture of the Eighteenth Century would be that of the curve and the straight line. ‘These styles came in the late Georgian period. Esther Singleton has pre- pared an excellent paper on this subject, which con- cludes her series of articles on the Furniture of Our Forefathers which appeared in the February and the March issues of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. Suggestions for Darning The immense popularity of all forms of darning owes its development to the way in which it adapts itself to all kinds of decorative treatment. An illustrated paper written by Mabel Tuke Priestman, shows some of the designs along the lines of simple broad effects which are so much desired to-day in all forms of needle work. The Japanese Garden in America The ever-increasing demand for novelty in the orna- mentation of country-seats, in late years has led to pleasing results as typified in the reproduction of the Oriental garden. An interesting paper prepared by Phoebe Wescott Humphreys, presents the fact that while a few years since there was not a Japanese gar- den constructed upon true Oriental principles to be found on any of the American country-seats, to- day there are many gardens of this character which have been laid out under the directions of competent Japanese craftsmen. The article is profusely illus- trated, and is one that will be of service to those in- - terested. A Novel Rain-Water Collector Owing to the increasing installation of water works, rain-water collectors, which once were so much in favor, in a measure have been neglected. Mr. Alfred Graden- witz, has prepared an interesting paper with illustra- tions of some of the devices which can still be used with satisfaction. ‘These rain-water collectors are specially well adapted for use in country places where there is no water works established. The Sitting Hen and Her Management The season of the year has now arrived when the con- sideration of the sitting hen should be taken up for study. Ida D. Bennett has prepared a paper on the subject and tells in a pleasing way how to manage the setting of a hen, which ought to be of interest to the amateur who is thinking of developing the care of the mother and the raising of her chicks. Wild Flowers Worth Growing In your rambles through the woods when the ground is carpeted with spring flowers, did you ever think of the possibilities of transplanting some of these flowers to your garden? Nathaniel S. Green has prepared an excellent paper on the subject, and tells in a practical way how wild flowers can be transplanted and culti- vated with excellent results. Artistic Novelties for the Easter Table The attractiveness of every table, whether set for luncheon, dinner or parties, may be increased by the addition of timely centerpieces and favors, and the enjoyment of such an occasion is sure to be greater if the individual favors bespeak the characteristics or pet hobbies of the guests. May L. Schryver has prepared an article on how to purchase the necessary favors, or how to work them. The article is profusely illustrated by many fine engravings, showing some exceptionally good designs for table decorations, and are specially well adapted to children’s parties. Home-Made Pottery—III W. P. Jervis presents his third paper on the making of pottery in the homé. He tells in a pleasing way how it may be done, and shows by illustrations the results accomplished. xii | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 EEN, ) Hardware provides the distinction and worth that lie in artistic designs and honest workmanship. Select Sargent Hardware for your dwelling throughout. You have the widest possible choice of harmonious designs 1 in each school and period of architecture so that your personal taste has wide latitude. \ By selecting Sargent Hardware, you ‘), also provide that this portion of your ~) building construction will be of the most substantial character. Sargent quality assures solidity and dura- Sargent locks are secure. Perfect in mechanism, smooth-working, made of finest materials, they are the safest and best locks for every purpose. Sargent Locks and Hardware are preferred by architects, and have been used on thousands of notable public buildings and magnificent private residences. White for Sargent Book of Designs. It illustrates many artistic patterns in the vanous periods and should be in the hands of every person who contemplates building or remodeling. A Complimentary Copy will be sent you on request. We will send our Colonial Book also, if you express an interest in that period. bility where they are most needed. Sargent & Company, 156 Leonard St, New York _ Price, 25 Cents $3.00 a Year POPCrE NTS FOR MARCH, 1911 THE APPROACH TO AN OLD PENNSYLVANIA HOMESTEAD Frontispiece A Woman’s Two-YEAr-OLp Harpy GARDEN FROM SEEDS ...By Adaline Thomson 83 FURNITURE OF OuR ForErATHERS—Early Georgian. Part II By Esther Singleton 86 A RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IN THE SUBURB OF NEW YoRK CITY, By Francis Durando Nichols PLANNING A Pouttry House By James J. Newland CHICKS AND THE CAMERA By Carine Cadby HANDICRAFTSMAN—How to Make a Japanese Lantern of Concrete, By Ralph C. Davison MEPROPRIALE WIOTHORS FORTHE FLOME 0°... 4 60s sae oes By Dorothy Tuke Priestman A PLANTING TABLE OF THE Best ANNUALS, PERENNIALS, SHRUBS AND VEGETABLES, By Charles Downing Lay PLANTING A Frost DeryinG FLowreR GARDEN By I. M. Angell SEEDS AND THEIR PLANTING By M. Roberts Conover By Martha Haskell Clark The Fditor’s Note Book New Books Correspondence Breeding Successful Strains of Basket Willows American Homes and Gardens for April Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - = 2 = FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hcld himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The Approach to an old Pennsylvania Homestead AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, | 91 | Number 3 A Woman's ['wo-Year-Old Hardy Garden from Seeds By Adaline Thomson. 2) ARLY in the spring two years ago, I de- cided to have a real old fashioned gar- den of perennial plants I had dreamed of all my life. The barn—which at this time was within twenty-five feet of the house —was to be moved the following year back to the extreme end of our suburban lot, and the vacant space would offer an ideal location for my garden. After consulting numerous catalogues, I made the dis- covery that to have half of the plants desired, meant an outlay of more money than would be necessary. Now, it was important that the man of the house should not be dis- couraged at the very beginning of my venture, for within that garden of my hopes was to be a sun-dial and a pergola: The decision was made: I would raise my hardy plants from seeds! At once, seeds were ordered of all the hardy plants to be found in the catalogues, and mixed packets were chosen to insure a variety of color. Almost two dollars was the sum invested on these various varieties. . The last of March there was made for me a hot bed; old lumber being used for the frame and a storm window for the sash. After the usual directions were followed as A resting place in one corner of the pergola 84 to its treatment, all of the seeds were sown, two inches apart, and each variety was plainly marked. There were delphiniums, columbines, primroses, pyre- thrums, achilleas, platycodons, hibiscus, monkshood, gail- Shasta lardias, coreopsis, daisies, dianthus, veronicas, rockets, chrysanthemums, penstemons, clovepinks, arabiss, sweet Williams, foxgloves, Oriental poppies, Iceland poppies, forget-me-nots, holly-hocks, canterbury-bells, lobe- lias, garden heliotrope, cenotheras, boltonias, cornflowered asters, armerias, and agrostemma. A goodly company in- deed! Within two weeks all of the seeds had germinated, and during the following weeks it may be safely said that never were seedlings so carefully watered and cared for as were these. By June the plants had become too large for their quar- ters in the hot bed, and they were then transplanted to the nee === AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ft igh os) salle, March, 1g11 noting the habits, height, color, time and length of bloom of each plant and by autumn this contained such a practical fund of knowledge that I was enabled to work out a succes- sive harmonious flowering scheme, and to definitely plan upon paper a place for each individual plant. The last week in August the barn was moved! Within a week the vacant space was fertilized, plowed, harrowed and plotted true to the original drawing, and within a fortnight every perennial was growing in its own especial place in the garden. On the home lot were old clumps of peonies, iris, lemon lilies, bleeding-hearts, phlox, and lilies-of-the- valley, which were divided, and then were used in combina- tion with the other plants, while violets, blood-root, hepat- icas, blue-bells, Dutchmans-breeches, black-eyed Susans, lobelias, lavender phlox and hardy asters— brought from neighboring woods—in the spring time, would _blos- som there, in among their more culti- vated sisters. kitchen garden, to For the construc- grow and to be cul- Lao tion of the pergola tivated in between eZ al Ee rola | we were able to se- the rows of vegeta- cure great logs, bles. At the ap- a ri ri retaining still the pearance of Jack LL shaggy bark of the Frost in the fall, the 40F tx 16P¢. forest trees and plants ree finally QD HARDY PLANTS pe an out given a close cover- % d q twelve inches in ing of leaves and = Bed No.4 ‘ee Ny diameter. Before old litter. That Se a Oo 8 the ground froze, first summer’s work as) ~ every hole was dug was finished. Spring ee x for the uprights of alone would tell we Sy SS Ss the pergola, and whether the experi- a = x beside them were ment had been o & planted hardy worth while. ay vines, which event- The very spirit 0 ually would cover of summer, how- its roof. ever, was brought With the ap- into those winter proach of winter evenings following, order these vines, to- for then it was—as Uncovered Path to House gether with the per- ehre /vfire cheerily on hearth—t hat the real garden was planned. The mas- ter of the house was pressed into service for this important work, and he grad- ually formulated a most practical plan, (see plan) drawing it upon paper true to scale in every detail. Again, almost unaware, spring slipped in upon us. In April, when the litter was removed, it was a joy to find that all of the precious perennials were alive and looking as fresh and green as though just planted there. I was singing with the robins, for the experiment had succeeded! I had between three and four hundred hardy year-old-plants, which were as good as any to be found in the nursery. There could be no set-back from change of climate, or of locality, the cost had been small, and the labor involved but a wonderful pleasure. Yet, there were five long months of waiting before the barn could be moved and the garden plotted. After all, would my ex- pectations be realized, and the whole experiment be a success? That second summer I kept faithfully a garden diary, burned the DERIVE WAY The plan of the garden ennials, were given the same careful protection as the previous year, and again I waited the coming of spring. Very early in the spring the pergola was built. The whole work was success- fully done, and was accomplished entirely by unskilled labor, though this was made possible only by the help of that detailed plan. The finished pergola was not only extremely artistic in effect, but it had given tone and dignity to the whole garden, and at the same time served as a striking instance of the indebted- ness of form to beauty which the adoption of this accessory makes to the grounds. The hardest part of the work about the pergola was done during the winter months, for in this time all of the logs were sawed and split into the necessary dimensions. In the spring there remained nothing but the placing and fitting together of the logs. (See plan.) With the coming of June the garden fairly leaped into a blaze of rioting color! Dazzling blood-red, black- blotched Oriental poppies, flaunted in among the white of early phlox—(Miss Lingard)—and tall stately fox gloves—pink, white and purple—sweet Williams, delicate March, 1911 garden pinks, sky- blue delphiniums ind spiderwort, dark purple canter- bury bells, scarlet lychnis, tender blue bells, white achil- leas, sweet rockets, aniebeelates, deep yellow columbines, carried light into every part of the garden. July scattered against the pictur- esque green vined pergola, wonderful blossoms of purple and white clematis, and sweet scented honeysuckles. Tall hollyhocks lifted high their many hued blossoms, while white Shasta daisies, early monkshood, feathery campion, penstemon, coreopsis, and cornflower asters, vied together for supremacy. August brought the deep orange and yellow of golden-glow, coreopsis, and gaillardia, the blue of veronica, the white of the day lily, and the countless shades of perennial phlox, while the perogla glowed scarlet and purple and yel- low with bright blossoms of nasturtiums and morn- ing glory vines. The autumn wove gar- lands of starry-eyed as- ters and golden rod, while hibiscus, oxeyed daisies, armerias, crimson _lobe- lias, tall monkshood and larkspurs, and sweet Jap- anese anemone’s _ blos- somed luxuriantly, giving no sign that winter was near. Now the warm sunshine had begun to coax the peren- aials from their hiding places, for here and there over the garden could be seen green shoots pushing their way — eee SS The rear yard before the barn was moved from it AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3 # The new garden occupying the old site of the barn Garden Calendar Hepaticas, Blood-root. June July Sie ie at August September October Primroses, Arabiss albida, Wild phlox, Dutchmans- breeches, Jacobs-ladder, Shooting-stars. Iceland poppies, Peonies, Lemon lilies, For-get-me- nots, Pyrethrums, Bleeding-hearts, Heliotrope, Co- lumbines, Violets, Irises, Lilies-of-the-Valley. Oriental poppies, Miss Lingard phlox, Fox-gloves, Sweet-William, Pinks, bells, Late yellow columbines. Delphiniums, Lychnis, Blue-bells, Achillea, Rocket, Canterbury- Hollyhocks, Shasta-daisies, Campion, Penstemon, Spider-wort, Monkshood, Cornsflower-asters, Monarda, Coreopsis. Gaillardia, Golden-glow, Coreopsis, Veronica, Day- lily, Perennial phlox, Agrostemma. Hardy asters, Golden-rod, Hybiseus, Oxeyed-daisies, Liatris, Lobelias, Monkshood, Larkspurs, Japanese Anemones. Gaillardias, Coreopsis, Delphiniums, Monkshood, Japanese Anemones, Chrysanthemums. beauty. 85 through their cover- ing of leaves. My — enthusiasm was boundless, and yet, standing there at the very thresh- old of spring, I was torn with con- flicting | emotions: The time was just at hand when I should know for a certainty the success or failure of my whole venture. The plants had reached a fair maturity, they were now two years old, results were to be expected. Was I after all to be dis- appointed ? One day in late March, as though to silence my ques- tionings, the hepaticas, scattered along the garden paths, suddenly burst into glorious pink, blue and white blossoms, and following.closely the blood-root with white petals clothing the bare garden with beauty. Now, falling April showers called every grow- ing thing to life and energy, and one after an- other of the familiar plants rose in their places, stronger and thriftier than before. March flowers gave place to April blossoms, hardy primroses changing the garden to tints of crimson, yellow, rose, and saffron. Snow white al- bida, lavender sweet Will- iams, quaint Dutchman- breeches, Jacob’s-ladder, and delicate shooting-star, passed on, in quick suc- cession, each blossom bringing its own special message of Iceland poppies ushered in the month of May, and pure lilies of the valley breathed out their sweet perfume. Pink, white and purple foxgloves, sweet Williams and garden pinks 86 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 Forefathers By Esther Singleton Farly Georgian—Part Il.

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B/S arr frocAra om 22a74 GIS Odorasas wéé7 PEA Llaanm a CCO/NEK 72 = Scarves flax L£KQIRUS AAI SUTES I oe Yarrh/ala Cn oe Mirabilis JH7aea ee Four o'clock ks) FAACELA Be WAITlavia PAlox ° Drurnamn0n da, Forfa/acca IPESE LIE Be o/a eae 2012 Elte Safegash, ‘s ae Sava srrencers = ikea S Car vEe7 Sa, Scatvosa a7rofy oare Z ee WMour 20g Bride is Sch/zaranes x x xX KK RK KK KK KK KR KWH MH KER VEFB EZ ee Wels 7¢/ Cofer /2SY 9) FE IESG TORE SSO Rik FO SCS a SCF IRS at Zinnia IPRoMeke Mele Nelo Cuore Cleo OOOO oOo io SOG GOOO OOOOSOOOOO OOOO 110 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 _ The Best Perennials WIN~ PROPA ~ CON o ke AE) Ghar INES PES SEASON yer|SOIL ae S NS O sulscr @ hel shade s Thar We | ia ‘ ay S x N PR ele) 3 8 a : 8 NES Z eS $/ 1 3] oIN] 8 g x ¢ SSE 1s 4] a @ s4a¢%e 22 B1en7730/ SS) 3S SIN SISOS a =14 9 AN Q)S X NIN N 8 \ \ ba we SvilablEe for Fock Carden NaN W S| S NY XQ y % dv y \ ay g s MIS NININ DN RUNNIN INES I ATR] A GIST SAB] OT SPATS TSI RTS ¥}9 ANNAN RRNA BIRNAI NIE ieeeeceeeanel NEONNEIERNRNKINAIINiIE é SIANIGIVIAT S/S] SPAT STP | [OL ww Zs surfable far cagrops S\qIS SIRO SIRIRINIG/S]O 1818 [4 QI4 mm a ¢ Ag ACaARES an eile Sai c ; ES, Boze PT | Ee tai al A. j She x x xl x[x1x1O “oF BD Sv20-S/5S//2AS A, Alt Sprnos us i a A lee EB CO" The Pear! i gs : . * JO Aconrftum x x x x1@ 4 aufumneale ine A Napes//n s || - ‘ «|@ ee Ae _Wncinasum as % el as aatl| = tas) > A ie VEr2a//S i gales x16 WE? 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LES7O(WEa Bee Bey. x x} x} x1x1O SIL AL Jey ESE arid x “ xi xi wie O * _COrdara ‘Bos fora ; x x xlO a 3 aslérordes O * Ee ; lalisguarma ea f z i é Campane/a : x x x | x x1O aes Carparrc a Ea O 5 x] x * [aes Womerala Ge 3 * Oi eC: “ x x|x}]«]/x/@ i. INACT ANIAA a 3 Z Z O mes INED/ U7 ea g O = xs * gas Nobis ‘ = ga ie ean < C. aes . bad x xi Me] x] *K O ie PEC SICTSO/A (ce ‘ha Sr: x x xIx}]«x1x1O PYl a7 (B/S ‘&, x x x} x] x] x1O 7 cede rOtUNA o//a 0 x Ta ee Van Hoarfe/s 3 eee CéEnr‘aurea x x. x * O * fa macrocsepha/a ee fol Ker S: NORA 2 ei x|O ae Chry Santhéemam 2 x bea x O bape x x x |x| <1x1O oS) [72 179 Deere es OE x x x O | De S7A2RS sls a O x x x we. +éc/a Be Coregps/s : x x _ |utx x!1O =s Tard flora | A pause ieee e x | x x O | QDaphne x x Ch tyings |& ‘fat th 172 x|x]«]x Lee Ry brian re e © Se Dianthus x x x x O Ya) larbaras = e S a O 7 , Cr7pabarinas = Pre ve : Ccracnlus * Ke! : March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS It! The Best Perennials PROPA~ COLOR: moeiG@ialas NUTS a Soy, BS crea ae O cel sun & Aap shade N 08 at @Svea% 2 BeEAI13/ N f 4 Www Su b/efor Fok Garda t y : ; w1elb 15 | ¥]- w 1h ; S loll x x Post 7ACdEr Ar reel JAFEE Two Aare _| eZ S| R272 aagesr SSCTEM4HE Fara Far coforea TUIGUO/SE IP OTECY [orange Pury sh BIAE TEAGVEP Piyvesvon WAILEéE Z = Surrdble for edgiag DIaarhnus ES S Ae /SOldes Ls ep. ae x x XK] Bresvona VAIL OMS i PLEBMAS ‘ SECUIETL DIcEPlrA CANAME? S15 “x x K xX x| GAaraean EXIIEA : éc%ab//'s Dictormads Me Le pes eed Digi tas ; ; WL PUTED £c4/2SCES > aaa et > Coe Ss, ean Galea ¢ » Frigeror : FPECIOSUS Arya GIAla Améelé yp S012 usr x x x ; Svbcorda/a CGarllard/a ar;s7ara Géranluasza Sazguinéan CG/AaVo/es EK MR EK oe, x q x x 277 x * * [ORES Fie so a RNS! Ne NRT tae ea x IOV 7S M188 [CEL sh3 PEPIETOC A//73 | DemorrvEts flava Gane, times Step, Ps Tn dee, Say Gemma HOARE RD I KR Ke OK OM oe KX KX X X KK NOROROROROK( RORCHOROK( KX HOROKOKOK Hi ROROK( ROROCKORCK( RORON( RON¢ RC ROOK i Kt RORORONONOK( MOKt Ki ROMON( RONONON( NC: Heoverere) x TRUABES GIT Weuchéra i Eee ah P92 Geer s2aEA LIV O1S CUS F SPOSCAEUTOS UM YPETI Cuz. , PPIOSESIA2u 07 TAErYS SEAZPES LITE x x JL falta gE VEE CALE ASE A x 4 : x x x bd x x x” x | XN x x x C118 7372 FIOrEL 71722 Gépa2a7/ca JAE VT GAR P wll da PSELATDACOFUS x ME TIC) EM ae Rs neat SV6Er7C2 Sas/anra NWwNN SUS S N x x KPAME EM KSI IK OE SG Ee FOIE OM ON ee OC LE I OCR NH Wscara CazG a bp 72 > Ste SO7es: Ge ’ PVAS LL 7S CEror%era SIATICOS? KK HATE IOP I I II IK I SE FT NE ME I P/A0CP PAI EBOKRSVEIS/ Onu2r/a 3 ‘ WGI SSOUS TETAS /S x Ke KR uM we KK Me KOK OK OM Ke Oo Oe 1X Pafraesgeuer P0723 7 PAP AVES. Ayr 2a7a REHACCABATSE Oris? afa EMT MAS BAL RAT AS F4fox |. i > a a a a) a a aes JU Seta a ir ne a eel ee el MO ee OS See Oe ee ee eas IN S 112 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 The Best Uncommon Shrubs COLOR |GROWTH| HEIGHT | NAME VSES ~ {soIL] | OfFrurt : yy x: ; x Flower 4 Folia gel hE hy aS or ITE Wer Ovbade SE Spade as Rock Garden ZSEDVES 72. a. y ales NINTS MQ] [sez | [eree? | Zee lous| FIOWETS [Fovare LA ble Crcrt wass | FESSISTE ST SY IVIETE) 2a 2 ee ee eee 2 eee ar ee ee ee re ee | Ss: ACanfhopaaax SESSHYLforun ALSCKSES. x x varlabslis CAV Carpe aL PUTED ie = i a eS > => &, Wee s Diets eer } SUS (DLA Pa. poles Wrrs VED OIPES ~ Lrh/ aitlus > s oa Ee, i> ie we} ARDEANAS NANUS OBOVALAS ve VEFFACOSUS FOSREV GIA Garver S722/Or Gorae7/ea MMS 2 772 ALB APD IELTS BOCs2/CA VE. ESE Ee CAAT BAECISTEUS ON It B/2 £8 AF bore sCés7s | Brerschneider/ tise wa *« x x x x Pf x x «K x * * x ; yeer ak ova rs, Ss. ig ie, 7 ALE ellos al ae ‘as KEES ~ Liga yo i La > ey AOKS | DPE C/I OSES JE See ee eee ee 0 eee eee Pee kee C= Ceo Sb Si ae ee oe ae ee ee Ce ES Kee ee eu foe nf ea eee ee SD ee aaa a (ee De (el oe Ree srfre ae ia) LY 12 8 Fe CLAIRE GOMES BARB Sy 7/2 “> eee. S 04/2 72 fs zi. es PABESCEDS vel aD: yoow ae _. Cory7772 Bossa Hess Vice SK CREM IC Ke OX x x KX xK xX & S Va rarcrea par eee. \ ppibe 80ers / eee. Agnas-Casrus XA2SAA0CE Fe = ee. Sorbs fol7a XanlAoslArze2 > BMS S/ 13a “KK x xX @0 09900000000 @000000 @O90000008 00900800 00088009800 300000 March, I9rt oe AMERICAN HOMES “AND GARDENS 113 The Best Vegetables TIME TO TRANS-|SEED | PL DISTANCE | DISTANCE|DEPTH ANTURE 2ice|e Ai fome | TRANTSEED | = NAME teenneen |= iA Bowg=| |S || o|ee % S 0 7o be transplanted 5 x wfo]e A rom seed-hed, n ‘ N 2)alalsletlates v : 3 Re 2 sh = “ur. ae) % ~ aN Bz27o be thyaned ous. % al i a & m * N . © =Perennials y] & % y Si @] vlo =f Ea bast LES as SRS ING Fred BS Sy PSS Pg od Ic Pee KIRIRIRIS TST RIGTEIR IS 1&1 S/S Borecole CKe/e) Brocco’ Brausse/s Sperouts Ca 44age Cardoon Carrot xR & Catal s/ower Ce/arrac Celery Chard Cherrvr/ Chreory CArrer Corn. ~ Sweet Cora ~ _ Corn VEEL Cress Cucumber 4: 99 Plant Eanadve Koh/rabsr Leek Lettuce aS «x RT & = ©. S xX & Bk MWS X « we PT Jalssfy COyrer Plant *Sea Kale Miz) Spinach Sy ~ Tes, Zealand Jouash ~ ROA KR Ke HK KH KAR Note—The Planting Table of Perennials will be concluded in the April number of American Homes and Gardens. 114 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Verbena picked after a killing frost »UCH energy is wasted in sowing tender annuals that are rendered unsightly by the first frosts, when the same time might be given to planting a bed of frost-proof ones that keep their decorative qualities long after sensitive varieties have been destroyed. It is better worth while for the amateur gardener to give his attention to plants that flower for weeks after tender sorts are blackened with the cold, for surely those that will thaw out and regain their freshness, after a cold snap that causes a half-inch of ice to form, pay better for the trouble than the kinds that perish in early October, and leave no choice but with- ered vines or bare ground as an outlook for the rest of the season. Then, too, a frost resisting flower bed can be sowed at the gardener’s leisure, after the spring rush. There are nearly a score of annuals that survive the early frosts. “[wo-thirds of these have been proved by personal experience. Mignonette is so hardy that fresh flowers were picked when the temperature was eight degrees be- low freezing point. It flowered for six weeks after the first frost. This was sowed late in July for fall bloom. Mignonette is at its best during the cool months. It should be sowed in moist, cool soil, that is moderately rich, where shade can be given part of the day. An early sowing bloomed for three months as a result of constant picking, no seed being allowed to ripen. Asters deserve a prominent place on the hardy list, as they will endure more frost than the cabbage of ironclad reputation. Plump seed, of the Branching variety, sowed in early June, will produce a fine fall display. The seed should be sowed an inch deep, in good garden loam, and the surface of the soil sprinkled afterward with air slaked lime to discourage the insects. When the little plants are Planting a Frost Detying Flower Garden By I. M. Angell Some Iron-clad Annuals that Bloomed for Weeks after I ender Plants were Blighted by the Cold Eight iron-clads that were picked four days after killing frost. Annual! Phlox, Sweet Alyssum, Stock, Verbena, Calendula, Cornflower, Mignonette, Pansy March, 1911 Verbena picked after a killing frost an inch high, earth should be drawn up around the stems. A mulch of tobacco stems is a wise precaution when the flowers begin to show. Later, if the black beetle should put in an appearance, he can be fought off with benzine and water, one part of the former to four parts of the latter, mixed in a can and held under the affected parts of the plant. This must be done often for the few days that they will need watching. As asters are very attractive to the squash bug, it is well not to plant too near the vegetable garden. Pansies are near the head of the list for frost defying qualitfes. They escaped destruction when tender plants were blighted under a carpet covering, and revived and lifted their heads after being wilted and almost blackened with . the cold. A fresh blossom was picked on November 24th, more than six weeks after the first black frost. They were sowed in the spring, and in order to force them to their best efforts in the fall, all flower buds were nipped off, and straggling branches pruned, during the hot months, to con- serve their energy for bloom in cool weather. They were sowed in a bed of rich soil, under a tree that provided shade during part of the day. Water and liquid manure were supplied frequently, the’ lattice m itwicema week. From three of these plants 250 flowers were picked in one day. Sweet Alyssum gave a good report of itself during the entire sea- son. Bloom _ began when the little plants were less than two inches high, and con- tinued until covered with snow, forty days after frost annihilated the tender annuals. Seed was sown July Ist for fall bloom. Early plantings of alyssum are improved by cutting back. This variety self-sows freely, and the plants are at their best in the fall. Alyssum can be transplanted when in bloom. Annual Phlox is one of the brightest of the hardy sorts. Combined with sweet alyssum, it made one of the most at- March, 1911 tractive beds that the garden contained. The plants were set in close rows, eight inches apart each way, alyssum and phlox alternating. A bed three feet or more in width is re- quired to give the desired effect. The brilliant phlox and the feathery alyssum form a happy combination; they are of the same height and season of bloom. Cornflowers are a delightful addition to the frost gar- den, if sown in masses, the plants standing not closer than one foot apart. June sown seed will produce fall bloom, and nipping off the flower buds that appear too early will give a better late display. Cornflowers are so hardy that ’ One variety of pansies that defies frost. Picked No- vember 24th, more than six weeks after the first black frost self-sown plants winter over without protection, start into growth the following spring, and begin flowering in May. Annual Larkspur gave fall bloom from spring sown seed. On November 12th a plant was lifted for indoor experi- ments; it was full of buds and still uninjured by three cold mornings when the thermometer registered twenty-six de- grees. : Verbenas are among the gayest of the frost proof an- nuals. They came to no harm when exposed to a tempera- ture so low that ice, formed during the night, was still un- melted at noon. Verbenas gave satisfactory bloom as house- plants, after flowering for a season outdoors. This variety AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 115 is useful for sowing in bulb beds to screen the fading folli- age. Petunia is another ironclad. To train it during the sum- mer for fall flowering, pinch back the plants so that they will make a stocky growth. A sunny open bed with warm soil are the conditions that suit it best. Calendula, as its name indicates, is capable of bloom the year round. Even in our climate it is one of the last to succumb to the cold. Warm loose soil gives the best results. Wallflowers are better treated as annuals. The bloom- Phlox Drummondii. One of the highest of the frost- proof annuals. Picked after tender ones were killed by frost ing season begins at midsummer and extends till snow time. Fresh flowers have been picked as late as Christmas. Stock outlived a number of frosty nights. This plant pre- fers cool weather. For fall bloom it should be sown in May in rich soil. The plants should stand one foot apart. Godetia, the tall sort, survived four mornings at 26 de- grees. Everlasting, salpiglossus, forget-me-not, sweet pea, mari- gold, cosmos, snap dragon, salvia, and anemone have all been recommended for fall bloom. All have not been tested by personal experience, but the prospects are fair for some of the varieties. 116 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 1.—After the radish seeds are planted, the soil should be pressed firm with a board. It should be on a level with surrounding soil. between layers of damp flannel. 3.—A hill is such in name only. 3 2.—Seeds may be tested by placing them in a warm place Seeds and Their Planting By M. Roberts Conover 1854 N buying garden seeds you will save much trouble and disappointment if you get them from a dealer who handles the product of reliable seedsmen only. Other- wise your garden planting may become irk- some because of repetition, instead of the wholesome recreation it should be. A supply of seeds saved from the finest garden speci- mens grown the preceding season is a valuable possession for starting the new period. These seeds, if they have been kept cool and dry, should possess the maximum of vitality. The seeds of certain vegetables, such as corn, squash, and a few others, maintain their germinating power for several years, but the majority are good for a few months only. For best results, therefore, plant only those seeds that ma- tured last fall or summer. Where there is doubt as to the life of seeds, they can be tested by giving them moisture and setting them in a warm place. Small seeds are conveniently sprouted by sprinkling a few on some moist wool or flannel and covering them. After twenty-four hours note the proportion of live seeds. If after three days of warmth and moisture the proportion of live seeds is small, the lot is worthlessfor garden planting. For germination, live ceeds must have air, mois- ture and warmth. The normal conditions are moist, friable soil, warm to fifty degrees or more. Soil that remains saturated during the period for germination will cause the seeds to rot, as the surplus of water excludes the air. To prepare the ground for successful planting, it must be stirred to a depth of four or five inches at least, by plowing or digging. ‘This renders the soil a porous medium for the admission of air to the roots and drainage beneath Beans should be planted in very shallow furrows them. The surface should then be finely smoothed or pul- verized by a toothed tool—a harrow in large gardens or a steel-toothed rake for small areas. The finer the seeds the more thorough should be this pulverization of the soil. The depth of planting is regulated, not only by the size of the seeds, but also by their manner of growth. Seeds whose seed-leaves, because of their form, offer the least resistance to the soil, will push up to the air when very deeply planted, others with broad, blunt cotyledons would probably be smothered before they could get through. Such seeds as beans having this characteristic should be planted very shallow. The planting should commence as early in the spring as the weather permits, hardy seeds going in a month or six weeks before the more delicate kinds. Tomato seeds require sixty degrees for germination, and pepper and eggplants seventy degrees or more, and seeds of these must be grown under glass or indoors to become of size for use in transplanting out of doors in May. In my garden, fifty miles south of New York city, I have planted by the first of April, peas, flat purple- top Milan turnips, celery, lettuce, beets, radishes, spinach and onion sets, fol- lowing very simple plant- ing methods. For the dwarf peas, a broad space of twelve inches is pre- pared by drawing the soil away to a depth of one and one-half inches. I scatter the seeds over this, using one pint of seeds for every twenty feet of distance. The soil is then raked back over the seeds. For beets, turnips, lettuce, carrots, spinach and seeds of similar size, narrow shallow furrows are made and the seeds are sown rather thickly, covering with about one- quarter of an inch of earth. Celery seeds are so fine that there is danger of covering March, 1911 AMERTCAN SHOMES AND GARDENS 117 them too deeply. The soil should be very finely worked, same depth, in hills four and one-half feet apart, using six and the seeds sown in a row almost on the surface. With seeds in a hill. Three plants should be allowed to some fine-toothed tool—a child’s garden rake is good—stir survive, so as to avoid too much crowding. the soil gently by passing it up and | S Melons and cucumbers should be planted about May rst, in hills, four feet apart, and covered about one and one-half inches deep. It is wiser to plant eight or nine seeds in a hill and thin out to three when the plants are established. The young plants are susceptible to low night temperature when just through the ground. On this ac- count it is better to make two or three plantings in a hill at intervals down the row four times. In planting radishes in beds the seeds are sprinkled over the pul- verized soil; more soil being sifted over them until they are covered. About half an ounce will plant a bed three by four feet. After planting press the soil firmly over the seed. Onion sets are more tedious to plant than seeds, as they are placed SAY CSE A Tinney PO ta a * Pe > upright in a shallow furrow about ‘Ty: seed bed should be worked fine with a steel Of three days to insure against any three inches apart. The very Mioatherterale loss from frost and cold. large varieties, however, must be I venture to plant string beans set five inches apart. The soil is drawn about them, barely and wax beans by April 20th. If frost comes it kills them of a depth sufficient for use in covering the crowns. and they must be replanted. Do not plant lima beans Cabbage seeds planted in the ee si Sas until the tenth of May, however, as their replanting is almost cer- tain in the vicinity of New York city. Melon, cucumber, bean, squash and pumpkin seeds may _ be sprouted before planting, to hasten them. ‘They should be soaked in luke-warm water for several hours and then kept moist until the sprouts appear. Plant them be- fore these get too long as they are easily broken. open ground about April rst will produce heads in August. The seeds should be planted about one- quarter of an inch deep. ‘These are sown in a row as are beets, or turnips, but are transplanted for subsequent growth, when about four inches high. About the middle of April, sweet corn and long-necked squash may be planted, if the weather is real spring-like. The corn is planted in hills about two and one- A principle of planting, which is half feet apart and an inch and absolutely essential to its success is one-half deep. About five grains “ Planet seed drill saves much labor in planting a that the soil must be pressed firmly large garden. It can be adjusted for any are planted in each hill. These Thad) Ahad over the seeds to insure their con- hills are such in name only, being tact with it. A hoe or a piece of isolated spots on a level with the surrounding ground. board will do the work nicely. Neglect of this important The seeds of summer squash are planted at about the duty frequently results in great loss to gradeners. Growing Asparagus in the Garden A simple method of preparation and cultivation for the amateur @aHEN selecting roots for garden planting, plan. To the novice it may be well to explain that the it is better to choose two-year-old roots asparagus is a slow growing plant whose productiveness than those of one year, since the former depends upon the strength of the root and its ability to may be cut the second year after planting. force upward a number of spears whose loss in cutting WAwe One year roots give a longer lived bed will not deprive the plant of its vigor. This strength is $73 and a heavier yield, but cannot be cut attained after four years of growth from seed planting, before the third year. In a garden a_ hence farmers and gardeners generally buy roots of thrifty bed of shorter duration than fifteen years is often more growth and thereby hasten the time of yield. desirable since it admits of some change in the garden The roots are planted in trenches plowed to a depth of The young roots are set in deep trenches which are gradually filled After the cutting season the bed is leveled and the asparagus in as the young plants grow is allowed to grow 118 from eight to twelve inches with a _ two-norse plow. it the first furrow does not reach tae desired depth, the plowman should go over it again. lhe deeper the plants are set, the more enduring the bed. If you examine an as- paragus root, you will dis- cover two or three small white sprouts. These sprouts will eventually be- come the feathery top vis- iole above ground. Some roots will have more sprouts than these, but tneir greater number is a disadvantage as the root cannot support them in vigor. The root must be so placed in the trench that these sprouts or pips are uppermost, and, as the gardener sets them in position he should cover them with about two inches of earth. The first shoots up are so fragile that too great a depth of earth will often smother them, and after exhausting all of its sprouts the root must die. A distance of twelve inches is sufhcient space between plants. Roots are set about the first of April, before growth com- mences, or after growth has ceased in the fall. Assuming that the roots have been properly set and are, with the warmer days, sending up slender spears, and it becomes necessary to stir the soil to destroy tiny weeds and for needs of cultivation, the soil along the edge of the trench must be gently stirred so that about an inch or two falls in about the plants where a second or third sprout is struggling through. Lawn Home owners everywhere are happy over the remark- able grass-growing efficiency of KALAKA The Wizard Lawn Producer For Every Well Kept Lawn sy You sow Kalaka just like any grass 2, seed; water it and itsprings into life. Seed and F ertilizer Combined Choicest seeds scientifically mixed with a pow- erful concentrate of dried cattle manure, from which all dirt, dust, chaff and foreign seeds are eliminated. Kalaka is sown like any grass seed, but goes further than same quantity of ordinary seed. 5-lh. Box for $1.00 Sent express prepaid anywhere East of Missouri River or west of the River for $1.25. Try it. Let us send free booklet ‘‘How to Make a Lawn’’. THE KALAKA COMPANY 825 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards CHICAGO, ILL, Garden Work About the Home (Continued from page xiii) garden, would it be possible to have tulips or bulbs planted at all this year? “T shall consider it a great favor if you will explain these things to me, and [ in- tend following your plan for the formal garden as exactly as I can. “My place is in the country, sixty miles up the James River from here, and I have every reason to believe I can raise all the plants you have listed, as this climate is very mild,” writes M. M., Richmond, Va. The garden is 84x134 feet. The num- bers refer in some cases to the tulips, in other cases to the plants shown in the same: bed. The tulips are, of course, planted in the fall and the other plants in the spring, after the tulips have flowered. The dahlias are planted after the early tulip bulbs are taken up, as the early tulips give a satis- factory bloom only once. The late tulips, which often improve from year to year, can be left in the ground, and the snap- dragons and other things can be planted between them. There is no doubt that you can grow all these plants on the James River, and you can probably do better, as the plan was designed for a cold hill in Northern Connecticut. I am sorry that you are going to copy the plan, as it is very seldom that a gar- den designed for one situation can be built in another, because the conditions of sit- uation and surroundings are so unlikely to be the same. A garden is always designed to fit its environment, and it is doing vio- lence to the scheme to attempt to use it in dissimilar surroundings. All that one can ever do is to adapt the broad outlines and perhaps some of the details to a new site, but one is seldom tempted in that way because the new site always suggests new schemes that fit bet- ter than any such adaptation could pos- sibly fit. I am glad that you like the plan and hope you will be successful in your adapta- tion. SEA WATER A LIQUID FOOD T HAS hitherto been supposed that ma- rine animals derive their food from each others’ bodies and, in the last analysis, from plants, says Prometheus. A few years ago, however, Puettner discovered that the sea contains dissolved food ma- terials, upon which some marine animals, notably sponges, appear to live exclusively. A given volume of sea water contains in dissolved condition 24,000 times more car- bon than it contains in the form of organ- isms. Puettner proved that one species of sponge, if it were compelled to exist upon ready formed food, could obtain in one hour only 1/2300 of the quantity of carbon which it consumes in that time; and in order to obtain even this small quantity, it would have to fish over twenty times the volume of sea water which would suffice to supply it with all the carbon it requires in the form of dissovled complex carbon com- pounds. Very interesting in this connec- tion is the observed fact that comparatively small quantities of ready formed food are found in the digestive cavities of the lower marine animals. Hence sea water is, for a great many invertebrate animals, a nutri- ent fluid from which they absorb food, as the cells of animal tissues absorb food from the bodily fluids, animal parasites from the media in which they live, and all plants from their environment. The sea is an inexhaustible reservoir of food. Artistic Light for the Home Merely to have light is not enough —the light must be refined, evenly dif- fused and artistic. A good electric light for reading or playing the piano must not be glaring —but it will be un- less it has the right globe. Reg. U. 8. Pat. Off. That is why I make over 2,000 styles of electric lighting glass. These globes and shades not only control the light and make it effective as illumination, but they make it decora- tive as well. They mellow the brilliancy —they tone the harsh, bare light, making it blend agreeably with the room as a whole, and greatly enhancing its beauty. Write for my catalogue and learn about my 2,000 styles of electric light- ing glass, in all shapes and colors and in silk, satin and velvet finishes. This catalogue will help you select the right glass for every electric light, so that you can get just the effect you want. Send for it—then buy of your dealer. MACBETH Pittsburgh PHILADELPHIA: 42 South Eighth Street 19 West 30th Street Macbeth-Evans Glass Company CHICAGO: 178 East Lake Street NEw YORK: HomeLike Comfort! and Beauly _ You cannot realize the satisfy- ing comfort and beauty of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs — they not only add to the refinement and the home-like appearance but great- ly enhance the value and importance of your property. Hardy Perennials carefully graduated in color, bloom and height, will supply this necessary finish and make your grounds gay with flowers and the beautiful colorings of nature, from early Spring till late in Autumn. Catalog Containing Landscape Plans Free It is the only catalog published containing lands- cape plans and tables telling you how and fs whattoplant to obtain the best and 2%, most pleasingresults. Weber . prices are always reasonable. H. J. Weber & Sons, Nursery, Missouri xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | WOLFF PLUMBING GOODS FIFTY-SIX YEARS OF QUALITY ST. LOUIS, Mo., 2210-2212 PINE STREET MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 615 NORTHWESTERN BUILDING CLEVELAND, OnI0, BUILDERS EXCHANGE KANSAS CITY, Mo., 1204 SCARRETT BUILDING of grass, use an ““Anyweight. money—save your lawn, WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO., Box 9, Monroe, Mich. ; BRANCH OFFICES: CINCINNATI, On10, 505 Lyric BUILDING CHICAGO-SU Eliminates clothes posts. Is portable and can be removed when not in us: Holds 165 feet of line. Excels all others in strength, durability and conveniencu in handling. Each arm operates independently. When opened, arms lock in position and stretch lines. When closed, arms lock automatically. Send fcr one today. Price $10 complete, including steel post and metal-lined socket. If not satisfactory return and we will refund money. Write for descriptive and illustrated free folder No. EK. Do it now. THE CHICAGO DRYER CO., 383 E£. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. achine for e hard, summer lawn. The “‘Anyweight’’ Water Ballast Roller is built in 3 sizes, all of 24 inch diameter and of 24, 27 and 32 inch widths. The machine shown here (our smallest) weighs but 115 Ibs. empty, 470 Ibs. when completely filled with water, and 737 lbs. with sand. The other sizes j weigh 124 and 132 lbs. empty and from that ‘‘anyweight”” up to half a ton. Filled in 30, seconds—emptied in a jiffy, Fully protected by our patents. Runs easy—lasts a lifetime. H + We will mail you, postpaid, our valuable and This book sent free : interesting book on The Care of the Lawn,” together with folder about the ““Anyweight."’ Write us to-day. Save The renting agent calls atten- tion to the WOLFF PLUMBING FIXTURES as his best guarantee to the prospective tenant of the high grade of the plumbing system—in- deed, the type of the whole build- ings is many times inferred from the use of WOLFF material throughout. When renters be- come builders, the worries from ‘‘assembled’’ plumbing, con- trasted with the perfect service of the all- built - by - one- house WOLFF plumbing, makes it easy for the architect to use WOLFF specifications. ESTABLISHED 1855 L. Wolff Manu- facturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 W. Lake St., Chicago DENVER TRENTON Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago SAN FRANCISCO, CaL., MONADNOCK BUILDING OMAHA, NEB., 1116-1118 DOUGLAS STREET WASHINGTON, D. C., 327 BOND BUILDING BUFFALO, N. Y., 61 MANCHE° TER PLACE CLOTHES DRYER c FOR LAWN USE, Weighted with Water. Fes) A lawn roller whose weight can be adjusted to the conditions of your lawn, garden or tennis court : { A light Machine for the soft, wet spring lawn. All in one + A heavy Machi ( A heavier Machine for the driveway or tennis court. Why buy one of the old style iron or cement fixed-weight rollers that is generally too heavy or too light to do your lawn the most good, paying for two or three hundred pounds of useless metal—and freight on it as well—when less money will buy the better, more efficient. “Anyweight” Water Ballast Lawn Roller. Remember that a difference of 50 pounds may mean success or ruin to your lawn—a half ton machine will spoil itin early spring, while a 200 Ib. roller is absolutely useless later in the season. If you desire a fine, soft, springy turf of deep green, instead of a coarse, dead looking patch March, 1911 Problem in Home Furnishing (Continued from page xiii) FWO GUEST-ROOMS WITH SLOPING CEILINGS “Tn remodeling an old farm house we have added windows to the guest rooms on the third floor, but have not been able to do away with the sloping lines of the ceil- ing,” writes Mrs. M. McC. “Now, we are puzzled as to the wall treatment, curtains, etc. One is a single, one a double room.” The two rooms may be made distinctly different yet equally attractive by using a flowered paper in one,—a pink rose on a trellis costs thirty-six cents a roll—and a canary-colored lattice paper at fifty cents a roll in the other. The patterns should be such as may be run from the floor over the ceiling and down on the opposite wall. This does away with the uneven ceiling lines and impossible picture moldings. Starting with these color notes, the rose room may have curtains of white nain- sook edged with lace looped back against the casement, with straight over-curtains of pink Japanese cotton crépe; rugs made of cretonne strips woven in a hand-loom,—col- ors, pink and green on a white ground; white enamelled furniture with two willow chairs stained green and cushioned with rose cretonne. The larger guest room with pale yellow wall-paper may combine blue and green in some of the furnishings, a Scotch rug with a green mixed in the border may be chosen for the floor covering. An English chintz with a bird design may be made into covers for the twin beds, and also for over-curtains at the windows. Mahogany furniture in good reproductions from the old styles may in- clude a fireside chair, rush-seated rocker, candle-stand and sewing table. A small top table for holding a breakfast tray may also be remembered. (See answer to ques- tion on breakfast trays.) A screen is a necessary article of furnishing in a double guest room, and covered with cretonne like the bed-spread, helps to unify the decora- tive features. ; COVERING FOR A FIRESIDE CHAIR A Richmond (Va.) correspondent has — just bought a wing or fireside chair, and asks what kind of material would be the most suitable for a cover. “The library,” she writes, “where this chair is to be used has Oriental rugs in which tans, blues and greens predominate. The furniture already in the room is upholstered in olive-green linen velour. The wall space above the bookcases is gold and green Japanese leather paper resembling burlap. As this one large chair will be rather prominent in the room I would like its covering to be a pleasing note.” There are numberless good patterns in the wool tapestries from which to choose a covering for this chair, and the verdure designs combine the colors that would suit this room,—tans, browns and greens. While the cost of the wool tapestries seem high in comparison with the cotton ones, the for- mer are more durable, both in color and texture. FERN DISH FOR DINING TABLE A request comes to suggest some kind of receptacle for ferns suitable for standing in the center of a dining table. Either metal or pottery can be used for holding potted ferns. Usually a tin lining is fitted inside the holder. A silver fern- dish accords with fine table linen and china, and copper or brass are appropriate for - simpler conditions. A plain green bowl is always in good taste, and this is not difficult to find in the Japanese stores. March, rgrI AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVI Hints for the Housewife (Continued from page xiii) wire spring in it. Mark the child’s name on the clothespin and when the rubbers are taken off fasten them together with the clothespin. When the rubbers are in use keep the clothespin in one place where it is convenient. Children can be taught to take care of their own rubbers in this way, which will save much confusion when the rubbers are wanted. C. D. P—It is not an unusual thing to have our clothing. towels, etc., rusted by hanging on iron nails. It pays to paint all hooks that are to be put up in the pantry, kitchen or bathroom. If this is done there will be no rust spots to struggle with. The hooks may be dipped in good white enamel paint and allowed to dry “thoroughly before they are put up, if one has no brush with which to paint the hooks. K. A. B—All housekeepers have experi- enced the difficulty of keeping cheese any length of time and having it remain soft and free of mold. This can be very easily done by slipping the cheese after you have cut it into strips into a fruit can and screw- ing the top on tight. You will find you have accomplished what you have aimed at, that is, moist cheese and not moldy. F. O. B—Any cut glass piece that you have had broken can be mended splendidly by being riveted with small silver rivets. This also applies to china. Any china or cut glass firm will do this work, and it will scarcely show and is very durable. F. D. M.—Do you save the water corn beef and fresh beef have been boiled in? There is a great economy in doing so, you will find if you try it once. After the meat has been removed set the water away to thoroughly cool. You will find that a thick white cake of grease will form on the top of the water. This can be taken off in a solid mass, put in a granite pan and set on the stove where the grease will melt slowly. Let it remain on the fire until it stops bubbling, then strain through a very fine hair sieve, put in old cups or jars and let harden. There are a variety of ways in which this usual wholesome shortening can be used, and so save the lard. Ginger snaps and ginger bread with a little addition of butter are very good made with this short- ening; it is also good for shortening griddie cakes, breakfast muffins, frying potatoes. making them a pretty color and crisp. There are a dozen different ways this shortening can be used very advantageously. J. C. B—A very good thing to use when pressing sleeve seams so that the seam will not make a mark is a section of an old broom handle. Cover the handle with sev- eral thicknesses of flannel; an old drawers leg or sleeve of a shirt is just the thing for this. A sleeve board made in this way is as good, if not better, than one that is to be bought, and can be most easily made, with no expense. It is well to sew the flannel on the stick. F. D. T.—A number of small, soft pil- lows for the use of an invalid will be much appreciated. They can be put below the feet as a sort of brace, under the bed clothes to remove their weight; they are often a great comfort as a support beneath the tired arms, or at the hollow of the back. A patient can always find just the spot for one of these little pillows. So make a num- ber; they will bring comfort and rest. W. R. G—When making toast for in- valids it is very wise to cut it in strips. It is far more tempting to the patient sand many times more toast will be eaten than Wouldn’t you like to know in advance what colors would look best on the outside of your house? We have a Portfolio of color schemes for house-painting which we send free on This shows colors in artistic There are fifteen of these plates, each showing a different style of architecture and each request. combinations on actual! houses. suggesting a different color scheme with complete specifications for obtaining it. Another Portfolio— this one on Interior Decoration This Portfolio shows an attractive cottage bungalow, decorated and furnished throughout. Each room, as well as three exteriors, and a veranda, are shown in their actual colors, and accompanying each plate are carefully worked out specifications. Even the curtains, rugs, draperies and furniture are suggested. You canadapt any or all of the color combinations in the Portfolio, or our Decorative Depart- ment upon request will prepare without cost special suggestions for your use. Write today for these two helpful Portfolios. SHERWIN-WILLIAMS taf INTS E- ea Sold by dealers everywhere: Ask your local dealer for color cards and full information For the Special Home Decoration Service write to The eng hedoteia Co., Decorative Dept. 668 wena Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio RT OT NARITA TANTT I SIC CL Ck e e Most cement and plaster exteriors are lacking in warmth and color. By using PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING it’s an easy matter to obtain just the right tone to harmonize with the rest of the color scheme and the natural surroundings. Made in white and several artistic shades. Petrifax also gives UNIFORMITY ot color which is impossible to secure in ordinary cement or plaster work. Petrifax fills the pores, waterproofing the surface it covers, yet preserving its texture. The mineral base is carried into the cement by a volatile liquid, which evaporates readily, leaving a hard but f elastic surface that will not chip, crack or peel. Rain and dampness cannot penetrate it, climatic changes cannot affect it. Let us tell you more about this waterproof coating. Ask for our interesting booklet. ZN Dexter Brothers Co. |{37 Seca n en Msg Makers of Dexter Brothers English Shingle Stains N Agents : H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago ;John D. S. Potts, 2 Re i E. B. Totten, Security Bldg. St. Lo yuis; VAs Be sure the word PETRIFAX and our signature an . Ala., Jacks¢ onville, Fla., C., New Orleans, L a., and Atlanta, Ga.; C. M Brocket Cement Con Kansas City, Mo. ; Sherman Kimball, San Francisco, Cal. ; F. S. Combs, Halifax, N. S., AND DEALERS. Old Colonial Mansion Newburgh, N. Y. UR AGENTS IN NEW YORK, BOSTON, tet CHICAGO, NEW ORLEANS, PITTSBURG, A 7 DES MOINES, ETC., WILL CONTRACT 10 FUR. . NISH AND ERECT FENCE. WRITE OUR FAC- MROUGHT IRON PICKET FENCE, ORNAMENTAL WOVEN WIRE LAWN FENCE, FARM AND POUL- 2==2 TRY FENCE, IRON FENCE POSTS, WINDOW A®. WRITE OUR FACTORY FOR FREE CATALOGUE. =, ONE HUNDRED ARTISTIC DESIGNS OF FENCE AND ENTRANCE GATES ALSO LETTERED GUARDS, RAILINGS. VASES, SETTEES. TORY FOR THEIR ADDRESS. {) ARCHES. WE MAKE SPECIAL GRILLES, FIRE ESCAPES. DESIGNS FOR PAR- AREAGRATINGS. ETC. . <4 rt _ TICULAR PEOPLE. HIGH ’ = S , SUPERIOR b tle E,24"4 ST.. VEVUVVUNS No. 104 <—- So ~~ SSS The old adage, “look before you leap” now reads, “look before you lease.’”’ A poorly heated building is no renting (or sales) bargain at any price—because no house is really worth living in with- out plenty of clean, health- ful, invigorating warmth. That is why AMERCAN [DEAL are proving in many thousands of buildings, of all classes, in America and Europe, to be the greatest boon of the century in utmost betterment of living conditions, as well as in reducing the cost of living. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators bring freedom from the back-breaking work, ash-dust and poisonous coal-gases which attend the use of old-style heating At the same time, an outfit of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators will prove to be a dividend-paying investment to you—far better than bonds at 6% — as in a few years the outfit saves enough in coal and cleaning, time and temper, no rusting or repairs, to quickly repay the original cost. devices. A No. 3015 IDEAL Boiler A No.3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 175 ft. of 38-in. AMER- and 400 ft. of 38-in. AMER- ICAN Radiators, costing ICAN Radiators, costing the owner 125, were the owner $215, were used to heat this cottage. used to heat this cottage. At these prices the goods can be bought of any rep- utable, competent Fitter. This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. Public Showrooms in all large cities real estate agent will tell you that IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators will attract and hold best tenants at 10% to 15% higher rental; or assist to sell the prop- erty quicker, at full price paid for the outfit. The Value of a Name Every Morgan Door leaving our factory has the word “MORGAN” stamped on it. This is for the protection of the house builder, who is then assured that he is getting Morgan Doors if he sees the name. Are spec'fied by all up-to-date architects and are furnished by dealers who do not substitute. If the door you get has not the word ‘“‘MORGAN” on it, it is not a Morgan Door. Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong, and built of several layers of wood with grain running in opposite directions. Shrinking, warping or swell- ing impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard wood—Birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white Oak, brown Ash, Mahogany, ete. Highest standard of door quality. Very best for Residences, Apart- ments, Offices, Bungalows or any building. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. You can have Morgan Doors if you specify and ins:st. In our new book—*‘Vhe Door Beautiful’’-- Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in all styles of architecture for interior or exterior use, and it is explained why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. A copy will be sent on request. Architects:—Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s Index, pages 794 and 795. Morgan Company, Dept. A. Oshkosh, Wis. Distrivuted by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md. . Handled by Dealers who do not substitute. Soe SSS ESS aoa Sem kee Any owner, architect or Whether landlord, tenant, or intending builder, whether your build- ing is OLD or new, FARM or city, it willpay you well to LOOK INTO the merits of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators. Tellusof the building you wish to heat. catalog (free) put you under no obligation to buy. now most favorable. AMERICANRADIATOR COMPANY hs os fs oe oe ob os oe ok os oe aM fs oa ots os obs offs oe oe oe ts ote as Chicago 2 Z re se is ere ee Our information and Prices are Write today. Write to Dept. 6 iil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Soe Ea ina aa es =o ene March, rg11 though it was in a large piece. To one who has a poor appetite, to eat the delicate strips does not appear such an undertaking, and, besides, there is no need to break the toast and so make objectionable crumbs. J. W. K.—Much time, labor and stove polish may be saved if, every day, instead of blackening the stove in the usual way, you allow the fire to dampen down, then, when the stove is cooled off, rub it thor- oughly with a newspaper. Stoves will keep bright for a long time taken care of in this way. GILDING GLASS. PART from the gold decorations on hollow glassware, the process of gilding glass, for all possible pur- poses, is the time-honored one involving the use of gold leaf. The chemical processes of gilding, owing to their complicated character, have not found widespread in- troduction. This is also in part due to the fact that, in gilding glass, we have, for the most part, to deal only with small surfaces. The tools for gilding work are the simplest imaginable: A gilder’s cushion, consisting of a little board, with a leather pad and on a narrow side a protective shield of strong paper, or thin pigskin, nailed on. On the under side is a leather loop, in which the thumb of the left hand is inserted, so that the cushion can be handled like a painter’s palette. From the book of gold the gilder carefully blows several leaves of gold against the protective shield, passes the gilding knife under one of these leaves and spreads it smoothly on the cushion. With the knife it is then divided into strips of the requisite length and breadth, which are laid on the surface to be gilded. For this purpose he employs a broad brush, thinly set with hairs, which is known as the gilding tool. As the adhesive medium, or binder, be- tween the gold and the glass, he employs a solution of water, alcohol and isinglass. The preparation of this adhesive de- mands the greatest care, and experience is the best teacher. Upon this the suc- cess of the entire work depends. Take a small piece of isinglass, boil it out thoroughly in water, pour the solu- tion through gauze and add a little alcohol to it. With a short, thick brush, of hair, apply this solution quite liberally to the glass surface to be gilded and lay the proper piece of gold on it. Proceed in this manner until the entire plate has been gilded. In the meantime remoist- ening is constantly necessary. This must, however, be done in such a manner that the gold is not floated off by the liquid. After gilding, place the glass plate in a sloping position and allow the surplus water to drain off. Then lay the plate, gilded side up, in a box, place over it unsized tissue paper, and dust over this washed chalk. The object of this is to ab- sorb the moisture and the paper interposed is to prevent the balling up of the chalk, just as the alcohol expedites the evapora- tion of the fluid and insures a brilliant gloss to the gilding. When the gilding is perfectly dry we can proceed to the polishing. For this purpose we use a rag of soft silk velvet with which we rub vigorously, backward and forward, over the gold surface. If, during the polishing, the gold rubs off, then either the gilding was not properly dry or the solution was too weak, If March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS it was too strong, that is to say, if too much isinglass was used, the gold, after polishing, will show spotted places and the high polish will be lacking. These are signs of which every layman can avail himself, and a little patience will soon bring results. Dull gilding on glass calls for a coat- ing of varnish. The surface to be gilded must be coated with damar or copal var- nish by means of a soft, broad brush, thinly and evenly, which is the principal thing. After drying, which must have proceeded so far that on touching the varnish with the finger nothing comes off, the leaf gold is laid on evenly and smoothly. This gilding is not polished over. Another kind of gilding is the oil gild- ing, such as is used on tombstones and for other outside work. The lettering that has either been carved by the stone- cutter in stone, granite, etc., or, in the case of glass plates, etched with the sandblast, is given, to insure greater durability to the gilding, a priming coat of oil paint, to which some ocher has been added, and when thoroughly dry slightly moistened with oil-size. This is allowed to dry to the same extent as in dull gilding, and we then proceed to apply the gold, which is pressed down firmly with a soft brush. Even sizing means even drying of the oil-size and this facilitates the work and immeasur- ably increases the durability. The gold projecting beyond the edges of the letters is very easily removed by drawing a cloth, not too damp, tightly over the gilded plate and allowing it to remain for a time. As the lettering is recessed, the dampness of the cloth will only affect the surplus gilding and this, after the cloth has been removed, can easily be scraped off with the aid of a steel spatula. What has been said of leaf gilding ap- plies also to leaf silvering, except that the solution for bright silver gilding must contain rather more isinglass, as the leaf silver is harder than gold. For oil gilding we do not use leaf silver, but leaf aluminum, because the former tarnishes on exposure to the air, i. e., is oxidized. SOFTENING HARD WATER N a small scale, for household use, hard water can often be softened by simple boiling. It becomes some- what turbid thereby on account of the sepa- ration of the carbonates of calcium and magnesium, soluble only in water contain- ing carbonic acid, when the carbonic acid is expelled. By the addition of a little soda, varying according to the hardness of the water, it can also be softened. On a large scale, hard water may be softened by the addition of a suitable quantity of lime milk. The lime combines with the free carbonic acid and thereby the cal- cium and magnesium carbonates, previ- ously held in solution, are also rendered insoluble. DULL VARNISH LLOW 12 to 11 parts of seed lac to steep in 9 to 11 parts of spirits of sal ammoniac. Then add 80 parts of water, in which 1 to 2 parts of fluid extracts of logwood, 0.1 part of blue vitrol and 0.1 part of sugar of lead have been dissolved; shake well, and add just enough lamp-black to produce a deep black. Pergolas—Ready to Set Up NY man-about-the-house or carpenter of ordinary ability can set up these pergolas by following the simple instructions we send with the crated sections. Our new departure places pergolas of a number of the most modern and most approved designs, and of excellent quality, within the reach even of the owners of modest-priced homes. The saving in money averages about one- third to one-half the cost of such equipment when made to order. ‘The saving in time may amount to many weeks. Our illustrated catalog will show you how you can acquire a pergola of correct design and proper construction without the usual trouble and excessive cost. Let us send it to you. 155 LaSalle Street, Chicago, Ill. (One of our Pergolasas it appears when erected) For catalog and prices address The Pergola Company, Try Johnson’s Wood Dye : Will Yous’ Waxat our Expense? We'll gladly send you samples of all of Johnson’s Wood Finishes—together with copy of our beautifully illustrated book by famous experts—printed in five colors—‘“The Proper Treatment _for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture’’—absolutely free. This Book . ;. tells you how to finish or refinish all woodwork, floors and furniture. . Read Free Offer Below. i Johnson’s Wood Dye “—not a varnish stain—but a deep-seated Dye which penetrates the wood and fixes a in id atoce, shades, MY color. Made os = Ap © Johnson’s Prepared Wax “% for all woodwork, floors and P furniture (including pianos). Anyone can easily use Johnson’s Pre- pared Wax over any finish or on the bare wood for that beautiful, artistic, dull y finish so much in vogue. , Ask your dealer for : sample. in 14 artistic shades. Johnson’s Wood | Dye makes inex- pensive soft woods as beautiful and |. artistic as expen- i sive hard woods. Color plates and directions for use ‘ _ in the booklet. a 4 J Johnson’s Kleen Floor gy for cleaning all polished floors, stairs, and * finished surfaces, keeping them in perfect condi- * tion. Apply witha + yeineen: iis. | a thin, elastic spirit finish far superior varnish or shellac. Not thick or sticky or , slow-drying like varnish—ncither does it § dry too quickly like shellac. Especially good on linoleums and _ oilcloth, bring- ing out the pattern and giving a finish § as glossy as new. Protects from wear | —makes cleaning : easy. Dries hard © inan hour. Gal- \ Jons $2.50— ,. quarts 70c— pints 40c. to After using, give * \ the surface a coat /~ , of Johnson’s Pre- “>, pared Wax _ and the wood a willlook just Hy ©) likenew. Free Book and Sample Offer ““ We have sent a liberal supply of Answer 103s * Johnson’s Wood Finishes—to- come Oe ONG REE ; gether with a supply of our beautiful Instruction Book by famous experts—illus- trated in five colors—to all leading dealers who handle paints, for your %& use, free. If your dealer hasnt samples and books send us his name, and we’ll send you Free—any two of the above finishes, with copy of the Book. All we ask is that you test the samples and ask your dealer to supply your » . fulure needs, - §. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. Oe “The Wood Finishing Authorities”’ Free Coupon “” For 25c Book, The Proper Treatment for Floors, * Woodwork and Furniture’? FREE and two sample xX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 MOTTS PLUMBING IN KITCHEN, PANTRY AND LAUNDRY HIS illustration appears on page 68 of our booklet, ‘‘Modern Plumbing.’’ It shows a well- appointed modern kitchen, in which Mott’s Plumbing Fixtures are used. In this booklet various styles of kitchen and pantry sinks, laundry tubs and kitchen ranges are illustrated and described. “MODERN PLUMBING” also exhaustively treats the sub- ject of bathrooms. There are shown 24 modern bathroom interiors varying in cost from $74 to $3,000. So extensive is the Mott line of bathroom equipment, that it is easy to find Mott fixtures exactly adapted to your taste and needs. Before you build or remodel ask for a copy of “MODERN PLUMBING;”’ sent on request with 4 cents to cover postage. r ~ ) BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Phila- THE ie 1s MotTrr IRON WorKsS delphia, Detroit, Minneapolis, Wash- ington. St. Louis, New Orleans, 9 IG. "y VEARS OF SUPREMACY 191 Denver, San Francisco, San Antonio, 1625) EIGHT ee RAEN baat Atlanta, Seattle, Indianapolis and , a cee. F " . Pittsburgh. FIFTH AVE. and SEVENTEENTH ST., NEW YORK CANADA: 138 Bleury Street. Montreal /)A.BrookseCo. cevetane.0. Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOReSIDEWALK LIGHTS. Send 68 CATALOGUES By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys ‘the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES The Scientific American Boy The Care of Fine Furniture First get your furniture. This, while a most important feature, when consideration is taken of plans, schemes and the thought that must be given to architectural and color effects, really becomes of but secondary im- portance in the face of the more vital ques- tion: ‘““How can the furniture be kept at its best?’—a question that applies with equal force to all furniture, whether Colo- mal, Chippendale, Heppelwhite, Sheraton, or of some art period, or whether it be of highly polished mahogany, mission, gilt, white enamel, or some other costly finish. Some one has said that furniture 1s human. It has its dull days, as well as its bright days. To-day it looks gloomy, where yesterday it was cheerful. It is af- fected by climatic conditions. It perspires en hot days, and readily shows the effects of neglect and exposure to dust and dirt. The proper care of furniture is more a matter of correct daily dusting than of imparting an artificial gloss at more or less lengthy intervals. Even soap and water 1s not necessary; in fact there is always danger of harming fine finishes with the free alkali contained in many soaps, even of the highest grade. The ideal way to dust is to moisten a soft duster with some dusting preparation that will restore the original newness of the article by removing finger marks, spots, stains, discolorations and scratches, all in the one simple dusting operation. A dust- ing aid such as this is to be found in Liquid Veneer, a unique liquid food for furniture. When used on an ordinary cheese-cloth duster it instantly beautifies every finish on which it is used, no matter how old, how new, or how costly. On fine mahogany furniture, as well as on finishes of rosewood, ebony, golden oak, enamel, gilt and others that add to the beauty of the home Liquid Veneer gives truly remarkable results by restoring the original newness and lustre. Restoring is the exact word, for Liquid Veneer is not a mere furniture polish which imparts but an artificial surface-gloss, but an article of daily use which does its work by renew- ing, restoring, all the original beauty of the finish; and all this in the simple daily dusting. For instantly removing that blue, smoky anpearance so common to pianos and fur- niture having highly polished surfaces. Liquid Veneer is in a distinct class by itself. When used in the usual dusting, it instantly removes that unsightly “mistiness”’ and restores and enhances the original fin- ish and gloss. Being a surface food it gives life to the most highly polished finish by imparting elasticity, in this way retarding cracking and checking. No furniture is too costly or too cheap to be beautified with Tiauid Veneer. — Its daily dusting uses are endless. It is equally effective on all furniture and metal work, finishes of brass, silver, enamel and lacquer, while for making and keeping hardwood floors looking new it is unsurpassed. Upon request a free trial bottle of Liquid Veneer will be sent by the Buffalo Specialty Company, 173 Liquid Veneer Building, Buffalo, N. Y. One trial will prove its wonderful value as a beautifier, as well as its great labor-saving, money-saving and all ’round “CHEER UP” qualities. Advertisement. ~e March, 1911 THE JUDGING OF RUBBER GOODS N the above subject the Gummizei- tung says: The determination of the quality of rubber goods is often effected from entirely erroneous view- points. Thus, for instance, the opinion prevails that the softest qualities are the best, which in the case of certain combi- nations, for tough hose, or valves, is by no means the case. It is just as wrong to draw conclusions as to the quality of the goods from their color or to base a judg- ment on energetic pulling and blending tests. This opens the door to mistaken conclusion. If we can bend a semi-cir- cular formed hard rubber child’s comb of very thin make, out flat, its quality will be recognized as excellent; a similar ex- periment cannot be conducted with an equally good comb, of heavier make, without breaking the object of the ex- periment, which would then erroneously be regarded as of inferior quality. There are many such cases. Widespread also is the misunderstanding of the term ‘Para rubber;” it includes, as far as the technically uninformed are concerned the idea of a high-class caoutchouc adapted for all purposes. That Para rubber cannot be used for all purposes, would only, in rare cases, find credence; the objection that some goods, whether for practical reasons or only for consid- erations of price, must be produced more or less with the aid of surrogates or fill- ings, and can then no longer, in accord- ance with commercial requirements, be designated Para quality, would often awaken doubts. THE SPEAKING CLOCK HERE is nothing outwardly _remark- able, according to Das Echo, in the appearance of the ingeniously con- structed timepiece known as the “time- stating clock.” But every quarter of an hour an agreeable voice issues from it, announcing the correct time, as, twelve o'clock, twelve fifteen, twelve thirty, etc. The works of the clock actuate a stout belt, which runs over a roll connected with a sounding box. Upon this belt, or rather film, the hours, which have been recorded by a phonograph are impressed by galvanization on a copper plate. The mechanism which moves the hands is connected with the speaking device, and this with a funnel which reinforces the sound and projects it outward through a finely grated opening attached to the nar- row side of the clock. At night a touch on a lever reduces the clock to silence. But if one wakes and wishes to know the hour without striking a light, an easily found button is pressed and the clock immediately states the time. The speech film is practically indestruct- ible and occupies very little space since, be- cause of its elasticity, it may be wound upon a very small roller. CURES FOR WARTS LYSCHUL recommends as a remedy for this very obstinate trouble, the ointment described by Unna, made of gray mercury salve, with the addition of 5 to 10 per cent. of arsenic. The salve should be smeared on lint and made fast to the wart by bandages. Finally painting with tar may be resorted to. The remedy is very poisonous. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXxI Coldwell Lawn Mowers Hand, Horse and Motor Coldwell’s Motor Lawn Mowers Will do the work of three horse lawn mowers—and do it better q They will mow up 20 per cent grades. no hoof-prints as horses do. smoothly. men and three horses. when not in use. economical. @ They leave @ They will roll the lawn @ They do away with the expense of two @ They are of no expense @ They are simple to operate and q They are a necessity on every large lawn Catalogue sent on request Manufactured by Coldwell Lawn Mower Co. Newburgh, N. Y. The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and German Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Sczentific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scren(ific American Supple- ment 1596. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a gasoline or crude oil motor In Scientific American Supplement 1581 the Production of In- dustrial Alcohol and its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article published in Sczentific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Sczentific American. The most complete treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol, explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the pro- cess without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. ALCOHOL Send for Our New 1910 Supplement Catalogue. Its Manufacture Its Denaturization Its Industrial Use In Supplements 1607, 1608, 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the U. S Internal Revenue will permit the manufacture and denaturation of tax free alcohol. A comparison of the Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines is given in Sclentific American Supplements 1634 and 1635 by Prof. Charles E. Lucke and S. M. Woodward. The Manufacture, Denaturing and the Technical and Chemical Utilization of Alcohol is ably discussed in the Sczentific American Supplements 1636 and 1637 by M. Klar and F. H. Meyer, both ex perts inthe chemistry and distillation of alcohol. Illustrations of stills and plants accompany the text The Sources of Industrial Alcohol, that is the Farm Products from which alcohol is distilled, are enumerated by Dr. H. W. Wiley in Screntific American Supplements 1611 and 1612 and their relative alcohol content compared. The Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol is the title of a splendid article by the late Max Maercker (the greatest authority on alcohol) pub- lished in Sczentific American Supplements 1627 and 1628. Dia- grams of the various types of stills in common use are used as illustrations In Screntjfic American Supplement 1613 the Uses of Industrial Alcohol in the Arts and in the Home are discussed. Any Single Number of the Sczen/ific American or Supplement will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $2.00. FREE to Any Address. Order from your newsdealer or from the publishers MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City XXil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1911 Burpee’s The Leading American Seed Catalog for 191] “THE SILENT SALESMAN” of the World’s Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade tells the plain truth about the Best Seeds that can be grown,—as proved at our famous FORDHOOK FARMS,—the largest Trial, Grounds in America. Handsomely bound with covers lithographed in nine colors it shows, with the six colored plates, Seventeen Choicest Vegetables and most Beautiful New Flowers. It is a SAFE GUIDE to success in the garden and should be consulted by every one who plants seeds. It is mailed FREE to all who appreciate QUALITY IN SEEDS. Shall we mail YOU a copy? If so, kindly name this magazine and write TO-DAY! W. Atlee Burpee & Co. Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia EN PONIES An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inex- pensive to keep, Highest type. Complete outfits. Satis- faction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue free, BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. W, Markham, Va. crete AME ae Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO tod Daal Har Mave 3 a 4 Velvety aaa ) ) A Top Dressing of TRADE B Pulverized Sheep Manure is the surest, quickest way. Produces most wonderfulresults. Easily applied and economical to use. No weeds or foreign grasses. A pure, natural fertilizer most effective and satisfactory for expert or amateur. Now is the time to apply. CO per bbl. Freight prepaid east of Missouri River. Write for quantity prices and literature. The Pulverized Manure Company 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill. WIZARD Wizard Brand is handled by first-class seedsmen. BRAND : RCE Sell ) NEW BOOKS | ON THE TRAIL OF WASHINGTON. By Fred- erick Trevor Hill. Illustrations in color by Arthur E. Becher. New York and London: D. Appleton & Co., 1910. 2%6 pp.; 8vo. Price, $1.50 net. For more than a century Washington was exalted as a model of manners and morals —and portrayed as a prig; he was idealized as a hero—and rendered unreal; he was glorified as the father of his country—and denied all human fellowship with his kin; he was invested with every virtue, and di- vested of all virile character. That he sur- vived in the affections of his people is the best demonstration of his true greatness. Of recent years, however, there has been a notable effort to depict the man as he really was, a man with good red blood in his veins, good common sense in his head, good kindly feeling in his heart, and a good honest laugh. This humanizing of Wash- ington has been the work of eminent edi- tors, historians and collectors, and their investigations during the past twenty years have virtually revealed Washington to Americans for the first time. It is to place before readers, young and old, the results of this modern research that the writer re- tells the story of Washington in these pages. Tue DESIGN OF CONDENSING PLANTS. F. W. Wright. London: The Tech- nical Publishing Co., Ltd., 1909. 203 pp.; 12mo.; illustrated. Price, $1.50. Considerable attention has been devoted during the past few years to the subject of condensing equipment for steam plants, and scattered throughout the technical press and in the published transactions of engineering societies are to be found a number of valu- able papers embodying the results of care- ful and extended observations and experi- ments by able investigators. So far, how- ever, as the author knows, there was no book devoted exclusively to a consideration of the various problems involved, and in many of the standard text books on the steam engine the references to the question of condensing are very brief. The pages are a modest attempt to supply the lack in a volume of such dimensions and price that it should be within the reach of all who are interested in the subject. By ScIENTIFIC LIVING FOR PROLONGING THE TERM OF HuMAN Lire. The New Do- mestic Science, Cooking to Simplify Living and Retain the Life Elements in Foods. By Laura Nettleton Brown. New York: The Health-Culture Com- pany, 1910. 284 pp.; 12mo. Price, $1.00 A great truth is emphasized in this book, namely, that in the ordinary processes of cooking the organic elements become inor- ganic and food values are destroyed. This dietetic idea is most important, and it is claimed by the author that when generally known and made practical it will restore the radical vigor as nothing else can, free woman from the slavery of the cook stove and become a large factor in the solution of the servant problem. The volume is thoroughly sensible and enlightening ; origi- nal without being cranky, radical without being faddish; withal, practical, plain and entirely helpful. National Photo- Engraving Company @ Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative Purposes :-: +: Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" 14-16-18 Reade St., New York ° av 2 Housewives “tis «rear Stepsaver |) in serving meals. Onetrip with Wheel Tray sets table. fj Another completely clears it. This table on wheels j moves easily anywhere you wantit. Height 31in. Re- movable oval trays, 23 in. by 28 in. and 21!n. by 26 In., “<7 extraheavy steel. 8in. rubber tire wheels. Gloss black papas finish. Price $10, express prepaid. $12 to Pacific Coast. Write for circular and learn its convenience. WHEEL-TRAY CO., 435 F West 61st Place, Chicago bibs AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Sote Manuracturers «». NEW HAVEN, CONN. “THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. March, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXxili Harpy PLANTS FOR COTTAGE GARDENS. By Helen R. Albee. New York 1910. 12mo.; 390 pp. Price, $1.60 net. A personal and very readable record, illustrated by photographs, of the author’s success in assembling within a limited area, the choice varieties of hardy shrubs, annuals, and perennials, so arranged as to give a succession of bloom of pure color in each bed. With a list giving manner of growth, height, time of bloom- ing, exact color, special requirements of soil and moisture, “easy ways” taught by experience, and many etceteras of vital im- portance. This book appears in the very attractive garb of the American Nature Series. The gold contrasts beautifully with the dark green. The illustrations are excellent and are well chosen and well ex- ecuted. It is a delightful book and is worthy of a considerable sale. There is an excellent garden diagram. Hovey’s Hanp Book oF THE MAMMOTH CavE oF Kentucky. A _ Practical Guide to the Regulation Routes, With Maps and Illustrations. By Horace Carter Hovey, D.D., F.G.S.A. Louisville: John P. Morton & Co., Inc., 1909. 64 pp.; 16mo. Price, 25 cents. The writer is well known to the readers of the ScieNTIFIC AMERICAN, having writ- ten many articles on the subject of caves and caverns for its columns. The present book may be regarded as an excellent guide to the Mammoth Cave and should be in the hands of all those who may think of visit- ing this unique wonder. SHELL-FisH Inpustries. By James L. Kellogg, Professor of Biology in Williams __ College. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1910. Illustrated by half tones and original drawings. 8vo.; 361 pp. Price, $1.75 net. Prof. Kellogg’s book fills a gap in the lit- erature of natural history, or what may be called applied natural history. It covers the classification, propagation, and distribution of shell-fish. For those interested in oysters, clams or scallops, there is informa- tion on their structure, life-histories and habits. A chapter is devoted to shell-fish as collectors and carriers of disease organ- isms. Tue Utitity or Att Kinps oF HIGHER ScHootinc. An investigation. By R. T. Crane. Chicago, 1909. 8vo.; 331 pp. Price, $1 net. This edition gives further results of the author’s investigation of the utility of aca- demic or classical education for young men who expect to pursue a commercial or in- dustrial career. The following subjects have been investigated and studied: Tech- nical Education in Manufacturing; Techni- cal Education in Civil Engineering; Tech- nical Education in Electrical Engineering ; Agricultural Colleges; Manual Training in the High Schools; Business Education; Medical Education; Scientific Education; Rural Schools. Tue HEALTH oF THE City. By Hollis Godfrey. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1910. 12mo.; 372 pp. Price, $1.25 net. Like all books issued from the Riverside Press, it has a certain air of distinction gained only by great simplicity in typog- raphy. Few contemporary topics are so pressing, or attracting so much attention, as city sanitation to help the health of cities. AGNERS af" Hardy Borders A Wagner Hardy Border provides, af slight cost, pictures of living beauty from earliest spring till frost. Finest-grown hardy herbaceous perennials arranged for color harmonies, picturesque out- line, continuous bloom and sermanence. ‘The best effectinthe space. The longest period of bloom”’ A Wagner Border, varieties labelled, numbered and packed in order of planting, saves money on regular catalog rates; saves the trouble of plan- ning; insures certain Success. 2 Any of these delightful flower-schemes will make your place one to be proud of. Arranged Ready for Planting Border BI—4 x 10 feet, 15 strong, hardy plants, $2.25; extra large, $ 3.75 Border B2—4x 20 ‘‘ 30 “ Border B3—5x10 ‘“* 20 ‘ sf Border B4—5x 20 ‘‘ 40 ‘“ oY 4.50; extra large, 7.00 ih 3.00; extra large, 5.00 : 6.00; extra large, 10.00 Larger quantities (artistic grouping maintained) at proportionate rates. Order Your Wagner Border Now We will ship at proper time. Write us about soil, etc., and we will advise you. Complete Catalogue, New Edition, Ready! Trees, shrubs, roses, miscellaneous plants. Write for this splendid book. Free. WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Box 598, Sidney, Ohio Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners -# Bound. Price, postpaid, $1.|Price, postpaid, $1. RADFORD'S PLAN BOOKS *** HOME BUILDERS Bungalows—Our Big Book of (Cottages—This big new| Cement Houses and How|Garages, and How Bungalows shows 208 designs to be |book of Radford’s Art-| to Build Them—tThis valuable] to Build Them—shows built in any climate. It illustrates |istic Homes shows 250] book contains 176 pages, 8 x 11,|55 designs of private and complete floor plans and gives the |moderndesignsforcottages,| bound in cloth. It shows 87 fine| public garages adapted to esitmated cost of construction of |with complete floor plans &| designs with complete floor plans} Frame, Brick, Stone or | Radford’s latest and best de- |estimated cost of construc-| and estimated cost of construction| Concrete construction. Ex- signs for Bungalows, The Bunga- |tion. Ifyou want to build a}of Cement, Cement Plaster and] tensive chapter on Garage low you want is in this book. Cloth |cottage send for this book. | Concrete Block Houses. equipment and accessories. Price, postpaid. $1.| Price, postpaid, $1. RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL CO., Dept. X, 178 Fulton Street, New York IRISH ROSES """ Sp. Fes'“* EVERGREENS And Hardy Perennials. Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect Liberal Discounts on Large Orders Our Catalog is a Cyclopedia of Information to the Planter S. G. Harris Nearly 100 Photo-Engravings. SEND FOR IT ROSEDALE NURSERIES farayrown, *n°Y YOUR LAWN NEEDS ROLLING Thick velvety lawns cannot be produced from even the most fertile seed and soil without frequent rolling. The top soil must be kept firm to hold the grass roots in touch with the life-giving earth beneath. DUNHAM ROLLERS patented have roller bearings and carbon steel axles, as used in automobile construction. This makes the Dunham Rollers 44°% easier to operate than others not made under the Dunham patents. Our book “THE PROPER CARE OF LAWNS,” explains the methods followed by landscape gardeners in making sleek, velvety lawns. Sent free on request. Write To-day. THE DUNHAM COMPANY, 434-462 First Ave., Berea, O. Largest Manufacturers in the World of Land Rollers Soil Pulverizers and Packers for all Purposes Eastern Office, THE DUNHAM CO., 6 Albany St., Dept. B, N. Y. City RT TTA ATMA AU 8 Ta ay mul WI AD Wh aT eae s Jaan nt St AA ture eatO om nen ili NNO. CLL LL ipjbh0uuuclleeLLL.ccccccLcc222.kzg221422cVq4:zq§Udc cL, FULL SIZE PIECES : g HALF SIzE Pieces © There’s a Reason 'Why Architects, Contractors, Builders, Roofing Experts and Owners are SPECIFYING, RECOMMENDING and USING :::::: B Ready-To-Lay ® f (REG. U. S. PAT. OFFICE) LEXIBLE-CEMENT- ATERIAL BURLAP INSERTED FOR ROOFING and SIDING Summer Homes, Bungalows, Garages, Residences, Barns, Business and Factory Buildings— It Is Because Burmite Has Been Found THE BEST By TEST Artistic and Attractive in appearance, Durable and Economical, with Superior Fire-Retardative and Weather-Resisting Qualities to meet Extreme Weather Conditions—Sparks, Hail, Sleet, Sliding Ice, Rain, Snow, or the extremes of Cold and Heat do not affect its superior Upper Coating, which is made with two sep- arate and distinct surfaces, i. e., BIRD-SAND and “Twolayr” SLATE-CHIPS. (Patent Pending.) For the ‘‘ Twolayr’’ Slate Surfaced Material, Natural Colored Slate of Unfading Quality is used, the fine slab-shaped Slate Chips being imbedded into the Pure Asphalt Composition so thoroughly—and put there to stay—THAT A SMOOTH, EVEN UPPER MINERAL SURFACE. (there being two layers of the slate chips) is the result, thus securing the well-known IMPERVIOUSNESS and WEATHER-RESISTING QUAL- ITIES OF SLATE AT ONE-FOURTH THE COST. Permanent | SLATE-RED | UNIFORM SOLID SLATE Natural - and‘ ‘Stoddard’’ || Surface. Requires no Painting. Slate Colors { SLATE-GREEN Kept Clean & Bright by the Rain. GUARANTEED for 10 Years Without Coating THE FIRST COST — THE ONLY EXPENSE To become acquainted with this up-to-date material, send for Samples and Booklet “ G,”’ “BURMITE QUALITY COUNTS” Illustrated with Buildings, beautifully printed in colors, showing effect of ‘‘BURMITE”™ applied as a Roofing and Siding. Mailed free of all charges and obligation. WRITE TODAY. ROOFING Bermingham & Seaman Co.. foot! BENE ROY OPMIC ES oe teen Unbine Building, CHICAGO PLANT, Armitage and Grand Avenues, Distributors of BEAVER BOARD Catalog In the Home of Every Farmer In America 178 pages filled from cover to cover with gen- uine Buggy, Harness and Saddle bargains; 251 illus- trations, many in colors; 138 styles of Vehicles, 74 de- signs in harness; the biggest and pest book ever printed in this line. Don’t miss sending for it! Murray Highest Award Buggies Direct from His Factory — Four Weeks Road Trial — Insures Safe Delivery — Two Years’ Guarantee Before buying any kind of vehicle, Just get the 191i Murray Style Book and compare Murray Prices with allothers. Costs you noth- Gaal ing. Youmightaswellhave No — this book in your home, The Wilber H. Murray M’i’?zCo. 367 E. 5th St., Cincinnati, AMERICAN “HOMES “AND ‘GARDENS Mr. Godfrey, well known for his work in popular science, has been making a study of these questions for many years, and has come to be an authority in the field. This book brings together the results of his studies. The topics treated are: City Air, Water, Milk, Food, City Ice, Noise, Waste, Plumbing, City Housing. A book of in- tense interest to every intelligent citizen. Your Home anp irs Decorations. Com- piled and published by the Sherwin- Williams Company. New York: John Lane Company, 1910. 8vo.; 204 pp. Price, $2 net, postage 15 cents. The determination to publish a book of real assistance to the home builder has placed iton a different plane irom other publications cf this character. Much has been written on the subject of home deco- ration, and in almost every instance one vital point, practicability, has been wanting. Many of these publications are full of glit- tering generalities, from which very few of us can gather applicable points on decora- tion. ‘There has been a continual beating round the bush, trying to give information without supplying anything specific. The Sherwin-Williams Company have endeay- ored to eliminate this difficulty in the book before us. ‘They come out boldly and speci- fy certain products of their manufacture which are necessary to produce certain ef- fects. ‘The result 1s a work of real merit. It is artistically printed, the methods of il- lustration being half tones and color plates. IXven the subject of Oriental rugs is thor- oughly taken up. GRAPHIC ARTS AND CRAFTS YEAR Book, 1g1o. Joseph Meadon, [ditor, Hamilton, Ohio. 4to.; 350 pp. Price, $5. This is the American annual review of the printing, engraving and allied indus- tries. It is beautifully printed on deckle edge paper and is filled with the most beau- tiful reproductions of all kinds. To the technical worker in photo-engraving, and particularly the color work, it will prove of inestimable value. The present volume dis- plays a very wide range of treatments, pro- cesses and methods of reproduction. The editor apologized for the fact that in the present book it is not possible to observe consistently the nice formalities of bookmaking. This apology is not, how- ever, necessary, as the make-up is most ad- mirable. That the engraving and printing provisions are evolutionary by nature and revolutionary in effect is demonstrated by the march of events as the years roll by. There may be nothing startling to chronicle, but each year shows an improvement in some operation, method or material, and as change follows change in a few decades the process or means employed in the process presents entirely different problems. Considerable attention is given to the question of costs. This is a most important one, and one which photo-engravers seem to have disregarded to their sorrow in the past. The book is a very beautiful one, is taste- fully bound in half morocco. The present is the fourth volume of issue. THE AUF VoRPOSTEN IM LEBENSKAMPF. Bio- logie der Sinnesorgane, I-Fithlen U- Horen. Von Dr. H. Dekker. Stutt- gart: Kosmos Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde. 92 pp.; 33 illustrations. This is a popularly worded treatise on the biology of the sense organs, devoted chiefly to tactile sensations or peripheral sense organs. Gregory’s Seeds 90 CENTS WORTH FOR 25 CENTS—IN COIN | pkg. Aster, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, 5 . 10c. 1 pkg. Pansy, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, . 4 5 15c. 1 pkg. Coreopsis, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, . ‘ 5c. 1 pkg. Poppy, Gregory’s Fancy Double Mixed Annuals, 72 We. | pkg. Mignonette, Gregory's Large Flowering, very rich, F 10c. 1 pkg. Bachelor Button, Gregory's Finest Mixture, . : 10c. I pkg. Petunia, Gregory's Finest Hybrid Mixture, . . ‘ 5c. 1 pkg. Candytuft, Gregory’s Finest Mixed, . f ‘ . 5c. 1 pkg. Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, 5 _ ; 5c. 1 pkg. Sweet Peas, Extra Choice Mixed, i 2 F 3 5c. 10 packages sent for 25c. in coin. In addition to the above, we will send FIVE of our regular FIVE CENT PACKAGES of Vegetable seed, our selection, together with our beautiful Catalogue, if this paper is mentioned with order. J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, 135 ELM ST., MARBLEHEAD, Mass. | WANT THE MAN who knows good architecture to send for my new book HOMES OF CHARACTER, which con- tains over 40 choice designs of houses, cottages and bungalows. All new, practical plans with concise descrip- tions and accurate cost estimates. Com- piled by an architect of ability and 20 § years experience in building homes. qd S1prepaid. Sample pages 2c. JOHN HENRY NEWSON Cleveland, Ohio M@y ORIENTAL RUGS | ILLEY BOSTON 5 PARK ST. NEW YORK 613 FIFTH AVE. BOOK 30 ILLUSTRATIONS ‘S0¢ 1245 Williamson Building PROTEC? your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beau- tify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co. U. S. Factory and Glass Plant, - Menasha, Wiscunsin. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont Greider’s Fine Catalogue of purebred poultry, for 1911, over 200 pages, 5/ large £-2=% ny colored pictures of fowls, calendar for each month, ZY) } illustrations, descriptions, photos, incubators, By. “Lyseh brooders, information, and all details concerning the ZG 5a business, where and how to buy fine DoUey, eggs 2 for hatching, supplies, etc. at lowest cost, in fact the greatest poultry catalogever published. Sendi5cfor this handsome book. B.H. GREIDER,BOX11,RHEEMS, Pa. = = GRAY MOTORS KYA Largest marine gasoline engine concernin the world 3 H. P. Pumping and Stationary Motor $65.00. Write for Marine or Farm Engine Catalogue. 306 Leib St., Detroit, Mich. CYCLONE FENCES and Gates for Farm, Home, Parks, or Cemeteries. Increase ifi]} property values. Strong, Lasting, Handsome. Easily erected — ai i heights up to 10 feet. el angen bitty a ul le 3 Our catalog and prices will interest you. Wepay freight. THE CYCLONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. 1235 East 55th Street Cleveland, Ohio re f ‘e ———— > $ Guaranteed to develop 4h.p. Made in 1, 2 and 3 Cylinders, 3 to 36 h. GRAY MOTOR CO ml BROOMELL’S VACUUM CLEANER Ghe ““VICTOR” ‘“°Tis the finest in the Land.” Electric Portable 44 H. P. motor—a perfect machine. Electric Stationary 1 H. P. motor. You can install it yourself in two hours time. Only one pipe required made from slip joint nickel-plated tubing, furnished with ma- chine. Buy direct and save money. Victor Cleaner Co., Manufacturers, York, Pa. The Schilling Press Printers BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25th ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" March, 1911 7 a ude DREER’S GARDEN BOOK Laying out the Garden _ Proper planting and cultivating are as important as the selection of reliable seed, in producing a successful garden. Dreer’s Garden Book for 1911 is the most helpful book for the gardener. Contains complete cultured instruc- tions by American experts for growing all kinds of vegetables, flowers and plants. These arranged conveniently with illustrations descriptions and prices of the flowers, plants and vegetables to which they apply. Such articles, for example, as:— How to grow Sweet Peas—soil, pre- paration, fertilizer, position, time of planting, watering, etc. How to grow Roses—situation, preparation of the beds, planting and summer care, pruning,winter protection, etc. Pansies, Dahlias, Asters, Ferns, Gladioli, Palms, Water Lilies, etc., simi- larly treated. How to grow Annuals and Perennials from seed. The making and care of hotbeds and cold frames. You can find helpful instructions for growing almost any flower, vegetable or plant in this standard garden book. The 73d annual edition is larger, more handsome, more complete than ever. 288 pages, nearly 1,000 illustrations, 8 color and duotone plates. Describes nearly 1,200 varieties of Flower Seeds, including many new ones which we have developed, 2,000 kinds of Plants, 600 varieties of Vegetables. A book recognized as standard in itsclass for nearly three-quarters of acentury. A large list of Garden Tools, Fertilizers, Insecticides, etc. Sent free to anyone if this magazine is mentioned. HENRY A. DREER, Putasosie& Philadelphia, Pa. BOUND VOLUMES OF AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS 1310 Illustrations 191) 492 Pages, Price $5 @ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is beautifully printed and is handsomely bound in silk finished cloth covers, printed in three colors, with gilt edges. The year’s volume contains 492 pages and over 1300 engravings, which are as fuil of detail and finish as actual photographs. They depict the most notable homes in America as well as oric mansions, the modest house and bungalow, the most beautiful gardens and the more simple ones. q The edition deals with every ap- pointment of the home ; it treats of the decorating of the walls, the furnishing of the draperies for the doors and the windows, the suitable furniture for the hall, living room, dining room, library, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom and porch; the landscape work about the house and the garden with allits accessories. SPECIAL NOTICE: On request we will send you a list of contents of the 1910 volume. A limited number of the back bound eyaible, vi? TUG, 107, (00a, ie Price, $5.00 each. 1905 volume $3.50, q MUNN & CO., Inc. Publishers 361 Broadway, New York. \opeosgooebeuee” “BUDS” HIGHEST & E; E. D S QUALITY Bulbs, Plants, Shrubs and Nursery Stock Everything for the complete outfitting of the garden and home grounds. Collection of flower seeds, twenty-five choicest varieties, 75c. Collection of vegetable seeds, for general crops, twenty- five choicest varieties, $1.50. Years of study and experience enables us to offer a large variety of choice products in this line, Mention the Homes and Gardens Magazine and we will send free, one package each of vegetable and flower seeds if any of the above collections are ordered. Large illustrated catalogue free. If you want a garden you will need this catalogue, It will be a big help to you. This is the season for selection. Write today, tomorrow may be a season too late. “BUDS” CARL R. GLOEKNER, President 76 BARCLAY STREET NEW YORK Th ‘gegoooo a. (950 “ok BILTMORE NURSERY BILTMORE, N.C, Let Biltmore Nursery Help You to Plant Your Grounds in Harmony You have seen lawns and formal gardens where the whole planting was in perfect accord—a note of harmony seeming to strike through it all. Every tree and shrub, every little plant, was in the right place, the indi- vidual beauty of each emphasized by contrast with the others—the birch’s white gleam foiling the solid green of the spruce, or a border of perennials setting off the low spread of the rhododendron or hydrangea. Three Biltmore Nursery Books The product of Biltmore Nursery, and the three Biltmore books de- scribed below, make it possible for you to put just such a planting around your own home. Biltmore trees, shrubs and plants will thrive practically everywhere, because each receives, as it grows, whatever it needs to develop properly. The three books accurately describe the things we grow here, and tell, by word and picture, how to plant them effectively. Ask for the One You Need Most Biltmore Nursery Catalog. A guide to the cultivated plants, shrubs and trees of North America —196 pages, fully illustrated—Perennials, Flowering Shrubs, Evergreens, Deciduous Trees, and Vines. “Flowering Trees and Plants." Of particular interest to owners of small grounds; 64 pages; exceptionally fine illustrations, showing typical plantings in gardens, lawns and yards. “Hardy Garden Flowers.’? Devoted to perennial plants; 64 pages and covers, richly illustrated from special photographs showing a wide range of subjects, from dooryard planting to formal effects. Select the book you need —we will gladly send it upon request. Edition limited—write today. Biltmore Nursery, Box 1034, Biltmore, N. C. SL 1 CS ON OS A A SF BSE PRS BEEN A SDT LT LEIA ANCE DSR SE ISSR ES AAS PERG SL LETRAS DTI NST IPL LAL SERENE PA ETI AEE FELINE III INDIVIDUAL. LIBRARIES § FOR NEW HOMES One of the many advantages which can be gained by adopting the GlobeSWernicke Bookcase is the - opportunity to create an individual library in any room in the house. This enables every member of the family to have their favorite books accessible, where they can read them on any occasion, without risk of being interrupted or interfering with the pleasure of others. Because GlobeVWernicke Sections are so suscep- tible to clever decorative effects, it is easy to change the arrangement of the units to meet new — conditions—a feature entirely lacking in the solid or built-in bookcase that always remains and al- ways looks just the same, and consequently does not always harmonize with the interior decoration of the room. Builders of new homes frequently select differ- ent finishes for different rooms. Globe! Weenie Sectional Bookcases can be obtained in fourteen different finishes of quartered oak and mahogany, both dull and polished. The new catalogue, just being received from the press, shows many new interiors in colors that are wonderfully at- tractive and will appeal particularly to those building, or con- templating building, their own homes. j Another advantage of the GlobeSWernicke Sectional Book- |i r case is its solid construction. In case of such a contingency as fire, the units can be taken out with books intact, which is impossible with units of col- lapsible or knockdown construction. Many valuable libraries have been saved from total de- struction, because their owners took the precaution to store them in GlobeSWérnicke sections. The Name “GlobeWernicke’ is your protection against inferiority of construction, as well as your guarantee and assurance of being able to secure duplicate units at any future time. RNAS AINE AVA EIT SI SRLS ST IE PRE eS SO es SE IS EM NEES A copy of this new catalogue for home builders will be sent FREE, together with a complimentary list of “The World’s Best Books.” ‘* Anyone who is planning to establish a library will find the “World’s Best Books,’ published by the Globe- Wernicke Com- pany, a very compact ’and useful collection.’ ’— Brooklyn Eagle. t Agencies in all principal towns and cities in the United States. When not represented we ship on approval—freight paid. Address Dept. A. H. The Globe“Wernicke Co. Cincinnati, U. S. A. New York Boston Chicago Washington, D. C. te | Sanna Ses eee RESTS ee ee Ss OPTRA SAMOS ole OD LES POE ERS fi AINE SESS Ts BD [FERS RIZEON SS TOE EAT ET meat AND COMPANY NEW YORK, N. Funts Fine Furnirure So Perfect and So Peerless HALL CLOCKS @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine “Willard” or Banjo Clock, and several other kinds. @ If your local jeweler does not sell our clocks, send direct “Flint Quality ” Summer Furnishings Before taking its place among our Spring and Summer Styles every new pattern must first be pronounced a worthy example of “‘ Flint Quality.” In the maintenance of this ideal we take a just pride, which raises the pro- duction of FLINT’S FINE FURNITURE above a merely commercial basis. Every phase of summer furnishing may now be studied in our studios and salestooms, and every problem solved at a minimum of time, trouble and expense. for our new illustrated catalog. __———_——_———— PRICES PROVED BY COMPARISON UNIFORMLY LOW. Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47 West 23"St. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS Waltham, Massachusetts 24-28 West 24" St. Special Offer—$13-0° Value for $7>° American Estates and Gardens sare rearex Large Quarto, 11x13%2 Inches. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed. q This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which have been introduced into this country, as being specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- can country life. q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and for that reason special attention has been given to reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can be obtained of learning how the favored few live. @ The building of the great homes of America has necessarily involved the development of their sur- Our Special Offer @ The price of this book is $10.00. We are offering a limited number of copies, together with one year’s sub- scription to American Homes and Gardens, the price of which is $3.00, a total value of $13.00, for $7.50 for the two, transportation charges prepaid. As we are offering only a limited number of copies on these liberal terms, we would advise that orders be sent at once, before the supply of the book is exhausted. rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If butlittle is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present volume. 4 This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 1034x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS THE USE AND CHARM OF STUCCO By ALBERT MOYER HE history of stuccoes does not fur- nish sufficient information and data to be of practical value in the manu- facture of the present day Portland ce- ment stuccoes. There are records standing 350 years B. C. of stuccoes made from vastly different materials than are of eco- nomical use at the present time, and we find that such plasters were almost invariably used in the warm climates where the ac- tion of frost would not tend to disintegrate the rather poor material*which was then available. There is every reason to believe that originally these stuccoes were intended to cover up and protect inferior building stone and sunburned straw brick. The archzol- ogy of stucco would tend to show that from an artistic standpoint this method of deco- ration was a development of the wattled buildings, which were plastered with clay and different muds hardened by being baked in the heat of the sun. Therefore, in this instance, the use of clay plaster over wattled houses was to protect an inferior building material. To-day, stucco is used for a similar pur- pose, and for its pleasing surfaces. It would, therefore, seem advisable to recom- mend a material which would best serve the purpose of protection and artistic merit. Stucco or plaster should never be used as an imitation of other building ma- terial. To carry out these ideas we desire to recommend only Portland cement stucco for exteriors, as this is the only hydraulic material which will stand the action of the elements. From the artistic side we would also recommend such surface finish for stucco as will cause both natural color and pleas- ing texture. It would be well, therefore, to expose to view the aggregates used and avoid as far as possible exposing the bond- ing material, Portland cement. There is no artistic reason for allowing only the bonding material to be displayed to the eye. On very large jobs the surface can be cleaned off by means of a sand blast, and on smaller work, the outside may be cleaned by means of muriatic acid in dilute solution, 1 part commercial muriatic acid, 4 to 5 parts clear water, until each grain of sand is exposed. Where white aggregates are used the surface may be cleaned off with a solution of sulphuric acid, 1 part acid, 4 to 5 parts clear water. The sulphuric acid leaves a white deposit and therefore should not be used excepting where the aggregates are white. Another method is to scrub the surface while yet green, say within twenty-four hours, with a house scrubbing brush and clear water. This is more difficult than the others for the reason that if the stucco is allowed to remain too long before scrub- bing, it will be too hard to remove the coat of neat cement from the outside of each particle of sand or other aggregates; and if scrubbed when it is too soft the surface may be damaged and difficult to repair. If the character of the available aggre- gates will not present a pleasing surface when exposed, the following surface treat- ment may be used: While the last coat is still thoroughly damp, apply a Portland cement paint composed of 1 part Portland cement, 12 per cent. of the volume of the cement of well hydrated lime, pulverized form, and 1 part of the volume of the ce- ment of fine white sand. Mix with water >. ie SLATES This mark is your guarantee THE MILLER Gas, Electric and Combination Lighting Fixtures impart an air of elegance to every home or public building where they areinstalled. They are made in an endless variety of exquisite designs and finishes. Every personal taste and every style of decoration can be exactly suited. The materials used in the MILLER products are the very highest grade, whilethe workmanship has never been surpassed in this country. Special designs executed on contract for residences and public buildings When buying Gas or Electric Fixtures look forthe MILLER trade mark. It guarantees all that is best in this line of goods. ORDER FROM YOUR DEALER. He has Mil= ler Lamps and Fixtures in stock, or can secure them for you. Show him this advertisement, so there will be no mistake in the name. Write to us for illustrated booklets and catalogs. State particularly the kind of lighting in which you are interested. EDWARD MILLER & CO. FACTORY: 21 Miller Street, Meriden, Conn. ESTABLISHED 15844 Morgan Doors are widely copied by un- scrupulous manufacturers. tions never have the character or beauty, nor do they give the absolute satisfaction, as do the genuine These imita- Every Morgan Door leaving our factory has the word “*‘Morgan’”’ stamped on it. If the name is not there, the door is not a Morgan Door. Shrinking, warping or swelling are impossible with Morgan Doors because they are built of sev- eral layers of wood with grain running in opposite directions. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood. Unequaled for service in Residences, Offices, Apart- ments, Bungalows or any kind of building. Send for our new Portfolio, “The Door Beautiful.” Shows large engravings of in- teriors of every style of architecture. The ideas you get from this book will be worth money and satisfaction to you. It explains why Morgan Doors are the best doors made. A copy will be sent on request. Architects:—Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s Index. pages 794 and 795. Morgan Company, Dept. A Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago. Morgan Millwork Company, Baltimore, Md. Handled by Dealers who do not Substitute. ‘) OS eS SSS ———— ee ere 4 ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 You’ll like it—it’s well heated! You will find thousands of different kinds and sizes of houses offered for rent or sale, but there is only one kind of true heating com- fort which will fit any house or building and make it a delightful place to live in and work in. That way is with AMERICAN JDEAL RADIATORS Every real estate agent, every large property owner, will tell you that the one convincing recommendation for any building is, that it contains an IDEAL Boiler and AMERICAN Radiators. Just as you see our advertisements everywhere, so you'll find these heating outfits being put in everywhere. We are building more and larger factories, for we know that with the great and lasting satisfaction and economies our outfits are giving (more than in the case of any other article entering into buildings or their furnish- ings) we shall receive a rapidly increasing volume of orders for IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators. The high reputation that our heating outfits and our name now enjoy means that we must and shall stand back of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators and guarantee them to the full. If you have a building to erect, to sell or to rent, you’ll find Ask the man behind the real estate proposition : BOILERS “How is it heated?” aii —— it a splendid talking basis to say: “‘It’s heated with an IDEAL a Ts. = Boiler and AMERICAN Radiators.” It means that A No. 2118 IDEAL Boller ANo.A-241IDEAL Boiler the tenant will be glad to pay you 10% to 15% more rent and 270{t. of 38-in. AMER- and 46l {t. of 38-in.AMER- because of the comfort, health-protection, convenience, 3 Radii ysting ICAN Radiators, costing : < : : : ; Wwaer $135 wereused to owner$215,wereusedto Cleanliness, and fuel economy he will experience; or, in sell- heal thisicottage. SEES ITER ing, you get back the full price paid for the outfit, which At these prices the goods can be bought of any repu- does not rust out or wear out. table, competent fitter, This did not include cost of ; : : aoe. labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is No tearing up necessary—now quickly put into any buildings—old extra and varies according to climatic and other con- or new—farm or city. Ask for our book Heating Investments”— ditions. puts you under no obligation to buy. Write,’phone or call today. in all large cities Chicago oe yo os eas a eso aos aa soso os esas oe a oe oe SHneecome AMERICAN R ADI ATOR (0 MPANY Write to Dept. 6 Sample and “- A House Lined with i. Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED ; 4 U.S. Mineral Wool Co. CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLoor. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY VERTICAL SECTION, to the consistency of cream or the ordinary cold water paint. Stir constantly and ap- ply by using a whisk broom, throwing this paint on with some force. Keep this finish surface damp for at least six days or longer if economy will permit. Do not allow it to dry out in any one place during the week. If necessary protect it by hanging tarpaulins and using a fine spray of water, playing on several times during the day by means of a hose. This will give a pleasing light gray color of excellent texture. Stucco may be applied to various build- ing materials. There is hardly any reason at the present time for stuccoing stone building, as the procedure at best is dif- ficult and hardly to be recommended. Our building stone is usually an excellent ma- terial and therefore does not require either protection or covering to produce pleasant effects. New brick may be covered with stucco very successfully. The joints should be first raked out half an inch. The brick must be saturated with water. It is al- ways best to start stuccoing at the top of the wall and work down between the pilas- ters or corners, finishing a whole strip. or whole side wall from top to bottom in one day. Thus no streaks or cracks are formed where one day’s work ends and another begins. By this method the wall can be kept wet ahead of the work by means of a hose. The second coat should be put on as soon as the first coat has ‘stiffened suf- ficiently to hold in place and stand the pressure of the trowel. This second coat should be well scratched and the finished coat applied while the former one is damp. The finish coat should then be kept wet, protected from the rays of the sun and as far as possible from drying out. This can be done by hanging wet cloths over it. This rule of keeping each coat moist until the other coat is applied, and protecting after applying the finish coat, must be ob- served in all forms of Portland cement stucco. If the stucco is to be applied to metal lath or wire cloth, the metal should _ be plastered on two sides so that it is entirely encased in mortar in order to avoid rust- ing. If this is impracticable, then the metal lath or wire cloth should be dipped in a paint made of equal parts of clear Port- land cement and water. Immediately after dipping, the metal lath or wire cloth should be tacked onto a frame in the position it is intended to occupy. As soon as the neat Portland cement has hardened on the metal apply the first coat of stucco. Hair should be added to the mortar in the pro- portion of one bag of cement to one pound of hair, the mass applied on wire mesh or expanded metal. If plaster boards are used they should be nailed on the frame work of the build- ing, leaving at least a quarter of an inch joint between each plaster board, this joint to be filled in with lime putty, other- wise each plaster board will cause square cracks on the outside of the stucco the size of the board. A convenient method of waterproofing plaster boards is easily available. The boards may be painted with two coats of any of the reputable bitumen waterproof paints to which plaster adheres. Then about twenty-four hours after the bitumen paint has been applied, and within six days, apply the first coat of stucco. For use of stucco on terra-cotta blocks, great care should be exercised in keeping them thoroughly saturated with water, for if not saturated, they will pull the water April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iit out of the mortar and it will crack and dis- integrate. Portland cement requires water until it has thoroughly hardened, which ul- timate hardening usually takes from four- teen days to a month. It is not always necessary to play the hose on the wall for a month, although it would be advisable. The dews at night, the dampness in the atmosphere and the rain will furnish the necessary moisture provided the material on which the mortar has been plastered has not too great an affinity for water. In order to prevent the porous hollow terra-cotta tile from sucking the moisture from the stucco, and also to furnish water- proofing and an additional bond other than that which would be given by the key, it is good practice to paint the surface of the dry terra-cotta blocks after their erec- tion in the wall, with two coats of bitu- minous paint, equal to such compounds as Dehydratine, Minwax, R. I. W. or X- Hydro-Plastic. It is important to place the first coat of stucco over this paint after twenty-four hours and within six days. The proportions for a good stucco should be one part Portland cement, two and one- half parts coarse clean sand. (If coarse clean sand is not available use only two parts of sand.) Add 10 to 15 per cent. of well hydrated lime, dry pulverized, of the volume of the cement. Ti it is the desire of the owner or archi- tect to use the exposed aggregate method, interesting natural colors can be obtained by using the following materials instead of sand in the same proportions. Green, red, buff, black or white marble screenings all passing a No. 8 screen and all collected on a No. 40 screen. These different colored marble and different colored sand, where obtainable, can be used singly or in a com- bination. When exposed by scrubbing or the acid treatment very interesting results are obtained. In mixing stucco, great care should be exercised to obtain the thorough incorpora- tion of cement, sand and the other aggre- gates. The sand and the cement should be mixed together dry, until an even color re- sults. This can be done by shoveling and by raking at the same time. Water should then be added, care being taken lest too much water is used at a time and the result- ing mortar get too wet so that more sand or cement has to be added. Be very care- ful to bring this mortar up to the proper consistency for use in plastering. It is advisable to add to the mortar from 10 to 15 per cent. of the volume of the cement of well hydrated lime. This should be mixed dry with the cement and the sand before the water is added. The addition of hydrated lime tends to fatten the mortar, thus making it more adhesive and imper- vious. Another specification which we believe will prove of considerable value, is that of the addition of mineral oil to wet mortar. After the water is added and thoroughly mixed with the mortar, add 15 per cent. of mineral oil and remix. If a light effect is to be produced, use white oil, such as Oil Petrole. When the oil is to be mixed with the mortar it is always advisable to use hy- drated lime, as we thus have a larger amount of emulsifying material. The color obtained by the scrubbing or acid method is limited only to the avail- able sands or marble screenings. The color will be that of the aggregates. An excel- lent green can be obtained by adding 8 per cent. of the weight of the cement of cromium oxide, which should be mixed (Continued on page vi) Like Narcissus NABISCO Sugar Wafers Suggest the fragrance of Spring blossoms, sweetness, goodness, and punity. NABISCO is the dessert confection of perfection—ideal with ices or beverages. In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins CHOCOLATE TOKENS—a sweet dessert confection covered with creamy, rich chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT COM PANY Al VERY interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola can be had free on request. Ask for Catalogue A-27 Hartmann-Sanders Co. /o°°%2 EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS OF Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City Our illustration shows the attractive effect that can be obtained by adopting pergola treatment for your garage. This adds but very little to the cost of the building and makes it an attractive feature of your ‘yeneral landscape scheme instead of an eyesore, as it frequently is. Lud Wy E also publish Catalogues A-29 of SUN DIALS and A-40 of WOOD COLUMNS. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WASHINGTON, D. C. National and International Real Estate Transactions The Elite Patronage of the United States GRANT PARISH Country Mansions =, ae vy Country Premier in Coury f Real Estate 1425 New York Aue Bashinaton, B.C. Country Estates de Luxe, residential domains, farms, plantations, elite villas, and marine estates in the aristocratic locations of the United States. Europe—Princely domains, estates, villas, apartments, town houses. Special A2.—Great big hearted Virginia estate, 600 acres, brick residence, 14 rooms, grove, costly buildings, rich soil, blue grass, farm of high char- acter. Will appeal to those seeking a large broad gauge farm that produces profitable results. 2h. from Washington. $36,000. Printed description. Special A3.—Gentleman’s Country Estate, 40 minutes from * White House.’’ 80acres, large handsome brick residence, 16 rooms, command- ing elevation, stately forest grove, delightful Southern all year home on the edge of Washington. $25,000. Printed description. GRANT PARISH, 1429 New York Ave... WASHINGTON, D. C CONNECTICUT Norwalk, Conn. And Its Beautiful Surrounding Country We have some very interesting Properties FOR SALE Farms, Estates, Acreaée, Gentlemen’s Country Places, Residences on Shore or Inland AT ALL PRICES It would entertain you to look if seeking a place in this section List and particulars given upon request We invite you to write or call H. E. DANN & SON, te. Norwalk and South Norwalk, Conn. For Sale, adjoining Greenwich Field Club, a very attractive property of 24% acres. House contains well COLONIAL ESTATES VIRGINIA Va. Md. | PRODUCTIVE FARMS Largest exclusive dealers in the South Agencies at all principal points SOULE REALTY COMPANY Department M WASHINGTON, D. C. MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS SEA-SHORE PROPERTY FOR SALE About 400 Acres, all desirable. High anddry. About three miles Ocean frontage. Magnificent Beach and Ocean view. Large pro- tected Harbor. Fine location on Martha's Vineyard. Unexcelled opportunity for Boating, Fishing, Duck shooting (in season), Golf and other Sports Rare bargain for one or more estates, fora Club or for invest- ment and development. Full particulars of HENRY MARTYN CLARKE, 50 State Street Boston, Mass. Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens’ new Advertising Section “The Real Estate Mart’’ Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” “e AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. stable, garage. complete stable, garage. For Rent, furnished, in Belle Haven. in this delightful section. bedrooms and five baths and commands fine view over Sound. Grounds contain 3 acres, well laid out, and large garden. CONNECTICUT GREENWICH, CONN. Estates — Acreage Residences, Farms, Shore Properties Now is the time to select A Furnished House on Shore or Inland for the Season I HAVE NOW SEVERAI, CHOICE COUNTRY PLACES Splendid Elevations at surprisingly Low Figures For particulars call or write to Laurence Timmons, “és Conn. | Opposite Railroad Station. Telephone 456 Wm. S. Meany Meany Bldg. Tel’s 103-293 Greenwich Conn. GREENWICH, CONN. REALTY of all descriptions FOR SALE Country Seats, Estates, Residences, Farms, Acreage, Building Sites Furnished and Unfurnished Houses to Rent for 1911 Season at special prices Would be pleased to have correspondence or a call advising | of requirements, NEW YORK NEW YORK’S MOST BEAUTIFUL SUBURB ARDSLEY -ON-HUDSON An opportunity to secure an ideal villa plot, with grand old shade trees, high elevation, splendid view; five minutes from station; private wharf; club-house, tennis courts and golf course. Ardsley is an exceptionally high-glass, developed property, restricted to private residences; forty minutes from Grand Central Station, with excellent train service; bargain for quick cash sale. BELSER, Room 1521, 115 Broadway, N.W.- GREENWICH, CONN. For Rent, attractively furnished, for season, near Edgewood Inn, a new artistic residence containing splendid living floor, six master’s bedrooms and three baths, three servants’ bedrooms and bath. Large Grounds contain 4 acres. One of the prettiest places The house is well furnished, contains ten A most This property is also for sale. WE CAN OFFER A SPLENDID SELECTION OF PROPERTIES FOR RENT OR SALE IN ALL SECTIONS OF GREENWICH WE WOULD BE GLAD TO BE ADVISED OF YOUR REQUIREMENTS AND AMOUNT YOU WOULD CARE TO INVEST FOR RENT OR SALE Consult FRANKLIN EDSON, RAYMOND B. THOMPSON CO. arranged living floor, six master’s bedrooms and three baths, four servants’ bedrooms and bath. Also good sized stable, garage, with complete living apartment. REAL ESTATE AGENCY SMITH BUILDING GREENWICH, CONN. Telephone, 729 April, 1911 AME RIGANS HOMES AND GARDENS v NEW YORK CONNECTICUT ERE SESE i ea ae ee — FOR SALE COZY COTTAGES!) J. g Casa del Ponte IN A MASTER DEVELOP- MENT. All those modern features that make for comfort and livable- ness, and which are usually asso- ciated only with high-cost houses, are to be found, at moderate prices, in the cozy one-family “Ackerson Cottages,’ just completed and wel- coming your inspection at— Brightwaters BAYSHORE, L. I. These home-like cottages are built on plots 100x150 feet (equal to 7% city lots), and with:n easy walking distance of station, lakes, yacht harbor, casino, bathing pavilion, and the other attractive features of Bright- waters. Each cottage has large living room, broad open fireplace, dining room, kitchen (equipped with laundry tubs, running water, range), with from three to six sleeping rooms, modern bathroom and spacious porch. They are equipped with gas and electric fixtures, screens and shades. Decorations quaint and restful. Prices begin at $2,900, then $3,500, $3,600, $3,700 and by easy stages up to $5,900. Also a few at from $7,400 to $9,000. This charming Italian villa with two acres of land directly on the water at PN Ocisiiese ¢ Seta bad ny We piivchaned Tokeneke Park, Darien, Conn., is now on the market and can be seen at any on suitable terms. time by appointment. The house is constructed of brick and stucco. A feature f the place is the Itali d d pool. For further particulars, apply to Brightwaters is Refreshingly Different of the place 1s the Italian garden and poo or further particulars, apply cies eee DANIEL BIRDSALL & CO. ample or restricted their means, will find their ideal of a suburban residence place 317 Broadway, New York beautifully realized at Brightwaters, Readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS are cordially invited to visit ““Brightwaters’’ as our guests, inspect the new SEND 50 CENTS FOR Ackerson cottages and see the many attractive features inaugurated in this popular develop- F O R S A L E. f Eat el BUNGALOWS ment. ees Camps, Houses, Etc. De Luxe Booklet E and Postcard Folder GREENWICH, CONN. (Out March Ist, 1911) of Cottages Upon Request. SUBURBAN ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION 507 Equitable Building WILMINGTON, DEL. I offer for sale a charmingly located house at 133 Schools, Churches, Stores and all Essentials. North Street, one of the choicest sections in Green- Please write our New York Office or tele- wich, situated on high elevation with commanding phone Murray Hill 3204 for reservations. views of surrounding country. : I WANT THE MAN The house contains ten rooms, three bath rooms tho knows good architecture to send for my and is newly decorated. It is heated by steam and has i) HOMES OF CHARACTER i B ACKERSON CO open fire’ place, electric light and broad piazza. c= which illustrates over 40 choice designs of Devel f P $ There,is a garage, fruit trees, plot 56 of an acre. AT Sees midi Kw, PRACTICAL plane wih cox. “Developers of Choice Properties é eae Str Mim CISE descriptions and ACC s and Builders of Houses of Merit.’’ Price, $12,500, Terms to Suit ME Comeiica by an architect of ABILITY AND @ 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE in building HOMES. New York Office: 1 West 34th Street Apply to local brokers, or eS Prorat eaplopeees ee . ( Complete ] aS ee Opposite Waldorf-Astoria. Box 475, Care The Real Estate Mart Working dns JOHN Henry New SON ; MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York Planeitram wa ARCHITEC 1345 WILLIAMSON BUILDING $10 up He CLEVELAND, OHIO SS SM DS fect vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 ARGENT Locks are secure. Perfect in mechanism, assembled with exact precision and finished with most thorough workmanship, they work smoothly and surely through long years of service. [here are Sargent Locks for every purpose—Cylinder Locks, Union Locks, Padlocks in all sizes. For the sake of safety and long wear, it 1s worth while to be certain of getting the Sargent make. Sargent Hardware adds to the beauty of any building and increases its selling value. A dwelling equipped throughout with Sargent. Hardware is a better house to live in. Safe, smooth-working locks, door hinges that won't sag, casement adjusters that won't get out of order, latches that always latch. This kind of hardware is more economical in the long run and gives satisfaction all the ime. For Public Buildings and office structures, Sargent Hardware is preferred by architects for its artistic quality and durability. Sargent Book of Designs—Free—lllustrating many handsome designs for door fittings in various schools of architecture and containing much valuable infor- mation. Write for a Complimentary Copy and ask for our Colonial Book also if you are interested in that period. | I | SARGENT & COMPANY, .156 Leonard Street, New York idk Mira lacie : te Wall Papers and Wall Coverings A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- tects, Builders and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illus- trations showing the latest designs By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS THE PLAN SHOP BUNGALOWS A MOST artistic book of original concep- tions designed specially for the northern climates. It has 64 pages profusely illus- trated with color plates, half-tones, sketches and floor plans. EXTRACT FROM PREFACE HE author has endeavored to include characteristic designs in vogue to- day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of ap- plying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical re- quirements of commercial life. The au- thor hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK The designer being a native of California has im- bibed the spirit of the true bungalow art, not only through association, but by experience in actual con- struction. This art has been applied in adapting the bungalow to the requirements of the sterner climates of the north. The book is bristling with interest and suggestions for the builder of either a suburban cottage or city residence. Price, Fifty Cents. ROLLIN S. TUTTLE, Architect 630-631 Andrus Building Minneapolis, Minn. (Continued from page iii) dry with the sand, cement and hydrated lime. Always keep in mind that the surface to which the mortar is to be applied must be thoroughly saturated with water, each coat of stucco kept moist and the final coat re- main moist for at least one week and longer if economy will permit. Stucco should not be troweled to a smooth surface. The artist painter would never think of smoothing the paint on his canvas by means of a straight-edge. Tex- ture and color are necessary if artistic re- sults are to follow. By using the sugges- tions outlined in the foregoing, the archi- tect 1s privileged to select the aggregates from which the stucco is made and has in fact as great play in the planning of color, tone and texture, as has the artist in mix- ing pigments on his palette. QUEEN OF THE HOLLYHOCKS By JANET WEED HAZARD PART HE Hollyhocks had never been half so many or so beautiful in Grand- mother’s garden as they were to- day. All along the side fence, where they stood like sentinels, around the edge of the walk, in front of the south bay-window, all about the pergola, up and down the grape-arbor, and even here and there in the vegetable patch, there they were with their pretty faces upturned to the sun in many colors and various shades. James was the gardener. He had been snipping and tying up the honeysuckle that grew over the porch, when Grandmother came out to inspect his work. “Dem Holly-hawks sho’ do look fine; we'll be a-missin’ ’em ’fore long, Miss Jo. I reckon the young lady be comin’ home right soon now?” “Yes, James,” said Grandmother, “I ex- pect her to-morrow. You must clip the Hollyhocks in the early morning while the dew is still on them. They do look well! I hope she will like them.” Just then a slight breeze stirred the leaves and flowers, and a tall, stately crim- son that grew in the bed by the porch touched her companion and whispered what James and Grandmother had said. By and by another breeze swept through them, car- rying the message from flower to flower. Then another, until a great gust of wind sent all the flowers nodding and sighing “So soon, so soon.” “We are so many and so beautiful,” said the first that had spoken, the tall, stately crimson, “we will have a carnival and let the Sun-God crown the prettiest our Queen —Queen of the Hollyhocks.” Then the soft summer breeze swayed them gently and the big golden Sun look- ing down kissed each one and bade her be happy. Now, when the soft summer breeze saw what the big golden Sun had done, he grew angry and said, “They shall have no ‘Queen’. I will spoil their beauty.” Suddenly it grew dark and darker, until a few big drops came down from the storm-cloud above; then more and more: and by and by they came faster and larger and all the poor Hollyhocks, all but one, shed tears of sorrow. All but one that grew among the sweet grasses and ferns under the South bay- window shed tears of sorrow for fear their gowns would fade and they appear less richly dressed. So they wept until late in the afternoon, = ei? 4 April, 1911 Write for our Free Book on Home Refrigeration This book tells how to select the Home Refrigerator, how to know the poor from the good, how to keep down ice bills, how to keep a Refrigerator sani- tary and sweet—lots of things you should know before buying any Refrigerator. It also tells allabout the ““Monroe” with food compartments made in one piece of “Sand at Factory Prices. solid.unbreakable WhitePorcelain Ware Cash or Monthly Payments over an inch thick, with every corner rounded—no cracks or crevices anywhere, and as easy to keep clean as a china bowl. Gh° Monroe’ The leading hospitals use the ““Mon- roe” exclusively, and itis found in a large majority of the best homes. he*‘Monroe” is never sold instores, but direct from the factory to you on our liberal trial offer, Freight Prepaid. Easy Payments. We are makinga Always sold DIRECT tadical departure this year from our rule of all cash with order, and sell the “Monroe’’ on our liberal credit terms, to all desiring to buy that way. Just say ‘“ Send Monroe Book”’ ona postal card and it will go to you by next mail. Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P., Lockland, O. HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear the script name of ws Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get “Improved,” no tacks required. Wood Roilers Tin Rollers - BROOMELL’S VACUUM CLEANER Ghe ““VICTOR”’ “Tis the finest in the Land.” Electric Portable 4 H. P. motor—a perfect machine. Electric Stationary 1 H. P. motor. You can install it yourself in two hours time. Only one pipe required made from slip joint nickel-plated tubing, furnished with ma- chine. Buy direct and save money. Victor Cleaner Co., Manufacturers, York, Pa. SO THAT EVERYONE MAY BUY ~The Standard Aw f Proper Styig v7 New™ - YORK MAKE- Boston, Mass, SB F SS c f / eT i ff ri Viti AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 ANDREWS SEPTIC SEWAGE DISPOSAL The Andrews System OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL Is by Septic Tank, as shown in the illustration. Cesspools areno longer tolerated by sanitary sci- ence. They arethecause of much sickness, but the Septic Tank is a scientific method of sewage disposal in which the bacteria that cause disease destroy the dangerous elements in the sewage and in the end destroy themselves, We have a patent steel tank all complete, ready to bury in the ground and connect to. Send Plans or Rough Sketch of your house and grounds for FREE ESTIMATE. From Factory to User. Andrews’ Big Book on Heating, Plumbing and Air Pressure Water Supply sent FREE. Please send names of two parties who might buy. ANDREWS {EATING COMPANY 1154 Heating Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. a a aS a nWHITE WIRE FENCE: ] and gates. For lawns, gardens, parks, ceme- f == teries, ete Inexpensive, but neat, durable and i i effective, made of No. 9 galvanized crimped wire il 88 and coated witha special white paint. Shipped in rolls any length, any height. Booklet on request. THE ACME WIRE FENCE CO., 680A ATWATER ST., DETROIT, MICH. ENOS LIGHTING I FIXTURES VF OTHING is more conspicuous or plays a more important part in a room than its lighting fixtures. In their selection not only utility of purpose but also beauty and character of design should be considered. By placing this part of your interior decor- ating in our hands you When buying lighting fixtures look forthe Enos Trade Mark. It is a guarantee of fine material and careful work- manship- are assured lighting which will with the decorative features of fixtures harmonize your home. Catalogue No. 22 sent on request. THE ENOS COMPANY Makers of Lighting Fixtures 7th AVENUE & 16th STREET, NEW YORK Salesrooms: 36 West 37th St., New York the skulls of these mammals he concludes that inbreeding is the cause of these pecu- liar head-formations. This view is severely criticized by biologists, since it is a well-known law that inbreeding never creates new characters, but only intensifies old ones. A more rea- sonable view is that which directs atten- tion to the fact that many wild animals, when caught young and brought up in con- finement, do not have as long heads as shown by other members of the species in the wild state. A decided shortening of the bones of the face takes place in the case of the wild dogs and the wolf. This is the beginning of the pug face. Inbreeding de- velops this character; it is the method, not the cause, says Prof. Hilzheimer, of Stutt- gart. This scientist finds the cause rather in the modified use of the jaws resulting from conditions of captivity. The face, he says, fails to develop the same as it would in a state of nature. The bending of the bones of the palate in these dogs is explained by the upholder of the inbreeding theory as resulting from degeneration or rachitis (‘rickets’) due to the inbreeding; Prof. Hilzheimer explains this bending as due to the crowding of the teeth consequent upon the shortening of the face bones. While it is true that inbreeding cannot cause the appearance of a new character, it is also true that we have no evidence of any character arising as a result of changed external conditions being preserved by he- redity. If it is true that changes in the food have made the jaws of wild dogs un- der domestication fail of development, we should be able to get the original wild dog again by suitable feeding; this, however, is impossible. According to our present knowledge, the probabilities are that short- faced dogs, like short-faced varieties of other animals, arose as “sports” and were preserved through inbreeding, or even had the character intensified. THE DISEASES OF TEA HE cultivation of the plant is making considerable progress in the Cau- casus region, and although its in- troduction has “been comparatively recent, it has already brought a good profit to the planters. However, the tea plant is sub- ject to maladies caused by certain para- sites which prevail in these regions. A Russian scientist, M. Spiechneff, observed twelve cryptograms, and one of them, the Pestalozzia guepini, causes a _ curious disease known as the “gray malady.’ Here the leaves show gray spots surrounded with a border of darker color. After some time there appear small dark spots which rep- resent the fructification of the fungi. Other dangerous species are the Dicosia Theae and the Capnodium footti. This latter causes a malady known as “soot” of the tea plant, and sometimes gives much dam- age. Another disease is described by M. Spiechneff, and it has the form of buff- gray spots sometimes covering all the leaves. He considers that it is caused by a cryptogram, but Duconnet and others consider that the disease is not of a parasitary nature. The gray malady and the “soot” disease attack also the leaves of evergreen plants such as the camelia, rhododendron, and magnolia, but on the contrary the former hardly ever attacks any but the Chinese tea plant, and others escape it. We may also mention that M. Voronoff observed in the Imperial planta- tions near Batoum, a caterpillar which bores galleries in the young tea shoots and causes much damage in this way. Can be used in Aphine is a concentrated liquid spraying material easily diluted with water. It can be applied to flower, fruit or vegetable. ““We know of no insecticide which has more quickly demon- strated its efficacy than the recently introduced Aphine, which, in the course of a comparatively short time, has become a talisman among horticulturists of unimpeachable veracity and unquestioned skill,” —*‘Horticulture,’’ Boston, Mass., Nov. 6th, 1909. ““Our outdoor roses were badly infested with aphis. With the first application of Aphine the pest was entirely destroyed.’’— John McLaren, Superintendent Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, “T have given Aphine a very thorough trial on plants infested with aphids and find it works very successfully; in fact, have found nothing that compares with it.’-—E. B. Southwick, Ento- mologist, Dept. of Parks, New York City. “I have used Aphine on orchard trees and ornamental plants infested with scale, green and white fly, thrip, mealy bug, etc., and found, in every case, that it completely destroyed the pests in question, with not the slightest harm to the subjects treated. It is without doubt the finest insecticide I have ever used.’’—Wil- liam Munro, Supt. to C. T. Crocker, San Mateo, Cal. SOLD BY SEEDSMEN Gallon $2.50—Quart $1.00—Pint 65c—Half Pint 40c If you cannot obtain Aphine in your community we will send you, express prepaid, on receipt of remittance a half pint 50c, pint 75c, quart $1.25. Try your dealer first, but do not accept anything ‘‘iust as good.’’ Aphine Manufacturing Company, MADISON, N. J. LOW PRICE HIGH GRADE — A (RANA! ARAN mA Mi HGH GRADE DOW WIRE & IRON WKS. LOUISVILLE.KY. The WITTEN Just What You Have Been Looking For A necessity for Farm- Xrs, Fruit Growers, YRON FENCE jj Cemeteries, Golf Clubs, Dairies, ] Stockmen, Con- fy tractorsand all man- Y ufacturing plants. oe Send today for free illustrated booklet telling all about this labor-saving cart. Baker Mfg.Co., 599Hunter Bldg ., Chicago, Ill. Home Owners Use ae ODOR z See TRacE MARR” Underground Garbage Receiver The only practical sani- tary way of disposing of garbage; sets deep in the ground and the buckets last for years. Opens with the foot, leaves the hand free to empty the garbage SZ... TS 4 Ymace wert Spiral Trussed Rib Ash Barrel outwears all others and is ten pounds lighter. FIREPROOF TI) *RADE MART Underfloor Refuse Receiver Stores your ashes out of sight and makes the work of attending furnace easy. Sold Direct. Send for circular on each. ~ Before the furnace, easy to sweep into and sanitary # C,H. Stephenson, Mfr., 72" "hcc April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix THE ANNUAL SMALL HOUSE NUMBER HE May number of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS will be devoted to the small house, its building, its decoration and its furnishing. The subject will be strongly featured, including a display of bungalows and small houses, which will be illustrated by exterior and in- terior views, and floor plans. The small house will be given special attention, since it is the most numerously constructed building in this country, and because it is a type of building that excites the widest interest and offers the largest field for helpfulness to the home builder. There will be articles from the decorating of the home to the arrangement of flowers for the table, from the plan- ning of the kitchen to the building of a garage, from the pur- chasing of a motor car to the planting of the garden and the home grounds. Everything pertaining to the home and garden will be presented in such a form as to solve the problems which so often confront the house owner. The various departments conducted by specialists add greatly to the value of this number, and besides these de- partments the magazine will contain a host of articles which will prove of great interest to our readers. The table of contents published on page 121 in the cur- rent issue will give a synopsis of the contents for the May number of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. THE ELM LEAF BEETLE A CCORDING to the leading State Entomologists, the indications are that the ravages of the Elm Leaf Beetle will be far more serious this year than during the past, and it is certainly a matter of vast importance for the consideration of all owners of estates in the country to do their utmost to eliminate this insect. It is suggested that the owners of elm trees should have them sprayed as soon as the foliage develops in early May. The winter of the Elm Leaf Beetle is passed in adult condition. The beetles take refuge in attics, sheds, barns and other places of similar nature. They emerge from their hibernating quarters as soon as the foliage of the elm develops in the spring, when they take to the leaves and in early June, eggs are deposited by the beetles on the and early June, eggs are deposited by the beetles on the under side of the leaves, from which caterpillars are hatched. These feed on the layer of cells on the under side of the leaves, giving the foliage a skeletonized appearance. Beginning during the last days of June and continuing until the middle of July, the full grown larve, which are less than half an inch long, crawl down the trunk and change to yellow pupe at the base of the tree and on the ground near it. Adults develop a week after the forma- tion of pupe, and in the last part of July the summer 2a MOE OT PUT UUTU RN Trem CCUUL Ce CCCCCACUCCUC CI brood of beetles is abundant. These fly to the leaves again, feed on them, deposit eggs and the life cycle of the insect is repeated. There are two broods a year. The only effective way to control the Elm Leaf Beetle is to spray the foliage with arsenate of lead as soon as the leaves unfold. This spraying is important for the reason that if the beetles can be killed before they lay their eggs there will be no larve to deal with later. It is this early spraying to catch the adult beetles that is suggested. If early spraying is neglected, an application of arsenate of lead is necessary when the larve begin to feed. This spraying, however, is not as effective as the early one. When the full grown larve crawl down the trunks to pupate, great numbers of them collect in the crevices of the bark, at the bases of the elms, and on the ground near the trees. At that time every owner of a tree can do his part to destroy the pest by sweeping up the caterpillars as they come down and kill them by pouring boiling hot water over them. There are plenty of firms in practically every city, town or village who will do the spraying at a nominal cost, in case one is unable to do it himself, for it should be the pleasure of everyone to assist in the preservation of that most beautiful tree, the elm, so splendidly mentioned by Ruskin, who speaks of it as the mother of Gothic architec- ture. THE REAL ESTATE AND IDEAL HOMES SHOW HE second exhibition of the Real Estate and Ideal Homes Show will be held at Madison Square Gar- den from April 26th to May 34d, inclusive. The first exhibition was held last year, and, while an in- terest was to be expected from the public, it was not antici- pated that the attendance would be so large. On account of the demands of the public it was found necessary to extend the show ‘another week, which was a very unusual concession, and the first on record where the exhibitors made a unanimous request to the management for such a pur- pose. The show was organized to afford an opportunity of studying various types of house construction, decorations, and furnishings, and includes everything that goes to make a home. One of the principal features of the exhibition will be the presentation by real estate companies of models of suburban development. Another feature worthy of note will be the splendid collection of photographs of houses and architects’ drawings, from which one may secure sug- gestions for home-building. The exhibits of all kinds of materials for the building of a home, the models of the most improved kind for use in its perfect equipment, and the latest designs for the decorating of the interior are fea- tures in this show, and will prove helpful to those who are interested in either the building or the improvement of the home. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 Opal - Glass - Lined i Oak Refrigerator 3318 Freight Prepaid from Factory You get this highest grade Solid Oak, Wickes’ New Con- structed Refrigerator, lined with Opal Glass, ‘‘better than marble,” for only $31.75— fr2ight prepaid from factory. You buy the Wickes Re- frigerator direct from the , factory, at actual factory | prices. You save all the dealers’, jobbers’ and de- | partment store profits. You get the Wickes at the price asked everywhere for or- dinary ‘“‘enameled’”’ refrig- as erators, for which you have MEASUREMENTS to pay the freight in addi- Height, 45in. Width, 361n-. Depth, tion. 21 in. Ice Capacity 100 lbs. The Wickes New Constructed No. 230 is made of solid oak, to last a lifetime—perfectly joined and beautifully finished, The food compartment and door are lined throughout with OPAL GLASS, 7-16 in. thick. Our exclusive construction gives you double refrigeration from every pound of ice. Opal glass makes the WICKES absolutely sanitary, Your money refunded if the WICKES is not exactly as represented. See and use this high-grade refrigerator in your home. Send for Free Beautiful Art Catalog It shows you the famous Wickes Refrigerators of all sizes—inside and out. Guaranteed and sold by The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 264 Wabash Ave., Chicago 29=35 W. 32d St., New York (Established Over 60 Years) We prepay the freight from factory to every point East of the Rockies. West of the Rockies only the treight from Denver is added. (12) FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. SOLE MANUFACTURERS NEW HAVEN, CONN. Shetland Ponies An unceasing source of pleasure and ro- bust health to children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. n Highest type. Complete out- fits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue. BELLE MEADE FARM he Dept.W. Markham, Va. *BRIST A aecORDER waren THE BRISTOLES. WATER RP ER OO, DP BRISTOL'S Recording Thermometers For recording outdoor atmospheric tempera- tures. Recording Instrument installed indoors. Sensitive bulb in weather protecting lattice bex located outdoors. Write for Bulletin No. 124 giving full in- formation, THE BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn. A NEW METAL FOR AEROPLANE CONSTRUCTION NE of the chief chemists in the lab- 6) oratory of Messrs. Vickers, Sons & Maxim, the well-known British armament manufacturers, has recently per- fected an aluminum-alloy which has the strength of mild steel, and which is only slightly heavier than aluminum. This new alloy, to which the generic name ‘“Dura- lumin’” has been applied, is especially suitable for the frames of aeroplanes and the cars of dirigible balloons, where com- bined lightness, great strength and tough- ness are so imperative; and inasmuch as this firm is now actively engaged in the con- struction of aerial vessels, it is being ex- tensively utilized in connection therewith. The alloy contains upward of 90 per cent. of aluminum, has a specific gravity of about 2.8, and a melting point of 650 de- grees C. (1,202 degrees F.). Its physical properties are secured by special treat- ment which is well under control, and may be obtained for any purpose for which it may be required with a tensile strength of 40 tons per square inch with very little elongation, from 28 to 30 tons per square inch with 15 per cent. elongation in 2 inches, or 25 tons per square inch with an elongation of about 20 per cent. in 2 inches. Although primarily evolved for the rigid parts of aerial vessels, it has been found that the alloy is eminently suited for the fabrication of any article usually ex- ecuted in aluminum, either for military, domestic, or commercial purposes where a great economy in weight is of vital impor- tance. The alloy will also take a polish equal to nickel plating, is unaffected by mercury, and is non-magnetic, while it is proof against atmospheric influences and but slightly susceptible to the action of sea or fresh water. For electrical apparatus it possesses many possibilities, emits » when struck a clear silver tone, and is suitable for sound producing apparatus such as bells, organ pipes, etc. The alloy is ob- tainable in its finished form for whatever purpose it may be required, such as rivets, plates, sheets, wire, strip, and so on, but is not recommended for castings. The Vickers, Sons & Maxim Company has erected a special factory near Birmingham for its production, which has been placed in the hands of one of its subsidiary con- nections, the Electric and Ordnance Ac- cessories Company. INSULATING COVERING FOR STEAM PIPES (According to Dietrich) HE cleansed pipes are coated with a priming coat consisting of 200 parts liquid - water-glass, 100 parts of water, 150 parts fine sand and 30 parts sifted sawdust. The covering mixture comes next; 60 parts of dry loam, 8 parts sifted sawdust, 3 parts ground cork refuse, 4 parts potato starch, 4 parts potato dex- trin, 4 parts powdered water-glass, 30 parts of water. The loam must be well kneaded up with the water and add to this the previ- ously mixed pulverized substances. The paste-like mass is then spread with a trowel on the heated and primed metal surfaces, to a thickness of 3-16 to 3-8 of an inch (5 to 10 millimeters). When this layer is thoroughly dry, the top coating can be re- peated, until the pipe covering has a total thickness of at least two inches (20 milli- meters). Previous layers must always be allowed to dry thoroughly. To give a smooth finish to the final coat it must be brushed over with water, while still wet. m= IHREAD are now made and aes in ae READ THRUM ~~ ""P® RUGS 16 FEET and any length; in any color or colorcombination, 65 regular _ shades~any othershading made mam to match. Send for color card. “Yon choose the Arnold, Constable & Co., Selling Agts., NewYork colors, we’ll TMAKSRLE ee Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a | similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA FRANCIS HOW ARD New Studios 5 W. 28th St., N.Y. EXPERT Send 10 cents for Booklet lei FONTS VASES EENCHES PEDESTALS SEWAGE DISPOSAL Without Sewers FOR COUNTRY HOMES Illustrated Booklet Free Address Ashley House Sewage Disposal Co. 115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, III. >YSTEM meee Patented COUNTRY HOMES may enjoy city comforts and conveniences at less cost than Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- tricity, with none of their dangers, by using the Automatic ECONOMY GAS MACHINE Produces light, kitchen and laundry fuel; light- ed the same as electric, but without batteries. Write for booklet, “The Economy Way.’ ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Manufacturers 437 Main Street, Rochester N. Y. HE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. Low Price Liberal Terms C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS = = rey — >= = The Small House of To-day There is no more interesting subject for the home- builder than that which deals with the building of the small house. Exterior and interior views, and floor plans are shown to illustrate an article written by Francis Durando Nichols, which gives a comprehensive idea of the interior treatment of each house. Two New England Houses Illustrations of the modern house of low cost, which have been copied from the old New England farm- house, are always interesting for the reason that they represent all that is simple, and yet combine all the fea- tures for comfort and repose. Paul Thurston has con- tributed an article on the subject which is illustrated by exterior and interior views, and floor plans, and it presents helpful suggestions for the one who is seeking designs for houses of interest. Bungalows A special number would not be complete without the presentation of the bungalow. There are some inter- esting ones with views and plans which illustrate the paper prepared by Robert Prescott. A Bungalow Built of Terra-Cotta Blocks The bungalow built for Mr. F. R. Bangs, at Ware- ham, Mass., was designed primarily for comfort, and its well planned rooms and picturesque environment tend to produce the desired result. It is constructed of hollow terra-cotta blocks, which are exposed in the main living-rooms of the house. Mary H. North- end has prepared a paper on this house which is illus- trated by many fine engravings, and is one that is worth knowing about on account of the material of which it is built. Flower Arrangements for the Table Along with the marked progress made in the larger and tore important details of home-making is the attention now paid to those which are contributing to the general effect of a home. While the conventional holder for a floral centerpiece for the dining-table is some kind of vase or jar in pottery or glass, there is nothing more attractive than a shapely basket in which a bowl of water is fitted. Edith Haviland has pre- sented an excellent article, illustrated by many en- gravings showing how this may be attained. Decorative Curtain Schemes Selecting curtains for the house is a rather hard task; not because there is so little to choose from, but for the reason that there is so much. In order to avoid mistakes and to secure the best possible hangings, that will not only give satisfaction to those who occupy the home, but pleasure to all who see them, one not skilled in the art of selection should be interested in the ideas furnished by Mabel Tuke Priestman, who presents many helpful suggestions in the furnishing of the doors and windows of a home. The article is illustrated, and shows some of the latest designs for curtain hang- ings. The Modern Kitchen We accept without question the idea that the kitchen should be both clean and sanitary, but we are not al- ways so sure that the efficiency of this busy end of the house is a matter of vital importance to those sup- xi American Homes and Gardens for May posed to be interested in home affairs. The kitchen is the place where nearly three-fourths of the actual housework must be performed, and the arrangement and equipment must exert more or less influence upon the whole problem of housekeeping; therefore, it is necessary that great consideration should be given to this part of the house. George E. Walsh has con- tributed an excellent article on this subject; one which is illustrated by engravings showing some model kitchens. The Inexpensive Small Garage With the increasing use of the motor car, it is becom- ing more and more the custom to house the machine on the premises of the owner, practicularly in rural and suburban places. The practice of keeping the car at home is more practical and satisfactory now than formerly, and H. P. Wilkin has prepared an excellent article on the subject, which is illustrated by many de- signs for a moderate price garage. The Low-Priced Motor Car for the Man of Modest Means The motor car has become as important and as nec- essary for the convenience and comfort of the man who lives in the country, as the heater which warms his house. ‘The economic process of the building of a car has enabled many manufacturers to produce a vehicle that is within the means of the average man who lives in the country. Stanley Yale Beach has written an interesting paper on the subject, which is illustrated by engravings showing cars which can be bought for from $725 to $1,500. Planning a Seashore Garden The first thing to consider in the making of a seaside garden is the matter of wind-breaks. These may not be over two feet in height, but in most localities they are an absolute necessity. The next important detail is to select the flowers with which to plant it. All flowers will not grow in a seashore garden, so Martha Haskell Clark tells in her article how to make a selec- tion of the best flowers to plant, and the results that are to be expected. The Arrangement for the Small Garden Charles Downing Lay has prepared plans by which to illustrate his article, showing how a garden for a small place may be planted. He tells in his paper how it is possible for one to have a small garden, even though the space is limited, and points out the possibilities and the means of developing it. Spraying the Apple Orchard There is not a neglected ‘home orchard” in our coun- try but can be brought back to a good bearing condi- tion and made to produce perfect fruit. This is a condition that is realized by many farmers who would gladly give their trees proper attention if they knew what to do. They recognize their trouble, but do not know the cause. Benjamin W. Douglas, State Ento- mologist of Indiana, has prepared an exceptional article on this subject, which points out the methods to pursue in order to eliminate destructive insect pests. The ar- ticle is profusely illustrated, and is one that ought to be of interest to all who possess apple trees, whether they belong to the home grounds or to the more pre- tentious orchard. xii The Bark Is Rapidly Covering the Cement \ “THE :DAVEY METHOD”. _# AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Restore Trees To John Davey Father of Tree Surgery A periect treesis a rare things. Oniy, a very small percentage of our American trees are so nearly perfect that they require but a small amount of expert work to make them completely so. In any grove of one hundred trees, native or transplanted, from ten % to fifty will be found in a serious condition, as a rule—exceptions to this rule are very rarely found. Probably half of the remainder will show evidences of moderately serious conditions, when examined by experts, and other half will grade from that stage to nearly perfect. Abuse and neglect are the two chief factors which are at work to destroy trees. If even the tini- est cavity in a tooth is neglected the inevitable result is either a dificult operation in the The Vast Majority course of a few years or the loss of the tooth. Just so with the of Trees Need Expert Treatment trees—the small and innocent looking hole you see today will be greatly increased in dimen- sions five years hence. As the cavity grows in size, it weakens the tree and in but a few years the tree will be blown down some_ windy day, destroying entirely the growth of years. While a tree is but slightly affected it is a com- paratively inexpensive matter for it to be treated by the Davey experts. They will clean out the cavity, stop the decay, fill the hole skill- fully and the bark will soon heal over it. The longer the tree is neglected the more its life is endangered and the more it costs to save it. It pays to take time by the forelock and give your trees really expert attention when they least need it. As the tree grows worse, treatment becomes more imperative and more expensive. Prompt Treatment of Tree Ills Saves Money Write us Now about Your Fine Trees and their Examination by an Expert The quality service of our experts is now available east of the Missouri river. Our corps of special representatives are making up their traveling schedules for spring and summer. It is quite possible we can arrange to have one of them make an examination of your trees without cost and obligation to you—if we hear from you at once. kinds and where located. When you write tell us how many trees you have; what We will send you bocklet explaining the science of tree surgery and giving ample evidence of its practical and permanent value to trees when properly practiced. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. 124 Ash Street KENT, OHIO (Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery) < f Correct Tree Filling as Done By “THE DAVEY METHOD” April, 1911 Ne: use DBs SNe o AUS Ss AMERICAN é ma HOMES AND GARDENS | } Price, 25 Cents $3.00 a Year SeNele NES FOR APRIL, 1911 SRP RRACH, SREPSICEAD DO) RHE GARDEN <2. .\cu. Paes pu im swieree eles @ be bb cee Frontispiece “Wuite Lopce’’—The Country Seat of A. Lithgow Devens, Esq., Manchester-by-the-Sea, NUNS EIEN ns et ae. Gen a uiete Amick 9 QoS eS eS By Francis Durando Nichols 123 FURNITURE OF OUR FOREFATHERS—Late Georgian. Part III ...... By Esther Singleton 127 SUGGESTIONS FOR EASTER TABLES—Jack Horner Pies and Favors....By May L. Schryver 131 NEWaSUGEESTONS FOR MARNING: 521. 6 o50c4 6 0s Sticlelnn es bbe ee By Mabel Tuke Priestman 134 Elem aiRee ice SeOPEDENE gINORIDENVWIEG Iso cee 5's Grobe le eye eae dose 8 PA De Dee are be ee Ba dls 136 THE JAPANESE GARDEN IN AMERICA ................ By Phoebe Westcott Humphreys 137 EPANDICRAETSMAN——Idome-Made Pottery. Illi. 2s... ee ee et ee By Vie servis 42 LUTHER BURBANK’s WONDERFUL Work IN HorticuLtTure....By Charles J. Woodbury 144 Pe NOUED whe SIN WATER (COMLECTOR 6 0).0.6 0 0. ne scie 6 oec deck See he vie oe By A. Gradenwitz 147 A Concrete City By THE SEA—A Group of White Stucco Houses with Red Tiled Roof By John F. Springer 149 EPVANDING DABLE OF THE BEST PERENNIALS. .2 2.0.60. bee By Charles Downing Lay 156 The Editor’s Note Book AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for May The Use and Charm of Stucco Queen of the Hollyhocks Garden Notes Wild Flowers Worth Growing Helps for the Housewife Correspondence New Books Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President 6 = = - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hcld himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The terrace steps lead to the garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS >= nS: OST SSSR SOA “White Lodge The Country Seat of A. Lithgow Devens, Esq., Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass. By Francis Durando Nichols % N dismounting from the train at the little r station at Manchester, one is met at one side by the sea with its broad expanse of glittering water, while at the other side is the highway. Entering a motor car, one is taken through a delightful road, with its many finely kept estates all linking hands one with the other in such a harmonious fashion as to resemble a single great park. A sudden stop and one en- ters the woods at “White Lodge.” The primeval forest seems almost impenetrable on account of its denseness; beautiful woods, such as are frequently found in northern New England; woods that seem soft and quiet, with not a house or living thing to indicate the presence of man, save the roadway which has been made through them. The road ascends to the hill top where a sudden sweep brings the visitor to the forecourt built at the front of the house. One is not disappointed, for here rests a delightful house; a house with absolute simplicity and directness. Standing on the crest of the hill as it does, wreathed in all the beauty and glory of its wooded land, it is a place where one may live for the beauty and sequestration, for it holds all that The entrance front to the house * | f MM Ki f SFA INN ‘te -~ Ay The stable court man can possibly demand for quiet and repose. A charm- ing structure; the work of Messrs. Little & Browne, archi- tects, of Boston, Mass. The classic exterior pleases the eye for its direct lines and for the absence of superfluous ornamentation, which effect is repeated throughout the interior. The plan of the whole place shows a comprehensive idea carried out to its logical end. ‘The problem was to give a sunny exposure to as many rooms as possible and at the same time to create a private garden at the rear of the house. The forecourt, enclosed with a high stucco wall, has its entrance-way columns ornamented with classic urns. At the left side of this court, a similar entrance way leads to the stable and garage, which is built in close proximity to the main house and is easily accessible from the service quar- ters. The main entrance to the house is built in the center of the main building, and it is interesting to note what AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 effective results can be obtained by the use of simple forms in construc- tion. ‘The main doorway is a very excellent example of this kind of building, for it is emphasized by a slight projection hardly more than two feet in extent, but being the only projection on the front is quite suf- ficient to meet the desired attainment. The vestibule is entered one step above the porch floor, while other steps ascend to the main hall. The woodwork and the low dado which extend around the walls are painted white. [he wall surface above this dado is done in two tones of blue; the darker tone lining out a paneled effect. In most houses of this size the stairs mount directly from the hall, thus doing away with the sacrificing of a great deal of room for a sepa- rate staircase-hall. In this house, however, a different treatment was found desirable, and in consequence the stairs ascend from a private hall separated by a classic archway. ‘This passageway also forms an access to the dining-room and the service part of the house. To the right of the entrance is built the den, which is a charming little room. The fireplace is furnished with Welsh tile facings and hearth, and a mantel with a paneled over-mantel. Bookcases with enclosed cupboards below the counter shelf and open shelves above are built in at either side of the fireplace. The trim is painted white and the walls are covered with a soft tone of écru, which latter forms an excellent background for the many old prints with which the walls are hung. A flowered chintz covers the furniture, and curtains of the same material are hung at the windows. The drawing-room, opening from the hall and facing the garden, is delightful. It is a matter of satisfaction to note the absence of any pretence of elaborate ornamenta- tion in its treatment. The walls have a low wainscoting The drawing-room The ingle-nook April, 1911 painted white, above which they are covered with a paper showing a white floral design on a gray background. The chintz coverings of the furniture give a touch of color to the decora- tive scheme. The ingle-nook is the important feature of the room. It has an open fireplace, tile facings and hearth, and a mantel and over- mantel. Low bookcases are also built on either side of the fireplace. The dining-room is the most pre- tentious room in the house. It is a splendid apartment, long and broad in its proportions. ‘The principal feature here is the scheme for the wall decoration, which is most un- usual, and it is particularly handsome, as it is carried out in harmony with the architecture of the house and il- lustrates the classic feeling. To describe the effect of these wall paint- ings upon one when entering, would be impossible. While the illustra- tions show the detail and outlines of the designs, they do not present the coloring, which is the most important feature of the paintings. It is in reality an “Italian Fan- tisee,” and is the work of the well known mural painter, George Porter Fernald, of Boston, Mass. Broad door- ways at one end of the room give access to it from the staircase hall, while at the opposite end of the room the broad windows furnish ample light and ventilation, and open directly onto the garden, which is built at the rear of the house. The fireplace has marble facings and hearth and a paneled over-mantel, in which is placed a painting to carry out the decorative scheme of this side of the room. Oriental rugs placed on a highly polished floor, and ma- hogany furniture and antique cabinets complete the fur- nishings of this room. The service end of the house is built in a separate wing and includes a large butler’s pantry, finished in white enamel, a kitchen thoroughly equipped with every modern appliance, a servants’ hall and laundry, while a private ME > KOK DCE} AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The garden front stairway leads to the servants’ quarter in the second story of the extension. The second floor of the main house contains Ni Devens’ boudoir and bedroom, which are treated wita wa.i- enamel trim and gray and white striped wall covering. Mir. Devens’ room has also white enamel trim and the walls are covered with crimson poppies. [he guest rooms are all treated in a particular color scheme. Each of the room: connects either with a private or a general bathroom, whici is tiled and furnished with all the best modern improve- ments. The second story porch, opening from Mrs. Devens’ room, is screened and enclosed so as to be used as an out- door sleeping-room. The garden, built at the rear of the house, was made from the clearing in the woods, and is enclosed with a ter- raced wall. From this garden broad vistas are obtained The den The dining-room 126 of the surrounding country, beyond which is the sea. The garden en- trance from the drawing-room is ornamented by con- Gretel). co lien a's which are placed between the door- way and the win- dows, the latter built at either side of the opening. AMERICAN. HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 the wall. A living- porch is built at one side of the house, and it is reached from the drawing- room. It is en- closed with a green painted lattice work, and is furn- ished in a comfort- able and harmoni- ous fashion. The garage, which has already been men- A broad _ porch tioned, is con- flanked on each structed in harmony side by a balustrade with the house. It AnCuaSiesavtasin @ 1S is a square build- marked by two ing, with three en- ornamented urns trances surmounted at the step line of by three circular the porch. arches. It is thor- Broad, sweeping oughly equipped steps descend to The hall with allo @hme the garden walk modern appliances which leads to the woods in either direction and down to the belvedere at the end of the bowling green. The terrace wall which extends around the garden is built of rock-faced stone laid up in a random manner. Vines have been planted that grow over this wall, and it is now nearly covered by their attractive spread. Considerable planting has been done about the garden porch, which rounds out the corners between the porch and for the care of a motor car. The chauffers’quarters are also provided and are fitted with the necessary appointments. This country seat with all its accessories is undeniably arranged on the lines that secure a perfect residence; one that even the most jaded taste could welcome with the relish that comes with a gratified rural appetite, for every comfort and luxury are here in very ample measure and with the buoyant adjuncts of land and sea air influences. Another view of the dining-room April, rg11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 127 Fig. |—A Sofa sold for $230 Furniture of Our Forefathers By Esther Singleton Late Georgian — Part Ill. OUGHLY speaking, furniture and all ' forms of Decorative Art in which the curve predominated lasted from the be- ginning until the middle of the century, when the straight line asserted itself and triumphed. In the last days of Louis XV the reaction is already visible. Indeed, indications of the coming Louis XVI style begin between 1745 and 1750. The discoveries made in Pompeii and Herculaneum are responsible for the enthusiasm that the straight line and regular forms of Greek art exerted in certain masters of Decorative Art. Among the precursors of the Louis XVI style and whose works are a mixture of the Louis XV and Louis XVI styles are Lucotte, Watelet, J. B. Pierre, Dumont, Roubo, Charles de Wailly, Choffart and Neufforge. In the last particularly do we meet with the coming style; and, among the designs of Delafosse (1731), one of the chief expo- nents of the Louis XVI style, we find many reminiscences of the Louis XV style. The lovers of the Classic in England were only too ready to welcome the re- action from the rococo and to stimulate the new taste for the straight line, mortu- ary urn, and arabesque ornamentation. The early Louis XVI was known in Eng- land as the Adam style, which is, how- ever, unfair to a great many others who made war on the Gothic, Chinese, and rococo taste. Numerous books on archi- tecture, ornamentation and decorative de- sign, as well as cabinet work, were issued between 1765 and 1771; and it is notice- able that the names of many Italians appear in this list. The artists that the Adam brothers employed to work for them—Angelica Kauffman and her hus- band, Antonio Zucchi, Cipriani and Per- golesi—had also great influence. The last, whom they brought from Italy, is thought by Mr. Heaton to be the ‘‘unac- knowledged author of most of the beau- tiful details of Adam’s book.” The Adam brothers never made furniture—they were architects and designers; and it was largely owing to their high social position that their influence was so great. When Chippendale published his fa- mous book of designs, the Louis KV style was on the wane. The very year Fig. 2—A clock sold for $250 of its publication—1754—-Robert Adam went to Dal- matia to study the ruins of the Emperor Diocletian’s pal- ace; and, on his return to England in 1762 became royal architect. His brother, James, was identified with him in all his work. As the nobility and gentry not only patron- ized the Adam brothers, but received them socially, these architects and designers of furniture belong to a different class from that of Chippendale, Heppelwhite and Sheraton. They themselves said: “If we have any claim to approba- tion, we found it on this alone: That we flatter ourselves we have been able to seize with some degree of success the beautiful spirit of antiquity, and to transfuse it, with novelty and variety, through all our numerous works.” An English critic has aptly written: ‘‘Whatever were the architectural defects of their works, the brothers formed a style which was marked by a fine sense of pro- portion, and a very elegant taste in the selection and dis- position of niches, lunettes, reliefs, festoons, and other classical ornaments. It was their custom to design furniture in character with their apartments, and their works of this kind are still highly prized. Among them may be specially mentioned their sideboards, with elegant urn-shaped knife boxes; but they also designed bookcases and com- modes, brackets and pedestals, clock cases and candelabra, mirror frames and con- sole tables of singular and original merit, adapting classical forms to modern uses with a success unrivalled by any other de- signer of furniture in England.” Among the ornaments the Adam brothers used were lozenge-shaped panels, octagons, ovals, hexagons, circles, wreaths, fans, husks, medallions, draped medallions, medallions with figures, goats, the ram’s head, eagle-headed grotesques, grifins, sea-horses, the patera, the ro- sette, caryatids, and all other classical and mythological subjects. Very much simpler than the furniture de luxe of the Adam brothers is that ap- pearing in the book published in 1788 by the firm of A. Heppelwhite & Co., cabi- net makers, called The Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide, or Repository of Designs for Every Article of House- hold Furniture in the Newest and Most Approved Taste. In some respects the patterns shown here are more character- 128 istically English than the designs of either Chippen- dale or Adam. Indeed, the authors of this book claim that they have se- lected such as will “convey a just idea of English taste in furniture for houses.” They also remark that “English taste and work- manship have, of late years, been much sought for by surrounding nations; and the mutability of all things, but more especially of fashions, has rendered the labors of our prede- cessors in this line of little use.’’ They also assert that they have avoided all whims, or fancies, and “‘steadily ad- hered to such articles only as are of general use and service,” but they also claim that their drawings are new and follow ‘the latest, or most prevailing fashion.” When this book appeared, the Chippendale style was entirely out of date; and as far as Heppelwhite is con- cerned, neither the ‘‘Chinese’ nor the “Gothic” styles ever existed. The general effect of Heppelwhite fur- niture is lightness and the straight line is insistent. The characteristic ornaments are the bell-flower in swags or chutes, the lotus, the rosette, the acanthus, the shell, the urn, draped and without drapery, and the three feathers of the Prince of Wales’s crest. [hese ornaments are carved, in- laid, painted, or japanned. To all other legs, he prefers the tapering and slender “term” leg ending in the “‘spade’’ foot, as shown in Fig. 12, which is very heavy for a genuine Heppelwhite piece. ‘The carvy- ing of the bell-flower chites on the legs is also heavy. The fluting on the drawers suggests Shera- ton. The Hepplewhite chair is famous, and two good ex- amples appear in Figs. 6 and 11, which show the oval and shield-shaped backs, of which this school was so fond. Both are “elbow,” or armchairs, and Fig. 11 shows a festoon of drapery, which falls in a graceful swag from Fig. 5—A wall table sold for $1,750 AMERICAN HOMES Fig. 3—-A dining table sold for $400 Fig. 4—Wine cooler AND GARDENS April, 1911 the urn which forms the splat to the side rails, where it is lightly carved. The haircloth covering on the seat is correct and prop- erly fastened to the frame by brass-headed nails, which form an ornamental border. Generally speak- ing, the proportions of the Heppelwhite chair are as follows: Height, 3 feet 1 inch; height, to seat frame a | from floor, 17 imehese “as depth of seat, 17 inches, and width of seat in front, 20 inches. For the seats of open back and carved chairs silk, satin, and leather and horsehair (figured, checked, plain, or striped) were used. A table of this period appears in Fig. 5, intended for a sideboard-table for the dining-room. It was in Heppelwhite’s time that the sideboard, with its convenient arrangement of drawers and cupboards, with a large flat top for the display of silver, came into fashion. Up to this time the court cupboard, the tall enclosed buffet, and large “sideboard table’ had been used, but. Heppelwhite turns it into a very elaborate piece of fur- niture, with drawers and cupboards. The Heppelwhite sideboard stands on tapering legs ending in the “spade,” or ‘‘Marlbor- ough”’ foot, and is generally made of ma- hogany and inlaid with satinwood, the legs being ornamented with graduated bell-flowers. Brass ring-handles are used. Knife cases and an urn-shaped spoon case stand, as a rule, on the slab of the side- board with the plate. Tea-trays, tea-tables, candle-stands and tea-kettle stands are also to be found among his designs. The tea-kettle stand, of which an ex- ample of this period is shown in Fig. 7, was of great use to the hostess. The one in the accompanying illustration has gaps in the banister and rail for the sake of convenience in handling the kettle. Hepplewhite was as fond of upholstery as Chippendale. He loved the festoon, cords and tassels, and gave explicit Fig. 6—A shield-back chair April, 1911 Fig. 7—A tea-kettle stand Fig. 8—A Sheraton chair directions for his elaborate draperies for beds. Pier glasses, mirrors and girandoles were carved in a great variety of designs. Many indications of the approaching Sheraton style appear among his models. In all probability Thomas Sheraton, a journeyman cabinet-maker, who settled in London about 1790, made even less furniture than Chippendale. From the time he arrived in London until his death in 1806 he seems to have devoted all his time to writing practical books on furniture and issuing designs. It is interesting, too, to notice that he claimed very few of the models. He says that his Cabinet- Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing-Book is “intended to ex- hibit the present taste of furniture and at the same time to give the workman some assistance in the manufacture of it.’ Moreover, he continues: ‘I have made it my business to apply to the best workmen in different shops to obtain their assistance in the explanation of such pieces as they have been most acquainted with. And, in general, my re- quest has been complied with, from the generous motive of making the book as generally useful as possible.” ‘Thus, the most fashionable furniture of the day appears in Sheraton’s books. In his early publications the designs are chiefly in the Louis XVI style, while in his Cabinet Dic- tionary, published in 1803 and Cabinet-Maker, Upholsterer and General Artist's Encyclopaedia, published in 1804-06, the Empire style appears in full glory. Fig. 11—A shield-back chair sold for $330 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 129 Fig. 9—A Sheraton chair Fig. 10—A Sheraton leather chair He is particularly fond of carving and gives many grace- ful designs and motives for the splats and banisters of chairs and the posts of beds. He is also extremely fond of inlaid furniture and painted furniture and liked the new fashion of inlaying with brass. Satinwood he greatly ad- mired, especially of a fine straw color, and thought zebra wood and tulip wood beautiful for cross-banding. His drawing-room furniture was of white and gold, painted and japanned, of satinwood or of rosewood. Mahogany he used only for dining-room, bedroom and library furniture and for chairs with carved and open backs. A typical chair of Sheraton’s early period appears in Fig. 8. Here we have one of his favorite square backs, the two central posts forming a round arch, the square top of which rises above the top rail of the chair. The slender, delicate and elegant urn of the Louis XVI period is surmounted by three feathers, and is carved with graceful drapery in low relief. A chair of a later period appears in Fig. 9. Here we see the square lattice-work back, the reeded legs and the twisted stumps that support the arms. The patera, or rosette, hides the joining of the side posts and back and the legs in the front. Diagonal stretchers connect the legs. Of still later period is the chair Fig. 10. This is much in the style of what he calls the Herculaneum, intended for ‘‘rooms fitted up in the antique taste.’”’ He also recommends them for music-rooms. Fig. 12—A dining table sold for $600 130 The secretary and bookcase was, as a rule, somewhat smaller than during the days of Chippendale; but the glass doors, of which so many varieties appear in Chippendale’s book, still remained in fashion. A good example appears in Fig. 13, which needs no description except to say that Sheraton would flute green silk behind the glass doors. One of the central drawers is missing. Another mahogany desk and bookcase appears in Fig. 15. ‘This is built on con- cave curves, as are also the glass doors of the upper part. The lower part contains a slide, which, when pulled out, forms a desk, beneath which is a drawer, then a cupboard and below this a second drawer. This piece is also in the Sheraton style. A mixture of styles appears in Fig. 14. The model for this is the old Dutch cupboard in two parts; the ogee foot and the framework for the glass suggest Chippendale, the fluted sides Sheraton and the “swan- necked’’ pediment with its pedestal for a bust, or piece of china, a still earlier period. The extension dining-table did not come into existence Fig. 13—A secretary until 1800, when Richard Gillow, a cabinet-maker in Oxford street, invented the telescopic table which, with its various changes, is the table in use to-day. -Gillow’s table is de- scribed as ‘“‘an improvement in the method of constructing dining and other tables calculated to reduce the number of legs, pillars and claws and to facilitate and render easy their enlargement and reduction.” Sheraton’s ideas of the dining-table are best understood by a reference to his book: ‘The common useful dining-tables are upon pillars and claws, generally four claws to each pillar, with brass casters. A dining-table of this kind may be made to any size by having a sufficient quantity of pillar and claw parts, for between each of these there is a loose flap, fixed by means of iron straps and buttons, so that they are easily taken off and put aside; and the beds may be joined to each other with brass straps or fork fastenings. The sizes of dining-tables for certain numbers may easily be caclulated by allowing two feet to each person sitting at table; less than this cannot with comfort be dis- pensed with. A table six feet by three, on a pillar and claw, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 14—A china cabinet April, 1911 will admit of eight persons, one only at each end and three on each side. By the addition of another bed, twelve, with four times the room in the center for dishes. The accompanying illustration, Fig. 3, is a table of this period, each pillar ending in three claws. For the further support of the central leaf a horse has been added; but, of course, has nothing to do with the original design. When the central leaf is not needed the two halves, supported by the pillar and claw, if put together form a round table, and they can also be used to form separate pier tables, and placed against the wall in the dining-room. Although the cellaret sideboard and sideboard with drawers, which became fashionable under Heppelwhite, were still more developed by Sheraton in his early period, in his late period he returns to the old ‘‘sideboard table” without drawers. Beneath it stood the cellaret, or wine cooler, also called by Sheraton a wine cistern. These were generally in the form of a sarcophagus and ‘“‘are adapted to stand under a sideboard, some of which have covers and Diam | i} ] ; pea oh Sel TO <4 it ~ ! Fig. 15—A desk and bookcase others without.”” A mahogany cellaret of the heavy Em- pire period appears in Fig. 4. The cellaret is always lined with lead and sometimes partitioned for wine bottles. Sheraton preferred them hooped with brass and with brass rings at the sides. The cornucopia appears on the sofa, Fig. 1, which also shows the influence of the Empire. This design is used to form the arm, above which on the top rail of the back is carved a dolphin. An animal’s claw with leaves suggests faintly the wing of the Assyrian lion. The ends of the rolled cushions are carved in leafy rosettes. Another Empire piece is the clock case, Fig 2. The dial and works were made by George Prior of London between 1809 and 1811, and the case is of the same date. Although the upper portion slightly suggests the turned-up roof of the Chinese pagoda, the general heaviness and clumsiness be- long to the Empire period. The illustrations of this article are of the Thomas Clarke Collection, which was recently sold at the American Art Galleries. April, 1911 ==, ie <= AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS il Ail Cee ai (ge; = es sare gee § Ce = iow ok Suggestions for Easter a 131 YY Zane’ OA: Kz = RAG, KOs >) Ee We i a ae : res veil i) 3 Jack Horner Pies and Favors By May L. Schryver Photographs by Helen D. Van Eaton set for luncheons, dinners, or parties, may be increased by the addition of timely centerpieces and favors, and the enjoy- ment of such an occasion is sure to be greater if the individual favors be- speak in any way the characteristics or pet hobbies of the guests. The clever hostess who realizes this will be able to adapt many of the favors illustrated to her own particular needs. The bunnies, chickens and decor- ated eggs belong exclusively to the Easter season and pro- vide a wide choice and unlimited possibilities. If rabbits have been chosen for the decoration of the Easter table, one need not consider whether or not the de- sign in mind may be found. The favor shops supply every variety from the flat, fuzzy white ones, which sell at thirty cents a dozen for the smallest size, up to those of brown and white papier mache in all sizes, from five cents each to the full life-size bunny at eighty cents. They may be had, also, in every conceivable attitude and costume. ‘The bunny chums, with their basket of candy eggs, are a solemn little pair who would delight the heart of any child and be welcomed by adults also. The eggs may be white sugar decorated with candy flowers, or eggshells filled with maple sugar. Their bugler brother is a sturdy figure who will do service as a bonbon box and also allow the band of his cap to be used as a place card. Another dressed figure carries a basket of wee, yellow chicks for an Easter gift, and it is a safe assumption that the child who receives the ~~ dil - jhe C ." These favors can be bought by the dozen and arranged to suit the occasion if \ \ } \ A ™ 1, mB e NW A 1 ——— Vk = vil ' \ % \ ‘ C4 — aK ‘ Ye, ) (eg C7 os basketful is provided with amusement for a week at least. The fuzzy, white rabbits are the surest ally, if children are to be entertained, for the soft, white bodies and pink ears are certain to delight them. ‘The little fellows with jointed “hands”? and feet are very adaptable. ‘Those in the illustrations may be bought by the dozen and used with other trifles, such as the automobile for the guest who motors, or the harp or banjo for those whose tastes are musical. They may be used either for bonbon box decora- tions, or for place cards. If chickens, or chickens and rabbits combined, are de- cided upon, the result will be most attractive, for the yel- low chickens will brighten the table surprisingly. These may also be had in numerous sizes at ten cents or over per dozen, and may be used in quite as many ways as the rab- bits. ‘Two or three placed in natural positions on top of a bonbon box are a sufficient decoration, and one alone on the corner of a place card will make it a fit companion piece. The one shown in the illustration is rather a hapless little fellow caught in a gilded toaster with a place card dangling from the end. A simple centerpiece for a children’s party table has a nest of clean hay or straw for a foundation. Upon it is placed a hen made from a flat piece of cardboard cut in the proper shape. The sides are padded out slightly with cotton and covered with smooth paper. Upon this are pasted the crépe paper feathers, beginning with the tail and overlapping them in irregular rows toward the head. Be- fore the head is covered, a comb made of red flannel should These favors are made from a group of articles purchased from a toy shop 13 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 A beehive made of crepe paper and orna- mented with flowers be glued in place and the bill gilded. When the feathers are on, the eyes, made of round bits of yellow paper with ink spots in the center, may be put on. In the same way a rooster can be made for carrying mail- bags containing Easter favors. These mail-bags may be made of buckram, in the shape of an egg which has been cut lengthwise through the middle. ‘The top should be left open, after the manner of a wall-pocket, and the out- side covered with crépe paper. A tiny chick for each guest is attached to the ends of the favor ribbons hanging from the mail-bags. The tail feathers should be made double, with a wire between the layers, so that they may be easily curved into shape. The egg Jack Horner is very easily made by covering an egg-shaped wire frame with crepe paper or cotton bat- ting. ‘The frame is supported by four large bunnies, and chicks are attached to the ends of the favor ribbons. A discarded toy cart decorated with flowers and colored paper or ribbon is the foundation for the chariot. It is drawn by a home-made chick, and driven by a little girl doll. If the chariot is made from a large cart, it will serve as a Jack Horner Pie, and a very small cart may be used as an individual favor. An adaptation of ‘There was an old woman who lived in a shoe”’ is carried out in the shoe swarming with chicks and A toy cart decorated with flowers A rooster with a mail-bag made of crépe paper containing Easter favors A Jack Horner egg made of crépe paper and cotton batting presided over by a distracted hen, also made of flat card- board and covered with feathers. The block shoe is easily made from buckram. The seams should be overcast to- gether and the whole covered with crépe paper. Short lad- ders made of cardboard provide a foothold for the numer- ous brood. The little carriage with its doll coachman shows another use for a child’s cart. It is filled with leaves and moss and topped with flowers, and the harness is decorated in the same way. A Saturday morning sewing bee may terminate in a luncheon with a beehive centerpiece. The foundation is a frame made of thin pieces of wood nailed together, with a Hat board top covered with plain crépe paper. This material, cut into strips narrow enough to look like grass, is fastened to the posts, and clusters of flowers are used for decoration. For the top of the hive use a shallow, round bandbox of a size in proportion to the base. Around the top fasten a cone of stiff paper and cover with paper rope, beginning at the bottom and winding upward, using a little paste to secure it. The rope may be made by twisting two strips of crépe paper tightly, and then twisting the two to- gether in the opposite direction. A few artificial bees on the hive will give a realistic touch. Under the hive, place a hen and her brood of chicks. The accompanying illustrations show three or four ways ~ an old woman who lived in a shoe” A adaptation of ““There was April, rg1t of using each article, but to the far-sighted hostess they will serve but as suggestions of the countless effects which may be obtained. The materials which may be used for such work are the cheapest of their kind, as, for in- stance, cheesecloth, crépe paper, paper muslin, buck- ram, cotton batting, mos- quito netting, and card- board. These may all be utilized for different effects, and at different times of the year. A half-dozen toys, out- grown or forgotten by the children, or selected, at five cents each, from a counter of damaged goods after the holiday season, may be repaired and _ freshened with glue and paint, and made to take the place of more costly favors at each plate. Often one of these toys is sO appropriate for a certain guest that it is scarcely nec- essary to point out the fitness. An automobile that has been discarded for a locomotive may bear a small basket of almonds before the motor enthusiast; the chafing dish, which the little girl has perhaps forgotten in the joys of Doll coachman and Bunny steed a new gas stove, belongs, according to tradition, to the college girl; and the last cup and saucer of a toy tea set may be used, as a warning against spinsterhood, at the plate of an unquestionably popular girl. Toy carts of all sizes, from a three-inch tin affair to a large express wagon, can be used as often as one finds a superfluous number about the house. The wheels and shafts may be wreathed with flowers, and the body filled with them, unless the load to be carried must have direct AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The chums and their bugler brother 133 bearing upon the scheme of the entertainment, as, for in- stance, a cart full of Easter eggs to be distributed at an Easter Flowers from summer hats may be used for such dec- - orating, or one may buy in- expensive artificial flowers at the ten-cent stores, or make paper ones. Baskets, such as the one carried by the chums, will supply the whole basis for a table decoration, and the fresh, unpainted willow will be found very cool and attractive for a _ spring luncheon. 5 o i>) ae, =f gQ fo) Es lo) ©) S 2) coe <<) t DM oO fat a WwW oF ped) wn fo) hs late years led to pleasing results in the reproduction of the best types of Oriental gardens. Less than a decade ago an authority on landscape garden- ing lamented the fact that Americans are slow in appreciating the true art of gardening in re- law Gl} vi ” $) gard to the idea of fitness and harmony in details, as evi-. denced by Japanese landscape artists; and the statement was then made, that while there have been a few attempts. at copying Japanese methods, there is not a genuine Japa- nese garden, constructed-upon true Oriental principles, to be found upon any of our noted American country-seats. Now, all this has changed. Within the past few years many famous gardens have been constructed by competent Jap- anese craftsmen, who have given their entire lives to the study of the religious and symbolic, as well as the pictur- esque features of landscape gardening, and who have car- ried out with painstaking care upon Occidental acres the artistic details that have made Oriental gardens of world- wide fame. ; The study of Japanese manners and customs, of home decorations and gardening features, first became of promi- nent interest in this country in connection with the early world’s fair. The Chicago fair of-1893 presented one of its most charming features in the form of a complete Japanese village, con- structed and ornamented with regard to all the tra- ditional details for which our Eastern neighbors are famous. Japanese villages then became the fad, not only for later ‘‘fairs,’’ but Japanese tea-rooms~ and Japanese gardens on an elaborate scale were built as side attractions at fa- mous summer resorts; and | an increasing interest in the quaint stone lanterns, the curiously dwarfed trees, the winding rock- bound waterways crossed by novel bridges, and all the significant details of garden accessories asso- ciated with traditional and legendary lore of the Jap- anese attracted the atten- tion of owners of splendid country-seats, who speedily demanded the services of Oriental landscape artists to thus decorate a portion of their extensive acres. In some instances, of late, Japanese gardens have been transplanted bodily from a summer resort (where they have flour- ished for a time and then Dwarf trees and water-worn rocks cover the little islands became unprofitable) to decorate a home-garden of an enthusiastic nature student, asin the case of the quaint and charming bit of old Japan now owned by Mr. Mat- thias Homer. In other instances, the owners of still more extensive acres have not only employed famous Japanese artists to lay out ideal gardens, but they have themselves become interested in importing the dwarfed and curiously stunted and gnarled old trees direct from the mother coun- try to decorate their unique gardens. Mr. Charles Pilling was one of the first to follow this fad, and the century- old pines, and many novel plants and trees measuring only -a foot or two in height and numbering their years by cen- turies, now decorate his Japanese garden nook imported by himself. Again, the owners of extensive country-seats have given all the details of importing the paraphernalia and the construction of their Oriental gardens to the care of the Japanese craftsmen who excel in this work, while taking an intense personal interest in all the details of their new possessions, growing from year to year, like the garden of Mr. Louis Burk, in which he has watched the tedious process of construction for three years or more with ever-increasing delight (though not taking any direct part in its construction) and who is now planning to greatly increase its area. There is a fourth class who own won- derful Japanese gardens, who look upon them simply as an additional attraction for decorating a portion of their ample areas, and after being assured that the garden build- ing is under the supervision of a practical Japanese artist, who will ‘do the thing up right,” they give no further concern to this than they do to the Italian gardens and other formal gardens that are appropri- ately placed on various se- cluded portions of their grounds. But no matter what the object that influ- enced the owner to include Japanese gardening in deco- rating his home grounds, the interest thus evidenced has grown until many are becoming familiar with the true art of gardening in Japan. There is still another class of enthusiasts upon this subject who have at- empted to build their own Oriental gardens, fashioned after those that they have studied on their travels in Japan, or by studying the models already established in this country; but in every instance it is noted that such gardens fail to be successful unless one under- stands the seemingly end- less details that govern true Oriental gardening. It is 138 AMERICAN safer if one would have it constructed on cor- rect lines, to give the building of even the tini- est Japanese garden into the care of a native craftsman. The American-Japanese gardens, which pre- sent interesting studies in various sections of the country to-day, almost invariably include numerous flowers with their manifold orna- mental accessories—the Japanese azaleas, the dwarfed plum trees and many novel water plants being the prime favorites; but travelers in Japan frequently note the fact that the na- tive gardens are not necessarily flower gardens, neither are they always made for the purpose of cultivating plants. In nine cases out of ten there is nothing in the smaller plots to resemble a flower-bed. Some gardens may contain merely a sprig of green; some (although these are exceptional) have nothing green at all, and consist entirely of rocks, pebbles and sand. Neither does the Japanese garden require any fixed allowance of space; it may cover one or many acres; it may be only ten feet square; it may, in extreme cases, be much less, and be con- tained in a curiously shaped, shallow, carved box set on a veranda, in which are created tiny hills, microscopic ponds and _ rivulets spanned by tiny humped bridges, while queer, wee plants represent trees, and _ curiously formed pebbles stand for rocks. But on what- ever scale, all true Japanese gardening is land- scape gardening; that is, it is a living model of an actual Japanese landscape. It is an exceptional privilege to study at first- hand the significance of all the details that go to make up the true Japanese gardens, which have now become the fad in this country. I have been informed by an excellent authority on the subject that “through long accumulation of traditional methods, the representation of natural features in a garden model has come to be a highly conventional expression, like all Japanese art; and the Japanese garden bears somewhat the same relation to an actual land- scape that a painting of a view of Fuji-yama by the wonderful Hokusai does to the actual scene—it is a representation based upon actual and natural forms, but so modified to accord with accepted canons of Japanese art, so full of mysterious symbolism only to be understood by the initiated, so expressed, in a word, in terms of the national artistic conventions, that it costs the Western mind long study to learn to appre- ciate its full beauty and significance. ‘Suppose, to take a specific example, that in the actual landscape upon which the Japanese gardener chose to model his design, a pine tree grew upon the side of a hill. Upon the side of a corresponding artificial hill in his garden he would, therefore, plant a pine, but he would not clip and trim its branches to imitate the shape of the original, but, rather, satisfied that by so placing it he had gone far enough toward the imitation of Nature, he would clip his gar- den pine to make it correspond as closely as circumstances might permit, with a conventional ideal pine tree shape, as though buffeted and gnarled by the fierce winds of centuries.” These native craftsmen will also assure the owners of the gardens they are constructing that there are ideal shapes not only for the HOMES AND GARDENS Wooden lantern and Japanese maples 2 PETA A favorite type of stone bridge April, 1911 A room, la) April, 1911 k in a secluded spot AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 139 Guards at the entrance pines, but also for the mountains, lakes, water- falls, stones, and numerous other accessories; and it is of the utmost importance that the gar- dener should take cognizance of a multitude of religious and ethical conventions in working out his design. They call attention to the fact that the streams must follow certain cardinal directions, that the nine spirits of the Buddhist pantheon must be symbolized in the number and disposition of the principal rocks. That the trees and stones must be carefully studied as to their relations to each other and to the general garden scheme, and only such combinations made as are regarded as “‘fortunate.’’ And woe to the unhappy gardener who does not care- fully study their symbolic relations and who carelessly introduces what is considered an un- lucky combination. So conscientious are the Oriental garden builders that they give the same care in regard to symbolic details to their “foreign” land- scape construction on American country-seats, as in their native country. No matter what the size, form or finish—whether it is large or small, mountainous or flat, rough or elaborate —the true landscape garden must be made to contain, in some form, rocks and water and vegetation, in connection with various architec- tural accessories in the form of indispensable lanterns, bridges and stepping-stones, while, in the more elaborate gardens are introduced pa- godas, water-basins, tea-houses, boundary fences, or hedges of bamboo, and fancifully roofed gateways. The careful distribution of garden vegeta- tion is considered quite as important as the ar- rangement of the principal rocks and stones and the contours of land and water. The East- ern travelers who have taken cognizance only of the grounds of the larger temples of Japan will probably fail to realize the significance of tree grouping in regulation landscape garden- ing. In the temple gardens, groves and ave- nues of trees are frequently planted in rows, with the same formality adopted in Western gardens, while in the true landscape gardens such formal arrangements are never resorted to. Not only are the trees arranged in open and irregular groups instead of being planted in rows—when several are planted together—but the rules for planting these clumps or groups are rigidly determined. ‘To the uninitiated it is difficult to understand just why these tree clumps must’ be disposed in double, triple or quadruple combinations, while these combina- tions may be again regrouped according to recognized rules based upon contrasts of form, line and color of foliage; but all these rules are understood and most carefully adhered to by the student of Japanese garden craft. And it is found on comparing the grouping of tiny dwarfed trees of miniature gardens with the arrangement in larger spaces, that the same rules have been followed. The disposition and the use of the various architectural accessories of the garden is also formally regulated, and the variety in garden building is found mainly in the form of these accessories, as the pagodas, lanterns, water- basins, wells and bridges are fashioned in many curious and beautiful designs, while the enclo- Le ~ 138 AMERICAN safer if one would have it constructed on cor- rect lines, to give the building of even the tini- est Japanese garden into the care of a native craftsman. The American-Japanese gardens, which pre- sent interesting studies in various sections of the country to-day, almost invariably include numerous flowers with their manifold orna- mental accessories—the Japanese azaleas, the dwarfed plum trees and many novel water plants being the prime favorites; but travelers in Japan frequently note the fact that the na- tive gardens are not necessarily flower gardens, neither are they always made for the purpose of cultivating plants. In nine cases out of ten there is nothing in the smaller plots to resemble a flower-bed. Some gardens may contain merely a sprig of green; some (although these are exceptional) have nothing green at all, and consist entirely of rocks, pebbles and sand. Neither does the Japanese garden require any fixed allowance of space; it may cover one or many acres; it may be only ten feet square; it may, in extreme cases, be much less, and be con- tained in a curiously shaped, shallow, carved box set on a veranda, in which are created tiny hills, microscopic ponds and rivulets spanned by tiny humped bridges, while queer, wee plants represent trees, and curiously formed pebbles stand for rocks. But on what- ever scale, all true Japanese gardening is land- scape gardening; that is, it is a living model of an actual Japanese landscape. It is an exceptional privilege to study at first- hand the significance of all the details that go to make up the true Japanese gardens, which have now become the fad in this country. I have been informed by an excellent authority on the subject that “through long accumulation of traditional methods, the representation of natural features in a garden model has come to be a highly conventional expression, like all Japanese art; and the Japanese garden bears somewhat the same relation to an actual land- scape that a painting of a view of Fuji-yama by the wonderful Hokusai does to the actual scene—it is a representation based upon actual and natural forms, but so modified to accord with accepted canons of Japanese art, so full of mysterious symbolism only to be understood by the initiated, so expressed, in a word, in terms of the national artistic conventions, that it costs the Western mind long study to learn to appre- ciate its full beauty and significance. “Suppose, to take a specific example, that in the actual landscape upon which the Japanese gardener chose to model his design, a pine tree grew upon the side of a hill. Upon the side of a corresponding artificial hill in his garden he would, therefore, plant a pine, but he would not clip and trim its branches to imitate the shape of the original, but, rather, satisfied that by so placing it he had gone far enough toward the imitation of Nature, he would clip his gar- den pine to make it correspond as closely as circumstances might permit, with a conventional ideal pine tree shape, as though buffeted and gnarled by the fierce winds of centuries.” These native craftsmen will also assure the owners of the gardens they are constructing that there are ideal shapes not only for the HOMES AND GARDENS A favorite type of stone bridge April, 1911 April, 1911 An exquisite bit of Work in a secluded spot AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 139 Guards at the entrance pines, but also for the mountains, lakes, water- falls, stones, and numerous other accessorie and it is of the utmost importance that the gar- dener should take cognizance of a multitude of religious and ethical conyentions in worki out his design. They call attention to the fact that the streams must follow certain cardinal directions, that the nine spirits of the Buddhist pantheon must be symbolized in the number and disposition of the principal rocks. That the trees and stones must be carefully studied as to their relations to each other and to the general garden scheme, and only such combinations made as are regarded as ‘‘fortunate.”’ And woe to the unhappy gardener who does not care- fully study their symbolic relations and who carelessly introduces what is considered an un- lucky combination. So conscientious are the Oriental garden builders that they give the same care in regard to symbolic details to their “foreign” land- scape construction on American country-seats as in their native country. No matter what the size, form or finish—whether it is larg small, mountainous or flat, rough or elaborate —the true landscape garden must be made to contain, in some form, rocks and water and vegetation, in connection with various architec tural accessories in the form of indispensable lanterns, bridges and stepping-stones, while, in the more elaborate gardens are introduced pa- godas, wwater-basins, tea-houses, boundary fences, or hedges of bamboo, and fancifully roofed gateways. The careful ribution of garden vegeta- tion is considered quite as important as the ar- rangement of the principal rocks and stones and the contours of land and water. The East- ern travelers who have taken cognizance only of the grounds of the larger temples of Japan will probably fail to realize the significance of tree grouping in regulation landscape garden- ing. In the temple gardens, groves and ave- nues of trees are frequently planted in rows, with the same formality adopted in Western gardens, while in the true landscape gardens such formal arrangements are never resorted to. Not only are the trees arranged in open and irregular groups instead of being planted in rows—when several are planted together—but the rules for planting these clumps or groups are rigidly determined. ‘To the uninitiated it is difficult to understand just why these tree clumps must be disposed in double, triple or quadruple combinations, while these combina- tions may be again regrouped according to recognized rules based upon contrasts of form, line and color of foliage; but all these rules are understood and most carefully adhered to by the student of Japanese garden craft. And it is found on comparing the grouping of tiny dwarfed trees of miniature gardens with the arrangement in larger spaces, that the same rules have been followed. The disposition and the use of the various architectural accessories of the garden is also formally regulated, and the variety in garden building is found mainly in the form of these accessories, as the pagodas, lanterns, water- basins, wells and bridges are fashioned in many curious and beautiful designs, while the enclo- ge or 140 An ancient AMERICAN ~HOMES AND “GARIDEING knotted pine tree An antique Japanese lantern April, 1911 sures on the form of unique fencing of reeds, bamboo and twigs present many pleasing forms and combinations. The famous Japanese landscape gardens that have been established on American country-seats have been sufficiently large to give a fairly good idea of Oriental landscape gar- dening on an extensive scale, and yet there is no reason why the owners of city homes with small backyards enclosed by ugly, high board-fences should not have them transformed by a bit of Japanese magic. Professor Morse tells, in his talks on the Japanese, of how they utilize the smallest areas of ground for garden effects. “I recall an example,” he says, ‘of a cheap inn, where I was forced to take a meal or go hungry until late at night. The immediate surroundings indicated poverty, the house itself being poorly furnished, the mats hard and uneven, and the attendants very cheaply dressed. Inthe room where our meal was served there was a circular window through which could be seen a curious stone lantern and a pine tree, the branches of which stretched across the opening, while beyond, a fine view of some high mountains was to be had. From where we sat on the mats there were all the evidences of a fine garden out- side; and wondering how so poor a house could sustain so fine a garden, I went to the window to investigate. What was my surprise to find that the extent of ground from which the lantern and pine tree sprung was Just three feet in width! Then came a low, board-fence, and beyond this stretched the rice-fields of a neighboring farmer. At home such a strip of land would, in all likelihood, have been the receptacle for broken glass and tin-cans and a thoroughfare for erratic cats; here, however, everything was clean and neat—and this narrow plot of ground, good for no other purpose, had been utilized solely for the benefit of the room within.” There is no reason why the smallest of these backyard gardens should lack any of thé indispensable accessories, for all may be reproduced on a miniature scale. In fact, a great AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I4I majority of city homes in Japan have very little more scope for their gardening than that contained in the brick-paved or cemented space back of the average city homes of America; and yet travelers in Japan, who have had access to private dwelling-places in the cities, as well as to the public inns, tell of wonderful ‘‘toy-gardens” in which nothing is lacking in Oriental completeness—there is a little artificial lake of pellucid brightness, a little artificial waterfall fit fer a naiad’s fountain, both fed by a little sandy-bottomed brook or conduit of clear, spring water; a cluster of little islands (one of them, perhaps, shaped like a tortoise) affording opportunities for impossible quaint little stone bridges, circle-backed, horseshoe-backed, or flat slabs of pretentious size, and every member of the cluster with its little stone pagoda, its quaint daimio-lantern, its toy shrine, or the fan- tastic bits of rock for which the Japanese pay such extrava- gant prices. On the artificial promontories will stand maples—plain maples, copper maples, pink maples, variegated maples—all within the fine splintery-leaf of the Japanese maples, trained into whimsical shapes, though not so whimsical as the fir trees (matsuji) which rival the box-hedge peacocks and other armorial bearings in old English baronial gardens. In the garden of the ‘Golden Pavilion” (Kinkakuji) at Kyoto, there is a fir tree tortured into the similitude of a junk in full sail; and every tiny garden will display some strikingly unique form of twisted and stunted pine tree. Where the stream runs into a little lake, there will be a bed of stately purple iris, and built out into it on piles, or span- ning a narrow arm as a covered bridge, a wistaria arbor, with long, purple blooms reaching down to the water in the springtime. The wild wistaria, which grows profusely in Japan, is one of the favorite garden flowers, and it is one that should figure prominently in the city gardens of this country, one that would give constant delight. Symbolical rocks are as important as lanterns in the Japanese garden 142 GME HE decoration of pottery by means of col- = : = hess ored clays is capable of so much variety and yields such easy harmonies in color as to immediately commend itself to the worker in the studio. From time to time new methods of application have been found, the faience of Haviland, Rock- wood pottery, Moorcroft’s Florian and the charming crea- tions in pate-sur-pate by Solon and others, which have been hailed as something new, but the prototype of them all is the old slip painting of the Romans and of the medieval English potter. The condition of the clay piece to be decorated is most important. It should be just hard enough to enable you to handle it carefully without putting it out of shape. If used any harder than this the colored slips used in its decoration will peel off in the firing. It is essential to suc- cess to keep it in this condition until completely finished. This may be done by wrapping in damp cloths when not in use, or better by keeping it in a ‘“‘damp box.” ‘This can easily be constructed with very little trouble or expense by taking a box, driving in on both bottom and sides small nails or tinned tacks, leaving the heads projecting. Cover both bottom and sides with plaster of Paris, from one to one and a half inches thick accord- ing to size of box, for which the projecting nails form an anchor- age. Treat the cover in the same way and as soon as the plaster is set your box is ready for use and needs only an occasional sprink- ling with water to keep the plas- ter moist. The colored slips are prepared by mixing certain proportions of metallic oxides or underglaze colors with white clay, and must shrink during the firing in equal ratio with the body. The first requisite is a white base, which can be compounded as follows: BatleG@layes omen oe 33) parts GhinamClay (22. 22 281% parts ality th or eat 14 parts Cornish Stone’ --.-- 194 parts Beldspar .:. fas 5 pats 100 parts This will mature at cone 1, as low a heat as is desirable to use to insure the ware holding water. When this has been prepared and lawned, dry it out on plaster bats AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HANDICRAF TSMAN Conducted by A. Russell Bond Home-Made Pottery—Il] By W. P. Jervis Illustrations by E. M. Harlow Suggestion for a flower pot, tobacco jar, and a candlestick or in molds, so that it can be accurately weighed. Before trying to decorate any pieces it is best to make trials of the colors you intend using, so that the effect of both the glaze and the firing on them may be accurately judged. In preparing colored slips, first grind the colorant in a stone mortar and add it in the proportions given to the white clay, and stir thoroughly so as to obtain an intimate mix. Pass through a 120 mesh lawn and any residue re- maining on the lawn must be again ground in the mortar so that the whole will pass through the lawn. Leave it to settle, until after pouring off the water you have a slip of about the consistency of cream, and it is then ready for use. Coloring matter is added in the following proportions: 1. Dark blue ...15 parts white clay, 1 part oxide of cobalt 2. Peacock blue ..25 parts white clay, 1 part oxide of cobalt 3. Light blue ...35 parts white clay, 1 part oxide of cobalt The cobalt cannot be too finely ground, as otherwise it will show in flecks of darker color, occasionally not an objection for grounds. The only remedy is to grind and lawn again. These three blues can all be improved by slightly reducing the quantity of cobalt and about doubling the difference with underglaze peacock and mat blue, ac- cording to tint required. No. 1, for instance, is considerably improved by adding green and mat blue as follows: 4. Dark blue, 25 parts white, 1% parts oxide of cobalt, ™% part French green, % part mat blue. Greens can be formed from either oxide of copper vor chrome: 5. Chrome green, 7%4 parts white clay, I part oxide of chrome. 6. Blue green, 8 parts white clay, 34 part oxide’ of chremeye part oxide of cobalt. 7. Pearl green, 20 parts white clay, ™% part oxide of chrome, l4 part peacock blue, 4 part mat blue. 8. Copper green, 20 parts white clay, 1%4 part oxide of copper. Oxide of chrome cannot be mixed with brown, yellow or or- ange, and any attempt to do so will result in failure. The brush, also, must be Kept perfectly clean. g. Black, 15 parts white clay, 1 part underglaze black. April, 1911 10. Chocolate brown, 10 parts white clay, 34 part under- glaze golden brown, % part part underglaze black. 11. Red brown, 10 parts white clay, 1 part underglaze golden brown. Hancock’s Worcester black is the safest to use. 12. Fawn, 20 parts white clay, 4 part black oxide of mangan- ese. Darker tints by increasing the manganese. This palette is sufficiently large for general purposes, and is cap- able of considerable extension. These slips will agree in shrink- age with the red clay previously mentioned, but as these red clays vary considerably it would, per- haps, be best to make the ware itself of the same white clay as the slips are formed from. For your trials of color make a tile about eight inches long on which paint strokes of all your colors, numbering them to corre- spond with the formula for the same. At the same time it will give an added interest if you make a few small pieces, either square tiles or vases, of very simple design not more ornate than those suggested here. AQ little trouble taken now will save a good deal of time later on. The slips for painting should be soft enough to be easily worked on the palette with the brush. Use flat sable brushes for the larger spaces, and pointed ones for lines or small spaces. With the end of the brush lift up from the palette as much color as you can, apply it to the desired spot and smooth it down with the tip, not the side, of the brush. If the result is not sufficiently thick allow it to set and then apply a second coat. The color should be distinctly raised from the sur- face. [he brush soon clogs with color and must be fre- quently rinsed out in water. One color can be superim- posed on another, light on dark or dark on light, and will kill, not mix with, the color beneath. A light color on a dark one is a good test as to whether you have attained the desired strength, and only after the glaze is fired’ can you be sure of this. We re- peat that the great desid- eratum in this slip painting is that the color must be thick enough to form a clay body of itself and be evenly applied, whether in one mass or in a number of successive coats. If you desire to cover first the whole piece with a ground, this can be done in several ways. The best and quickest is by dipping. A sufficient quantity of the desired color must be pre- pared so that the whole piece can be immersed in it. To do this successfully is rather a delicate operation, but with a little practice can soon be successfully accomplished. The manner of hand- ling depends much on the shape. If by putting one hand in- side and spreading out the fingers you can easily lift it up and down, it is a simple matter to immerse it in the colored slip. Let the immersion and withdrawal be done AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Designs of pottery made at home Some simple designs for jars and vases 143 as quickly as possible, being careful not to allow any of the slip to get inside the piece, for it may cause the piece to collapse. Have ready a plaster bat on which to place it and leave it there until it hardens so that by touch- ing it you do not disturb the color. If it happens that the slip has not quite reached the top it is practical to take the plaster bat in one hand, reverse it, and dip the top in the slip, as the color will give suf- ficient adhesion to allow the piece to be inserted. But this can only be done when the bat is small enough to be held in the outstretched fingers. Wide-mouthed pieces re- quire the use of both hands, two fingers of each hand being placed directly inside, while a little pres- sure can be brought to bear against the resisting slip by the thumbs and little fingers resting on the edge. Practice holding the piece until you feel you can safely lift it up and down before dipping in the slip. You can obtain very nice streaks or runnings of other colors by placing on the ground slip small quantities of other colors, which should be floated on so as to rest on the top; on withdrawal these colors will attach themselves to the piece. Always be sure the slip is well stirred or the edge of the piece will be thin. A ground can also be put on with a brush or small sponge, the latter giving a granulated surface, often very effective. In both cases care must be taken to have a good body of color all over. ‘There is another way in which a ground can be applied as follows: Before casting the ware fill the mold with a colored slip, allow it to remain there until there is about one-sixteenth of an inch adhering to the sides of the mold, empty it out and so soon as it is a little dry complete the casting with ordinary clay. The objec- tion to this is that unless the mold is very perfectly made, the piece may very easily be marred while being trimmed. From the simple experiments and trials here indicated the way has been paved for more important work. We urge the adoption of a conventional rather than a natural style of decoration. You may attain distinction in the one, it is not possible in the other, for pottery is not a material to paint on, whilst it is pre-eminently suitable for decoration. One more word: Try to make shapes for a purpose. If for flowers they should suggest almost at sight the particu- lar class for which they are intended. Jugs should be wide enough to allow of easy cleaning, should pour well, and the handle must be so placed as to balance perfectly; candlesticks firm at the base, the nozzle the proper size and _ large enough to catch the running wax; tobacco jars wide enough to allow the pipe to be easily filled, and so on. The useless vase of our grand- mothers is no longer tolerated. To-day we demand articles of utility which shall also satisfy our aesthetic feelings. The illustration shows how well these slip-painted pieces adapt themselves to the surroundings of an ordinary room. 144 GOI chronology of the Burbank creations * and ameliorations has never been pub- lished. In presenting this, the reader should be informed that these survivors of their producer’s rigid exactions have received during their history two and sometimes three names. At first they were merely numbered, separated from their companions by an epithet, or nicknamed for field reference. Then, when proven, they were given in the bulletins less domestic and unscientific designation; as at christening in the Ro- man Catholic communion a saint’s name is given to the child. Finally, when turned over to the nurseryman for distribution, he gives them in his catalogue more high sounding and generally more assuring titles, for which the originator is mistakenly held responsible by the public. For instance, that latest-appearing culture—now in controversy —the cross of the African stubble-berry (Solanum — gut- neuse) with the Pacific coast (S. villosum) was called the “Sunberry” when it was gradu- ated the experiment grounds. It came to the public as the ‘‘Wonder- beriya. The registry begins in 1873, when Mr. Burbank, then 24, answered the demand for a po- tato which should yield 200 bushels to the acre, with the famous seedling from the “Early Rose’’ (itself from seed of a garnet Chile plant) which at -once gave a yield of 4355 bushels, and has since produced 525 bushels. With its pro- ceeds, $125, Mr. Burbank ar- rived in Santa Rosa, Califor- nia, in October, 1875. Five years of severe ordeal, poverty, starvation, discouragement well-nigh fatal awaited him. At last he was able to buy four acres of the soil for which he had crossed the continent. His own words are: “In 1880 I began paying especial attention to the Rubus family. I had in my collection of blackberries and rasp- berries nearly all the popular varieties. In 1883 I began crossing. In 1884 I had about 60 hybrids, the first ever produced. The next season more extensive trials were made with many new subjects.” (He now possessed 10 acres, home land.) ‘‘From hybrid seeds of the third gen- from advertised AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Luther Burbank’s Wonderful Work in Horticulture By Charles J. Woodbury Luther Burbank Branch of sunberry plant eration, I obtained black, red and yellow raspberries, white, black, red and pink blackberries, in every possible combina- tion of sizes, colors, qualities and flavors. Many were totally barren, some with long trailing vines, some stiff and upright as a currant bush; some thorny, others as free from thorns as currants; still others producing leaves, flowers and fruit perpetually. Then there were others growing into canes 3 to 4 inches in circumference, others 20 feet long on the ground or straight 10 feet high. But from all these were presented more radical improvements in blackberries and raspberries than had been obtained for eignteen centuries.” The list of the main species incorporated to establish these hybrids is too long to print. The photographs of the leaves of different individuals show remarkable variations and eccentricity, a few offering but a single leaf, or leaves, as reticulate as ferns; many profuse and palmate. The results in their entirety made the scientific botanists’ barriers between species and varieties, to use the audacious horticul- turists’ word, “wobble.” witnessed the 1884 an- nouncement of the “Japanese Golden Mayberry” and the “Primus.” ©The distinction of the former was that it led far in advance the berry season, the earliest raspberry known, ripe while yet the standards were well-nigh dormant. It was a blend of the Cuthbert with a diminutive variety of Rubus palmatus, characterized by Mr. Burbank as “‘one of the most worthless, tasteless, dingy, yel- low berries I have ever seen.” The new fruit is large, sweet, glossy, semi-translucent, grow- ing on bushes resembling trees, six to eight feet high) ihe Primus is now grown exten- sively in semi-tropical climates, thriving especially in the Philip- pines. It ripens a month be- fore either of its parents, the wild dewberry (Rubus ursinus ) and the Siberian (X Rubus _cratoegifolius). It produces a large and perfectly black fruit in abundance, a distinct new. race of the garden berry. The seedlings of this pioneer have taken their places as standards in various localities. In 1886 the experiments had become more extensive. He was crossing the Satsuma and other Japanese plums with the Eastern, European and California, Nevada and April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 145 d “Satsuma ‘Botan,” “Chabot,” “Long Fruit,” ‘“Maru,” and six other varieties under numbers as received from his collectors. The last four of these were named by P. J. Berck- mans, of Augusta, Ga., president of the Amer- ican. Pomological Society. Prof. L. H. Bailey named: the “Berckman,” ‘‘Humi,” ‘‘Blood,”’ “Willard.” 1891 also saw the delivery to fruitgrowers of the ‘Phenomenal’ berry, which has since made half-acres more profit- able than farms. In the exhibition of the California Floral Society, 1892, the prominent feature was Bur- bank’s new Gladiolus, the ‘‘California,” a large double flower with a solid cone of blos- som, 51% inches expanse of petals clustered on stiff, compact low-growing stems, flowering so profusely as to hide the stem on all sides. Compared with the thinly scattered blossoms A new flowering allium on but one side of the weak-stemmed ordinary flower, it looked like a new race. It came Oregon natives, many of which in size and clustering growth from the common Gardanensis type as a basis with bulbs are grapes, rather than plums. ‘Some of them are of very from South Africa; and is so vital that even in the scorch- little value,’ remarked Mr. Burbank, “having an unpleas- ing sun and wind of inland California, the last flower to antly bitter taste, reminding one of the eastern meee cranberry.” Ihe famous walnut hybrids are now under culture. But, important as these successes were, they were only in a way by-products. Mr. Bur- bank’s main business had been to entrench and establish himself. To this end, he had built up the largest and best-stocked nursery west of the Mississippi. For years he had resumed the habit begun as a boy on his fragment of soil at his home in Lunenberg, Mass., of tak- ing the premiums at the State and county fairs; and his reputation for integrity and lib- erality in dealing was fully substantiated. In 1888 he sold one-half of his nursery (which was yielding a clear profit of $10,000 per an- num) for $13,000, and focused on his life work the far less promising venture of plant- breeding. He purchased the large experiment grounds at Sebastopol. The ennobling of the plum, stands perhaps foremost in Mr. Burbank’s work; and the Gigantic platystemon, native cream cup of California, greatly improved year (1890-1891) developed the first } twelve of the new varieties which were to distinguish it. bloom on the stalk finds the first unwithered. The same They were the “Burbank,” so named by Prof. H. E. Vande- year “Hale,” and “Abundance,” the latter so named from man, of the United States Department of Agriculture; its ropes of fruit and afterward renamed “Alhambra,” ; and the first perfect freestone of Japanese blood were added to the list of plums. In June, 1893, was published the now historic “New Creations.” The stir this pamphlet made was immediate and far reaching. Its bold claim that the new fruits and flowers it described would inevitably displace present standards, the extensive biological knowledge it displayed, its high scientific character and the grace and dignity of its style, ushered it into an appreciation quite outside of the at- tention usually accorded to the presentations of plant growers. It was sought by students of plant science; received the indorsement of the authorities; was adopted as a class book in universities of this country and abroad. Its singular illustrations from actual photographs were convincing of its statement that “‘the life forces of plants may be combined and guided to produce results not hitherto imagined,” and that ‘we are now standing at the gateway of Burbank’s new rosy-crimson chives, showing astonishing blooming qualities scientific horticulture.” Among the new 146 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS fruits it presented, now prominent, were tier bertection /(the present popular “Wickson”), ‘“‘Dela- Wate, Oohipper, “Gold,” with as many more hybrid and cross-bred plums; the “Eureka,” “Dictator,” Paradox, ~ October Giant,’ “Autumn King,” with other ber- ries and crosses; the peach x almond, x Japan plum, x Chick- asaw, x apricot; the almond x same, pyrus japonica x quince; quince x crabapple; Chi- nese quince x apple and others. Then there were shown seedlings of the new ‘““Seckel Pear’; five new quinces, including the famous “Childs” and Van Deman; new potatoes, one of them the peculiar “Aerial”; the begonia-leaved squash and the cross-bred tomatoes. ‘The dozen new roses and as many ‘“Silver-Lining” poppy, a new myrtle; hybrid clematis; hybrid nicotianas, and a new family which the author names ‘“‘Nico- tunia,”’ a union of large flower- ing nicotianas with petunias; new ampelopsis veitchi; wax myrtle; seedling tigridias; new cannas, arums, amaryllis, bro- dias, aquilegias, asters, etc. The frontispiece is a_photo- graph of leaves from the new walnuts, Juglans Californica x J Regia and Juglans nigra x Californica. A magnificent row of the first lines the roadway in front of the Bur- bank home gardens. ‘The trees are twice the size of the ordi- nary walnut at double their years. fast as the combined growths of both parents. produces _ prolifically nuts three times the bulk of the ordinary American or Cali- fornia varieties. With these is an- nounced the Japan Mammoth Chest- nuts, since named the “Hall.” 1894, second edi- tion of ‘New Crea- tions.” Announce- ment of the cross- bred Japan plum “Prolific,” finest of the first crosses. Ap- pear, also the cross- bred white _ black- berry “Iceberg,” the blackberry-raspberry Feijoa sellowiana A new loquat Japan plum; apricot x the Stoneless prunes Wickson and Satsuma) and the third and the fourth editions of ‘‘New Creations.” 1900, Mr. Burbank’s substi- tute for the French prune, the “Sugar” prune as given to flower lists include half a more callas and lilies; the View of the home ground in Santa Rosa They grow twice as The latter Native California golden-leafed chestnut April, 1911 hybrids, ‘‘Humboldt,” and ‘‘Paradox,”’ a new race of clematis; new callas;‘‘Snowdrift’’and ‘Fragrance,’ Ostrich Plume, Waverly, Double Jackmaurie and Sanguinosa types, seedlings of Pyrus Japonica, and the new rose, ‘‘Peachblow.”’ 1895, a group of hybrid lilies and the “Burbank” and ‘‘Tar- rytown” cannas are announced; also the “Apple,” “America,” “Chaleo,” “Bartlett,” “Shiro” and “October Purple’ plums, the last a cross of Satsuma and a Japanese seedling, the “‘Giant”’ prune and three new chestnut seedlings, “Coe,” ‘“‘McBar- land,” and “Hale,” offspring of the Japan Mammoth. No more _ introductions were made until 1898-1899, when appeared the “Climax” and “Sultan” (cross mon plums, the pineapple quince the market. Since known as “Splendor,” the original name is derived from the proportion of sugar in the fruit, 240pen cent.; the French variety car- rying 181%. It has displaced the French variety, which had been the only reliance of fruit growers. Appear also this year the new winter apple Graven- stein type; other hybrid plums; the “Oriental” poppy, hybrid tigridias and clematis, and a new canna of the Crazy type. 1901, fifth edition of ‘““New Creations” and a supplement are issued. Announcements are made of the ‘First’ and “Combination” plums (this is a cross of 8 varieties). 1902, publication of “Fundamental Principles of Plant Breeding.” 1904, introductions of plums, a rhubarb and three strains of the Shasta daisy. 1905 was a year of flower novelties. 1906, 1907, ap- pear four new plums, and a union of plum and apricot. He has since at- tained many new cul- tures, the latest an evening — primrose, all a credit to his horticultural skill and perseverance. ‘9 - April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS abies A Novel Ram-Water Collector By A. Gradenwitz W348, WING to the increasing adoption of water = works, the rain-water collectors, which were once so much in favor, have been somewhat neglected. Still, such devices could do far better service than might be supposed at first sight. Especially in the open country, and even in small townships where water works do not pay, they would enable anybody to secure his own drinking and washing water for consump- tion. It 1s a well-known fact that rain-water is of absolute purity and far softer than any other water. On account of not being in contact with the ground it is practically free from microbes and accordingly most recommendable from a hygienic point of view. If in spite of these obvious ad- vantages, its use now is generally discarded, it is mainly due to the impurities which attach to the collector, and thus indirectly introduced into water of so excellent a quality. In fact, on dripping from the roof, the water is bound to become mixed with dust and all kinds of animal and vegetable waste matter, so that the liquid at first col- lected not only is unsuitable for use, but infects the after rainfall. A French inventor, Mr. G. H. Munier, at Ciboure, has designed a rain-water collector, which supplies an excellent drinking and wash- ing water without any de- cantation, filtering or chem- ical cleaning. The apparatus, as shown in the diagram, comprises two vessels, viz., the drink- ing water vessel A and the impure-water vessel B, above which is arranged a trough C tilting round the pivot T. At the end D of the trough the rod of a float F is fixed, dipping into‘the vessel B. As the rain-water coming from the eaves H flows down the trough C, it at first enters the vessel B, which is still empty, so that the float rests on its bottom. As this vessel Position of the pipes before the rain then is gradually filled, the float, and along with it the trough C, will rise continually, until the trough is tilted round the central pivot so as to point towards the drinking water vessel A. All the subsequent precipitation then flows into this vessel, and as the roof has been washed clean in the meantime, it can be used immediately for drinking or for washing ‘purposes. As the water dropping from the roof could carry along foreign objects, the mouth of the trough C is closed by a piece of metal gauze. Moreover, before entering the clean water vessel, the water has to pass through some kind of funnel consisting of a box filled with gravel, and finally the whole tilting trough is covered with metal gauze. The apparatus should obviously be adjusted in accor- dance with the amount to be collected in the dirty or waste water vessel. The actual condition of the roof, and the kind and degree of its impurities should therefore be ac- counted for in each case. According to experiments | made by the inventor a min- imum of 4 liters (1.05 gal- lons) per square meter (10.76 square feet) is re- quired under the most favor- able, and 6-10 liters (1.6-2.6 gallons) under the most un- satisfactory circumstances. In order to account for any interruption in the rain-fall, which is liable to give rise to a renewed deposit of dirt, a cock discharging the water in drops is arranged at the bot- tom of the unclean water ves- sel, the rate of flow being so calculated that only the amount corresponding to the possible impurities flows out each day. A modified apparatus represented herewith comprises a funnel catching the water as it drops from the roof and directing it towards a dirty-water vessel with the float. As soon as enough water has flown out to wash off any impurities, the float will direct the lower opening of the funnel towards the clean-water vessel. p00 000. 0.0 0004 Position of the pipes during the rain 148 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 Showing the pipes before the rain FE a encenieerpreneeecene F A rain-water collector in the Pyrenees Another kind of rain-water collector April, 1911 ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 149 44 ORGS BONO BCS RRS At Sa oF RT tet it tt = — hes "hl RAE lc LE ce EE Oe Fig. 1—Simplicity is the keynote of the exterior design of this house A Concrete City by the Sea A Group of White Stucco Houses with Red Tiled Roof By John F. Springer S53 ONCRETE is by no means a new material. It was used by the ancient Romans. And there are examples of concrete construc- tion scattered about Europe which are undoubtedly quite old. But there are con- cretes and concretes. A modern concrete consists of three solid ingredients: Port- land cement, sand, and broken rock or an equivalent. It is hoped that this material is as durable as the more ancient article. And there is some warrant for this. It will be seen at once that indestructibility is a wonderfully attractive quality in a building material. When we combine with this reasonableness of first cost, we do not have to go much further, perhaps, to understand the present popularity of concrete. But this material does have other good qualities. It is easily molded to the forms desired; it permits rapidity of construction; it is vermin proof; it can be made Waterproof. But not every- thing that goes by the name of con- crete is deserving of the name. Let me explain. There is only one ingredient in concrete which has the power of binding the whole into a single mass. This is the Port- land cement. Now it so happens that this is the most ex- pensive one as well. It can readily be understood, then, Fig. 2—A home of bungalow construction that contractors and builders are liable to be tempted to reduce the proportionate amount used or to use an inferior quality, or to do both. As with everything else, the only way to get a fine concrete is to use the best materials and in the proper proportions. Use the best Portland cement and in proper amount. You have then solved a large part of your problem. Further, when the best Portland cement is used generously, you have taken the right steps to get a waterproof material. You can make an efficient material without using broken rock at all. A large part of its offiice—perhaps approxi- mately the whole—is this: Wherever you have a piece of stone, you do not have to have cement, and so the cost can be kept down. There is sometimes this advantage in leav- ing out the stone: The material, on account of its uniform consistency, can be disposed in very thin sheets. Perhaps one ought not to call such material concrete, as it is more properly a cement mortar. But popu- lar imagination may be counted on to callitico mc me te, nevertheless. Down by the shore of the ocean, at Long Beach, Long Island, there is being constructed what we may per- haps be excused for calling a concrete city, although much of the material used contains no. stone. Different con- tractors who are 150 doing pretty much all of the initial building, have set a minimum valuation pi) $7,000) On a house. Values go up, however, to $35,000, though on some parts of the property the mini- mum price of a house is $5,000. It will be seen from these facts that the concrete houses being constructed there do not belong to the cheap grade at all. The house must measure up to a certain minimum standard, or it is not permissible to build it. In order to insure a high grade construction, the land companies them- selves have undertaken a great deal of building and their houses may very well be considered as models of what con- crete construction may and should be. The location is a sandy one, and the houses are of incon- siderable height. “The foundation is secured by digging trenches in the sand to a sufficient depth and filling these Fig. ree rorc |||] LAVNDRY — So-re |, oie KITCHEN — is . one 10°0 «16°0 = y = e é 1@ == ss t Eo = \ PAHTRY \ Goto Livin Spor e H = = =§ GO *7Z0°0 t= i Ad PORCH "! i INTRANCE HALL WO10e 1M ores) e+ TO 4 Y 722°6-106 | e it DINING ROOM f 160+ 170 Fig. 4—First floor plan with concrete. ‘This is a simple and adequate procedure. Upon this foundation is reared the frame of the house. This consists of wood, to which is attached a covering of galvanized wire netting. Upon this surface the concrete, or rather the cement mortar, is spread. By this means it is possible to make the wall comparatively thin. The netting is sufficiently imbedded to enable it to get a good hold upon the ‘“‘stucco”’ of mortar. The roof is constructed of red vitrified tiling. The tinting of the exterior walls can be modified to suit one’s taste or the Piemesgiaele BST - roundings. We may look on these structures as one class of con- crete houses. Ce- ment construction in ‘one storm or. a number has un- doubtedly come to stay. It is well, then, to consider the architect ural and other disposi- tions of the ma- ee Oe iF eee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3—A simple treatment is appropriate Fig. 6—Built after the same plan as Fig. 5 April, 1911 terial as a problem by itself. In other words, a _ cement house is to be planned especially with a view to the material of con- struction rather than with the de- sign of fitting in with older ideas connected with stone, brick and wooden types of buildings. Use the material in the way which will give it a natural appearance, free from imitation of other building materials. Thus, consider Fig. 1. There is no attempt made in the treatment of the exterior surface to make it appear like something else. The house is a cement house. There is no attempt to hide the fact; and why should there be? The ceilings are high on the first floor, and there is much light and air. On the second floor the windows are particularly large. Li alg In Fig. 2 we have the bungalow construction. Gaba ves: 2 There are BED koon. [> = 1507+ 13:0 of Cates > 1 cole —F Ft = BED Room : FH 13'0° 116-0" ss 7 | | (es al FS on Verh cas tek HALL cups cLOS cLos JI cLes. | CLos BED ROOM BED ROOM BLD KOom J4j0215:0 146" 15:0 16'0"13°0" l LES | ES ae Fig. 5—Second floor plan eight rooms, besides bath and laundry. There are two par- tially inclosed porches at the front, to right and to left. A third porch, between these, but more to the rear, affords entrance to the house itself. One enters at once into a large living-room (17x26 feet.) The dining-rocm (15x23 1-2 feet) lies just back of the right-hand porch. In the.cor- responding position on the left is the principal bedroom. Back of it is the bath and three other bedrooms. Back of the dining-room are pantry, kitchen, laundry and servants’-room. The general plan resembles a letter H, the living-room being the cross- piece. The serv- ants’-room, which lies on the inside of the H, is opposite the last of the fam- ily bedrooms, but the wall of the serv- ants’-room is not pierced spam window. Its beauty of appearance may be judged from the picture. April, 1911 ANE RICAN TOMES AND GARDENS 151 Fig. 7—The red tile roof and the stucco walls mingle finely together A very attractive house is shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The is absolutely no trimming. ‘This house has about the same entrance onto the porch and the large opening to the right, amount of household space as that of the bungalow of e e e ENTRANCE if SER) HALL ‘iil 7 CHAMBER. Connie y Wppas- 017 See DINING, IZ € ROOM | RE PORCH ye pa TESS 1H H CHAMBER B| / SS | H 12591 16 6 e.. ® He PORCH ROOF Fig. 8—First floor plan Fig. 9—Second floor plan are good examples of the simplicity of treatment appro- Fig. 2. All the bedrooms are on the second floor. The priate to cement houses. It will be noticed that there partially inclosed porch on the first floor may be provided LS bbe pice tine € fp, Paelinen Fig. 1O—A house of quaint construction, with fine color contrasts AMERICAN 152 SSS rece Fig. 11—A house built on square lines with suitable glass protection to enable it to become a part of the living-room in winter, and is an idea worthy of imitation. That the same general plans upon the interior may be coupled ' ! DADXDADY, » sy Fig. 14—-A house of picturesque character with quite a difference in exterior appearance is shown by com- paring Figs. 3 and 6. ‘They are upon the same general plan within, and are charming seashore homes. It may be added that the upper piazza on the left, together iff “IE Us Ce UHUNILULLN ee Fig. 17—-A house of Spanish type HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 3 PORCH ll — LAUNDRY ll 1>-@x1ato" PANTRY pina Roan | PATE TH rivinis Roon | veRANpAH 16-0°x 7-4" 1440 31-0! —— BED ROOM nae ean GCS 14-0'x17-0! B‘o% 180” Fig. 12—First floor plan Fig. 13—Second floor plan with the adjoining bedrooms and bath, can be readily cut off from the rest of the second floor and would thus become serviceable for use as a nursery and children’s room. BED Roa 1440*15-0° CLOs Cos, BEv Koom 13+0°x 16-6" i! il we BE? ROOM 1240%14-0* LIVING Koon 2f-0% 22-6 BED ROOM 140% 23-0" . CcLOS Fig. 15—First floor plan Fig. 16—Second floor plan We have in Figs. 7, 8 and g a beautiful house. Here the red of the roof and the pale hue of the cement mingle finely together. The porch is very pretty and commodious. The living-room which it partly surrounds, receives light on still another side. = ke TO* 10-0" Pu a = Lat BED ROP |p Ga = Fig. 19—Second floor plan Fig. 18—First floor plan April, 1911 Hy | RARIAE Q OS Be CHAMBLR 19°6'X10'6" LIVING DINING Room coxrs|||| ROM 260°X0" ; 160X/40 CHAMBLR. 190% 156" Fig. 20—First floor plan Fig. 21—Second floor plan Upstairs, the three principal bedrooms are well situated both for light and for convenience of access to the bathroom. ‘The serv- ants’ room is well cut off, as may be seen by looking at the plan. HAMAD Vv EL: KM" 1&0%21-0° Fig. 23—First floor plan Fig. 24—-Second floor plan A house of quaint construction is that shown in Fig 10. Here the color contrasts among the roof, the walls and the window frames are strongly brought out. The uncovered porch is in keep- Al DINING Tx CHAMBER ITOK 4" a8 8 CHAMBER ITOUF l Fig. 26—First floor plan Fig. 27—Second floor plan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 153 mm mB oa ie ae seh GSP 85 Fig. 22—-A design of a true concrete house ing with the general design. ‘his house is not at all small, con- tains many rooms, and is a model cement structure. | We have in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 the square house provided with Fig. 25—-Cement is used with a restraining effect a wing. There are two entrances, it will be observed. On the second floor the three master bedrooms, bath and hall are, or may be, completely cut off from two servants’ bedrooms, bath and REEL, Fig. 28—The front porch is the principal ornament to this house 154 AMERiCAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1g11 Re 4 x Se Fig. 29—Lattice work is of the decorative feature hall. This is a very attractive house outside and quite con- venient within. It will be noticed that there are also some rooms on the third floor. Those who go in for picturesqueness will perhaps be taken with the house shown in Figs. 14, 15 and 16. Here the roof does all sorts of things. There is a great deal of BED Koom 10-0 16-90 LIVING KOOM 1D'-6xZ1-0" iia 5 y }\CLOSICLOS | | RECRY KoomM N+O**13-6 GUESTS Koom Fig. 30—The porches are the features of this house In Figs. 17, 18 and 19, however, we have a Spanish idea of a home. This is a somewhat complete establishment. On the first floor we have dining-room, kitchen, and so on, together with a small corner room and a reception hall at the very front; but there is nothing of the nature of a parlor or living-room. The small room, or den, is ten by ten GUESTS KM 13-6" x 14-0" SERVANTS O74 | 1250"x 16-0" Fig. 31—First floor plan porch, as may be seen by consulting the view and the plan of the first floor. As one enters the house, he finds a side hall, which affords access on the right to the living-room and the dining-room. On the second floor are four bed- rooms and two baths. Still other rooms are on the third floor. The general style of this house is German. Fig. 34—The living-room Fig. 32—Second floor plan Fig. 33—Third floor plan feet and is located at the corner, seen in full in the view. The reception hall has the same depth, ten feet. On the second floor there are two small bedrooms, bath and sepa- rate stairway. These are all cut off from the rest of the second floor. The main portion consists of a fine balcony, a library, anda “grand salon.” This grand salon is sixteen AD AS AR. As, Fig. 35—The dining-room April, 1911 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 155 by thirty-nine feet. All master bedrooms are above, on views of the page refer to the one house. As with all square the third floor. There are five of them, besides two baths. dwellings, there is plenty of room. ‘The side porch is not There is also a small balcony at the front, and two serv- shown in the plan of the first floor. It is, however, an im- ants’ bedrooms and portant addition, bath at the rear. and is reached by a ithe eleceer As French window reachcd by a sepa- from the living- rate stairway and room. Exclusive of is entirely cut off. the two bedrooms im fatty, the three and bath for serv- servents’ rooms and ants on the third bath have no con- floor, there are nection whatever eight rooms and with the main por- two baths for the tion of the home on family and _ its either the secoad guests. On the or third floors. lower left-hand In the view shown side of the page is in Figs. 20, 21 and shown the interior 22, we have a fine Tig. 36—A picturesque house of bungalow form one end of the liv- example of the true ing-room. Very at- concrete or cement house. ‘There is a simplicity about the tractive, isn’t it? The dining-room is shown by the picture lines to suit the material. Notice particularly the heavy tothe right. The broad window seen here is the one which posts of the uncovered porches. The simple doorway ad- opens onto the front porch. mitting to the covered porch is very Figs. 36, 37, 38, and 39 show a attractive. picturesque house, from the side and The house of Figs. 23, 24 and 25 2 rear. [he bay window belongs to is, perhaps; a little more ornate; but Gane the dining-room. On the first floor there is still a restraint which goes oleae are, in addition to a servants’-room well with the material. Observe the plainness of the main lines of the bay window portion. Ornamenta- tion is here secured by the arrange- ment of the openings. Especially attractive in this house is the rise of the side walls above the roof. This is a fine concrete house. Ancther admirable example is the one shown in Figs. 26, 27 and Zueetlere i: is the front porch which beautifies the house. The large square pillars with their con- tinuations above to form posts on the uncovered portico, taken in con- and bath, four bedrooms and bath. A little winding stairway and the tower to which it belongs are attrac- tive features. In the left-hand in- terior view, we have a portion of the living-room, and get a_ glimpse through the doorway to the dining- room and see the bay window be- longing to the latter space. The adjoining view is that of the inside of the dining-room. Messrs. Kirby, Petit and Green, of New York, were the architects of all of the houses illustrated in this article, except six dwellings PREERORIN nection with the intervening pro- Fig. 37—The floor plan which were designed by Mr. Louis jecting roof of red tiling, make of R. Kaufman, also of New York. the whole a charming picture—simplicity and effectiveness. In order to avoid excess in giving details, we have not Figs. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 show a pretty home. treated the under features of the individual house, but The double windows are especially attractive. All the have pointed out the most essential features. Fig. 38—The living-room Fig. 39—The dining-room 156 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Plantng Table of the Best Perennials By Charles Downing Lay April, 1911 Continued from the March number of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS Copyright, 1911, by C. D. Lay. HEIGHT | NAME | SEASON |winter|SoiL PROPAS | | y e MSM Dal SA ade F N N < ASS NB (Be ee , s a 18 $ ‘ of {S18 18 181818 | |@s4e% 2 422207 KIS TST TNT leds PS ; NERS DINE x INNS “ NU a SS J Nd $ NN m \ 4 vw] wwe. Suriadle for hoch Garden 8 \ Ni N Nj x BY NS v y NX of PY Bs . 3 ~ ‘ SRTSTS]S |S] FSIS TS LR [ELE] [ne zezare wecearace | SIRTRIS/ SISSIES OTS 118] Nh Ne SISTS QS TR LO[R PRIN OL cu ae rorcagiag |NININININI SIS [ORI RIR TOTS Qld ae FA/OX : at x - Pav celala Pp 364 OA/B27'2 x - S° Toe 27a * ‘i Pp Ce RY oe *) et Oe SO 3 esi Ue AE Go x = Be : : 2 ELL oy a x ag Z ies : : Potrgoriaraa x x Ae aneZ III ERLIF Folig/ ais : x % ae OSAAPLE NI CAAIE hele ery MAE. * S MAES FV OIC me (elias : ie = Jz207/Ca a Be. ; fre n2a/75 * c x S/IEBOlAS & Pulmogarss, DP x x A AIO ~ fe 2 PIE IIE x x XS CATA dengue fT, a3 x x 407. ‘7 Rm. Pudosthia ; x x ese me cca Be a Se ye HL I: Be. rifobe - : SPAT x x DS Slee. BOR pee 5 il eee ee x > JCA EBS*S SA2 G7 29779 : x BS . CBaRAWE2RSS Sax, pio hes : x s Tai folra SEYa/77 , x CS. ; SPECT POVIE SVLorrar. . x SIDI DS Sse ee Sys aea x oe Oras2Ccas S. . ; x a BSA /Ob0/ WES Z x O/7 r—) S&S Serle ee x > SATU fr O17 P eS : UW! 07707914172 = SOF ES/@ x 2 Se x 74: (-£ DIGMSTOL ee. Tr1toks Vim x BERD = . fie z sé PLIES. : x x > > ASIBIVCUS ae: : FUlOPAEKS xe i VEr BA2SC&72 | x x > Lhd eA Vére72/CO x x x i y. (a VPIBEDA 7 S ° ‘, x x x [EL2 71 A/2OIDES ae y- a x x x [$y sere ; : : x x SOR CO2 5.3. y. YL : x x x Vi SHPES/TS TS 2 “ Bae Se eer ; Y : x x x = SP/Ca/a 26a Y x x x ey : FERCVERLIIQ i Viole x x x > Vv. COorv7A7a : i ’ CornUus3a Ves % % Y. x x x x x Se = a eS April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii CRITICAL NOTES ON PLANTING l IS often difficult to explain why one scene pleases and why another fails: to please, why one grouping of trees . is satisfying to our taste and another grouping of the same trees not so. The landscape which displeases is “Nature” and the unsatisfactory group contains the same trees that are in the satisfactory group. It is hard in any art to explain the finer shades of feeling, but we, who work with living trees and shrubs find a new trouble; namely, the veneration for all growing things which is so thor- oughly inculcated to-day. A tree is sacred and must not be spoken of with- out respect! I shall try, however, to point out by means of similar but contrasting ex- amples why one scene pleases and an- other is vile, at the same time taking the opportunity to speak of the means by which the results were obtained. Figure No. 1 shows a good group of Norway spruces flanked by deciduous x Fig. |—A group of Norway spruces, with beeches and maples, forming a wind-break trees (beeches and maples) all forming an effective wind-break for the house. The spruces have been taken advantage of as a background for the large bed of rhododendrons and lilies (which are now in flower). It is a charming arrange- ment, good at all seasons of the year and it is just the place to plant rhododen- drons and lilies. They are protected from the winter sun and yet get enough in summer. It will also be noticed that they are not planted too near the spruces, which rob the soil of fertility and mois- ture. A little more variety in the height of the rhododendrons would help and it would be better to have them extend further to each side, losing themselves in the trees. As it is, they are discon- nected and fill up a bay, which should be open, but with rhododendrons at the margin, linking trees and grass. Figure No. 2 shows a scheme which is obviously insulting to any taste and needs little comment except the sugges- tion that the large Norway spruce to the left be cut out. The other trees would be more effective without it. GARDEN NOTES CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DOWNING LAY Fig. 2—The large Norway spruce to the left should be cut out to make the cluster effective Figure No. 3 is not only a good group of hemlocks, maples and oaks, but it also shows a well located blue spruce and an- other which is badly located. The one in the middle is excellent. It is a magnifi- cent tree in a good place. The smaller spruce at the right, however, detracts much from the beauty of the scene, and I should like to take out the insignificant bushes dotted on the lawn. Figure No. 4 is the prize of our collec- tion, and if one may judge from a photo- graph it is a masterful piece of work, full of charm and restraint and technically excellent. It is probably as good in color as it is in form and texture. What could be nicer than the way the rhododendrons and the taller shrubs and trees blend to- gether? What more picturesque than the sky line of the group? Only hints of such beauty are to be found in real unspoiled “nature.” The last note in atrocious work is found in Figure 5. The line of the path is bad, the planting is spotty even in the photograph, and in real life it must be hideous. With the naked eye I can count 57 varieties of trees and shrubs, all different tones and showing the complete range of color from yellow to blue, with Fig. 3—An excellent group of hemlock, maple, oak and spruce trees with the exception of the smaller spruce at the right JAPANESE ORNAMENTS FOR THE AMERICAN GARDEN MONG all peoples perhaps the Japa- nese best understand the art of making beautiful GARDENS, not only beautiful with buds and blossoms, but with garden furniture and permanent ornaments. Japanese gardens are famous the world over for their unique complement of bridges, terns, carved dragons gargoyle-like ‘“cozy-corner”’ and ar- tistic conceptions for ornamentation. The accompanying arches, lan- curiously and figures, seats, numberless illustrations show two pagoda-shaped terns. A most de- lightfu! effect is ob- tained at dusk by lighting candles in these lanterns. The glow is seen through coy- lan- small windows ered with oil paper, and the effect is in | perfect harmony with § the tranquil charm of i& the evening hour. F These stone lan- terns. are imported from Japan, each are = of different design and retail at from $25.00 to $200.00. | JOE Sir Wy kongs, large bronze garden terns, jardinieres, and benches are also to be found in The Oriental Store, all imported by us from Japan. The bronze water pots, lan- at $1,000.00, The sell $1,500.00, $3,500.00 and $4,000.00. water kongs are in two sizes, either round or octagonal shapes, and sell at $25.00 and $30.00. We shall take pleasure in helping you make a selection, should you call at our lanterns store. If this is impossible, we cordially invite correspondence, and we will gladly submit sketches and give you full informa- tion. Address Department B. The Oriental Store. 877-879 Broadway, New York Also: Boston and Philadelphia. FOR THE HOME ARTISTIC: Canton Chairs, Ornamental Japanese Basket Work, Japanese Screens, Ori- ental Wall Coverings and Draperies, Oriental Rugs and Lamps. xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 Che Army and Navy ano the Social Life at Old Poirot Comfort S HOTEL (HAMBERLIN Alt Old Point Comfort, Virgin ta i. £ Social ph in Easy to Reach—Unique Location The Centre oO ocla Activities No other resort is so uniquely situated, right at Fortress for Old Point Comfort, the Army and the Navy. Plenty of Monroe, the centre of military activities, and Hampton gayety here for those who are soinclined. The interming- Roads, the rendezvous of the Nations’ Warships. The ling with the Army and Navy officers lends a touch of dis- Chamberlin is the most magnificently appointed of ail tinction, a dash of brilliancy to all social gatherings. Dress resort hotels. It is easily reached from anywhere, the air ff parades, military evolutions, martial music, dances where is invigorating, the surroundings are unusual, historic, re- i programs are always filled to overflowing. Life, sparkle, plete with memories of the past. The medical baths and is activity everywhere, and an all-pervading spirit of good sea pool are the finest in America, the cuisine and service . fellowship and homelike comfort make the Chamberlin are perfect. It matters not what your favorite recreation different from all other resorts. may be, you can enjoy it at the Chamberlin. For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all tourist bureaus or transportation offices, or address me personally. GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. New York Office, 1122 Broadway e | : : - J = al ‘ his Not Treated and Better Garden or Sweet Peas than any of your neighbors Use Farmogerm High Bred Nitrogen Gathering Bacteria If you want to grow peas earlier If you want to see one result of the scientific than your neighbors and have them® study of soil fertilization, carry on an experi- all summer long—if you want sweet ment with Farmogerm. This method will build peas that will grow 6 feet talland be up the fertility of your farm land and cut your such a mass of blossoms as you never fertilizer bill in half. had before, you need to inoculate the It is a pure culture of nitrogen gathering bac- seed with Farmogerm. The poorer the teria now made practical for the farmer and the soil, the better the result can be seen. : s 4 You can grow peas in coal ashes by using gardener. Anybody can use it and if you follow ca i ~, directions, good results must follow. Farmogerm. If you expect to plant your : lawn, don’t fail to use some clover seed in- We dare not advertise some of the results at- oculated with Farmogerm. You will see the tained by the use of Farmogerm. But many far- wonderful results both in the clover and the mers get from 100 to 200 per cent increase, de- eres: pending upon soil conditions. READ THESE LETTERS E. a PEARCE, Webb, TH ie) a IN ESE IN er EN, J. (ob HERZ, Union plants did not grow as Ala., says: tockaway N. x 2 ie ae 2 i “The as Tore Aten oe, D Course, L. I., N. Y., large and strong as ‘in “The peas that_ were says: aeae the inoculated rows. The treated with your Farm- ‘Chis! jsprines Teoane= says: inoculated peas were ogerm bore for three ceived from you Farmo- “My results from the picked for the first time weeks after the un- germ for peas and use of Farmogerm on on the 23d of June and treated plot were dead. beans, and I must say spring plantings of peas the inoculated beans on The peas tested were that I was surprised at and beans have been the 28th of June. The the dwarf or early varli- the difference between entirely satisfactory. The uninoculated peas and ety. I used Farmogerm those that I put Farmo- inoculated seed came up beans that were planted on all the tall or late germ on and the seed very quickly and the two days later were ten varieties and never be- that there were none rows of plants were days later in maturing. fore saw such luxurious on. I have never had thick and regular. The The yield from my in- vine, and for the first peas and beans’ pro- uninoculated seed was oculated peas and beans time in my life had duce as well as I have slow to germinate and was much heavier and garden peas until I got this year."’ the rows were sparse more prolonged than tired of them.” and irregular and the from the uninoculated.” Acre size, $2.00. Garden size, 50 cents. Send for our booklet ai. ziving full details about FARMOGERM and its uses for farm and garden and [letters from experiment stations and farmers. Mention this magazine. EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO., Bloomfield, N.J., U.S.A. Fig. 4—A presentation full of charm and technically of fine form probably a few reds thrown in to make it lively! The forms of the small trees and shrubs are no more in harmony than the colors, and in texture of foliage they are constantly waning. Such a jumble of goods one expects in a hardware store, but not on a lawn! No. 6 is in a way comparable to the living pictures which one sees on the stage. It is a nurseryman’s catalogue done in living trees instead of type, and for completeness only lacks the price mark. For instance, take the first items: “Pinus Mugho, slow growing dwarf pine. Spreading habit. 18-24 inches. $1.25. “Retinos pora squanosa, slender branches, silvery foliage. 3-4 feet. $3.” The hand of the artist can be detected no less readily in planting than in painting or sculpture. In planting, as in all arts, the greatest masters get their, effects most sim- ply and most easily. Their sound judgment and the perfection of their technique leads them at once to the easiest way of doing their work. With amateurs it is quite dif- ferent. Their interest in the technique of Fig. 5.—The line of the path is bad and the planting is “ spotty” the art unbalances their weak judgment and they overdo everything until the work becomes a catalogue of their attainments, interesting as much, perhaps, but without repose or breadth. The crowded palette of the young painter betrays his unripened mind just as the long list of trees, shrubs and flowers on the young planter’s plan betrays his uncertain Fig. 6.—The tree arrangement has a “stage”” effect April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV judgment and the desperate means he must rely on to attain his ends. Few trees and those native, not many shrubs and those all hardy, vigorous grow- ers, adapted to the soil and the situation, will produce a far better result than a mis- cellaneous collection of many varieties, no matter how beautiful each may be in itself. Planting is only part of a place, and if it be not simple, how can the place as a whole be beautiful? WILD FLOWERS WORTH GROWING By NATHANIEL S. GREEN N YOUR rambles through the woods when the ground is carpeted with spring flowers did you ever think of the possibility of transplanting some of these flowers to your garden? There are many wild flowers and ferns in every locality that take kindly to domestica- tion. Planted in loose, fertile soil in a partly shaded spot, they grow and thrive wonderfully, and their blossoms rival our cultivated favorites in beauty and charm. Once well established they grow and blossom luxuriantly for years with little care. The only attention they re- quire is a mulch of leaves to protect them from cold, and an occasional watering during summer drought. The best time to secure these wild plants is in the early spring when they are just starting into growth. They may be a bit difficult to find to one unaccus- tomed to their haunts, but a little search- ing among the leaves along the slopes near a woodland rill will reveal the young plants pushing through the ground. They appear earliest on south slopes, where the mid-day sun has a chance to melt the snow and warm the soil. The daintiest of spring flowers are the wood anemones that may be found in great profusion along overhanging banks or beside fallen tree trunks. Their deli- cate pink and white blossoms are as beautiful as any greenhouse flower. The bulbs are small and a dozen or more may be placed in a six-inch pot; but they are more charming planted outdoors in a shady border. Here they become natu- ralized and bloom year after year without care. Another charming wild flower of early spring is Dielytra, or as the children call it, Dutchman’s Breeches. Its clumps of tiny bulbs may be found just under the leaves, only half covered with soil. Its flowers closely resemble the culti- vated “Bleeding Heart” in shape, but are smaller and white or pinkish white. The abundant lacy foliage is as attractive as the blossoms. The bulbs of Erythronium or Dog-tooth Violet, are difficult to obtain, as they are usually found six to eight inches deep, but they well repay the work of digging them out. The dark green leaves covered with blotches of bronze and purple make a charming setting for the lily-like blossoms. Two varieties are found in our woodlands: Erythronium Americanum, having bright, yellow flow- ers an inch broad, and E. Albidum, hav- ing bluish-white flowers. Both make pleasing additions to the garden, or they may be naturalized in the grass and allowed to spread at will. The large rose-colored flowers of Clay- tonia, or Spring Beauty, compare favor- ably with any of our garden blossoms. The bulbs are easily obtained and grow readily if given a moist, shady spot. Vio- lets—blue, white and yellow—give a most charming effect when planted in masses on a shady slope. Among the Instruction Book and Wood Finishing Samples FREE ERE’S the best book ever published on artistic wood finishing, the work of famous experts, illustrated in five colors. For alimited time, we will mail it FREE, postage paid, to- gether with samples of Johnson’s Wood Finishes t : You — yourself— Yes! can beautifully finish or refinish all furniture, woodwork or floors, in the latest and most artistic shades-—in little time—at small expense—with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax If you are inter- ested in crafts- manship—if you want the correct finish on a new piece of furniture —if you are buila- ing or remodeling Y —if you want to brighten up or change the color } of any piece of furniture or of woodwork or floors —either hard or soft wood—if you are interested in basketry—get this expert Instruction Book and the FREE SAMPLES at your leading paint dealers. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in many beautiful greens, browns, reds, etc. Itis not amere stain, but a pene- trating dye which colors the wood so deeply that if it becomes scratched or marred the natural color is not disclosed. It brings out the beauty of the grain without raising it, giving a soft, rich, permanentcolor. A coat of Johnson's Prepared Wax over the dye gives that beautiful, dull, artistic finish so much admired today. If you prefer a higher gloss than the wax gives apply a coat of UNDER-LAC over the dye and then one coat of Prepared Wax. Under-Lac is a thin, elastic spirit finish very much superior to shellacor varnish. It dries hard in less than an hour. Under-Lac is just what you want for your linoleum and oilcloth; it brings out the pattern, making it bright and glossy like new, protects it from wear and. makes cleaning easy. It dries so the floors may be walked on in an hour. We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Finishes, so we are supplying all leading paint dealers with samples for their customers’ use. If your dealers haven’t samples of our Wood Dye, Under-Lac and Prepared Wax and the Instruction Book—we will send them to you postpaid for the name of your dealer in paints. In writing us mention the shade of dye you prefer and Instruction Booklet, edition A H 4. S. C. Johnson & Son, “The Wood Finishing Authorities” Racine, Wis. Weighted with Water. A lawn roller whose weight can be adjusted to the conditions of your lawn, garden or tennis court \ A light Machine for the soft, wet spring lawn. All in one } A heavy Machine for the hard, dry summer lawn. LA A heavier Machine for the driveway or tennis court. Why buy one of the old style i iron or cement fixed- weight rollers that is generally too heavy or too light to do your lawn the most good, paying for two or three hundred pounds of useless metal—and freight on it as well—when less money will buy the better, more efficient. “Anyweight” Water Ballast Lawn Roller. Remember that a difference of 50 pounds may mean success or ruin to your lawn—a half ton t/ machine will spoil it in early spring, while a 200 Ib. roller is absolutely useless later in the season. f you desire a fine, soft, springy turf of deep green, instead of a coarse, dead looking patch of grass, use an ““Anyweig ht.” ““Anyweight ” Water Ballast Roller is built i in 3 sizes, all of 24 inch diameter and = 24, 5 and 32 inch widths. The machine shown here (our smallest) weighs but | 15 empty, 470 lbs. when completely filled with water, and 737 lbs. with sand. The other sizes weigh 124 and 132 lbs. empty and from that * “cnyweight ” up to half a ton. Filled in 30 seconds—emptied i ina jiffy, Fully protected by our patents. Runs easy y—lasts a lifetime. H We will mail you, postpaid, our valuable and 4 This hook sent free: el interesting book on “The Care of the Lawn, { teaelis with oles about the ‘“Anyweight."’ Write us to-day. Save x | | : money—save your lawn, \ CN g) WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO., Box 9, Monroe, Mich. if ie erate: & WIRE FENCE: pera nae FOR ALL ib chips es : anee nnn nn nag a Hn tl FOUNDRY & FENCE CO." AI rou Ee IND. 1222 EF. 24th Sirest xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 Can be used as a blind or an awning at will, or pulled up out of sight if desired. Slats ° 9 e . ran ay = a Wilson’s Outside Venetians i petoui anticanntey Routers GHlr anOMIa Pen cea NOW eae uence tS ome TNE For Piazzas and Porches. Outside View. Inside View. Pulled up. Wilson's Blinds have been furnished to the houses of John P. Morgan, H. M. Flagler, A. G. Vanderbilt, Chas. Lanter, Mrs. R. Gambrill, Clarence Mackay, Wm. C. Whitney, J. S. Kennedy, C. Ledvard Blair, Jas. C. Colgate, O. Harriman, Jy., and many others. Send for Catalocue JAS. G. WILSON MFG. CO., 3 and 5 W. 29th St., New York Also Inside Venetians, Porch Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors. ) Cabot’s Shingle Stains For Shingles, Siding, Clapboards, Tim- bers, and all other outside woodwork Cost less than half as much as paint. Can be put on twice as fast, halving the labor cost. The colors are softer, richer, and more beautiful. They wear as well as the best paint. They are made of Creosote, ‘‘ the best wood pre- servative known.’’ Have been proved in every climate for twenty-five |} yaers. You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. Send for free samples and name of nearest agent. SAMUEL CABOT, Manfg. Chemists, 131 Milk St., Boston, Mass, rik Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains Fisher & Lawrie. Arch’ts, Omaha, Neb. larger wild plants suitable for the garden are Polygonatum, or Solomon’s Seal, the glossy green foliage and bright berries borne on a long, curving stem making a pleasing background for smaller plants— Larkspur, May-apple and purple Phlox. Of the shrubs one of the most pleasing is “Burning Bush,” which is at its best in autumn, when frost has killed the tender plants. Its seed pods divide when ripe, revealing the scarlet seeds, which make a brilliant display all winter long. Quite as attractive as the flowering plants and as easy to grow, are the many varieties of ferns that abound in every woodland. Maiden Hair is one of the easi- est to grow and it makes a fine display. Christmas fern gives a picturesque effect planted among the roots of a tree or ona rocky shaded slope. Its leaves are a glossy green and remain so throughout the winter. In a moist, rich soil the stately Sword fern will make an immense growth, its fronds often reaching a length of four feet. The plants mentioned give only a hint of the possibilities of a wild flower gar- den. There are dozens of other native plants that may be transplanted to the home grounds, where they will thrive with little care, and by judicious planting a brilliant display may be enjoyed from early spring until the beginning of win- ter. FELLING OF TREES CLOTHES DRYER " FOR LAWN USE, BERLIN inventor has recently de- signed a simple device for the fell- ing of trees. The trunks are cut by the friction of a steel wire about 1 millimeter in diameter, which, as demon- strated by practical tests, is able to cut CHICAGO-SU Eliminates clothes posts. Is portable and can be removed when not in us Holds 165 feet of line. Excels all others in strength, durability and conveniencc in handling. Each arm operates independently. When opened, arms lock in position and stretch lines. When closed, arms lock automatically. Send fcr one today. Price $10 complete, including steel post and metal-lined socket. é If not satisfactory return and we will refund money. Write for descriptive and “i illustrated free folder No. E.12, Do it now. Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOReSIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND poR CATALOGUES WILLOWCRAFT This artistic willow furniture is labeled with the name ‘‘ Willowcraft”’ to protect purchasers from the cheaply made and very inferior imitations. Insist upon seeing the label. Willowcraft is famous for its artistic lines, durability and exclusive patterns. Ask your dealer if he carries Willowcraft; if not, write us for fully illustrated ““S THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS Box A. NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. OUR NATIVE AZALEAS are the most beautiful, hardiest, and permanent of any Azaleas known to cultivation, Over 50,000 growing at Highlands Nursery 3800 feet elevation in the Carolina Mountains lutea (calendulacea), sulphur yellow to deep red. arborescens, white with pink stamens, very fragrant. canescens, brilliant pink, early species. nudiflora, dwarf, with deep pink flowers; early. % vasevi, white to deep rose, delicate wax-like flowers. Perhaps the choicest é {' " °"" THE CAROLINA HEMLOCK Tsuga caroliniana, the most beautiful and rare American conifer. Speci- men trees with ball from three feet to eight feet. : ) Rhododendrons catawbiense, punctatum and maximum, in specimen clumps up to six feet in car lots. Unique Catalogs and full particulars regarding all our gorgeous Native Rhododendrons, Leucothoes, Andromedas and Carolina Mountain Plants. HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner, Salem, Mass. Highlands Nursery and Salem Nurseries. “ BROWN IN THE SAROLINA MOUNTATT 40900°6000 PTPELEVATION THE CHICAGO DRYER CO., 383 E£. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. through a tree about 20 inches (50 centi- meters) in thickness in six minutes. The wire, which is carried to and fro by an elec- tric motor, is heated by friction on the tree to such an extent as to burn through the timber, the result being a cut which is both smoother and cleaner than that effected by saw. The wire will work satisfactorily on the thickest trees without the insertion of wedges into the cut, and the trees may be cut immediately above or below the ground. In the latter case the stump may be left safely in the soil. The motor which actuates the wire is placed outside of the range effected by the fall of the tree, and when electricity is not already available it can be generated by a transportable power plant consisting of a 10 horse-power gaso- line motor and dynamo, which are left at the entrance to the forest during the felling operations. WATER COLORS ATER colors prepared with gum or dextrine form hard, solid masses that can only be softened after prolonged rubbing with the moistened brush. To obtain water colors that will always be soft and can be readily taken up by the brush, a solution of sugar should be used, containing from 2 to 10 per cent of the weight of the sugar used of pure con- centrated glycerine. As the latter con- stantly absorbs moisture from the at- mosphere, colors prepared in the manner described never become perfectly hard. By using thick solutions of gum, to which glycerine has been added and with which the color has been rubbed down, we obtain water colors which can be put up for sale like oil colors in tin capsules (tubes) and are always ready for use. « April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Delectable “‘ Sweets and Sours” from Old-time Recipes SPICED APPLE JELLY LD-FASHIONED housewives— especially the thrifty home-keep- ers of New England—held the secret of making a spicy and delicious jelly from the comparatively worthless buried-apples of early spring. We sel- dom taste in these days a jelly with a flavor so peculiarly rich and spicy. When the jelly closet is empty just before the iresh fruits and berries begin to appear, a thing to be reckoned with is the un- palatable condition of the kept-over fruits and their lack of flavor for jelly making. In New England they used to bury the apples in underground pits when it was desirable to keep over a quantity for use in the spring. Naturally these old apples “tasted of the earth” and those kept over in the cellars were spongy and juiceless at the approach of spring. Some of our cold-storage apples of to- day that are kept till fresh apples come again are equally lacking in flavor and juiciness in the spring and early sum- mer. Yet, when they are manipulated by the same processes as used by the old New England housewives, the jelly is even more delicious than when made in the usual manner simply as apple jeily. For this richly spiced apple jelly, our grandmothers washed and quartered the apples, removing all “specks,” but leav- ing on the skin. They were then put in a preserving kettle with sufficient liquid to keep from burning—using one part water and two parts vinegar. When boiled until thoroughly done, with all the juice and jelly substance substracted from the skins, the whole was poured into a cheese cloth bag and allowed to drip until all the clear juice was secured. This juice was then measured, an equal quantity of sugar added, with a teaspoon- ful of whole cloves, a teaspoonful of broken mace and one of stick cinna- mon broken in small pieces for each quart of the syrup. It is important to avoid the use of ground spices for clear jelly, and even the whole cloves and other spices should be tied loosely in a bag to avoid ‘“‘specking” the jelly. When boiled until ready to “‘jell,’ the spices were removed, the liquid poured into glasses, and covered when cold, and the result was a clear, red jelly, much more attractive in appearance than the usual apple jelly and of a rich, fine flavor. For a change in making apple jellies at any season of the year, it will be pleas- ing to have a portion of it spiced, for variety in color and flavor; but it is espe- cially wise to “doctor up” old apples by this process. APPLE-LEMON JELLY Lemons are scarce and high in the spring, it is true, but it will be desir- able to include apple-lemon jelly in the pees bOR PHE HOUSEWIFE BY PHEBE WESCOTT HUMPHREYS ts what you want ‘ Z Tesaeaiiaaasia olf caaiianiieaaeneaeed ‘ 1N>> on y : \ oe =~ % ive : \ EL ~~ 4 : z bt | HYGIENIC KALSOMINE se OAS AEN Lo cs ARTISTIC AND ECONOMICAL Beauty is not necessarily costly—taste does more than money. Harmony be- tween furniture and wall decoration is essential and can be attained at trifling cost by using Hygienic Kalsomine. Goes furthest, looks best and lasts longest. Individuality —exclusiveness in style is easy through the infinite variety of shades in this rich, velvety wall finish. For valuable hints and artistic schemes in colors send for the HOME DECORATOR—FREE It is filled with clever suggestions and arrangements for every room. Ask your dealer or send us his name and receive copy free. This is what you want. emergency preserves; and, after all, very few lemons will be required for good re- sults when intelligently used. After pre-|//7 paring the apple juice as for the spiced |¥ jelly, do not add spices, but prepare the clear slightly acid jelly in the usual way. If the lemons are sufficiently plentiful one lemon may be added to two quarts of apple juice; slice the yellow rind from the lemon in small pieces, pare off and discard the white inner coating, then slice the juicy pulp, throwing away the seeds, boil up with the apples, and strain the juice through the cheesecloth bag. The picturesque part of the lemon jelly is the finishing touch, however. After the juice has jelled, and is ready for pouring into the glasses, slice fresh, juicy lemons, cutting through the rind and pulp and forming the circular slices about a sixteenth of an inch thick, or as thin as can be sliced. Remove the seeds. Place a slice in each glass, and pour the hot jelly over it. No other cooking will be re- quired. Then with a silver fork, make each circle of lemon stand on edge where it will show to best advantage through the glass and it will retain this position when the jelly is cool and firm, and is especially attractive when the mold of jelly is turned from the glass for serving. Not only is the distinct lemon flavor of this jelly pleasing, but the decorative fea- ture is unique—and how the children clamor for that slice of lemon, to be dipped in sugar and nibbled after the jelly is served. Here is a secret that our grandmothers understood—jelly can be made from dried apples that will vie with the fresh apple jelly in quality, color and flavor. The ‘old-time sun-dried apples with the skins left on are the ones to be used if possible, instead of the white, evaporated apples. In some portions of New Eng- land it was customary each summer to dry all the apples, to be set aside with the skins left on, for spring jelly mak- ing. Other “wind-blown and specks,” as |™™ the unmarketable apples were called, were used for cider making, for immedi- ate jelly making, and for summer apple sauce, with a certain proportion dried without the skins—the thrifty house- wives using the skins from the drying apples for the fresh-apple jelly. But a goodly proportion of the dried apples were simply washed and cored, cut into drying slices, and dried in the sun. These were dependable for fine jellies in the early summer, between the season of the “kept-overs” and the “new” apples. 7 G LY White 50c; Tints 55c per carton package Dept. 79 CHICAGO ADAMS & ELTING CO Pergolas Ready to Set Up They are so much cheaper than similar equipment when made to order, that even the owners of modest- priced homes can now afford to beautify their gar- dens with a pergola of absolutely correct design and attractive appearance. SPICY APPLE BUTTER Again we can follow the thrift of the old-time housekeeper by utilizing all the apple pulp from which the jelly juice has been drained. Rub it through a fine colan- der to remove all skins and waste. The fresh apple pulp from the lemon jelly can simply be sweetened and served with a dash of grated nutmeg. The pulp from the spiced apples and the dried apples will form delicious apple butter or apple marmalade with additional flavoring of ground spices—equal proportions of cin- namon and nutmeg or mace—to make Shipped in crated sections ready for assembling. Simple instructions are furnished that will enable any one handy with tools to quickly and easily set them up. Our “Pergola Book’’ also shows gate-ways, posts, boundary markers, etc. Send for it to-day. The Pergola Company 155 La Salle Street Chicago, IIl. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xviii April, 1911 TTT - the butter rich and dark; also add half a HA [ae f 7 | 5 >) : cup of vinegar and one cup of sugar to AANA ANATAL| esi 1” A each quart of pulp; boil all together, then Ahk at simmer slowly, stirring frequently, until i a firm, rich marmalade results—some- times known as apple butter, but finer eeeeeeaeeey in flavor and texture than the usual apple Peeseseerese | =o | butter of to-da es " a OTHER DRIED FRUIT BUTTERS ee =e —-— It should be more generally known that dried peaches, dried plums, and especially the spicy dried apricots, may all be made to supply delicious butters, jams or mar- malades when carefully prepared, and when vinegar and spices are added as for the apple butter, it will not injure the flavor of the butter if a portion of the juice is drained from the fruit for jelly. Any sort of dried fruit should be very carefully washed and thoroughly soaked until the small, dark shriveled pieces be- come “life-sized,” tender and light-col- ored. Soaking for a day and a night is a good old rule; then cook quickly, drain off a portion of the juice for jelly, and pro- ceed as with the apple jelly and butter. u ri McCRAY BUILT-IN REFRIGERATORS = jh can be iced from outside. ‘This feature is important. You don’t have to be on | tell hand during the icing of your refrigerator, nor is there a wet and foot-tracked floor to be cleaned up after the operation. McCray Refrigerators are made up complete at the factory, and when desired will be installed by expert workmen either in new or remodeled residences. H PERFECT REFRIGERATION | The palate-pleasing qualities of most foods depend upon their temperature. ‘The positive air circulation of McCray Refrigerators imparts a cold snappiness that gives a special zest to relishes, salads and desserts. McCray Refrigerators are made for all purposes in a wide variety of sizes. Write for the par- ticular book in which you are interested: No. A, H. Built-in-to-order for Residences, No. 87 Regu- lar Sizes for Residences, No. 48 for Hotels, Clubs and Institutions, No. 72 for Florists, No. 67 for | Grocers, No. 59 for Meat Markets. McCray Refrigerator Co. 287 LAKE STREET, KENDALLVILLE, IND. Display Rooms and Agencies in all Principal Cities ING LITTLE KNOW-HOWS FOR CANNING ve ee; WM. M. CLARKE ARCHITECT, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. everlasting ee shelves. Never warps, m trated circular. FREE This free book tells how how to prepare the seed-bed, ex DUNH } =| The Only Modern,Sanitary - | STEEL Medicine Cabinet |, orlocker finished in snow-white, baked enamel, inside and out. HESS sity LOCKER 3eautiful beveled mirror door, plate brass trimmings. Costs Less Than Wood shrinks, Dust and vermin proof, easily clean d. | Should Be In Every Bath Room * Four styles—four sizes. wall or to hang outside. The Recessed Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces. BOOK ON THE PROPER> CARE OF LAWNS -irtosay even-growing lawn. It explains the right kind of soil, how to drain it, and ground moles, that must be known in order to make a good lawn. Stain Your Shingles with DEXTER BROTHERS’ ENGLISH SHINGLE STAIN Dip Them Before Laying Djpping gives absolute protection—where rain gets through between the upper s well as to the outer surfaces. Whether applied by brushing or dipping, Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains are better than paint with waterproofing oils, shingl the shingles preservative retain the natural texture of the wood. ind beauty annot fade pure English ground colors « Write for stained miniature shingles, so you can decide on Also descriptive booklet with the right color combination letters from architects and owners A | Dexter Bros. Co.,113 Broad St., Boston, 1133 B’dw’y,N.Y. Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore. ; M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; Carolina Portland Cement Co., Birm- ingham and Montgomery, Ala., Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, S.C., and New Orleans, La. ; F. S. Combs. Halifax, N.S., AND DEALERS. I cae Nickel Steel or glass nor swells. To recess in Send for illus- Free Booklet. Phey protect yf where water gets through to the under shingles and wet rots them. Dipping the shin- gles two-thirds their length pre- vents this, Beverly, Massachusetts to make and maintain a beautiful, thick, how to keep down weeds, how to kill ants and covers many other important points AM ROLLERS «== The Dunham Roller for paths, lawns and tennis courts has automobile roller bearings and axle construction. The weights are hung on the outer ends giving only two inches of friction against ten to twenty-two inches in others, making the Dunham 44% easier to operate than any other roller. The Dunham Roller is the strongest, easiest to operate and most economical roller produced. Soil Pulverizers and Packers for All Eastern Office: The Dunham Company, 6 Albany Street, Dept.G. New York City THE DUNHAM COMPANY Largest Manufacturers in the World of Land Rollers, 444 First Avenue, BEREA, OHIO Purposes OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS RUSTIC WORK New Catalog of many desigus on request North Shore Ferneries Company, It is always more difficult to keep the canned goods fresh and sweet than the jellies and preserves that are cooked down thick and firm. The general prin- ciples of canning may be thoroughly un- derstood (and they have been too fre- quently discussed to require repetition here), but there are several little “tricks” known to experienced canners that should be brought to the attention of young housewives if they would prevent breakage of glass jars and avoid fermen- tation. For instance, many new jars are sacri- ficed for want of care in filling with the hot liquid. I once watched a practical housekeeper at her canning and noticed one little trick that was new to me. She in- variably held the palm of her hand for a moment over the jar after filling in a cupful of the hot fruit—for a quick steaming of the jar to prevent breakage when the boiling fruit came in contact with the glass. She claimed that she had never lost a jar by cracking after she be- gan to practice this one extra precaution. Of course, she followed the usual acci- dent preventative of setting the jar on a hot cloth. She folded several thicknesses of cotton cloth, laid it on a pie plate or other shallow tin, poured hot water on the cloth, and set the jar on this. And, equally of course, she rinsed the jars out in very warm water in preparing them to receive the boiling fruit. But even with the hot rinsing and the hot water pad be- neath the jar—insuring one against | cracking the jar with the first cupful of fruit—on continuing to fill, often the very last cupful will break the jar. The moment of hand covering to “even up the temperature” is the needful finishing touch. Another precaution for successful can- ning is to fill the jar to running over, and remove all air bubbles before putting on the top. If the syrup of the fruit is evenly distributed through the latter, in filling the jar, the air bubbles will not be likely to appear; but if they form, run the long handle of a spoon around the sides, and they will rise to the top and be entirely removed by the final overflow of the fruit juice. Then wipe the jar _quickly and screw on the cover. April, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS CORRESPONDENCE The Editor of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspond- ence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in Home Furnishing By ALICE M. KELLOGG A PARLOR THAT IS TOO LIGHT DP rcat is dst R. I., correspon- dent is discouraged about her parlor, which has just been re- papered. “I. fear | have made a mistake,” she writes, ‘as the room looks much worse than it did before. The new paper is a warm tan-color in two tones and I find it accentuates the brightness of the room. There is a large bay with three windows, besides two windows on the side. The ‘woodwork is painted white and the win- dow shades and thin, net curtains are white. The room looks garish and in- hospitable. Is it possible to improve it without putting on another paper?” Under the conditions described a wall paper of a gray-brown tone would be helpful in softening the light. Another suggestion would be to change the thin net curtains for cream-white scrim, trimmed with a lace edge and insertion, and hang- ing them across the glass. Over-curtains to hang at the side of the windows would also assist in darkening the room. DECORATING A CEILING A Lincoln (Neb.) reader, G. O. F., asks about decorating the ceiling of her parlor, and if it would be better to leave the plaster in the original white finish. The ceilings of houses of moderate cost are better treated with a water color tint, either cream or buff, rather than at- tempting an expensive decoration. If a wall paper must be applied to the ceil- ing on account of defects that cannot be covered with a tint, the design should be inconspicuous. Some wall papers have ceiling papers to match, but this is not necessary. If a considerable amount of money is expended on the interior of the house, the ceiling may be covered with the English relief material made for this purpose in various designs. This comes in plain white, and is intended to be tinted in one or more colors to suit the tones of the side wall and general color scheme. OBJECTS FOR A PARLOR TABLE “We have been boarding the past few years, and previous to that our furniture, then in storage, was all burned up in a fire. Consequently, on starting again this year to make a new home we have had to buy all new furnishings. In the par- lor we have a mahogany table with a round top thirty-six inches in diameter. What would you suggest as ornaments for it?’—Mrs. G. A. R., Sandusky, Ohio. Usually, a family has odd pieces of bric-a-brac on hand to meet the need de- scribed by this Ohio correspondent. Sometimes wedding presents of one kind and another are useful. In purchasing new articles it would be well to deliber- ate carefully so that each one piece may be worth the attention it will receive in this conspicuous position. (Continued on page xx) Garden Work About the Home By OLIVER INGRAHAM WINDOW BOXES ‘ST WOULD like suggestions about the plants to grow in the boxes at the sides of the steps to my piazza and on the balcony above the piazza,” writes a correspondent from Columbus. Evergreens would, of course, be the best in winter, and you might use pyra- midal box bushes or red cedar trees or arborvitae. A high tree at each end of the box and low ones in the middle would give a pleasing effect. In summer these evergreens can be planted in the back yard (if they live, which may happen) and the boxes can then be filled with flow- ering plants. Geraniums. nasturtiums and petunias are best because they are vigorous growers, bloom continuously and make a good show. Plants with pale colored flowers like heliotrope will not be pretty in such a situation. The foli- age of carmas, caladiums and castor bean, which are sometimes used in such a sit- uation, is too coarse and is out of scale with most buildings. The Black Walnut is a beautiful tree in some localities. It grows best in mod- erately rich, moist soil, as in bottom lands near rivers. I should not attempt to grow it on a rocky hillside or on a gravelly knoll. it is one of our grandest trees, reach- ing a height of 70 feet, and it has a broad, open top with the foliage carried well out on the branches. It loses its leaves early in the fall, which is sometimes an objection, but its branches are bold and strong and impres- sive when bare. The gray birch is a charming tree and will grow anywhere. ‘There is no hand- somer lawn tree. It is easy to transplant when young, but the old clumps, which are so much admired, are so difficult that it does not pay to bother with them. To recommend a course of home study in Landscape Architecture as S. D. asks would be difficult. The course in Landscape Architecture at Harvard requires four years for com- pletion and it must be preceded by at least two years of work in the college. Such an amount of work it would be dif- ficult to accomplish at home, even if time is of no value. A course of reading, however, might be arranged, which could be finished in a year or two and which, with the aid of outdoor study and observation, would give one an understanding of the art and a more cultivated taste that might be a sufficient return for the labor expended. The technical side of the art it will be difficult to get from books, but the es- thetic side may perhaps be better grasped. Such a course of home reading should include the following books, read more or less in sequence: Bawn’s Essays, “Of (Continued on page xxi) Individual Libraries With Unlimited Possibilities of Growth To have one’s books appropriately housed, but within easy reach, where they can be enjoyed without interrup- tion, and without encroaching on the liberty or pleasure of others, is the secret of the Individual Library idea. For the young people at home, or away at school, their books and favorite authors; for the guest room, den, living room, hall; for any room, no matter what the size of your book collec- tion may be—there is a style or combination in Globe=Wernicke Elastic Bookcases exactly suited to your needs; yet possessing un- limited possibilities for home decoration or future growth. The Unit Construction of GlobeSWernicke bookcases lends itself perfectly to the individual requirements of all, or any room. Made in a wide diversity of styles and finishes GlobeSWernicke ‘“elastic’’ bookeases will har- monize with any interior fittings desired. They are Easy to Arrange or Rearrange and as the number of books increase, or additional units become necessary, new and artistic combinations may be easily and quickly created. GlobeSWernicke bookcase units and dupli- eates at any future time will be found on sale in 1500 principal towns and cities. Where not rep- resented, we will ship on approval, freight paid. Write today for complete catalogue illustrated in color and a copy of “The World’s Best Books’ — both mailed free. Address Dept.A. H, The Globe“Wernicke Co, Cincinnati, U. S.A. 230,000 Birthdays every day in the year in the United States ) You can be positively sure of giving a most appreciative Sift in presenting a box of gs WORLD ~ RENOWNED There is satisfaction in. knowing that you give the best that money cnd skill can produce. ‘Reta. STORES and SALES AGENTS EVERYWHERE xX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 | WOLFF PLUMBING GOODS FIP TY -SIX YEARS OF (OUALIT ¥ Does anything in the plans and specifi- cations for a home interest a client— especially a woman—more than the bath- room and its equipment. It is the comfort-center of the house- hold; and so long as houses are built to live in, the far-sighted architect will take no chances there. He knows that if it is not satisfactory the house will be viewed through dark glasses and mountains made of mole-hills. The safe way is to specify bathroom, kitchen and laundry plumbing equipment — that is manufactured throughout by one house, bearing the reputation that can be gained only one way. That is the ‘“ WOLFF ” line. ESTABLISHED 1855 L. Wolff Manu- facturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 W. Lake St., Chicago DENVER TRENTON Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago BRANCH OFFICES: ST. LOUIS, Mo., 2210-2212 PINE STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CaAL., MONADNOCK BUILDING MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 615 NORTHWESTERN BUILDING OMAHA, NEB., 1116-1118 DOUGLAS STREET CLEVELAND, OnI10, BUILDERS EXCHANGE WASHINGTON, D.C., 327 BOND BUILDING KANSAS CITY, Mo., 1204 SCARRETT BUILDING BUFFALO, N. Y., 61 MANCHESTER PLACE CINCINNATI, OnI0, 506 Lyric BUILDING Lane’s Ball Bearing = Menem THE BEST HOUSE DOOR HANGER wot. Frame ALL Sabie ; Bearing made and hardened just the same as similar bicycle parts. Hanger guaranteed in Ask any every respect. _ dealer or wnite us. Get our Catalogue. 2 il SS oT — = I = m1 SIM LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, Manufacturers 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Problems in Home Furnishing (Continued from page xix) A tall lamp or vase may be the first object secured for the center of the table. If fresh flowers cannot be kept in the vase, some of the artificial Japanese plum blossoms in white and pink may be sub- stituted. A square of antique embroidery edged with gold braid may be laid under- neath the lamp or vase asa mat. A small picture, framed with a support at the back, may stand near the edge of the table. Such a picture should have real artistic merit, or be of enough general interest to attract a visitor. Two or three small books in good bind- ings (preferably with illustrations that may be enjoyed without depending on the text), and one or two pieces of glass or pottery of real beauty may complete the outfit for the table. DESIGN FOR A CHAUFFEUR’S COTTAGE A request comes from a New England reader, Mr. N. F. J., for a floor plan for a chauffeur’s cottage, which is to be built this summer. Only a one-story house is to be erected to meet the requirements of man and wife. In the back numbers of this magazine will be found a variety of plans for small houses. ‘These may be adapted to the needs specified; or, the arrangement of rooms may be as follows: Across the en- tire front of the house may be the living- room, with one corner at the back used for dining purposes. A chimney may be built into the wall, facing the front door, and opening into a kitchen at the back. The rear of the house may be divided into bedroom, bathroom and kitchen. INTRODUCING GRAY IN A COLOR SCHEME A western reader has noticed the ref- erences in articles on house furnishing to gray as a successful color for the house. “I would like to know if I could intro- duce this color in a guest room that I am fitting up. What shall I have in the room in this color? The exposure is south and west with a bay of three win- dows and a side window. At present there is a white Chinese matting on the floor and a brass bedstead. I can add whatever you think will make the room restful and attractive for my friends.” If you can find a large rug with a plain gray center and a border with green and yellow in it to lay over the matting it would give a keynote for the rest of the room. There is a good variety of gray wall papers from which to choose, and if pictures are to be hung in this room the pattern may be an inconspicuous one. If the picture element is lacking, a decora- tive wall paper introducing gray would be the better choice. White muslin or white scrim may be made up at home with two rows of filet squares set in near the bottom as an in- sertion. Over-curtains may be added for winter use, selecting a plain or two-toned effect with a decorative wall paper, and a chintz or cretonne with a plain gray paper. A bedspread and pillow cover may also be made of the curtain material and seat covers for two arm willow chairs stained gray. The bureau, side chairs and table may be of white enamel or mahogany, and the amount to be expended often determines the choice of these pieces. Either selec- tion would accord with the color scheme suggested. April, r91t Garden Work About the Home (Continued from page xix) Gardens”; Sieveking, ‘Gardens, Ancient and Modern”; P. G. Hamerton, ‘‘The Landscape”; Van Rensselaer, “Art Out of Doors”; Repton, “The Art of Land- scape Gardening”; Downing, “Landscape Gardening”; Hemp, “Landscape Garden- ing”; Blomfield, ‘““The Formal Garden in England”; Robinson, ‘““The English Flower Garden”; Robinson, ‘““The Parks and Gar- dens of Paris.” These books will give general knowl- edge. For information on special sub- jects, consult “The American Cyclopedia of Horticulture,’ “Garden and Forest,” and all the volumes in the Rural Science Series. HOW BIRDS WORK TOGETHER URNSTONE is the name of a variety of shore-birds that are allied to the plovers and the sand-pipers. This name has been given to them because of their singular manner of feeding. With their strong bills they turn over the small stones lying in the sand of the beaches to find the insects that may be sheltered un- derneath. If the stone prove too heavy for the bill, they push it over by applying the breast to the upper side. Frequently a num- ber of these birds will work together to turn over an object that is too heavy for one alone to move. Two little workers were once seen busily endeavoring to turn over a dead fish that was fully six times their size. They were boldly pushing at the fish with their bills and then with their breasts. Their en- deavors were, however, in vain, and the object remained immovable. Then they both went round to the oppo- site side and began to scrape away the sand from beneath the fish. After removing a considerable quantity, they again came back to the spot where they had been, and went once more to work with their bills and breasts, but with as little apparent success as before. Nothing daunted, however, they ran round a second time to the other side and recommenced their trenching opera- tions with a seeming determination not to be baffled in their object, which evidently was to undermine the dead creature before them in order that it might be the more easily overturned. While they were thus employed, and after they had labored in this manner at both sides alternately for nearly half an hour, they were joined by another of their species, which came flying with rapidity from the neighboring rocks. Its timely ar- rival was hailed with evident signs of joy. Their mutual congratulations being over, they all three set to work, and after labor- ing vigorously for a few minutes in removy- ing the sand, they came round to the other side, and putting their breasts to the fish, succeeded in raising it some inches from the sand, but were unable to turn it over. It went down again into its sandy bed to their manifest disappointment. Resting, however, for a space, and with- out leaving their respective positions, which were a little apart the one from the other, they resolved, it appeared, to give the work another trial. Lowering themselves, with their breasts close to the sand, they man- aged to push their bills underneath the fish, which they made to rise about the same height as before. Afterward, withdrawing their bills, but without losing the advantage which they had gained, they applied their breasts to the object. This they did with AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Soft Light [luminates and Decorates An important part of my business is mak- ing electric light globes which subdue the light and produce a beautiful decorative effect. Considering the way in which they trans- form the cold, harsh, bare electric light, they are of equal importance with the light itself. I am not content with making a few styles, because I know that the possibilities for utilizing light are without end. Therefore, I make over 2,000 styles ot meusteor electric shades and globes. They comprise all shapes and kinds, all colors and shades of colors, in silk, satin and velvet finishes. More are coming all the time. Everyone who wants artistic light should use the globes I make. It is just as easy to have decorative light as it is to have just light. sa My newest product is “Alba Glass.” It is especially suit- able for lighting large spaces, buildings, stores, offices and public buildings, because it spreads the light uniformly. It refines the light without sacrificing its brilliancy. It is far superior to frosted globes, double globes and corrugated globes. It accomplishes what all other outdoor lighting glass has heretofore failed to accomplish—perfect diffusion. Your dealer can supply anything I make. If he hasn’t it he will get it. Write for my catalogue. It tells about all my globes, shades and chimneys, and you may have present need for some of them. Let’s have good light since we must have light. That is merely a matter of fitting each light with the shade, globe or chimney I make for it. My catalogue is free. Address MACBETH Macbeth-Evans Glass Company Pittsburgh CuHIcAGo; 178 East Lake Street PHILADELPHIA: 42 South Eighth Street NEw York; 19 West 30th Street BURLINGTON “ii. BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect ing privacy, with doors Hl "Require no” and windows open. ie pockets. Any Darkness and breezes_ wood; any finish. in sleeping rooms. Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO. YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO. 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont Xxii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1911 such force and to such purpose that at last it went over and rolled several yards down a slight declivity. It was followed to some oldwell awn OWeLrsSs distance by the birds themselves before they could recover their bearing. Hand, Horse and Motor TO COLOR TIN SOLDER YELLOW. REPARE first a saturated solution of blue vitriol in water, dip a polishing stick into it with which the place Coldwell’s Motor Lawn Mowers to be soldered is moistened. Touch the spot thus moistened with an iron or steel : wire or rod. If this is frequently repeated Will do the work of three horse copper will be deposited. To produce yel- lawn mowers—and do it better low color, the spot is moistened with a ' x mixture of 1 part of saturated aqueous so- lution of white vitriol and 2 parts of blue vitriol solution by means of a zine rod. The spot is to be finally rubbed with gild- ing powder and polished with the burn- isher. In the case of gilded objects, the coppered spot should be coated with a thin covering of gum or isinglass solution. dusted with bronze powder, and after dry- ing, brushed smooth. For silver articles the coppered place is to be rubbed with sil- vering powder, brushed and polished. POISONOUS PLANTS OME of the plants of the family Cruciferae which grow in pastures are distinctly poisonous. Among these dangerous plants are various species q@ They leave of mustard. The field mustard, or char- q They will mow up 2U per cent grades. no hoof-prints as horses do. They will roll the lawn lock, which is very common in many parts : of France, is particularly dangerous. The smoothly. They do away with the expense of two black mustard appears to be less irritant, but it is not free from poisonous qualities. men and three horses. q They are of no expense Its seeds seriously affect the health cf cows when not in use. They are simple to operate and and make their milk unwholesome. The white mustard is still less poisonous, but economical. € They are a necessity on every large lawn Alafs COnNOH Sp TaVROCSTIE Catalogue sent on request THE TRANSFORMATION OF SEA- WATER INTO FRESH WATER Manufactured by HE belief was prevalent among the savants of the 17th and 18th cen- ] M turies that a hermetically sealed Cold VW Cc a VW Nh O VV er O. earthen vessel dipped into the sea would fill itself with fresh water. At the pres- ent day it is difficult to say on what this Newburgh, N. Ne belief was grounded. It rae could not have been evoked by experiment. In a similar sense Marsigl, the founder of oceanology, made in the year 1725 an ex- periment which effected the filtration of sea-water through a system of fifteen pots “Ti. filled with washed garden-earth or sand The Schilling Press and so placed as s let the water fall as if in a cascade. It is stated that the palate disclosed a definite diminution of Beauty and Comfort Combined With the Honest Skill of Sweden is Yours if You Use Ericsson Venetian Blinds | | ————#rinters——— W the presence of salt. Similar assertions aE IN Ss : EDEN BOOK AND CATALOG are everywhere current among seamen. ee ee nerena? ado ws end a WORK OF ALL KINDS A scientific test of the endeavor to free “Bli dB k for P le Who Can See” @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty salt from water was recently made by the mM DOR Tone ape Oar French investigator Thoulet. His report, and appreciate art and luxury in house equipment. 137-139 E. 25th Si.: NEW YORK which appears an the minutes of itemteds PRR Ge ea ag ayoae ocuniesiamell shace and ta reaioved NRG SS émie des Sciences of Paris, states that the roller shade. Write for the “BLIND BOOK”’ today—NOW. It’s free to ‘PEOPLE WHO CAN SEE,”’ Ask for Booklet D. SWEDISH VENETIAN BLIND CO.,1123 Broadway, New York, N.Y. presence of salt can be reduced by filtra- tion. Forty centimeters of the length of a glass tube, which was one meter long and was placed in a perpendicular position, was filled with sea-sand, and the rest of the will be recom- tube was filled with sea-water; portions of BOOKS mended and sup- the filtrate were examined at intervals of the experiment to ascertain its density and plied by our well 2 o RELATING TO equipped Book chemical composition. The result was that 1 Department. in the initial stage of the experiment den- ett ark is : sity as well as saline content were found to . See MUNN & CO. be moderately reduced; very soon there- Furniture Rugs — 361 Broadway after both recovered their original value. Ceramics, ete. NEW YORK |] The early decrease of value is explained by the mechanical attraction which every April, r91t1 No More Need to Fuss and Fume because the pesky grass won’t come up. It wil] come up quickly, surely—and it will come up anywhere if you sow KALAKA The Wizard Lawn Producer Sown like common seed; comes up anywhere All it needs is occasional moisture and soil. Kalaka is a mixture of selected grass seed and an animal manure, dried, purified and in a highly concentrated form. All dust, dirt, chaff and weed seeds are absolutely elimin- ated. The mixing is done by machinery, the proportions are exact and based on the experience of skilled horticulturists, who have thus afforded a means by which a per- son skilled or unskilled can have healthy Green Grass and a rugged turf on any kind of ground. Sown like any seed but goes further—seeds alarger area. The easiest way to make grass come up and the surest. Try it. Put up in 5-lb. boxes, shipped express pre- paid, east of Missouri River on receiptof price, $1.00, or west of the River for $1.25. If your dealer can’t supply you, order at once direct. Let us send you our instructive free booklet ‘“‘How To Make a Lawn.” Write tonight. 2 825 Exch Ave. a PaNy, © “Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. aS eng The Kalaka Com WE CAN BEAUTIFY Your Garden Lawn Fountains, Drinking Fountains, Vases, Statuary, Chairs, Tables, Trellis, Gypsy Pots, Omaments, Chimes and Musical Gardens Let us tell you about our latest production A ROSE BUSH ORNAMENT Exceedingly Beautiful and Attractive. The gentle zephyrs playing on the roses produce a ringing sound of ethereal sweetness and pro- nounced variety of tone. Send at once for beautifully illustrated book Call at our Show Room when in New York AMERICAN GARDEN BEAUTIFYING CO., 630 frat ave: e ene e The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. $2 postpaid q plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti- , such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE aia CYCLONE Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, stimulate in boys the creative spirit. om- i ENCES and Gates for Farm, Home -4 papa F Parks, or Cemeteries. ; 2 s ; & Increase roperty values. trong, Lasting. Handsome. Easily erected — ail i heighis up to 10 feet. Our catalog and prices will interest you. Wepay freight. 75 CYCLONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE Co. 1235 “ast 55th Street Cleveland, Ohio (EET AEN { Have a Green, Velvety Lawn’ A Top Dressing of ZARD RADE BRAND marx Pulverized Sheep Manure is the surest, quickest way. Produces most wonderfulresults. Easily applied and economical touse. No weeds or foreign grasses. A pure, natural fertilizer most effective and satisfactory for expert or amateur. Now is the time to apply. per bbl. Freight prepaid east of Missouri River. Write for quan- tity prices. Ask for copy of valu- able booklet, “Lawn & Garden.”’ $490 The Pulverized Manure Company 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill. Wizard Brand is handled by first-class seedsmen. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS chemically neutral body exercises on the molecules of a substance in solution as soon as the body comes in contact with the solu- tion. In nature, too, sand fails to effect the separation of salt. Through shipwrecked seamen it became known that relatively fresh water may be found on very low and barren coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean by digging to a trifling depth in the coral sand. It is not, however, as was supposed, sea- water freed from salt through the layers of sand, but is simply rain water that is re- tained by a sandy stratum and by it pro- tected from admixture with the sea-water. Similar phenomena may be observed on the European coasts. They may be considered the key to the popular belief, now contra- dicted, that sea-water can be sweetened by filtration through sand. HUNTING wiITH THE Eskimos. By Harry Whitney. New York: The Century Company, 1910. 8vo; 453 pp. Price, $3.50. This is a unique record of a sportsman’s year among the northernmost tribe—its big game hunting, the native life, and the bat- tle for existence through the long Arctic night. It is illustrated with photographs by the author and is a timely and sumptu- ous book. Mr. Harry Whitney has brought out of the Arctic a remarkable and absorb- ing narrative of thrilling adventures and unusual experiences. It is a narrative un- like any other description of Arctic life and travel. It is a distinctive and valuable contribution to the literature of the region. Not only will it interest and hold the sportsman and lover of wilderness adven- ture, but from an ethnic standpoint it con- tains much that is new concerning the Highland Eskimos, the most northerly in- habitants of the earth. The chief feature of the narrative, however, is adventure. The imaginative writer could hardly pic- ture more thrilling incidents and_hair- breadth escapes than fell to the lot of Mr. Whitney and his Eskimo companions on their hunts for bear, walrus, or musk-ox, on the trail; on the sea, or at times when they were overtaken by the fearful storms and hurricanes characteristic of the region. Hardly a chapter but contains an unusual adventure. Mr. Whitney is a very modest man, however, and in his record he has so undervalued the hazard and peril of many of the positions in which he was placed, that one must read between the lines to fully appreciate them. Oxtp ENcLisH INSTRUMENTS oF MuSIC. By Francis W. Galpin. London: Meth- uen & Co. The Rey. Francis W. Galpin’s name is well known to antiquaries in this country, partly because of the assistance which he gave in arranging and cataloguing the old musical instruments in the Crosby-Brown collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. From so distinguished a student in the domain of antique musical instruments, we cannot but expect a work of authority, and this expectation Mr. Galpin has ful- filled in the book before us. The subject is so vast in extent that it is difficult in- deed to compress, as Mr. Galpin has done, in a space of 314 pages, and in a form which would satisfy both the general reader and the student, an amount of material which is truly enormous. Although the book is confined almost entirely to English XXili “Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties” A book full of human interest, and entirely unlike any other American catalog. A beautifully illustrated and comprehensive list of all the essentials of the Hardy Garden. An English writer says, “It surpasses any American catalog I have seen, and is equalled by but few in Europe, and as regards the Iris and Peony I consider it the standard authority.” I wish every reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who is interested in growing hardy plants might have this hook, as it makes friends for me everywhere, and I would like to count you among them. WYOMISSING NURSERY, Bertrand H. Farr, 643 E. Penn St., Reading, Pa. WAGNER PARI. 12ROSES*1 All strong, healthy, well-rooted plants, no two alike. All correctly labeled, true to name. With ordinary care will give a splendid lot of exquisite buds and flowers this year... Try this set, Order to-day. ; “Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings” a book of invaluable information on Floriculture and Landscape- Gardening. Also lists the famous ‘"Wagner’’ Roses, Shrubs, Trees, etc. Fully illustrated. Its FREE. Write for it how. WAGNER PARK NURSERIES, Box 609, Sidney, Florists—N urserymen—Landscape-Gardeners Ohio Roofed and Sided with ~ _READY-TO-LAY ®@ (REG.U S. PAT. OFF.) BURLAP INSERTED MATERIAL The BEST by TEST For ROOFING and SIDING RESIDENCES, SUMMER HOMES, COTTAGES, BUNGALOWS, GARAGES, BARNS, CHURCHES, BUSINESS AND FACTORY BUILDINGS, ETC. Artistic and Attractive in Appearance — Durable and Inexpensive, Practical and Easily Applied, with Superior Fire-Retardative and Storm-Resisting Qualities to meet Extreme Weather Conditions—Sparks, ail, Sleet, Sliding Ice, Rain, Snow, or the Ex- tremes of COLD and HEAT do not affect the Superior Upper Coating of “Burmite,” which is made in two separate and distinct Surfaces, i.e. BIRD-SAND and “Twolayr” SLATE-CHIPS bind PENDING To make yourself acquainted with this up-to-date Material for Roofing and Siding Buildings of CONCRETE, BRICK, STONE, FRAME or other Construction—be they NEWor OLD, WRITE TODAY for our SAMPLES and BOOKLET, “Burmite Quality Counts” Illustrated with Buildiazs. beautifully printed in colors, showing effect of BURMITE MATERIAL applied as a Roofing and Siding. Mailed free of all charses ard oblizaticn. Bermingham & Seaman Co., Roofing Mfrs. Chicago GEN. OFFICES: 1208-1226 Tribune Blds. PLANT: 56th, Armitace ard Grord Aves. SSCSCSU CRT EERE Eee e eee eR eee eee = Bermingham & Seaman une Blds. Chicazo ® Mail to my ad bove, Booklet. This pla Distributors of Beaver Board Buff: Chicago Cincinnati i Green Bay, Oklahoma City, an Memphi Nashville, Tenn. Pittsburg, Pa. § Richmond, Va. St. Louis, Mo. » T Sine St. Paul, Minnesota. Tp eM AEROS DDD OOM oS . = AH. &C XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, rg1t FLOORS A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - -New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. ‘Fireproofing Departments: t ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK ppstington: Rogie Supply Co., Colorado Bldg. Seu Francisco: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg. icago: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River St. eattle, Wash.: L. A. Norris, 909 Al ildi Buffalo, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. a Aa ate Parti- tions T is far from our intention to create the impression that our stock is high priced. It is, however, exclusive in design, and it is also true that we have had the patronage of the most discrimi- nating and particular people in all parts of the country. The reputation of our furniture has been built upon distinctive features, such as, the simple artistic lines of our de- signs, solid construction, and a variety of custom finishes. Our cottage furniture is especially adapted for both Shore or Country houses where a simple, harmonious and artistic effect is desired, conforming with the sur- roundings, and yet not sacrificing one’s comfort. Shipments are carefully crated, insur- ing safe delivery. Send for complete set No.1! of over 200 illustrations, WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO. MANUFACTURERS 32 Canal Street a ss Boston, Mass. musical instruments, it goes without saying that it is applicable to European antique musical history in general. In a perusal of the painstaking treatise of Mr. Galpin, one cannot but feel that our stock of useful books is decidedly enriched. In AND Our oF FLoreNce. A New Intro- duction to a Well-Known City. By Max Vernon. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1910.” 12mor ont om Price, $2.50 net. This is a kind of guide book or introduc- tion to Florence, both for those who actu- ally are coming or have come to it, and for those who can come only in the spirit. It tells something about Florence and the Florentines of to-day as well as about those glorious people of the earlier centuries. Finally, it tells also something of how one may become, with the least trouble and ex- pense and most advantage and interest, tem- porarily a Florentine. The illustrations are from both drawings and photographs, and are very pertinent to the text. There is an excellent bibliography of books on Florence at the back of the book. The chapters re- lating to various galleries are particularly interesting, while the information which is conveyed about servants, marketing and housework is extremely valuable. HEALTH PROGRESS IN THE ADMINISTRATION or THE West INpiEsS. By Sir Rubert W. Boyce, M.D., F.R.S. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1910. 8vo.; 328 pp. Price, $3.50. The epitomized record of the progress or sanitation and sanitary administration in the West Indies is the outcome of a visit which the author paid to the West Indies in 1909 in order to investigate an epidemic of yellow fever which was present in the colonies of Barbados at the time. While making the investigations on the subject of yellow fever in Barbados, he was requested by the Governor of the Windward Islands and the Governors of Trinidad and British Guiana to prolong his stay and visit their respective territories and report upon the health conditions obtaining in these colo- nies. The results of the author’s experi- ments as described in the present volume is of value not only to the medical and business man, but also to the tourist who wishes to reside in or visit these beautiful colonies. The book is beautifully illus- trated with interesting half-tones. NauticaL Science. In Its Relation to Practical Navigation. Together with a Study of the Tides and Tidal Cur- rents. By Charles Lane Poor, Pro- fessor of Astronomy in Columbia University. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1910. 8vo.; 31 illustrations; 11 plates; 329 ‘pp Price, $2. Astronomy finds its most practical ap- plication in navigation. However, many a navigator knows very little astronomy, as most of the astronomical matter which is necessary for the guiding of his vessel is presented to him in the form of tables and formule which he accepts without inquir- ing into their mathematical significance. The present work attempts to explain in non-technical language and without the use of complicated mathematical formulz the fundamental facts and principles that form the basis of all navigational methods. A large part of the book is devoted to an explanation of tides and tidal currents, and their causes, giving the recent researches of Dr. Harris, which show that the tides of each ocean basin are practically inde- pendent of those of the rest of the world. [[gaane awl ee ate SS you want to know authoritatively the best soil location, method of planting, etc., for the various flowers, vegetables and plants. . Hundreds of cultural articles in z= Dreer’s Garden Book give just this information in clearand convenient manner. Forexample: Howto grow flowers from seed, both Annuals and Perennials. How to grow Roses —situation, preparation of beds, planting and summer care, pruning, etc. Similar treatment of Asters, Pansies, Dahlias, Sweet Peas, Palms, Water Lilies, and so on. Complete cultural instruction for growing al] kinds of vegetables from seed time to harvest. Seventy-third annual edition increased to 288 pages, nearly 1000 illustrations, 8 color and duo-tone plates. Describes over 1200 vari- eties of Flower Seeds, 600 of Vegetables, 2000 of Plants, besides Hardy Shrubs, Small Fruits, etc., etc. Sent free on request to anyone if this magazine is mentioned HENRY A. DREER, prnapevena The Scientific American Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the Holidays HIS book is a sequel to ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand Ai copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witu the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy”’ so popular and interesting to the boy. “ It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter II., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A ‘Pedal Paddle-Boat’’; Chapter VIII. Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVII, The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter XXL, Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIIL, The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., pe Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXVII., Geyser ountain. 5 ; MUNN & CO., Publishers 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY Three Links that Connect Biltmore Nursery and You First. The Biltmore Nursery Books—which help you to plan your planting and to select the plants, Secomds the mans I which the plants are shipped from Biltmore Nursery to you, by express or freigh> ‘Whhird., the select strains of Biltmore Nu plants, which result in beauty and utility in after years, it will be just as much trouble then as now, and you'll have to wait just that much longer for the full beauty of the trees and shrubs. Biltmore Nursery can fill your orders promptly —because of a good business organization. any where in the United States—because they are propagated high in the North Carolina mountains, where the extremes of climate give great hardiness. Biltmore Nursery products will start off into vigorous growth as soon as transplanted—because they have been bred, and fed and trained to make them do just that. Have You a Biltmore Nursery Book? If not, write today for the one you need Biltmore Nursery Catalogue—A guide to the cultivated pla shrubs and trees of North America-196 pages, fully illustrated — Perenni Flowering Shrubs, Evergreens, Deciduous Trees and Vines. “*Flowering Trees and Shrubs’’—0f particular interest to owners of small grounds; 64 pages and covers, exceptionally fine illustrations, showing typical plantings in gardens, lawns and yards, ‘Hardy Garden Flowers ’’—Devoted to perennial plants; 64 pages and covers, richly illustrated from special photographs showing a wide 1ange of subjects from dooryard planting to formal effects. Select the book you need—we will gladly send it upon request. Write BILTMORE NURSERY BILTMORE, N. C. BILTMORE BILTMORE. NoohY BOX 1044 BOBBINK & ATKINS WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS SPRING PLANTING The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery, and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our Nursery consists of 250 acres of highly cultivated land and is planted with a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size. BH oses—lIt is important to place orders at once, Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants— while we have several hundred thousand in Hundreds of thousands of new, rare and popu- choice new and popular kinds, We are often lar varieties of these old-time favorites. sold out of many varieties, causing disappoint- Evergreens, Conifers and Pines ment. —More than 75 acres of our Nursery are Rhododendrons—Many thousand of planted with handsome specimens. acclimated plants in hardy English and Ameri- Boxwood—wWe grow thousands of plants can varieties are growing in our Nursery. in many shapes and sizes, Everybody loves Flowering Shrubs in a Large the aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. WVariety—We make a specialty of them | Decorative Plants—We have 250,000 and can do plantings or fill orders of any size. square feet of greenhouses in which we grow Ornamental Shade, Weeping Palms for conservatories, house and exterior and Standard ‘Trees—200,000 of decorations. these in all kinds can be seen in our Nursery, Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary We grow them for every place and purpose. Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Bay Trees— Our display of these fascinating — We grow these for all kinds of Orchards, Trees is larger this season than ever. We are Hedge Plants—we grow hundreds of growing many hundreds of perfect specimens. thousands of California Privet, and other Mardy Trailing and Climbing Hedge Plants adapted for all parts of the Vimes—wWe grow immense quantities for country. all kinds of plantings. Bulbs and Roots—spring, Summer Lawn Grass Seed—our Rutherford and Autumn flowering. Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction Tu bs—wWe manufacture all shapes and sizes. everywhere. Ask for special list. Our New Lllustrated General Catalogue No. 90 will tell you about the above and all our other products for Lawns and Gardens We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere We can make Old Gardens New and New Gardens O!d with our World’s Choicest Nursery Products Visitors take Erie R.R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, three minutes walk to Nursery BOBBINK & ATKINS, Rutherford, N. J. Nurserymen, Florists and Planters "HRP pees 0 7 SARTRE FONSI AK AE RH ese Hie "y oi P My, “. oy, oR, ge . Se, TESST EEE Ci DES ere & x RLM SEERA EERE IIR USEROUR SD IEERITETEHD aes, Ge oe “ SIS SEITEN SRLOERGATTS (SNARES =H a ¢ go a « E a &. Te Be, od Ga Si | wt SEELEY SARK CREE SNES AS HOW TO GET THIS EFFECT ON YOUR HOUSE WITH SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PRODUCTS Bopy—S W P 393 ‘RIMMING—S W P 462 SasH—S W P 462 Roor—S-W Preservative Shingle Stain C-i1 PokcH FLooR—S-W Porch and Deck Paint 50 Poro#k CEMLING—S W P 462 EXTERIOR Dooks—S-W Handcraft Stain Old English Oak Before you decide what colors to paint your house send for our free portfolio of exterior color schemes, containing 15 attractive color combinations. The advantage of this portfolio is that it shows houses in colors. It is always difficult to select pleasing color combinations from color cards. It is also dithcult to select the paint, varnish or stain best suited to the surface it is to cover. This portfolio not only suggests many harmonious combina- tions but also contains complete specifications for securing the results shown, naming the particular paint, varnish or stain which will make these pleasing results permanent. Send for portfolio today. You incur no obligation by doing so. Ifit brings you to a better use of good paints and teaches you to distinguish between paint that spreads well, holds its color and protects and paint that does not, it will serve its purpose. If after receiving the portfolio you wish other color sugges- tions, send us a photograph of your house and we will prepare and send you, without cost or obligation, specially worked out color combinations adapted to your requirements. SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS &VARNISHE This is a miniature reproduction of the veranda in our Cottage Bungalow portfolio. This port- folio presents a complete plan for interior decorations. Each room in the house is shown in colors, accompanied by complete specifications for producing the effects shown. Even the rugs, draperies, hangings and furniture are included. If you are going to build, remodel or redecorate you will find this portfolio most help- ful. You can adapt any or all of the suggestions it containsto your own home, or we will, upon re- ceipt of a complete description of your house, prepare special suggestions without cost. This service of our Decorative Depart- ment is at your disposal and is offered without charge. STENCILING “Stencils and Stencil Materials,’’ a helpful and suggestful book for decorating and beautifying the home and the things in it, is sent free upon request to anyone who will ask for it. Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask your local dealer for color cards and full information For the Special Home Decoration Service write to The Sherwin-Williams Co.. Decorative Dept., 668 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio - ANNUAL SMALL HOUSE NUMBER — —_ Seen porrosc peer pe FOOTIE - = - ~~; we memes gare MAY, 1911 MUNN AND COMPANY, Inc., Publishers PRICE 50 CENT Vol. VIIL, No. 5 NEW YORK, N, Y. $3.00 A YEAR HALL CLOCKS @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine “Willard” or Banjo Clock, and several other kinds. @ If your local jeweler does not sell our clocks, send direct for our new illustrated catalog. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS Waltham, Massachusetts l 7. Pll ti > In building the home—cottage—bungalow—nothing is more vital to a finished and artistic appearance than the woodwork of which the doors stand out most prominent. ‘They must harmonize with the other woodwork—be properly finished—durable—artistic—rich. Such are Chehalis Fir Doors Built to swing true as long ason hinges; offer the unlimited pos- sibilities of lavishly finished mahogany, walnut or oak minus the price. The only way you can, tell Chehalis Fir Doors from the more expensive w ods is by the grain which _a itself when properly finished is beautiful beyond description. first concern to realize the future of the FIR DOOR. will make the Fir Doors the Door of the Future. Chehalis Fir Doors are built with vertical grain stiles, rails and slash grain panels—the best built doors on the market and built by the Increasing price of pine and monopoly of spruce by paper mills, Be ahead of the times; beautify your home now with the most | artistic, most economical door made—Chehalis FIR. ASK FOR catalogue C; itis free. Tell us, please, the name of your architect and dealer. If building, we want you to know about CHEHALIS FIR DOORS whether specified or not. Send 10 cents for samples of wood finished in some of the most popular stains. CHEHA IR DOOR CO. - Chehalis, Wash. EMAL A ohn Dove Foe of ree Surge AEDS, President's Office Moline Plow Co. Moline, I. George Avthur Stephens, President Davey Tree Expert Ce Gentlemen 1 »mpany, Kent, Ohio ---Replying to your letter of February 3rd, which has not had my March 13, 1911 =fore because of my absence for the Winter, | beg to advise you that my king very good. Some ofthe old elms in the front of my property were o deteriorate I think with the treatment you have given them they will come through all right and remain live sentinels for many, many years, shielding my residence from too great familiarity of the hot summer suns. lo f < upon the w ork with very great satisfaction and am glad every time I look at the trees that they have had your scientifically intelligent attention. Most sincerely, Signed (G. A. STEPHENS) Cone Export & Commission Co.—Southern Cottons. 74 aud 76 Worth St., The Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, O. New York, and Greensboro, N. C. New York, N. Y., February 14, 1911 Gentlemen: ---Your favor of the 4th instant was forwarded to me from Greens- boro, N.C. Replying to your inquiry, would state that the trees on my place, which your representative treated, appear to have done very well and I believe have been benefited by the work done on them. methods to anyone who wishes to preserve their trees. You Pay for the Expert Treatment of Your Trees Whether or Not They Receive the Benefit of It You must pay in cash for really expert treatment of your trees, if their lives are to be preserved and prolonged. You must pay as much or more in the lessened beauty and utility of the trees, and ultimately in the loss of the trees themselves, if you do not employ expert service for their care. Most trees have some defects. Often these cannot be detected except by experts, but if not checked they become rapidly worse. Decay or physical weakness in trees grow in serious- ness until the trees go to pieces. Which can you best afford; to lose the trees, or pay the price of saving them? The Davey Tree Expert CGo., Inc., 1 take pleasure in recommending your Signed (CEASAR CONE) Trees Are Saved Only by Tree Experts Untrained Tree-Men Do Them Only Harm Through years of study and work, John Davey discovered the correct principles of tree preservation. The new science of tree surgery is taught only in the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery. Its practice by trained men, under a responsible organization, is confined to the staff of the Davey Tree Expert Company. The service of the Davey Tree Experts is now available from the Missouri River to the Atlantic Ocean. The cost is insigni- ficant, in the light of the money saved. Write us if you owna fine home surrounded by beautiful trees. have, kinds, location, and in what condition they appear to be. 125 Ash Street, KENT, OHIO (Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery) Tell us number trees you May, I911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS itis combines distinction in appearance with solid worth. lts artistic designs add to the beauty and appreciable value of a building. Its wearing quality, founded on fine metals and thorough workmanship, eliminates repair bills and assures sat- -isfactory service. Give your personal attention to the selection of hardware for your home. ‘The pleasure of having artistic and harmonious fittings will alone. repay you. Sargent Hardware offers wide latitude for your personal taste within har- monious bounds. It includes many designs in each school and period of architecture. The Sargent Book of Designs is mailed free. Write for it. It contains many illustrations and helpful suggestions in selecting building hardware. A Colonial Book is also sent on request. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York Sargent Locks are v | a srt _ Ee 2S al Sa i ad ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, t911 S =) > =| NEW BOOKS § S THe Art oF THE Municu GALLertigs, By Florence Jean Ansell and Frank Roy Fraprie. - Boston: UL. (© ‘Page @ssGoe 1910. 12mo.; 448 pp. Price, $2. This volume is uniform with the others in the series entitled “The Art Galleries of Europe.” The present volume is to be a history of the progress of the art of paint- ing, illuminated and demonstrated by crit- j ical descriptions of the great paintings in 4 the Munich gallery. The section relating i to the Schack collection is interesting, as ar the books on painting do not usually take : in this gallery. Shortly after Schack’s | death in 1894, the gallery was hung in his | late palace, which was rearranged for the purpose, and the collection has now been removed to the new building, which was opened the past year, opposite the Bavarian National Museum. The collection of copies in this gallery is remarkable. The authors make the curious statement that in this gallery are represented a few more “painters who tried to be artists.’ Bock- lin’s famous Villa on the Sea (Villa am Meer) is in this collection. Fifteen years ago a book as handsomely illustrated as the present one would have been a novelty. The book merits a wide sale, both on ac- count of literary worth and good clothing. As is customary with these progressive publishers, they have given the book a very ° appropriate binding. The Dane Of the Farm Have ever been splendid examples of health and vigor—while their city cousin often deprived of outdoor exercise and invigorating country air—finds the need of such a life-giving tonic as MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR PLUMBERS. By R. M. Starbuck. New York: siaihe Norman W. Henley Publishing Com- pany, 1910: Price S50; This is not the first book that Mr. Star- buck has produced on plumbing. His “Modern Plumbing Illustrated” and “Standard Practical Plumbing” have been very well received in the trade. In this latest work he has supplied a want that has long been felt by the practical plumber ; in other words, he has given us a simply written book on the manner of mak- ing drawings for plumbing purposes, and has told how they may be effectively used. The drawings in the book are large and clear. ANHEUSER BUScy. WMNiulvine Because every bottle is filled with the strength and vitality of rich Northern barley fields and the nerve building powers of fragrant Bohemian Saazer Hops. Declared by U. S. Revenue Department A Pure Malt Product and not an alcoholic beverage. Sold by druggists and grocers. ANHEUSER-BUSCH ST. LOUIS, MO. | x DIAGRAMS FOR DESIGNING REINFORCED Sample and Py A House Lined with CoNcrETE Structures. Including Dia- Circular 4 grams for Reactions and Strengths of Steel Beams. By G. F. Dodge. New . York and Chicago: The Myron C. : Clark Publishing Company, 1910. Ob- . = long, 13x16 inches. 104 pp. Price, Free $4. as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, The author, like many other engineers Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. designing in reinforced concrete, has often wished for some method of reducing the tedious detail calculations resulting from the diverse properties of the materials being The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and used. Many methods have been and are in keeps out dampness. use at present, but all of these whether in tabular or diagrammatic form, are based on more or less inflexible approximate CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED formulz which introduce quite consider- In able errors if the proportions of the com- ° posite structure vary materially from those U. S. Mineral Wool Co. assumed in deriving the formule on which eae the method is based. A method to be uni- M] CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY versally acceptable must be based on theo- ety retical formula and embody all of the re- quirements that occur in the building ordi- nances that govern construction in the VERTICAL SECTION, May, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii various localities. It must be rapid and accurate in its applications, and if possible give at a glance the final result of changing any one or more of the assumed variables of design. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF OIL Encines. By A. H. Goldingham. New York: Spon & Chamberlain, 1910. 16mo.; 260 pp. Price, $2.50. This work has been written with the in- tention of supplying practical information regarding the kerosene or oil engine, and in response to frequent requests received by the writer to recommend such a book. While many works have been published on the subject of gas engines, some of which refer to or describe the working of the oil engine, no other book, it is believed, is devoted entirely to the oil engine in de- tail. The work, it is hoped, will be found useful to the draftsman, the engine. at- tendant, as well as to those who own or are about to install oil engines. The classi- fication of vaporizers has. been adhered to as made some few years ago, and a repre- sentative engine with each type is described. ArTxKrnson’s SicN Partntinc Up to Now. By Frank H. Atkinson. Chicago: Frederick J. Drake & Co., 1910. Ob- long 4to.; 378 pp. Price $3. This is a very handsome book on sign painting and the design of show cards with valuable alphabets, which contain 96 de- signs of lay-outs and accompanying color notes. There are 75 alphabets embracing all standard styles, their modifications and alterations, together with comprehensive text covering all practical phases of the art. There are a number of illustrations in the first part of the book showing how the work is actually done. These are specially valuable and we have not the same in any other book. The work seems to be emi- nently practical and the technical matter re- flects the best usage in vogue at the present day. Tue MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE. Compiled by Bruce Millard. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1910. 16mo.; 438 pp. Price, $2.25 net. The present volume is a standard up-to- date compendium for Mediterranean trav- elers and contains pertinent information as to all points usually visited in a winter's cruise in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In fact, with its use the student can successfully travel without other descriptive aid. It is particularly valuable, as Baedeker’s “Mit- telmeer” has not been translated into Eng- lish as yet. The. book, which is light in weight, is well printed in good-size type, thus doing away with the objection to most guide books. Wuat Pictures TO SEE IN EUROPE IN One SumMMeER. By Lorinda Munson Bryant. New York: John Lane Com- pany, 1910. 16mo.; 183 pp. Price, $1.50 net; postage, 15 cents additional. The average European traveler is over- whelmed by the enormous collections which are to be found in even the cities of second- ary importance. Thus, even in places like Nancy, Lyons, and Turin, we find impres- sive collections which require a long visit to thoroughly appreciate. The object of the present book is to eliminate the ninety-nine pictures and to concentrate the reader’s at- tention on the one remaining. The idea is an excellent one and has been well carried out. There is very little to be said in criti- cism of the text, but some of the illustra- tions are ridiculously and unnecessarily small, such as the “Moretto” in the Acad. emy at Venice, shown in Fig. 46. HE fastest thing in motion—living or me- chanical—cannot escape the detection of the » Bausch” lomb feiss Tessar [ENS But speed is only one quality of this famous camera lens, which can be used for snapshots on grey days, and for difficult exposures in weak light when other lenses fail. Acquaint yourself with the many wonderful results achieved with the Tessar lens by young ama- teurs, as well as those of long ex- perience. Booklet J treats of better photography in an interesting manner. Write for it to-day. Our name, backed by ovcr half a century of ¢ xperience, ison all our products—lenses microscopes, field glasses, laboratory appar atus, engineering and other scientific in- struments, Bausch €9 lomb Optical ©. NEW YORK WASHINGTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO LONDON ROCHESTER .NY. FRANKFORT A e is within the reach of all who build, be that % A Beautiful Home oe large es eal “Artistic, Couples Plans Pai) from a good Architect are what is needed. I am that good Architect. Write to me. i) My books are: : New Picturesque Cottages (1910), designs from $3,500 up. Book of Bungalows, one and one and a half story, #1; Se up. . Picturesque poeunben Houses, designs from $3,000 ummer Cottages, from $1,000 to $4, 000. Rochuretaue Camps, Cabins and Shacks, designs from $300 is 6 The five books sent at one time for $5. 00° E. E. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. The Pruden System Portable Fi ireproo N A Pruden Unit-Built Home Garage will quickly pay for itself in the rent it saves. Keeps your auto handy—sate G 2 5 from fire, weather and vandalism. Made ofinterlockingunits ara Ss e€ of heavy galvanized steel. No framing whatever required. Set up in one or two days by yourself or inexperienced ~ help. Extremely strong and durable. Never costs more, often less than wood. Ideal cottages, hunting lodges, boat houses, work shops, etc., are quickly set up by the Pruden System of Portable Fireproof Construction. Send for Catalog, giving full particulars of building in which you are interested. Please write today. THE METAL SHELTER CO., 5-60 West Water Street. St. Paul, Minn. FREE care of Lawns as) This free book tells how to make and maintain a beautiful, thick, even-growing lawn. It explains the right kind of soil, how to drain it, how to prepare the seed-bed, how to keep down weeds, how to kill ants and ground moles, and covers many other important points that must be known in order to make a good lawn. vq DUNHAM ROLLERS “««« The Dunham Roller for paths, lawns and tennis courts has automobile roller bearings and axle construction. The weights are hung on the outer ends giving only two inches of friction against ten to twenty-two inches in others, making the Dunham 44% \ | WN LON, easier to operate than any other roller. Zi The Dunham Roller is the strongest, easiest to operate and most economical roller produced. THE DUNHAM COMPANY 444 Fisst Avenue Largest Manufacturers in the World of Land Rollers, Soil Pulverizers and Packers for All Purposes Eastern Office: The Dunham Company, 6 Albany Street, Dept.G. New York City iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Save $20 to $20 Yearly onYourCoal Coal Cost is a Yearly Cost The Boiler Carries the Burden To be economical, the boiler should be so designed as to enable every part to do ita special work perfectly, to be durable and easily cleaned. Results obtained by users of our Locomotive Steel Boiler surprise us. $15 a Year for 10-Room House Some heat their houses at the very small cost of $1.50 per year per room. The average is about $3 to $4 per room—a saving of about 100 per cent over other boilers. This saving in an 8-room house would in ten years amount to about $320. The Andrews Locomotive Boiler is made of steel plate like big power boilers, Has more fire travel than other boilers and close contact of fire and water enables itto heat quickly on small amount of fuel. Large fire pot and combustion chamber, latest and most efficient grate, all parts and flues easily accessible fur cleaning. ANDREWS LOCOMOTIVE STEEL BOILER Sold on 360 Day Free Trial guaranteed by Bond. EASY TO CLEAN FLUES HERE SOLD se Ve rv Direct | Ye: Se oaser i 2p0R To U Ss E R 1 anak” Some hares eS mi hy Get our Free Estimate and BIG BOOK on HEATING, PLUIIBING, AIR-PRESSURE WATER SUPPLY and SEWAGE DISPOSAL. Valuable to new house builders and old house owners. Please send two names of parties who might buy. ANDREWS HEATING COMPANY 1182 Heating Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. FRANCIS HOW ARD New Studios 5 W. 28th St., N. Y. EXPERT Send 10 cents for Booklet FONTS VASES BENCHES PEDESTALS eee aN D PONIES An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inex- pensive to keep, Highest type. Complete outfits. Satis- faction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue free. BELLE MFADE FARM Dept. W, Markham, Va. SS IEEE I WANT THE MAN who knows good architecture to send for my new book HOMES OF CHARACTER which illustrates over 40 choice designs of ee cottages and bungalows. « 1 NEW, PRACTICAL plans, with CON- cIse descriptions and ACCURATE COST a ESTIMATES. Compiled by an architect of ABILITY AND 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE in building HOMES. _ $1. 00 prepaid, Sample Pages 2 cents. Complete Working Plans from Joun Henry Newson :/h ARCHITECT im 1245 WILLIAMSON BUILDING CLEVELAND. OHIO _ $10 up I Will Save You Money Let me advise with you as to the cost, needs and work necessary for the pre- servation and complete restoration to health, beauty and utility of your TREES Large amounts of money are expended promis- cuously without adequate and satisfactory results. FIRST OBTAIN AN Entomologist’s Expert Knowledge Reasonable charge for estimating N. Lewis Rich P. O. Box 335 Stamford, Conn. RuHOopDES’s DirREcTORY OF PASSENGER STEAM- ERS. London: George Phillip & Son, Ltdy 910%. A2mon 38 pp nice mple This is a very valuable book for all who are interested in any way in shipping. It gives a list of companies with the names of the vessels under each; then comes a direc- tory of passenger steamers, giving the length, breadth, depth, horse-power, etc., of all vessels. The writer has found this book of great value in comparing tonnages and horse-power in disputed questions which have arisen. There are a number of excellent illustrations in the front of the book. The book is printed on light-weight paper, rendering it very convenient for ref- erence. It is attractively bound. THE Frow or Water. D. Van Nostrand Company, 1909. 8vo.; 228 pp. Price, $3 net. The present work is the outcome of a series of investigations begun several years ago with the object of finding a simple ex- pression for the phenomenon of flow in ir- rigation channels. The author hopes that his work will prove of interest and value to the student and useful to the practical engineer. He also hopes that it will stimu- late further research and thus tend to widen the field of hydraulic knowledge. AppLieD MecuHanics. By David Allen Low, Whitworth Scholar, M.I., Mech. E., Professor of Engineering, East London College, University of London. London, New York, Bombay and Cal- cutta: Longmans, Green & Co., 1909. 551 pp., 850 illustrations. Price, $2.75 net. Mr. Low has succeeded in crowding a great deal of matter between the covers of this text book for engineering students. It embraces strength and elasticity of ma- terials, the theory and design of structures, the theory of mechanics, and hydraulics. The matter is presented in a very clear and concise manner. The author believes thor- oughly in the importance of exercises to fix a subject upon the student’s mind. Accord- ingly a large part of the book is devoted to various exercises, there being 780 in all, 600 of which are original. The remainder have been selected from various examination pa- pers. The book should occupy an important place in the student’s library. Tue Copper HAnpsBoox. A Manual of the Copper Industry of the World. By Horace J. Stevens. Houghton, Mich., 1909. 8vo.; 1,628 pp. The book before us is most important from its vast array of facts as to the vari- ous copper properties of the world. The copper mines in various countries are dealt with, and there is an excellent glossary. There are also chapters on the uses of cop- per; substitutes for copper; brands and grades of copper; alloys of copper; electro- metallurgy of copper; pyro-metallurgy of copper ; hydro- metallurgy of copper ; milling and concentrating of copper; mining of copper; chemistry and mineralogy of cop- per; geology of copper, etc. INsEcT WONDERLAND. By Constance M. Foot. New York: John Lane Com- pany, 1910. Price, $1.25 net. The kind reception given to the author’s little book entitled “Science Through Stories” emboldened the writer to choose for the subject of this volume some sim- ple facts concerning the insect world, and she has selected one or more specimens of each of the seven great orders of the in- sect world according to the Linnean sys- tem of division. Wilson’s Outside Venetiane Blind and Awning Combined For town and country houses. Very durable and artistic. Easily operated from inside. Admit air; exclude sun rays. Special Outside Venetians for porches and piazzas, exclude the sun; admit the breeze, Virtually make an out- door room, Orders should be placed now for early summer. Write for Catalogue 5. Also Inside Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Roll- ing Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Cur- tains, Wood Block Floors. JAS. G. WILSON MFG. CO. 5 West 29th Street Wilson’s Porch and Piazza Blinds New York Three Things YouNeed FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in heavy galvanized bucket with bail. No odors, etc. Away from dogs and cats. The typhoid fly cannot get at it and distribute poisonous germs. Health de- mands it. (ns Garbage Receiver Opens with the Foot SS 5 FE PEN: Teace werk Underfloor Refuse Receiver Underground Earth Closet SECOND: This clean, con-— venient way of disposing of i kitchen ashes, cellar and yard refuse. Doing away with the ash or dirt barrel nuisance, also stores your oily waste and sweep- ings. Fireproof, flush with garage floor. Easy to sweep into 1 THIRD: ls intended to supply a safe and sanitary 4 method for not polluting the water supply, and prevents the danger from the house or typhoid fly } around the camp or farm, disseminating poison to its owner. Sold Direct. Send for Circulars on each. Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass. A Camp Necessity THE PLAN SHOP BUNGALOWS A MOST artistic book of original concep- tions designed specially for the northern climates. It has 64 pages profusely illus- trated with color plates, half-tones, sketches and floor plans. The designer being a native of California has im- bibed the spirit of the true bungalow art, not only through association, but by experience in actual con- struction. This art has been applied in adapting the bungalow to the requirements of the sterner climates ~ of the north. The book is bristling with interest and suggestions for the builder of either a suburban cottage or city residence. Price, Fifty Cents. ROLLIN S. TUTTLE, Architect 630-631 Andrus Building Minneapolis, Minn. May, I9II AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v THE STERILIZATION OF MILK By Dr. M. SEIFERT HE insanitary and economically de- fective method of transporting milk in cans and pouring it repeatedly be- fore it reaches the vessel of the consumer is still in general use. In this way the milk is exposed to contamination of many kinds, and the visible impurities which it collects are not the least dangerous ones. The em- ployment of cans for the transportation and sale of milk is also open to the objec- tion that, even when no fraud is inten- tionally practiced by the dealer, one cus- tomer may receive milk which contains much more than the normal proportion of cream, while another receives what is vir- tually skim milk. Unfortunately, however, the bottles and the method of sealing them which are now in use possess serious de- fects. The so-called patent bottles, which are closed by a porcelain stopper and a rub- ber ring, are condemned by the bacteriol- ogist because they cannot be cleaned and freed of bacteria so perfectly as to make them fit containers for a liquid so prone to decomposition as milk. The bottles cov- ered with paper caps are objectionable be- cause the caps and the mouths of the bot- tles are handled in transport and therefore necessarily become conveyors of germs. Furthermore, it is not practicable to make or to apply the caps by absolutely aseptic processes. The new “uviol” method of bottling milk uses a seal which satisfies every require- ment of bacteriological science and allows a perfectly aseptic handling of the milk. This seal is a disk of tinfoil which is coated on its lower side with a germ-free stiffen- ing material and which comes to the bot- tling room in a germ-free package. The bottles are sterilized before being filled and are sealed by an automatic machine, neither the seal nor the mouth of the bottle coming into contact with a human hand during the operation. Another obstacle to the increased use of milk in large cities is the uncertainty whether the milk comes from healthy or from diseased cows. The old remedy for this state of things consisted in boiling the milk and thereby seriously impairing both its flavor and its nutritive value. The ne- cessity of boiling all milk in order to escape the danger of swallowing disease germs has caused a great many persons to abstain from milk altogether. Those persons who prefer bottled milk in its natural condition to boiled milk are certainly far more nu- merous than those to whom the taste of boiled milk is not disagreeable. It is equally certain that raw milk is more effec- tive than boiled milk in promoting the growth and increasing the blood supply of infants, whose food consists entirely of milk. In the manufacture of butter and cheese, also, sterilization of the milk by some method other than boiling is not only de- sirable, but sometimes absolutely necessary. Although many butter makers pasteurize the milk, it is well known that the process injures the flavor and quality of the butter. The heating of milk used for cheese mak- ing, although it is enjoined by the new (German) cattle plague law, cannot always be employed, because it seriously affects the formation of the curd. In the feeding of calves and pigs, also, experience has proved that better results are obtained from raw than from boiled milk, and the feeding value of such waste products as curds and whey would be greatly increased if they could be used in (Continued on page x) The fragrance of honeyed apple blossoms in May is not more alluring than the goodness of NABISCO Sugar Wafers — dessert confections beyond compare. Serve NABISCO as you will—with ices or beverages — they are always welcome, always appropniate. In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins CHOCOLATE TOKENS — Another delightful dessert confection. Coated with smooth, rich chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT ‘COMPANY “gq SEND 50 CENTS FOR bal 5 () BUNGALOws -—- Camps, Houses, Etc. Suburban Architectural Association Equitable Building, WILMINGTON, DEL. gates, For lawns, dens, ks, ceme- teries, etc” Inexpensive, put neat vdurable and effective, made of No. 9 at crimped wire and coated witha special white paint. Shipped in Follas any length, any height. Booklet on request. ACME WIRE FENCE CO.,/580A ATWATER ST., DETROIT, MICH. BRISTOL'S RECORDING THERMOMETERS For recording atmospheric temperatures RECORDING INSTRUMENT installed either indoors or outdoors. Write for illustrated bulletin. THE BRISTOL CO. WATERBURY, CONN. Country Life in America is all you could desire, if you use “ECONOMY” Gas for Lighting, Cooking, Water Heating, Laun- dry, etc. “It makes the House a Home.” Send stamp today for “ECONOMY WAY.” Economy Gas Machine Co. Rochester, N. Y. “Economy”? Gas is Automatic, Sanitary and Non-Poisonous The Schilling Press Priniers——— BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25th ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WASHINGTON, D. C. National and International Real Estate Transactions The Elite Patronage of the United States GRANT Special A4.—A classical Southern Estate; mansion of 25 rooms, modern luxury, costly buildings, 20 acres of land, fashionable locality and elite section, magnificent park of landscape gardening, forest, terraces. 15 minutes from town, Printed description. , Country Estates de Luxe, residential domains, farms, plantations, elite villas, and marine estates in the aristocratic locations of the United States. Europe—Princely domains, estates, villas, apartments, town houses. Special A2.—Great big hearted Virginia estate, 600 acres, brick residence, 14 rooms, grove, costly buildings, rich soil, blue grass, farm of high char- acter. Will appeal to those seeking a large broad gauge farm that produces profitable results. 2h. from Washington. $36,000. Printed description. Special A3.—Gentleman’s Country Estate, 40 minutes from * White House.”” 80 acres, large handsome brick residence, 16 rooms, command- ing elevation, stately forest grove, delightful Southern all year home on the edge of Washington. $25,000. Printed description, GRANT PARISH, 1429 New York Ave. WASHINGTON, D. C. CONNECTICUT Norwalk, Gonn. And Its Beautiful Surrounding Country We have some very interesting Properties FOR SALE Farms, Estates, Acreage, Gentlemen’s Country Places, Residences on Shore or Inland AT ALL PRICES It would entertain you to look if seeking a place in this section List and particulars given upon request We invite you to write or call H. E. DANN & SON, tnc. Norwalk and South Norwalk, Conn. VIRGINIA CONNECTICUT Md COLONIAL ESTATES ‘(PRODUCTIVE FARMS Largest exclusive dealers in the South Agencies at all principal points SOULE REALTY COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. GREENWICH, CONN. Estates — Acreage Residences, Farms, Shore Properties Now is the time to select A Furnished House on Shore or Inland for the Season I HAVE NOW SEVERAL, CHOICE COUNTRY PLACES Splendid Elevations at surprisingly Low Figures For particulars call or write to Laurence Timmons, “én” Conn. Opposite Railroad Station. Telephone 456 Va. Department M VIRGINIA ESTATE Fine old place in Loudoun County, 125 acres, old stone house, stone cottage and stone outbuild- ings. Fifteen acres timber, 10 acres in fruit. Price $10,000. ARCHIBALD C. FOSS, 39 E. 42nd St., N.Y.C. Wm. S. Meany Tel’s 103-293 Greenwich Conn. Meany Bldg. GREENWICH, CONN. REALTY of all descriptions FOR SALE Country Seats, Estates, Residences, Farms, Acreage, Building Sites Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? Furnished and Unfurnished Houses to Rent for 1911 Season at special prices @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens* new Advertising Section Real Estate Mart’’ Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! “The Would be pleased to have correspondence ora call advising of requirements, 3 ACRES $900 PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” "AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Rowayton, Conn. Tract of land suitable for bungalow site. Fifteen minutes’ walk from railroad station, bathing beach, etc., and 10 minutes from trolley. Thisisabargain, About1)4 hours from New York; easy commuting distance. ARCHIBALD C, FOSS, 39 E. 42nd St., N.Y.C. GREENWICH, CONN. A very attractive new dwelling of stucco and frame construction, reinforced cement tiled piazzas — containing well arranged first floor with large living room, reception room and dining room and excellent domestic offices; 9 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms all told. [he grounds contain about 2% acres of land very attraetively laid out in lawn, shrubs, etc. The property is about 1 mile from the station and the environments are unexcelled. For sale at a most attractive price We would be pleased to prepare a specially selected list of offerings if you will advise us of your principal requirements. Consult FRANKLIN EDSON, RAYMOND B. THOMPSON CO. REAL ESTATE AGENCY SMITH BUILDING GREENWICH, CONN. Telephone, 729 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii beautiful trees. Mart,’’ care of. CONNECTICUT NEW YORK o> ACRES $800 Small farm in Dutchess Co., N.Y., suitable for summer home or camp. Farm house, 6 rooms, running spring water at the door; barn with stone basement. Apple Orchard, Pears, Trout Brook. One mile from nearest railroad station and 4 miles from town. ARCHIBALD C. FOSS, 39 E. 42nd St., N.Y.C. a a omnaene 25 oe COME AND SEE THIS 42-ACRE, allfarm, in finest shape as to tillage, allfruits, splendid big garden; % mile to R.R. Station and school. Big house, water, electric light, out build- ings and barns, a!l good. River. Price $12,000, 1% cash. LAWRENCE AGENCY ( South Norwalk, Connecticut J LONG BEACH, L. I. On the ocean. Thirty-five minutes to New York Building Sites and Residences for Sale Furnished Houses for Rent FREDERICK P. JONES 225 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK ROOM 804-806 Telephone, 7874 Madison ee ESTATE COUNTRY About 12 Acres with a fine Beach. 725 feet of Water Frontage Located on a High Bluff At Shippan Point, Stamford, Conn. Beautiful and Extensive Views East and South Over Long Island Sound A The House is built of stone and tile, modern and attractive in its architecture and appoint- ments. Freight Elevator, large Porch on three Sides. 17 Rooms, 4 Bathrooms Grounds in superb order. Beautiful shade trees and a variety of young fruit trees. Full grown hedges, rare and abundant shrubbery, Large stable, 7-room cottage, cow and chicken houses. WILL SELL FOR $115,000 or will quote price on any portion desired I have a variety of choice FARMS AND ACREAGE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES with Sound and Country Views AND BUILDING SITES Suitable for with delightful views over land and water Country Homes or Estates in and about Stamford’s best Sections at all Prices FURNISHED HOUSES FOR THE SEASON are now available for Rent on Water front or Inland Please specify your particular requirements—I can meet them. E. P. JORDAN, 26 Park Row Stamford, Conn, Property 84 feet frontage, 175 feet deep. convenient location, five minutes’ walk from railway station. three bay windows; furnace, gas. Stable on premises could be used as a garage. (F surroundings. the New York Central’s excellent electric train service. Harmon is the terminus of the ‘‘elec- trie zone.’ account of permanent change of residence from address, FOR SALE MONTCLAIR, 60 UNION STREET NEW JERSEY High ground, very choice, Frame house; eleven rooms and bath; broad piazza on two sides; In good order. Lawn shaded by For price and terms apply to local brokers or the “Real Estate American Homes and Gardens 32961 BROADWAY NEW YORK NEW YORK Brightwaters BAYSHORE, L. I. A Master Development on Great South Bay. An ideal suburban home community amid picturesque surroundings, magnificently im- proved. Healthful, convenient, accessible. Stores, churches, schools and all essentials. Fullest opportunities to enjoy all the recreative features of land and sea. Houses and plots, at moderate prices, on suitable terms. De Luxe Booklet E free upon request. T. B. ACKERSON CO. New York Offices: 1 West 34th Street A very desirable lot, or Sale: 50x 125, at Harmon- © on-the-Hudson, Westchester County. Magnificent views, fine Ideal place for a suburban home. Forty-five minutes from New York by ’ Has good future. Am selling on New York to the west. For further particulars W. J. BROWN Security Bank Building, Cedar Rapids, Iowa COUNTRY SEAT Large stone mansion, suitable for entertaining on a lavish scale, ex- tensive green houses and graperies, Stone carriage house and stables with accommodations for 50 or more horses and necessary carriages. Stone cottages for superintendent, gardener and employees, Forty acres of grounds, laid out in lawns, gardens, etc, Magnificent shade trees. Within commuting distance of New York City. To be soldat a price which is about the value of the land without improvements. ARCHIBALD C. FOSS, 39 E. 42nd St., N. Y.C. Do You Want to Purchase A Home? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. GAME PRESERVE 1,000 acres, within easy reach of New York City and surrounded by a large acreage of similar holdings. making it an ideal spot shooting and fishing. | Abundance of deer. Trout brook and I Mill pond with abundance of Pickerel and water power suffic saw mill or for generating electric power. About 2,000,000 timber, white pine, oak, chestnut, etc. For further particulars addres ARCHIBALD C. FOSS, 39 E. 42nd St., N.Y.C. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1911 Vill The Biggest Show Ever Held in the Garden Every person interested in owning real estate, or in building, furnishing or improving the home will attend the Second Annual Real Estate and Ideal Homes Show Madison Square Garden, New York April 26th to May 3rd, 1911 Afternoon and Evening Sessions Concerts by Quintano’s Royal Venetian Band ADMISSION 50 CENTS Edward E. Haskell, Secretary A. Middleton Slaughter, President ie ie L) ie Swe eveege our General View of the First Annual Real Estate and Ideal Homes Show, held at 2Cadison Square Garden in the Spring of 1910. ‘May, rgri TD wy yyy L)))) pannel ——— AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix CITY:,PLANNING HE National Conference on City Planning will be held this year in Philadelphia, Pa. The time se- lected for this conference is May 15, 16 and 17. The importance of such a meeting is now being recognized by architects, engineers, city officials and citizens who have a civic pride and a patriotic spirit. No art progress can be expected in the building of the future cities, or in the improvement of the present one’s, until the people stop to consider the vital importance of such a subject, and it is just such meetings as these that are proving so beneficial in stimulating the desire for the de- velopment of beauty in cities and in villages. A special committee has been appointed and the program has been particularly arranged so as to interest all who may have the privilege of attending. This will be the third conference held of the kind and the interest in them has been active without being spasmodic at any period. It is a forum where debates are given, and deliberations are held with the viewpoint of solving some of the great problems which confront us. The opinion of the best expert authority is expected to be expressed in the papers which will be read before the conference; papers that are likely to induce and develop extended discussion on the great subject of ‘“‘City Planning.” THE NATIONAL BUILDING MATERIAL EXHIBITION HE first building material exhibition ever held in this country will take place at Madison Square Gar- den, from the 13th to the 20th of May. The ob- ject of this exhibition will be to cover the entire field of public and private building construction in its minutest de- tail. The plans for the exhibition have been carefully laid, and the support and patronage of all of the most promi- nent architects, manufacturers of building materials and various mechanical and building trades associations have been enlisted, and it is the general opinion that this exhibi- tion will greatly stimulate the interest, not only of those directly associated with building construction, but also of the public at large. The coming exhibition, not only will be national in character, but will in reality be of interna- tional importance, for the reason that it is the direct out- growth of the building show which has been held annually in the Olympic Exhibition Building in London for the past ten years. As the London show has met with the greatest success, both from the standpoint of the producer and of the general public, the field in this country, being so much more extensive, owing to the rapid advancement which has been made in recent years in building construction, makes the prospects of the coming exhibition exceedingly bright. The wide scope of this exhibit of material will cover in- terests so large that the architect, the general public, the man who specializes interior and exterior appurtenances, and the home builder will find everything pertaining to the construction and fitting up of all kinds of buildings. One of the interesting features of the exhibition will be the daily building and completion of an entire house. This is something that has never been attempted before, and it is only made possible by the wonderful advancement in con- struction work within the past few years. One of the most important attractions of the exhibition will be the display of modern country and suburban houses, showing all of the best features of architecture, and the manifold conveni- ences by which recent inventions have placed the suburban and country dweller upon a par with the occupant of the town house. ARBOR DAY RBOR DAY, April 11th, has come and gone, but it is not too late to consider the importance of tree planting. Trees of all kinds may be set out with safety up to the 15th of May, and if every householder would set out even one tree each year, ‘a wonderful work could be accomplished, and the most barren place would become a thing of beauty. Why not plant a tree about your home grounds and along the highway? What greater legacy could a man leave to his home town than some fine old trees, for which his posterity will thank him as long as their shades endure. THE HORTICULTURAL NUMBER T may not be out of place for the publishers to express their appreciation of the wide interest which was shown in the Horticultural Number for March, by the readers of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS. So great was the demand for this number that it was completely ex- hausted a short time after publication. The result was very materially due to the presentation of an exceptionally valuable planting table, comprising ex- amples of garden planting that embraced everything per- taining to the garden from the planting of a rose garden to that of the more prosaic vegetable garden. These special numbers take up the treatment of one par- ticular subject, to which their pages are exclusively used, the March number being dedicated to.the garden. The policy of the publishers has been to devote the pages of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS entirely to the home, its decorations, its furnishings, and its gardens, and to pre- sent each of the subjects in the most timely and suggestive way. It seeks to present this information in a form so read- able and so readily understood as to become a fascination for the study by the home-builder of the improvement of the home and the beautifying of the home grounds. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1911 A very interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola can be had THE STERILIZATION,OF MILK MEDICINE — Ask for Catalogue Pane oop COLUMNS. (Continued from page v) He ES S Sant Y LO CKER Hartmann - Sanders Co. the raw state, without danger of infection | g sae The Only Modern, Sanitary Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES., CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City effect that garage Phis « can be obtained by adds but very little feature of your Our illustration shows the attractive adopting pergola treatment for y r to the co he building sreneral landscape scheme and on it an attractive nstead of an eyesore, as it frequently is The WITTEN Auto atic Dump Cart ® Just What You p\ Been Looking For A necessity for Farm- ers, Fruit Growers, Cemeteries, Golf Clubs, Dairies, Stockmen, Con- tractorsand all man- ufacturing plants. . Send today for free illustrated booklet telling all about this labor-saving Cart. Baker Mfg.Co., 599Hunter Bldg., Chicago, Ill. ide, Uy F.E. Myers & Br ‘Y ERS Ashland, Ohio HAY Te Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND. OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock BA RCO CAD assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free, THE H. B. IVES CO. SoLe MANUFACTURERS «»» NEW HAVEN, CONN. with tuberculosis or intestinal disease. For these reasons the ‘“uviol” process, which destroys disease germs, but spares the acidifying organisms in milk, has been developed. ‘The process is based upon the power of violet and ultra-violet rays to paralyze the growth of vegetable organ- isms. The bactericidal efficiency of these rays is now universally recognized. By the “uviol” process the germs of disease, chiefly tubercle bacilli and pus-forming bacteria, which the milk of a cow may contain, even before the veterinary inspector can detect the disease and remove the animal from the herd, are killed without altering the nat- ural state of the raw milk. In the industries dependent on fermenta- tion, also, the “uviol” process will soon find important applications, as yeast and mold fungi are likewise destroyed, though less rapidly than bacteria, by ultra-violet rays. The success which has been attained in purifying water with ozone has naturally led to attempts to sterilize milk by means of the same agent. The experiments soon proved, however, that the conditions in the two cases are entirely different. In water, the destruction of organic matter is desirable, but in milk this must be avoided, if the milk is to remain fit for use as food. The quantities, both of organic matter and of bacteria, which the two liquids contain. also differ widely. Even the results ob- tained in ozoning water, however, appear to indicate that milk cannot be perfectly sterilized by direct action of an electric current, because the ozone generated by the current passes through the liquid in large bubbles, making unfit for use those portions of the milk which it touches and exerting no germicidal action on the rest of the milk. In order to sterilize milk com- pletely without injuring it, the ozone must pass rapidly through it and come into con- tact with every particle. For this purpose Dr. Emil Wiener has made experiments with atomizers produc- ing sprays of exceeding fineness, in which the diameters of the drops range from 12 to 20 millionths of an inch. As these drops are little larger than bacteria, any bacteria which they contain are fully exposed to the action of ozone coming into contact with the drops, and are instantly killed even by greatly diluted ozone. The ozone is then quickly removed from the milk by the same apparatus by which it is applied. In this apparatus the milk is atomized by a jet of compressed air, mixed with ozone. The milk falls to the bottom of a glass ves- sel, from which the ozonized air escapes by an orifice above the level of the liquid. Be- fore the milk is drawn off it is thoroughly aerated by a current of compressed air which has been filtered through glass wool, calcium chloride and soda lime. In this way Dr. Wiener succeeded in freeing milk completely from disease germs and toxins and improving its “keeping” qualities, with- out affecting its taste, odor, or chemical composition.—Umschau. WEATHER-FORETELLING PICTURES RODUCTION: 1 part chloride of co- P balt, 10 parts gelatine, 100 parts wa- ter, which give blue color; 1 part chloride of copper, 10 parts gelatine, 10 parts water, for yellow; 1 part chloride of cobalt, 0.75 part nitrate of nickel, 0.25 part chloride of copper, 20 parts of gelatine, and 200 parts water, give green. Soften the gelatine in water, add the preparations and melt over a gentle fire. STEEL Medicine Cabinet 4 orlocker finished in snow-white, baked | everlasting enamel, inside and out. j Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned. FE Should Be In Every Bath Room @ Four styles—four sizes. To recess in wall or to hang outside. Send for illus- trated circular. sed Steel) HESS, 926 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago Breer Cabinet Makers of Stet Furnaces, Free Booklet: UNTS FINE FURNITURE &) So Perlect ond So Peerless CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS Prices marked in plain figures will always be found EXCEED- INGLY LOW when compared with the best values obtainable elsewhere Geo.C. Funt Co. 43-47 West 23° ST. 24-26 West 24"St Detroit | Guaranteed You are the sole_—» judge of theen- gine and its merits. 25,000) satisfied users. Greatest Engine Bargain ever offer= ed. Nothing com- plicated or liable wanted in every ™ boating community, itm Special wholesale price on the first outfit sold. Bingle oyl., 2-8h. p.; double oyl., 8-20 h. By ; 4 oyl, 20-50 bh. fj Suitable for any bow, / canoe tocruiser Also to get out of order railroad track car. All Waterproof ignition engines complete with system, Money refunded if you are not satisfied. boat fittings. Free Catalog. Detroit Engine Works, 1206 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich, Btartawith- <4 i out cranking Reverses while in motion. 200 Building Plans ee s Suburban Homes is a big book of over 200 Building Plans of Bungalows, Suburban and Coun- try Homes, actually erected, cost- ing from $400 up to $10,000. » Price 50 cents. The best book published for the home-builder. Plans and Specifications, $5 up. C. P. MacLagan, Architect, 45 Clinton St., Newark, N. J, BROOMELL’S VACUUM CLEANER Ghe *““VICTOR” “*Tis the finest in the Land.” Electric Portable %4 H. P. motor—a perfect machine. Electric Stationary 1 H. P. motor. You can install it yourself in two hours time, Only one pipe required made from slip joint nickel-plated tubing, furnished with ma- chine. Buy direct and save money. Victor Cleaner Co., Manufacturers, York, Pa. CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED May, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a American Homes and Gardens for June The Prize Garden of Mr. George E. Barnard Dark Blue Staffordshire Ten acres of garden constitute the principal feature of Mr. George E. Barnard’s garden at Ipswich, Mass., and to the garden lover there can be no more interest- ing spot than the grounds which won the H. H. Hun- newell triennial prize, offered for an estate of not less than three acres which should be laid out with the most taste, planted most judiciously, and kept in the best order for three consecutive years. A paper by Mary H. Northend describes in a pleasing - way the features of the garden, and the engravings show the general scheme. Cretonne and Summer There is not a home which cannot be improved for One of the most interesting articles in the May issue of AMERICAN HomMEs AND GARDENS is the one on Dark Blue Staffordshire, by the well-known collector, Alexander M. Hudnut. Mr. Hudnut has made a spe- cial study of the collecting of old pieces, and is an authority on the subject. The article is profusely illus- trated, and shows some of the rarest plates, and is one that ought to be of great value to the layman as well as to the collector. His paper in the May number describes and illustrates the ‘“‘Syntax’’ plates, while the article which will be published in the June issue will be devoted to the historical plates depicting American scenes. summer use by a touch of freshness and color with the Planning and Planting a Rose Garden addition of cretonne. Mary Edith Griswold, in her paper, has presented the subject in a very attractive manner, and has given directions as to how to proceed about doing it. This work is supplemented by photo- graphic engravings of the results attained. A Summer Home and Furnishings for $1,000 The problem of how to live with comfort and pleasure during the long summer season strikes with dismay June is the time when one should consider the planning and planting of the rose garden. Charles Downing Lay in his paper on this subject gives information how to lay out a rose garden, and the kind of roses to select for the planting of it. This is an article which will prove helpful for all those who are interested in the rose. many persons who do not own cottages or country 4 Country Home homes. Desirable cottages, moreover, are expensive, and hotel life soon palls upon the homeless wander- ers. To meet a demand for novelty and necessity, Alice M. Kellogg tells in her story entitled ‘““A Sum- mer Home and Its Furnishings for $1,000,” how to buy a portable house, containing five rooms and piazza, and to furnish it with rugs, curtains, furniture, glass, china, kitchen utensils, and every necessary appoint- ment. The story explains how one may go to the seashore or mountains, rent a piece of land, set up a home, and enjoy the peace and quietude of the country in equal pleasure with the more pretentious neighbor. The Table The article under this department, telling how to make various kinds of salads, and showing illustrations of the results, should be of interest to the housewife, Margaret Sexton has presented her subject in a very simple way, so that even the novice can readily follow out all of her directions. A Brick and Half-Timber House, Costing $3,500 It is a difficult matter to obtain a house with a dis- tinctive exterior and a well arranged plan for the sum of $3,500. Robert Prescott tells in his paper how this may be accomplished, and the engravings show the plans and an exterior view of the completed house. The Some Long Island Homes Paul Thurston in one of his travels last fall took a trip along the south shore of Long Island, and, to his astonishment, he found the handsome group of houses at Bayshore, which is used to illustrate his paper. The text is full of timely information on building and dec- oration, and it is profusely illustrated by floor plans, and interior and exterior views. One of the most surprising houses the author has ever found is the one which illustrates ‘“A Country Home.” The exterior has the appearance of an old New Eng- land farmhouse built one hundred and fifty years ago, instead of being of recent construction, and when one enters the interior, a still greater surprise is in store, for here the artist has departed from the simplicity of the farmhouse to the splendor of the more pre- tentious home in its furnishings, and while this is true there is a perfect harmony throughout. It is a home worth knowing -about, and Burr Bartram has pre- pared an excellent description, which is profusely illus- trated by many fine engravings. A Summer Home at Kennebunkport, Me. The rugged coast and the low pine forests of Kenne- bunkport lend themselves to the building of a low rambling house, such as the one illustrated in the paper prepared by Henry Hawley. The plans show the form of the house, and the photographic illustrations give a good idea of both the exterior and interior treatment. Camera in the Garden An interesting adjunct of the country home is a good camera, which can be used for many purposes, and especially for the garden, where it is desired to show the progress which is being made in the growing of the various plants. Frederick C. Beach, editor of Ameri- can Photography, has prepared an interesting paper on the subject, pointing out the important features in the purchasing of a camera and the use of it. Mr. Beach has made a long and careful study of the sub- ject, and is well qualified to give it the best and most timely information. xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1911 i al SS wb sai Sen FOR LIGHT The Burlington Venetian Blind will make your rooms shady and your porch cool and comfortable. It can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun, Enclose your porch and see what a change it will make in your whole home, It will giye you a cozy, secluded room, ‘The air will circulate freely and you will get all the advantages of open air; at the same time you will not be subjected to an inquisitive public gaze. The Burlington Venetian Blind will give you a place to read, sew or entertain—a place for the children to play, too, Write for our illustrated booklet; it will tell you about the various styles Burlington Venetian Blind Co. , 339 Lake St.,Burlington, Vt. SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. $4.0 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of ° Missouri River—Cash with order. Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, II. Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10x!2% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Make Lawn Mowing a Pleasure You can keep your lawn neat, with a velvety appearance without coatinual raking — catch every blade of grass while mowing, if you use an “Easy Emptying” Catcher It can be put on and off in a second, So light that it never dragsonthe mower —so durable that it will last for many years. Can be adjusted to ht any size mow- er perfectly. Ask your dealer for it or write us. Send for booklet — Useful things for the J.awn.” It illustrates and describes a num- ber of mighty valuable articles, especially the Detachable” Hose Reel which revolves on the faucet. The Specialty Mfg. Co. 1051 Raymond Ave. St. Paul, Minn. THE LAWN—ITS PREPARATION AND CULTIVATION : HE most beautiful feature of a city home or a country estate is a well-kept lawn.” This article is written for the city man, particularly he who has just completed a home and desires to finish off its genera: appearance with a thick, even-growing lawn, 6 Very many home builders make the mis- take ot not thoroughly cleaning up the yard after building, betore they attempt to start the lawn, and then wonder why the grass fails to thrive. It is probable that every- thing else has been made secondary to the rapid erection of the home, and conse- quently plaster and bits of wood and stone have been swept out ofthe building until they have covered the surrounding yard to a depth of several inches. On top of this the average man tries to start one of those thick, velvety, green lawns that he has so long admired. Of course many of the larger lumps of stone and wood have been raked up, but the top soil still contains many small bits of lath, shingles, plaster and often chips from the stone foundation piers and front sidewalk. The first step in building the foundation for a good lawn under these conditions would be to plow the surface in several di- rections so as to loosen and bring to the surface all of these foreign elements that should not be in the top soil. Then the land should be graded. It-the area is a small one and very flat, then a level surface is most desirable, but if the lawn is over an acre or more in size, it will be far better to leave the land with very little grading but preserve the slight hollows and elevations, as they are far more pleasing than flat lawns would be. If the soil is a heavy clay then perfect drainage is most essential, as this sort of ground does not allow the mois- ture to filter through as readily as sand or loam soil, and after a hard rain will often be found covered with small pools of water, unless the drainage 1s perfect. In the selection of the grass seed you will have to be governed by the local climatic conditions, the amount of shade and othe points particular to your location alone. It is advisable to purchase seed from a nearby seedsman, who can probably supply you with a close-growing wide-rooted va- riety. Sow the seed on a day of little wind and preferably in the late afternoon. Rake the soil lightly in order to spread a thin layer over the seed. to which can be ascribed nine out of ten of the failures in attempted lawn-making— those who fail do not realize the value of a lawn roller. The seed bed should be rolled with a heavy lawn roller so as to force the seed into close contact with the soil and so establish a firm root founda- tion. This point is positive. You cannot expect to produce a thick, even-growing lawn on a soft, springy seed bed. The lawn roller must be used at least twice a month throughout the season from early spring to the first snow fall in order to keep the action of sun, wind and rain from drying out the soil and to keep the roots thoroughly imbedded in the moist sub-soil, from which they take their strength and nourishment. The assertion that rolling is absolutely neeessary need not frighten one out of at- tempting a perfect lawn, for lawn rollers are now made with roller bearings so that even the heaviest sizes are extremely easy to operate; in fact a mete child can push even a 650 pound roller:..: Then comes the point. Beauty and Comfort Combined With the Honest Skill of Sweden is Yours if You Use Ericsson Venetian Blinds MADE IN SWEDEN Let us tell you how to | -autify your windows and add to the comfort of your home in our “Blind Book for People Who Can See” and appreciate art and luxury in house equipment. We’ll prove the Ericsson lasts longer, is rigid in position, more inexpensive than you think, light, strong, occupies small space and. is removed like a roller shade. Write for the “BLIND BOOK”’ today—-NOW. It’s free Ask for Booklet D. to “PEOPLE WHO CAN SEE.” SWEDISH VENETIAN BLIND CO. ,1123 Broadway. New York, N.Y. The Wizard *-—-KALAKA Lawn Producer 4*4 Mixed seed and fertilizer that comes up even where everything else "K failed. * seed. west of the river for $1.25. Make a Lawn’’ FREE. Written by experts; solves every grass problem. Send for it tonight. It will prove interesting and valuable. The Kalaka Co., °°9,2.xcuanss.3"°° Chicago, Ill. Union Stock Yards All it needs is soil and moisture. Cheaper than common 5 lb. box express prepaid east of Missouri river $1.00, or Our instructive booklet “‘How to Gates of all designs and for all purposes. {| Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished. Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni- ture—Stable Fittings. 253 Broadway F. E. CARPENTER CO., New York City [Ya me "THE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also_ makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. May, I9I1I WATERPROOF WALL PAINTINGS O* A finished background of mortar of lime, quartz sand, infusorial earth and water painting are pre- pared as follows: Painting ground: Four parts of quartz sand, 3.5 parts marble sand, 0.5 part infusorial earth heated to redness, 1.5 parts thick lime paste. After drying, the painting ground is to be coated with hydrofluosilicic acid and impregnated, sev- eral times with potash water-glass; earth colors which have been digested for a long time with potash water-glass are used. After dilution the silicic acid is sepa- rated by means of carbonate of ammonia from the water-glass, which remains in intimate combination with the colors. To the washed-out colors, hydrate of alum- ina and hydrate of magnesia are added; they are rubbed down and _ preserved in paste-like condition. The pictures are fixed by means of a spraying appa- ratus and a fluid obtained by heating 200 parts of potash water-glass, 100 parts caustic ammonia, 10 parts caustic potash, and 12 parts marble powder, and decant- ing this from the residue. After fixation, which must be done four to five times, at a temperature of 100 deg. to 120 deg. F., the painting must be washed with carbonate of ammonia, then with water, and finally impregnated with a solution of paraffine in petroleum ether. TO MARK TOOLS OAT the tools to be marked with a thin covering of wax or hard tal- low by heating the steel, rubbing the wax over it while warm until it melts and then allowing it to cool. Now scratch the mark in it with a sharp instrument and pour on nitric acid, rinsing the acid off with water, after a time; finally heat the metal until the wax melts and wipe it off. The mark appears as though engraved. PREPARATION OF WAX POWDER ELLOW beeswax is cut into very fine shavings and protected from dust, and dried at ordinary room tempera- ture for 10 to 14 days. The wax must then be mixed in a mortar, having a rough sur- face, with an equal quantity by weight of rice starch. The mixing is effected at the lowest possible temperature without rub- bing. The powder mixture is finally passed through a fine tin strainer. TO TRANSFER AND FIX DRAWINGS ON IVORY AND VEGETABLE IVORY HE picture to be transferred is printed as a negative, by lithographic pro- cess, in a black fatty ink on a paper prepared for transferring in the well- known manner. By transfer printing, the picture is placed on the article to be decorated. The latter is rinsed in clean water and finally, light being excluded, is passed through a solution of nitrate of silver, then exposed to the effects of day- light. The parts free from fatty color are thereby tinted dark; the black color is washed off with exclusion of light in rectified oil of turpentine and the object immersed in a solution of hyposulphite of soda. Various colors may be obtained by the use of different substances sensi- tive to light, and by the use of baths of varying strength. By far the most complete collection of plans plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. MUNN & CO., INC, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary Hydraulic. V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection d Testing. IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and_ Broken Stone. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii For Damp and Stained Concrete Walls Trus-Con Exterior Wall Finishes, applied with a brush, provide a damp-proof and protective surface to concrete walls-~enter into the surface pores, hardening and fusing with the concrete—conceal hair cracks—prevent staining and efflorescence - do not peel or crack off like paints. Trus-Con Wall Finishes are furnished in a variety of colors for use on concrete, brick and all masonry surfaces. Also Trus-Con Finishes for interior walls. Tell us about your walls. We will send Color Card anc detailed suggestions free. TRUSSED CONCRETE STEEL COMPANY, 419 Trussed Concrete Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Trus-Con Floor Enamel for dusty concrete floors; Trus-Con Paste for water- proofing concrete; Trus-Con Sno-Wite for enameling interiors. SS ee SS See What You Gain by Using Cabot’s Shingle Stains Soft, rich, and beautiful coloring effects. Thorough preservation of the wood.* Low cost in both material and labor. Guaranteed fast colors. For Shingles, Siding, and other Exterior Woodwork Send for sample of stained wood. Free. Samuel Cabot, Inc., 131 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Agents in all central points wm Cobo re * ““Wood treated with Creosote 1s not subject to dry rot or other decay” — Stamed with Cabot's Shingle Stains Century Dictionary. Myron Huntand Elmer Grey. Arch'ts, Los Angeles, Cal. Do you want to learn how you can open, close and lock the shutters on your residence without opening the window, thus exposing yourself and your room to weather conditions and admitting flies and insects? Then write today for illustrated booklet on the Mallory Shutter Worker, which we will gladly send you without cost. Mallory Manufacturing Co. 297 Bridge Street Flemington, N. J. No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500. No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES Upward of twenty-five designs, costing from $1,000 to $3,000. ever brought: out. Illustrated with full-page "°.3- MODERN DWELLINGS Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000. No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES Twenty selected designs, costing from about $3,000 upward. JUST PUBLISHED Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its thorough treatment of the subject: I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed ir Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). NV. Methods and Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. NVII. Concrete Blocks. XVIII. Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. XXI. Concrete Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction, XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. NXVII. Concrete Arches and Abutments. XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridg XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. x crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. crete Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and_Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, Ig11 CORNELL SIE STRENGTH SATISFACTION ECONOMY Carlos, Lee Co., Fla., MamoroneckeN bye | STAMFORD _ ; ‘ _ Noy. 23, 1910 Aug. 2nd, 1909 NATIONAL BANK Wyckoff Ss & uate Co., Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co. Stamford, Conn., Gentlemen acer aise Ithaca, N. Y. Nov, 10, 1910 ventlemen : Gentlemen : reo pa kee The Cornell Portable House you sent ene en , STE Se Ee At en me some time ago I consider to be a The little bungalow you made on your special design for me thaca, . decidedly strong and well-braced struc- is exactly what I wanted. I congratulate myself in having put Gentlemen ture, and it withstood almost the full the work in your hiands Phe No. 2 Garage which IT bought force of the recent hurricane in Very truly yours, from you I found to be very satisfactory this part of Florida and sustained practi- HENRY B. EDDY in all re spt ts, and I think I saved cally no damage, whereas appar- about 25 per cent. of what it ently stronger houses around it 3 ~s would cost me to have had a similar were demolished. — It is a very Satisfied Customers “‘tel! the story. If you garage built here ¢ ] : . : : Yours truly, Boodihonse andia handy one. need a practica!, substantial building for any pur- W. L. BALDWIN LAPARITA HEALTH RESORT | pose, let us tell you what we can do for you. Cashier Fireproof Garages a specialty Illustrated catalog 4c. stamps WYCKOFF LUMBER & MFG. CO., 410 Green St., Ithaca, N. Y. American Homes & Gardens & & & and Scientific American sent td one address for one tor one year. $6 REGULARLY wu] Hin are attractive in appearance. Easily taken apart and set up. Will give entire satisfaction. Prices $150 to $500 Write at once for illustrated pamphlet giving full details. Chesebro-Whitman Co., Inc. East 64th Street and First Ave., New York ALCOHO The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and German Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Sczentzjic American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scven/7jic_ American Su pple- ment 1596. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a gasoline or crude oil motor In Scientific American Supplement 1581 the Production of In- dustrial Alcohol and its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article published in Sczen¢zfic American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Sczentzfic American. The most complete treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol, explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie tbe pro- cess without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. Send for Our New 1910 Supplement Catalogue. OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS RUSTIC WORK New Catalog of many desigus on request North Shore Ferneries Company, Beverly, Massachusetts Its Manufacture Its Denaturization Its Industrial Use In Supplements 1607, 1608, 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the U. S Internal Revenue will permit the manufacture and denaturation of tax free alcohol. A comparison of the Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines is given in Screnfific American Supplements 1634 and 1635 by Prof. Charles E. Lucke and S. M. Woodward. The Manufacture, Denaturing and the Technical and Chemical Utilization of Alcohol is ably discussed in the Scientific American Supplements 1636 and 1637 by M. Klar and F. H. Meyer, both ex perts inthe chemistry and distillation of alcohol. Illustrations of stills and plants accompany the text The Sources of Industrial Alcohol, that is the Farm Products from which alcohol is distilled, are enumerated by Dr. H. W. Wiley in Scientific American Supplements 1611 and 1612 and their relative alcohol content compared. The Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol isthe title of a splendid article by the late Max Maercker (the greatest authority on alcohol) pub- lished in Sczen/tfic American Supplements 1627 and 1628. Dia- grams of the various types of stills in common use are used as illustrations In Sczentjfic American Supplement 1613 the Uses of Industrial Alcohol in the Arts and in the Home are discussed. Any Single Number of the Sczentzfic American or Supplement will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $2.00. FREE to Any Address. Order from your newsdealer or from the publishers MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City HH Noteworthy Articles ON TIMELY TOPICS SEWAGE AND ITS DISPOSAL. A review of modern methods. By H. Lemmoin-Cannon. Scientific American Supplement 1551. ELECTRIC LIGHTING FOR AMA- TEURS. How a small and simple ex- perimental installation can be set up at home. Scientific American Supple- ment 1551. CHEMICAL AFFINITY. Simply ex- plained by Sir Oliver Lodge. Scienti- fic American Supplement 1547. CASE-HARDENING. By David Flather. Scientific American Supple- ment 1547. ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEMS. A comprehensive article by E. W. Rob- erts. Scientific American Supplement 1546. CONCRETE. A general article on its merits and defects. Scientific Ameri- can Supplement 1543. REINFORCED CONCRETE. Some of its Principles and Applications with practical Illustrations. Scientific American Supplements 1547, 1548, 1551. ELECTRONS AND THE ELECTRO- NIC THEORY are discussed by Sir Oliver Lodge in Scientific American pple eitce: 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, I WIRELESS TERLEGRAPHY. Its Pro- gress and Present Condition are well discussed in Scientific American Sup- plements 1425, 1426, 1427, 1386, 1388, 1389, 1383, 1381, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1431. HOW TO CONSTRUCT AN EFFI- CIENT WIRELESS TELEGRAPH APPARATUS AT SMALL COST is told in Scientific American Supplement 1363. SELENIUM AND ITS REMARK- ABLE PROPERTIES are fully de- scribed in Scientific American Supple- ment 1430. The paper is illustrated by numerous engravings. LANGLEY’S AERODROME. Fully de- scribed and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 1404, 1405 and 1546. STEAM TURBINES. Their Construc- tion, Operation and Commercial Ap- plication. Scientific American Supple- ments 1306, 1307, 1308, 1422, 1400, 1447, 1370, 1372, 1521. The articles have all been prepared by experts in steam en- gineering. PORTLAND CEMENT MAKING is described in excellent articles con- tained in Scientific American Supple- ments 1433, 1465, 1466, 1510, I5II. THE TANTALUM LAMP. A full illus- trated description of a lamp having a metallic filament and burning at once without preliminary heating appears in Scientific American Supplement 1523. THE WATERPROOFING OF FABRICS is thoroughly discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1522 by an expert. THE SPARK COIL, ITS CONSTRUC- TION AND MAINTENANCE, is the subject of a painstaking article in Scientific American Supplement 1522. ELECTRIC IGNITERS FOR GAS EN- GINES are discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1514. CARBURETERS, a subject of immense importance to automobilists and the users of oil engines, is well treated in Scientific American Supplement 1508. EPICYCLIC TRAINS, which play an important part in toothed gearing, are ably described in Scientific American Supplement 1524. Each number of the Scientific American Supplement costs 10 cents by mail Send for 1910 Supplement Catalogue FREE to any address MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway New York Price, 50 Cents $3.00 a Year Ogi e Wiley 1 91 1 SomE Goop PLANTING ABOUT THE FRONT OF THE HOUSE Frontispiece Tue SmMai House oF To-pay By Francis Durando Nichols 159 Tue TasLreE—Flower Arrangements By Edith Haviland 164 SALAD AT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR By S. Leonard Bastin 166 IcE CREAM As A HEALTH Foop 167 HANDICRAFTSMAN—Designing a Bilateral Stencil 168 Home-BuILT ORNAMENTAL FLOWER URN 169 A BuNGALow Mabe or TERRA-Corta BLocKs By Mary H. Northend 170 THe Mopbern KITCHEN By George E. Walsh 172 Dark BLUE STAFFORDSHIRE—The Dr. Snytax Poem and the Syntax Plates, By Alexander M. Hudnut 174 BUNGALOWS OF INTERESTING TYPE By Robert Prescott 179 FURNISHINGS FOR THE Home— Decorative Curtain Schemes... By Mabel Tuke Priestman 183 New BrEEDs OF GOATS By Jacques Boyer 186 Tue Moror Car ror THE MAN or Moperate MEANS By Stanley Yale Beach 188 THE INEXPENSIVE SMALL GARAGE By H. P. Wilkin 190 Two New ENGLAND Houses By Paul Thurston 193 SPRAYING THE APPLE ORCHARD By Benjamin W. Douglass 197 PLANNING A SEASHORE GARDEN By Martha Haskell Clark 200 PLANNING SMALL COUNTRY PLACES By Charles Downing Lay 202 A GARDEN MINIATURE ARBOR By George A. Avery 204 Helps to the Housewife The Sterilization of Milk The Editor’s Notebook Garden Notes Correspondence American Homes and Gardens for June The Lawn—lIts Preparation and Cultivation Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President C 2 e 2 FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot held himself responsible fer manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. eee Peake Opis 08 ase acre ome pea ae eae MAMRHINE Some good planting about the front of the house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ee ead) House af To-Day By Francis Durando Nichols SAHIE leading principle on which the founda- ), tion of human happiness is built to-day centers in the home life of the people. With a house that is well designed and planned, and placed in a charming setting, the busy man soon forgets the anxieties and perplexities of his business life in the enjoyment of home and its surroundings. A tendency has been rapidly developing for the urban business man to live fe A in the country. Transportation facilities, which have so greatly increased during the past few years, have made it possible for the brain-worker to spend part of his time among nature’s surroundings, where he may find relaxation and repose, for here is where he can in reality enjoy life. The introduction of the modern country house as an import- ant feature of building has undoubtedly been influenced by the great desire to live in the country and to be surrounded by all the comforts and utilities of a city home. There are A house built of stone and stucco 160 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS certain features, however, which are absolutely necessary for a home to qualify as a dwelling of the latest period. One of the most difficult problems which confronts all archi- tects at the present time is the building of inexpensive houses combining certain characteristics which make them distinc- tive and at the same time embracing all the essentials and appointments of the up-to-date house. Messrs. Mcllvaine and Roberts, architects, of Philadelphia, have been very suc- cessful in this direction in the designing of the moderate sized country house. A study of the dwellings illus- trated herewith will show the fine points of construction; a glance will show the atmosphere which distinguishes one from the other, yet all in harmony. The first house illustrated is that of Mr. W. L. Haehu- len, at Cynwyd, Pa., and it presents a dwelling of unusual -_ merit in its design § eNer. | Vlei oa and plan. It is con- structed of — rock- faced stone for the first story and stuc- co for the second, the whole being guilveem a coat of whitewash, while the trimmings are painted white. The building is rectangular in form and the chimneys and porches are the architectural features of the exterior of the house. The entrance, with its hooded cover supporting a bay window above, is an interesting feature of the facade. Crossing the threshold, one enters the hall which ex- tends through the house, and which contains an ornamental staircase with white-painted balusters and a mahogany rail. This ascends to the second and the third floors. The wood- work of the hall, as well as that of the entire house, with the exception of the service part, 1s painted white. To the right of the entrance is the living-room, with exposures on three sides of the room. A large open_ fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a Colonial mantel The chimneys are a feature of this house May, 1911 are provided with all the best modern improvements. The second floor contains four bedrooms and two bath- rooms. Each of the bathrooms is so arranged as to be accessible from two of the bedrooms. The bathrooms have tiled wainscotings and paved floors, and are furnished with exposed nickel-plated plumbing. The second house illustrated was built for Mr. H. Norman Thorn, at Ardmore, Pa. It is an attractive house constructed of rock-faced stone and half-timber work. The rough. pil/aisitvemee placed between the beams of soft brown stain, adds a touch of color to the rugged surface of the stone of which it is constructed. The house is built on the side of a hill, with the rear facing the woods, conse- = quent ly tte 7 y deemed advisable to ip reserscen cer place the living- 2\\ porch at -the Tear ric eee § of the living-room, gM : from which access to it 1s obtained. The hall ‘isto med with oak and so is the living- room and the din- ing-room. The stair- case, which is built at the rear ofpeme hall, is turned out of oak in an ornamental manner. ‘The living-room has a beamed ceiling and an open fireplace with stone facings, brick hearth and a mantel. The dining-room is of good di- mensions and the pantry and the kitchen occupy the remain- der of the first floor. There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The bedrooms are painted white and the bathroom has tiled wainscotings and floor, and porcelain fixtures. The third house, which was built at Cynwyd, Pa., is of English design, and is constructed of rock-faced stone laid , with wide white mortar joints, in Shingles the first story, =F and _ half-timber work for the re- mainder of the Room 1 building. The Bath 1 UL ae beams are stained es r brown and_har- Hal ee F e monize with the ome — = soft gray tone of E oom. te the ‘stucco; 2 es stone chimney occupies the cen- ter of the wall space opposite the entrance to the room. French windows built at either side of the fireplace open onto the living-porch built at the side of the house. This porch is separated from the entrance and has a brick-paved floor. The dining-room to the left of the hall is provided with a similar fireplace and connects with the service part of the house through a butler’s pantry, which is fitted up with butler’s sink and dressers complete. This pantry, the kitchen and the laundry are trimmed with yellow pine, and First floor plan with a brick top is a feature of the exterior. The living-room contains a large open fireplace with stone facings and hearth and a mantel. French windows open onto the living-porch, which has a floor paved with brick. The dining-room is provided with a bay window, and a fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a mantel. The large butler’s pantry, the kitchen and the laundry are trimmed with yellow pine and are provided with all the best modern appointments. The second floor is painted white and contains four bedrooms and two bathrooms, the latter Second floor plan May, 1911 ae ee ee ea AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I ON A house built of stone and half-timber having tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fixtures. The fourth house illustrated was built for Mr. Charles R. Scull, also at Cynwyd, Pa., and represents a different type of house. The piazza with its stucco columns and brick-paved floor is a feature of the exterior. The first story is built of rock-faced local stone, laid with wide white mor- tar joints, and the second story of stucco. The hall extends to the rear of the building, at which point the stairs ascend in combina- tion with the servants’ stairs: A broad _ open- ing from the hall forms an access to the living- room, = op- posite which is a cluster of small windows, which occupies a considerable space in the wall of this room facing these openings. The fireplace has stone facings and hearth and mantel. The arrangement of the service pant of the house is most complete. There are four bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The fifth house, which was built for Mr. Quincy A. Gill- Living Room Dining Room First floor plan more, at Ardmore, Pa., is a more advanced type of English country house than the one shown in the second illustration. It is constructed of rock-faced stone for the first story and brown-stained beams and rough stucco for the second. The small lighted windows and the chimneys are features of the architectural scheme. The hall, living-room and dining- room are trimmed with oak. The living- and dining-room have open fi re p laces. French win- dows open from the liy- ing-room onto the liv- in g- porch, which has a brick paved floor. Ac- cess to the kitchen from the dining- room is ob- tained by way of the butler’s pan- feiny, gave second story is painted white and contains four bedrooms and two bathrooms. The latter are furnished with tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fixtures. The sixth house illustrated, and built for Mr. Joseph H. Kleckner, at Cynwyd, Pa., is of a different design from the one already described. It has a lean-to roof that extends Roof || Closet jam Second floor plan 162 A stone and half-timber house down and forms a roof for the porch, which extends across the front of the house and is supported on stucco columns. The first story is built of rock-faced stone and the second story 1s shingled. The entrance is direct into the living-room, from which the stairs ascend to the second story. This room has a large open fireplace with stone facings and hearth and a mantel. A broad opening permits one to enter the dining-room. Both the living- and dining-room are trimmed with chestnut, finished natural. The kitchen, pantries and laundries are trimmed with yellow pine. The second floor contains four bedrooms and a bathroom, the latter having a tiled wainscoting and floor, and porcelain fixtures. The third floor of each house illustrated contains extra guest- AMERICAN HOMES AND A house of simple design constructed of stone and stucco GARDENS May, IgII PST Se] Main Porch First floor plan rooms, servant quarters and trunkrooms. The cellar of each of the houses have cold storage room, fuel-rooms and heating apparatus. Throughout all the houses, great restraint has been exercised in the design of the interior woodwork, and an attempt has been made to keep it within the confines of simple treatment while maintaining general excellence of proportion. The desire has been to attain the reposeful freedom of atmosphere peculiarly ap- propriate to a country house intended for all the year occupancy. It is comparatively easy, or it ought to be so, to understand the reason for the success of these houses, for there is no ques- tion about the high character of their design or the successful execution of their construction. This success is due to simple Hall Living Room First floor plan May, 1911 First floor plan treatment, for interesting as they are in a very real and pervasive way they are above all things of the best, in true and artistic sim- plicity, for a house must be artistic as well as simple to have suc- cessful architectural character; it must be well designed and well built; it must be suited to any requirement that may be demanded of it and available for any use for which it may be desired. All these as well as many other matters are well solved and given expression in these delightful houses. Very different in design as they are, they possess a distinct individuality in style so pro- nounced, indeed, that the fact of a common authorship needs to be known before it can be recognized. The versatility of the architects is well illustrated in the design of these dwellings, for First floor plan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 163 A house of English character in no instance is there a duplication of architectural thought. These houses, therefore, point a valuable object lesson for indi- viduality in house design. This is quite as essential to the suc- cess of an estate as the development of the grounds, and the decoration of the various rooms contained in the interior. The illustrations which accompany this article show how varied and how interesting these dwellings are. Here, then, is a series of houses that represents the best in modern domestic architecture. They do not constitute a group, for they are absolutely unrelated, and the mere fact that each one of the houses has been designed by the same architects has not influenced the purpose of these houses either in their style or in their construction. A house with a lean-to roof 164 Se Nes a Foe PX ay AMERICAN a AND GARDENS WAY, Gee me WGK Ngee The Table Non) eal OS Co Bex ne shi aces eae GE 2 ees sll OES WO aay Vea see Eis ia ee; ‘ee anh —w a =e SS =u 2S HES ( ck Flower Arrangements By Edith Haviland Photographs by Mary H. Northend LONG with the marked progress in the larger, more important details of home making is the attention now paid to those that are contributing to the general effect, but of a less prominent and more imper- manent character. Among the latter there 1s nothing that gives a more dis- tinctive charm to a home than flowers and plants. A con- servatory may be an object of envy as a luxurious attach- ment to a house, but its specific value lies in its being a source of supply for flower and plant decoration through- out the various rooms. I have seen a small plant room opening from a dining- and a living-room that gave as much satisfaction as an elab- orate winter garden, and an inclosed piazza filled with growing plants of humble origin give more pleasure than a well-stocked glass house. In both cases the enjoyment was not limited to the plants as a collection, but by their trans- ference from time to time into the living-rooms. A tiny greenhouse belonging to a suburban dwelling was so skillfully conducted that it yielded not only flowering and foliage plants, but a constant, if limited, supply of carna- tions and roses throughout the cold weather. In every household there is usually one lover of flowers to whom no thought nor trouble on their behalf is too great, and to whom success seems to come as if by magic. Who has not heard the remark, or made it himself, that ‘“‘Miss So-and-So could make a garden in a desert.’’ Or, that such a person “could make a bouquet out of nothing.” Cut flowers especially seem to know the hand that loves them and respond to its influence, ‘and as they are trans- ferred from the garden or the florist’s shop to the home they offer themselves for many unique and varied decora- tions. While the conventional holder for a floral centerpiece for the dining table is some kind of vase or jar in pottery or glass, there is nothing more attractive, especially for the out-of-town home, than a shapely basket in which a bowl of water is fitted. So much interest is turned now towards handicrafts of all kinds that. basketry has taken a foremost place with both amateurs and professionals. Some of the hand-woven baskets, in the natural color or stained in artistic tones, are peculiarly well adapted for flower holders. There are also Japanese baskets of dark-brown wicker work that give a color base for a bunch of flowers. In the illustrations the baskets are of different shapes, but each is well-made and symmetrical, and the wide open- ing at the top of each permits a graceful display of blos- soms. We owe something to the Japanese for teaching us the beauty of single flower decoration—a contrast to our own too lavish assortment of kinds and colors. One beautiful rose in a slender glass vase will impart a touch of refine- ment to a room where a massive bouquet of many varieties of blossoms contributes only a sense of confused display. It takes some originality of thought to make new and interesting combinations of flowers for the dining table, but Pinks and pine needles Tulips and pine May, 1gII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 165 Lily of the valley and violets with pine are good one cannot fail to accomplish good results with only one kind of blossom, if it is supplied with plenty of green leaves as a supporting background. With a basket holder that is graceful in shape the eye is gratified not only by beauty of color, but beauty in line. In the illustrations the long-needle pine is the motive for some charming floral combinations. Pinks, tulips, lily of the valley, roses and apple blossoms are utilized, each giv- ing the color note in a quaint and unusual setting. The sim- plicity of this arrangement could hardly be exceeded, yet the artistic result is most convincing. The round-shaped baskets would, naturally, look best upon a round table, and the oblong basket be most suitable on a square or oblong table. A charming idea that is followed out each spring in a country home is to bring in from the woods a full-flowered plant of wild violets and fit it into an earthen casserole. As long as the blossoms are fresh, this decoration is kept on the dining table. Other wild flowers are transferred in the same way for the living-room and piazza—cowslips, or marsh marigold, columbine and azaleas. In arranging flowers for the dining table it is well to keep to rather low effects, or, if tall flowers are used, they should be grouped so they do not obscure the people who are to be seated. The latter is possible with carnations and stevia, or roses and maiden-hair fern. In a parlor or living-room the tall effects are often the most satisfactory, breaking up the formality of long spaces. During the summertime when the piazza becomes the chief sitting place for the household the flower arrange- Roses and pine intermixed in a green basket ments may well extend to this space. ‘The thrifty home- maker will be prepared with flower holders of more sub- stantial make than are in use inside the house, and whose possible breakage will not entail the expense of a finer ware. Large green jars to stand on the floor can be filled with wild daisies; big brass bowls may hold wild asters and golden rod; the blue-and-white ginger jars may also be utilized for roses and garden flowers. Hanging roses, for cut flowers are now made for us by the Japanese, and some of the prettiest of these are laced with wicker work. ‘These are particularly suited for hold- ing a few choice flowers that one wishes to protect from the wind. Plant boxes are generally accepted now as a part of the furnishing of an open or closed veranda, and increased attention is being given to their construction from the ar- tistic standpoint. Their decoration should, however, be kept subordinate to the flowers that they are to hold, as they are merely the frame to the picture. On the right combination of colors of the plants in boxes depends their success as a decorative element. Nasturtiums and red geraniums are pleasing together. Pink geraniums, pink begonias and sweet alyssum are another satisfactory combination. Marguerites may be fitted in with any colored flowers to advantage. Flower boxes realize in concentrated form, so much gar- den pleasure, that it does not seem a waste of money to change the plants from time to time as they cease flower- ing. Wild roses and pine in a small basket are sometimes used Apple blossoms show well, mixed with pine in white willow basket 166 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, rg1i The growing crop of mustard and cress Salad at any Time of the Year By S. Leonard Bastin MIE RE are few things in the household more prized than a supply of fresh salad. In the town residence, and it is to be feared in a good many country places as well, the regular use of greenstuff is not the recognized feature which it should be. Of course, everything depends upon the ma- terial being newly gathered, and nowadays, when the city dwellers must depend so much upon the shops, this is not an easy matter. By a little arranging, however, it will be possible to scheme so that a regular supply of salad may be secured, not only in the summer, but practically throughout the whole year. ‘The method of culture which is outlined in the following paragraphs can be carried out in almost any situation; indeed the average living-room is well suited for the purpose. The particular greenstuff which it is so easy to grow is the ever popular ‘‘mustard and cress.” In all the salads which are available for the table there are not any more acceptable than the tender leaves of the bright, green seed- lings. The old-fashioned manner of producing mustard and cress was to sow the seed on the garden bed or perhaps in boxes of soil, but this has been entirely superseded by the modern method. No earth or similar medium is re- quired at all, and the culture throughout is so clean that even the most fastidious will find nothing to offend. In order to get ready for the production of the salad it is first of all necessary to construct a frame-work of wood. This should be made of four pieces about two inches deep, and rather thin in proportion, tacked to- gether im the form’ of a square or an oblong. For those who wish ‘to save themselves the trouble of making a frame it may be pointed out that excellent substitutes are to be found in the sides of wooden sweet boxes, when the bot- toms have been knocked out. It may be well to strengthen the frame some- what in this instance by the addition of a few tacks to those already in place. In The seeds should be well watered order that a succession of crops may be obtainable it is wise to construct several of these frames, so that a number can be in use at the same time. The next step will be to secure some large pieces of flan- nel. ‘This material should be of good quality, rather thick in texture, and if it is not new, it must be strong and in good order. The pieces of flannel should be cut to allow a good inch all round beyond the size of the frames. Now get some strong twine, and after stretching the flannel over the frames tie the cloth round the woodwork, in the manner shown in an accompanying illustration. ‘The flan- nel should be quite tightly strained over the frame, and as this is rather difficult to do, it may be useful to indicate a different method. ‘This is only applicable when new flannel is being used and the mode of procedure consists in tack- ing the cloth around the sides of the frame instead of tying with twine. Get the stuff as tight as you can, but as a final measure thoroughly saturate the flannel with water. When dry it will be found that the shrinking of the cloth will have tightened it up so that it is almost like the surface of a drum. Mustard and cress seed is to be obtained at any garden store. The seeds are sold separately, and a few cents will command a sufficient quantity to make a good start in the growing of the salad. The germination of cress seed is a comparatively slow process when compared with the rate at which the mustard will come to perfection. On this ac- count the cress, the seeds of which are the small brown ones, should be sown first. Take one of your frames which has the flannel in position and sprinkle the surface of the cloth with water. Now with a small spoon take a quantity of the seed and scatter it rather thickly over the flannel, trying to spread it as evenly as pos- sible. If the starting of the seeds is wanted to take place quickly the frame should be removed to a dark cupboard; it is a well established scientific fact that seeds always germinate more rapidly when light is absent. The matter of temperature is of some im- portance and a fairly warm May, I911 place should be selected. As showing the possibilities which exist in any house in this direction, it may be mentioned that excellent crops of mustard and cress have been raised on the hot water cistern which supplies the bath. All the while, careful attention must be paid to watering, and if the seeds are in a very warm place it will be necessary to supply moisture three or four times a day. At the end of the fourth day, if all has gone well the cress seeds should have burst through their protecting cases. The time has now come to sow the round, yellow seeds of the mustard. It will not be necessary to scatter these quite so thickly as was done in the case of the cress. As the little cress seed- lings will now be coming on apace it will hardly be possible to keep the frame in a completely dark place during the germination of the mus- tard seeds. Some other plan must be devised to keep the strong light away, and perhaps one of the best is to get a piece of stoutish card- board and place this over the mus- tard seeds. It is wise to keep the covering-in material saturated with water. In about two days the seedlings will have burst through their cases and we may then take away the shelter. It is not well to keep the growing salad in a place where the illumination is very strong, although we must allow sufficient light to ensure that the leaves shall take on a nice, fresh green color. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Adjusting the flannel to the growing frame 167 If the frame is put in front of a window, or any place where the light all comes from one direction, the seedlings should be turned around daily so as to make certain that the growth of’ the stems is fairly upright. In about a week or ten days, the actual time varying with the de- gree of warmth which is available, the crop will be ready for cutting. It is hardly necessary to say that the mustard and cress should not be gathered until just before it is required for use. A good, keen knife is the best implement to cut the material with, the upper part of the little plants being grasped with the thumb and finger, and the sever- ance being made close to the roots. The salad not being in the least soil stained, will not require wash- ing in the ordinary way; all that is necessary being a rinse ina bowl of clean, cold water. The greenstuff is then ready for use. Of course, the pieces of flan- nel may, be used again and again, but after the growing of a crop it is desirable to free the ma- terial from the remains of the roots before making a further sow- ing. This is not quite so easy as it may appear to be at first sight, and perhaps the best way of cleansing the cloth is to let it get quite dry and then to spread it on a hard board and brush it quite clean. Ice Cream as a Health Food (AaiamaQax, HE State experiment station at Ames, Iowa, VesaRh Son has invented a new frozen dairy product WSS @i called lacto, which contains large numbers FS of lactic acid bacteria in a dormant condi- tion. Metchnikoff, the famous Russian scientist, who is at the head of the Pas- teur Institute at Paris, says that in a con- siderable measure old age is caused by the putrefactive bacteria in the intestines. These bacteria produce toxic poisons which cause ill health, old age, and finally death. He recommends as a remedy the taking into the body of lactic acid bacteria. These are entirely harmless, and they produce an acid condition in the intestines which is fatal to the putrefactive microbes. In certain districts of Bulgaria, where sour milk forms the principal article of diet, the people live to an old age not approached elsewhere. People in America do not take kindly to sour milk, and it was with the thought of furnish- ing lactic acid bateria in a more palatable form that lacto was introduced. The palatability of lacto is shown by an experiment carried on at Ames. Out of 179 persons who sampled lacto, 128 pronounced it very good, 37 good, 6 fair, and 8 poor. Comparing it with vanilla ice cream, 111 reported that they preferred lacto, 9 considered it equal to ice cream, and 59 preferred the ice cream. Comparing lacto to sherbet, 123 preferred lacto, 30 preferred sherbet, and 6 considered lacto equal to sherbet. At the college creamery both lacto and ice cream were made and sold at the same price last summer. An average of eight days’ sales showed that 46.8 per cent. of the sales were of lacto. This is a very remarkable showing for a new product. Lacto is made of loppered whole or skim milk, with the addition of sugar, eggs, lemons and flavoring material. It contains less fat than ice cream, but more protein. It has a much higher food value than sherbets and ices. Lacto can be made at a lower cost than ice cream. It cannot be so easily adulterated with gelatin, gum or corn starch. It is more digestible than ice cream, and can be eaten in almost any quantity without ill results. : Freezing does not hurt the lactic acid germs, and they retain their vitality even after the product has been stored for some time in the frozen condition. Bacteriological analyses of lacto show that it does not contain any other forms of bacteria than the lactic acid produces. This is notwithstanding the fact that no especial pains were taken to keep other bacteria out of the product, and goes to prove that lactic acid is fatal to putrefactive bacteria. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Handicraftsman stencilling; about the fabrics, the colors and the methods to be employed, but the stencil itself one is supposed to purchase WINING: Salen fe ae ready made. AY Neg Mt) However, it is not always possible to (SNF Sa NE SINS find in the shops a stencil that conforms exactly to our ideas or that harmonizes with the surround- ings in which it is to be used. Besides, there is a certain satisfaction in having the work all our own from start to finish, and also in being the proud possessor of an original design not to be found in the public market or obtainable by every chance purchaser who may have the price. __ A bilateral stencil is easily made and is often surprisingly beautiful, considering how little time and talent are neces- sary to its development. . A piece of medium weight drawing paper, either oblong or square, according to the proportion of the required stencil, is folded through the center and placed doubled, ready for drawing, with the open edge to the left; the drawing is begun on the right or closed edge of the paper, which when opened up will form the vertical axis of the design. Any flower or decorative form may be used; either fol- lowed closely as to structure or used simply as a guiding motif. The only important rule that we must have in mind is the one of growth or “tangential union” as it is called. A very simple matter—merely to remember that lines spring from about the same center and must have a har- monious relation to one another. ‘This is well illustrated by the Greek anthemion shown in the headpiece. For a simple stencil let us take for instance the flag lily, Fig. 1, or “fleur-de-lis.” We begin with one of its three upright petals, drawing only half of it against the folded edge of the paper (A) (on being cut and un- A folded it will appear com- plete). The right edge (B) of the next petal is drawn tangential to the first petal; the form of the left edge (C) of the second petal is op- tional; again the right edge of the third petal (D), which is next in order to be drawn, must be tangential to the left edge of the second petal. In other words, oppo- site edges must be har- monious. The spaces left among the petals or forms Conducted by A. Russell Bond Designing a Bilateral * Stencil By Catherine A. Jensen Fig. |—Drawing and stencil of a “fleur-de-lis” should not be larger than required to hold the paper to- gether—one-eighth to three-sixteenths inch is about right for the usual size of the stencil. In the proportionate area of one form to another, i. ¢., petals, calyxes, leaves, etc., we must follow as closely as possible to the facts as shown in our flower or plant. Na- ture is infallible in this law of beauty. In making abstract designs (which it is not advisable to do at first), avoid repeating forms of exactly the same shape and area. Neither should one draw meaningless forms, mere uneven shapes having no relation to one an- other, and with no claim to beauty in either line or pro- portion. One cannot make a beautiful whole by combin- ing several ugly or indifferent parts. The second motif used in Figs. 2A and 2B, is based on the early spring flower sometimes called ‘‘bleeding heart.” A little more latitude is allowed in these two designs, par- ticularly in Fig. 2B. ‘The lines, instead of running parallel or nearly so, aim to form between them a space that is graceful in shape and suitable in size. Large forms are sometimes divided into several parts, the separation occurring at the most slender or delicate portion of the shape (Fig. 2A) to prevent the breaking of the stencil, and also to add variety to the design. The subject for the fourth stencil, Fig. 3, is the peacock feather, treated with the necessary freedom that its con- struction requires, that is, highly conventionalized. Devel- oped in a harmonious mingling of blue, green, brown, and a little orange, as suggested by the natural object, it makes a beautiful stencil design. For a beginner, however, it is wiser to use but one, or at most two colors, in any design, and these need not in any way depend on the true color of the object used as a motif. We are in no way startled by Delft pictures of blue wind- mills and trees, or by studies of the human figure sketched in red chalk by the old masters, for a combination of graceful form and beau- tiful color is the require- ment in good design— something that will con- form to the surround- ings in which the deco- rated object is to be used. In cutting out the stencil the paper must be held double, as when drawn upon; if a board and sharp knife are not available, the paper may be held in the hand and May, 1911 cut with a small sharp-pointed scissors; in this case, how- ever, all forms that are not directly on the folded edge must be begun by piercing the center with the scissors point and cutting out a small piece so as to give freedom of movement ~) ~ Z ' fis Fig. 2A—“Bleeding heart” design If the cutting is begun directly on the line One of the stencils, for the scissors. of the design it is very apt to tear. Fig. 1, is marked with a star to show the beginning of the inner cuts. Then follow in the direction of the arrow. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS prepared oil colors, dyes, etc. cheapest, entailing very little trouble, is the ordinary wax crayon used by school children. a SS Fig. 3—Peacock feather design 169 There are numerous stencilling mediums on the market, One of the simplest and the It comes in boxes of as- Fig. 2B—Variation of the “bleeding heart” sorted colors, and can be blended by working one color over another; it can be used onany material, evenon suede leather or chamois; when applied to linen, silk or any washable ma- terial it is made permanent by pressing with a warm flatiron. Home-Built Ornamental Flower Urn sional or amateur. Yet the carving ap- pears to be rather good. Inspired by a series of articles on concrete garden fur- niture, which was published in AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS not long since, Mr. Robert Spinner, of Weehawken Heights, N. J., determined to make some experiments of his own. Instead of paying $125 to $200 for a large flower urn for his front lawn, he of a face was thickly covered with oil and set in a box filled with soft plaster of Paris until the plaster set. The mold thus formed was then oiled and filled with cement. In this way the cement faces were cast, and then they were secured to the sides of the urn with pure cement, neatly wiped so as to conceal the joint completely. Success with the small model encouraged Mr. Spinner to make the large urn. All the ornamental features were cast separately, and cemented to the sides of the urn. The monkey faces were taken from a beer pitcher, the moon faces from a jelly mold, Preliminary work and molds for the large urn undertook to construct one himself out of concrete. First a small model was made, which is shown in the illustration at the left-hand side. ‘The sides of the mold were put to- gether with screws, so that they could be taken apart with- out danger of breaking the concrete. Then a plaster model Completed concrete flower urn and the spheres were cast in a five-inch copper ball. The ball was cut in two, and each half was completely filled, after which the two hemispheres were closed one upon the other, so as to make a solid ball; a method which obtains success as marked as that in the case of the small model. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HHHSRHHHHERE whup, The rear of the house showing the court A Bungalow Made of JTerra-Cotta Blocks By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the Author LAIN and substantial in appearance, the bungalow home of Mr. F. R. Bangs, at Wareham, is most attractive. It was de- signed primarily for comfort, and _ its well-planned rooms and _ picturesque en- vironment tend to produce this desired re- sult. The low, sweeping lines of the ex- terior afford the appearance of ample space, and the two wing-like projections adjoining the main portion, break the monotony of straight lines, and, in addition, constitute with the front part three sides of a hollow square. The front of the dwelling faces the ocean, and surround- ing the remaining three sides are tracts of woodland. Emerging suddenly from a wooded path, one cannot fail to be impressed with the picturesqueness of the whole. The light and dark tints of the terra-cotta block exterior, com- bined with the red of the brick columns laid on cement foundations, the gray of the slate roof, and the white of the wooden window shutters, contrast charmingly with the varied greens of the trees, and the deep blue of the water. The house in finish is semi-fireproof, most of the floors being of brick, and many of the partitions of terra-cotta blocks, with sills of cement. On either side of the main front are loggias, used as out- door living quarters, and connecting by dull- finished North Carolina pine doors with in- terior apartments. A narrow brick terrace a tax ¥ (Ras ay ST ERRACE Floor plan May, I9I1 extends across the en- tire front, and from here the entrance door opens into a spacious apartment which serves the two- fold purpose of liv- ing-room and dining- room. Here the wall fin- ish is of terra-cotta blocks, and the floor of deep red _ brick. The rafters are left exposed to view in their rough finish, and beneath the eaves at one side is convenient storage space. Small-paned windows, of the case- ment type, are plen- tifully provided, and the paneled doors, three inches thick, opening into connect- ing rooms, are in keeping with the dig- nity of the whole. The feature of the apartment is the great fireplace at one end. Above the opening proper is a slab of fieldstone, and adorning the chimney-breast at a point level with the window tops is a mantel of North Carolina pine. At the right is a closet, and just above is a small door which opens into a recessed space, lighted from the outside by a case- ment window, which AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The dining-room zt is used for storage purposes. A similar recess tops the door at the end of the dining-room portion. To the right of the living-room open two connecting bed- rooms, each _ pro- vided with a cement fireplace with a brick hearth. The finish of these apartments is North Carolina pine, the walls being entirely paneled in this wood. The win- dows here, as in all the rooms of the bungalow, are of the casement type. Be- yond is the toilet. To the left of the main apartment is One of the bedrooms the den, finished in North Carolina pine, and characterized by a handsome terra- cotta block fireplace. From here leads a bedroom, and beyond is the kitchen, show- ing a finish of North Carolina pine, with buff - tinted plaster walls, and floor of brick. This wing ends in the wood- shed, equipped with separate exterior en- trance. One of the illustra- tions shows a kitchen provided with plas- tered. wea lls) sand paneled partitions. The cost of the house complete was $3,500. 172 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, Ig11 The Modern Kitchen By George E. Walsh Cc ME accept without question the idea that the kitchen should be both clean and _ sani- tary, but we are not always so sure that the ‘‘efficiency” of the kitchen is a matter of vital importance to every member of the household. Yet the kitchen is the = laboratory of the house where are pre- pared all of our meals and where nearly three-fourths of the actual housework must be performed. ‘The arrange- ment and equipment of the kitchen must, therefore, exert a more or less influence upon the whole matter of house- keeping, even to that of keeping servant girls. A dark, gloomy, and poorly arranged and equipped kitchen has Fig. 1—A convenient arrangement of kitchen sink and closets: been responsible for the loss of many good girls, who, otherwise satisfied, would not consent to work under such depressing surroundings. Until recently architects have not given the designing of the kitchen its proper value. It was generally the last room to consider in making plans for a house, and consequently it was tucked away in some corner without much thought of its suitableness or efficiency. Even its size was not carefully considered in its rela- tionship to the rest of the house. Even to-day we find this matter of size of the kitchen one of great variation. One house will have a small, cramped kitchen, and another an unusually large and com- modious affair. Both are wrong from the standpoint of the housewife who must use her kitchen as a workshop. The objections to the large kitchen may be apparent from a little calculation. For instance, in the preparation of es Fig. 2—-A different arrangement with the same principle of economy nearly 1,100 meals a year, it is estimated that a woman will have to walk about 200 miles, if the distance from the kitchen range to the dining-room is only 25 feet. If we add five feet to this walk, as the result of an unnecessarily large kitchen, the number of steps required will increase the distance by some 40 miles a year. There should be some definite ratio between the size of the economically arranged kitchen and the size of the house. Reduced to a scientific basis, it is estimated that for a house suitable for a family of five or under, the kitchen should average ten by twelve feet, and for larger families twelve by fourteen would be sufficient. Seldom should the kitclten exceed fourteen by fifteen feet even for the larger houses. Economy of time and labor in the kitchen must in this respect be considered as the most important factor in its efficiency. Architects in cities where buildings touch one another find the problem of designing the kitch- en, so as to get the maximum of day- light in it, a most difficult and puzzling one, but it is a maxim of the pro- fession that the kitchen must in some way be arranged around the outside of the house, if it can be possibly done, so that there are outside openings. Even so it is not always accomplished. But in the suburbs and country no such problem confronts the designer. It is easy enough to build the kitchen so that it will get all of space as Fig. | the daylight needed. But for sanitary and other reasons, the kitchen of the country house should be arranged so that it will get sunlight as well as daylight, for at least a few hours of each day. The sun is the greatest purifier and May, 1911 Fig. 3—The kitchen has an abundance of light, which is essential destroyer of germs, and its entrance into the kitchen for even a short time will do much toward improving the sani- tary conditions. The ideal location of a kitchen in the country is on the north, with windows on the east or west. ‘This permits the sun’s rays to enter it a part of the day without unduly heating it in summer, as may be the case where there is a southerly exposure. For the sake of ventilation windows should be placed on at least two sides, so that a cross draft can blow all the odors away. The interior arrangement of the kitchen must to some extent vary according to local conditions, but there should always be considered the question of economy of time and labor. The grouping of kitchen range, sink, gas stove, and closets so that one does not have to cross a long space in walking back and forth from one to the other is a matter worthy of careful attention. Some well-arranged and equipped kitchens of various sizes are shown in the illustrations, and they will help to demonstrate this point of econom- ical efficiency. The illustration shown in Fig. 1 rep- resents a convenient arrangement of a kitchen sink and closets. A window opens on either side of the sink, providing an abundance of daylight at all times. Clos- ets, with table tops and space for dishes, are built in on either side of the sink, and they get all the advantages of the light streaming in through the windows over- head. A small closet over the sink, and the dumb-waiter on the left, combine to add compactness and convenience to the whole arrangement. The kitchen range and gas stove are on the right, also close to the sink and closets. With such an arrangement one might almost sit in a chair and perform half the day’s work without rising or taking many steps. In the illustration shown in Fig. 2 we have a different arrangement, but never- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 173 theless with the same principle of econ- omy of distances carried out. The en- trance to the dining-room is close to the sink, the gas stove and the kitchen range. The outside door is placed on the other side of the range, and is conveniently reached from the center or side of the room. The windows in such a kitchen should be located opposite the range so that a draft across the room from door to windows could be created. This is a good arrangement for a square kitchen where two sides have windows or with only one side provided with such openings. In the latter case the shelves and closets should occupy the space not pierced by window openings. In the illustration presented in Fig. 3 the kitchen has the advantage of an abundance of daylight directly over the sink, where much of the work must be per- formed. Owing to its oblong shape, and comparative narrowness, the kitchen range and gas stove are placed directly opposite, instead of on one side. ‘This makes the distance from the dining-room table to sink or range about equal, and necessitates no extra steps to reach either. Likewise, the door opening outside is close to the sink. ‘The grouping of doors, windows, sink, stove and range so that it is handy to walk from one to the other makes almost an ideal arrange- ment for a kitchen of this size and shape. In the last engraving (Fig. 4), which is that of a modern kitchenette where all the cooking is done on a gas range, the convenience to the dining-room will be noted. The bell annunciator, the whistle tubes, and the electric lights are all grouped together so that one would not have to move far to attend to any of them. In actual measurements the distance from the dining-room table and the stove would be a trifle less than fifteen feet. This might save about eighty miles of steps in a year, in preparing and serving the meals, over another kitchen where the distance between table and stove was twenty-five feet; a matter of real im- portance to the kitchen worker. ; a Fig. 4—A modern kitchen where all the cooking is done on a gas range 174 Te THE DR. SYNTAX POEM AND THE SYNTAX PLATES 7 tees ie AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1911 SWE = 4 G1 th IN NY ee By Alexander M. Hudnut SUGGESTIONS TO INEXPERIENCED COLLECTORS ARK blue Staffordshire, sometimes called Historical China, is a specialty in ceramics which has a peculiar interest for lovers of Americana. The crude representa- tions of American scenes and_ buildings which appear on this ware are of consid- erable historic importance. Long for- gotten structures which existed in the early part of the nineteenth century are reproduced on the various pieces of these old dinner sets, and in many cases are the only pictures we have of these buildings. This old blue china is scarce, and the difhculty of getting together a fairly good collection of it possesses a fascination for those who are fond of collecting rarities. The articles which appear from time to time in current periodicals on this subject give much general information. Fach writer treats the subject from a different point of view, but their pur- pose seems to be to impart information to people who are quite ignorant about blue china and who may possibly, as a result of reading the article, become interested enough to start collecting. Baerearmnentcrys.. as well as old collec- tors, like to hear something about the relative market values of different plates. The selling price gives more than a_ suggestion of the rarity of a piece, and, while it is not an infallible guide to values, it helps a collector to classify this old blue ware from the commercial standpoint. Whatever refer- ences I may make on this subject are based upon my expe- rience as a collector, and I give them to you for what they are worth. ‘The literature available for one’s education in old blue Staffordshire is descriptive and historical. It Showing a collection hung on a dining-room wall leaves one in possession of a catalogue of names and photo- graphs showing how pieces will look if found. What a new collector would like to have in addition to this is a list of those plates and platters which are comparatively easy to secure; then another list of those which are moderately scarce, followed by the group of rarities and concluding with names of unique pieces. While I cannot cover this ground fully within the limits of one article, I shall try to throw a little light on the subject, mentioning some very rare pieces and making a few suggestions to the young collector. The only course available to one starting a collection seems to be the beaten track of the traditional collector. If you are looking for old blue china there is just one way to do it, and that is to go out and search for it. If you see any plates hanging in the window of an antique dealer’s store my advice to you would be to take the name of the man and make a careful inquiry as to his reliability. If you find out that he has a reputation for this, then go in to see what he has to offer. If you have been collecting for a year or so you will become a sufh- ciently good judge of blue china not to be deceived by coun- terfeits, and then you could begin to rely a little upon your own judgment. The be ¢itiaaes, should only trade with the most rep- utable_ dealers. Anyone collecting historical china would do well to obtain bound copies of the “Old China” magazine, a publi- cation which was discontinued in September, 1904. They are a little difficult to get but I should advise a collector to persist until he secures these volumes. ‘They will be of great help to him. Another valuable work on the subject of historical blue ware was written by R. T. H. Halsey, and published in May, IgII A platter with a medallion of Jefferson, Washington, Lafayette and Clinton. English view in center. Erie Canal at bottom 1899 by Dodd, Mead & Co. This book contains photo- graphic reproductions in color of blue plates and platters which give one an exact idea of how these pieces look. It is a great help to a collector to have in his mind a picture of a piece he is trying to secure. A collection of historical china in addition to the Ameri- can views, usually includes pieces showing the arms of twelve of the thirteen original states, the so-called Dr. Syntax plates and platters, the plates showing the Wilkie designs, and the Don Quixote set. Some people include in their collections the English views, but these pieces are not rare and possess but little interest for the connoisseur. Mr. Edwin Atlee Barber, secretary of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, in Philadelphia, pub- lished a book in rgor called “Anglo-American Pottery.” Mr. Barber’s book is profusely illustrated and it is one which a collector cannot afford to be without. It is full of interesting information and is one of the chief sources from which a collector draws his elementary knowledge prior to collecting. In the back part of Mr. Barber’s book is a di- rectory of collectors, which gives one the names and ad- dresses of many people who are interested in this kind of china. There are also advertisements in the back of the book which a collector will find of value. One of the purposes of this article is to talk in an in- formal way about some interesting specimens of this blue china, and to give collectors some little idea of the relative CAP APR eee ese reel = * . 2 7 os 7 + * « - ry 7 7 2 ° J s @ a fe ° Vegetable dish—‘‘Dr. Syntax Sells Griggles’’ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 175 values of different pieces. he subject of values is a diff- cult one. I have known plates to sell ten years ago for $75 each, which can be bought to-day for $8 or $10; and plates and platters of that time sold at $100, which now can not be had for $1,000. I have had a platter offered and sold to me by an out-of-town dealer for $50 when a platter of the same design was being offered for sale at a New York antique store for $250. This will show how erratic the china market is, and how very necessary it is to become well informed as to values before venturing to make purchases entirely cn one’s own judgment. The potters of Staffordshire, England, had the commer- cial instinct highly developed. There was in America an intensely bitter feeling toward England and everything which was manufactured there. The effects of the Revolu- tionary War had not subsided when the War of 1812 broke out, and about the year 1820, when the Staffordshire pot- teries commenced to decorate their ware with American views the attitude of Americans toward British goods was extremely hostile. Notwithstanding this fact, English artists were sent over to America by the Staffordshire pot- A platter showing ‘““The Errand Boy,” one of the Wilkie series ters with instructions to make sketches of American scenes, American buildings, and some of the prominent American cities. “These sketches and paintings were afterward put in the hands of engravers, who reproduced them on copper plates, and then the process of transferring these copper plate engravings to the china was introduced. When we look over the views which these English artists made, we are amused at their choice of subjects. “They might have done a great deal better had they been more thoroughly familiar with: our country, and it may be said also that they could have done far worse than they did. They made sketches of some of the Harvard buildings, also Columbia, but they entirely overlooked Yale and Princeton Univer- sities. They made sketches of seven American churches and by good luck they made a very representative selection. They favored the cities of New York, Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia, making a larger number of sketches in these than they did elsewhere, which was quite proper. They made a flying trip through the Middle West, in their search for important cities, and made sketches of Detroit, Louisville, Sandusky, Columbus and one or two other towns. In their search for scenery they favored the Hud- son River and the Erie Canal. 176 AMERICAN HOMES One of the devices they adopted for the purpose of making this china popu- lar in the United States was to print on the upper edge of a plate or platter a medallion portrait of some prominent and popular American or friend of America. On many plates will appear simply a single medallion. On others there will be two medallions: Washing- ton and Lafayette, and on some few of the platters, heads of Jefferson, Wash- ington, Lafayette and Clinton appear. One of the most curious things these potters did was to select a plate or plat- ter which had an English view on it, and to place on the upper margin me- dallion portraits of the four prominent men just mentioned, and at the bottom margin of the platter, beneath the Eng- lish view, some scene along the Erie Canal. The second illustration shows a platter containing a view of Hare- wood Hall, York, England. At the top are medallion portraits of Jetter- son, Washington, Lafayette, and Clin- ton, at the bottom is a picture of the Erie Canal at Albany. ‘The platter was made by Stevenson, and has the oak-leaf and acorn border, which was characteristic of Stevenson’s ware. This particular platter hung in one of the cases of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington for about ten years, and was supposed by everyone to belong to that institution, but it was discovered that this collection had been merely loaned, and it was the intention of the owner to withdraw it and sell it. In AND GARDENS May, 1911 view appears also on a 3%-inch cup plate. An “Errand Boy” platter in proof condition would be worth $250. Mr. Frederick Keppel, in his admir- able book, “‘The Golden Age of En- graving,”’ says of Sir David Wilkie, that ’ as early as 1825 he “had produced both etching and dry-point work of the right sort.” Wilkie was born in 1785 and died in 1841. Another series of blue Staffordshire ware is known as “Dr. Syntax plates.” . They are beautiful and decorative. Many of them are excessively rare. One’s pleasure in considering this group of plates can be heightened by a little knowledge about the “Dr. Syn- tax Poem.” In May, 1809, there ap- peared in London a magazine called the ‘‘Poetical Magazine,” and the Syn- tax poem, then called ‘““The Schoolmas- ter’s Tour,” started with this number. Its publisher was Mr. R. Ackermann. This magazine came out once a month, and its specialty was the reproduction of original compositions, especially drawings. There was employed by Mr. Ackermann, an old gentleman of good literary ability, and of a poetical turn of mind, who wrote metrical illus- trations of these prints as they ap- peared in the “Poetical Magazine.” His articles were all unsigned, and the general public were in ignorance as to his identity. A well-known artist by the name of Rowlandson started a series of pictures which appeared to tell a continuous story. ‘The first Row- : ' c 2 1A RACE It Three very unusual Syntax plates ‘olor. The : . : : : this way a number of the pieces came upper one, “Dr. Syntan at Homes the avddie one landson etching in this magazinewgmas : . : C Beit ee “Dr. Syntax Setting Out for London,” otto “For c . into the collection of the writer. My Dean Boy's the bettors plas ey on et 6ealled “Doctor Syntax settinemontmom Travels.”’ ‘ The so-called medallion pieces have always been very rare, and collectors would do well to pick them up whenever an opportunity offers. It might be mentioned in this connec- tion that Harewood Hall was one of the views selected by Josiah Wedgwood for the decoration of the Imperial Russian dinner service which he made in 1774 for Cath- erine II, Empress of Rus- sia. I thought this might be of interest in view of the fact that this dinner service is perhaps the most famous one in Europe and_ odd pieces from it are greatly sought by china collectors. Seven designs drawn by the famous Scotch artist, Sir David Wilkie, were repro- duced on old blue china by the Messrs. Clews, and are known as the “Wilkie plates.” The rarest one of this series is the 19% by 1434 inch platter called the “Errand Boy,” as shown by Inside of fruit dish showing the very rare view of “Dr. Syntax Enter- tained at College” the illustration. Part of this his tour to the lakes.” The first draw- ings of this series were sub- mitted to the unknown writer referred to above, and at the request of Mr. Ackermann he started to write in verse a description of these pic- tures, recounting the adven- tures and travels of a certain mythical personage known as the Rev. Dr. Syntax. What the pictures failed to por- tray, the author supplied from his imagination. When we consider that this series of prints came out month by month during a period of two years, and that a poem was spun around them which, when completed, amounted to ten thousand lines, we are forced to admit that the achievement is unique in its conception and accomplish- ment. It possesses, above every other feature, the quality of originality. Weare told that the artist and the writer had absolutely no per- sonal connection or knowl- edge of each other, and the May, I9II chances are that they never became acquainted. After the ‘Poetical Magazine” had published this series of prints and the story told in verse which went along with them, the reading public of Lon- don exhibited an unusual degree of interest in this fictitious history of Dr. Syntax, and numerous re- quests were sent to Mr. Ackermann that he repro- duce in book form the Syn- tax poem. The writer and the artist were both con- sulted, and agreed to revise their work as far as pos- sible, and get it ready for publication. The result was the publication, in the year 1812, of the first vol- ume, which was called ‘“‘A Tour in Search of the Pic- turesque, by the Rey. Dr. Syntax,” and the title page of the book gives the fol- lowing information: —penemammra ‘ “Published May rst, 1812, at R. Ackermann’s Repository of Arts, ror Strand,” and on the colored prints, which are numerous throughout the book, tures. hand. Adtachichde dehy hate detache ttt tne A SM yond ; ¥) Pies Sau UCUw Cover of tureen showing the rare view, ““Ihe Banns Forbidden” AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 177 is given up to a description of his wanderings and adven- These Rowlandson etchings were all colored by This fact becomes evident by comparing the colored prints of the ‘Poetical Mag- azine’ with those which appeared in the first edi- tion of the Syntax poem, “The Tour of Doctor Syn- tax in Search of the Pictur- esque.” In cases where the prints were made from the same plate the pigments used differ in each impres- sion, showing that the artists who did the color- ing were not particular about matching their shades. This comparison also reveals the fact that in the printed volume of 1812 Rowlandson did not use all of the old plates, but etched new ones and _ in- serted some which did not appear at all in the ‘Poetical Magazine.” The second volume in this series was not printed until August rst, 1820, and is called ‘‘The Second Tour of Dr. Inside of tureen—‘**Dr. Syntax Setting Out on His Second Tour”’ we find the following: “Designed and etched by Rowland- This first volume, in brief, described Dr. Syntax as being a poor clergyman, and having a hard struggle to get along. He appears in the poem to have had a number ”) son. of accomplishments; among them, he was a very good artist, and a fairly skillful musician. Mrs. Syn- tax was not a very lovable woman, judg- ing by Rowlandson’s She pictures. was rather ungainly in appearance, and somewhat given to nagging. Dr. Syn- tax finally decided that he could get along better if he gave up preaching and went out on a So he mounted his old horse, taking along his sketching materials and his violin, and the first volume sketching tour. Three cup plates making the view of ‘“‘Dr. Syntax and the Gypsies” ” Syntax in Search of Consolation.” hurried examination of this second volume, but judging by careful perusal of the illustrations, I conclude that Mrs. Syntax died, and Dr. Syntax, while not absolutely pros- cu by highwaymen. He attended school commencements and university banquets. ofhciated at a marriage ceremony, and there are very few Soup tureen showing “Dr. Syntax and the Gypsies” I have only made a trated by grief, felt that he had met with a great loss, and must seek consola- tion somewhere. This seems to have been his excuse for a second tour, more ex- tended than the first, and) one nine a greater variety of adventure. He was entertained at one time by gypsies, and later on was captured young ladies’ boarding Once he 178 things that one might trump up in their imagination which Dr. Syntax did not do, according to this simple, old-fash- ioned tale. He seems to have had his share of experiences with horses, as he sold and traded frequently in these, and in one of the pictures some one had palmed off on him a blind horse, which is represented as rushing madly into a stage coach with Dr. Syntax on his back, terribly fright- ened and minus his wig, which had been jostled off. It seems to have been during this tour that Dr. Syntax decided that he would marry a second time, so in the third volume, published May rst, 1821, we see on the title page the ‘Third our of Mr. Syntax in Search of a Wate =A\s far as I have been able to discover he did not have very good luck at first in finding a wife, although he seems to have interviewed a great many people with this object in view. Finally, he advertised for a wife, and there is an illustration showing the doctor standing in a room, sur- rounded by a crowd of females, all of them struggling for supremacy. It was about the year 1820, or a little later, that the Staffordshire potters in England commenced to decorate their china with popular subjects, and inasmuch as the story of Dr. Syntax had awakened widespread interest through- out England, these Staffordshire potters reproduced on their plates and platters the most interesting of Rowlandson’s drawings. The author of the Syntax poem was 80 years old at the time of the publication ‘of the third volume. His identity is not positively known. Modern editions of the Dr. Syntax poem, ascribe the authorship to William Combe. In the Syntax poem there are eighty colored illustrations by the artist, caricaturist, and ‘“‘well-known print seller of the Strand,” T. Rowlandson, to whom we have already re- ferred. Thirty-seven of these views have been reproduced on Staffordshire ware. There may be others which have not yet been discovered. Collectors are interested in this series, because of their rarity and because they are among the most perfect specimens of dark blue printing to be found. The rarest Syntax piece, without doubt, is “Dr. Syntax Entertained at College.” I only know of the existence of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, IgII one, which is in my own collection. I have heard rumors that there was another, but have never been able to locate it. Next in importance and rarity comes the large ‘‘Har- vest Home” platter. At the Burritt sale, several years ago, in the American Art Rooms in New York, one sold for $470. Since that time I have not heard of one being of- fered for sale. The “Harvest Home” scene occurs also on a large punch bowl. “Dr. Syntax and the Gypsies,” which appears on the sides of a soup tureen, and also on three cup plates, is another rare view. The unusual picture, ‘“The Banns For- bidden,” appears on the cover of this tureen, and I have never seen it on any other piece of blue ware. The three cup plates making up the picture of “Dr. Syntax and the Gypsies” are very hard to find. Separately they are worth about $35 each. Together the three are worth $150. Next in rarity to the pieces mentioned are the platters: ‘Dr. Syntax Sells Griggles,” “Pat in the Pond,” “Noble Hunt- ing Party’; and the plates: ‘Dr. Syntax Sketching the Lake,” “Dr. Syntax Setting Out on His First Tour,” “Dr. Syntax Setting Out on His Second Tour.” The plates in colors, three of which are shown in the illustration, are not exact reproductions of the Rowlandson drawings. ‘They belong to a later period. The work is crude and the maker is unknown. ‘They are very hard to find, Although only thirty-seven Syntax pictures have been printed on blue Staffordshire plates there are a great many varieties of these pictures. For example, “Dr. Syntax Sketching the Lake” appears on a small plate, the back- ground being white, the border having a decoration of pale green and white rosettes, and the picture itself in the center of the plate being the regular Staffordshire blue. This same scene appears on the ladle of a gravy boat. A num- ber of the Syntax views appears on plates with different borders, showing that some other potter besides Clews undertook to reproduce these Rowlandson pictures. Some of the scenes will occur on a platter, also on a plate, and again on a gravy boat or in the bottom of a soup tureen. Collectors usually accept these different varieties, and con- sider them distinctive pieces in their collections. _ Note.—Mr. Hudnut will continue his paper on Dark Blue Staffordshire in the June issue of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. depicting American scenes. It will be illustrated by the historical plates May, I9I11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 179 ee LEE nn 1” Fig. 1—Cobblestones and brown-stained shingles are used for the exterior of this bungalow Bungalows of Interesting lype By Robert Prescott QA type of houses which have been erected in lower California during the past few years, the more one appreciates the value of the bungalow, which has become of peculiar interest to the home builder of that section of the country. So free in architectural form and simple in construction has this kind of building become in its conception that it has fixed a standard which is now accepted as the best type of bunga- low now being built. There is no question but that this style of building is the cheapest example of frame con- struction that can be erected at the present time, and, while there is no doubt as to its being best suited to the climatic conditions of the western coast, it can also be easily adapted to the needs of the people of the East. The cheapness of these buildings is, of course, the direct result of the char- acter of their construction, for while a cellar, for instance, is necessary for a dwelling of any kind built in the East, which is to be used for both winter and summer, it is eliminated in California for the reason that the climatic conditions are such as to make it perfectly safe to health = ——— NG Z\ ———"*"N a= ~ hiladelphus HEBD 5 LKR ce A a 3 N eae 3 Fortune: cae AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 203 of the house, or about 60 feet deep. This lot is on a south- ern exposure of a hill, and has no shade except that cast by a barn on an adjoining lot. “There is an embankment. around the house about 18 inches above grade and about 6 feet wide. “I want a 6-foot driveway to run from the street alongside of the house, to allow coal teams to enter. The lot has a down slope of about 3 feet in 60 toward the west. “T think I should like some kind of hedge along the front of the lot and some kind of tall flowers, or grass, or shrub along the picket fence. “I am in doubt as to whether that part of the garden shaded by the barn will show the loss of the sun and not thrive as well as the sunny parts.” The conditions as set forth in the above letter are, we think, well satis- fied in the accompanying plans, “A Sketch Plan for a Small Flower Gar- den,” which shows road, hedge, flower aa 1 _ Resa Rugosa Rose Reese we CA SY: | — a) Spiraea Gs Bota Harp YO Z oes Van : OE TE aS aCe Houttei i 53 = v Walk 2 Anas eo 5 A y FTOUSE | a cays S x not as_ useful Vo es Ss as it might be. ~ > pe at It shows a S44 a : ( Resa Ru gosa Toga Rageosa 5) Gis 3 a convenient ns ¢ Mme Geo. Braamt & RB. Bag. Alba ro Gs 3 . rangement, Wa. Pe pr oF oe ees due however, and one that will 4 always look well and that will be easy % to kee in or- Border of Canaitoft Border Of Pansies Sere of Sweet Alyssom Border of Rehotrapd der P Salvia Ziggias eee mous Petupras Mavigolds ~ 7 8 9 Tite her §€ i) baceous bor- @ Woe Weigelias 8 der, the shrub 2 Yiela gree Dianthus Deltoides Achillea “Pear(" Sweet Tam Phiox Subslata Dretia (Daltoides 5 oh border ial the & wee Jap. Anemome Diatycoder SEAT sahifelie As Phlox i agent : 5 eedia G Ir; E20. or = plot for an- K MeorF Veronica eur. fe , Paeonies Tus Glovg io - emerocalllis Hemerocallis Canterbury Betis nua ] S ar € Belianthus Vow a uly a1 Golden(_ pleasing f at 7 Miss Medbish Monkshood Aster Nov. Ano. Larkspur Lilium Candidum Glow ji - Picket Feoce furcecs, and N properly car- g SKETCH PLAN FORA ee ae Se ried out would . crane et ah s SMALL FLOWER GAR DEN give any place N distinction. 4 “I am enclosing sketch of grounds upon which I have recently built a house costing $8,000, and I would appre- ciate it if you would lay out on this sketch a suitable plan for a garden—one not too expensive. “My lot is 60 feet front and 145 feet deep. I desire to have a flower garden run from the street line to the end garden with grass paths, tall things against the picket fence, and planting on the embankment around the house. It will be noticed that there is a path and a seat on the axis of the dining-room windows, and that the scheme is simple. and inexpensive, but thoroughly practicable, and very good to look at. The barn shadow will be a help. 204 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, IgII A Garden Miniature Arbor By George A. Avery SOMEWHAT frail and perishable trifle this, that rears its rustic form in all the majesty of leaves; or a thing that gives the little builder a fair castle which puts out of business for an outing day its neighboring big house in the rear. But we are sure that cosiness reigns within the enclosure; the patchy lights and shades are as real as those that suffuse an imperial pergola; and withal, the cool re- treat is more than a possession, it is a creation, built by Fig. |—The arbor in construction, with upright posts covered with wire the hands and wits of the youthful architects, who are en- joying within, a 5 o’clock tea. Any child as old as they can make one a little better or a little worse with the means at hand, which comprise garden dimensions of small extent, no mechanical skill, and only a few cents’ worth of outlay. When finished, no child labor contributory to its erection could have its stick more deeply notched by success than in this work of so pleasing a form, embracing so comfortable a nest. ‘he whole effect is charming and the chances for enjoyment are so fine within its shady precinct that one could scarce suggest a better novelty for the children’s play- ground acre. It might be that, even if this arbor plan and scope had been calculated out to a hair by an expert, no better result could have been reached, for it is an ideal shelter, and one bound to feel its way into a child’s ambition to imitate or to excel. In the engraving, the first work is shown in Fig. 1, and it gives a view of the skeleton or frame of both a flat roofed and a pinnacled arbor, the smaller of which is seen to be stanch enough to support the use of a ladder in its con- struction. ‘The completed work is in Fig. 2 where the up- right posts of the tepee frame are hidden by foliage. An odd bit of planning (Fig. 1) is exhibited by having the uprights in the rear extend beyond the base, while the front ones are well within the enclosure. Whether this was simply doing the builders mechanical worst, or was intended to make a small open court effect up to the edge or front of the tea table, is a question. But, like all other items of eek. % % 1h... 7 Fig. 2—The completed arbor covered with vines this novelty in construction, it is a mere detail, and one may go on extending the wire round the rear, sides, and part way up the front, and tie and nail and brace without any particular concern, for time will cover all inequalities with an ample outergrowth of grapevine, morning-glory, wistaria, or any one of a multitude of green climbing plants with eager tendrils. An appreciation of the value of the arborette is made easy by the exceptional picture of the doll’s party at a table spread with petite ware and good things enjoyed by the youthful arborites, an accomplishment which is likely to make a practical breach in many of the old-fashioned forms of outdoor playhouse amusements, for instance, such as the mud-pie bakery. So one may apprehend, who does not lack prophetic instinct, that structures such as these will yet dot many a yard or garden in the summer season, and be a bower where the child arbor-wife can entertain her little guests, the studiously inclined youth can work in peace, or the boy and his dog can hold their leafy fort. May, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS GARDEN NOTES CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DOWNING LAY MY MINIATURE GARDEN By Mrs. P. L. GILL AST summer we rented a small house on the north shore of Long Island. There was quite a little ground around the dwelling, so I determined to grow my own vegetables. I knew nothing at a!l about gardening and my plan was much ridiculed by my family and friends. I was told that the garden would be a failure and that what- ever | did get out of it would cost me many times more than the vegetables I could buy. So much fun was made of my proj- ect that I determined to keep strict account of every cent I spent on the garden and of everything I got out of it, the latter valued at the market prices. I selected a plot of ground about 30x35 feet at the back of our lot, and early in May engaged an old German to spade it up, plant the seeds and take care of it for me until we took possession of the house the first of June. His time amounted to $2.25. He used 75 cents worth of fertilizer, and planted radishes, beets, peas, string beans, corn and lettuce, the seeds costing 65 cents. He also set out six tomato plants and one row of lettuce plants, amounting to 25 cents. He laid out the garden in twelve 30-foot rows made up as follows: Four rows of peas, two rows of string beans, two rows of radishes (when they were exhausted we planted our second lot of beets in their place), two rows of let- tuce, one row of beets, one row of tomatoes and four rows of corn in two plantings. My further expenses were as follows: 50-foot hose and nozzle........... $5.29 “LGW EL 2: oe ee 29 254°... 6240.0 Ue ee 33 ESIFIALE MMCASHEC: 5.25 ee eee ees 20 2 packages beet seeds for second (LAtHGC ee: 2 oo Ee 10 Frames for tomato plants and man’s bes Setting thei up... 6.256: i) $6.96 These, with the items cited before, that is, the man’s labor, the seeds and plants, made a total of $10.86. This was my en- tire outlay on the garden. Perhaps it was not quite fair to charge up the entire cost of the hose and gardening implements, for of course they were in perfectly good con- dition at the end of the summer and can be used again. But the season was, as any gardener will remember, an exceedingly dry one, and I feel that the hose fully paid for itself in keeping the plants in good con- dition through the long drought. After we moved to the country the first of June, I did all the work of the garden myself. One of my mistakes, and I made a good many, was that I had planned too small a garden. I am not strong and I was afraid, being totally unused to the work, that I would not be able to look after a larger piece of ground. I found, however, that I could have worked a piece twice the size—and doubled my profits. But to go back—as I said, I did all the work myself, except for a little help on Saturdays and Sundays from my busy husband. Here is a list of what we got out of the (Continued on page xxi) CONSIDER THE LILIES By GLADYS HYATT SINCLAIR ANY people have a strong fondness for lilies and roses who care very little for lesser flowers. Yet they seem to think “having flowers” means having quantities of annuals and peren- nials with here and there one of their great favorites. The expense involved deters some from investing in the gar- den queens; the mere lack of boldness and determination to have what they want and leave the rest seems to hold others to the conventional mixture. Isn’t it a little odd that, while we Americans are so quick and vigorous in maintaining our individual preferences in music and books, in buildings and fur- nishings and dress, we should think our gardens must ever hold the same flowers that grace our neighbors’ gardens, only venturing a change of arrangement? Why doesn’t the man who has numbers of his favorite, the setter, have all sorts of his favorite, the carnation? Why does the woman gardener who delights in lil- ies as she does in Persian kittens, eschew every other animal and grow every other flower? Many places large enough to have everything and a rose garden have the rose garden; but why do we so signally fail to consider the lilies? Of their maj- esty and beauty there is no question; but I think most lily worshippers do not know that there are lilies enough to sat- isfy the most ambitious, to please the most fastidious and to keep a garden a-bloom from May to October. In many Oriental languages, according to good authority, lily means a flower— a blossom. To most of us the lily brings the image of purity and the white lilies are the prime favorites of their family. Of these the old, old Madonna lily (Luil- lium candidum), is the easiest to grow, most dependable and one of the most beautiful. It is the same hardy white lily that graced our grandmothers’ box- bordered gardens, finding their severe lines and formal arrangement the very best setting for its immaculate and nun- like beauty. Candidum bulbs of the largest size cost but one dollar and fifty cents a dozen, or ten dollars a hundred. They must be ordered early and planted in August or early September before their autumn growth begins. The bulbs should go a foot apart,.as they multiply rapidly. In my experience and that of others, candidum is the only lily not benefitted by deep planting. A covering of three inches is enough for large bulbs, where other lilies would need six. It is a sorry fact that the “lily disease,” a sort of blight, is partial to the candi- dum. Dusting the bulbs with sulphur before planting helps, and Bordeaux mixture sprayed on the foliage every spring before the blight gets a foothold, is the best preventative. L. candidum blooms in June and July. When stalks with one or two open flowers are cut and placed in water every flower will open and the house will be filled with exquisite perfume for a week. It is best to plant XV PP ootted Dutch + BULBS FREE | 4 ThisFreeOffer to July1, 1911 | As an extra inducement to order ||| your Bulbs early and to avoid being rushed later in the season, we wll } give FREE to the first 1000 people | sending orders for $5.00 or more, 100 Beautiful Assorted Narcissus Bulbs, suitable for naturalizing or bedding. These are all hardy, /mported Dutch | Bulbs. This offer is good until July 1, only. Order early or you may be disappointed. e e We are Specialists in Dutch Bulbs andimport direct fromimmense | stock in Holland, controlled exclusively by us. We therefore seil you these Superior Imported Bulbs as low as wholesale prices on ordinary American stock. We import to order only— | so do not wait until Fall to purchase stock. Send today fr our Import Price List and save 207, to WG on | your order. Write at onceas you may not see this vifer again. A. S. DREYER COMPANY Bulb Importers 482 Judd Street, WOODSTOCK, ILL. ————— | If ouradvertisement describing this wonderful insecticide escaped your attention last month, let us write you direct respecting its great efficiency for destroying the insect pests infesting both flower and vegetable plants. For full information address APHINE MANUFACTURING CO., Madison, N. J. CYCLONE ENCES and Gates for Farm, Home, Parks, or Cemeteries. Increase BEE property values. Strong, Lasting, Handsome. Easily erected — ail heights up to 10 feet. Our catalog and prices will interest you. Wepay freight, THE CYCLONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE Co. 1235 East 55th Street Cleveland, Ohio ~“Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book that tells about the w Snde ful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer- ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalo gue—Free. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 E Penn St, Reading, Pa) Pergolas Ready to Set Up WE ship these pergolas in crated sec- tions with simple instructions that will enable any one handy with toels to quickly and easily assemble them. They are so much cheaper than similar equipment when made to order, that even the owners of modest-priced homescan now afford to beautify their gardens with a pergola of absolutely correct design and attractive appearance. Send today for tkis book showing various styles of pergolas, also gateways, posts, bound- PERGOLA | ary markers, etc. | _ BOOK | cae fs | The Pergola Co. 155 LaSalle Street CHICAGO ILL. we xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | May, 1911. them in the open sun, although they do well with a south and east or a south and west exposure, Next to candidum, among white lil- ies, stands L. speciosum album. It blooms in August, not long after can- didum, ir: the cooler states. Each petal of this lovely lily has a pale green band through its center and the growth of the plant is much more free, but less digni- fied, than L. candidum. All the specio- sums are thrifty and hardy with protec- tion. They can stand open planting when near large bodies of water, but in inland gardens do better in the shade of Y C h Pee trees. Care must be taken, when planting here, that the lilies are not Our OWT?) ottage at the robbed of food by the trees. L. longiflorum, though oftenest seen in Seaside Or Mou ntains the hothouse, can be grown in the garden | 1f well protected in winter. Its long, HE matter of expense need not stand in the waxen trumpets are just as wonderful way of your having a real vacation in the hills under a June moon as on Easter morning or at the seashore. Hodgson Cottages solve —and I have known bulbs to bloom at the problem. If you do not know all about how we Faster and again, after a rest, in June. have combined home comfort and attractiveness with The old European Turk’s cap lily has true economy in produced a white variety, L. Martagon album, having the same cluster of small Hi O D ‘Ge S O N lilies as its purple parent; and while we welcome this newcomer as being hardy Portable Houses and thrifty, and pretty, its white is far wo from being the glistening waxen thing it will be worth your while to look over our beautiful 1911 catalog. : it Al rag Tae Ib We haye widened out in our twelve years of portable cottage we Ca lly white. - tb artagon album building. You will be sure to find something in the long line of 1s grown more extensively In England Hodgson Portable Cottages, Lodges, Bungalows, Retreats and than here and few dealers catalogue rite, Seaside and Mountain “Summer Homes,” that will meet your Of lilies white with pink or crimson, “quirements Tell-designed Porches, Verandas, § -arlors, ° 3 ae Cores. piles herein Bea pace) L. speciosum rubrum is undoubtedly the Garages for one or more cars—all of substantial character. best for American gardens. Its flowers We build to withstand the severest storms. We will be glad are large, the recurved petals painted to mail you catalog on request. with rich crimson and with spots of E.F. HODGSON CO.. — 121 Adams Square, Boston, Mass. darker shade. It blooms ued aaa after speciosum album, usually early in September. The variety roseum is often confounded, by dealers, with rubrum, the only difference being roseum’s lighter tint of red. Speciosum punctatum is white, not stained at all, but with dis- tinct rose-colored dots on each snowy petal. And from Massachusetts, not so long ago, came the glorious speciosum Melpomene. This is a rich ruby-red lily with spots of darkest garnet. It is some- times sold as speciosum magnificum. All the speciosums are valuable lilies, will- ing to grow and bloom if they have half a chance. If trees are not available as shade for them, an eastern exposure, in front of shrubs or a wall, is next choice. L. Washingtonianum is a California lily. In that state it grows as high as five feet, and bears twenty very fragrant white blossoms with reddish-pink stain- ing and fine purple dots. Then it must be a beauty, indeed. But it is not easy to grow in the East, and is usually about two feet high, with from three to eight blooms. It needs more petting than most gardeners are willing to give. It is a great pity that the glorious gold-banded L. auratum develops a fun- goid disease of the bulbs in America, and it disappears completely after a year or two in our gardens. It has one of the largest of lily blooms and carries its flowers so as to show their fullest beauty. Nothing could be finer than these great open gold-banded, crimson-dotted lilies with their heavy Oriental scent. When a dozen of these bulbs of che largest size cost but two dollars and fifty cents, it scarcely seems possible that the first one brought to this country was sold for ninety dollars. At their present price all lily gardens may have a few of the queenly auratums, even though they need renewing often. Plant them with WILLOWCRAFT is not a fad nor a fancy. It is simply the creation of a furniture period— a renaissance in willow work. You have only to view the genuine “Willoweratt’’ to feel the atmosphere of artistic treatment—exclusive— rich—effective—correct. And its constructive quality gives a lifetime of service. Yet prices make for true economy. Ask your dealer for genuine ‘‘Willoweraft’? and look for the ‘‘Willoweraft’’ stamp. Illustrated catalogue, names of ‘‘Willowcraft’’ dealers and price list free. THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS Box A. NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. the impression that our stock is high priced. It is, however, exclusive in design, and it is also true that we have had the patronage of the most discrimi- nating and particular people in all parts of the country. The reputation of our furniture has been built upon distinctive features, such as, the simple artistic lines of our de- signs, solid construction, and a variety of custom finishes. Our cottage furniture is especially adapted for both Shore or Country houses where a simple, harmonious and artistic effect is desired, conforming with the sur- roundings, and yet not sacrificing one’s comfort. Shipments are carefully crated, insur- ing safe delivery. Send for complete set No.!! of over 200 illustrations, WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO. MANUFACTURERS 32 Canal Street - - Boston, Mass. I: is far from our intention to create (Continued on page xxii) May, IgI1 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xVil Spring House Cleaning HE time for spring house cleaning is here. Don’t attempt to clean your carpets by taking them up, but rather use a vacuum cleaner. With one of these machines several rooms can be cleaned each day. Carpets that are so old and worn they couldn’t possibly stand being taken up and being beaten can be cleaned right on the floor without tearing them at all, and oh, the quantity of dirt that comes from them; it makes one ashamed to think that so much dirt had accumulated. For cleaning mattresses and tufted furniture there is nothing that comes up to it. There is an attachment which also comes for the cleaning of~ this . walls. No woman who has tried method of cleaning house will ever be satisfied to do her spring and fall clean- ing in any other way. It is necessary, of course, to have two persons to work the machine, one to pump, the other to use the tube. It is a wonderfully satisfactory way of cleaning house, and so quickly ac- complished, and very cheap at that. Car- pets can be just as beautifully cleaned on the floor as though they had been taken up and beaten in the good old-fash- ioned way, with all the effort to take out the tacks, brush oft the carpet paper and wash up the floors. The cleaning is done without a particle of dust flying about, which would be greatly appreciated by the one who must clean. When renovating and _ refurnishing your summer house look to the comforts and conveniences of the guest room. Any guest will greatly appreciate a set of cre- tonne or silk covered coat hangers. It is very annoying to find when one goes visiting that they have thoughtlessly left behind their coat hangers, or perhaps their trunk or suit case would not accom- modate them. If the guest room is well equipped with hangers, which are so nec- essary for the good appearance of the clothes, it will be a great satisfaction to your guest. Also a pair of trouser hang- ers will be a nice addition to the comforts of the guest room. A soiled clothes bag, paper, pen and ink also go to making your guest comfortable. These little things cost very little more than the thought of them, but will be greatly ap- preciated, no doubt, by the occupants of your guest rooms. As a last thought, be sure that in plain view is a well-filled work basket, with coarse and fine cotton, needles, silk, emery, tape measure, thim- ble, scissors, etc. The following way will be found excel- lent for the treatment of matting’ which has become faded—that is, to paint the matting with a varnish wood stain. Be- fore applying the stain, however, the mat- ting should be thoroughly cleaned, first brushing with a soft brush and washing up with clean cold water. When the mat- ting is quite dry apply the varnish wood stain, which, if painted, one light coat will be sufficient. A particularly good color is light willow green varnish stain. The floor can he treated as an ordinary paint- ed floor. HELPS FOR THE HOUSEWIFE BY MARGARET SEXTON ‘paste with a woolen cloth. ‘things. Though good care is taken of them, gilt frames often become tarnished, and just what to do with them to make them “look just like new” is a problem. They can be so easily and satisfactorily cleaned by using ordinary gin and a camel’s hair brush. The gin can be used without fear of injuring the gilt, and the soft brush will clean every crack and crevice. After the gin has been used the frame should be polished with a soft cloth. The result will be very satisfactory. Nothing will clean mirrors more beau- tifully than the following way—all dul- ness and specks quickly disappear under the process: Add to a teaspoon of whit- ing sufficient cold tea to make a paste. - Before applying the paste, wash the mir- ror off with a little warm tea. Dry well with a soft flannel cloth, then apply the When the entire surface of the mirror has been rubbed off with the paste, then polish off the mirror with a goodly quantity of tis- sue paper. This is soft and will not scratch the mirror and has the virtue of being an excellent polisher. Never use soap on white wicker furni- ture when you wish to clean it. The in- clination is to do this, as it does not seem possible to clean the furniture, or, in fact, anything that can be washed without using soap. - But-it is a possible-thing to clean wicker furniture beautifully with a strong solution of salt and water. Soap will surely turn wicker yellow if used on it. If you wish to “refresh” your wicker furniture entirely, if it is shabby looking. after washing it, paint it, being careful to have the paint well mixed, also thinned out to the proper consistency. A very effective way to treat wicker furniture is to paint it dull black and make cushions for your chair and couch of material khaki color. Khaki itself is quite well enough to use and makes a really very good looking room. The season for waging war against moths will soon be here. In another month the careful housekeeper will be putting winter flannels and winter clothes in general away where moths cannot get at them. Of course, there is*supposed to be nothing better than a cedar chest, but not every one can afford these efficient A good substitute for a cedar chest can be made by painting with a small paint brush an ordinary closet with cedar oil. Be careful to go into every crack and crevice. The result will be an excellent mothproof closet, with very small expense and very little trouble. The uses of turpentine are many, both for cleaning and medicinal purposes. It is cheap and does its work well. After scouring closets and shelves clean, use turpentine generously over these scrubbed places. It will drive away any possible vermin, such as roaches, ants and mice. The odor is not bad, being a clean smell. When doing the spring cleaning, take apart all the beds. After washing all the parts with cold water and soap, dip a paint brush into turpentine and go over all the beds wherever there is any chance of bugs. Artistic Light for the Home Merely light —the light must be dif- have enough to is not refined, evenly fused and artistic. A good electric light for reading or playing the piano must not be glaring —but it will be un- less it has the right Reg. U8. Pat. Off globe. That is why I make over 2,000 styles of electric lighting glass. These globes and des not only control the light and make it effective as illumination, but they make it decora- tive as well. They mellow the brilliancy — they tone the harsh, bare light, making it blend agreeably with the room as a whole, and greatly enhancing its beauty. Write for my catalogue and learn about my 2,000 styles of electric light- ing glass, in all shapes and colors and in silk, satin and velvet finishes. This catalogue will help you select the right glass for every electric light, so that you can get just the effect you want. Send for it—then buy of your dealer. MAaAcBETH Macbeth-Evans Glass Company Pittsburgh CHICAGO: PHILADELPHIA: 178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth Street New York: 19 West 30th Street SEWAGE DISPOSAL Without Sewers FOR COUNTRY HOMES Illustrated Booklet Free Address Ashley House Sewage Disposal Co. 115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, Ill. mammmes Patented CHICAGO SUNCLOTHES DRYER FOR LAWN USE us Eliminates clothes posts; is DORON park 65 can be removed when not in use, he feet of line. Excels all others in strength, duravility and convenience in handling Each arm operates independently. W a8 opened, arms lock in position and stret lines. When closed, arms lock auton atically. Best and most satisfactory lawn dryer made. Write for FREE folder No. 2. THE CHICAGO DRYER CO. 383 Wabash Ave., Dept. 22, Chicago ( SHADE 0 ROLLERS Original and unequal led. Wood ortin rollers ‘Improved"" requires no ta cks. Inventor's signature on gm 6 Xvill AMERICAN HOMES -AND GARDENS May, Ig11 BOUND VOLUMES OF AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS 1310 Illustrations 191) 492 Pages, Price $5 BOBBINK & ATKINS WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS 4 APRIL AND MAY PLANTING The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery, and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our Nursery consists of 250 acres of highly cultivated land and is planted with a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size. BR oses—It is important to place orders at once, while we have several hundred thousand in choice new and popular kinds, We are often sold out of many varieties, causing disappoint- ment. Rhododendrons—Many thousand of acclimated plants in hardy English and Ameri- can varieties are growing in our Nursery. Flowering Shrubs in a Large Variety—We make a specialty of them and can do plantings or fill orders of any size. Ornamental Shade, Weeping and Standard ‘Trees—200,000 of these in all kinds can be seen in our Nursery, We grow them for every place and purpose. Bay Trees—o0ur display of these fascinating Trees is larger this season than ever. We are growing many hundreds of perfect specimens. Mardy Trailing and Climbing Vines—We grow immense quantities for all kinds of plantings. Lawn Grass Seed—oOur Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction every where. Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants— Hundreds of thousands of new, rare and popu- lar varieties of these old-time favorites. Evergreens, Conifers and Pines —More than 75 acrcs of our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens. Box wo0od—We grow thousands of plants in many shapes and sizes, Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. Decorative Plants—We have 250,000 square feet of greenhouses in which we grow Palms for conservatories, house and exterior decorations. Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit Trees aud Small Fruits —We grow these for ill kinds of Orchards, Hedge Plants—wWe grow hundreds of thousands of California Privet, and other Hedge Plants adapted for all parts of the country. Bulbs and Roots—spring, Summer and Autumn flowering. Tubs—We manufacture all shapes and sizes. Ask for special list. Our New Lllustrated General Catalogue No. 90 will tell you about the above and all our other products for Lawns and Gardens We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere We can make Old Gardens New and New Gardens O}d with our World’s Choicest Nursery Products Visitors take Erie R.R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, three minutes walk to Nursery BOBBINK & ATKINS, Rutherford, N. J. Nurserymen, Florists and Planters @ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is beautifully printed and is handsomely bound in silk finished cloth covers, printed in three colors, with gilt edges. The year’s voiume contains 492 pages and over 1300 engravings, which are as full of detail and finish as actual photographs. They depict the most notable homes in America as well as historic mansions, the modest house and bungalow, the most beautiful gardens and the more simple ones. @ The edition deals with every ap- pointment of the home; it treats of the decorating of the walls, the furnishing of the draperies for the doors and the windows, the suitable furniture for the hall, living room, dining room, library, kitchen,bedroom,bathroom and porch; the landscape work about the house and the garden with allits accessories. SPECIAL NOTICE: On request we will send you a list of contents of the 1910 volume. A limited number of the back bound volumes are available, viz.: 1906, 1907, 1908, and 1909. Price, $5.00 each. 1905 volume $3.50. q MUNN & CO., Inc. Publishers 361 Broadway, New York. Special Offer—$13-° Value for $7>° American Estates and Gardens firz rerres Large Quarto, 11x13™% Inches. eS volume. of which eight are in duotone. can country life. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. @ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which have been introduced into this country, as being specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- @ Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and for that reason special attention has been given to reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can be obtained of learning how the favored few live. @ The building of the great homes of America has Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed. Our Special Offer @ The price of this book is $10.00. We are offering a limited number of copies, together with one year’s sub- scription to American Homes and Gardens, the price of which is $3.00, a total value of $13.00, for $7.50 for the two, transportation charges prepaid. As we are offering only a limited number of copies on these liberal terms, we would advise that orders be sent at once, before the supply of the book is exhausted. necessarily involved the development of their sur- rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present @ This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 10%4x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK May, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xIx CORRESPONDENCE The Editor ofp AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspond- ence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in House Furnishing By ALICE M. KELLOGG A FRIEZE FOR A DINING-ROOM CANADIAN correspondent, Mrs. J. M. B., of Ottawa, writes, “I would like your advice about improving the side wall between the ceiling and the plate shelf in my dining-room. At present it is tinted a cream-white like the ceiling. Below the plate shelf is a two-toned red paper which I do not wish to change. Would you try to match the red paper and use it above the plate shelf? Or, would you use a tapestry paper? Is the space too wide for one of the picture borders that you mention from time to time in your Correspondence Department? The depth of the space is thirty-six inches. The woodwork in the room is oak stained a dark brown, and the furniture matches the woodwork. I have a good many ornamen- tal plates and dishes on my plate shelf.” The space above the plate rail will look best if it contrasts with the lower wall. As there are decorative objects to be dis- played, it would not be well to use a pic- ture border or a tapestry paper. A two- toned buff paper printed in a small, closely set pattern would make a good background. A narrow picture molding to match the woodwork would give a simple finish under the ceiling. The ceiling should be re-tinted the same tone as the buff paper. While there are a good many attractive picture borders, there are only a few as deep as the room requires. OCCASIONAL TABLES “I wish to buy two or three small tables for my living-room and would like to know of any special styles which you would recommend. The furniture in this room is all upholstered except a divan and a rocking chair. The wood that shows on the divan and rocking chair is mahogany. There are also some mahogany book-cases with glass doors.—M. B., Columbus, Ohio.” For a room that is made the general sit- ting place of the family, some small tables for occasional use are indispensable. The tea-table already set with tea things is not now in vogue, but a small mahogany table is usually kept in readiness to hold a tea tray; a work stand with small drawers that is capable of holding a drop light is a con- venience for the sewing members of the household. This table could also be of ma- hogany. One of the small teakwood stands with straight legs is especially desirable for holding a vase of flowers or a plant, as the top has a marble slab set into the frame. There are also small mahogany book-stands that may be carried from one part to another. A tip table is always a convenience, as it is ready to meet any extra demand. The folding card tables are al- most a necessity in these days of general card playing, but these would naturally, be kept out of sight when not in use. TRIMMING A FOUR-POSTER BED A New England reader, Miss F. J. B., has lately come into possession of a four- (Continued on page xx) Garden Work About the Home By OLIVER INGRAHAM HE following letter presents an inter- ae esting problem, but one that it is not possible to answer definitely. “Please give me as much information as you can about starting a greenhouse for my own pleasure, and also for profit. I would want to start in a small way at first: want to have a suburban place, but hardly feel able to live without the place would pay expenses at least. “1. What would a small greenhouse cost in this climate? 2. How much ground would you sug- gest in case the business grew? “3. Do you think in a town of 15,000 population a business of this kind would pay? “T will heartily appreciate your kind re- ply.” It is impossible to say what a small plant would cost in your town, because we don’t know exactly what “small’? means to you, but the greenhouse builders will be glad to give you an estimate on any size house you may select, and to advise you about the proper size for your purpose. A good house 20 feet by 200 feet costs about one dollar per square foot near New York. If you have five acres of land it may not be too much for a comfortable home, and if your business grows so that the five acres are all in glass, you will probably be prosperous enough to buy a new place. There are plenty of men making a living on 5,000 square feet of glass, and one acre would accommodate that, and the house and other necessary buildings. The size is de- termined by the income required and by the amount of capital available. It is aie vious that you cannot make a large income from a small house. The population of the town does not matter as much as its purchasing power. There are lots of florists making a living in much smaller towns, particularly when they are within shipping distance of a larger market. Near New York, rose growers figure that one thousand dollars profit per year for a house 20 feet by 200 feet is a good profit, when there are fifty such houses. In your case, however, the profit might possibly be greater, if you could manage to supply your local market with just what it will absorb in the way of flowers and potted plants. ‘SY HAVE bought 7% acres of ground and have ordered 150 fruit trees to plant this spring. This summer or next I shall build a bungalow. “The plot is nearly square. It is divided in halves by a row of trees running north and south. At the northern end of this row of trees is a clump of trees on the highest part of the place. From this clump the slope is even in every direction. “The western half of the property, about four acres in extent, is now planted to wheat. The eastern half of 314 acres is in pasture. (Continued on page xxi) Write for our Free Book on Home Refrigeration This book tells how to select the Home Refrigerator, how to know the poor from the good, how to keep down ice bills, how tokeep a Refrigerator sani- tary and sweet—lots of things you should know before buying any Refrigerator. It also tells allabout the “‘Monroe” with food compartments made in one piece of @ and at Factory Prices. solid unbreakable A WhitePorcelain Ware Cash or Monthly Payments over an inch thick, with every corner rounded—no cracks or crevices anywhere, and as easy to keep clean as a china bowl. The leading hospitals use the ““Mon- roe” exclusively, and itis found in a large majority of the best homes. The‘‘Monroe” is never sold instores, but direct from the factory to you on oe liberal trial offer, Freight Prepaid. Easy Payments. We are makinga tadical departure this year from our rule of all cash with order, and sell the “Monroe” on our liberal credit terms, to all desiring to buy that way. Just say “Send Monroe Book’”’ on a postal card and it will go to you by next mail. Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P., Lockland, O. are now made seamless in any width up to 16 FEET and any length; in any color or colorcombination, 65 regular shades—any othershading made ‘to match. Send for color card. Arnold, Constable & Co., Selling Agts., NewYork Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. THREAD and THRUM RUGS “You choose the colors, we'll make the rug.’’ PROTEC Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward gs Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, aaa ‘Ont. _This Westie $4 50 THE NORFOLK CHAIR (without cushion) With Arm Rest and Magazine Pocket. Size of Seat, 20 in. x 20in. Height of Backs 34 in. | (Shipped on receipt of Money Order or N. Y. Draft) Having been manufacturers of Willow Furniture since 1893, we are showing at our Retail Salesrooms, 345 Lexington Avenue (between 40th and 4ist Streets), a complete assortment of Chairs, Tables, Settles, Swings, Tea Carts, Muffin Stands, and, in fact, every- thing makeable in the Willow line, in the natural white willow, or stained to harmonize with any color scheme. We manufacture ail our own furniture and can make prompt deliveries, not having to rely on any outside workers in order to Heep faith with our customers: Catalogue Sent on Req MINNET & CO.. Manufacturers of Willow Furniture 365 Lexington Ave. (bet. 40th and 41st Sts.) NEW YORK Richard M. Archer, Mer. Factory, Carlstadt, N. J. Special Offering for Offering for 5k AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, gr! = iS) DH ECOG O RVAUN a DEeA (Based on 40 years’ experience) The place for the Tank is on a tower, not in the house, where it must be lead li d, AND LEAD CONTAMINATES THE WATER. SIX REASONS (1) Fire protection without fail from the tank placed high on a tower. (2) No chance of flooding the whole house in case of accident. (3) Two tanks on one tower (see il- lustration). Upper for the house, low- er for the garden. CORCORAN WATERTOWER ROSLYN, L,I. (4) Any size tank possible on a tower CORCORAN and the water supply can never fail. WINDMILL SEA BRIGHT, N, J (5) No extra foundations and beam- ing necessary, as for a housetank. (6) Both tank and tower built to har- monize with the su-rounding archi- tecture. OR IF YOU PREFER A NEVER FAILING WINDMILL one that requires no care, no attention and no repairs, install a CORCORAN It is a silent, automatic pumping equipment that costs nothing to oper- ate, is never out of order and your water supply is as abundant as that of any city home. The housing for the windmill can be built as a house annex or as CORCORAN WINDMILT, part of the garage. SHREWSBURY RIVER, NEW JERSEY Send for our ‘“Tank Tower and Windmill Book’’ A. J. CORCORAN, Inc. 15 John St., N. Y. City Factory: Jersey City, N. J. CORCORAN WINDMILL POINT JUDITH, RHODE ISLAND TUIRA AA RARARARARARARARARARARARARAAARARARARARARARARAARARARARARARAE The New Building Estimator BY WILLIAM ARTHUR A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work pre- sented in detail, and with labor fieured chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- Neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 post paid AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS A circular describing this book will be mailed on application MUNN & CC., Inc. . 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CR DE Td Ra Ha TP Ral Hata Tad Tad Tada al dH Tad Tad ta aT Hal aD fa Tad Tad tl DAARARARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARAAA AA AA AA AA AA AA RAR, ETE LEE TTL TET LT TTL TIT _ Problems in Home Furnishing (Continued from page xix) post mahogany bedstead. In her letter she says: “T wish to put the handsome old four- poster bedstead that has just been given to me in my guest room in place of the brass one now in use. This bed has always been draped with white dimity and ball fringe with a spread of knitted cotton. My guest room is papered in gray with a border of pink roses. There is a good deal of white woodwork in the room and I would like to introduce some color on the bed. What would you suggest?” Your guest room will certainly be more attractive with a colored material on the four-post bedstead. There are some gray materials called “jaspé,” printed in lattice patterns with pink roses that would be suit- able. While these seem expensive at two dollars a yard they are in the fifty-inch width. The valance around the tester and bed-spread may be made of the flowered material edged with chintz braid, and the lower valance around the foot of the bed may be of plain gray “jaspé.” DOOR HARDWARE FOR A COLONIAL HOUSE “We are building a small house in the suburbs, following the simple lines of the New England houses of the early nine- teenth century. Outside, the house will be painted white with green blinds; all of the woodwork inside will be painted white ex- cept in the kitchen and the pantries; as we use gas the lighting fixtures will be at the side in the shape of candles, with lamps for extra lighting. The point now to be decided is the hardware for the doors. Should these match the dull brass on the lighting fixtures?—P. W. T.” On the first floor in the hall and living- rooms the old brass would be most ap- propriate. There are simple, good patterns to be had that will correspond with Colonial feeling in the architecture. Upstairs in the bedrooms and bathrooms the glass knobs could be used to advantage. In se-. lecting these the smooth surfaces that fit the hand comfortably should be given the preference. SUMMER PILLOW COVERS A request comes from a southern reader, Miss L. M. J., Charleston, S. C., for ideas about covering the sofa pillows in the par- lor, den and piazza; whether these should be of plain gray linen or of colored ma- terials. There are so many beautiful and inex- pensive wash materials to be had this sea- son that it would not be difficult to select really attractive pillow covers for warm weather. In the cretonnes there are lovely combinations of colors from _ thirty-five cents upwards. The newest patterns are a mixture of birds and flowers. Then there are the English chintzes at seventy- five cents a yard that look almost like paintings so carefully are they printed. In the wide width linen taffetas, fifty inches wide, there are tapestry designs that will stand longer wear than the cretonnes. Among such a variety it would not be difficult to choose something tasteful for the parlor, den and piazza of a southern home. These figured materials would cer- tainly be more pleasing than the plain gray linen. May, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi Garden Work About the Home (Continued from page xix) “Seeing | is Believing ieee , | “Cheap” Mission Fur- : niture is an abomination, but it is no reflection on honest, high-grade furni- ture that it can be bought for less than half the retail store price — especially when you know what you are getting. Our plan of selling ‘*Come- Packt’’ $6.75 Sectional Furniture direct from our factory to the usercuts out such useless and heavy selling expensesthat our low pecs are logical. What is better still, there can be no doubt as to that most important considera- tion —the quality. You see just what you get —and you get Quarter Sawed White Oak—rich in beautiful flake and grain. Selected stock of this kind costs twice as much as the plain sawed red or white oak used in most furniture. No stain disguises cheaper sub- stitutes in our furniture; no defects can be con- cealed. It comes completely stained and finished, but not being assembled, it is open to careful inspection—a solid satisfaction to the most critical, and a big saving in the cost to you. “Any advice, any suggestions or any help will be appreciated.” This is a case where help is difficult, be- cause our correspondent does not say what kind of trees he has purchased nor whether the place is to be all orchard or orchard and small fruits and vegetables; whether it is to be lived in all the year and is to supply a large part of the income, or whether it is simply a home for the summer. The suggested location of the house, south of the clump of trees, east of the row and a little below the brow of the hill, is a good one. It will be cool in summer and sheltered from the wind in winter. The vegetable garden might be north of the house, where space could also be found for bees, pigeons and fowl of various kinds. The road to the house should enter the place just west of the existing row of trees, keeping close to the trees all the way to the barn on the northern boundary of the place. At a convenient point a branch road would lead to the front door of the bungalow. When we are supplied with more definite information about this place, and know more about the tastes and desires of the owner, we shall be pleased to give more advice. $6.75 The assembling of the finished sec- tions is simple, easy, and a matter of an hour at most, de- pending on the size of the piece. All the hard one is done at our factory—even the holes bored for screws—and you thus have MY MINIATURE GARDEN (Continued from page xv) garden, valued at the village market prices, which of course varied through the sea- the joy of creation, _ shorn of all the & son: ee deciland 560 (112 bunches) radishes ....... $2.78 al ee difficulties. Sil INGAGIS WERUCS -o SuGodsono ooo buoer 3.75 o illustrate, the 12 Mickialey Rocker GSES PECASTEA seks ces Seki Katee steer 1.20 PEE ak af this 1A quarts beet “greens, 37 (7 article comes in bunches ) beets cob oDooD OOOO GD DEO U7 four completed ’ ROMGMAGESMSELIN Gs DEANS! rim -reisie 2.00 ee pee $17.75, 3 leaves, 45 in. top SiC ATSHOMECO LM Sian ae ets ee 1.58 entirely assembled, the front rail fitted to slip into 24 quarts COMALCOESor Hse A aye aires ee 3.60 the mortised joints, as is a also the back and seat. The $15.68 Settle is equally simple, and even the Pedestal Dining Table is one of the simplest pieces to put together; there are but three sections. A Tempting Assortment Over 200 other correctly designed and _ beautifully proportioned pieces are We picked the first of the radishes on the 4th of June, and the first heads of let- tuce on the 10th. Our first beet greens were gathered on the 23d and the first of the peas on the 29th. We had string beans by July 4th, the first beets on the 20th. Corn made its appearance on August 16th and tomatoes on August 20th. By the time we returned to the city on the 24th of Sep- ALL shown in our 60-page cata- | pag tember the vegetables were about ex- log It will prove fascinat- : : : ing to the lover of artistic hausted, excepting the tomatoes. The vines Arts and Crafts furniture were still loaded with green and half ripe —it will delight the fruit, which it seemed a waste to leave. I housewife—and it will am sure the tomatoes must have lasted all through October. Of course, inexperience shows very plainly in my summary. We had too many radishes and not nearly enough beets and peas. The lettuce, string beans, and toma- toes were our best crops. The corn was delicious, but we did not have so big a yield as we should have had and the ears were small. I am inclined to think that this was because we did not give it enough water. At the end of the summer my account book showed this summary : please the man whio pays the bills. Mission Lamps, “*Willow-weave’’ furni- ture and Cluny Lace Curtains are also shown. Write us to-day and we will mail acopy free, and tell you of our liberal guarantce that enables us to say “Your money back if you say so,’’ Address My family admitted that my garden had not been a failure, for the vegetables had been delicious and I had saved the family pocketbook the enormous sum of $4.82. Dab = Creiiie. ob bie 5 eee ee $15.68 The Come-Packt feria (0. ISIS sys 20 eee 10.86 539 EDWIN STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICH. BEI BITES. Va tcAdo Sis aot aS eo: $4.82 LESS OF I ‘ite You may think you’ll save money and get about as good results by using a low-priced or a hand-mixed paint this spring, but you’ll find it does not work out. For afew months, it may compare favorably in brilliance and appearance with the best. But under the stress of weather and climate you'll soon note the difference. Suppose you select for your painting the highest grade paint on the market—a paint with reputation behind it— It will cost a few—only a few—cents more per gallon, but you get longer wear, greater covering capacity —a_ paint that leaves the surface in prime condition to receive a new coat—saving the expense of burning and scraping. Your painting is an investment of a special character and you should consult a specialist regarding it. The Lowe Brothers dealer in your locality is thoroughly posted on paint and the painter who recommends ‘High Standard”’ is generally the best man in his line. See him before you paint. Inspect the season’s color combinations in “High Standard’’ and ask about ‘‘Mello- tone’’a flat oil paint for interior walls—Lin- duro enamel, for wood and metal surfaces— “Little Blue Flag’’ Varnishes for every purpose. Get a copy of ‘‘Harmony in Color”’ showing latest favored combinations. Also ‘“Common Sense About Interiors.’’ Both Free, or send 25c and get ‘‘Good Homes by Good Architects.”’ The Lowe Bros. Company 452-428 Third Street, Dayton, Ohio Boston New York Chicago Kansas City For the Protection of \ Country Homes, | Villages and Factories Especially when located some distance 2 from a Fire Station. Throws a stream 75 to 85 feet. Better than a thousand gallons of water. Extinguishes fire in Oil or Gasolene. May be operated by one man, | Absclutely Safe | Lasts a Lifetime Better than Insurance which does not save treasures which cannot be replaced. 4 Badger ) Fire Extinguisher Co. 34 G. Portland St. Boston, Mass, Full information sent on request XX HICKS’ TREES Straight from Hicks’ Own Nursery ND avery unusual nursery it is. A nursery filled with the choicer standard ornamental trees. Trees from 3 inches to 40 feet high, and in price from Ic. each to $150. You are bound to find what you need at this nursery. Big trees thrive when moved by Hicks’ special tree movers and Hicks’ method of preserving a wide spread of unharmed roots. One of our catalogs called ‘‘Hicks’ Trees’’ shows not only the trees in the nursery but how we can go to your region, look over the country fora radius of several miles, and move to your grounds the best available trees for landscape effects. An absolutely bald knob ona Connecticut estate we transformed into an ideal building location by moving to it Elms and Maples 30 to 50 years old. May is a good shipping and plant- ing month for Cedars, Evergreens and Rhododendrons. We have unusually cee fine specimens of each. Come tothe | Some os es Nursery and see for yourself. If you B can’t come—then order by mail. Your shipments will be prompt and to your satisfaction. ISAAC HICKS & SON, Westbury,L.I. : epi uae Rea ~ A fine Norway Maple like this one costs $20.00 to $35.00 We have hundreds like it in our nursery. seauury Your Garden i Lawn Fountains, Drinking Fountains, Vases, Statu- | ary, Chairs, Tables, Trellis, Gypsy Pots, Ornaments, Chimes and Musical Gardens Let us tell you about our latest production A Rose Bush Spray Fountain | Exceedingly Beautiful and Attractive. The gentle | zephyrs playing on the roses produce a ringing sound of ethereal sweetness and pronounced variety of tone. Send at once for beautifully illustrated book Call at our Show Room when in New York | AMERICAN GARDEN BEAUTIFYING CO., {20 frurt' ve: New York, N. Y. Invented by A. S. Jakobson 1910 1910 Patented March 8, Patented March 8, Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. SEND poR CATALOGUES Have the Genuine Morgan Doors are widely copied by un- scrupulous manufacturers. These imita- tions never have the character or beauty, nor do they give the absolute satisfaction, as do the genuine oe ae Ss at SS <= —— Every Morgan Door leaving our factory has the word ‘‘Morgan”’ stamped on it. If the name is not there, the door is not a Morgan Door. Shrinking,* warping or swelling are impossible with Morgan Doors because they are built of sev- eral layers of wood with grain running in opposite directions. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood. Unequaled for service in Residences, Offices, Apart- ments, Bungalows or any kind of building. Send for our new Portfolio, “The Door Beautiful.”” Shows large engravings of in- teriors of every style of architecture. The ideas you get from this book will be worth money and satisfaction to you. It explains why Morgan Doors are the best doors made. A copy will be sent on request. Architects:—Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s Index. pages 794 and 795. Morgan Company, Dept. A Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago. . Morgan Millwork Company, Baltimore, Md. Handied by Dealers who do not Substitute. oe YS, a a So tae a Pr AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1g11I_ CONSIDER THE LILIES (Continued from page xvi) Speciosums in half shade. August’s glory. Of clear pink lilies the new rubellum stands ahead. It has all the good quali- ties of the speciosums with a wonderful soft pink color. It blooms in June with Kremeri, another beautiful rose-colored lily, whose flowers are very large and faintly sweet. ubellum grows a little the taller and should stand behind Kre- meri. L. Thunbergianum, or elegans, variety roseum, 1s one of the prettiest of pink lilies. It is early, will grow for anyone in full sunshine with plenty of food, and is dainty enough to grace a queen’s gar- den. Where pink lilies shade into rosy yel- low or apricot tints, will stand L. Bate- manu, crowning its four foot stalk with three or four peachy blooms in July. In front of it should grow L. Wallacei. This grows only about three feet and is a capricious beauty. Sometimes its two or three immense flowers come in early July —again not until August. Some bulbs sold for Wallacet are not the delicate ap- ricot, but run to stronger shades, ap- proaching reddish yellow. L. elegans, variety Wilsom, is a beau- tiful low growing apricot lily, as easy to manage as all the elegans clan. It reaches only two feet and its hardiness and free- dom should make it a favorite. There are many varieties of L. elegans, shading from apricot through yellowish red to true red. All are excellent lilies for Am- erican gardens. They ask little; full sun- shine, rich diet and plenty of water when blooming. Most of them grow low— from one to three feet and bloom through June and July. They cost but a dollar or a dollar and fifty cents a dozen and are a fine investment for worshippers of the lily. With the elegans should be planted L. bulbiferum, sometimes catalogued L. um- bellatum. These grow to much the same height and run through about the same shades as L. elegans, needing the same treatment. Many bulbiferums have the loveliest tints, enhanced by black spots. It is one of the oldest lilies known. It holds its flowers directly up to the sun and, in favored situations, will bloom as early as May. The familiar tiger lily comes in orange- red shades. One who has never seen a large clump of it, well fed and flourish- ing, can hardly imagine its possibilities. Colored much like the tiger lily is L. Canadense, a native American lily. It grows wild in the East as far south as Georgia, always in low, marshy ground. In the garden it requires shade and plen- teous moisture, and mucky soil should be supplied if possible. It grows three to four feet high and blooms in June with very large lilies, the petals recurved to the stem and spotted. with brown or dark red. The variety flavum is clear yellow with the dark spots. It does not grow as strong as the variety rubrum, which is not true red but reddish-orange. L. superbum, another native lily, tak- ing exactly the same soil and position as L. Canadense, follows the latter in bloom. In late July and August and sometimes into September this grand lily will throw up its stalks four to six feet, bearing a candelabra of from twelve to twenty very open lilies, carried nearly face down and not much recurved. In color it va- ries from the orange-red of tiger lilies to They are May, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS r ote XXi111 an unbeautiful yellow. The latter color is rare, however, and superbum lilies, where they can have shade and moist footing, are grand things. L. croceum is the “orange lily” of old gardens. It is of easiest culture, and very bright in July, when its erect, fun- nel-like flowers appear on rather short stalks—scarcely four feet. It should grow with bulbiferum and elegans. Of lilies truly red May brings two: L. tenuifoliwm or Coral lily and L. pul- chellum, by some authorities called a va- riety of the wild L. Philadelphicum. Both bear small flowers. Tenuifolium’s blooras are of brightest red, waxy and very fra- grant. The footstalks ‘are horizontal, making the flowers ‘face’ down, and as they grow only about two feet high, one must cut the separate blossoms to see all their beauty. Nothing adds a brighter note to the garden of May than these lil- ies, and they should be planted freely. L. Chalcedonicum is from Palestine— the lily which all Solomon’s glory could not equal. Chalcedonicum is a treasure indeed, asking as little as any lily that grows and shaking its vivid, waxy blood- red flowers from the top of a four foot stalk. All lily gardeners should begin the reds with Chalcedonicum, as it im- proves with age and will not disappoint the merest novice. L. pomponimm is red, of a _ lovely shade. It is about three feet high and easy to grow, and is pronounced “lovely” or “horrid” according to one’s sense of smell. This lily has a very peculiar scent. Some cannot get enough of it; others cannot stay near it; so a lily buyer is wise who proceeds slowly with pom- ponwum. Among yellow lilies the Nankeen lily easily takes first place. It is called L. excelsum, L. testaceum and L. isabellinum. It is said to be the only hybrid lily known, the child of Candidum and Chal- cedonicum, and is as easily grown as either of its parents. The flowers of golden yellow with a blush of apricot follow the candidums and are held with the same rare grace. It is a pity that these lilies are so expensive—five dollars a dozen. JL. Parryi has clear, pale yel- low blossoms with horizontal footstalks. The blooms spread wide and the tips re- curve. It is easy to grow and lilies of its color are not common. Hemerocallis flava, the lemon day- lily, completes the list of yellows except for the yellow varieties of L. elegans and L. Canadense, already mentioned. Heme- rocalls flava is rather tall, very slender and graceful, with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers and will grow for anyone in sun or half shade. As to the culture of lilies, success lies mainly in three words—drainage, water and protection. Make lily beds deep with good, light loam soil and let it be very rich. Some authorities say: “no manure for lilies.’ . Manure for lilies, yes, and plenty; but very old manure and placed so deep that the roots will find it—not the bulbs. For all except canadense and superbum the best drainage must be pro- vided and all lilies need abundance of water when in bloom. Many authorities, too, emphasize the need of the partial shade for the finer lilies. All will do well without shade, except the two mentioned, if the ground is well shaded to keep the bulbs cool. Leafy perennial plants supply the right condition in hardy borders. In a garden of lilies alone a mulch is necessary, and stable litter is best. 1 +) You should see our Portfolio of color schemes before you paint your house. it is always difficult to select pleasing color combinations from color cards. It is also difficult to select the paint, varnish or stain best suited to the surface it is to cover. , This Portfolio shows many harmonious color combina- tions on various styles of houses, and gives complete specifications for securing the results shown, naming the particular paint, varnish or stain which will make these pleasing results permanent. Before you build, remodel or redecorate send for and study our Cottage Bungalow Portfolio. It is a com- plete plan of interior decorations, each room being carefully worked out and shown in colors, with complete specifications. Even the rugs, draperies, hangings and furniture are included. Send for these portfolios today. ‘They are free. You will find them both wonderfully helpful in mak- ing your home attractive, and in bringing to your attention the kind of paint, stains and varnishes with which you can best carry out your ideas. “Your Home and its Decoration” is an attractive 200 page book filled with practical hints on home. decoration. Contains 12 beautiful color plates and 130 other illustrations. Everyone interested in correct home deco- ‘ration should have a copy of this book. Price $2.00. Postage 15c. extra. SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS €VARNISHES Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask your local dealer for color cards and full information. Service write to The Sherwin-Williams Co., Decorative Dept. For the Special Home Decoration 668 Canal Road N. W., Cleveland Ohio. q articles. For All Purposes Made of the highest grade materials in a factory devo- zi tte tet a de Ph my fees fences. li youneed a fence of } any kind you will save money | | in the end by getting it in the 4 WTd di} first place from the | ! Enterprise Foundry and Fence Oo. called a ‘‘ rennwolf.” ted exclusively to high grade “ ak Aceh oe Opiabiontoeta The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. complete practical instructions are given for building the various @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents ; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance q Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES IRON AND WIRE FENCES 2) Send for Catalog 4 Shows 100 designs of VATE Oy AS TSB) se dor A oe aie de fate Date t ines eset artistic, Signed so as to In each instance including a simple can- 1222 B. 24th Street indianapolis, Ind. xxiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, IgI1 FLOORS Bs ae ed ROOFS A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, Katonah, New York Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. Clinton Wire Cloth Company CLINTON, MASS. ‘Filreprooting Departments: Parti- Cellings| ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK d Washington: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Bldg. San Francisco: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg. tions Chicago: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River St. Seattle, Wash.: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building Buffalo, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Ince : —, THE BEST HOUSE i TE DOOR HANGER Frame ALL STEEL. a | | just the same as similar bicycle i i } Bearing made and hardened | (NIN HL oA parts. Hanger guaranteed in Ask any every respect. dealer or write us. Get our Catalogue. Tl i il INU UNL rT mu LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, Manufacturers 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. —_ ams About Thanksgiving Day, when roses receive winter protection, cover the lilies too, with four to six inches of litter. Un- cover with the roses in the spring. Lilies really call for a background of green to show their beauty. Trees, shrubs, vine-covered trellises or walls not only give the air of an exclusive court with the queenly lily as sovereign, but supply the verdure that lilies lack and all flowers need. Evergreens make the best background, cedars for choice. But if tall shrubs be used, by all means have white-flowering shrubs. The lilies of color, while quite amicable among themselves, will war fiercely with the colors of many flowering shrubs. A REMARKABLE VEGETABLE POISON ECENT experiments have demon- strated the existence of a poisonous substance of very remarkable quali- ties in the seeds of so well known a plant as the ricinus, or castor-oil plant, a com- mon ornament of our gardens. It has long been observed that these seeds frequently proved fatal to animals who fed upon them, or to children who swallowed them by accident, but the toxic principle has first been isolated, as yet in very impure form, by Prof. Robert of Bostock, the process consisting of macera- tion in a solution of sodium chloride. Even now the pure preparation cannot be obtained because of the small amount of the poison and the difficulty of separating it from as- sociated albuminoids. Even so its terrible potency is shown by the figures of Prof. Ehrlich of Frankfort- on-Main, who estimates that one gramme of ricinus is sufficient to kill one and one- half million guinea-pigs. This tremendous death-dealing power surpasses that of all other poisons known to us as enemies of living matter; such, for example, as strych- nine and cyanide of potassium. According to Dr. B. Rewald in Kosmos, this quality alone would make the new poison of interest to scientists, but this in- terest is increased by the discovery of a very unique “poison stability” in this pro- duct. That is, if a quantity of poison be injected into an animal insufficient to kill but enough to cause severe illness, the animal upon recovery is capable of endur- ing a second dose sufficiently large to kill a fresh animal instantly. Moreover, the dose may be increased gradually a thou- sand-fold or even ten thousand-fold with- out causing unfavorable symptons. This can, of course, be done to some ex- tent with other poisons, such as arsenic and . morphine, but in these the possible dose al- ways remains in very moderate proportion to the death dose, and corporeal disturb- ances are always manifested, while these are absent with the ricinus. Another striking peculiarity is that in the blood of these immunized animals an antitoxin is formed. This likewise has not yet been isolated in pure form, but it has been possible to work with it as a fixed quantity. When this antitoxin, found in the blood serum of an immunized animal, is injected into a freshly poisoned animal, it will pre- vent the development of toxic symptoms, and will also cure one which has already become ill. A similar action is of course well known in the case of bacterial infec- tions, such as diphtheria, tetanus, etc. Moreover, this vegetable poison shows another similarity to bacteria. We know that the blood serum of animals which have - 5a = SA May, rgII SANDE RLCAN SOMES AND GARDENS xXxV been previously treated with a bacterial poison possesses the property of agglutinat- ing bacteria of its own sort floating in some medium, such as, for example, water—a property not possessed by normal blood serum. Ricinus in solution possesses a like prop- erty, since within a short time it causes the red corpuscles to form a gelatinous clotted mass. But different kinds of blood vary in sus- ceptibility to this action. For example, pigeon’s blood and dog’s blood show the reaction immediately, while it is absent or very slight in that of goats, lambs, and cattle. Besides ricinus there are some rare seeds which contain bodies exhibiting similar properties. It is certainly very singular and note- worthy that on the one hand highly devel- oped plants and on the other hand the low- est forms of life, should produce poisons which so strikingly resemble each other in their fatal qualities, in their creation of immunity, and in their power of agglutin- ation. HOW LEAVES KEEP CLEAN HE shape of leaves is one of the first things a student of botany learns to distinguish. Even the most careless observer sees that some trees and plants have leaves with smooth, rounded edges, while others have their leaves furnished with long points or divided into narrow lobes terminating in drooping or curved ends. While these leaf shapes have formed a subject of study ever since botanical science has existed, it is only within recent years that one of the most remarkable purposes which the points of leaves serve has been clearly brought out. It was shown, as the result of some special investigations made in Germany, that the long points quickly drain off the excess of moisture deposited upon the foliage in heavy rains. This ready method of disposing of a sur- plus of moisture is important to some plants. It also serves as a means of cleans- ing the surface of the leaves. Round leaves do not so easily get rid of the rain-water, and it has been noticed that they remain dusty and dirty after a shower, the escape of the water by evaporation not tending to cleanse them, while long, narrow and point- ed leaves are washed clean and bright. STANDARDIZING BREAD IR ALFRED FRIPP, Surgeon in Ordinary to the King of England, and some other equally eminent British medical authorities, have issued a jointly signed statement in which they ex- press the opinion that there is a national necessity for the fixing of the nutritive value of what is sold as bread. They argue that milk must confrom with a certain standard, and there seems to be no reason why bread, which is equally important as a food, should not be made the subject of governmental control. Indeed, the stand- ardization of bread is somewhat more im- portant, since it constitutes about two-fifths of the weight of the food of the working classes. To quote the statement: “In view of the inferior nourishing qualities of the white bread commonly sold we urge legis- lation making it compulsory that all bread sold as such should be made of unadult- erated wheat flour, containing at least 8 per cent. of whole wheat, including the germ and semolina.” B. gs Instruction Book and Wood Finishing Samples FREE ERE’S the best book ever published on artistic wood finishing, the work of famous experts, illustrated in five colors. For a limited time, we will mail it FREE, postage paid, to- gether with samples of < Johnson’s \s, Wood Finishes Yes! You — yourself — * can beautifully finish or refinish all furniture, woodwork or floors, in the latest and most artistic shades-—in lirtle time—at small expense—with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax If you are inter- ested in crafts- manship—if you want the correct finish on a new piece of furniture —if you are build- ing or remodeling : —if you want to brighten up or change the color of any piece of furniture or of woodwork or floors —either hard or soft wood—if you are interested in basketry—get this expert Instruction Book LEADING PAINT DEALERS. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in many beautiful greens, browns, reds, etc. Itis not amere stain, buta pene- trating dye which colors the wood so deeply that if it becomes scratched or marred the natural color is not disclosed. It brings out the beauty of the grain without raising it, giving a soft, rich, permanentcolor. A coat of Johnson's Prepared Wax over the dye gives that beautiful, dull, artistic finish so much admired today. If you prefer a higher gloss than the wax gives apply a coatof UNDER-LAC over the dye and then one coat of Prepared Wax. = is a thin, elastic spirit finish very much superior toshellacorvarnish. It dries hard in less Under Lac than an hour. Under-Lac is just what you want for your linoleum and oilcloth; it brings out the pattern, making it bright and glossy like new, protects it from wear and makes cleaning easy. It dries so the floors may be walked on in an hour. Go to your leading paint dealer for Free Instruction Book, Edition No. A.H. 5, and Free Samples of Johnson’s Wood Finishes, which we supply to him for his customers’ use. If your dealer hasn’t samples of our Wood Dye, Under-Lac and Prepared Wax, and the Books, we’ll send them to you post- paid for the name of your dealer in paint. In writing mention shade of Dye wanted. S. C. Johnson & Son, “The Wood Finishing Authorities” Racine, Wis. and FREE SAMPLES AT YOUR , AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | May, tgit Opal-Glass-Lined Oak Refrigerator Freight Prepaid from Factory g¢ You get this highest grade Solid Oak, Wickes’ New Con- structed Refrigerator, lined with Opal Glass, ‘better than mar- ble,” for only $31.75—freight prepaid from factory. : You buy the Wickes Refrigerator direct from the |]c¢e Capacity factory, at actual factory prices. You save all the 100 P d dealers’, jobbers’ and department store profits. You ounds get the Wickes at the price asked everywhere for ordinary ‘“‘enameled’’ refrigerators, for which you have to pay the freight in addition. The Wickes New Constructed No. 230 is made of solid oak, to Jast a lifetime—perfectly joined and beautifully ¥@ » finished. The food compartment and door are lined throughout with [ee OPAL GLASS, 7-16 inch thick. Our exclusive construction gives you ‘ double refrigeration \r m every pound of ice. Opal glass makes the Q ICKES absolutely sanitary. i Your money refunded if the WICKES is not exactly as repre- sented. See and use this high-grade refrigerator in your home. Send for Free Beautiful Art Catalog Measurements : It shows you the famous Wickes Refrigerators of all sizes—inside . 5 a 7 ° and out. Guaranteed and sold by Height 45in. Width 36 in. Depth 21in. The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 293 Wabash Avenue, Chicago (Established Over 60 Years) 29-35 W. 32d St., New York We prepay the freight from factory to every point East of the Rockies. est of the Rockies only the freight from Denver is added. (14) HERE is danger in the public drinking cup. Many State Legislatures and City Councils have made its use unlawful. Boards of Health and other authorities have condemned it. They recommend sanitary drinking fountains, with self-cleaning bubbling jet, of which our ‘*Crystal Stream”? and ‘‘Purita’’ nozzles are advanced types. The lips do not touch the fixture. You drink directly from the’ ever-changing jet of water —always clean, pure, ° fresh and wholesome. Send for our illustrated booklet, ‘‘Mott’s Sanitary Drinking Fountains.’’ The complete line of Mott products includes plumbing fixtures for every conceivable purpose. Our Booklet, “Modern Plumbing,’ contains illustrations showing 24 bathroom interiors, ranging in cost from $74 to $3,000. Sent on request with 4 cents to cover postage. BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Phila- delphia, Detroit, Minneapolis, Wash- ington, St. Louis, New Orleans, Denver, San Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Portland (Ore.), In- dianapolis and Pittsburgh. CANADA: 138 Bleury Street, Montreal THE J. L. Morr IRON Works 1828 EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 1911 FIFTH AVE. and SEVENTEENTH ST., NEW YORK TRANSPLANTING By IDA D. BENNETT O insure the successful transplant- ing of any form of plant life, whether from hot-beds, cold- frame, flats in the house or the mere shifting of place in the garden, it is essen- tial that the ground be thoroughly pre- pared and in the best of condition. Mere stirring or ploughing of the soil is not enough; it should be ploughed, if a gar- den, spaded if flower beds and then dragged and raked again and again until the soil is thoroughly pulverized and free from hard lumps, weeds, roots and large stones. This requires the going- over of the grounds in all directions sev- eral times, but it is work and time well expended, as upon this mechanical con- dition of the soil will depend in a great measure, the availability of the plant food it contains and its power to retain moisture. Soil left in poor tilth parts with its moisture rapidly and is much more seriously affected by drought later |. in the season. Furthermore, the care of a_ garden planted in well-prepared soil is much less than when this part of the work is slighted; the use of the rake does away with a multitude of weeds, which, were the culture less close, would escape notice and this continued use of the rake in the garden throughout the season will give wonderful results in the eradication of weeds. It is not desirable—at least in the case of the flower garden, though with a well stocked hot-bed to draw on, it is well to make the most of the season by plant- ing a few early things, which may be readily replaced if the frost catches them —to set out tender plants until danger of hard frost is passed; this time will vary with the latitude, the season: and various conditions, which will be clear to the resident of any particular locality. All stock to be set out should be in prime condition—having been hardened off for a week or more previous to transplant- ing and should have been thoroughly watered the night before. Transplanting should, preferably, be done in the fore- noon while yet the plants are fresh from their night’s sleep. Everything should be in readiness for the work before a plant is lifted from the hot-bed and only as many plants should be taken up at a time as can be safely gotten into the ground before they wilt. The state of the weather will have much to do with the handling of plants, as on some days they will move with little or no wilting, while on hot, humid days the greatest care is needed to pre- serve their freshness until they can be gotten into the ground. Generally speak- ing, a clear, bright day gives best results in transplanting and a hot, muggy one the poorest; morning is to be preferred to evening for the work for the reason that the hot sun and dry air preserve the dust mulch, which should surround every newly set plant, while the dew of eve- ning tends to draw the moisture to the surface of the soil, destroying the dust mulch, which would then have to be re- placed by the hoe or trowel the following | morning. In lifting plants from flats or from the hot-beds, care should be taken not to break or in any way injure the roots. I have seen gardeners grasp a handful of plants by their tops and pull them bodily — from the soil, leaving most of the fibrous root-system in the ground. This should never be done; instead, the trowel should May, I9II AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXV11 be passed down beside the plants until well below the bottom of the roots and a block of the plants lifted together. These should not be separated except as they are placed in the ground, unless the weather is exceptionally favorable for transplanting. If very hot and muggy it will aid materially to place the roots in a basin of water, but unless this is neces- sary, they will handle better and adjust themselves better in the ground if taken just as they come from the soil. The distance apart at which the plants shall stand will depend upon their nature, but it will be better to err on the side of too much room than too little. In plant- ing vegetables, all catalogues give the distance apart at which the various sorts should stand and this should be respected. The lines of planting and the points at which the plants should be set should be marked out before beginning work, and everything being on hand—watering pot or pail and dipper, trowel and in case of flower beds, a board on which to stand or kneel when setting plants near the center of the bed—the work will go forward rapidly. In setting the plant, a hole should be made with trowel or dipper of sufficient size to. accommodate the roots of the plant, and when this is placed with the roots in as natural a position as possible, a part of the earth should be replaced in the hole and pressed gently about the roots; the hole should then be filled with water and when this has settled the re- maining earth should be filled in and the whole smoothed off with the trowel, leav- ing a dry, dust mulch about the plants. As all this involves some little outlay of time, it will simplify matters to make all the holes before setting the plants, then go along the rows, dropping a plant into each hole and drawing the earth about it. The holes should then be filled with water, which will have settled in those first filled by the time the end of the row has been reached, when the finishing work of filling up and dusting off may be pushed rapidly to a finish. In this way a good many hundreds of plants may be put into the ground in first class shape in a morning’s work; better still, if the work has been properly done the plants will all live. When the planting is com- pleted, the rows should be looked over to see that no moisture has drawn to the surface as the preservation of the dust mulch is the secret of successful trans- planting. Where this has occurred, the trowel must be brought into use again to restore the dry soil, bringing some from another part of the bed if necessary. Of course, if plants are set during a rain, the dust mulch is out of the question and is not needed, but as soon as the weather clears the planting should be gone over with hoe or trowel and a dust mulch established; the plants will need no fur- ther care then for a few days, or until they have become established and culti- vation is in order, but that is another story. Do not protect newly-set plants in any way and do not water for three or four days at least; [ have known people to set out plants in the most scientific and workman-like manner—dust mulch and all complete and then, at the edge of eve- ning, go around with a watering pot and soak each plant with water, which the first rays of the morning sun would pro- ceed to soak up together with moisture placed in the hole for the substance of the plant during its period of adjustment to the new conditions in which it found itself ; a few hours later a lot of wilted and dying plants prone on the ground attested the outrage inflicted upon them. 6¢ a >, 99 Is the title of our Booklet containing Burmite Quality Counts illustrations of Residences, Summer Homes, Cottages, Bungalows, Garages, Barns, etc., of Frame, Brick, Stone, Con- crete, or other construction, beautifully printed in colors, showing effect of 3 Ready-To-Lay F (Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.) BURLAPINSERTED MLA TERIAL Applied asa ROOFING and SIDING Artistic and Attractive in Appearance—Durable 2 and Inexpensive — Practical and Easily Applied Roofed with “BURMITE”’ — Possessing Superior Fire-Retardative and Storm-Resisting Qualities to meet severe weather conditions, and the expansion and contraction due to the extremes of heat and cold. Lasts longer than shingles, costs less—lays smoother, looks nicer, and requires no paint to preserve it. GUARANTEED FOR 10 YEARS WITHOUT COATING The cost per year of service for buildings on which ““Burmite” is applied, is much lower than for any other, due to its long life, freedom from coating, and other maintenance cost. Used in any climate; can be applied in cold weather, and on account of its unusual flexibility ““Burmiite” is equally well adapted to uneven, flat or steep surfaces; can be laid over old shingles or tin. “Sold on its merits and lasting qualities. THE FIRST COST — THE ONLY COST This Booklet, together with Samples and Printed Literature, telling you all about this up-to-date Material for the Roofing and Siding of Buildings—be they NEW or OLD—nmailed to your address free of all charges and obligation. Bermingham & Seaman Co., "97" Chicago SERS RRR E RRR CERES ERE C ECE ' Bermingham & Seaman Co., Tribune Bida., Chicago = : GENERAL OFFICES: 1208-1226 Tribune Bldg. PLANT: 56th, Armitage and Grand Aves- H Fo uniaillto my address, 23 above. Saniple and Booklet. This places § CRICAGO. BUFFALO. CINCINNATI DETROIT and GRAND RAPIDS, MICH- —& A.H.&G. § DALLAS TEXAS PORTLAND ORE PITTSBURG, PA. GREEN BAY, WIS. © ame s ST PAUL, MINN." ST, LOUIS: MO. ~ “KANSAS CITY «RICHMOND, VA, & Name .......0.---.10-eseeecceeseecerecectanecscseess F e © Dh ING@y @Pslis ka adogdeousseancnscdodbbodasnas GaccuassoauEE 2 iJ Distributors of Beaver Board gy: eee | WOLFF PLUMBING GOODS FIFTY -SIxX YEARS OF QUALITY Does anything in the plans and specifi- cations for a home interest a client— especially a woman—more than the bath- room and its equipment. It is the comfort-center of the house- hold; and so long as houses are built to live in, the far-sighted architect will take no chances there. He knows that if it is not satisfactory the house will be viewed through dark glasses and mountains made of mole-hills. The safe way is to specify bathroom, kitchen and laundry plumbing equipment that is manufactured throughout by one house, bearing the reputation that can be gained only one way. That is the “WOLFF” line. ESTABLISHED 1855 L. Wolff Manu- facturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 W. Lake St., Chicago DENVER TRENTON Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago BRANCH OFFICES: SAN FRANCISCO, CaL., MONADNOCK BUILDING OMAHBA, NEB., 1116-1118 DOUGLAS STREET ST. LOUIS, Mo., 2210-2212 PINE STREET MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 615 NORTHWESTERN BUILDING CLEVELAND, OnI0, BUILDERS EXCHANGE WASHINGTON, D. C., 327 BOND BUILDING KANSAS CITY, Mo., 1204 SCARRETT BUILDING BUFFALO, N. Y., 61 MANCHESTER PLACE CINCINNATI, Onto, 506 Lyric BUILDING XXVili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1911 Our Books picture the many different sizes and styles of McCray Refrigerators for home use. The heat-excluding con- struction of the McCray walls, together with our system of positive air circu- lation maintains a temperature several degrees more frigid than would be possible otherwise. Ask for a Book McCray Refrigerators are made in the necessary styles for all who require perfect refrigeration. Descriptive booklets wiil be sent free on request. No. A. H. Built-in-to-order for Resi- dences. No. 67 for Groceries, No. 59 for Meat Markets, No. 48 for Hotels, Clubs and Institutions, No. 72 for Flower Shops. McCray Refrigerator Co. 287 Lake Street Kendallville, 1... Display Rooms and Agencies in ai. Principal Cities Don’t have your vacation marred by the spectres of old-fashioned heating methods. Don’t put it off longer, but settle at once and for all time this most important matter of home heating and hygiene. The savings in fuel, repairs, wi doctor bills, labor, etc., will pay for your annual vaca- tion, and you will put balmy Summer warmth throughout the whole house on the most tem- pestuous of Winter days by using an outfit of By the use of IDEAL Boilers and MERICAN [DE AMERICAN Radiators the fuel bills A Ss ow smaller; uneven heating and re- RADIATORS BOILERS pair bills disappear; ashes, soot and coal- gases are unknown in the living rooms; carpets, hangings and furniture are thereby given longer life; housework is reduced one-half, and the whole house is made a far better, happier, healthier place to live in. AMERICAN Radiators are made in a multitude of sizes and forms—to go alongside open stairs; to fit into corners, curves and circles; between windows and under window seats; with brackets to hang upon the walls—off the floor; with special feet to prevent cutting carpet; with smoothest surfaces for decorating in any color or shade to match woodwork, wall coverings, fur- niture, etc.; thin radiators for narrow halls and bathrooms; with plate-warming ovens for dining-rooms; big radiators for storm vestibules; with high legs for cleaning thereunder; with ventilation bases so air of room may be changed 1 to 4 times Ui: A No, A-241 IDEAL Boiler andi 46lisq. ft. of 38:in. per hour—and other splendid features which it would pay you AMERICAN Bs gees big to know. Our free book tells all about them (and all about costing owner » were . . . SSEHitn RCAbAthis cottage. IDEAL Boilers). You will need it to choose the models from. At these prices th d ere : can be Bought Soe Be ready at the turn of a valve to flood the house with invigorating, putable, competent fitter. genial warmth for the vacation-returning family. Prices in Spring This did not include cost usually rule the lowest of the year. In these less-hurried months oe pabory (pipe, valves, you are sure to get the best workmanship. Put your property into right © Sten vary according heating condition now, ready for best living, renting or selling. Don’t , to climatic and other con- wait until you build, but investigate today this big-paying building ‘\, ditions. investment. Ask for free book—puts you under no obligation to buy. murmerer: AMERICAN RADIATOR COMP. en Os a os oe al oho oss oe os oe oie ede ake alle eons os obs eke obese ss os a When for any reason the plants have been left too long in the hot-beds or have become crowded and have “kneed over” so that some length of the stalk lies on the ground, making fresh roots at the point of contact, it will be well in plant- ing such specimens to make a trench long enough to lay the plant therein so that only the erect part of the plant remains above ground. Tomatoes are prone to this habit and when planted in this way do very well indeed, as they have a much stronger root system than when grown in a normal way. Cosmos is another plant of like habit, and whenever this occurs it should be planted, or rather, trenched, in a way to make available the entire root growth and give a clean, up- right growth above ground. But drought, irregular growth and in- judicious planting are not the only troubles of newly set plants; the noc- turnal cut-worm lies in wait in all newly worked land, or adjacent thereto, ready to feast upon any tender, green things he comes across, and the destruction wrought in a single night by this pest is sometimes surprising. Every one who plants and tends a garden should make it a business of first importance to visit his plantings the first thing every morning and inspect the condition of the plants; many will be found cut away just above the surface of the ground and when this occurs, the perpetrator should be found and summarily dealt with. Usually a slight stirring of the ground about the decapitated plant will discover the cul- prit in the form of a fat, gray, brown or reddish worm, curled up asleep. and di- gesting his ill-got meal. One should never allow a plant cut off in this way or missing from any cause to remain unreplaced. Set another at once and preserve the full complement of numbers. This is where the great ad- vantage of a hot-bed is demonstrated, as enough plants may always be left in the bed to replace any likely loss from worms, wilting of plants or any other causes save frost. Of course, if a hard frost catches one’s entire planting it may tax the resources of an average hot-bed to replace them; for this reason it is well to hold one’s hand somewhat in the in- itial planting of the garden. In the setting of such plants as are likely to require staking—as cosmos, dahlias and the like—it is a distinct ad- vantage to set the stake at the time of setting the plant, as in this way all dam- age to the roots is avoided. It is almost impossible to thrust a stout stake down into the ground beside a plant of much root growth without causing injury to the root; especially is this the case with plants which make a mass of spreading tubers like the dahlia. In transplanting plants from one part of the garden to another, especially those hardy things which do not take kindly to removal and are apt to shed the earth from the roots when lifted, the operation is safeguarded by first digging the holes the plants are to occupy in their new position and then lifting the plant on the spade with as little disturbance as pos- sible and carrying it, still on the spade, to the hole and slipping it carefully in place. If a little water has previously been poured into the hole and then the earth firmed about the roots and more water applied and the whole finished off with a dust mulch as in the case of seed- lings, few, if any, plants will be the worse for the transference. The Famous BIS SELL BALL BEARING Carpet Sweeper The BISSELL Sweeper is famous throughout the world, and no article ever made is more uni- versally accepted as the best of its kind than the “BISSELL.” In every country of the world where carpets and rugs are used, the “‘BIS- SELL” is the acknowledged leader, com- manding the bulk of trade against all compe tition. It takes a high degree of merit to achieve these results, especially as carpet sweepers are made in foreign countries where the people are educated to patron- ize home industries. We have recently produced the only genuine Ball Bearing Sweeper ever put on the market, and this has given new and material prestige to the already celebrated BISSELL No sweeper ever constructed runs so easily and quietly or does its work so thoroughly as a “BIS- ff SELL BALL BEARING,”’ No other cleaning device can gather miscellaneous litter which the Bissell Sweeper swallows up with ease and facility, and a ““BISSELL’’ costs but 2,75 to 5.75 and will last from ten to twenty-five years. For sale by all the best trade, Write for booklet. Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. Dept. 125 b pt. Grand Rapids, Michigan (Largest and Only Ex- clusive Carpet Sweeper Makers in the World.) (138) ——s: | Caps plete PEADI-CU; 35m HOUSE #298 Room Aladdin Knocked Down Readi-Cut Houses are ship- ped everywhere. Every piece of material comes to you cut and fitted and ready to nail in place. No skilled labor required. Permanent, attractive, warm and lasting. Houses from 2to 12 rooms. Send stamps for catalog 15. North American Construction Co., Bay City, Mich. National Photo- Engraving Company @ Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative Purposes :-: :: Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" 14-16-18 Reade St., New York FELYPHON LE, cs Coldwell Lawn Mowers Hand, Horse and Motor Coldwell’s Motor Lawn Mowers Will do the work of three horse lawn mowers—and do it better q They will mow up 20 per cent grades. no hoof-prints as horses do. smoothly. men and three horses. when not in use. economical. q They leave @ They will roll the lawn @ They do away with the expense of two @ They are of no expense @ They are simple to operate and q They are a necessity on every large lawn Catalogue sent on request Manufactured by Coldwell Lawn Mower Co. Newburgh, N. Y. -¥ ‘ A of TEL (HAMBERLIN | Old Point Comfort, Virginia Have you ever tasted real Southern cooking —the old negro “mammy” kind? Do you know the taste of Virginia “Corn Pone,” Fried Chicken orSmithfield Ham? How about Oysters, Terrapin, Crab and Fish fresh from the water toyou? And every kind of vegetable of a quality which only the mellow, ideal climate of the South makes possible. This is the kind of food for which The Chamberlin is famous, and the cooking—delicious—the mere memory of it will bring its delights smacking to your lips again. The daily menus are elaborate, the service is perfect. You will be hungry, too— the invigorating ozone-laden sea breezes, the pine- laden land breezes, the wholesome recreation will take care of that. Easy to Reach—Unique Location The Chamberlin is centrally located and easily reached from anywhere. No other resort is so uniquely situated, right at Fortress Monroe, the centre of military activities, and Hampton Roads, the rendezvous of the Nations’ warships. From the dining-room of The Chamberlin you may view the most magnificent marine panorama in the world. Military and Naval activities, magnificent sea pool and medicinal baths, pure air and choice of recreations are a few of the reasons why this is The Ideal Year Round Resort for Rest and Recreation. For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all tourist bureaus or transportation offices, or ress me personally. GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. New York Office, 1122 Broadway. = (), it nn an le QOlive Fremstad \ | y has sung her favorite numbers (the first records of her golden voice ever made) exclusively for the The Columbia Grafonola “Mignon” $150 Photo by ~, Otto Sarony & l 4 T last we are able to offer to the great Columbia audience A records sung by Mme. Fremstad, premier soprano of the Metropolitan Opera. Her voice is beyond all question one of the richest the world has known. Powerful, sweet, clear and brilliant, it is a combination of vocal qualities of rare beauty and excellence. And these Double-Disc records are a revelation of the amazing manner in which the perfected Columbia process of recording reflects the individual powers of the singer. These Fremstad records, like all Columbia disc records, may be played on any disc machine, Columbia or Victor, and will outlast any other make of disc records. } Hear them at any Columbia Dealer’s a Ae Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen’l, §- Box 249, Tribune Building, New York / Creators of the Talking-Machine Industry. Pioneers and Leaders in the Talking-Machine Art. Owners of the Fundamental ’ Patents. Largest Manufacturers of Talking-Machines in the World. Dealers wanted—Exclusive selling rights i, given where we are not actively represented. THIS NUMBER CONTAINS ALICE SUMMER H (, Inc., Publi CLOCKS @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine “Willard” or Banjo Clock, and several other kinds. @ If your local jeweler does not sell our clocks, send direct for our new illustrated catalog. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS Waltham, Massachusetts ECONOMY, CLEANLINESS AND SAFETY Are the Three Essential Features of our Automatic Paint Brush | 40% LABOR SAVED 20% PAINT SAVED | It is Adapted for use with al] Paints. It can be operated by gravity or Air Pressure. It assures an equal flow at all Times. It absolutely elimi- nates dipping and _ dripping and thus makes for Cleanli- ness. It does away with the paint can and its resultant dangers. Bristles are set in Metal. Remember the Name “METALSET.” For further particulars and descriptive pamphlet, address Standard Automatic Manufacturing Co. 50 Church Street, New York City BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products MAY AND JUNE PLANTING @ The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery, and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our Nursery consists of 250 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size. Farr's Bulbs Imported to Order Special Discounts to Early Buyers Many inquiries have been received from customers who desire to obtain rare bulbous Irises and the other plants not usually offered in American catalogues. Others, who have been pleased with the superior quality of the plants I have supplied them, have asked if it would be possible for me to furnish them with Daffodils, Tulips, Hyacinths, etc., for fall planting. _To meet this demand, I have prepared a new little Bulb Booklet which lists all of the standard favorites, in addition to many new and rare ones. These will be imported direct on customer's individual orders only; by this means larger and finer bulbs may be secured at prices less than usually are charged for bulbs of average quality. A special discount of 10 per cent on all orders received before July 1st ,_ As the finest bulbs can only be obtained by placing orders in advance, it is of the greatest importance both to me and to you that you specify your wants as early as possible; and for this reason a specia! discount of 10 percent. will be granted on orders received before July Ist, 1911. Booklet ready now—I'll be glad to send a copy if you wish it. BERTRAND H. FARR Wyomissing Nurseries, 643-E Penn Street, READING, PA. N. B.—A new edition of my General Catalogue of Hardy Plant Specialties will be ready September Ist. Evergreens and Conifers. More than 75 acres of our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens. Our plants are worth traveling any distance to see. Roses in Pots. It is important to place orders at once, while we have many thousands in choice new and popular kinds. We are frequently sold out of many varieties, causing disappointment. Rhododendrons. Many thousands of acclimated plants in Hardy English and American varieties are growing in our Nursery. Bay Trees. Our display of these fascinat- ing trees is larger this season than ever. We are growing many hundreds of perfect specimens. Hardy Trailing and Climbing Vines. We grow immense quantities for all kinds of planting. Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants. Hun- dreds of thousands of new, rare and popular varieties cf these old-time favorites. Boxwood. We grow thousands of plants in many shapes and sizes. Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. Decorative Plants. We have 250,000 square feet of greenhouses in which we grow alms for Conservatories, House and exterior decorations. Japanese Wistaria in Tubs. We have a splendid lot of Japanese Wistaria in tubs which can be planted now or any time during the Summer. f English Ivy. We are growing many ousands of specimens of English Ivys from 6-8 ft. tall in pots. These can be used for all kinds of decorative purposes. Bulbs and Roots. Spring, Summer and Autumn flowering. Lawn Grass Seed. Our Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction everywhere. Tubs. We manufacture all shapes and sizes. Ask for special list. Our New Giant Flowering Marsh Mallow. A new and perfectly hardy Hibiscus for naturalizing or background effects and especially adapted for old-fashioned shrub borders or individual grouping. Flowers are immense in size, sometimes measuring ten inches and more in diameter. he . colors range from white to the most delicate and brilliant shades of crimson and pink. They begin to flower in July and bloom profusely until late Autumn. Our New Illustrated General Catalogue No. 90 will tell you about the above and all our other products for Lawns and Gardens Ask for Autumn Bulb Catalogue ; We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere We can make Old Gardens New and New Gardens Old with our World’s Choicest Nursery Products Visitors, take Erie R.R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, 3 minutes walk to nursery BOBBINK & ATKINS, Rutherford, N. J. Nurserymen, Florists and Planters June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i SOIL POLLUTION BY HOOKWORM INCE the discovery by Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles that the hookworm is responsible for the low mental and physical condition of the “poor whites” in many parts of the South, the problem of soil pollution has engaged the attention of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service as well as of local health authorities. Under the direction of Prof. Stiles and Dr. Charles R. Gardner, experiments have been conducted with a view to determin- ing the length of time that hookworm eggs may retain their vitality in the soil under various conditions of drying and To get the best results with your camera, of temperature. From these experiments 2s ; Sg a ee it appears that it is not safe to assume that it is absolutely essential to equip it with a the sand under and around a privy is en- tirely free from infection with hookworm even five months after the privy was last used, although the infection is consider- ably reduced at the end of four months. Under water, where the fecal material undergoes decomposition, most of the hookworm eggs are dead in about ten weeks, though some survive that period. It seems very probable that in three months all hookworm eggs in fecal ma- terial would be dead if this material is subjected to decomposition; at any rate, it would not be safe to use such material for fertilizer in less than three months. Chloride of lime has been used as a disinfectant in solutions of about one pound to ten gallons of water. Experi- ments show that this solution does not kill all the hookworm eggs in from 22 to 40 hours. B +S 7 Incidentally these experiments brought ausch lomb Optical ©. out the fact that eggs of various species aa “LONDON DOCHFESTED. NY “RANKFORT of flies, including the common or “ty- phoid” fly, are still capable of develop- ment, and that the flies are capable of , a Aah aoe reaching the open air, even when the fly- : 7 Bir ira evaey tesla Mockiaonsuhow pases ouae blown material containing the eggs is buried All Ieee calnan fanihedl Gain pee engto. ve inchice or sand. scm: tt esse’ st, vont | Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains Made of finest English ground colors, linseed oil, and our special Be iccli Toanh Joiss JESSAR [ENS Nothing can equal its all around =fficiency—its great light- gathering power and sharp definition. {t helps the ama- teur by extending the scope of his work and appeals equally to the man of wide photographic experience, Booklet J treats of better photography in an interesting manner. Write for it today. Our name, backed by over half a century of experience, is on all our products— Lenses, microscopes, field glasses, ee tion apparatus, enginccring and other Scientific instruments. Let us help you with your color scheme SAE sages Sars ae See Dexter preservative oils. Fifty per cent. cheaper than paint and far , a more artistic in effect. Brings out the natural beauty of the shingles THE ADVANCE. OF PLANT LIFE uy % ae and adds years % theic life. a. ; 5 Dexter Brothers Co., 113 Broad St., Boston, Mass. 4 1133 B’dway, New York, 218 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. iF ; ae: E ' OKC Also Makers of Petrifax Cement Coating. HEN, years ago, there occurred e es WE scents: F.H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; H. M. Hooker Co., S i - a ‘e “ : h “\ Chicago; E. B. Totten, St. Louis; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, the tremendous volcanic explo Ae . ee | Spokane and Tacoma, Wakes aaa Portland, Ore.; Carolina sion in the Straits of Sunda, “the : bg ane RS Portiand Cement Co., Atlanta, Ga,. Birmingham and Montgomery, seo Op ” - - ate ‘ NE, Yf Ala., Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, S.C., and New Orleans, La.: biggest noise the world ever heard,” half of the island of Krakatoa was blown away and every vestige of life was destroyed on the remaining half. The ground was buried under hot ashes and burning pumice stene, varying in depth from three feet to nearly two hundred feet. No vegeta- Sample and OP / A House Lined with ble germ could possibly have survived Circular 4 the catastrophe. Yet, only three years @ after the eruption, when Krakatoa was y explored, various species of plants were & ; || ? [ ad () () found flourishing there. é It was shown that they could not have a Ss @ re Trancisco: chlager & Co. onolulu; WESLEY LESHER BLITHE, Architect, Phlladelphia A sherman SS Ca a het ema been carried there by human agency, be- as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, cause men had not visited the devastated a Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. island. The character of the new plants 3) The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, was such as to prove that they could not x nor insects can make their way through or live init. have been derived from the former vege- tation of Krakatoa, even if any living re- mains of that vegetation could have ex- isted in the burned and buried soil. 4 WE 2 The nearest land on which any plants CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED grew was the island of Sibesie. Sumatra ea is twenty miles and Java twenty-one ( ° U. S. Mineral Wool Co. miles from Krakatoa. Yet a dozen kinds 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. of ferns and several species of floweriny plants and grasses were discovered by Hy CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR. Treub flourishing on the shore and in the ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 A yery interesting pamphlet just issued by us on the Pergola can be had free on request. Ask for Catalogue A-27 or A-40 of WOOD COLUMNS. Hartmann - Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES., CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office : 1123 Broadway, New York City attractive effect that can be obtained by This adds but very little building and makes it an attractive feature as it frequently is. Our illustration shows the adopting pergola treatment for your garage. to the cost of the general landscape scheme instead of an eyesore, of your FORTY BEAUTIFUL HOMES like this are illustrated and described in my new book “HOMES OF CHARACTER" with floor plans, exterior views, and accurate cost estimates, $1.00 postpaid. Sample pages 2c. Special Offer. 3y dollar with a_ year's subscription to KEITH'S MAGAZINE on Home Building, $2.00 JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect 1245 Williamson Building, Cleveland, Ohio My dollar Cost $2,500 ‘ptelinleey pk FE. fivesbe. dD ERS Ashiand, Ohie Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND. OHIO Meare end atk AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES Co. SoLe MaNuFacturers ..1. NEW HAVEN, CONN. mountainous interior. That some of these forms of vegetation had been carried there by the ocean was indicated by the fact that seeds of littoral plants were found scattered on the shore. As to the other plants, the history of their appearance upon the island seems to have been as follows: First, a thin film of a simple form of vegetable life, derived from floating germs in the atmosphere, covered the pumice stone and, through chemical action, brought its surface into a condition fitted for the nourishment of ferns and later of flowering plants. The seeds of these were brought by the winds and birds and, as soon as the soil was capable of supporting them, they took root and, bathed in the equatorial sun- shine, began the work of clothing the bar- ren island anew. Renewed attention has recently been called to this reappearance of vegetation on Krakatoa in connection with the gen- eral subject of the origin of plants that in- habit islands. Nature shows herself en- tirely capable of conveying the germs of plant life for long distances by means of the ocean and the atmosphere, aided by the birds. When man comes to her as- sistance, the work goes on apace. Of more than eighty species of plants inhabiting the Laccadive Islands, which are simply the tops of a group of sub- merged mountain peaks in the Arabian Sea, half of whose inhabitants have been, at times, swept off by storm waves, it is believed that fifty-six have been intro- duced by man, eleven by the sea, two by the winds, and two by birds. There is nothing more impressive in modern science than the story of what has been learned of the gradual conquest of the earth by plants. WHITE CEMENT OLORED surfaces or objects in ce- ment are made by adding pigment to the surface layer, but the nat- ural color of the cement must be taken into account in selecting and apportioning the coloring matter. For this reason nu- merous attempts have been made to pro- duce a white cement. Often colored cements are made by adding suitable metallic oxides before the furnace process. Ordinary Portland cement takes its hue from the color of the substances entering into the raw material, such as iron and manganese compounds. Nearly all the clays and marls contain such oxides, so that it is difficult to have a white cement. Dr. Wormser overcomes the difficulty by a process in which he obtained white ce- ment from ordinary clays and even fer- ruginous clays The crude mass is mixed with 2 to 5 per cent of sal ammoniac and during the furnacing process this is vola- tilized and escapes in the shape of fumes. It may be recovered by passing the fumes through scrubbers in which the sal am- moniac (ammonium chloride) is absorbed by the water. Chloride of iron also passes in the fumes. The furnaces should be of the small vertical type and this in- creases the cost of production, but on the other hand the product brings a higher price. If an absolutely white cement is not needed, a more economical process is to use chloride of zinc for treating. The resulting product always retains a small amount of this salt and it has a slight greenish tint. HESS swim LOCKER ‘ a TheOnly Modern, Sanitary STEEL Medicine Cabinet orlocker finished in snow-white, baked everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel plate brass trimmings. shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned. Should Be In Every Bath Room ® Four styles—four sizes. To recess in wall or to hang outside. Send for illus- m trated circular. TheR d St HESS, 926 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago Titine Coninee Makers of Steel tecl Furnaces. Free Booklet. Steel or glass CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS Prices marked in plain figures will always be found EXCEED- INGLY LOW when compared with the best values obtainable elsewhere Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47West 23°97. —- 24-28 West 24"St ‘Detroit | Guarante ed You are the sole judge of theen- gine and its merits. 25,000 satisfied users. Greatest Engine Bargain ever offers ed. Nothing com- plicated or liable to get out of order Speolal wholesale price on the first outfit sold, Bingle oyl., 2-8h. p.; double oyl., 8-20 h. p.; 4 oyl, 20-50 h. p. Suitable for any boat, canoe tocruiser. Also railroad track car, All Waterproof ignition engines complete with system. Money refunded if you are not sstisfied. ™ boat fittings. Free Catalog. Detroit Engine Works, | 206 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. Starts with- out cranking. Reverses while in motion. 200 Building MacLagan’s Suburban Homes is a big book of over 200 Building Plans of Bungalows, Suburban and Coun- try Homes, actually erected, cost- ing from $400 up to $10,000. Price 50 cents. The best book published for the home-builder. Plans and Specifications, $5 up. C. P. MacLagan, Architect, 45 Clinton St., Newark, N. J, BROOMELL’S VACUUM CLEANER Ghe ** VICTOR” “*Tis the finest in the Land.” Electric Portable % H. P. motor—a perfect machine. Electric Stationary 1 H. P. motor. You can install it yourself in two hours time. Only one pipe required made from slip joint nickel-plated tubing, furnished with ma- chine. Buy direct and save money. Victor Cleaner Co., Manufacturers, York, Pa. CLINCH right through the | standing seam of metal roofs. unless desired. We make 6 similar one for slate roofs. No rails are needed Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA June, 1911 THE MIXING OF CONCRETE HE question as to how much water should be used in mixing concrete has often come up for discussion among engineers in Europe, and opinions seem to be divided in this regard. The German Concrete Association has been giv- ing this matter its attention for some time past, apropos of the standardizing of con- crete testing methods. In order to eluci- date this point, tests were made by prepar- ing concrete in two different places and by different workmen. A great number of samples were then prepared having an ag- gregate weight of nearly 100 tons. Dur- ing a period of five years these men put through a series of tests as to resistance to various strains. These experiments are now completed and the results have been published. Among other results the work carried out at the testing laboratory of the Stuttgart Technical School with samples made at the laboratory itself by the same workmen and under the same conditions, showed that for a proper composition of concrete the maximum strength appears to be obtained by using the smallest possible amount of water compatible with the pro- duction of a good mixed concrete. However, the use of the minimum amount of water requires the greatest care and can only be practiced by very skillful workmen. Otherwise it is to be feared that the concrete will not be homogeneous. The conclusion is drawn that in proportion as the workmen are less skilled, greater se- curity, is given by increasing the amount of water. It is also to be noted that other factors enter in here, such as the variable humidity of the sand, gravel, etc., varia- tions in the hygrometric state and tempera- ture, and others, and that these also have an influence on the amount of water needed. CONCRETE CATHEDRAL HE cathedral of Poti on the Black Sea in Russia is built entirely of re- inforced concrete. It is of the Byzantine type, designed somewhat after the St. Sophia structure of Constantinople. As the loose sandy soil near the Rion River, upon which the building is located, will ad- mit of but little weight on the pile founda- tion, reinforced concrete answered the pur- pose very well, and it took less than a year to build, against ten years for the Batoum and other Russian cathedrals, besides cost- ing much less. It has a main dome sur- rounded by half-domes covered with sheet iron. A pressure of but twenty pounds per square inch was permitted upon the foun- dations. A REMARKABLE CONCRETE BUILDING SIX-STORY reinforced concrete building in Boston, for the use of a motor car company, has circular columns of the same diameter in the upper and lower stories and has a long span floor construction, permitting a deep turntable well of large diameter in each story. The exterior faces of the walls are relieved by panels and moldings integral with the body of the wall. The front wall corresponds with the brick and stone face of an adjacent building and has a rather elaborate trim- ming of cornice, dentals, and carved stone, all of which, except the last, are cast in- tegral with the body of the wall. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Suggestion Nabisco Sugar Wafers play an important part during the month of brides and roses. NABISCO Sugar Wafers served with ices, frozen puddings and bever- ages, add the final touch of elegance and hos- pitality to every repast—simp le or elaborate. In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins CHOCOLATE TOKENS—Confections of rare goodness with a coating of creamy chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 4 Modern Plumbing Illustrated By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (1034x734) Paces 55 FuLL PaGEs OF ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 @ A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public Buildings, etc. The very latest and most ap- proved methods in all branches of Sanitary In- stallation are given. @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- trated follow in the next column. MUNN © CO.,Inc., Publishers 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Coanections {ete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift— Sump Tank Dispose of Sewage of Underground Floors of igh Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat House Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plum bing for Office Building Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Engine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, etc. [by Electricity Thawing of Underground Mainsand Service Pipes iV WASHINGTON, D. C. National and Irternational Real Estate Transactions The Elite Patronage of the United States GRANT PARISH The Premier Broker in Country Property in the United States \ J t Special A4.--A classical Southern Fstate; mansion of 25 rooms, modern luxury, costly buildings, 20 acres of land, fashionable locality and elit section, magnificent park o1 landscape gardening, forest, terraces. 15 minutes from town, Price $60,000, Printed description. Special 43.—Gentlemen’s Country Estate, 40 m!nutes from © White Hcuse.’’? 80-acres, large handsone brick residence, 16 rooms, command- ing elevation, stately forest grove, dehghtful Southern all year home on the edge of Washington. $25,000. Printed description, Country Estates de Luxe. residential domains, farms, plantations, elite villas, and marine estates in the aristocratic locations of the United States, Europe—Princely domains, estates, villas, apartments, town houses GRANT PARISH, 1429 New York Ave.,. WASHINGTON, D. C. CONNECTICUT Norwalk, Conn. And Its Beautiful Surrounding Country We have some very interesting Properties FOR SALE Farms, Estates, Acreage, Gentlemen’s Country Places, Residences on Shore or Inland AT ALL PRICES It would entertain you to look if seeking a place in this section List and particulars given upon request We invite you to write or call H. E. DANN & SON, te. Norwalk and South Norwalk, Conn. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS VIRGINIA Md {COLONIAL ESTATES ‘|PRODUCTIVE FARMS Largest exclusive dealers in the South Agencies at all principal points SOULE REALTY COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. Wve Department M Old Virginia Home Farms @ Send for our list of beautiful Country Estates, Orchards and Grazing Lands. We have many rare bargains to offer, in productive, money making Farms. Photographs and detailed descriptions furnished. Write me what you want. HARRY M. HUBBELL Virginia | Warrenton Do You Want to Purchase A Home ? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. June, 1911 CONNECTICUT Wm. S. Meany Meany Bldg. Tel’s 103-293 Greenwich Conn. GREENWICH, CONN. REALTY of all descriptions FOR SALE Country Seats, Estates, Residences, Farms, Acreage, Building Sites Furnished and Unfurnished Houses to Rent for 1911 Season at special prices Would be pleased to have correspondence ora call advising | of requirements, Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens new Advertising Section Real Estate Mart’’ Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! “The PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” Vr ate Se eee ll Fig. 2—A house of stucco and shingles artistic design and modern appointments line the banks of the canal and the interior lakes, which extend inland some distance from the sea. The house built for Mr. Charles H. Raynor, and illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, will be of interest to one who may desire a larger amount of sleeping-room space in preference to the living quarters. The second story of this house covers a greater area than the first story, and a greater number of bedrooms are obtained by the exten- sion of the second story over the piazza of the first story. The first story of the house is constructed of cement stucco and the second of shingles, stained brown, while the trim- mings are painted white. The interior throughout has a white painted trim, and the interior arrangement of the various rooms is most excellent. One of the finest sites is the one chosen by Charles Oddie, Esq., which is built at the head of the lake and is illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. This is an excellent house and is ideal either for a Summer or a Winter home. It Fig. 3—A second view shows the west side June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 221 aay 4 i . ” Fig. 4—The piazza and sleeping-porch is a feature of this house is of good design and is built of stucco. Among the prin- at the level of the second story. ‘The entrance is direct cipal features of the dwelling are the broad piazza, which into the living-room, which, with the dining-room, occupies Balcony Fig. 5—First floor plan Fig. 6—Second floor plan extends across the front, the enclosed living-porch opening the main part of the first floor. The woodwork through- from the living-room, and the screened sleeping-porch built out the interior is painted ivory white enamel. The living- Fig. 7—A good design for a modern stucco house Fig. 8—A dwelling of gray cement stucco and white trim 222 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 Fig. 9—The exterior walls of this house are constructed of cement stucco room has a bay window with a paneled window seat, and an open fireplace built with brick facings and hearth and mantel. French windows on either side of the fireplace open onto = £ F Porch : Dres y | Pantry. Hl ! a, f i Porch I | 7 Dining Room Living Room | Porch F | fh | | H | | | : i — — ——_—]] T Seat Fig. |10—First floor a b+ the living-porch. An ornamental staircase ascends from this room to the second floor. To the left of the main landing of the staircase is a built-in nook, furnished with a paneled seat, over which is built a cluster of small latticed windows. The dining-room is separated from the living-room by an archway supported on columns. The butler’s pantry and kitchen are fitted up with the best modern appointments. The second floor contains four bedrooms, a sleeping-porch Maids Bed R'm Roof Fig. 11—Second floor plan and a bathroom. Messrs. Slee and Bryson, of Brooklyn, were the architects of this interesting dwelling. The house of Mr. C. H. Norton, illustrated in Fig. 7, and designed by James L. Burley, architect, of New York, Fig. |2—-French windows open from the dining-room to the living-porch Fig. 13—-Another view of the house, showing the pergola porch June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a Fig. |14—A house built of stucco and shingles presents a good design for a modern stucco house. The exterior walls of the building are covered with cement stucco and the roof is covered with shingles and stained a deep red. The interior of the house is trimmed with oak; the ——) Wiest oe _——a ) Tea Porch 1 eee Billiard R'm Fig. | Sele aerattoer plan reception-room, hall, library and dining-room have paneled wainscotings and beamed ceilings. The hall is separated from the reception-room to the right and the library to the left by archways supported on square columns The fireplace in the library is built of brick and has a stone mantel. The fireplace in the dining-room has facings and hearth of Philadelphia pressed brick and a brick mantel. The kitchen and its dependencies and the maids’ rooms occupy the remainder of the floor space in the first story. The second story contains four bedrooms provided with large closets, an outdoor sleeping-porch and a bathroom. These bedrooms are treated with a white Bed R'm | — ae 16—Second floor plan painted trim and the walls are decorated in one color scheme. Mr. A. White Pierce designed the house illustrated in Fig. 8, and built for Frank K. Heinz, Esq. This is a house Fig. 17 —A view of the house through the trees Fig. 18—The stairs ascend from the living-room 224 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of special construction, is square in form with its lines fre- quently broken by ornamental windows and doorways, which relieve the monotony and the severity of the exterior walls. A low sloping roof, covered with shingles, is stained a deep red tone in harmony with the yellow gray stucco and the ivory white trimmings. The plan shows a large living-room and _ living-porch built at the front of the house. The entrance to the living- room is direct from the entrance porch, opposite which is built an open fireplace. To the right of the fireplace an ornamental staircase ascends to the second story. A bay window is built at the right side of the room, while opposite it is a French window opening onto the living-porch, which is at the side of the house. The dining-room is separated by an archway and connected with the kitchen through the butler’s pantry. The kitchen, its dependencies and lobby are trimmed with cypress, finished naturally, and are fur- Dresser Porch [eae Rees 1 Fig. 19—First floor plan nished with all the best modern improvements. There are four bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The house built for Walter Minton, Esq., and illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, I1, 12 and 13, was designed by Messrs. Slee and Bryson, architects, of Brooklyn, ‘The exterior walls of the house are constructed of cement stucco, and are relieved by the two porches, built at either end of the house, and the latticed casement windows with which the house is provided. The roof is covered with shingles stained a soft green tone, which harmonizes well with the gray stucco and the white trimmings. The living-room is entered direct from the entrance porch. Both this and the dining-room are treated with white enamel paint. The living-room has a window-seat and an open fireplace built of brick furnished with a Colonial mantel. An ornamental staircase, with white risers and treads and a mahogany rail and balusters, ascends to the sec- ond floor. The dining-room has a paneled wainscoting to the June, 1911 height of seven feet, at which point a plate-rack is placed. Broad French windows open onto the living-porch built at the side of the house. The kitchen and dependencies are fitted up complete and a private staircase leads to the maids’ rooms on the second floor, over the kitchen. This floor also contains three bedrooms and two bathrooms. The house illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 was built for Henry W. Ackerson, Esq. This is an inter- esting house of good design, with a cement terrace at the front, having a floor covered with red quarry tile and en- closed with a balustrade, from which the entrance to the house is reached. The first story is constructed of cement stucco, while the second story is covered with brown-stained shingles. The shingled roof is also stained a soft brown tone and the trimmings throughout are painted ivory white. The living- and the dining-rooms are trimmed with cypress, painted ivory white. The living-room contains a Fig. 21—Second floor plan staircase with white-painted treads, risers and balustrades, and a mahogany newel post and rail. There is a window seat and an open fireplace built with brick facings and a Colonial mantel of Georgian style. Doors on either side of the fireplace open into the billiard-room, which 1s trimmed with oak. ‘This room is a particularly handsome one for the reason that it has a dome ceiling, which gives it a greater height. It has a paneled wainscoting and an open fireplace built with quarry tile facings from the floor to the ceiling. The house illustrated in Figs. 19, 20 and 21 represents a dwelling of the leanto-roof kind, the feature of which was copied from the Colonial house so fre- quently seen in New England. All of the houses illu- strated in this paper have servant’s quarters placed in the third story, with bath, and ample storage space, while the cellar of each of the houses has a heating apparatus, fuel-rooms and every necessary fixture which goes to make a house livable. June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 225 Furnishing the Home Cretonne and Summer By Mary Edith Griswold Photographs by Helen D. Van Eaton proved for summer service by a touch of freshness and color with the addition of cretonne, the whitewash brush or the paint pot. The proper way to begin the making ready for summer is with an old-fash- ioned housecleaning. Let in the sunshine and the air, use plenty of soap and water, a good scrubbing brush and en- thusiasm. This is a task and one which must be done in a spirit of fun, gracefully, with the head working with the body. The only way to ease the inevitable work and to keep it from becoming drudgery, is by lightening the mental attitude. Fix the attention on the attainment of beauty, freshness, and comfort and they will all be easily at- tained. The whole house may be embellished with Cte 0 ne, but few house- wives are pos- sessed of suf- ficient enthusi- asm to reach all round in one season. If she has embellished the sitting- room last year, the same covers are good for this season if they have been cane fully washed and put away. When one has decided A sleeping-room furnished in good taste upon the use of cretonne for summer, freshness and com- fort are assured, but the attainment of beauty is entirely a question of taste, and the disposition for taking pains. A pretty pattern of cretonne which would go well in one place would look horrid in another. ‘The pattern and the color must harmonize to create a whole scheme. In selecting everything new for an old room one must consider the color, style and texture of the things which you have already. If this rule is regularly followed each room will always be in harmony. So before buying the summer cretonne you should consider the colors desired and the style of the pattern. After that measure exactly the amount of material needed. Do not buy twenty yards and then find you are two and a-half yards short and the piece is all sold before you go back to get the shortage, or do not have an extra yard left to go into the rag bag. If the material is ex- pensive, even a- Ingvar — \yehir al counts and any- how it is an in- eficient way of doing things. Buying _ cre- tonne for sum- mer is a pleas- ant task. The material is so pretty. New and tem- peramental pat- terns appear each year, but the dearly prized rose pat- tern of youth (probably there 226 The chairs and draperies to the windows are of flowered cretonne never was a time when the pink rose upon a white field was not used) is still present, as beautiful as ever. The prices range from nineteen cents to a dollar a yard, and there are always bargains to be had for less even than the former charge. If only one room can be adorned for summer perhaps the sitting-room where the family assemble would give the most happiness to all. It is the room which gets the hardest wear always and is in constant need of a change. One of the pleasantest summer sitting-rooms I have ever seen was made by the family without the help of any pro- fessional workmen. It was a small room, so the problem was: How to make seating enough for everybody without crowding? This question was Sake ed by building a succession of box couches all round the room, with corners fitted with bookcases. The top shelf was wide enough and high enough so that one sitting or lying on the couch could see to read by the lamp on the top of the bookcase. The frame for this extensive piece of furniture was rough packing boards made from packing cases. The book shelves, sides of the couches, mattresses, pillows were all covered with cretonne, so that the quality of the lumber did not make any difference. The top of this couch was sixteen inches from the floor and three feet wide, so that any single mattress would fit. It is always wise to use standard sizes, because when you have finished using a thing in some particular place it can be used without alteration in another. An enormous amount of waste could be saved in the household by the adoption of standard sizes for everything. So if you use a three-foot couch the top mattress will be available for the single beds later on, or old mattresses may be used in this Way. The difficulty of leaning backward in a seat three feet wide was obviated by building a back, eight inches wide, across the length of the couch. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 This is essential to comfort, as nothing could be more uncomfortable than sitting upon a seat which is too wide. The wall was covered with grass cloth of dull. green tone, to harmonize with the green of the draperies. The portieres in this room were also of the same cretonne. » The’sash curtains were brought into the scheme. oF color by having half-inch strips of green sateen folded- and stitched upon the scrim in diagonals. This is 4 wonderful improvement upon the plain white curtain and suggests: the dim subdued light of cathedral windows, a_ pleasant | inti- mation on a hot day, and a good quality of sateen will wash beautifully. Children’s rooms are very adaptable to a fresh bit of color in the: summer time. Childish eyes instinctively see and appreciate beauty more keenly than older eyes, which look within more and more as the years pass. A girl’s room may be done in the sweet rose pink tones which are so plentiful in cheaper cretonnes. The bed- spread, the bureau scarf, the window curtains in a new ma- terial will make her happy for a long time. The boy’s room is happier in darker colors and some of the patterns designed “not to show the dirt” (as they say in the shops) will make the boy happiest. He can lay his treasures from the fields upon such a cover without fear of reproof. The dead or alive things which a boy picks up and carries home to treasure for a time are important, as through them he learns more than can be estimated and the possession of them in peace will make him love home. So for the boy a dark background may be selected for the display of the things more attractive to him. All bedrooms can be improved with cretonne. It makes the most attractive counterpanes, curtains, covers for boxes and chests, and scarfs for the night table, dressing table or commode. The counterpane may be finished with lace, fringe, tassels, or in the simplest way possible, a hem. The pillows can be A room furnished with figured cretonne for the window and bedstead June, 1911 equipped with covers of the same material as the counterpane, which can be removed at night and put on again in the morning. Or the pillows can be put away, or put out to sun every day and their place taken with a bolster. The handiest bolsters are made of cardboard, rolled and _ fastened to- gether, say ten inches in diameter, and covered first with white cloth and then with cretonne like the cov- erlid.. They are light and can be easily lifted out of the way to the top shelf in the closet each night, or - tossed on the chairs. The cushions for willow chairs and furniture are most attractively covered with cretonne. It requires very little material to make these cushions. and © the artistic housewife will take great pains in selecting a variety of designs which will “‘go” together. It is more restful. than - the repetition of the same pattern too often. stered easy chairs, cretonne has no equal. If the springs are in perfect condition, and the original cover has not be- gun to bag or sag it is an easy task to re-cover chairs. Patience and a tack hammer are about all the equipment needed. A ADs | A charming spare bedroom. may be. accomplished by papering the walls with cream tinted striped paper, tinting the ceiling light cream and:using gold picture molding. The floor is of golden oak and the furniture is enameled white. The draperies and bedspread are figured scrim with a delicate rose design. The spread must be used over a plain white underlining. Home-made rugs complete the floor. A guest chamber should have only what is necessary for the comfort of guests. With little care and pains, windows can be made pretty with little expense. One can purchase Cretonne cushions are used for the willow furniture _A divan built of packing boxes and covered with cretonne For use in coy- ; ering old-fashioned rocking chairs, and the popular uphol- | Box couches and bookcases are built in around the room AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 227 plain net or scrim and add a band of lace inser- tion and have the edge finished with lace. An- other pretty way is to buy a pretty design in the striped cretonne and ap- plique. with _ buttonhole stitch around the cut-out de- sign. One may use sash curtains full length or with an overdrapery gracefully thrown over the curtain pole. The edge should be finished with cotton fringe of the prevailing color. The illustration also shows a pretty stool which may be made from a butter tub. The lid may be hinged and the top padded with ex- celsior and cotton batting. Then cover with strong cloth to hold the materials in place and re-cover with cretonne, using _ brass headed tacks, and finish the bottom with a ruffle and an excelsior roll covered with cretonne and fastened at the top. The variety of devices for sewing materials which can be made from cretonne are unlimited. ‘There is the sewing screen, made over either an old or a new frame. It has no fixed rule of construction, but the handiest ones are those that fold into the centre panel and have pouches for materials, pegs for spools, a wk S - pin cushion, needle book, and hooks to hang scissors upon. Picture frames, pin trays, lamp shades, letter racks, pin cushions, and all sorts of fancy boxes can also be made of cretonne. None of these require much capital in dollars and cents, but they do require time and taste. It is with such devices that a touch of color can be intro- duced into the dimmed drawing-room, the worn-out library, or the familiar sitting-room. One yard of cretonne is sufficient to cover the largest lamp shade, and you can use the old frame and fringe. The simplest pattern is a square of the cloth thrown over the frame, with a hole cut in the middle for the collar around the projecting chimney. A rocking chair of excellent design secre cemet atl, AMERICAN “HOMES AND CGCARDENS o Z = G) — o aly g Ly a: o = O S) is o E (e) a is i=] =} fe) (2) wo Ss & E o 2 to & A o = be June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Country Home By Burr Bartram 229 As NE of the most surprising houses that the author has ever found is the one which has just been built for C. C. Merritt, Esq., at Pelham, N. Y., and which illus- trates this paper. The most striking fea- ture is the fact that the exterior has the appearance of an old New England farm- house built some hundred and fifty years ago, instead of being of recent construction. The owner selected this type of house for the design of the new building, which has been very carefully carried out in every detail by his architect, Mr. Herbert N. Baer, of New York. ‘The exterior, with its walls covered with hand-split cypress shingles, which are given a coat of whitewash, and the wooden blinds, painted midas green, help to accomplish the effect desired, and the result shows a very excellent copy of its prototype. A greater surprise, however, is in store for one when an entrance is obtained to the interior, for here one finds that the architect has departed from the simplicity of the farm- house to the splendor of a more pretentious home and its furnishings, and while this is true, there is a perfect harmony throughout. The entrance is direct from the front door to the vesti- bule, which forms the access to the main part of the dwelling. The great living-room, extending up to the peak of the gable which forms the roof of the building, is of excellent proportions and is splendidly furnished. This room is trim- med with chestnut, stained and finished in an old English oak of a soft browntone. A paneled wainscoting extends around the room to the height of the top of the windows, above which the wall space is covered with a tapestry paper of a combination of old blue and green tones. The timbers of the roof are exposed to view, are dressed, and form a very in- teresting feature of the interior. An ingle-nook occupies one end of the room, under the gallery which extends across and forms a passageway to the various sleeping-rooms in the second story. This ingle-nook has a fireplace built of rough brick laid with white mortar joints, with its facings ex- tending up through the roof of the house. Paneled seats are built: at either side of the fireplace. An ornamental stair- The exterior of the house, showing its farmhouse characteristics 230 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | June, rgit Upper Part of Living Room Servant's Room Living Room Vestibule Porch =i = : Another view of the house First floor plan case ascends from one side of the ingle-nook to the gallery tapestries are hung on the wall, and mahogany furniture in the second story. completes the furnishing of the room. From the vestibule level a door opens into the dining- The kitchen and its dependencies are complete, and a room, which is also trimmed with chestnut. Some good — servant’s-room is provided adjoining the kitchen. (3 ei} tl i 4 The ingle-nook under the stair landing in the living-room June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 231 The dining-room The second floor contains a guest room, facing the front, and the owner’s room and boudoir in the rear. The owner’s sleeping-room has a wall covering of old rose Chippendale paper. Old mahogany furniture, including a four-poster bed, carries out the character of a Colonial house. The bou- doir opening from the sleeping-room is designed in a differ- The boudoir ent period. The walls are paneled; the woodwork is painted white enamel, and the panels are covered with a light blue silk. The whole general color scheme throughout the house has been worked out in keeping one with the other, and is a very excellent representation of a delightful house. The owner’s sleeping-room AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 The garden walk is bordered with white phlox terminating in a tub of hydrangeas The Camera in the Garden By Frederick C. Beach $A WING to the improvements in the manu- ; facture of color sensitive photographic plates within the past few years and their use in the camera in combination with special color screens interposed within the camera, between the lens and the plate, it becomes a comparatively simple propo- sition now to photograph flowers and trees in such a way that the resulting negative will render the greens, yellows and reds of the object photographed in their true value, showing detail where formerly there was a blank, with tonal values in the high lights which were apt to be too hard. Equipped with the camera lens, tripod, orthochromatic plates and screens just mentioned, the devotee of the garden beautiful may, as the season progresses, secure accurate photographic records of the various plants, flowers, flower- ing bushes, etc., while they develop and mature, with . cae eae so little trouble that the Soru records can be studied with reference to general ef- fects in the color grouping of the flowering portions of the garden, from differ- ent points of view. Besides this, separate special flowers may be pho- tographed for the purpose of illustrating their par- ticular features when in half or full bloom, and may be enlarged from the nega- tive up to their full size when desired, to more fully examine the miniature por- tions. In making time expo- A picture taken from the house sures on low beds of flowers, where it is desired to obtain a view looking directly downward, it is well to have a dupli- cate tripod head made with a supplemental camera base- board hinged to one side, having a screw socket in the baseboard for the purpose of securing the camera bed thereto. It is then only necessary to elevate the hinged baseboard from a horizontal to a vertical position and to secure it there by suitable means, in order to cause the camera to point directly down upon the flower bed below and obtain the photograph. The tripod legs are spaced apart somewhat more than usual to bring the lens nearer the flowers underneath. The closer the lens is brought the larger will be the image on the ground glass. This also requires a somewhat longer camera bellows than usual. Peculiar or artistic groupings of small flowers, in a space three feet square, can in this way be photographed map-like, so to speak. When the lens is so close to the object, the exposure must be a trifle longer, as the lens is at a greater distance from the plate and the light ac- tion on the plate is slower. By using what is called a large stop in the lens the exposure may be shortened. The proper time of ex- posure can be readily cal- culated or ascertained in advance by the use of ex- posure meters or tables which are supplied by photographic supply dealers. One of the annoyances in photographing delicate single flowers in the garden June, 1911 is their liability to move back and forth just as the lens is opened for an exposure. Usually the best time to operate is in the early morning or late in the afternoon, before the wind rises or after it dies down. If one becomes dissatisfied with photographs in monochrome of flowers, and desires to see how they look in the color of nature, we have what is known as the autochrome plate, that pro- duces in one opera- tion a positive on glass, having all the true colors of the original flower or group of flow- ers. They may be made in sizes from lantern size, three and one-quarter by four inches, to five by seven and eight by ten, and be hung in the window as transparencies. SHEICMIELOIS C O-Pil C, natural color flower photographs Oielass are wonderfully interesting. There is also the new Ives Color Process plate, in which three sensitive plates are exposed in a special camera all at one time. From each of these three duplicate negatives, separate positive prints on a transparent film are made, and each film respectively colored or tinted blue, yellow or red, with special dyes. When dried, the color films are superimposed over each other and clamped between two transparent thin glass plates, producing a composite graded colored picture of great brilliancy. One advantage of this process is that any num- ber of duplicate color reproductions can be made from the negative by the manufacturer of the apparatus, when de- sired, or by the photographer himself. Thus we see that by the use of the camera in the garden, not only the form and peculiarities of a given flower may be preserved in monochrome, but also in its true colors as observed by the eye. When these are projected in a lantern on a screen they afford pleasure and interest to the observer. To the botanist the camera is useful in photographing the structure and cross section of plant or flower stalks, which will enable him to arrange the photographs for comparison in groups of different species in any given general class. A glimpse of the garden walk A photograph of peonies in bloom AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 233 They can be photographed when fresh, and thus show more clearly the structure than when the specimens are in a dried condition. When the image on the negative is very small, enlarged positive prints can be made to a uni- form size on any of the usual bromide papers supplied by dealers in photo- graphic materials, which will enable the botanist to easily compare the prints because of their good record. To go a little further in the study of flower structure he can arrange a small microscope on the front of the camera in place of the usual lens and remove the viewing eye-piece, then insert this viewing end of the microscope into the front part of the camera to come opposite the ground glass, at the rear. Now, by placing, say, the center of a flower on the stage of the microscope opposite the lens and properly illuminating the object, and looking at the ground glass of the camera under a dark cloth to cover the head and exclude the exterior light, the magnified image of the pollen dust in the center will be observed on the glass and can be increased to any desired size. The dust globules have different shapes. “ Then the plate is inserted in the camera back and the exposure made. Comparisons of the pollen of different flowers can thus be secured, which will make a valuable record for future preservation. By obtaining photographs of flowers of uniform size the botanist can secure them on the same sheet along side of the dried specimen. This will show their natural appear- ance when growing. The possessor of a kodak camera can obtain fairly good negatives of flowers on the usual kodak film (which is orthochromatic as to certain of the plant colors), by view- ing the flowers or group of flowers through the finder for properly locating the position of the image on the film. In a good light with the aperture of the lens adjusted to f-16 one to three seconds exposure will be sufficient. If the light is weak, as at early morning or near sunset, the ex- posure may be increased possibly to five seconds. Rose bushes are massed against the terrace FTE A bed of rhododendrons 234 ah inn Ai “ } (Zz iy WA Sig 4 ; VM ae x Moat | il a a, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 Ni ities An The Table How To Make Salads By Margaret Sexton SALAD that tastes extremely good and is most attractive can be made in the follow- ing manner and is unique in its appearance. To make it, select medium sized apples that are firm and regular in shape; pare these very carefully and core them; then slice the apples in a cucumber or a potato slicer, which will form the apples into rings; slice only one apple at a time; when this is finished put each slice in place, making the shape of the apple again; place each apple on a leaf or two of lettuce, and at the face of the apple put a border, as it were, of finely cut up celery, making a fringe about the celery of watercress; also place a spray of the watercress in the core of the apples. Have the apples ar- ranged individually, so that each guest may serve oneself to salad conveniently. Have French dressing passed with the salad, so that each person may pour it over the salad to suit the taste. This salad should be made at the very last mo- ment, as the apples, if allowed to remain long after being pared, will turn dark and be most unpleasant looking rather than attractive, and white, as intended. Mayonnaise may be served with this salad as well as the French dressing. This is all a matter of taste. A seasonable salad for spring dinners and a very delicious one, too, is made from a variety of vegetables, those that most people are fond of, except perhaps spring onions; these may be added or left out, according to the taste. Boil and allow to become perfectly cool a bunch of fresh asparagus; cut it up, saving only the real soft part. Slice thin, two medium sized cucumbers and place on ice; also slice three or four medium sized tomatoes; these also should be put on the ice. Just before serving, mix all three vegetables to- gether, with the addition of the onions if desired. Put the salad on fresh crisp lettuce leaves and over it spread a generous quantity of mayonnaise dressing. It should be borne in mind that the vegetables must not be combined until the very last moment, as they are of a rather watery nature, which would have a tendency to make the salad unpleasantly wet. This condition does not exist at all if well done. There is no salad which makes a prettier appearance (and which is really very tasty) than tomato jelly. Added to these two virtues it is most easily and quickly made and is very inexpensive. A quart can of tomatoes will make suf- ficient jelly to serve individual salads for nine or ten people, and each portion be a generous one. ‘To prepare the Jelly put the tomatoes from a quart can on to boil in a granite pan and put all the seasoning in at the same time. This comprises half a medium sized onion, eight whole cloves, the same number of whole allspice, two bay leaves, two tea- spoonfuls of sugar, one of salt, and a dash of pepper. Allow this to cook a sufficient length of time, so that the tomato can be easily rubbed through a fine sieve. Use only a granite or wooden spoon when stirring tomatoes, as a tin one gives the fruit an unpleasant taste, due to the action of the acid of the tomato on the tin. When the tomato is strained, put it in a quart measure, adding water until you have three half pints of liquid. Dissolve one package of Minute or Instantaneous Gelatine in half a pint of boiling water before you put the tomatoes on to boil. When you are quite sure that the gelatine is completely melted add it to the tomatoes, stirring them well together. You will then have a quart of liquid which is ready to be put in molds or jelly glasses, Apple salad arranged in a large dish Individual apple salad June, 1911 selecting those of a size and wetting them with cold water be- fore putting in the jelly. This helps to bring the jelly whole from the mold. In two hours you have fine, tender, firm jelly. Serve individually or on a large dish, placing each form of jelly on a lettuce leaf. A teaspoonful of mayon- naise dressing on each form of jelly not only gives a pretty color, but is necessary as well. Garnish with watercress be- side the lettuce, as the two greens make a very pretty com- bination of color. This salad makes a nice refreshment for Tomato salad arranged in a large dish an informal evening after playing cards. With crackers, cheese balls, and a glass of ale, it is quite a tempting little viand. A good thing to have on hand in your refrigerator is a head of lettuce. When an unexpected guest arrives there is no end of changes that can be wrung on that same head of lettuce, if one has a little ingenuity, and in so doing you can save the reputation of the meal, even if somewhat unpre- possessing at first, by serving an appetizing salad, the ex- pense of which is almost nothing. Select the tender leaves, wash and drain them and then lay on the ice in a dampened napkin, so that they may become fresh and crisp. Cut bacon into thin strips across each of its slices and put into a frying pan and fry until brittle and brown, but not burned. Stir the bacon constantly with a fork while frying, and when done drain off all the grease and set the bacon away to cool. When preparing the salad sprinkle the scraps of bacon over the lettuce. Cut up olives stuffed with pimentoes and put these also on the lettuce. Pour over it all a rich French AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 235 dressing or have the dressing passed in a bow] or pitcher, for each person to use or not as desired. Although simple, this is an exceedingly nice salad. Cucumber jelly is delicious'to serve as a salad with lettuce and mayonnaise. The cucumber should be pared and scraped very fine on a perfectly clean grater. Grate suf- ficient pulp to fill two teacups. You will probably need four medium sized cucumbers to accomplish this. Season the pulp with salt and pepper to taste; add also the juice of one Individual tomato salad lemon. To three-quarters of an ounce of gelatine add a half cup of boiling water, and when this is thoroughly dissolved stir it into the cucumber pulp, being sure that it is well mixed together. The jelly should be served very cold. It is nice, if convenient, to make the jelly in individual forms. Use jelly glasses. Rinse them out with cold water before using them; it will help to make the forms come out more easily. Make each glass about two-thirds full. The latest salad is grape fruit and tomato. The latter must be thoroughly ripe, but very firm. Cut both tomatoes and grape fruit in very small pieces. Put each in a separate bowl and place on the ice until they are thoroughly chilled. Just before serving the grape fruit and the tomatoes they should be tossed lightly together. ‘Then put into the salad bowl, which has been lined previously with fresh lettuce leaves. When the fruit and the tomatoes have been placed on the lettuce leaves pour over them either French dressing or mayonnaise. The latter will probably be preferred on a test of their merits. Frozen Fruit HE chemical changes produced in fruit by ) freezing and thawing have been investi- gated by Otto and Kooper. For example, analyses were made of ripe sloes and of the same fruit which had been kept 4 days after 5 hours exposure to a temperature of 23 to 25 deg. F. The loss of weight, chiefly water, was found to be 13.6 per cent. The pro- portion of acids decreased from 9.18 to 6.57 per cent., and the tannin from 9.45 to 6.82 per cent., while the propor- tion of sugar increased from 30.48 to 31.75 per cent., and part of the glucose was converted into the sweeter fructose, or fruit sugar. [he decrease in tannin is prob- ably due to oxidation, by which the tannin is converted into red and brown substances, designated as “‘pholobaptenes.”’ The fruit lost much of its astringency and acquired an agreeable subacid flavor. In medlars which had been frozen and kept 8 days after thawing the sugar decreased from 41.13 to 37.37 per cent. the acids from 4.36 to 3.50 per cent., and the nitrogen from 3.08 to 2.68 per cent. In Japanese quinces, kept 18 days after freezing and thawing, the sugar decreased from 16.91 to 7.60 per cent., the acids from 24.11 to 12.71 per cent., and the tannin from 3.82 to 1.84 per cent. 236 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 Dark Blue Staffordshire HISTORICAL CHINA DEPICTING AMERICAN SCENES So Tn By Alexander M. Hudnut ST SUGGESTIONS TO INEXPERIENCED COLLECTORS 4 a HE name “Historical China” is used to desig- own. Take for example the ‘‘Nahant, Near Boston” plate. nate those pieces of blue Staffordshire pot- This is a view of a hotel which was built about 1820. It tery which are decorated with American — seems to have been a sort of roadhouse and watering resort. views. It applies also to the English views, There are three varieties of this plate, which are reproduced but is rarely used in this connection. in the accompanying illustration. The two rarest are the Just why some pieces should be rare and two with the oak leaf and acorn borders. The plate with others common is impossible to explain. the tree on it is very rare, especially when in fine condition. One might suppose that Most of the large col- platters would always lections have it, but it is be rarer than plates dificult to find and is because of the propor- easily worth $150. The tion of plates to plat- ters in a regulation din- ner set. But there is no such rule. Many of the rarest and _ best known pieces are in the form, of plates. It sometimes happens that a collector who posses- ses a unique specimen finds that several dupli- cates of his prize have been discovered in some old packing box or bar- rel. The future may have in store many dis- appointments of this kind for collectors of blue ware,and yet there is an equally good chance that some of these old hidden-away packing boxes may bring to light views and varieties of historical china which are now unknown. he Amer- ican scenes which ap- pear on this china are in many cases puzzling to collectors for the reason that there is no complete list giving every known variety. There is only one way of getting a complete list and that is by becoming familiar with all of the best known collections and writing down the names of every piece needed in one’s A group of American views Nahant plate with the acorn border and with- out the tree is very nearly as rare as ime one with the tree, but it probably would not command so high a price. The plate with the eagle border is not rare and usually sells tor about $25. The British potters never allowed national pride or patriotism to stand in the way of commercial instincts. As they were manufac- turing china for the American market they selected views which they thought would please Americans. This will account for a rep- resentation of the Battle of Bunker Hill which is found on a_ small platter, also in the bot- tom of a large soup tureen and on the tray which goes with it. This tray has eight round perforations in the upper and lower margins which are sup- posed by some to represent bullet holes. I have seen this same picture in a vegetable dish. mands a high price in whatever form it appears. ‘The little It is a rare view and com- June, 1911 platter is the hardest to find and is usually among the last dozen to come into a collection. The platter shown in the illustration called “Junction of the Sacondaga and Hudson Riv- ers’ is one of the most difficult of all American views to obtain. This scene is copied from a pemt by W..G. Wall. I only know of the existence of four of these plat- ters and it would be hard to estimate on their value. Should the piece ever ap- pear at a public auc- tion and should col- Three varieties of plates: lectors get bidding against each other for it, it might run up to a very high price. Another platter illustrated in this article, and in the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 237] not have this ‘Brooklyn Ferry’ platter and said he would highly appreciate it if I would let him know if I ever came across one which was for sale. Considering the excellence of V4 AAT Ze rips Fave, 45 iy ey “Nahant, near Boston” Mr. Tompkins’ col- lection and the length of time he had been collecting this is significant, and throws much light upon the rarity of this platter, which he had never been able to secure. The next four il- lustrations show two views of Mount Vernon and two views of the Capitol at Washington. The following quo- tation relative to the residence of our first President may be of interest: ““The Mount Vernon mansion was built by George Washington’s brother, Lawrence, who settled there Soup tureen: ““Pennsylvania Hospital,’ on sides; ‘““Boston Almshouse,”’ Inside of tureen: “Battle of Bunker Hil!”’ on cover finding of which all collectors have experienced great trouble, is “The Esplanade and Castle Garden’’ platter. in 1743 and named the estate in honor of Admiral Vernon, under whommneehacdaserved) = ~ ~ ~*~ lin 1858 the It is not so difficult to ob- tain as the piece just de- scribed, but it is one of the rarest of the American views. I have known col- lectors who paid as high as $500 for it. While this platter comes in sev- eral shades of blue, it is one of the pieces which ex- emplifies the very finest shade and quality of blue used by the Staffordshire potters, which, in this ex- tremely fine color, is worth more than one in the ordin- ary shade of blue. Another unusual and very rare piece is the small “Brooklyn Ferry” platter with the ivy leaf border. Some of the best existing collections are without this piece. 5) 5 + %, > ‘Ss fe Ea ge dade bie Wee eee ee Shh dd #90 vey ER . owe eee? ae en ’ Pe x ot oe ~, a hs ONO 00 ome wpe nwa name ee Oe Tee oi, ee mike 2? “Battle of Bunker Hill’’ platter I remember distinctly a letter I received from the late Eugene Tompkins, of Boston, in which he asked me if I would bear in mind that he did mansion and two hundred acres were sold for two hundred thousand dollars to the Ladies’ Mount Ver- non Association.” ‘This little plate and vegetable dish showing the view of Mount Vernon are not very hard to find and have not any unusual commercial value. Two views of the Capitol building at Wash- ington appear in the illu- strations. The old Capitol building was burned by the British in 1814 and the sub- sequent Capitol building which took its place is shown in the accompanying view. The artists sent over here by the English potters to make sketches, coming as they did about 1818 to 1820, could not have sketched the old Capitol building while it was standing. We there- fore infer that they obtained this picture from a con- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 “Junction of the Sacondaga and Hudson Rivers’’ platter temporary print or from some drawing or painting of the old Capitol building which existed at the time. These plates showing the Capitol view are not very rare or valuable, but they are of much interest. In a majority of cases the name of the picture on a plate along with that of the potter who made it is stamped in blue lettering on the back. ‘The employees in these Eng- lish potteries had probably never been in America and all the views were unfamiliar to them. It was undoubtedly due to this fact that many errors in marking plates occurred. Frequently we find the wrong name on the back of a plate. Some friends of mine have the little plate of the ‘Old Capitol Building at Washington” and the name on the back of it is: ‘“‘Mount Vernon, seat of the Government of the United States.’’ I have seen a “Battle of Bunker Hill” platter which was marked ‘Fort Gansevoort.” The “Governors Island” ten-inch soup plate is a unique specimen. It is one of the most beautiful, besides being one of the rarest of American views. Its color is the best blue known. I know of the existence of five of these plates. Should others be discovered the value will decline in pro- portion to the number found. At present $500 about ex- presses the market value of this piece. Our next illustration shows a washbowl in the bottom of which is the “Arms of Maryland.” The Arms of twelve of the thirteen original States appear on this blue china. (The Arms of New Hampshire are missing). 4% Mp, ee a Bee ote -reveegneseneqcogteet™ “Brooklyn Ferry”’ platter “Esplanade and Castle Garden’’ platter Of these twelve Arms pieces the three plates which re- produce the Arms of New York, Rhode Island and South Carolina are not rare. They are worth about $30 each. The Arms of Massachusetts come on a small vegetable dish. It is moderately scarce and is worth about $75. All the other Arms pieces are rare: Pennsylvania, Connecti- cut, Maryland, North Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia and New Jersey. If one could buy these eight pieces for $2,500 he would be fortunate. Pennsylvania is probably the hardest one to find. The others are equally rare. I do not know of any collection which has them all. Views of the New York churches are not easy to get in old blue. Only one or two of the best collections have the ten-inch soup plate, “Church and Buildings Adjoining Miutraye street. IN. Yeu It ranks with the “Governors Island”’ plate in rarity and value and is just a shade harder to find. The little seven- inch dish “Dr. Mason’s Church” is the same building which appears on the ten-inch soup plate just mentioned. It is not nearly so rare, but in good condition brings about $150. Next in importance to the “Church and Buildings Ad- joining Murray Street” is the little six-and-one-half-inch “‘St. Paul’s Chapel” plate with a medallion of Washington on the upper margin and the Erie Canal view at the bottom. I only know of one collection which has it, but I am not sure that there is not another one somewhere. It is safe to Washington vegetable dish: ‘“Mount Vernon’ June, rgtt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 239 “Old Capitol Washington,”’ destroyed by the “Capitol at Washington,” rebuilt after 1814 ““Mount Vernon, country seat of Gen. British in 1814 George Washington’”’ place it in the group of very rare plates. Without the not so many active collectors of historical blue ware as there medallion and Erie Canal view ‘‘St. Paul’s Chapel” is still a used to be. An overcharge is not dangerous in the case of hard plate to find and great rarities. In _ such worth about $150. It sold cases the asking price is several years ago at an auc- usually fixed by the owner tion sale for $210, but and the dealer merely acts since that time a few extra as a broker or agent. The ones have been found and collector accepts or refuses. the price has declined. Sometimes he makes a “St. Patrick’s Cathedral, lower bid. I beg to remind Mott “Street, N. Yi,” ap- you, however, that dicker- pears on a six-and-one- ing for such a piece is risky half-inch plate, also on the if you really want it. The sides of a small gravy matter of overcharging oc- pitcher. This view is a curs among the lower or very rare one. About ten middle grade of plates and years ago it was considered with inexperienced col- one of the scarcest of all lectors. An unscrupulous blue plates. Constant and dealer could easily get continuous searching has $50 for a plate worth brought to light about half $15 or $20 if the buyer madoven jor them. If a happened to be a credulous collector is without it and beginner. I have before one turns up for sale my me a list of thirty or more advice to him would be to very rare views which buy it. It is never wise I must pass by without to encourage a dealer in even a mention. It has asking extortionate prices been stated that interest- and if you think he is over- ing items of American charging you just refuse to ‘Governors Island’’ soup plate history are sometimes sug- deal with him. Never take gested by the views on this step, however, unless you do it intelligently. It would these old plates, and because of this the name “historical be well for dealers to keep in mind the fact that there are china” has clung to this ware. A few examples will illus- Wash bowl: “Arms of Maryland” “Church and buildings in Murray Street’ “Dr. Mason’s church in Murray Street’’ 240 trate it. Ona small saucer is a picture of the ‘‘Chancellor Livingston” steamboat—a small side-wheel vessel which undoubtedly resembled closely the “Clermont,” which Rob- ert Fulton invented in 1807 and which made regular trips between New York and Albany. Chancellor Livingston was the financial backer of Robert Fulton. ‘The Livingston family in those early days controlled all the steamboats ply- ing up and down the Hudson River. ‘Thomas Gibbons, Grandfather of Mrs. Ward McAllister, tried to establish a competing line of boats, and a long litigation ensued. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 stitutional Governor. On May 30, 1908, the body of Governor Clinton was removed from the National Capitol and buried in Kingston, New York, the ancient capitol of the Empire State. The credit for promoting and carrying through the construction of that great waterway which connects Lake Erie with the Hudson River—a distance of 363 miles—belongs to Governor De Witt Clinton more than to any other one man, and the whole story, which would make volumes of interesting history, is suggested by the crude pictures which the Staffordshire potters have given us. “St. Patrick’s Cathedral,’ Mott Street St. Paul’s Chapel,’’ Medallion of Washington at “St. Paul’s Chapel”’ in lower Broadway top; Erie Canal at Little Falls at bottom Daniel Webster represented Thomas Gibbons and was suc- cessful in the final appeal before Chief Justice Marshall.” Thomas Gibbons then started a line of steamboats on the Hudson and Cornelius Vanderbilt was his com- manders and his ““Commodore.”’ The picture on the saucer brings to mind another important historical event. In the gallery of old Federal Hall, which stood at the head of Broad Street fronting on Wall, where the United States Sub-Treasury now stands, on April 30, 1789, General Washington was inaugurated first president of the United States. Chancellor Livingston administered the oath of ofice to the president. The country seat of Chancellor Livingston was called ‘‘Clermont”’ and this is the origin of the name of our first steamboat. The building of the Erie Canal and the important part which Major General George Clinton took in that great enterprise are recorded on this old blue china. Three views along the canal are shown and there are two inscription plates eulogizing Governor Clinton—New York’s first Con- one of Many other plates are equally rich in historical sugges- tion. Almost every kind of collecting has an insidious charm. One possessed of ample means can buy libraries of rare books and choice works of art in unlimited quantities. High bids will often secure the masterpieces of Rembrandt, Hals and other great masters of painting from the galleries of Europe. But the rarities of old blue Staffordshire are un- procurable. They are not in the market and cannot be bought. In conclusion a word of advice to new collectors: Never buy a cracked or broken plate unless it be one of the greatest rarities. Avoid plates which are a bad color— particularly the purplish blue. A poor blue plate is only worth one-half as much as the same plate in a rich dark blue color. A chipped or cracked piece, or one where the glaze is badly scratched by knife marks, is not worth having in a collection. Aim to have only proof specimens and never deviate from the rule unless the piece offered be of such rarity that a slight blemish could be overlooked. June, 1911 Beauty and Comfort Combined With the Honest Skill of Sweden is Yours if You Use Ericsson Venetian Blinds MADE IN SWEDEN Let us tell you how to f autify your windows and add to the comfort of your home in our “Blind Book for People Who Can See” and appreciate art and luxury in house equipment. We'll prove the Ericsson lasts longer, is rigid in position, more inexpensive than you think, light, strong, occupies small space and is removed like a roller shade. Write for the * ‘BLIND BOOK”? today—NOW. It’s free to “PEOPLE WHO CAN SEE.”’ Ask for Booklet D. SWEDISH VENETIAN BLIND CO.,1123 Broadway, New York, N.Y. @ Artistic Hardware and Locks for residence or public building. Many SARGENT 3 patterns. Catalogueon request Hardware Sargent & Co., *3sueorzrast MORGAN DOORS The standard of door quality. Strong, Lig ht, never warp, crack or shrink. Write for fine catalog of interiors. MORGAN CO. Dept. A -Oshkosh, Wis. ACBETH makes over three thousand styles of Electric Light Shades and Globes, and a Lamp Chimney for every size burner. Cata- logue free. Address MACBETH, Pittsburgh FRANCIS HOWARD New Studios 5 W. 28th St., N. Y. EXPERT Send 10 cents for Booklet FONTS VASES BENCHES PEDESTALS Can be Used in _ House and For flowers and vegetables. Used as a spray. Get it from your dealer or write for par- ticulars to ‘Ate Manufacturing Company, Madison, N.J. OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS RUSTIC WORK New Catalog of many designs on request North Shore Ferneries Company, Beverly, Massachusetts AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS THE BORDER GARDEN By ANNIE H. QUILL F you have moved to a new location this spring and if in the yard there are any tumble-down sheds or fences that are an eyesore, they can be hidden by a border garden. To do this will mean some work, but it will also mean a quantity of fresh vegetables all summer. Clean up and burn all the rubbish, and spade up a border all along the sheds or fences that will get the sun for even a short time. I would use a fertilizer; only a little will be needed, and it can be bought in small quantities. Nearest to the walls or fences I would plant the Dutch Case Knife pole beans; these I know to be a fine snap bean, and if you should have more than you need green, the balance can be dried and are excellent baked. They are exceedingly productive, and so very long that only a few pods will be needed for a meal. These should be planted about a foot apart, and three or four beans in a group or hill. It will make a difference of two or three days in their growth if they are soaked for an hour or two before planting. When they are well above the ground, pegs can be driven into the ground and a string tied to the peg, and the other end of the string fastened to a nail in the fence or wall. The beans should be planted as near as possible to the fence, and about eighteen inches from the beans, all along the edge of the strip, beets and lettuce may be planted. These should be thinned out and transplanted, first about two inches apart, and later thinned out again to four inches apart; the second thin- ning of the beets will make nice greens and the tender lettuce is delicious, even though too small for salads. I find that fine cucumbers can be raised by taking a length of poultry netting (if you keep poultry, they can be planted out- side the hen yard fence), and fastening it to stakes driven in the ground and planting: seed of the Japanese climbing cucumber along this wire just as you would plant sweet peas. When the plants are up and the real cucumber leaf forms, thin them out until they are a foot apart. They will need a little training until they catch the wire, after that they will take care of themselves and bear wonderfully. They are finely flavored, firm and crisp. Cucumbers need a good deal of moisture at the roots and should have a good soaking every night if possible, but it is a great help to put the fresh grass cut from the lawn about the roots and leave it there, it will keep the moisture about the roots even after the grass has dried. Nearly anyone can have such a garden, even in a tiny city yard. HOW DESERTS ARE FORMED HERE is a popular idea that des- erts like the Sahara are the bot- toms of ancient seas which have been lifted above their original elevation by geological forces. This notion is an erroneous one. It is absolutely certain, high authorities contend, that the sands of all the great deserts have been formed on the spot by the distintegration of the solid rocks on which they rest. Desert sands correspond in all respects, so far as their mode of origin is concerned, to the dust and sand that accumulates on our high roads in summer. All deserts are situated where the winds from the ocean, before reaching them, are exhausted of their moisture by passing over mountains or across extensive tracts of land, Imported Dutch BULBS FREE This FreeOffer to July1,1911 As an extra inducement to order your Bulbs early and to avoid being rushed later in the season, we will || | give FREE to the first 1000 people | sending orders for $5.00 or more, 100 Beautiful Assorted Narcissus Bulbs, suitable for naturalizing or bedding. These are all hardy, Imported Dutch Bulbs, This offer is good until July 1, only. Order early or you may be disappointed. We are Specialists | in Dutch Bulbs and import direct fromimmense stock in Holland, controlled exclusively by us. | We therefore sell you these Superior Imported Bulbs as low as wholesale prices on ordinary | | American stock. We import to order only — so do not wait until Fall to purchase stock. Send today for our Import Price List and save 207, to W% on your order. Write at once as you may not see this offer again. A. S. DREYER COMPANY Bulb Importers 482 Judd Street, WOODSTOCK, ILL. ee core aE a ee eee | BOOK will be recom- mended and sup- plied by our well RELATING TO equipped Book Architecture Department. Becoration MUNN & CO. Furniture Rugs 361 Broadway Ceramics, ete. NEW YORK Deadly Pills Kill Dandelions and all other weeds. Puts them permanently out of business. No backache. 500 Pills and ‘‘Jab- stick’? prepaid $1.00. Money back if you are not satisfied. WILLIAM A. SPINKS & CO. 362 West Erie Street Chicago Beautify Lawn or Terrace by sowing the Libeaatlal A L A K A Lawn Producer ' Comes up anywhere, all it needs is soil and moisture. Seed and fertilizer scientifically mixed to produce marvelous results. Hundreds praise its great efficiency. Cheaper. it goes further than common seed. Ask for FREE Booklet, ‘“‘How to Make a Lawn.” The Kalaka Co., 8?8,Exchanse Ave» — Chicago, Ill. SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. 44 00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of 0 Missouri River—Cash with order. Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. ™ Shetland Ponies An unceasing source of pleasure and ro- bust health to children. Safe and ideal a playmates. Inexpensive to keep. > Highest type. Complete out- fits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue. BELLE MEADE FARM \» Dept. W. Markham, Va. HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear the script name of : Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get ‘ Improved,” no tacks required. Wood Roilers Tin Rollers XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS June, 1911 The Schilling Press Printers——— BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25ih ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" Don’t cut it—save time. The UNIQUE HEDGE TRIMMER mows a 13- inch swath easily,evenly and quickly. Fivedays’ = work in one day’s time “ Hedge contractors quad- tuple their wages and =~ profits. Nolost motion, every movement counts. Every man can trim his own hedge in one-fifth of the time. Workmanship and material indefinitely guaranteed. If not satisfactory after one week's trial can be returned and money re- funded. Sent prepaid on receipt of $500. Refer to any bank in Philadelphia. [Write for booklet. Fountain Cutlery Co., 938,Filbert, Street MOW YOUR HEDGE 4 Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance Gates of all designs and for all purposes. Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished. and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate Fj Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni- ture—Stable Fittings. F. E. CARPENTER CO., 253 Broadway " New York City Bristol’s Recording Thermometers Continuously and automatically record indoor and outdoor atmos- pheric temperatures. Useful and ornamental for cuvuntry homes. Write for illustrated Bulletin No. 124 and No. 125. THE BRISTOL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut Japanese Garden Constructor I willmake you a quaint Japanese Garden to beautify your estate at small cost. T. R. OTSUKA 414S. Michigan Ave., Chicago The Luden Glass DomePneumatic Cleaner | Thorough, Durable, Reliable You can see it breathing in dirt through its Glass Dome The Price is Fifteen Dollars Write us for Illustrated Circular and Address of nearest dealer Luden Pneumatic Cleaner 423A Buttonwood St., Reading, Pa. MEHLERS \ ae @ Operated in a comfortable stand- ing position. ultivates on three sides at onestroke. Send for descrip- tive circular. Sent by express pre- paid for $1.00. Mehler Garden Tool Co., Ambler, Pa. Hoe, Rake, Weeder and Culti-ator in One GARDEN NOTES will be published in this department. ROSE GARDENS By CHARLES DOWNING LAY ROSE GARDEN now holds much more delight than a rose garden twenty years ago, because our roses are now much better and their va- riety is greater. The old rose garden was a place set aside for growing the finicky and, at most seasons, unlovely hybrid perpetuals, and its object was not only to give the roses a place where soil and situation were the best, but also to keep them out of the flower garden, where they were in com- petition with other flowers when in bloom and where their own presence was unde- sirable after they had bloomed. A rose garden now, however, should look well at any season, and should be full of roses from June to October. The formal rose garden should be en- closed by a lattice fence or by a pergola on which to grow climbing roses. If it is a lattice fence, let the strips of wood in the lattice work be stout, say, 3@xe inches, and let them be set not closer than 5 inches for the vertical slats and 8 inches for the upright ones. This gives about the minimum space for weaving the roses in and out as they grow. This is far the prettiest way of growing them. It is much better than tying to a wire. The fence should be high; 8 feet would be good, but better, 10. The climbing roses are perhaps the most notable recent addition to the rose family. They are in every shade, from the crimson rambler to the pure white Wichuraiana. The following are good varieties: Dorothy Perkins, Lady Gay, Daybreak, Wedding Bells, Hiawatha, Flower of Fairfield, Tausandscho, South Orange Perfection, Gardenia, Debutante, Minnie Dawson, W. C. Egan and Dawson. All are perfectly hardy without protection. Other climbing roses are Climbing Clo- tilde Soupert, Climbing Belle Seibrecht, Devoniensis, and many others having tea blood and being, therefore, slightly tender. As a border inside the trellis I should like to have many of the best species of roses. Multiflora for its pure white flower and delicious fragranec; setigera for its late pink bloom and graceful stem ; rugosa for its brilliant color, and rugosa alba for its delicate whiteness. The Lord Penzance hybrids of the sweetbriar would have a larger space. They are won- derful in color, and no fragrance is so sweet. With these could be planted some of the old-fashioned roses, among them the damask rose, the moss roses, the cin- namon rose, Harrison’s yellow and Per- sian yellow, and, of course, Mme. Plan- tier. This would be the place too for the hy- brids of rugosa and, if the garden is a large one, for all the beautiful native roses which prolong the season of bloom and are beautiful flowers. The white va- (Continued on page xx) This department is conducted by an experienced and practical landscape architect, who extends an invitation to the readers of 5 sO AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS to send to the Garden Editor inquiries on any matter pertaining to garden and the home grounds. Letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit the developing of the WATERCRESS: ITS CULTURE AND USES By] ELMA IONA LOCKE N° farm, or home grounds, with a spring or running stream should be without the piquant water- cress. Wherever there is a perpetual water- course, it will grow. It may be grown either from seeds or from roots or cut- tings. The places best adapted for rais- ing it are gently flowing brooks or quiet, shallow waters, supplied by springs, and of a depth of from one and one-half to four or five inches. The cresses will not reach their best estate in sluggish water. A gravelly or chalky bottom is the most favorable and if only a muddy bottomed stream is available, the mud may be re- moved and gravel substituted. If growing plants are not available for a start by roots or cuttings, the seeds may be obtained from any large seed house, and may be started in the house in early spring, in shallow boxes of moist earth. When large enough to handle, the young plants are then transplanted to the borders of the stream, and set about one foot apart in rows, eighteen inches or more between the rows. In a few weeks the growth should be sufficient to allow of cutting for use, and the gathering should always be done by cutting, never by pulling or breaking, as that destroys the roots. With a good set of plants and in a favorable situation, cutting may be done as often as once a week. The beds should be cleaned twice a year, doing but a small section at a time, the roots lifted, divided, and replanted, to assure a perpetual supply. All weeds, mud and rubbish should be cleaned away, and in replanting, the youngest and best roots selected and returned to the bed, where each may be retained in its proper place by a stone placed upon it. Through May and June the first re- plantings may be made, assuring a sup- ply for August salads, and the second cleaning, during September, October and November, in preparation for the spring supply. In summer, the cutting should be very close. After three or four cuttings, the plants begin to grow stocky, and there- after may be cut freely and often. If grown for market, and there is al- ways a good demand for it, the fresh, tender sprigs should be cut about four inches from the top and tied in bunches about as large as can be conveniently grasped by the hand, the stems even, like bunches of asparagus, and all tough or wilted sprigs rejected. The gather- ing and marketing should be done in the early morning, to insure delivery while fresh and crisp. A southern woman describes how pin money was made from watercress, even where a stream or spring was not avail- able, as it was in the city. The seeds were planted in a flower pot, in soil well mixed with sand and gravel; a paper June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV fitted over the top of the pot kept the soil moist. When the plants were large enough, they were transplanted to tubs and old barrels, filled also with soil, sand and gravel, no fertilizer being required. Kept constantly moist, the cress was ready to be picked in three weeks, and weekly thereafter. Where there is no opportunity for growing the watercress, the upland cress, or the garden cress may be grown in any garden, and afford a fair substitute, as they resemble the watercress in form and flavor. Also in winter, when the watercress is not in season in the north, the other cresses may be grown in pots or boxes in window or greenhouse. The seeds should be sown in small quantities and often, to assure a constant supply for daily use. The cresses, it is claimed, contain very valuable medicinal qualities; they are a very wholesome ad- dition to the menu, and should be used freely by all. They are usually employed only in salads, but may be used in other ways. Cress vinegar, for flavoring salads, sauces, etc., is made by bruising in a mor- tar one-half ounce of garden cress seed, and letting it stand for two weeks in a quart of cold, boiled vinegar; then strain and bottle for use. The watercress makes one of the most wholesome of salads, and may be used alone or mixed with cucumbers, tomatoes or cther vegetables. Cold boiled beets, cut in dice and mixed with the cress and served with French dressing, makes a nice salad. Watercress chopped makes a delicious flavor for sandwiches, either alone or mixed with other filling for flavoring. The cress is sometimes cooked and served like spinach, and is also stewed and seasoned with salt, pepper and but- ter, with a trifle of flour added for the thickening. A tasty dish is rice and cress. Boil until tender one cupful of rice in salted water; drain, and let steam for five min- utes. Meantime wash, dry and break two bunches of watercress; fry it until crisp in a tablespoonful of butter. Then ar- range the rice in a deep dish in alternate layers with the cress, having rice at top and bottom. Scatter grated cheese over the top. PLANTS THAT LIKE COLD ‘es affects the inhabitants of the sea just as it does those of the land. As Arctic land-plants can- not flourish at the equator, so in the Arc- tic and Antarctic oceans marine plants are found that are unable to survive in warm water. Among the most remarkable of these cold-water plants are the laminariacee, a kind of sea-weed, which sometimes at- tains a gigantic size, exceeding in length the longest climbing-plants of the trop- ical forests, and developing huge stems like the trunks of trees. Investigation has shown that these plants flourish in the coldest waters of the polar seas, and that they never ad- vance farther from their frigid homes than to the limits of “summer tempera- ture” in the ocean. The genial warmth destroys them, just as a polar blast shrivels the flowers of a tropical garden. Evergreens for Screens— Hicks Will Move Nearby Ones or Send ThemFrom His Nursery. This screen of Hick’s cedars effectually blots out the neighboring buildings and gives an all-year-round mass of restful, pleasing green F you have a big tree that’s too close to the house, don’t destroy its beauty by haggling off the limbs—let us move it back for you. By the same token, don’t you want some of your big trees moved nearer the house? Or isn't there an unattractive outlook you want shut off from view at once? One or two big trees or a group of small ones will do this quickly and effectually. If there are any trees in your own vicinity that will answer the purpose we will move them for you or send trees direct from the nursery. Big ones—little ones—all sizes. Doing i it this way—Hick’ Ss Way — you get immediate results and at once add to the actual market value of your property, far in excess of the cost of the trees to you. This has been demonstrated over and over again in recent property sales. Big trees are an investment, not an expense or luxury. It takes at least 25 years to grow a fair-sized tree. icks can move one to your place in as many hours. And furthermore, you don’t need to hesitate for fear big trees will not live when moved. We successfully solved that problem years ago. By actual record we lose but one per cent of the thousands of trees we move each year. Write us or come and see us and our wzusual nursery. Pick out your trees and look at our Rhododendrons. They are in bloom now. No finer varieties and specimens to be found anywhere. They can be moved when in bloom. All Hick’s Rhododendrons are guaranteed to be absolutely hardy. ISAAC HICKS & SON, westsury, L.1. BEAUTIFY Your Garden Lawn Fountains, Drinking Fountains, Vases, Statu- ary, Chairs, Tables, Trellis, Gypsy Pots, Omaments, Chimes and Musical Gardens Let us tell you about our latest production A Rose Bush Spray Fountain Exceedingly Beautiful and Attractive. The gentle zephyrs playing on the roses produce a ringing sound of ethereal sweetness and pronounced variety of tone. Send at once for beautifully illustrated book Call at our Show Room when in New York AMERICAN GARDEN BEAUTIFYING CO., R30 hourt ye: New York, N. Y. Invented by A. S. tees Patented March 8, 1910 Patented March 8, 1910 Structural& Ornamental Steel a FLOORESIDEWALK LIGHTS. Senp 6? CATALOGUES F lO) ere Te) a, IN © X. BOYLSTON AND EXETER STS. iS Gy S73) IN’ @ Two hundred and fifty attractively furnished rooms, practically every one of them directly connected with private bath. Here will be found the finest cuisine in New England. One block from the Huntington Avenue Station of the Boston & Albany Railroad; three blocks from the Back Bay Station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Under same management as Hotel Nassau, Long Beach, L. J., and Hotel Taft, New Haven, Conn. (now under construction. ) = AMERICAN HOMES AND ottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to represent- ing all grades ci cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given cever- ing nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. INo: Ie Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 63 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. INo./3)) Modern Dyyellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together wath extracts from the specifications. Illus- trated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- tions and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. One Dollar Each, Postpaid GSOLD SEPARATELY) MUNN & CO. Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York GARDENS June, 1911 HELPS FOR THE HOUSEWIFE If the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desire any information concerning the subjects treated under this department, write to the Household Editor and receive such assistance as may be desired. A\ll lette:s accompanied by return postage will be answered by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this department. Preserves That Are “‘Sightly”’ “Delectable Sweets and Sours” from Famous Colonial Recipes By PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS OLONIAL housewives took special pride in their ability as hostesses to set forth delicious preserves that were both “tasty” and “sightly.” Too frequently the modern hostess must be content to serve her sweets with the fruit so mashed and broken that the conserve resembles marmalade rather than pre- served fruit. Keeping the fruit whole and “sightly,” in the clear, firm, jellied syrup, and yet having it tender, is coming to be a lost art among careless house- wives. Even for those who have among their most treasured possessions genuine colonial recipe books telling, in delicate tracery of old-fashioned handwriting, the secrets of success in preparing delec- table “sweets and sours,’ considerable common-sense reasoning and a careful study of the nature of the fruit to be pre- served will be necessary. PRESERVING RIPE BERRIES When raspberries, strawberries or any of the small, juicy, ripe berries are put directly into syrup, and cooked suff- ciently to form preserves, the result is far from sightly. To preserve the fruit in comparatively whole, and in attractive form, make a hot syrup by adding a little water to the sugar—that has been meas- ured pound for pound to preserve the fruit—and as the syrup boils skim it care- fully, until the syrup is clear. Then add the berries and cook slowly until thoroughly cooked through and_ tender. Small fruits are dropped directly into the boiling syrup, and when done are care- fully skimmed out to avoid breaking. The syrup is then boiled down to the right consistency for preserves and poured over the fruit, or the fruit is carefully added to the thick syrup; and when the whole is boiling hot it is quickly sealed in glass jars. When cooked down to a thick, heavy preserve, these sweets can be kept in glasses, or small jars, the same as jelly; with only a covering of paraffin over the top, before slipping on the tin cap or paper cover. But sealing in air-tight jars is better for the “sightly”’ preserves, where the fruit is retained as whole as possible in the thick amber syrup. Do not put away the sealed jars until cold. Give an extra screw to the cover, and wrap in manila paper before setting them away in the preserve closet. CHERRY PRESERVES Ripe, sour cherries make the most de- licious preserves of any of the small fruits; but there is also a “little trick” in keeping them at their best in form and taste. After carefully stoning the cher- ries, keeping their form apparently whole and unbroken, allow an equal weight of sugar. Sprinkle the sugar over the fruit and let it stand about an hour before cooking. Drain off the juice and boil it slowly about fifteen minutes, skimming until it 1s perrectly clear; then add” the cherries and cook slowly until they are tender, and the preserve is thick and clear, and seal in small jars while hot. MANIPULATING QUINCES Knowing one’s fruit, or being ac- quainted with its nature and require- ments, is especially necessary in manipu- lating quince preserves. Authorities on preserving and canning too frequently give general rules for selecting fruit, pre- paring the syrup, proportioning of fruit and sugar, cooking and sealing; without mentioning special treatment of special fruits. Should the preserves of sliced quinces be put directly in the syrup to be cooked, or be added for quick cooking after the syrup has boiled, like the small fruits and berries, the result would be total failure; for the quince thus treated will invariably be tough. The quinces should be cut into uniform slices or disks much smaller than the usual “quar- ters’ —to make the preserve sightly; with the small pieces snuggled close together in the clear, thick syrup. Cook the sliced quince in water until tender, as it is the cooking in sugar syrup that toughens it. When done, and thoroughly tender, strair off the water, leaving the pieces un- broken. Use this water with its rich flavor of quince to make the syrup al- lowing half a pint of water with a pint of sugar for each quart of sliced quinces measured before cooking. When the syrup has cooked until nearly “ready to jell,” add the tender quinces, boil gently a few minutes longer, thoroughly blend- ing quinces and syrup, without mashing; and seal in air-tight jars. RHUBARB VARIETY While enjoying the rhubarb pies and sauces and baked puddings, a good sup- ply of this healthful spring relish should be canned for winter use. The firm, well- developed stalks have better keeping qualities than the earliest of the young stalks—a secret not generally understood in rhubarb canning. For immediate use in pies, puddings and sauces, the rhubarb should not be peeled, as the reddish peel improves the color and the flavor after stewing or baking, and cooks up per- fectly tender. For the hot canning pro- cess, the peel should also be retained; but for the cold canning methods, it is wise to remove all the thin outer skin. This precaution has been found to im- prove the keeping qualities. COLD WATER CANNING Cut the stalks into half inch lengths, fill clean glass jars with the pieces well packed in, and pour in sufficient clear, cold water to fill all the spaces, being careful to get out all air bubbles. Care in sealing and in removing the air bub- bles is the whole secret of success. The bubble problem is solved by setting the jars, filled with the rhubarb, directly un- der the faucet, and allowing the water to June, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS W. D. Mann, Architect, Chicago. Residence of George Ade, Brook, Ind. Shingles, Siding and Trimmings stained with Cabot’sShingleStains Exterior staining is no longer confined to shingles. Stains are being used more and more upon rough and smooth siding, trimmings and other outside wood work. The colors are beautiful, soft, and transparent. ‘They are cheap and easy to apply; and they are made of Creosote, which preserves the wood. Youcan get Cabot’s Stains allover thecountry. Send for stained wood samples and name of nearest agent. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., 131 Milk St., Boston, Mass. SEND 50 CENTS FOR 5 BUNGALOWS Camps, Houses, Etc. Suburban Architectural Association Equitable Building, WILMINGTON, DBL. Life in America is all you could desire, if you use “ECONOMY?” Gas for Lighting, Cooking, Water Heating, Laun- dry, etc. “It makes the House a Home.” Send stamp today for “ECONOMY WAY.” Economy Gas Machine Co. Rochester, N. Y. “ r s . : Economy’’ Gas is Automatic, Sanitary and Non-Poisonous Country £ See HE most modern, and best illuminating and : cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin adyance of all other methods. Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. run vigorously into the jar until it over- flows for a minute or two, taking all bubbles with the overflow. Or, in the same manner with pump water—con- tinue the pumping for a moment after the overflow. The sealing must either be done under water or while the water is still flowing. Neglect of this secret is the cause of the many failures in keep- ing the rhubarb sweet and fresh. Use new rhubarb; have them placed on the jars, then, while the water is still flowing screw on the tops of the jars. Another good plan for sealing is to set the jar in a deep pail; let the water flow directly into the jar of rhubarb until it overflows and fills the pail, then reach down with the rubber and the top, and seal the jar while under water. When wanted for use this rhubarb is simply drained in a colander, then sweetened and_ stewed, when it can be used the same as fresh rhubarb for puddings and pies. There is so little jelly quality in rhu- barb juice, that for jelly-making it will be necessary to mix apple juice—one- third apple and two-thirds rhubarb—to insure good results. PIQUANT FLAVORS FOR PICKLES When fresh horseradish is in season in the early spring, it will give additional flavor to many varieties of pickles. Old- time housekeepers used to delight in giv- ing special flavors to cucumbers, for in- stance; and many other winter pickles were made particularly appetizing for spring relishes. In these days we are prone to take as little trouble as possible, and simply freshen the cucumbers as they come from the brine, give them their hot vinegar bath, or boil them until ten- der in vinegar, and serve them simply as “sour cucumber pickles.” By following this good old New England recipe we can secure the desirable piquant flavor with little extra work. Take the large cucumber pickles direct from the brine, whether from the pickle keg in the home cellar or from the grocers. Let them lay in water over night to freshen, then cut the cucumbers in quarters, lengthwise. Place a layer of pickles in a porcelain-lined kettle, then a layer of sliced onions and bruised horse- radish root and small pieces of red or green peppers. Repeat the layers of cu- cumbers and onion-horseradish-and-pep- per flavoring, until the kettle is about half full. Pour over this one quart of good cider vinegar, heat very slowly, and boil gently until the pickles are tender. The whole mixture is preferred by some; but in order to use this pickle simply as cucumber pickle with a piquant flavor, take out the cucumbers with a fork, dis- card the onion and horseradish, place the pickles compactly in a stone crock, strain and reheat the vinegar and pour it over the cucumbers boiling hot. When cold, tie the top of the crock with a firm cloth covering, and they will keep until used. Another spicy pickle of flavored cu- cucumbers is made by taking the small cu- cumbers or cutting large ones in half. When taken from the brine, lay them in a jar, cover with thin slices of small, green peppers, and pour on sufficient cold water to cover. Let them stand over night, then drain off the water. Boil together sugar and vinegar in the proportion of one cupful of sugar to each quart of vinegar; boil with this syrup a spice bag containing a tablespoonful of ground cinnamon, a teaspoonful of (Continued on page xxi) Tramps who invade the country towns and suburban territory have a wholesome regard for Smith & Wesson revolvers You may need one at any time—why not purchase wt today We will be glad to send you our handsome illustrated booklet tf you will send your address SMITH & WESSON 416 Southbridge Street SPRINGFIELD, MASS. benefits of A Aa we < — outdo = 3 Sd : 2 Es a ~— Saas | ee oe [2 but none of its discomforts, are realized in The Burlington Venetian Blind In your windows it makes your room delight- fully cool. Enclose your porch with the Burlington Venetian Blind and you have added a healthful out-of-door room to your home. The Burlington Venetian Blind can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun. The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only. Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles, will be mailed to you on request. or Burlington Venetian Blind Cc. 339 Lake St. Burlington, Vi. + 25 Ee XVill Noteworthy Articles ON TIMELY TOPICS SEWAGE AND ITS DISPOSAL. A review of modern methods. By H. Lemmoin-Cannon. Scientific American Supplement 1551. ELECTRIC LIGHTING FOR AMA- TEURS. How a small and simple ex- perimental installation can be set up at home. Scientific American Supple- ment I551. CHEMICAL AFFINITY. Simply ex- plained by Sir Oliver Lodge. Scienti- fic American Supplement 1547. CASE-HARDENING. By David Flather. Scientific American Supple- ment 1547. ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEMS. A comprehensive article by E. W. Rob- one: Scientific American Supplement 1546. CONCRETE. A general article on its merits and defects. Scientific Ameri- can Supplement 1543. REINFORCED CONCRETE. Some of its Principles and Applications with practical Illustrations. Scientific American Supplements 1547, 1548, 1551. ELECTRONS AND THE ELECTRO- NIC THEORY are discussed by Sir Oliver Lodge in Scientific American Supplements 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. Its Pro- gress and Present Condition are well discussed in Scientific American Sup- plements 1425, 1426, 1427, 1386, 1388, 1389, 1383, 1381, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1431. HOW TO CONSTRUCT AN EFFI- CIENT WIRELESS TELEGRAPH APPARATUS AT SMALL COST is hole in Scientific American Supplement 1363. SELENIUM AND ITS REMARK- ABLE PROPERTIES are fully de- scribed in Scientific American Supple- ment 1430. The paper is illustrated by numerous engravings. LANGLEY’S AERODROME. Fully de- scribed and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 1404, 1405 and 1546. STEAM TURBINES. Their Construc- tion, Operation and Commercial Ap- plication. Scientific American Supple- ments 1306, 1307, 1308, 1422, 1400, 1447, 1370, 1372, 1521. The articles have all been prepared by experts in steam en- gineering. PORTLAND CEMENT MAKING is described in excellent articles con- tained in Scientific American Supple- ments 1433, 1465, 1466, 1510, 1511. THE TANTALUM LAMP. A full illus- trated description of a lamp having a metallic filament and burning at once without preliminary heating appears in Scientific American Supplement 1523. THE WATERPROOFING OF FABRICS is thoroughly discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1522 by an expert. THE SPARK COIL, ITS CONSTRUC- TION AND MAINTENANCE, is the subject of a painstaking article in Scientific American Supplement 1522. ELECTRIC IGNITERS FOR GAS EN- GINES are discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1514. CARBURETERS, a subject of immense importance to automobilists and the users of oil engines, is well treated in Scientific American Supplement 1508. EPICYCLIC TRAINS, which play an important part in toothed gearing, are ably described in Scientific American Supplement 1524. Each number of the Scientific American Supplement costs 10 cents by mail Send for 1910 Supplement Catalogue FREE to any address MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS CORRESPONDENCE June, 1911 The Editor of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspond- ence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Problems in House Furnishing By ALICE M. KELLOGG LIVING-ROOM DECORATION RS, J.-B: $2 of East "Orange says: “Please give me some idea as to my living-room paper. It is a light, sunny room for most of the day. The ceiling is beamed, woodwork a gray brown, neither light nor dark, but there is a good deal of it in the room. Window and door frames are wide and plain and at the end of the room there is an ingle- nook with heavy settle ends, and a fire- place with a broad shelf. The side of the room opposite the door has four case- ment windows with seat. Rugs are an- tiques, furniture old mahogany and a lit- tle black oak. Have held up sample after sample, but cannot seem to hit the wood- work correctly. Room 14x26. Cottage curtains to sill only of yellow brown sill.” In this room the woodwork plays an important part, as there is so much of it. I would pin up in different parts of the room samples of every kind of paper nearly suitable, wrapping paper or even butcher’s paper will serve. Study these for a day or so and you will find your choice narrowing successfully. As your curtains are yellow your woodwork brown, the wallpaper may safely be a tone between the two. As there is little design in your materials, chair and sofa coverings being plain, and the room is large, the paper may be a figured one. There should be some blue object in the room, old blue in some rug, cushion or vase. A medium shade of green would look well, but if the room is sunny the paper would have to be renewed soon. Another correspondent inquires about improving her bathroom. “My _bath- room needs improving, but I do not know what to do with it. There is a wainscoting of white cement marked off like brick work, a flat rail dividing it from a plain wall above. The house is new but has settled and the corners are somewhat cracked. Floor is tiled, porce- lain tub and basin, mahogany seat and tank. Rug two tone in blue.” If you have your rug already it will be best to build up from that. The cement should be painted with white paint, two flat and one enamel finish. For the wall above, choose some one of the bathroom papers; there are some extremely pretty ones now with high finish. Of course the paperhanger will plaster up the cracks before hanging the paper. Mr. F. Richards writes: “This subur- ban house we have just moved into has a fine porch, 12x82 feet. I would like to fur- nish it somewhat this summer, but can spare only thirty dollars on it. It has the sun in the late afternoon.” You can do a good deal with this amount, and I submit two suggestions. The awning will undoubtedly furnish and (Continued on page xix) Garden Work About the Home By OLIVER INGRAHAM HE labor of gardening is often irk- some to the amateur because his tools are not good. Farm tools are made for farm laborers and for farm con- ditions and are heavy, strong and lasting. The tools for gardening should be light, well balanced and sharp. There is no sense in using a heavy hoe in the fine soil of a garden. A sharp light hoe will cut the weeds much better and with less effort. Besides being heavy and clumsy, farm tools are often badly adapted to garden work. For a hoe get a ladies’ hoe with a small sharp blade and a springy handle. Use this for a shallow stirring of the soil after rain or for weeding. For deeper cul- tivation use a light four-tined potato digger. This will stir the soil more deeply and more thoroughly than a rake, and it is easy to handle, and may be used between plants that are less than a foot apart. The hoe shaped like the ace of spades is a very use- ful tool for cultivating or for making drills. I have just imported from England a Sproughton hoe, which seems very promis- ing. It is like a Dutch scuffle hoe, but the edge is held only at one side, so that one can cultivate all sides of a plant without changing ones position. It has the further advantage of having two edges so that it can be pushed like a Dutch hoe or drawn toward one like an ordinary hoe. Spades should be of several sizes—one a nursery spade with a long blade and an iron bound handle; another should be half the usual length with a small narrow square blade. This can be used in place of a trowel, and and is good for collecting. There should also be a_ short-handled shovel. Long- handled shovels or spades have no place in the garden, and they are wasteful im- plements anywhere. Spading forks should always be used for spading up the ground. They are usually too heavy. I have found a short-handled manure fork with sound tines cut short (about 10 inches) a better implement. The wheel hoe with its various attach- ments is, of course, indispensable in any vegetable garden. English trowels of cast steel are the only kind it pays to buy, and the same may be said of sickles. Good tools are worth all they cost in comfort and ease of working, and in the increased labor which one may accomplish with them in a given time. DON’T wonder that you are disturbed by the large bill-board which has just been erected across the road from your house. There are many ways to attack the bill-board evil, and if you can arouse a strong public sentiment they are bound to succeed. The most effective way is to approach the owner on whose property the bill-board is erected, and to point out to him that he is unneighborly to permit it, that his personal - pride ought to keep him from being willing June, 1911 to make money from such objectionable advertising of other people’s wares. If the owner is not moved by your ap- peals, you can then go to the advertiser and say that he will lose your trade unless he removes his sign, and that he is likely to lose the trade of others for the same rea- son. You can also impress upon him the cost of such advertising in the actual money spent and its excessive cost per person who reads it, compared with advertising in any daily or weekly paper. If the bill-board is used for theatrical posters, you could probably convince the manager of the local theatre that it is not to his advantage to advertise his produc- tions in that way. Managers of playhouses are very susceptible to public opinion and if you can get an expression of opinion from some club or society you will have little difficulty in convincing the advertiser if he is a local man. If it is a food or a soap that is advertised your difficulty will be greater, because such advertising is done wholesale through agents, and it is hard to touch the man- agers in the right spot. Roadside advertising is one of the great- est nuisances we have to-day. It is spoiling many beautiful drives. It has spoiled the scenery one sees from most railroads, and it is a greater offence to the eye than a glue factory is to the nose. It is already controlled by law in many communities, and the day is not far off when all bill-board advertising will be pro- hibited by excessive taxation or by police regulation on the score that an offence to the eye should not be permitted. 5 Problems in House Furnishing (Continued from page xviii) shade your porch just when you need it most. But its price precludes the buying of many chairs. If you can borrow from the house when needed it will not matter so much. If the space over steps is not very wide, you may perhaps get an estimate cheaper than I have put down. If you choose green stripes, have the furniture green, and the same color introduced in the cushions. If red stripes have mahogany stain and flowered cush- ions. Railing boxes similar to window boxes, bright with sweet alyssum mar- guerites, red or pink geraniums and be- gonias, and trailing vinca, will complete a charming porch and color scheme, and modest in price as well. Swinging Awning ....$15.00 seat ......$12.00 Willow chair. 6.00 2 wicker shables Ave a. . 4.00 chairs .... 12.00 2 small rock- Fable ...22:- 4.00 ers with Pillows 2.00 splint seat .. 2.50 -——— Pillows ...... 300 $30.00 ae $30.50 “My upstairs sitting-room is now in use for my youngest boy. It is very bare and I would like to paper it for him, but so that I could use it later for my- self.” Have you seen the blue gingham rooms? They are very quaint and old- fashioned looking. In buying your ging- ham choose that variety in which the threads running one way are white, the other blue, giving a homespun appear- ance. Match it to a lighter toned paper (cartridge or oatmeal) of the same hue. Make sheer white cottage curtains to the sill only, with over-curtains and short va- lance of gingham. The valance of the bed Barley Brings And Vigor erties of Saazer Hops as in and tonic qualities. and not an alcoholic beverage. Anheuser-Busch The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and German Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Sczentific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scien/ific American Supple- ment 1596. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a gasoline or crude oil motor In Sctentific American Supplement 1581 the Production of In- dustrial Alcohol and its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article published in Sczendific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Sczentific American. The most complete treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol, explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the pro- cess without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. when ably malted and fermented with the tonic prop- ALCOHOL Send for Our New 1910 Supplement Catalogue. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x ANHEUSER BUs CH’s Malt Nitvine Thousands of delicate women will testify to its food Declared by U.S. Revenue Department A Pure Malt Product Sold by druggists and grocers. St. Louis, Mo. Its Manufacture Its Denaturization Its Industrial Use In Supplements 1607, 1608, 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the U. S Internal Revenue will permit the manufacture and denaturation of tax free alcohol. A comparison of the Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines is given in Scientific American Supplements 1634 and 1635 by Prof. Charles E. Lucke and S. M. Woodward. The Manufacture, Denaturing and the Technical and Chemical Utilization of Alcohol is ably discussed in the Sczentific American Supplements 1636 and 1637 by M. Klarand F. H. Meyer, both ex perts inthe chemistry and distillation of alcohol. Illustrations of stills and plants accompany the text The Sources of Industrial Alcohol, that is the Farm Products from which alcohol is distilled, are enumerated by Dr. H. W. Wiley in Scientific American Supplements 1611 and 1612 and their relative alcohol content compared. The Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol is the title of a splendid article by the late Max Maercker (the greatest authority on alcohol) pub- lished in Scten/tfic American Supplements 1627 and 1628. Dia- grams of the various types of stills in common use are used as illustrations In Sctentjfic American Supplement 1613 the Uses of Industrial Alcohol in the Arts and in the Home are discussed. Any Single Number of the Sczen/tfic American or Supplement will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $2.00. FREE to Any Address. Order from your newsdealer or from the publishers MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City Xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 RT to be of the gingham, also the box for toys covered and the gingham box pleat- W () i F ed around the sides. The rug should be a heavy, rag rug, blue predominating. FI FTY- SIX YEA R S O RK O AN LITY If the white quilt on the iron bed soils too readily there is a charming cretonne that comes, very Japanese in appearance, blue trunks of trees, odd and gnarled in appearance. This could be sewed to- gether in lengths to throw over bed and pillows; also a border could be made of it and sewed on the gingham window curtains and valances. “We are refurnishing our dining-room with a delightful present in the shape of a check, and would like ideas for the same, although we have pretty well de cided to get mahogany furniture for it.” As your check seems ample to cover the cost of such a handsome set of fur- niture why not finish the room in cor- responding style. As a background for such heavy pieces of mahogany as you have already chosen, a deep dull blue (Madonna blue it is often called) for the wall paper would be very rich. A Chinese rug (copy), now so much sought after and admired, with blue peachblow and black in a bold handsome design for the floor. Your scarfs on sidetable and side- board should be heavy lace or linen, solid- ly embroidered. Place only a few arti- cles on the sideboard—chafing dish, brass or copper bowl for fruit. Cut glass will not look well displayed in this room. You will be pleased if you place a large Chinese placque with the blues of the ESTABLISHED 1855 ane er in it. , hall h “What color wall paper shall we have Le WOLERF MANUFACTURING {GCO: on the private hall of this little flat? It MANUFACTURERS OF is now a cranberry red and is horrible.” A warm buff, plain or indistinguish- Plu mbing (Joods Exclusively ably patterned in two tones is the color for the hall. You will find it consider- The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm ably lightened. GENERAL OFFICES 601 to 627 West Lake Street, - - Chicago DENVER TRENTON ROSE GARDENS Showrooms: 111 N, Dearborn Street, Chicago OES anything in the plans and specifications for a home interest a client—especially a woman—more than the bathroom and its equipment. It is the comyort-center of the household; and so long as houses are built to live in, the far-sighted architect will take no chances there. He knows that if it is not satisfactory the house will be viewed through dark glasses and mountains made of mole-hills. The safe way is to specify bathroom, kitchen and laundry plumbing equipment that is manufactured throughout by one house, bearing the reputation that can be gained only one way. That’s ‘WOLFF’S” line. (Continued from page xiv) BRANCH OFFICES riety of rosa lucida should not be omit- Si LOUISH MO... 2210-2212 Pine St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., Monadnock Bldg. = ; MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.,615Northwestern Bldg) OMAHA, NEB, | - 1116-1118 Douglas St. an inside ae ponds eae have a CLEVELAND, OHIO, - Builders Exchange WASHINGTON, D.C., 327 Bond Building white gravel path, enclosing in turn a KANSAS CITY, MO., 1204 Scarrett Building BUFFALO, N.Y., - 61 Manchester Place number of beds devoted to the tea roses CINCINNATI, OHIO - - - . 506 Lyric Building and the hybrid teas. Tea roses bloom all summer, their col- ors are superb and their fragrance un- surpassed, except by the sweetbriar. They |} are easy to grow, they do not suffer in A ewe e || dry weather, and they can be protected Th S t f A || in the winter by throwing earth around e c1en ] 1c merican 7 | them eight or ten inches high. There are f}| hundreds of varieties, and all, I suppose, || have some merit. At any rate, one can Boy at School || choose by color and not make a mistake. Any good soil will do for these roses, and they will grow and bloom without coddling. By A. RUSSELL BOND, 12 mo., 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00. | Whether the hybrid perpetuals should 1} be included in this garden or not I can- @ This is a sequel to “The Scientific American Boy” and like its predecessor is brim full of ff | not say. Personally, I would leave them practical suggestions, all of which are entirely new. The construction of the apparatus, which out, because the hybrid teas have the same size and substance and are better bloomers and in every way as Satisfac- tory. A rose garden of this modern sort should be at least fifty feet square: a hun- and canal locks, truss bridges and several different types of boats. Sun dials, clepsydras, dred would be better. It will be very seismographs, gliding machines, kite photography and camera hunting are a few of the other easy to care for, because after the first two years it will be impossible to culti- vate the border, and the only labor will be that of spraying and of keeping the paths and hoeing the tea rose beds. Tea 1 | roses should be planted in beds four feet MUNN & CO., Inc. Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York. wide, with three rows of roses alternating in the rows. Each plant will then be about eighteen inches from its nearest is within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a fascinating story, which makes the book interesting as well as instructive to the boy. This volume contains instructions on surveying, sounding and signalling, the building of dams, canals interesting subjects taken up. Other unique ideas are water kites, fish-tail boat-propellers, bicycle sleds, geyser fountains, etc. No boy of a mechanical turn of mind can read the story without being inspired to try his hand at making the devices. June, 1911 AME RIGAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi neighbor, and the narrow beds make it easy to take care of each plant. Our garden in the winter will be al- most as beautiful as in the summer. The rose hips are brilliant in color, and the warm tones of the branches, in contrast with evergreen trees at the back and the snow, perhaps, on the ground, make a very cheering winter scene. I know a lovely informal rose garden planted among the rocks and cedars of a New England hillside, with the climb- ing roses in the tops of old apple trees and the tea roses nestling beside a bould- er. It is a bird-paradise at all seasons. With this material there is no end to the beautiful things one can do. Preserves That Are “Sightly” (Continued from page xvii) cloves and one of ginger. When the liquid is boiling vigorously, pour it over the cucumbers; leave the jar uncovered until the contents are cold, then cover and set in a cool place; and the pickle will be ready for use in about a week. SPRING CHILI SAUCE It-is naturally supposed that the only time to make chili sauce is in the autumn, when green tomatoes can be secured, but according to some good old recipes that are now the favorites in the collection of a modern housewife, the really good chili sauce is one that can be made in the spring as well as in the autumn; one in which canned tomatoes may be used, and in which anchovies serve to give the piquant flavor. With two quarts of canned tomatoes use two quarts of vin- egar, twelve anchovies, twelve large onions, ‘and one tablespoonful each of cloves, mace, red pepper and black pepper; three tablespoonfuls each of salt and sugar; and two tablespoonfuls of ground gin- ger. After washing and soaking the an- chovies and pulling them into bits, place the entire ingredients in a preserving kettle and boil for four hours, until re- duced to about half the original quan- tity. Strain through a fine sieve, and the result is a thick, rich, smooth sauce, of most appetizing flavor. The best plan for keeping it is to bottle, cork and seal, and lay the bottles down in a cool place. SWEET FRUIT PICKLE When the first sweet cherries come into bearing, they may be used to form a delicious pickle. The later cherries, the morillas and pie cherries and others of tart flavor will be best for the canning, preserving and jelly making. For the pickled cherries use two quarts of vin- egar, three pounds of sugar, one ounce each of cloves, cinnamon and_ allspice, and seven pounds of cherries. Steam the cherries until tender, then place in a jar. Boil the vinegar and sugar together with the spices in a bag. Pour the syrup while hot, over the cherries and let them stand twenty-four hours. Again boil up the syrup and pour over the fruit while hot. At the third boiling, drain all the syrup from the fruit and boil down until the syrup is thick and rich; pour it over the fruit while boiling hot; and when cool cover the jar and set in a cool place Johnson’s Wood Dye Endorsed by Architects-— Contractors — Painters — and Home Owners Everywhere OHNSON’S Wood Dye is not an ordinary stain—but a permanent Wood Finish of great beauty and durability for all interior trim and furniture of every character. Johnson’s Dye is now extensively used by leading architects and contractors every- where for finishing Red Gum—Cypress—and other soft woods as well as the most ex- pensive hard woods. It gives the wood a lasting, beautiful finish without raising the grain—and when used in connection with Johnson’s Prepared Wax it produces the beautiful, dull, artistic finish now so popular. Instruction and Specification Book FREE Let us furnish you a copy of the latest edition of our beautiful and profusely illustrated book on Wood Finishing, together with asample of any shade of dye desired. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 15 standard shades as listed below, and with it you No. 123 Dark Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 125 Mission Oak No. 121 Moss Green No. 140 Early English No. 122 Forest Green No. 110 Bog Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 178 Brown , No. 129 Dark Mahogany Flemish Oak y No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 120 Fumed Oak Half Gallons—$1.50 each Don’t you want this Book—Free—and samples of the Dye and Wax? Ask your local dealer for them. We have supplied him for your use but if he does not furnish you with them drop us a postal and we will see that the samples and book reach you at once. Ask for Booklet A.H.-6. To Architects: Beautiful sample panels of all woods now in use for interior trim will be furnished to you upon request, finished with our Dye and Wax. ‘These give the exact effects obtainable by their use. S. C. Johnson & Son The Wood Finishing Authorities Racine, Wis. | 1 Sabie: T is far from our intention to create the impression that our stock is high priced. It is, however, exclusive in design, and it is also true that we have had the patronage of the most discrimi- nating and particular people in all parts of the country. The reputation of our furniture has been built upon distinctive features, such as, the simple artistic lines of our de- signs, solid construction, and a variety of custom finishes. Our cottage furniture is especially adapted for both Shore or Country houses where a simple, harmonious and artistic effect is desired, conforming with the sur- roundings, and yet not sacrificing one’s comfort. Shipments are carefully crated, insur- ing safe delivery. Send for complete set No. 12 of over 200 illustrations, WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO. MANUFACTURERS 22 Canal Street - - Boston, Mass. e Xxli AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1911 Can be used as a blind or an awning at will, or pulled np out of sight if desired. Slats ePon and close. Admit air, exclude sun. Very durable and artistic. Suitable alike town and country houses. Orders should be placed NOW for Summer Delivery. ‘y Vilson’s Outside Venetians Blind Pulled Up Wilson’s Blinds have been furnished to the houses of John P. Morgan, H, M, Flagler, A. G, Vanderbilt, Chas. Lanier, Mrs. R, Gambrill, Clarence Mackay, Wm. C. Whitney, J. S. Kennedy, C. Ledyard Blair, Jas. C. Colgate, O. Harriman, Jr., and many others. VENETIAN Woes JAS. G. WILSON MFG. CO., 5 West 29th St., New York VENETIAN No. 5 Also Inside Venetians, Porch Venetians, Rolling Partitions, ar Inside View. Outside View. For Piazzas and Porches Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors, “Willowcraft” Furniture To see ‘‘Willowcraft’’ furniture is to want it; to want it is to buy it; and to buy it is to secure a lifetime of artistic comfort and the feeling of satisfaction that alone comes from knowing you have the best. Nothing else like it. Ask your dealer for ‘‘Willowcraft’’ furniture, bearing the ‘“Willowcraft’’ stamp. None other genuine. If your dealer doesn’t carry the genuine stamped ‘‘Willowcraft’’ send for names of ‘‘Willowcraft’’ dealers, illustrated catalogue and price list. THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS Box A. NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. i is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES STRENGTH SATISFACTION ECONOMY STAMFORD Carlos, Lee Co., Fla., Mamaroneck, N. Y. Now. 23, 1910 Nip ech ens NATIONAL BANK Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co. Wyckoff Lumber & BES Co. Stamford, Conn., Ithaca, N. Y- Tehaca aN Nov. 10, 1910 Gentlemen : Gentlemen: Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co., The Cornell Portable House you sent me some time ago I consider to bea ral The little bungalow you made on your special design for me Ithaca, N. Y. jecidedly strong and well-braced struc- is exactly what I wanted. I congratulate myself in having put Gentlemen: F ies ant it withstood BImeScie full the work in your hands. The No. 2 Garage which I bought force of the recent hurricane in Very truly yours, ; from you I found to be very satisfactory this part of Florida and sustained practi- HENRY B. EDDY in all respects, and I think I saved cally no damage, whereas appar- about 25 per cent. of what it ently stronger houses around it é Be “ny would cost me to have had a similar were demolished. It is a very Satisfied Customers “‘tell the story.” If you | garage built here. 20d house and a handy one. Yours truly, need a practical, substantial building for any pur- pose, let us tell you what we can do for you. Fireproof Garages a specialty Illustrated catalog 4c. stamps WYCKOFF LUMBER & MFG. CO., 410 Green St., Ithaca, N. Y. W. L. BALDWIN, Cashier urs truly, Ye LAPARITA HEALTH RESORT SS AUTOMOBILE MECHANICIANS’ CATECHISM. By Calvin F. Swingle, M.E. Chicago: Frederick J. Drake & Co., 1910. 16mo.; 110 pp. Price, $1.25. As the name implies, all the information given is conveyed in the form of questions and answers. This is a very practical way of acquiring knowledge of a subject. Should the student desire to test his knowledge and his capacity for clearly expressing it, he may write his own answers and com- pare them with the answers given. On the other hand, the index allows of the use of the catechism as a “searchlight in trouble- finding.” Should the tyro find himself stalled on some country road, unable to place the trouble, he turns to the index, finds ‘“Breakdowns—what to do” and has expert advice immediately, in the fewest possible words. Inserts, showing the plan and elevation of a chassis, with all parts numbered and named, add greatly to the completeness and utility of the handbook. THE MINERALOGY OF ARIZONA. By F. N. Guild. Easton, Pa.: The Chemical Pub- lishing Company, 1910. 12mo.; 103 pp.; illustrated. Arizona is notably rich in mineral de- posits, and its mountains and canyons have been attacked with such enthusiasm that the yield of specimens has been proportion- ately large and noteworthy. In their mode of occurrence, and in the beauty and va- riety of the crystallizations, the minerals found in this part of the country present unusual features. Vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum are not uncommon, and the chemical and geological conditions which brought them into being well repay inves- tigation. The recent discoveries of cor- onadite, morencite and arizonite are chron- icled, and the compositions of these de- posits are given. Motion Picture HANpzook. Richardson. New York: The Moving Picture World, 1910. 12mo.; 176 pp.; illustrated. Price, $1.50. In this age of the motion pictures, such a handbook as this will not lack for readers. It tells everything which the would-be op- erator ought to know, and some things which the full-fledged ‘operator should be familiar with, but, judging from results, is not. The source of the light, the wiring, resistance devices, lenses, carbons, the film, the various makes of projectors, all these are subjects of vital importance in the skillful manipulation of the motion picture machine. Managers may also turn these pages with benefit, not only because man- agers should know something of the art on which their business depends, but also be- cause the final chapter appeals especially to them, its heads being the selection of a theatre location, employees, advertising, film service, tickets and vaudeville. By F. Ee Success IN MARKET GARDENING. A New Vegetable Growers’ Manual. By Her- bert Rawson. New York: Double- day, Page & Co., 1910. 12 mo.; 271 pp.; illustrated. Price, $1.10 net. This is a revision and amplification of a book of the same title by the late W. W. Rawson, father of the present author. It covers market gardening methods in a gen- eral way, from the choice of a location and June, 1911 the preparation of the soil, to the gather- ing, handling and packing of the crops. There is a helpful section on the capital and labor required, and others dealing with im- plements, and with insects and preventives. BRAYLEY’S ARRANGEMENT OF FINGER Prints IDENTIFICATION AND THEIR Uses. By Frederick A. Brayley. Bos- ton: The Worcester Press, 1910. 12mo.; 118 pp. Price, $2. The wonderful possibilities of finger print “signatures” have long been recog- nized by “foreign criminal departments, and the system is now adopted by police, secret service, United States army and navy; and banks, insurance companies, bond com- panies, secret societies, and all lines of busi- ness, where a perfect system of identifica- tion is necessary, are considering this sys- tem with a view to adopting it. This ex- haustive treatise was prepared, under the supervision of an expert, from data sup- plied by Mr. Henry Richardson, the head of the qMiaeerchucetts Bureau of Criminal identification. This system of classification is in conformity with that in use by the British government central offices, United States government, and the various police departments of the United States; it con- tains original and valuable data for filing finger prints. BUCH BERUEHMTER INGENIEURE. By Dr. Richard Hennig. Leipzig: Otto Spa- mer, 1911. 308 pp.; 48 illustrations. Ten biographies of distinguished engi- neers are included in the volume before us. The men discussed are William Siemens, James Buchanan Eads, John Ericsson, Fer- dinand de Lesseps, Alfred Nobel, Sir Henry Bessemer, John Fowler, Nicolaus Riggenbach, Otto Jutze and Max von Euth. The biographies in the main seem well writ- ten, and may be regarded as giving accurate details of the lives of the men discussed. One wonders, however, why so eminent an engineer as Sir Benjamin Baker is re- ferred to as “ein gewisser Benjamin Baker,” for surely Sir Benjamin Baker’s part in the erection of the great Forth bridge was as great as that of Sir John Fowler. Also why Brunel, who was probably the greatest English engineer that ever lived, is not made the subject of one of the biographies. WHITE PAINTS AND PAINTING MATERIALS. By WW. G. Seott, C.E. Pee: The Modern Painter, 1910. 8vo.; 493 pp. The plan on which this book is built com- mends itself favorably to the reviewer. The first section deals with “the physical test of paint.” Then are considered in order the several kinds of white paints, classified according to their bases; lime, magnesia, barium, alumina, silica, zinc, lead and organic materials. Incidentally products not strictly falling under the head- ing of paints are dealt with, such as putty and various kinds of pastes. A concise ac- count is given of the sources of raw ma- terials, the manufacturing processes, and the methods of analysis of interest in con- nection with the several paints and other materials treated. A very useful set of tables is appended. There is a good index, but we miss a synopsis of the chapter-con- tents. A definition which occurs in a foot- note of the “Table of Elements” seems to require revision. We read there: ‘The melting point of a gas is supposed to be the temperature at which the hiquid- -gas begins to assume the gaseous form.” The word- ing of this appears to us unfortunate. But this is a mere oversight in what seems to be an excellent book. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Civilization—from Signal Fire to Telephone f as telephone gives the widest range to personal communi- cation. Civilization has been ex- tended by means of communica- tion. The measure of the progress of mankind is the difference between the signal fire of the Indian and the telephone service of to-day. Each telephone user has a per- sonal interest in the growth of the whole telephone system. He is directly benefited by every extension of his own possibilities. He is indirectly benefited by the extension of the same possibilities to others, just as he is benefited by the extension of the use of his own language. Any increase in the number of telephones increases the usefulness of each telephone connected with this system. The Bell System is designed to provide Universal service. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY J One Policy One System For Damp and Stained Concrete Walls Trus-Con Wall Finish, applied with a brush, prevents and overcomes damp- ness, stainsand efflorescence—protects walls with a uniform, decorative, flat finish without gloss—conceals haircracks—entersinto thesurface pores, hard- enine and fusing with the concrete. Does not peel r crack off like paints. Trus-Con Wall Finish is furnished in a variety of colors, and is used with equal success on concrete, brick or masonry. Write for Free Color Card. Tell us about your walls and we will send free suggestions. TRUSSED CONCRETE STEEL CO. «19 Trussed Concrete Building, Trus-Con Floor Enamel for dusty floors; Trus-Con Paste for waterproofing concrete; Trus-Con Sno-Wite for #! enameling interiors. AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES Universal Service Detroit, Mich. For All i ad Made of the highest grade materials in a factory devo- «p! tedexclusively to high grade Z isi pA Se A 15 fences. lf you need a fence of aaa | eal Is Na i any kind you will save money in the end by getting it in the first place from the Enterprise Foundry and Fence O. Send for Catalog 4 Shows 100 des signs of fence and « € S, al e u er. i Send po stal to aes ” Address ||| || 1222 EB. 24th Street Indianapolis, Ind. xxiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Opal-Glass-Lined Oak Refrigerator 7 4 From Factory East of Freight Prepaid the Rockies. West of the Rockies, You Pay Freight From Denver. You get this highest grade Solid Oak Wickes New Con- structed Refrigerator, lined with Opal Glass,‘‘better than mar- ble,” for only $31.75—freight prepaid from factory. You buy the Wickes Refrigerator direct from the A factory, at actual factory prices. You save all the re mr dealers’, jobbers’ and department store profits. You 1 ounds get the Wickes at the price asked everywhere for ordinary * ‘enameled’ refrigerators, for which you have to pay the freight in addition. The Wickes New Constructed No. 230 is made of solid oak, to last a lifetime—perfectly joined and beautifully finished. The f foo d compartment and door are lined throughout with OPAL GLASS, 7-16 inch thick. Our exc lusive construction gives you double refrigeration from every pound of ice. Opal glass mukes the WICKES absolutely sanitary Your money refunded ‘if the WICKES is not exactly as repre- . sented. See and use this high-grade refrigerator in your home. Send for Free Beautiful Art Catalog Mensiremcnts= sara It shows you the famous Wickes Refrigerators of all sizes—inside 2 ° . e and out. Guaranteed and sold by Height 45in. Width 36 in. Depth 21in. The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 310 Wabash Avenue, Chicago (Established Quer 60 Years) 29-35 W. 32d St., New York haan SEL JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED CRAFTSMAN HOMES By GUSTAV STICKLEY Containing practical house plans, exteriors and interiors, suggestions for gardens, gates and pergolas, models for furniture, metal work and needlework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high recognitior as the first fearless expression of an indepenaent national style of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and structural features, choice of woods, floors and how tc finish them, treatment of interior woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SIZES: 8'%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York A Book for Architects, Builders, Homemakers and Housekeepers Lane’s Trolley Parlor Door Hangers and Track Fitted with superior quality ball bearings of the Annular type. The only Trolley Track adjustable laterally after the equipment has been installed. If the house settles slightly or when door dries out in winter or swells in summer, by this patented feature any binding or scraping of beautiful doors may be entirely prevented. Send for Complete Catalog. Lane Trolley Hanger No. 109. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. The Door Sees Manufacturers June, 1911 An INTRODUCTION To ZOOLOGY. By Robert W. Hegner, Ph.D. New Yorks the Macmillian Company, 1910. 350 pp.; 161 illustrations. Price, $1.90 net. The text book before us has been de- signed to cover the field of the introductory course in zoology which is now given at several of the leading universities, courses dealing with invertebrate types only, and followed by a course on vertebrate types during the second half year. This explains some of the omissions which are to be found in works of this character, and why only a few animals belonging to the very important phyla, as viewed from an evolu- tionary standpoint, are considered. These few types, however, are intensively studied in an endeavor to teach the fundamental principles of zoology in a way that is not possible without a superficial examination of types from all the phyla. Morphology, instead of being especially emphasized, is co-ordinated with physiology, ecology, and behavior, thus serving to illustrate by a comparative study, the probable course of evolution. The animals are treated not as inert objects for dissection, but as living organisms whose activities are of funda- mental importance. An excellent glossary has been included which ought to prevent the confusion which students usually en- counter when suddenly confronted with a number of scientific terms. Tue GeoLocy oF BuILpING STONES. By J. Allen Howe, B.Sc F2GsSaeNew York: Longmans, Green & Co., 8vo.; 455 pp.; illustrated. $2.50 net. Students of architecture will find this a very edifying collection of facts relating to the geology of building stones. As it is an English work, naturally it deals particularly with those materials found in the British Isles, only brief reference being made to the stones of other countries. The author has had the advantage of assistance and advice from prominent architects, quarry owners, and merchants, and has been allowed to re- produce important figures and plates from goverment bulletins and foreign works. Tue Art or Cross-EXAMINATION. By Francis L. Wellman. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910. 404 pp. Price net, $2.50. Although the title of this instructive vol- ume would seem to indicate that it would be of interest only to the reader of legal bent or training, this most assuredly is not the case. The author, himself a master of the difficult art of cross-examination, has discussed this important subject with so much clearness, and with so complete an absence of specifically legal or technical terminology, that even the lay reader with- out a smattering of the law will find its pages of fascinating interest. Portions of Mr. Wellman’s book, praticularly those re- counting parts of the cross-examination of famous cases, can be read with the lively pleasure one would accord to a thoroughly readable novel. For this second edition Mr. Wellman has practically rewritten his book, so important are the additions, though the first few chapters, as he states, in his preface, have been left substantially as they were originally formulated. The chapter on “Cross-examination of Experts” has been rearranged, while chapters have been added on “Cross-examination to the Fal- lacies of Testimony” and “Cross-examina- tion to Probabilities—Personality of the Examiner,” etc. In place of Mr. Choate’s cross-examination of Russell Sage in the third trial, the present volume contains the far more amusing and instructive cross- examination of the second trial. oe ‘ ELECTRICALLY LIGHTED COUNTRY PLACES Night can be made day anywhere, any-time—house or grounds —by the twist of a switch—if you have one of The Electric Storage Battery. Company’s isolated electric lighting plants. Initial cost is upward from $375, according to the number of lamps required. - Installation and wiring are simple enough for any mechanic. Operating cost is as little as 3 cents an hour for 25 lamps. Any person can operate the plant. Space required is 6 feet square or little more. A complete plant consists of gasoline engine, dynamo, switchboard and the “Chloride Accumulator” This is the same type of storage battery that is used by the lighting companies in nearly all the large cities, by the electric railways, by the Western Union and Postal Telegraph Co’s, etc. Run the engine only a few hours during the day—no engine noise at night—and the “Chlorive Accumulator” stores the electricity until needed. If there is no public lighting station near you, write today for the free book “Electricity for Country Places” and learn the advantages of having your own electric plant. Address the office nearest you. THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY CO. 1888 PHILADELPHIA 1911 New York, Chicago, Boston, Cleveland, Denver, San Francisco, St. Louis, Atlanta, Detroit, Toronto, Seattle, Los Angeles, Portland, Ore. AVOID FLIES, GERMS, ODORS— NO MORE GARBAGE NUISANCE “PERFECT” Garbage Atmosphere Temperature, Acids, B u r ih e r Oils, Gasoline, Salt Water, etc. AND Transparol is the best perservative of Wood known, and is equally as good a preventative of Rust and Corrosion of Metals. LAUNDRY STOVE The gloss finish given the surface by an application of COMBINED Transparol is so great that Transparol is the wonder of the Paint and Varnish Experts. Transparol comprises the following Universal Qualities:— Flexibility, Elasticity and Durability. TRANSPAROL| Transparol is the finish that makes every surface a Mirror, and is the leading finish for Railroad Cars, Automobiles, and all other Vehicles, also for leather. Transparol is a particularly choice finish, and one that is positively indifferent to all effects of:— May be also equipped as a water heater up to 100-gallon boiler, if it is so desired. SANITARY: The “PERFECT” Garbage Burner eliminates the garbage nuisance, its odors and constant menace to health. No more flies—no germ and vermin gatherers at your door. itis recommend- ed by Health Boards of various cities as the best and most sanitary solution of the garbage evil. PRACTICAL: The only perfected garbage disposal plant for private family use. Burns all Garbage while it is fresh, before it becomes a ids infectious mess of filth. Evaporates and converts all refuse into a combustible condition, reducing it to an odorless ash without emitting odors or creating a nuisance or an unsanitary condition. ECONOMICAL: One fire does double or triple service—destroys all household garbage—does all the laundry work, will heat a boiler of from 60 to 100 gallons capacity for baths and house- uses, if it is so desired. What you pay your garbage man will more than pay for this apparatus, and you will be entirely rid of a horrible nuisance. CONVENIENT : The “PERFECT” Garbage Burner lifts a great burden and Bees of every neat house- keeper, especially in Summer. There isno more wait for the unreliable garbage man—all refuse is taken care of before it has a chance to accumulate—without odor and without nuisance. This Combination Garbage Burner and Laundry Stove will prove a tremendous factor for health in your summer home at very little expense—one fire does all the work—the price for the Garbage Burner only is $37.50. A fuller description will be sent on request—let us show you what a difference it will make to your family this Summer. RICHARDSON & BOYNTON CO., 31 West 31st St., New York History records that in Egypt they had a fluid which re- sisted the Atmosphere for Ages, and which Modern Civilization up to-date, has never been able to produce, The Old Egyp- tian Preservative has been Re-discovered. Transparol stands alone among the multitude of Paints, Varnishes and Shellac Products like the Pyramid amidst the ruins of Old Egypt. Transparol is indestructible, and when all other products have been worn away, Transparol will still be there. Transparol is sold on a Guarantee to be satisfactory. For Exterior and Interior Use. AMERICAN TRANSPAROL COMPANY 50 CHURCH STREET NEW YORK CITY Live Agents, Write for Territory ¥ ‘Protects Trees « JOHN DAVEY.= ATHER OF TREE SURGERY A single tree, hundreds of years old and of majestic bearing, in the front yard of a city lot in the Middle West, added three hundred dollars to the figure at Fed which the property sold a few months since as compared with the price paid foran adjoining lot of the same size which had on it a considerably better house. CONE EXPORT AND COMMISSION CO.—SOUTHERN COTTONS. 74 and 76 Worth Street, New York, and Greensboro, N. C. New York. N. ¥., Feb. 14, 1911 The Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, Ohio. GENTLEMEN :— Your favor of the 4th instant was for- warded to me from Greensboro, N. C, Replying to your inquiry, would state that the trees on my place, which your representative treated, appear to have done have been very well and I believe benefited by the work done on them I take pleasure in recemmending your methods to anyonc who wishes to preserve their trees. Very truly yours, Signed (CEASAR CONE) The Man Who Lets His Trees Decay and Die Sacrifices a Cash Asset Such sacrifice is no longer necessary, Just as modern surgery saves human life in unnumbered instances where a generation or two ago death would have been considered inevitable, the new science of three surgery saves trees. Scarcely one tree in ten need be sacrificed if expert attention is given in time. The science of tree surgery owes its existence to John Davey. It is properly practiced only by the trained men who operate under the direction of the organization which he founded. These men can be employed on reasonable terms—their services cost /zttle compared with the big amounts they save to tree owners. The Davey Experts Save Money to Tree Owners By Saving Their Trees If you own an estate with fine trees, write us in reference to their treatment. State how many trees you have of each kind, and where located. A beautiful booklet on tree surgery will be sent you and if mutually satisfactory, a careful inspection of your trees by one of our experts will be arranged for. The Davey Tree Expert CGo., Inc., OLIVER CHILLED PLOW WORKS Chilled and Steel Walking and Riding Plows. South Bend, Ind., Feb. 4, 1911 The Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, Ohio. GENTLEMEN :— Answering your inquiry of Tebruary 3rd will say that the trees treated by your experts are doing nicely and I consider the treatment a success. One fine tree in particular would have been a total loss has 1t nct been treated, but now it is heal- ing over and apparently 1s in good healthy condition. Very truly yours, J. D. OLIVER. 126 Ash St., Kent, Ohio (Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery) ners JULY, 1911 MUNN AND COMPANY, lnc., Publishers Vol. VIIL, N NEW YORK, N. Y. HALL CLOCKS @ We have one of the finest lines of Hall Clocks that can be seen in this country. This photograph is one of our latest designs, and will appeal to those who desire a plain and substantial case, something that will always look well, and will never be out of style. We have twenty patterns. @ We also make a fine “Willard” or Banjo Clock, and several other kinds. = YouCan PayMore But You Can’t Buy More A i, HAT’S because Fir is famous the world over for its ready adaptabil- ity to all the rich old finishes of the expensive hard woods. Also because only the finest quality O/d- Growth Yellow Fir goes into Chehalis Fir Doors Age and experience goin; beauty, ser- vice, economy, come out. That’s why some of the most lavishly furnished hotels on the coast are fin- ished in Fir and hung with Chehalis Fir Doors. They swing true as long as on hinges. Built with vertical grain stiles and rails, and slash grain panels—the only door in which the woods of all five panels are picked .o match. Send for Catalog (C) It will tell you things of deep interest if you are building. A dime will also bring samples of the natural woods done in walnut, mahogany or oak. Tell us your architect’s or dealer’s name when you write. Please write tonight. @ If your local jeweler does not sell our clocks, send direct for our new illustrated catalog. Chehalis Fir Door Company Chehalis, Wash. Waltham Clock Co. OFFICE AND SALESROOMS Waltham, Massachusetts The Scientific American Boy at School By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. Price, $2.00 Postpaid An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the An Important Factor In the success of a magazine is the enthusiasm of its readers. In the past many new names have been added to our list as a result of the enthusiasm of our subscribers, hence we have evolved a plan by which Holidays they may be benefited in return for the aid they give us in increasing the circulation of “American Homes and Gardens.” HIS book is a sequel to ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand ‘)' copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has Here is the way: Simply send us the names of the people whom you think will be interested in “American Homes and Gardens” and we will do the rest. An accurate record will be kept of all lists re- ceived and for each new subscription we receive from the names sent to us, we will extend the subscription of the person who sent us the list for four months. Thus if we receive three new subscriptions from any list we will extend the subscription of the person who sent us the list for a full year. Always be careful to write your own name and address on each list you send us. Send as many names as you wish, the more names you send us the larger the number of subscriptions we will probably receive and consequently the longer will be the period for which your personal subscription will be extended. Mail all lists to Circulation Department, American . Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York City. assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy’’ so popular and interesting to the boy. It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams. bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- ing is a list of the chapters : Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter IJ., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; Chapter IV., The Lake "House ; Chapter Vie A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A “Pedal Paddle-Boat”’; Chapter VIII, Surveying; Chapter IX, Sounding the Lake ; Chapter Ky Signaling Systems ; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge ; Chapter XII, The Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII., The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and ‘Chapter XXVIL., Geyser Fountain. MUNN & CO., Publishers : 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY July, 1911 UP-TO-DATE PEARL DIVING NE by one industries of various kinds, about which for centuries there has clung the atmosphere of romance, are losing their glamor, by reason of the ad- vancement of practical science. For in- stance, pearl diving. The era of naked divers exposed to peril from sharks has passed away; modern progress equips the pearler with a suit of India rubber, copper breastplate, with leaden weights back and front; helmet, glass paneled and with tele- phonic attachments; air pipes, life lines and a submarine searchlight. Thus fur- nished forth, the pearl diver may spend six or eight hours at the bottom of the sea, whereas in other times three minutes made a record. Although pearls are found in nearly all molluscs and even in univalves, like the Australian haliotis, a kind of barnacle, true pearls are produced only by the pearl oyster or mother of pearl shell. The latter is really the diver’s bread and butter. The shells are nearly as large as a dinner plate and weigh two pounds when cleaned. They fetch from $500 to $750 a ton. The ancient fisheries were chiefly in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, but nowa- days the best pearls come from Ceylon and from Australian waters, especially Torres Straits. Pearl fishing in Ceylon is a gov- ernment monopoly. In March tthe fleet starts for the pearling grounds, each vessel with twenty_or thirty divers and their as- sistants. But the headquarters of pearling are to be found in the desolate country ex- tending from Exmouth Gulf to King Sound, in Western Australia. Chinese and Malays as well as tribes of native blacks are there to-day, but the old nude divers, the reign of terror and piracy where a large haul was made, these and similar conditions have passed away, giv- ing place to fleets of luggers carrying mod- ern diving outfits and representatives of capitalists in the person of the master pearlers. Here is 600 miles of coast line, with perhaps 3,000 hardy adventurers en- gaged in the pearl trade. There are some thousands of Japanese, Manilamen, Malays, and men of other races, acting chiefly as crews for the vessels. The vessels are schooner rigged and from seven to fourteen tons burden. Each carries a master diver and a crew of four, one of whom is the diver’s assistant and works the air pumps. The shells are found on ledges about ninety feet down in the sea, but they are far more plentiful at greater depths. Fortune awaits the inventor of a diving apparatus that will enable the pearler to work in com- fort a hundred fathoms down. A good day’s work is anything more than two hundred pairs of shells. The business is absolutely speculative. One diver may gather ton after ton of shells without secur- ing anything of greater value than a few seed pearls, while another may take a for- tune out of a day’s gathering. The most famous pearl discovered in Australia of late years is known as the Southern Cross. It consists of a cluster of nine pearls in the shape of a cross. This freak of nature was picked up at low water on the Lacipede Island by a beachcomber, who, after burying it for some time for superstitious reasons, sold it for $50. It afterwards brought $50,000. The worst enemy the Australian pearl divers have are the storms that annually visit the coast. As to sharks, they rarely attack a diver in modern dress, and he can always frighten them off by letting a few air bubbles out of his dress.. Other enemies AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS this as well as ao— that the average cigaret is not a smoking proposition, but a selling proposition. The Makaroff business is different. \ started the manu- facture of Makarofi Russian Cigarets because that was the only way I could be sure of getting the kind of cigarets I wanted. [thas grown because there are a lot of other folks who want that kind of a cigaret. And the number grows just as fast as people find out what kind of a cigaret Makaroff 1s. Just let this fact sink into your consciousness and stay there—this business is and always will be operated to make a certain kind of cigarets—not merely to do acertain amount of business. I always have believed that if we produced the quality, the public would produce the sales. And that faith has been justified. Makaroffs are really different from other cigarets — and the ditfer- ence is all in your favor. You will find that you can smoke as many Makaroffs as you want with- out any of the nervousness, depression or ‘‘craving’’ that follows the use of ordinary cigarets. Makaroffs are absolutely pure, clean, sweet, % anything whatever to give them artificial flavor, them burn. Pure tobacco won’t hurt you. You may not be used to it, and you may not like the first Makaroff, but you’ll like the second one better, and you'll stick to Makaroffs forever if you once give them a fair chance. We have built this business on quality in the goods and intelligence in the smoker—a com- bination that simply can’t lose. No. 15 is 15 Cents— No. 25 is a Quarter Plain or Cork Tips untouched by or to make mild tobacco, sweetness, Ask Sa at Awe) C2 ren As\ Your Your Dealer Mail address, 18 Elm Street—Bos.on, Mass. Dealer ZhT-H.BrookseCo. ccle.0 Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. Senp 6r CATALOGUES All Cement Floors Need Dexter Brothers’ Petrifax Cement Copting There is bound to be more or less pow dering. annoying, but is injurious to the throat and lung Two coats of Petrifax make a sure and la Be sure the word PETRIFAX ake dust is not only Santee remedy ah Ww ishable, and prevents hard surface that will not crack or pecl. spotting from oil or grease. Especially adapted to use in garages iuiis and public buildings. - 40 Petrifax is the exact color of cement. Also made in white andgevay shades, , factories, hospitals, gymnas- Write for an interesting booklet 113 Broad St., Dexter Brothers Co., 3138" Woe! 1133 Broadway, N.Y. 218 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. Makers of Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains ee Pe Z ; é AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; E. B. Totten . Shae oe f. : Tee Security Bldg., St. Louis; Carolina I ment ¢ am 2 eh Birmingham & Montgomery, Ala., ( ton, S. C,, New Orleans, La., and Atl Kin Studebaker Warerooms, New York, N. We San F ransisco, Cal., Hoffschlager, Hon rs. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 logue free. To the Real Owners of Niagara Falls OUR property is in danger. You must act quickly if you would save for yourselves and the Nation one of the most magnificent pieces of scenery in the world—Niagara Falls—which draws each year more than a million visitors—a great army of travelers who spend Twenty-five Millions of dollars there and on the way. This vast income will increase if the Falls remain as a great spectacle. Would it be good business to destroy the source of such an income? Here Is the Danger The Falls have “‘unquestionably been seriously injured by the diversions already made by the Power Companies, to run their giant turbines. This is the formal report of the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, after two years of accurate measurements and records. And he reports that ‘‘additional diversions, now under way, will add to the damage.”’ The American Fall is very thin in places. The Bridal Veil is less in volume. Hundreds of feet on the Horseshoe Fall are barely covered. Portions of the Rapids are much less impressive. The Power Companies, seeing an opportunity to increase their income more than Five Millions of dollars annually, are fighting the reénactment of the Burton Bill, which expires June 29, 1911. They want now the maximum limit of water allowed under our Waterways Treaty with Canada. This would mean an INCREASED DRAIN on the Falls of SEIXTY- EIGHT PER CENT beyond the amount of water now taken by these corporations. They also want the limit removed on the transmission of power from Canada. It Is to Your Interest to have Mr. Burton’s Senate Joint Resolution 3 passed without amendment, thereby preventing the passage of measures that would benefit only a few private corporations at the expense and the shame of the whole American people. The Burton Bill, passed in 1906 and extended in 1909, was more than fair to the Power Companies. It gave them all the water they could then use, or were preparing to use. It did not stop any going enterprise. The Burton Resolution will continue permanently these fair, just, and protective provisions of the original Burton Bill. Will You Help to save this great National Asset from the Aggressions of Forty Millions of power-company capital? Write or wire your Senators or Representatives in Congress. DO IT TODAY. Write for further facts to the American Civic Association, which first called President Roosevelt’s attention to the National ownership of Niagara. Send us copies of the replies you get. We are fighting for your rights and we need your assistance. Protect your own interests by using a dozen postage stamps. Tell your friends. AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION J. HORACE McFARLAND, President S14) Unione lrust Building RICHARD B. WATROUS, Secretary Whiner D.C WILLIAM B. HOWLAND, Treasurer ashington, D.C. ” The Luden Glass Dome Pneumatic Cleaner Thorough, Durable, Reliable You can see it breathing in dirt through its Glass Dome J The Price is Fifteen Dollars keep. Highest type. Write us for Illustrated Circular and Address of nearest dealer Luden Pneumatic Cleaner 423A Buttonwood St., Reading, Pa. catalogue free. Dept. W, ACBETH makes over three thousand styles of Electric Light Shades and Globes, and a Lamp Chimney for every size burner. Cata- Address MACBETH, Pittsburgh CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS Shetland Ponies An unceasing source o yleasure and robust health » children. Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to plete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated BELLE MEADE FARM Markham, Va. ANTIQUES A very large stock of OLD CHINA, Old Mahogany Furniture, Shefheld Plate, Old Blue Quilts, Copper, Brass and Pewter, Old Glassware, Brass Andirons, Jardinieres. Many Old Prints. Antique Jewelry. My New Catalogue contains descriptions and prices of hun- dreds of Antiques, sent free to any one interested. Mrs. ADA M. ROBERTS Washington New Hampshire Prices marked in plain figures will always be found EXCEED- INGLY LOW when compared with the best values obtainable elsewhere Geo. C. Funt Co. 43-47West 23°ST. 24-28 West 24"Sr are the sea snakes, the smaller octopi, the stingray and the blowfish. : After a day’s take of shell has been con- veyed ashore the shell opener begins work at once. The pay of the men is $30 a month, plus ten per cent on the value of the pearls found. Some idea of the magnitude of the industry may be obtained on learning that in one year five hundred and twenty luggers paid an annual five-dollar license to engage in the trade, and that they took many thousands of tons of pearl shell; while as to the pearls themselves, the cus- toms duties in the pearl town of Broome exceeded $5,000 a month. The treasury authorities of Western Aus- tralia estimate that they receive at least $100,000 a year in dues from the pearlers. Hardly a month passes without the discov- ery of pearls having a market value of from $5,000 to $15,000 each. A beautiful pink pear-shaped specimen weighing two hun- dred and six grains was found last season and sold for $80,000. Before setting, pearls are classified ac- cording to size on a setting board, and the delicate work of drilling a valuable speci- men is invariably done by an old-fashioned hand apparatus. Moreover, no matter how valuable a set of pearls may be they are invariably strung on fine silk thread. Inland pearl fishing forms no mean in- dustry in this country. Although pearls have been gathered from the fresh water mussels of our country as far back as the time of the aborigines, yet the hunt for them did not be- come systematic and general until shortly after the middle of the last century. Since then nearly every stream east of the Rockies has been prospected in the search for these valuable parasites of the pearl mussel. One of the finest pearls ever secured in the fresh waters of the United States was found in Notch Brook, near Paterson, New Jersey, in 1857. It weighed ninety-three grains. Subsequently it became known as the Queen pearl, and was sold for $2,500 to the Empress Eugenie. Owing to the great increase in the value of pearls in re- cent years, it is now worth more than five times that amount. Shortly after the year mentioned what was probably the largest pearl ever found in these waters was taken in the same brook. A CATSKIN CARRIAGE ROBE AVE you ever seen a catskin car- riage robe with the skins in their natural colors? If not, you would be as much surprised at its beauty as the writer was, when a young nephew who was visiting me from the country brought his robe out for admiration. It was really beautiful, but it seemed also remarkable as the handiwork of a boy not yet seven- teen. He had bagged the cats of all the neighborhood, killed them and tanned the skins. But the lining was still more remarkable. It was of blanket-like ma- terial, and this boy had himself taken the wool as it came from the sheep, washed it, dyed it, spun it into yarn, put the yarn on a loom, and had woven it into the cloth, thus alone completing the production of the cloth lining. His father had a small woolen mill driven by a water wheel and covering a floor space of probably 40x60. In these days, when the large factories specialize labor so that different persons perform the different steps in the produc- tion of a cloth, it seemed remarkable that the boy should have, single handed, con- verted the raw material into the beautifui finished article. July, rg11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ili NO WELL-GROUNDED COMPLAINT AGAINST THE FARMER FTER presenting many details with regard to the increase of prices on farm products between farmer and consumer, the Secretary of Agriculture de- clares that ‘‘the conclusion is inevitable that the consumer has no well-grounded com- plaint against the farmer for the prices that he pays. The farmer supplies the capital for production and takes the risk of his losses; his crops are at the mercy of drought, and flood, and heat, and frost, to say nothing of noxious insects and blighting diseases. He supplies hard, exacting, unre- mitting labor. A degree and range of infor- mation and intelligence are demanded by ag- riculture which are hardly equaled in any other occupation. Then there is the risk of overproduction and disastrously low prices. From beginning to end the farmer must steer dexterously to escape perils to his profits, and indeed to his capital, on every hand. At last the products are started on their way to the consumer. The railroad, generally speaking, adds a percentage of in- crease to the farmer’s prices that is not large. After delivery by the railroad the products are stored a short time, are measured into the various retail quantities, more or less small, and the dealers are rid of them as soon as possible. The dealers have risks that are practically small, except credit sales, and such risks as grow out of their trying to do an amount of business which is small as compared with their number.” In continuation of this subject, the Sec- retary of Agriculture suggests that the prob- lem of high prices is one for treatment by the consumer. “Why do not consumers buy directly from the farmers?’ he asks. “A distribution of farm products in this simple way has already begun in England where co-operative organizations of far- mers are selling by direct consignment to co-operative organizations of consumers in cities. Farmers’ co-operative selling asso- ciations are numerous in this country, but co-operative buying associations among the people of cities and towns are few. Aside from buying associations maintained by far- mers, hardly any exist in this country. It is apparent, therefore, that the consumer has much to do to work out his own salva- tion with regard to the prices that he pays. Potatoes were selling last spring in some places where there had been overproduction for 20 cents and in some places for even 9 cents per bushel at the farm, while at the same time city consumers in the East were paying 50 to 75 cents per bushel, although there was nothing to prevent them from combining to buy a carload or more of potatoes directly from the grower and for direct delivery.” NEW FORAGE CROPS Many new forage crops from all parts of the world are being tested every year. Only a few of these possess sufficient value to compete with the crops now grown. Four such plants, however, recently introduced, have given such admirable results that there can be little question that they will prove of great value. Experience of the last three years has shown that Rhodes grass is es- pecially adapted to the Gulf coast region. In southern Florida three cuttings have been made during the winter months and as many as six during the entire season. This grass has fine upright stems and good seed habits and should be extensively cultivated in this region. WEET as the lily that blooms in July—light as the golden sunbeam— delicious as the fairy-food of fancy are NABISCO Sugar Wafers —the one confection that accords with any dessert. Nabisco’s crisp daintiness makes ices and beverages seem more refreshing and far more enjoyable. In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins NATIONAL BISCUIT —_ COMPANY 3 ™ rchitect, New York. The Book of 100 Houses Sent free to anyone who intends to build. This book contains photographic views of over 100 houses of all kinds (from the smallest camps and bungalows to the largest residences) in all parts of the country, that have been stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains. They are designed by leading architects and are full of ideas and suggestions of interest and value to those who contemplate building. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. Sole Manufacturers, 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points. VACUUM CLEANERS Broomell’s Victory Stationary We manufacture Electric Stationary Cleaners for buildings of any size or kind. We make a specialty of residence work; and our machines can be installed in old or new houses without expert help. We manufacture a Stationary for use with Gasoline Engine or other power, especially adapted to country homes, The VICTOR Electric Portable is a very powerful handsomely finished machine. ‘*‘ ' 775 the finest in the land.”’ Send for printed matter. Tis Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY, YORK, PA. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 Py aes Hf: RRS ns tk ERTS I CONNECTICUT VIRGINIA NEW YORK COLONIAL ESTATES Greenwich, Conn, | .senectiat8stuy Home | Md. PRODUCTIVE FARMs|¥*"| |Do You Want To Sell u ‘ rege Largest exclusive dealers in the South A Building Lot Charmingly located, fine train service and everything the best A Country Seat bought here for a Home, or for an In- Agencies at all principal points A House vestment, is by far the Best that America can afford May I have the early opportunity to show you around? SOULE REALTY COMPANY A Farm or | laurence Timmons, Oop: RAR. Station, Telephone 456 nn M eee D.C. An Estate ? “ANTRIM” FOR SALE @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & “c AD 5 ‘cc This charming Country Estate of one hundred Gardens" new Advertising Section The acres of most fertile land, beautiful old Colonial Real Estate Mart brick residence of sixteen rooms and bath, bil- Will Be Read by People Who Want liard room, and all modern conveniences, only ' TO BUY! one mile from Warrenton, Virginia, must be PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED sold. There is a large stable, cow barn, rac- ing stable, and all necessary out-buildings. Eight hundred acres adjoining, may be pur- Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” “""AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS chased, making one of the most attractive Estates 361 Broadway, New York,N. Y. ~ At Stamford, Conn. LARGE AND SMALL FARMS SHORE AND COUNTRY HOMES BEAUTIFUL BUILDING SITES OVER- LOOKING THE SOUND E.P. JORDAN, set bx. in Virginia. For detailed description of this and many other large, and small farms, orchard properties, grazing lands etc., write to, HARRY M. HUBBELL Warrenton, Fauquier Co., Virginia The ideal home —the Cocopomelo, designed and constructed by us, is now in Northern waters after seven pleasurable months spent in The South, So satisfactory has this perfected type of houseboat \ been in homelikeness, comfort, speed and ‘‘go-anywhere-ness’’ that we have now in course of construction a ninety-foot houseboat and one seventy-seven feet long, along the same general lines. Do You Want to Purchase A Home? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. Write today for booklet on the Cocopomelo type of houseboat. Mathis Yacht Building Co. Specialists in 60 to 100 ft. Cruisers and Houseboats Delaware River and Front St., Camden, N. J. wer Beat’ pee ae } ¥ WHEN IN BOSTON Stop at Hotel Victoria Cor. Dartmouth and Newbury Sts. If you are looking for a place in THE COUNTRY and have settled on a certain section, but are not in touch with a Reliable Real Estate @ One half block from Copley Sq. Two minutes walk to Public Library, Trinity Church and Back Bay Stations. In center of the Back Bay district, and particularly accessible for automobilists. Agent, tell your story to us and our assistance and suggestions are yours, free. @ Surface cars pass within half block of Hotel, connecting in subway for all parts of city and suburbs. THE REAL ESTATE MART 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY European Plan THOMAS O. PAIGE, Manager DINING ROOM ae C e 12°47«10°4 170% 110" s = LIBRARY . 13°87 134" | ‘-) \ 23'0"x 13'6” FIRST FLOOR SECOND FLOOR This modern residence, on plot 100x128 feet, contains 12 rooms and 2 baths; 40 feet of piazza, 8 feet wide; a garage 16x25 feet; located in the northern part of Yonkers; commands a beautiful, unob- structed view up the Hudson River and picturesque Palisades. House is heated throughout by hot water system with radiator in every room, fire place in library and mantle in parlor. Plumbing all modern with open fixtures, 2 porcelain lined bath tubs and wash basin on first floor under stair, 3 porcelain wash tubs in cellar laundry. Electric light and gas throughout with two way switches for hall and single switches for principal rooms. Electric bells at first, second and attic floors with annunciator in kitchen. There is an abundance of closet room. First oor hardwood throughout, other floors cypress. A well laid driveway on east side of house leads to the garage which is also equipped with electric light. Price: Fifteen Thousand Dollars ($15,000). For further particulars apply to: en ee ee FOR SAE S-O: 34 MORSEM- YONKER a Ch h ra) c Z, BZ = ee ae Rnaee Sow x q (ah It Saas ae . is i -: ge } i ny x = July, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WOOD PULP OOD fibre has come into generai use as a substitute for the cotton rags and other materials former- ly employ edi in the making of paper. This fiber is called pulp, Ravine taken the name which used to be given to the cotton and linen fiber when it had been prepared by maceration for spreading into sheets of paper. The wood fiber used to be prepared, not so many years ago, by a wholly mechan- ical process. The “blocks of wood were ground or rasped off by action applied obliquely to the grain. The length of fiber depended partly upon the angle at which the block was held during this process. In place of the old mode of obtaining wood pulp, chemical treatment of the wood is now in vogue. As formerly, the bark is stripped from the wood to secure fibers of uniform quality. All discolored or decayed parts are removed for the same reason. Then the wood is cut across the grain into thin chips, which are carried to the top of the mill and dropped into large drums about fourteen feet in dia meter and twenty-four feet long. The drums are made strong enough to bear a pressure of from seventy-five to two hundred pounds to the square inch. When a drum is packed full of chips it is filled with sulphuric acid and other chemicals. The wood is converted into a cotton-like product, which is then pressed dry and mashed. It is next mixed with water, rolled flat, and cut into shape for bundling. In this condition it is said to be made up of sixty per cent. moisture and forty per cent. fiber. In this shape it goes to the paper mill. Generally speaking, it is found better to pay the freight on the contained water than to cheapen the cost of transportation by pressing out the water, for the pulp packs hard when it is dry. One cord of spruce wood is estimated to make twelve hundred pounds of dry fiber. THE ASIATIC BRICK E SHOULD hardly expect to learn much of the arts of civil- ized life from the tribes of Cen- tral Asia, yet, it seems, they make better brick than we turn out. The barbarians employ the same material that we do, and, curiously enough, the thing that imparts superiority to their process of brick mak- ing is one of the most powerful agents of western civilization—steam. When the Asiatics have baked their bricks for three days, the opening of the oven is closed with felt which is kept wet, so that the bricks still intensely heated are enveloped in steam. The process causes a _ remarkable change in the character of the bricks. From red they turn gray, and at the same time acquire a remarkable degree of toughness and hardness. Although por- ous, they give out a sound, when struck, like that of clink stone; and they are said to resist the effects of weather much bet- ter than do the bricks of western make. Necessity was the mother of invention in this case, for the climate in which these ingenious Mongols live is subject to great extremes of temperature, having a dis- astrous effect upon bricks made by the ordinary process. If you expect to build or i i Hardware The beauty of a house interior is greatly enhanced by artistic hard- ware. Doors and windows should be fitted with graceful designs, _harmonizing truly with the : architecture and dec- _orative schemes. Sargent Hardware offers the widest variety of handsome patterns. remodel, write for. the Sargent Book of Designs— mailed free—and with the guid- ance Of your architect select pat- terns that satisfy your own desire for dignity and beauty. Our Colonial Book also will be— sent if you mention an interest in that period. SARGENT & COMPANY 156 Leonard St., New York \\| Doors with their surroundings. | tiful full page interiors and exteriors shown J in this new book are true examples of the *) best in all styles of architecture. \) prominence has been given to the Crafts- ‘|; man style because of its great popularity. | which guarantees quality, ; satisfaction. ‘| tractors know them and will furnish them if you 4) specify and insist. \ Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. Bathroom Door Plate with Colonial Glass Knob 7 a | } _ Sargent Locks « are e safe, ah smooth-working. |e PON nO This Tilusteation (which is much reduced in size) is from our || new 48-page portfolio of large illustrations —‘‘The Door Beautiful’? showing Morgan The beau- Much il are the best doors made and the book tells why Ni they are the cheapest for permanent satisfaction §* | in beauty, strength and wear in any building. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” style, durability and All first-class architects and con- Send for a copy of this fine book—it is free—and we want everyone who is inter- ested in building to see and have it. It is full of ideas for stunning interiors and exteriors. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md. ) Morgan Doors handled by dealers who do not substitute | vi AMERIC AN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 Write for our Free Book on Home Refrigeration gi This book tells how to select the Home Refrigerator, how to know the poor from the good, how to keep down ice bills, how to keep a Refrigerator sani- tary and sweet—lots of things you should know before buying any Refrigerator. It also tells allabout the “Monroe” with food compartments ‘ Always sold DIRECT made in ene piFer ot * — and at Factory Prices. soll unbreakable WhitePorcelain Ware Cash or Monthly Payments over an inch thick, with every corner rounded—no cracks or crevices anywhere, and as easy to keep clean as a china bowl. The leading hospitals use the ‘ ‘Mon- roe” exclusively, and itis found in a large majority of the best homes. The“‘Monroe” is never sold in stores, but direct from the factory to you on our liberal trial offer, Freight Prepaid. Easy Payments. We are makinga radical departure this year from our rule of all cash with order, and sell the “Monroe’”’ on our liberal credit terms, to all desiring to buy that way. Just say ‘‘ Send Monroe Book’’ ona postal card and it will go to you by next mail. Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station P., Lockland, O. of Poreuinin Ware iit THREAD are made seamless, of pure wool or camel’s hair, in any width up to | and THREAD THRUM ey _ RUGS 16 FEET RUGS and in any length, color, or com- bination of colors. 65 regular shades—any other shading made to match. Send for color card. “You choose the Alold, Constable & Co., Selling Agents, New York colors,we'll make Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. the rug.”’ PROTEC Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write ur—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. o.S.F.S.1S ON. Bristol’s Recording Thermometers Continuously and automatically record indoor and outdoor atmos- pheric temperatures. Useful and ornamental for cuuntry homes. Write for illustrated Bulletin No. 124 and No. 125. THE BRISTOL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut THREE THINGS YOU NEED FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in heavy galvanized bucket with bail. Odor- . less, proof against rats, cats and dogs, or Z the smaller, death dealing pest, the house Opens with the Foot gy, Health demands it. SH: Underground Garbage Receiver SS | indrtler Refuse Receiver as [Underground Earth EOS SECOND: This re convenient way of disposing of kitchen ashes, cellar and yard refuse, does away with the ash or dirtbarrel nuisance. Stores your oily waste and sweepings. Fireproof, fush with garage floor. THIRD: Itsupplies a safe and sanitary method to keep your water supply safe from pollution. It prevents danger from the house or typhoid fly, around camp or farm, disseminating its poisonous germs to your family. NineYears in practical use. It pays to look us up Sold Direct. Send for Circulars on each Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg. 21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass, Easy to sweep into A Camp Necessity THE SHAPES OF EGGS HERE was recently had before the Zoological Society of London a mathe- in the shapes of eggs. A few eggs, like those of the owl and the tortoise, are spherical, or nearly so; a few, like the grebe’s or the cor- morant’s, are eliptical, with symmetrical ends; the great majority, like the hen’s, are ovoid, or blunter at one end than the other. The hen’s egg is always laid blunt end fore- most. Eggs that are most unsymmetrical are also eggs of large size relatively to the parent bird. The yolks of eggs are spherical, whatever the form of the entire egg may be. This has been shown to be due to their being enclosed in a fluid, the “white,” which makes the pressure everywhere on the sur- face of the yolk practically constant. FARM ENGINES HE agricultural commission of the French Automobile Club holds a con- course every six years, and gives prizes to cultivators who make the best use of gasoline motors for farm work. It is especially desired to encourage small plants which are mounted by the farmer himself and show an ingenious use of the motors. M. Yvonnet-Thovareck received the first prize for a very well designed plant where a. 1% horsepower motor can drive no less than nine farm devices, such as straw cut- ter, root cutter, crusher, grindstone, circu- lar saw, well pump, besides various dairy machines. All these are in the same build- ing and are belted to different counter- shafts. This gives him $600 yearly saving. M. Thiebaut uses a second-hand tricycle motor for a thresher and other devices. For plants of this kind the commission awarded sixteen medals or cash prizes. THE ART OF FELLING CHIMNEYS N interesting method of felling lofty chimneys is practiced inEngland. The originator of this method, a Manches- ter man, is credited with having felled, with- out accident, more than 100 chimneys which for one reason or another had become use- less. Some of these were from 200 to 250 feet in height. The method consists in re- moving the stones or brick near the foot of the chimney and substituting an under- pinning of wood, which is afterwards set on fire. About two-thirds of the area of the base is removed up to a height of 5 or 6 feet, so that most of the weight rests upon the underpinning. Experience has shown that when the work is properly done the chimney leans slightly toward the side where the underpinning is inserted, and when a slight crack appears in the masonry on the opposite side the time has come for the fire to be applied. As the chimney falls it partially telescopes in consequence of the shock produced by dropping into the void left by the burned timbers. ARTIFICIAL FURS yx NEW process for producing artifi- cial furs is described in La Nature. The raw pieces of pelt are frozen, and the skin carefully shaved off, thawed and sent to the tanneries to be made into leather. The frozen fur which remains is allowed to thaw slightly at the bottom, so that a small part of the hair is freed from ice. This thawed portion is then covered with a solution of rubber, which is allowed to set. The result is that large seamless pieces of fur are obtained much cheaper than those which come with the natural skin. matical discussion of the differences | Portable Fireproof Garage isthe only absolutely fire- proot portable garage. Made entirely of galvanized steel. No wood. Ashand- some and substantial as masonry at one-half to one- third the cost. Lasts a lifetime. You can put up or take down in a few hours. All parts interlock and no frame work or foundation is required. EVERY INCH A SUBSTANTIAL, FIREPROOF, PORTABLE BUILDING. By the PRUDEN SYSTEM of Portable Fire- proof Construction we also build ideal cottages, hunting lodges, boat houses, work shops, etc, Every Pruden Building is guaranteed. Write us the name of BGET OUR FREE CATALOG (te ee number for catalog and price of suitable size garage. Write today. # METAL SHELTER CO., 5-60 W. Water St., St. Paul, Minn. STAN DING SEAM CLINCH right through the | standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Cireular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA The Schilling Press Printers BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25th ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" ys line eee i Meena | ERS Ashiand, Ohie HA Tass TOOLS ais Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK OIST HANGERS AWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND. OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock _ ance ead assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Bote Manuracturers ... NEW HAVEN, CONN. July, tort ee \ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii Ml Ae UBD DD) = ( wl {MU Ci SPECIAL FEATURE ISSUES OF AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HE policy of the publishers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GarpeENs for the coming year is to make a special feature each month of one particular article pre- pared by a well-known author and to be properly illustrated. By this means we shall be able to accomplish a larger work and to render greater service to our readers than can be obtained in any other way. In carrying out this plan it is the intention not to disturb the regular course of our usual method of publication more than is indicated in the present announcement. AUGUST}ENUMBER HE subject which is to be specialized in the August issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is “The Management of the Water Supply for the Country House.” This is a very timely subject. It is one that will appeal to those who are interested in the attainment of an adequate supply of good water for their country homes and there is none more important or essential to be considered in the selection of a site for the building of a country house. John F. Springer has prepared an excellent paper on the subject, which is profusely illustrated by photographic views, showing the various systems, from wind-mill power up to the automatic water supply. There is no question but that the various systems presented in this paper are within the reach of any one who owns or contemplates owning a place in the country which may be situated outside of the limit usually supplied by local water companies. It is a subject worth the information given, and Mr. Springer tells it in a very practical and readable way, and shows by illustrations how the means may be easily and properly supplied to country dwellings in different localities and conditions of supply. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HE three salient points which the reader should con- sider before subscribing to a magazine are the merits of the book, its utility to him personally and the price of the publication. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS occupies a position in the magazine field which is unique; unique, for the reason that it stands on its own merits and not on the methods pursued by the publishers of other magazines of its class) AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS is a home paper. Its pages are dedicated to the home, its decoration, its furnishing, its equipment, and to the planning and beautifying of the home grounds. A comparison of its pages with those of other magazines that make an attempt to follow its example, are too obvious to merit more comment. The editor of one of the leading Western magazines wrote to the publishers, stating that he ‘‘con- sidered the Annual Small House Number the finest issue of its kind that he had ever seen.” It is certainly gratifying to receive this kind of an endorsement from so experienced an authority, and the publishers were pleased to learn of addi- tional proof that it is fulfilling the demand for the class of literature and of art that is presented in its pages. AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS stands for the best in home-building. Every page contains a suggestion for the home. It teaches the beauty of building the house; it ex- presses the charm and the scope of developing the home grounds; it gives helpful advice as to some of the best methods to use in decorating and furnishing the interior of the home; it presents articles of a more intimate character such as the arrangement of the table and the preparation of foods; all of which are prepared by the best expert writers on the various subjects, which are presented in an intelligent and readable manner. THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME HE subject of the production and care of milk is so prominently before the public at the present time that we believe the publication of a paper on the sub- ject will be of interest to our readers and will be helpful in bringing about better conditions for the care of milk after delivery by the dealer. The article which is presented in the pages of this issue, gives the detailed information on the proper care of milk which is one of the most perishable and the most valuable foods. THE BOY GARDENERS LL over the land there is a new and keen interest in gardening. Many schools have made gardening a part of the regular school course, the object being to stimulate and aid childrens’ home gardens and, incidentally, the care and improvement of the home yards. To plant a garden is a natural impulse with children. They take to it voluntarily and with enthusiasm. Just to handle the cool, clean earth, and sow little seeds is to have the joy of seeing and touching real things. The appearance of the first leaf of the tiny shoots in our school gardens is a time of rejoicing. Those of an inquiring mind are impelled to take the plants out of the earth now and then, to see how they are getting on. Garden training is a good thing for a boy, as it is a most important factor in the development of character, for with the proper training the child raises with a crop of flowers and vegetables, a harvest of patience, perseverance, unself- ishness and bodily strength. I believe that school gardens should be connected with every elementary school wherever practical, so as to make, in a social way, a closer relationship between the school and the home. Vill —————————— 1O'O!'O!'O!'O"'@"'O''O"'O"/O"'O!'O!'O!'O!O:O!'O*"0" OTT'S PLUMBING 7 w@rtr uw wr a uw w@t' VWwtretr 17@''@*"@!'"@''@!"@!'@!'@:'@*", ~ x 1@!'@''@'.@!'@"'O!.@!'@"'O''O''O"'0!'O"' D © S.@*.@37O!'O!'O!'O!7O!'O!'O""O!"O!O''O''O''O''O:'S@ CYRCYR YR YR YR YR YR RN YI YN RYN I NS al A BOOK YOU SHOULD HAVE ET this book before you plan your bathroom. It pictures and describes 24 model bathroom interiors, ranging in cost from $74 to $3,000. Each illustra- tion shows clearly every detail of equipment. Accom- panying is a description of each separate fixture shown, with the price. Animportant feature of “Modern Plumbing’”’ isan authoritative article on Imperial and Vitreous Porcelain and Enameled Iron plumbing fixtures. It shows where and how each should be used to secure the most satisfactory results. ROO OH HK) “MODERN PLUMBING’? is of value to every house owner. It will be sent on request, with 4 cents to cover postage. eb |e ee MOLT “TRON: AV ORISS 1911 BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit. Minneapolis, Washington, St. Louis, New Orleans, Denver, San Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Indianapolis and Pittsburgh. CANADA: 138° Blewury ‘Sit., GETTING GENUINE MOTT WARE, LABEL ON EACH PIECE. EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY NEW YORK a | I I EIT ON ON 1@11@7 ©1510 11@ 710101101 1O 11011110: 10; 10 1101101101 10110110; © 110 1:0 110110110110 1102101101101101:6 1.010 , 1828 FIFTH AVE. AND SEVENTEENTH ST., Montreal TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE LOOK FOR THE MOTT 1011 G 11011107 1011011021011) 2 1O 1501111021021 O76O11. O21 0110 71O 110110110 11011011 ©1.07.01.01:01:011071.0;.07501.01 Fol! @!10!'@!"O!:@!70!'O!'O*'O*@!'O!7@*.@!.O!'O:.O:1O:.O:'@:.O:'@::O":O::0!'0"'@ ent cas vane tans Sie ROPYN RT ANH nea oe ator aS illowcraft” Furniture (3%) Seca i yy is a distinct type of willow furniture at once clever and original in design bi : and workmanship. It is not a copy; it is a precedent. Consequently it is being extensively imitated, as all good things are. Naturally the imitations are cheap, unsatisfactory productions, built for the moment. ‘‘Willowcraft’’ is built to satisfy the most artistic tastes and give a lifetime of service. Ask your dealer for genuine ‘‘Willowcraft.’’ Look for the ‘‘Willowcraft’’ stamp beneath each piece. Illustrated catalogue, dealers and price list free. THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Box A. © YOU want to learn how to open, close and lock the shutters on your residence without raising the sash? Do you want to know how to open and close the shutters without admit- ting flies and insects? Do you want to know how to close your shutters without exposing yourself to rain or wind? Then write fo-day for booklet telling all about the Mallory Shutter Worker, which we will gladly send you /ree. MALLORY MANUFACTURING CO. FLEMINGTON, N. J. 297 BRIDGE STREET AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 FIG TREES IN THE SOUTH VERY home in the South, however ~, small, should have one or more fig ~ trees, for they are so easily grown, and produce three abundant crops each year. To protect from frost always plant on a sunny exposure and enrich the soil well, for, although they do very well without care, they prosper by cultivation. They are easily started from cuttings planted late in the fall, and remember that they will bear the second year if the central bud be pinched off early in the second spring. The little trees produce three crops every summer, the first being among the earliest fruits to ripen, and there is never a time in the summer when they are wholly with- out fruit. The crop of July and August is the largest, while the last, gathered late in the fall, when fresh fruits are scarce, is the sweetest of all, though the figs are smaller in size. From five bushy trees in her back yard a lady sold $50.00 worth last year, besides having all that she needed for preserving and eating in the home. The fruit cannot well be shipped in its fresh state, but is most easily preserved or dried and is well worth cultivating even on a small scale. A GARDEN SLATE GARDEN slate is one of the great- est joys to children when they have outgrown the sand-pile, and it is such an easy thing to put in. For this procure a large piece of slate any, size from two to five feet square, from the stone-cutter’s establishment. Select a pretty, shady part of the lawn and em- bed it in the grass. It looks pretty with the grass growing close around its edges, and the children invariably gather about it, not only using it for a tally sheet in their various games, but drawing upon it all manner of pictures. Let them keep their box of crayons in some handy outdoor nook, and in it several erasers and colored crayons as well as white. For out under the blue sky, with Nature for a teacher, the child’s fancy will find expression in painting its sketches. THE PAWPAW HE pawpaw is good for a back door garden, or anywhere that you throw slops or water; just where you would have a dahlia bed. The cran- berry and elder fill the odd corners, and you can let the barberry take care of it- self—which it will surely do. The mul- berry is long-lived, hearty, and likes the fat soils of swales and old gardens. The barberry is sometimes used for hedges, but this is not advisable, for the tree becomes bushy, and displays a ten- dency to die out in some of its shoots every year. Unless constantly watched and trimmed, it becomes unsightly. The cranberry or viburnum is brittle, and sometimes breaks in winter storms. The persimmon and mulberry alone require much room; each tree about twenty feet in diameter of space. Every one of the six affords bird food, which to the coun- try home maker is no small item. Our bird allies are to be provided for as much as our cows and horses; and this one will learn on getting anything like an ideal country home. — July, tgrt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS American Homes and Gardens for August The Management of the Water Supply for the Country House The special article for this issue will be a paper on the management of the water supply for the country house, by John F. Springer. It is an excellent and important contribution to the subject, and is well illustrated with views showing the various systems used in supplying water to the country house. The first thing that engages the attention of the country and the suburban resident, in connection with the water supply, is the water itself, and it is peculiarly a timely subject at present, and is one that ought to be of popu- lar interest to both the suburban and the country dweller. Home-Made Summer Furniture There is no doubt but that any man or woman with a kit of tools of small cost can easily make the subjects which are illustrated in the paper on Home-Made Summer Furniture, by Mary Edith Griswold. The article tells in a very simply way how these may be ac- complished, and the photographic views presented in the engravings show the results. It is a subject of seasonal value, and will be of interest to those who desire to secure convenient accessories to the summer home without the outlay of much money. Two Types of Stucco Houses There is no class of house that is of greater interest than the stucco, and the two which form the subject of this paper are particularly interesting for the reason that they represent two distinct styles, built in two dif- ferent parts of the country. Burr Bartram has described both of the houses in a most interesting way, giving such information as will be helpful to the pros- pective home-builder. How to Arrange Porch Trays Breaking away from non-essentials, novelty and dainty serving forms the secret of success for the home caterer in hot weather. Phebe Westcott Humphreys tells in her paper how decorative trays of spacious dimensions may be secured at a little cost, and how to arrange them for use at a porch entertainment. ‘The article tells how to arrange the trays and what to place upon them, and the engravings show how it may be attained. A Notable Home A house of notable importance is the one built for George D. Barron, Esq., at Rye, N. Y., which illus- trates an excellent paper by Barr Ferree, who describes the house in the most intimate manner, pointing out the essential features which go to make up so great an estate as the one which forms the subject for this article. It is a house worth knowing about; one that will be of interest to those who desire to learn something of a dwelling and garden of this type. Willow Furniture There is no more interesting feature for the summer home than the use of willow furniture. It is adaptable for the porch or for the indoor living-rooms. Willow chairs of the kind shown are excellent for bedroom use, as well as for the living-room. The article shows designs for dining tables, tea tables, sideboards, book- cases, settles and chairs, suitable for any part of the house. Vernon Powers has prepared a very instructive paper on this subject. A Model Settlement of Workingmen’s Houses The houses illustrated in this paper represent a small group of dwellings built in the vicinty of Chicago for the use of workingmen. ‘The interesting feature of the illustrations of these little dwellings is to show how it is possible to build a number of houses after one plan, and yet, by changing the kind of materials, a greater value is added to the general aspect of a suburban street. These houses are of low cost, and will be of in- terest to those who desire a home for a small sum of money. They are well described by Paul Thurston. Rustic Furniture for the Garden The fact that the majority of people fill their houses with seats and leave their gardens unfurnished is a puzzling one, for the reason that it is generally con- ceded that the garden is the pleasantest place in which to sit and rest. Helen Lukens Gaut writes interest- ingly on the subject, and shows by illustration the vari- ous forms of furniture which may be employed in a garden, and which will be helpful to those who would like to improve the beauty and comfort of their garden spot. The Counterfeiting of Art Objects The love of curios and antiques, which has become so widespread at the present day, has given rise to a new industry, thoroughly typical of modern techincal per- fection. ‘This is the science of preparing highly artistic counterfeit reproductions, a skill which, under the im- petus of most thriving business, has reached the highest level of modern attainment. Jacques Boyer has written an excellent paper on the subject, which is profusely illustrated, and which shows how the various works of art can be duplicated by the counterfeit reproductions. This article will be of peculiar interest to the collector, and will be a guard against being imposed upon when selecting curios or ancient art remains. The Value of Hedges for Home Grounds There are not many places in the suburban or country village but what are benefitted by a length of hedge in some part of the premises. In the ordinary home grounds of a few rods, or a few acres in extent, more or less space is devoted to a vegetable garden, which should be hedged. Ida D. Bennett shows by illustra- tion how it is possible to improve and beautify the home grounds. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 PESTS AND PARASITES ianbkialilly ES; ed, ) : Zotar =e eee = Be fo Sed —~ ~_~ —~ GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE PREVENTED FROM ASCENDING TANGLEFOOT. This is one of the efficient means of control jacent to infested territory. (This picture and comment Washinegten, D. C. Copyright, An article in the April THE TREE BY A BAND OF TREE and especially for the protection of trees ad- reproduced by courtesy als bal) number of the “National of the ‘National Geographic Magazine,” Geographic Magazine,’ of Washington, D. C., entitled “Pests and Parasites,” gives startling figures on the damage insect pests cause to trees and plants. It urges the necessity of national inspection of all imported plants and trees. The Gypsy and Browntail moths imported into Massachusetts have cost that State many millions of dollars and killed countless trees which it will take generations to replace. These pests are spreading all over New England and Northern New York, and there is great danger of their over- spreading the entire country. The article contains several photographs of actual conditions, illustrating the best means of eurcrel, one of which we reproduce above, showing a mass of caterpillars crowded below a band of Tree Tanglefoot, which effectually prevents their ascending the tree. They will soon starve below the Tree Tanglefoot, being unable to reach the leaves—their natural food. This banding compound, Tree Tanglefoot, is especially effective against the moths named and also Tussock moths, which greatly injure shade trees in all the States bordering on the Great Lakes. One application of Tree Tanglefoot is sufficient for the season, as it will remain sticky about three months fully other known substance. Tree Tanglefoot is now practically the only qualities having made it universally preferred. Its advantages over bands of burlap or cotton batting are, that it gives absolute protection where other bands give only partial protection and require daily inspection, and, in the case of burlaps especially, the killing of caterpillars which have congregated below it—a most dis- gusting task. It also has a great advantage over spraying. in that, being non-poisonous, neither the trees themselves nor the birds which may eat of their berries, fruits or seeds, are poisoned. Birds are an important factor in destroying injurious insects. It is now believed by some horticultural and entomological authorities that continuous spraying of trees results in their being gradually poisoned, the poison being found in the wood, the leaves and the fruit, apparently absorbed bv the sap and carried to all parts of the tree. In the hands of the amateur, Tree Tanglefoot is the safe preventive, as spraying must be done by experts, else immediate and serious injury may result. Tree Tanglefoot is put up in one, three, ten and twenty pound cans, ready for use. It is easily applied with a small wooden paddle or putty knife. Full directions appear on each can. The price is 24c to 30c per pound. Each pound will make about nine lineal feet of band. Tree Tanglefoot is made by The O. & W. Thum Company of Grand Rapids, Mich., the manu- facturers of Tanglefoot fly paper, which is used in every village and hamlet in the United States and Canada, and has also an extensive sale in every civilized country in the world, having been the standard in quality for 25 years. Tree Tanglefoot is as much superior to all other tree band- exposed to all weather conditions; ten to twenty times as long as any banding compound used, its superior lasting ing compounds as Tanglefoot fly paper to all other fly papers. In case local seed dealers or druggists have not yet a supply of Tree Tanglefoot, this can be obtained directly from the manufatcurers. Government, State, city and village autho~ities now use 80 to 90 per cent of the Tree Tanglefoot manufactured, but its use by private individuals to care for their trees is increasing rapidly because it affords protection for the least cost and is the safest and simplest remedy against Gypsy, Browntail and Tussock moth caterpillars. A YARD ORNAMENT QUICKLY -GROWN, _ exceedingly artistic ornament for the back or side yard may be made by putting into the ground a dead tree about six or seven feet high and planting about its roots moon vine and morning glory seeds. These spring up very rapidly; one blooms in the morning and the other in the afternoon, and if the supporting tree be bushy, the vines will festoon themselves over it in the most graceful fashion. It may be placed as a shade before a too-sunny win- dow or made to screen some unsightly object. Better still, it may be moved about the grounds from year to year just as desired. SOOT AS A FERTILIZER OOT taken from either wood or soft coal stoves is the best known ferti- lizer as it contains many of the ele- ments necessary to plant growth. This was told me some years ago by a landscape gardener, and my experience has proven it, especially in the rose garden. To get full use of it, dig a hole at the roots of the bush, put in one or two shovel- fuls, mix a little soil with it, and then cover with more earth to keep the wind from blowing it away. Water the bush thor- oughly, and the good work begins. It gives a richness to the coloring of the rose and deepens the green of the foliage, while the stems grow decidedly longer. Use it about potted palms and ferns in the same way. HERDING CATTLE BY AEROPLANE | ‘HE uses of the aeroplane are becom- ing more numerous every day, but novel indeed is the use to which his Bieriot monoplane was put by M. René Simon at Houston, Texas, on the 27th ultimo, the opening day of the engagement there of the international aviators. M. Simon flew out over the plains, and rounded up a large number of steers by circling above them and swooping down upon them. When he had got the herd together, he suc- ceeded in driving them right up to the fence of the aviation field by employing similar tactics. The cowboys looked on in amaze- ment, and upon his alighting, they thanked Simon for having so clevely and expedi- tiously herded the cattle. The following day, at the Houston meet, M. Roland Garros ascended to a height of 7,000 feet, and was lost in the clouds for fifteen minutes. M. Simon flew over the spectators in the grand stand only five or six feet above them—so close indeed, that the hats of many were blown off. FRENCH BUTTERFLY FARMS HERE are in France butterfly farms, the object of the farmers being to rear rare genera of the Bombycide, the silkworm family. By crossing, some new varieties have been obtained, and these are. much sought after by museums of natural history. Endeavors are also being made in France to acclimate species of silkworms indigenous to other countries. The farms contain oaks, ailanthus trees, pines, plum trees, castor oil plants, and other plants, the leaves of which serve as food for the caterpillars. Cocoons are hatched on branches protected by gauze, and. for the sake of uniform temperature, the insects are often kept in a room until after the first molting, when they are placed on bushes in the open air, and protected from birds by coverings of muslin or tulle. Price, 25 Cents $3.00 a Year GORE e NTS) For JULY. 1911 A PEACEFUL CHARM OF CANAL TRAVEL Frontispiece HousEeBoAaT VACATIONS By Phebe Westcott Humphreys 243 FISHING AT BARNEGAT Bay By William H. Ballou 247 OuTING WITH A PoRTABLE EQUIPMENT ee By A. William Masters 250 A BoaTHOoUsE REMODELED INTO A SUMMER HoME ArT A Cost OF $500 By Mary H. Northend 252 A Mopet Hovusresoat—How to Build a Houseboat for $300.......By Frederick K. Lord 254 CAMPING IN THE COUNTRY By Edith Haviland Picnic PARTIES By Ama Bird Stewart HANDICRAFTSMAN—Artware With Pebble and Putty By Alice K. Van der Veer Poster Wall Papering By Beryl King Two Types oF CoLoniaL Houses By Paul Thurston Tue TasLe—How to Prepare Eggs By Lydia Westcott A BUNGALOW DESIGNED BY THE OWNER By Lillian Harrod A Srupio BYNGALow BUILT FOR AN ARTIST By Henry Hawley Helps to the Housewife The Editor’s Notebook Garden Notes Correspondence i New Books American Homes and Gardens for August. Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs, Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. ][e222 9} [AyAysIPep ‘eanjotd Axoureur ayqijapul ue seonpoid jJaarsy yeued Jo weYD [NJooeed V7 HOMES AND GARDENS LAG thin Seal @® SS ~ ey 2 uJ Houseboat Vacations Where Small Cost, Merry Hours and Fine Health Go Hand in Hand By Phebe Westcott Humphreys GAXAMAGS ——— a WA HE sort of houseboat to choose, where to locate—or better still, where to journey— are important questions when planning a houseboat vacation. It is usually cus- tomary to plan for a somewhat perma- nent location, having the floating home anchored in some picturesque and quiet spot, within reach of the men of the house who may make a daily journey to business from their summer home on the water. The fact that this anchored home need not of necessity prove permanently located will give considerable satisfaction even when there is little opportunity of taking advantage of it. The Saturday afternoon half-holiday, and the quiet Sundays when the men may enjoy uninter- rupted pleasure in the water craft have an added zest when a tug boat or motor boat pulls the comparatively stationary home out in midstream, and tows it down the river or creek to fresh allurements in scenic attractions and social recrea- tion, with new neighbors ‘‘down shore.” Still more de- lightful is the houseboat vacation in which the floating home changes its location daily, or keeps constantly on the move from day to day. This is for the party who must be con- tent with a two or three week’s vacation, and the entire company of congenial spirits, co-operating to bear the ex- In the quiet, inspiring mountain sections, with tow-path boy and horse the only sign of life It is interesting and instructive to visit a lock-keeper’s home penses of the trip, may lay aside all thoughts of business for this limited period. There are many beautiful water- ways between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean, that have been satisfactorily tested for houseboating; but nothing can quite compare with our beautiful, peaceful altogether-charming old canals for perfection in house- boating. During the pres- ent universal controversy on the question of inland waterways, there has been considerable indignation ex- pressed over the abandon- ing of certain well-known canals, in various parts of the country; and a wide- spread demand that they shall be restored to their former usefulness, when they can compete with the railroads in the reduction of freight rates. But these picturesque canals, in their partial disuse, have served a very delightful purpose during recent years for an houseboat travel, and they are simply ideal. With an experienced canal mule, or a horse accustomed to the tow- path, the problem of motive power is quickly and inex- pensively solved; the rental or the building of the house- boat will depend upon the permanency of the houseboat vacation. If a canal trip by houseboat is to be simply a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS On the deck cushions under the canvas cover at noontide Lodged for the night under the bridge special outing for a single vacation, it will be better to rent a small houseboat by the week, with the equine motive power hired for a corresponding period; and the provisions may be collected on the way, through the many towns and villages passed en route; with the fresh milk, vegetables and fruits bought directly from the farmers whose fertile acres border the Weamalk When the houseboat is to serve as a permanent vaca- tion home, to be used year after year, it will be better to have it built to order, with the conveniences and makeshifts of its limited quarters endeared to the possessors by the personal supervision in their ar- rangement. The houseboat on which we took our first canal va- cation had a bit of interest- ing history that might serve as a practical lesson to many, in solving this outing problem. It was a zealous, consecrated minister, of a compara- tively poor church, who owned the tiny but convenient float- ing home. Living all his life in a rented home, and chang- ing occasionally when the abode had become homelike just as a fresh ‘‘call” to a distant church demanded another up- rooting of home ties, it became the dearest wish of the A fascinating stretch of canal through level country Among the ever-changing allurements of the Lehigh Mountains July, 1911 minister's family to possess at least a little vacation home that they could call their own. It seemed unwise to build or buy a country home, even if one could be secured within the limits of the preacher’s salary, as the next call might take them too far from the country or the shore cottage to make it available for summer occupancy even during a short vacation. But a movable home, and better still, a floating home, came as an inspiration to the minister’s wife, who was gifted with a special fund of home-making ingenuity. The romping children of the family demanded a healthful out-door vacation, free from restrictions of board- ing house life in the country or at the shore; and the num- bers of the flock of young people comprising the ministerial household made it imperative to provide a vacation out- ing where the economies as well as the pleasures of home life might be continued throughout the summer. The expense involved in building and furnishing this AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 245 the owners. At a call from a suburban church to one in the city the vacation home was towed many miles down the river, and anchored in a picturesque nook sufficiently close to the new home to be within reach by trolley, and here the family would spend their midweek vacations through- out the summer, and return to the city home refreshed for Sunday duties. The question of profit from this summer home came about in this wise: A friend of the minister, and an admirer of the ingeniousness of his helpmate, decided that such a real home on the water would be ideal if it might be rented for periods of two weeks or more, for a cruise up the canals or down the river. The rental contract called for special care of the boat and its furnishings, with thorough repairs for any possible damage, and the replac- ing of any articles broken or injured among the house- keeping utensils. With judicious renting to personal There is a peculiar fascination in the unfrequented waterways little houseboat has been a disputed question among the minister’s friends—one which he has laughingly declined to answer, as he declares that it might seem like trifling with the truth, so inexpensively was the craft constructed. With the gift of an abandoned mud scow for the foundation, the personal supervision and work of the youthful minister in its construction, the enthusiastic co-operation of wife and children in providing, contriving and constructing the furnishings from walled-in bunks, wall - seat - storeroom couches and folding tables, the result was that both house- boat and furniture combined the perfection of usefulness and home-likeness with inexpensive construction. For several years this convenient little floating home has served the ministerial household with the most delightful vacation outings at comparatively no expense. In fact, dur- ing several summers it was known to provide a profit for friends, who would feel the responsibility of extra care of the floating home and all its belongings, it was found to be possible for one or two rentals of two weeks each, to pay the original cost of building and furnishing the house- boat, and, with brief future rentals (though reserved for personal use during the greater part of the summer), to stand entirely on the side of profit. It is claimed that canal houseboating is especially hard on the houseboat, because of its rough usage in passing through the numerous locks. It must be remembered that many of the most fascinating stretches of canal pass through comparatively level sections of the country, where lock maneuvering will not be difficult, but even in the more troublesome locks, the houseboat can be taken through with scarcely a scratch, with careful management on the part of those in charge of the boat—for one must not expect the 246 lock-tender to show any extra interest in this matter. Our party of nine, with the dainty little craft, traversed one of the most difficult and most alluring of the fascinating canals of the mountainous regions of Pennsylvania, with- out a mark on its painted walls. In ascending the Lehigh mountains, it was necessary for a distance of only a few miles to climb up the mountain sides through most amaz- ing feats of engineering. In one instance there was a sheer “water jump”’ of twenty-four feet, and only those who have passed through the experience of making this rise in a tiny houseboat, can conceive of the real delights of a canal vaca- tion therein. When we entered the peaceful looking lock at its lowest level, there seemd to be little cause for appre- hension, even when the lower gates were securely closed and we found ourselves locked in a ‘‘well’’ twenty-four feet deep, with rough wooden walls on every side, and only the blue sky in view above. But when the water began surging in from the upper gate, to lift us gradually to the higher level, we found that there was actual cause for alarm; not only for the welfare of the freshly-painted walls of the dainty watercraft, but for the safety of its inmates. The surge and tumble and swell on the incoming waters would scarcely be felt by the great cumbersome canal boats resting solidly upon the rising flood, but with the light houseboat AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 We found one of the greatest delights of the canal trip in visiting points of interest and historic landmarks near the waterway. We tied the houseboat to a convenient tree near the canal and the horse within reach of convenient pasture, and the entire party then explored the surround- ing country-side or climbed some fascinating mountain path for the view, or the traditions of its neighborhood. We also found that one of the most interesting features of social intercourse, in passing through the numerous locks in the canals that climb the mountains to the upper coal regions, consists in ‘‘visiting’’ at the homes of the lock- keepers. Those of you who have enjoyed a single vaca- tion in canal houseboating, and have followed the usual custom of passing directly out upon the upper or the lower level—as the case may be—with only a nod or a word of greeting to the lonely lock-keeper and his wife, must try our plan on the next trip and pause for a little personal call at the lock house and garden. ‘They are frequently lonely people at the majority of these locks, situated at long distances apart, along the more level stretches. They see only the usual canal boatmen and the mule drivers on the tow path, and the sight of a gala houseboat, with a jolly party of vacationists is delightful in itself, and doubly so when the party will stop to “visit.” Anchored at a canal town for supplies sitting well up on the water, there was tossing and swaying and plunging that threatened to beat the boat from side to side against the walls of the deep lock. With each member of the party stationed at the various windows of the houseboat with a stout pole, and the two most daring members watching from the roof to view the dangers from every side, and to give directions, it was possible to pole the frail craft into the center of the lock throughout the filling of the well; and we sailed out on the open waters at the summit of the lock with the view of the magnificent mountain scenery that opened before our fas- cinated gaze, well repaying all the anxieties of our memor- able climb. While this particular lock of twenty-four feet is an ex- ception in climbing the Lehigh mountains (the climbs being shorter and more frequent in going farther up the moun- tains by canal), houseboats have during recent years passed through still deeper locks in the canals of upper New York state, and yet there has never been the slighest cause for alarm when the party in charge has been expert in poling; for the only danger lies in the dashing of the lighter craft against the sides of the locks with the rapid inrush of waters that would not affect the canal boats for which the locks were constructed. The scenic attractions in the hill country By the way, an interesting item for your notebooks will be the reminder that the best of home-made bread, cakes and pies, may frequently be obtained from the good house- wife of the lock-house, at no greater cost than the baker’s supply at the nearby village. And even the rough-and- ready appetites of the ever-hungry houseboaters can detect the difference in deliciousness. Besides the replenishing of food supplies, the wealth of legendary lore, and traditions of the mountain fastnesses and all the country-side surround- ing the canal, may be secured at first hand from the lock- keepers, who have spent the greater portion of their lives at the locks. With bathing suits and canoes included among the indis- pensables in houseboat paraphernalia, an early morning swim or vigorous paddling up the stream gave us ravenous ap- petites for the camp-fire breakfast each morning; for we invariably prepared the hearty breakfasts over a big blaz- ing camp-fire on shore, instead of within the limited quarters of the houseboat kitchen. Then, after the generous morning feast, the horse was brought from a nearby stable, rented from a farmer for the night; and with the slight rental, apples and sweet corn and quantities of milk were fre- quently “thrown in’ by generous farmers, who were de- lighted with the advent of a houseboat. July, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 247 Making ready for the day’s outing Fishing at Barnegat Bay New Jersey's Broad Expanse of Inland Water That Has Become the Playground of Many Cities Surrounding It By William H. Ballou ARNEGAT BAY, like a big park, lies in the center of a population of perhaps 8,000,- 000 people, within a radius of eighty miles. It invites, entices, fascinates and compels its devotees to seek it near sunrise and re- luctantly leave it as the sun goes down in the great piney woods bordering it. The blue of its water is drawn from that of the empyrean, and between is a golden yellow horizon that harmonizes with multi-shaded greens bordering the bay and the dazzling whites of the huge sand-dunes along the ocean front. Go where you will, no stretch of water more charms and delights, in its every mood oe of calm and anger. Even in the excitement created by playing weakfish, blue fish or striped bass, one is ever conscious of the gorgeous natural surroundings, the loud roar of the distant surf and the scent of the sea. Among the thousands of devotees on the bay every form of passing away time may be observed. Some are hauling in fish, some awaiting a bite, some lunch- ing under cabin decks or canopies, and many of the inevitable regulars casting far out into the surf for channel bass. On Mud Channel, Cooper’s Slough and Cedar Creek oyster beds, will be found the largest group of catboats close together, with parties of weakfishers. During the day hundreds sail to Barnegat Bay for luncheon, to climb the stairs of the lighthouse (one of the highest), and to walk on its beautiful broad beach. Among the endless diversions, rifle-shooting at low tide has many devotees among both sexes. While not a few live in their own craft on the bay, the majority reach the angling grounds from hotels from five to twenty miles distant, on every form of sail and motor craft. Anglers may be divided _ into the regulars and irreg- ; ulars. The regulars are those who pass much or all of their time during the season angling on the bay or streams, and who have their expense accounts cut according to their desires and financial conditions. Barnegat Bay is the popu- lar summer _ pleasure ground, both of the classes and the masses, of the al- most continuous city from New York to Philadelphia, and both named cities in- cluded. It is a water that fair sex may be seen read- ing novels. Card parties are not infrequent on deck. At North Point Beach, at the Fishing for weakfish off the inlet may be reached in the early morning for a day’s sport. It is convenient for the large over-Sunday class. It is so entrance of the bay—or inlet, as it is termed—are gathered placed that families may reside anywhere around it during clam-bake parties, picnics, bathing groups, and the ever- or out of season, and to enable the men to run into the city 248 daily for business and out again at night. One class, which is constantly increas- ing, comprises the autoists who make runs to it, some merely for a shore dinner, others to remain over a few days, and others to stay for several weeks. Surround- ing the bay are the hotel towns of Barnegat Bay, Harvey Cedars, Surf City, Beach Haven, Barnegat, Waretown, Forked River, Toms” River, Island Heights, Seaside Park, Bayhead, etc. River, Waretown and Barnegat Bay are the nerve centers of the angling, and have the largest accommodations of hotels and boats. Forked River, by reason of loca- tion, number of hotels and boats, draws the largest crowds during the summer, and lesser crowds during the remainder of the year. The round-trip fare from New York is $3.45, and may be reached by four ex- press trains daily or Sandy Hook boats, changing cars at Ealontown. ‘The rates of board at the village ho- tels are $2 per day and $10 per week; at the big hotel on the bay, $3 per day and upward. There are am- ple garage accommodations for regulars and_ parking places for motor machines of irregulars. Catboats may be rented at $5 per day, and motor boats at from $6 to $8 per day. By combining parties, the boat expense may be reduced per person As a rule, the regulars individual. every type and cost, while a few of them charter a captain and his boat for the period needed, ranging from a week to the entire season. Strangers are ad- vised that the resorts which front both the ocean and the bay, on the great sand- dune between, include Bar- negat City, Harvey Cedars, Surf City, High Point and Beach Haven, which, with Bayhead, Seaside Park and Island Heights, are reached by the Pennsylvania Cen- tral Railway. All the other resorts named are on the line of the Jersey Central Railroad, excepting Toms River, where both roads touch. The majority of anglers go to Barnegat Bay for AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Waiting patiently for a bite Of these, Forked crabs are $1 per dozen. I have him to fit the pocket of the own their own craft of A bouquet of fish July, 1911 weakfishing, the most pop- ular and least expensive, perhaps, of the several types. Weakfish are the only species always in evi- dence, and an average of 20,000 of them a day are caught. Weakfish require no special tackle, and may be taken by the small boy and his string and pin hook. They must, however, be an- gled with either shrimp or crabs for bait, which cost cold cash. Shrimp are ob- tained from regular baitmen at $1 per pint, and shedder In other words, the bait cost aver- ages $1 per day per indi- vidual. A glance at the hundreds of anglers scat- tered over the bay would reveal every form of tackle, from a hand-line or cheap bamboo pole to the most expensive rod and reel. Persons who intend to hire a cat or motor boat need take no tackle with them at all, as each boat is amply equipped with it. Weakfish are divided into school fish and tide runners. The for- mer are small, averaging a pound in weight, caught with shrimp as fast as one can haul in. They run in big schools, and_ profes- sional anglers regard them as a pest greater than crabs; but not so the general pub- lic. which goes out for fish and do not care about size, so long as they are plenti- ful. Tide runners are large, ranging from two and a half pounds up to the limit, and are caught, as a rule, only in special channels, sloughs, flats and holes. For these, shedder or soft crabs are’ used as bait. Whey aire most sought after by pro- fessional anglers, and are generally taken with the better class of casting rods, reels and lines. Profession- als prefer a catch of a few large ones to any number of school fish. Tide runners are captured mainly in Mud and Bock’s Channels, and Cooper’s and Horsefoot Sloughs, all connected and forming really one general ground for them, where the boats follow them about as they move from place t place, chasing their food supply. Some do not aspire to catch either of these classes, but spend all of their angling time trying to lure the few ocean weak-~ July, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 249 Fly-fishing for pickerel fish in the bay, ranging from six to ten pounds each. These fellows go into the bay apparently for soft crabs, and are seldom taken except in the marine grass or along its edges on flats. To get them requires the strongest casting rod, a long hook baited with soft crab, tied on with thread. Those who angle for them tow out a skiff to the fishing grounds. The skiff is anchored in a channel adjoining the marine meadow, and casts are made both into the grass and along its edges. The angler is satisfied to get one of these giants in a day, but some have had the luck occasionally to land a dozen of them. Most of the day is monotonous, but all monotony is off when a big fellow takes hold. He will then show more tricks for getting away than all the other species of fish combined, besides having the special protection of weak gills, which easily tear apart, releasing the hook, and en account of which he is named weakfish. Bluefish require only a trolling line on Barnegat Bay, trailed behind a cat boat or motor boat, which the captain supplies to each of his fares. They enter the bay only oc- casionally, usually on full moons. Their presence is known to the whole bay by the actions of the boats always in the inlet. Activity of boats there is visible all over the bay, and can only be caused by a school of bluefish entering with flood tide. Their presence far up in the channels in the bay is always detected in the mornings, if they come in on a night tide, by the boats going to the angling grounds. Bluefish always “‘break’’— that is, cavort about in the water, jumping ose j Se The pickerel has got him out and throwing up white spray that may be seen at a dis- tance. When boats are noted darting back and forth in a school, most of the anchored craft abandon their weak- fishing and hurry to the chase. ‘‘Chumming”’ for bluefish is not practiced in Barnegat Bay, as there are no menhaden boats there from which to obtain oil fish. For that reason bluefish chummers go to Great South Bay, on Long Island, when menhaden bait only is to be had. Several bushels of oil fish are taken on board, ground up in a machine, so that a stream of chum constantly runs overboard. Anglers sit on the rear of the boat and let their lines run with the tide carrying the chum, the hooks baited with cut-up menhaden. Great South Bay has no crabs, and Barnegat Bay no men- haden. The former freezes in winter to such a depth as to destroy the crab spawn. There are no, or few, menhaden to be had in Barnegat Bay, because there are no oil factories within a hundred miles of it to induce their capture. The premier angling of Barnegat Bay is for striped bass, which few except the wealthy indulge in. This species in salt-water bays are caught only with blood worms, costing from $1 to $2 per hundred. The worms are threaded on a spinner hook and trolled behind a row boat, with rod and reel. Men of wealth get after them almost exclusively, having big motor or house boats, big sloop or schooner yachts. The striped bass are caught only in narrow, unnay- igable and nearly closed-up channels, running through ma- rine meadows, where the grass tops just show at low tide. awe Casting for drum fish from the beach 250 AMERICAN A fourteen-foot folding canoe ready for use Outing With HOMES AND GARDENS Carrying a folding canoe set up in the water a Portable Equipment By A. William Masters Whe UTING with portable equipment is an- Kae nually growing more popular. With far less than the weight of an ordinary trunk, taken to a resort on vacation, one can paddle his own folding canoe and sleep in his own folding tent, and comfortably carry both of them rolled up on his back when tramping. A soldier must take about seventy pounds of equipment on his back when marching, independent of the tent he is to sleep in when camping over night, which shelter goes with the jack train. The “outer,” however, need not carry that amount of weight in tent and canoe combined, so lightly are such things constructed. The canvas boat fills a modern necessity. It can be placed in water where no boats are available. It makes the owner practially independent of all other forms of travel, enabling him to reach the obscure places and live in them, where even the farmhouse is far distant. Food of to-day is also portable, done up in tin cans. Even coffee has recent- ly been made portable—that is, a recent invention places it on the market in the form of a powder, a teaspoonful of whichy “merely stirred up in hot or cold water, makes a delicious drink, far better than can be bought at the majority of restau- rants by the cup. In past years, thousands of lakes and streams that afforded excellent outings, could not be utilized because thveme-) was) 10 means of reaching them and no boats to enjoy them when reached. The fold- ing canvas boat has placed all such waters within the reach) of “every outer... Minese ideal places in con- sequence now more and more attract those who delight in solitudes and quiet. They have no resort hotels, steam- boats, camp meetings, Chautauquas, railways or noise. To- day, at the end of the railway journey, the outer carries the folded canoe and tent under his arm or on his back. He may charter a buggy to cart his equipment to the near- est water or trough, as he pleases. The desired body of water has most always a stream leading to it from some railway station. If so, the outer has only to leave the train, set up his canoe and paddle or row to the desired lake or haven. On the other hand, the canvas canoe or rowboat may be taken to the big and little resorts where there are abund- ant hotels and boarding-houses. The outer will then have his own craft with no exhorbitant boat bill to pay. At night, if desirable, he can fold up his boat and take it to his bedroom. Assuming that a change in fishing is desirable, if the outer purposes to be driven ten or fifteen miles to some lake where there are no accommodations and remain over night or longer, all he has to do is to take his folding boat along, with tent tops, and sleep in it for one or two nights, or hoist his tent top if it rains. Canvas boats are now made life-saving; that is, they can- not be tipped over by one man standing anywhere upon them; if tipped over or filled with water by any cause, the smallest of them will still hold two people without sink- ing. It takes only five minutes to set one up or fold it up. It can be romywem twice as fast with only one-half as much arm power as a wooden boat re- quires. It is less ex- pens? veo thanme wooden boat. It has life-saving air chambers, double paddles or jointed oars, carrying ease, combination thwart seat, spreaders, oar- A large fishing party in camp by a mountain lake locks and camp chairs. It may also have tent tops, cabin ends or cabins covering the whole boat. The bottoms are flat, smooth and rigid. It never leaks and will last a generation, as the canvas is water- a July, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Making ready for a landing for the night proofed, oiled and painted, thoroughly saturating it, so that it repels water like rubber, prevents mildewing and cracking and makes it proof against changes in temperature. ‘The framework is made of high carbon, tempered spring steel and, being galvanized, will not rust in salt or fresh water. No tools are required to set up or to take down the modern canvas boat, and no instructions are needed by the beginner, who can set it up and take it down in the dark, if necessary. There is nothing to get lost, such as bolts, nuts or cotter pins. The cross ribs, being fastened to a strong strap, can- not get misplaced, nor do they have to be sorted out. Long before the bull crosses the pasture, your folded burden is set up, you push off in your boat and you are beyond the reach of his horns. The cost of an outing depends on the point of view, or the point of resources. It is easy enough to lay down the cost of equipment, as prices of 1911 were shown at the recent New York Sportsman’s Show, continued on a -lesser scale at sporting goods houses. Folding canvas boats begin at the 9-foot size and end at the 20-foot size. A g-foot boat has 32 inches beam and 1o inches depth, either jointed oars or double paddles, carrying case, thwart seat, spreaders and air chambers. It will carry 350 pounds of weight. As a package to tote it is 3 feet long by 8 inches wide and weighs 30 pounds. Its price $25. Prices then increase with length until 20 feet are reached at a cost of $65. As lengths increase, the number of people that can be carried increase, the 20-foot boat, for instance, weighing only 120 pounds, will carry 3,000 pounds. ‘Tent tops range from $11 to $18, according to the length of the A camp of the folding canoers boat, and cabin ends from $3 to $7. Cabins to cover the whole boat range from $9 to $21. It will be seen that the cost of equipment cannot be charged to one outing, as it will last for many annual out- ings. If one desires a separate tent, all that can be said is that they cost from $3.50 up, and one may go away up. For the open, for roughing it, many prefer a sleeping bag, the priceless boon of scientific expeditions where all is tramp, tramp, day after day. Their range of cost is from $7 to $60. Assuming that you are a youth, with $100 or less for your two or three weeks vacation, your folding canvas g-foot boat and tent top would cost you $36 for all the outings you are ever likely to make while young. To this add the amount of carfare. If you are to camp, there is so much to be apportioned for food, utensils for cooking and eating (which may be had at the 1o0-cent store), fishing tackle and perhaps a gun and shells. The gun and shells must be dispensed with unless you can attord a State license and unless you are to camp in the season when shooting is allowed by law. Asa rule, two or more combine on a boat- ing camping trip, dividing and thereby reducing the ex- penses and sharing the camp work. ‘Those who have ex- perience and can afford it may take along a man of all around ability, who will attend to all the camp drudgery. Say what you will, the proposed camper of small means can do far better with a canvas boat, by going where he can board at a farmhouse or small hotel at from $3.50 to $5 per week. The expense is less, and the outer has all of his time to wrestle with nature for pastime and relaxation. Canoeing in the Adirondack lake with a folding canvas canoe The expedition sleeps at a flying camp 252 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, tg11 The interior of the boathouse as it was A Boathouse Remodeled Into a Summer Home at a Cost of $500 By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the author T THE foot of the second cliff at Scituate, Mass., at the left-hand side of the road- way, stands the picturesque summer home of Mr. Frank A. Bourne, the well-known Boston architect. It is remodeled from an old boathouse that for years had done service as a fisherman’s workshop. To one unacquainted with architectural possibilities the weather-worn little building, built on the edge of Scituate Harbor, its log foundations at high tide surrounded on three sides by water, seemed devoid of artistic qualities, but to the trained eye of Mr. Bourne, it contained just the desired requisites for an attractive summer home, and he accordingly purchased and remodeled it. The building was in good repair, and after cleaning out the interior, the alterations required were made. The ex- terior was newly shingled and left to weather, and in place of the odd narrow little windows that characterized the workshop, conventional house windows were inserted. Dormer — windows were thrown out at either side of the roof to make the second floor apart- ments more light- some, and at the front of the dwell- ing,a double-decked covered varanda was built, and = screened in against SeeO ime mosquitoes, the =n lower portion to be used as an outdoor living-room, and the upper part to serve the purpose of an open air sleeping- room _~ whenever desired. dihe sor: 1.01 nva, | front double doors were retained, and now open upon the lower veranda, while a new broad door, flanked’ on The interior of the boathouse as it is either side by narrow windows, was cut in the second story to connect with the upper veranda. The interior, which consisted of a single large apart- ment, open to the roof, was remodeled into a_ two-story dwelling, the rafters of the new laid second-story floor being left exposed and tinted a soft weathered gray. The first oor was left unchanged, except for the portioning off of a space for the small kitchen and toilet beyond, and the erec- tion of a staircase to connect with the second floor apart- ments. The wall separation between the main apartment and the kitchen was contrived from a number of finely paneled doors, brought from the Wigglesworth house at Boston, and stained gray to match the old weather-worn woodwork. The spaces between the upright beams in the main room were hung with a wainscot of yellow straw matting to a height of five feet and edged with a narrow horizontal beam that answers the purpose of plate rail. The floor was painted to harmonize with the woodwork, and to relieve t he monotonous gray, bright-toned rugs were laid upon it. The dining table was contrived from two old wood saw- horses Ww ijageee drafting-board laid across them, and the artistic lamp which graces the center was made from a pickle jar equipped with a shade painted by Mrs. Bourne, who Is an artist gon ability. The area occupied by the old carpenter's bench that was in the shop at the time of its purchase, was con- vert eds mbomeed storage. space” at one side of the room, and along July, 1911 two corners of the dining-room portion a COSY (SEake wails built and boxed in underneath to serve as an additional storage space. From the central beam depends the model of an old ship, emblematic of the sbu1tldi ne? s original use, and from the rafter at the right hangs a eamid le fixture evolved by Mrs. Bourne from an old tin piece. Lanterns of various types de- pend at intervals from other beams, and furnish all the artificial light required. The furniture in the room is almost entirely Colonial, picked up at odd times, and fitted into the chimney at one side is a queer old Franklin stove, that relieves the chill of damp and stormy days. The apartment opens at the front onto the lower veranda, of which it really forms a part, and from which a_ superb view of the surrounding ter- ritory is obtained. This is attractively fitted up as an open-air sitting-room, and adorning its rail are boxes, pots, and vases filled with bright tinted flowers. On the second floor are two One of the bedrooms in the second story AMERICAN HOMES ’ H STAIR WELL i STAIR WELL Over ot " CLO. CHAMBER Second floor plan AND GARDENS 253 ; | chambers, a_ por- tion of the larger one being curtained off for a dressing- room, and at the front opens the up- Piet | Ne tad ta a equipped as an out- door sleeping-room. The cost com- plete of the pur- chase and _alter- ations was but five hundred dol- lars, and the result is an _ attractive, livable home, that serves as a residence for its owners six months of the year. The presentation of this ar- ticle illustrates the possibilities of many of the discarded build- ings which are so frequently seen along the seashore. The subject is presented in so in- teresting and pleasing a man- ner as to be readily understood, and will be very helpful to any one who is desirous of secur- ing a habitation for the sum- mer months at a small expense. There is no question but that there are many people who would like just such a house as the one illustrated here- with, and the publication of it is a timely one, for use in a study of the subject for the coming year, for the best time to select a site is during one’s vacation. # / « car et The dining part of the first floor 254 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 — nes] A Model Houseboat How to Build a Houseboat for $300 By Frederick K. Lord ay LIE proposition of spending a summer afloat is one which appeals to many versons fond of the water; but the cost of a yacht large enough to accommodate comfortably a family for a protracted period is pro- hibitive to the majority, therefore people swelter ashore in hot and uncomfortable hotels, and snatch such enjoyment from the water as chance and circumstances permit. A solution of the problem of living cheaply and com- ashore during the summer season under equally comforta- ble conditions. The cost of the boat would vary, accord- ing to whether it was built by amateurs and how elaborately © it was constructed and fitted up. A moderate price ship- builder should build this boat complete with toilet and water tanks for five hundred dollars. As the boat is very simple in construction amateurs should be able to build it for about three hundred dollars. At a small additional cost an awning could be rigged over the house-top, thereby providing a fine, large, cool lounging space. For those in terested in building fortably afloat is found in the house- el SS ma oo boat. Such a life = Sa offers many charms and advantages. It is generally cooler such a boat them- selves the following hints on construc- tion may prove use- on the water, and the air is fresher and better, being ful: The first step in construction is to prepare the ground free from dust and and build the sides land smells. Bath- and bottom of the ing is always ‘‘on hull. The ground tap,’ and the enter- should be prepared tainment of friends by driving posts is accompanied with and using stringers more charm and and blocks so privacy than in a placed that the hull crowded summer may rest during hotel. . If * the - Jo- construction on an cality becomes tire- absolutely level some the houseboat plane. By doing can be towed to an- : this a level and other harbor for a plumb line can be few dollars, and used to get the there is no packing house and its com- of trunks or tipping of servants when getting out of town. The plans herewith shown represent a small houseboat capable of accommodating four or five persons comfortably for a very moderate price. It would cost four persons fifty dollars a week at an average-priced summer hotel. This amounts to six hundred dollars for three months, without extras. The boat shown here could be built for less than that. Then at the end of the summer it could easily be sold for more than half its value or kept for another year. In any case there would be a very large saving over living Sectional plan and side view, showing constructional details of the houseboat partments built plumb and true. After the building foundation is prepared, start by getting out the sides. These are of 14-inch yellow pine, laid three strakes to a side. As the depth of the hull is 30 inches the sum of the three planks should be 28% inches to allow for the thick- ness of the bottom. The sides are held together by tem- porary strips of wood screwed to them. When thus se- cured fasten on the lower inside edges a yellow pine corner log 2 x 4 inches as shown in the cross section plan at 4. The object of this is to stiffen the edge and afford extra nailing July, 1911 AMERICAN HOME surface for the bottom planks. Now set up the sides in their proper places on the building foundation and be very careful to see that they are perfectly plumb and level, ctherwise the whole structure will be crooked. Nail three or four strips across the bottom to hold it in place and then put in the end pieces B of the hull. These are of 1%- S AND. GARDENS DEE us the bare hull, and we can now proceed with the house frame and small decks at each end. It might be well first to call attention to the two water tanks that are shown in'the drawing. If these are to be put in it is well to do it now, otherwise some of the deck beams and deck cannot be laid, and it is more trouble to put them ~ 7 + th vourd oak top 6 pine 4 strips Nho.10 canvas <= SS a a Se ———— — ——————S = Cabin begms 14 %6'y ¢ Cc sill aya spruce /7/ ae heddev 2x3 spruce 7/ windows hinced at top ! / dae =": Gy j if Pl | 4? | SE wy Se sill 2x3 spruce Zag 2 | 2 Se! 4 Ss ry ' house studs 2X3 spruce hose sides | x $i BM vabbeted weather | eo bodrdince!) fi ~ i 14 Spruce ql eet = = are ae canoe rN Ys N . Ny . So ty r SH A NOTE: Doors are Dutéh Fyre breaking th the middle - make front door 2-4” wide. inch yellow pine. Next put on the planks which extend from the end pieces to the bottom. These planks, as well as the bottom ones, are of 1 %4-inch yellow pine, and about 12 inches in width. Proceed to put on the bottom by beginning at both ends and working toward the middle. Plane the planks so that they touch on the inside and are open about Cross-section of the boat in later. They should be of 1-16-inch galvanized iron and fitted with filling plates to come flush with the outside of the deck. The supply pipes can be run under the cabin flooring before it is put down. ‘The next members to put up are the stud beams to take the weather boarding of the house. The beams are of Y% inch out- 2 xen e-ink side. This is spruce. They to allow the should be cut caulking to be into lengths of driven in and Om fekeat seit to prevent its inches. Jog being pushed them over the clear through corner log, 4, to the inside. and_ securely In putting the nail them to it. hull together Fasten them to use large gal- vanized iron boat nails the side of the hull with stout galvanized about 4 or 4% inches long. iron nails, care being taken to Bier corme s log, 4, should be fastened to @etesrcivac ial very good the sides with ¥4-inch galvan- ized iron rivets fastenings in the lower side plank. The = and the bot- tom planking should be fas- tened to both log and sides. Be careful that t window seat | 7 INS SINT AI YN NANA NANI NOON, LNANS NSA SNASNL SA NAS, spacing of ‘| these beams will vary on ac- count of the positions of the windows and partitions. folding table Pex . ; ! : hil seems = SQ WP Wy94 Papo 7 : Awe 4 \ a7 S\ Afi ee ial 1, ® STErD " the planking i i wo The way to do lies perfectly ie this is to put flat and true ' up, first, all the before fasten- ee ee ee eee see ae hie aims that ing, otherwise View showing the exterior and a plan of the interior of the houseboat come at win- leaks will sure- dow openings ly develop, which are hard to stop. Paint should be ap- plied and a few threads of cotton laid along the edge of the sides to help make a water-tight job. After the bottom is on three 3 x 4-inch yellow pine stringers, C, should be fitted and nailed from the underside of the bottom. Carry these stringers up to the ends as shown in the plans. This gives and partitions and then space up equally the intervening beams. ‘The construction plan shows the dimensions and position of the beams. A sill, C, of 2 x 3-inch spruce, is now laid on top of the beams and fastened thereto securely. Put in the headers and sills for the windows and the studs immediately under them. og 3 i i ! | t ; Fi eonieebaiesteaneneraranacincnecoecsscactooasomanant A divan makes an extra bunk for a guest Proceed to finish the decks. Run 1% x 3-inch yellow pine stringers across the end studs 414 inches below where the top of the deck will come. Use 2 x 3-inch yellow pine deck beams, seven to a deck, including sides, and securely nail to the stringer and end board of the hull. A deck of 1%-inch white pine may then be laid in about 10-inch widths or less, and after being well painted, covered with No. 10 canvas. As the run boards on either side of the hull will serve conveniently as a staging for building, it may be well to put them on. The boards themselves are of 14-inch spruce planks fastened to 1™% x 2-inch yellow pine cleats spaced seven to a side, as shown in the plans. They are supported by 134 x 2'%-inch yellow pine braces, securely fastened to the hull and jogged into the cleats. The roof beams should next be put up. These are of 1%4-inch spruce, 6 inches deep at center and 3 inches over sills. This gives a crown of 3 inches, just enough to shed waters lhe beams ane spaced 2 feet (om centers) except where it may be necessary to vary them slightly so that they may serve as a backing for the partitions. It is now in order to board up the sides. Use 7% x 6-inch rabbeted boards of the type shown in the section. Start from the bottom and lay out the widths, as shown in the plan, so that they will come right for the finishing bands. Nail each board to every stud with two nails, and counter- sink and putty the heads. The sides are now ready for the finishing bands and window trim. Commencing at the corners, put on the vertical trim of 7-inch white pine 6 inches wide, and also the door trim. Then the horizontal band under the windows and the strake at the upper edge of cabin, which should be 8 inches deep, and finally the second band at cabin top and the window trim, both 4 inches wide. All the foregoing should be of 7-inch white pine. The trim at the window openings should be set back so that a shoulder is created by the studs and sills to form a rabbet for the window. The cross section plan will show this. The win- dows are hinged from the top and swung outward, as indi- cated. Proceed to finish up the cabin roof by planking it over with 7-inch white pine boards laid in 4-inch widths and having a tongue and groove with a beaded edge underneath for a finish in the cabin. Paint the top well and cover with No. 10 canvas laid in a single piece. It can be obtained AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS es July, 1911 in widths as high as 12 feet, and it is much better to use the single piece and get rid of seams which are liable to leak. Draw the canvas over the edge of the house, and after securely fastening with copper tacks cover them up with a half-round molding, as shown in the plan. The doors and windows should be 1% inches thick, and these plans will be sufficient to enable any one to get them out. The doors are of the Dutch type, that is, they open in two sections. They are more handy and convenient when thus made. The first step is to lay the cabin flooring after painting the inside of the bottom. The floor may be of 7%-inch yellow pine, laid either in 6-inch widths or in narrower widths, with tongue and groove. The former width is perhaps prefera- ble in this case. Begin at one end and plank athwartship on the stringers and corner logs. Sweep out all shavings and sawdust as you proceed. After the floor is laid and smoothed up, the partitions and cabin fittings are ready to go in. The interior is arranged to provide sleeping accommoda- tion for a mixed company of four. Entering the house- boat from the after end the first compartment comprises the living-room, which is turned into a sleeping-room for the men at night. The doorstep has a removable tread, and is used as a locker. On the right a 6% x 3-foot couch is in- stalled, fitted with a spring and mattress. Next to this is a desk with bookshelves above. Upon the opposite side, near the door, is a folding berth, shown standing on end. This is built simply like a hollow box, containing an ordi- nary spring and mattress. It is lowered down for use and afterward up-ended and held by a couple of hooks. In the opposite corner is a sideboard with glass rack above and drawers beneath to hold table linen. A folding table and two or three easy chairs complete the furniture in this com- partment. Of course chairs and couch should be bought, but it would be more satisfactory to make the desk, sideboard and table, and this would not be very difficult if it was done simply of oak, in the mission style, and stained. The next compartment is for the ladies. Here a double bed is shown which may be taken from the house and installed, or built in like a regular bunk with drawers underneath or left open for the reception of trunks. There are two lockers at the foot, one for linen and the other opening, into the sitting-rooms for the men’s clothes, and a built-in bureau. A writing-table is a necessary adjunct to life on the water July, t911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS CAMPING place for the summer” is a phrase that covers a great variety of habitations. Not so very many years ago a home occupied only in the warm-weather months was exclusively for the fortunate possessors of assured incomes. Vacations were taken by the majority of people by a brief visit to relatives who lived in the country, or by a few weeks’ boarding near the seashore for the enjoyment of bathing and boating, or in the mountains where fine scenery, good walks and drives afforded entertainment. Gradually this summer outing idea has developed and shaped into a desire for a more permanent stopping place, in fact, a home for three, four, five and sometimes six months out of the city, with the home element the attrac- tion instead of some specific en- vironment. Perhaps the most interesting phase of this summer migra- tion is shown in the efforts to achieve at- tractive dwellings at a moderate cost. The personal thought evinced in the illustrations given on this and following pages cer- tainly gives distinc- tion, and suggests experiments to oth- ers who are aiming in the same direc- tion. A rustic piazza gate in the first pic- ture exhibits the care given in securing branches that bal- ance each other in size and_ general outline. The forks crossed over the gate itself are par- ticularly successful. With this door or gate the end of the porch is particularly screened and the steps protected. The tubs of geraniums on the posts of the steps are another homelike touch that means much in the woods where gardens are almost impossible to cultivate. Camping in the Country By Edith Haviland Photographs by Jesse Tarbox Beals A rustic piazza gate In the other views one notices the different treatments for piazzas and terraces, to enable the dwellers to be out- of-doors as much as possible; the quaint roof lines; the approaches from the road; the relation of the surrounding trees to the house. In all of these the idea of simplicity has not been lost sight of in each and every effort to attain comfortable details. In the Catskill Mountains there are several groups of summer camps or cottages. ‘Twilight Park,” which was started by the Twilight Club of New York City, was one Om themursteor these. “Onteora, on | Fills of the Sky,” is noted as being the settlement of artists and literary work- ers. Byrdclifte, which was described in this magazine last September, is a meeting ground for students and experts in various arts and crafts. On Long Island there are various collections of sum- mer homes costing from five hundred dollars upwards, in which numerous experiments in con- struction have been made. In the Adiron- dack Mountains the old-time ‘‘camp”’ is being — superseded for something much more — sub- stantial and preten- tious and the sum- mer season is often prolonged late into the fall, with a re- turn at the Christ- mas holidays for winter sports. Outside of the State of New York there is as much in- terest shown in ham- lets in the mountains or by lakes and sea- shore, and a re- markable feature is the distances which separate the city or suburban residence from the summer camping ground. One settlement on the coast of Maine is composed almost en- tirely of Washington families. Another in Massachusetts is settled by people from Detroit and Chicago. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS feature Perpendicular slabs are used Shingles and logs A GROUP OF MODERN CA July, rortt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 259 Generous piazza space Some rustic flower tubs COSTING FROM $800 UPWARDS ERIE e aTOI LES HANNID GARDENS _ July, torr July, torr AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Perpendicular slabs are used A Te Gaattire Some rustic flower tubs A GROUP OF MODERN CAMPS COSTING FROM $800 UPWARDS 260 AMERICAN HOMES Fig. |—The sandwiches remain fresh and appetizing if wrapped separately \f— 7 regular home meal, while the ad- ditional benefit to the children from a whole day out of doors is not to be estimated. Nor are the younger members of the family, although their enjoy- ment may be more unrestrained, the only ones to whom a picnic ap- peals. The school boys and girls, the grown-up daughters, even the mother herself, will find pleasure in the hours so spent. There is no more charming way of entertain- ing the members of a young girl’s class at school, the members of the older sister’s Sunday-school class, or the members of the mother’s own club. Moreover, no other form of entertainment admits of more elaboration at comparatively less expense; and yet, again, the picnic may be as simple as one pleases. As a social function the affair may be enhanced by the ad- dition of suitable favors, such as straw ‘‘farmer” hats, paper sun- bonnets, or baskets to hold wild flowers. These may be purchased at a cost of from five to fifteen cents each; may be fitted inside each other to facilitate carrying, and will weigh next to nothing. The small outing of congenial ‘HE picnic season is here again, to the joy of the children. Many a mother who used to feel her heart sink when the little ones began teasing to take a meal out of doors now welcomes the chance. With a little park. forethought, a picnic luncheon can be ar- ranged so as to mean less work than the Picnic Parties By Ama Bird Stewart Photographs by Helen D. Van Eaton traction cars. Fig. 3—Ready for the picnic, with an individual basket of luncheon AND GARDENS July, 1911 Fig. 2—-Packing the luncheon to carry successfully requires care and practice friends of the family party are no less enjoyable; in fact, the out-of-door luncheon deserves to be a regular proceeding. The place for the picnic is the first consideration. ‘The dweller in the city is almost always blessed with at least one Furthermore, one can usually find real woods— which are, of course, preferable—of easy access from some The same holds good in regard to the smaller towns. In the country the only difficulty would lie in the choice of a place, where so many are available. Oftentimes these little jaunts may take the form of excursions to some nearby point of interest, some literary shrine, or place of historic tradition. Under these conditions, the luncheon must be put up in a manner to admit of easy carrying. Lack of weight and lack of bulk are both requisites. Many conveniences for the out- of-door luncheon have now been put upon the market. When a suc- cession of such meals are planned, the Thermos bottle is almost a ne- cessity, while the tea basket fitteu up for the small party gives added pleasure in itself. This modern luxury, borrowed from our Eng- lish cousins, will be found equally useful in traveling, especially for long journeys. Such a tea and luncheon outfit is illustrated in Fig. 6. It consists of an alcohol stove, tea kettle, creamer, sugar bowl, cream bottle, sandwich box, with two cups, saucers, spoons and nap- kins. Compactly fitted into a neat, durable case, this sells at $16.74. A more elaborate luncheon kit July, 1911 is shown in Fig. 7. This is suitable for train or automobile traveling, as the slanting top of the case, covered with corrugated rubber, makes a comforta- ble footstool. The box holds a lunch- eon or_ sandwich case, two cups, sau- cers, plates, knives, forks, spoons, nap- kins, and space for a Thermos bottle. It sells complete for $36.74. The wicker luncheon basket, seen in Fig. 5, holds a service for four persons, besides a lunch box, wicker cases for glasses and bottles to prevent breaking, and salt and pepper shakers. The price of this outfit is $24.74. These luxuries, however desirable, are not of course within the reach of every one. A fresh, clean basket, if daintily packed, serves the purpose at very little expense, a well-woven one with a durable, hinged cover, costing only fifty cents. Individual baskets for children’s out-of-door luncheons may also be purchased cheaply. Although the handles make the baskets much more easily carried, some people prefer clean pasteboard boxes. The lids of these are used as trays in serving the meal and the whole thing can be thrown away afterwards. For the same reason many take a table cloth of paper instead of linen, if it is possible to secure one large enough. Attractive crépe paper sets are now sold at a trifling cost, so that it is possible to carry out a regular color scheme of decoration. Whatever the table covering, by all means have paper napkins and plates; they are lighter, more com- pact, and minimize the amount to be carried home. When the site has been chosen for the feast, spread the cloth neatly on a level stretch of ground and unpack the food carefully. Nothing is more unappetizing than disorder, yet many pic- nickers after preparing a dainty meal, do not take the trouble to serve it attractively. If possible spread the table near a spring. One wise woman, with whom picnics are a regular occurrance, always carries the luncheon in a bright tin pail which is afterwards Ne 1 wel oe Fig. 5—Automobile wicker luncheon basket, equipped for four persons AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 4—Nothing could be more tempting than a well-filled luncheon basket Fig. 261 used for water. If lemonade is to be made, a lemon squeezer is a practi- cal adjunct, or one may bring a bottle of strained lemon juice prepared and sweentened at home. For those who do not care for lemonade, the Thermos bottle can be brought into play for carrying any hot or cold drink, or a small alcohol heater can be tucked away for the mak- ing of tea. Often it is enjoy- able to bring some things separately and mix out of doors just before serving. Many dainties otherwise im- possible to carry can thus be served, but when hungry, im- patient little folks are to be considered, it is better to have everything already prepared. It will always save muss and bother to open all olive and pickle bottles at home, and un- less the trip is exceedingly long, to pour off the liquid be- fore recorking and packing. Be sure to be provided with druggists’ pill boxes of salt and pepper. Wherever held, for whatever purpose. whether the meal be luncheon or supper, the main interest of the picnic centers around the contents of the luncheon basket. Here the home touch is pre-eminently to be desired. Wholesome materials in savory combinations daintily served are the prime essentials for a successful picnic. Sandwiches are the staple of picnic diet, but their range is almost limitless. White, graham, whole wheat, rye or Boston brown bread, plain or toasted, may be used separately or in combination, while rolls, buns and biscuits and saltine or other crackers, vary the foundation still further. Picnic biscuits are not known so widely as they deserve to be. They are made of biscuit dough (preferably sour milk and soda biscuits) rolled to a quarter-inch or less in thickness, buttered, then covered with a second layer of dough and baked in a quick oven. When done they split apart easily for filling. They may be cut sguare to facili- tate packing, if space is very precious. In preparing sand- wiches, always cut the bread very thin and trim off the crusts; 6—Tea and luncheon outfit opened up ready for use Fig. 7—Footstool luncheon kit with complete service for four 262 cutting into triangles or strips gives an added daintiness to the appearance of the sandwich. Sandwiches will keep fresh and appetizing for days if wrapped separately in parafhn paper. ‘This may be purchased almost anywhere at a trifling cost and is indispen- sable. Occasionally it may be found advisable to wrap cold meat sliced very thin in the waxed paper and carry buttered bread without filling. When parafhin paper is unavailable, wrap sandwiches in a slightly dampened napkin to keep AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 as cherries, apples, pineapples, seeded grapes, bananas or grapefruit give additional variety to the list. The up-to- date sandwich indeed proves its noble origin, and does honor to its godfather, the Earl of Sandwich. The picnic menu is also enhanced by hard-boiled eggs, cut in half, the yolks mixed with mayonaise or other season- ing and put back into the whites. These should by all means be served upon a lettuce leaf. Do not make the mistake of carrying too much heavy New and Tempting NASTURTIUM SANDWICH Cut bread very thin and butter, cover closely with nasturtium blossoms and spread with thick mayonaise before putting on the second slice, press closely together and wrap. SWISS CHEESE AND WATERCRESS Spread Swiss cheese with mustard and watercress and place be- tween thin slices of buttered rye bread, or use soft cheese and water- cress with graham bread. CREAMED CHICKEN SANDWICH Chop or grind fine, half a cup of the white meat of cooked chicken, add a tablespoonful of sweet cream and mix to a paste, mix in a hard- boiled egg chopped fine, salt and a dash of paprika, spread between biscuits. MOCK OYSTER SANDWICH Mash boiled oysterplant or salsify with sweet cream, add a little anchovy paste, season with salt, paprika or red pepper and spread between buttered bread or wafers. Serve with pickles. CHICKEN LIVER SANDWICH Mix equal parts of chopped olives and chicken livers with mayo- naise, add a little chopped green pepper or sweet pickle and spread between one slice of entire wheat bread and one slice of white. SARDINE SANDWICH Mix a small can of sardines, oil and all, with two hard-boiled eggs chopped fine, add a teaspoonful of lemon juice, spread between slices of buttered bread or toast. A slice of peeled tomato, a leaf of lettuce or a sprig of watercress makes a pleasing variation of this. Sandwich Recipes NEUFCHATEL CHEESE Mix Neufchatel or Philadelphia cream cheese with chopped nuts and pickles or pimentos (Spanish red peppers), add enough mayonaise to make a stiff paste. Or, spread cream cheese on a slice of buttered bread, and cover with a second slice spread with crabapple or quince FISH SANDWICH Bone and rub to a paste a cupful of cold boiled fish, add a dash of Worcestershire or other fish sauce, salt, pepper and a little olive oil and place on lettuce between bread. CHERRY SANDWICH Mix four parts of chopped fruit and one part of chopped nuts with mayonaise; a little cream cheese may be added if desired, and spread between biscuits or sweet rolls. BACON SANDWICH Chop crisp cooked bacon with hard-boiled eggs and pickle and use with graham bread buttered. Well cooked bacon alone also makes or it may be combined with lettuce and Always shave very thin and broil crisp. appetizing sandwiches, mayonaise. TONGUE SANDWICH Put cold sliced tongue and a thick slice of peeled tomato between buttered Or, mix chopped tongue with sweet cream and spread inside French rolls. bread. HAM SANDWICH Chop together cold fried ham and hard-boiled eggs and spread between slices of buttered bread. Or, chop cold boiled ham and mix with chopped peanuts and enough mayonaise to form a paste, and spread between buttered crackers or picnic biscuits. them fresh and in perfect condition. The day when the name sandwich connected only ham and cheese carelessly put between huge slices of bread, is happily forgotten. The simpler kind have supplemented, not supplanted, those of chopped meat or cheese combined with hard- boiled egg, mayonaise, nuts, pimentos, green pep- pers, tomato, cucumber, piccalilli, chopped pickle, olive or some other ingredient, made into a delightful whole. All kinds of salads, as well as figs, dates, nuts, and such fruits cake. Individual cakes daintily iced and wrapped are easier to serve than the layer cake, while home-made dough- nuts, thin cookies and apple turnovers form a pleasing change. The last word, like the first word, in regard to the pre- paration of out-of-door luncheons, is daintiness. A little care in arranging the meal will more than pay for itself in the added savor and enjoyment, and the extra care is worth the while for the pleasure attained. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Handicraftsman Conducted by A. Russell Bond Artware with Pebble and Putty By Alice K. Van der Veer T used to be that the worth of a thing was estimated solely upon its money value. To a certain extent such is the case now, but fortunately we are beginning to realize that we should judge an article rather by its subservience to the end for which it was designed. Decorative and orna- mental work, for instance, is meant to please the eye, and in proportion as this aim is realized the work is a success, no matter how crude the material employed. MHandicrafts- men have done very much to establish this standard of utility. They have upset all traditions in their search for art materials to furnish the medium required by their original ideas. They have delved into the cellar after soap boxes and made them into bedroom furniture; they have raided the corner grocery for peach baskets and flour barrels which were later dignified by a place in the living- room; they have converted rough oats bags into sofa pillows. In fact, there ap- pears to be no limit to the materials which they can employ artistically. One of the most recent inventions of the _ handi- craftsman is the use of putty and pebbles for deco- rative purposes. Putty makes a very cheap and ex- cellent material for this pur- pose because it remains plastic for a time, but when set it becomes quite hard—much harder than one would suppose, and will withstand the action of water to a considerable ex- tent. Pebbles may be bought at ten cents a pack- age if one is so unfortu- nately situated that he can-. not gather them himself. Of course one of the chief delights of the handicrafts- man consists in making artistic work out of ma- terials that cost him noth- ing, and it would spoil his pleasure to have to buy the pebbles no matter what they cost. [hey can be picked up in the bed of a stream, or along the shore, and selected according to color and size to suit one’s taste. The accompanying illustrations show what may be done Putting on the putty with these materials. Any stone bottle, stein, mug, or pitcher will serve as a body upon which to apply the deco- rations. ‘The putty is laid on in a fairly thick coating and then the pebbles are embedded in it with what has come to be called “‘artistic carelessness.” “The pebbles will adhere to the putty readily, and in a day or so will be so tightly cemented that it will be difficult to remove them without the use of a pair of pliers. Not only may pebbles be used, but small sea shells as well, and the ground work of putty may be tinted to any shade desired. By carefully choosing the shells or the pebbles, they may be used to form regular designs, but the work is far more effective if the pebbles are applied in seeming carelessness. The entire surface of the vase may be so thickly crusted with pebbles as to pro- duce a mosaic effect. Such work, however, requires very careful matching of pebbles both as to size and color, which may make the work too tedious for the average amateur. Unless he is possessed of considerable artistic ability, the beginner would do well to avoid mosaic work and confine his efforts to the random effects. described above. Some _ handicraftsmen will doubtless find that putty is an excellent me- dium for flower decorations upon a vase or other orna- mental piece. One of the photographs shows a vase thus adorned. The putty is applied in lumps or strings, conform- ing approximately to the design that is to be carried out. The plastic material can then be treated just like modler’s clay, using the thumb and fingers to pro- duce broad effects and em- ploying modeling tools for fashioning delicate de- tails. The work will be found exceedingly fascinating, and, despite the humble medium, some very artistic effects may be obtained. The decoration will prove sufficiently permanent for mantel ornaments and the like. After the novice becomes proficient with plain designs, work with colored putties may be attempted. To be sure, the putty may be painted after it has been modeled, 264 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 but the paint is apt to peel off in time, owing to the oily and the work is not seriously marred by chipping. This nature of the plastic material. A better plan is to make up does not mean that there can be no shading of colors. On separate batches of putty individually tinted, and then to the contrary, if the putty is fresh and soft one color may be A cheap vase becomes an attractive ornament A pebble iacrusted jug A beer mug covered with pebbles use the tinted material in modeling the design. The faults merged into another with a facility almost equal to that Gf superficial coloring are thus avoided. Leaves are green of painting in oils. Of course, the effects obtainable depend through and through, roses red through and through, etc., entirely upon the artistic ability of the individual. Poster Wall Papering By Beryl King eae RE it not so old and threadbare a good — such important things as wall paper; and so the dingy room opening sentence for the following story had, perforce, to retain its dinginess. One day the girl had would be an idea and she proceeded the quota- to carry it out without tion “‘Ne- losing a minute; for she cessity 1§ was that kind of a girl. the moth- She followed her luminous er of invention.”’ Not that idea to the offices of vari- we believe this quota- ous steamship companies LOM tOuN Dew athens | miNS and other establishments everyone knows. there where handsome posters are hundreds of in- are given away gladly for ventions that are abso- the asking. Soon she had lutely unnecessary and accumulated a large supply were born of the conceit or of pictures. The pictures were not cheap - looking chromos, for these steam- ship companies employ the best of artists to design their posters. They are in- tended to attract attention .and are sent all over (me world in lithograph form. Some of them are veritable works of art, depicting scenes in the countries to which the ships of the com- pany carry passengers. Others contain fanciful views by artists of re- nown. y] ignorance of some. de- luded inventor. A glance through the Patent Office Gazette will prove that this is so. However, it is aptact that) many, it not most, of the best ideas have been evolved under stress of circumstances. The following is a case in point. The time had arrived when the girl’s own par- ticular room needed paper- ing. Her mother realized it, and the girl knew it only too well. But it was With these pictures the not a time when money girl locked herself in her could be spared for even Smoothing out the poster room. T hem she pro- July, 1911 ceeded to cut away all superflous ad- vertising matter, retaining only the more interesting illustrative part. order to lay out an artistic pattern she arranged the pictures upon the floor. In this way the effect of group- ing was observed, the color scheme studied, and the pictures arranged and rearranged to suit the girl’s fancy, without actually pasting them down where they could not be re- moved without spoiling the prints. When a good ar- rangement had at last been decided upon to her com- plete satisfaction, she proceeded to paste the pictures on the wall, using a pail of flour paste and a large brush. The pictures were moistened and the paste was brushed on from the center out to the edges, as Sow ni ne -th*e photograph. Care was taken to pre- serve the same arrangement as had been plotted upon the floor and the re- sult was very ettec- tive. The choice of coloring had been Veayy ca fet wl Ly worked out, and the dingy walls soon be- gan to reflect the daylight in a hun- dred different hues. When all was done the girl per- mitted the admiring household to come in and see her work. Here was a gorg- eous scene of a sun- set in Italy; beside it a group of quaint- looking Dutchmen gazing seaward at an incoming ship; in another corner, a gray castle on the picturesque Rhine. A study of the walls was almost like a trip to Europe, and best of all the novel wall paper was pro- cured for the ask- ing. In fact it was given away gladly for it was made to be given away to any- one who would give it wall space. tisers of various kinds of equipment who would be only too glad to permit any number of posters for the asking of them; In AMERITGAN HOMES AND GARDENS A corner of the wall-papered wall Laying the pictures on the floor to get the proper arrangement 265 At any rate, the resourceful summer camper may receive a hint from these notes, which will prove to be of ma- terial assistance. Now it is not at all probable that any readers of this story will be circum- stanced just as this girl was, and find it mecessary to paper their rooms with posters for lack of money to buy conventional wall papers. But no doubt many a one may profit by the ideas of this re- sourceful girl in other directions. Posters would make an ex- cellent decoration for bungalow walls or the wooden walls of huts, summer shacks, house- boats and the like. In such places the ordinary ‘designs of wall-paper would be entirely out of place, but posters would be found quite in keep- ing with summer surroundings. As in all decorative work, the appearance of the finished poster wall will depend entirely upon the taste and artistic ability of the one who selects and arranges the pictures. are not made to order, but have to be taken as they come—in all shapes, large or small, gaily colored or delicately toned—the difficulty of car- rying out a definite scheme is rendered extremely perplexing, if not quite impossible. Unless a great deal of thought is exercised in matching the vari- ous pictures there is a great risk of making the walls look like a cheap billboard or the interior of a trolley car. It will be found advisable Since the materials to cut the pictures ineelyenan to odd shapes, so as to give variety to the Ww, cauleles paar pier. Advertising matter can thus be cut out without betraying the fact. Risteerqnuve met dry, the interiors of temporary summer homes are finished with burlap, or some such light ma- terial. While it might not be de- sirable to cover the entire surface of the wall with post- ers, a careful selec- tion of the best views for the purpose might be grouped in such a way There are many adver- as to relieve the monotony of a burlap wall. For in- which would be found available for decorative purposes. ground or mat. stance, it may be desirable to arrange the pictures in vertical or horizontal panels, with the colored burlap as a 266 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 sian Te is 18 tee a _tecgoe caps : eae pisses materi ra The entrance porch to a Dutch Colonial house July, rg1I AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 267 Two Types of Colonial Houses By Paul Thurston HE small Colonial house illustrated in this paper is of Dutch character, and it em- braces some of the latest ideas in modern architecture. It was designed and built to meet the usual conditions which the mod- ern social and economic developments de- mand of the man of modest means who desires to live within commuting distance of a metropolis. Harmonious within and without and built with an eye for convenience, economy and style, the house has something more—it has character. With many there is a certain amount of sentiment created from long association with old mansions in New England and in the South, while to others, when seen unexpectedly for the first time, they excite more than a passing interest. We speak of them as “Southern” and “New England,” ac- cording to various characteristics. Many architects have made visits to them in order to study the well-known types, so as to reproduce and render them suitable for modern building. The architect of Colonial times set about to carry out old rules with new means. He also made brick- work answer in place of the cut stone which would have been used in England. He often made a column from a tree, the diameter of which was much less than that called for by the rule of Vignola. Clapboards were laid close to the weather and near to the ground, waterproof building paper being unknown. To-day the situation is quite different, for a client selects his house by photograph or sketch made on paper, and instead of there being only several building ma- terials, as it was in the time of the older builders, the modern one is now deluged with samples of new and inter- GASOMGY BONY, A Dutch Colonial house built of brick and white clapboards esting material. Under these conditions it is not strange that the tendency of the times is to branch out into new styles rather than to conform to the old customs, and to apply the new methods and materials to improve just a little upon the work which the old builders did successfully. The house which forms the illustration of this paper is but one example, and it shows that the latter course is coming to be more and more the one which our best architects will follow in the development of future architecture for domestic use. It will be noticed how well the square, blunt outline of the building suits the location of a restricted city lot. The sim- ple detail of the architecture precludes a possibility of any pretensions to a larger house than it really is. The grouped windows of the lower story, with the formal entrance be- tween, suggest at once the Colonial scheme. The ceilings are low. ‘The marked difference between the ground plan and the two stories above is suggestive of the more domestic functions of the latter. This is further emphasized by the projection of the second story over the first, which conveys a feeling of extra comfort in the sleeping-rooms. The en- trance is more than a broad doorway, for it bespeaks some- thing of the dignity and the repose that is not ordinarily found in a house of this class. The first story of this build- ing is constructed of red brick laid in Flemish bond in white mortar. The superstructure is formed of wood, and is covered on the exterior with wide white-painted clapboards. The roof is covered with shingles and is stained a dark- green tone, that blends well with the brickwork and the white-painted clapboards. ‘The entrance is direct into the hall, which extends through the center of the house, and from which a staircase of graceful design ascends to the 268 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1911 second story. To the left of the hall is the living-room, plumbing of the type representing the latest improvements. which opens onto the sunroom built at the side of the house. There are two guest rooms and a suite of servant rooms This room has a quarry tile paved floor. To the right of in the third story. A laundry, hot-water heating apparatus and fuel-room ee are placed in the cellar. Mr. Joseph Duke Harrison, New York City, was the | architect. a A feature of the second floor is the arrangement of the toilet separate from the bathroom, which is quite essential where there is but one bathroom on a floor. The extra space required, and the small expense attached, is more than made up in the great convenience 4 | | | | ie obtained. ee HU The linen closet opposite the bath- i ee Tan room is of good size and is well fitted up with drawers and shelves. Roor The sleeping balcony, built over the kitchen, is a prominent feature of this floor. One of the bedrooms has a tiled hearth and facings, and a Colonial mantel made from a special design. A lavatory is built in between the two principal bedrooms, and is accessible from each. An unusual feature in this house is | BEO ROOM 4-6 x 18to” Third floor plan fhe» hall is the dining-room. The Wionold woot Kk Ge throughout 1S nicely molded in simple, evenly- spaced members, Perey — aN « ite and is treated p ig pA) re with a cream- white paint; with the exception of BED Room | Torey thesdoo rs. the hand-rail and the treads of the staircase, which are of mahogany. Glass doors open BED ROOM Bis Is-6 x 14-6" KITCHEN 10'o 13-6 from the hall into the living- and the > dining-rooms, and are flanked by station- ary glass panels, which serve to broaden the vista and add to the impression of |-2 : on Cy Boog} + \ spaciousness. The walls throughout are i. 17 , : . Coo c simply treated in yellow craft cartridge H Hy 1. ; i armoni . eats] ict bes I i paper, producing a harmonious color EP eoecy Py scheme. So Pp bette: ae Y: Gnao The furniture, which is exclusively of ceeeetees Zs ‘ « 7 er THC y oO 7 « ea iesieatt: Va mahogany or rosewood, shows a careful aaeeccen selection from the Colonial and the Chip- oo A) pendale models. In addition to these Reputation Be- hind It. American Homes @& Gardens RRR and Scientific American sent to one address for one year. $6 — REGULARLY Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance Gates of all designs and for all purposes. Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished. Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni- ture—Stable Fittings. F. E. CARPENTER CO., 253 Broadway New York City xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Johnson’s Wood Dye Endorsed by Architects-— Contractors — Painters — and Home Owners Everywhere OHNSON’S Wood Dye is not an ordinary stain—but a permanent Wood Finish of great beauty and durability for all interior trim and furniture of every character. Johnson’s Dye is now extensively used by leading architects and contractors every- where for finishing Red Gum—Cypress—and other soft woods as well as the most ex- pensive hard woods. It gives the wood a lasting, beautiful finish without raising the grain—and when used in connection with Johnson’s Prepared Wax it produces the beautiful, dull, artistic finish now so popular. Instruction and Specification Book FREE Let us furnish you a copy of the latest edition of our beautiful and profusely illustrated book on Wood Finishing, together with asample of any shade of dye desired. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 15 standard shades as listed below, and with it you can obtain any desired effect with the most inexpensive woods, ‘ No. 126 Light Oak No. 131 Brown Weathered Oak No, 123 Dark Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 125 Mission Oak No. 121 Moss Green ’ No. 140 Early English No. 122 Forest Green ‘ No. 110 Bog Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak F No, 128 Light Mahogany No. 178 Brown . No, 129 Dark Mahogany Flemish Oak y No, 130 Weathered Oak No. 120 Fumed Oak Half Gallons—$1.50 each Don’t you want this Book—Free—and samples of the Dye and Wax? local dealer for them. Ask your We have supplied him for your use but if he does not furnish you with them drop us a postal and we will see that the samples and book reach you at once. Ask for Booklet A.H.-7. To Architects: Beautiful sample panels of all woods now in use for interior trim will be furnished to you upon request, finished with our Dye and Wax. ‘These give the exact effects obtainable by their use. S.C. Johnson & Son The Wood Finishing Authorities Racine, Wis. Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas. sun dials and garden furniture or A 40 of wood columns. DON’T COOK THE COOK Hartmann - Sanders Co. Te “ECONOMY” GAS Exclusive Manufacturers of [_ =a J For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting “» Notable Examples Of INEXPENSIVE. DECORATION EN FURNISHING *TuE House BEAUTIFUL” is an illustrated monthly magazine, which gives you the ideas of experts on every feature of making the home, its appointments and It is invaluable for either mansion or cottage. shows how taste will go farther than money. Its teach- ings have saved costly furnishings from being vulgar— on the other:hand, thousands of inexpensive houses are exquisite examples of refined taste, as a result of its It presents this information interestingly and in a plain, practical way. Everything is illustrated: “‘The House Beautiful’ is a magazine which no woman interested in the beauty of her home can afford to be without. It is full of sug- gestions for house building, house decorating and furnishing, and is Ex. Pres. Nat. Federation of Women’ sClubs, A “House Beautif Our readers say the magazine is worth more than its subscription price, $3.00. But to have you testits value, for $1.00 we will mail you /vee, “The House Beau- tiful” Portfolio of Interior Decoration and Furnishing with a five months’ trial subscription. The Portfolio is a collection of color plates, picturing and des- cribing roomsin which good taste rather than lavish outlay has produced / charming effects. The Portfolio alone is a prize, money can notor- /7/ ,dinarily purchase. Enclose $I. oo with coupon filled outand sendto “7 Teal AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WOLFF PLUMBING Pty oe YEARS Orn ry OuwAx tity OES anything in the plans and specifications for a home interest a client—especially a woman—more than the bathroom and its equipment. It is the comjort-center of the household; and so long as houses are built to live in, the far-sighted architect will take no chances there. He knows that if 7¢ is not satisfactory the house will be viewed through dark glasses and mountains made of mole-hills. ‘The safe way is to specify bathroom, kitchen and laundry plumbing equipment that is manufactured throughout by one house, bearing the reputation that can be gained only one way. That’s ‘“‘WOLFF’S”? line. ESTABLISHED 1855 L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES 601 to 627 West Lake Street, - DENVER TRENTON Showrooms: 111 N, Dearborn Street, Chicago Chicago BRANCH OFFICES Si. LOUIS; MO‘, - 2210-2212 Pine St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.,615Northwestern Bldg. OMAHA, NEB., - CLEVELAND, OHIO, - Builders Exchange WASHINGTON, D.C., KANSAS CITY, MO., 1204 Scarrett Building BUFFALO, N. Y., - CINCINNATI, OHIO - - - - Monadnock Bldg. 1116-1118 Douglas St. 327 Bond Building 61 Manchester Place 506 Lyric Building STRENGTH Carlos, Lee Co., Fla., SATISFACTION ECONOMY STAMFORD Nov. 23, 1910 NATIONAL BANK Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co. Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co., Stamford, Conn., Ithaca, N. Y. Ithaca, N. Y. Nov. 10, 1910 Gentlemen: Jy & Mf The Cornell Portable House you sent CSMENEAE Ws chon LumPcr iv BED me some time ago I consider to be a ¢ g S : decidedly strong and well-braced struc- is exactly what I wanted. I congratulate myself in having put Gentlemen : ture, and it withstood almost the full the work in your hands. The No. 2 Garage which I bought force of the recent hurricane in Very truly yours, from you I found to be very satisfactory this part of Florida and sustained practi- HENRY B. EDDY in all respects, and I think I saved cally no damage, whereas appar- about 25 per cent. of what it ently stronger houses around it a e aS would cost me to have had a similar were demolished. — It is a very Satisfied Customers “‘tell the story.” If you | garage Eee Seppo uouseya nc. enuy sone need a practical, substantial building for any pur- °W. L. BALDWIN, LAPARITA HEALTH RESORT | pose, let us tell you what we can do for you. Cashier Fireproof Garages a specialty Illustrated catalog 4c. stamps WYCKOFF LUMBER & MFG. CO., 410 Green St., Ithaca, N. Y. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Aug. 2nd, 1909 The little bungalow you made on your special design for me July, 1911 ner of crying one’s wares, particularly in local advertising, are plainly set forth; the size and cost of posters are considered; and many color reproductions of actual posters are given throughout the work. The writer does not confine himself to the conception and coloring, but goes on to give practical information on checking the service, con- necting the advertising with the sales, the cost of posting by States, and general hints to advertiser and poster. Accompanying the reproductions of posters that have be- come familiar to all of us, are running comments epitomizing their faults and vir- tues. The official list of Associated Bill Posters is included in the volume. FarM DEVELOPMENT. By Willet M. Hays, Assistant Secretary United States De- partment of Agriculture. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Tribner & Cos, Ltd. New York: Orange Judd Com- pany, 1910. Pp. xiix391. 281 illustra- tions. A notable contribution to the literature of agriculture in its practical aspects has recently been issued under the title of “Farm Development,’ by the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, Willet M. Hays. From his long and wide experience as a teacher and investigator in the college and school of agriculture of the University of Minnesota and as administrative officer in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Sec- retary Hays has prepared a most instruc- tive discussion on soils, selecting and planning of farms, subduing fields, drain- age, roads, and fences, introducing the whole with chapters dealing with the re- lations of general science to agriculture and with farming as a vocation. THE ForEST AND THE SAW MILL. Chicago: National Lumber Manufacturers’ As- sociation, 1910. 8vo.; 269 ppt.) Price. 50 cents. The eighth annual convention of the National Lumber Manufacturers’ Associa- tion was held in April, 1910, at New Orleans. This is the official report of the convention, and is dedicated to those who are seeking practical means of forest con- servation. Among the papers read before the assembly, and here given in full, are “The Problems of Private Forestry ;” “The Lumber Production of the United States ;” and a symposium of trade relations and conditions under such headings as “The Coastwise Trade;” ““Waste of Natural Re- sources;” and “Insurance and Price Problems.” It is hard to find a phase of the subject which is not ably presented. Freight classification, forest fire protection, the common interests of banks and lumber- men—all are carefully discussed by men thoroughly conversant with facts and con- ditions. Art-Crarts Lamps. How to Make Them. By John D. Adams. Chicago: Popular Mechanics Company, 1911. 12mo.; 87 pp.; 16 designs. Price, 25 cents. The aim of this handbook is to enable anyone to construct from paper, cardboard, and wood, with the aid of a sharp knife and a little paint and glue, really artistic lamps for the hall, the den, the porch, and the dining-room. The designs run from simple portable lamps to four-light chandeliers. THE AUTOMOBILE. Its Selection, Care and Use. By Robert Sloss. New York: Outing Publishing Company, 1910. 194 pp. Price, S125: A very good little book, that should prove valuable not only to intending purchasers of a machine, but also to those who already possess one. National Photo- Engraving Company @ Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative Purposes :-: :: Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" 14-16-18 Reade St., New York ee ke ber ON TE, SLIP, A BOX OF ~ SCANDIES IN YOUR GRIP. Vn = oh “ae HE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods, Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also_ makes brilliant illumination. I MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. A House Lined with Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Sample and Circular Free CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED | gules U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 1! cross.sEcTION THROUGH FLoor, 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY VERTICAL SECTION, Summer Heat and Dust Cannot Harm the Furniture Dusted With YANN NRK, If there is any one season of the year that tries furniture MOST, it is Summer. Doors and windows are open. Dust finds its way in. The heat makes fine finishes sticky and cloudy. What to do? Dust every day with LIQUID VENEER. It is good for everything—from the cheapest kitchen chairs to the costliest piano—not forgetting all metal work, even to the very chandeliers. Remember, LIQUID VENEER is not a furniture polish, but an everyday aid in dusting. When used on an ordinary cheesecloth duster it removes not only every speck of dust, but also finger marks, spots, stains, blemishes and scratches, at the same time restoring the original newness of the surface, whether it be wood, enamel, gilt, silver, brass or lacquer. Unequaled for hard wood floors. There is nothing ‘‘just as good’’as LIQUID VENEER. TRIAL BOTTLE FREE To prove for yourself that LIQUID VENEER wi//do all this, that it w7z/Z/ lessen house work drudgery, and that it wz/7 CHEER UP the home as nothing else will, sign and mail |the attached ‘CHEER UP”’ Coupon today for a free sample bottle. Doing this costs only a two cent stamp and places you under no obligation. Sign and mail the coupon today—NOW. Buffalo Specialty Company, 26 Liquid Veneer Bldg., Buffalo, N.Y. COU PON BUFFALO SPECIALTY CO. 26 Liquid Veneer Bldg. BUFFALO, N. Y. Please send me, free, and without further obligation ff y part, sample bottle of J VENEER. on my LIQUID STREET & NO, ------------------020-02 2 City & STATE---- Ss Fire Hose Reel for Interior tures of a lawn sprinkler with the special qualities of a spiral hose reel. It is practically indestructible —also adds to the life of hose by thoroughly draining, after use, by its spiral wind. It is also neat and compact and can be handled and ope- rated with ease. Price complete, fitted with 100 of our # in. garden hose and nozzle, $15.00. Are You Prepared to Fight a Fire? Investigate the Fire Fighting Qualities of immons Fire Equipment Don’t Wait for a Fire—Get a Fire Fighter Now! For the HOME For the YACHT For ‘the AUTOMOBILE “Simmons” Fire Extinguisher @ Means instant fire protection at the critical moment. An ideal extinguisher for the home; portable, light and com- pact. Easily handled, nothing to get out of order. To operate—simply invert and an effective stream is right at hand. Its popularity is attested by the thousands now in use In prominent buildings, hotels and homes throughout the country. Let us send you one. Capacity 3 Gallon, $9.00, Delivered Anywhere Our Catalogue on Fire Fighting Equipment Cheerfully Sent on Request You Should Have a Copy Our Garden Specialties Protection Simmons Hose Reel Garden Hose SIMMONS DRY POWDER is practically everlasting, some EXTINGUISHER : : : Especially Adapted for of it having been in use for Yachts,Automobiles, Switch years and even now giving as Boaxds good service as when first 8 purchased. Of course this is materially ies to its con- cs struction, it being carefully woven and having an inner: tube of pure rubber, an important feature which exists ut in few other brands on the market. This in turn enables us to give it our broadest Pk _ and accounts for its wide-spread popularity teppehout the © country. @ This device owes its great demand to the fact that it combines the fea- John Simmons Company, *s..° New Z O ant GARDENS and DA MV | I EO N AND IUN A | The “re WH Life ee HEN you plan a beautiful colonial entrance, tell your architect or painter to ‘‘Use Vitralite to make it white.” Vitralite never discolors, never cracks like ordinary enamels, but gives a full, rich, porcelain-like gloss that remazns. It flows easily, dries hard and smooth without trace of brush mark or lap. You can use it on all surfaces, indoors or out—on wood, plaster or metal. It forms an absolutely opaque covering on all surfaces; you can make anything just pure white. Vitralite is but one of the 300 Pratt & Lambert products typified by the famous “61”? Floor Varnish, that durable, tough coating that makes floors mar- proof, water-proof, heel-proof. Send for Free Sample Panel Finished with “‘61”’ and test it. Ask for ‘‘ The Finished Floor’’— tells how to finish and care for floors. If you are building or decorating, send the name of architect and painter and ask for our booklet, ‘Decorative In- terior Finishing,’’ a valuable guide to decorating the home. If your dealercan not supply the “‘P & L’’ Var- nish you want, send to 119 Tonawanda St., Buffalo, N. Y. In Canada, 63 Courtwright St., Bridgeburg, Ontario. EE PRATT & LAMBE New Yorn Burris Cuicaco ESTABLISHED 62 YEARS “Concon “Panis Brivcesurc CANADA Hal mt eee (Handy Man’s Workshop } and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- iD fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by.keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks’’ as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up a Workshop ; IJ., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. MUNN & CO., Inc. \ 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK Zw An Important Factor . In the success of a magazine is the enthusiasm of its readers. In the past many new names have been added to our list as a result of the enthusiasm of our subscribers, hence we have evolved a plan by which they may be benefited in return for the aid they give us in increasing the circulation of “American Homes and Gardens.” Here is the way: Simply send us the names of the people whom you think will be interested in “American Homes and Gardens” and we will do the rest. An accurate record will be kept of all lists re- ceived and for each new subscription we receive from the names sent to us, we will extend the subscription of the person who sent us the list for four months. Thus if we receive three new subscriptions from any list we will extend the subscription of the person who sent us the list for a full year. Always be careful to write your own name and address on each list you send us. Send as many names as you wish, the more names you send us the larger the number of subscriptions we will probably receive and consequently the longer will be the period for which your personal subscription will be extended. Mail all lists to Circulation Department, American Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York City. TTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE By RALPH C. DAVISON HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner the var- ious methods of casting concrete for ornamental and useful, pur- poses and covers the entire field of ornamental concrete work. It tells how to make all kinds of concrete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes- tals, concrete benches, concrete fences, etc. Full practical instructions are given for constructing and finishing the differ- ent kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames and modeling the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing the various objects. With the information given in this book any handyman or novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material, and has explained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt- ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which is necessary with the former material. The information on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as there is little known on the subject and there is a large growing de- mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. VIII. Selection of Aggregates. IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with Colored Tile. X. Concrete Pedestals. XI. Concrete Benches. XII. Concrete Fences. . XIII. Miscellaneous, including Tools, Water proofing and Reinforcing. CONCRETE PO I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- eling the Cement Mortar into Form. III, Plaster Molds for Simple Forms. — IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having Curved Outlines. V. Combination of Casting and Model- ing—An Egyptian Vase. VI. Glue Molds. VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs with same. 16 mo. 5%4x7'% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a- bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. _ MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK August, I91t AME RIGANeeEOMES AND GARDENS THE FREEZING POINT OF ORANGES SERIES of important and interesting experiments has just been carried out in the laboratory of Rollins Col- lege, Winter Park, Fla., by Dr. O. W. Sad- ler, Jr., for the purpose of determining the freezing points of the juices of different varieties of oranges. The juices of the ordinary orange, tangerine, grapefruit and tardiff (Valencia), were tested for this purpose. In preparing for the test, several pieces ot each variety from oranges from different trees were selected, and three samples from each piece were used for the test. The juice of each sample was strained and cooled, and with the thermometer immersed in it, was watched closely as the mercury went down, readings of the instrument be- ing taken every few seconds, and at the moment freezing began, the temperature was carefully recorded. The following are the averages of the repeated tests: Freezing point of the juice of the ordi- nary orange, 21.79 deg. F. Freezing point of the juice of the tangerine, 22.57 deg. F. Freezing point of the juice of the grape- fruit, 22.16 deg. F. Freezing point of the juice of the tardiff, 21.87 deg. F. The temperature of the freezing varied in the different samples of the same variety, the range being 19.40 deg. to 22.44 deg. F. The thermometer used was a high-grade instrument that had been compared with the Rollins College standard thermometer, one of Henry J. Green’s best instruments. DISSOLVING GLASS IN WATER VERY kind of glass at a sufficiently high temperature must, it appears from German experiments recently made, eventually show complete solubil- ity in water. Under pressure, glass dis- solves in water heated to 410 deg. F. Sea- water more than 660 feet beneath the sur- face will remain liquid at that tempera- ture, and if it penetrates the earth’s crust where the temperature is equally high, it will, apart from the pressure, liquefy the silicates, or glassy rocks. The German experiments point to the conclusion that, at a depth of about five miles, silicates in contact with water are virtually fluid, and that the level of aqueous fusion in the earth is five times nearer the surface than is that of igneous fusion. THE WATER MONKEY S temperatures rise and the de- mand for cool drinks increases, it is well to consider some means of se- curing a palatable cold drink that will not only be free from the objections raised by many to iced drinks, but will also be economical. Those who have been on ship- board in the tropics will recall the water monkey, a porous jar filled with water and hung in a breeze so that evaporation from its surface would cool its contents. Now that electric fans are universally used, it seems someone should invent a convenient, effective holder for a water bottle with wet cloths or some similar absorbent covering for the bottle to place in the range of an electric fan so that the latter would, by evaporating the water from around the bot- tle or other water holder, cool the water to a pleasant temperature for drinking. This need not in any way detract from the pri- mary purpose of the fan and the cooling de- vice could be made entirely independent of the fan and of the bottle and adapted to receive any desired form of water-holding vessel. SMITHSON), 7 NABIS Sugar Wafers The one confection that offers unalloyed sweetness without cloying the ap- petite—offering the fragile goodness so desirable in an after-dinner EAN \ tidbit. Nabisco Sugar Wafers are appropriate at all times and on all occasions. They are enjoyed by the little ones as well as grown-ups. in ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins NATIONAL BISCUIT mT A.BRooKkseCo. cievelAX®.0 Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOR@SIDEWALK LIGHTS. Senor CATALOGues VICTOR &§Fationary Vacuum Cleaners We make a specialty of Electric Stationary Vacuum Cleaners for residence work. | H.P. motor. You can install it yourself in two hours time; only one pipe required and that made from nickle- plated tubing; slip joints with polished fittings, no threads to be cut; can be installed in the finest homes without any disfigurement. Electric Portable Vacuum Cleaners, the finest in the land. Special inducements if you buy direct. Send for printed matter. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY, Manufacturers, York, Pa. ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS se E x DS a b es CONNECTICUT At Stamford, Gonn. LARGE AND SMALL FARMS SHORE AND COUNTRY HOMES VIRGINIA Md \SROBUCT ESTATES ‘(PRODUCTIVE FARMS Largest exclusive dealers in the South Agencies at all principal points SOULE REALTY COMPANY Department M WASHINGTON, D. C. Wve BEAUTIFUL BUILDING SITES OVER- LOOKING THE SOUND 26 Park Row Stamford, Conn. Greenwich, Conn. | Riecidence codoomntes Home Location Charmingly located, fine train service and everything the best A Country Seat bought here for a Home, or for an In- vestment, is by far the Best that America can afford May I have the early opportunity to show you around? ( Laurence Timmons, OP®-®-R; Station, Telephone 456 PENNSYLVANIA For Sale TRACT 110 feet front, 393 feet depth Situated at the ‘‘Knob,’’ Tunnel Mountain MT. POCONO, PENNSYLVANIA This site offers the most beautiful view in the Poconos, which practically every visitor to the Poconos drives to the “Knob” to see, overlooking virgin forests in the valleys be low, with Delaware Water Gap in the distance. 2,000 feet elevation, delightfully cool location, supply of pure spring water on property, easy walking distance to railroad station, an ideal location for mountain bungalow. DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY WILMINGTON, DEL. EK. P. JORDAN, “ANTRIM” FOR SALE This charming Country Estate of one hundred acres of most fertile land, beautiful old Colonial brick residence of sixteen rooms and bath, bil- liard room, and all modern conveniences, only one mile from Warrenton, Virginia, must be sold. There is a large stable, cow barn, rac- ing stable, and all necessary out-buildings. Eight hundred acres adjoining, may be pur- chased, making one of the most attractive Estates in Virginia. For detailed description of this and many other large, and small farms, orchard properties, grazing lands etc., write to, HARRY M. HUBBELL Warrenton, Fauquier Co., Virginia NEW YORK FOR SALE AT RYE, N. Y. About 20 Acres immediately adjoining Estate of Geo. D. Barron, illustrated in this number. Suitable for fine home or development. Will divide. Address Cc. E. ANDERSON New York City 4 Mt. Morris Park West If you are looking for a place in THE COUNTRY and have settled on a certain section, but are not in touch with a Reliable Real Estate Agent, tell your story to us and our assistance and suggestions are yours, free. THE REAL ESTATE MART 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY WASHINGTON, D.C. National and International Real Estate Transactions The Elite Patronage of the United States GRANT PARISH The Premier Broker in Cou e ntry Property in the United States <=. eS Ae Se xe . ‘Ea Special A4.-—A classical Southern Estate; mansion of 25 rooms, modern luxury, costly buildings, 20 acres of land, fashionable locality and elite section, magnificent park o1 landscape gardening, forest, terraces. 15 minutes from town. Price $60,000, Printed description. Special A3.—Gentlemen’s Country Estate, 40 m!nutes from “ White House.” 80 acres, large handsone brick residence, 16 rooms, command- ing elevation, stately forest grove, delightful Southern all year home on the edge of Washington. $25,000. Printed description. Country Estates de Luxe. residential domains, farms, plantations, elite villas, and marine estates in the aristocratic locations of the United States. Europe—Princely domains, estates, villas, apartments, town houses. GRANT PARISH, 1429 New York Ave.. WASHINGTON, D. C. NEW YORK Do You Want to Purchase A Home? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens“ new Advertising Section “The Real Estate Mart” Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” care AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. August, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii THE COLLECTION IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM UBLIC attention should be directed toward the urgent need of a collec- tion of North American woods in the National Museum at Washington. The lumber industry of the United States stands fourth in the value of its product. Yet there is no place in the United States where a complete collection of North American woods is exhibited except in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Timber merchants and wood users recognize the need of men technically trained for identifying woods. Such work can only be carried on in con- nection with a complete collection of au- thentic wood specimens. The demand for authoritative information regarding com- mercial woods is continually increasing. Most large colleges and universities are provided with means for giving practical instruction in assaying. Ores and precious stones are in museum collections for observation, study and experiments. Every opportunity is afforded the student to be- ceme familiar with the subject in all its phases. It is vastly different when one looks for the same opportunities in that study of woods which is technically known as “xyology.” Institutions of learning have collections of mosses and alge obtained through considerable expense; they have microscopic slides of desminds and diatoms which have no interest to the average lay- man and only to comparatively few sys- tematists. The economic value of the groups of plants represented by these objects is very small compared to the product of the forest, and yet the latter has received very little recognition in system- atic museum work. There are numerous purposes, each one of which in itself would be amply sufficient to justify a collection of authentic wood samples in the National Museum. The chief purposes are to instruct the public and to furnish materials for the investigator. In the main, the collection should consist of a reference collection and exhibition material. A collection of woods should not alone be a storehouse of facts, but it is important that provision should be made from the start for a laboratory. The aim of a refer- ence collection is two-fold, the one striv- ing toward a knowledge of the structure of wood and the other toward the diffusion of that knowledge. The former consists in investigating and discovering new facts, while the latter tends toward educating the people and applying the discovered facts to the advantage of all. Aside from the need of this collection there should be a museum collection similar to the one in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York city. No pains should be spared to secure similar material for exhibition pur- poses in Washington. In addition to the exhibition samples and enlarged micro- photographs of transverse and longitudinal sections, it will be necessary to show speci- mens of leaves from the trees and a map giving the range of growth and informa- tion as to the uses of the wood. Not only should every effort be made to obtain representative specimens of native woods, but the plans and buildings should be large enough to hold woods from other countries. It has been estimated that the collection of a complete set of North American wood samples alone would require a million dollars’ endowment. Whatever the expenditure, it would be an unusually good investment of national funds. The IMPORTANCE OF A WOOD Poultry, Pet and Liue Stork Directory Shetland Ponies ‘ An unceasing source of Me) pleasure and robust health 7 to children, Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. Com- plete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue free, BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. W, Markham, Va. “The Human Talker” The Parrot Aristocrat This breed of Double Yellow-Headed Parrots is hand-raised exclusively for us by our own Parrot experts in Old Mexico. They are big, beautiful plumaged birds, gentle, kind and intelligent. They imitate the human voice perfectly and are the most talkative of any known breed of Parrots, hence their registered name ‘‘Human-Talker."' They are sold under written guarantee to learn to talk to your satisfaction. on 6 months trial. Shipped by express anywhere in U.S. or Canada. ‘ Price $10; After Oct. 1st, $15 Other varieties of Mexican Parrots, $4.50. One enthusiastic Owner writes: Sharon, Conn., February 12th, 1910 Our H. T. Parrot is learning to read. I give hima bit of paper and he will say ‘‘A.B.C..° He sings ‘"Yankee Doodle.’ ‘‘Little Brown Jug, © speaks all our names, says ‘‘How do you do, this morning?” whistles for the dog and calls him Benny ~ etc. Mks. SARAH A. Ross. Catalog, Booklet and Proofs, free Write today MAX GEISLER BIRD CO., Dept.N.1. Omaha, Neb. Largest and oldest mail order Bird and Pet Animal House in the world. Est. 1€88. POMERANIANS AND COLLIES POM PATCH TUFNELL (A. K. C. 117.920) 3% lbs., black. A winner of many prizes in the hottest competition. Sire of beautiful small puppies. Fee, $25 prepaid GENERAL BOGIE (a. K. Cc. 130,221) 8 lbs., American bred, black. Sire of the winner, Oak Hill Clover. Fee, $15 prepaid We have pedigreed puppies and grown stock of both breeds for sale. OAK HILL KENNELS ELLIS PLACE OSSINING, N. Y. Telephone, 323 Ossining Planning the Bungalow HE September issue of Amer- ican Homes and Gardens will have as its main article one on Planning and Build- ing a Bungalow. Other articles will deal with appropriate decorations and furnishings, and suggestions as to what is and what is not a bungalow. Advertising Forms Close August 10th Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York The Home of the Thoro’bred, Blue Ribbon, Utility Bred, Stock and Poultry Faultless Houdans The 300 eggs hen which has been produced thro’ 21 consecutive years of trap nest breeding. These hens average 250 eggs a year and our best specimens lay up to 304eggs. These fowl are ex- tremely hardy —are non-setters —lay the largestegg of any breed and average 75 eggs more a year than any other fowlonearth. They have won every blue ribbon at New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Chicago shows forthe past six years. Send 10c. for the largest illustrated poultry catalog ever printed. Also some beautiful Welsh and Shetland ponies for sale, Jersey cattle that are great milk and butter producers. E. F. McAVOY p Secretary Houdan Club Cambridge, N. Y. If You are interested in Poultry, Pets or Live Stock, you will find these subjects de- scribed in forthcoming issues -of American Homes and Gardens These articles will probably start with the next issue, (Sep- tember) and each one will be of an instructive and interesting by the best authors in these lines. nature— written The new advertising depart- ment under the heading Poultry, Pet and Live Stock Directory should have your careful atten- tion. In writing to advertisers mention A. H. and G. Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, I9II Davis, McGrath C> Shepard, Arch’ts, N.Y. Stain Your Bungalows Don’t paint them. Stain them all over, roofs, siding, and trimmings, with Cabot’s Shingle Stains The “‘ painty ”’ effect does not harmonize with bungalow con- ditions, but our stains produce the soft transparent colors that ex- actly suit. They cost only half as much as paint, and can be put on at half the expense. If your bungalow is in the woods, away from skilled labor, you or your man can apply them perfectly. They are made of Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood, Cabot's Stains are sold allover the country. Send for samples on wood, and name of nearest agent. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. Manufacturing Chemists 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. THREAD are made seamless, of pure wool or and camels pate ia any THREAD) THRUM width up to tTHruM| RUGS 16 FEET and in any length, color, or com- bination of colors. 65 regular shades—any other shading made to match. Send for color card. “You choose the Arnold, Constable & Co., Selling Agents, New York colors,we'll make Thread & Thrum Work Shop, Auburn, N.Y. the rug.”’ “RUGS PROTECT Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. Bristol’s Recording Thermometers Continuously and automatically record indoor and outdoor atmos- pheric temperatures. Useful and ornamental for country homes. Write for illustrated Bulletin No. 124 and No. 125. THE BRISTOL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut THREE THINGS YOU NEED FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in heavy galvanized bucket with bail. Odor- 5 ; less, proof against rats, cats and dogs or % ; ; “ the smaller, death dealing pest, the house Opens with the Foot fly, Health demands it. No Odor | Underground Garbage Receiver mse Underfloor Refuse Receiver Bie | Underground Earth Closet SECOND: This clean, convenient way of disposing of kitchen ashes, cel- lar and yard refuse, does away with the ash or dirt barrel nuisance. Stores your oily waste and sweepings. Fire- proof, flush with garage floor. THIRD: It supplies a safe and sanitary method to keep your water supply safe from pollution. It prevents Easy to sweep into danger from the house or typhoid fly, camp or farm, disseminating its poisonous germs around to your family. Nine Years in practical use. It pays to look us up. Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg. 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. A Camp Necessity buildings and contents of the South Ken- sington Museum in London cost Great Britain about five million dollars, and com- petent authorities estimate that an auction on the premises would bring not less than one hundred million dollars. If suitable quarters are provided there is no doubt that a donation in the form of specimens and money, worth many times the original out- lay, will be received. Large importers of foreign high-class cabinet woods will be anxious to exhibit samples of their choice woods. Not a tew people are attracted by a collection of woods as much as by one of agricultural products. Undoubtedly a wood collection appeals to the public, and where this is the case much that is valuable will soon find its way to the museum. Foresters with zeal and ability will doubt- less collect and donate samples of wood from all parts of the world. All that is re- quired is to prepare the place and the proper publicity will guarantee the material in due time. Invaluable material can be readily obtained through consulates. Other muse- ums having material in storage would doubtless loan or donate a considerable share of it to the national collection. Every country in South America would be glad to exhibit in the capital of the United States representative samples of the product of their forests. There can be no doubt that a national institution such as this would attract men of learning, for it would open an entirely new line of work from which the industrial and scientific world could draw invaluable information. Foreseeing the benefits which would result to science and industry by the successful establishment of a representative wood collection, it seems doubly imperative that immediate steps should be taken to carry these suggestions into effect. TWO NOVEL FOLDING BOATS HE advantage of a life raft over a life boat lies in the fact that the former occupies less storage space, com- pared to its capacity, than the latter. On the other hand, the ordinary raft, if loaded to its rated capacity, is far more liable to upset in rough water than the life boat, and is otherwise unmanageable. In order to render life boats less bulky, an inventor has devised a folding boat, which will permit of easy handling and be economical. The flat bottom of the boat is hinged along the center and the sides of the boat are hinged to the stem and stern posts, so that the boat may be folded in a perfectly flat posi- tion so that it can be readily stowed away in a minimum of space on board ship. The boat may be extended into posi- tion for use by merely operating a winch at one side. This serves to press the bottom down while the sides are extended by means of a pair of cross-braces hinged at one side and provided with rollers at the other bearing against plates on the gun- wale. Every precaution has been taken to make the joints perfectly watertight by the use of rubber gaskets and mortise con- nections. OIL-CEMENT CONCRETE N important investigative work dur- ing the last year was the develop- ment of an oil-cement concrete, and from results obtained the experiments in- dicate that it would be practical to use this material for floors, cellars, foundation walls, tanks, silos, manure pits, and similiar construction, where strength, solidity and waterproof qualities are required. This Portable Fireproof Garage isthe only absolutely fire- proot portable garage. Made entirely of galvanized : -j steel. No wood. Ashand- g some and substantial as masonr one-half to one-third the cost. Lasts a lifetime. You can put up or take down in a few hours. All parts interlock and no frame work or foundation is required. EVERY INCH A SUBSTANTIAL, FIREPROOF,- PORTABLE BUILDING. By the ; PRUDEN SYSTEM of Portable Fire- proof Construction we also build ideal cottages, hunting lodges, boat houses, work shops, etc, Every Pruden Building is guaranteed. Write us the name of GET OUR FREE CATALOG $3 seed my number for catalog and price of suitable size garage. Write today. ~ Ee g METAL SHELTER CO., 5-60 W. Water St., St. Paul, Minn. STANDING SEAM| ROOF IRONS Cuince right through the | standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA The Schilling Press Printers BOOK AND CATALOG WORK OF ALL KINDS @ Fine Art Press Work a Specialty 137-139 E. 25ih ST., NEW YORK Printers of "American Homes and Gardens" Take offjourlat 2S. yf Write tou Geulece EE E. "Myers & Bro vf ERS Ashiand, Onie Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND. OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock _ MARCO EAD assuring you of fresh air and. pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Bote MANUFAcTUZERS ... NEW HAVEN, CONN, August, I9II PLANNING THE BUNGALOW Co. dweller in city apartments should find in the bunga- low a certain “homey” feeling unknown to the man who lives in the ordinary country house. It is in a sense a detached apartment—a one-floor home, with no stairs to climb, and many city dwellers have almost forgotten how to climb stairs. Because this home does not have to be sandwiched between other apartments, nor be confined within the limits of a 25x100-foot lot, it permits of a great variety of treatment. Bungalow architecture is so com- paratively new that we have scarcely begun to realize its possibilities. Discussions of this subject full of practical suggestions, and illustrated with a large number of photo- graphs, will be published in the September issue of AMER- ICAN HoMeEs AND GARDENS. Not only is the exterior of the bungalow odd and interesting, but the interior as well adapts itself to a large variety of novel arrangements. It should properly be looked upon as a very informal sort of building, hence much of the furniture and the interior deco- rations may be made at home. Some suggestions on mak- ing burlap curtains, table-covers, pillows and the like will also be contained in our September number. ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE Ve comes it that engineering works of magnitude are so frequently devoid of any pretense to artistic beauty? Great dignity they have, and an impres- siveness which is almost dramatic; but too often one’s eye ranges over the whole length and breadth of one of these structures, in the vain attempt to gain from them at least some measure of satisfaction for that artistic feeling which is present, consciously or unconsciously, in the majority of men. The engineer, of course, will tell you that a properly designed structure, one that adequately fulfils its purpose, is beautiful by virtue of its very adaptability; he will re- mind you that since his structures are works of strict utility, their broad outlines, their proportions, aye, and even their very details, are determined, not by human caprice, but by certain underlying and inexorable laws of mechanics, and that any wilful departure from these laws for the sake of artistic effect can be made only at considerable cost. He will remind you that since forces act in straight lines, it is imperative upon him to give to his engineering struc- tures those rectilinear forms which are the despair of the artist and the man of “soulful” tendency. Now, although the attitude of the engineer, as thus broadly stated, is perfectly consistent with the facts; and although a well-designed engineering work does possess a certain beauty, due to its perfect adaptation to its duty, it cannot be denied that in the case of many such structures, were an architect called in for consultation, he could suggest slight modifications of form, and even a modest use of archi- tectural decorations, which would accentuate the purpose of the work, and, at a comparatively slight cost, add largely to its dignity and beauty. That the engineer and the architect can collaborate to good effect is proved by the good taste with which archi- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Semin) Se tectural embellishment has been applied to that monumental structure, the Manhattan suspension bridge across the East River. Here the massive colonnades above the anchorages, the ornamental iron work of the finials above the main towers, and the slight decorative details of the floor system at once adorn the structure and emphasize its structural meaning. AVIATION AND THE COUNTRY HOME Y ‘HE long-predicted era in which flying machines will be as common as automobiles is now so imminent that it behooves us to consider what effect it may have upon the architecture of the country home, or upon the ar- rangement of the grounds about it. Not only must the coun- try estate be provided with its garage, but it must have its hangar too. It is possible that in order to provide a good landing place a flat-topped roof may be necessary in the more congested parts, such as country towns, but where there is plenty of room a cuitable stretch of lawn will be almost indispensable. This will no doubt call for changes in the plans of the landscape gardener. It may seem rather early to discuss these points, but it must be recalled that cross-country flying as a sport has gained a firm foothold in France and other European countries, and even in our own land we are mak- ing progress, as shown by the recent long flights of Atwood. A general discussion of the probable developments neces- sary to meet the requirements of aviation as an amateur sport will be given by Mr. Waldemar B. Kaempffert in the September AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. ALICE M. KELLOGG W are deeply pained to record the decease of one of our most valued contributors—Alice M. Kellogg —on the 14th day of June. Her article, “How to Build and Furnish a Country Home for One Thousand Dol- lars,” well illustrates the temper of her mind. Inthis as inall her writings the practical tendency clearly appears; even the bungalow she felt to be worthy of ennobling thought. Our readers had recognized that her opinions on House Arrange- ments were conclusive, and turned to her at once for advice when an expenditure in this direction was determined upon. She had not only a refined taste regarding the proper fit- tings of the house, but a conception of the bearing of these on the life and thought of the occupants. She did not con- sider that the house was furnished merely because a quan- tity of furniture, no matter how elegant, had been placed in it; rather she believed that the furniture, like the house, should reflect the character of the owner. Her book (1895), “House Furnishing Practical and Artistic,” proved that she had mastered this new art. Its readers felt it was possible to give expression to noble ideas in selecting and arranging the furnishings of even the humblest homes. Its auth:- must be credited with having labored to bring beauty into the household; with having the fixed desire to add to the dignity and enjoyment of the home. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, I91I Johnson’s Wood Dye Endorsed by Architects-—Contractors — Painters — and Home Owners Everywhere | ey S Wood Dye is not an ordinary stain—but a permanent Wood Finish of great beauty and durability for all interior trim and furniture of every character. Johnson’s Dye is now extensively used by leading architects and contractors every- where for finishing Red Gum—Cypress—and other soft woods as well as the most ex- pensive hard woods. It gives the wood a lasting, beautiful finish without raising the grain—and when used in connection with Johnson’s Prepared Wax it produces the beautiful, dull, artistic finish now so popular. Instruction and Specification Book FREE Let us furnish you a copy of the latest edition of our beautiful and profusely illustrated book on Wood Finishing, together with asample of any shade of dye desired. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 15 standard shades as listed below, and with it you can obtain any desired effect with the most inexpensive woods, No. 126 Light Oak No. 131 Brown Weathered Oak No. 123 Dark Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 125 Mission Oak No. 121 Moss Green No. 140 Early English No. 122 Forest Green No. 110 Bog Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 178 Brown No. 129 Dark Mahogany Flemish Oak No. 180 Weathered Oak No. 120 Fumed Oak Talf Gallons—$1.50 each Don’t you want this Book—Free—and samples of the Dye and Wax? Ask your local dealer for them. We have supplied him for your use but if he does not furnish you with them drop us a postal and we will see that the samples and book reach you at once. Ask for Booklet A.H.-8. To Sirchitects: yocisnoy inv or interior trim will be furnished to you upon request, finished with our Dye and Wax. These give the exact effects obtainable by their use. S. C. Johnson & Son The Wood Finishing Authorities Racine, Wis. The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. :: Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of A diversas which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate 1 in boys the creative spirit. q Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of mis- cellaneous devices, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. *WILLOWCRAFT’”’ is different from any other willow furniture. There is no ‘‘just as good as.’’ The lines are original, cleverly artistic; the material and work- manship insure a life time of service and comfort. ‘‘Willowcraft’’ is imitated but never equalled. Look for the ‘‘Willowcraft’’ stamp under each piece of the genuine. If your dealer doesn't carry the genuine, send for names of ‘‘Willow- craft’’ dealers, illustrated catalogue and price list. THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS North Cambridge, Mass. AN ELECTRICALLY-HEATED STEAM BOILER STEAM generator is made by a New York firm for use on trains running over sections of line in which electric locomotives are used. The generator con- sists of a cylindrical boiler arranged with its axis vertical and having tubes extend- ing between tube plates at the top and bot- tom. Into each tube, which is closed at the bottom by a screw plug, there is slipped an electric heating element. This com- prises a number of steatite tubes threaded on a metal rod with special stellate porcelain insulators of larger diameter between them. These porcelain insulators fit into a thin brass tube and serve to keep the resistance wire, which is wound on the steatite tubes, out of contact with the brass tube. Fine siliceous sand is used to fill up the space between the resistance wire and the interior of the brass tube. All the elements are con- nected in parallel to bus-bars through fuses which blow when the current rises to 60 per cent. above normal. A boiler 3 feet 10 inches in diameter and 4 feet 6 inches long (between tube plates), with 148 2-inch diameter tubes, has a maximum evapora- ting capacity of 850 pounds of steam per hour at 110 pounds per square inch, with current at 666 volts. It gave an efficiency of 91.9 per cent. at 653 volts and 470 am- peres in a New York Central locomotive. THE ATMOSPHERE OF CITIES HE German scientists are studying the atmospheric conditions of their cities. The fact that sunshine lessens as population becomes more dense, and especially when the activity of indus- trial centers expands superficially and in- creases in intensity, has long been noted. An increasing tendency to fog has also been observed, and both are effects of the imper- fect and incomplete combustion of coal. Modern industry pays toll for this in the injury of delicate fabrics, the general de- preciation in the value of many articles of trade and household use, and the increased cost of cleansing. Since the battle is waged with growing energy against tuberculosis, physicians and students of social science feel that the problem of purer air for the dwellers in cities has become one of the first importance. Statistics have been collected for some time past. They demonstrate that little sunshine falls to the lot of the residents of industrial cities even when the sun is ob- scured by smoke particles. In no German city has the loss of sunshine, due to fogs, equaled that of London, where the foggy days during the three months of December, January and February increased from 18 to 31 during the last half of the last century. INCREASING USE OF AUTOMOBILES BY FARMERS CCORDING to the Bureau of Sta- tistics at Washington, a careful com- pilation of all available returns has shown that last year the farmers of this country purchased 26,000 automobiles—an increase of 85 per cent. over the previous year and more than 400 per cent. over the number of cars purchased by them in 1909. The farmers of the South and West espe- cially have come to realize that the mod- ern auto cars save both time and money for them, besides being put to use in vari- ous ways upon the farm. It is no longer a luxury, but a necessity, and consequently all who can possibly afford it are investing in machines, August, IgIt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii THE SMOOTHEST TOBACCO HE long journey will seem shorter—the vacation more en- joyable—with your trusty pipe and a box of Velvet. Selected Burley Tobacco—mellowed and cured for two long years—that’s why it’s the mildest, coolest, smoothest smoke you ever put into your pipe. 10 cents at all dealers SPAULDING & MERRICK CHICAGO vill Noteworthy Articles ON TIMELY TOPICS SEWAGE AND ITS DISPOSAL. A review of modern methods. By H. Lemmoin-Cannon. Scientific American Supplement 1551. ELECTRIC LIGHTING FOR AMA- TEURS. How a small and simple ex- perimental installation can be set up at home. Scientific American Supple- ment I551. CHEMICAL AFFINITY. Simply ex- plained by Sir Oliver Lodge. Scienti- fic American Supplement 1547. CASE-HARDENING. By Flather. David Scientific American Supple- ment 1547. ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEMS. A comprehensive article by E. W. Rob- erts. Scientific American Supplement 1546. CONCRETE. A general article on its merits and defects. Scientific Ameri- can Supplement 1543. REINFORCED CONCRETE. Some of its Principles and Applications with practical Illustrations. Scientific American Supplements 1547, 1548, 1551. ELECTRONS AND THE ELECTRO- NIC THEORY are discussed by Sir Oliver Lodge in Scientific American Supplements 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. Its Pro- gress and Present Condition are well discussed in Scientific American Sup- plements 1425, 1426, 1427, 1386, 1388, 1389, 1383, 1381, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1431. HOW TO CONSTRUCT AN EFFI- CIENT WIRELESS TELEGRAPH APPARATUS AT SMALL COST is told in Scientific American Supplement 1363. SELENIUM AND ITS REMARK- ABLE PROPERTIES are fully de- scribed in Scientific American Supple- ment 1430. The paper is illustrated by Numerous engravings. LANGLEY’S AERODROME. Fully de- scribed and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 1404, 1405 and 1546. STEAM TURBINES. Their Construc- tion, Operation and Commercial Ap- plication. Scientific American Supple- ments 1306, 1307, 1308, 1422, 1400, 1447, 1370, 1372, 1521. The articles have all been prepared by experts in steam en- gineering. PORTLAND CEMENT MAKING is described in excellent articles con- tained in Scientific American Supple- ments 1433, 1465, 1466, 1510, I5II. THE TANTALUM LAMP. A full illus- trated description of a lamp having a metallic filament and burning at once without preliminary heating appears in Scientific American Supplement 1523. THE WATERPROOFING OF FABRICS is thoroughly discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1522 by an expert. THE SPARK COIL, ITS CONSTRUC- TION AND MAINTENANCE, is the subject of a painstaking article in Scientific American Supplement 1522. ELECTRIC IGNITERS FOR GAS EN- GINES are discussed in Scientific American Supplement 1514. CARBURETERS, a subject of immense importance to automobilists and the users of oil engines, is well treated in Scientific American Supplement 1508. EPICYCLIC TRAINS, which play an important part in toothed gearing, are ably described in Scientific American Supplement 1524. Each number of the Scientific American Supplement costs 10 cents by mail Send for to10 Supplement Catalogue FREE to any address MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS PICTURE-FRAMING OUTFIT HE Handy Man’s Workshop is not complete without a picture-framing outfit. A device for holding the molding while nailing and gluing which is practical can be easily made as follows: The clamps can be secured from the tops of two old clothes wringers by sawing about three inches on either side of the screw. The base of the device should be a 2-inch hardwood plank, or better still, two pieces of inch board glued together with the grain of one running at right angles with that of the other. The size of the base ought to be 18 by 22 inches. A board 6 by 8 and % inch thick should be glued and screwed to the base, which can be readily done. Bolt the clamps to the base as illustrated, leaving sufficient space between the ends of the screws and the holding board to place the widest molding which one would use for any frame. This space must not be too wide, for the screw has a tendency to spring up when heavy pressure is applied. Small blocks are to be used when narrow molding is being held, or on any molding which the end of the screw would dent. The difficulty in making frames is in holding the pieces firmly to- gether while nailing. BUILDING MATERIALS AND NOISE GERMAN - scientist named Nuss- baum has for a long time been study- ing the question of the suppression of noise in dwelling houses. He has ex- perimented both in the laboratory and in private houses. One point he has ascer- tained is that the more solid and tough and strong the building material is the more quickly and loudly it conveys sound, and its conductivity can best be tested by strokes with a piece of metal. The higher the tone the greater the conductivity. Nussbaum has made many experiments with partition walls. He has found that those of tiles and cement transmit sound most and those of solid clay least. Between the two comes the wall of ordinary brick, and the more the brick is burned the more noise it transmits. A quickly hardening lime mortar is to be preferred to a clay mortar. One experiment showed that when a floor was covered with sand and cork mats spread over it hardly any noise penetrated to the room below, but that when the cork mats were joined together by any material underneath, noises were at once perceptible. To the question, how are the sounds of the piano or the violin in the neighboring apartments to be excluded? Nussbaum has returned the suggestion that the ceil- ings be treated as he successfully treated his telephone cell. namely, to line them with a layer of zinc or lead. DAHLIAS AND POTATOES Y a kind of horticultural irony the B dahlia, that popular flower that so often forms a conspicuous display at flower shows, has a dreadfully prosaic parentage. It has developed from the Mexican tubers introduced about one houndred and twenty years ago by the Swedish naturalist, Dr, Dahl, for the purely commercial purpose of supplementing the potato! The doctor’s scheme did not meet with favor, and the dahlia dish soon disappeared from British tables, but the gardeners of the old country at once perceived the great potentialities of the flower, and accordingly proceeded to produce the double dahlia and other de- lightful floral fantasies. August, 191! ottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to represent- ing all grades oi cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given cever- ing nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 538 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. r) No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 to $7,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together w.th extracts from the specifications. Illus- trated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- tions and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward ; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, a!l drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. One Dollar Each, Postpaid (SOLD SEPARATELY) MUNN & CO. Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year MONUEENTS BeOR AUGUST. -1911 THE GARDEN FRONT “VILLA AURORA”’ Frontispiece “VILLA AURORA” —The Home of George D. Barron, Esq., Rye, New York, By Barr Ferree THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WATER SUPPLY FOR THE CouNTRY Houskr, By John F. Springer HANDICRAFTSMAN—Home-Made Summer Furniture By Mary Edith Griswold Cuttinc Woop Wir Paper By Burr Bartram Tue TasLe—How to Arrange Porch Trays By Phebe Westcott Humphreys NoTEs ON CACTI By Vernon Powers By Paul Thurston THE COUNTERFEITING OF OBJECTS OF ART By Jacques Boyer Rustic FURNITURE FOR THE GARDEN By Helen Lukens Gaut Garden Notes Correspondence New Books Editor’s Notebook Helps for the Housewife Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Cffice at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The garden front “‘Villa Aurora”’ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VIII August, 191 | Number 8 “Villa Aurora’ The Home of George D. Barron, Esg., Rye, New York By Barr Ferree (FAO GVGA) HERE is a very real quality of livable- | VE is all the more marked because it is a large house superbly appointed and built in the midst of an estate of about fifty acres. he residence is entered from the porte cochere at the northern end, the longer and more monumental east front, which affords a view of Long Island Sound, being reserved for family use exclusively. Mr. George A. Freeman, of New York, was the architect. The outer doors are provided with a handsome wrought iron grill, lined with plate glass, opening to an oval vesti- bule, the walls of which have a high paneled dado, the walls and ceilings being of a rich but quiet, low-toned, old-gold finish. The inner door conducts to an entrance-hall, which leads directly into the main or reception hall, which is ar- ranged at right angles to it. ‘There is no intervening door- The portico front of the house 280 way, the whole space being completely open; and as the farther wall of the main hall is closed, the center being AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS most of the space on the left. ful apartment, the walls being supplied with a low dado of August, 1911 It is a charming and delight- occupied with a stately and ornamental fireplace and paneled wood, with larger panels that completely fill in chimney breast, a very fine perspec- tive is obtained from the vestibule. The — entrance-hall is spacious and af- fords room for numerous large and handsome pieces of furniture, which are placed on either side. The walls have a high wainscot of wood, painted ivory white, with Ionic pilasters that support the ornamented cornice. Above the dado the walls are hung with red silk damask, the color scheme being red and white. The ceiling is plain and the hardwood floor is almost com- pletely covered with a large rug. All the rooms of the first floor are exceedingly lofty in Dee toebet, sand. the floor ateas are broad and spacious. Immediately on the left on entering the outer vestibule are Mr. Barron’s private ofhces; on the right is a door- way that leads to the service-rooms, which are completely shut off from the rest of the house. The only important room that opens onto this entrance- The portico the balance of the space below the decorated cornice. These panels have carved tops, and are of Bey oom painted ivory white on a background of French gray. The opposite end is treated as a recess, with curved ends and free standing co | um n)sieee ene north wall contains the fireplace ios Pavonozza marble, - surmounted with a decorative over- mantel with mir- rors “in “taeiuley, carved frames: The white ceiling has an_ elaborate centerpiece in hand- molded ‘plaster: The window cur- tains are of white lace. ~It- is@anazeny light and agreeable room, and is com- pletely adapted to the uses to which it is now put. As the reception hall opens directly from the entrance- hall, and may be re- garded as an expan- sion of it, the color scheme is also red and white. The walls have a paneled dado of about five feet in height, with Ionic pilasters that form upper panels, lined with red silk damask. hall by means of a doorway, is the ballroom. It occupies The cornice is identical in design with that of the entrance- The fountain in the formal garden August, 1911 hall, and the ceiling is plain and without ornamentation. The carpet on the hardwood floor is of dark red to harmonize with the balance of the room, and the dark old- oak furniture is up- holstered in the same material and color as the walls. The chimney breast is supported by pilasters. Lhe mantel is of carved wood, the fireplace facings and hearth of polished red Numidian marble, the linings of red brick. A copy of Guido Reni’s cele- brated painting of ‘“‘Aurora’’ is let into the frame of the over-mantel. It was executed in Rome from the original by special permis- sion of the present Prince Pellavicini, owner of the ea Sip g)) iso s.1 Palace, where on a ceiling the original was painted by Guido. -Mr. Bar- ron’s copy is pro- nounced by Prince Paeliea v 1-6 i n i the finest ever made. On the east end of the main hall are three windows, which are within the portico of this front; and through which the light is softened by red velvet curtains. case, very broad and spacious, carpeted in red, and with white balusters and mahogany rail. On the west is the stair- It rises to a large oval AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The staircase The water garden and terrace seat and white curtains. ) 281 landing, lighted by a great oval bay window, with a built-in This arrangement is enormously effective; it admits much more light to the main hall below and to the second story hall above. The form and posi- tion of the landing are finely adapted to create a place so delightful in itself as this is. The stairs divide here, and from the land- ing continue the rise on either side, the balustrade be- ing continued around a circular opening in the upper floor. Two rooms open from the main hall, the library and the — dining-room; the first is on the left,the other on the right. The library is finished in oak, with a wood dado of five feet. The upper walls are hung in green vel- vet, this being the prevailing color of the room. The curtains are green, likewise the carpet and the furniture. The wood oak mantel is richly carved; the fire- place has facings and hearth of dark red sandstone, with red brick _ lining. Most of the walls are based with bookcases, with leaded glass doors richly but quietly ornamented. The dining- room is treated in olive green and white, with white A statue in the garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1911 The dining-room dado and pilasters, the upper wall panels being hung with figured olive green silk damask. The fireplace has an enriched over-mantel, and facings and hearth of Alps green marble; the lining, as elsewhere, is of red brick. The window cur- tains are of the same material as the wall hangings, and are suspended before white cur- tains. Beyond this point the house plan contracts to the area of a single room. This is the bil- liard-room. The woodwork The terrace and steps is a beautiful grained chestnut, and consists of a high dado with pilasters to support the cornice of the ceiling. The frieze is light buff, with small patterns in low relief. There are windows on one side, with built-in seat and platform; on the opposite side is the fireplace, faced with large red quarry tile. The over-mantel is at the height of the frieze and is paneled in chestnut. The window curtains are vel- vet and brown, and the furniture is upholstered in brown leather. The final apartment in the direction of the axis of the house is the loggia. It is furnished as an outdoor sitting- room and decorated with palms, tropical plants and superb heads, trophies of the chase. It has three large round arched windows on the south front overlooking the terrace and formal garden and a large arched opening on each end. The glass double sash and steam radiators which make The rear August, I9II AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS —— P " a. ae seer en a eee ne. ie “* Hap ip i this room available for use as a sun-parlor in winter, are re- moved in the summer season, when it has all the value of a covered, yet outdoor palm room. The whole of the three outer sides of the house is sup- ported by a white limestone balustraded terrace. This is seen at its best immediately without the loggia, where its surface area has been greatly extended. It is paved with brick laid on edge, and has large grass plots, and borders of flowers—chiefly roses—located just within and below the balustrade. Beyond and at a lower level, is the sunken formal garden. The main axis of this is at right angles to that of the house. On the east end is the pergola, semi-circular in form, the farther or outer boundary being curved and en- closed below with a stone wall. ‘There is a built-in seat all around, and in the center of the open space is an Italian The living-room table of carved white marble. The outer side of the pergola is thickly planted _ with shrubbery and flowers, and is the beginning of the floral de- velopment of the garden. At the opposite end is a great spring - fed pond, enclosed to- wards the garden by a stone wall and stone balustrade, and reached by a central flight of steps with a section of a semi- circular wall on either side. The opposite side of the pond is left without formal en- closure, but the water there is The pergola A statue in the garden AMERICAN The dining-room dado and pilasters, the upper wall panels being hung with figured olive green silk damask. The fireplace has an enriched oyer-mantel, and facings and s green marble; hearth of Al the lining, red brick. The window cur- tains are of the same material as the wall hangings, and are suspended before white cur- tains. yond this point the house ontracts to the area of a single room. is the bil- liard-room. woodwork The terrace and steps HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1911 is a beautiful grained chestnut, and co with pilasters to support the cornice : ight buff, with small patterns in low relief. are windows on one side, with built-in seat and platform; on the opposite side is the fireplace, faced with large red quarry tile. The oyer-mantel is at the height of the frie and is paneled in chestnut. The window curtains are vel- vet and brown, and the furniture is upholstered in brown leather. The final apartment in the direction of the axis of the Tt is furn an outdoor sitting- d with palms, tropical plants and superb It has three large round i ace h end make formal garden and a | ning on e e glass double sash and steam radiators y The rear of the house August, 1911 n, when it has all the value of a red, yet outdoor palm room. The whole of the three outer sides of the house is ported by a white limestone balustraded terrace. This is seen at its best immediately without the loggia, where its surface area has been greatly extended. It is paved with brick laid on edge, and has large grass p and borders of flowers—chiefly roses—located just within and below the balustrade. Beyond and at a lower level, is the sunken formal garden. The main axis of this is at right angles to that of the house. On th end is the pergola, semi-circular in form, the farther or outer boundary being curved and en- closed below with a stone wall. There is a built-in all around, and in the center of the open space is an Italian er AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The living-room table of carved white marble. plant al tise and flowers, and is the beginning of the floral de- velopment of the garden. At the opposite end is a great spring - fed pond, encl wards the garden by a stone wall and stone balustrade, and reached by a central flight of steps with a section of a semi- circular wall on either The opposite side of the pond is left without formal - closure, but the water there is ed to- The pergola A statue in the garden 284 thickly planted with water lilies; lotus and other aquatic plants, so that the formal garden on one side of the pond is supple- mented with a natural or wild garden on the oppo- site side. The water be- tween the two, forms a natural and very ettective means of separation. The formal garden lies between these two special points of interest and is laid out in a regular man- ner with paths of brick laid on edge, with plots of grass bordered with dwarf box, decorated with eevee t of een s and other shrubs and plants. In the center is a_ pool with a fountain of white marble, a very artistic figure executed in Italy of a Triton blowing water from a conch. The remaining side Oh tine gacden is directly acro sis from the loggia. A thick mass of shrub- bery and trees en- closes it on_ this south side, which 1s here entirely with- out formal treat- ment except for four statues of the Seasons in Carrara marble, arranged Hermes-like at in- tervals on this and on the side’ im- mediately opposite. An interesting fea- ture of the formal garden is that the gnomon of the sun dial there, is made AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The main entrance stable August, I9II of copper from Mr. Bar- ron’s mines in Mexico. All of these parts and much more, may be seen and enjoyed from the log- gia. Beyond the formal garden are shrubbery and trees, with broad open fields. In the distance, on the right, and almost com- pletely hidden from the house, is the tennis court. There is the pond on one side; on the other is a spacious lawn, with meadows farther on, and behind them all are woods, with the world, doubtless, beyond, but here very remote, so very quiet wand peaceful is the out- look. The architectural exterior of “Villa Aurora” is beauti- ful and dignified. It is a fine example of the Georgian type (1714-1830), of white amour modern __ Colonial architecture is an adaptation. The house is entered ap- parently from an end, since the long- est and most orna- mental front is with- out an entrance feature, the. east lawn being un- broken by road or path. The “trane overlooking Long Island Sound has been selected for the most formal treatment of the ex- terior, and from the water it appears im- posing to a degree. The gate-lodge August, I9gII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Management of the Water Supply for the Country House KS mA cations and conditions where the distribution of the water supply through the house is a very simple matter. Thus, for a house located far enough below a spring, the distribution can readily be effected by instal- ling a reservoir between spring and house. Gravita- tion will do the rest. But the combination of such cir- cumstances must be only ex- ceptional; and even in those circumstances the care and protection of the water, the pipes and the reservoir con- stitute a weighty problem. Ordinarily, the water has to be pumped to the poiut from which distribution is effected. There are two prominent methods of ex- erting the necessary pres- sure. That best known, and to it some reference has already been made, is the gravity method. This de- pends upon the familiar principle that “water seeks its level.” If there is an elevated reservoir, the water in the house will rise to the same level as in the reservoir, and no _ higher. If we wish the water to rush out of the highest spigot with some velocity, then the level in the reservoir will have to be maintained at some considerably higher level. Still, in order to get velocity we have to provide a certain excess "HE very first thing that engages the atten- ), tion of the country and the suburban resi- dent, in connection with his water supply, almost if not quite equal importance to know just what to do with the water when secured. There are, no doubt, certain lo- By John F. Springer Fig. 1—A brick tower and wooden tank height to produce the desired pressure, and an additional height to overcome the friction of the water as it flows through the pipes and passes the bends. No very simple is the water itself. But it is a matter of rule can be given as to this friction; but a great deal of sub- sequent annoyance may result where sufficient elevation is not secured when the tank is installed. While no simple and exact rule can be given, we can get a rough idea of the necessary provisions to overcome friction by re- membering three things: (1) The smaller the pipe, (2) the longer the pipe and, (3) the more turns, the greater is the friction. The bottom of the reser- voir being the lowest pos- sible level of the water, it should be taken as the level. Consequently, if we wish to raise water thirty feet above the sills of the house, the bottom of the reservoir should be put higher yet. How much higher will de- pend upon the velocity de- sired, the length and size of the pipes, and the number and character of the turns. It is much better to have too high an elevation than one too low. Those who are accustomed to a smart flow of water from the spigot will deem it an intolerable nuisance to wait for a slow- ly moving stream or drib- let. It should be borne in mind that a single point where the diameter of the pipe is much reduced may have a very considerable ef- fect. To sum up, the fol- lowing directions may be given: Use large pipe, have as few bends as possible, make these as round as pos- sible, make the length of the pipe as short as can well be, and elevate the bottom of the water tank to a generous dis- 286 tance above the | highest point of use in the house. The size of the reservoir is also an important matter. If the supply is liable to fluctuation, as is ordinarily the case, then the reser- voir must be at least big enough to tide oven the longest period of drouth. In fact, it should be larger than the ca- pacity necessary to cover the maximum a “dry spell,” forthe Fig. 2—A brick tower with reason that the res- hidden by the wall ervoir may not be full, or nearly full, when the drouth begins. Indeed, the wise thing would seem to be to have a capacity nearly double the amount for the drouth, so that a sufficient supply would be certain to be present when it began. The support of a large body of water at a considerable height is really a serious problem, and expert advice ought ordinarily to be sought. In order to realize just what kind of a problem this is, consider the fact that the water which fills a 10,000-gallon tank weighs 83,000 pounds. Ten thou- sand gallons for a family using 500 gallons per day will only last twenty days. The support for 83,000 pounds must, of course, be a thoroughly adequate one. The tower may be of steel or it may be of reinforced concrete. Timber, brick or stone may be used. In any case, the total weight of water and tank must be thoroughly faced and provided for. As to the strength of the tank itself, we have to remember that the water exerts a bursting pressure tending to disrupt the side walls. The bursting pressure ranges from nothing at the water level to a maximum at the bottom. If the bottom is ten feet below the level of the water, there will be a bursting pressure out- ward at that point of four and one-third pounds per square inch. A considera- tion of such facts will show that the tank must be strengthened to resist the outward impulse, and that the strength should increase toward the bottom. The tank may be of wood, steel or reinforced concrete. In hie. a swe have an example of tower and tank. The tower is built of brick. As here, the tower, with its mantle of foliage, may be a beautiful addition to the picturesque- ness of the grounds. Where the tank is of wooden staves, as in this instance, the metal hoops may be provided with turnbuckles, so that they may be tight- ened at will. The hoops may be placed closer and closer together toward the bottom; or if it is desired to have them at uniform intervals, this may be done. But the interval necessary at the bottom will control. Or equal the tank AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 4—The tower is built in connection with the stable TOT spacing may be em- ployed where the thickness of the hoops is adjusted to the varying pres- sures. In Fig. 2 we have another example of the brick tower. Here the tank is en- veloped and hidden by the wall. At the top, such a tower may be designed to provide an observa- tion room. In Fig. 3 1s shown still an- other example. The envelope is a frame ~~ one. It is not ob- Fig) 3—-A wooden tower with the tank vious whether the bide Mya eE! tank is supported by timbers or by masonry. Fig. 4 shows yet another tower and tank. There is an observation bal- cony, giving an ornamental character to the tower and affording a view in all directions. At Great Neck, L. I., on the grounds of Mrs. B. H. Gil- bert, is a tall tower of wood covered with stucco. This sup- ports a tank having a capacity of fifteen or twenty thousand gallons at an elevation of perhaps seventy feet. This puts the water well up above the ridge of the house, and thus provides a good flow in the upper rooms. The balcony is gained from the outside,“as shown in the view (Fig. 8). In Fig. 6 we have a wooden exterior in the form of a windmill. It is not always necessary that the tower itself shall be high. It will sometimes stand on a local elevation of the ground, although that may not be the case here. In Fig. 7 we have the same tower used for the support of the tank and for the accommodation of a windmill. In case the water tower and tank are in service during the entire year, the resident in the Northern States may need to consider the question of freezing weather. The presence of a layer of ice may be no great matter under some conditions. In many struc- tures it may seem desirable x to prevent absolutely all freezing. This can be done by suitably enclosing the tank and surrounding it with a good non-conductor of heat—one of sawdust or tanbark. The methods employed with the elevated tank are time-honored and have had extensive application. An- other system, however, has come into vogue in recent years. It is the pneumatic tank system. Apparently this invention was made by Mr. J. L. White, 9iime reservoir is not elevated at all. A pressure there must needs be, and this is sup- plied by compressed air. Essentially, Mr. “White’s system is very simple. He pumps water into an air-tight reservoir. The contained air is crowded into a continually decreasing space as the amount of the incoming water grows greater and greater. If the August, I9II procedure is continued until the air which formerly filled the tank occupies only one-half the space, then this cushion of air will exert the very strong pressure of about fifteen pounds per square inch on the water. ‘This is equivalent to using an elevated tank with the water surface at the height of 33.9 feet. If we continue to pump water in until the air occupies only one-fourth of its former space, then we have AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 237 exert its pressure impartially in all directions; we desire its pressure on the water; we get it there, and everywhere else besides. As the compression goes on, consequently, the tank will leak, unless it has been manufactured by skilled makers fully alive to the necessities. It is said to be a most difficult thing to construct an air-tight tank that will not leak. It Fig. 5—Brick and stone tower with tank in the enclosure at top done the equivalent of lifting the water to the height of 101.7 feet. Now, all this is very simple in principle. We can, in fact, get any reasonable pressure desired by pumping in water and compressing the trapped air. A little thought will, however, show us that perhaps the practical carrying out of the principle will not be as easy as it looks. There are two principal difficulties: The air as it is compressed will Fig. 8B—A stucco tower with the tank surrounded by a balcony Fig. 6—The tank and windmill is built on top of the tower Fig. 7—A wooden tower with windmill at top and tank enclosed underneath seems that a boiler that will not leak steam under pressure may nevertheless leak air under pressure. ‘The particles of air are, apparently, smaller in size, or are otherwise com- petent to push their way more successfully through minute cracks. The air-tank must, accordingly, be better than a steam boiler needs to be. One of the principal builders of pneumatic apparatus states that the organization of the best - : — oes a. |, a ~ tae goa satis Fig. 9—A tower designed in the form of a windmill 288 equipped boiler works in the world was unable ‘‘to handle the problems connected with the pneumatic sys- tem of water supply.” Presumably, one of the chief problems was the Spraying the lawn by pneumatic pressure construction of the tank. This same company makes use of special machines for calking and riveting. With an abso- lutely tight tank, one great difficulty is overcome. ‘The other large difficulty concerns the pumping. If one thinks a mo- ment he will readily see that as the air pressure in the tank increases the work of the pump becomes more severe. It has to overcome the resistance of the water in the tank, and this water is under the pres- sure of the air. In conse- quence of the work which the pump has to do, its parts will have to be very strong and the joints will have to be especially tight. Whatever the pres- sure of the air in the tank, that is the pressure of the water in the pump trying to get out. The pump, then, must be a fine and strong piece of work—no better, perhaps, than a pump which raises water to an elevated tank whose level corresponds to the air pres- sure. What seems to be a very fine thing about the pneu- matic water supply system is that there is absorption of air by the water pumped in. This is due, no doubt, largely to the pressure. Air, as pretty much everybody knows, contains free oxygen; and oxygen is a great enemy of impurity. In consequence, the water in the tank will, no doubt, be benefited. Further, water that contains plenty of air is fresher and more pala- table. Water supplied by a high-pressure pneumatic system will be filled with air bubbles as it comes from the spigot. The water at first has a milky appear- ance; but this quality passes, and water well aer- ated is what we finally have. The absorption of air by the water will, of course, in time reduce the amount acting as a pressure cushion. It is necessary, therefore, to replace the air thus absorbed and carried off with the water. This is accomplished automatic- AMERICAN HOMES Two streams may be thrown over the house, using 1'/y inch hose and !4 inch nozzles Two pneumatic tanks are installed in the basement of this house The larger tank is supplied from the well containing hard water; the smaller one from a cistern containing soft water AND GARDENS August, 1911 ally in an ingenious way. There is a hollow cylinder made of metal and sealed. ‘This floats on the sur- face of the water. By an arrange- ment of rods, it is connected with ve Fifteen sprinklers can be run at one time a valve which opens and closes an orifice opening to the outer air. When the height of the water in the tank is just right to have an air cushion of the proper size above it, the valve is closed and no air can enter through the orifice. This means that no additional air will be drawn into the pump. But when the air cushion gets smaller and the water level rises in consequence, the float rises too and opens the valve. Air is now drawn into the pump and then pumped into the tank. Here, the most of it will rise to the surface and join the air cushion. As the tank of a pneu- matic system is more safely and advantageously situ- ated on the ground level, or even below it, we can if de- sired increase our pressure. Of course, the tank must be strong and tight enough. and the pump and the avail- able power must be suf- ficient. Under such condi- tions, we can add to our pressure. A water tower once constructed would be rather difficult to elevate. It is rather easy to pro- tect the tank against cold. This may be important for reasons other than those con- nected with freezing. It would seem better to deliver water somewhat less cold than would be possible with an exposed tank. It would seem, too, that in many cases the repairs would be greater with the elevated tank. If mounted on exposed steel work, a good deal of painting will have to be done from time to time. Sometimes the elevated tank is put into the attic or other high parts of the house itself. In case of fire, the elevation would be insufficient to provide a very effective stream of water. During the fire, the tank supports may fail and all help from this source vanish. If the tank system is used at all, there should be a special tower high enough to provide a good strong stream rising higher than the ridge pole. It is all very simple with the pneumatic system; any reasonable August, I9II pressure can be provided. As might be supposed, a per- fectly tight air-tank will cost more than one only tight enough to restrain water. A pneumatic tank, made by one of the most prominent makers, is said to cost about the same as an ordinary elevated tank with steel tower. It may be located below the frost line, thus at once eliminating the possibility of freezing. A further reason for great elevation or a severely com- pressed cushion is to get pressure to accomplish filtration. A little consideration should make it clear that effective rapid filtration will require strong pressure, since a properly made filtration bed will probably set up considerable resist- ance to the passage of water. Of course, if the water is so pure that no filtration is necessary, then this additional pres- sure requirement will not have to be taken into account. The pneumatic system is by no means in the experimental stage. It has been thoroughly tried out and its effectiveness demonstrated. One firm is prepared to supply tanks as small as six feet in length and two in diameter, containing ninety gallons, exclusive of air cushion, and is prepared to furnish tanks as large as forty feet long and nine feet in diameter, having a capacity of 19,000 gallons. If a greater storage capacity is needed, several tanks may be connected. Another manufacturer constructs tanks up to 15,000 gallons capacity. The 19,000-gallon tank, when two-thirds full of water, would weigh considerably over 105,000 pounds. Having a supply of water, a tank, a pump, and necessary piping, there yet remains the question of power. There are the windmill and the hydraulic ram; there are the gas engine, the gasoline engine, the hot-air engine, the electric motor, and the steam engine. The conditions of individual cases of most suburban and country houses will eliminate one or more of these at once. Ordinarily, there will not be many to choose from. Thus special topographical conditions are necessary before a ram can be considered. Where it is pos- sible to use it, however, it is probably the cheapest method. The first cost is not great, there is but little in the way of repairs, and the power itself usually costs nothing. With the windmill there is no expense for power; the same can hardly be said, however, as to repairs and upkeep in gen- eral. There are times when water is wanted and no wind is blowing. This difficulty can probably be pretty thoroughly overcome by having a sufficiently large tank. The fact that the wind blows at no expense is a powerful argument. If one lives near a trolley line and can arrange with the man- agement, or in a district covered by a company distributing the electric current, then an electric motor may be the thing. Such an apparatus is simple to operate; the first cost is not great; it is compact, clean, and can be depended upon for AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 289 instant service. The cost of the current will vary in different sections of the country; it will sometimes vary with the time of day when the power is used. ‘Thus, if the current is used in the earlier part of the night—say from 8 to 12 o’clock— a higher price may often be expected because of the de- mands for lighting purposes at that time. Conditions sur- rounding the water supply may be such that the householder can do his pumping at an advantageous time, and thus secure a low rate. All this should be remembered in considering an electric motor. The cost of its operation may turn largely on the time of day it is used. He must also consider any dangers that may arise from the use of a heavy electric current. With the most up-to-date safeguards and arrange- ments, dangers to life and property are minimized. The use of a gas engine will turn largely on the accessibility and cost cf a supply. Evidently, economic conditions are much dif- ferent in a district where natural gas is available, at thirty cents or less a thousand cubic feet, from what they are in one where the manufactured article, at $1.00 per thousand feet, is the only possible supply. However, even where the gas itself is expensive, some other conditions may so control as to throw the choice to the gas engine. The gasoline en- gine is a very good piece of apparatus. The reservoir should, of course, be located at a distance from the engine and in a situation where the ill results of an explosion are minimized. The hot-air engine is an old and well-tried de- vice. ‘his is extremely simple in operation and is probably economical for small installations. The only direct expense in the production of power is for fuel and attendance. There are, in one of the prominent types, two vertical cylinders in which pistons move up and down. In the one, air is com- pressed; in the other compressed air is heated. The com- pressed air finds its way from the compression cylinder into the heating cylinder through a device known as a regenera- tor. The effect of heat on the compressed air is to give it great expansive power; this expansion is what drives the engine. The heating is done by means of a stove envelop- ing the heating cylinder. The stove may be run by kero- sene, gas or anthracite coal. An idea of the expense can be gained from the following estimate of the makers: An en- gine able to lift 350 gallons per hour to a height of fifty feet will consume twenty cubic feet of gas, two quarts of kerosene or three pounds of anthracite coal per hour. An engine able to lift ten times as much water to the same height, in the same time, will consume 100 cubic feet of gas, five quarts of kerosene or seven to eight pounds of anthra- cite coal per hour. The steam engine is another solution of the power problem. Where the amount of work to be performed justifies, it is ordinarily economical. 290 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, I9II Handicraftsman Conducted by A. Russell Bond Home-Made Summer Furniture By Mary Edith Griswold Photographs by Vahdah Van Eaton PXEAUTIFUL furniture for summer use can be made by a handy man or woman with a kit of tools which will cost under a dollar, the only really essential ones being a T square, a saw, and a hammer. The ability to use these universal and simple tools will grow with practice and the gift to learn new tricks, but they do not require unusual abilities. Taste, tact and perseverance with a willingness to take pains will accomplish any of the things described in this article. After you have learned how to saw a straight line, plane evenly, mark out your work and fit it together nicely there is nothing known to the ordinary carpenter’s skill which you cannot do. In the most enlightened homes a regular work-bench is found, having vises to hold the work, work stops, and tool rack. Of course upon such a bench are usually found more tools than_ those designated at the beginning of this article as necessary. diihceess willy be planes and bits and chisels and perhaps many more besides. With such an equip- ment wonderful things can be ac- complished. As such work is usually attempted by the children of the family, pieces which adolescents would naturally construct will per- haps be more sug- OES lny.e | tO. tie greater number ot readers. Girls will usually begin by making something tor their own rooms and the boys by making something for mother’s. A shirtwaist and hat-box case is good for both. A very neat one can be made of four lengths of two-inch square pine lumber each piece four feet long, a top board of half-inch thick lumber and shorter lengths of the two-inch stuff for braces. These side-pieces also serve as rails on which to slide the boxes in and out. This is a piece of furniture which can be made from boxes already on hand; the square hat box which is still in ; i | = # A kitchen table used for a desk with book shelves built on top good condition will do and if you begin with it you will have to regulate the sizes of the other boxes in consider- ation of it. Beautiful patterns of such cases may be seen in the furni- ture and department stores. They usually have two deep boxes underneath the hat box long enough to hold a lady’s dress skirt folded once. They will hold a summer suit each. The space on the side of the hat box may be divided into two smaller boxes for holding veils, handkerchiefs, or the little accessories to a lady’s summer toilette. The handsome ready-made ones are covered with cre- tonne, but they are just as pretty and about as durable if covered with wall-paper. The general effect is the same because wall-paper comes in as pretty patterns as cretonne. Another thing which boys or girls can make with their own hands is a sewing screen. ‘The frame is made of lumber. Any kind will do, because it is completely covered with cretonne. It must be straight and planed off smooth, or the © cloth jy not le smooth and will look bad. The pointsof sucha screen do not have to be dovetailed, or done in any fancy way. Cut off half the thickness from both boards ~so thiae they will fit to- gether neatly and then nail them to- gether with wire nails and drive the heads down deep with a nail set, be- ing sure to rest the work on a flat iron, or some other solid piece of metal. Sew- ing screens have a top row of spools of thread, a pocket below to hold things in, and a little table which lets down when required. The wooden frame of this screen must be covered with the cretonne before the outside piece is tacked on so that there will not be any raw edges showing. These are particularly nice for the nursery because they are light and easily moved about from place to place and they make mother look happy, forming a sort of lovely background for childish memory. They are also nice for a young girl because they please August, IgII Older girls often become very pro- The illustration her aesthetic sense. ficient in the making over of their rooms. of a young lady sewing beside her window shows what a The book clever girl can do with the plainest of things. shelves were made of rough packing box boards, but they look delightful with the gold braid nailed to them with brass tacks. The desk is an ordinary kitchen table which cost a dollar and a quarter. The small articles on the desk were all made of nothing, practically. The blotter is a five cent sheet of straw- board with corners of cre- tonne. The tray for hold- ing penholders is made of cretonne, as is also the lamp shade and the letter paper holder. The window is a little bower, made by planting a few seeds in a box and the striped awning itself adds its note of cheerfulness. The window curtains are cretonne almost the exact size of the window-panes and edged with cotton braid to make them hang well. They look like panels and keep out the strong summer light. The beauty of such an arrangement is that one does not have to wear it out be- fore making a change, or feel the folly of extravagance. In making the shirtwaist cases there are several extra. touches which may be put in with only a little more work. For instance it is a great convenience to have a transverse hinge in the lid of the boxes used for these cases. It saves taking the whole box out every time some little thing is wanted. These hinges are made of cloth and glue. Cut the box lid in halves down a line from side to side, being careful to make a clean cut. Wake a strip of strong drill the length of the lid and an inch wide, and cover it thoroughly with glue. To paste on lay the two edges together and smooth out the strip. This strip is for the upper side of the lid. Now if you want to make a very good job of it wait till the first strip has dried and then prepare another strip of the drill with glue, lay the lid over the edge of the bench or table upon which you are working, being sure that the edges are at right angles to each other. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Making a frame for a screen Fitting a box lid with a cloth hinge 291 When you smooth the strip down to fit closely to the edges of the hinge, the cloth will be at right angles to the other edge. This will give the needed spring to the hinge. Delightful small cases for the little objects which usually litter the boy’s or girl’s bureau can be made of old cigar boxes. The frame for such a small case needs to be substantial, though, or the little box drawers will not draw smoothly. The quarter inch boards upon which cloth is wound would make the _ nicest material for such work. They may be had for nothing from your friend the merchant or the janitor of a big department store, or bought for two cents apiece from a_ second- hand box factory. They are pleasant to work with because they are smooth and the lumber has been thoroughly seasoned and will not warp. Good cigar boxes are made of cedar and have a delightful odor after they have been thoroughly soaked in water and the cigar labels scrubbed off. The black lettering which 1s always printed upon the wood will come off with sandpaper and there you have a perfect little drawer for your case. The difficulty will be to get four or five boxes of the same size, but there is nothing very serious about such a task if the carpenter has brains. Cigar boxes may be covered with cretonne or wall-paper can be pasted over them if the maker insists upon their being covered. These cabinets make perfect cases for holding spoons, knives and forks, or for spice closets. Eos tihve stomlette table they may be made invaluable in holding hairpins, jewels, powder puffs and what not. In making this as in everything else in life the suc- cess will depend upon getting the piece nicely made and in making the proportions right. There is a balance COC veer yetran mo Especially is this true in regard to the sewing screen. Good measurements for such a screen are three feet by a foot and a-half for each of the two pieces. The brace should not be put in the exact center of the frame because you want 292 to use it for the spool rack, so about a third of the distance is correct. ‘Ihis piece is first covered with the cretonne and then a row of nails is driven in to serve as spool hold- ers. If thin wire nails with small heads are used you will not need to file them off, but paint or gild them, to pre- vent rust. An excess of straight lines is wearisome, so if you can it will be restful to have some of the corners rounded off, and some of the edges sawed into curving lines. ‘The illus- tration of a sewing table illustrates the beauty of the curv- A sewing table and a chest of drawers AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A sewing screen with adjustable shelf and August, I911 A simple frame for it will be made of two-inch square lumber, cut into lengths for the legs, with a brace of the same material six inches above the floor connecting the two pair of legs, and a cross-piece to connect them. For light work such a frame will last a lifetime and not jiggle. The top board must come over the edges of the box about two and a-half inches so as to give the whole a grace- ful appearance. The sliding drawer underneath will have to be made to fit the frame. The piece of lumber which edges the top A chest of drawers and hat box pockets ing line. The general idea is a box on legs to make it hand- ier to reach into, with a board top and a sliding sort of bin underneath which will pull out and in without disturbing the top of the table. The making of such a piece of furniture is a perfectly simple process. Its beauty will depend somewhat upon the size and shape of the box. If you wish to make it of a pack- ing box carefully select one at the grocery. After that it may be covered with cretonne, then lined and fastened to the frame. of this bin is two and a half inches wide and a half-inch thick. Small cleats of half an inch square are nailed to the sides for grooves for the bin to slide on. The bottom should be about half the size of the top and the sides must be sawed out to fit. The seams should be glued as well as nailed. Then the cretonne can be put on, and the inside finished with either white enamel paint or lining cambric. A knob to draw it out completes the article. The top and frame will look nicer if they are painted white and finished with enamel paint. Cutting Wood With Paper TALLOW candle bullet can be fired through a board. A straw driven by a cyclone will penetrate a tree. A stream of water un- der high pressure will tear the skin off a man’s hand. A copper disk, rotating slowly, can be cut by a steel cutting tool, but, if rotating at high speed, it will turn about and cut the steel. These facts suggested the following experiment on the cutting properties of paper. Everyone knows that the hand can be cut badly with paper, but the experiment was undertaken to discover whether hard sub- stances, such as wood, could be thus cut. A sheet of two-ply bristol board was trimmed to the form of a disk, ten inches in diameter, and a wooden spool was glued to the paper at its center. An electric fan was dismantled of its fan and guard, and the spool was bored out to fit snugly on the armature shaft. A wood screw, with its point blunted, was threaded transversely through the spool, and against the shaft, to fix the paper disk securely thereon. ‘The current was then turned on, and a pencil was held lightly against the edge of the spinning paper. Immediately the paper bit into the wood, and cut very quickly, with an exceedingly fine and clean kerf. When the lead of the pencil was reached the progress of the cutter was much slower because the graphite acted as a lubricant. However, before long the pencil was cut in two and the bristol board showed no material wear. August, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The front of the house Two Types of Stucco Houses By Burr Bartram MIME HE great movement toward the use of ce- HSS «ment in house construction is well exem- , Wes * Wh iS plified in the two houses which form the Zia Mees subject of this paper. -_ mail. The house built for Mr. W. L. Serrell, at Kenilworth, IIl., is an artistic expression of the highest accomplishment in cement construction. Mr. George W. Maher, of Chicago, the architect of this house, has taken special care to ees a dwelling that would meet all the requirements of the owner, and at the same time afford him an opportunity to put his best efforts into a house of distinction. The main walls are covered with cement stucco of a rough gray surface, while the half-timber work and trimmings are painted bottle green. py — WZ KITCHEN {22 || DANTRY FOEKE 4" ae re) ascending over the entry to a broad landing, on which there is placed a cluster of lighted small windows. This hall, the living- and dining-rooms are trimmed with chestnut, stained and finished in a soft brown tone. The entire ceilings of the three rooms are beamed, form- ing panels, the spaces among the beams being tinted an écru tone of yellow, which gives life and lightness to the color scheme of the rooms. The main walls of the living-room have a tinted tone of the same color. The fireplace, built of brick with the facings extending from the floor to the ceiling, occupies the center wall space on one side of the room, while opposite the fireplace there is a bay-window furnished with a broad paneled seat. French windows open onto the living-porch, which is the feature of the house. This porch isenclosed 3 ey DAC I = ° The roof is covered | eae, eM? ey ee with screens in sum- with shingles and SE Kegi Sai red _ mer and glass in win- stained a moss green. To Ee ett TS my ter; and, being heated The interior ar- 1 Ht | by steam, affords a ' 1) i 1 ‘ | 1 = =. “ rangement of the first i Ht I | H place for the housing floor is perfect in re- fo i a a of plants during the F i lich 4 | DRAWING ROOM. | VERANDA P = gard to light an | 5 WOU) aetdtxrzipt 1) 1) Ill setotxret2" cold weather. ventilation. f aa if Ho The dining-room The entrance hall Wetiice aarti has a cluster of case- . 2 | | \ Ht | \ . is built one step SE es ea eat at ment windows placed above the grade lin Siege pe =a. a é ) g (ye i | ql at one side of the while four steps lead a et ae room, while the in- im . . from the entry to the le side wall space is oc- level of the first floor. <3 cupied by a_ built-in The hall is a central HA buffet. A plate shelf one, with stairs First floor plan extends around the 2.94 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1911 The side and rear of the house August, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 295 The living-room room at the height of the top of the buffet. The wall space below the shelf is treated in a soft buff tone, while the wall space above the shelf is covered with a large- figured paper in golden brown, blue and green. From the dining-room the extensive vista through the hall and the living-room to the living-porch is one of unusual range and fascination. The pantries and kitchen are treated in a sanitary manner, and are equipped with all the best modern conveniences. The owner’s suite and guest-rooms oc- cupy the second floor of the house. The sleeping-rooms are treated with white enamel paint for the trim, while the walls of each room are finished in one par- ticular color scheme. The bathrooms have tiled wainscoting and floors, and are fur- nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. The house contains ample storage space and two bedrooms in the third story, and The dining-room The fireplace in the living-room heating apparatus, fuel-rooms and laundry in the cellar. Considerable cultivation is in evidence about the house, and the lines of the build- ing have been very much enhanced by the beauty of the growing shrubs and plants. The approach to a house is the introduction, and the closely-clipped hedge at each side of the walk presents an inviting appearance in advancing from the street. The ground plans are simple and permit the laying out of a lawn in front with a few bushes, which with the low hedge and sey- eral choice trees give just the effect needed for setting off the dwelling. In the rear there is more horticultural elaboration, as will be seen in the engraving, where there is some approach to a massing of plants and bushes, which with the low hedge and se- verity, which is the most pronounced, is the garden square built on the highest part ot the roof of the living-porch at one end of the house. In selecting a dwelling of this type of stucco construction, the example presented in the illustrations was found and studied by the writer, and it impressed him with the value of the free style shown in the archi- tect’s work. Still another striking feature was the diffusion of colors, a scheme car- ried out in this instance in a way which furnishes many pleasant effects in the gray stucco and greens of the outside and in the tints of brown, yellow and blue of the in- terior. ‘The last colors, while infusing the ceilings, walls and the like with warmth and life, also contribute a tone to the in- side, which is in pleasing contrast to the gray of the rough cement construction and the opposing shades of the roof, the half- timber and the trimmings. In addition to the architectural points which work in stucco can achieve, he was also impressed by the practical plan of the dwelling and its effective ventilation. 296 ‘af |KitchenIlh | Down {Pantry t [ss at Red Bank, New Jersey, which was de- signed by Fred M. Truex, architect, of New York, is perhaps one of the most in- teresting of its type of cement construction, for the reason that considerable liberty has been taken in the design. ‘The de- parture from routine in planning this house is a feature of the interior arrangement. ‘The entrance-porch, built at an angle, arrests attention by the unique way in which it is designed. It is separated, as it should be, from the living- porch. The extension of the second story over this porch is also a liberty in cement construction which has proven entirely satisfactory. The exterior walls of the building are constructed of a light-gray stucco finish, and the roofs are covered with shingles stained a tile red, which harmonizes well with the gray stucco and gives a Spanish feeling to the general scheme. The porch floors and columns are built of re- inforced concrete. The entrance-hall is built two steps below the level of the first floor. Both the hall and the living-room are trimmed with chestnut and stained and finished in a soft brown tone. The hall has a paneled wood ceiling and a concrete floor AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Second floor plan marked off in squares. by the fireplace being placed in the center of one side of the The living-room is well balanced room. It is built of light gray brick, and is provided with a stone shelf. “Che walls have a low wooden wainscoting and a paneled wall extending to the ceiling, which is beamed. The panels of the walls are covered with golden-brown bur- lap. The dining-room, opening direct from the living-room, is also trimmed with chestnut and is finished in a similar manner. ‘The walls are paneled from the floor to the ceil- ing, and the ceiling is paneled and cut in between chestnut beams. The floor of the dining-room is laid with re-inforced concrete in red and marked off in squares, and is one step above the level of the floor of the living-room. The kitchen and the pantry are well equipped with all the best modern appointments. The kitchen walls have a wainscoting of Keene’s cement to the height of five feet. This wainscoting and the entire walls of the kitchen are treated with white enamel paint. The second floor is treated in a dull white enamel, and the doors of birch are stained and finished in mahogany. The den is trimmed with chestnut. The bathroom is treated with white enamel and is fur- nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. A hot-water heating plant, the fuel-rooms and a The entrance front of the house August, 1911 cold- storage room are placed in the cellar, and all these last, the so-called lesser rooms and ac- cessories of a house —the kitchen, bath- room, pantry, fuel- rooms, etc. — need not in this dwelling be considered except that they are models of right dimensions and perfectly fur- nished. The» main struc- tural work of this house has received AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The living-room 297 ing and _ graceful treatment and one which releases the design from any conditions of sever- ity. There is not space here to specify all the features of this house, but the illustrations will al- low one to make an architectural excur- sion around and through this nicely arranged residence, and they point out the adaptability of the lower rooms for more than the usual attention given by designers to resi- dences. The dwell- ing is a rich example of varied combina- tions and some of these may boast of marked originality; for instance, the boldness of the pro- jection of the small porch and its posi- tion in relation to all the lines of the plan. A porch placed in this way is singu- Jarly fitted to re- ceive a very impos- The dining-room the harmonious dis- position of furniture and accessories of indoor living. The house is very evi- dently built with the intention of secur- ing comfort in the variable climate of northerly New Jer- sey, and will with- stand ettectively the coldest and most in- clement weather, while the very ex- extensive porch area will make outdoor summer life most enjoyable. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a WaaA. A stone and shingle house costing $5,500 Stone, brick and stucco are the materials used A gambrel-roof house of excellent design aeuwe se Bien A dwelling house of stucco costing $2,500 A model house of excellent proportions A GROUP OF MODERN DWELLINGS August, r9rt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 299 A reinforced concrete house costing $3,500 complete A lean-to roof house of good design ap oP PD ts A as Oa es re: aig ses i ve IS GTM A double-coursed shingled dwelling with hipped roof An interesting house of combined stucco and shingles SRE ime Sas ay ees MENS Stucco and shingles are used to build this house A gambrel-roof house of simple pretensions. COSTING FROM $2,500 UPWARDS 300 i Ba t nt ag fl ‘lla i, 7) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Table August, 1911 : iG aril f me 3 al Wick 52; ‘iy fas ‘lie | — How To Arrange Porch [rays By Phebe Westcott Humphreys Photographs by Mary H. Northend YOR REAKING away from non-essentials and Ket novelty in dainty serving, is the secret of success for the home caterer in hot weather. The popularity of tray service is encouraging overworked housewives throughout the land to issue their own little emancipation proclamations, in re- gard to elaborate catering for the family, or the summer guests. Decorative trays of spacious dimensions may now be secured at little cost—in fact the size, the plan, the general durability and attractiveness of the popular porch tray of to-day, with its strong handles, and upright rim to prevent the dishes from sliding off, show the tendency to- wards simplicity in service; for the popular porch tray is of sufficient size to accommodate an entire meal for two, when it is light luncheon, or Sunday supper, that is being served. The arrangement of the tray will depend upon the func- tion of the serving. For the porch tea, or the light refresh- ments for the guest, it should be distinguished by its sim- plicity. Any effort toward display will detract somewhat from the gracious hospitality of offering cooling refresh- ment, or the restful ‘“‘cup o’ tea,” after the guest is cosily settled in the comfortable porch rocker or among the cush- ions of the cool canvas-backed sewing seat—ready for a chat while nibbling at the dainty crackers and cakes, and enjoying the beverage. Trays of assorted sizes should now be found in every summer home, as they may be bought in inexpensive and Fig. 1—A tray arranged for an afternoon porch tea durable form. It will be much wiser to have several of the less costly, rather than one big, elaborate, unwieldy attair, dificult to handle and not always appropriate. For the little oval tray of the one-guest-size (or, when used for home service, of the supper-for-two-size), may be used with or without the linen centerpiece or the small doileys. With a plate of salted wafers, and one of sweet cakes in the center of the tray, the pitcher of iced grape juice, or lem- onade, should stand at one end, and the two tall glasses at the other; and the additional touch, for a festive occasion, may be a single half-blown rose with long stem, simply laid on the tray between the cake plates, to be claimed by the caller after enjoying the refreshments. I know a gracious little hostess who possesses the knack of doing just the right thing to please and flatter each in- dividual guest; and when a porch tray luncheon is in prog- ress, or even the simplest of tray refreshments, the guest or guests will find their favorite blossoms on the tray if it is possible for the garden to supply them—whether it is a single beautiful rose, a bunch of violets, pansies, sweet peas, or one of the various annuals blooming in the garden beds at the base of the porch, or in the flower boxes out- lining the railings. Flowers laid loosely on the tray are better than any attempt at vase or bowl clusters; as they occupy less room and all stilted appearance is avoided. No matter how carefully and painstakingly the tray nas been arranged, it must have the appearance of having been “picked up” on short notice, with its attractive refresh- ment gathered together with little trouble or anxious Fig. 2—Biscuits, sardines and coffee are arranged on this tray August, I9II thought. It is this knack in appropriate arrangement, that makes porch tray service appear so friendly and spon- taneous a refreshment. The illustrations show some exceedingly attractive trays arranged for serving porch teas and luncheons. Fig. 1 is simply a tea tray arranged for an afternoon porch tea; yet so dainty is the equipment, and the arrangement, that with little trouble in its preparation it will make the daily function of afternoon tea appear a festive occasion. Fig. 3 is arranged for an appetizing porch luncheon. Here ginger ale, crisp biscuit, cream cheese, deviled herring AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 301 It is noticed that Figs. 1 and 2 have dainty little oval tea cloths covering the trays. Where there is pouring of either tea or coffee this is appropriate, and gives additional dainti- ness to the serving. Figs. 3 and 4 have the polished sur- face of the trays exposed, where only the cold drinks are served with lighter refreshments. When a number of guests make it necessary to serve more refreshment than can be accommodated on one tray, two may be set side by side; and their attractive arrange- ment in this instance will require special care. The square- corner trays, of the same size, will be best; and they may be Fig. 3—Uneeda biscuit, cream cheese, ginger ale and deviled herring are arranged on this tray and prestallets are tastefully presented, the simplicity of the tray corresponding with that of the fare. When ginger ale, sarsaparilla and similar soft or “temperance drinks” are served, the bottles may be set directly on the tray, with the siphon bottle; with a plentiful supply of finely cracked ice in each glass. But the grape juice and the orange or lemonade are more pleasing in a tall pitcher, accompanied by the cooling tinkle of ice in the pouring. Another porch luncheon is shown in Fig. 2. Sardines, biscuit and coffee form the appetizing repast attractively served. Fig. 4 illustrates a dainty tray equipped with iced tea, lady fingers, sandwiches and cut cake. Fig. 4—Lady fingers, sandwiches, cake and iced tea are placed on this tray arranged to appear as one large tray when placed close together on the porch table, with some branches of quick- growing vines—pulled from the porch honeysuckle or cin- namon vine or other thrifty climber—hiding the place where the two trays join. Sweet alyssum blossoms or saucy pansy faces peeping from the vine tendrils will make this double-tray decoration one of exceeding beauty, while serv- ing the purpose of utility. Quick-growing, profuse-bloom- ing annuals, that bloom better when their flowers are picked daily, should form a part of every porch box or flower bed; and their use in the decoration of porch trays will be con- stantly appreciated. Notes on Cacti HE Echinocacti or Hedgehog Cacti are per- haps some of the most familiar of all the Cactus family. A number of these flower freely when they attain to a good size, but the group known as Echinopsis is much more worthy of attention. Nearly all these will blossom when they are fairly small, and the flowers produced are among the grandest of all the diffrent kinds of Cactus. These plants like an open mixture of good fibrous loam and small pieces of sandstone, well drained pots, a liberal supply of water in summer and practically none in winter. One of the handsomest kinds is found in Echinopsis Eyriesii, a plant which bears long-tubed fragrant blossoms of a brilliant whiteness. Another very free flowering kind is E. Tubiflora, a sum- mer blooming species with white blossoms, whilst E. cristata purpurea may be recommended as a variety with beautiful rose-colored flowers. A method which is recommended as a means of making these plants flower is certainly singular, but it has the merit of being successful, when, as occasionally happens with these rounded Cacti, they refuse to bloom. With a sharp knife, cut right across the plant from one side to the other, thus taking its top off. The upper portion will probably grow if planted in sandy soil; but in any case the rooted half will shortly after start to grow very freely. The new shoots will increase very rapidly in size, and as soon as they become ripened will be likely to produce flowers. In conclusion, mention should be made of the Epiphyl- lums, which are distinctive in that many of them naturally bloom in the autumn and winter. On account of the liability of most of these species to rot away, it is the custom to graft them upon stock of some other kind of Cactus. The Epiphyllum Coccineum is a very beautiful variety and of fairly simple culture, provided perfect drainage is arranged. During very hot weather these plants require some shelter from the sun, as they require more shade than any of the Cacti. When the plants are in a healthy state the flowers are very freely produced, and the former can be relied upon to blossom with regularity. Te ee . Moe yi BIT DKK Wey PG le Lk Mas ae) oh } A — Pe Wy ee ay a RNR ek A Curved-back armchair AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Settee of close-meshed weave August, 1911 ; ong 1 \ Square-back armchair Furniture for the Home Willow Furniture By Vernon Powers (A tremely crude and limited way. About eighteen years ago, two or three Polish families and one Englishman were making willow chairs in their homes and selling them to the stores, a few at a time, as they completed them. Since that period, several factories have sprung up, each employing from fifteen to fifty “hands,” and the importation of foreign osiers. for furniture-making now runs into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. The best willow comes from’ France, near the Belgian border, and the traveler may see acres upon acres of beautiful, tall osiers growing everywhere. The wil- low is planted carefully, and each year the shoots or osiers are cut close to the ground. No shoots or “suckers”? from the willow trees are of sufh- cient pliancy to be of any value. The osiers, as soon as cut, are gathered into bundles and placed on end in tubs of water, and allowed to stand for some time in order to aid the sap in running throughout the entire length of the stalks. Then the process of peeling is begun. This is accomplished by the aid of a specially designed knife, which is made in the form of a blade, with projections at either end, so as tobe held in position by the fingers, thus bringing the blade between the fingers. A. skilful “veeler”’ deftly runs his hand the entire length of the osier, remoy- ing the bark ina moment. The shoots are then gathered into bun- dles and bound by wires, ready for shipment. Each bundle is made up of carefully assorted stock, so as to have shoots of the Al f y, V4 twin fie Porch luncheon set Broad hanging seat same diameter in one bundle. About four or five sizes of shoots are required in the manufacture of willow furniture. All of the weaving is done by hand, and several hundred designs of chairs, tables, swings, chaise-lounges, beds, side- boards, and dining-room suits are included. Like every- thing else made in America, the majority of the manufac- turers are at present trying to vie with one another to see how cheaply the goods can be produced, and the depart- ment stores of the country are clamoring for low-priced goods. ‘The result has been to sacrifice quality, but a few of the leading manufacturers are adhering to prices which wili warrant the making of the first- class goods. Cheap willow fur- niture is not sufficiently durable to warrant its purchase, but well-made French willow chairs will last a lifetime. The original use of willow furniture was for the summer cottage or the porch, but to- day the variety of patterns and beautiful brown and tan color- : ings have induced consumers to furnish their winter homes in part with willow. Many imi- tations of the willow furniture are made in reed, which is nothing more than the smaller sizes of rattan, and these goods are not as strongly built as the willow pieces. Willow furni- ture, like everything else, can be produced at all kinds of prices, but if one desires strength, dura- bility, harmony of color, and pleasing design, it cannot be ob- tained at cut rates. A tastefully and durably furnished willow room will cost, including cushions, from seventy dollars to two hun- dred or more. When this is ac- complished, the purchaser will enjoy the ease that comes from the use of well-constructed ware when made of very good material. August, I9II AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 303 Wheeled tray In the modern wickerware stores the willow furniture goods exhibited make a favorable impression by the wide range and number of styles. But a close inspection reveals the fact that the cheaper grades lack the finish and fineness that are needed to stand the hardest usage of house service. This should lead a pur- chaser to practice real economy by selecting articles that are guaranteed to have the brand of the French willow. These very suddenly leap in price, but their material and workmanship are of so fine a class that the pieces are bound to hold their shape. color and durability for a satisfactory num- ber of years. French willow stands to com- pete in all these essential qualities with much of the strongest leathers and upholstered materials in vogue, and is able to surpass the . mass of furniture output of the day. A surprising feature of this industry is the skill attained in designing the forms of willow frames. All articles that are fash- ioned in wood in the current forms of the art can be successfully, if not perfectly, re- produced by the weaving of osiers. A view of the accompanying engravings will show a result which makes it possible to claim that there is no size, shape or type of furniture incapable of being duplicated or invented in wickerwork. Whether the weaving is plain or intricate, the patterns are marvels of adroit workmanship. The most difficult turns, angles and combinations are nego- tiated in ways that make the contours and elaborations of all styles of willow furniture beautiful in their general appearance. The two massive armchairs, one at each end of the large settee, are different in the 298% EE Sewing-room table Beach chair Reading table and book rack mesh of the weave, the forms of the back, and other de- tails, and this variety shows the versatility of design and the skill of the weaver. The settee exhibits the refinement reached in compactness of weaving, and in the other articles representing a desk, a table, a shade chair, a bookcase, a sideboard and a luncheon outfit of table and chairs, are seen average examples of the advance of willow pieces of porch and indoor furniture into their present popu- larity. Willow furniture of the types shown in the illustrations present many features that suggest articles appropriate to the utili- ties as well as the luxuries of a well-ordered home. ‘Their appearance indicates that the pieces are capable of combining the means of carrying out one’s ideas in making a corner cosy, a porch a place of repose, a bedroom or dining-room as well furnished as if the articles were fashioned of the more sturdy woods, and with the added advantage that all the pieces are easy to handle, refreshing in appearance, cool in use in warm weather, and when amply cushioned, perfectly com- fortable for service and pleasing to the eye, in the colder seasons. ‘These designs in numerous cases yield examples that are adapted to beautify a pretentious room sufh- ciently to aid those other contributions of objects and ornaments that inform it with artistic life. Just as significantly do some answer the practical needs of the working side of furniture, as shown in the wheeled tray, or on the side of luxuries when the summer porch comforts are made very inviting in the hanging settee; points in all these cases obtained without any claim of purity of line or perfect scroll work. SRE SLE v A/V { BOE. OROCG | Saas So me XA AX yj Small bookcase Sideboard for wicker-furnished dining-room Writing desk AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1911 A Medel Settlement of Workingmen's Homes By Paul Thurston A group of small houses built after one plan, and showing the value in the use of different kinds of material for their construction ee pp HE village of Mayfair, just outside of the city of Chicago, is most fortunate in hay- ing two men as enterprising as Messrs. Sorensen & Olson, who have laid out several squares of land and have planned and built an interesting group of houses, some of which are illustrated in this How best to make the settlement beautiful has careful consideration. One of the rules I paper. been a subject of of the village is that the front line and the division lines of each of the properties shall be divided only by a closely clipped hedge of privet. Every encouragement is given by the promoters to the land-owners to maintain the proper A brick and stucco house, cost $3,400 keeping of their home grounds, so that the beauty of each street, which has been so earnestly sought, may be attained. There are no monotonous and depressing rows of brick and mortar in this group of little dwellings, but dainty in- dividual houses are there, which, in time, will be covered with growing vines, thereby enhancing and creating a more effective appearance than at present obtains. A feature of peculiar interest is that only one floor plan has been used in the construction of these little dwellings, the point of distinction of each of the houses being found in the use which has been made of the various kinds of materials em- ployed in their construction. This is due not so much, however, to the great variety of materials which has been A cement stucco house, cost $3,350 ’ Cost $3,300 350 Cost $3,400 Cost $3 eal ES a A SW it HL A brick and cement block house. A stucco and brick house A cement block and brick house. ,300 300 Cost $3 Cost $3,500 ost $3 G n Z Lx) Q or < ) Q Z < n aa = O a0 Z < oS) ad aa = < A brick and cement block house. A dwelling built of stucco. Cement block and brick house. August, 1911 306 AMERICAN HOMES AND employed, as it is to the man- ner in which they have been combined. One of the houses may be built of stucco, an- other of brick, another of frame and brick, and so on, throughout the entire village, yet the general aspect of each house is distinct in character one from the other. In re- gard to the planning of these houses, there is only one standard type of dwelling. They have been planned, however, after much thought and careful study. Each house contains a large living- room, dining- room, kitchen and pantry on the first floor, and three bed- rooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The hiowsies are trimmed _ inside with the best grade of oak, for the halls, dining- and_ liv- ing-rooms, and with Georgia pine for the re- mainder of the dwelling. The floors are laid with maple. a man who has ie \ worked hard and failed 6/5 - to provide an adequate my income for his family. : ; | It is equally sad to see the work of a man | | ' who has left his family a comfortable main- | tenance brought to naught by the wife's | peaueeence or the folly or misconduct __ of others. What relief from anxiety to know that +! you have provided for your wife and chil- + dren a certain and definite income that can- | not be lost or diminished. | a At a cost of practically 51 cents a day | | | (age 35) THE TRAVELERS GUARAN- Write for descriptive matter she Gesaen ————— a TEED LOW COST MONTHLY INCOME :: | POLICY provides an income of $50a month | | for twenty years. Ata slightly larger cost, | | $50 a month for life. The policy will not | | lapse if you become unable to pay the pre- mium in consequence of total and perman- | ent disability from accident or disease. Write for booklet—give your age. MORAL: INSURE IN THE TRAVELERS. | HERR EABEABE THE TRAVELERS | sive legeaeeatta INSURANCE COMPANY | = HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. Sampleand A House Lined with Circular Free Mineral Wool aE as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, ee he ennatiee and he Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. \ The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under t i i i ini Jes Le a rN nor insects can make their way through or live init. ee eae) baal and enlinaty purposes, MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- keeps out dampness. ing or power engine in most efficient and economical TT Dh oe ; manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo- Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. VERTICAL SECTION, ! i ‘ i ' : i ' bo: always have an extra amount of letter writing to do in the summer time. To do it handily and wherever you choose, Waterman’s Ideal js : the obvious factor. You can always rely upon this pen. Carry it wherever you go. It is always ready, and, what’s more, it’s safe. Waterman’s Ideals are well madeand handsomely finished in the Regular, Safety and Self-Filling types. The same pen will last for many vacations. For your own satisfaction, find the little words ‘‘Waterman’s Ideal” on the pen you buy. All leading stores. Booklet on request. L. E. Waterman Co., 173 Broadway, New Yorlt™ 8 School Street, Boston. 115 So. Clark Street, Chicago. 17 Stockton Street, San Francisco. 107 Notre Dame Street, W., Montreal. Kingsway, London. 6 Rue de Hanovre, Paris. vl A Banker would not think of permitting mildew to destroy a bond. He would not let the rust eat away the hinges of a safety deposit box. He would not buy a railroad and trust it to run itself. Yet there are bankers with money invested in trees (for every tree is worth money) who do not have them properly attended to— who permit them to die of decay and disease without calling a competent tree surgeon to minister to their needs. ‘Trees are an investment, and pay a big dividend in pleasure and comfort, and they should be just as carefully looked after as any other investment. The Davey Tree Experts Will Protect Your Investment In Trees These experts are trained under the direction of John Davey, ‘‘father of tree sur- gery.’’ They operate scientifically. They understand tree life, know the needs of the trees, and are skilled in supplying these needs. The Davey men have treated and saved thousands of trees upon the estates of business men who have learned that trees are too valuable to be neglected. A responsible business organization stands behind their work and guarantees its quality. THE CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO. I have your letter making inquiry as to the results of treatment of trees at ‘’Ballyat- wood,’’ Lake Forest, Illinois. I find the trees are all healing nicely, and there seems a healthy growth around the cavities you filled. The bark protection ranges from a quarter to an inch in thickness. Considering the fact the trees were quite old ones, your treatment of them has proven all you claimed for it, and I am pleased with the work you did for me. Very truly yours, February 10, 1911 B. A. HAMILL, Chicago, Ill. Why Not Have Your Trees Inspected This Fall By A Davey Expert? By writing at once, you may be able to have one of our authorized representatives inspect your trees in the early future and advise you as to their needs. It may be that they require treatment before cold weather sets in, in which case prompt action will save you money and worry. At any rate, you should know whether they require attention, and this inspection will give you the facts without placing you under any obligation to employ our service. Illustrated booklets on Tree Surgery which contain much useful information about trees sent upon application to owners of estates with fine trees. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Ine. 129 Ash St., Kent. Ohio (Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery) CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE By RALPH C. DAVISON HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner the var- ious methods of casting concrete for ornamental and useful pur- poses and covers the entire field of ornamental concrete work. It tells how to make all kinds of concrete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes- tals, concrete benches, concrete fences, ete. Full practical instructions are given for constructing and finishing the differ- ent kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames and modeling the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing the various objects. With the information given in this book any handyman or novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement for the adornment of the home or garden. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material, and has explained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt- ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which is necessary with the former material. The information on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as there is little known on the subject and there is alarge growing de- mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. >) HUMAN ULL FUNTS FINE FURNITURE Advance Showing of Fall and Winter Styles ‘This exhibit of Fine Furniture is the largest and most comprehensive we have ever assembled. Authentic reproductions of. the best ex- amples of every period famous in furniture history, and many exclusive patterns designed and wholly executed by our own artists and craftsmen. Our TRADE “MARK and ONE STANDARD of QUALITY is your GUARANTEE. Geo.C. Funt Co. Wi P S I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of ReEicEney eS - r Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamenta ower a al EES) T eling the Cement Mortar into Form. Pots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with III. Plaster Molds for Simple Forms. Colored Tile. 24-25 WEstT 24° St. IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having X. Concrete Pedestals. = Curved Outlines. XI. Concrete Benches. = V. Combination of Casting and Model- XII. Concrete Fences. = ing—An Egyptian Vase. XIII, Miscellaneous, including Tools, [itr VI. Glue Molds. Water proofing and Reinforcing. VPULUTTTTUULULUUULL LLL UCL CL CULL LEP ICU LUCE LLP VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used fur Producing Designs with same. 16 mo. 544x7¥ inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a- bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ! AUG12 1985 FEEDING THE YOUNG CHICKS By IDA D. BENNETT HERE is no better food for the young chicks during the first days of their downy chickenhood than hard-boiled eggs minced fine, with plenty of scalded milk to drink; in a few days this may be supplemented with bread crumbs which have been soaked in milk or water until they crumble freely, and squeezed dry and crumbly—never wet bread with hot water or try to crumble it until sufficiently soaked; it should be crumbly and not soggy or over-wet, and only as much should be fed at a time as will be eaten up clean. To the bread crumbs and hard-boiled eggs may also be added corn-meal baked in a johnny- cake and then dipped in water or milk and crumbled; this is greatly relished by the little chicks and forms one of the best of foods. After the chicks are a couple of weeks old less soft feed should be given and the main dependence placed upon grain of various kind—oats hulled or cracked, cracked corn and whole wheat making an excellent diet. If the hen has her liberty on a grass range and access to some bare ground she will pick up the greater part of the feed for the chicks, and that of a kind well calculated to aid their growth and digestion, but do not think that she can find all that they will require; they will need generous feed at least four times a day after they have passed the downy stage, and at least three times a day after they feather out. The water-supply is very important for all fowls and especially for young chicks. The practice of supplying water in old tin cans cannot be too strongly condemned. Rusty tin produces oxide of tin—a poison for the fowls and one which induces laxity; most of the cases of so-called chicken cholera can be traced to rusty tin drinking vessels; iron vessels, on the contrary, are beneficial, as the iron given off in the form of rust is an excel- lent tonic for the fowls. The drinking fountains improvised from a flower-pot and saucer answer every requirement of the small chick, and larger pots may be adapted to the needs of the larger fowls. Anything large enough to drown a chicken or to wet its body, should it get into it, should not be allowed where there are young chicks. A little chick will get into a dish of water which barely reaches above its legs and will be so chilled that it cannot get out and will die from the exposure as surely as though drowned. The drinking-vessels need frequent emptying, cleaning and re- filling, and it is a good plan to keep a wire or whisk brush at hand for the pur- pose, as these will remove the scum which adheres to the sides much more thoroughly and quickly than a cloth. Unless chickens are intended for broil- ers, too fattening food should be avoided, and those grains rich in bone, muscle and nerve production should be fed. Wheat, oats, ground beans—all are excellent food for the growing chick, building up a framework on which future layers of flesh and fat may be placed to advantage. But where chickens are to be fattened at an early age for market, then the prin- cipal reliance must be placed on corn, feeding freely of the cracked grain and supplementing this with the baked johnny-cake. But grain alone will not be sufficient for the growing chick; it must have a a Y Ls y It is now Ll? customary at afternoon teas and luncheons to serve } | NABISCO Sugar Wafers as the crowning touch—with 4 a] tea or chocolate. YY) in ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND —————————————- 12mo. :: Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of mis- cellaneous devices, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. : MUNN & CO., Inc., osceniablisherschicany 361 Broadway, New York VACUUM CLEANERS Broomell’s Victory Stationary We manufacture Electric Stationary Cleaners for buildings of any size or kind. We make a specialty of residence work; and our machines can be installed in old or new houses without expert help. We manufacture a Stationary for use with Gasoline Engine or other power, especially adapted to country homes, The VICTOR Electric Portable is a very powerful handsomely finished machine. ‘‘’ 77s the finest in the land.’’ Send for printed matter. Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY, YORK, PA. il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, rgr1 $F jr Keal Estate Mart CONNECTICUT At Stamford, Gonn. LARGE AND SMALL FARMS SHORE AND COUNTRY HOMES BEAUTIFUL BUILDING SITES OVER- LOOKING THE SOUND E. P. JORDAN, <2. Park Rew Stamford, Conn. Greenwich, Conn. | Resdlenconesmes Home Location Charmingly locatec_ fine train service and everything the best A Country Seat pought here for a Home, or for an In- vestment, is by far the Best that America can afford May I have the early opportunity to show you around? | Laurence Timmons, OP: ®-R; Station, Telephone 456 Voultry, Pet aw Live Stork Directory Shetland Ponies An unceasing source of Me pleasure and robust health bw} to children, Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. Com- plete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated catalogue free. BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. W, Markham, Va. are interested in Poultry, Pets or Live Stock, you will find these subjects de- scribed in forthcoming issues of American Homes and Gardens These articles will probably start with the next issue, (Sep- tember) and each one will be of an instructive and interesting by the best authors in these lines. nature— written The new advertising depart- ment under the heading Poultry, Pet and Live Stock Directory should have your careful atten- tion. In writing to advertisers mention A. H. and G. Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. : $2 postpaid A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE Suggeste a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spint. Com- plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti- cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. The Home of the Thoro’bred, Blue Ribbon, Utility Bred. Stock and Poultry Faultless Houdans The 300 eggs hen which has been produced thro’ 21 consecutive years of trap nest breeding. These hens average 250 eggs a year and our best specimens lay up to 304 eggs. These fow] are ex- tremely hardy —are non-setters—lay the largest egg of any breed and average 75 eggs more a year than any otherfowlonearth. They have won every blue ribbon at New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Chicago shows forthe pastsix years. Send 10c. for the largest illustrated poultry catalog ever printed. Also some beautiful Welsh and Shetland ponies for sale. Jersey cattle that are great milk and butter Producers E. F. McAVOY Secretary Houdan Club Cambridge, N. Y. POMERANIANS AND COLLIES POM PATCH TUFNELL (A. K. C, 117.920) 3% Ibs., black. A winner of many prizes in the hottest competition. Sire of beautiful small puppies. Fee, $25 prepaid GENERAL BOGIE (a. kK. C. 130,221) 8 lbs.. American bred, black. Sire of the winner, Oak Hill Clover. Fee, $15 prepaid We have pedigreed puppies and grown stock of both breeds for sale. OAK HILL KENNELS ELLIS PLACE OSSINING, N. Y. Telephone, 323 Ossining certain amount of raw meat, and where this is not supplied by the insects and worms upon the range it must be fur- nished from table scraps, ground bone or meat scraps from the market. This may be fed in combination with the noon- time feed of soft stuff—table scraps, mid- lings, bran and the like. Green stuff in some form is also a ne- cessity, and where the fowls are confined in a grassless enclosure some means of providing the necessary amount of vege- tation should be devised. In summer the most convenient way will be by way of the lawn-mower, a few moments’ use of which, night and morning, will supply sufficient grass and clover, in a crisp, palatable shape, for a large flock. This should be placed before them the last thing at night and early in the morning, but should always be fresh and crisp if it is to be eaten with relish. The trim- mings from green vegetables may be chopped up and fed, cabbage and celery being especially acceptable to the flock, and all table refuse is greedily eaten. If the chicks have a comparative amount of liberty they will probably pick up enough gravel for the needs of their digestion, but lime should be provided in the way of ground bone, oyster shells, and the like, and a supply of broken char- coal should always be within reach, as this is an excellent corrective of indiges- tion and purifier of the blood. The clos- est watch should be kept for any signs of disease or of lice. The moment a fowl seems stupid, ailing or in any way out of the normal, it should be separated from the remainder of the flock until it is itself again or has developed a well- indicated case of illness; in the latter case, if of a contagious nature, it will be best to chloroform the bird at once and bury it deeply where the contamina- tion cannot spread to the rest of the flock. Lice are the greatest enemy of the poultry - raiser, and when suspected the most energetic measures should’ be adopted for their extermination, as no chickens will thrive when infested with lice. The first thing that should be done when a hen comes off her nest with her brood should be to examine her carefully for lice and dust her thoroughly with in- sect powder and place her in a perfectly clean barrel with clean bedding. The chicks should then be gone over care- fully, examining every bit of their heads and under the bill and throat and dusting them well and placing them as fast as treated under their mother. If all lice are gotten rid of on the start or are not present little trouble will be had with the chicks later in the season. In feeding young chicks the soft feed should not be thrown on the ground, but placed on clean boards and all uneaten food removed. Grain should be fed in long, narrow troughs, which the chicks cannot get into, and these should be placed on clean grass, gravel or on a board platform where there is no loose dirt or litter to scratch into it. The water dishes, also, should be similarly placed, and in as cool and shaded a part of the yard as possible. Care should be taken to close the bar- rels securely each night and to count the chicks every time they go to bed, are let out in the morning or whenever they are fed. In this way if a chick is miss- ing it may be looked for at once and in many cases saved. Chicks should not be taken from the hen, as a general thing, until she weans feat ee) September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii them of her own accord, nor should a hen ever be confined in a coop while the youngsters stray at will outside; the coop method is probably responsible for the death of more chicks than any other form of mismanagement; left at liberty with her chicks the hen will protect them from other fowls, from rats and from cats; confined in a coop she is powerless to aid them in any way. At liberty she will help them to find food, will hover them much more than when confined in a coop, Va and if in any trouble will frequently be able LE to rescue them. A hen confined in a Z ee coop is in a constant state of anxiety and excitement, and the coop is unfit for the nesting of the birds when night comes; left at liberty she will return at night- fall with her brood to a clean, dry bar- tel, where all will be safe and snug. THEN the ball is snapped into play, twenty-two men leap into instant action. Certainly no ordinary camera lens could capture a picture of that sort. But look at the above photograph, taken with a Bausch lomb feiss JESSAR JENS Every detail is sharp, clear, pertect. Even the ball is arrested in its speedy flight by this still speedier lens. A CONCRETE POTATO-PEELER NOVELTY in cement construction is a concrete potato-peeler. It is an urn-shaped reinforced concrete ves- sel, which has a revolving disk in the bot- tom of the bowl, driven from below through bevel gearing, and designed to spin the potatoes around the inside of the bowl. The rough surfaces on the disk and bowl And the Tessar, with its wonderful light-gathering powers, has uniform, excellent definition. It is by far the best all-round lens ever produced—adaptable for all outdoor action pictures, landscapes, indoor portraits and so on. Our Booklet J gives prices and full information as to the rub off the potato skins, and several sprays 2 best lens for your particular purpose. Sent on request. of water injected at the upper edge wash the potatoes clean and carry the refuse out at the bottom. It peels a peck of potatoes perfectly in two minutes, and while the ma- chine is still running a door in the side is opened and the potatoes are ejected by cen- B 8 Ic O A Cc frifugal force into a galvanized iron recep- ausch omb ptical 0. tacle. A motor of one-half horse-power bcc "VONDON DOCHESTER. NY. Bolt a capacity furnishes ample power, and the _—_— driving pulley is proportioned to give six hundred revolutions per minute to the disk. It is claimed that the machine saves 20 per cent. of potato which is wasted by hand- peeling, to say nothing of the saving in labor and time. Deep eyes and corners in irregular potatoes must, of course, be re- moved with a knife. The machine is cast upside down, using mortar of a consistency which pours read- ily. The mold is made of cast iron, in sev- eral sections, and includes a collapsible core for making the bevel-gear chamber below the peeling-bowl. After the concrete has Our name, backed by over a half a century of ex- perience, 1s on all our products—lenses, microe scopes, field glasses, projection apparatus, engineering and other scientific instruments. “Willowcraft” Furniture represents a step in advance in Willow Furniture. The high character of material and workmanship insures a lifetime of unimpaired service. ““Willowcraft’’ is preferred where beauty and utility are considered essentials, whether for use in winter homes, bungalows or camps. If your dealer doesn't carry ‘‘ Willowcraft”’ furniture bearing the “‘Willowcraft’’ stamp, send for names of dealers who do, also illustrated catalogue and price list. THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS Box A North Cambridge, Mass. stood in the mold for several hours and has Let us help you with your color scheme hardened sufficiently, the mold is inverted Write today for our 22 stained miniature and the inner surface of the bowl is rough- shingles, and simple device which shows how ; 8 your house will look when finished with ened with a steel brush—Concrete Age. | hs s we : Dexter Brothers English Shingle Stains Made of finest English ground colors, linseed oil, and our special Dexter preservative oils. Fifty percent. cheaper than paint and far more artistic in effect. Brings out the natural beauty of the - ra 3 fo, oe hingles and adds years to their life. LOCOMOTIVES INDICATING NA Pa) 2 Dexter Brothers Co., 113 Broad St.,Boston, Mass. TIONAL CHARACTER Rea Bice LL en Bere, 1133 B'dway, New York, 218 RaceSt., Philadelphia, Pa. he a } : ’ Also Makers of Petrifax Cement Coating. ee : = } ! : | AGENTS: F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; H. M. Hooker N ingenious French study of the I &g Co., Chicago; E. B. Totten, St. Louis; F. T. Crowe & aT] r 1 1 ‘ \ reoe we Co., Seattle, Spokane and Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, various ty pes of locomotives In use BS oie A . Ore.; Sherman Kimball, San Francisco; Hoffschlager & ; throughout the world, undertaken J. J. Ferry, Architect, New York, N. Y. De aa Seater! from a new point of view, presents some — * interesting conclusions. One of the most surprising inferences drawn was that genu- ine art is exhibited in the construction of | ! Nees O YOU want to learn how to open, close and locomotives. They show, it is contended 4 lock the shutters on your new residence from the French standpoint, beauty of line ae | without raising the sash? Do you want to know how to open and close the shutters without admitting flies and insects ? Do you want to know how to close your shutters without exposing yourself to rain and wind ? and proportion and true originality of treat- ment. The American locomotive combines elegance, practicability, convenience and power, thus betokening qualities of the race Cr. : that does its work well The English loco- Lge : ‘ 4 FAS od Then write today for booklet telling all about the Mallory Shutter 2 7, 3d 3 z 2 ; 4 cet os Worker, which we will gladly send you free. motive, it is stated, is more trim and snug, , being smaller, but without loss of power. al aan 7 7 Mallory Manufacturing Company The French is lighter and finer in line than ae 297 Bridge Street & P either of ‘the two mentioned, but is less powerful and effective. Flemington, N. J. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS right bul ding hardware is It should tit blends naturally 1 part of the wit other features and bi comes an i mii It should have artistic qualit and oe to the whole. | that adds beauty | Knob, Escutcheon and Letter-Box Plate on this door are the Hampton design, one) of the many Colonial patterns in Sargent Hardware. Made ovevteeeeeeit.bronze_and brass, polished or sanded_ finish. Sargent Hardware contributes to the permanent worth of any building. It has the solid quality and workmanlike finish that mean long years of service. Sargent Designs are true to the period “and school to which they belong. several Sargent Designs will be found to harmonize with any style of archi- tecture, giving latitude to your personal taste within the limits of harmony. | Write for the Sargent Book of Designs —mailed free | It is thule to anyone who expects to build or remodel. Show it to your architect when you confer on the style of hardware to ybe used. He knows the quality and artistic worth of Sargent Hardware. We have also a Colonial Book illustrating patterns of that period, which we shall include on request. SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 288 Street, New York Sargent Locks give fullest protection ! and longest satisfacto ry wear The yvartetyis~so~-great- that Se eee eee ee ee eee THE MOISANT INTERNATIONAL AVIATORS, Inc. | Offer 7°: Cumulative Preferred Treasury Stock at Par with Bonus of Common Stock The Moisant International Aviators, Inc., have an established producing factory at 276-278-280 Ninth Ave., New York City, where 16 aeroplanes were built in three months—now behind in orders. We must increase our facilities and obtain a larger factory to build 500 Aeroplanes Yearly— profit $1,000 on each aeroplane. We mean to keep our position as the Foremost Aeroplane Manufacturers in America. For this and other legitimate eae of the business The Moisant International Aviators, incorporated under the Laws of the State of New York, 1910, offer 25,000 shares of 7 per cent. Cumulative Preferred Treasury Stock at par—$10 a share—with a bonus of 50 per cent. of Common Stock. (This offer may soon be withdrawn.) Capital $1,000,000. { $809.000 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock. $500,000 Common Stock. Stock full paid and non-assessable. Par value $10 a share. Next Week, at the Moisant Garden City Aviation Field, The Moisant International Aviators, Inc., Passenger-Carrying Monoplanes—Bookings for Flights may be made now. The Moisant International Aviators, Inc., have three sources of income : : he Moisant Factory, equipped to build all types of Aeroplanes. 2. The Moisant Aviation School and 1200-acre Exhibition Field at Garden City. 3. The Moisant International Aviators’ Sea the States—have demonstrated in 36 cities since Jan. 1, 1911, made successful flights and have taken receipts of nearly $15 L, Air-Navigation and Air-Transportation are accomplished ee Aeroplane Manufacturing is an Established Commercial Industry and Aeroplaning will be the swiftest means of Transportation. The Greatest American Fortunes have been amassed in-concerns identified with Transportation—Railroads, Trolleys, Car Building, xpress Companies, etc. 50 Millions are now invested in the Aeroplane Industry in Europe. Untold Millions are waiting to be earned by the organized Established Producing Aeroplane Manufacturing Companies in America. Write for information. Ask for our beautifully illustrated booklet on Aviation. Send in your subscription for the 7 per cent. Cumulative Preferred Stock with the bonus of 50 per cent. Common Stock. THE MOISANT INTERNATIONAL AVIATORS, Inc. 1027 Times Building, New York City will have Moisant Telephone, 7451 Bryant SPECIAL NOTICE.—Intending purchasers of Monoplanes, persons desiring a course of aeroplane instruction at our Hempstead School and promoters of Fairs and Aeroplane Contests are requested to address this office. September, 1911 MOVING PICTURE CAMERA, AS A HAND-CAMERA, BY USING A GYROSCOPE T a recent meeting of the Société de Physique, of Paris, an interesting method of taking moving picture views was presented by M. De Proszynski. Heretofore such a camera had to be mounted on a tripod to keep it quite steady, and it was generally turned by a hand-crank. The inventor succeeds in making a hand- camera for use in taking such views. He keeps it steady by using the principle of the gyroscope in an ingenious way, so that holding it in the hand causes no trembling. But the problem was how to drive the gyro- scope and also the film machine, as an elec- tric motor with a battery is not practical, neither is a spring motor. He uses a small compressed air motor devised for the pur- pose, and it is very compact. It gives no shocks when running, which is, of course, an essential point. A unique feature is that an ordinary bicycle pump is used to fill the air cylinder of the motor, so that the whole can be made in the form of a hand-camera about the size of a large kodak, and it is thus self-contained. The inventor showed what the camera would do by projecting some street views on a screen. These were taken when moving the camera about in the hand very rapidly, and the images were remarkably sharp. MEDICINAL PLANTS HE researches presented by Prof. Bourquelot to the Paris Academy of Medicine appear to show that the medicinal qualities of plants are greatly modified by drying them for use, and this action is much greater than may be sup- posed. The chemical as well as therapeutic qualities are found to be changed by the dry- ing. Considerable experimental work was done in order to bring out these facts, and it is shown that when the plant is dried there is an interaction of the various bodies it contains so that some of these destroy oth- ers, and in this way many of the active prin- ciples of the plants are destroyed or made insoluble. However, it is of interest to note that this action can be avoided, or at least in part. By rapidly sterilizing the plants, by dipping them in strong alcohol at the boiling point, the author was able to pre- vent any further destruction of the soluble ferments. Owing to this method, he could separate out the chemical principles which existed in the living plant, and thus have a great advance in analysis of vegetable sub- stances, which is always a difficult matter. He also prepared new pharmaceutical sub- stances which will be likely to give very good results for medicinal purposes. It will be seen that these results are far- reaching and may be very valuable in the interests of future researches. FORAGE CROPS TESTED ANY new forage crops from all parts of the world are being tested every year. Only a few of these possess sufficient value to compete with the crops now grown. Four such plants, however, re- cently introduced, have given such admir- able results that there can be little question that they will prove of great value. Ex- perience of the last three years has shown that Rhodes grass is especially adapted to the Gulf coast region. In southern Florida three cuttings have been made during the winter months and as many as six during the entire season. This grass has fine up- right stems and good seed habits, and should be extensively cultivated in this region, September, Ig11 REMODELING HOUSES HALL we build or remodel? This is a question that has more than one answer. It is the general impres- sion that an old house can be bought and remodeled for a smaller sum than a new house can be built. This is a fallacy. It is true, there are many houses that can be pur- chased for a small sum which were built long ago, in the time when buildings were put together to stay and made of ma- terials that were more than sufficient to hold their own against the ravages of time. But, in order to adapt these buildings to present-day requirements, repairing a broken spot here, altering a staircase, introducing modern plumbing and lighting fixtures, one is required to spend so much that in nine cases out of ten he will find it more costly to remodel the old house than to build a new one. But is it possible to reproduce the architectural style, the picturesque setting and the general atmosphere of a quaint old home? Some recent work gives an emphatic affirmative answer to the question. But the task is not easy, and everything depends upon the architect and an intelligent co-operation upon the part of the owner. Advice on the question of building or remodeling will be found in an article in the October number of AMERICAN Homes anp GARDENS. A number of illustrations show how new houses may be given the charm and atmosphere of the old homestead, and how dilapidated old buildings may be reconstructed and remcdeled to suit a present-day owner. A story is published of an old farmhouse that persisted as a weed in a neighborhood of modern high-priced up-to- date buildings. No one wanted the old house; it had no gas, no electricity, no city water, and not even a furnace; but the surroundings were very picturesque, and it capti- vated a man, who purchased it, and by a course of radical treatment converted it into a quaint mansion. ‘This story is illustrated with pictures of the building before and after undergoing the process of remodeling. In this connection, the October number contains another article on converting garden landmarks, such as smoke-houses, spring-houses, and the like, into studios, workshops and music-rooms. By way of illustration, there is the description of an old tumble- down structure that had nothing to recommend it which was actually converted into a very attractive artist’s studio that is the envy of surrounding estates. THE SMALL MOTOR ON THE FARM HE man who thinks that the farmer of to-day has shown no progress over the farmer of a hundred years ago is himself not up to date. We are making rapid strides in agricultural matters. Farmers are no longer content to do their work by hand, or even by horse- power. They know the value of the gasoline engine and the electric motor, and while electricity on the farm is still in its infancy, internal combustion engines are being very largely used. The time is not far distant when electric AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iy Ae motors will be used to a considerable extent. Electrical en- gineers of this country are beginning to investigate the farms, and are urging central stations in the suburban towns to extend their lines to the rural districts. [here are a number of estates which have their own electric plants, generating sufficient power to perform much of the tedious work of former days in an expeditious and very economical way. A practical discussion of this subject is contained in our next issue. BAYBERRY DIPS HE present fad of reviving old-time customs seems to have neglected the “‘bayberry dips” of our fore- fathers. It is doubtful whether many readers of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS know what a bayberry dip is. The bayberry bush, which grows in abundance along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Florida, and also on the shores of Lake Erie, bears in the autumn a wax-like berry. ‘‘Myrtle-wax,” obtained from this berry, is not used to any considerable extent now, but at one time was the staple material from which most of the candles of our grandmothers were made. ‘The fragrance of the wax is its chief charm. It used to be then the custom to blow out one of the candles at the “‘light-stand,” so that the fragrant smoke, curling up from the wax, would fill the room with perfume. It would be well to revive this old-time candle, particularly at Halloween, Thanksgiving and Christmas time. Just how the candle can be made will be explained next month, when the berries are ripe for picking. CURIOUS GOURDS AND MELONS HE French gardener no doubt leads the world in his ability to produce a very respectable crop on a back- yard plot. The intensive culture methods of the French should prove of great interest to us, particularly at the present time, for we are beginning to learn the value of economical methods. A novel gourd and melon farm is described in the next issue, in which the French method of forcing early growths is explained. Squashes and pump- kins are started under bell glass, thus producing an early season crop. At this farm not only are the edible gourds raised, but some very peculiar ones for purely ornamental purposes. AGRICULTURAL EXPOSITION IN NEW YORK EW YORK is about as far removed from the agricul- tural center of the United States as any city within our borders. Yet here, in November, there is to be held a great national land and irrigation exposition which promises to eclipse any previous exhibitions of this character. By bringing the farmer and his work into a personal touch with our largest commercial center, not only will he be benefited, but a lesson will be taught to the city man as well on the dignity of the countryman’s profession. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Old Wood Paneling, Oxford, England is responsible for a most impor- tant share of distinction of inte- rior woodwork in this country. Not only the hard woods, but more especially the easily pro- cured Red Gum, Cypress and other less expensive woods, attain a permanent finish of refinement Johnson’s Samples Supplied Free T IS remarkable to note the beauty and variety of the woodwork in our modern American Homes. The noblespecimens of English woodwork exampled by our (illustration are not surprising. England has always been a | timber-using country, and such workmanship is the result of centuries of development. It zs surprising to enter our ‘modest, newly built homes where | inexpensive woods are employed, where short-time building con- tracts have limited the niceties of carpentry, and to find woodwork worthy of our sincere admiration. Johnson’s Wood Dye and beauty by the use of Johnson’s Wood Dye. If you are interested in finishing or refinishing any in- terior woodwork including floors and furniture let us mail to you our Illustrated Booklet A.H.-9, rec- ognized by craftsmen everywhere as an authority on finishing wood- work, floors and furniture. Wood Dye—made in fifteen shades, also Johnson's Under-Lac—better than any shellac or varnish, and Johnson’s Prepared Wax for obtaining a soft, dull finish, are put up in trial packages which your local paint dealer will furnish you without charge. Failing to. find them, send us your dealer’s name and we will see that you are supplied with the particular shade you wish to try—FREE. S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. “The Wood Finishing Authorities’’ Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas. sun dials and garden | furniture or A 40 of wood columns. Hartmann - Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES., Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City Our illustration shows the attractive effect that can be obtained by adopting pergola treatment for your garage. This adds but very little to the cost of the building and makes it an attractive feature of your general landscape scheme instead of an eyesore, as it frequently is. CHICAGO, ILL. The Schilling Press Job PRINTERS Fine Book Art and Press Catalog Work Work A Specialty 137-139 E. 25th St., New York Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS STANDING SEAM seistlcetes ROOF | 4 IRONS (CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofe. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA WASHABLE WALL-COVERING By J. MACKAY MW cee wall-coverings are nov~ elties which are as unknown gen- erally as they are practical and sanitary. Never was this fact impressed upon me quite so forcefully as when upon visiting a very wideawake little housekeeper friend of mine. I found her home fitted from foyer to kitchen with washable wall-cover- ings. Walls and ceilings were free from the least suspicion of dust and dirt—and always kept so, spotless, stainless, cleanly. Moreover, with the most expensive papers more wholly artistic decorative treatments could not have been evolved. The halls were a quiet harmony of olive and copper tones. The big sunny living- room was done in imitation burlap effect in dull terra-cotta with a cut-out border of frost-touched oak leaves. The library showed the combination of a modern French design with a plain tone reprodu- cing the deep glowing red which was the dominating shade in the figured texture. Of the bedrooms, it was hard to decide which was the most delightful. One dis- played upon its walls the reproduction of a quaint English print so perfect as to mislead a connoisseur in drapery stuffs. In another, Colonial treatment prevailed, and the gracefully patterned wall-covering was in strict accord. Still a third had its wall strewn with delicately tinted blossoms. In the dining-room, the library, the tiny recep- tion-room, everywhere, this strictly modern texture appeared upon walls and ceiling. All might be subjected to frequent clean- ings, and yet not one bit of artistic beauty had been sacrificed. The material used with such charming effect had a pleasing dull finish, in some cases almost a “‘crépey,’ appearance. No one could recognize in it the old-fashioned oilcloth. Yet such upon investigation it proved to be. It was perfected, or I might better say glorified, called by a new trade name, but still fundamentally oilcloth. A strong muslin foundation had been treated to successive coats of oil and paint, but with such skill that the results rivaled the most beautiful French, English and Jap- anese hangings. Not only in the more formal rooms of the house had this sensible and sanitary wall treatment been adopted, but throughout its entire length, breadth and height. In the kitchen, pantry, laundry and _ bathroom, where cleanliness is the all-important end, it reached perhaps its highest degree of utility. Glaze finish from which every ves- tige of dirt and soil could be instantly re- moved had been found preferable for these rooms and frequently tiling patterns were employed. These appeared in tan, green, light and delft blue. The kitchen was the acme of spotless purity. The lower walls showed tiling effect reproductions of minia- ture Holland scenes. The upper walls and ceiling were of immaculate white. FRUIT DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS HE investigation and study of fruit diseases have been vigorously pushed and have shown a healthy progress. The destructive tumor disease of limes and other citrus fruits has been shown to be of fungus origin, and attacks oranges as well as limes. The new methods of spraying with sulphur compound worked out by the pathologists of the department has been widely adopted by apple growers. The in- vestigation shows that fine fruit can be pro- September, 1911 duced and protection secured against fungus disease without the injurious effect result- ing from copper compound. Bordeaux mixture is still being used, but in the spray- ing of apples it has taken second place. Special attention has been given to experi- mental work in perfecting the method of using the new sulphur sprays for the fruit spot and leaf disease. As a result, fruit- growers who have used the new sprays have secured fine crops of the best apples they have ever grown. Spraying has very largely prevented the fruit spot and leaf disease known as cedar rust, or orange rust, preva- lent in the Blue Ridge and Alleghany moun- tain district from Pennsylvania to Tennes- see. The peach-growers of Virginia, West Virginia, and Georgia have been prompt to adopt the discovery of spraying with self- boiled lime-sulphur for brown rot and scab, which has resulted in the removal of some of the factors which rendered the growing of this fruit uncertain. The pear blight eradication methods have been in extensive use on the Pacific coast. THE LUMINOSITY OF THE SUN HERE have recently been published in France some stupendous figures with reference to the luminosity of the sun, as calculated by Nordmann, of the Paris Observatory. By him the solar heat is placed at 6,482 deg. C. The sun’s total candle-power is represented by him in a string of figures beginning with 18 followed by twenty-seven noughts. This inconceivable sum is equiva- lent to 1,994,000 for every square inch of the sun’s surface. Again, some idea of the amount of light these figures represent may be had from the fact that the most powerful electric arc light has an illuminating power of only 20,000 candles. Prof. Nordmann states that, from every bit of the sun’s surface the size of a finger- nail there issues a quantity of light that would be sufficient to illuminate the entire Avenue de l’Opéra for a whole night. In- asmuch as the sun’s surface is estimated to be some 200,000,000 square miles, its total luminosity may be placed at 51,000,000,- 000,000 times that of the street mentioned. This French observer has also under- taken the task of measuring the light and heat of various large stars, some of which are stated to be even more powerful illumi- nants than the sun. For example, Sirius is found by him ee be about thirty times hotter than the sun, , 190,600 deg. C., while the Polar Star is a PS os aval cold body of merely 8,200 degrees. STAMPS MADE FROM GLUE N PLACE of rubber stamps, Gerhard, of Emden, makes stamps of glue. On the set-up type a few sheets of tinfoil are laid, and with the aid of a felt a single deep impression is made by means of a press. The tinfoil matrix is then taken from the mold and lightly oiled. About the matrix oiled lead sills are arranged, and joiners’ glue, to which a little printers’ roller mass has been added, is then poured in. After cooling, this can readily be detached. For the first few days after casting the stamp remains somewhat soft, but subsequently hardens, without losing the elasticity re- quired for a stamp. The stamps made by this quick and cheap process must, of course, be mounted on wooden handles, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “in Vil Large maples from our nursery the second year after planting Are YouGoing to Plant Saplings and Wait Years —or Hicks Big Trees and Get Results at Once JN ten or fifteen years the saplings in front of the house below will possibly be as big as those in the illustration above. Perhaps they will be shapely, sturdy specimens — perhaps not. It’s rather of a chance. How much more sensi- ble, more economical, it is to simply come to Hicks’ nursery and pick outgrown trees that are sturdy, well developed, beautiful speci- mens and get immediate results and get just the results you want with the long wait left out. One fine linden or pin oak with an 8-inch trunk and 20 feet spread of branches would cost more than out your trees. those pathetic little saplings, but it would at once add at least $200 to the prop- erty’s value, to say naught of the welcome protection it would afford. You actually take less risk in buying Hicks big trees than the usual small ones — in fact, there is practically no risk — for Hicks trees thrive. Now is the time to move ever- greens; and from next month on, Maples, Lindens, Catalpa and Pin Oaks. Come to our nursery and pick If you can’t, then send for our catalog; it’s an easy matter to order from it. ISAAC HICKS & SON, Westbury, L.I. RRO NE 910 Fee coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. Cost $2,500 a A Choice Collection of 40 houses, bungalows and cottages costing from $1,000 to $10,000 are illustrated and described in “HOMES OF CHARACTER” a book of practical house designs, working drawings and specifications, which are for sale at moderate prices. Sent postpaid for $1.00. Des. Cir. 2c. JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect 1245 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, 0. «“FIBREX” PANEL ‘BOARD No laths and plaster The interior finish best adapted for Bungalows. necessary. [Easily and quickly put up. Lends itself to all kinds of decora- tion. Write for information and estimates. Charles D. Brown & Co., Inc. 49 FEDERAL STREET BOSTON, MASS. a es ian viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 _ Lamps That Beautify Your Home Any room in your house will be enriched in charm and beauty when lighted with a Handel Lamp. The soft, mellow light shows every detail of the furnishings to the best possible advantage. Handel Lamps and Fixtures are expressions of the highest artistic skill and originality. They produce, with gas, electricity or oil, attractive rays which do not tire the eyes. The form and proportion are faultless and the color harmony is perfect. The construction is as thorough as the designing is artistic. ; ! The reading lamp here illustrated is Style No. 5357; it is made for electricity, gas or oil. Base is hand-wrought cast metal, handsomely Do Not Go Through Another Summer | finished. The shade is a beautiful design in blown glass Teroma, made by e our cameo etching process, which gives.an exquisite blending of colors and Without Trees and Shrubs roduces a soft, rich radiance. P i Suffering from the heat because of a lack of pleasant shade and comforting shrubbery isn't H d ] I necessary. ‘The trees and shrubs are asl for you—after years of patient growing. It is your an e amps fault if they are not about your home, f or you could have them placed there. Life is too short for one to set out a twig, after his home is built, and wait for it to become a tree—Nature works and Fixtures are sold by lead- too slowly for that. But you can secure trees and shrubs that are large enough to give you a landscape without waiting. ing jewelers and lighting fix- tures dealers’. 4 We will! gladly The Growing Of Trees Is An ART tell you the name of the nearest Transplanting Them Is A SCIENCE Handel dealer and we will _ Swain Nelson & Sons Co., engaged in raising and transplanting trees and shrubs, have been mesict you to eclectina lamp in business for along time. They understand the art of growing things, and they transplant iall ed scientifically. A\ll of their stock is carefully grown. Attention is paid to root development, to especially suited to your re- shape and to vigor. The soil in which the plants are started is important. The protection and quirements. cultivation the young plants, receive is material. “The manner in which they are taken up and Our booklet “Suggestions transplanted from time to time, so they will adapt themselves to changed conditions, is vital. All Berea Lighting Ci a of these things have been properly looked after in Nelson’s Glenview Nurseries, many interesting possibilities in | Landscapes Without Waiting Require artistic lighting effects. It also Special Facilities And Special Knowledge illustrates the leading styles of Something more is involved than digging a hole and setting a plant. Swain Nelson & Sons ; Co.'s experts visit your premises if desired, determine the size and character of trees and shrubs best Handel Lamps and Fixtures. Gry ‘ adapted to the place, select the proper location for them, remove them from where they are now en upon request to any- growing in their great nurseries and place them where they will shelter you and add beauty and one interested. value t> the home. Fine, large specimens are always chosen. A business reputation stands ee prev Barats pad ie company, pene afford to make esate Nothing is ade taken that cannot e successfully carried out, and no contract is too jarge Tor execution. and- The Handel Co. ome Book, * in peaneeabe iithot Waiting,” Sxelsining many, panne eng ane and ie Q planting, will be sent free on application to any home-owner within miles o} cago. ° eo Main aye others, fifty cents, which will be rebated on first order. Write today for the book. ; . Nowvnlishomnons Swain Nelson & Sons Co. 64 Murray Street. 902 Marquette Building Chicago, IIl. Own an Aeroplane and Tour in Comfort! As Essential To Your Farm No Dust! No Jolts!! No Danger!!! As The Telephone To Your House The sum total this Novo engine will save you for pumping and refrigerating alone will pay back its cost withia the first year. The economy of the Novo in operat- ing pumps of all kinds, feed-grinders, vacuum cleaners, saws, ensilage, cutters, bean-hullers, well-drilling outfits, hoists, threshers, etc., demonstrates to the most exacting the fact that a Novo power plant is as necessary to your farm or country estate as the telephone is to your house. This Engine Absolutely Self-Contained NO ANK It’s just as you see it in the picture NO FAN —the most compact unit for real farm power ever placed on the NO FREEZI NG Sees to iat — easy to operate —easy to understand. Possesses all the advantages of an air or water cooled engine—with the disadvantages of neither. Ask Your Dealer for THE FREE ENGINE BOOK Our new engine book, just fresh from the press, is being aol to thou- sands of people all over the country, including engineers, mechanics and teachers in technical schools, because these authorities know our reputation for building the one engine conceded by experts to be standard. This free book is non- technical and makes good Reagine 158 ho NOVO You can enjoy the pure air of the country far better and get a greater benefit from dealer in your city for this it by traveling in one of our Perfected Monoplanes fitted with our Gyroscope book, or write us direct—it Attachment. This device keeps the machine from tipping and makes it as safe fully describes the ne re and easy to drive as an automobile or a motor-boat. It is also much easier to learn State of the Union. to fly with our monoplane, on account of the steadying effect of the gyroscope. Hildreth The monoplane type of aeroplane is the fastest and safest of all. It holds all uldret the records for speed, distance and altitude. The addition of a powerful gyroscope Mfg. Company which we have made renders it much more secure than ever before and gives it C. E. BEMENT Automatic Stability—a feature possessed by no other machine. Weill be glad Secretary and Gen. Mer. to furnish booklet giving description and prices of our machines upon application. 12 Willow Sites SCIENTIFIC AEROPLANE CO. Mich. Lansing, Mic 125 East 23rd Street New York City NOTE THE NOVO CUT GEARS THEY MAKE THE ENGINE SILENT Bleriot in His Monoplane Flying the English Channel. Sm AMERICAN sap . HOMES AND GARDENS | Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year WOmeee Nis FOR SEPTEMBER, 1911 Tue City or Leresic as Ir APPEARS TO THE AIRMAN Frontispiece Tue FLyiInc MACHINE AND THE ROOF By Waldeman Kaempffert 315 By Kate Greenleaf Locke 318 THE ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND BUNGALOW oF Mr. CHARLES A. ARCHER, AT DANVERS, Mass. By Mary H. Northend FLYING As A Sport FoR WoMEN By Stanley Yale Beach INDIAN DEsIGNs AND STENCIL WorK IN BUNGALOW DECORATION By Edward Fesser 326 Cotor Tones Tuat Fir THE BUNGALOW By Katharine St. Clair 330 By Catherine A. Jensen 333 By S. Leonard Bastin 335 By W. H. P. Clark 338 340 By Charles Alma Byers 341 By Robert Searn 344 AN EXPERIMENT STATION FOR BIRD CULTURE By Omar H. Sample 345 THE WONDERFUL MECHANISM OF THE WATCH 347 fue VALUE OF HEDGES TO THE HOME GROUNDS By Ida D. Bennett 348 GARDEN NOTES CORRESPONDENCE New Books Tue Epriror’s NOTEBOOK HELPs To THE HOUSEWIFE Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Cffice at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 35 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The city of Leipsic as it appears to the airman AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Parag FA <, fx 5 SY Ops? voun es 4 IA; Se IA me (7 SRY ES Co LIT QZ ARTe) 3 Ay. SCV y Pad A The Flying Machine and the Roof By Waldemar Kaempffert F the aeroplane is ever to play as important a part in our daily lives as the automobile or the horse, if every suburbanite, ten years, and possibly five years hence, is to fly his own biplane or monoplane, if flying is indeed to become the sport which pres- ent-day prophets assert, it is possible that country and certainly city architecture will be modified in style. This modification will occur not because an aero- plane is bigger than an automobile, measuring, as it does, from thirty to forty feet in span, but, curiously enough, because of the manner in which it must start and alight. Like every soaring bird, an aeroplane must be in motion before it can fly. It cannot start straight up from the ground. There must be a preliminary run that may vary in length from a hundred feet to a hundred yards, depend- ing upon the speed of the machine and the skill of the aviator. How necessary is this initial run, even in the case of a_ soaring bird, is set forth in the following graphic description of the commencement of an eagle’s flight (the writer was in Egypt, and the “‘sandy soil” was that of the banks of the Nile) : “An approach to within 80 yards aroused the king of birds from his apa- thy, Ele partly opens his enormous wings, but stirs not yet from his station. Parseval airship casting its shadow on Chemnitz, Germany On gaining a few feet more he begins to walk away with half-expanded, but motionless, wings. Now for the chance. Fire! A charge of No. 3 from eleven bore rattles audibly but ineffectively upon his densely feathered body; his walk increases to a run, he gathers speed with his slowly waving wings, and eventually leaves the ground. Rising at a gradual inclination, he mounts aloft and sails majestically away to his place of refuge in the Libyan range, distant at least five miles from where he rose. Some fragments of feathers denoted the spot where the shot had struck him. The marks of his claws were traceable in the sandy soil, as, at first with firm and decided digs, he forced his way; but as he lightened his body and increased his speed with the aid of his wings, the imprints of his talons gradually merged into long scratches. The measured distance from the point where these vanished to the place where he had stood proved that with all the stimulus that the shot must have given to his exertions he had been compelled to run full 20 yards before he could raise himself from the earth.” In some respects, the problem of alight- ing is more difficult than that of starting, because the machine must approach the ground at high speed in order to ride safely over the ground ed- dies, the swirls and waves that circulate near the ground. The aeroplane is accord- ingly mounted either AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Knaterwitz, near Domreichenbach, as it appears from a height of several hundred feet upon wheels or skids or both. In such machines as the Farman and Wright biplanes, the wheels are elastically mounted so that they may yield and permit the skids to perform their function. A Wright or a Farman biplane lands on its skids and stops within a few feet. On the other hand, a Curtiss biplane, which has no skids and which lands upon the same wheels used in starting, often runs for a con- siderable distance before it expends its momentum. It is customary to use brakes on such a machine in order to arrest its motion. This problem of alighting and starting has always per- plexed the inventor of flying machines. The late Professor S. P. Langley adopted the plan of launching his successful models from the top of a houseboat, which could be turned in any direction so as to face the wind. The model was placed upon a car which fell down at the end of its travel, and thus released the machine for its free flight. The Wright brothers at first employed a similar device, con- sisting of a single starting rail, a car which carried the aero- plane and which ran upon the rail, and a system of ropes and falling weights to jerk the car suddenly forward. With that arrangement the Wright brothers were able to fly with a preliminary run of perhaps thirty or forty feet. Such special starting devices, however, are objectionable, because the machine must always return to them after it alights. For that reason, we find that all the aeroplanes of today, even the Wright biplanes, make their initial run on small wheels, fitted with pneumatic tires. From this brief exposition of the necessity of making an initial run before leaping into the air, and of coming down at rather high speed, it follows that if flying is to become as popular as automobiling, every suburbanite and every city dweller who owns a machine must have sufficient starting and alighting area at his disposal. Ground in the vicinity of our large cities is not cheap. Most suburbanites must content themselves with a quarter of an acre and less, about enough for a house of moderate size and a small lawn. It is obvious, therefore, that flying-machine clubs must be or- ganized, with grounds sufficiently spacious to permit the starting and alighting of machines. Perhaps in a few years we may find existing country clubs building hangars for flying machines to accommodate their members. ‘The well- kept, level swards of these clubs would certainly serve ad- mirably the aviator’s purposes. The flying machine problem is more difficult of solution when we consider the limitations of the city. With the exception of the public parks, which can hardly be used for any other purpose than that for which they were originally intended, there are no large areas which would serve the airman’s needs. Even if the streets and avenues were not already crowded with trafic, they would be found much too narrow for the use of an aeroplane about to take wing. Obviously, the aviator is limited to the house-tops—but not to house-tops with the round towers and gable roofs which at present lend variety to a city’s architecture which is suff- ciently monotonous as it is. The roof must be flat, and it must be large enough to permit the aviator to take his run. The ordinary house-top is manifestly inadequate. Probably the roofs of existing hotels and office buildings, and the roofs of special aeroplane hangars which will even- tually be constructed, will satisfy the needs of the airman. From an ordinary office building twenty stories in height, a machine could be launched with comparative ease, even though the roof might not be large. The machine could almost drop off like a bird, and with the air pressure created September, I911 by its rapid fall, could easily take wing. The length of drop would depend upon the design of the machine. A fall equivalent to five stories would probably be all that would be required. The feat of alighting upon a roof would not be inordi- nately difficult. If aviators can land upon platforms built over the forward decks of warships, it is assuredly not asking too much of them to land upon the roof of a building of equal area. If hotels are to have their aerial taxicabs, if bankers and brokers are to fly from their country residences to their offices, surely some different type of house-top must be de- signed for many structures whose roofs must serve as start- ing and alighting areas. The cornice, the parapet, the deli- cate spire, must give way to a roof as flat as that of an Egyptian temple. Here there is not much chance for the exercise of architectural imagination. A flat roof is a flat roof, and very little can be done to relieve its flatness. Whatever charm the tall buildings in New York may have as they are viewed from the decks of a steamship in the harbor of New York is due in large part to the piling of tower on tower, to the imaginative use of turrets and spires, to imitations on a gigantic scale of Italian Cam- paniles. Is all this to disappear? Will the architect be compelled to curb his fancy and to provide a succession of huge cubes, as flat upon their tops as they are upon their sides, in order that the man of the air may have a place from which to start and a place on which to alight? Unless methods of launching and alighting are adopted radically different from those of the present day, it seems as if architects would be compelled to modify their present roof designs. Levavasseur, the builder of the Antoinette monoplane, is said to be experimenting with apparatus which will overcome some of the inconveniences mentioned. He is said to have experimented with forms of catapults which literally shoot a flying machine directly from the ground into the air. Any one who has read Langley’s account of his tedious experiments in launching flying ma- chines, experiments which included just such schemes, must realize how hopeless is the task of this projecting into the air a fabric so delicate as a flying machine. Remote as the possibility is, it is more likely that the helicopter principle may be combined with the aeroplane principle; in other words, some form of lifting screw em- ployed to push the aeroplane straight up from the ground. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 317 Levavasseur is also said to be experimenting with a form of alighting device which consists of a wire on which a carrier travels. The aeroplane is supposed to fly up to the carrier, to catch it, and to slide down the wire to its hangar, very much like the cash carriers of department stores. Here again there would be considerable difficulty in seizing the carrier, particularly in a high wind. We can imagine a ma- chine flying backwards and forwards in the desperate effort to seize the carrier. Let us assume that the machine of the future, in which the gilded youth of the future will buzz over our heads, will of necessity land upon a flat roof in the city. If the number of flat roofs is large, how will the airman identify his own landing place? From a height of one thousand feet a town presents the aspect of a huge checker-board. How can the airman pick out the particular square which belongs to him? The most obvious method of identification is that of numbering the roofs, a method which is in vogue to a certain extent in France and Germany, in order to direct cross- country aviators on their way. At nighttime distinguish- ing lights of some kind would be required, with the result that an air-port of the future may have roofs as brilliantly illuminated as its avenues. Even now we hear in Germany plans for erecting beacon lights to guide the airman on his journey, searchlights which will project a beam upwards into the gloom. In one of his most imaginative stories, “The Night Mail,” a story in which he has given us a vivid account of some future aerial leviathans journeying through the atmosphere, Kipling speaks of this possibility, and also points out the dangers to the flying-man of a planet that is overlighted. Who knows but laws may be passed which will forbid a man from placing an advertising electric sign on his roof, lest he lead some airman astray? Who knows but the lighthouse board at Washington may have to establish a special branch for the erection and inspection of aerial lighthouses? Who knows but the architect of the future may be obliged to lavish the same care upon the roof that he now bestows upon the facade of a public building, in order that the eye of the more esthetic aviator may not be offended by chim- ney pots and tin cornices that are now invisible from the street, but painfully apparent from above? Who knows but hotels may some day be constructed which will have en- trances on their roofs for the benefit of the tourist aviator. A voyage over the Alps through the air. View in the neighborhood of Innsbruck 318 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Cobblestones and Concrete in Bungalow Building By Kate Greenleaf Locke T often happens that the finish of a modern bungalow must be either cobblestones or concrete. Such really good effects may be produced with either that one may well hesitate between them. In the eccentrici- ties of the bungalow, in its freedom from conventions, in its yet unexploited possi- bilities, lie danger as well as fascina- ting possibilities. Judiciously treated, results that are novel and beautiful may be obtained, and ornamentation that might other- wise be deemed ec- centric becomes log- ical and sane. I have noted that the architect who scouts the idea of 7 ee ' building bungalows Ne eR ame for his clients often immensely enjoys working out a com- plete (rustic) con- from the would-be-impressive architecture of which we have had so much in our cities and villages. When the little volume of ‘“The Simple Life” came as a surprise to the world it was accepted with acclamation; it was ushered into existence just at the time of the establish- ment of the modern American bungalow. The book and the times, strangely enough, combined to suggest the same thought: to neglect the spuri- ous and non-essen- tial, and to urge the true and essential only. Therefore, if the main idea of the bungalow is simplic- ity, it is a sad mis- take to load it with fantastic ornament of any kind. The solid worth and rustic beauty of i s = cobblestones as _pil- ee ot wee §=6 lars, chimneys and sit —_ o foundations wit h- out,and as chimney- breasts and hearth- stones within, have fection for himself. The bungalow of Charles Parsons, at Pasadena, Cal., designed by Arthur S. Heineman, become recognized It does not pay him to potter over one for a wealthy client, but it pays infinitely to plan one for his own living, a con- venient and com- fortable domicile, (ees which holds all the modern —improve- men tse im steam, electricity, gas and pneumatic cleaning apparatus, and yet suggests the en- chanting primitive- ness of the Garden of Eden, and costs comparatively little. A bungalow, to be a bungalow at all, must be inexpensive, at least apparently. If it has cost much money, the cost In which runs around the building just above the windows, and which accentuates the low, smile, and be a vil- long bungalow lines lain; that is, it may look the picture of simplicity, and yet stand for a large sum, if the owner so chooses. It is a protest against that ostenta- tious display which is the sin of the hour; it is the reaction architect ; Mr. Parsons’ bungalow, cobblestones, brick and plaster are employed, with the walls must be hidden. It above shingled. Each second course of shingles is exposed, with a one-half inch strip soleums. It would may sm les aad beneath to produce a more rustic effect. Note the heavy timber of the head casing, be well to study its by all who have made a study of bungalows, and one rarely sees an abuse of them. The new craze for concrete “ has in many in- se ie stances carried us far afield from its best possibilities, so that a matenial which affords so much pleasure when it is properly and artistically used, grates horridly on the senses when it takes the shape of the small, compact, box - like structures that we sometimes see yclept “bunga- low” — structures that too often sug- gest unfinished mau- artistic uses, its ne- cessities and possi- bilities, before misusing this comparatively new material, because ere long our houses will be composed of it entirely. When a shingled house is built around a paved court, and September, 1911 many of the Cali- fornia bungalows are designed in this way, the concrete pillars, in their original soft gray, form a charming contrast to the terra- cotta flags of the court, and inthe hands of a good architect are a de- lightful accessory to the building. Wood with a rustic finish combines harmoni- ously with concrete in many ways. The old English style of beamed and _plas- tered houses has sug- gested some of our most beautiful bun- galows. The artistic sense is always pleased at the sight of beams and shin- gles stained a rich, soft brown and brought into direct contact witha slight- ly roughened pure- gray surface in con- crete. But however sim- ple the treatment may be when con- crete is used in small houses, there is bound to be a little more formality — a shade more of pre- tension—than in the cobblestone. The cobblestone is a child of the earth and seems to spring chiefly from the soil. When the stones are used as we see them in one of our illustrations, with an admirable realiza- tion of their full worth ornamentally, when the bungalow is built in the broad, low and generous lines of the one here pictured, there is such sincerity in its design and such com- The front walk, which enters: Mr. Parsons’ bungalow at the side. well as the steps leading to the porch walk, steps and tiled floor dependence. The front porch of Mr. Parsons’ bungalow, showing the front door and French sash side-light, with cobblestones, brick and timber details AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The walk is of brick, as The porch of Mr. Parsons’ bungalow, showing the front walk coming in at the side, brick Detail of a mantel in the residence of H. B. Ainsworth, at Azusa, designed by L. B. Pemberton, architect 319 plete simplicity that we may almost pro- claim it the ideal bungalow. The skilful archi- tect who wishes to obtain the deep shadows of a wide, low porch will so design his building that there are sunny windows, opening perhaps on an un- covered terrace. On the other side of the room into which this shadow falls he will assist the effect of his great cobble- stone pillars by low- beamed ceilings and wide eaves, but he will take care that the sun is not shut out from a building crouching close to the ground, and that its bulk and solidity will not de- generate into heavi- ness. som earraysipmthe bungalow idea, one mut have a keen sense of the atmos- phere which a building radiates. “The spirit of the place’ could not be more strongly em- phasized than in de- fining the difference between a_ bunga- low and a cottage, and until this dif- fegence 1S Tecoo= nized and defined it is impossible to build a_ successful bungalow. Briefly, I would say that while the cottage is snug and conserva- tively correct, the bungalow should radiate a certain in- It is characterized by freedom from conven- tion, and it should always confront one as a_ surprise Gal= 320 that anything so beautiful and original could be built on such simple lines. Whenever it is possible so to construct it, the bungalow should seem to spring from its environment; in a word, as if it were the natural out- come of its surroundings. In the Far West I have seen a house built of discarded rail- road ties that was full of charm and was a model for comfort and _ convenience. Under its rare cluster of cottonwood trees, its one link with civilization stretch- ing away in glistening lines of steel to east and west, the little bungalow fitted as per- fectly into its surroundings and was as much a part of them as this little cobble- stone house on the edge of an arroya. Under the shade of New England elms, smooth con- crete with beams or the broken stone and rubble in which the country abounds would seem to be the mate- rial from which to build a bungalow. A breath of old Mexico comes from the concrete house shown in another il- lustration. Its low roof of pink tiles, its jalouse, its lat- tice-work and iron grilling, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A California bungalow of adobe and plaster. September, 1911 all lend it the charm which pertains to the houses of tropical countries. Its floors are flagstones or red terra- cotta. In winter these are overlaid with rich rugs. Its windows are casements, and many of them are leaded. It is built around a court in which are planted all of the tropical growths that attain perfection in Southern Cali- fornia. The red roofs of Spain, the green shutters and case- ment windows of Italy and Germany, the iron balconies and grills of all continental Europe, are necessary to turn the concrete house into a de- lightful home. Stone-flagged courts, per- golas, well-heads and foun- tains, and concrete garden- walls hung with vines, all lend themselves to the scheme which fits the bunga- low. This unmistakable out- come of our modern Ameri- can architecture may suggest the Spanish adobe of Mex- ico, the stucco farmhouse of Italy, the quaint thatched cottage of Tyrol, the Swiss chalet, or it may look as if it belonged beneath the cherry trees of Japan, and yet remain distinctly and definitely a bungalow. The roof is built of red tiles September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS Front view of the Archer bungalow The All-the-Year-Round Bungalow of Mr. Charles A. Archer A F all types of the small house, the bungalow gS a is perhaps the most popular. scope of possibilities and the convenience arrangement which are characteristic of this type of dwelling render it deserv- edly worthy of consideration, and with an increasing appreciation of these facts, its of charm has grown apace. No other type of house permits of a broader development in the way of artistic devices, and no other shows an Pecamsement of all the rooms on one floor. The latter item is one that has done much to bring the bungalow into prominence, for the saving of steps in the course of a day’s work that such a plan makes possible means much to the busy housewife. Then, too, the long, low lines of the bunga- low are pleasing deviations from the high, irregular contours of other types, and the informal environment of the whole fosters a spirit of hominess—the true test of the successful dwelling. One charming bungalow home is that shown here- at Danvers, Mass. By Mary H. Northend with. The wide Servant’s Room Chamber *1 15'x 12/ Platform Kitchen 38'x 12/ Range Pantry Living Room 17/X 22! Dining Room 15/x 12! , | Covered Piazza 48 “NY Floor plan of the Archer bungalow It is typical of the highest development of this form of dwelling, its broad, sweeping outlines suggesting roomy interiors, and its width and depth pleasantly relieved by attractive devices, cunningly contrived. ‘There is no hint of cramped ungainliness in the construction of this house; straight lines are intercepted where they might become monotonous, and the finely proportioned whole bespeaks careful planning. ‘The rear is as attractive as the front. Two wing-like projections at either end of the main part afford the contour of three sides of a hollow square, making the space between the wings a terrace flanked at the outer edge by ever- greens arranged in square tubs. The location, too, has been carefully chosen, and the result is that the bunga- low seems an intimate part Olitsesitess) lt graces the heart of a woodland clear- ing, with tall birches on all sides, openings here and there allowing glimpses of distant meadowlands. The dwelling is the prop- erty of Mr: “Charles A. Archer, and is located in the town of Danvers, in Massa- chusetts. It was designed September, Ig11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LOD room A glimpse in the living- -year bungalow The dining-room of the all-the September, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Side view of the Archer bungalow, showing casement windows by the-owner, the construction being executed under the direction of Mr. Guy Lowell, architect, of Boston. It was built primarily for comfort, simple, sensible devices being depended upon for its chief ornamentation. The soft, dull tones of its shingle finish harmonize charmingly with the pure white of the trim, and the quaintly grouped windows, many of them of the casement type, add to the general meg ac Liv ene s S:. The broad veranda across the front, with a pergola top suggesting a continuation of the interior beams, affords a pleasant outdoor liv- ing-room, its entrance dignified by a slight widening, for a space of a few feet, on either side of the steps. From here the en- trance-door, of Dutch design, opens without preliminary of hall or vestibule into the living- room, a large, pleasant apartment, character- ized by several interest- ing features. The walls of plaster, tinted ivory white, are battened in deep brown, and above are great rafters, the whole being open to the roof. Broad win- dows admit plenty of light and air, and be- neath two of the groups extend cozy built-in seats. The handsome fireplace at one end, built of field- stone picked up on the estate, is the apartment’s predominant feature, its ample dimensions, exerting an influence of cheery hospitality as the four-foot logs sputter and burn, throwing out a glow- ing radiance. Beside the fireplace is a large bookcase, finished to match the battens, and close at hand is a deep, bow recess, its small-paned casement windows, with seat A cozy corner in the Archer bungalow The veranda of the Archer bungalow beneath, affording a charming glimpse of the rear terrace. Over the surface of the hard pine floor, rugs of warm rich tints are scattered, affording the needed touch of contrast- ing coloring. Beyond the living-room is the dining-room, finished in plaster, tinted rose-pink, battened in dark brown. Groups of windows on two sides admit plenty of sunshine and air, and the room complete is) Chea cmiuln gam) its simple finish and ap- propriate equipment. From here leads the service department, provided with all the devices of modern housekeeping, and at the end of the wing is a servant’s chamber. In the opposite wing are located two large chambers and the bath- room, the former fin- ished in plaster with broad windows and ex- cellent closet space, and the latter equipped ac- cording to the most up-to-date ideas. Complete, the house is a charming, livable abode. Its every room shows careful planning and due regard of de- tails. Harmonious out- lines characterize it, and the regrettable in- congruity that mars so many really good de- signs is here conspicu- ous through its absence. Notwithstanding the perfection accorded to this home, the grounds may be successfully compared with it. The front expanse of these does not unduly dominate the site, for the pleasing features of surface treatment, the trees that have been left standing and the bushes, whether single or in clusters, are visible all around from the glorious pergola-topped veranda and the attractive rear. 324 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Flying as a Sport for Women By Stanley Yale Beach {"W x \! Sx find some new way in which she can vie we with mere man. Athletics, golf, swim- ming and tennis, and the running of auto- mobiles, have all been tried with success, and there is every indication that the new sport of flying will find favor with Amer- ican women even more rapidly than it has done with their sisters abroad. In fact, America’s first aviatress was flying at Mineola, L. I., a few months only after the first French women aviators had learned, or more than a year ago, to be exact. This lady, Mrs. Bessica Raiche, made flights in a Curtiss-type biplane of her own and her husband's manu- facture last summer at the Aeronautical Society’s aero- drome, and won the applause of all the aviation enthusiasts, who commemorated her flights with a gold medal set with jewels. She has helped construct several machines of dif- ferent types since then, and probably there is no other woman in the United States today who has so complete knowledge not only of flying, but of the con- struction of machines as well. Any one who has en- joyed a fast automobile nde on a peritie ctly smooth and dustless road, or a trip in a motor boat at twenty-five to thirty miles an hour in smooth water, can ap- preciate the exhilaration of piloting an aeroplane. The rush of air past one’s face, and the smooth, fast, even mo- tion — as steady as the movement of an electric launch on a mill-pond— make aeroplaning the most fascinating and ex- hilarating sport that has ever been devised. It is a sport that, even more than automobiling, — re- quires quick thinking and rapid action, for upon the decision what to do and the instant doing of it depends, in an emergency, the life of the aviator and the passengers. Fast driving of an automobile serves as excellent training preliminary to learn- ing to fly, and if possible this should be followed by several balloon trips, in order to get accustomed to floating high above the earth. While one seldom goes as high in an aeroplane as one customarily ascends in a balloon, the train- ing obtained and the knowledge of the appearance of the earth from above is invaluable. Had Ladis Lekewitch, the Russian aviator who recently flew across New York, had this knowledge he would not have mistaken the Jersey meadows for a pasture lot and landed in them when his motor stopped while he was 8,000 feet above Riverside Drive. High flying is a necessity when passing over dan- Photo by E, Levick Miss Quimby flying for her pilot’s license in a Bleriot-type monoplane gerous places, and ballooning is the safest and easiest way to practice for altitude work in an aeroplane. When a woman has once mastered an aeroplane, she will fly as fast or as high as any man. A woman enjoys the ex- hilaration of flight even more than does a man. Throwing caution to the winds, she will soar to great heights without thinking of the risks she takes. ‘Therefore, an aviatress should have a thorough training before she is allowed to fly where she listeth, like unto the winds themselves. This brings us to a consideration of the modern aeroplane and its ability to combat the wind. ‘There are two kinds of machines in use today—monoplanes and biplanes. The former is the type developed and in vogue in Europe, while the latter, made famous by the invention of the Wright brothers, is the one chiefly used in America. Glenn H. Curtiss has developed a biplane somewhat smaller and less cumbersome than the Wright, and has succeeded in equip- ping it with a single pontoon, as well as with wheels, so that one can start from or alight upon water as well as land, at will. He has christened the machine a “triad,” since it is good for trans- portation on ground, over water, or in air. In this machine, as in prac- tically all biplanes, the aviatress sits at the front of the lower plane, with the control wheel in her hand and with a V- shaped frame about her shoulders. If the ma- chine tips to one side or the other, all she has to do is to lean to the high side (which she does naturally). In so doing, she carries the frame with her, and this sets the ailerons, or hinged flaps, at the ends of the wings in the proper man- ner and rights the ma- chine. The Wright method is to warp the rear edges of the wings, which is accomplished by a lever. At the low side of the machine the rear edges of the wings, or planes, are bent downward, while at the high side they are flattened out. To steer to right or left the aviatress has only to turn the control wheel the same as in driving an automobile, while to rise she pulls it towards her, and to descend pushes it away. The control of a Blériot monoplane is slightly different. In this type of machine the motor and propeller are in front of the aviatress, who sits in the long body in line with the rear edge of the wings. Immediately in front of her stands a short post, with a tiny immovable wheel on top and a bell-shaped arrangement at the bottom. The post is mounted upon a universal joint within the bell, and the con- trol wires are attached to the latter. Side-tipping is cor- September, 1911 rected by moving the post to the high side, as before, and up-and-down steering by pulling or pushing it slightly. The machine is steered to right or left by the feet, which rest upon a tiller, such as is used on a bob-sled. Besides being a faster machine, and one that is safer in case of a fall or head-on collision, a monoplane gives the psychological advantage of feeling that you are in some- thing, and not perched on a seat suspended in space merely. One of the greatest improvements made in the monoplane of late is the use of a gyroscope to steady these machines. The gyroscope consists of a small wheel, about a foot in diameter, that revolves in a vacuum in an aluminum case at the rate of 10,000 revo- lutions a minute. This wheel produces a constant resisting force of twice the weight of the machine itself, to keep the latter from upsetting. As a result, the aviatress does not have to concern herself with correcting side-tipping, the most bothersome and tiresome part of driving any aeroplane,especiallyin windy weather, but she can give her undivided attention to steering. As there is only the steer- ing in a vertical plane to look after, in addition to the turning to right or left, the flying of one of these ma- chines is practically no more dificult than the running of an automobile. Even without the improve- ment just mentioned, no ath- letic young woman who makes up her mind to fly will find much difficulty in learning. Miss Harriet Quimby, the dramatic editor of Leslie’s Weekly, learned in thirty-two brief lessons at Mineola recently, and on August 1st she obtained her pilot’s license without dif- ficulty, while Miss Blanche Scott flies a Baldwin biplane with equal facility, and fre- ee iii ' i j Sf Z i Photo by E. Levick Miss Harriet Quimby, the first licensed “‘pilotess’’ in America AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Mrs. Bessica Raiche, America’s first aviatress, at the wheel of her Curtiss-type biplane 325 quently goes on a cross-country jaunt. These two young ladies are of quite different types, as can be seen from their photographs. ‘The former never drove an automobile or engaged much in outdoor sports, yet she learned to fly in less time than it takes most men pupils, whereas Miss Scott was the first woman to drive an automobile from the At- lantic to the Pacific accompanied by a woman companion, and she practically lives in the open. When American women awake to the fact that it is pos- sible to procure machines capable of carrying four or five people in nicely upholstered closed bodies, like those of automobiles, it will not be long before the wealthy ones will have their touring aero- planes, with licensed pilots to drive them, while their less well-to-do sisters will still continue to fly by them- selves, or at times with one or two companions. They will find it possible to make an extended cross-country pleasure trip of an afternoon without the dust, noise and jolting experienced in an automobile, and_ especially without those multifarious dangers of the road, such as grade crossings, sharp turns in wooded country, et cetera, with which almost every automobilist has to con- tend. The tonic effect of the pure air at heights of 1,000 or 2,000 feet can now be en- joyed in a very few minutes without a tedious journey by rail to the mountains. To learn how it feels to fly, one has only to go to Mineola or Nassau Boule- vard and make a flight as a passenger in a _ Blériot monoplane, or a Wright or Curtiss biplane. Fifty dollars cannot be better in- vested by any woman who contemplates becoming an aviatress or purchasing an aeroplane. Miss Blanche Scott at the wheel of Capt. Baldwin’s racing biplane 326 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Indian Designs and Stencil Work in Bungalow Decoration By Edward Fesser country is becoming more apparent every year, and whether he erects a bungalow or a rustic cottage upon his property, he instinctively desires a certain individuality to characterize his home. The bungalow can be built in a hundred different ways, costing anywhere from five hundred to five or ten thousand dollars, but in each instance the interior decorations should bear some re- lationship to the architecture of the exterior. For the rustic bungalow, many appropriate and beautiful designs can be borrowed from the North American Indian, whose handicraft may be seen in any museum of natural history. The most enduring and satisfying effect for the living-room is strict simplicity, combined with certain harmo- nious. blendings of color to add cheer- fulness to the sur- roundings. The flooring should be laid with narrow, matched boards (hardwood, of preferred), and stained either a dark green or a rich shade of brown, so that the grain of the wood will show through the stain. A grass rug can be bought for very little course, money, and this should be large enough to cover the floor within two or three weet. sof the walls. The rug, when bought, should have no pattern or design Oni Ask te © you have studied out and decided upon the general color scheme for the room, your own ingenuity will devise an appropri- atew border for the grass rug, which you can stencil yourselt by following the few simple suggestions given below. A few bright Indian rugs or saddle-blankets thrown about the floor will give the touch of color necessary to brighten up the room. For the wainscoting, the most effective device is the use of slabs with the bark on, which can be procured in un- limited quantities from the nearest sawmill. A slab, in the vernacular of the sawmill, is one of the four slices of a tree Fig. 1—A rustic framework of birch, with design stenciled on Java coffee sacks or log with the bark on, leaving a rectangular timber for building purposes—and these slabs are sold for a song. Saw the slabs four feet in length, and nail them perpendic- ularly to the walls of the room, surmounting the whole with a shelf six inches wide, which can be stained a dark color. Irregular slabs showing large knots can be picked out to frame the doors and windows. If there be white birch in the vicinity, in any quantity, by all means use the slabs from this wood for the main living-room; but it will have to be sawed to order by the millman, as white birch is a soft wood and offers no inducements to the ordinary commercial lumberman. For the walls above the wainscoting, use some textile material that has a perfectly plain texture, without a pat- tern, in a subdued tone of green, gray, olive, or dark red, and surmount this wall-covering with a frieze sufficiently wide to be propor- tionately in keeping with the height of the room. The frieze may differ in tint and texture from the wall- covering, and can be stenciled with an Indian design con- forming with that chosen for the bor- der of your grass rug. By using slabs of different woods for the wainscoting of different rooms, a lit- tle contrast may be shown, and at the same time the same scheme can be main- tained throughout the house. Individu- ality can be empha- sized in the color of the textile wall-cover- ing, as well as origi- nality in the designs of the rug - borders and friezes. Cedars showing six inches at the butt end can be sawed in half, length- wise, and used for the den wainscoting, alternating the butts and tips, the agreeable odor of the cedar making the room the more attractive. The exterior coating, or bark, of the cedar, which is very thin and broken, should be entirely re- moved by means of a stiff wire brush. The art of stenciling is as old as the the hills, the oldest known craftsmen being the Japanese. There are many methods employed in both making and using stencils, the 3 Sen (hk September, 1911 most complicated and expensive being the use of zinc sheets, where the design is cut through by means of acids and the color impression of the design laid on the fabric with the delicate graduation of the air-brush. But the householder, looking for economy, need go to no such expense, when he can, by means of a few sheets of cardboard and a ten-cent blowpipe or an atomizer used for spraying charcoal drawings, accomplish the same practical result. The result, however, can only be arrived at through a certain amount of practice, or the design will appear spotty and irregular in depth of color. If the color be blown too freely through the atomizer, it is very apt to run down over the sten- cil and stain the material where it is not wanted. The first thing to do is to pick out some design from an Indian blanket or basket, mak- ing elaborations or elimina- tions, according to the purpose for which the design is meant, and apply the theme to what- ever use you wish to put it, be it frieze, mat-border, portieére, pillow-cover, or screen-cover- ing. Draw the design roughly upon your sketch block and color it, studying the effect in its relation to the general color scheme decided upon for the room, fixing definitely the proper proportions, as well as the relative values of the colors. After you are quite satisfied, procure some sheets of good, stiff cardboard, about the thickness of the ordinary mounting-board used by photog- raphers, and lay out your design with mathematical pre- cision to scale. Then take a sharp penknife and cut out the first color to be used, leaving a bridge or connecting strip here and there to keep the narrower portions in place. Separate stencils must be used for each color, and in order to have them register correctly an easy method is to draw two straight lines at right angles to each other from the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 2—Stencil work in its simplest form 327 exact center of each sheet, and extend the lines to the ex- treme outer edge; a small dot upon the fabric at the outer points of the intersecting lines on the first stencil will make the stencils following register correctly. After the stencils have all been cut out, cover both sides with a generous coat of white shellac; this will stiffen the board and prevent the edges and points from curling or warping after the spray is applied. Stencils so made will be found as serviceable for ordinary purposes as those cut out from sheet zinc. Another very good way to prepare a stencil- plate is to use cartridge paper saturated with boiled linseed oil; this should be allowed to dry thoroughly, when it will be found transparent enough to lay over and trace off the de- sign, no varnishing being needed. In certain complicated de- signs friskets must be used. Friskets are pieces of card- board cut in such a manner that when pinned to the fabric they will block out certain portions of the design that are already tinted, or such portions that are to be left flat—that is to say, the original tint of the fabric. Once the stencils are cut and ready for use, an in- finite number of varied color schemes may be used with the same stencils. Next, nail some matched boards together, forming a long rectangular drawing-board, and suspend it perpendicu- larly in such a manner that you can reach every portion of the design with the atomizer without stooping too much. The atomizer and wide-mouthed bottle containing the tint can only be operated from certain positions, which you will readily discover after a little experimenting. Pin your fabric in as even and straight a manner as possible, smooth- ing out all creases and wrinkles with the aid of small thumb- tacks; then pin your first stencil in place and apply the first Fig. 3—Made with the same stencil used for Fig. 2 Fig. 4—A design requiring only two stencils 328 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS tint. Where the design is continuous, as in the case of a frieze or portiére, see that the keys joining the design register exactly, and continue the stenciling with the first plate, and let the color dry thoroughly before applying the second. The choice of color mediums is very important, and it would be as well not to attempt the use of aniline dyes or coal-tar products, except in cases where the fabrics are not to be handled. Aniline dyes, in order to become fast colors, must be subjected to a high temperature or the fabrics boiled in their solutions. But when applied cold, some of the colors are apt to be treacherous and come off at the slightest touch. After much experimenting, I have found that ordinary house paint or tube colors in oils give the most satisfaction; but, in order to mix them thin enough to be used with the atomizer, they must be generously diluted with turpentine and gasoline, or benzine; the last, being very volatile, will soon evaporate, leaving the colors fast when dry. When the material to be stenciled has the consistency of canvas duck, matting, or grass goods, a regular stencil Fig. 5—An irregular design made partly with pieces of brown wrapping paper brush can be used with better effect, using a thicker color than that used through the blowpipe; but if the fabric has a nap or villous surface, the blowpipe, or atomizer, should be employed. The atomizer ejects the fluid in a more vaporous form and can be applied in varying proportions upon such villous materials as velvets, velours and satins. One of the cheapest, and at the same time one of the most satisfactory, materials to give artistic effects is the grass- woven Java mat. These mats can be procured from almost any of the large wholesale coffee-roasting houses for a nominal sum—about ten or fifteen cents apiece. They are the original mats, or sacks, woven by the natives of the island of Java and used for shipping the coffee beans to dif- ferent parts of the world. The sides of the bag are sewed together with rafha, and when these bindings have been cut it will be found that there is a strip of irregularly woven material about thirty inches wide by twelve feet long, the bags when made up being of double thickness, folded. The grasses in the weave are both rough and smooth, and when the lengths have been tacked to the walls and stained the irregularities become manifest, the rough fibers taking a Fig. 6—The body colors in this de- sign are blown on September, 1911 much deeper tone than the smooth, giving an unusually pleasing effect. I have used these mats very successfully for wall-coverings in rooms of minor importance, as well as for the panels of the screen illustrated in this article, also for knockabout pillow-covers used on the porch swinging divan, and for friezes, and I have found the material durable as well as oddly ornamental. For a more expensive pillow- cover or coverings for chair-cushions or window-seats use sheepskins. ‘These skins can be procured from large book- binderies for about thirty-five cents a skin. They are soft as chamois and take the tints well, and they are practically indestructible. In making pillow-covers like those illustrated herewith, take a whole sheepskin and mark out the square for the size required; then stencil thereon the design before cutting off the margins. After this is done, cover over the whole surface of the stenciled square with paper or card- board, and spray the margins on both sides of the skin with any color or colors that will form a suitable contrast to the general scheme of your design. After you have laced the front and back of your pillowcase together by means of an upholsterer’s bodkin and some tinted strips of sheepskin Fig. 7—The design represents the ceremonial dance of the Alaska Indians about a quarter of an inch wide, cut the irregular margins into very narrow strips with shears, and your pillow is done. The same scheme may be carried out for the cushioned backs and seats of easy-chairs, only here the long-fringed margins should be trimmed up closer to the lacing. For a central decoration the ‘‘Swastika,” or good luck cross of the Indians, is very decorative. For unknown cen- turies this symbol has been used as a charm of fortune. His- torically, it first appeared on Greek coins of the year 315 B.C., but it has been found among relics of races of a far more remote age. It is probably the oldest cross and the oldest emblem known. The shields of the ancient Britons in the British Museum bear this design. While each of the Indian designs here illustrated has been actually employed in stencil work, their adaptability as well as real interest should be apparent at a glance. They are offered more as types of what might be accomplished than as definite suggestions. They obviously point the way to much individual ingenuity. Fig. 1.—The framework of the screen is made of rustic white or silver birch with ball-bearing casters. The three September, 1911 frames are joined together with broad leather hinges. The designs are stenciled on grass-woven sacks or Java coffee mats. The edges are rolled up tightly and laced with rafha to small eyelets screwed to the inside frame. The backs of the panels are covered with dark-green denim. The upper left-hand panel is taken from a war shield and the design represents the Indians’ conception of sharks’ teeth, denoting ferocity in war. (Zuni Indians.) Color scheme—(1) Vandyke brown, (2) white, (3) straw color, (4) scarlet geranium (mix vermilion with crimson lake), (5) black. The upper center panel is taken from one of the solid wooden wheels of a hand-truck, used for transporting tepees and camp outfit, with a ceremonial cross denoting the four points of the compass. (Chimayo Indians. ) Color scheme—(1) olive brown (mix Vandyke brown with red and Prussian green), (2) white, (3) deep scarlet (mix crimson lake with vermilion and brown), (4) Prus- sian green, (5) black. Outline both inside and outside crosses with black. The upper right-hand panel shows the ‘“Swastika,”’ representing the “good spirit” of the Indians. Color scheme—(1) deep indigo, (2) straw color, (3) deep scarlet (mix crimson lake with vermilion and brown), (4) black, (5) white. The left-hand lower panel denotes arrows in flight against an imaginary enemy with the swift- ness of lightning, as typified by the symbols in the outer borders. (Thompson Indians.) Color scheme—(1) light olive, (2) black, (3) deep scar- let, (4) white. The lower center panel is adapted from an Indian-meal bowl of pottery, made by the Mexican Indians. Color scheme—(1) deep scarlet, (2) black, (3) indigo outlined with white, (4) cerulean blue, (5) white. The lower right-hand panel illustrates an Indian encampment, showing tepees snug and secure against bellicose forces, as represented by the lightning design. (Apache Indians.) Color scheme—(1) cerulean blue, (2) indigo, (3) white, (4) straw color, (5) Pompeian red (mix Indian red with white). The tepees are white on fields of alternating red and blue. Fig. 2.—Showing stencil work in its simplest form. The black arrows are cut out of the cardboard, and the same stencil shifted over and used for the red ones. Color scheme—(t1) black or dark gray, (2) deep scarlet, (3) left flat (the original tint of the skin), (4) red lacing. (5) fringe border, olive fading off to red on ends. Fig. 3—The same stencil may be used as shown in Fig. 2, friskets being used for half of the tinted portions at a time. These can be pasted lightly or pinned in place. If AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 329 the design has been laid out with mathematical exactitude, the stencil can then be reversed, and the alternating halves should register for the second tint. Color scheme—(1) deep red-brown, (2) French gray, (3) light Pompeian red, (4) cerulean blue. The two borders with short fringe, light olive fading off to red; the long borders, olive fading off to dark Prussian green and deep red. Fig. 4.—Only two stencils are required here, one for the dark blue and one for the red. The light-blue field is blown on first, using a frisket for the flat center. Color scheme—(1) pale-blue field, (2) Delft blue, (3) deep Pompeian red, (4) left flat (tint of original skin). The fringe, canary yellow fading off to Pompeian red. Fig. 5.—This irregular design is first laid out in pencil, and pieces of heavy brown wrapping paper cut as required for each color. The finer lines of both white and black are laid on afterward with a stiff brush. Color scheme—(1) black, (2) deep red-brown, (3) buff, (4) Nile green, (5) deep Nile green, (6) Pompeian red, (7) white, (8) light gray. Fringed border, dark green fading off to deep red. The colors are separated by ir- regular lines of either black or white, as illustrated. Lacing, deep red. Fig. 6.—The body colors are blown on, using friskets for the arrows, Swastikas and ceremonial cross. The parallel lines would best be done with a ruler and a stiff flat brush. Color scheme—(1) red parallel lines on plain field, (2) deep navy blue, (3) light-blue parallel lines on plain field, (4) Pompeian red, (5) white, (6) black. Fringed bor- der, deep tan fading to deep red. Lacing, black. Fig. 7.—The design represents the ceremonial dance of the Alaska Indians, as typified by the figures of men and squaws. ‘The outer and second margins are blown on flat, and only one stencil need be cut for each strip of figures and tomahawk-heads, blocking out such portions as are not in use. These designs are blown on top of the ground or body colors. The red tint should be of some opaque color, or the light blue will show through and form a purple that would constitute a blemish. Color scheme—Outside border, tomahawk design, deep red-brown on field of light terra cotta. Inside border, fig- ures, scarlet vermilion and Prussian blue alternating on field of cerulean blue. skin. olive green. red-brown. Central square left flat, the color of the Central design, scarlet vermilion. Corner design, Fringed border, olive green fading to deep Lacing, white; which improves the center tint. 330 September, Ig1I Fig. 1—Dining-room with tile and brick semi-inglenook fireplace. The head casing runs around the room, forming a frieze panel Fig. 2—Mahogany red and brown wood stain in a bungalow in which all the construction (roof, walls, etc.) is exposed Fig. 3—The front door and the living-room of the Charles Parsons bungalow at Pasadena AMERICAN HO Color Tones that By Ka GS HERE are certain archi- VEGANS tects, famous for their St WS bungalows, with whom it has become a fad to admit only the low tones of russet brown or bronze @reemmanm their buildings. Sometimes, as a concession. they permit these tones to run up the scale into a pale tobacco brown, but color—rich, strong, appealing color—is utterly ta- booed. Undoubtedly, this fad pointed in the beginning in the right direction. It was a protest against the use of pale colors in bungalows, where they are, in fact, utterly out of place. There is much that has to be taught in connection with the furnishing of this new and popular type of house, or there is much to learn by the longer and sadder route of experience. A few points that will appeal to the in- telligence of a public that has not yet made a study of the bungalow may be helpful, and may save many from mistakes. Strange as it may seem, there are certain colors that seem to belong distinctly to bun- galow furnishings. The blue and white of the Japanese crépes, that can now be found in every market, show up with great beauty against the wooden walls of a bungalow. There are also wistaria patterns, in purple, white and green, that add the greatest charm to a bungalow room; these are inex- pensive stuffs that are filmy and yet strong, and are sturdy enough to find their place in such furnishings. : It is well to beware of the cheap, crass materials, in bold designs and strong colors, that are now being shown in the shops on all sides as “bungalow” curtainings. If there is a style of building in which it behooves the furnisher to beware of bright, crass colors, or cheap, fadable ones, it is the bungalow. However, any stuff that is clear and strong—in white or cream, or pale clean gray—may carry out a bungalow scheme successfully. The point is that many things will be brought in by the shops for bunga- lows—as this is a popular term now—which would ruin the artistic beauty of a house. There are two ways of making a room ef- fective in its furnishing, and both relate to color. One is to adhere only to some cool, per- vasive color, which strikes the beholder on entering, and the other is to pick out different features of the furnishing with rich and appropriate colors that blend in a harmonious whole. > AND GARDENS September, 1911 231 Fit the Bungalow . St. Clair The first is the easier way, and on the whole the most effective. There is a keen delight in walking into a room, for example, in which that delicious shade of old blue which looks as if a breath of smoke had blown across it meets the eye at every turn. It varies in tone, perhaps, until it melts into the pewter and silver accessories of the room without a sigh. On all sides is the harmony of cold blue, changing into gun- metal gray, to silver gray, to silver itself. These subtle gradations of colors and tones are the delight of the sybarite in fur- nishings, and nowhere has he a better op- portunity for experiment than in the mod- Fig. 4—This interior is finished in California redwood, nodibleiched ern bungalow. i E : Here everything conspires to show up his color scheme to good effect, and here he may safely introduce combinations that would be utterly out of place in a conven- tional house. The “studio,” that generic term which cloaked so many sins, no longer reigns alone; the bungalow has arrived to fight for first place. In illustration Fig. 1 we have a car- pet which is old blue, with a silvery high light over it. This blue is deepened in the couch coverings and window scarfs, and lightened in the walls. Pillows of blue velvet, embroidered with silver threads, are tossed upon the couch, beside silk ones of silver gray. The woodwork and furniture are of silvery satinwood, and the electric- light fixtures are little pewter lanterns. The lamp of Tiffany glass on the table alone varies, with its rich tones of blue and green, the color scheme of the room. It would be difficult to explain the reason Fig. 5—Dining-room, showing archway with posts and buttresses, and with wide box-shelf, why one instinctively combats the idea of above which is a simple lattice grill flowered or figured walls in a bungalow. So many of them are built with wood paneling instead of plaster, and these are so simple and restful in effect, that it may be this fact has induced a feeling against the use of flowered papers. Figured material, however, may be used delightfully with wooden walls, and is pic- tured in Fig. 2, an interior where the brown woodwork is offset by brocaded hangings in dull mahogany-red and white. Japanese baskets in black or dark-brown lacquer, and a few pieces of Japanese bronze, accentuate the scheme and assist in bringing the walls and hangings together. This room is very clean and rich in tone, and its carpet of neutral brown, “bungalow weave,” does not interfere with its scheme of color. There are many instances where it is im- portant to keep the floor and side walls of a room absolutely neutral, and this is nearly always the case when a rich or striking fig- ured material is used as drapery. Fig. 6—Dining-room of Charles Parsons’ bungalow, showing the Nouveau Art buffet 330 September, 191 Fig. 1—Dining-room with tile and brick semi-inglenook fireplace. The head casing runs around the room, forming a frieze panel Fig. 2—Mahogany red and brown wood stain in a bungalow in which all the construction (roof, walls, etc.) is exposed Fig. 3—The front door and the living-room of the Charles Parsons bungalow at Pasadena AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Color Tones that Fit the Bungalow By Katharine St. Clair HERE are certain archi- tects, famous for their bungalows, with whom it has become a fad to admit only the low tones of russet brown or bronze green in their buildings. Sometimes, as a concession. they permit these tones to run up the s into a pale tobacco brown, but color—rich, le strong, appealing color—is utterly ta- booed. Undoubtedly, this fad pointed in the beginning in the right direction. It Was a protest against the use of pale colors in bungalows, where they are, in fact, utterly out of place. There is much that has to be taught in connection with the furnishing of this new and popular type of house, or there is much to learn by the longer and sadder route of experience. A few points that will appeal to the in- telligence of a public that has not yet made a study of the bungalow may be helpful, and may save many from mistakes. Strange as it may seem, there are certain colors that seem to belong distinctly to bun- galow furnishings. The blue and white of the Japanese crepes, that can now be found in every market, show up with great beauty against the wooden walls of a bungalow. There are also wistaria patterns, in purple, white and green, that add the greatest charm to a bungalow room; these are inex- pensive stuffs that are filmy and yet strong, and are sturdy enough to find their place in such furnishings. It is well to beware of the cheap, crass materials, in bold designs and strong colors, that are now being shown in the shops on all sides as “bungalow” curtainings. If there is a style of building in which it behooves the furnisher to beware of bright, crass colors, or cheap, fadable ones, it is the bungalow. However, any stuff that is clear and strong—in white or cream, or pale clean &ray—may carry out a bungalow scheme successfully. The point is that many things will be brought in by the shops for bunga- lows—as this is a popular term now—which would ruin the artistic beauty of a house. There are two ways of making a room ef- fective in its furnishing, and both relate to color. One is to adhere only to some cool, per- vasive color, which strikes the beholder on entering, and the other is to pick out different features of the furnishing with rich and appropriate colors that blend in a harmonious whole. r The first is the easier way, and on the whole the most effective. There is a keen delight in walking into a room, for example, in which that delicious shade of old blue which looks as if a breath of smoke had blown across it meets the eye at every turn. It varies in tone, perhaps, until it melts into the pewter and silver accessories of the room without a sigh. On all sides is the harmony of cold blue, changing into gun- metal gray, to silver gray, to silver itself. These subtle gradations of colors and tones are the delight of the sybarite in fur- nishings, and nowhere has he a better op- portunity for experiment than in the mod- ern bungalow. Here everything conspires to show up his color scheme to good effect, and here he may safely introduce combinations that would be utterly out of place in a conven- tional house. The “studio,” that generic term which cloaked so many sins, no longer reigns alone; the bungalow has arrived to fight for first place. In illustration Fig. 1 we have a car- pet which is old blue, with a silvery high light over it. This blue is deepened in the couch coverings and window scarfs, and lightened in the walls. Pillows of blue velvet, embroidered with silver threads, are tossed upon the couch, beside silk ones of silver gray. The woodwork and furniture are of silvery satinwood, and the clectric- s are little pewter lanterns. The ny glass on the table alone varies, with its rich tones of blue and green, the color scheme of the room. Tt would be difficult to explain the reason why one instinctively combats the idea of flowered or figured walls in a bungalow. So many of them are built with wood paneling instead of plaster, and the re so simple and restful in effect, that it may be this fact has induced a feeling against the use of flowered papers. Figured material, however, may be used delightfully with wooden walls, and is pic- tured in Fig. 2, an interior where the brown woodwork is offset by brocaded hangings in dull mahogany-red and white. Japanese baskets in black or dark-brown lacquer, and a few pieces of Japanese bronze, accentuate the scheme and assist in bringing the walls and hangings together. This room is very clean and rich in tone, and its carpet of neutral brown, “bungalow weave,” does not interfere with its scheme of color. There are many instances where it is im- portant to keep the floor and side walls of a room absolutely neutral, and this is nearly always the case when a rich or striking fig- ured material is used as drapery. September, 1911 331 Fig. 5—Dining-room, showing archway with posts and buttresses, and with wide box-shelf, above which is a simple lattice grill Fig. 6—Dining-room of Charles Parsons’ bungalow, showing the Nouveau Art buffet 332 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS While I would as a rule recommend the use of dull half- tones and softened shades of color in bungalow furnishings, there are some rooms that seem to call for a different treat- ment. The one pictured as Fig. 3 is one of these. Here we have a glow of rich and diversified coloring which well carries out this alternative. This room has an ingle-nook fireplace, and the woodwork is treated to resemble teakwood. The walls between the beams and panels are a soft tobacco brown; one or two large chairs are upholstered in corduroy velvet of this color; the one shown in the photograph has a pillow of that delicious shade of old pink which holds a coppery tone. The lamp shade is of the same pink, and one chair is upholstered en- tirely with brocade in which this pink is mingled with silver threads. The note of pink runs through the entire furnish- ing of the room, and is softly and beautifully offset by the light dull brown of the draperies and walls. The rich blue of a large Cloisonné vase finds its counterpart in some of the figures of the Oriental rug on the floor; and although many colors are introduced, they are so selected and distributed that they blend in beautiful harmony. The dining-room illustrated in Fig. 4 is absolutely simple in its treatment. Against the redwood paneling of its walls, curtains are hung of Japanese crépe, having a pattern of clusters of purple grapes, with many green leaves on a white ground. ‘The semi-diaphanous quality of this material makes it very effective when hung against the light. The rug on the floor is a neutral green; the buffet holds delight- ful bits of brass and copper. In this clean little room every article has its decorative value. The purple and green curtains at its windows were selected because they showed up the brass and copper acces- sories most effectively, and because they contrast so charm- ingly with the redwood finish of the walls. It is simple in the extreme, but it is thoroughly successful. Brown, that shades from a deep mahogany through the lighter tones to self-colored pongee, is a most effective color- ing for a dining-room. The walls of illustrations Figs. 5 and 6 are calcimined in a soft shade of brownish tan. This contrasts well with the chestnut stain of the woodwork. Curtains of a deeper shade of golden brown velour hang in the doorways, and there are scarfs of velour outlining the windows. Showing just be- yond these velvet scarfs are others of silk pongee, and when sash-curtains are used at the windows they are of pongee. TUE THU Wy ie ify Vey. ff, Vl ELLA Wu Ly September, 1911 It will readily be seen that these golden-brown stuffs, shim- mering and rich, shading to the dull light tones of pongee, form an exquisite setting for the brass and copper vessels that are now so fashionable for dining-room use. An artist in his studio would arrange just such a background for his stuff. A teakwood stand of Chinese carving, holding a brown lacquer jardiniere, shows up beautifully in this room, the green of small palms or ferns being actually necessary to relieve the universal brown. The materials that appeal to the imagination as appro- priate for bungalows are raw silks and pongee for curtains, and these may be found in all of the dull half-tones that are so effective in a bungalow interior. I have never liked net at the casement windows of a bun- galow; nor is embroidered muslin appropriate. Such dainty materials, suggesting the furnishing of a boudoir, should be left for the cottage or the mansion; they decidedly fall out- side of bungalow furnishings. Such sturdy diaphanous white stuff as linen scrim, and even unassuming cheesecloth, I have seen used most effectively. In one very successful bungalow the woman who furnished it declared that none of her curtains cost her over seventeen cents a yard. She bought unbleached cotton by the bolt, and dyed it with her own hands the different beautiful colors that carried out the schemes of her rooms. The living-room, which was beamed and wainscoted with brown wood, was hung at its diamond-paned windows with some East India- looking stuff in a rich shade of orange. This proved to be the unbleached cotton goods, and as it corresponded pre- cisely with the coloring of the plaster above her wainscot, and hung in beautiful folds, I did not see how she could have improved upon it at any price. Her little dining-room had curtains in cold gray-green. Here the woodwork was stained silver-gray, and ferns in pewter dishes carried out the scheme. Cushions of denim, in dull blue, brown and strong green, contrast well on a bungalow porch with the always accept- able Turkey red. On the outside of a bungalow a bit of brilliant color does wonders for the building, as its rustic finish is apt to look dull and uninteresting at times. and dull-looking bungalow may be made to show up at its best and to spring into real beauty by the addition of some graceful wicker lounging chairs that are cushioned with bright colors on its porch or in its pergola. Ay 4 yr \ \ x \ax 3 4 A dim. September, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 333 Burlap as a Bungalow Furnishing By Catherine A. Jensen =a recent movement for a return to the soil has laid a relentless though beneficent hold upon the city dweller, and it is hard to find AL a person with even a moderate income ities \y Who does not show some symptom of the : “garden germ”’ or the “bungalow bug”’ in either acute or incipient form. That any, even a few, of these aspirants after having achieved what they longed for —a home in the country— should return to the cities, dis- appointed, seems regrettable and entirely unnecessary. One of the errors made by these good people is that they take the whole matter too seri- ously; they cannot conceive how life can go on without all the multifarious things which in- crusted existence in the city— the very accessories which have rendered city life burdensome. They insist on dragging with them into the free and fragrant country all the stuffy, stupid ob- jects which for want of a better name have been aptly called “dust catchers,” and by doing so make of themselves slaves to 2 7 the dreadful Tyranny of Things. Fortunately the day of the omnipresent “tidy” is past. One can, in this year of grace, nineteen hundred and eleven, sit down upon a chair and be reasonably certain that on arising one has not a whole fancy-goods department hanging from his shoulders, neither does one run any great risk of being speared with the numerous pins used to “fasten” the aforementioned fancy-goods to their proper place; still, many of us can probably recall houses where, even at this present day, one could hardly find a space two inches square on either wall, dresser or table that was not littered with ‘‘ornaments.”’ Henry Ward Beecher once said that to be poor was not entirely without compensation; it certainly simplified both housecleaning and _ moving. Those words strike terror to our souls in proportion as we are burdened with this world’s goods. Still, we do not wish to di- vest ourselves entirely of the graces of civilized life as expressed in the softened contours of our home interiors; our senses would rebel at the almost cell-like simplicity of the bungalow prototype—so, by all means, let us have cushions and curtains and whatever else we actually require to render us comfortable during our truancy from high Fireside chair-pillow of canvas or linen Library table-scarf civilization, but (here is the rock of our possible disaster), let us be wary of the textiles we select for the embellish- ment of our summer home. We will consider for a moment the material of which it is constructed—the walls perhaps sandfinished or rough plaster, the woodwork, simple, unpolished, dull finished in stain and oil, showing the beautiful grain of the wood; even the cheaper woods, like cypress, are so delicately marked that it seems a pity to cover them with draperies: or perhaps we also have a large open fireplace where logs may blaze on some unusu- ally cool evening—a fireplace built of large cobbles and boulders. How absurdly incongruous delicate lace curtains, silk scarfs and satin cushions would appear in such homely company. Besides, the jovial sunshine which should be a welcome visitor in whatsoever nook he wished to linger, would make sad havoc with delicately tinted silks and satins. Our merry boys and girls as well as playful Rover and his friends —all eager to throw off city restraint, would be deeply hurt to learn that couch- covers and curtains must be treated with deference and respect. All such annoying fabrics should be con- signed to the cedar chest or to that limbo where ‘Keep Off the Grass” signs shall hobnob with other useless and obnoxious things. However, as we are not rank iconoclasts we will suggest a substitute for those lares and penates which we have so ruth- lessly destroyed. Burlap or one of its kindred textiles such as Monk’s cloth or Russian crash makes ex- cellent furnishing for bungalow purposes. Let us whisper the next statement very low, lest we lose our reputation as good housekeepers — curtains, made of burlap, need never be washed; a good brushing now and then is all that is necessary. The natural color burlap is best, as it harmonizes with any and every other color the room may contain; the sun also likes it, for, when time and opportunity offer, instead of fading the tone into a ghostly reminder of its younger days, the sunshine imparts a beautiful “burnt-orange”’ color to the material, rendering it more beautiful than ever. The loose packing burlap, used by furniture dealers for BBA the safeguarding of their goods during transit, is by far the best for drapery purposes, owing to its open weave and consequent lighter and more transparent effect; it is also more pliable than the ordinary burlap; its price, too, is absurdly low—about eight or nine cents a yard, and at that rate my curtains have cost twenty-five cents per window. The finished article can, however, be made as costly as desired by the addition of suitable needlework; that branch of the craft called ‘“‘drawn-work” seems most suitable for this material, giving it an appearance of elegant simplicity; even the simplest hemstitching never looks cheap, but has a refinement peculiarly its own. The method of making the first pillow will be apparent to anyone familiar with this kind of work. The squares are marked off in their required places by accurately counting the number of threads in and between them, using a_ soft crayon or pencil; then with mercerized cotton and a num- ber 18 embroidery needle put the diagonal and_ diametric stitches across the square; the intervening spaces may again be divided, although for a small square the four intersecting lines will prove sufhcient. As the darning stitch which partly fills the center with the circular form requires an uneven number of spokes in the wheel in order to be continuous, one extra stitch or spoke must be added wherever the ensuing irregularity will be least conspicuous; the darning is begun in the center of the square, filling in as much or as little space as desired. After finishing the center, outline the square with button- hole stitch, the finished edge inward, then cut away the material back of the wheel design. The squares may be arranged in any form desired, and connected by long lines of double hemstitching or slip-stitching. The mercerized cotton should be of a contrasting color and the entire design backed by some brilliant ma- terial to add a touch of color to contrast with the neutral tones of the material. The library table-scarf of which one end is shown in the illustration is decorated with two rows of Mex- ican drawn-work, one wide and one narrow, and finished with a deep hem. The first step in doing the drawn- work is to carefully pull out as many threads from the fabric as the width of the pattern requires; this meas- urement is optional, of course. Hem- stitch both edges, and then tie the threads in the center in groups of five or six. The design consists of intersecting wave lines forming a number of ellipses, one inside the other, the number varying with the width of the pattern. At every intersection of one thread with another a slip-knot is made to keep the line in its proper place. The geometrical sun-ray design used in decoration of the davenport pillow is one of the most easily made and effective stitches. The squares can be arranged in any geo- metrical grouping desired, all the squares to be of equal AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Davenport pillow-cover Curtain for hall or living-room September, 1911 size and enough threads drawn out around the squares to give a good openwork effect. A stitch to hold the thread is taken under the square, then the needle brought down to the edge of the square, three or four threads picked up and a hemstitch made, after which the thread is carried to the center of the square and brought under for the next hem- stitch on the edge. Continue this till all four sides of the square is stitched, and a beautiful radiating design will be the result. Silk mercerized cotton or worsted of contrast- ing color should be used. For portieres this design done with rafha will make a most satisfactory decoration. The butterfly design for the living-room curtains is worked very much in the same way as the square design on “‘Fireside- Chair” pillow; the squares, however, are _ considerably larger, in order to admit light, giving more airiness to the comparatively opaque material. The number and size of the squares should be regulated by the location of the room, whether sunny or on the north side of the house. Variety of design may be achieved by having groups of squares con- taining one large and two small ones. Groups of five squares are also very decorative. As for the butterflies themselves, the center forming the body is darned back and forth to give a long form instead of round, as in the first pattern. Care should be taken not to make the body too large in proportion to the wings. The more spoke stitches there are put into the squares at the beginning the better; it will admit of making the wings larger and of a finer weave. The wings are: darned back and forth in the opposite direction from the stitches in the body. Care should be taken not to pull the thread too tight. The color of the body might be black, and the wings golden brown, peacock green and _ black. Another attractive combination is orange and black. The square should be buttonholed in the medium shade where three col- ors are used, otherwise in golden brown. Among the more expensive ma- terials of this type of goods we find Caracas cloth—about fifty inches wide, costing sixty cents per yard. It has a sort of square weave, giving the “‘basket” effect, and is suitable for portieres and heavy curtains; it comes in a charming ‘‘natural” color, more on a gray shade; besides being adaptable for drawn-work, it can be embroidered with heavy D. M. C. mercerized cotton, which can be had in all colors, or rafha may be used; the latter, with the addition of some large Indian beads, judiciously arranged, makes a very artistic draping. Then there is Philippine cloth, which is more sheer than burlap and could be used to advantage on smaller windows, for which the other materials might be too cumbersome. Philippine cloth costs about forty cents per yard. In order to have the floor covering in harmony with the rest of the furnishings a heavy cotton filler can be had which comes in solid colors and two-tone effects. RERARAL ALIAS Thies September, 1911 The nasturtium climbs by means of its numerous leaf-stalks AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The sweet pea ts a tendril climber which un- ceasingly seeks support The tacoma produces a twining stem and climbing roots The Story of the Climbing Plants By S. Leonard Bastin G mn iM GNEN NG) the average plant the great problem of Ss existence is that of finding room to grow at all. In the evolution of the different forms of vegetable life, all kinds of de- vices have been brought into being to make certain that a particular race shall secure the ascendency in the struggle for Perhaps no class of plants has been so successful a place. in this direction as the large group of species which have adopted climbing methods to enable them to rise in the world. Long ago these aggressive vegetables have taken up a position which is quite un- assailable. In the temperate regions it is the Honeysuckles and Brambles which have cap- tured the hedgerows for their very own, while in the tropical jungles the giant Aroids and Asclepiads clamber to the sum- mits of the highest trees. In themselves the climbing plants form a most interesting study, which owing to the wide distri- bution of the members of the group is more easily followed than that of almost any botan- ical course. A feature which at once ap- peals to the student of the climb- ing vegetation is the variety of ways in which the plants realize their particular object. Nearly all the principal parts of the organism have been called into requisition in the different spe- cies and in not a few cases spe- cial processes have been evolved to aid the subject to rise. Ina The tendrils of the Virginia creeper seek the dark general way all the climbing plants are able to develop very quickly—their growth in some cases being astonish- ingly rapid. By this means the plant is able to take ad- vantage with the utmost promptitude of any support which may offer. Perhaps the most widely adopted method of climbing is accomplished by means of the twining stem. It is ob- servable in a large number of cases that weak-stemmed plants exhibit a tendency, more or less pronounced, to rise on some support. ‘The ability to do so is largely due to a modified scheme of growth which has been called circum- nutation. Darwin advanced the theory that the twining stem was but an advanced form of a phe- nomenon which was to be ob- served in practically every plant. The conception, although it is not universally accepted, is cer- tainly worthy of serious atten- tion. ‘The student will be sur- prised to find, if he examines the stems of an assortment of plants closely, in how many instances a twisting of the stem has ob- viously taken place. This is at times to be seen even in the trunks of large trees, notably so in the case of the Yew. As a general rule the twining plants are not able to rise on a support except this is vertical or nearly so. A number of familiar ex- amples of twining stems will oc- cur to the mind of the most casual observer. Of these per- haps the Hop, the French Bean, the Convolvulus and the Honey- suckle are amongst the most 336 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, Ig1I Clematis, a stalk-climber striking instances. Certainly the most curious point about these plants which twist up supports by means of their stems is the constancy with which they will adhere to their peculiar mode of growth. Owing to this strange habit the twining species fall naturally into two classes from which there is no variation: those which twist from left to right like the hands of the clock, and those which travel in an opposite direction. Of the former the Hop is a good example, while of the ‘latter there is no better instance than the Bean. Strangely enough, there are no possible means by which these twining plants may be coerced or caused to change the course which has been allotted to them. Just why they should be so constant to the one direction it must be admitted that no explanation can be offered. A modified form of circumnutation is to be seen in the case of those plants which climb by means of their leaf- stalks. Of these we shall find excellent instances in the garden Tropaeolum and the several species of Clematis. As a general rule it is to be observed that the stalks of the foliage develop on ordinary lines until they come into Bean and hop A twining clematis contact with any support. ‘This irritation seems at once to bring into action a latent twisting tendency causing the stalk to twine itself around the object and thus secure a hold. Meanwhile the leaf itself carries out its normal duties without being in any way affected by the office which the petiole is performing. It is very often the case that the leaf-stalks of these plants twine around one another and in this way the subject is able to dispense with any outside help at all. The root climbers form a most interesting group which by means of adventitious processes are able to rise with the greatest ease. One of the most common examples is that of the Ivy, a plant which produces an abundance of root- lets on the under side of its stems when occasion requires. These, owing to the minute hairs with which they are sup- plied, are able to adhere to surfaces offered by brickwork, or the trunks of trees. A curious feature of the Ivy shoots is the fact that they are endowed with the property known as negative heliotropism—that is, a tendency to grow away from the light. It will be realized that this characteristic causes the shoots to press closely against any support, and Ampelopsis climbing by adhesive discs The passion flower Ivy climbing by roots September, 1911 thus to retain the under side of the stem in contact with an object to which the roots can afhx themselves. Another familiar example is the Tacoma, a plant classed with the Begonias, remarkable from the fact that not only does it produce quantities of climbing roots, but it also has a very pronounced twining stem. ‘Thus when the situation is not favorable for one method of growth, the resourceful plant is always able to adopt the other mode of affixing itself. It is clear that the thorns in many plants are useful as a protective measure, but in some instances it is found that these processes perform another office. Notably in the case of the Bramble (Rubus) and in some of the clambering Roses the prickles have been turned to account for the pur- pose of helping the plant to rise in the world. If these processes are examined it will be observed that the spines are of a curious hooked formation, such as would make it an easy matter for the shoot to become attached to any object. On occasion it is seen that the Bramble calls roots into action to help it to spread about. These are not adhesive, like the roots of the Ivy, and are only brought into service when a rooting medium is obtainable. Often enough a small quantity of vegetable mold will accumulate in the fork of a branch or between two rocks, and it is then that rootlets appear from the Bramble stem, and seize hold of the security offered. , Of the special processes which have been formed to meet the climbing needs of the plant the most strange are cer- tainly the tendrils. These organs, which are really meta- morphosed shoots, or altered parts of the leaf, at times seem as if they were endowed with something which is strangely like an intelligence. Some experiments conducted with the tendrils of a Pea plant showed that the organ grew out to a definite object with the greatest assurance. How the process could tell that the support was within reach, it is not at all easy to say. Ina general way the tendril, right trom its first appearance upon the scene, maintains an un- ceasing search for a support. This consists in a curious swaying movement just as if the plant knew that what it wanted to find called for a good deal of seeking before meeting with success. One of the most striking plants to observe, which climbs by means of tendrils, is the Passion Flower (Passiflora). These subjects occur widely in America, and represent in all a large range of forms, most of them producing very splen- did flowers, a fact which has caused them to be introduced as garden specimens all over the world. In their manner of attachment the Passifloras are very remarkable plants to watch. The tendrils which most of the species produce are very long and exceedingly sensitive. When the organ is in the highest state of its activity even the slight rubbing AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 337 of its under side with the finger will in a few seconds cause the tendril to incline inwards. If a support, such as a cane, is placed within reach of the process, a very short time will elapse before the object is encircled. As a rule the tendril will not be content with merely looping itself once around the support, but in order to make quite sure that there can be no slipping away, doubles or trebles the circles. Now comes about a very curious change in the behavior of the organ. If the tendril is closely watched it will be seen that a small crank-like process is formed; this, it may be noted, continues to make complete revolutions, swinging down- wards and upwards with the greatest regularity. As this takes place the tendril is naturally coiled on either side of the crank portion, in one direction on one side and in an opposite direction on the other. Finally the coiling process slows down and at last ceases, and then the crank-like part appears as a straight section placed between two spiral por- tions. At times it will be noted that the tendrils develop several series of alternating spirals, and thus there may be more than one straight section to be observed. The pur- pose which the spiral conformation of the tendril serves is clear. Ina general way we may be sure that it will tend to strengthen the organ, while certainly it allows a give in rough weather, and in this way prevents the plant from being torn away from its moorings. The tendrils of the Virginia Creeper offer an advanced form of the particular process. At the end of these organs are small sucker-like attachments which are able to adhere to slightly roughened surfaces. By a marvelous provision these tendrils are endowed with a tendency to negative helio- tropism, which causes them always to grow to the dark crevices, where, of course, they are much more likely to obtain a hold than would be the case out in the open. Per- haps even more remarkable are the little discs which are produced so abundantly by the Ampelopsis. The under side of these, if examined under the microscope, is seen to be thickly covered with very small hairs. Thus the plant is well able to climb even up a perpendicular wall, for the small cilia enter the composition of the brickwork and secure a very firm hold. ‘The grip thus obtained is very secure—so much so that the discs continue to adhere even after the plant is dead. As much as a pound in weight has been suspended from one disc without causing a cleavage. As in the case of the Ivy, it is seen that the shoots of the Ampelopsis tend to grow away from the light, and in this way bring the suckers into contact with the support. In- deed, the Ampelopsis must be regarded as one of the most interesting climbers in the world, albeit it is such a common garden subject that few people have perhaps ever given a thought to its many and diversified wonders. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 The old Bunk House made into a full-grown cottage “The Bunk,” Kennebunkport, Maine By W. H. P. Clark HE “Bunk,” built for the needs and comforts of bachelor days and ways, by gradual shifting of partitions and by additions has grown into a cottage. It was first built for the housing of boats and as a place for ‘“‘bunking.”’ It is placed on the Kennebunk River bank, where the channel runs near it, and where there is a small cove for the mooring of sail- boats. ‘The bank is edged with willows and wild roses. When the Bunk was first built it was looked upon ci with frank contempt by the natives; it was “‘too low to the ground,” the front faced the river instead of the river “road,” and it was shingled like their barns. The water- supply was from the roof, with gin-pipes painted white for storage. The original Bunk had on the ground floor a large room. On the end toward the street was an entrance- porch which was half the width of the building, and a “galley” with bunkers along one side, a stove, and a ‘‘hur- ricane.” The length of the building was fixed by the length of a shell which was hung from the ceiling and which obtruded its nose into the galley, being some thirty odd feet long. On the river end of the building was a veranda and a bridge to a pier on the channel’s edge, so KK A \ x CORE Was AV Sleeping Balcony Wg Poa ue HH Upper and lower floor plans that boats could be got off at the lowest tide. ‘The space above the roof consisted of one large room reached by com- panionway steps fitted with brass step-plates. This was strung with hammocks, not from the “rind of the hammack tree,’ but of canvas, battens, and clews. ‘The salt air from the near-by ocean, the kerosene of the “hurricane,” the tarred clews and the sound of the rote, gave these bunking quarters a genuine flavor of the deep sea. Turning from the river road now, we approach the Bunk through a rustic gate, almost concealed by wild rose - bushes, and the path spread with white beach gravel is bordered on either side by perennials. Here bachelor’s-buttons give their touch of color, there poppies sway in the summer wind, and a fringe of asters yields promise of autumn flower- ing. ; There is something in the very entrance-porch, with its flat stones, cement laid, that suggests hospitality, and one feels certain that the lifting == Maid’s Bed Room [am] lay 1 Vestibule uy in it ! Livi ie ny nes Room || Stairsy it Wy Kgl of the brass knocker will bring its welcoming re- sponse. The door opens into a small reception-hall, whose harmony of color immedi- ately attracts; then through a wide opening one enters the living-room, with high windows facing north, and there are glimpses of glowing color from the window-boxes outside. On the left is the staircase September, IgII shown inthe photograph. The balusters, some hundred and fifty years old, were taken from the Prescott Mansion at Newcastle, New Hampshire, when it was torn down about twenty years ago. On the wall hangs a quadrant, used in 1835 on the old clip- per ship Rasselas, Stephen Jarvis master. » ©in) thee piano is open music, and a violin just laid down, for both the wife and daughter have marked talent, and music is one of the many charms of the Bunk. Beyond the stair- case is a ten-foot opening into the other portion of the living-room, with windows on _ three sides, and the fire- place at one end, with an_ old-fash- ioned settle, and the leathern_ buck- ets, dating back to 1825, speak of the owner’s New Eng- land ancestry. The iMmcpilace iSs- of Philadelphia face brick and the hearth is laid with red unglazed tiles. This room is paneled with wide, unplaned spruce boards, and the ceiling beams are cased with the same material, and they are stained a warm gray. ‘The ceiling between the beams and in the diamond-shaped panels over the fire- i) po i aoe y ae The brick fireplace AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS One of the quaint interiors 339 place is plastered with cement plaster with a rough finish. The mantel, window-casings, stair-treads, and floor-boards are of red birch, oiled and waxed. The floor is a much darker gray than the walls. Some of the panels are doors to closets where are kept canoe paddles, tennis racquets, golf clubs, croquet mal- lets, and the many things that tell of the varied summer life of the family. Wide double-sash doors open from the living-room on to a covered veranda, one end of which shows in one of the outside views. The roof is supported by rustic posts and, like the trimmings, they are painted ivory white. The rugs, fables, and ‘cush- 1oned chairs make a charming _ out- door room where an early caller may find the family at breakfast, and where the dog ‘‘Ras- cal,” hesitating between his loyalty to the family and his longing for a morning swim in the river, barks his welcome. Kaleidoscopic are the pictures that one sees from the veranda at low tide of early morning, when the river is a narrow thread of blue, scarce moving between the dull browns of the flats, where a solitary clamdigger gives the An old-fashioned walk 340 only bit of life, and as the tide comes in new scenes appear from the clubhouse beyond, from the creek which recalls the old Indian massacre, and from the ‘‘wading - place” where the Indians had their tents, canoes and launches. For flash of paddles has succeeded the steady stroke of oar. and swift motor-boats churn the water into white foam. But there is still the glimpse of old wharves in the distance and weather - beaten ways that tell of shipbuilding days, when a century ago a granduncle of the owner was collec- tor of the port. Beyond is the spire of the village church, gleaming white against the flaming colors that flood the sky as the sun loses itself in the water in the place, to which the Indians, moved as we are by its glory, gave some unpronounceable name that means Sunset Cove. The living-room was refinished last spring. As the old ground floor was a little low-studded, being some inches less than seven feet in the clear, the entire second story was raised so as to get in the beams shown in the photograph, and with a height of eight feet from the bottom of these to the floor. Over this living-room are three bedrooms and a bathroom. In the one-story wing, which is at right angles with the old Bunk and the part described, is the dining- room, which finishes up into the roof. ‘The walls above the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 dado of painted duck are covered with tapestry paper; op- posite the fireplace and mirror shown in the photograph is a china-closet with sash doors having diamond-shaped lights. Here one notices especially a dining-table darkened with passing of time, around which gathered members of the family in days gone by in one of the old historical Lex- ington houses, and at which Hancock and Adams were fre- quent guests, and old pewter and china that have been in the family since Revolutionary days. Beyond is the kitchen, a good-sized pantry, shed-room, maid’s bedroom and a bathroom. There is a small cellar under a portion of the living-room. The outside of the building is shingled, the wall shingles are stained a gray- brown color, the roof shingles left to the weather. The outside chimney, which shows in the photograph with a dove-cote, is laid with common bricks with bench headers, flemish bond. The tops of the chimneys are cemented. The sashes are painted white and there are casement windows throughout. The cottage is now lighted by electricity and supplied with town water. The Bunk has stood a silent sentinel to the passing of the birch-bark canoe, the tholl-pin dories, the “‘hurricane,” the gin-pipes, and the flannel shirt, while the cottage will stand to the coming of the new order of paraphernalia. The Care of Milk in the Home The length of time it remains sweet depends largely on the care it receives after delivery to the consumer. Keep it clean, cool and cov- ered and it should remain sweet during the twenty-four hours in which it should be used. Germs, to grow, require three important things, namely: food, moisture and moderate heat. Milk furnishes food and moisture and the room air furnishes the necessary warmth. Milk is therefore a very good medium for the growth of germs, if not kept cold. Dust, dirt and flies are the carriers through which germs get into milk. Milk, therefore, should be protected from dust, dirt and flies. Remember: the most important rule about the care of milk is: keep the milk clean, keep it cold, and keep it cov- ered. DISPOSITION Do not allow milk to stand on the dumb-waiter, stoop, window-sill or other places where the driver leaves it. Place it promptly in the ice box. ICE BOXES Keep your ice box cold. Keep it well stocked with ice. You cannot obtain good refrigeration without a well-filled ice compartment. ODORS Keep your refrigerator clean. Keep it free from disagree- able odors. Milk absorbs unpleasant odors very readily. Strong-smelling foods, such as onions, garlic and strong cheeses, should not be kept in the same compartment with milk or butter. HOME-MADE ICE BOXES Where ice boxes are not available, some makeshift ar- rangement should be provided. The Department of Health has recommended the following: ‘‘“An emergency ice box may be constructed by placing a piece of ice in a covered tin pail or bucket having a hole in the bottom. An old leaky pail will answer. ‘Place the bottles of milk in direct contact with the ice, and cover the whole with a heavy cloth or blanket. The pail may be kept in the sink.” TEMPERATURE The Sanitary Code provides that milk should be kept at 50 degrees F. or lower. Milk purchased from stores should be delivered in a clean condition and at or below the re- quired temperature. BABY’S MILK Keep the milk prepared for infant feeding in nursery bot- tles in the ice box until just before using. The practice of heating the baby’s milk at evening and keeping it warm until the night or early morning feeding is very bad. The heat thus maintained is most favorable to the growth of germs. STRIP =O WES COS September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a att Fae TL ee nr -- Ra An interesting California house which suggests the Dutch Colonial style of architecture A Handsome and Practical California Home By Charles Alma Byers much has been written about its bun- galows, that the Easterner might well be excused for presuming that Southern Cali- fornia possesses no other style of homes. The presumption, however, would be er- roneous, for the architecture of Southern California homes is probably of a more varied character than is that of any other particular locality. In fact, it borrows from architects everywhere, and no mat- ter what the style may be, it is blended into its new setting of semi-tropical verdure with an appropriateness that causes the importation to seem as if it had known no other environs. The attractive home illustrated by the accompanying photographs, whose architecture is a suggestion of the so- called Dutch Colonial, is located near Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, and was designed and built by Arthur Rolland Kelly, of that city. It contains eight principal rooms—reception- room, living-room, dining-room and kitchen, besides the hall and a screened porch on the first floor, and four sleeping-rooms, as well as a sleeping-porch and two bath- ate —>> Lat YN ay) us 3 rooms on the second floor. It is the home of F. E. Naftz- ger, Esq., and the approximate cost of the house was $4,500. The house is of substantial construction throughout, as is attested by its general exterior appearance, and _ its structural lines are particularly harmonious and pleasing. The irregularity of the roof lines, and absence of gable pro- jections, is very effective, giving the creation a distinctive in- dividuality rarely found in a house of this kind. The shingle siding is well laid, and by giving the redwood shingles a heavy coat of oil, with just a trace of dark russet stain, a very striking color scheme is produced—into which the natural color of the brickwork blends harmoniously. The old-fashioned chimney, with its gracefully curved lines, is of well-considered proportions, and, aided by the brickwork of the front steps, does much toward completing an unusually artistic structure. Among the illustrations are two detail views well worthy of especial mention. One shows the front entrance, the other the rear. In the former is illustrated an interesting combining of brickwork, of which the steps are formed, and concrete, which constitutes the pillars. The roof supported AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN September, 1911 View of the front entrance which shows the steps formed of brickwork The rear entrance, distinguished by its novel plan, which comprises a and the pillars of concrete. The roof is supported by the pillars very effective arrangement of French doors and windows opening which shelter the front door, and above the latter are three small into the rear, above which is a small Juliet balcony. The trellised windows which provide light to the hall and the stairway arch is intended as a support for climbing roses. #- The living-room, showing the fireplace with its broad hearth, a mantel of simple design, and built-in bookcases arranged on each side of the fireplace and to the right of the French doors September, 1911 by these pillars, which shelter the front door, is grace-_ fully curved, and above it are three small windows which furnish light to the hall and the stairway. [he latter view shows a very pretty arrangement of French doors and windows open- ing into the rear garden, above which is a small Juliet bal- cony. Ihe whole arrangement is arched by a trellis for climbing roses, and when the vines shall have grown suficiently a very pretty picture will be produced. The windows throughout are com- paratively small and plain; but the num- ber makes up for what they lack in size, and their plain- ness constitutes but a well - considered part of the happy en semble of sim- plicity. The win- dows, for the main part, are given no protection of pro- jecting eaves, an un- common precedent, and therefore have necessitated extra precaution on the part of the builder that they be well fitted, so as to with- stand beating rains. Although the general scheme of simplicity is main- tained, the interior of the house pos- sesses some very appreciable features in the way of built- in bookcases, win- dow - seats, ward- robes, and so forth. One of the illustra- tions gives a view of the hall and the stair- way from the living- room which shows an unusually ingen- iously arranged bookcase, built into the side of the stair- way. Although the house is provided AMERICAN HOMES AND The rear entrance, from the inside GARDENS 343 with furnace heat, both the dining- room and _living- room contain fire- places. The one in the living - room is particularly interest- ing, possessing a broad hearth and a mantel of simple, effective design. Built -in bookcases are arranged oa each side of the fire- place, as well as on each side of the French doors that lead into the rear garden. The woodwork of the living-room, reception-room and hall is treated to re- semble fumed oak. and the walls are tinted in colors varying from buff to light chocolate. The dining-room wood- work is enameled, like that of the sleeping-rooms, and the walls are pa- pered. Hardwood floors are used throughout the first- floor rooms. On a level with the best features de- vised for perfecting this interesting home is the one of grounds. The South- ern Californian or semi-tropical char- acteristics shown somewhat profusely im the trees and plants about the place seem to draw out the flavor of the old Dutch Co- lonial style of the architecture. All are harmo- niously related in producing a house whose lines are am- ply reserved and a setting which is neatly appropriate without any impos- ing order of botany. The fine trees stand in well with the noble points of the design of this hand- some and capacious exterior. 344 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Refinishing Old Furniture By Robert Searn OLLECTING old furniture is not neces- sarily expensive, if one knows where to look for bargains. Many enthusiasts have joined in its search, and it is safe to say that almost every old attic in the country has been ransacked at least once by treasure-seekers—either dealers or col- lectors. As a result, many really fine pieces of old mahog- any have been brought to light, and after refinishing, are occupying places of honor and distinction once more. It is safe to assume that when you have found your old piece, it will be suffering from general instability. The first thing to do is to go over it very carefully, and reglue all the loose joints. Scrape off the old glue, put on fresh, and clamp the parts together tightly, with cabinet-maker’s clamps, and leave them till the new glue is thoroughly dry. Scrape off the surplus glue that is forced out of the joint. It is well to put on new casters, and if the piece is heavy the new ball-bearing casters will be found much better than the ordinary kind. ‘The old brasses, if you are fortunate enough to secure them, should be removed and repolished. If the piece has wooden knobs, as sometimes happens, they may be replaced with reproductions of the old-time brasses, that are to be found in some of the larger hardware stores. Glass knobs are worth while, and should be retained. If the piece is a bureau or a desk, the drawers will generally be loose, and the runs badly worn. ‘The old runs should be removed, and new ones, of hard wood, put in their place. The draw slides should be planed off, and thin strips of hard wood screwed on. The drawers will pull easier if the runs and drawer slides are rubbed with a piece of tal- low, paraffin, or soap. It may also be necessary to replace broken or missing parts. Practice is necessary to enable one to do this work neatly; the only suggestion that I have to offer in this con- nection is that in order to secure well-seasoned wood for this purpose I visited the yard of a firm that makes a business of tearing down old buildings, and, for almost nothing, se- cured several good mahogany panels. After all repairs have been made, the next step is to re- move the old finish. There is always varnish to scrape off, sometimes paint; one of the best tables I ever found was hiding under four thick coats of paint. Boiling water and washing-powder applied with a stiff brush may sometimes be used to remove old finish, but this method is not recom- mended, for the reason that the hot water may loosen the glue in the joints, and if used on a veneered piece, will cause the veneer to swell, and to separate from its base. There is always danger that the washing-powder will bleach the wood, turning mahogany, for instance, to a dirty yellow color. There are various brands of paint remover that may be used. These do very well, if used with care, though I have found them rather messy and unpleasant to use. The remover is brushed on, allowed to stand for a mo- ment, and then the finish is scraped off with a putty knife. It is well to apply the remover a second time, and to wipe off the last vestige of the old finish with a cloth, or better still, with a handful of steel wool, such as the painters use. After using varnish remover, it is wise to wash the surface with turpentine, or benzine, and allow it to dry thoroughly, before applying new finish. Though the process takes much longer, I have found the best way to remove old finish is to scrape it off with a well- sharpened putty knife. There is a knack in sharpening a scraper properly. It is easy to describe, but not at all easy to do. ‘The best way is to get a good-natured painter or cabinet-maker to give you a lesson. ‘The idea is to file the edge of the scraper square across the end, in such a way that a burr edge is turned over. It is this burr edge that does the cutting, and when it is flattened back it is again turned to a cutting position with the point of a steel bur- nisher. Sometimes broken glass is used, but it is not as good as a steel scraper. [he important thing to remember, 1s to take off every particle of finish, down to the bare wood. After scraping, it will often be found that the wood of the different parts of the piece are of different shades. This is sure to be the case if repairs have been made. In order to darken mahogany, dissolve five cents’ worth of permanga- nate of potash in boiling water. This will make a quart or more. Apply with a brush to the light portions of the wood. It is well, in order to avoid darkening the wood too much, to use the solution very dilute, and apply it several times, until the wood is the exact shade desired. The permanganate is not a stain. It seems to burn the wood, and must not be used too strong. There are two methods of refinishing. A bureau or desk may have a shellac finish, rubbed down, while a table-top, which may have hot or wet dishes placed upon it, should be rubbed to a hard oil finish, which will show no marks. To get the hard oil finish, brush on a mixture of raw linseed oil and turpentine, mixed in the proportion of two parts of the oil to one part of the turpentine. Allow this to stand for a few minutes, then rub off the surplus oil with a clean cloth. Repeat this process several times, at intervals, being careful not to get too much oil on any particular part of the table, or that part will sweat, as it is called, and must be rescraped. After several coats of the oil have been applied, and they have had a chance to dry in slightly, go over the table-top with an iron weight, wrapped in a soft cloth, and rub to a polish. This will not come immediately, but patient work, and an occasional rub with an oily cloth, after the table has been put in use, will eventually give the desired result. Table-legs, and pieces of furniture not exposed to heat and moisture, may be finished in shellac. First apply a coat of oil, as described for the hard oil finish. Thea go over the piece with a thin coat of white shellac. When the shellac is dry, sandpaper lightly with fine sandpaper. This will, of course, remove most of the shellac, except what has gone into the inequalities of the wood. ‘Then put on another coat of shellac, rubbing down as before, until four or five coats have been put on, and rubbed down. For the last rub-down, use powdered rotten-stone and oil, applying it with a piece of haircloth. Rub only hard enough to kill the gloss of the shellac, and to secure the dull satiny finish that is so pleasing. Rub off the surplus oil and rotten- stone with a soft cloth. Some of the paint companies sell lacquers that give a dull finish without rubbing, but as I have had no experience in their use, I cannot say how they would work out. The directions given apply to refinishing old mahogany. 1 prefer to finish each piece in the color of its natural wood. It is sometimes necessary to finish a piece of light-colored wood to represent mahogany. To do this, apply a wood dye or a penetrating oil stain. Do not use varnish stain. This does not go into the grain of the wood, but merely forms a colored coat on the surface. After applying oil stain, wait a few minutes for it to strike into the wood, and then wipe off any surplus that remains on the surface. September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 345 An Experiment Station for Bird Culture By Omar H. Sample ios UR first census of birds, taken a few years = ago by the Director of the New York Botanical Garden, showed an average de- crease in the number of birds of forty-six per cent. in fifteen years. And the per- centage loss will naturally grow as our forests decrease. Our ordinary operations of forestry and agriculture are bringing with them a steady decrease in the num- ber of permanent, non- migrating birds. Our no- blest song-birds, the major- ity of them insect-eaters, are rendered homeless on the farm because they make their nests in shrubs, bushes and hedges, and the mod. ern farmer must clear away the undergrowth. Even the titmouse is on the decrease, for he houses in the trunks of hollow trees, and modern forestry and gardening cannot tolerate hollow or dying tree-trunks. The unpaid and faithful guardians of the crops are thus ostracized from their nat- ural occupations. The wanton slaughter of certain of our birds for profit or alleged “‘sport”’ is gradually being checked by a strong public sentiment and some legislation. The League of American Sportsmen and the Audubon societies are slowly “The Hessian Food House’’—the standard outdoor dining-room for birds used at Seebach Display-room of nesting-box factory enlisting the aid of all. good citizens in putting legal bar- riers against such useless destruction of bird life as the killing of song-birds for food, or the slaughtering of the egret to plume milady’s hat, but we have yet to learn that we must restore to the birds by artificial means what our modern systems of cultivation are taking away. In Germany a five-hundred-acre experiment station for the study and preservation of bird life has been estab- lished to show the people how to restore to the feath- ered citizens of the forests the comforts and conve- niences of which modern civilization is gradually robbing them. The federal states of Germany are not only protecting 152 species of birds by law, but are growing nesting-hedges for them; cultivating, pruning, and grafting nesting- bushes; hollowing out natural nesting - holes; building nesting - boxes in the trees; fashioning natural and convenient winter feeding-houses; and protecting the birds from their carnivorous enemies. Baron von Berlepsch, who has turned his great ancestral estate at Seebach into an experiment station for bird culture, is the father of the modern science of bird protection, and we may learn much from a study of the methods employed for encouraging bird life at Seebach. Se a ajay ~ WeLate ee PR Ee ee The Old Castle of the Seebach Estate, now used by the Experiment Station for Bird Protection 346 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 A marle bearing six inhabited nesting-boxes for birds ing-tree. On this unique bird farm the convenience and comfort of the feathered tenants have everywhere been considered in developing the grounds. Nineteen acres of the estate in the neighborhood of the castle are laid out as a park; sixty acres are planted with thickets of shrubbery, chiefly of poplar and willow, for nesting-places for the birds. The bushes are specially pruned or tied in clusters to accommodate the nesting habits of the bird. ‘The rest of the estate is in forest. A lake near the castle furnishes an attractive residence for water-birds, and a little brook bordered with nest-filled shelter thickets winds through the grounds. The most essential part of the work of bird protection is to provide nesting-places, and over two thousand nesting- boxes are maintained and fitted out in the style preferred by the various bird families. Baron von Berlepsch is the inventor of a most successful type of bird-box that he developed after a detailed study of several hundred wood- pecker holes. He discovered that all of the woodpecker houses were built on the same plan, and conceived the idea of imitating their construction by the hand of man. He copied with infinite care the circular opening, always wisely inclining upward to keep out the rain, and always running down into the wood into a deep bottle-shaped cavity, and ending in the same pointed bowl. At first he fashioned the boxes laboriously by hand, but the demand for them grew so rapidly that a manufacturer was interested and elaborate machinery devised to manufacture the boxes in commercial quantities. There are now three or four factories making A clump of nesting-bushes containing eight nests, favorably placed for feathered tenants Hawthorn bush grown and pruned as a nest- Three nests on one bush An old linden with limbs cut into whorls for nest-sites them, and it was found necessary to trade-mark them to prevent spurious imitations from getting on the market and cheating the birds. For the feathered tenants are more particular than the city apartment-hunter, and if the box is not furnished exactly right, with just the right quantity of sawdust in the bottom, it will not be inhabited. It must be hung at just the right height from the ground, and inclined a little toward the opening, away from the wind. The Grand Duchy of Hesse, after investigating the Baron’s work, has installed 9,300 nesting-boxes, and the Prussian Board of Agriculture has issued a guide for the protection of birds. The City of Hamburg has a keeper of birds, appointed by the state, and his services are at the call of citizens who may want advice or assistance. The birds on the Seebach estate have on more than one occasion demonstrated their efhciency in protecting plant life. A wooded tract adjoining the von Berlepsch estate was one spring stripped bare of foliage by a moth pest, but the Baron’s woods, with their 2,000 nesting-boxes, were untouched. While whole neighborhoods suffered from caterpillars in their orchards, trees with nesting-boxes were unmolested. Fruit-growers in the neighboring villages were guick to learn their lesson, and now nearly every garden and orchard in the surrounding country has its nesting-boxes. Extensive shrubbery plantations have been made at See- cach solely for nesting-places for the birds that house in the open. The bushes that branch out strongly after pru- ning, that keep away vermin by their thorns, and thrive well A nesting-hedge of small bushes pruned into nest-holders, and nesting- box on a tree September, Ig9II in shady places, are especially favored by the feathered citizens of the forests. “The whitethorn, hornbeam, com- mon beech, gooseberry, honeysuckle, and red cedar are the most successfully used for nesting-copses. “Che ground for one of the nesting-hedges is carefully prepared, and the shrubs systematically and severely pruned at intervals. The new growth will form whorl-shaped ramifications that serve as sites for nests. These whorl-shaped sprouts are cut back annually, and made to ramify still more. Between these ‘‘stock bushes’ the dense growth of the hedge rises, and soon forms a compact thicket. One of these shelter- hedges on the estate has an average of one nest for every yard and a half. Winter feeding is second only to housing in making life suiterable to the birds in severe weather. After eleven years of study, the Baron developed three practical feeding de- vices—the food tree, the food house and the food ‘“‘bell.”’ The food tree is made by simply sprinkling a carefully prepared mixture over the branches of one of the coniferous trees. This is man’s imitation of a tree covered with a natural meal of insects’ eggs and larve. The most popular menu for the food tree the Baron found to be a compound of meat and white bread, ground, hemp, maw, poppy flower, white millet, oats, dried elderberries, sunflower seeds and ants’ eggs. To this is added about one and a half times as much beef or mutton suet. The mixture is poured on the tree hot. A similar winter dining-room for birds is the Hessian AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 347 Food House, consisting essentially of two small tables placed beneath a roof mounted on four small posts. The lower table is merely to attract the feathered diners and in- duce them to notice the upper one, which contains most of the food. A strip of glass runs around the edge of the upper table, protecting it from the weather without hiding it from view. ‘The table is spread with any kind of bird food or seed, of which hemp is always the most acceptable. The ‘Food Bell” is an ingenious mechanical device that serves out food automatically. An inverted glass jar or bottle holds the supply of seed, which is fed through a tube to a bowl, or bell, below. The lower edge of the tube must extend just below the upper edge of the food dish. The ap- paratus works properly only when this construction is very carefully adjusted. The Experiment Station at Seebach is maintained as an object lesson and a school of instruction to all who want to learn of the practical work of bird protection. The Prussian government has directed its Forestry Com- missions to protect as far as possible all plantations serving as bird-shelters and, where ground is allotted, to have new shelters planted and nesting-boxes hung. The Hungarian government sent a trained investigator to Seebach to study methods of bird culture, and is now supplying nesting-boxes to its state forests of five million acres. We may leara trom the work of this new kind of experiment station that the protection of bird life goes hand in hand with foresz conservation, and is only one degree less important. The Wonderful Mechanism of the Watch NESS EW pieces of machinery show more marvel- ous features than that of the watch. Asa general proposition it may be stated that a watch is the smallest, most delicate in- strument of the same number of parts that has ever been devised. About one hun- dred and seventy-five different pieces of material enter into its construction, and upward of twenty- four hundred separate operations are comprised in its manufacture. Certain of the facts connected with its performance are almost incredible, when considered as a whole. A black- smith strikes several hundred blows on his anvil in a day and, as a matter of course, is glad when Sunday comes; but the roller jewel of a watch makes every day—and day after day—432,000 impacts against the fork, or 157,680,000 blows during the course of a year, without stop or rest—or some 3,153,600,000 blows during the space of twenty years, the period for which a watch is usually guaranteed to keep good time. But the wonder of it does not cease here. It has been calculated that the power that moves the watch is equiva- lent to only four times the force used in a flea’s jump. The watch-power is, therefore, what might be termed the equiva- lent of a four flea-power. One horse-power would suffice to operate 270,000,000 watches. Furthermore, the balance-wheel of a watch is moved by this four flea-power one and forty-three one-hundredths inches with each vibration, or 3,55834 miles continuously in one year. Not much oil is required to lubricate the little machine on its 3,500-mile run. It takes only one-tenth of a drop of oil to oil the entire machinery of a year’s service. It may be news to many that the watch of the railroad man is as necessary in modern railroading as the air-brake. Without accurate timekeeping there would probably be more accidents than if there were no air-brakes. The train- despatcher starts a train at a certain time; he halts it at certain stations at certain times; he sidetracks it for a period of varying length; the watch of the conductor on the side- tracked train must agree with the watch of the conductor on the express to which he had to give way; each station- master along the road checks the time of every train that stops or flies past. On one great line about 5,000 watches, worth on an average $25 apiece (a low estimate), are used. If we take into consideration the number of watches that are used on other roads throughout the country, it is evident that the value must run up into hundreds of thousands of dollars. In order that the watch may be kept up to a regular standard, it must be inspected regularly. ‘There is not only a general time inspector on most railroads, but a staff of local inspectors who are placed along the road at convenient points, and to whom the men may resort when they wish to compare their time with the standard time at that place. Once every two weeks the railroad man submits his watch to such an inspector (usually a jeweler or watchmaker by profession). ‘The inspector gives his expert opinion on the condition of the timepiece. If it needs cleaning, he says so and does it; if it is fast or slow, he regulates it, and not until it is running with sufficient accuracy is it allowed to escape from his care. A watch’s record is kept as if it were a thief. So far as repairing goes, the railroad man is under no compulsion. He need not hand over his watch to any particular watchmaker, or inspector, for repair, but he can give it to any watchmaker in whom he has confidence. It must, however, be submitted to the inspector before it can be used in actual service. That no favoritism is shown in the matter of watches is evident in the fact that no less than eight different manufacturers supply railroad watches. 348 The Value of Hedges AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 to the Home Grounds By Ida D. Bennett G Gx) A are few places—suburban, country or village, but what are benefited by a length of hedging in some part of the premises. The only exception which occurs to me is a town lot where the entire area is laid to sod and all division fences and lines are obliterated or marked by a high wall or fence. In the ordinary home grounds of a few rods in extent, or of as many acres, more or less space is devoted to a vegetable garden and to a flower garden of greater or less extent. It is always desirable to shut off the kitchen garden from the remainder of the grounds by a screen of some sort, and what is more satis- factory than a hedge of blooming plants or of evergreen shrubs? The flower garden, also, is far more satisfactory if shielded by a hedge of some sort, as privacy here is apt co be one of the chief charms. The service part of the house, especially the clothes-yard and back kitchen steps should always be screened in some manner—either by hedge, shrubbery, high wall or lattice covered with vines. A hedge of blooming plants is always fascinating in its season of bloom and is an exceedingly practical way of affording seclusion, as it grows in value and beauty year by year. If in addition to its flowers it possesses the added advantage of evergreen foliage, handsomely colored bark or ornamental fruit, its value is much increased. We are all familiar with the common privet so much used for hedges, but there are several less well - known terms which are far finer. ‘The Japanese Privet holds its foliage the greater part of the winter and the leaves are large and handsome, much resembling those of the lilac. The Chinese Privet also has broader foliage than the com- mon privet and a lighter color; it is also of very free habit, standing much clipping. But for early spring effect there is nothing which equals in gorgeous coloring the Japan Quince-Cydonia. ‘The rose- colored form was much more common a few years ago than at the present time, few gardens being without at least one specimen. As a bush it is somewhat straggling “and awkward in effect, but when covered with its wealth of lovely flowers in early May it is beautiful indeed and as a hedge-plant leaves little to be desired. Grown closely to- gether in rows, all faults of growth are eliminated and one sees only its beauties. An odd and unusual hedge may be achieved by the use of the dwarf Horse Chestnut, A%sculus Paviflora, which, in July, is covered by the characteristic upright spikes of white blossoms peculiar to the Horse Chestnut. Anyone who is familiar with that tree when loaded with its mag- nificent spikes of flowers can imagine the beauty of a hedge ot this character. But it is the shrubs which bloom in late summer and fall that give especial satisfaction when used as hedges. The spring has such a wealth of bloom, from shrub and hardy bulbs, that little is needed from the hedgerow, but as the season waxes towards fall the bravest of the show is over and we welcome these later flowers of the summer. One of the finest plants for the purpose is found in the hardy Hydrangea, H. Paniculata Grandiflora. Nothing excels it and few if any flowers equal it in display when loaded with its great heads of bloom. It is an easily grown plant and requires only to be planted in rich soil at a reasonable distance apart—for it is of a spreading rather than an up- right growth, and the annual pruning required intensifies this characteristic. It should be heavily mulched with coarse manure in the fall and well watered during the heat of summer when it is getting its flower buds, and late in winter or early spring it should be severely trimmed—cutting back about two-thirds of the last season’s growth. This results in larger and more numerous blooms, and as the blooms come on the new growth is very necessary. Another charming plant for fall blooming is found in the Hibiscus Syriacus or Althea. These are in every way charming hedge-plants, standing trimming well, and as it is the habit of the plant to make many branches from the ground up, it forms a close hedge as symmetrical almost as privet. Any one color of flower, white, blush pink, rose, crimson, purple or striped may be used, or two or more colors combined, as white with red, white with purple, pink and the striped variety, all are certain to afford satisfaction. The Altheas are not quite so hardy and rugged as the hydrangeas, but stand ordinary winters all right. It is only when an exceptionally severe or changeable winter occurs that they suffer. Ice about the plants in winter is harmful, and good drainage should be assured and the ground about the roots well protected with rough litter, and plenty of it will be needed. There are few of the hardy, flowering shrubs but what may be utilized as hedge-plants on occasion. ‘There are tew plants but which look better grown in long rows than in clumps or as isolated specimens. The old-fashioned snowball, and the newer Japan snowball, are very fine when used to mask outbuildings and allowed to grow at will. The syringeas are beautiful at their period of bloom and the Tartarian Honeysuckle is one of the finest ornamental hedge-plants. These plants carry flowers of red, of pink and of white which are followed by red fruit, which with the foliage lasts well into the winter. Single colors may be used for planting or two or more may be combined, but the single color is more agreeable in effect. For a dividing line between town lots the rugosa roses are very fine. The plants are sturdy and rugged, making fine upright bushes, clothed with heavy wax-like foliage, curiously wrinkled. The large single, double and semi- double flowers are followed by highly ornamental hips, or seed-pods, of orange-red and scarlet. The plants will do well in situations where few other plants will thrive, standing hot sun and dry, sandy soil very well. The most desirable varieties are Atropurpurea —a vary dark variety, with nearly black buds opening to a crimson-maroon; Blanche Double de Coubert, a double white, large and showy; Conrad F. Meyer, a clear silvery rose in color and a very large flower with a bud resembling the LaFrance rose; Madam George Bruant, a hybrid of a large, double form blooming in clusters—a new departure in this class of roses; Mrs. F. Waterer, a semi-double, deep carmine and Madam Charles Worth, another semi- double, rosy carmine flower. All are well worth cultivating, especially in the line of hedges or massed plantings to deco- rate a waste corner or rough place unfitted for the more exacting class of plants. As a general thing roses are not especially ornamental when out of bloom, but the Rugosa Roses are handsome in any stage, and the hybrid forms show much improvement over the original forms, but one will always enjoy the artistic qualities of the single white. September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix GARDEN NOTES This de; ent is conducted by an experienced and Risctcal landscape architect, who extends an invitation to the readers of AMERICAN H OMES AND GARDENS to send to the arden Ecitcr inquiries cn any matter pertaining to the developing of the garden and the home grounds. Letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this department. Peony Planting for September By NORMAN L. CHESTER planting. Although some successful gardeners prefer to plant in the spring, it is generally conceded that fall planting is better. In selecting varieties, one will find the single, double and the Japanese types valuable for effects. Of the single varieties, the Fiancée (white), the Clio (pink) and the Monsieur Marsaux (red) are excellent for a choice. The Japanese varieties, Gwyn-Lewis (white) and Riene Potard (red) will be found very satisfac- tory, while the double white Virgo Maria, which blossoms late, the pink Triomphe du Nord and the fine red Duchesse de Nemours will be welcome additions to any garden. In addition to these sorts, there are the semi- double varieties — couronne d’Or (white), Marguerite Gérard (pink) and Armandine Mechin (red) ; the Crown va- rieties—pink Octave Demay ; the rose varie- ties—Avalanche (white), Stewart’s America (pink) and Constant Devried (red). One will have a choice between the ordinary herbaceous Peonies and the tree Peony. The latter are woody shrubs, often reaching a height of three feet; but it is a more dif- ficult plant to cultivate, as it requires care- ful watching and protection in the early spring, being an early-budding plant. The tree varieties are also of much slower growth than the herbaceous varieties, and for this reason have never become so popular in the garden, though their beauti- ful full blossoms should lead them to be less neglected. In planting, one should re- member that Peonies require much moisture and some shade, though they should never be planted either in wet places or under heavy tree foliage. In fact, Peonies should be given a position quite away from close proximity to trees, as tree roots will sap their energy. The middle of September is the best Peony planting time. Set out the roots so the crowns will be four inches below the soil surface, and four feet apart. Remem- ber that Peonies blossom but a month every season, and plan their ultimate effect with this in mind. Of course, their foliage is green from early spring to late fall, and forms an attractive adjunct to the shrub- bery. Peonies require a rich soil; in fact, one can hardly find too rich a position for them in the garden. Siauia is the month for Peony BULB PLANTING As September is the bulb - planting month, the garden-maker will do well to make his selections immediately, and send to his nurseryman without delay for the bulbs that are to bring a wealth of gorgeous color to his garden in the springtime. The experienced gardener will already have consulted the floral catalogues and will have his list already before him; but there is still time enough, for bulbs may go into the ground the fifteenth of the month. In plant- ing, bear in mind the fact that large, fine bulbs should be chosen if proportionate blossoms are to be expected the first season. As a general rule, bulbs are apt to be planted too near the surface. A good rule to follow in this connection is to place the bulb twice its own: height below*'the soil level. Fertilizers should never come in direct contact with the bulb, and it is well to rest the rooting end of the bulb on a thin sprinkling of sand. In answer to a reader in Ohio, the fol- lowing bulbs are recommended for a suc- cession of bloom: Crocus Scilla and Ga- lanthus, for February, March and early April; Jonquils and Daffodils, for April; Tulip and Narcissus, for May; Alliwm au- reum and Lilium Canadense, for June. MATURITY OF FRUIT TREES A reader in Connecticut, who is planning a small orchard for her garden next year, writes to ask how long after the setting out of fruit trees the various species come to maturity and become valuable as_ fruit- bearers. Apples bear in three years, but ten must be allowed for a good crop. Two years’ growth will produce fruit from peach trees, and five years bring them to a profit- able state. Twice this time should be al- lowed for pear trees, two years for the quince, with four to bring it to a valuable crop, while plum trees produce fruit in three years and yield an abundance of fruit in Six. PERENNIALS NOT TO MOVE The amateur gardener must exercise great care in thinning hardy perennials this month, not to attempt to remove such plants as the Yucca, Chrysanthemum, Japanese Anemone, Tritoma, and if young plants of the Sweet William, Foxglove and Holly- hock have not been transferred to other locations by the middle of the month they must not, on any account, be disturbed later. SELECTING DAHLIAS September’s advent brings with it the cul- mination of the Dahlia season, and if one has neglected this lovely flower it will be an excellent thing for him to peep into his neighbor’s garden while these plants are in their most perfect blossoming, and to make note of the varieties he sees there that please him most, in order that he may se- lect those of his choice for his own garden another season. Indeed, everyone inter- ested in gardening, no matter to what ex- tent, should keep by him a notebook in which he may jot down from month to month observations of just this sort, which will prove of great value to him ultimately. WATERING LAWNS DURING DROUGHT The blazing sun of these September days brings havoc to many of our lawns. Re- course to the hose is not in itself sufficient if one does not know how a lawn during a drought should be watered. At sundown or at sunrise the lawn should be soaked by dropping water; nothing rips up the sod so completely as pointing a nozzle-stream di- rectly at it. As for a mere sprinkling, the The New Berry Vine grows 40 feet a year Hardy as an oak st any part of the co crops of rich, bl been gathered fre ly an inch long, aL Berrydale Experiment Gardens American Ave. Holland, Mich. Old and Husky Weeds Will Fade away if jabbed with a deadly dandelion pill. 500 Pills and ‘‘Jabstick’’ prepaid, $1.00. No backache. Money back if you are not satisfied. WILLIAM A. SPINKS & CO. 362 WEST ERIE STREET, CHICAGO THE LENOX FLOWER SPRAYER » For Indoor Plants [, We want every lover of plants to see this flower sprayer and gfNDFOR look at it twice ee times C i would be better. Not a squirter; IReyiB8 a sprayer, for indoor and veranda use. Pressing upon a minutely 2 perforated strong elastic bulb Price includes two extra bulbs ejects a misty spray reaching and a cake of tohacco soap plants under and over the leaves 4 ft. high. A lecture, ‘Success with Flowers,” in printed torm sent free to everybody. Exclusive agencies given in every town. THE H. LENOX SPRAYER CO. 165 West 23rd Street New York $1,00 postpaid SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. $4 00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of s. Missouri River—Cash with order. Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. MIOLES srewnie Bean Send 25 cents for enough beans for small lawn or garden, or $1.00 for carton containing over 500 beans. BROWNIE CHEMICAL CO., © —K ALAK A we j Mixed seed and fertilizer that comes up where everything else ™ failed. Allitneedsis soil and moisture. Cheaper than common 5 lb. box express prepaid east of Missouri river $1.00, 4 I$ or west of the river for £1.25. Our instructive booklet, “‘How \} to Make a Lawn,** FREE. Written by experts; solves every \ W grass problem—a big help. Send forit tonight. : 25 Exchange Ave., <4 The Kalaka Co., °°? a Union Stock Yards Bound Brook, N. J Chicago, Il. ~“Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and C= Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer- ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries. 643 E Penn St, Reading, Pa. : $25,000.00 from one-half S acre. Easily grown throughout U. S. and Canada. Our booklet AV tells particulars. Send 4 cents for postage. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. THREE THINGS YOU NEED FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in metal receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket with bail. Odorless, proof against : rats, cats and dogs, or the smaliter, death Opens with the Foot dealing pest, the house fly. Health de- mands it. No Odor | Underground Garbage Receiver nem Underfloor Refuse Receiver “=| Underground Earth Closet SECOND: This clean, convenient way of disposing of kitchen ashes, cel- lar and yard refuse, does away with the ash or dirt barrel nuisance. Stores your oily waste and sweepings. Fire- proof, flush with garage floor. THIRD: It supplies a a safe and sanitary is sac 8 method to keep your | “i water supply safe from polludion. It prevents danger from the house or typhoid fly, around camp or farm, disseminating its poisonous germs to your family. Nine Years in practical use. It pays to look us up. Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each Cc. H. STEPHENSON, fe. 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. Easy to sweep into ia eS. ACamp Necessil) (i SEE x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 ey || SueeuasSUuGer 141 | Sizisasssteners cop Migs apclliasis sins Aa aeiin lin goa i oem eam SPalmitmney tt a of Bi val \ Bae i OT Bi, wee lb: © 8 ‘s % 2 "ee incon sical ne a li . - cs - & x SS ad a e~ , meet eos Clinton Wire Lath is Unsurpassed for use in exterior as well as interior plaster work. A wire mesh made up of drawn steel wire of high quality, galvanized after weaving, and provided with our famous V-stiffeners affords the ideal material for supporting stucco. Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the plaster eliminates all danger of cracking. In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away. Write for descriptive maticr ara : ee ee ShOnhce 2 ES ene SE ~_ - ac} iY SosGceoesecsee TO > > Guaranteed Gas aero er P Mantles iene We guarantee the planme Wood Fibre Mantle to outhist three ordinary mantles to be aung r _ too uny other mantle at any pric son “thir do more light; to he jar. d free from shrinkage and to inerease in sunitg i) wer while Durning, We will reiund your money if the Harris Mantle is noe repre sent APNEA Wood Fibre Mantle es are made for or 9 r umps KINDS he CYLINDERS, ETC. \ Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices ESE: MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. or low pre No kerosene. \ w light. * roduce them.we ewill pends Gutelximnan ties Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works pre \palils for ok 00. Specify Gon or cap. upright or in . ft nin ue for pressure usoline, $1.00 rt er dozen, stem “We. W a panies and Manufacturers? Agents Everywhere. Write for Money Making Proposition. THE HARRIS WOOD FIBRE MANTLE CoO. 405 Harris Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio ¥ EARTSHODAE S HO Details of Building QSHADE | Construction Original an unequale: NS ee a ee, ee Wood ortia rollers. “|mprovea” A collection of 33 plates of scale signature on ey oe drawings with introductory text * By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, ‘ornell University This book is 10x!2% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y. Francis Howard 5 W. 28th St., N.Y. City BIFNCHES, PEDESTALS, FONTS, VASES, STATUARY GARDEN EXPERT Send I5ce. for Booklet Mantels Balustrades at oe — writer considers that worse than no water at all, because the hot sun-rays beating down upon a sprinkled lawn are more harm- ful to it than they are to the dry grass. Of course, with a lawn that is thoroughly wetted this does not apply. In this connection, it 1s well to remember that much may be done to alleviate the effects of drought in the garden by mulching the earth around the shrubs and plants with cut grass and like litter. A covering of this sort placed around the plants acts as a moisture-holder, much in the manner of a bell-glass. In consequence, the ground under the mulch is not baked out and the roots of the plant are there- fore less parched. SELECT TREES AND SHRUBS NOW Inasmuch as October is the best month of the year for planting ornamental trees and shrubs, one should consult the cata- logues of nurserymen and select the sorts best suited to their planting plans. The se- lection of trees and shrubs is a matter of too much importance to be left until the very last moment, and not half enough care is ordinarily given to the matter. It is not enough to say, “I like an elm, so I'll order one.’ Instead, one must be sure the tree or shrub selected is right for the position and exposure, and that the soil conditions can be maintained to bring it to healthful growth. If you have not already planted evergreens, no time should be lost in getting them into the ground the first week in Sep- tember, so they may become firmly started before the setting in of winter. THE CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN EGYPT URING the last few years there has been carried out important hydraulic work in Egypt, in order to provide a remedy for the great dryness of the cli- mate and to give a greater fertility to the soil by irrigation. In this way the level of the Nile is now raised considerably and irri- gation canals could be run at greater heights than before. However, this influenced the height of the underground water, and in Lower Egypt this now comes very near the surface of the ground. At the same time there was observed a lessening in the yield of cotton. In the Delta this is especially remarked, and the crop for 1909 was almost a failure. Accordingly, the state adminis- tration took measures to find out the cause of the trouble. As the only change ap- peared to be due to the carrying out of the hydraulic work, it was thought that the rise in the level of the watersoaked part of the soil was the direct cause of the falling off of the cotton production, and to verify this the commission made a series of tests by growing cotton plants under conditions which were the same as usual except that artificial means were provided for keeping certain soils at ranges of two to ten feet depth for the watersoaked layer. For each portion the depth was kept constant. The results of the tests clearly showed the great influence which the water depth had upon the cotton crop. The yield of cotton in each piece of ground is constantly proportional to the depth of the underground water and is better as the watersoaked layer lies far- ther below the surface. At present the com- mission is engaged on tests in order to show what are the best conditions for cultivating cotton as well as other Egyptian plants. These results will be of value in many other cotton-producing countries. September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi HELPS FOR THE HOUSEWIFE If the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desire any information concerning the subjects treated under this department, write to the Household Editor and receive such assistance as may be desired. A\ll letters accompanied by return postage will be answered by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this department. Breads By MARGARET SEXTON N the gentle art of cooking there is perhaps no line of it that is harder to reach perfection in than that of mak- ing all kinds of breads. The average cook thinks this very simple and so, be- cause it is supposed to be the most ordi- nary form of cooking, makes failures of her efforts. Instead of appetizing, light, digestible bread, there comes on the table heavy, sodden stuff, sometimes looking well, but alas, belying itself. The whole secret, in order to be a successful bread- maker in all its branches, is to be very painstaking, following minutely rules, and also to have an intelligent knowledge of the proper heat of your oven. This last is most important. The following recipes, if carefully carried out, should produce most delectable bread; many of them have been gleaned from very fine cooks who have proven them exception- ally good recipes. The first of the recipes is bread. “Home made bread” is not often found on the table in homes nowadays simply because it is supposed to be too hard to bake. As a matter of fact, there is nothing easier. To make fine, soft, delicious bread, which will remain moist, use three-quarters of a compressed yeast cake, dissolved in a cup of lukewarm water, one quart of milk scalded, one quart of water; combine the milk and water and use only when tepid; one tablespoonful of butter, one of lard, one of salt, one of granulated sugar. Dis- solve all these ingredients in the warm milk and water, then add the yeast, lastly stir in the flour, sifting it thoroughly. The amount of flour to be used depends largely upon the brand of flour, as flour varies in its thickening qualities. Some- times to this quantity of water two and a half to three quarts of flour will be necessary. At any rate the dough should not be thicker than you can stir with a spoon. When the bread is thoroughly mixed, cover closely and set away where it is not too warm and where there is no chance of the dough being chilled. In the morning the bread should be light and bubbling all over it. Flour the molding board well, turn the dough out on it and knead for fifteen minutes, keeping the dough as soft as you possibly can. At the end of that time divide the dough into four loaves (they will not be large) ; put into medium-sized bread tins and set away to rise again where the temperature is neither hot nor cold. When the bread has risen to three-quarters of the pan, it is time to bake it. With a soft little paint brush. kept for the purpose, brush each loaf of bread over with a combination of melted lard and butter. This makes a pretty, brown crust and a tender one when the bread is baked. The oven should be moderate at first. Put the bread on the bottom of the oven; this gives the opportunity for rising. On the upper rack put a large meat pan; fill this half full of boiling water. Allow this “Every day” pan of water to remain over the bread for fifteen minutes. The boiling water causes a steam in the oven, which makes the bread rise and prevents a hard crust from forming on it at once. To bake bread thoroughly, an hour should be given it in the oven. At the end of that time it should be done and a fine golden brown all over it. If accurately followed out this recipe should make delicious bread. Coffee cake is extremely nice to serve for breakfast or for luncheon; it is very simple, and easy to make, besides being economical. One pint of flour (again it depends on the thickening qualities of the flour whether you need a pint or a cup and a half), one egg, two tablespoon- fuls of sugar, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Into the flour sift the baking powder and a pinch of salt. Stir into the flour sufficient cold water and milk (equal parts) to make a stiff batter; lastly add the beaten egg. Pour the batter into a long, flat tin pan. Before putting the coffee cake into the oven, pour over it a heaping tablespoonful of melted butter. Then sprinkle one and a half tablespoon- fuls of granulated sugar over the batter and lastly sprinkle a little cinnamon over it. The oven should be hot, as the cake, to be light and tender, must bake quickly. Serve very hot. Potato Pockets are rather an unusual form of “hot bread,’ but are none the less good, and make a nice addition to either luncheon or breakfast. The ingredients for Potato Pockets are five large potatoes, one quart and a pint of flour, one half cup of milk, one large tablespoonful of lard and butter combined, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, and salt. Boil potatoes until soft, mash fine and rub through a fine sieve. Don’t throw away the water in which the potatoes are boiled. After the potatoes are strained, mix the water with the potatoes. Stir into the flour the milk (the baking powder having previ- ously been sifted into the flour) and melted butter and lard, also the salt. Use a sufficient amount of the potato water to make a stiff dough that may be rolled out. Roll the dough out very thick, cut into large biscuits with biscuit cutter, spread each pocket with melted butter and lard and fold over as risen rolls; bake in a moderately hot oven, and serve very hot. There could be no better accompani- ment to a breakfast of daintily fried bacon and eggs than light, delicate corn bread. The following is a particularly good rule: Two eggs, one pint of milk, one half pint of wheat flour, one pint of corn meal, butter the size of large egg, one cup of sugar, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Cream all the butter and half of the sugar together; beat the eggs light, adding the remainder of the sugar with the eggs. Sift the baking powder and wheat flour with the corn meal. Put the eggs into the milk, add both to the creamed butter and sugar, add salt, stir slowly into this the corn meal and flour until it is well mixed. Bake the corn bread either in gem pans or in a sheet in So That Everyone May Buy 4a “The Standard gaa of Proper Style ZZYORK MAKES. FURNITURE: ~ NC SINCE High Quality an ™\ VEZ JOSEPH P. mecaurey & CO. (Established 1876) (a) Forward Freight Free to any Point in the United States, prepaid purchases amounting to twenty-five dollars or over, or (5) Give free seat cushions for chairs with all prepaid orders; freight charges to be paid by buyers, or (c) Ship on receipt of five dollars, money order or N. Y. draft, the McHugh Bar Harbor Cushioned Arm Chair, or (7) Mail for -5c. in stamps(allowed on first order placed for McHughwillow Furniture) the full Portfolio of Pen Sketches and fixed Pricelist, or (e) Send postpaid without charge, the Illus- trated Booklet and loose leaf pictures of the McHughwillow Furniture in grouped effect. ("Correspondence ts Cordially Invited. 9 WEST 42p ST., at FIFTH AVE. Opposite the New Public Library, NEW YORK. (Only Address Since 1884) NO AGENTS, NO BRANCHES, BUT SATISFIED CUSTOMERS EVERYWHERE Good Value” : = THREAD are made seam- less, of pure wool or camel's hair, 16 FEET | and i in any length, color or combin- 4 ation of colors. 65 regular shades —any other shading made to match. Send for color card and name of nearest dealer. Thread & Thrum Work Shop Auburn, N. Y. **You choose the colors, we'll make the rug.”’ A Beautiful Illustrated Book- let, ‘WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon re- quest. Estimates furnished. DIALS Any Latitude E. B. MEYROWITZ, 105 East 23d St., New York Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London. Paris The Burlington Venetian Blind will make your rooms shady and your porch cool and comfortable. It can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun. Enclose your porch and see what a change it will make in your whole home. It will give you a cozy, secluded room. The air will circulate freely and you will get all the advantages of open air; at the same time you will not be subjected to an inquisitive public gaze. The Burlington Venetian Blind will give youa place to read, sew or entertain—a place for the children to play, too. Write for our iliustrated booklet; it will tell you about the varicus styles Burlington Venetian Blind Co. , 330 Lake St.,Burlington, Vt. xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 Joist Hangers Should always be used around stairway wells and wherever a beam abuts its support. — eee BANE BROS. CO: Gin) eoucueeessee Where Smiles and Fresh Air Are Unknown A Family ‘‘Playground’’ in the New York Tenement District. "THOUSANDS of babies and nursing mothers are too sick to be taken to our fresh air homes, Sea Breeze, Junior Sea Breeze and Caroline Rest. We must therefore care for them at their tenement homes. $5.00 will buy pure milk for a sick baby for a month. $10.00 will restore a nursing mother to health. Hundreds of Babies have been Saved and Mothers Restored to Health by the A. I. C. P. HOW MANY WILL YOU HELP? Don’t ignore the generous impulse to give until it is too late. JIMMIE NEEDS NEW SHOES FOR SCHOOL He hasn't been. wearing any during vacation because the pair he wore «to school last year are now soleless. | Teacher won't allow him inside the school barefooted. Father earns hardly enough, after paying the rent for a few rooms, to buy the bare necessities of life for Jimmie’s brothers and sisters. This distressing combination of circumstances threatens Jimmie’s educa- tion. How would you like to have your children go to school or work in Jimmie’s shoes? The A. I. C. P. knows of thou- sands of needy and deserving boys and girls who must have shoes for school. Last year it spent for shoes alone nearly $7,000. WON’T YOU HELP JIMMIE? A SUGGESTION: As A. 1. C. P. Visitors FIND THEM As A.1.C. P. Nurses LEAVE THEM Have a lawn party or a children’s fair to help these poor families. Write for literature. Send gifts to R. S. MINTURN, Treasurer 105 East 22nd Street NEW YORK '_ 2. © © © © © & © * 8 Rete NG . eos United Charities Building The Shoes that Jimmie Left and Those He Received. New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor R. FULTON CUTTING, PRESIDENT a flat pan. Bake in a moderate oven so as to allow the corn meal to swell, then gradually increase the heat of the oven so as to cook the corn bread through, and bake it a good brown. The following is not a recipe, but a very valuable suggestion along the line of bread, which any housekeeper will ap- preciate, telling how to have steaming hot rolls for Sunday night supper with- out setting the bread to rise Saturday night or Sunday. When you are making bread, divide it, make half up in rolls or bread and the other half put into an air- tight, clean tin can, or pail, having first floured the pail. Then put a clean, white linen or muslin cloth over the pail and the tin cover over that and put the pail either on the ice in your refrigerator or else bury it away in the yard in a snow- drift. You are convinced this will ruin your dough. Not at all. If, by’ the end of the week, or the middle, you would like to have a pan of rolls, or a nice, fresh loaf of bread, seek the pail and with your hands mold up into shape either biscuits or rolls. Put into a pan, set away to rise, and you will find in what surprisingly quick time the dough will rise and how light and beautiful the rolls or bread will be, being none the worse for being chilled, yes, even frozen stiff. If you have any dough left put it in the pail and return to the cold again. Dough will keep two weeks fully, if not allowed to become heated and then put away again. It is such a handy thing to have this dough all ready at a moment’s notice if unexpected company comes in, as you will find if you will try it. Old-fashioned raised muffins, and what could be nicer? and yet, how seldom one sees or eats them in these days of quick meals. Use one cake of compressed yeast, three eggs, one pint of milk, one of water, salt, or all milk. Sufficient flour to make a thick but not stiff batter. Beat the eggs light, dissolve the yeast in the milk, add milk and eggs together, then sift in salt and flour. Beat the batter up wel], so that all the flour is well blended. Set away in moderately warm place to rise. In the morning if the batter is at all sour, add a_ saltspoonful of bak- ing soda dissolved in a little warm water. Use old-fashioned muffin rings to bake the muffins in, using a griddle on which to place the rings. Have the griddle hot, pour the batter into the rings and let the muffins rise and bake a nice brown and then turn them with the aid of a pancake turner and allow them to brown on the other side. Serve hot. THE HOOF OF THE HORSE HERE are toes on a horse’s hoof just as there are on the foot of a human being or on the foot of any animal that resembles the human foot. Further- more, a horse has “toe-nails.” The horn of the hoof grows in pretty much the same way that a toe-nail does. The growth of the hoof is more rapid in unshod horses than in the case of those wearing shoes. It grows still more rapidly in the case of horses that are well groomed and well fed. Generally speaking, however, the horn grows about one-third of an inch each month. Hind hoofs grow faster than fore hoofs. The toe of the hoof being the longest part, it takes longer for the horn to grow there than at the heel. For example, the toe will grow entirely down in from eleven to thir- teen months, while the heel will grow down in from three to five months. September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS CORRESPONDENCE The Editor of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspond- ence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. Alll letters accompanied by return postag= will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. Color Schemes for a Bungalow By HARRY YEOMANS WESTERN reader is perplexed re- garding color schemes for a bunga- low which is being built in a country where there are six months of sunshine, with no rain to speak of during that period. “It is very hot a good part of the time, and I want my house to be as much like a cool summer cottage as possible. “What is troubling me now is, what col- ors to use in the different rooms. I thought of making the dining-room a deep cream, the living-room green, the hall a deep cream, perhaps; then comes my bedroom and the den opening into each other. I will have two leather chairs in the den; all the rest will be summer cottage furniture. Will get new furniture for the dining-room. I already have furniture for the other rooms. I am not going to have dark woodwork. My guest-room is upstairs; I do not know what color to have that. Another thing that troubles me is, what kind of curtains to have for the different rooms. The rooms will be nine feet high. Should the side color go clear up to the ceiling, or the ceiling color come down to the picture molding?” The description which you give us of your bungalow is very interesting, and the cool colors, which you suggest for the various rooms, would make your home most attract- ive and livable if changed but slightly. For the dining-room we would suggest a gray and white landscape paper, with cream woodwork. There are several gray. and white landscape papers, copies of Colonial designs, which can now be obtained, and any one of them will impart to your dining- room just the cool atmosphere which you desire. It would be best not to hang any pictures on this paper. The furniture should be in mahogany, after the designs of Heppelwhite or Shera- ton, as the cool gray walls will make an ex- cellent background for furniture of this character. The living-room would be attractive with a gray-green paper and deep cream wood- work, as you suggest, and have the ceil- ing tinted just a trifle lighter than the woodwork. A good color scheme for the hall would be to use a striped two-toned gray paper, with the same woodwork and ceiling as in the living-room, and the bedroom could be done in a striped two-toned blue paper, not too light. If the den were covered with a plain paper of old Italian blue it would be attract- ive and would be an excellent background for pictures and whatever other ornaments you may care to use. In addition to your two leather chairs, we would suggest that you have furniture of the “cottage” type for this room. These models are built on simple straight lines; they are not so heavy as the Mission furniture, and the manufacturers will finish them in any stain desired, so that they will blend well with the general tone of the room. Either a light-yellow, rose, or light apple- green paper would look well in your guest- room. For all of the windows we would suggest your having all the curtains of a coarse écru net, hung on small brass rods, and coming two inches below the sill. By hav- ing the woodwork, ceilings, and curtains the same all through the house you will obtain a certain amount of uniformity which will be very pleasing. The colors on the walls should go up to the ceiling, where the picture molding should be placed. A GRAY GUEST ROOM A southern reader desires some informa- tion relative to the refurnishing of a guest- room. “I would like to have this room done in gray, but do not know exactly how to go about it. All of the furnishings are to be new, with the exception of the brass bed and the matting on the floor.” People are awaking to the fact that gray, is one of the most soothing and satis- fying of colors to use in home decoration, and as it is the most neutral color we have, it combines well with almost any other color. For your guestroom we would suggest a gray and yellow color scheme, using a gray and white landscape paper or a two-toned gray striped paper, with stripes about two inches wide. If pictures are to be hung on the wall, the striped paper would be the best, as the landscape papers are so deco- rative in themselves that they do not make good backgrounds for pictures. The wood- work should be a deep cream and the ceiling tinted a light écru. Simple furniture with straight lines would be most appropriate for this room. Choose a model having legs that taper slightly as they reach the floor. Have the furniture painted in a soft gray, with a dull finish. A gray rug with a border design in yellow would look well on the floor, or if this is not obtainable, a gray rag rug with yellow stripes across the ends would be an excellent floor covering. These rugs are made in ex- actly the same manner as the old-fashioned rag carpets. At the windows should be hung curtains of coarse écru net, coming just to the sill. By introducing a beautiful golden yellow into this room you will bring in just the right color note to keep the scheme from becoming monotonous. Over-curtains of this yellow could be hung in straight folds at the windows, and, if you so desire, a val- ance could be added. A yellow spread, pil- low-covers, and valance for the bed, as well as small pads for the seats of the chairs, and a cover for the dresser, would enhance the beauty of this room. A heavy fabric with considerable body to it should be used, such as rep or brocade. It would add to the bed- spread and window-curtains if they were decorated with a band of plain gold galloon, placed about six inches from the edge. This color scheme can be varied by sub- stituting rose-pink or mulberry for the yel- low fabric. “LEAVENS MADE’ FURNITURE @ Makes its strongest appeal to people of taste and refine- ment. A large business of sup- plying the purchaser direct has been built upon the simple, ar- tistic lines of our designs, solid construction, and a variety of custom finishes, meeting every possible requirement of dis- criminating people. q A large assortment of Furniture in the natural wood or stained to suit the individual taste. Your choice of any of several finishes to harmonize with the color scheme of your rooms. @ Send for full set of illustrations, mailed upon request. | WM. LEAVENS & CO. Manufacturers 32 CANAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS. HOWARD Dustless Duster (25 Cents Prepaid) Makes possible ; a dustless home. Write for our Dust Book “A.” It’s free. It will show you how to make dusting a pleasure, how to dry clean a silk skirt in five minutes, how to | clean windows in a twinkling, to polish pianos and highly fin- ished furniture, to make cut glass look like diamonds, to make an old derby look like new. Money back if not satisfactory HOWARD DUSTLESS DUSTER CO. 164-34 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. HOWARD ““No Oil to Soil’’ xiii Liv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1911 tubs were successfully made, enam- BATH TUBS Before Imperial solid porcelain bath eled iron was the generally accepted material. in both Imperial solid Porcelain and enameled iron. class of work, however, Imperial let solid Porcelain 1s undeniably supe- rior for beauty, cleanliness durability. Its hard, surface, fired in the kiln at a heat which would fuse metal, can We makea complete line For the better snow-white MODERN PLUMBING To get a more complete idea of the possibilities of bathroom equipment send for our book- ““Modern Plumbing’. — It gives description and prices of the latest types of fixtures in and both Imperial Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware and Porcelain Enameled Iron. 24 illustra- tions show complete model be bathrooms ranging in_ price Sent on : see from $74 to $3000. kept spotless by simply wiping uP a pcloat . A < receipt of 4 cents to cover with a cloth or sponge. postage. Goh eee MOTT. TRON. WORKS BRANCHES ~ ue ‘ Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia Pittsburgh, 1828 EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 1911 Detroit. Minneapolis, Washington, St. Louis, nets TENUE , SY ENTEENT

Re C1 Mie WAY. CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal wi TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE GETTING GENUINE MOTT M@)TT WARE, LOOK FOR THE MOTT LABEL ON EACH PIECE DON'T COOK THE COOK use “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting “Tt makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for “‘Economy Way”’ Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. “Economy? Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous HES S SaNiTaRY LOCKER =| Lhe Only Modern, Sanitary 4 STEEL Medicine Cabinet orlocker finished in snow-white, baked everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned. Should Be In Every Bath Room Four styles—four sizes. To recess in wall or to hang outside. Send for illus- ¥ 2 trated circular. Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago The Recesred Stoel Makers of Steel Furnaces. Free Beoklet. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK OIST HANGERS AWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock Bisco ead RS assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES Co. Bolte Manuracturers ««» NEW HAVEN, CONN. FOR, A COLONIAL HOUSE , A New England correspondent writes: “We have just purchased a Colonial farm- house, and would like to have some sug- gestions as to color schemes for the dining- room and the living-room, opening into each other. We have some old mahogany furni- ture for both rooms and will add to it from time to time.” Your old farmhouse presents a very in- teresting problem, and by endeavoring to present its.old-time dignity and simplicity you will get results so delightful that you will feel well repaid for all the time you have expended on it. In both the living-room and the dining- room, we would have the woodwork painted a cream white, and tint the ceilings the same tone. The floors should be stained a dark brown and waxed, or, if the floors are not in good condition, they could be painted a dark brown. It would be well to use dark rugs, in which blues, browns and greens predominate, in both rooms, or rag-carpet rugs could be used instead. We would suggest your using a Colonial yellow paper in the dining-room, either plain or a two-toned stripe. This will make an excellent setting for your old Colonial furniture, and as you add other pieces, it would be advisable to purchase models that will harmonize with those which you al- ready have. The furniture designed by Heppelwhite and Sheraton are excellent models. ‘They would be especially fitting for your house, and inexpensive ones can be obtained almost anywhere. Old New England houses, such as yours, frequently had corner closets built in the two corners of the dining-room, on the same side as the mantelpiece. The doors should have diamond-shaped panes in the upper half, so that one can obtain a view of the old china within. Have the living-room papered with a plain sage-green paper, or one with a basket weave. The furniture should consist of a large table, to hold a lamp, magazines and books, chairs to match the old mahogany ones which you now have, a slant-top desk, and a winged chair by the fireside. An old mirror over the mantel, some candlesticks, a clock and andirons should furnish this part of the room in a dignified and appropriate manner. A BRICK TERRACE A correspondent writes relative to a brick house which she is planning: “We are undecided whether to have the usual covered piazza or to substitute a brick ter- race, which we want to use as an outdoor living-room during the Summer months.” By all means have a terrace instead of a covered piazza, as the former has many advantages over the latter. Owing to the fact that the terrace has no permanent cov- ering, it can be made wider and more com- modious than a piazza, the roof of which excludes the light from the rooms opening off of it during the winter months. The terrace should be constructed of bricks, laid in Flemish bond, with a gray stone balustrade, or the balustrade can be made of the bricks, with solid brick piers at regular intervals and at the corners. The piers should be capped by spheres of gray stone or cement, or large stone vases could be used at the corners if you care to go to that expense. The pavement of the terrace should be of bricks, laid in a herringbone pattern, or the square red Dutch tiles could be used. September, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS il fi ) NEW BOOKS , a 3 A Text-Book oF GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY. By Edwin O. Jordan, Ph.D. Second re- vised edition, Svo.; 594 pp.; illustrated. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saun- ders Company, 1910. Cloth, $3 net. The book is profusely and well illus- trated, and, since externals strike the eye first, it is perhaps not out of place in re- viewing the book to praise at the out- set its general arrangement and technical excellence. The care which has been be- stowed on these matters is but the out- ward symbol of an inner worth which is evidenced both in the manner of treat- ment and in the material presented. After an introductory chapter the author considers in order the technique of bacteri- ology, the structure, development and com- position of bacteria, the effect of physical and chemical agents upon them, and con- versely, the effects produced by bacterial growths upon their environment. A short chapter on the classification of bacteria may be said to conclude the first part of the book, dealing with the general facts of bacteri- ology. The chapters which follow, VII to XXX, deal specifically with bacteria and protozoa pathogenic in man. The remain- ing chapters deal with those aspects of bac- teriology which are of economical rather than medical interest. They include a con- sideration of the bacteria of milk; the bac- teriology of the “nitrogen cycle” in agri- culture, and in the economy of the living world; arts and industries depending on the action or exclusion of bacterial agents, such as the manufacture of leather, the cur- ing of tobacco, the preservation of food, etc. There is a chapter on the bacteria of air, soil and water, and, finally, one on bac- terial diseases of plants. An appendix is devoted to the consideration of infectious diseases of unknown causation. The statement on page 60 that Brownian movement is due to surface tension is hardly in keeping with recent developments of physics and of the Kinetic theory, in which this peculiar phenomenon has found a most interesting place. To the bac- teriologist this may not be a point of much importance, yet in view of the very con- siderable physical significance attached to the matter, and in the interest of scientific accuracy, the statement should be modified in later editions of this very excellent work. PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN OF AEROPLANES. By Herbert Chatley. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1911. Pocket Size. Price, 50 cents. Prof. Herbert Chatley’s latest work, “Principles and Design of Aeroplanes,” might have passed as fair ten years ago, but in the light of the increase in knowl- edge of aviation during the past few years, it is very inadequate. At present there are several Farman types, the H. Farman, M. Farman, etc., but in this book “Mr. Far- man’s machine,” referred to at great length, is none other than the old 1907 Voisin, and Prof. Chatley states that the majority of successful machines of to-day are of this type. The warping of the planes on the Wright machines is described as “twisting one of the planes so that the forward edge goes upward on one side of the center and downward on the other,” whereas the man- ner in which the front of a Wright machine remains perfectly rigid and the rear ends of the two planes are moved is now common LE Stained with Cabot's Shingle Stains. Davis, McGrath & Shepard, Arch'ts, N. Y. = oS Gaerne ae z: G i | Beautiful Interiors will be more beautiful if you equip the entire building with Morgar Doors—the lightest, strongest, most exquisitely grained doors made. are made in an especial way, from special woods, by special methods and machinery. hey are the best doors made and are specified by all up- to-date architects. Built of separate layers of wood with the grain running in opposite direc- tions. Shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN,” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Be sure your doors have a “MORGAN” stamp. New Edition—‘‘The Door Beautiful’’—Just Out Send fora copy of this beautiful book. It is full of page illustrations showing inter- iors with Morgan Doors and their sur- roundings. All styles of architecture are shown and the book contains valuable, artistic suggestions for the owner. Send For Your Copy Today Morgan Company, Dept.A, Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Merran Sach and Deor Comnany, Chicago Morgen M-liwer: (.mp-ny, Ealtimore, Vd. Morgan Doors are handled by deaiers who do not substiute The Advantages of Cabot’s Shingle Stains Soft, rich and artistic coloring effects. Cost less than half as much as paint. Can be quickly and easily applied by anyone, at half the cost of painting. Made of Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood. Guaranteed fast colors. Suitable and appropriate for the smallest bungalow or the finest residence. You can get Cabot's Stains all over the Country. Send Yor samples of stained wood and name of nearest agent. Samuel Cabot, Inc., Mfg. Chemist 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. bl H.BrookseCo:celee".0: Structural& Ornamental Steel Work FLOOReSIDEWALK LIGHTS. Senor CaTALoGues at If your vacation has been delayed till now, here is an ideal place to spend it. The even climate of Old Point guarantees freedom from cold, damp nights, which at this time of the year mar the evenings at most moun- tain and lake resorts. No flies—no mosquitoes. At The Cham- berlin you will enjoy Autumn’s splendors without Autumn’s discomforts. September is a most delightful month here tise HAMBERLIN | Old Point Comfort, Virgin ta All attractions—golf, tennis, fishing, dan- cing—choose your favorite recreation—en- joy it to the full under ideal conditions. The Chamberlin is situated right in the centre of military and naval activities—at Hampton Roads and Fortress Monroe, and in the very heart of a section teeming with historic association. Special Low Summer Rates sii// 77 force. For Booklets and full information, address GEO. F. ADAMS, Manaéger, Fortress Monroe, Va. ee ——————et New York Office, 1122 Broadway i AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, rg11 ! lila il! Bilig anny WEG anna ql eg it il mt Tn a rit! iil oe a mu ESE ES fo fl ITE UAUENN AN casutnat te iitad bee fed teehee Ch m| = RAILWAY EXCHANGE BUILDING--CHICAGO D, H. BURNHAM & CO., Architects M. J. CORBOY. Plumbing Contractor All Plumbing Goods for this Building were Manufactured by the L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of | Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm General Offices: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, Chicago DENVER Showrooms 111 N, Dearborn Street, Chicago TRENTON National Photo- Engraving Company q Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative Recording Thermometers Sheena: 2 oe BRISTOL’S For recording outdoor atmospheric tempera- tures. Recording Instrument installed indoors. Sensitive bulb in weather protecting lattice bex located outdoors. Write for Bulletin No. 124 giving full in- 14-16-18 Reade St, New York formation, THE BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn. T ELE) Pat OMNGEs Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" knowledge. The frontispiece, entitled “General Principles of the Aeroplane,” rep- resents a flat-planed affair with two revolva- ble planes at the front serving, evidently, as a rudder; between them is seated the ‘“aeronaut.” A steering plane is at the ex- treme front, and a queer-looking propeller at the rear, just in back of the two rear surfaces that are labeled “usually immov- able.” What ‘general principle” this is supposed to represent is certainly an enigma. In the discussion of theoretical matter no explanations of the action of cambered surfaces or of the movement of the center of pressure are given. A typical example of the absurdity of the entire book is the following: “The system introduced by Mr. Chanute of a longitudinal girder crossed by two transverse frames support- ing the planes is rather fragile when the weight is limited as at present, and Lang- ley’s frame is but little stronger. In fact, the late professor’s man-carrying machine came to grief (owing to collapse of guide- rails) before flight.” Confusing statements of this sort are worse than worthless. An- other choice specimen is this: “If a plane touches any obstacle during the flight, there is almost certain destruction of the whole machine. For this reason it seems desirable to reduce the speed.” No doubt we shall soon have “narrow-gage’ aeroplanes de- signed to fly through tight places! A re- freshingly amusing paragraph is the fol- lowing: “The plane has to carry, in addi- tion to its own weight, that of the prime mover and the propeller, together with other small items, such as aeronauts.” The continual use of the word “aero- naut” instead of the more usual “aviator” is to be condemned. Tue Bic GAME oF Arrica. By Richard Tjadler. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1910. - 8vo.; 364 pp. “Brice $3 net. Good books on hunting trips and ad- ventures in the “Dark Continent” are plentiful. The author’s apology for offer- ing to the public “The Big Game of Africa” is a desire to comply with the wishes of his many friends who have heard his lectures on Africa, and have repeatedly asked him to issue them in book form. The volume is not only a narrative of his own wander- ings and experiences in that continent, but is also intended to be a guide-book for those who are thinking of hunting in Africa, and also for those who are expect- ing to stalk game with camera or gun. The book is made up of the experiences of three expeditions in British East Africa, and con- tains the most reliable information that it is possible to obtain from others who have hunted in that wonderful game country, and from the natives, who themselves spend most of their time wandering among the big game of Africa. The book is beauti- fully bound and is an addition to any library. Tue Younc Etectrician. By Hammond Hall. New York: The Macmillan Com- pany, 1910. 8vo.; 289 pp.; illustrated. Price, $1.50 net. The author’s aim is to afford “instructive _amusement to intelligent boys.” Starting with the early discoveries and the first prin- ciples of electrical science, he leads the reader on through the simple experiments of attraction and repulsion, of the elec- troscope and the Leyden jar, to such pro- cesses as electrotyping and electroplating, and to such devices as the telegraph, the dynamo, and the necessary equipment for wireless telegraphy. U r\ Win rail t set it Sa You Owned the Goose that Laid the Golden Egg Wouldn’t You Insure It? F course you would! You are producing the golden nuggets for yourself and family. Your income earning power should be so protected by insurance that if any- thing happens, you and your family will be provided for. Accidents occur daily which destroy or impair the earning power of the individual. Accident Insurance today is so broad and the cost so small that it is a mystery why any man should carry his own risk. We will insure you against temporary disabilities as well as loss of life, limb or sight. Use this coupon, or ask your broker for particulars regarding accident in- surance. The Travelers Insurance Co. HARTFORD, CONN. Please send particulars regarding Ac- cident Insurance. Name Address VEE 2 HE most modern, and best illuminating and cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. - Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- ing or power engine in most efficient and economical manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. Send for Catalogue and Proposition. Low Price Liberal Terms C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. Better than City Gas or Eleo- tricity and at Less Cost. YA SS RAS VSS tect 2 oo Ure) £ eats ee EN = ach pS et ort Sy 5 > < “Sa, a orrrrtr sO eo Se L a= entoxt) (( tect) To pie Sahn! fl Fa. WEED, . CaN CEE 2 Double Tracking The Bell Highway Two of the greatest factors in modern civilization—the telephone and telegraph —now work hand in hand. Heretofore each was a separate and distinct system and transmitted the spoken or written messages of the nation with no little degree of efficiency. Co-operation has greatly increased this efficiency. The simple diagram above strikingly illus- trates one of the mechanical advantages of co-operation. It shows that six persons can now talk over two pairs of wires at the same time that eight telegraph operat- ors send eight telegrams over the same wires. With such joint use of equipment there is economy; without it, waste. While there is this joint use of trunk line plant by both com- panies, the telephone and tele- graph services are distinct and different. The telephone system furnishes a circuit and lets you do your own talking. It furnishes a highway of communication. The telegraph company, on the other hand, receives your message and then transmits and delivers it withoutyourfurther attention. The telegraph excels in carrying the big load of correspondence between distant centers of population; the telephone con- nects individuals, so that men, women and children can carry on direct conversations. Already the co-operation of the Western Union and the Bell Systems has resulted in better and more economical public _ service. Further improvements and economies are expected, until time and distance are annihilated by the universal use of electrical transmission for written or per- sonal communication. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES One Poliey Sample and Circular Free One System Universal Service A House Lined with Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. VERTICAL SECTION, yj. CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY ‘ .} oe eee oe a hoe ao gece eee HEN you plan the decorations in the new home say to your architect and painter, ‘‘ Wherever white enamel is used, | want it to be Vitralite over “P & L’ Enamel Undercoating.”’ If you insist on this, you will be satisfied when the work is done and for years afterwards, because Vitralite will not yellow, crack nor chip whether used on metal, wood or plaster, indoors or out. ‘The beautiful gloss or soft egg-shell finish will remain a smooth, un- broken coat of white—Vitralite never shows where the brush touched it. The Free Sample Panel, finished with Vitralite, and the Vitralite Booklet will prove it. Ask for them. The magnificent salons of the monster S. S. ‘‘Lusitania’’ and of the Great Lakes passenger vessel, ““‘Hamonic,’’ the ball-room of the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the New York Public Library, and the New Theatre are notable examples of the extensive use of Vitralite. Send for booklet, ‘The Finished Floor”—tells how to care for floors. Sample Panel finished with ‘‘61.?* Test it with hammer and heel. architect and painter when you write. AsnbstBuanstnoce ESTABLISHED 62 YEARS BrRIDGEBURG. CANADA Send for Booklet, “Decorative Interior Finishing” It tells all about Pratt & Lambert Varnishes and will guide you in selecting the right color effects in your decorating. There are other Pratt & Lambert Varnishes you want to know about. Here are two: **38’’ Preservative Varnish is the best for all interior woodwork except floors. Never cracks, blisters nor turns white from water. ‘‘38’’ preserves the natural beauty of the wood and prevents discoloration. “P & L’’ Spar Finishing Varnish is the only varnish to use on front doors, vestibules, boats, or wherever woodwork is exposed to the weather. Is unaffected by extremes of temperature or moisture. When you come to the question of finishing the floors, ‘“61’” Floor Varnish will solve the problem. ‘‘61” forms a tough, elastic surface that resists the wear of many feet. It is mar-proof, water-proof, heel-proof. Made especially to withstand better than any other finish the hard usage all floors receive. Ask for Mention name of If your dealer can not supply the *’P & L” Varnish you want, send direct to us at 119 Tonawanda St., Buffalo, N.Y. In Canada, 63 Courtwright St., Bridgeburg, Ont. LONDON HAM NA Aloe fa Remodeled Farmhouses Hoct OCTOBER, 1911 WIUINNeweO.. Inc.| Publishers PRICE 25 CENTS Vol. VIII, No. 10 NEW YORK, N. Y. $3.00 A YEAR GETTING READY FOR CAPPING le ALLEL DP UL LL TUTUTUWUUTUAT CU MUCCATEALU LC TTOLTULULUCUU CUTE UU T LOCO L LULU PL PLAC LLL BUSINESS MEN ARE NOT TREE EXPERTS nO ONE EXPECTS THEM TO BE Most of their time is taken up with industry and commerce—in making and buying and selling. They know in a general way the value of the trees—tree value is becoming evident to every one. But they too often take it for granted that the trees are attending to their own business and thriving, whereas all trees need care, many require treatment. Looking After Trees Is The Business Oi The Davey Tree Experts Tree Surgeons are trained under the direction of John Davey, “Father of Tree Surgery,”’ and operate under the scientific system devised by him after years of patient toil among the trees and plants. They know the needs of every tree, and are skillful in saving tree life. Where trees are diseased or decayed or injured, they treat them successfully and save thou- sands that would otherwise die. MOLINE PLOW CO., of Moline, III. Moline, Il]., March 13, 1911. I beg to advise you that my trees are looking very good. Some of the old elms in the front of my property were beginning to deteriorate. I think with the treatment you have given them they will come through all right and remain live sentinels for many, many years, shielding my residence from too great familiarity of the hot summer suns. { look upon the work with very great satisfaction and am glad every time I look at the trees that they have had your scientifically intelligent attention. Most sincerely, GEO. A. STEPHENS. The Davey Tree Experts work under the direction of a responsible business organization, which guarantees their work as to quality. Whether or not you have had experience with tree butchers or irresponsible tree men, you are invited to become familiar with the work of real experts. Booklets giving full information will be mailed free to anyone having an estate which has on it a number of fine trees. Write to-day—it is possible that we can arrange to have your trees inspected within a short time, without expense to you and without plac- ing vou under obligation. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. 1210 ASH STREET, KENT, OHIO (Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery) Funtss FINE FuRNITURE MAKING A NEW HOME OUT OF THE OLD A little money judiciously expended at "Flint’s" will accomplish much in the refurnishing of a new home of artistic character from an old one furnished in mediocre taste. Those whose plans must be governed largely by cost will find in our exhibit of new patterns for Fall, inexpensive designs which afford the broadest opportunity for individual taste in selection and values which must leave undisputed the fact that Flint Prices are uniformly LOW. Our TRADEMARK and SEVENTY YEARS’ REPUTATION 13s your GUARANTEE. Geo. C. FLINT Co. 43-47 WEsT 23“ ST. 24-28 WEsT 24° ST. HULVUWUAIIUUUCYOOUQUUUEOTUEUU UAC VEU UAT QLVNWUQVUOUWOUUOVDALIUUOVOVUIUDUUUDTO PACED UNH Simm "THE COMPLETED FILLING Handy Man’s Workshop and Laboratory Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations Price, $2.00 Postpaid A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practica] Man VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- K fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or “‘kinks”’ as they are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things - about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine chapters, under the following headings : I., Fitting up-a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents ; IV., The Handy Man in the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. MUNN & co., Inc. 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK October, 1911 TWO ALL-ROUND DOGS FOR THE FARM OR COUNTRY PLACE By T. C. TURNER VERYONE who has lived on a farm— E; I mean by this a real farm, where the owner or occupant is making his living from its products—is familiar with the havoc that rats and many other vermin play in the poultry yard, the stable and the barnyard. hey rob the henhouses, kill the young chicks, destroy the cattle feed, and house themselves in the winter in the corncrib. Indeed, they are a menace in so many ways that the farmer is continu- ally striving to get rid of them. The safest and best method of keeping away such pests is the introduction on the farm of a dog of the right sort. Most every farmer keeps one or more dogs, either for protec- tion or, if he can spare the time, for a little shooting in the fall and winter, a dog such as the pointer, setter, or spaniel, one that can accompany him and be of service when he sets forth for recreation with a gun. But none of these dogs has the instinct or ability to hunt vermin. For such a purpose nothing will do but the terrier, and of his various types, the best I know of is the bull-terrier, for in him we have the master of rat-catchers. He has been bred for gen- erations for this work, and his lines betoken a dog keen to the scent as edge to the razor, and a dog combining with his small size unusual strength. To be of good type, the bull-terrier should have a long head, strong level jaws, black eyes and nose, his skull should be wide between the ears, which should be small, a long neck, straight fore legs, moderately small feet, close toes, some- what narrow chest, long body, powerful loins, and muscular thighs, a tail not too long and well tapered, and a fine coat. His color should be white, but a small splash of yellow or black on the head will indicate no detriment to his general utility, and would only count against him on the show bench. Such a dog could be purchased at a lower price from many breeders and would be none the less active for his work on the farm or country place with such markings. He should be left to roam at large among the stables, barns and outhouses, and when he has cleared them of their undesirable tenants, the few that escape his powerful jaw will warn the rest that it is no good district to visit. In addition to his special ability as a rat and vermin killer, the bull- terrier is an excellent watch dog, but in the country where areas are nearly unlimited, a larger dog may be kept to fill this partic- ular requirement—a setter or pointer, for instance. The watch dog question is an important one where a farm or country place is in an outlying district, as many of them are, perhaps two or three miles from a neighbor, and five or six from a village, which must, from time to time, be visited, and in consequence the farm be left, often entirely alone. I know of a farm in the foot- hills of the Catskills where a half-bred collie has been trained to be one of the most perfect watch dogs I ever saw. When his master and mistress are at home he takes his leisure, but so soon as the horses are harnessed and the carriage leaves the place he goes directly to the house, takes up his position on the porch, and never leaves that spot until the horses drive up the home road; then he is half-way down the drive to meet them before you hardly notice him, for he knows their footsteps as distinguished from any strange horses. This same dog, with the true instinct of bis collie parent, will fetch in the cows when they are wanted; all that is necessary is for him to receive orders from head- quarters, and the cows are soon at home. € A AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fall Planting and Furnishing The October Fall Planting and Furnishing number of HOUSE & GARDEN is of extraordinary value and timeli- ness, in bringing to the reader in concise illustrated form the things to be done in the Autumn, both indoors and out, With a thousand suggestions for enhancing the beauty of the garden and the attractiveness ofthe house. Bulbs must be planted, certain stock should be set out, much cul- tivating has to be done, and indoors there is furnishing, interior decorating and a multitude of things to do in rela- tion to which you can draw from the experiences of others. We want you to know House & Garden and as a Special Inducement offer INEXPENSIVE HOMES OF INDIVIDUALITY--FREE Inexpensive Homes of Individuality is a little book of 64 pages containing 108 illustrations and floor plans of the best houses of moderate size built to-day. It olfers an ex- Hil- ceptional opportunity-of studying in detail some of the best designed smaller houses of various architectural types the country over, ranging in cost from two to eight thou- gand dollars. It is printed on the best stock, superbly illus- trated and contains an introduction on the “‘Choice of a Style for the Country or Suburban Home” by Frank Miles Day, past president of the American Institute of Architects. An enclosure of 25 cents and the mention of American Homes and Gardens Will bring you October HOUSE & GARDEN and Inexpensive Homes of Individuality, postpaid. (rifty cents is the regular selling price when purchased separately.) ‘McBRIDE, NAST & CO., 449 Fourth Ave., N.Y. LAMY lll ANDING SEAM fence ROOF IRONS CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELRHIA PATENTED The Schilling Press | Book Art and a Press Catalog Vv; Work Work A Specialty 137-139 E. 25th St., New York Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1} il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 ee OR Real Extate Mart CONNECTICUT For Rent Unfurnished No. 198. Colonial Mansion, Stone and Frame Construction. Interior attractively arranged, 21 rooms (8 Master’s Rooms and 6 Servants’ Rooms), 9 Baths. Grounds cover 20 Acres. Gardens, Terraces, Lawn Tennis Court, Expansive Lawns, High Ground. Large Stable and Carriage House. THOMAS N. COOKE Real Estate Agency CONNECTICUT ~ You can find that Ss Country Place Aa y > | Vv Ss. or Kstate os (Shore or Inland) VD you have been seeking ¥ Every courtesy and all pains taken to assist in your selection. Laurence Timmons Opposite R. R. Station Telephone 456 Greenwich, Conn. At Stamford,Gonn. LARGE AND SMALL FARMS SHORE AND COUNTRY HOMES BEAUTIFUL BUILDING SITES OVER- LOOKING THE SOUND E. P. JORDAN, 26,28" Bow Stamford, Conn. RHODE ISLAND S H aie A Summer Home sireain AT JAMESTOWN, R. I. A beautifully situated Summer Cottage—12 rooms and bathroom. Completely furnished throughout. Half an acre of land. Magnifi- cent sea views. Rights on bathing beach. To close an estate, will sell for $4,350. Write to A. O. D. TAYLOR 122 Bellevue Ave. Newport, R. I. VIRGINIA pm eo ey [y4: O 99 Twin Oaks Farm This beautiful Virginia Estate of about 180 acres, located within three miles of Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia, on Macadamised read, is offered for sale at a most attractive figure. The residence built of stone and frame consists of 13 rooms and two baths. Lighted by Acetylene gas, heated by furnace, is one of the handsomest residences in Virginia and mcst complete in all cetail. It is situated on a hill commanding a superb view of tte surrounding valley and mountains. Complete coach house, poultry house, sanitary cow barn, hog houses, meat house, servants’ quarters with bath, laundry, milk rcom, etc. Large farm bams and tenant houses. The land is mest fertile and well fenced, amply watered. This farm is just about as near a perfect Country Estate as can be found. No remodeling, no repaifs necessary, Ready to move in and enjoy the delightful Virginia Country life. For full particulars, illustrated booklet, etc., wnite to, HARRY M. HUBBELL Warrenton, Fauquier Co., Virginia Telephone 430 GREENWICH, CONN. Smith Building Poultry, Pet aud Liue Stork Birertory ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN CUR PARK | We carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres of land entirely devoted to our business. Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafow], Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches, Orna- mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges, Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer, } Rabbits, ete., for stocking preserves. Good | healthy stock at right prices. Write us what you want. WENZ & MACKENSEN Proprietors of Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park Dept. “A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa. RAT Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c., 3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 Killed by Science DANYSZ VIRUS INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 FRONT ST., NEW YORK Do You Want to Purchase A Home ? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. FURNISHING THE POULTRY HOUSE By E. I. FARRINGTON N the houses of the most successful poul- try keepers the furnishings are very simple. Nestboxes and perches, as well as utensils for feeding and watering the birds, are essentials. In many cases dropping-boards are included, especially in houses owned by amateurs. Sometimes it is convenient to have a coop for breaking up broody hens, and when open-front houses are used it is often well to have a muslin-covered frame so arranged that it may be dropped in front of the perches on very cold nights. It is important that all the furnishings be made detachable, so that they may be taken out of the house occasionally and thor- oughly cleaned. Only in this way can the house be kept free of insect pests. The warfare on lice must needs be an incessant one. The house should be whitewashed twice a year, or else sprayed with kerosene or one of the patent lice exterminators. The best plan is to use a spray pump, which will force the liquid into every hole and corner. The perches should be taken out frequently and washed off with kerosene. The perches should be made of two-inch stuff and slightly rounded at the upper cor- ners. If several are used, they should be on the same level. The old-time plan of placing them ladder-fashion was wrong, for it is the tendency of a hen to roost on the highest elevation she can find, so that all the fowls try to crowd upon the highest perch and are not comfortable. The perches should be about three feet above the floor of the house and rest in a slotted board at each end, in which case it is not necessary that they should be nailed in place. It is always best to have them at the rear of the house, so that they will be farthest away from the windows. If there are dropping-boards they should be about a foot below the perches. They are a little easier to clean if they slant some- what toward the front. The purpose of dropping-boards is to promote cleanliness, but this purpose is not attained unless they are cleaned frequently. Coal ashes or a lit- tle earth is sometimes sprinkled on the boards to help keep down any odor which may arise. Dropping-boards are necessary if it is desired to save the unmixed drop- pings for the garden, or to sell to tanneries, as is the practice in some sections. Many practical poultry keepers, however, prefer not to use boards, but see to it that the droppings are thoroughly incorporated with the earth under the perches. In this way the amount of labor is lessened, and the results are not unsatisfactory in houses where earth floors are used. An upright board is sometimes used to prevent the droppings from becoming mixed with the litter in which the fowls scratch. If peat can be obtained and placed under the perches there is absolutely no need of using boards, but under ordinary conditions the average amateur thinks it somewhat neater to use them. Still, they have no place in some of the ready-made houses now being so widely adopted. The nestboxes may be placed on the side of the house or under the dropping boards, if the latter are used. Each nest ought to be about twelve inches square at the bottom and ten inches high. It is the general belief that the hens prefer dark- ened nests—a sort of hereditary tendency, dating from the period when they were obliged to hide their nests—and so nest- boxes are usually so arranged that they must be entered from the rear. In practice, how- ever, it is found that hens lay equally well October, rg1t Sratned with Cabot's Shingle Stains Aymarc Embury IT, Architect, Englewood, N.J. You Are Sure of Cabot’s Shingle Stains They have been the standard for more than twenty-five years, and are specified by nine- tenths of the architects, who know them from experience. Their colors are soft, rich and beautiful, and guaranteed fast. Their vehicle is Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood, and they contain no kerosene or other cheapener. Why experiment with unknown stains, when you are sure of Cabot’. If a substitute 1s used on your house you are the loser. You can get Cabot's Stains 2/1 over the country Send for samples and the name of nearestagent SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. Manufacturing Chemists 131 Milk Street SONG POEMS MAKE MONEY 22% rozns compositions. Success means fame and cash. No experience necessary. $10,000 recently paid for a popular song. Send us your work or write for FREE PARTICULARS. We want original song poems, with or withozt music. H. Kirkus Dugdale Co., Desk 118, Washington, D. C. Boston, Mass. WRITING Bristol’s Recording Thermometers ’ Continuously and automatically record indoor and outdoor atmos- pheric temperatures. Useful and ornamental for country homes. Write for illustrated Bulletin No. 124 and No. 125. ~ THE BRISTOL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut P The ? benefits of outdoor life but none of its discomforts, are realized in The Burlington Venetian Blind In your windows it makes your room delight- fully cool. Enclose your porch with the Burlington Venetian Blind and you have added a healthful out-of-door room to your home. The Burlington Venetian Blind can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun. The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only. ~ Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles, will be mailed to you on request. Burlington Venetian Blind Co. 339 Lake St. Burlington, Vt. in ordinary boxes attached to the wall. A common orange crate makes a good double nest. Screw-eyes may be inserted so that it can be hung to hooks on the wall and re- moved ina moment. The nests should not be over two and a half feet above the floor, or the hens may be injured when they jump down. Some people laugh at nest eggs, and yet they do a real service in inducing the hens to use all the nests, as well as persuading pullets to deposit their eggs in the place de- signed to receive them, instead of some spot of their own selection—perhaps a cor- ner on the floor. Medicated eggs are some- times used to keep the nests free of vermin. The coop for breaking up broody hens is built with slats on three sides and the bottom. It should be large enough for a hen to move about in comfortably, and may be fastened to the wall high enough to be out of the way. Confined in such a pen and given plenty to eat and drink, a hen soon loses her desire to sit. A slatted floor is not adapted to incubation, as she no doubt quickly perceives. There is no need of starving a hen which is broody, or of dip- ping her in a bucket of water, or of follow- ing any of the cruel practices formerly in favor. It is needless to say that when the Mediterranean breeds are kept, a breaking- up pen is not necessary, as the hens of those breeds seldom become broody. A muslin curtain to drop in front of the perches at night is not required except in very cold climates. Where the temperature runs low it is desirable, especially when the hens have long combs, as the combs are easily frosted. The usual plan is to have a light frame hinged to the top of the house, so that it can be dropped in front of the roosts, resting against the dropping-board platform. The frame is covered with plain muslin and fastened up out of the way dur- ing the day. Indeed, it should not be lowered at night except when the weather is very cold—fifteen degrees or more below freez- ing. When this device is used, the dropping- boards should extend to the rear wall of the house, making a tight roosting closet. It is well to bore a number of holes in the top of the curtain frame for ventilation. Many poultrymen use simply a curtain of burlap strung on a wire, and, as a matter of fact, such a curtain is protection enough in most sections of the country, even when open-front houses are used. When it comes to the matter of feeding and watering devices, there is wide diversity of opinion. Here again, however, simplic- ity is undoubtedly best. Tin watering dishes should be ruled out, because they become rusty. Earthenware is most desirable for summer, because water stays cool for a long time in dishes of this material. Prob- ably galvanized iron is best for winter. Much work is saved by using self-feeding water fountains. They cost from fifteen cents to half a dollar if purchased at the stores, but a good one can be made by in- verting a tomato can in a flower pot saucer, first punching a small hole near the top of the can, so that it will be just below the surface when the saucer is full of water. Then the water will run into the saucer as fast as it is required by the fowls. The tomato can is tin, to be sure, but such cans are so plentiful that they may be replaced as often as they become rusty. Self-feeding hoppers for grain, beef scraps, and grit have been in common use for several years. They operate on the same plan as the drinking device just de- scribed, but may be made large enough to contain all the grain and other feeding material which may be needed for a week. Some poultrymen rely almost entirely on AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 111 A TMA tk When you select a book- case that combines the feat- 2 ures of convenience, beauty |— and protection of books, you han MY will decide upon one of the g many styles in le Slobe-Wernicke Bookcases Rare editions and delicate bindings —as well as valuable books of all kinds should be stored in their dust- RY RaW 0 punto! Hee proof non-collapsible units, because in case of fire each unit can be quickly removed to a place of safety with their contents intact. Globe SWeenicke Units are made in many different styles and finishes to harmonize with appropriate interiors. Carried in stock by nearly 1,500 -e agents, but where not represented we ship on approval, freight paid. A} A eh a Complete catalog, illustrated in colors, and a copy of “The Blue Book of Fiction” by Hamilton W. Mabie, containing lists of the world’s best stories published in English, mailed on request. Address Dept. A.H. The Globe “Wernicke Cg, Cincinnati Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St. Boston 91-93 Federal Street Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. Washington, 1218-1220 F St. N.W. v Re tment ith V3 THREAD are made seam- cand — be cibure yest iTH READ THRUM inanywidthupto ano | RUGS = 16 FEET THRUM and in any length, color or combin- ation of colors. 65 regular shades RUGS — —any other shading madeto match. Send for color card and name of nearest dealer. Thread & Thrum Work Shop Auburn, N. Y. ““You choose the colors, we'll make the rug.”’ Why Help Make the Plumber Rich? Stoppage in waste pipes causes 90% of plumbing troubles. Partial stoppage is even worse, the collected matter lying unnoticed to breed poisonous gases. Don’t send for the plumber. Geta Little Giant Lift and Force Pump which is guaranteed to remove the most obstinate obstructions from and thoroughly clean all drain pipes. Noskill needed No bucket, hose or other toolneeded Used by U. S. Government, School Boards, Hospitals, etc. Made of heavily polished brass and_ pure rubber. Lasts a lifetime. 30-Day Free Trial Offer Send me §5 fora Little Giant Pump, express prepaid, Keep it 30 days. Then, if you are not entirely satisfied and pleased, return pump at my expense and your money will be refunded at once. Ask your dealer or send direct. Booklet free. Representatives wanted. J. E. KENNEDY, 41 A10 Park Row, New Yor; iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS te Where Smiles and Fresh Air Are Unknown A Family ‘‘Playground” in the New York Tenement District. "THOUSANDS of babies and nursing mothers are too sick to be taken to our fresh air homes, Sea Breeze, Junior Sea Breeze and Caroline Rest. We must therefore care for them at their tenement homes. $5.00 will buy pure milk for a sick baby for a month. $10.00 will restore a nursing mother to health. Hundreds of Babies have been Saved and Mothers Restored to Health by the A. I. C. P. Don’t ignore the generous impulse to HOW MANY WILL YOU HELP? give until it is too late. JIMMIE NEEDS NEW SHOES FOR SCHOOL He hasn’t been wearing any during vacation because the pair he wore to school last year are now soleless. Teacher won't allow him inside the school barefooted. Father earns hardly enough, after paying the rent for a few rooms, to buy the bare necessities of life for Jimmie’s brothers and sisters. “This distressing combination of circumstances threatens Jimmie’s educa- tion. How would you like to have your children go to school or work in Jimmie’s shoes? The A. I. C. P. knows of thou- sands of needy and deserving boys and girls who must have shoes for school. Last year it spent for shoes alone nearly $7,000. WON’ T YOU HELP JIMMIE? A SUGGESTION: As A. 1. C. P. Visitors FIND THEM As A.1.C. P. Nurses LEAVE THEM Have a lawn party or a children’s fair to help these poor families. Write for literature. Send gifts to R. S. MINTURN, Treasurer 105 East 22nd Street NEW YORK United Charities Building Ao eo okt, diese Te The Shoes that Jimmie Left and Those He Received. New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor R. FULTON CUTTING, PRESIDENT Monoplanes and Biplanes Their Design, Construction and Operation The Application of Aerodynamic Theory, with a Complete Description and Comparison of the Notable Types By Grover Cleveland Loening, B.Sc., A.M., C.E. nating subject has been handled largely, either in a very “ popular’’ and more or less incomplete manner, or in an atmosphere of mathematical theory that puzzles beginners, and is often of little value to aviators themselves. There is, consequently, a wide demand for a practical book on the subject-~ a book treating of the theory only on its direct relation to actual aeroplane design and completely setting forth and discussing the prevailing practices in the construction and operation of these machines. ‘‘ Monoplanes and Biplanes”’ is a new and authoritative work that deals with the subject in precisely this manner, and is invaluable to anyone interested in aviation. It covers the entire subject of the aeroplane, its design, and the theory on which its design is based, and contains a detailed description and discussion of thirty- eight of the more highly successful types. 12mo., (6x8™% inches) 340 pages, 278 illustrations. Atttractively bound in cloth. Price $2.50 net, postpaid An illustrated descriptive circular will be sent free on application. Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York if the many books that have already been written on aviation, this fasci- October, 1911 these feeders, giving grain by hand only once a day or less frequently. It is worth while for the amateur who has but little time to devote to his fowls to study the question of hopper feeding, although, on general principles, it is better to use a method which compels the poultry keeper to spend more time in the company of his fowls, so that the birds will become tame and friendly. It is an easy matter to make a self-feed- ing hopper from a soapbox. An examina- tion of such a feeder at one of the stores will be enough to make the principle plain. Whether hoppers are used for feeding grain or not, they are convenient receptacles for grit, oyster shells and beef scraps, which it is desirable to keep before the fowls at all times. Small hoppers with three compart- ments may be bought at small cost. Sometimes there is loss of, grain from the thievery of rats. In such cases it is well to use a kind of feeder which has a wire frame on top, the mesh being large enough so that the hens can get their bills through it without trouble. A simple but very satisfactory feeder may be made of an ordinary box, having a square of one-inch poultry netting cut to slide easily up and down inside the box. This square of poultry netting is placed on the grain, and follows it down to the bot- tom of the box as it is consumed. The fowls are able to eat freely, but cannot scratch the grain out of the box and so waste it. In order to provide as much floor space as possible, most of the furnishings of the poultry house should be out of the way. The water pan, for instance, may be set on a shelf about a foot above the floor. The dishes containing oyster shell, grit and charcoal, if the last is given, may be set on shelves, also. The hens will jump up on the shelves to get what they need) IJt%s best, however, to have the hoppers or boxes in which the grain is fed on the floor of the house, where they will be easily accessible. Altogether, the furnishings of the poul- try house should receive their full share of attention, when a new house is_ being planned or equipped, but complicated de- vices of all kinds should be shunned, and nothing employed which will interfere with the easy performance of the attendant’s duties and the frequent cleaning of the house in a most thorough way. CONCRETE WALL Forms. By A. A. Hough- ton. New York: The Norman W. Henley Publishing Company, 1910. 62 pp.; illustrated. Price, 50 cents. This is No. 1 of a series of concrete workers’ reference books, and explains the construction of the various types of wall forms, clamps, separators, and spacers for reinforcement, treating also of founda- tions, retaining walls, the placing of floor joints, molding water tables and window ledges, and the molding of fireproof walls. The automatic wall clamp, which is clearly described and illustrated, permits of build- ing without difficulty monolithic walls with a continuous air chamber. As the general interest in concrete construction is increas- ing steadily any literature on the subject will be welcomed by the homemaker, October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v THE ARCHITECTS SERVICES By CHARLES K. FARRINGTON O matter how small an amount of work you may wish to have done, it is always the best policy to employ a competent architect to draw up plans and specifications for it, and to supervise its construction. The cost of an architect’s serv- ices is very small, and the benefit derived from them is great. A certain Mr. A., as an example, decided to make a small exten- sion off his laundry, which was on the first floor just back of the kitchen, and it was to be no larger than was necessary to serve as a servants’ bathroom. The construction cost was $200. At ten per cent. the archi- tect’s fee would have amounted to $20 for planning and supervising. But Mr. A. thought he w ould effect a saving by draw- ing up his own plans and specifications, and decided not to employ the services of an architect. Having completed his plans to his great satisfaction, he received a num- ber of estimates on them from carpenters, masons, plumbers and painters. He se- lected the lowest, and in due time the ex- tension was completed, and he congratu- lated himself on what he considered his success. A few months later, however, cold weather set in, and one frosty morning the water in the supply pipes in the exten- sion froze, and later on the pipes burst. causing a good deal of damage. Mr. A.’s plumber was sent for (let me here mention that he had not been the lowest bidder on the extension and so had not obtained the contract), and he made an examination, after repairing the damaged pipes, quickly discovering the cause of the water's freez- ing. He found that a large amount of cold air constantly entered betw een the founda- tion and the beams resting upon it, and told Mr. A. that it would be necessary for him to have the matter attended to to prevent a repetition of the trouble. But Mr. A. was not satisfied with the plumber’s reasoning, and after making an attempt to investigate himself, sent for an architect acquaintance, to whom he divulged his misgivings. He frankly told the architect how he had en- deavored to make a saving by dispensing with his services, and asked him to make a thorough examination of the whole trouble, for all that the plumber had told him while making the repairs to the pipes had rather shaken his confidence in the entire work. The archiect did so, and then desired him to show him the “specifications” he had drawn up. After reading them, he request- ed the owner to go with him and view the work, outside and in. “We will start with the tin roof,’ said the architect. “I notice you simply men- tioned in your specifications that the roof was to be a tin one. You have a tin roof, but it is constructed of the cheapest kind of tin, and it is doubtful how long it will last, even though you keep it well painted. You stated that your extension was to con- tain a two-foot-six by four-foot-six win- dow, but you did not specify the thickness of the sash, and I find that an inch and one- quarter sash has been given you instead of inch and one-half. Inch and one-quarter ones are too light to use for a window of this size, which is in constant use; and I also note that the lights of glass are di- vided, which, of course, spoils the appear- ance of the entire window, both from the outside and from within. You called for the extension to be ceiled with ‘North Caro- lina pine,’ but you did not specify the width nor the grade, and [ find that a poor lot of material has been given you. Had you only mentioned that the material was to be Old Wood Paneling, Oxford, England is responsible for a most impor- tant share of distinction of inte- rior woodwork in this country. Not only the hard woods, but more especially the easily pro- cured Red Gum, Cypress and other less expensive woods, attain a permanent finish of refinement Samples Supplied Free Johnson’s Under-Lac—better than any shellac or varnish, T IS remarkable to note the beauty and variety of the woodwork in our modern American Homes. The noblespecimens of English woodwork exampled by our illustration are not surprising. England has always been a 43 timber-using country, and such 7} workmanship is the result of centuries of development. It zs surprising to enter our modest, newly built homes where | inexpensive woods are employed, where short-time building con- tracts have limited the niceties of carpentry, and to find woodwork | worthy of our sincere admiration. Johnson’s Wood Dye and beauty by the use of Johnson’s Wood Dye. If you are interested in finishing or refinishing any in- terior woodwork including floors and furniture let us mail to you our Illustrated Booklet A.H.10, rec- ognized by craftsmen everywhere as an authority on finishing wood- work, floors and furniture. Wood Dye—made in fifteen shades, also Johnson's and Johnson’s Prepared Wax for obtaining a soft, dull finish, are put up in trial packages which your local paint dealer will furnish you without charge. Failing to find them, send us your dealer’s name and we will see that you are supplied with the particular shade you wish to try—FREE. S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. “The Wood Finishing Authorities’’ Van Dorn Iron Works Co. ‘PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND. OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! ™ Ventilate your rooms, yet have your Ed windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock li assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. BoLe NEW HAVEN, CONN, MANUFACTURERS oss DONT COOK THE COOK use “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting “It makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for ‘“Economy Way” Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Economy ’’ Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous HESS sara: LOCKER SS == TheOnly Modern, Sanitary STEEL Niediines Cabinet or locker finished in snow-white, baked everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps. shrinks, Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned. ; : Should Be In Every Bath Room Four styles—four sizes. nor swells. To recess in wall or to hang outside. Send for illus- trated circular. The Recessed Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chieage Medicine Cabinet J/akers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Boo The owner said he did not know that such big trees could be bought. He had planted his place with little trees of the ordinary sizes. He was de- lighted to find that $45.00 in- vested in Hicks’ trees would saved him ten years. Our grandfathers built their resi- dences where the trees were. Nowadays you have to bring the trees wherever the resi- dence is. Hicks’ large trees and choice shrubs will convert an unprotected, unbeautiful place like the one below into PROTECT Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a charming possession like the one above, and do it at once. The second summer it will look as if it had been established Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury, Long Island — —— 7 sting sunniturr sy JUNE? BUGT OUD) Are You Willing To Wait 15 Years For Your Trees To Grow Up Like These, When You Can Buy Hicks’ Trees Already Grown? thrive. for years. your trees You can have your choice of Hicks’ Maples, Lin- dens, Catalpas, Pines, Cedars § and Spruces. No risk in buying Hicks’ large trees, for Hicks’ trees Come to the Nursery and talk i and select the foliage is on them. now, and we will plant them for you in October. even so big as 25 feet high and with 16 feet spread can safely be shipped by ail. can't come to the nursery then send for the catalog, and bear in mind that the fall is the time for such tree planting. with us, while Do it over Trees If you Cost $2, 500 CHARLES H.SPERRY, Architect, New York, N.¥ Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains Bring out the grain of the wood and prolong it’s life. 50 per cent. cheaper and far more artistic than paint. The best possible finish of shingles, half timbering, clapboards and all outside woodwork. Made of finest Eng- lish ground colors, linseed oil and special Dexter preserving oils. Write for booklet and stained miniature shingles. DEXTER BROS. CO., 113 Broad St., Boston, Mass. Branches: 1133 Broadway, New York, 218 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. Also Makers of Petrifax Cement Coating. AGENTS: F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; E. B. Totten, St. Louis; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane and Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore. ; Sherman Kimball, San Francisco; Hoffschlager & Co., Honolulu; and DEALERS. postpaid for This is one of a choice collection of 40 houses. bungalows and cottages illustrated and described in “HOMES OF CHARACTER” a book of artistic and practical house designs, which are tor sale at moderate prices. Sent Descriptive Circular 2 cents. JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect 1245 Williamson Bldg. $1 00 Stainbrings out the grain, gives a soft, velvety appearance. Paint hides the grain, spoilsthe natural surface of the wood. Clevetand, 0. | October, 1911 ‘clear,’ you would have had a wood which would have presented a fine appearance when it was varnished. As it is, the general effect is very poor. The bathtub is not first-class; you simply said ‘a white enam- eled tub,’ but did not mention the type or the quality of grade you required. The faucets are also poor. Again you did not specify quality or type. There are many high grades of bathtubs and fixtures on the market, any of which would have given you good satisfaction. In regard to the freezing of the water in the supply pipes and traps, your plumber was nearly right in his theory as to the cause. The cold air does enter between the beams and _ the foundation, where it should not. Cement, or some other material, should have been used to make the joints tight. Your foun- dation does not run under the entire ex- tension. This method of construction should never have been followed in this case, as the room above was required to be kept at a moderate degree of temperature at all times to prevent the water in the pipes from freezing. A double floor, with insu- lating material between, should also have been used to make the room warmer. It will cost a great deal of money to make the changes and improvements I have men- tioned, but it is absolutely necessary for you to make some of them in order to pre- vent further damage to your pipes. The cost of making them in the first place would have been small, but now so much time and additional material are required that it can- not fail to be considerable. You paid enough to have received a perfectly satis- factory job all the way through, and I very much regret that you did not get it.” Mr. A. thanked the architect and made the extension as near cold-proof as possible. Ife spent many times the amount he saved on the architect's fee in so doing. He em- ploys an architect now, no matter what new work he desires done about the house, and gladly pays the bill for his services. His architect explained to him later that it was the architect’s business to keep informed about all the improvements that are being made continually in all materials used for building purposes, and also in methods of construction. He told Mr. A. of the new de- vices for making houses fire-proof; the latest types of steam, hot water and hot air furnaces, all of which, of course, save coal and give better heat with far less attention; the new devices in plumbing fixtures and methods of installing, and many other de- tails of house furnishing and construction, too numerous to mention here. It should be remembered in this connec- tion that the average owner is too busy with his business affairs to keep informed about such matters, and also that he cannot know whether it is best to use certain of the improvements appearing from time to time or not. The prospective home builder should obtain the disinterested advice which any competent and reliable architect can al- ways give. Money spent for the archi- tect’s fee is always well spent. In conclu- sion, the reader’s attention may be called to the fact that an architect can always settle any dispute which may arise between the owner and the contractors concerning _ any work which is being done more easily than can the owner himself. The architect, from long experience, possesses much knowledge about such matters. The owner does not ; consequently he is at a disadvant- age when attempting to carry his point. An owner acting as an architect often finds this out to his cost, and so one must reach the inevitable conclusion that advice is worth its cost. October, I911 Ce). om fas) a. ae SE Za — rn THANKSGIVING NUMBER ic November number of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS will present an unusually attractive table of contents. The country dweller and the automo- bile will be the subject of an article out of the ordinary, one of as much interest to those who do not own motor cars, as it will surely prove to be to those who do. Greenhouse con- struction will be presented by a practical writer and an authority on the subject of the small greenhouse for the man of moderate means. A finely illustrated article on the choice of a dog for the country home will be appropriate to the season when country dwellers give especial thought to such matters. How a woman artist planned her home and built for herself a delightful studio nook in the Catskills forms an entertaining article full of helpful sug- gestions to those who contemplate co-operating with their architects in the evolution of the house plan, or think of becoming their own architects. A Thanksgiving dinner and the dishes that compose it will be described and illustrated in the new ‘‘Helps to the Housewife” department, along with other articles of practical and helpful interest. In the No- vember issue the architectural articles will be especially attractive—a valuable aid to every home builder and home- maker. This issue and subsequent issues will be rich in illustrations of excellence. THE GARDEN ITH the November issue the Garden Department V4 of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS will be en- larged and more emphasis placed upon the value of gardening in making the grounds more homelike. Al- though there is little outdoor garden work to be done on the home grounds during the winter months the matter of indoor gardening is one that will receive attention. There will be timely articles on indoor gardening, paragraphic matter full of helpful hints to the grower of houseplants and in future numbers of the magazine greater attention will be given to the subject of landscape gardening for everyone. KENNEL AND POULTRY DEPARTMENT | ae magazine will continue to devote careful atten- tion to subjects connected with poultry-raising, the kennel, etc., and writers who are authorities on these subjects have prepared articles of great value to the large number of our readers who are interested in such matters. ARTICLES OF QUALITY T is the aim of the editor of AmertcaN Homes AND | GARDENS to make this periodical a magazine of good taste in everything pertaining to the home. The merely ingenious contrivances that have nothing beyond their in- genuity to commend them need hardly to expect to find place in the pages of this magazine. Moreover, AMERICAN FoMEs AND GARDENS will strive to present articles that AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii have a literary quality, notwithstanding the fact that they may be thoroughly practical at the same time. The Editor believes that the attention of writers who have style at command, as well as subject matter before them, are the writers AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS should seek to introduce to the public, and a hearty invitation is therefore extended to writers who have something to say and those who have something to say and can write it in a thoroughly pleasing and refreshing way, to co-operate with the Editor in advancing this principle. AMERICAN HoMEs AND Gar- DENS wishes articles on all subjects pertaining to home- making by those whose experience lends authority to their contributions. The Editor does not wish articles that are merely compilations from time:worn sources. There may be nothing new under the sun, but when a thing, new or old, is known to a man or woman through experience, that man or woman, if gifted with the facility to wield a pen, should be able to endow the subject with a new interest, that is to say, present it in a forceful way by saying what is worth saying on the subject. ILLUSTRATING THE MAGAZINE chee illustrations in AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS involve great care in planning and selection, and the Editor believes this magazine will come to be unsur- passed in the interest of its pictorial features. AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS has its own photographic staff of skilled professionals, but by no means will the Editor limit its illustration resources to the work of its own photogra- phers. The Editor is glad to consider good photographs of every sort suitable for inclusion within the field of this magazine, and such photographs, whether by amateurs or professionals, will be paid for promptly upon acceptance. AN INVITATION TO AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS A MATEUR photographers are especially invited to submit clear prints which they think may prove available for publication in this magazine, and the Editor will give the same prompt ‘consideration and, where desired, frank criticism. Has the homemaker who is a reader of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS a camera? If so, let him stop to consider the possibility of some nook or corner of his home, indoors or out, an attractive interior or a bit of garden or lawn, which may be worthy a place in the magazine; the Editor believes the readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS would welcome an interchange of such material as the publica- tion of it in the pages of this magazine would make pos- sible. All photographs submitted must be clearly labeled upon the backs of the prints and accompanied by the names and addresses of the senders and by postage suf- ficient for return of such prints as are not found av a able. Some of the best photographs we have published i: the past were taken by amateurs, and it is worth one’s while to bear this in mind. Viil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, rg1I ae Experienced architects and owners know its solid worth. _ They appreciate the beauty and distinction of Sargent designs. They realize that Sargent quality means long, satisfactory wear and the saving of repair bills. Whether you propose building a great office structure, a magnificent residence or a modest cottage, it is well worth while to understand the advantages of Sargent Hardware. Sargent designs include styles to harmonize truly with every period and school of architecture. Let us send you a complimentary copy of the _ Sargent Book of Designs ~ It contains illustrations and descriptions of a great variety of patterns, also much other information that is valuable to anyone who builds. Our- Colonial Book will be included if you mention an interest in that period. | SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard Street, New York Sargent Locks are Famed for Security i i AMERICAN iii Sec Xf HOMES AND GARDENS | A Peeee5 Ga) 43/0004 Year SO Nee Neo FOR OCTOBER, 1911 THE GARDEN APPROACH TO THE ENTRANCE FRONT oF JUDAH ROocK Frontispiece THE OLp House or a NEw ONE By Electus D. Litchfield 351 By Phebe Westcott Humphreys By Jacques Boyer THE Story OF Two REMODELED FARMHOUSES...............00. By Howard V. Bowen THE SMALL Moror ON THE FarM By L. W. Ellis By Warren H. Miller By William T. Allen By George F. Merritt Tue TasLre—Some Novel and Appetizing Salads By Lydia M. Westcott Garden Notes Correspondence New Books The Editor’s Note Book Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries $4.00 per year Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 per year Combined Subscription for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1911, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. iT ODOR ARTS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Old House or a New One By Electus D. Litchfield Photographs by Julian Buckley, Frank Cousins and Lloyd Baker FE maintenance of independent dwellings in our greater cities ceased, several years ago, to be within the means of most inhabitants. In this predicament the alternative of tak- ing an apartment in town or of settling somewhere in the suburbs offered itself. Many adopted the latter and sought homes in the country; but the thought of suburbanism did not aN OK a3 appeal to the majority. Instead, the city dwellers of mod- erate means rented apartments in the winter, and with the coming of summer hied themselves to hotels in the moun- tains or to Europe, the return of fall finding them again in the city—more often than not in new apartments, which offered relief from one or another of the disadvantages of the domiciles of the previous winter. It was not long, however, before these city folk began é BS: Sy ee The extensive and delightful verandas with floors of wood on the garden front of Judah Rock are connected by a terrace floor at the lawn-level 352 AMERICAN . HOMES) AND GARDENS October, Ig1I The old hall at Judah Rock is low ceiled and has a paneled stairway, and its walls are covered with gray paper of a Georgian medallion pattern to find that they had lost that prime requisite of life—the enjoyment of a real home. Even their former neighbors who had gone into the suburbs to live had them at a disad- vantage. ‘Those who clung to the city were tenants, more often than not, at the pleasure of a more or less inconsiderate landlord, in a more or less garish caravansary, with even the comforting presence of cat, dog, chick, and often child, denied them. In the emergency a master-mind evolved the co-operative apartment with its individual ownership and built with that great advantage—a staircase between living- and sleeping-rooms. But at its best living in apartments never could thoroughly satisfy the craving for a home. During the ten or fifteen years in which the private dwelling has been fading from the New Yorker’s_ pro- The new entrance hall or domed vestibule, a much more formal type than the old hall, but is one of the most striking features of the interior AMERICAN October, I911 gramme, rail- way transportation has been making wondrous _ strides. Country places, truly rural, and once far beyond reach, have come within easy distance of the city. The re- sult, while perhaps obvious, is none the less radical and revolutionary. The whole scheme of living of the New Yorker is changed, or rapidly changing. The country life movement has _be- come as important to him as to the farmer of the Far West. He no longer has his home in town, from which wife and children flee at the beginning of the summer and leave him to keep lone bachelor’s hall in the deserted house or steal away to the more congenial atmosphere of the club, while they disport themselves on distant beach or mountain. With the coming of the first warm days of spring, the key is turned in the apartment and the whole family move to the country home, which has more than likely been open all winter for house parties at week-ends and celebrations of the holidays. His home is in the country, and his city residence—be it house, apart- ment, or hotel—now takes second place in his thoughts. His business, it is true, is in the city, and there, too, the opera, the theatre, and the more truly social functions have their claim on his time, but in the country the hearth has regained the place that was usurped by the radiator, HOMES AND GARDENS A view of the exterior of Dr. Fahnestock’s house before it came to be remodeled 353 and there the New Yorker has acquired something of that atmosphere which made the living- room of New England a power in the nation. A home in the country all the year round with work in the city, is found infinitely bet- ter, thanks to elec- tricity and the au- tomobile, than work in the city all the year round with a short holiday in the country. So, many men, and particu- larly young men with their fortunes to make, have discarded the city apartment and are making for themselves all the year round country homes. Thus it is, that with a large element of society the country house has taken on an importance that it never had before. It is no longer desired that it should be a shooting-box or a country villa, or even a seashore cottage. It must be primarily a home—and must look it. Design of such a building is one of the newer problems with the present gen- eration of architects. The earlier men were in the habit of designing country estates or seashore villas for the nabob whose real home remained in the city. No necessity lay upon these earlier architects of making watering places or mountain lodges appear home-like. Sometimes they were almost home-like, but never truly like home, and naturally enough, because they were not homes, but show places. The younger men, too, have exhibited remarkable facility in The remodeled house of Dr. Fahnestock, and the newly graded lawn with all the striking difference from the old form, required very slight changes 354 the design of villas and chateaux, as in certain beautiful white “‘cottages” at Newport and elsewhere there is convinc- ing evidence; but there are not so many of them perhaps who have yet learned to design a real home-like country house. There is a certain ‘‘beauty of homeliness”’ that is absolutely wanting in altogether too many of the houses we meet with, but there has been a great stride toward better things, and our present day architects of standing are learning to en- dow their houses with that comfortable sense of home feel- ing so dear to the heart of everyone. Although we now have examples of home architecture which stand in compari- son with the work of the colonists of New England, Penn- sylvania, and Virginia, there is a certain charm about the old-time house which lends to it en- dearing qualities. Indeed, the Old house conscientious- ly remodeled, one may safely say, has imtinmlely “more charm than its new- born neighbor. Nat- urally much of this is due to its land- scape environment, such as the planting around the house. However, in these days of landscape gardening even a new house need not appear barren of trees and shrubbery. It is often asked (and more often wondered) whether it is wiser to search Outed site with a house upon it and to add to or remodel Itoi tO start sen- tikely, afresh. Ihe answer cannot be given in a_ few words. It depends upon a great num- ber of considera- tions. In the first place, it all depends upon one’s architect, as it often happens Hiden anh architect will be successful in remodeling an old house which will re- tain its home feel- ing, and unsuccess- ful in planning a new house that will give to its owner a sense of home feeling. If one is not sure he will come to enjoy living in the new house as well as he does in the old, and‘yet feels that the old house could be made more live- able, to remodel the house is the problem. On the other hand, if one feels confident about a new house the old one may be torn down and its site occupied by the new one. Then one should save the old trees and shrubbery and the old flower garden if there is one. One must remember, however, that the landscape was a very different one when the old house was built from what may be to-day. Then the big trees in front of the house and across the road were only saplings; and you may have to remove farther back AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Col. St. John Palmer house, New Canaan, Connecticut, owned by Mr. Neilson Olcott October, 1911 and up the hill if you would save the trees and still have the view that the old house originally had from its verandas. To revert to the advantages of retaining an interesting old house, there are certain qualities about it which will go far toward helping the final result. For example, in a common type of old house the story heights are invariably low— much lower than seems right on paper—without being un- comfortably low for habitation. Again the old detail is more delicate than is usual to-day, and with good examples of colonial door and window trim before him, your archi- tect, if he is at all the right sort, will not make his moldings as vigorous and heavy as in the French style, with which he may be more familiar, and he will avoid making his columns and railings in the classic proportions, seen sometime in the uninteresting work of the Greek Revival of the period just after our war of 1812, but inappropriate to domestic wood architecture. Do not expect to save money _ by starting with the old house. It is a curi- ous paradox that while you can some- - times buy an old house for much less than it cost to build it—-and while it would cost twice over that, today, to duplicate it—yet, in nine cases out of ten, you will have spent just about as much as if you had started anew by the time you have in- stalled electric light and modern plumb- ing, repaired | the floors and the plas- ter, repainted and repapered, and done the hundred and one other things that you will not think of at all while your work is under way, but which you will find absolutely nec- essary before your house is completed. Of course, this does not apply so truly if the old house is a fine old structure and has handsome woodwork both with- out and within. Such a house is of necessity historic and should be retained not only because it is so, but because fine old-fashioned woodwork can only be duplicated at excessive cost and even then only under the direction of the most skillful designer and mill man. My advice would be first, get the right architect and with him select a site. If there is a fine old house upon it, so much the better; if there is not, be content to be guided by the architect’s judgment as to whether you can well use the old house, such as it is (if it is at all). Further—lay as few definite architectural requirements upon him as you may, but October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Gay AX A corner of the dining-room of Mr. Olcott’s house work with him, not against him, nor for him—the latter is fatal—but with him, in producing what he promises will be Remember that a house which is an archi- tectural success is as much a matter of study of detail as a beautiful picture, and that a wrong color here, or an ugly detail there, may go far to spoil the entire effect. the ideal result. keep the old house, beware that you do not destroy those ele- ments which empha- size its domesticity. Remember that you are making a home— not a clubhouse. If it has one or two very large old fireplaces with, perhaps, a Dutch oven at the side, keep them by all means, if you are willing to keep them just as simple as such fireplaces always were—plain common brick and mortar, more often than not with the brick cov- ered with cement and painted—and the mantel the simplest things possible, just a few moldings form- ing a frame with a primitive shelf, if any at all. Most of -the fireplaces will be better small and can be treated with more formality. There, marble facings or old Dutch tile are appro- priate, though not necessary. E'schew pressed brick facings and linings and do them a coat of paint. If you The fine garden of Mr. Olcott’s house, with its shrubbery, suggests delightful seclusion Old woodwork in the living-room of Mr. Olcott’s house not overlook the satisfactory effect that was obtained by our great grandfathers by plastering the brick faces and giving Do not forget that there are many delightful and appropriate details that you can have in your mantels and other woodwork without additional cost, if you will keep in touch with the architect while he is detailing your house. There is nothing more appre- ciated by an architect than intelligent co- operation, and there are few architects who do not welcome suggestions from their clients; but re- member that if he is clever enough and experienced enough, for you to employ him to design your house, he must know infinitely more about the appropriateness and practicability of all the details than the owner. So give him the veto power and you will find that he will use it reluct- antly and with dis- crimination. Another word—if you wish your house to be an_ excellent success, set aside five per cent. of your ap- propriation to be used in carrying out refinements and im- provements which will always develop as possibilities in the course of any archi- tectural work, if it has the love of those AMERICAN The house of Mr. Carrington, at Greenwich, Connecticut, viewed in the light of an interesting transformation creating it. It would be impossible to give in this article all the names of even the most successful architects who have solved the problem of designing the home-like house and remodeling the old houses of our great-grandfathers in the most delightful way. However, it is a satisfaction to be able to point out such a house as that in Plainfield, N. J., designed a few years ago by Messrs. Tracy & Swartwout, architects. This house, I think, has much of the old-time feeling of charm, as has the delightful old house built at New Canaan, Conn., in revolutionary times by Col. St. John Palmer, which in its remodeled form is now the prop- erty of Mr. Neilson Olcott. “Judah Rock,” at Sauga- tuck, Conn., the country house of Mr. William P. Eno, the entrance front of which is shown in the frontispiece of the present number of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS, is an example of the development of a fair-sized Colonial farmhouse into a mansion appropriate to the estate of a modern gentleman of leisure. Of the original en- trance front very little is now. visible, the entire facade of the main building having been built from my partner’s designs at the time that they added the wing to the left. The details of the wing to the right show the work of other architects at the time of some earlier, but still modern, alteration of the house. In the earlier alteration the details are “near Colonial,” rather than the real thing, and strike a HOMES AND GARDENS October, Ig11 somewhat discordant note, and with the rather spotty planting of the approach de- tract from the general ef- fectiveness of the entrance facade. On the garden front the details of the change have been kept in perfect harmony with the old de- sign, and the result is cor- respondingly satisfactory. How delightful are these porches close to the level of the turf; and how seldom we see them nowadays. It is interesting to note that the floors of the porches—close to the ground as they are— are of wood, and not of brick or tile or cement, as is so much more usual in mod- ern work. The wood, of course, is less permanent and has to be painted from time to time and renewed, but it is more comfortable than the more permanent material, and for this type of house equally pleasing in effect. Two interiors are shown—one the old hall, and the other the new entrance hall or vestibule. The wall paper in the old hall is of an in- teresting pattern, and was made by a well-known wall-paper manufacturer in exact copy of an old paper of which Mr. Eno found a fragment in New Orleans. So taken were the manufacturers with the paper that they have had for them- selves new blocks prepared for a paper as nearly similar in effect as possible, without reproducing Mr. Eno’s design. There is an indefinable charm in this low-ceiling room, with its paneled stairway, and it is in its way, perhaps, of equal interest with the new and more Mr. Carrington’s house has, at its rear, a grounds area that is a garden-like improvement on the original October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS An architect often meets with an ‘‘ugly’’ house to be remodeled. formal vestibule shown in the accompanying photograph. Mr. Olcott’s house, at New Canaan, Connecticut, is an An unattractive old house can be made into a pleasing structure and mantels. This old house was reclaimed with soap and water and white paint from its use by the previous owner old house that is of artistic interest from the beauty of its as anegro tenement. I suppose that even with its splendid woodwork, both on the exterior and within. It stands at woodwork and its impressive old box bushes, it required a the corner of two old roads, and has a porch facing on The porches are similar in treatment, all what it would look like to-day. and are, I believe, among the most perfect specimens of each one of these. keen imagination on the part of its new owner to realize at Messrs. Albro and Lindeberg have made something the Connecticut Colonial porch in existence. Of particu- charming out of the commonplace old house that served lar interest is the leading in the fan and sidelights. By the way, do you know that the glass at the side of the doors of these old houses is not leaded at all, in the modern acceptance of the term? The mul- lions, or divisions. which go through the glass are of wood, not lead, and the circles and other plain pieces are of bent wood, and the molded ornament only is of lead—the buttons, leaves, ro- settes, efc. — and they are fastened with nails to the wooden members beneath. It is a cur- ious thing how char- acteristic of Connec- ticut this type of pore is: have never found it fully developed in old _ work anywhere else, while there are many variations of it within the limits of the State. In the interior of this delightful New Canaan house, no- tice the interesting illustrated details of the doors, trims House of Mr. Howard McWilliams of Plainfield, New Jersey, along old-time lines The garden side of Mr. Howard McWilliams’ house is picturesquely treated in its altered state as Dr. Fahnestock’s farm cottage. In Mr. Carring- ton’s house, the same architects have produced a _ result delightfully home- like. The old house was as unhappy looking as the pic- tures of the un- named structure al- tered by them as shown in the illus- trations and the re- sults are equally successful. Somewhat diter- ent is the house of Mr. McWilliams, which enjoys the distinction of pre- serving old-fash- ioned characteristics even in its remodel- leissea far. cry from an _ English Gothic cathedral to an American Colon- ial farmhouse, but in each the varia- tions in symmetry, which are due to the work of different hands and different designers at varying periods of their ex- istence, add much to their charm, as here the variations make no break in continuity. 358 reaper ee AMERICAN HOMES “AND ~GAKDENs Transforming Garden Landmarks By Phebe Westcott Humphreys Sey buildings ‘ttoo good to tear down,” or treasured for their associations, is a sub- ject of exceeding interest to-day. The owners of ancestral estates that have be- come beautiful modern country seats, as well as the founders of attractive little homes in suburban and village sections, are eagerly con- sulting garden architects for suggestions in remodeling quaint and dilapidated landmarks. It is now considered little less than sacrilege to destroy a genuinely historic home- stead, no matter how modern and beautiful may be the man- sion of the country seat surrounding it. Various uses are being found, in these days of homestead veneration, not only for the old-home structure itself, but also for quaint old-time smoke-houses, dilapidated spring-houses, and other buildings that have withstood the elements of one or more centuries. In transforming these old buildings for modern useful- ness and picturesque value, the homestead studio, or other artistic workshop, is the latest fad. When there is a real artist in the family, the little historic building makes an ideal workshop. When music is the delight of the talented mem- ber, a decidedly quaint music-room (or musical studio) may be designed within the ancient structure. When literature, science, or other ‘‘artistic industry’ occupies the time or serves as a hobby of someone living on the country estate, the homestead workshop is always a very desirable addition. The interior “fitting up” of the studio, and the exterior transformation of the ancient building, will depend largely upon the use to which it is to be put when reconstructed. In some instances the little one-story buildings which formed the original homes of the settlers have been turned into “billiard cabins,’’ when the ancient farm homes were altered into modern country seats. An author’s workshop and a studio for artistic bookbinding may be found in other re- modeled buildings that are an attractive feature of an estate. But it has remained for Mrs. Walter Hering, of Abington, Pa., to display the most quaint and beautiful, as well as practical form of utilizing a picturesque homestead. When the extensive Lindanwalt country seat first attracted the attention of the entire section of Abington, Pa., because of the pleasing architecture of its mansion and surrounding buildings, and the splendid scale on which the grounds were developed, there remained untouched one sacred spot—a little old, tumble-down structure, partially hidden in a clump of trees, on the lower slope of the grounds, below the man- sion. This dilapidated structure was never considered an eyesore, because of its picturesque situation and its quaint surroundings; but wonder has frequently been expressed during the gradual development of the fine estate as to the probable use of the old building. All curiosity has of late been satisfied in a most novel Interior of Mrs. Walter Hering’s studio, at Lindanwalt The chimney end of Mrs. Hering’s studio, at Lindanwalt October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 359 The old homestead at Lindanwalt turned into a garden studio manner. At the same time an ideal thought for studio build- ing has been carried out that has set all this section of beautiful country seats longing for artistic talents and an ancient homestead for a studio. . Seemingly ready to tumble into sudden decay, the front of the old structure presented only a doorless entranceway, a sagging roof full of holes, and a broad expanse of crum- bling stonework, before its transformation. The back of the building likewise presented a doorway, also a dilapidated single window, and an outside cellar door. ‘The upper floor of the old structure was a mere garret loft, with a narrow window at each end. The first step in transformation was the removing of the old roof, which was replaced by the most modern and quaint of thatched roofs; thatching made picturesque and durable by the use of soaked shingles laid on by a peculiar modern method. ‘The stanch old stone walls were then pointed, the doorway somewhat enlarged in the front, and entirely closed up at the back to allow room for transforming the old window into a light and airy bay window. Then the front doorway was rendered most artistically ‘“‘ancient” by the use of long iron hinges and knocker; relics of remoter days. Sheltering the doorway, a novel portico has been built, combining the architecture of old-time, high-back settles, latticed sides, and hooded roof quaintly thatched. The windows have been removed from the loft and the plastered stonework extends from ground to roof; this gives an opportunity to utilize the loft in a most artistic manner within. The ceiling and the floor have been removed from between the lower floor and the loft, and a narrow gallery extends entirely around the building, lighted from below, Back of the old homestead structure before it became a studio The. old homestead before transforming into a garden studio thus making the entire studio one big room, with all old parti- tions removed, reaching from floor to roof, and the kitchen fireplace forming a part of the original big living-room. Along the entire gallery, reaching on all sides of the room, historic relics) mementos of foreign. travels, and family heirlooms are displayed in most enticing form, tempting visitors to spend hours in this fascinating place. But the most alluring spot is the main floor of the studio, where the artistic hostess of Lindanwalt spends her most delightful hours, and where the most beautiful of china painting is executed. Mrs. Hering is widely known as one of the most renowned artists of the day in china painting; and her home hobby has resulted in work that has attracted the attention of experts throughout the country. But while her beautiful productions are known to the multitude, only a favored few of her personal friends have any knowledge of the delightful workshop in which this decoration is ac- complished, or the effect of her artistic talents on the ancient building and its surroundings, , One of the special wonders of the Hering studio is the well-equipped and well-managed furnace, standing within the studio building and ever ready for the firing of the choice bits of decorated china when they come from the hands of the artist. Even in the most up-to-date of modern home studios, it is usually necessary for the artist to send the finished paintings to some special china-firing furnace, under the care of an expert. But the resourceful Mrs. Her- ing is an adept in this form of the work, as well as in the actual painting; and is saved much anxiety in being assured that her decorated treasures are free from the . dan- gers attending transportation to outside furnaces. The new studio window was added to the remodeled homestead 360 AMERICAN St a ate The women who sell all the edible varieties preparing for trade in a corner of a gourd, melon and squash market in a French town Gourds and Melons of Unusual Growth By Jacques Boyer »), OURDS have been cultivated from very re- j/ mote times, and many varieties are now found in European and American gardens. Some of their fruits attain imposing di- mensions. A few years since a giant squash was exhibited at London, which was raised on the plains of Colorado. It measured nearly five feet in length and weighed 385 pounds. Other members of the gourd family assume strange forms, re- sembling turbans, serpents, bottles, domes, etc., some of which are represented in the accompanying photographs. According to Naudin, the gourds are derived from three distinct species: Cucurbita maxima, the parent of the French potiron, which is characterized by the great size of its fruit, and of some squashes; the African species (Cucur- bita moschata), which is distinguished by the peculiarity that the five-sided peduncle becomes expanded at its inser- tion in the fruit; and Cucurbita popo, the parent of the citronille of Touraine, the American pumpkin, some squashes, and the various ornamental gourds. French gardeners sow pumpkins and squashes in April in hotbeds, transplant the seedlings to other hotbeds, and finally to the open ground in May. This operation neces- sitates some preliminary work. Several days before the plants are set out, the holes are dug at distances of one to two yards, according to the variety. ‘These holes are then filled with thoroughly rotted manure, mixed with a little potash fertilizer, and covered with good soil. In the middle of the bed thus formed the seedling is planted so deeply that the lower leaves are covered. The young plants are watered frequently and are covered with a little straw if the sun is very hot. In frosty or cold weather, which occurs frequently in France in spring, a bell glass is placed over each plant, and in very warm weather the plants are watered more frequently. When the stems have attained a length of about five feet, they are layered, or covered with earth at a few points of their length, where they take root. This process promotes rapid growth. As soon as a fruit is formed, the end of the branch which bears it is pinched off just above the next leaf. If the fruit is mis- shapen it is removed. The market gardeners of the sub- urbs of Paris have learned the art of producing very fine pumpkins and squashes by allowing only one fruit to ripen on each vine. ‘They cultivate all the edible varieties and even the ornamental gourds. There are many varieties of the potiron, all of which have the shape of a more or less flattened sphere. The most highly valued varieties are: the mammoth, which often weighs more than 100 pounds; the large yellow Dutch, the flesh of which is two or three inches thick, solid, slightly sweet, and of a fine orange-yellow color; the Etampes red and the Boulogne gray, which are seen very frequently in the market gardens of southern France, and which differ from the preceding varieties by the greenish- gray color of the rind. The Monthlery bronze variety has a dark greenish-brown rind and yellow flesh of 3 October, 1911 excellent quality. It ripens late and can be kept a long time. Among the squashes derived from Cucurbita maxima, the rough-netted squash is a very strong growing variety, the stems of which attain a length of from thirteen to six- teen feet. The fruit has the form of a flattened spheroid and is covered with characteristic excrescences. ‘he flesh is thick, orange-yellow, and very sweet. The Thoumain netted squash differs from the preceding only by its form, which resembles that of a club. The chestnut squash pro- duces on each vine three or four medium or small fruits, with smooth rind of brick-red color and thick, dark yellow, mealy flesh, which is very sweet and keeps well. The very early prolific squash resembles the chestnut squash in color and the Hubbard squash in form. Its trailing stem ceases to grow after having attained a length of from six to ten feet and produced three or four fruits, which seldom weigh more than seven pounds, but which ripen earlier than any other squashes. The Hubbard squash, which is better ap- preciated in America than in France, is a vigorous grower, with a branched, creeping stem from sixteen to twenty feet long, and round leaves with slightly wavy and indented edges. The fruit, which keeps well, has a very hard, dark green rind, sometimes veined with brick-red, and deep yellow flesh, which is very mealy, but dry and not very sweet. [he Ohio squash, which is cultivated extensively in the United States, bears some resemblance to a huge, elon- gated lemon, but the rind is almost smooth and of a salmon- pink color. The olive squash resembles an enormous olive. The Portuguese squash is recommended by the abun- dance of its sweet, dark yellow flesh. The rind is marked with orange-red stripes. The whale squash is the largest of the varieties derived from Cucurbita maxima. The fruit AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 361 often measures more than three feet in length, and weighs from ninety to one hundred and thirty pounds. ‘The rind is greenish-gray, the flesh orange-yellow and of excellent quality. Ihe turban squash is so named from its resem- blance to an Oriental turban. It weighs from six to nine pounds and is marked in a variable and irregular manner. Sometimes dark green, yellow, and red appear on the rind, sometimes one of these colors is lacking, and occasionally the entire fruit is dark green. The gourds derived from Cucurbita moschata have long, creeping stems, which root easily and which, together with the leaves and leaf stalks, are thickly covered with hairs. The peculiar characteristic presented by the five-sided peduncle, expanding at its insertion in the fruit, has been already mentioned. ‘The leaves are not incised, but are sharply polygonal. ‘They are dark green in color, but usually bear silvery white spots, caused by air bubbles dis- tributed through the epidermis, which rises between the principal ribs. The seeds, which are of variable size, but always of a dirty-white color, with a distinct margin and a downy appearance, preserve their power of germination for six years. The flesh of the fruit has a musky flavor, from which the name of the species is derived. In the first rank of these varieties stands the large Naples squash. ‘The fruit of this very productive variety has a smooth, dark green rind, which becomes yellowish at maturity, and attains a length of 20 to 24 inches, and a maximum diameter of 6 to 8 inches. ‘The part nearest the stem is cylindrical in form, while the lower part is more or less swollen. The seeds occupy the center of the spherical portion, while the . neck is entirely filled with sweet, fragrant, orange-yellow flesh. The portmanteau squash differs from the foregoing The French manner of raising vegetables under bell glasses, popular with French market gardeners during frosty or cold weather in the spring. De a A al AMERICAN HOMES AND Pang GARDENS October, 1911 A very extensive and prolific field wherein the French market gardeners are gathering and removing pumpkins of unusual size only in the form and the smaller size of its fruit, and in its earlier ripening. We will conclude the enumeration of the principal descendants ot Cucurbita moschata by men- tioning the Yokohama squash. ‘This rather late variety, a native of Japan, has a very long stem and a flattened fruit of a blackish-green color, rough and irregularly ribbed, and resembling a Prescott cantaloupe. We now reach those cultivated varieties which show the botanical characters of Cucurbita popo. In particular, the leaves are always lobed, and often deeply incised and covered with hairs, which in places become spiny. The ay (A SS } y y Some rather curious gourd forms selected from French gardens fruit stalk is five-sided, but does not expand at its insertion in the fruit, and is exceedingly hard when fully matured. The seeds are smaller than those of Cucurbita maxima. Among these varieties, the sugar squash of Brazil is dis- tinguished by earliness and the abundance and good quality of its small, oblong fruits, which have yellow flesh and a green, rough rind, which becomes orange on ripening. The white bush squashes form a group distinguished by their mode of growth. The stems, instead of creeping over the ground, are short, erect, and stocky. ‘The leaves are dark green, with a few gray spots, deeply incised, and with indented edges. The fruit is elongated and has five ribs. These white squashes are usually eaten before they are completely ripe. The Italian squashes, which ‘are elongated and of green or yellowish color, are also non-running varieties, derived from Cucurbita popo. The stems are very short and thick, the leaves are large, dark green, and deeply incised into five or seven lobes, with somewhat indented edges. The fruit has a smooth, dark-green rind, marbled with yellow or pale green. The early crook-neck squash, which is bright yellow in color, curved near the stem, and entirely covered with rounded excrescences, is valued especially as an orna- mental plant. The Touraine citronille, on the other hand, is cultivated chiefly as a field crop for the feeding of cattle. The rind is smooth and dark green, the flesh is yellowish- white and of inferior quality. The seeds, which are very oily, are used in France in the manufacture of certain medic- inal lozenges. The squashes which are called electors’ caps, or Spanish artichokes, although they probably originated in Mexico, are not the least interesting of the descendants of Cucurbita popo. The fruits are conical and fluted at the base, re- October, IgII sembling fantastic caps. The flesh is pale and stringy, but not without a certain delicacy of flavor. Some of these squashes have a uniform yellow, green, or orange color, some are striped with white and green, and some are cream- colored and covered with elongated warts. All of these varieties are common in the fruit shops and restaurants of France. The skin of these squashes is very tender; hence they are packed carefully in baskets for transportation, as is shown in one of our illustrations. A yellow variety of elongated conical form is cultivated in the United States under the name of the pineapple squash. In Europe squashes and pumpkins are used almost ex- clusively in the fresh state, in making soups and for other purposes. The peasants of the south of France make excellent pies and jams of some varieties, and also stew them like potatoes. In ancient times, pumpkins were cleaned of their seeds, dried, and prepared in various ways in winter. They formed an important article in the food of Roman slaves, and this custom of drying pumpkins was continued to a late period in-the vicinity of Genoa, Italy. The market gardeners of Paris preserve the purity of race of their gourds by collecting the seeds themselves. In Anjou an oil which is edible, but quickly becomes rancid, is extracted from the seeds. The melons, however, are probably more widely culti- vated throughout the world than any other representatives of the Cucurbitaceae. Specialists divide the numerous types of this class, into the description of which we cannot here enter, into two great groups. The first group, that of the netted melons, comprises the pineapple melon of America, the green climbing melon, the sugar melon of Tours, the American muscadine melon, the Malta winter melon, the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ww oO’ WwW Several specimens of American squashes raised in French gardens common French melon, etc. The second group, that of the warty melons or cantaloupes, distinguished by character- istic excrescences, includes the Paris cantaloupe, the apple cantaloupe, the Prescott cantaloupe, etc. In general, melons do not grow well in the open air in France, except in the south. In colder districts, near Paris, for example, the seeds are sown in hotbeds in February. As soon as the two seed leaves have expanded, the seedlings are transplanted to other hotbeds. A mean temperature of The skin of these squashes is so very tender that they must be handled and packed carefully in baskets for transport to shops and restaurants of France 364 aye ilenits 2 (oleae, (Ca (eee) deg. F.) is maintained, but the sashes are opened when- ever the weather permits and the plants are lightly watered, care being taken to avoid excess of moisture. In April, when the danger of severe frost is past, the seedlings are again trans- planted to new beds. At thiss time the’ tops “are pinched off above the sec- ond leaf. Two lateral branches develop, which are allowed to grow until each has eight or ten leaves and are then checked. The secondary branches, which are subsequently produced, are checked beyond the third leaf and arranged horizontally, in herring- bone fashion, under the hotbed sash. Sometimes the seed is sown later and the seed- lings are transplanted in May to hotbeds, the frames of which are removed as soon as the temperature of the atmosphere permits, so that the subsequent growth takes place in the open air. case the pruning is the same as that described above, : Sh = i * , vA — ™~s = ——_ rom — FS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Two extremely curious forms of Belgian-grown American squashes In this October, 1911 except that the branches are allowed to grow a little longer. When the first fruit has acquired its full size the branch that beans ices checked, so that the sap is thrown into the next fruit, and so on. Let us now note briefly the peculiarities of the most remarkable of these plants, which originated in the warm countries of Asia and have been known from time immemorial. The American pineapple melon is easily cultivated. There are two varieties, one with green and the other with red flesh. he “lattenmats juicy and very fragrant, but usually of inferior quality to the preceding. ‘The green climbing melons are vigor- ous, much-branched vines. In consequence of the small- ness of their green, sweet, and succulent fruits, which weigh from one to two pounds each, the long, slender stems can be supported by a light trellis. is pointed at the stem end and globular at the other. dark green, almost black, rind is marked with white lines. The muscadine melon The A field of edible gourds grown for the Paris market, showing the fruit tangled with a mass of creeping stems, leaves and stalks all over the ground October, rg91I AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Story of Two Remodeled Farmhouses 23 NLESS one has remodeled an old farm- SS in house he has no idea of the charm and It often includes even the joy of discovery. The country around many American cities, particularly the older cities of the Eastern States, abounds in old-fashioned farmhouses. ture has waned these old homes have fallen into decay, but interest it involves. the automobile and the trolley car have brought many of them into_ what might be called com- muting distance, and some of these quaint old homes have been redeemed and made into the country homes oi city men. Not. far from Reading, Massachu- setts, is an old farm- house built more than one _ hundred and fifty years ago, embodying many of the New England characteristics which builders of that period seem to have expressed even in their farmhouse architecture. Here are broad, unbroken roof surfaces— eaves cropped closely to the body of the house —windows placed with quaint but often with mathematical precision, and the “stack” chimneys, located usually in the center of the building, so that each room might have a fireplace of its own, with the usual accompanying brick hearth. This particular feature seems to have been inspired by thrift and economy — why build many chim- neys where one would sufice— why waste the heat of the chim- ney instead of util- izing it by placing the chimney near the center of the he Grapes Porch Range Coal MriWw oP: Stone Wall Perennials Stone Path Rose Garden Perennials ae Wood Shed Covered 1 By Howard V. Bowen was made plain. built. As agricul- Adden’s house, remodeled from a 150-year-old farmhouse Living Room house? In the altera- tions to the Adden house much of the house’s history Front Porch Lrick Floor Ground plan of Adden house as Fomodeledl It became apparent from different meth- ods of building that the house had been built at different times, or, rather, that much of it had evidently been re- The framing throughout is of rough-hewn oak, but some of the walls were found to be filled in between the studding with brick and mortar, with the inside wall plas- tered over with newspaper and wallpaper until the walls were almost ten inches thick. Here is a “stack” chimney of unusual siz e— almost 16x8 — its huge _ foundations take up most of the cellar, since it was built of sufficient size to furnish sup- port even for the wide brick hearths in front of numerous fireplaces. The chim- ney itself is of brick laid in clay, with meadow hay used as a binder. This fine old place has entered upon a new phase of _ its career—it has come into its own, and an- swers every demand of modern conven- ience and sanitation without sacrificing a single jot of the severity which constitutes its chief charm. The house is not far from the road, for the farmers in 1760 saw but little of the world, and wanted to see that little passing at close range. The grounds are enclosed, as New Eng- land grounds should be, by a low wall of field stones—these same stones from the field no doubt made possi- ble the tilling of elas Goll, ~dhinys house’s exterior re- quired but little altering, and the additions required have been planned Enclosed oe upon the old simple and correct os lines. Bie The chief en- s trance has_ been emphasized by a porch which con- tributes just the touch of formality 366 which its use demands. Another entrance of minor dignity is ap- proached by a flagging of rough stones quarried near by, and still another porch, enclosed and screened, is convenient and practical without being unduly obtrusive. The angle formed by the main building and a newly built service wing pro- vides space for a tiny rose garden surrounded by broad paths laid with stone, and these are surrounded by wide borders where grow the old- time perennials beloved of genera- tions of New England garden mak- ers. The house was originally built with kitchen and sitting-room facing the road—did not the in- habitants want to see the world on Old entrance-hall, Adden house parade ?-—and altering this arrange- ment and removing a part of the ‘stack’? chimney constitute the chief structural changes demanded by new conditions. The space thus gained affords a dignified and spacious en- trance-hall. The old sitting-room now known as the “‘office”’ probably performs its old-time functions, and the living-room and the dining-room with the little hall between are al- most unchanged. The bedroom floor has been adapted to the needs of the family whose home the old house has be- come. One-half of the space is devoted to the nursery, with its wide, old-fashioned fireplace, ample closet space, bath and nurse’s room. The rest of the floor provides a large bedroom, with a bath and dressing-room of its own, and these two parts of the floor, while AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 The living-room, Adden house closely connected, are really completely separated—an arrangement which doubtless adds greatly to the comfort of the entire family. An architect may plan a new home or alteration to an old house with the utmost care and ever so wisely, and yet the entire effect may be ruined by careless furnishings or wall decorations. In this old house the original woodwork in its charming simplicity still remains—in fact, what little had been spoiled has been completely restored. All is white, and the handrails of the stairways are of mahogany of the simplest design; the fireplaces and hearths are of dark red brick with surfaces of some texture, and laid with white or gray mortar. The chimney-room fireplace, Adden house The wall coverings are in keeping with the character of the house itself—the halls are covered with paper divided into alter- October, 1911 — AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 367 The dining-room, Adden house nate square and oblong panels, with little scenes repeated at intervals, after the manner of the eighteenth century. The walls of most of the other rooms are covered with a striped paper without a frieze, but with a narrow molding next the white ceiling, which has been allowed to remain slightly roughened and uneven. In many of the rooms are the heavy beams which cross the ceiling in unexpected places—these beams seem to have been considered necessary for the proper con- struction of the house. Much of the beauty and interest of the Adden house is added by the furnishings, which are in perfect accord with the old home which they RET The living-room fireplace, Adden house makers understood so well. Some of the chairs are of the rush-bot- tomed variety, with the painted dec- orations so popular then, as now, in New England, and the lighting fix- tures, china, glass, and other details are in perfect agreement with the simple and direct character of the house itself. The dining-room is large and low ceiled; it has a fireplace wide and deep and a little cupboard over in the chimney, where plates could be warmed. The woodwork is white, the walls covered with a charming old-fashioned striped paper, the fur- niture old mahogany polished to a dull and beautiful surface. At one end are four windows placed closely fo, eumeatatans re New entrance-hall, Adden house together, and through their small panes appears the flower garden, with its tangle of roses and its bor- ders where grow tall hollyhocks, larkspur, phlox, and Canterbury bells. A problem of particular in- terest awaits every architect who is given the commission of adapting a New England farmhouse to the re- quirements of modern life and the demands the dweller of to-day makes in the matter of those conven- iences which shall add to his comfort in the home. In the early days of the Colonial period, and even later, in the middle of the nineteenth cen- tury, it was customary in these old homesteads for the owner to begin his building operations in a limited adorn. Most of the furniture is of old mahogany, with the way, later adding rooms to the house as the family increased, grace of line and the touch of decoration which the old furniture- more often than providing in advance for the housing of a large 368 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 Mr. Hopkins’ house be- the problem awaiting him was one of reconstructing a single fore remodeling. house out of this old double one. The architects very wisely decided to pursue the ex- Bedroom floor plan of : : ; ae Mr. Hopkins’ house after tremely simple and severe exterior lines which gave the remodeling. house individuality and character and have merely accented certain features of the building which were necessary in making the house into a home for one fam- ily. The interior required much altering, much tearing down of par- titions to make broad and spacious rooms of the tiny spaces which suf- ficed a century or more ago, much 1 Old Hall, Rear Hall ‘ce = 3° [=) Own, Bed Room Roof installing of plumbing and of light- ing and heating apparatus to an- a swer the demands of modern life, Upner Part and the making over of an old — New England attic into a servant’s | | quarters sufficiently ample for a family. One cannot but be impressed with the Bo large country house. The altering and furnishing of inherent sense of nice proportion and taste in | this old country house has been planned and executed many of these early dwellings. However, those with rare taste and discrimination, and the Hopkins old New England farmhouses, to which additions came to home is a place of singular beauty and charm. The exterior be made from time to time, rather exhibit the owner’s first is low, broad, and generous in effect, but as plain and severe thought, which was in detail as the char- one of comfort and acter of its original convenience, rather builders. A row of than one of archi- rough, flat, irregu- tectural beauty. lar flagging stones Distances between embedded in the the dwellings were ground leads to an then nearly always entrance-porch of great, roads poor, simple but unusually and transportation pleasing design. facilities meagre, There are benches dependent upon the at either side of this stage-coach or the of the sort that ap- riding-horse in the pear to have been earlier period of the as popular in New country’s growth. England as in New Again, the few set- Amsterdam, where tlers in the lonely they were always to country had_ bleak be found either side winters and all the of the doorways of discomforts incident the old Dutch farm- thereto to face, by houses. This en- trance-porch leads reason of which it sometimes happened into a broad, low- that one of these Mr. Walter Scott Hopkins’ house, at Reading, Mass., after the alterations ceiled hall, entered early-day New Eng- through a_leaded- land farmhouses would be constructed with a view to hous-_ glass door, with fanlight above, at the end of which is a ing two families instead of one, each section of the house deep-set fireplace, and a heavy beam lies across the ceiling. being separate and distinct in essentials, but under connecting roofs. Examples of : H such houses are often met with in the vil- — =| 1 lages scattered throughout Cape Cod, the [I even frorenl | com Aes old Winslow house, in North Brewster, Beer kins’ cece being one of the most interesting examples Sine: foone Soa eat remodeled. that has come to the writer’s attention. ge Hz ee Ue One of these old New England farm- = = [= a a ea Office = houses, in Reading, Massachusetts, built a hundred and twenty-five years ago, with some later additions, chanced to attract the attention of Mr. Walter Scott Hop- kins, its present owner, for Mr. Hopkins saw in it possibilities for transforming it into a delightful modern home—a home that would yet retain some of the charm of aur the home-feeling of yesterday. Mr. Hop- Ground plan of Mr. Hopkins’ house before kins found here an old countryside dwell- resodclng Passage Sitting Room Living Room Bedroom floor plan of ing, designed originally to accommodate two families, and © October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 369 The space which was once three rooms has been utilized as a dining-room of beautiful proportions, and a breakfast-room which is really part of the dining-room itself. The other rooms upon the main floor are almost unaltered, but the service portion of the house was entirely replanned and is almost completely new. Many beautiful old houses are spoiled by the unwise and indiscriminate adding of a porch where a porch should not be. Here, in the Hopkins house, some kind of a living- room had to be provided. This was finally built from what appears to have been an old open woodshed, broad and low. ‘The sides not already open have large doors and shut- ters which are open in summer, the entire arrangement possessing every feature of a modern piazza without its ugliness. The upper story of the Hopkins house as rearranged has five large bedrooms and a bath. Most of these rooms have deep fire- places, and the stairways have been so planned and placed constituting the ensemble, dating back to a century ago. aD . This old house without and within pos- ————— sesses many points which might well be Sonate studied by the builder of country homes to- day. The front, which faces the road, has eighteen windows, arranged in horizontal rows which might easily become monotonous if not skillfully handled. The appearance, on the contrary, is delightfully direct and taste- ful; the windows are not of undue size and seem to have been placed with “informal for- mality,” and the small panes give them a certain character of their own, particularly as a few panes have that very slightly iri- descent effect which is so fascinating to the student of an old New England building. In making the alterations the architects have given the little entrance-porch just the note of simple dignity required to complete the homelike character of this side of the house. The opposite side of the old building, while more difficult of arrangement, is fully as sat- isfying. Imagine the appearance, in un- that every room opens directly upon its hallway. One trained, unskillful hands, of a house which has three of the bedrooms has been greatly enlarged and really remodeled from a low and in- suffterably warm garret by adding a row of windows in the roof, which arrangement ex- tends the ceiling space without breaking the beauty of the house’s broad horizontal roof- lines. In preserving the old-time character of the Hopkins house every detail of old-fashioned beauty has been retained and ‘“‘amplified.”’ The woodwork is plain and almost without ornament, but beautifully simple. and correct. The old hand-made hardware is still used, old cupboards have been discovered or added where they seem to fit in, and the old oven is still as much a part of the fireplace as the andirons or the crane. The wall coverings everywhere through- out the house have been chosen with taste and care, and much the same patterns must have been originally used. The house forms the setting for a collection of old furniture, mir- rors, lamps, and other household furnishings The morning-room, Hopkins house The dining-room, Hopkins house The entrance-hall, Hopkins house + i A NE A PB 8 sf AMERICAN HOMES Old oven-hearth in the den, Hopkins house chimneys of different sizes and shapes, and so great a variety of dormer windows, porches, and_ addi- of different Here the re- tions kinds. sult is quiet ful—the long, sweep- and use- ing roof reaching al- most to the ground has been preserved, but so arranged that retaining this truly New England feature has not resulted in isnoniuii cainntinhinons ececeseasenanionianauiiasnaimmenimcamad GARDENS October, 1911 the hot, stuffy bedrooms which we so often associate with picturesque old country homes. The interior woodwork seems to have been studied with particular care—one can hardly tell what is old and what is new. How many architects are willing to forego a mantel in one of the important rooms of a country house and to use instead the plain paneling, entirely without ornament, which we find in the sitting-room of the Hopkins home? ‘The lighting fixtures also seem to have been chosen with unusual care, and are hardly too decorative for their surround- ings, since even the most primitive of early New England homes possessed lamps or candlesticks of a character surprisingly lux- urious. This house, after all that remodeling has done for it and after all that has been told to describe its shift into modernity, gives the impression that it still retains something of the spirit of its former self. The changes made have been serious, cosy, spacious, __ beautiful and radical enough, =z Room iH Up Shingled Roof 7 Down}+ = =I Ye ny Ee peer { L| Bed Room [L a Hall | .! Bed fl —$ $$$ $$$ | Bed Room || Original plan of bedroom floor of Hopkins house but one may yet feel for a moment that in a dawn or a twi- light gloom the old farmhouse is there; that a semblance of the brand of its old Plan of bedroom floor of remodeled Hopkins house virtue is bound to linger a long time. Even some _ sound might again issue and be like an echo + from _ its old halls, (ne and none will be- grudge it these an- cestral hints. Garden side of Mr. Walter Scott Hopkins’ house, showing the long, sweeping roof reaching almost to the ground, as in the old house October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 371 The Small Motor on the Farm What It Has Contributed to the Farmer's Comfort By L. W. Ellis Xe HUNDRED years ago the production of the ) necessities of life kept four families out of five on the farm, and those four barely supported the fifth by their surplus prod- ucts. Choice of occupations was neces- sarily limited. Since the invention of the steam engine, the manufacture of count- less necessities has been transferred from farm to factory. The steam engine has made possible the wonderful develop- ment of our land and water transportation system. It has fostered the growth of our great centers of population, in- creasing the opportunities for employment away from the farm. ‘The transfer of manufacturing to the city and the development of wonderfully efficient horse-drawn field ma- chinery for crop pro- duction released mil- lions of workers from the isolated life of the country. _In, conse- quence we have had for a generation the prob- lem of making farm life more attractive. It has remained for the engineer to accom- plish what the agricul- turist failed to do, and, naturally enough, by the same methods by which he made life away from the farm attractive. He is estab- lishing easy means of communication and transport, devis- ing conveniences for the farm home, and, most, of all, he is introducing me- chanical power to take from human shoulders the monoto- nous daily tasks that cannot be shifted to those of the animal. ‘The agricultural world is awakening to the stun- ning fact that, after all, the farm is an engineering propo- sition. Production, to be efficient, must be organized on View of mechanical horse-clipper in usec, whose work eliminates unnecessary labor the same lines as in other great industries. The smail motor is only the beginning of a wonderful development in agricultural engineering, and has greater significance than the importance of present installations would indicate. It is significant of the tendency to intensify agriculture by applying more power to each acre and carrying processes farther on the farm. It means the elimination of drudgery, the saving of unnecessary human labor, which is conser- vation of the highest type. It means the opportunity for ex- ercise of mental rather than physical strength, the develop- ment of broader intelligence on the part of our farmers, with direct benefit to those who must depend upon the farmer’s efficiency for their daily bread. Electrical machinery has gone through wonderful devel- opment, and competi- tion in commercial fields has at last brought the farm to the manu- facturer’s attention as an unworked source. of trades Onen soi) the papers at a recent meet- ing of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers was read by the representative of a large electrical com- pany, the title being, “The Promise of an Electrical Agriculture.” The resulting discus- sion developed the fact that both engine and electrical manufac- turers are looking to the farm for their greatest volume of business in the near future. Without dwelling further on the economic phases of the question, we may pass to a consideration of some of the many adaptations of internal combustion engines and elec- trical motors to farm purposes. The discussion will be con- fined to those operations involving the saving of hand 372 AMERICAN HOMES MAND GARDENG labor, the use of me- chanical power in field work being a vast sub- ject in itself. The uses of the gaso- line or kerosene engine on the farm are almost without number, — but only the exceptional farmer has established A complete. “po wie st plant. Pumping water by hand has long been regarded as impracti- cable, and in regions of unbroken topography the windmill has been generally unreliable. The latter’s frequent failure in the summer, the time of greatest consumption, has led to a surprising shift to the small engine for pump- ing purposes. In general the needs for water are for fire protection, sanitation, irrigation and consumption by household and stock. By the aid of the engine the farmer may have a better water supply than his city relatives. For instance, an elevated storage tank will give gravity pressure for A gasoline engine for ‘‘bucking wood” is now an indispensable apparatus October, tgtt projects are not possible or have been delayed. As a rule the engines used are of larger size than those used for general farm purposes, but in numberless in- stances the engines of from three to ten horse- power have proved the salvation of the farmer by supplying water for at least a small field. Water can often be found at a_ shallow depth in dry runs or by boring. A five horse- power engine will raise 500 gallons per minute from a depth of twenty feet. Even in the favored Corn- belt and the East, the engine is being called on to keep crops forging ahead through the customary summer drought. Too often the only use of the small engine is for pump- ing water, or grinding feed, or some other one task. In contrast the writer has in mind a two-story power house on a side hill, visited over three years ago. The engine and the pump are in the basement. Overhead is a line shaft, to Farm pump engine here takes the place of a blown-down windmill faucets or hydrants all over the farmstead, and the newer pneumatic tank, under ground, gives both pressure and in- surance against freezing. In the latter the engine may be used to pump either air or water into the tank up to a pres- sure of from 15 to 75 pounds per square inch. It is now possible, by means of an engine, a compressed air tank and a submerged pump, to have abundant water direct from the well by simply turning a cock in the kitchen. The pump, located at least six feet under the water, may be started by turning the faucet, the air sup- plying power for oper- ating the pump. A sur- prisingly large _ per- centage of farmhouses are being equipped with modern sanitary conveniences which con- tribute to the health and comfort of the family. The engine has solved the problem of irriga- tion in many square miles of semi-arid ter- ritory where large Gasoline engine employed in irrigation is an aid in droughty times Internal combustion engine successfully fighting the codling moth which are attached at will the cream separator and churn, _ the washing machine (the boys do the washing and like it, because there is some inspiration in the chug and fuss of the engine), the corn sheller, fanning mill, feed grinder and grindstone. ‘To all intents and purposes the building is a small industrial plant. There the farm office is located, the farm business transacted, the bulk of the farm stores kept, and many of the important processes of the farm carried on. All is sys- tem like that of the fac- tory. There is activity without drudgery, the condition in any oc- cupation which begets enthusiastic service. Out in the dairy barn one clean, well-paid, trained dairy assistant now does the work of two slovenly farm hands openly rebel- lious at the tiresome job of milking. All that the farmer saves in money, perhaps, is the keep of one man, but in freedom from labor October, 1911 troubles and in general improvement of dairy conditions he gains in reputation and satisfaction of mind. The vacuum milking machine is responsible, with a gasoline engine off at the dairy house energetically minding its business of run- ning the vacuum pump and the cream separator. Ten to fifteen cows per man per hour is the new standard of capacity, with far less work and dirt. The vacuum cleaning principle is applied to the cows by a slight addition to the equipment. All the dirt, loose hair and other foreign mat- ter can be drawn off into a dust collector and removed. By the ordinary process of currying and brushing, these sources of con- tamination are stirred up to fly about the stable and settle upon the utensils. In dairies of fifty cows or less an engine of one and one half horse-power is suficiently powerful to run the four to six milkers usually attached and to handle other dairy machinery besides. The livestock is rid of its surplus of old hair neatly and rapidly through the agency of a power clipping ma- chine and a very small engine. The engine may assist in spraying the cattle for parasites, whitewash- ing and spraying the interior of the barn as a preventive measure. Spraying now extends to the orchard also, where insect and fungus enemies are successfully combated. Filling the silo has rather grown beyond the limits of hand work, though it started in the same class with the work of chopping roots, corn, grasses, etc., by hand. All this work, heavy or light, may now be done by the gasoline engine, and the number of silos has increased in thirty years from less than one hundred to many thousands. ‘This en- gine, to be of the most approved type, should be of about twelve or fifteen brake horse-power and handle close to seventy-five tons of corn fodder per day on ten to twelve gallons of gasoline. The internal combustion engine for such work must have an excess over the average power requirements, as the load is irregular and the speed must be kept up in order to obtain efficient results from the ensilage cutter. On this account a heavy fly-wheel is added to equalize the motion of the engine. Again, some manufacturers, following the lead of the builders of large gas engines for heavy duty, are adopting the volume, or throttling, governor in place of the hit-and-miss type. In the latter the explosions are occa- sionally ‘cut out’’ by automatic action of the governor when the speed increases above the normal, to be resumed again when the absence of power impulses causes the speed to drop below normal. The throttling governor admits a charge for each cycle, proportioning it each time to the needs of the load. It is, therefore, slightly less economical on light loads than the hit-and-miss type, but for the heavy, irregular work of shredding corn, filling the silo, sawing wood, etc., it can be depended on to furnish steadier power. “Bucking wood” no longer has its terrors for the farm boy. If the farm cannot afford the investment in a saw to go with the gasoline engine, there is very apt to be a neighborhood saw. Wood is not a perishable product, however, and farmers are often content to wait until the owner of a large outfit puts in an appearance and does the work on a custom basis. The milking of ten to fifteen cows AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 373 One of the most exhausting chores in connection with the harvesting of the corn crop is shoveling off the load after a day of ten or twelve hours in the field. Now a two horse- power gasoline engine, attached to a portable elevator, will empty a thirty-bushel load of ear corn into a car, corn crib or granary in from three to six minutes. The same is true to some extent of the small grain crops. Very often both eleva- tor and engine are mounted on the same truck, and in con- nection with the large threshing outfits this combination saves labor that is hard to get just at that time. The wagon is driven into position, the front wheels ele- vated and the rear end gate removed. The grain falls into the hopper, is elevated by an endless conveyor and delivered by a flexible spout at heights practically impossible by hand. ‘The engine has therefore made it possible to. build granaries and corn cribs higher, at a con- siderable saving in initial expense per unit of storage space. On farms where heavy machinery, portable buildings, etc., have to be moved fre- quently from place to place, the portable gasoline engine equipped with a winch and cable is often indispensable. A five horse-power engine may occasionally be seen putting a fifteen-ton tractor into a space on a storage floor which would not withstand the combination of weight and vibra- tion produced by running the tractor under its own power. It has been conclusively demonstrated that the horse is a more flexible traction power unit than the gasoline engine. He may be coupled up in teams of varying size, and in a pinch can pull to many times his normal capacity. At the same time, for driving rotary mechanism of fairly constant resistance, the engine has a great advantage over the horse in endurance. This is further emphasized by the loss entailed in transforming the linear motion of the animal’s forward progress into the rotary motion of the machine. While a school of engineers in France has been arguing that the ideal farm machine should use horses for propelling it and the engine for performing its effective work, Yankee ingenuity has perfected the combination. From mounting a small stationary engine upon the frame of a grain binder, which was done repeatedly by inventive farmers before manufacturers grasped the possibility, we have now come to an engine mounted on wheels and con- nected by a shaft and universal joint to the driving shaft of the harvester. This outfit goes merrily up hill and down dale with two horses where four or five were formerly em- ployed. It is especially adaptable to cutting rice or grain on soft ground where the traction wheel of the binder could not grip the surface firmly enough to transmit the re- quired power. To the average farmer electricity is a mysterious agent, to be gingerly dealt with. Up to date the widest use of electricity on the farm is for lighting and for the light tasks about the house. Current for general power uses has usually proved more costly than power derived from the gasoline engine, and the kerosene engine has even further increased the handicap. Moreover, the engine, as a self- contained and easily portable unit, is much more convenient for use at different points. In isolated cases, however, a an hour with hydraulic apparatus 374 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS small stream has been harnessed, and even at a considerable cost for electrical equipment, been made to furnish cheaper and more convenient power than the engine. Improvement in the storage battery has widened the use of gasoline-electric systems. A two horse-power engine will furnish a horse-power hour for 0.15 gallon of gasoline on full load and on 0.2 gallon at half load. As many tasks require less than full load, the storage battery has been made to economize by taking up the surplus power. On the average farm it is seldom necessary to run the engine simply to charge the battery, hence the lights may be said to cost little or nothing outside of the cost of installation and the periodical restoration of the battery electrodes. The storage battery is a great convenience. It is a neces- sity with the hit-and-miss governed engine if a clear, steady light is to be had. Some types of engines with throttling governor control have proved very satisfactory when coupled direct to generators. This connection requires, of course, that the engine be run as long as lights are required, and unless some such work as pumping necessitates running the engine at night, the outht would probably be use- ful only on large farms where a number of buildings are to be lighted. Low voltage systems are commonly offered to the farmer on account of safety, simplicity and low operating cost. The improvement of the low voltage tungsten lamps, con- suming about one-third the current required to operate the ordinary carbon filament lamp, has made it possible to re- duce the size and cost of installation, especially in the mat- ter of storage batteries. The fifteen-light plant is probably the most popular, as more than that number are seldom burned at one time. With this outfit it is possible to wire for twenty or thirty lights, and burn the entire number by running the engine and dynamos and taking current from the battery at the same time. The fifteen-light outfit re- quires about one-third horse-power and the thirty-light about three-fourths horse-power, but less than a two horse- power engine is seldom installed. ‘The total cost of engine, generator, storage battery, switchboard, wiring, fixtures and lamps, for a fifteen-light, thirteen-volt outfit is around $400. The light will cost in the neighborhood of one one-hun- dredth of a cent per candle-power hour. For installations covering considerable area it is advisable to use a higher voltage, 1. e., twenty-five or thirty. With the development of interurban railways and long- distance transmission lines it is frequently possible to obtain current from the central station at lower cost than from individual plants. Communities are to be found where the use of electricity for light and power is prac- tically universal, and community central stations are devel- oping in the same manner as did farmers’ telephone lines a decade ago. The installation of low voltage apparatus for individual plants requires radical change in equipment when central station power is finally obtained. The small electric motor is especially convenient about October, 1911 the farmhouse, attached to a fan, a flat iron, a churn or a washing machine, for the housewife has but to turn a switch to secure relief from heat and weariness. ‘The elec- tric range and chafing dish can hardly be said to be in gen- eral use, but the vacuum cleaner is coming into its own. For $100 the mistress of the household is equipped to clean carpets, floors, upholstery, drapery, etc., by suction at a cost of three cents per hour. The blowing attachment chases dust from inaccessible places. The outfit may be used even for the lady’s massage and drying her hair. A motor of one-sixth horse-power furnishes power for all. A supply of soft water under pressure, independent of the farm supply, can readily be obtained from a cistern, a pneumatic tank, a rotary pump and a motor of one-fourth horse-power. Convenience rather than cheapness has been the means of popularizing the electric motor, and it is only natural that it should appear oftener in the home than in the producing end of the farm. A friend of the writer’s even applied electricity to the farm fence. He drove 2-inch x 2-inch sticks about four rods apart surrounding a pasture field and strung two No. 15 wires thereon, properly insulated. As a starter he con- nected up a tiny dynamo, driven by water power, with his fence wires. By carefully introducing the various animals to the fence before turning them into the pasture, he edu- cated several to give it a wide berth. The others, however, showed a supreme disregard for the fence, and after the most carefully educated mule, in a panic, took out several panels the inventor quit in disgust. This discussion has hardly covered all the farm uses of the small internal combustion engine and the electric motor. Enough has been said, however, to justify the statement that one of the greatest present needs of the farm is a com- prehensive inquiry into the subject of power installations. These motors are working revolutionary changes in the social and economic status of the farm laborer. But there are no state or national publications on farm power ques- tions to compare with the concise, scientific, helpful series on every other topic. The writer has long advocated the need of a branch devoted to agricultural engineering in the United States Department of Agriculture. On account of the breadth of the subject the State colleges do not as a rule have the neces- sary resources to investigate all phases of agricultural en- gineering, and under the present organization the subject of farm power can receive but little attention. The in- terests of manufacturer and purchaser are identical. It is gratifying to note that the National Gas and Gasoline En- gine Trades Association, representing the makers of in- ternal combustion engines and accessories, has joined hands with the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, repre- senting the college men and farm machinery manufacturers, to urge upon Congress the organization of a Bureau of Agricultural Engineering at Washington to cope with the situation which is so rapidly assuming great importance. October, IgII AER uGAIN aE tl OUMES AND GARDENS WwW | Ur An Old Farmhouse [hat Became New By Warren H. Miller AGN ERSTE old farmhouse lay in a hollow of the 2) rocks overlooking a little valley in the All heart of an ultra-fashionable, exclusive, country-residential section. Nobody want- edit. It had neither furnace, nor gas, nor city water, nor electric lights. To get into one whole section of the house you had to go through a bathroom, cobbled up by some misguided de- signer out of the most important corner of the big upstairs chamber—theoneat the headofthestairs. To arrive in_ the kitchen you made a detour out of the front door intosome occasionally very wet ground and around the corner to the kitchen door. This had to be done about three times a day, because there was nowhere else but the living-room in which to spread the paraphernalia which generally ac- companies one’s ef- EOtreS t.0-2p ft e- pare nourishment. In fact, you never appreciated how vital a matter the lowly kitchen can be until you found it sequestered in an almost inaccessible wing and had to visit it scores of times a day. As an architectural entity,—the Verplank farmhouse just grew. The original Verplank evidently built and lived in i] I} iat KITCHEN — 120*22°9 < Sub Livina Room 15°0" «Z0'6" TT ’ aie ais | Reon | Porcn |II-¢ | | g | . pa = Jor. Porcu aes Ground floor plan of the old farmhouse the kitchen, as it had stone walls two feet thick, where he could exchange compliments by means of a blunderbuss with hostile Mohawks and Iroquois. Then some descend- ant built the middle section somewhere in the ’20’s, when the coolness and protection of a porch could be enjoyed; The old farmhouse before alterations seems unlikely to carry possibilities realized but he preferred to have his kitchen separate, being doubt- less deterred by the thickness of the wall from _in- serting a door. Finally in the ’70’s the crowning glory of the house was added, a tower, that looked like a Pilgrim’s hat. After that the Verplanks rested from their labors. People from the twenty-thousand-dollar Elizabethan, Mexican and Georgian ‘villas’ scattered promiscuously about, wondered when the unsightly shack that occupied the finest site of all would tumble into the maw of some house - wrecking company. Pros- pective renters and buyers came to in- vestigate. They ad- mired the noble oaks, the view, and the= nieve byor- ing mansions; but were easily routed on viewing either the kitchen or the bathroom. And soy it Ke- mained untenanted until, one after- noon, with the val- ley bathed in peace and shade, a man chanced “to come upon it. He was gifted with an intimate acquaintance with many impracticabilities, but happened, at the same time, to be in full possession of five thousand dollars. He had no other ideas about a house except that it must be on the side of a lot, and, he argued: ‘‘What is the use of owning five Ol Batn Room Bep Room 12)6% 15-0" = [Se Bedroom floor plan of the old farmhouse thousand dollars’ worth of land and putting most of it behind the house where you cannot see it ?”’ He examined the grounds, the view, and the surround- ing mansions, and at once was delighted with the tall oaks and tulip trees on the place, as well as with the very small [eee eel Porte Cocnere VeRanodA r) Living Room 16°0+20°6 Ground floor plan of remodeled farmhouse brook, on the banks of which grew wild garden thyme. He glanced into the house, much as a huge Newfoundland might look into a kennel, and then went about to study the surroundings. The house was on the side of the lot, there- fOrewit suited. There was no drive- way, but that could be arranged with a little macadam; and Virginia creeper could soon extin- guish the architec- tural glories of the tower; so. before nightfall a sale was made at $4,500. The new brought his wife to see the great pur- chase. Immediately she exclaimed: “Coal stoves and pumps! I never lived in such a place in my life. The servant willleave! We will have to eat in the kitchen! Could you not have seen that no one could get from the kitchen to the rest of the house without great trouble, and that the bathroom blocks up the whole house! ‘That agent must give you back our money. owner But they moved in, and soon an opening was made in the two-foot wall which connected the kitchen and the living- room. Part of the five hundred dollars left over bought and installed a hot-air furnace and connected the house piping to the city water mains, and so they passed the autumn and the winter. An architect who took an interest in the owner and his house ran out occasionally to see the trees, the view, and to watch a real wood fire at the hearth. He examined the house carefully, and declared that with an expenditure of about two thousand dollars a proftable and pleasing result could be obtained. He drew a plan of the original house and then advanced his ideas of a radical remodeling of the building. “To begin with,” he said, ‘you want your dining-room placed to the southeast. That is an essential point in house designing, as here one gets the morning sun. “Now, we will pull out the front of the kitchen so as to make it line up with the house, and then cut it in half to make a kitchen and a dining-room.”’ But on further con- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The new house, remodeled from the old, compares favorably with its surrounding neighbors October, 1 gII sideration he decided that this would not do, as he had to provide space for a pantry and a back stairs for the second floor. So he planned to push it out to line up with the tower front. ; He sketched it carefully enough, and at last announced that the old farmhouse had the elements of an H-plan manor-house. ‘‘My purpose in the design here made,” said the archi- tect, “is to pull off the roof, run up this story over the rear kitchen, carry the second story of the tower back to match, leaving a porte-cochere underneath, and put on a porch across the middle section. The present roof is one of flat tin. Put a new one on over it, and it can all be: accom- plished inside of the two thousand dollars’ estimate.”’ The designer finally presented an Elizabethan structure that looked to be on architectural terms with any of the villas in the neighborhood. It was now the owner’s turn to be interested in the archi- tect, and he asked what could be done with all the clap- boarding on the walls of the farmhouse. He was informed that it could be covered with hair-felt paper, furred with one - inch - by - two - inch hemlock, lathed, and _ then asbestine slap- dashed stucco put on. To carry out the scheme of remodel- ing it was found that it would be necessary “t Oumier move the peak roof of the tower after finishing the work on the middle sec- tion and the kitchen wing, the parts of the house chosen for the winter oc- cupancy. The architect next drew a plan of the original second floor. Giiomemd study of this he b) found that the mid-. dle chamber was too large, so he planned for a bathroom in one corner. The former was very poorly lighted, so a couple of small windows at the front were taken out and put in the back of the house, and two big diamond-pane Beo Room 12°6*15 0” 8 ix Bevo Room 12°0%12'6 Bedroom floor plan of remodeled farmhouse October, 1911 AMERICAN A corner of the library, showing the newly constructed fireplace English windows substituted. The owner’s chamber was then designed to include another large diamond-pane, and this bedroom was placed directly over the dining-room. A child’s room was put in the rear, and a brace of closets and the master’s bathroom arranged in between over the back stair well. Plans were then made for placing a guest-room and a study upstairs in the tower wing, with a stairway to the servant-room in the attic. With the first thaws of spring, laborers began to dig a cellar under the kitchen and to run a field-stone founda- tion under it and its extension out to the front-face line of the tower. by nightfall the owner was carrying on his literary labors in a furniture-crowded tower, while outside was a kitchen without any front wall; a main section without any porch, windows, or doors—just gaping holes through which the zephyrs played—and a back yard littered with the remains of the bathroom. By the second day the neighbors were sure the house- wreckers had come at last, but by the third they became aware that the house began to take on a decidedly patchy appearance. A thick layer of red hair-felt paper spread itself all over the clapboards, rough, ragged furring and lath began to show in spots, and above and around the kitchen tall, slender studding was in sight. Then they knocked all the plaster off the kitchen ceiling, exposing the ancient solid beams. Then the roof cornices came off, giving the house an indescribably bald aspect; wagon-loads of lumber spread over the grounds, and the entire place became abandoned to the carpenters. With a man digging an arched doorway through the two-foot wall of the kitchen, a continuous rattle-tattle of small hammers going on all over the outside of the clapboards, and blows resounding from the kitchen, where they were pushing sec- ond-story beams into place, the owner retreated aloft, where he could get a little relief from the intolerable noise. Then the tall gable rafters began to loom up over the middle section and kitchen; plasterers started coating the house all over with fresh white stucco, and the neighbors began to realize that there was something here slowly taking HOMES AND GARDENS The carpenters began work one morning, and a on the aspect and proportions of their own. So by the end of summer the shingles were on, the stucco done, the half- beams and exterior trim stained, and the house roughed out somewhat as in the illustrations. At least it was presentable—though at sixes and at sevens, since the tower still remained in its original state. The car- penters closed in the hip roof to fit the future gable of the tower wing with roofing-felt, making it weather-tight, and the owner closed out all their contracts, for the cash was running low and little was left for the tower, while the problem of finishing the trim was staring him in the face. The next stage of this remodeling was the hiring of an Italian laborer who could do a little of everything at $9 a week. He could paint, hang wall-paper, do rough car- pentry, lay floors, beat carpets, and make roads. He was indispensable all that winter. As for the owner, he had added the trade of joiner to that of his profession, and for his exercise would take, for example, a doorsill, two jambs, and a couple of stiles, and arrange them until they would fit a given opening. The mistress of the house returned from the shore to find the October gales whistling through a windowless and a doorless abode, with all the furniture still in the tower and no place to put up a bed or put down a rug. It was necessary to get into the upstairs new wing and make it habitable forthwith, so all its windows were fitted and nailed into place for the time, and the old front door was stuffed into the opening for the new front door, while callers climbed in through the kitchen window. The mid-section was still a runway filled with lumber and shavy- ings, but each successive fortnight saw one more room done in the wing, with all the trim on, doors hung, and walls papered. Whereupon it would be decorated and blessed as finished, and the procession moved on to the next room. In this way the owner’s chamber, nursery, and both bathrooms were finished in turn, and even the large living-rooms in the middle section soon began to show a readiness for occupancy. It is just two years since the farmhouse was bought. It cost originally, with its ground, $4,500, and to improve it took between two and three thousand dollars. To-day the house, under present values, is worth about $12,000. eee A bit of the hallway, showing the opening into the library 378 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS How To Make Bayberry-Dips By William T. Allen October, git i ENON GVEA NSD these two ‘bayberry-dips’ home to your little daughter,” said a lady in Pawtucket to me early last autumn, ‘‘and tell her to keep them till Christmas and to put them ina hanging holderon her Christmas tree.” ‘“T saw an advertisement the other day in a magazine—‘old-fashioned bayberry- dips, pretty and fragrant’—what are they, anyhow?” “Why, grandmother made them many a time when | was a boy. But that was years ago, and many things famil- iar to the young folk at that time seem strange to the young folk of the present day. Bayberry-dips, or candles, most fragrant and delightful, seem to be completely for- gotten, as are certain flowers of our grandmothers’ gar- den. But the good old cus- toms and things are coming into use again. Bayberry- dips are the candles that grow on bushes. The berries are on the twigs, and the wax is on the ber- ries, until we take it from these dry ‘“drupes’’ and use the material for the mild and beautiful light, and the de- lightful = fragrance of the smoke from the smoldering wick. Whenthese bayberry candles were in com- mon use, in the time long ago, it was a frequent custom of even the sedate and courteous young ladies of the company to run unexpectedly to the “light stand,” and with a laugh and a quick puff of the breath, to blow out the flame, so that their friends might enjoy the fragrant incense that curled to the ceiling in the smoke of the dying wick. Pretty young ladies, a pretty flame flickering at the tip of the candle, a ripple of laughter, a quick puff, a wave of perfume through the room—doesn't it suggest a beautiful picture ? Of the shrubs that bear these berries, Robert Beverly says, in his “History of Virginia’; “At the mouths of the some of Picking the sweet-scented bayberries in the rivers, and all along upon the sea, and near many of their creeks and swamps, the myrtle grows, bearing a berry of which they make a hard, brittle wax of a curious green color, which by refining becomes almost transparent. Of this they make candles, which are never greasy to the touch and do not melt with lying in the hottest weather; neither does the snuff of these ever offend the sense like that of a tallow candle, but instead of being disagreeable if an acci- dent putts out the candle, it yields a pleasant fragrance to all who are in the room, insomuch that nice people often put them out on purpose to have the incense of the expiring snuff.” What is more delightful in a room warmed by the logs of the old-time fireplace than to have it lighted by bayberry candles ?oaitawe could only manage the young people, and keep them quiet long enough for us older “young peo- ple” to look at the bayberry flame and to dream a little! But the extinguish- ing puff is easily made; the young are active and quick in their movements; the bayberry smoke is: delightful: ite blow out the candle is to be ‘regaled weit Wh sa» sp dhevars- ant odor. “Why can’t we young folk make some of these can- dles?” inquired one of the girls. “You can,’ she was informed. And we so greatly en- joyed the work and the play that I want to tell other young folk how we did it, and to give them some facts of interest in regard to the shrub that supplies the berries. The bayberry shrub, or bush, is found in abundance in the sandy soil along the Atlantic coast, from Nova Scotia to Florida, and also on the shores of Lake Erie. It usually attains a height of from three to eight feet, and it is re- ported to grow, at times, in favorite localities, as high as thirty-five feet. The small nuts are grayish in color and late fall after the frost has touched them October, 1911 so thickly coated with a fragrant wax that they are sure to attract the at- tention of anyone, especially if he has come from a place where the plants are not found. He will without fail say: ‘“What are these things? I have never seen berries like them.” Two of their interesting habits are that they may continue to cling to the branches for two or three years, and are in their best condition for candle- making in October, especially after a few frosts have touched them. On a hillside the young folk, on a brilliant afternoon, found a beautiful cluster of the bushes. ‘To gather the berries in the golden sunshine was the very poetry of berry-picking, in those waves of exquisite odor from the crushed fruit and the bruised and broken leaves and twigs. What bet- ter outdoor music could we have had than the tinkling of the harvest on the sides of our tin pails? At home we found that the con- tents of all the vessels filled two large ones. Water was poured on the berries and set on a stove to boil. As we stirred them into the hot water, the perfumed steam made the room fragrant, and the myrtle wax floated to the surface in a layer of delicate green. This was skimmed off, put into another pail, and brought to the boiling point and finally strained. A little ordinary tallow was added so that the candles should not be too hard. Ordinary candle-wicking was twisted around some old-fashioned candle-rods, and then the wicks were dipped in the pails of water, warm enough to melt the wax which forms a layer varying in thickness from a half inch to two inches. The water and melted wax must not be too hot. Much depends on this, for a tem- perature a little too high melts the wax from the wick as fast as it is added. We found that it was best to keep the heat as low as possible, and yet hold the wax liquid. Candles, whether of bayberry or the ordinary tal- low, or of any kind of wax, thus hand- made by repeated dippings, are known as “dips,” and are regarded as the most desirable form. “These don’t look like the candles we buy at the store,” said another girl, as she examined them with a critical eye. Then I explained that we had gone back to almost the primitive form of light-giving medium, or just the next step ahead of a wick in oil, or in melted wax or,tallow in a dish. It is probable that our ancestors regarded dipping as a marvelous step in advance of the original floating wick. Then what an age of progress it must have seemed when some one invented a mold in which to form them! What ’ AMERICAN HOMES A set of Bayberry candle-molds and dipper Dipping the cotton wicks into the bayberry wax may be carried on by the family AND GARDENS 379 a labor-saving invention! What a brilliant mind it must have been to think of that! “Can't we make molded candles ?”’ was the chorus, as I explained how the melted wax was poured into metal tubes. Of course we could, because Mr. A. E. Arnold, who has a museum of old-fashioned things and who loaned me these dipping-rods, said: “You will want to try the molds, too, I am sure.” So I brought along a set. Here they are. We will fasten the wicks at the pointed bottom of the tube (really the top of the can- dle), make it taut through the center, and fasten it again to rods at the top across the molds. Now pour in the hot wax and allow it to cool. When it is firmly hardened the candles may be drawn out, when you know how. These molds are of various sizes, some for making two candles, others for four, or eight, or a dozen, at a single pouring. In many an old gar- ret, especially in New England, will be found some of these discarded vessels in various sizes, and usually in more or less battered condition. The young folk found that the most difficult part of candle-making by pouring was to get the liquid to just the right temperature, to pull the candles out of the molds, and to wait just long enough to let the candles harden, but not tomgen sol hardi as to crack, “Ghe secret of the last is to immerse the mold for only a second in boiling water, and instantly to pull out the candles. The interior of these old-time tubes is not always perfectly smooth, so that molded candles are apt to be rough and uneven on the surface. Dipped candles are smooth, but their outlines are often wavey. “Dips” are rightly the favor- ite form, as they take us a little nearer to nature, and have no fancy features added by att. Av little ex- perimenting showed us how best to do all these things, and it then became an easy matter to produce candles in large quantities by either method. The dip- ping has the advant- age, because the can- EE sini dles may be made of any size, varying from mere tapers to almost any reasonable dimensions. The wax is known to druggists as “‘myrtle wax,” and is bought to be used (except by those who are reviving this old-fashioned custom of candle-making) chiefly for casting, and by furniture-makers for rubbing on heavy desk-drawers and on other move- able parts of furniture. The shrub is a member of a fragrant botanical order known to students as the ‘“‘Myricacee,” or the sweet gale family, and includes bayberry or wax-myrtle, sweet fern, and sweet gale, thriving best by the seashore. 380 be 4 CN E a ‘er, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 Garden side of the house of Mr. J. E. Thomas, at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. The well-trimmed surroundings shared in the improvements Making an Old House New By George F. Merritt T does not always happen that the architect has a foundation to work upon of much interest other than that to be found in the working out through taste and in- genuity of such a problem as that of making a charming modern house out of the remains of an ugly old one. Just this seems to have been accom- plished in the old farmhouse at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey, which came into the possession of Mr. J. E. Thomas and was re- modeled after the plans of Mr. OmiGette: The oldest portion of this building was the low. wing, which tradition assigns to a date of a century or more ago, while the main, “upright” portion of the old house was put up by some builder of fifty years or so back. Mr. Thomas saw _ pos- sibilities in the old structure, however, and succeeded in con- firming his optimism in the new house that was evolved from the old. There were those who shook their heads and ventured to say that nothing could be made of the old place. Of course, the wiseacres conceded that an attractive old Porch to the main entrance to the Thomas house house could be made into an attractive new one, but they had not come to have so much faith, in the Hasbrouck neighborhood, in the Alladin-like accomplishments of the modern architect as they now have, with the Thomas house in view, a veritable monument to the ingenuity of the archi- tectural profession. One need only turn to the old struc- ture to see how forlorn and unhomelike it was—at least, so far as its exterior was concerned. Fven in the days when the blinds in the front part of the house were not kept sealed like a tomb, the old farmhouse could not just be called cheerful; and yet its location was delightful, its neighborhood desir- able; all that was needed was an owner of taste to transform it into a charming house that would be- come a delightful home. Of course the old farm and its buildings had been woefully neglected before coming into Mr. Thomas’s posses- sion, and except for the old wing, which dated back to the Dutch period in New Jersey’s history, they had no interest whatsoever to the casual observer. The remodeling has resulted in a delightful rambling type of house, as one may see from the floor plans, though the porch, terraces, and piazza give it a sense of more October, 1911 compactness than it had originally. Such good points as the old building held have been retained by the architect in the remodeled struc- ture, with much cor- recting of faulty line, plan, and de- tail, and much tear- ing down and re- building. This sug- gests that there is a certain pleasure in remodeling an old building that is as distinct as in watch- ing the building of a new dwelling. That, perhaps, is because there is always a certain satisfaction AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS igs #. 1 House of Mr. J. E. Thomas before remo in making even the inanimate bend to our dictation, a sense which is essentially distinct from that of creating. The Thomas house could hardly have a lovlier setting than that which surrounds it to- day—poplars, apple trees, cherry trees, shrubbery, vines, and a beautiful, trim garden, walled with sweet-flowering shrubs and perennials, a broad path leading around its parallel- ogram center of sod, set with beds of petunias and other old- fashioned plants, with here and there an evergreen lending rich color to the lighter green of the foliage surrounding it. A porch upheld by two Doric columns serves as the carriage entrance to the north, and connecting with the south ssa TERRACE eas (aad PRO on” I =— 7 &RRACE Porcy i} aki deling. Its wild and unattractive grounds 381 places. On either side of the fireplace of the northern half are built-in book- cases, designed to accord with the style of the adjoin- ing woodwork. The doors and windows of the living-room were retained from the old house and remain unchanged. The woodwork of this room is white, while its wall-cover- ing is buff brown. In remodel- ing the old house the location of the old dining-room was retained, and its windows face both north and south. The room has been entirely refitted, however, and a brick fireplace added to the east wall Dining voor PALL Buz lis Panjpey [oREsséA UT i} HAITCHGV Braakrasr tf SAK Rooy | Bl id =| Ground plan of the remodeled Thomas house Porch) | between the doors leading into the breakfast-room and _ into the butler’s pantry. The din- ing-room is mainly lighted by the three French windows to the south, opening upon the terrace that leads into the gar- den, just below the breakfast- room. Green and white is the color scheme that has been chosen for the dining-room. A bay window overlooks the north approach to the house. Some lovely bits of old china are to be found in the china closet occupying the southwest corner of the room. The breakfast-room gives access to the service end of the house. side is a broad balustraded wooden terrace, latticed below This often neglected part is here especially well arranged. The bedroom floor is well planned, and the problem to admit air and light to the cellar. this porch are filled with leaded glass, ‘simple and elegant in design, with an appropri- ate Colonial fan- light transom above. To the tight of this en- tranae (which leads directly through the gray- papered hallway to the piazza entrance on the south side) is a living-room that has been made out of two smaller rooms thrown to- gether. This is di- vided midway by fluted columns and pilasters, and con- tains the unusual luxury of two fire- House of M Pus r. J. E. Thomas Terre? The double doors of after remodeling is encircled with vines and bushes here required much thought on the part of the architect. All bedrooms have windows either upon facing walls ORG StOl pila ced that they ensure a proper current of air passing through the rooms. There are four bedrooms and two bathrooms for the family use on the second © floor, and the additional rooms for the ser- vants are over the service part of the ground floor. While the bedrooms and bathrooms for the servants are large and light, it seems 382 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, rort A superb stairway in remodeled Thomas house Library and living-room of remodeled Thomas house, contains two fireplaces unfortunate that no closet room could be found here, an whole being roofed over with a tin roof supported by four omission too often occuring in rooms planned for the use fluted columns. Low-hanging awnings keep out the mid- of servants, though in the case of a remodeled house of this day sun rays, and a cool bank of miniature evergreens be- sort it would, perhaps, have been sees hind a silver birch suggests se- dificult to arrange it otherwise. | | clusion, as does the vine-covered All the floors in the Thomas i | pergola terrace adjoining the house were newly constructed 7 ‘ oe tT. me house on the west side. The and covered with polished hard- chimneys on this remodeled wood strips. Although no period house are well placed, and the is carried out in the furniture of two chimneys on the west side the various rooms, these acces- cop eee have been retained but made at- sories to the house are in accord orcad Penege| (Game Ny [fr amis eet tractive by being cemented and with its non-period exterior, and there is a sense of home feeling about the entire place that more than compensates for lack of more precise selection in the mat- ter of the furnishings. The piazza of the Thomas house is decidedly well arranged, although it may seem to intrude upon the general lines of The rectangular base of this piazza is broken by a circular outward swing, the the house directly attached to it. ee Bed-room floor of remodeled Thomas house f iy , ji y y MYL MY, SIS) / 7147, / im ee, f dT, finished off with a darker band top. Altogether the Thomas house is one of the thoroughly success- ful examples of the remodeled farmhouses of the sort, an ex- ample of careful planning, result- ing in a dignified country home having the aspect of comfort and refinement and individual charm, a hint of the courageous element in architecture that opens a breadth of suggestion to the home-builder of to-day. October, 1911 ju Cite a a a es x = AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS mee: J ar we eae 383 bral me ’ %, PN rise The Table Some Novel and Appetizing Salads By Lydia M. Westcott Photographs by Mary H. Northend ~} KNOW a model hostess who never makes “trouble” of company, but who delights in giving novel little unexpected entertain- ments. Her porch teas and lawn lunch- eons of the past summer were the delight and wonder of the neighborhood. And yet her impromptu little affairs never ap- pear to require the least exertion or expense. She seldom gives a “big” affair; there is never any attempt at display. But husbands are frequently phoned for to “run right up from business without going home,” and meet their wives for a porch tea. Or a little informal luncheon forms a mid- day entertainment for a few congenial housewives. And there is never a gathering in which that ingenious hostess does not have at least one novel dish, in the appetizing bill of fare, that is new and quaint as well as delicious. Strange desserts of fascinating flavors; manipulations of meat, fowl, and fish to delight the most fastidious epicure; vegetables most temptingly Frenchified, and novel forms of brown breads and hot biscuit; all have their share of well-deserved praise. But in all her original and novel recipes, this hostess particularly excels in her salads. VARIETY SALAD: — It is not an original idea, of course, to utilize all sorts of vegetable left-overs from yesterday's din- ner for to-day’s salad. All practical housewives who delight in French methods of table economy know how to take a few well-cooked string beans, bits of boiled cauliflower and aspar- agus tips, with probably a few green peas and a little sweet corn shaved from the cob, and make a delicious salad by mixing all together, piling on lettuce leaves, and covering with mayonnaise dressing. But few have ever thought of serving this same sort of variety salad in individual flavors, as this hostess did at a recent luncheon. It took but a few extra minutes to arrange the salad on individual dishes. In this instance there were only five guests to serve, making six with herself. Each green lettuce leaf in the individual dishes was dotted with four tiny white leaves of curled lettuce; on one was piled a teaspoonful of string beans chopped fine, on another bits of thinly sliced cauliflower, on another a teaspoonful of peas, and on the fourth was a pile of tender asparagus tips. ach separate vegetable was covered with mayonnaise dressing to hide its identity, and the distinctive flavors was a surprise; being much more pleasing than the usual mixture. A thick slice of hard- boiled egg surrounded by a ring of finely chopped onion in the center of the dish, separated the vegetables and dec- orated the festive salad. Fruir SALaApDs daintily arranged on curly lettuce leaves, and coated with the particular dressing suited to their flavors, frequently excite wonderment as to the ingredients used. A novel combination is formed of thin slices of tart raw: apples and equally thin slices of mild Bermuda onions, covered with egg dressing. Sour canned cherries chopped fine, and mixed with bananas cut in tiny cubes, form a rich salad with mayonnaise dressing. Sliced bananas serve in another combination. The rind of a lemon is grated over the bananas, and after removing Simple salad garnished with parsley Green pepper filled with peanut salad 384 Mixed salad the white inner rind, the lemon is sliced very thin, remov- ing the tough center and the seeds. Banana and lemon slices are carefully mixed and served with plain egg dressing. Oranges thinly sliced may be mixed with the bananas for a change; and the lemon slices, chopped very fine, form a delicious combination with shredded pineapple covered with cream dressing. The presence of a sweet fruit with the acid of the lemon or the orange may be made to form several novel combinations. CAULIFEOWER SALAD: The cauliflower may be used by itself, or mixed with finely chopped green peppers. Boil a fresh, firm head of cauliflower until it is tender. Immediately after removing it from the boiling water squeeze the juice of a lemon over it, and set it aside to cool. ‘Then break the head into small flowerets, place them on crisp lettuce leaves, sea- son with salt and pepper, dot with the chopped green peppers, and cover with mayonnaise dressing. Nur Saraps: Nuts form a nutritious and appetizing salad, and may be used in a variety of combinations. Pea- nuts are frequently used alone; peanuts and English walnuts are still more desirable; the walnuts chopped with blanched almonds form a dainty combination. Remove all the brown inner skin from the peanuts after shelling, and place the dif- ferent nuts in a wooden bowl, and chop very fine with the meat-chopper. Marinate well with thin French dressing and serve on curly lettuce leaves with mayonnaise dressing. Nuts chopped with crisp celery are especially appetizing, and for a change may be served with egg dressing. APPLE SALAD: Polish tart, red-cheeked apples to form attractive salad cups, then proceed to utilize the centers as well as the apple shells. Remove and discard the cores, then remove the apple in ‘“‘chunks”’ until well hollowed out; but do AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, IQII Molded salad not break the skin. Chop the pieces of apple into cubes, mix with an equal quantity of finely chopped celery. The flavor will also be improved by adding a few walnut or hickory nut meats, chopped fine. Mix with cream dressing. Fill the apple shells, set each apple on an individual salad dish, and surround the apple with aruffle of parsley, dotted with dressing. TURKISH SALAD: Various salad combinations are known as Turkish salads, but the genuine Turkish is claimed to be a blending of cold baked beans or cold soup beans, well cooked and drained, with chopped onions and either cream or may- onnaise dressing. When the onions are grated over the beans, instead of being chopped, the effect is more pleasing; mix with a little thick dressing to hold the beans together, pile on thick slices of ripe red tomatoes, and pour the dressing over the whole. FRENCH BEAN SALapD: To be really Frenchified, this salad must not only be formed of the so-called French beans also known as red kidney beans—but it must be very daint- ily decorated with “‘riced” eggs. ‘This garnish is made by boiling the eggs until hard and then mashing and pressing through a vegetable sieve, forming a flaky rice of egg. In this instance press the whites and the yolks of the eggs separately through the fine sieve. Pile the tender, well-boiled and drained kidney beans in the center of the salad dishes, pour French dressing over the beans, surround the beans with a ring of riced white of egg and then with a ring of riced yolks, and decorate the center of the salad with a mayon- naise star made by pressing the thick yellow dressing through a star pastry tube. Entire beans increase the attractiveness. PINEAPPLE SALAD IN ToMATo Cups: Select large, ripe tomatoes, scoop out the centers to form thin-shelled cups. Chop slices of pineapple into tiny cubes or tiny shreds, and marinate with French dressing made with lemon juice. Apple and onion salad French bean salad_ October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix Then chop together one hard-boiled egg with the tomato removed from the cups. Place in each tomato cup a layer of the pineapple, then a layer of the tomato and egg, and continue until the cups are nearly full, finishing with mayonnaise dressing. Garnish with parsley. AtrracTIvE Beet SaALaps: Boiled red beets can be formed into many delicious salads and attractive garnishes. Cold boiled beets sliced and piled on the salad dish, with tings of hard-boiled eggs piled on lettuce leaves, and dressed with mayonnaise, form a tasty salad without extra garnish. Large beets cut in sticks and latticed to form baskets or nests make a salad novelty ; especially when the contents of nests or baskets are of novel combination. Olives cut in quarters and mixed with finely chopped celery and French dressing may fill some of the nests. Beets and hard-boiled eggs chopped and heaped together may be surrounded with beet sticks arranged in log- cabin form. After filling the top with may- onnaise dressing, dot it with quartered or sliced olives. THe Favorite SAaLtap Dressinc: The housewife and hostess who understands the quick preparation of a variety of salad dressings possesses an invaluable aid to sum- mer catering. There are a variety of egg dressings, and also of cream dressings, all easily prepared and indispensable for va- riety in salads. Then the reliable French dressing used for binding together and flav- oring various salad materials, and the al- ways-necessary mayonnaise, may be made in quantity, and will keep for several days. Cream Dressincs: For a_ delicious cooked cream dressing, beat two eggs thor- oughly, add to them one gill of cream and a gill of vinegar, heat gradually in a double boiler, and when hot and ready to blend and cook, add a teaspoonful each of pre- pared mustard and salt and a pinch of cay- enne pepper. Cook all together for about five minutes, until thoroughly blended and creamy. The dressing should be of the con- sistency of soft custard. If it fails to thicken sufficiently, add a teaspoonful of flour mixed smooth with a very little milk. Cold cream dressing, to be served imme- diately, may be made with either sweet or sour cream. Whip the cream with a little lemon juice or vinegar, and season with ———— pepper and salt. When light and foamy, pour over the salad just before serving. is ott SU FRENCH SALAD DressinG: Vinegar and Olive oil, with a little pepper and salt and prepared mustard, form the favorite French 5 dressing for binding salad ingredients to- B gether. Two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, earings with five of olive oil, half a teaspoonful of TT salt and a generous pinch of cayenne pep- Sil per, should be thoroughly beaten together, Votes Avil Ti, and it is ready for use. It may be made in SM TTT ' 1 dn we TH E BEST HOUS E Artistic Lighting Effects There is a distinctiveness about Handel Lamps and Light- ing Fixtures—a striking beauty and individuality of design that adds the final touch to the well- furnished rcom. The shades are gems of ex- quisite design and superb color- ing. The standards are grace- ful in form and thorough in workmanship. The Handel productions comprise many styles’ of lamps and lighting ' fixtures for elec- tricity, gas or oil. They furnish a clear, mellow light which does not tire the eyes. You may purchase Handel Lamps at leading jewelers and lighting fixture dealers. We will gladly refer you to the dealer nearest you. If you are planning the light- ing of anew home or wish to improve your present lighting, our booklet, “Suggestions for Good Lighting,” will give you many helpful ideas. : We will be pleased to send You a copy on request. The illustration herewith shows electric dome No. 5381, for library, dining-room or hall. The Handel Co. 393 East Main Street MERIDEN, CONN. New York Showrooms, 64 Murray St. : © ll quantity and kept for use, being beaten am | fresh when poured over the salads. DOOR HANGER MAYONNAISE DreEsstnc: This has long ara , pe te Pai ame peas ae ie | | Frame ALL STEEL. orm of salad, and it is frequently used in Sea ws. : connection with other dressings. It may I »\ | } Bearing made and hardened es [Le in quantity, using pint or quart bot- ; i | | il just the same as similar bicycle tles of olive oil, and the other ingredients in i mM ‘ proportion, when there are numerous guests Te 7 parts. Hanger guaranteed In to be served, or when it is desirable to Ask keep the dressing for several days for use - | every respect. sk any on a variety of salads. For the pint of olive oil use the yolks of two raw eggs. One tea- G& | ‘ spoonful of prepared mustard, one-half tea- ml I spoonful of salt, one-fourth teaspoonful of ll}: ™ a Get our Catalogue. cayenne pepper, half a cup of vinegar, and ———— — pe ieee oe one ee Have the mixing s0wl ice cold, or, better still, set it on a little chopped ice. Mix the mustard, pepper and LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, Manufacturers salt together, add the yolks of eggs, and 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. beat until thick and creamy ; then add, drop dealer or write us. a un A | ! ] x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 Sisacesseae53 == === ESRRERSRRERRaS 2 Clinton Wire Lath is Unsurpassed for use in exterior as well as interior plaster work. A wire mesh made up of drawn steel wire of high quality, galvanized after weaving, and provided with our famous V-stiffeners affords the ideal material for supporting stucco. Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the plaster eliminates all danger of cracking. In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away. [i] "a (al Write for descriptive matter — ee es oes st aa favaaubean ~TThilhiftt—" —FeITINTORE MOR SIS TE = Bil chee Se =e [mas EECECOC EEL LE eee eet, ~ — 4 § JUST PUBLISHED TWO FAMILY @® TWIN HOUSES ONSISTING of a_ variety of designs contributed by leading ar- chitects in all parts of the country, showing the latest ideas in planning this class of dwellings in city, village and sub- urbs, together with very complete de- scriptions covering all the latest improve- ments in sanitation, heating, lighting, etc. In presenting this collection of designs the editor has had in mind the large demand for improved house accommodations on comparatively small lot areas, and Meals We guarantee the Harris Wood Fibre Mantle to outlas t Lhree.< ordinary mantles ior to any other mantle at > give one th 1 more lig ht; repre ror ina free from shrinkage prease in candle p prepald, for $1.00, mantles for p tion wire or tube We Want Des and Manufacturers? Agents Everywhere. Write for mrentey Making Proposition. i THE HARRIS WOOD FIBRE MANTLE CO. ; 405 Harris Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. $2 postpald Ww e1 sind A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE q Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. m= plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti- cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear the script name of a Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get “Improved,” no tacks required. Wood Roilers Tin Rollers has endeavored to collate designs from all parts of the country, representing the handling of the subject by practis- ing architects in their efforts to meet the needs of their clients in this respect. Two Detailed Specifications and Sixty Designs Elaborately illustrated and accompanied by full descriptive text. Size, 8x10'% inches, bound in Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 361 Broadway, New York illustrated board. MUNN & CO., Inc., by drop, about two tablespoonfuls of the olive oil, stirring constantly to the thick paste, formed slowly, beat in a tablespoon- ful of the vinegar or lemon juice, and con- tinue beating in first the oil and then the vinegar until the entire quantity is used and the dressing is rich and very thick and creamy. When put ina jar, covered closely, and placed in the ice-box, it will keep for several days, and should not be mixed with the salads until just before serving. Ecc _ Dresstnes: Hard-boiled eggs, mashed and creamed together, with a little butter or olive oil seasoned with pepper and salt, and thinned with vinegar, form a quickly prepared salad dressing that is al- ways tasty. The hard-boiled eggs, both the whites and the yolks, should be mashed and creamed with the butter while hot. For a creamy egg dressing, beat two eggs with a tablespoonful of flour thinned and smoothed in a little cold milk, add a tea- spoonful of butter and half a cupful of vinegar; beat thoroughly together and cook in a double boiler, beating when hot until creamy and thick. SPANISH Dresstnc: A rich salad dress- ing, with a distinct flavor of onion and cel- ery and green peppers, may be made to keep several days when carefully prepared in quantity. Mix in the proportion of one cup- ful of vinegar and one of water to two eggs. Place the water and vinegar in a saucepan with a_ tablespoonful each of butter and sugar, a teaspoonful each of salt and pre- pared mustard, and a pinch of cayenne pep- per. Slice one large or two small onions with one green pepper and two stalks of celery. Then chop the onion, pepper and celery together until very fine and smooth and well mixed. Beat the two eggs to a froth, stir into the warm liquid in the saucepan, and bring to a quick boil, beating thoroughly to keep the eggs from curdling ; then add the chopped dressing, and cream all together. This dressing is especially fine for serv- ing with the chicken salad and various meat salads, as well as for cold slaw and potato salad. It may also be used to give pleasing variety to the various fruit and vegetable salads here enumerated. If the Spanish flavor of onions and green peppers should not be desirable, these may be omitted with- out altering the texture or quality of the dressing. When fresh celery cannot be readily obtained, celery seed will give addi- tional flavor. DELICIOUS CITRON. The green melon known as_ preserving citron is at its best in the October fields and markets; but it is seldom appreciated because of its tendency to toughen when put up in the usual-manner by placing immedi- ately in the sugar syrup to cook. The first secret of its success is to steam the citron cubes until tender, before adding to the syrup. After cutting the big citron into quarters, remove the seeds and pulp, and pare off a rather thick rind. Then slice the quarters into long strips, and cut the strips into half inch cubes. Place the cubes in a steamer where they will cook until tender without breaking or mashing; and while steaming make a syrup of sufficient quantity to cover the citron, by placing in the preserving kettle sugar and water in the proportion of one cup of water to each pound of sugar. For each cup of boiled syrup allow one small lemon, sliced and boiled in the syrup until tender. Then add the steamed cubes of citron, and cook down until the citron is transparent, and the syrup thick and rich. Seal in air-tight jars, A few pieces of ginger root cooked with the lemon gives additional flavor ; but the simple lemon flavoring is usually preferred. October, IgII GARDEN NOTES This department is conducted by an experienced and practical landscape architect, who extends an invitation to the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS to send to the Garden Editor inquiries on any matter pertaining to the developing of the garden and the home grounds. Letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this department. More About Bulbs By NORMAN L. CHESTER HIS is the season for potting bulbs, for house flowering, and for completing outside planting, which may be done up to the middle of the month unless un- toward local conditions and frosts prevail. The amateur gardener will learn from ex- perience that bulbs planted sparsely never produce pleasing effects. Instead, one should plan beds or borders so the spring blossom- ing may produce a pattern of rich color, and not a thin, spotted appearance, for one must take into account the fact that the flowers will have little green other than their own to offset them. As the frosts come on the bulb garden should be covered with a protecting mulch. Old leaves saved from the fall rak- ings are excellent for this purpose. Indeed, the garden-maker should always have a “leaf bin” for storing up such leaves, thus giving him a good supply of mulching ma- terial. Jt is a common error among those who lack experience to mulch skimpingly— that is to say, to run the mulch just over the surface covered by the planting—whereas it should extend a couple of feet over and be- yond the borders of a bed where possible. This is explained by the fact that the mulch may be regarded as a blanket on top of the bed to keep the plants warm, and to do this it must “hang” over them. With the ap- proach of warm days in early spring, part of the mulch may be removed, of course, but it is much better not to remove it all at once. Bulbs need moving around to obtain the best results, and although Tulips and Crocuses may have come up well enough for several seasons, moving them will greatly benefit their next season. Although September is the best time for planting Tulips, as it is for planting Crocus, Narcissus, Daffodils, Jonquils, Winter Aco- nite, it often happens that the beds or bor- ders in which these bulbs have already been set in past seasons, or where they are to be started anew, are occupied by later flower- ing perennials, which makes it impossible to plant bulbs therein until October, when these perennials will be out of the way. In selecting Tulips, the single varieties are rec- ommended for early flowering and gar- den appearance. Of course, the double flowered varieties have their loyal admirers also. Such varieties remain in bloom longer than single Tulips, but to the writer’s mind nothing quite takes the place of the loveliness of the single flowers. In planting late Tulips the amateur gardener must bear in mind the fact that in order to give these time to reach that full development of the gorgeous bloom that is their glory, the planting beds cannot be utilized for other things sufficiently early on their account to make it practicable at all times to introduce late Tulips into the smaller of our gardens. The Crocus ought to have been in the ground in September, and no time should be lost in setting out its bulbs, choosing a sunny situation and a soil that assures good drainage. Crocus bulbs are enterprising and grow on even though they are not put in the soil; that is the reason late planting is never to be encouraged. Narcissus bulbs may still be planted. As the Narcissus, Daffodil and Jonquil are perfectly hardy, there are few flowering bulbs which give the garden-maker such thorough satisfaction. In planting Narcis- sus, remember that they are far more ef- fective in clumps, although if hundreds of them are available they form an exquisite adjunct when scattered, naturalized, through the tall-growing grasses of a light grove. Set the Narcissus bulbs about six inches apart and about four inches deep. It is a pity that the lovely Snowdrop (Ga- lanthus nivalis) does not receive more en- couragement in the home garden. Hardly is the snow gone before its dear little flow- ers appear, and after they are once set out under proper conditions the bulbs of the Snowdrop remain fruitful and blossom from one year to another with great con- stancy. Snowdrops should always be planted as thickly as possible—naturalized by scattering them about the lawn will al- ways amply reward one’s effort in the ex- periment. Two other dainty flowers, Chionodoxa, with its deep-blue blossoms, and the blue- flowered stars of the Scilla (Scilla Sibirica) may be planted like the Snowdrop, and to these bulbs may be added the Winter Aco- nite, whose yellow blossoms deserve much more attention than they receive at present. Potting bulbs for indoor winter flowering should not be delayed, for they must be given plenty of time in which to root well before they will start the growth that leads to mature blossoming. Perhaps the most satisfactory method of indoor bulb garden- ing 1s to start the bulbs in six-inch pots, each pot containing several. Only bulbs of the same variety should be planted in the same pots. Before putting in the soil, soak the pots in hot water and then in cold. This ensures their keeping the potting soil moist in the beginning. Next put in a few pieces of broken pot to facilitate drainage at the bottom. Cover this with a thin layer of sphagnum moss or cocoanut fibre, such as one may obtain from any florist or seeds- man. Having partially filled the pot with soil, until the tops of the bulbs set upon it come nearly to the top of the rim of the pot, fill in the rest of the pot, allowing, of course, sufficiently for watering space and leaving the necks of the bulbs just peeping above the soil level. After potting the bulbs, they must under- go a process known as plunging. That is, they should be set outside in some protected part of the garden in their pots, on a layer of ashes and filled in with a mulch of ashes, tanbark or some other protecting material of the sort. Another method is to stand the pots on the floor of a cool cellar, which gives access to plenty of air. Plunging facilitates the growth of the roots which are to bring to the bulb the nourishment that will sus- tain the flowering period. Three months after potting the bulbs should become firmly rooted. When one wishes to force the bulbs into bloom after that, the pots may be lifted from the “plunge” as _ re- quired and brought into the heat of the house. They will then produce flowers in four or five weeks. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xl ORCHIDS You can grow them in your greenhouse. Write to-day for illustrated Orchid book with full in- formation, description and prices, or visit our nurseries. JULIUS ROEHRS CoO. Exotic Nurseries Rutkerford, N. J. “8 Viue grows ill » The New Berry—Giant Himalaya <.. LIKE a blackberry, but NOT a blackberry. 40 feet a year unless t 4 Ss stand the wintersin any pa mous crops of rich, blac gathered from 500 plants sweet, melting delicious. 1C cents each: $1 ozen Add 10 per cent wh DALE BERRY BOOK. out other x berries for home and market. Berrydale Experi- ment Gardens, American Ave. Holland, Mich. ell SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. 0 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of a Missouri River—Cash with order. Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. MOLES brownie Bean Send 25 cents for enough beans for small lawn or garden, or $1.00 for carton containing over 500 beans. BROWNIE CHEMICAL CoO., Bound Brook, N. J. ‘STABLE: MANURE. Beautiful Terraces “¢ 2°50" °°" ey KALAKA Sh Sown like other grass seed but it comes up where all others Needs only soil ail. Kalaka is seed and fertilizer mixed. ‘¢ moisture. A marvel for bringing up new lawns z Wi] \h \ plenishing old ones. Cheaper, goes furt t “% Instructive booklet, ‘‘How to Make a Lawn”’ is free. y ma The Kalaka Co., or it. 25 Exchange Ave., x ee taion Sack yards” Chicago, Il tw “Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book Ee, that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and C= Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer- \ ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 E Pern St, Reading, Pa. i GINSENG were Canada. Our booklet AV tells particulars. Send 4 cents for postage. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. THE? sat S GE bigpasal 5“ $25,000.00 from one-half acre. Easily grown SEWAGE DISPOSAL Without Sewers FOR COUNTRY HOMES Illustrated Booklet Free ddress Ashley House Sewage Disposal Co. 115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, IIl. SUN DIALS Any Latitude E. B. MEYROWITZ, 1065 East 23d St., New York Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris A Beautiful Illustrated Book- let, ‘WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon re- quest. Estimates furnished. ALL Pumps xinos CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Take off gour Hat te The Myers!” BEST PUMP ON EARTH. ~ F. Write for Circulars and Prices E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works FRANCIS HOWARD 15 E. 34th St., N.Y.C. Benches, Pedestals, Fouts, Vases, Busts. GARDEN EXPERT Send 15c. for Booklet xii AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS October, 1911 400 PLANS FOR $1.00 (Add 25c. for Postage) : z Design No. 52---$2,200 Blue Print Plans and Specifications only $10 Palatial Modern Homes Low Cost Modern Homes Cottages and Bungalows~ - 8101 Murray Block Modern Plumbing Illustrated By R.M. 55 Fut ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 age and ments and all branches are given. @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illustrated follow in the next column, MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway PAGES OF We will send the readers of this magazine our big books of plans showing over four hundred designs of single and double houses, flats, cot- tages and bungalows costing $300 to $12,000 for only $1.00 and 25c. to cover actual cost of mailing. These books show floor plans, exterior views, give full description, price of plans and cost to build each house. These books regularly sell for 50c. each, but we will send you all for cnly $1 and postage if you order now. ‘These books are: $3,500 to $10,000; 50c per copy $1,500 to $2,000; 50c per copy STARBUCK 400 (10'4 x7") PAGES q A comprehensive and up-to-date work illustrating and de- scribing the Drain- Ventilation of Dwellings, Apart- Public Buildings, etc. The very latest and most approved methods in of Sanitary Installation New York City $300 to $9,000; 50c per copy J. H. DAVERMAN & SON, Architects Grand Rapids, Mich. SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumb- ing Fixtures and Groups of kixtures Traps — Venting Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet. Floor and Yard Drains, ete. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Connections fete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift—Sump Tank Disposal of Sewage of Underground High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphous Yneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor P: actice Roughing—Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings Cellar Work House Drain—House Sewer—Sewer Connections Plumbing for Cottage House Plumbing for Residence Plumbing for Two-Flat Hcuse Plumbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Building Plumbing for Public ‘Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment Plumbing for Fngine Houses Plumbing for Stables Plumbing for Factories . lumbing for School Houses, etc. | by Electricity Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes Floors of American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American sent to one address for one year. $6 Int dB, Gy OP JL NER. IL, Se THREE THINGS YOU NEED FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in metal receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket with bail. Garbage cannot freeze, e : Avoid the battered can and scattered refuse Opens with the Foot resulting from removal of frozen contents. Health demands it. gv | Underground Garbage Receiver mma | Underfloor Refuse Receiver | Underground Earth Closet SECOND: This clean, convenient & way of disposing of ashes from furnace = or hot water heater, cellar and yard refuse, Fireproof, flush with floor. Abolish the old ash-barrel. THIRD: It supplies a safe and sanitary & method to keep your water supply safe from No Odor pollution. It prevents Easy to sweep into danger from the house or typhoid fly, around camp or farm, dissemin ating its poisonous germs to your family. Nine Years in practical use. It pays to look us up. Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfe. 21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass, Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas. sun dials and garden furniture or A 40 of wood columns. Hartmann - Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES., Eastern Office : 1123 Broadway, New York City CHICAGO, ILL. Our illustration shows the attractive effect that can be obtained by adopting pergola treatment for your garage. This adds but very little to the cost of the building and makes it an attractive feature of your general landscape scheme instead of an eyesore, as it frequently is. CHIMNEYS AND VENTILATION OOD chimneys in private houses have received less attention from house- builders than almost any other single feature, and in a great measure we owe the coldness of our homes in winter to faulty chimney construction more than to poor furnaces and ranges. Mills, factories and general manufacturing plants are bet- ter equipped in this respect than the private home, for the good-working chimney is vital to the whole success of the former struc- tures. The manufacturer of steam or hot water plants, or of good coal furnaces, is fearfully handicapped when he comes to figuring on the warming of a house with an inferior chimney. He will perhaps name a relatively high figure for the installation, so he can put ina larger heating plant than should be necessary “for the space to be heated, or he may make the specifications to fit the case and trust that the fault will be attached to the chimney and not to his heat- ing plant. The most common fault of chimneys is that the Nues are too small, and the second fault lies in sharp bends and rough work, A thin chimney is generally bad, for the air inside is then easily cooled from outside contact, and this intereferes with the draught. lor ornamental purposes, many houses are built with the chimney on the outside of the walls. This is bad policy unless the walls are unusually thick, and even then there will be a certain waste of heat. Common sense and science should dictate the placing of the chimney as near the center of the house as possible, and then all the heat will be retained inside of the house, and not be allowed to escape out- doors by radiation. Before steam plants and modern fur- naces were invented, the old Colonial build- ers put their huge chimneys in the center of the buildings. The chimney was large, with thick walls, ample flues, and with scarcely a bend in it. The result was a fine draught in all kinds of weather. They were built for comfort, and not for ornament. We must, to some extent, go back to these early principles to get good working chimneys. So far as possible, the chimney should consist of a stack of flues, and it should be ample of size, and rear its head straight up through the center of the house. Architects are beginning to build in this way in many parts of the country, and they are not afraid of showing their chimneys. A number of years ago there seemed to come into fashion an idea that the chimney was something to be ashamed of, and there- fore it was hidden from view as much as possible. It was given such a low head and such narrow proportions that often it was scarcely visible to any except the rear side. The result of this was smoky houses and cold living-rooms. Latterly the chimney, both as a useful and ornamental article, has come into favor. It is being made an integral part of the building, so that its presence enhances rather than detracts from the general effect. Built in this way, there is no reason why it should not be designed to produce excellent results. No sharp bends should be allowed in the chimney, and smooth tile flues should be used. Rough flues favor deposits of soot, especially if the coal is of a bituminous na- ture, and this means frequent cleaning or poor draught. A chimney that does not draw well burns out in about half the time that one with a good draught does. The reason for this is that the soot which col- lects in it is laden with creosote from wood October, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii You Need This Book to Help You Decorate Plants from Biltmore Nursery Aull Grow and Bloom inYour Garden The rugged health of the hardy plants grown in the “Land of the Sky”’ is an assurance that they will carry their vigor and strength to Are you planning a new home, or about to decorate your present their new home—your garden—no matter Ay ae ia Gh SRO ts ae where it may be located. Nature’s rich colors, , ; tints and hues are reflected in the flowers that : = Decorative Biltmore plants produce. Here, too, the Iris grows to perfection, wih great strong roots that are ready to push up spikes of bloom that all but rival the blue of the mountain sky. That you may know these flowers in their natural beauty we have just published The Iris Catalogue Interior Finishing” will be of great assist- ance in suggesting color schernes and in advising DYLAN DU CUNS GP NAT DN uaa aN OER This story of the Biltmore Iris tells about eR a ec eee the many varieties we grow here, and how f ie Fea you may succeed with them in your garden. es your woodwork. The book is illustrated with picturcsio acts It’s free. plantings, and also shows many of the Iris in their glorious natural Send for It colors. It tells, also, about the Hardy Garden Flowers arene ee PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES We make over 300 kinds, so that every con- dition that your finishing requires will be fully met by a varnish made especially for that condi- tion. Behind each varnish is an experience of 62 years making varnishes the best they can be made. If you would guarantee to yourself lasting sat- isfaction, see that the varnish your architect speci- fies or painter uses bears the Pratt & Lambert Jabel and that it is the kind we make especially for the purpose you have in mind. Us A booklet of 64 pages, shows with photographic illustration and describes in clear language the hardy perennials that grow at Biltmcre. You will find that it describes many plants you remember from tte gardens of your youth, and which you have long wanted to have. Flowering Trees and Shrubs Another booklet of in- terest to all who plan to beautify the home grounds. It describes and illustrates most of the shrubs and trees adapted for lawn and gar- den planting and that give a profusion of fragrant flowers, 64 pages, finely illustrated, showing typical plantings in gardens, lawns, estates. Biltmore Nursery Catalogue More than a catalogue—a guide to the trees and plants of North America. Persons who wish to plan complete plantings will find it indispensable. Nearly 200 pages, richly illustrated, making a com- plete showing of the hardy and vigorous products of Biltmore Nursery. Send for the book that will help you most—you are welcome to a copy of any one of them. BILTMORE NURSERY, Biltmore, N. C. LDU SS MYDS ENIAC EURG OE SL IR a aR eR SOT sS ‘= E a Box 1104 JUST PUBLISHED A Complete and Authoritative American Work! Standard Practical Plumbing BY R. M. STARBUCK Author of “Modern Plumbing Illustrated ” etc., etc. Octavo, (6% x 9% inches), 406 pages, 347 illustrations. Price, $3.00 postpaid. This work is especially strong in its exhaustive treatment of the skilled work of the plumber and commends itself at once to everyone working in any branch ofthe plumbing trade. Itis indispensable to the master plumber, the journeyman plumber and the apprentice plumber. Plumbing in all its branches is treated within the pages of this book, and a large amount of space is devoted to a very complete and practical treatment of the ae subjects of hot-water supply, circulation SY] and range boiler work. The illustrations, of which there are three hundred and forty- Sie ASA YSERA ITN PASTA NESTA NNSA AA NEAT VOLO TN STROSS The Long-Life WHITE ENAME wili enable you to secure the purest permanent white effects. It never discolors, cracks nor chips. Flows easily and dries hard and smooth, without a trace of brush-mark or lap. That is why it is so easy for anyone to apply it successfullv. It is proof against weather conditions, and is unexcelled for interior or exterior work on wood, plaster or metal. Your bathroom, kitchen and at least one bedroom should be finished with Vitralite. Vitralite enamels white— makes rooms cheerful and bright. Sample Panel and Vitralite Booklet Sent Free f The question of floor finish is settled by ““61’’ Floor Var- | nish, the one varnish made especially to withstand the hard STANDARD - PRACTICAL PLUMBING ReM. STARBUCK Ba EDUCT UOMO EAN DUN EL SUS ALIEN ESTILO SUNT ALD nat seven, one hundred being full-page illustrations, were made ex- pressly for this book, and show the most modern and best Am- erican practice in plumbing construction. Following is a list of the chapters: MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York : ee - - usage all floors receive. 61’? is mar-proof, water-proof, heel-proof. Send for Free Sample Panel finished with “61” ESTABLISHED 62 Years “tex2o. FLIP EARS LAN WLLL CALL LOOT FE.» ‘The Pee Podles EE Residence Plumbing. II. Wiping Solder, Composi- XIX. Plumbin fom seLlotels, - ; a, Jj tion and Use. Y Schools, Factories, Sta- Stamp on it and prove you may dent the wood but the varnish Ill. Joint Wiping. es, Etc. ; 10 “rack , = ing Aico es BA Pe te a ee : won't crack. You II find our free book, “‘The Finished V. Traps. ae! » Floor,’’ valuable. Send for it. ve Se roneee of Traps. XXI. ies, Le Peace and te VII. ‘enting. Jater Supply. 4 Pita ca ‘6 7 ad 3] VIII. Continuous Venting. XXII. Hot and Cold Supply. Bp Hiyouy deal COs ONG you the “*P & L = IX. House Sewer and Sewer XXIII. Range Boilers; Circula- cs arnish you want, send direct to us at s Connections. tion. 3] 119 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, New York = X. House Drain. ey Crewlatne Pipes. XI. Soil Piping, Roughing. XX Range Boiler Problems. wris t XIL Main Trap and Fresh KXVI. Hot Water’ for Large In Ganaday oe pone mene Stree Air Inlet. Zuildings. Sridgeburs, ntario Mil, Floor, WVard, Cellar XXVIII. Water Lift and Its Use. ‘ Drains, Rain Leaders, XXVIII. Multiple Connections for Etc. Hot Water 3oilers; XIV. Fixture Wastes. Heating of Radiation xy Water Closets. by Supply System. XVI. Ventilation. XXIX. Theory for the Plumber. VRE TSS ae Ss Ss XVII. Improved Plumbing Con- XXX. Drawing for the Plum- a a : PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES xiv ! AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 —_£€;,; Ts Beautiful Interiors will be more beautiful if you equip the entire building with Morgan Doors—the lightest, strongest, most exquisitely grained doors made. are made in an especial way, from special woods, by special methods and machinery. They are the best doors made and are specified by all up- to-date architects. Built of separate layers of wood with the grain running in opposite direc- tions. Shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN,” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Be sure your doors have a “MORGAN” stamp. New Edition—‘‘The Door Beautiful’ —Just Out h Send for a copy of this beautiful book. It \ is full of page illustrations showing inter- iors with Morgan Doors and their sur- roundings. All styles of architecture are A shown and the book contains valuable, ) artistic suggestions for the owner. | Send For Your Copy Today \ Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. \ ( Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago { Morgan Millwork Company, Baltimore, Md. | Morgan Doors are handled by dealers who do not substitute. adapted to Country Homes. finest in the land.”’ Send for printed matter. VACUUM CLEANER We manufacture Electric Stationary Vacuum Cleaners for buildings of any size or kind. We make a specialty of residence work, and our machines can be installed in old or new houses without expert help. We manufacture a Stationary for use with Gasoline Engine, or other power, especially and a pipe run underground to the residence, making a perfect job. The Victor Electric Portable is a powerful and handsome machine; in fact ‘Tis the Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY Broomelts “VICTOR Stationary The Cleaner and Engine can be placed in an outbuilding York, Pa. Two layers of glass instead of one Between the two layers of glass is a ° inch transparent blanket of dry, still air—that takes the place of mats or boards—that permits the plants to get all the light all the time Have fresh vegetables and flowers when they are luxuries Last season amateurs were phenomenally successful with fresh lettuce, radishes and violets all winter; cabbage, cauli- flower, beets, tomato, pepper and sweet potato plants ready to set out assoon as it was warm Outside. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. Greater pleasure and profit in winter gardening With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you eliminate all the drudgery of getting out in the wet, cold or snow to cover or uncover beds. Get these two books: One is our valuable free catalog. The other is by Prof. Massey, an authority on hot-bed and cold-frame gardening. In it he tells in an interesting and in- structive manner how to make and care for the beds, what and when to plant. Tear outthis ad. Send it with 4c in stamps. and we will send you the two books, Do it now. 943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. Get in shape for the hard work ahead by spending a few of these beautiful Indian Summer days at Old Point It is beautiful here at any season of the year, but the gorgeous glory of our Autumn days beggars de- scription, The air is crisp—bracing. ests are a riot of color. Trips through the historical surrounding country are never more enjoyable. Golf, Tennis, Driving, ete., are at their best now. Conditions at The Chamberlin are ideal for real rest and recreation. MEDICAL BATHS —the finest—most completely The fields and For- equipped. In ‘the treatment of Insomnia, Nervous- ness, Rheumatism, Goutand kindred disorders, noth- ing is more highly recommended or so efficient as the various Medical Baths. At The Chamberlin there are Medical Baths of every description. Electric Cabinets, Nauheim Baths, Dr. Baruch’s System, Massage and Tonic Baths, all under the supervision of our resident physician, who is an expert in this line. Aside from the Medical Baths The Chamberlin has the finest indoor Sea Pool in America, For Booklet and full infor*hhation address New York Office, 1122 Broadway Z) pc of slow fires, or the soot and gases from the bituminous coals may cause a fire inside. The creosote soon attacks the mortar. This is so noticeable that in districts where wood is used chiefly for fuel the mortar of the chimneys becomes badly corroded in a few years. In chimneys for kitchen ranges, where wood is used chiefly, the corrosion is so great that the flues soon become leaky, and fire in time may escape through the holes and reach the roof. The remedy for this is ample size flues, smooth inside work, and few bends in the chimney. This will reduce the soot col- lection to a minimum, and the chimney will last nearly twice as long. In the end, a chimney that has been built for cheapness will prove more expensive than one where size and efficiency are first considered. In the old-fashioned houses of fifty or a hundred years ago the chimney was built straight up from the center of the house, and it pierced the house at its highest point. There were no ridges or obstructions to in- terfere with the free action of the wind and draught. Each room on the lower floor that had a fireplace had a flue to itself, and frequently those on the upper floors were similarly provided. The draught of these old-fashioned chimneys was so great that a roaring fire could be obtained at any time, and smoke inside was an unheard-of thing. It was only later that smoky fireplaces came into vogue, as a result of a change in the size, location and shape of the chimneys. In a well-planned house there should be an opening into a chimney flue in every sleeping-room. This is for ventilation pur- poses. This opening, if not more than two feet from the floor, will keep a bedroom well ventilated. An open grate fire, of course, answers the purpose. In the ab- sence of this, there should be an opening artificially made. By this simple device we can secure almost perfect ventilation of a sleeping-room, even if there is no fire in it. In the winter time the warmth of the chim- ney stack will cause the air to move up the open flue continually. In using a flue in the chimney for ventila- tion purposes, care should be observed in keeping it separate from those used for taking up the smoke. Otherwise a back draught may cause a flood of smoke to enter the room. There are many devices recommended to-day for bringing outside air into the house to secure ventilation. They may have their use in houses with imperfect chimneys, but they are entirely unnecessary in a place where there is a flue opening in every room, either for a fire or for ventilation. The chimney is, therefore, one of the most vital parts of the house. It not only carries away smoke and the gases of com- bustion, but it ventilates the house as well. Let it be generously designed and have as many flues in it as there are rooms in the house. Flues four by eight inches are too small and they rarely give satisfaction. They should never be crooked. They can be made straight, unless faulty designs are made at the beginning. They must be smooth inside and all joints carefully closed, so that there are no obstructions to hold the creosote-laden soot. By getting a good design of a chimney at first and seeing that it is built accordingly, the smoky-chimney problem will be solved for all time. But an imperfect chimney is a nuisance, to bother one for all time. It may be repaired, changed and equipped with devices for helping the draught, but it can never be made perfect. October, 1911 this Department. Repainting and Repapering Color Scheme for a Dining-Room— Made-Over Bedrooms By MABEL TUKE PRIESTMAN CORRESPONDENT asks _ advice A as to the best way of doing over her house. “It is an old-fashioned six-roomed house and needs repapering and painting, the floors being old will have to be painted; must the old paint be removed? The kitchen and sitting-room are 16x14. I use the kitchen as a dining-room, doing the work in a large buttery, all the rooms are very dark, as we live in a grove. The walls of the kitchen are wainscoted and the furni- ture is mission. The sitting-room is very dark, the furniture is mahogany and mis- sion, curtains écru, rug in shades of tan with touches of pink. There is a small room opening into the sitting-room which we must use as a bedroom. Upstairs we have one large bedroom; the other two are very small. The woodwork of the large bedroom is pale blue, and this will not be changed.” The entire color scheme of your house must be influenced by the lack of light and the walls and paint must be as light as pos- sible so as to offset the gloomy surround- ings. If the trees come too close to the house it would be wiser to have some cut down, as air is essential to health, and trees too near are apt to make a house damp and dismal. In getting a contract for painting it would be wise to spend a little more now and include the burning off of all the old paint, for nothing will change the whole atmo- sphere as much as plenty of white paint, it is not extravagant in the long run, as one new coat may be added from time to time and it can be kept tidy much longer than pale colors, which are apt to fade, and when a room is repapered demand a new coat of paint to successfully go with a fresh paper. If your rugs and carpets are not out of date and dingy, I would suggest that all the floors have the paint burned off and be re- painted white, it gives such a sweet dainty appearance and will aid in giving a light effect to the whole house; if the bedrooms have carpets all over the floor they would not require painted floors. The shade of white chosen is important; a dead white does not go well with the average wall pa- per. It is best to have a creamy white; get a book of ceiling papers and choose a very pale cream white and give a sample to the painter, and thus avoid any chance of a mistake being made in the shade, also al- lowing you to have a definite choice for the tint of your ceilings. These papers being made to go with wall papers are har- monious to any scheme. Not knowing the aspect of your rooms, or how many win- dows each room is lighted by, I can only give a general scheme, with the chief thought in mind of cheerfulness and light. The combined kitchen and_ sitting-room should be treated as one in color scheme, as there is a wainscot in the kitchen that must be painted white. If there is space for paper above the wainscot have a quaint small patterned paper; one I have in mind has the pattern of a tub with a tree in it on a white ground; it is popular for din- ing-rooms and_ small sitting-rooms, it comes with a copper-colored orange with green, it comes in delft blue, also in blue and green. I would suggest the various colorings of this paper being tried with your rug, the pink is the only shade that could conflict. If the paper is suited to the room in other respects the pink touches in the rug could be changed by dabbing dye on the pink bits; orange to match the paper would seem a better color for a sitting-room that is used also as a kitchen. A coat of varnish after the paper is on the wall would make it more sanitary for such a combination room and give it a warmer tone than the white ground. The paper costs only fifteen cents a piece and can be ordered if your paper hanger has not got it in stock. If you have a great many pic- tures and bric-a-brac, I would advise a very pale tan felt paper that would blend with the tan rug rather than the figured paper, the small bedroom opening out of the sit- ting-room might have a ceiling paper with a tiny dainty pattern. There is one with just a rosebud tossed irregularly on the cream ground that is ideal for small rooms; it seems to make them appear larger than they really are. The same suggestion can be made use of for the upstairs bedrooms, choosing another pattern but one intended for a ceiling. The large bedroom upstairs with the old blue paint might have one of the English papers in green and blue; a new blue and white paper might make the blue paint look shabby, but the green would tend to obviate this. If the paint does not harmonize with papers you select, try a contrast—yellow with blue is beautiful and yellow brings sunlight into a_ cheerless room. FABRICS FOR FURNISHINGS. A reader who writes that she is about to do up the sitting-rooms and bedrooms of her house in cretonne, taffeta, and any other suitable cotton material, asks to be told at some length what she can do in order to have these very artistic, yet not too expensive. _ For a sitting-room there are several linens with tan grounds that are suited to rooms furnished in Mission style, and yet look well if the furniture happens to be mahogany. One I have in mind can be used for cushions in brown wicker chairs, or for sofa pillows and for hangings is very charming. The linen colored ground is partly covered with a strong design of brown Nasturtium leaves and copper flow- ers and is bold enough to go with neutral tan schemes or in a room that would be improved by strong touches of copper and browns. There are a good many stiff de- signs small in size with green leaves and the flower or fruit motif in one color. These are scattered on a linen ground and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Cohn Est ONDENCE The Editor op AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspond- ence Department inquiries on any matter pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. All letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. Replies that are of general benefit will be published in —: a= = = = Fs =To= YIELD Offered at Par and Interest DENOMINATIONS of $100— $500 — $1,000 AREFULLY selected, im- proved, income-producing real estate in the best district of New York City, conservatively ap- praised at $8,500,000, has been pledged to a Trust Company, as Trustee, to secure these bonds. The management of the Company has had many years of successful ex- perience dealing in this class of real estate. After all fixed charges are paid, earnings are sufficient to guarantee the interest and set aside a handsome surplus. Improved New York City real es- state is appreciating in value more rap- idly than real estate in any other part of the world, and it will continue to advance in price as long as the United States continues to grow in importance. New York Real Estate Security Company 66 Mortgage Bonds are a safe investment. No one can afford not to investigate this investment. New York Real Estate Security Company 42 Broadway, New York City ASSETS - - CAPITAL - - $10,000,000 $3,950,000 SEND FOR BOOKLET “21” HOW ARD Dustless @@® Duster (25 Cents Prepaid) Makes possible a dustless home. Write for our Dust Book “A.” It’s free. It will show you how to make dusting a pleasure, how to dry clean a silk skirt in fF five minutes, how to > clean windows in a twinkling, to polish nia ERE wee pianos and highly fin- ESO GINS SI ished furniture, to make cut glass look like diamonds, to make an old derby look like new. Money back if not satisfactory HOWARD DUSTLESS DUSTER CO. 164-34 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. HOWARD TRACE DUSTLESS-DUSTER. MARK a xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1911 Buckstaff Baths, Hot Sarina Ark. — Hot Springs Plbg.v Machine Go. Pls. Cantrantore —_— eee ET FRANK W. GIBB, Architect | ee | The Entire Plumbing Goods for this Lathhouse Were Manufactured by the L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. Established 1855 MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods Exclusively The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 WEST LAKE STREET, CHICAGO Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn St., Chicago DENVER - = = 2 E - TRENTON Spo to BRANCH -OPFIGES so see, TLOUIS; MO, * Se!) WASHINGTON, D.C. >. CLEVELAND, OHIO.” “MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ,=SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. -y°. CINCINNAT! . “OHIO. chet 22) KANSAS.CITX, MQiv 0 os BUREALOS NOY. OREN anil edTGSN REN Sha cua aan ger als mega oe RTO aeS Just Published DETACHED DWELLINGS Country and Suburban PART II. A series of treatises on country and suburban houses, ranging in cost from $5,000 to $7,500, and their landscape environment, contributed by architects of established reputation in this class of work. Attractively illustrated by half-tone engravings showing the latest accomplishments in domestic and landscape architecture. The book has a two-fold interest, not only as a volume of delightful literary work and illustration, but as a reference book on country and suburban dwellings of exceptional value. The illustrations comprise 112 plates of half-tone reproductions and 38 text illustrations. Cloth bound. Size 9 x 12% inches. Price $5.00 postpaid MUNN & CO,, Inc. 361 Broadway, New York may be used in a library even. They are not very much in evidence at the shops but your upholsterer could always procure samples to try in your rooms. For dining- rooms there are fruit tapestries in linen taffeta specially designed to go with the newest tapestries in wall papers. Some cf these papers have a mottled ground which melts into a Dutch frieze of flowers and fruit; the rather voyant taffetas go with the quiet wall effect and repeat the strong note of the frieze, making most successful dining-rooms. In a Colonial dining-room with mahogany furniture a rich flowered effect in cretonne or taffeta may be used, but they are not inexpensive and if pur- chased I would suggest having the curtains lined, as this makes them last much longer. Very pretty cotton edges are sold for sew- ing at the edge of the curtains and this trimming must not be overlooked. The parlor, if it is not just a reception room, can be transformed by covering an upholstered chair all over with a slip cover with a box pleated frill all round it; the chairs that show some woodwork must not have the all-over slip cover but may have the seat and back covered and the arms left free. This tends to relieve the eye and is correct. There are several all-over garden effects that lend themselves to this treat- ment and really rich wall schemes are not out of keeping with cretonne furniture cov- ers, although the hangings would be more appropriate in a rich material. A glazed chintz can be used with excellent results and although the ground is usually a dead white or cream the glazed surface protects the material from catching the dirt and they keep clean for several years. For bedrooms there are endless varieties of good things to choose from in all colorings and suited to any style of furnishing. The domestic cretonnes may be used for the less important rooms but the colors are not as permanent as the imported ones, so it 1s often cheaper in the long run to spend more on the material, as the making is the same. Imported cretonnes can be pur- chased from forty-five cents to seventy- five cents a yard, thirty-two inches wide. The linen taffetas are usually fifty inches wide and are a little more costly, two dol- lars and a quarter not being out of the way for a good design; they can, however, be bought for less. Some of the new cre- tonnes are a bower of color and when used with the very popular Jasper stripes make really successful rooms; the walls are the atmosphere and the curtains and hangings made of these cottons give the necessary decoration. Some of these materials are partly covered with birds and butterflies, or trees yielding roses, peonies, or fruit on the same branch. A brave array of color can be introduced by the use of these cre- tonnes and they are of interest, as they show to what perfection the conventionaliz- ing of flower motifs has attained. Pastoral effects are seen among the new cretonnes and are much used for bedrooms and nur- series. A shepherdess on a medallion and beaux revealing themselves from among abundant flower motifs is one of the quain- test of these pastoral effects. There are a goodly number of roses with green leaves and ribbon; the ribbon varies in the differ- ent colorings so that they can be used with almost any color scheme. WOMAN G __( | LEAVENS | FURNITURE 0) samsornoine \( WII |M Ss ici W 4 seamen ror YW MMWWWJWWWV@J Comparison of the Distance Traveled by Earth and Bell Telephone Messages The Orbit of Universal Service @Repeated orders from satisfied custom- ers, and their frequent letters of commen- dation place Leavens’ Made Furniture in a class by itself. It is furniture that meets every requirement of the particular pur- chaser. A large variety of styles, all good, and each purchaser's individual taste in finish, insure the measure of satisfaction that has resulted in a marked increase in sales during the past: year. Qleavens’ Made Furniture is designed on the plain, simple lines that give style and character. It is strong but not clumsy. Fach piece has individuality. An inspection of unfinished stock in our ware-rooms shows how good is the material, and how honestly it is built. It is finished to your order if so desired. WM LA lla Ulta ZZ In one year the earth on its orbit These aggregate distances, which ex- around the sun travels 584,000,000 miles; ceed in their total the limits of the Solar in the same time telephone messages system, are actually confined within the travel 23,600,000,000 miles over the path- _ boundaries of the United States. They ways provided by the Bell system. That show the progress that has been made to- GA package of over two hundred prints anda color chart will show you possibilities for every room in your house. Send for them. Yj Vl means that the 7,175,000,000 Bell con- wards universal service and the in- versations cover a distance forty times tensive intercommunication between _| | that traveled by the earth. 90,000,000 people. When it is considered that each tele- No such mileage of talk could be pos- phone connection includes replies as well _— sible in such a limited area were it not as messages, the mileage of talk becomes __ that each telephone is the center of one even greater. universal system. thee eae — “i AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY - WILLIA x

ak hil AWN Pik ona Bee ee hal Weight 50 lbs. At Stud. WYNDHILL ROMEO One of the finest American Bred Airedale Terriers. Grand bone, straight front, best of black and tan coat with an ideal head, small well set ears, long neck and strong muzzle. dog. During 1910 won in the east 27 firsts and specials, including three firsts in N. Y. us Fee $15.00 Dark well set eyes. A large, but not a coarse Bear, Deer and Wolf Hounds broken and trained. Bloodhounds, Foxhounds. for 4-cent stamp. 40-page illustrated catalog Rookwood Kennels, Lexington, Ky. A Shetland Pony Delight the \e Child’s ‘ =, Heart =~ —is an unceasing source f a of pleasure. A safe and 7 E) ideal playmate. Makes the child strong and of robust health, Inexpensive to buy and keep. Highest © types here. Complete outfits. » Entire satisfaction. Write for illustrated catalog. BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. 7 Markham, Va. ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK i We carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres of land entirely devoted to our business. Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafow], Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches, Orna- mental Ducks and Geese, ete., for private parks and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges, Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer, Rabbits, ete., for stocking preserves. Good } healthy stock at right prices. Write us what you want. WENZ & MACKENSEN Proprietors of Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park Dept. “‘A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa. AMERICAN KENNEL COMPANY Toy Silk Poodles. the real small kind, $15. Toy Spaniels, English Bulls, Boston Terriers, French Bulls, Foxterriers, Bullterriers, Scotch Collies, St. Bernards, Newfoundlands, etc. 113 East 9th Street RAT New York City Killed by Science DANYSZ Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c., 3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 VIRUS INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 FRONT ST., NEW YORK JUST PUBLISHED TWO FAMILY @ TWIN HOUSES ONSISTING of a variety of designs contributed by leading ar- chitects in all parts of the country, showing the latest ideas in planning this class of dwellings in city, village and sub- urbs, together with very complete de- scriptions covering all the latest improve- ments in sanitation, heating, lighting, etc. In presenting this collection of designs the editor has had in mind the large demand for improved house accommodations on comparatively small lot areas, and has endeavored to collate designs from all parts of the country, representing the handling of the subject by practis- ing architects in their efforts to meet the needs of their clients in this respect. Two Detailed Specifications and Sixty Designs Elaborately illustrated and accompanied by full Size, 8x10 inches, bound in Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 361 Broadway, New York descriptive text. illustrated board. MUNN & CO., Inc., November, 1911 set of records must be kept, and the hens must be liberated after they have deposited their eggs in the nests. A trapnest is so ar- ranged that a hen may enter it with ease, but is unable to get out again until released. At the same time, no other hens are able to enter after the trap door has dropped. Such a nest can be built at home, if the poultry- keeper is at all ingenious. The Kansas Ex- periment Station issues a bulletin telling how to make a trapnest of a common soapbox with but little labor. A slatted trap door drops into place when a wire fastener is re- leased, which occurs when the body of the hen presses against a wire loop as she en- ters the box. The nest itself is at the back of the box, so that the hen may step out of it after she has laid her egg, to wait until liberated. When trapnests are used, each hen must be marked, either by an aluminum band on her leg or by having the skin between her toes punched with a marker for that pur- pose. Such a device is easily used on young chickens and a complete record of their careers kept, a box or card index being used, with a page or card for each bird. Trapnests involve too much labor for use with a large flock. The best plan is to ex- clude all hens which obviously are not can- didates for the breeding pen, using the nests in a house containing the pick of the flock. There are variations of the trapnest plan which decreases the amount of labor re- quired. For instance, two adjoining yards may be used, with a number of nests set into the partition between them. The hens may be placed in one pen in the morning and traps set on that side of each nest, the other sides being open. Then, after the hens have laid, they will pass into pen Number Two, where their numbers may be taken after they have gone to roost at night. The hens remaining in the first pen obvi- ously will not have laid that day. After this proceedure has been followed for sev- eral days, it becomes an easy matter to spot the hens which have been derelict in their duty. It is quite possible for the amateur to follow this plan with a small flock, even when the birds are not banded or otherwise marked, for he will be able to tell by obser- vation which birds have failed to make a frequent transition from one pen to another. It is altogether worth while for the poul- try-keeper to make some effort to distin- guish between those hens that are good layers and those that lay few eggs or none at all. It will pay him to do this, if he must count the pennies, for he will find that some hens are being kept at a real loss. Such hens not only fail to pay for their keep, but they occupy the space which might be filled by more profitable fowls. If the matter of money doesn’t count, still there is no satis- faction in housing hens that lay no eggs. Culling is an important part of successful poultry-keeping, and it can only be done when one is able to decide, with a certain degree of accuracy, which are the laying hens. TOOL HARDENING BY GAS HE use of the gas furnace for forg- ing, tempering and hardening steel is spreading among the workshops where cutlery and tools are made. The old “hearths” are disappearing, replaced by small, clean gas furnaces, which are not only economical in space and cost of run- ning, and comparatively clean and neat, but furnish a uniform temperature of any de- sired degree, thus avoiding damage to the steel through “burning” or irregularity of temperature. November, 1911 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS iil The Real Estate Hart CONNECTICUT You can find that Country Place or Estate (Shore or Inland) you have been seeking Every courtesy and all pains taken to assist in your selection. aurence Timmons Opposite R. R. Station Telephone 456 Greenwich, Conn. At Stamford, Gonn. LARGE AND SMALL FARMS SHORE AND COUNTRY HOMES BEAUTIFUL BUILDING SITES OVER- LOOKING THE SOUND E. P. JORDAN, «26, Pak Bev Stamford, Conn. MISCELLANEOUS Southeastern Farm Lands Fertile lands in the Southern States from $15 to $50 an acre with abundant rains and most favorable conditions for diversified farming. Beef and pork produced at 3 to 4 cents a pound. Long grazing season and diversity of forage makes this possible. Openings for dairymen un- excelled. Apple orchards pay from $100 to $500 an acre. It’s to your advantage to in- vestigate these many opportunities. Write, M. V. RICHARDS Land & Industrial Agent, Southern Railway, Room 4 1320 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, D. C. The Burlington Venetian Blind will make your rooms shady and your porch cool and comfortable. It can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun. Enclose your porch and see what a change it will make in your whole home, It will give you a cozy, secluded room. ‘Lhe air will circulate freely and you will get all the advantages of open air; at the same time you will not be subjected to an inquisitive public gaze. The Burlington Venetian Blind will give youa place to read, sew or entertain—a place for the children to play, too. Write for our illustrated booklet; it will tell you about the various styles Burlington Venetian Blind Co. ,339 Lake St.,Burlington, Vt. WATERPROOFING FABRICS HE French army is interested in a new method for waterproofing fabrics which is claimed to be superior to the usual processes. English manufacturers have been in the lead in bringing out water- proof fabrics for many years past. Be- sides rubber, for fabrics, we have the use of insoluble gelatine, boiled linseed oil, shellac, metallic soaps and others, which have had more or less success. It appears that the best product for waterproofing is acetate of aluminum, and when applied to the fabric it can be made to form alumina in a gelat- inous state and volatile acetic acid. When such fabric is dried it is waterproof, but has not the objectionable feature of rubber and other material, as it allows the air to circu- late through it. The fabric is also quite supple, and this is especially necessary so that clothing can be made of it. As the French army department is looking for the best method of waterproofing which can be used for military cloaks as well as for tents, some experiments were made, and it was found that the above process is the best, according to the opinion of the best authori- ties. This is especially true now that acetate of alumina solution can be found on the market and does not need to be prepared specially. M. Balland recommends a bath of one part acetate (7 deg. B.) and forty parts water. Fabrics are soaked in it for twenty-four hours, and are then dried in the air. This method is being used in the army headquarters at present. RAILWAY GARDENS T is a matter of interest to note the for- mation of the Railway Gardeners’ Asso- ciation, which held a convention in Chicago a short time ago for the discussion of tech- nical phases of gardening as applied to the improvement of the appearance of railway station grounds and right-of-way lands. The membership of the association is rep- resented by 150 delegates from thirty-five railways. Its progress is entirely due to the efforts of individual employes, who have taken a pride in the improvement of the premises where their working days are spent. It has been said that the movement has received less encouragement from rail- way managers than from the employes in cuestion, for it seems that the expenditure required for planting flowers and sodding turf not always results in as definite an in- crease in gross earnings as a like expendi- ‘ure might for other operations, so the mat- ter has not seemed of such great importance to officials in general. Therefore, it is with great satisfaction that one notes the change of heart on the part of these officials, which has been brought about by the example of the unselfish efforts of various station em- ployes, in consequence of which the move- ment of railway gardening is gaining stead- ily many adherents in the executive circles of American railways. HELPFUL HINTS FOR THE HOUSE- BUILDER By CHARLES K. FARRINGTON ACH month brings forth new appliances and devices which add much to the comfort of the home. There are also many new methods of constructing the different parts of the house. The writer went through a building recently which had been planned with an unusual amount of care, and which was very satisfactory in all respects. He intends to mention in this article what he Ni cS) ee cin i readily to any nook or corner of the home—harmonizing perfectly with the decorative scheme of any room—Globe*Wernicke Bookcases ornamentally fill spaces in your home that would otherwise be bare and unattractive. Section by section they grow as the number of your books increase—and each section is always complete in itself at any stage of its development. Yet beauty and cate are only features—the real function of Globe-Wernicke Bookcases is the convenient, satisfactory care of books. ‘Their utility is in their ease of expansion—growth—with and to accommodate the accumula- tion of your books. Globe“Wernicke Bookcases are sold by authorized dealers in all leading cities and towns, at prices that are the same to every purchaser. The maintenance of uniform prices is the best proof of their intrinsic worth and superiority. Ske A GD LALLE. Where not represented, goods shipped on approval, freight prepaid, S>, Complete catalog and a copy of “The Blue Book of Fiction” by Hamilton W. Mabie, containing lists of the world’s best stories published in English, mailed on request. Address Dept. A.-H The Globe “Wernicke Co, Cincinnati Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway Boston, 91-93 Federal St. Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St. Chicago, 231-235 WabashAve. Washington, 1218-1220 F St., N.W. Cincinnati, 128-134 Fourth Avenue, East tSRSMWES — so SNS =. => a — THREAD ore made seam- fpeveng cue THRUM. inanywidthupto RUGS 16 FEET and in any length, color or combin- ation of colors. 65 regular shades —any other shading made to match. Send for color card and name of nearest dealer. Thread & Thrum Work Shop Auburn, N. Y. ““You choose the colors, we'll make the rug.”’ ule Help Make the Plumber Rich? Stoppage in waste pipes causes 90° of plumbing troubles. Partial stoppage is even worse, the collected matter lying unnoticed to breed poisonous gases. Don’t send for the plumber. Geta | Little Giant Lift and Force Pump which is guaranteed to remove the most obstinate obstructicnrs from and thoroughly clean al! iff drain pipes. Noskill needed No * bucket,hose or other toolneeded ) Used by U. Government, School Boards, Hospitals, etc. Made of heavily polished brass and pure ru bber. Lasts a lifetime 30-Day Free Trial Offer Send me §5 fora Little Giant Pump, ‘ Then, if you are not entirely Satis ied e expense and your money will be refunded at Ask y send direct. Booklet free. Representatives wi inte “d. J. E. KENNEDY, 41 A-11 Park Row, New York iV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 Davis. McGrath & Shepard, Arch'ts, N.Y. Stain Your Bungalows Don’t paint them. Stain them all over, roofs, siding, and trimmings with Cabot’s ShingleStains The “‘painty"’ effect does not harmonize with bungalow conditions, but our stains produce the soft transparent colors that exactly suit. They cost only halt as much as paint, and can be put on at half the expense. If your bungalow is in the woods, away from skilled labor, you or_your man can apply them perfectly. They are made of Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood. Cabot’s Stains are sold all over the country. Send Sor samples Qn wood,and name of nearest agent. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. Manufacturing Chemists 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. BRISTOL’S Recording Thermometers For recording outdoor atmospheric tempera- tures. Recording Instrument installed indoors. Sensitive bulb in weather protecting lattice bex located outdoors. Write for Bulletin No. 124 giving full in- formation, THE BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn. Are Unknown Where Smiles and Fresh Air # A Family ‘‘Playground”’ in the New York Tenement District. "THOUSANDS of babies and nursing mothers are too sick to be taken to our fresh air homes, Sea Breeze, Junior Sea Breeze and Caroline Rest. We must therefore care for them at their tenement homes. $5.00 will buy pure milk for a sick baby for a month. $10.00 will restore a nursing mother to health. Hundreds of Babies have been Saved and Mothers Restored to Health by the A. I. C. P. Don’t ignore the generous impulse to HOW MANY WILL YOU HELP? give until it is too late. JIMMIE NEEDS NEW SHOES FOR SCHOOL He hasn't been wearing any during vacation because the pair he wore to school last year are now soleless. Teacher won't allow him inside the school barefooted. Father earns hardly enough, after paying the rent for a few rooms, to buy the bare necessities of life for Jimmie’s brothers and sisters. This distressing combination of circumstances threatens Jimmie’s educa- tion. How would you like to have your children go to school or work in Jimmie’s shoes? The A. I. C. P. knows of thou- sands of needy and deserving boys and girls who must have shoes for school. Last year it spent for shoes alone nearly $7,000. WON’T YOU HELP JIMMIE? A SUGGESTION: Have a lawn party or a children’s As A. 1. C. P. Visitors FIND THEM As A.I.C. P. Nurses LEAVE THEM fair to help these poor families. Write for literature. Send gifts to R. S. MINTURN, Treasurer 105 East 22nd Street NEW YORK United Charities Building ee ns ees ff The Shoes that Jimmie Left and Those He Received. New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor R. FULTON CUTTING, PRESIDENT noticed that was out of the usual every-day practice. One very good method of preventing the hearth in front of the kitchen range from settling was noted. Strong iron “hooks” had been made by a local blacksmith. One was used at each corner of the hearth. The floor beam was notched so as to allow the “hook” to rest upon it, and yet not to inter- fere with the flooring. Then, as the “hooks” were twisted so that the bottom ends would support the side beams of the hearth sup- ports, a very strong method of preventing the settling of the hearth was secured. The usual method is to simply mortise the side pieces into the floor beams, but the “hooks” make an additional protection. They are made of wide flat iron, which can easily be bent to shape while hot, and the cost of them is small. It is well to use these hooks in connection with every hearth. I am now superintending the repairs that are being made to the tiles of two very handsome mantelpieces. The tiles are loose, and many will have to be relaid, simply because the hearth under them sank. If the iron sup- ports mentioned had been used much trouble and expense would have been avoided. THE FIRST FLOOR. The vestibule was neatly tiled. This is a good plan, for in wet weather a large amount of dirt must necessarily collect in any vestibule, and if the floor is tiled it can easly be removed. The tiles are prac- tically indestructible, and if differently col- ored ones are used some very handsome effects can be obtained. The vestibule men- tioned was of the ordinary size, and the cost of tiling it was only $18. The hall electric light was fitted with a four-candle-power bulb, surrounded by an outside colored glass globe in a handsome fixture. This small lamp was found to be of sufficient power to light the hall for all practical purposes, and, of course, made a decided saving in the monthly lighting bill. Of course, a bulb of larger candle-power could be substituted at any time if more light were required. The baseboard used was higher than that which is customary. It looked very well, and should prevent injury to the plaster above it. The trim in the kitchen and but- ler’s pantry was oiled, but in the living-room it was stained “Mission” wood. The rest of the rooms upstairs and downstairs were enameled white, with the exception of the window-sashes, which were stained oak in order to prevent soiling when handled. The doors were stained mahogany where the white enameled trim was used, and glass knobs were employed. The stair-rail was also stained mahogany, and the balusters were enameled white. The general effect was very pleasing. A lavatory, containing a water-closet in addition to the washbasin, was placed under- neath the front stairs. This is a common arrangement, but a novel feature was the type of closet used. As it is always difficult to ventilate so small a room, a make of closet was selected that allowed perfect ventilation to be obtained. Underneath the seat air could pass, and a vent in the side of the bowl was connected by a pipe to the house. chimney in the attic. A constant draft was thus obtained at all times and good results followed. The cost was small. In the butler’s pantry was placed a small closet just large enough to contain the extra table-boards, which are always used in an extension dining-room table, and which are invariably in the way in the average home. The closet takes up little room, and may be placed in some corner of the pantry in most houses. In the dining-room the electric light fix- ee November, 1911 ture was suspended over the center and close to the table. This, of course, allowed the light to fall directly where it was most needed. But a good addition was a number of extra lights which were located near the ceiling at the top of the fixture. These could be lighted independently of the lower ones, and well illuminated the whole of the room when necessary. THE SECOND STORY In a small wall-closet in the hall of the second story were placed the fuses and switches for the different electric lighting circuits of the entire house. This closet should have a lock and key so as to prevent its being opened by children and unauthor- ized persons. It is a great convenience to have it in such a location. The closet tank in the bathroom, instead of being made of wood, metal lined, was of > china. Tt i is an excellent material for a tank. The outside can be easily cleaned, and the tank itself never warps as do the metal lined wooden ones. I had a tank, metal lined, with a wooden outside, which in damp weather warped out of shape and de- ranged the ball-cock attachments inside, causing the w ater to run for hours to waste. With a china or “porcelain enameled metal tank” this should not occur. The appear- ance is excellent. The bathroom floor was of hard wood (rug in the center), so the closet was set in the center of a tiled space. This is an ex- cellent idea where one cannot have the entire floor tiled, as the tiles can be easily washed. Directly under the plate-glass shelf over the washbasin was placed a towel-rack of a new pattern. It had a round glass rod with metal ends to fasten it up by, and thus al- lowed wet washrags, etc., to be hung upon it without injury. A metal rack would of course be tarnished if this were done. The hot and cold water valves-in the washbasin turned on or off with a single movement. This is good practice, as it is always difficult to turn off an ordinary fau- cet when the hands are wet. THE THIRD STORY A skylight in the attic allowed ventilation to be easily obtained in hot weather by sim- ply opening it and the windows. This, of course, made a draft and kept the attic cool, and incidentally the rooms next to it, and also those on the second floor. As the house was heated by hot water, there was a good arrangement in the third story for supplying the heating system with water when it was needed. The supply pipe was connected with a small tank which had the usual “ball-cock,” which of course auto- matically kept the water always at a certain level in the tank, and as the tank was con- nected with the piping of the heating system, sufficient water was always obtained with- out the trouble of putting it in by hand, which is necessary in some cases. The cost of installing was small, and the benefits derived were great. OUT OF DOORS The house had round corrugated leaders for carrying off the water from the roof. The use of “square” leaders is not advis- able. The corrugations on such leaders are so small that they cannot protect them from the dangers consequent on freezing. The large corrugation, if used, allow a pipe to have the water in it freeze and thaw out without injury, but the small corrugations will not. The clothes posts were made of iron, but each was set inside of a length of old iron soil pipe, the intervening space being filled in with concrete. Such an arrangement in- sured the posts remaining in an upright posi- tion for a long time. At the top of the iron AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS V Johnson’s Wood Dye Endorsed by Architects-—— Contractors — Painters — and Home Owners Everywhere OHNSON’S Wood Dye is not an ordinary stain—but a permanent Wood Finish of great beauty and durability for all interior trim and furniture of every character. Johnson’s Dye is now extensively used by leading architects and contractors every- where for finishing Red Gum—Cypress—and other soft woods as well as the most ex- pensive hard woods. It gives the wood a lasting, beautiful finish without raising the grain—and when used in connection with Johnson’s Prepared Wax it produces the beautiful, dull, artistic finish now so popular. Instruction and Specification Book FREE Let us furnish you a copy of the latest edition of our beautiful and profusely illustrated book on Wood Finishing, together with asample of any shade of dye desired. Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 15 standard shades as listed below, and with it you can obtain any desired effect with the most inexpensive woods. and Wax. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK OIST HANGERS AWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION’ Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Sote Manuractunens .«. NEW HAVEN, CONN. samples of the Dye and Wax? local dealer for them. We have supplied him for your use but if he does not furnish you with them drop us a postal and we will see that the samples and book reach you at once. To Architects: trim will be furnished to you upon request, finished with our Dye These give the exact effects obtainable by their use. S.C, The Wood Finishing Authorities No. 126 Light Oak No. No. 123 Dark Oak 131 Brown Weathered Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak No. 125 Mission Oak No. 121 Moss Green No. 140 Early English No. 122 Forest Green No. 110 Bog Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 178 B No. 129 Dark Mahogany Flemish Oak No. 180 Weathered Oak No. 120 Fumed Oak Half Gallons—$1.50 each TOWN Don’t you want this Book—Free—and Ask your Ask for Booklet A.H.-11 Beautiful sample panels of all woods now in use for interior Johnson & Son Racine, Wis. DONT COOK THE COOK use “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting ‘It makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for “Economy Way” Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Economy ’’ Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous HESS start LOCKER 4 TheOnly Modern, Sanitary . STEEL Medicine’ Cabinet or locker finished in snow-white, baked everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps. shrinks, nor swells. Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned. Should Be In Every Bath Room Four styles—four sizes. To recess in wall or to hang outside. Send for illus- trated circular. The! ar Steel JES He Tacoma paula; Medicine Cabinet J/akers of Steel Furna Chicago es.—Free Booklet. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 pipe which composed the post was an iron cap which prevented the rain water from The Charm of pressing inside the pipe, and an iron hook was placed through this cap at right angles Li h 4 Fy to the post. This hook made a capital fast- ig ting ixtures ening for the clothes line. The whole post was well painted, and if kept so should last indefinitely. Fence posts, whether made of iron or of depends upon design and treatment and harmonious blending with sur- rounding tones and lines. wood, can also be set in concrete, and will You should know that Horn and last for years if so placed. Much future ex- Brannen fixtures express the in- pense can thus be avoided. _ dividual taste of the homemaker. There is a small automobile house on the grounds. There is usually no cellar under such a building, but of course supports are needed at the four corners. A very sub- They reflect personality and have char- acter obtained only by original design- ing and craftsmanship of a very stantial and inexpensive arrangement was superior quality. easily made by cutting two old galvanized : ; 2 f . “ iron kitchen hot-water boilers in half. The “Character in Lighting Fixtures ends were left on, and each half was placed is a 72-page book that expresses the spirit and at a corner of the building to serve as a pier. charm of the Horn and Brannen creations. Then each was filled with concrete. Even Mailed free upon request. if the outer iron shell rusted away as years passed on, the concrete should remain in- The Horn & Brannen Co. definitely. The old boilers are practically Designers and Manufacturers worthless; in fact, the plumbers are often as they are of little or no value for old iron. Therefore it will be a simple matter to ob- tain them at a very small cost. Any kind of a small outside building which requires 429-437 North Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. | puzzled to know how to get rid of them, > “Don’t raise that window—you’ll be drenched!” no cellar can be supported in a similar “Don’t lift that sash—you’ll freeze us all!” MONIT “Don’t lean out so far—you’ll surely fall!” a These are the exclamations you hear when someone is struggling with the old-fashioned shutter fastenings. Avoid all this by equip- NOVEL CLEANING METHODS ping your windows with the By S. LEONARD BASTIN Mallory Shutter Worker Gee problem of maintaining things in Easy to put in; durable; not expensive. Shutters fasten firmly back clean condition is one which is ever —can't rattle. Can be easily opened, closed or set at any angle present with those who keep house. Soap desired, from the inside and without raising sash. and water is an excellent agent for the dis- Write today for FREE booklet telling the whole story. pelling of dirt, but there are certain occa- Mallory Manufacturing Co. sions when the homely remedy does not 297 Bridge Street Flemington, N. J. quite fit the case. In the present article a few very effective cleaning methods have been collected in the hope that some of them, at any rate, may prove of service to ND those whose business it is to keep things T.RA. ROOKSECO. LEVELA ()- clean, if they have not immediate access Gare SEN SEES. FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. to the very convenient cleaning preparations on the market. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. From time immemorial, the housewife, in SS SEND FoR CATALOGUE. common with a good many people, has found it a difficult matter to cleanse bot- tles, especially if these have contained some- thing of an oily nature. Here is a very sim- ple recipe for dealing with the trouble: Take two heaping tablespoonfuls of saw- dust or bran and pour this into each bottle; 1 shake up well, so that the interior of the Most Pleasing and Unusual bottle is quite covered with the grains. Now Gift Articles fill the bottle to about half its capacity with cold water, and then, holding in a horizontal From Oriental Lands Displayed in the Greatest Profusion at Vantine’s National Photo- Engraving Company position, rotate slowly. In quite a few minutes the bottle will be found to be clean, although now and again, if the deposit of oil is very thick, it may be necessary to repeat the operation once more. Water decanters are the most difficult things in the world to keep brilliant, and no ordinary washing will cleanse the glass inside thoroughly. This may be accomplished by a very simple expedient, however, which consists of chop- ping up some raw potato into small lumps, putting these into the decanter with a little water and then rinsing the whole thing around with a rapid movement. After doing this for awhile the glass becomes bright and glistening in appearance. Stains, scratches and dents upon furni-. ture are often very difficult to deal with, but there is a method by which they can be The Oriental works from no set pattern, The products of the East as presented by Vantine are individual, exclusive, unique, and artistic. Gift articles to be found nowhere else; they can- not be measured by price. They have an individ- uality which will express your careful thought in choosing You are cordially inyited to visit this display and make a personal selection. If this is impossible, send for our new book, “Gifts from the Far East,” which illustrates over two hundred moderately priced articles; sent free on request. @ Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative caf The Oriental Store. Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens" Broadway, bet. 18th and 19th Sts., New York City Also Boston and Philadelphia 14-16-18 Reade St., New York Oriental R Oriental Perfum i Dagon hoe ee effectually charmed away. This has been Wall Fabrics Porcelains Teas tried with great success. The treatment TREMLEE JP uaeol NES WORTH Dress Silks Oriental Jewelry applies to marks of many kinds and is excel- (Continued on page Viii.) 7 ae. wh a November, 19II THE DECEMBER NUMBER HE reader of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will find many important articles in the next issue of the magazine. This December number will contain a beautifully illustrated article on one of America’s loveliest gardens, a garden which, though planned and planted by one of our foremost landscape architects, is, nevertheless, full of suggestion and ideas that might be applied to the laying-out and making of even a very small garden by the amateur himself. The article will be accompanied by ground diagrams, and gives an indication of what AMERI- CAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will present this coming year to the consideration of its readers. To this number one of the foremost authorities on the subject of textiles will con- tribute a most entertaining and helpful article on Oriental rugs. Much has been written in the past on this subject, but nothing before of just this sort, and there has long been needed exactly such an article which would clearly define for the reader the various sorts of Oriental rugs, their dif- ferences, their values, their comparative wearing qualities, and other matters that at once will remove the confusion that is entertained by the majority of homemakers on the subject. Indeed, many persons imagine that genuine Orien- tal rugs must necessarily be beyond their purse, in conse- quence of which they have passed by the subject. “They will, perhaps, be surprised to find that rugs of good pattern, tex- ture and durability can be had to fit almost any purse, the prices of the various rugs being given in this article. One of the most attractive houses in the vicinity of Philadelphia will be described by a well-known architectural authority, and fully illustrated with reproductions of both exteriors and interiors. It is a house so skillfully planned that, despite its ample proportions, it still creates an atmosphere of home-feeling and inspires one with commendation for this sort of domestic architecture, which never can be too gen- erally employed. Edward I. Farrington, the poultry ex- pert and a writer of accepted authority, will contribute an illustrated article on the subject of “Keeping Twenty-five Hens.” This and future articles on kindred subjects will assure the standard that has been set by AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for its Poultry Department. The same num- ber will include another article on “Making Hens Lay in Winter,” and a helpful kennel article. If the reader of this present issue has found pleasure in the various photographic reproductions of “friendly dooryards,”’ which the editor hopes will serve as a little primer for stimulating home- building efforts in such directions, it is hoped that he will also find much of interest in a similar feature that will occupy the middle pages of the magazine for December, a feature especially appropriate to the holiday season, as will be several other articles, including an essay by a New Eng- land writer of note on nature subjects. There will be other articles dealing with homes and gardens of distinction, and the issue will be fully as interesting as the present one. “Good Taste in Decoration” will head the department established in the present issue called ‘““Within the House,” AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vii RTTURTAU PANE EE CG ay | ti and the Garden Department will cover a variety of hints and suggestions useful to the homebuilder and the garden- maker, while some new, original and delicious Christmas dishes will be described in the ‘‘Helps to the Housewife” Department. The December number will be richly illus- trated throughout with a large number of half-tones. NADVERTENTLY the names of the architects who re- modeled the houses described in the article on the ‘‘Story of Two Remodeled Farmhouses,” page 365 of the October number of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS, were omitted. The houses in question were remodeled by Messrs. Adden & Parker, 12 Bosworth Street, Boston, Mass. We are glad to rectify the oversight. THE PURE FOOD EXHIBITION HE Annual Pure Food Exhibition, recently held in New York city, brought to the attention of visitors several exhibits of unusual importance. One of these, the tenement food exhibit of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, brought forcibly home to one the immediate necessity of extended action in bringing about a transformation in the conditions of the quality of food consumed by the tenement dwellers of our cities. The poorer classes have always rested under the mistaken im- pression that foods purchased at delicatessen stores were much less expensive than foods prepared at home, and there- fore trading at these shops was an economy. The A. I. C. P. exhibit proves conclusively the opposite to be the case, and among the articles shown were various actual food sam- ples collected from tenement tables—breakfasts, luncheons and suppers such as are the rule and not the exception. One wonders that public interest can remain deaf to the appeal this visual exhibit of the terrible consequences of such feed- ing must bring to our community. It seems one more reason for advecating a National Department of Public Sanitation. The Department of Agriculture of the United States had displayed a collection of contaminated meats, and it is doubt- ful if any visitor inspecting this exhibit could come away without a feeling of the deepest indignation that producers and dealers could descend so low in the moral scale as to participate in the criminal act of offering to the consumer foods so terrible in nature. At the Pennsylvania booth a chair was shown whose parts were welded together with a glue extracted from ice cream, and also specimens of catsup made of pumpkin pulp instead of tomatoes. PHOTOGRAPHS FROM AMATEURS N response to the invitation of the editor to amateur photographers, AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS has re- ceived a number of interesting photographs, one or two of which are included in the present issue, and others will ap- pear in the magazine from time to time. The editor wishes to take this opportunity of expressing appreciation for the interest: taken in the matter of photographs by amateurs, and will be glad to consider other contributions of this sort. Vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 p i | | >| | \ | (i ig hh IN ii YJ HERE is an example of the modern built-in bath, which lightens housework. It is one piece of snowy Imperiall Solid’ Poree= lain, glazed inside and out—built permanent- ly into the tiled floor and walls. No awkward, hard-to- keep-clean spaces be- neath or behind it. A damp sponge keeps it spotless. May be built in across end of small room, adapted to a recess, or placed in a corner. MODERN Write for “‘ Modern Plumbing,”’ PLUMBING gn 8(0-page booklet which gives information about every form of modern bathroom equipment. — It shows 24 model bathroom interiors ranging in cost from $73 to $3000. Sent on request with 4 cents for postage. Tue J. L. Morr Iron Works 1828 OVER FIGHTY YEARS SUPREMACY 1911 FirrH Ave. and SEVENTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Minneapolis, Washington, St. Louis, New Orleans, Denver, San Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Portland (Ore ), Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Columbus, O., Kansas City, Salt Lake City. CANADA: 138 Bleury Street, Montreal. JUST PUBLISHED Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its thorough treatment of the subject: I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary and Hydraulic. WV. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and Testing. IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone. XI. Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks. XVIII. Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. _XXI. Concrete Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. NXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. XXV i a ‘e) SS) Py ys Hg a ee “ i ae, ae AS Here one finds a friendly dooryard invitingly attractive and indicative of the warmth of hospitality one feels sure will be found within the house. The American homemaker is coming to return to the thought that dominated the outdoor planning of his ancestors, wherefore the friendly door- yard is again coming into its own with us in our fuller enjoyment of each year’s progress in the art of homemaking The Country Dweller and the Automobile By Howard Victor Bowen Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals T. C. Turner, and others sq\|L THOUGH the automobile cannot be said to have created the interest in country living that has returned to take such a hold upon us, it has assisted to a marked degree with the development of this phase of our do- mestic progress. Fifteen years ago the countryside was being deserted, everyone who could, moving to the city; then came the reaction, and everywhere people began turning back to the restful environment of a prox- imity to the open country, with its green fields and blue skies. The automobile, with its facility for covering great distances in a remarkably short space of time, came to our generation at just the proper moment to become a potent factor in country living. It helped greatly to open up vast stretches of beautiful land not yet traversed by railroad or trolley, thus tempting the city dweller from the nervous strain of fretful town life. The automobile has made it practical for the city dweller to become a country dweller without the disadvantage of distance interfering with reach- ing his business, for even though he may choose to live fifty miles from the city, the man with a place in the country can motor into town far more comfortably than he could take a three-mile ride in a street car; neither would he be de- pendent upon the arbitrary hours of a railway timetable. The automobile is of particular value as an accessory to any country home. In the matter of driving horses, the up-keep of a stable, even one of moderate size, is a costly item compared with the expense of maintaining several well selected gasoline or electric vehicles for home use. How- ever, the selection of the motor car must be made carefully, with direct reference to the requirements of the use to which it will be put, inasmuch as some families would need motor cars for purposes that other families would not find in the program of their daily life. For instance, a family which entertains but little would hardly select the same sort of car that might be chosen by one which did; and, as a further illustration, a country physician, who wishes to cover the ground quickly and must be his own chauffeur, has no use for a sixty horse-power touring car, whereas a man planning transcontinental endurance runs could not use a two-pas- The automobile places the country dweller who lives in some secluded part of the countryside in immediate touch with his neighbor, and it is one of the principal factors in making aceess to modern country living both convenient and comfortable, as well as furnishing truly healthful recreation 388 = ee, “4 =) The country dweller does not need a chauffeur; he may run his own car senger runabout. Someone has said there is as much reason to use a fifty or sixty horse-power motor car to carry two passengers as there is to use a ten-ton hammer to drive a tack. It might seem that this were too obvious a matter to refer to, nevertheless so many mistakes are made in the choice of motor cars that a word here apropos of the sub- ject may not come amiss. Let us suppose that a family of moderate size plans to in- vest in an automobile of some sort. It is presupposed, of course, that the members of the family whose part it shall be to run the car are blessed with sufficient patience to learn the preliminary steps in the knowledge of motoring, and that being prepared to invest from $500 and upward in an automobile, the conclusion should not be jumped at that this will be the only expense entailed in connection with motoring thereafter; one must plan for the up-keep of an automobile as he would plan for the up-keep of a horse and carriage. Before the country dweller decides upon a car, it is sup- posed that in all probability he will have visited various auto- mobile shows and the selling ofhces along the motor car row of his nearest town, and that he will have supplied him- self with the catalogues and literature issued by the various makers of such vehicles. Friends will probably have been solicitous and have confused the prospective purchaser with a variety of conflicting suggestions, and one may imagine that many evenings will have been spent studying intricate diagrams, learning the meaning of technical terms, and otherwise trying to gain a preliminary working knowledge of automobile mysteries, inasmuch as the enthusiasm of the motorist-in-embryo grows apace with every hour he spends contemplating the happy day to come when the car he wants will have become his. A car which would answer every one of the demands AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 made upon it by the average country dweller might, per- haps, be found in a two-passenger, single-cylinder runabout of possibly twenty to twenty-four horse-power. ‘This is the sort of car which can be operated by the women of the family easily. Being designed for light use and moderate speed, it could hardly be expected to carry a very great load, but a car of this sort can be depended upon to carry two or three people at a speed of thirty to forty miles an hour without taxing its mechanism unduly, which is a rate of speed that should be equal to almost any of the demands that even rouga roads or hill-climbing might make upon it. Usually the mechanism of a small car is less complicated than that of a larger one, and therefore presents fewer difficulties in the beginning to the amateur country automobilist, who is apt, on coming into possession of an automobile, to be some- what puzzled and dazed at the prospect of obstacles to be overcome, of which he has read and has been told, but which, fortunately, are, at least the most of them, wholly imaginary, ordinary intelligence and carefulness being the prime requisite to running one’s own motor car successfully. If a somewhat larger automobile is required by the coun- try dweller, one would suggest a twenty-four or thirty horse- power touring car. One of this sort will accommodate four or more passengers, and its engines will be found a suf- ficient power to drive the car at a speed of from forty to sixty miles an hour, equal to hill-climbing and the rougher roads apt to be met with anywhere and any ground short of mountain and swamp. However, it must be remembered that the heavier the car the greater the expense of its main- tenance, the wear on the tires being much heavier, and more power, whether electric or otherwise, is required to drive the machine forward. This is a matter for considera- tion with the country dweller of moderate means. Every runabout or touring car should, of course, be pro- vided with accessories as ample as one’s circumstances will permit, and particularly with adjustable top covers if open cars are the ones that have been selected, the cover saving many a scorching or drenching from excess of summer heat or sudden shower. If all the motor. car accessories one would wish to have cannot be purchased in the beginning, the country dweller who buys a car will find himself taking a certain pleasure in adding to his automobile equipment from time to time. Indeed, the advent of the automobile has helped to solve many of the ‘‘what-to-give-for-Christ- mas” problems that so often confront the family before the arrival of the festive day. In selecting an automobile, the prospective owner should examine the workings of both electric and gasoline cars. Both motor cars have their warm supporters, and both their merits. When once the country dweller has made a pre- liminary study of the problem, he can then decide more in- telligently the sort of automobile that will be best suited to his specific purposes. As to the matter of tires, this is one which has puzzled automobilists from the beginning and may baflle ingenuity for some time to come, as no one has yet invented a pneu- matic tire that can be said to be absolutely puncture proof. An automobile tire is made of numerous layers of rubber, canvas, and other materials welded and cemented together with wonderful skill, the idea being to produce a tire which shall be flexible enough to absorb the shocks caused by the motion of the car, and yet of sufficient power reasonably to be secure against puncture. There must be considerable space within the tire for the air which is forced into it by pumping, and as the tire itself is necessarily of considerable thickness, the wheel is apt to present the somewhat bulky or clumsy appearance to which so many have objected on purely aesthetic grounds. If one cannot obtain a tire that is abso- lutely puncture proof, at least a tire may be selected which is best adapted to the roads over which it is to travel, and it November, 1911 a oe AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The top-cover for the open automobile will be much appreciated when driving leisurely on sunny days, and also in using the car on days when one is obliged to travel great distances and to weather storms of rain, snow or sleet is interesting to note that a tire will last much longer in the country than in the city. It is said that fully two hundred miles of travel may be had over country roads against one hundred over city streets, crossed as they are with a multi- plicity of car tracks, enforcing long stops and sharp turns, and the skidding incident to the present methods of street sprinkling. The lights which an automobile carries are a most im- portant part of its equipment. One should select, if possible, electric headlights, with a battery-charging dynamo, for the increased cost will really prove to be an investment paying a dividend in convenience and increased efficiency upon the amount of the expenditure. Many country dwellers would turn seriously to a consider- ation of investing in an automobile were they not frightened away from it by what they imagine to be the excessive cost of maintenance and repairing, not taking into consideration that the size of the bill for repairs is usually an index to the manner in which the motor car is operated and cared for. It is truly remarkable how little repairing is required with the automobile that is carefully handled, an ounce of pre- vention in the matter of driving being worth a ton of cure after reckless speeding. The makers of any reputable motor car construct their automobiles upon the “‘honor”’ plan, and therefore the machines may be depended upon to last, especially as the automobile has long since passed out of its experimental stage of being merely a noisy, rattling curiosity. Highly important in the maintenance of a car is the man- ner in which it is housed. Architects and builders have ex- erted their ingenuity in evolving the best types of garages for country homes. In AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS many of these have been pictured from time to time. The best arrangement in planning a garage is to place it where it will harmonize with the general architecture of the build- ings to which it is adjacent, thus adding to the beauty and symmetry of the composition line of the assembled out- buildings. For this reason the garage, as a general thing, should be designed in the style of the house itself, and it should be placed with an idea of keeping it apart, as far as possible, from the dwelling. One particularly successful example of this grouping of buildings comes to mind. It was that found on a country place, the house being one of twenty rooms, the outer walls covered with rough hand- made shingles which had been stained to a silver-gray. Numerous chimneys of stone were necessary to the house, and the whole dwelling was almost covered with Boston ivy, which had been permitted to grow directly upon the shingle walls—an arrangement which, though somewhat harmful to the life of a frame building, yet produced a homelike effect. The service buildings, garage and other out-build- ings were placed away from the house, the space between being connected by a roof to form an arcade. This made, in effect, one building of the group of buildings, broad and low in appearance, and following the lines of the site. The whole place was carefully planned and had the environment of beautiful grounds, the result of generations of planting. Of course, this particular country estate is one of consider- able cost, but it was a distinct and pleasing contrast to others I have seen, where the final appearance of the grouping of the out-buildings was not taken into account, and even in this instance the same principles apply to the plans for a country home for the man of moderate means. As insurance 399 An inexpensive type of an automobile shelter that may be supplanted at a later time by a more pretentious garage if required companies have very definite rules regarding the location of gasoline tanks, their requirements, like the laws of the Medes and the Persians, must be respected. Generally the gasoline tank for the garage is built at a distance of not less than thirty feet from any building, and under ground, with Moho SCS ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 Tei See ra The country dweller who does not wish to go to great expense, may well erect a little garage of this sort pipes below the gas line, in which portable lights are carried. Nevertheless, the gasoline tank need never be a blot upon the landscape, for it may be hidden by shrubbery or screened with a vine-covered lattice. Apropos of the garage, the country dweller should try to provide a shelter of some kind This is an excellent type of the cement garage for a small country place, designed to harmonize with the architecture of the dwelling and with the landscape into which it fits. The matter of harmonizing the outbuildings is always one of importance, deserving more attention than it receives November, Ig1I AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The garage which has an architectural distinction is one of the most interesting features of a country place of any sort, and should always occupy a place in the plans of the premises when it is found possible to arrange for its being included for the automobiles of chance visitors and guests, even though he has no garage proper as yet upon the premises. Of course, many families in the country keep their motor cars in old carriage stables. Indeed, the name “‘garage’’ so often sug- gests that of “chauffeur” that many persons have not be- come interested in owning motors from imagining they would have to hire chauffeurs to run them, despite the fact that an enormous number of automobiles are operated solely by their owners or members of their families. In this con- nection it is interesting to note the increasing popularity of the “visiting chauffeur” in country localities—a man under- taking the daily examination of automobiles for a number of families in a neighborhood, carefully “grooming” the cars and getting them ready for the day’s travel. As public garages and automobile repair shops are now everywhere to be found, any road mishap need not necessarily require one’s own chauffeur at hand when driving, and the “‘visiting chauffeur” plan has therefore been found to work out with great success, and it proves an economical way of adding to the pleasure of the country dweller’s owning his own car. It must not be thought that motoring is merely an idle pastime, at least not for the one driving the car. Indeed, it is one of the best forms of exercise for all-round develop- ment, calling, as it does, all the muscles of the upper part of the body, and many of the muscles of the lower limbs, con- stantly into play, and in such a manner that one becomes adept in their control. It has always been thought that driving an automobile was under no condition a woman’s profession; however, this is a great mistake. Hundreds of women throughout the country drive their own cars and find great pleasure in the pastime, as well as the profit of its exercise. It is, of course, more difficult for a woman to attempt anything like the repairs on a car, but where one leaves the garage with a machine in good condition, with careful driving one is reasonably safe from the interruptions and annoyances that might otherwise present themselves. As to the matter of safety, there should be no doubt that a carefully driven car is fully as safe as riding in a carriage after a horse. Unless one is content to plod along the road after what is called a “plug,” there must always be more or less danger in driving from a shying or unused horse. There is, of course, pleasure in horses that nothing else can sup- plant, and one does not pretend that an automobile presents attractions synonymous to those found in driving. Driving and motoring each have their particular fascinations, and each must be considered separately. However, the objec- tion to the motor car as being unsafe is hardly tenable. We have not, perhaps, paid enough attention to the edu- cational value of the automobile in the matter of bringing through its means to the attention of our children a better idea of historical localities. It is a pity that in the eastern countryside, almost every mile of which has some definite connection with our history, the children in the house are not taken on little home excursions to points of historical interest. This, perhaps, is because we so often overlook those things that are most near at home. Apropos of this it may not be out of place to mention here the plan whereby a man and his wife added actual profit to the pleasure of their summer’s motoring. They lived near one of the his- toric towns of the Hudson River Valley, a neighborhood much frequented by summer visitors, and by mapping out an excursion route to a number of places of interest in the The old way and the new vicinity, they quietly let it be known that little picnic basket tours would be conducted by them. Of course, the number of persons was limited to two or three, and the initiators of this interesting plan would drive their car, with their guests, out before luncheon to some woodland spot where the out- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 door feast would be unpacked from the hamper, and after the repast the car would be driven from place to place, returning at half-past four o’clock to the starting point for tea. This “seeing the countryside” plan was such a success that it will probably be repeated another season. One must not overlook the motor-truck type of auto- mobile, which is meeting great favor everywhere. It is almost indispensable to the large country place and is put to a variety of uses, some of which are the transportation of various articles from one part of an estate to another, car- rying trunks to and from distant railway stations, and often serving as accompaniments to picnic parties. Indeed, the automobile has made modern picnicking a thorough delight, for it has enabled one to enjoy the coming and going as well as the woodland spread itself. A discerning writer who has gone deeply into psychology claims that one is kept youthful in appearance as well as in spirit by a variety of interests; that the wear and drain which modern life creates is repaired or remedied and over- come by the pleasure which may come from external at- tractions—which is only another way of saying that a hobby is a tremendous help to a busy man and that its due grati- fication will help him in many ways. The dictionary defines a hobby as ‘‘a favorite pastime,’ not necessarily either a folly or merely a pastime. What would become of child- hood were there no hobbies to ride, and, translated to later years and other scenes, our hobbies are the interests which keep us young and interested when plans go wrong and cares come toppling down about our ears. Nothing, per- haps, adds more to the pleasure of country living than the careful cultivation and diligent riding of a hobby, and I often wonder if one could find a hobby more fascinating and yet more practical than the use of the automobile. Its services minister to the entire family, it responds alike to the call of business or pleasure, it closely unites city work with country living, and one rural community with another. The automobile can, of course, be abused like anything else, but its wise and intelligent use is practical and economical, and it is doing more than any other one factor to-day to promote enjoyable country life, to make it practicable and possible. The half-timber type of garage architecture always suggests country living and is an admirable feature in the home setting of the country landscape November, 1911 Boag ei oA? Se RSE AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ee “T aurel Lodge,” the studio cottage of Miss Ida J. Burgess, Woodstock, New York, nestles on the crest of one of the lovely Catskill foothills A Mountain Lodge The Story of a Delightful Little House in the Catskills and of How Its Owner Came to Build It By Josephine Burleigh Photographs by the Author JHE first thought that comes to an artist who <|| contemplates building a studio home in the country is that of the choice of its location. Of course, this would seem to be true in the matter of any selection, but to the artist the surroundings of his house and his environ- ment count above almost all the other considerations, even above those of comfort and accessibility, which cannot be said in connection with those whose vocations and avocations throw them into different fields of endeavor. The little house which forms the subject of this article is the home of an artist, and one notes that for a long time it was a question as to whether or not its owner should choose a spot on the seashore or in the mountain country for its placing. Finally, after much thought, the high- lands were chosen, and the charm of the Catskills with all their Rip Van Winklish itchen approach to “Laurel The k Lodge”’ is partly up these steps, that have been made of stones hewn from the little quarry at their side associations prevailed. Near one of the many small vil- -lages of Ulster County (so remote from main roads of travel that one must drive some five or six miles to reach a railroad and where modernity has not found it accessible enough to spoil the quaintness of the place by anything like an invasion), “Laurel Lodge,” for so its mistress has named the house, came to be built. Other artists also have found this quaint corner of the countryside a haven for their inspirations, and a de- lightful colony of congenial neighbors has sprung up in these lovely hills. That also presented itself as a fur- ther inducement to this home-builder for choosing the mountain land, though in doing so a deep love for the sea seemed, for a while, to fight for the place of a final choice. Perhaps in no other nook in the whole Catskill country is more de- lightful scenery to be found. Here are wonderful trees, mysterious ravines, and vel- vety fields and the quaint 394 AMERICAN people, native to the soil of this district, serve unconsciously to lend to its picturesqueness in the artist’s eye. In the earliest years of their ar- ————_— rival in this particular valley, many ' 4 of the natives looked upon the oo coming of the painter-folk with considerable distrust, but since it has been mutually agreed that the invaders shall not leave paint-rags in the cow pastures nor let down the bars of the grain fields, peace has been established, and if the masters or mistresses of the brush choose to wander out on moonlit nights in search of ‘‘motifs,” they may do so until the dawn of day, quite peacefully, with no fear that the farmer will fire a shotgun at them under the innocent guise of pretending to have thought them robbers or tramps. Apropos of either fraternity, one may say with happy heart that both shun the valley completely. The owner of “Laurel Lodge” did not have long to look before finding a bit of pasture land, well supplied with natural springs and large trees, on the rising slope toward the Overlook Mountain, which was bought for a small sum. To eyes accustomed to the shut-in vistas of city streets the price paid may have seemed “fair,” but to the new owner of these few acres it seemed ridiculously low for the wide prospect of the hills enfolding this happy valley, affording never-ending sources of pleasure. The second thought in the mind of the builder of this studio lodge, once the location had been decided on, was the size and proportion which a good working studio with the necessary living quarters attached should have, espe- cially taking into consideration its summer accommodations, for that was the season in which it was to be most in use. As the idea of having a large studio for summer work dominated the mind of the owner (who made her own plans, by the way), as little else as possible was included in the scheme of space allotment. Having placed the house (in imagination) just where the i ar Be a tes aS sia - Pra oma £ & Lo HOMES AND GARDENS The studio-room is large, light and homelike November, 1911 view of the valley toward the west was finest, and where it would be sheltered from the main high road by some large maple trees, the next consideration was the taking ad- oe | vantage of the peculiarities of the 1] ache site, planning the house to fit the site chosen. This hillside spot was 4 (a on a steep slope near the top of a : small ledge of rock where a quar- ryman had recently been excavating stone, which suggested to the home- builder the plan of erecting a house having a lower story opening on a level below that of the studio above. This plan worked out very well, as it kept the living-room en- tirely distinct from the studio above and yet covered them both with one roof. The studio floor extends some feet beyond the stone wall of the foundation, which forms the north side of the living-room below, making the studio floor consider- ably wider. The floor space is 21x30 feet; the height 17 feet to the peak of the roof. In appearance it is a two-story house viewed from the south side, while from the north side it looks like a one-story bungalow, whose striking features are a big dormer window at the north side and a massive stone chimney on the west- ern end. In immediate surroundings, whose greatest crop till then seemed to be stone, it was not difficult to obtain from the banks of the creek and from the old stonewall fences enough ‘‘cobbles” to make this chimney almost wholly from big and little boulders. ‘The pride of the Scotch mason in his work while building it, and his canny remarks on the special lore required to produce a work of art of the sort of which he considered himself alone capable, was worth enduring his trying obstinacy at times. A brick chimney, perhaps, would have been far less expensive, but not half so delightful. Who ever knew an artist to hesitate to spend on the things that please the eye? Far rather would the artist who made this homelike little otis * These two views of the studio-room chimney corner at ‘‘Laurel Lodge” show the possibilities of rough cobbles used for interior building purposes November, 1911 house spend her money for the stone chimney of her dreams and economize on—well, on something else! So this chimney with its big studio fireplace was built of stone rather than of brick, just to fill the owner’s sense of fitness for its place. The studio fireplace is big enough to take logs as they come from the woods, and both firre- places are supplied with the old- fashioned cranes and_ hangers which the village blacksmith was found clever enough to make. The attic of a farmhouse supplied a fine pair of andirons, discarded along with fireplaces many years ao: also a big iron kettle. ~A small corner fireplace was also constructed in the living- room below, the flue being carried up in one side of the big chimney. This small open fire adds its cheer during the cool days of spring and autumn, besides being of great prac- tical utility on the culinary side of things, which is some- thing even the most impractical artist does not always over- look! The studio-room of “Laurel Lodge” was found to be still quite large enough for any ordinary work, even though a bedroom was later partitioned off in the corner near the winding, well-lighted stairway descending to the lower floor. The corner opposite this bedroom contained a somewhat larger space, about which movable screen partitions were placed, together with curtains which may be drawn aside when the added space is desired in the studio, or closed for a little workroom, or even utilized as a bedroom when demanded by an occasional guest. The problem of lighting the studio from the big dormer window received particular attention on the part of the artist when drawing the plans. A good, steady, north light, high enough to light the whole studio, with no bothersome cross lights from other windows, was, of course, a studio necessity to the owner. [he smaller windows were placed low in the wall, the vistas from which disclosed -a never tiresome panorama of Nature’s ever-changing delights. These window openings were made wide rather than high, with the old-time sliding sash of our Dutch forbears. Instead of the regulation upright window having pulleys The plate-rack in the living-room. ‘The stairway leads to the studio-room, just above it AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 395 and weights to raise the sash, these were built to slide back into the wall at either side. When open, these windows frame in bits of landscape that are veritable pic- tures in themselves. The smal] windows in the gable ends of the house were designed for the pur- pose of ventilation during the hot months of the year. The walls of the studio-room were covered with golden brown grasscloth as far as the rafters overhead, which rafters were left unfinished like the gable ends, except for a coat of gray stain added to subdue the disagree- able yellow of new pine. The floor also received a tone of gray stain before it was finished in hard varnish, and the shelves and studio fittings were all made gray as far as possible. The possibility of monotony in such a color scheme was avoided by the selection of rugs of skins and rag carpet on the floor and the numerous copper and Japanese pottery jars lending definite contrasting color notes, while the various bits of bric-a-brac and objets d’art, dear to the artist soul, found ample space for the display of their individual charms against the plain walls and gray stone chimney. The door opening in the central space below the north dormer window was made in two sections like the old- fashioned Dutch door, and it was arranged to furnish a window space when its upper section is thrown back. From this studio-room, one may look out toward the mountains. The “Minister’s Face” of bare rock showing above the trees on the right, just over the old stone quarry, where workmen still obtain stone for local building and road-making purposes. Below this old quarry a road crosses the wide stretches of pasture land, leading the eye gently down from the steep wilderness above. Not a house is visible in this direction to break the perfect picture of prim- itive nature, where the Wild Fern, the Mountain Laurel, and the Azalea bloom among the rocks. The balcony added to the western end of “Laurel Lodge” opens from the studio, and serves as an outdoor sleeping- room. Doors lead from this into the studio, swinging back. This balcony has a pent roof and is enclosed high enough to conceal the couch bench. The window-sash, the doors The dining table corner of the living-room Lower fireplace across the living-room corner 396 and casings within the house are stained green, as also they are on the outside, except in the corner closed off with cur- tains, where all-the woodwork was stained gray, including the built-in seat and drop-leaf work-table. The long seat with shelf above near the fireplace is also stained gray to harmonize with the color of the chimney cobbles, and this seat is brightened and made comfortable with many cushions of large flowered chintz. Window cur- tains of small-patterned cotton print (the India prints of black on white) serve both to ornament the small windows and as shades when drawn together. Naturally, from early spring to late fall one may decorate such a studio with masses of wild flowers in profusion. The large white blossoms of the Dogwood, which bloom with the pink Azalea in season, are always looked forward to with joy by the artist-owner. With the succeeding Laurel, Wild Roses, and brilliant autumn foliage it is possible to have their added grace at all seasons in decorating various corners of the little lodge. As for the furnishings of the lower floor of the house, some old hickory chairs and a table with drop-leaves were acquired from neighboring houses, whose owners were only too glad to supply their places with more modern furniture. The walls of the living-room on this floor and the small bathroom opening from it were ceiled with pine and the whole finished with a green stain, variously modified by the natural color of the wood. The rafters of rough wood also took the stain very well, and on a hot summer day this cool color is very pleasing. Built into the living-room walls were seats beneath the wide, low windows which fill two sides of the room. ‘The door, again, was of the Dutch AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 sort, opening above and below. ‘The dishes on the living- room shelves were chosen from blue and white, and not to be too conspicuous against their setting of green above the white enameled sink. A small bedroom is tucked away in the southeast corner of the living-room floor. ‘This is also finished entirely in green stain, and a cold closet, having the natural rock for a shelf, is beneath the stairway. In the planning of ‘“‘Laurel Lodge” every effort was made to utilize such conveniences of modern comfort as may be had in the country. Spring water was piped to the house for house- hold use and the supply of the bath. The stone-paved space on the south side of the house offers possibilities for a vine-covered pergola. Here are the stone steps descending to the level of the great maple tree, whose shade invites a hammock lounger on all summer days. The slope of the hillside, with its sparsely covered rocks, demanded the wild-flower garden wherein all kinds of Perennials, Pinks, Sweet-William, Phlox and Canterbury Bells bloom with little care. ‘To keep all that was possible of the original wilderness of the place unspoiled, its natural growth of Azalea, Laurel, and Wild Roses has not been disturbed. A few benches and garden seats were made for the shady places beneath the large trees, for the outdoor life of the place lends it great charm at all seasons of the year, and even winter, with its blanketing of snow, finds the open fires defying its cold winds, while looking forth from the security of the cosy interior the frosty prospect outside is like a fairyland of glittering crystal, full of interest in the unceasing changes of color wrought upon the landscape by the frequent shifting of the sun and the moon. “Sunshine” A House of Distinction at Great Neck, Long Island By Ralph de Martin UILT on the summit of a cliff above the waters of Long Island Sound known as Lit- tle Neck Bay, a great white stucco house, designed by Messrs. Little & O’Connor, architects, of New York, but actually a re- building of an older structure, is a dwelling of distinct originality. It is ample and generous in size, broadly planned and built—a house of strong lines and firm character. ‘There is a massiveness and strength in every portion of its exterior, due partly to its considerable size, but more generally to the absence of external features. Thus the windows everywhere are sunk in the deep thickness of the walls and are without external frames; the cornice is re- served for the main building, and in the subsidiary parts its place is taken by the projection of the tiled roof. The stepped and curved gables, and the turret-like treatment of the corners are the most characteristic features of the exterior, these and the great roofs of brilliant red Spanish tiles. The last give the character-note to the ex- terior, but the delicate pea-green of the door and window frames and of the blinds is an essential part of the outer color scheme. The entrance front is an eminently massive composition of quiet dignity. The body of the house is a vast rect- angular structure, to which wings are applied on either side. The larger of these, on the right, is devoted to the kitchen and the service-rooms; the smaller, on the left, has been chiefly erected to provide space for the great smoking- or billiard-room located within it. In the center is a massive porte cochére, with a great arch on either end, and a slightly smaller one in the axis of the doorway. The house wall on either side is long enough to provide room for three windows—actually four on the right—spaced in ample wall. The roof contains four dormers, two on each side, with a small stucco gable in the center. The glazed entrance doors are provided with handsome bronze grilles, and immediately within is the vestibule. Its area is considerable for a space devoted to this use, and at once sets the scale for the ample dimensions observable everywhere in this large house. Its floor is laid with small green tiles, largely covered with a rug, whose predomin- ating shade is red. The walls are paneled in wood, painted white, and the ceiling is gilded. Immediately beyond is a small passage or recess, with two pairs of columns, front and back, and separated from the vestibule by curtains of rich red velvet. On each side of this space is a semi- circular domed recess, containing a tall electrolier stand- ing on a circular base. It is but a step into the hall, which is a splendid room with windows giving on the open court on the water front. The stairs rise on either side in graceful curves to a bal- cony immediately above the point of entrance. “They have mahogany treads, newels and handrails, with balusters painted white, and are covered with a rich crimson carpet. Both balcony and upper hallways are entirely open, and their white walls, paneled ceilings and red panels present a picturesque appearance as viewed from below. The lower hall is treated in ivory white, the walls, for the most part, being faced with great panels of tapestry. The ceiling is beamed, with closely placed girders with white plaster panels between them. A fine old lantern of gilded wood hangs from the upper ceiling. The floor is of hard wood, with many rugs. The window curtains are of pink satin with borders richly embroidered in white, hung over white lace curtains. The central opening is a door to the court and, like the other door openings, is provided with — a November, 1911 The piazza on the water front suggests a Pompeian court red silk portiéres. The furniture is gilded and has covers of pink and red. The hall being the center of the house the location of the other rooms are best determined by their relationship to it. On the right, entered from the vestibule as well as from the hall, is the recep- tion-room. Further on is the dining-room, and then the break- fast-room, the kitchen and its dependencies occupying a wing that comes forward on the entrance front. On the left are the library and billiard- rooms, and a series of small apartments especially planned for the own- er’s personal use. The reception- room is a small apart- ment very delicately treated in pink and white. The walls are lined with pink satin in two tones; the woodwork is painted white, the ceiling is white, and pink and white are the prevail- ing colors of the rug. The window curtains are of pink satin hung over white lace cur- tains. The furniture is exclusively old French and is pink AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS oO) and white. The room contains an elaborate bronze centertable, with porcelain por- traits let into the top. The dining - room, which is separated from the hall by an alcove, is sumptu- ously furnished and decorated. The walls are lined with tapes- try, and the same ma- terial is used for the portieres at the doors. The plastered ceiling is decorated with a star-like geometrical pattern, and is sup- ported by a strong cornice. The wood- work, which is quite subordinated, is painted white, and the hardwood floor is covered with a green rug with a two-tone border. The curtains are of green velvet over outer-curtains of white silk. The fur- niture is mahogany, with metal ornaments and mounts, and tapestry seats. In the center of one wall is a great sculptured mantelpiece, the shelf being upheld by figures almost life size; the facings and linings are of brown brick. ‘The room is illuminated at night by four richly clustered crystal electroliers, which depend from the The water front is-one of the most attractive sides of this house AMERICAN Wall fountain at “‘Sunshine”’ four corners of the ceiling. On the water front this room opens onto a covered porch, arched without, with narrow rims of wood painted pea green. It is floored with Welsh tile, partly covered with a vast rug. The breakfast-room is beyond, and is a delightful apart- ment of very real charm. It is of goodly size, too, and is lighted by windows opening on three sides. The plas- tered walls are, throughout, lined with wooden trellis work painted green, and the ceiling is treated in the same manner. There is a plentiful decoration of artificial flowers and leaves in the ceiling, but natural plants in great variety are stood around the room and grouped in the corners, all tending to help in the conservatory effect to which the struc- tural decorations obviously lend themselves. The floor is of cement, painted in two tones of green. A large grape- basket light depends from the center of the ceiling, and half baskets of similar design are used for the side lights. The furniture is mahogany with rush seats. The whole of one wall panel is filled with a fountain of vigorous sculpture. The rooms on the left of the hall are connected with it by means of passages and hence do not open directly from it. The first, on the water front, is the library. It is finished in dark oak with a high paneled wainscot, above which the walls are faced with dark green cloth. The woodwork of the furniture is identical with that of the walls and is softly harmonious with the mouse-colored velvet with which the chairs and divans are covered. The rug is of the same color, and has a border in two tones. So also are the cur- tains, which are arranged at the tops with a lambrequin de- ‘sign. The ceiling is beamed, with small panels. A large bronze electrolier depends from the center, while the side lights are provided with globes of brilliant incandescent glass. An inglenook is arranged in one corner and has a delightfully informal character. The walls and pavement are lined with red brick, those of the latter being disposed in herring-bone fashion, and the fireplace is provided with a great copper hood. All of these parts are arranged HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 under a projecting roof, which is provided with an outer vase shelf. Beyond, at the end of the passage, is the billiard-room. One comes upon it with surprise. It is unexpected in its size, unexpected in its style, unexpected in its charm. It is a charming apartment in every way, the largest in the house and the most striking in its treatment. For its walls, from floor to ceiling, are lined with exposed logs, shorn of their bark, but otherwise left in their natural state. It is L shaped in plan, with an extension immediately before you as you come into it through the passage from the hall. Here the roof rafters are upheld by the stout trunks of trees which retain their bark and whose branched tops have the value of capitals to columns. ‘The floor is of hard wood, covered with many rugs, skins and Navajo blankets. The chief light, over the billiard table, consists of four old- time lanterns hung on crossed wood branches, while many single lanterns encase the electric lights on the walls. The room is immense in size, extending from front to front, and with windows on three sides. These are of casement form, with diamond panes. ‘There are no cur- tains, but deep blue shades. At the far end, and actually on the entrance front of the house, is the fireplace, an immense structure built up of great field stones, and with a cavern-like opening in which the most generous of fires may burn. The hearth is also huge in size, and is formed of field stones sunk in cement. The stones of the fireplace disappear behind the ceiling of barkless logs; above the opening is a shelf formed by an immense hewn log. The furniture, including the great table, is rustic work, and is supplied with red cushions or skins. The room has, in fact, all the character, and the very true character, of the living- room of a genuine huntsman’s lodge, a circumstance that is heightened, in large measure, by the magnificent collection of moose and other animal heads with which the walls are decorated. The remaining rooms on the entrance front are of quite subordinate character. A toilet-room is provided on each side of the vestibule, and on the left, as you enter the The main staircase and hall November, Ig11 house, is, beyond, a large coatroom, and then an office- room, which is finished in red and white. The marked simplicity of the entrance front is some- what modified in the development of the water front. There is still, it is true, the same absence of ornamentation and the same vigorous massing of the parts, but the latter show greater variety, and the whole effect is distinctly more festal in character. Each end of the main portion of the house is here projected forward in two wings, two stories in height, with great projecting roofs, broken in the center with small gable ends. The first story of each wing con- tains a loggia, with three round arches, above which a balcony is projected below the triple window of the second story. The most interesting feature here is unquestionably AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 399 old locust trees stand guard around it. The slope to the water's edge is but a short distance away, and is so pre- cipitous as to be almost vertical. Very beautiful it is here, the white house rising in massive grandeur in the back- ground, the warm green of the grass, gently shaded by the fine old trees, and down below the glistening waters of Little Neck Bay. It is a rare and lovely site, of real and penetrating beauty. Withal, as one approaches the house at ‘‘Sunshine,” there is not at any turn a sense of that forbidding formality which is one of the crying faults of much of the American country home architecture in the past—happily the past, for the architects of the present appreciate the fact that dignity is ever inseparable from true home-feeling as expressed by The tapestry-walled dining-room of “‘Sunshine’’ is one of the finest and most spacious rooms in the house the colonnade which connects these wings, and which is carried along the outer margin of the intervening space, thus creating an open court behind it. The roof of the porch, which is covered with red tiles and is within lined with wood supported on beams, is carried on massive columns of cement. The woodwork is all exposed here and is painted pea green, the whole arrangement affording a brilliant color-note exactly where it is most effective. A broad flight of steps leads directly to the lawn, the piers at either end being decorated with reclining lions. There are open terraces beyond the loggias, one at each end of the house, and the steps, which descend to the right and left, have rearing lions on either side supporting shields. All the outer space here is beautifully grassed, while just beyond the house a double and triple row of slender the house and grounds. Even the great chateaux of France, the pretentious villas of Italy, the castles of Germany, the palaces of Spain, and the manors of England teach us that the quality of livableness can be expressed in the dwelling of great proportions as truly as it can in the cottage. In- deed, we are striving to remove from even those of our country places which have had the misfortune just to miss the sense of being homes as well as show places, that for- bidding coldness of aspect that charaterizes our worst period, not of mere architectural construction, perhaps, but of endowing the dwelling, great or small, with a sense of permanency, as though it had been and would continue to be lived in for many more generations. Therefore houses of this sort can hardly fail to command our respect in the light of the budding ideal of American home-making. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 Of all bulb flowers of early springtime, none are more beautiful than the lovely fragrant Hyacinth The Hyacinth By Gardner Teall Photographs by Nathan R. Graves VER since the lovely Hyacinth was introduced by seedlings and hybrids from the Oriental Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) of the Levant, as long ago as the year 1590, it has held a warm spot in the hearts of all garden lovers, not alone in the affections of the Dutch florists, who have brought it to such perfection, but quite as much in those of American amateurs, who have found it a flower of surpassing beauty, color and fragrance in the early spring garden. Likewise, the Hyacinth has come to be one of the favorite bulb plants for indoor bloom —probably the most popular one of all. Of Hyacinths there are many varieties, from the exquisite little Amethyst Hyacinth of Europe, with its brilliant azure of pellucid hue and its exquisite fragrance, to the great, fat, wonderful ones that have helped to make the gardens of Holland famous and gorgeous. There is not a more beau- tiful flowering bulb to be found for the purpose of planting for naturalistic effects for lawn, field, meadow, wood, hill- side or rockery. The traveler in Europe finds joyous de- light in coming upon the Hyacinth in its native haunts. One will find it in Greece and in Sicily, and sometimes in Capri, wild upon the mountain-top. The flower takes its name from Hyacinthus, son of the Spartan king, Amyclos, who was killed when playing quoits with the god, Zephyrus, through the treachery of the jealous Apollo. The old Greek legend has it that from the blood of Hyacinthus there sprang up a flower to bear his name, on the leaves of which appeared the exclamation of woe, AI, AI. There is no reason why we should feel that we live in so practical an age that while we busy ourselves with the prose of flowers we have not time for the poetry of their love. Indeed, it is hard to understand how anyone who loves a garden and the plants therein can fail to take an interest in everything, legendary or otherwise, pertaining to each of them. I know one possessor of a perfect garden who has placed hither and thither among his beloved plants little quotations from the poets, classic and modern, as well as labels to mark them. When his brilliant Hyacinth beds are in tioom they are marked, as one might guess, with this quotation from old Omar Khayyam: I sometimes think that never blows so red The rose as when some buried Cesar bled; That every Hyacinth the Garden wears Dropt in her lap from some once lovely head. It happens that this friend’s Hyacinths are planted around and among his choicest roses, and, of course, with the pass- ing of the fragrant flowers of spring the quatrain remains appropriate to the charms of the roses that unfold their wonderful buds throughout their season. Single Hyacinths invariably succeed better, although many amateurs are just as successful in raising double ones. Whites, blues, pinks, reds, purples and creamy yellows are the colors of the Hyacinth, but of them all the white is the most beautiful, though amateur gardeners are apt to make the mistake of passing it up for the more showy varieties. November, 1911 This is a great mis- take, for there never yet existed a bed, or border, or grouping of colored Hyacinths that could afford to be with- out the snowy purity of the white flowers, lending just that note of contrast that one needs to find in every bulbeanrdens lit one looks for mere color effect in massing, the dumpy, short-stalked, “‘thick,’’ double varie- ties of Hyacinths may be employed. Their colors are varied and lovely, and their fra- grance permeating; but they quite lack the exquisite beauty of the single varieties. Fortunately, Hya- cinths may be planted late, even into No- vember. One recommends fresh bulbs each year, but that is not absolutely necessary, though they must, in any event, be “‘lifted” in May, after they cease flowering. The finer bulbs send up flowered spikes from ten to fifteen inches in height. Hyacinths should be planted eight inches apart and about five inches deep. Directions were given in the Octo- ber issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for bulb planting, and one need only repeat here that, in common with other bulbs, Hyacinths should be placed in the earth upon a little thin bed of sand below the bulbs, and after being covered with earth, should have the fur- ther protection of a mulch, of either manurial dressing or leaves. Evergreen boughs (cedars and _ bal- sams) make a good cover- ing throughout a_ severe winter. When spring ar- rives the mulch should be removed, not all at once, but gradually, so the earth below, which comes in con- tact with the bulbs, will not be chilled too suddenly. Hyacinths for indoors may be started in deep pots in November. The best potting soil I have expert- mented with has been com- posed of a compost pre- pared of one part of rich loam, one part of thor- oughly decomposed barn- yard manure, and one half part clean, coarse sand. The bulb crowns should be left about half an inch above the surface of the soil, and the root end should rest upon a base of char- coal-covered potsherds. The single-flowered Oriental Hyacinth AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Hyacinths planted for naturalistic effects always reward the trouble taken with them 401 Press down the soil firmly around the bulb and wet it thoroughly. Either “plunge” the pots or set them safely away in a dark, warm place, where the. soil may be kept fairly damp. When the bulbs are firmly rooted (one may tell by turning out a sample pot for ex- amination) bring them Comune luoghht aslehic whitish - green shoot, an inch or so in height, will soon darken in color and will grow with great rapidity, a few weeks’ time bring- ing forth the flower spike. Hyacinths re- quire liberal watering im when brought forth — ; ie from their seclusion. The blue and the white Grape-Hyacinth It is possible to grow Hyacinths in pure sand, if this has been washed to free it from salt. The Hyacinth glasses, to be found at every nurseryman’s or at every florist’s, are devised for the pur- pose of growing Hyacinths in water. In experimenting I have found it a most satisfactory method to keep the bulbs in dampened moss for a preliminary period of two weeks, placing the bulbs then on top of the water-filled Hya- cinth glasses. This can be done in a succession of weeks in November, and will pro- duce a succession of bloom. Remember, that the water should just touch the lower part of the Hyacinth bulb, and rain-water should be used for the purpose when it is possible to obtain it, changing it every ten days, and carefully supplying any deficiency caused by evapo- ration in the interval. The bulbs placed in Hyacinth glasses must be kept in some warm, dark place until the glass is half filled with roots. Great care must also be taken that the water in changing be the same temperature as that of which it takes the place. The water must never be too cold. There is not much to be said about the matter of choosing Hyacinth bulbs, but the little that is to be said is of great importance. One should remember bulbs must be chosen not for size, but for hardness and solid- ity, and the bases must be thoroughly sound. Medium sized, firm, hard and heavy bulbs are always to be chosen for planting. 402 AMERICAN HOM “The Frienct | HERE is a charm about the old-world dooryard that long as we barricaded our premises with fences we vf our lawns an appearance of inviting hospitality. N dooryard is coming to be one of the features of o | of moderate means. We are learning the most attr} dooryards when they need it, to screen our porches informal and inviting without sacrificing its dignity. In the days greatly to the attractive approach to the house. As a matter of fac bad taste—that is to say, the lack of it—creep into our efforts at ho But we have returned to happy paths once more, and again the bi gracing our dooryards and making us feel, every time we set foot having given thought to the matter of the friendly dooryard, not (C))jegoncogpoooo fy : Le (GEESE le coondpoca fet [O} hejoocagooco fa (O} kes ococrfocco tall} ( AND GARDENS 7 Dooryard © -acking too often in our own. We have been wont to feel that so | obtaining seclusion, or that in removing them we were lending to | fortunately, we have turned in the right direction, and the friendly accessful homes, whether they are show-places or homes of the man "e sorts of materials to use in building garden walks, to terrace our nout producing gloomy effects; withal, to make the entrance part »ur great-grandfathers, the old-fashioned flowers and shrubs added ese old-fashioned plants became old-fashioned only because we let making, and this crowded out so much that was lovely everywhere. ful blossoms of yesterday's garden may now be found in our own, n our premises, that our homes are just that much lovelier for our for our own satisfaction, but that our neighbor, too, may bless us. 403 Ss AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 404 HULA AL [C2 [] (ERE fs oconsocno Fo (O)] fo cccosecoo key OlGes OSE “The Friendly Dooryard” HERE is a charm about the old-world dooryard that is lacking too often in our own. We have been wont to feel that so long as we barricaded our premises with fences we were obtaining seclusion, or that in removing them we were lending to our lawns an appearance of inviting hospitality. Now, fortunately, we have turned in the right direction, and the friendly dooryard is coming to be one of the features of our successful homes, whether they are show-places or homes of the man of moderate means. We are learning the most attractive sorts of materials to use in building garden walks, to terrace our dooryards when they need it, to screen our porches without producing gloomy effects; withal, to make the entrance part informal and inviting without sacrificing its dignity. In the days of our great-grandfathers, the old-fashioned flowers and shrubs added greatly to the attractive approach to the house. As a matter of fact, these old-fashioned plants became old-fashioned only because we let bad taste—that is to say, the lack of it—creep into our efforts at home-making, and this crowded out so much that was lovely everywhere. But we have returned to happy paths once more, and again the beautiful blossoms of yesterday's garden may now be found in our own, gracing our dooryards and making us feel, every time we set foot upon our premises, that our homes are just that much lovelier for our having given thought to the matter of the friendly dooryard, not only for our own satisfaction, but that our neighbor, too, may bless us. pi [Sicooedpoccofall[O} fejocco ooo RISO) ji }oocog coco Fal {O) fs cooorocco ba AES) (Ol) © GZ OlG2s Sess ©) [tesc0fcc0 al {O) fs§caoc Rocco lO} RE (OjSE sO] 404 English table-tray HE tray is no longer merely an incidental accessory in the household, but has again ascended its pedestal of utility and once more has come to occupy the same com- mendable niche that it did in the estimation of our forefathers, before the ‘‘Victorian” period discouraged good taste with a surfeit of ugly servers. Indeed, there has come to be a lively interest in the old- fashioned models of Colonial and earlier trays, and the patterns of these earlier specimens are being copied by modern tray designers with unusual success. Such trays form a welcome adjunct to things of service in our houses to-day. Among the many patterns of trays now to be had are those imitating or following the lines of the old English mufhin servers. ‘They are suggested by the old Colonial dumbwaiters, and stand about three feet high, being small enough to be passed easily. Various viands are placed on the shelves. Since everything is passed at one time, these novel- ties are very convenient, and they are in high favor for use in afternoon teas. Just now there is a fashion for having them made of wood to match bedroom furniture. When my lady of leisure has her meals in her boudoir, they may be brought to her on the server. Muffin servers are chic, whether used in the boudoir, dining- room, parlor or on the veranda. They are inexpensive enough to fit the average purse. Wicker ones may be had as low as three dollars, and those of mahogany range from seven dol- lars up. There are several styles in these servers, some of them being of basket shape. Another idea in trays also comes to us from our English cousins. It takes the form of a teawagon— rather a curious name for a waiter. However, it really is a tray on wheels. It serves the use also of a teatable. In the summer season, teawagons are in especial demand. They are particularly appropriate for veranda teas and garden parties. They sim- plify serving refreshments on the lawn, and with the aid of one of them an entire supper may easily be taken out under the trees. They are inex- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Wicker-framed porch-tray Trays Worth Having Something About the Different Sorts of Trays and Their Cost, and the Various Uses to Which They May be Put By Lydia Le Baron Westcott The Lazy Susan English muffin-tray pensive enough to be generally adopted. A very good one costs eleven dollars. It is capable of being fitted up most tempt- ingly. Utility is the striking characteristic of still another salver, known as a revolving tray, or “Lazy Susan.” Such a waiter recalls the revolving table in use years ago. These dining tables had stationary rims wide enough for service plates and accessories. The center revolved. Sometimes our enterprising forbears had this portion of the table run by water-power. Helping one’s self was an easy matter then. All one had to do was to turn the table—a most un- ceremonious proceeding. In these modern times of exacting formalities this idea is being resorted to, especially for breakfast and téte-a-téte luncheons. The waitress may be dispensed with, which makes the meal more easy. While these ‘Lazy Susans” are enjoying a revival, they are not a fad. They always have a certain conservative de- mand. ‘Their convenience deserves to make them popular. Such salvers, twenty inches in diameter and eight inches high, may be had for twelve dollars. They make excellent wedding gifts, and are ideal for wooden wedding presents. There is also the small two-tiered tray, one of the latest contrivances. It is a compromise between an English muffin server and a “Lazy Susan,” and is intended for use at afternoon teas as well as on the dining table. One must also take into account the interesting Oriental trays of Per- sia, India, China and Japan. Japa- nese trays are, perhaps, the most pop- ular sort we have, and are things of great beauty. The Chinese trays are more curious and more “‘vigorous”’ in color and pattern, lacking the softer hues and more restrained design that mark the Japanese tray apart from all others; however, they are not the less interesting. The Chinese curry tray is one of the most typical examples of the Chi- nese taste. It is composed of a num- ber of separate sections of porcelain, little dishes all fitting together like a puzzle. A set of these, forming the curry holders, is set on a tray made to” fit it. One form of server—a western idea utilizing eastern materials—is made of Chinese embroidery covered with clear plate glass and framed in November, 1911 mahogany. It is like a handsome picture wrought with the needle instead of with the brush. The colors of servers of this sort are rich and brilliant. The whole thing smacks so de- cidedly of the Orient that it carries one in imagina- tion to the Celestial empire. There such a tray is placed in the midst of the circle of diners. Each dish is filled with savory curried rice. Everyone helps him- self. This is sociable and : friendly. Moreover, it conveys the desired impression of all supping from one dish. Sometimes a servant passes the tray. This is customary at the close of even elaborate and formal banquets. It is as if the host deprecatingly said, ““My frugal meal may have been unsatisfactory. Lest you depart hungry, without proper nourishment, take a portion of rice, I beseech you.” It is needless to say that the satiated guests are equal to the emergency. ‘They promptly refuse to partake, thus assuring their host that his fears are unwarranted. In this country, while curried rice is a favorite dish with many people, the tray is not con- fined to the original purpose. It is used also to serve bonbons, com- potes, salted nuts, salads, entrees, etc. Portions are arranged in the dishes, which are then fitted on the salver. An entire course may be made ready in advance. House- wives will readily appreciate the latent possibilities that lurk in such trays. When hand embroideries are used in the salver, the sets cost $17.50. If an ornate Chinese fab- ric is employed, the price is only about five dollars. Trays of Chi- nese embroidery may be had in nearly every city, and they are to be seen in all shapes and sizes, from round to oblong, and even triangular. The needlework on trays of this sort is usually from the embroidered mandarin coats or from skirts such as are worn by Chinese women of the upper classes. Therefore, the quality of the needlework will dictate the price of the tray it has been se- lected to be part of. These waiters may be made at home at smaller cost. Embroid- ered motifs from garments come in the form of mats. Good sized round ones cost about $1.50, and are ready to be adjusted under the glass of a tray, which may be bought for the purpose, made to order or adapted from an old picture frame. Not only are Chinese embroideries used under the glass, but also fabrics such as bro- cades and cretonnes or em- broidered linens and filmy, VE B= Ne JEP? Ep AMERICAN HOMES AND A Chinese curry tray of porcelain, and server Chinese embroideries may be inserted in serving-trays GARDENS 405 real lace doilies. An inter- esting example of a home- made tray of this sort con- sisted of natural finished wood, the corners of which were braced with decor- ative pieces of copper, while denim was used for the background. In the center was a design encir- cling an initial. Both were worked in yellow silk. Such initial or monogram trays are becoming popular for their ele gant simplicity. The rims of the monogram trays may be of silver, wood or wicker, the last being especially appropriate for summer and porch use. Wicker trays are also to be found employing cretonne for the fabric background. Such trays in the shops cost about five dollars for the large sizes. Flat trays also come now in ornamental pottery with brass or nickel rims. They are pretty, serviceable and inexpensive. Besides being used for serving, these waiters are again in style for old-fashioned teatrays. At breakfast and often at luncheon they are fitted with tea or coffee services, cups and saucers and placed on the table before the housewife. After the bey- erage has been poured, the tray is removed. One must not neglect some men- tion of the very interesting Orien- tal trays in brass and bronze which are imported from Persia, Turkey, Egypt, India, Ceylon, and other parts of the Orient. The great round trays from Benares are too heavy to be carried, and therefore are seldom used as servers. How- ever, they are especially appro- priate for the tea service when other brass articles—the samovar, etc.— are accessory to the service. These trays may also be used set upon low-standing legs, after the manner of tabourets. Such tabouret trays may quickly be lifted and the supporting stand con- structed so it will fold easily to be placed out of the way when not in use. It often happens that one de- sires to place an attractive tray under a kerosene lamp. For such uses nothing could be more appro- priate than one of the Benares trays enameled in green or red. From the score of trays deserv- ing special mention, these few ex- amples have been described as serving to suggest the interest of the subject. While utility is the fundamental idea that should be considered in se- lecting trays, their decora- tive features are also im- portant. The salvers one may obtain to-day combine both elements in a marked degree, and good trays carefully selected will grace any dining-room, whether they are always in use or not. ate ale ake rar Kc bo Meo ws ‘6. o°2s % gh ES Fig. |—The lean-to greenhouse AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 2—The even-span greenhouse November, 1911 ame 7 cn, am mee 3—Three quarter-span greenhouse Fig. Building a Small Greenhouse Practical Instructions and Plans for Erecting Greenhouses of Moderate Size for Small Country Places and Estates By Philip S. Sweetser T IS doubtful if there exists a more inter- esting or more enjoyable occupation, or one that gives more complete satisfaction in its success, than that of growing plants and flowers under glass. The amateur, how- ever, often hesitates to take up such an oc- cupation on account of the expense involved in the con- struction of a greenhouse. If the work is done by a contractor or a professional greenhouse builder, it is true that glass house construction is more or less expensive. But since the cost of labor is one of the largest items entering into the total cost of such a house, the amateur who can do his own construction work will find that a greenhouse is by no means an “expensive luxury.” The task of constructing a greenhouse is not a difficult one, but it does require some knowledge of greenhouse de- sign and construction. A house in which plants and flowers can be successfully grown at a minimum cost should be so constructed that the framework will cast the least possible amount of shadow; that the area under the glass can be utilized to the best advantage; that it can be properly heated; and that it can be properly ventilated. The amateur with a little mechanical ability can easily construct such a house, however, if he can obtain the necessary in- formation and data. At the present time literature on the subject is very meager. What little exists is somewhat out of date and not at all comprehensive. In order to obtain information and data it is necessary to make an investigation of the subject by visiting greenhouses and by consulting florists and experienced greenhouse carpenters; which task con- sumes a large amount of time and requires more or less skill in judging the relative merits of the various types of construction, the various methods of framing and the Fig. 4—Corner framing Fig. 5—Corner framing various opinions of the florists and greenhouse carpenters. It is therefore the purpose of this article to give, in as concise a manner as possible, such information and data as are necessary in order to enable the amateur to properly design and construct a greenhouse. ‘The article is the result not only of an investigation made by the writer, but also of his experience in recently constructing a house for his own use. The details of construction discussed apply to an all-wood structure and in general to the small green- house built for private use. ‘The suggestions, however, apply equally well to the large house built for profitable operation, for the dimensions of the framing timbers given and the methods of framing described are exactly the same as those used on a number of the best houses operated by successful florists. A discussion of the purlines, or sup- ports for the roof sash bars, which are necessary on wide roof spans, is the only detail which has been omitted. The construction of a greenhouse involves a considera- tion of types of houses—location, foundation, framework, glass, benches, and heating system. TYPES OF HOUSES There are three general types of greenhouses, namely, the lean-to, the even-span, and the three quarter-span house. There are other types, such as side-hill, ridge and furrow, and curvilinear houses, but these are simply modifications or combinations of the three general types. The details of construction are practically the same in all three types. They differ only in the form of construction. THE LEAN-TO The simplest type is the lean-to, an example of which is shown in Figure 1. From the nature of its construction this type of house can be built at a comparatively low cost. As its name indicates, it is built against some structure and therefore requires but three sides and a one-slope roof. It is usually a small house and when heated is generally con- RTD November, 1911 Fig. 7—Dimensions of bars nected with the heating apparatus in the building to which it is attached. It should, when possible, face the south and, due to its peculiar construction, receives no reflected light whatever from the north. The plants grown in this type of house are, therefore, inclined to be more or less one-sided in their habit of growth. The lean-to is used for forcing various kinds of vegetables and for raising such cool crops as lettuce, violets, etc. THE EVEN-SPAN HOUSE The even-span house is the type most commonly used by florists. It can be built at a cost of $8.00 to $25.00 per running foot, depending on its width and the amount of labor figured in. As shown in Figure 2, it is a perfectly symmetrical house, the ridge being in the center of the roof span, the roof slopes being the same, and the sides being of the same height. It is an all- glass house and is constructed of widths varying from 8 to 42 feet. The width of the average commercial house is about 24 feet. This type of house usually faces the south—that is, its ridge runs east and west. Some florists consider that the light is more evenly distributed around the plants if the house faces the east, but the majority, however, prefer the southern exposure, for in this case, during the winter months, when the sun falls to- ward the southern horizon, the shade cast by the ridge and corners of the house is to a large extent eliminated. With either exposure the plants receive light from all directions, and this is, therefore, one of the types best adapted for general greenhouse work. The even-span house is used extensively for growing carnations, roses, violets, chrysanthemums, potted plants, and in fact all kinds of flowers and vegetables. THE THREE QUARTER-SPAN HOUSE The three quarter-span house, two thirds, or uneven-span, as it is sometimes called, is shown in Figure 3. ‘This type of house costs about the same as the even-span. It is de- signed for a more even distribution of light over the benches than it is possible to secure with the even-span and it differs from it in the construction.of the roof and the north wall, and frequently in the arrangement of the benches. The ridge, instead of being placed in the center of the roof span, as in the even-span house, is placed near enough to the north wall so that its shadow does not fall on the benches. The north wall is constructed two or three feet higher, in this type, than the south wall and is gen- erally built of wood or concrete up to within one or two feet of the eaves. The benches, in order to receive the maximum amount of light, are then arranged in tiers. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Fig. 8—Framework of timbers Fig. 10—Framing method 407 Vertical Sash Bar — ee Fig. 9—Details of framing This type of house, of course, must face the south, and, due to the fact that the plants receive the maximum amount of light evenly distributed, a structure of this sort is often spoken of as a “forcing house.” The two thirds-span house is especially adapted to the growing of roses, and is used most frequently for that purpose. It is, however, an excellent house for all kinds of plants and flowers such as the amateur usually begins with. SELECTION OF TYPE The individual requirements in each case will, of course, determine which of these three types should be selected. Unless extreme low cost is the prime consideration, the amateur should sel- dom select the lean-to, for the results obtained with the other types will more than justify their greater cost. Between the even-span and the two thirds-span house it is often difficult to choose. Due to the better distribu- tion of light in the latter, somewhat better results can be obtained than in the even-span, although the difference is slight. Since the even-span house is symmetrical, how- ever, the amount of labor involved in its construction is undoubtedly less than in the three quarter-span house. In selecting the type which he shall use, the amateur should take into consideration (1) the kinds of plants that are to be grown in the house, (2) the cost of the house, and (3) the amount of labor involved in its construction. LOCATION The house should be located on ground which is well drained and far enough from trees or buildings so that no shadows will be cast upon it. If it is located on low ground which receives the drainage from the surroundings, it will tee pct Soke ss — te, S 4 MELE -be continually damp, and the plants will be liable to have diseases. If possible, it should be so located that it will be more or less protected from the north and west winds. FOUNDATION. The foundation should be made of concrete. The prop- erties of concrete are so well known that it is hardly neces- sary to state why this is the most satisfactory and in the end the cheapest foundation. It should be at least six inches wide and, depending on the kind of soil in which it is located, from twelve to thirty inches deep. A good concrete will be obtained by mixing one part cement with two parts sand and given parts of gravel or broken stone. After the mixture is saturated with water, it should be placed in forms, built of seven eighths inch or one-inch boards, rammed, and allowed to set at least 24 hours. Square-headed bolts, six or eight inches long, should be embedded about six feet apart in the concrete 408 before it has set, for the purpose of holding the sills firmly in place, as shown in Figure 8. After the concrete has set and the sills have been put in place the foundation may then be capped with a thin mixture of cement mortar, made of one part cement and two parts sand. ‘The cost of materials varies from $2.50 to $4.00 per cubic yard of concrete, de- pending on the kind and prices of the ingredients used. A cubic yard of concrete made of the proportions given above will contain 1.29 barrels of cement, 0.45 cubic yards of sand and o.g1 cubic yards of gravel or broken stone. By obtaining the local price of cement, sand and gravel, the cost of the foundation can easily be estimated. FRAMEWORK The framework, as shown in Figure 8, is simply a skele- ton composed of timbers called sills, posts, vertical sash bars, eave-plates, roof sash bars, rafters and ridge. These timbers should be made of cypress, for, on account of its straight grain, strength and durability, this has been found to be the wood best adapted for greenhouse construction. They should be made of such shapes and sizes and put together in such a manner that they will properly hold the the glass, support their required weights and yet cast the least possible amount of shade. Figure 7 shows the proper ai ae Rate | RR AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 a method entails more work and the header, if very long, is invariably apt to sag and to prove unsatisfactory. GLASS The glass used should be ‘‘double thick” and of the sec- ond or third quality. ‘Third quality glass, which contains a few more imperfections than second quality, costs a little less and is frequently very satisfactory. The panes may be 16x20 inches or 20x24 inches, for these have been found to be the economical sizes, and they should be set so that the sash bars are spaced 16% inches on centers. The cost of this size glass at the present time is $2.28 per box (of 23 panes) for third quality and $2.50 for second quality. BENCHES. The construction of the benches is comparatively simple. They should be at least two feet in height and from two to’ five feet in width, depending on where and how they are located. The supports should be made of 2x3 inch or 2x4 inch timber, and the bench proper of % or 1-inch boards. They should be deep enough to contain five inches of earth. The arrangement of the benches should be such that the plants will at all times be readily accessible. Benches which are placed next to the sides of the house should not be over 3 feet 3 inches wide. When there is a walk on each side } ANS ¥, oe vey wel y y, pie ¥ w Ss | A / —~S. ey eS paiiati eno An even-span greenhouse may be attractively arranged as an extension to a country dwelling even of moderate proportions shapes and minimum dimensions (A, roof sash bar; B, vertical sash bar. Cy eave plate: Dycridoe: Ey cend waiter, F, sill), which have been determined by greenhouse car- penters after years of experience, and Figures 4, 5, 6, and g show the best methods of framing. No further comment is necessary on the shape and dimen- sions, but some of the methods of framing shown require a little explanation. The method of framing the eaves is shown in Figure £0 and in detail at B, Figure 9. The sash bars simply rest on the wide face of the eave plate and the space between the eave plate and the glass is filled in with a piece of seven eighths inch board as shown at A, and in the photograph. Two methods of framing at the corner posts are shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows the corner of a house about 24 feet wide, the post being 4 inches square, reinforced by two pieces of timber 2 inches square. The photograph, Figure 5, shows the corner of a small house about 10 feet wide, where the corner post consists simply of two pieces of 2x4 inch timber, one of them supporting the end rafter and the other the eave plate. The method of framing at the ventilator opening is in- dicated in Figure 6. The header is simply a piece of seven eighths inch board two or three inches wide, notched to fit over the sash bars (which also are notched) and rabbeted to receive the glass. Some carpenters prefer to put in a heavy header and end the sash bars at the header, but such they may be as wide as 5 feet. ‘The walks should be at least 18 inches in width. Many florists prefer not to place any benches next to the sides of the house, claiming that the plants are more liable to have diseases and more apt to be affected by outside temperature on cold nights. Space can be economized in the small house and very satisfactory results can be ob- tained if the benches are, however, so arranged. HEATING SYSTEM. Although it costs about 20 per cent. more to install, the hot-water system should be used for heating the house in preference to the steam-heating system, for two reasons: First, because, particularly in the small house, it is more- economical to operate, and, second, because, on account of the lower temperature of the heat radiated and the greater amount of radiation required, it produces a milder and more uniform heat. The size and arrangement of the pipes and the amount of radiating surface required for the heating system are matters which the amateur should look into before installing his apparatus; but, as they require considerable study and as the installation of the apparatus is difficult work and re- quires special tools, skill and experience, he will do well to employ a plumber or heating engineer, who will figure the amount of radiation and install the system properly. The extra expense of help from the experts just mentioned will be somewhat offset in the non-purchase of the special tools, November, 1911 The St. Bernard will always remain a great favorite sq)| HE country home can hardly be said to be ‘4|| complete without a dog around the place, but one must not make the mistake of thinking that any sort of a dog will do, for an animal should fit his surroundings just as every- thing else should, and it is not an absurdity to say that many a country place has had an ill-chosen dog that no more belonged to it than an Empire dressing table belongs to a Louis Quinze drawing-room. In the choice of a dog for filling the various needs and requirements of the country home, one has before him what might at first appear to be a somewhat difficult problem, as there are fully fifty established and recognized breeds to-day, varying in size from the noble St. Bernard to the diminutive and friv- olous Chihuahua. One’s choice should be governed more or less by the size of the premises of the country home. Any of the smaller varieties of dogs can be kept in the house, but the large dogs must have romping space and ample freedom or they cannot be kept in condition. On a country place where the owner possesses horses, no matter how well equipped stable, stalls, loose boxes, coach houses, and stable yard may be, there is lacking the “‘finishing touch”’ if one does not find there the old-time Coach dog, the black and white Dalmatian. His natural place is in the stable yard, his favorite home is among the horses, and his greatest pleasure is in following between the rear wheels of the carriage. He is equipped for this by generations of train- ing, being deep of chest, sound of lungs, sturdy-legged, and The parti-color Cocker Spaniel is one of the smallest field dogs AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 409 Choosing a Dog for the Country Home By T. C. Turner Photographs by the Author like his tribesman, the Pointer, is burdened with so little fur that the mud or dust give him no trouble. What could be more fitting to the setting of a half- timbered house, or a house of the Elizabethan type than one of the picturesque breeds of the Bloodhound? He fits into his surroundings aesthetically as surely as heavy panel- ing fits into a dining- room of the period. Again, one always associates with the thought of terraces around acountry house the lithe form of the Greyhound of the Borzio, or of the Deerhound. They lend just that note of color which adds to i es the harmony of the The Dalmatian Breed, Coach Dog prospect. It is well to impress one thing upon the prospective owner, that 1s, whatever variety of dog he sets his mind upon, let it be a well-bred specimen, not necessarily a dog fit for the show bench, but one whose ancestors can be traced as having been well bred. A good dog costs no more to keep, or pay license for, than a half-bred nondescript. For the outdoor dog of a large or moderately large country place, the St. Bernard, the Mastiff, or the Great Dane would be a happy choice, as these dogs are all power- ful, alert, and excellent as watchers. When they scent in- vaders the whole neighborhood is warned that something unusual is happening. ‘They seem, almost, to sleep with one eye open and with ear to the ground. A general char- acteristic of the well-bred St. Bernard is that of gentleness The Beagle is one of the most useful all-around dogs for its size The Great Dane, a noble appearing hound to his friends. He makes a good companion for children, is faithful, majestic, and handsome, but his handsome ap- pearance is not all outside show, nor does not make him the less formidable to mischief-makers as occasion arises for his alertness. ‘The Mastiff, although not as popular in these days as he should be, is a dog built for war, a dog that is courageous, powerful, a bad enemy, but, contrary to general appearance, a good friend. Of the trio the Great Dane is the writer’s choice, for added to the good qualities one finds in the other two dogs, the Great Dane has in his make-up the valued attribute of great activity. For a heavy dog he certainly excels in this virtue, and in the chase he can give his two brother watchdogs a long start and then bring down his quarry with equal skill. Next in gradation among the large dogs for outside comes the Collie. More beautiful in real life than any artist has yet been able to paint him, he is, in addition to this as alert on watch around the house as instinct and gen- erations of training have made him among the sheepfolds. Nothing escapes his notice, or his attention where it is needed. His tribesman, the old English Sheep Dog, is his equal in these qualities, with the exception of that of speed, and for some surroundings nothing could be more pleasing to the eye than this shaggy looking gray bear of the canine race. The Pointer and the Setter are both equally good out- side watchdogs, in addition to which they have other uses; The English Setter has long been a favorite dog for the country AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, toit The Borzio, also known as the Russian Wolfhound for where the owner of the house is fond of a day with the gun he has at hand one of the most necessary adjuncts to his pleasure, a real field dog, with centuries of gun in- stinct behind him. Of the medium-sized dogs, such as would be well suited for the porch or indoors, the writer’s choice would be an Airedale. Here is a dog of great energy. He is not large, yet nothing appears to him to be too large to tackle. He possesses the tenacity of the Bulldog, the fierceness of the Bull Terrier, and the activity of the Fox Terrier. Gentle among children, a fine companion, a friend of his master’s friend, when he is convinced that all is well, he is, never- theless, always ready to fight ‘‘at the drop of a hat,” and fight to a finish when necessary—that is his instinct. He is hardy and better equipped for rough climatic conditions than most of the breeds. For those who would look for an indoor dog of fair weight and strength, the English white Bull Terrier will fill all requirements. He, too, is gentle enough among his own folk, but he looks a fighter and is, every ounce of him. The uninvited visitor around the house will do well to steer clear of him, or he will carry away unpleasant memories. The Irish Terrier and the Fox Terrier are too welll known for their various good qualities as companion and house dogs to need extended description. To these one may well add the Scotch Terrier and the Welsh Terrier, The Greyhound will always remain the most picturesque of dogs November, I9II AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 411 The old-time English bobtail Sheep Dog although they are not quite as widely known. However, they possess equal merit. As one goes down the scale he must not forget that vivacious little fellow, the Boston Terrier. He is full of energy, full of fun, always alert, and always “‘game.” Yet he is not so much occupied with amusement but that he can be very attentive to serious business as a house dog, when occasion arises. His very activity makes him useful, and he is a fine type of a clean, smooth-coated dog suited to indoors. There is yet another dog of medium weight that must not be overlooked. He is what one might call a general utility dog for the house—the Cocker Spaniel. He is a favorite among women-folk and the pet among children, for they seem to be his special friends. He is a good watch- dog, and one of the best little all-round sporting dogs. Beyond all these good qualities he takes up so little room that he can be kept in even a small house without ever being inthe way. He and the Beagle (especially the smaller Beagles), are two of the most useful dogs imaginable where area is limited and something approaching the “toy dog”’ variety is desired. As for the “toy dogs,” their list may be headed (so far as the choice of a watchdog goes) by the sprightly little Pomeranian. His shrill bark can be heard the house over, from cellar to garret, and nothing but the appearance of his owner can stop him. His five pounds are made up of pluck, noise and agility, for he is A rough-coated favorite, the Scotch Collie quick as a flash in all his actions, and tireless in zeal. When one starts out to find a good dog for the country house he must remember that there are allowances that will have to be made under new ownership until the new dog becomes used to his new master and his new sur- roundings. In buying a grown dog one must remember that it will be some time before you get the same satisfac- tion out of him that you would have had if you had raised him yourself from a puppy. You must learn to know him, and he must learn to know you. His early love has gone out to his first owner, and dogs are very like those human beings who do not forget early attachments. The grown Nero will know it was not you who cared for him in those early days of his various canine troubles, who helped him along through his sicknesses, brought dog dainties to him when he was too weak to stand up and wag his tail in thankful response; it was not you who were patient with him in his convalescence, when he was not strong or clever enough to do always the right thing at the right time. You have got him full-fledged with his ideas set. They can be remodeled to a certain extent by care and patience, but the greatest impressions are made in the early training, for you then have your dog doing the thing you wish him to do, and in the way you want it done, and you have trained him into the habit of loyal obedience. ‘To be successful with dogs, as with all animals, one must possess patience and firmness to a great degree, as well as a love for animals. Of the medium-sized dogs, the Bull Terrier is one of the favorites The Airedale, a breed of terrier, is an excellent country-house watchdog 412 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 cocoocco ff} 0000450000 SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE WITHING THE PoOws=: from subscribers pertaining to The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired. ome Decoration. Stamps SOME FURNISHING PROBLEMS By Mabel Tuke Priestman ane one of an readers of this eee ment, who requests suggestions, which are here given as being of interest to readers in general. It is of immense importance to have a cheerful dining-room. A gloomy, forbidding room will have a depressing effect even after one has grown accustomed to it. Few things make such a difference as a successful window treatment. Dainty frilled white sash curtains, linen taffetas or chintz all do their part to make a cheerful looking room. If the curtains are to give the decorative note, it would be well to have the walls plain or covered with a striped paper. ‘These striped papers come in soft shaded effects, so a light tone could be chosen to give a light effect to your dining-room and yet will harmon- ize with the color scheme of the curtains and rugs. If the Dainty curtains do much toward making a living-room cheerful house has not been wisely planned and the dining-room has a north aspect, or has not enough windows, such defects may be mitigated by striving to give it a cheerful feeling by a strong, vigorous treatment—a stunning frieze above as pale a wall surface as the frieze can stand, or a yellow paper with an ivory-white ceiling with white woodwork will bring sunshine out of gloom. A striking paper, if of excellent design, may be used, and plain curtains; but as the room will then depend on its wall-paper for all its decorative value a good design must be selected and in suitable color- ing to offset a dark room. When it is possible, it is most important that a good deal of attention is given to having good structural features, such as window seats, built-in closets and even built-in sideboards, for all these help to make a room individual in character. The low, wide win- dow seat, with a wide window or two, if practical, are im- portant factors in helping to make a pleasing dining-room. The plate-rail, if there is anything worth while to put on it and if it is not allowed to be the dumphill for the rest of the house, may be an opportunity for a glowing amount of color and good decoration. A round table makes for friend- liness and congeniality, and cannot be too highly recom- mended on this account. A center light should always be used in a dining-room and hung low over the dining-room table. For extra occasions candles and shades give a deco- rative value to the appearance of the table that is very charming and homelike. Of course, there must be a center dish of growing flowers or ferns. AN ATTIC BEDROOM UGGESTIONS for making an attic bedroom for the young daughter of the family attractive have been asked for by one of our readers. As the room is large and well proportioned, there is no reason why an attic bedroom should not be made as beautiful as one on the second floor. The wall would be pretty and serve as a background for photographs of school friends if covered with a soft shade of green felt paper. A good quality of felt or fibre must be chosen, as the color fades in a cheap quality in a green with any depth of tone. Above this a frieze could be run if the walls do not slope, and choose a frieze that is beauti- ful—an old English garden effect; there are plenty of good ones to select from on the market. If there are casement windows, they may be filled with leaded glass diamond panes; beneath them a window seat, and have a hinged lid, so that it will be a convenient place for shoes to be kept out of the dust. If there are a pair of windows so much the better; the other seat may be deeper, for stowing away papers and magazines. If there is a space between the two windows, this may be filled with bookshelves and desk combined. Copper hinges and escutcheons, made at home from sheets of brass, may be used effectively on the small green-stained doors or slanting front of the desk, whichever the shape calls for. A wicker chair might be stained green November, rg11 so as to have another piece of furniture in this color. The chair for sitting at the desk should also be green, unless a wicker stool is preferred, the advantage of the stool being that it can be pushed underneath the desk when not in use. A decorative chintz to go with the frieze can be used on a threefold screen. It would be useful in screening the bed or washstand from the rest of the room that is to be used as a sitting-room. A small cushion should be covered for the stool or the seat of the chairs in the room. The wicker chair should have cushions covered with the same chintz or cretonne, if that material is preferred. The windows could have one pair of curtains and a vallence of the same. The effect of two windows curtained as one is sometimes very quaint, but the shape and size of the room would determine that. The one pair would leave more space for the desk and enable there being enough room to have the closet for stationery built above the writing part. The bedspread would be best white, as there would be enough color in the room without having a decorated quilt. Dainty hand-made rugs on a stained floor or over matting would be in good taste. SHADES FOR TABLE LIGHTS READER asks advice about the best shades to use on oil lamps and candles for the dining-room table. The first consideration when choosing shades for dining-room tables is the color. It must be soft, so that it is not aggres- sive when unlighted on the mantelpiece or sideboard. It must be tender in tone, so as to shed a soft haze on the faces of those who sit around the board. It must harmonize with the decoration of the room. Some of the most be- coming shades are made of China silk of very good quality, in the four shades that are best for use in dining-rooms— ivory-white, corn-color, red, and green. When made by experts it will be noticed that in addition to the top color there is an intermediate silk lining of another color. A corn-colored silk shade will have a lining of corn-colored silk, over this an interlining of bright pink China silk, which, when concealed by the top silk of corn-color stretched tightly over the linings or soft-pleated, will look charm- ingly soft and dainty. When lighted a tender haze of pink- ish tone will be suffused. The effect is further enhanced by a heavy silken fringe or passementerie fringe. Sometimes a golden lace is chosen with the corn-color scheme to go beneath a light fringe of silk. There is also a wide choice in the selection of shapes. Empire, with its almost straight sides, the wide flare which means shorter silk covers and a greater depth of fringe, and the usual angle is after all the most satisfactory shape to have the shades. It is most harmonious to have the lamp shade match the candle whenever possible. When visiting in a country house in England the writer was impressed by the charming color AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS There are many sorts of shades for table candles, and these are to be had in the shops of nearly every town. 413 Beer J "gs Cy hel éi Ww \ ~ wit ee % 3 a8 . ae} Vallenced window curtains of chintz for an attic bedroom scheme of flowers, candle shades and table center. If red candle shades were used a large piece of red felt was laid over the white tablecloth, extending to about eighteen inches from the edges of the table. An immense silver piece was filled with flowers and there were many silver dishes of candy, also two dishes of fruit on either side of the flower bowl. The red set off the silver and made a charming mass of red with the candle shades. For use in the simple dining-room there are effective shades to be found in cretonne, glazed chintz, and gingham, the last having small pattern blocks in red and white, yellow and white, and green and white. They are de- cidedly quaint, but could only be used for seashore or bunga- low cottages. There are the usual fancy shades of painted cardboard, stenciled effects and pierced copper, as well as a good variety of French shades, but a visit to the shops that carry such things must be taken to see the ‘newest designs. Well-chosen designs enhance beautiful table effects 414 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 A fanciful group, whose figures form the beehives Bees are hived in the howdah on this elephant A Curious Bee-Garden Wherein the Owner Has Carried Out an Idea Unique in Bee-Culture By George A. Avery F ‘THOSE who have heard the saying “‘bees in his head’? could know the origin of the accompanying pictures, a new phrase, “‘bees in his heart,’ might be put in circulation. Kindness certainly directs the motif carried out by the tender hands of the bee-master, a simple German teacher who may be seen sitting at the side of a lion, and who in the task of domiciliation of his colonies, wrought what he thought, when they were made comfortable and safe, would be an ornament to the neigh- borhood. The forms and exterior features are wholly to his own taste, as the inner details are to the taste of the bees, so what does he care. The designer is seen to be decidedly prone to putting into shape something taken from widely divergent lands, and to a degree far in excess of even the Teutonic leaning toward the ornate. From the Indies he uses the caparisoned elephant mounted by a bee- hive of houdah pattern; from Nubia the desert lion; from sacred lands insects coming out of the bodies of human beings; from fairyland he shows the idea of a dwarf with bees issuing from the nostrils; while from the land of the familiar, the proclivity of the bear for honey. The last stands like a sentinel at one end of the garden, which boasts a collection of huts of Hottentot simplicity, facing a mina- retted and columned palace of the Orient. The dwarf stands in the entrance-way of his bastioned stronghold. The elaborate ornamental biblical scene, flanked by hangings * of modern burlap, depicts the dove of peace hovering; and under it a group of bible characters reclining at ease within the portal of an edifice, where the opening and the interior court are unstintingly overrun with floral decorations and pastoral scenes from the Holy Land. Holland contributes its windmill, and there are numerous maisonettes of a sort of Swiss chalet effect. Baywindows project, roofs slant, peaks are ornamented with finials, lace curtains hang at windows, a thicket separates the largest animals, and across the garden lie several cultivated plots of ground separated from one another and from the rows of bee-holders by broad and level paths, all just like a compact and miniature village. A quaint illustration is that of a frame holding a square of tapestry on which is pictured some dream from the fabled past, woven about a tablet and in which appear archaic German verses on the art of gathering honey. Before entering the enclosure one reads the sign “Bienen Garten” over a doorway whose Grecian pretension does not prevent the obtrusion of some crude lattice work. When one has passed the entrance he may look in vain for the oldest form of beehive, made familiar in primers and on the covers of savings-bank books, and those of normal modern types, for the constructor never swerved from his purpose of making his beehives completely original in every way. Yet even after these specimens of the bee-master’s ambitious work, it is not one’s fault that a general view of the garden looked at over the fence appears something like The dwarf is the hive, and the bees issue from his nostrils This fierce-visaged lion shelters a swarm of honey-makers November, 1911 A peep over the fence of this curious bee-garden discloses a multitude the animal cemetery, both plain-slabbed and monumental, which now may be seen in Paris, on a rather large scale. On the whole the garden is cryingly at odds with good taste; a fusion of architecture, uphol- stery and zoology that is so extrava- gant as not to be excused on account of utility. The chief function of the pro- cess of handling bees is the accessi- bility of the hives to the bee-handler, which is here often a matter of labo- rious climbings and windings to go the BO Und s of ‘care- taking. Ministering to the needs of a bee community does not call for a gar- den out of artistic Door to the curious bee-garden focus. associated with fitness and the forms chosen here are not AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of fantastic hives beehives The houses in miniature hiving the bees at the end of the garden are of every style of architecture Beauty of design should be teresting. oe B Vila Mantels fried wndieahlih san, “ih caae B38 Konig mic dirs Gagelrin! i ecrinnige Duand f Dak Pientelic yn vue Pvlewbenditer, OF Drum willat Ba viel Beleonen arate, i £ fost Beng nei cica Dok eri! A poetic panel praising bees 415 One might think this a gentle menagerie instead of a collection of germain to the bee-garden and are plainly whimsical. But the designer has cared for his busy pets with mechanical exactness and every part is perfect, so far as the bees se- cure protection and have the means of producing honey. The teacher’s fond- ness for his bees makes one think of him as in sympathy with all the world except those who might neglect or otherwise maltreat these tiny producers of surpassing nec- tar. His family par- takes of his zeal: the wife, the girl and the tots- are hand - in - hand with one another in making the garden fascinating and in- They help the darting bees give life to much that is passive in the mingled characteristics of the place. iil Turning the tables on the bear 416 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Around the Garden THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER IN THE GARDEN woq||HIS is the month when Nature, the dear old ld|| nurse, sings hercradle-song to all the growing things of outdoors, as they snuggle down in the coverings Jack Frost will pull over them at the approach of their long winter’s sleep. This, too, is a time when one looks forth from window and doorway, out on the gray tree trunks, some of them still clinging to their orange and golden brown foliage, or, farther north, find themselves bereft of the last trace of summery vesture, standing out against the blue fall skies in silhouette, like lacework of intricate pattern. Little gusts of keen winds that whisper of winter’s coming will blow the careless leaves that have fallen to the ground hither and thither, and we shall find ourselves sighing that the lovely days wherein the Goddess Flora and her merry train made earth a paradise of growing, blossom- ing things for us to feast our eyes upon, unheeding though we were, are gone. And yet there is something in the keen bracing air that keeps us from deserting our gardens. We shall find our- selves walking in and out among its paths, tenderly regret- There is no lovelier tree upon the fall and winter landscape than the birch, which lends cheer to the bleak things of the late season around A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA- TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND GROUNDS All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith. November, 1911 ful that the broken things of yesterday which proudly lifted their countless stems of clustered flowers to the sun have fallen to the earth. We shall still find plenty of garden work for idle hands if they itch to be doing things. There will be the final planting of bulbs for the spring garden, the lovely Hyacinths, and perhaps other belated species; at least we will try to atone for our procrastination if we have not been sufficiently mindful of fleeting time, and we shall hasten to put within the earth the things of next sea- son’s garden that should be there by now, ere the earth freezes deeply. Over there, perhaps, we shall find the evergreen leaves of our Rhododendrons bright upon the landscape, and we shall fall to wondering how they will survive the storms of winter. We shall go into our woodlots and cut hemlock boughs to strew over these shrubs and when spring again © awakens all sleeping garden things we can hope to find that our Rhododendrons have not suffered, that the care we have chosen to take of them will have brought to them their vigorous growth. Nor must we forget that little patch of strawberries yonder, that gave us such delight, and the very excellent fruit we proudly shared with our neighbors (not, also, so much from the charity within our hearts as from a sense of the perfection of the things we could raise and our pride in them which our vanity has wished our neighbors to witness). Never mind, it may be that this has been the very first garden we have ever had and we may find our- selves thankful that old John, who helped us with it, hap- pened to tell us long ago to look out for November days and to see that our berry patch—a heritage from our garden’s former owner—must be properly mulched this month. The very name of ‘“‘mulch’” frightened us, for we imagined, at first, perhaps, that it must be some intricate process, but we were immensely relieved to find that a mulch- ing meant a covering for the ground of leaves or of any rakings from the lawn. So now we know we must mulch our strawberry vines to a depth of two or three inches. We remember, however, that John said to do it with hay or straw, and we decided upon straw as not carrying with it the possibility of so many uninvited seeds of disagreeable weeds, feeling somewhat important in having thought this out for ourselves. This leaves us with our pile of raked up leaves for our other beds when the time comes, for we have also been told that we should not mulch such beds as those of our bulbs until there is an inch of frost in the ground. All the old vegetable matter cluttering the ground may be burned, as November is the month in which we should busy ourselves with “‘housecleaning” in our gardens. At any rate, it gives us an excuse for ever so many harmless bonfires. Our children love them and so we let them roast potatoes in them, and have a merry time of it after all. November, Ig911 And we are proud of our hedges. As the winter winds will be biting and the winter sun at noontimes full of ill will, we will protect the hedgerow by boards along the north and west sides, that the grateful boughs may send forth an abun- dance of verdant foliage in the spring in gratitude for all our pains. The garden pests, insect and fungous nuisances that may have threatened to devastate our few little fruit trees, can now meet some meas- ure of our revenge, for we shall investigate all probable breeding places and destroy the things that have threatened our garden by spraying and otherwise. There may be some of us who would like to try our hand at mushrooms. November is just the sort of a month to begin a mushroom bed. Of course, Amer- ican-grown spawn is the thing for us to try out, and if we buy it of reliable nursery- men and honest seedsmen we may hope to be able to regale ourselves with palatable table morsels throughout the winter. Before the month is over we shall be putting up all of our garden tools regret- fully, but, let us hope, with a sense of satisfaction in all the delights a love for our gardens has yielded us during the season that has just passed. And as the sun goes down and dusk finds us turning our tired but happy steps toward the house and its cozy fireside, we shall remember that the memory of our gardens may still remain with us throughout every day of the winter months to come. We may even bring within doors a vivid reminder of summer’s fragrant season by filling our windows with lovely growing things—- Geraniums, Ferns, Ivy, Begonias, Smilax, Fuschias, and all the delightful prox- ies for the summer garden. HYACINTH VARIETIES. HE following varieties of Hyacinths may be recommended to the home garden-maker who is inter- ested in the article on Hya- cinths appearing on page 400 of this issue: WHITE: Alba superbissima, Mme. Vanderhoop, La Grandesse, Prince of Waterloo (double), and Baroness Van Thuyl; PINK: Fabri- ola and Norma; ReEDs: Robert Stieger, Gertrude, Roi des Belges and Lord Wellington (double); BiueE: Leonidas, La Pey- rouse, King of the Blues, Czar Peter, Grand Lilac, Baron Van Thuyl and Charles Dickens (double). La Peyrouse is a very light blue, and the Baron Van Thuyl very dark. Of the yellow varieties, the King of the Yellows and the Ida are among the most satisfactory. The Hyacinths known as Roman Hyacinths are usually sold by color and not by name at the florists, for these Roman Hyacinths are not distinct varieties, but minia- ture species of some of the above. The Cape Hyacinth, with its bell-shaped flowers an inch long, is also fragrant and attractive, and the Grape Hyacinth (Muscari botry-oides), blossoming in April, finds its best variety in the Heavenly Blue, though it is also to be found in white varieties, as is taining a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS This is a type of thatched pigeon- house built in an English cottage garden for white fan-tails, and con- suggestion for contemplating the building of such a little bird-house in our own country This shows a novel use of bamboo in the construction of a garden fence 417 the Wood Hyacinth (Scilla festales), which last is excellent for naturalizing and closely resembles the more prominent Hyacinth of the bulb beds, though its spikes are more loose and have not so many flowers. HOUSES FOR THE BIRDS. READER of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS has written the editor of this department a letter from which the fol- lowing interesting paragraph is quoted, in the belief that it will furnish a suggestion worth while to anyone interested in mak- ing the garden and grounds of his home more attractive. “I have found by experi- ence,’ writes this correspondent, “‘that November is an excellent month for setting up bird-houses. The birds, I find, seem to take to a winter-weathered house when they return in the springtime far more readily than they do to a house newly built for them. As I have acres of garden and lawn and am very fond of birds, I cele- brate the arrival of November every year by building a little bird-house with which to surprise my feathered friends when they return the following season. When I place these little bird dwellings high upon their poles I do not forget the proclivities of Miss Pussy-Cat, and so I drive sharpened spikes into the pole all around at a height of eight feet from the ground. She can climb that high if she wishes to, but one look at the spikes will convince her wise self of the futility of a raid. A BAMBOO FENCE NOTHER of our readers sends us an interesting note about an unusually ingenious and inexpensive bamboo fence. ‘I have made excel- lent and attractive fences for my garden of pieces of bamboo fishpole, cut to a uniform length and thonged in place by means of tarred cord, which holds the bam- boo ‘pickets’ in slight notches which I cut in the horizontal poles that run from post to post as a skele- ton. frame for the bamboo lattice. The idea is one I obtained from seeing a sim- ilar fence in a very attrac- tive Japanese garden in the vicinity of Rochester, N. Y., and I adapted the scheme there carried out to suit my more slender resources and my having to do all the work for myself. Perhaps some of your readers would like to try similar fences for their own gardens. They make admirable backgrounds and supports for sweet peas, etc.”’ USES FOR DEAD TREES. HEN one finds a tree gone beyond recovery, leaving a bare trunk or leafless branches amidst the foliage of summertime, the first thought is naturally the one of getting it out of the way, of considering its utility at an end with its life. However, if it happens to be properly situated in the home landscape nothing can be lovelier than an old dead tree around which Rambler Roses have been planted and over which they have been allowed to grow much of their own will and undirected by pruning. anyone 418 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS THE THANKSGIVING DINNER By Mary W. Mount Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals og L1ANKSGIVING DAY enters the kalendar of our homes like some modern Ceres bearing sheaves, crowned with purple clustered grapes, the hem of her cere gown powdered over with gleaming dust of golden-rod and glowing with scarlet of drifted leaves. The Harvest Spirit, in our country, is the embodiment of a land of plenty and symbolizes the culmination of autumn’s largesse in some vital expression of its bounty at the moment when Nature pauses, divested of her broidered vesture of gold, to prepare for her white slumber robe of winter. To every mental vision Thanksgiving day presents the Spirit of Plenty in such wise that the most careless pause in awe at the realization of how abundant have been the blessings of seedtime and harvest; the most thankless are moved to gratitude for benefits acknowledged at no other time. Nature’s overflowing bounty stirs us to like generous impulses; not one is too mean in spirit to share with his brother that portion of cheer which has fallen to his lot. Never since our Puritan fore- fathers dreamed of a na- tional existence have we failed to celebrate a festival the underlying principle of which has been gratitude to the Giver of all good for the fruits of husbandry. The keynote of such a fes- tival is an expression of outward bounty and inward unselfishness, and_ so Thanksgiving has been a season for the reuniting of families; the gathering of friends about a laden board; the feasting of the poor, and dispensing of provisions to needy tenantry against the coming of winter. A Thanks- giving festival is essentially a table celebration; not greedi- ness, but gratitude, prompts a board piled high with savory dishes and a dining-room where one seems to glimpse the Spirit of Plenty smiling through foliage and flower; to hear the rustle of her skirt in some bank of golden grain glowing from fireplace andmantel. It behooves every house- wife to make her table express the true feeling of the day; earth’s bounty, human thankfulness, and a pervading sense of friendliness and good-cheer. The Thanksgiving table, HEEPS' TO) Pale HOUSEWIFE TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER- EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE A Thanksgiving table suggestion, showing pineapple centerpiece November, 1911 therefore, should never be formal in either decoration or service. Both should bring us face to face with Nature in her season of bestowal and link every guest in friendly fashion, one with the other. Sheaves from the field, glow- ing branches from the forest, and fruit from the vineyard should replace orchids and hothouse roses in the dining- room. Nothing more beautiful can be effected than a room and table adorned in this wise, with yellow chrysanthemums, dahlias, golden-rod or dwarf oranges among the deco- rations. O housewife, however remote from a city’s shops, need be at a loss for table ornaments for Thanksgiving day. Does not every tree and vine offer bright-hued foliage to arrange in centerpiece, garland and wreath, and to paste upon paper-fashioned cups and baskets in which desserts, nuts and confections may be served? May not gleanings be saved from the field, corn gathered from the bin, and quaint golden pumpkins and squash be brought from the garden to lend both beauty and suggestion to the fes- tival? On the far northern rim of our land Thanks- giving decorations must be gathered in betimes, but everywhere else one has only to step outside the door to find Nature stretching out willing hands filled with tokens of Thanksgiving. By way of centerpiece, half of a yellow pumpkin makes a charming bowl for fruit, for golden-rod or autumn golden-glow, and small repetitions of the pumpkin bowl may be purchased or manufactured out of crépe paper or halves of oranges, to hold jellies, charlotte russe, oysters and crab pat- ties, nuts or confections. Any of the field grains make a charming centerpiece ac- companied by a fringe of grain heads garlanded around the edge of a table, and with purple and white grapes used in connection with the central ornament. Autumn leaves at the head of the grain fringe and around the centerpiece add much to the color effect of such a table. ILD turkeys furnished the piece de resistance of early American Thanksgivings, and turkey is as closely as- sociated in our minds with Thanksgiving as cranberry sauce is with turkey. Gourmets admit that guava and current jelly are better complements of roast turkey than cranberry sauce, and these are to be had where the New England sauce cannot be obtained. It is well to know that turkey November, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 419 Cherries make very attractive grapefruit decorations meat acquires a delicious flavor of the bird if penned up for a few weeks before Thanksgiving and fed plentifully on nuts—especially walnuts and pecans. The Creoles im- part this flavor to a turkey by means of a nut stuffing, and no stufing of nuts equals one made from pecans. Next to pecans English walnuts serve the purpose, but they do not melt as much in cooking nor give so rich a flavor. ‘To make this stuffing enough nuts should be shelled to fill a soup plate full of kernels. These should be chopped and set beside a bowl containing three or four dozen oysters and another filled with the juice from which the oysters have been strained and in which crumbled bread is soaking. One large onion should be minced fine and dropped into a deep pot, in which a teacup even full of lard has been melted. The liver and giblets of the turkey should be cut small and laid on a plate with minced parsely, a tiny sprig of thyme, bayleaf, a bit of minced red pepper, chopped tomatoes, and a single pod of garlic. This bit of garlic is no larger than a pea, and should be chopped fine and dropped in the pot with the onion. It may be omitted by those who do not like high seasoning. When the onion turns golden-brown the plate of giblets should be emptied into the pot and cooked till almost done, when the bowl of nuts and of salted soaked bread should follow and the stiff mass stirred until light brown, when the oysters may be added and stirred in. The dressing is then ready to empty on a flat dish to cool sufh- ciently to be handled, when the turkey is seasoned, stuffed, larded and placed in a roasting pan with a little cold water in the bottom. If a rich gravy is wanted, some of the same in- Individual pumpkin and mince pies served together gredients that went into the stuffing must be prepared, omit- ting oysters, garlic, thyme and bread and using very little onion. The gravy ingredients will brown themselves in the roasting pan. Rub flour all over the turkey to keep in the juice and make a thick gravy, and as the bird cooks add boiling water, a little at a time, and baste it. ITH this style of turkey rice is always served to eat with the soft dressing and gravy. To cook rice, one must wash a cupful and pour in the pot with it three cups of water, and salt to taste. When it begins to boil place a stove plate beneath the pot and let it alone. In fifteen or twenty minutes all the water will be absorbed, when the pot should be set on the back of the stove or over a low gas- burner to steam dry. Never stir rice nor cook it in a double boiler. If an increase in quantity is desired, observe the proportions of three portions of water to one of rice. DISH that is procurable for every Thanksgiving table is potatoes, and an attractive way to prepare them is to peel sweet potatoes, cut them in halves, and lay them in a well-buttered baking dish. Unless the potatoes are a very sweet variety, sugar may be sprinkled over the top before the dish is baked. When served, steamed or boiled white potatoes may be put through a “ricer’’ machine and heaped on a platter around the dish of sweet potatoes. This makes a pretty dish and allows one to choose the kind of potatoes he likes or to help himself to both. NOTHER attractive vegetable dish consists of onions, baked on rounds of bread and served on individual dishes surrounded by croutonnes. Good substitutes for A new way of serving baked whole onions A delicious dish of sweet and of white potatoes 420 Celery may be served filled with cream cheese these vegetables are cauliflower, pumpkin, carrots or turnips, all of which are easy to procure in November. Y way of an appetizer to the feast and, if one likes, in place of soup as a prelude to so heavy a dinner, halves of grapefruit may be served in new long-stemmed grape- fruit cups, with the fruit in its central receptacle reposing in a nest of cracked ice, adorned with a circle of cherries. One cherry rests in the center of the fruit, where sugar replaces Seed: TER turkey and vegetables have been removed a light salad should follow, and this may be of lettuce, romaine or fruit, with a preference for Thanksgiving salad made of seedless or seeded grapes, with mayonnaise sauce. The fol- lowing smooth salad dressing can be made.in three minutes: Mash the yolks of hard-boiled eggs with pepper, salt and a pinch of mustard; stir in oil until the mixture thins, when a raw egg should be beaten in and a little vinegar slowly added, followed by the chopped whites of eggs. ELERY, of course, accompanies every Thanksgiving turkey, just as pumpkin and mince pies or tarts, with fruit, nuts and raisins precede the café noir that closes the feast. A delicious way to serve the celery is to stuff the groove in each stem with cream cheese mixed with finely chopped nuts and olives. ‘Treated in this manner, it is ar- ranged on flat celery dishes and adds piquancy to the meal. N the event that a relish, followed by soup, is preferred to grapefruit as a first course to the dinner, consommé, vegetable, cream-of-celery or cream-of-tomato soups are all suitable to Thanksgiving, as all are light in character. It will be found that an appetizing element is introduced into cream-of-tomato soup by mashing a can of corn through the strainer (which retains the pulp) into the tomato soup and boiling it a few minutes with some chopped parsely and a lump of butter before milk is added, as the milk will curdle if allowed to boil in the tomatoes. With these soups bread sticks give an attractive touch to the table. EERE) (CR xeon foc eft xe fi coco el ERT) (ONC fet ccc aon el foe ooo ef menfocnn beh A) (O] (SES} MAKING THE MOST OF THE TURKEY By Phebe Westcott Humphreys occasional holiday treats in the form of wild fowl, or the ordinary domestic ducks and chickens that are to be pre- pared for the holiday feasts, this is the season when the in- experienced housewife is eager for the best advice in prep- arations for roasting, dressing and garnishing. Even the experienced housewife, familiar with delicious changes in chestnut, oyster, and plain bread “‘stuffiings,” will find pleas- ure in testing additional flavorings and the merits of steam- ing and plumping in addition to the roasting, while the pos- sibilities of utilizing left-overs from the holiday feasting will form a decidedly interesting source of information among AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 the hostess-caterers who are eagerly anticipating holiday guests and ““homecomings.”’ O prepare the fowl forroasting(we will call it turkey in this instance, although the process is practically the same for other fowls), carefully remove all pin-feathers and singe by holding it over an alcohol flame or the lighted burner of the gas stove. Or, if these are not convenient, simply light some loosely crumpled paper on top of the range and hold and turn the turkey over this until every portion is free from hairs, leaving the skin smooth and clean. Next lay the turkey on its back on the kitchen table, with plenty of room on every side for working to advantage. A paper spread on the table will keep the board clean and save time in dis- posing of the refuse. Make an incision beneath the breast bone as small as possible, allowing only sufficient room for ‘drawing,’ as the stuffing will be retained to better advan- tage and the finished product will be much neater, without a gaping, ragged opening, after roasting. Pull the skin back from the neck, after the head has been removed, and cut off two or three inches of the neck without removing the skin, leaving this to turn back and tie in place to retain the’ stufing in the crop cavity. To remove the crop, do not make a slit in the skin above the breast, in the usual manner, but pull out the entire crop, bag and contents, without break- ing, through the neck opening. Remove the windpipe and glands from the inner skin of the neck, and there will be a smooth, clean cavity to retain a goodly portion of the tasty stuffing in this section of the turkey. Do not forget to re- move the oil bag on the upper side of the tail. Then on inserting the fingers to ‘‘draw”’ the turkey, loosen the insides carefully, reaching up near the breastbone and working down, loosening from both sides without breaking the intes- tines, and the entire entrails will be drawn out intact, with the big cavity clean. Then reach in again with the fingers and separate the “‘lights’”’ or lungs, with all the little red particles, from the ribs. The turkey can then be thoroughly washed inside and out, and wiped dry; and it is ready for the stuffing. APPETIZING DRESSINGS. N preparing the dressing or the stuffing for the turkey, a knowledge of good flavoring will be the main point; whether it is filled with chestnut, oyster or bread stuffing, this portion of the roast should be rich and delicious, and serve as an appetizer, and of sufficient quantity to serve The festive bird, our national table joy plentifully with each “helping” of the roast, and not, as is too often the case, be a tasteless, soggy mixture. There are various ways of preparing these fillings. For the chestnut mixture the nuts may be creamed or left in halves without mashing. For the creamed dressing, boil a quart or more of chestnuts with a little salt water. When done remove the shells, mash the nuts with a wooden potato masher, or press through a vegetable sieve; add a table- November, 191! AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix spoonful of butter and two tablespoonfuls of cream; season with pepper and salt and a pinch of nutmeg, and beat up thoroughly with a pint of finely powdered cracker crumbs. Or, for a chestnut stuffing with the nuts comparatively whole, chop half a cup of white celery stalks very fine and mix with the nuts in halves or quarters; mix with sifted bread or cracker crumbs in the proportion of one pint of crumbs to each quart of chestnuts. Dot bits of butter through the dressing, slightly moistened with cream, and add a little powdered thyme or sweet marjoram to the celery flavoring. OR the oyster stuffing, drain the juice from the oysters and add an equal quan- tity of bread or cracker crumbs rolled fine and sifted, to give a good body to the dress- ing, instead of a watery mass of oysters too frequently served by the inexperienced. When well seasoned with butter, pepper and salt, this dressing will have the firm texture and the delicious flavor of escal- loped oysters when the turkey is carved. UT the good old-fashioned bread dress- B ing, carefully prepared and thoroughly seasoned, is after all the dependable and satisfying stuffing, leaving the oysters and the nuts to be served separately, thus not only proving less expensive in reserving the other ingredients for two separate courses, but also serving to “plump” the fowl and providing a delicious accompani- ment to the roast. Two small loaves of bread will be required for a large turkey, stale bread being best. Odds and ends of stale loaves saved up for the purpose are as good as the whole loaves. Break the bread in pieces and soak in water; then squeeze the bread firmly when soft to free it from moisture. For this quantity of bread four or five onions chopped very fine will not give too strong a flavor, but will blend deliciously with other flavors. Chop two or three stalks of celery very fine, add a pinch of sage and thyme; put the moist- ened, crumbly bread in a mixing bowl; add the chopped onions and celery and half a cup of butter. Mix thoroughly but lightly with the finger tips, and season to taste with pepper and salt. STUFFING THE TURKEY T should be remembered that while the cavities may be filled rather full when the chestnut and oyster dressings are used, the bread preparation should be allowed extra room for swelling. The main portion, more than two-thirds of the dressing, should be filled in the large cavity, pressing it with the fingers well up into the ribs and filling in only a small portion of the bread at a time, until evenly and compactly placed in the main body of the bird, but allowing space for the swelling near the opening; otherwise the opening will be forced apart in the roasting and the dressing will escape, with unsightly results. Then take the re- mainder of the stuffing and insert it through the neck cavity, entirely filling the space made by removing the crop. The entire bird should be rubbed with salt on the inside before stuffing. With a large needle and coarse thread carefully sew up the openings made for drawing and stuffing; and, as a further precaution to keep them from burst- ing out, wrap these portions with the clean heavy twine that is used to bind the wings and legs close to the body, wrapping round and round the fowl to keep it compact while in the roasting pan. THE BAKING PAN 2 these days of “inventions” in roasters and braisers, the inexperienced house- wife may consider it necessary to purchase some patent roaster. On the other hand, she may consider the old-fashioned, open pan, requiring frequent basting, entirely satisfactory. The older method entails more work in the matter of watching, turn- ing, and basting. Neither of these ex- tremes are necessary, however, for the happy medium is to be found in the plain “double-baking pan,” with a rack that will hold the fowl half an inch or more above the bottom of the pan. A patent double- baking pan is preferred, of course; one with the little steam gage in the top to open when it is time to brown the turkey. But this is not really necessary. The cheaper pan is simply two pans of the proper size to fit snugly together, with the turkey resting on the rack in the bottom pan and the other turned over it. Rub a little butter lightly over the fowl, and then rub with salt. Put a little water in the pan be- neath the rack and fit on the upper cover ; let it steam for a few moments on top of the range for extra plumping force before it goes into the hot oven. No basting will be necessary as long as the cover remains on the pan and the steam is retained; but when removed for final browning, baste fre- quently with the butter and rich juices in the bottom of the pan, to keep every portion of the fowl moist and tender and deliciously flavored during the browning process. PREPARING THE GIBLETS HE liver, heart and gizzard are some- times chopped and put into the roasting pan with the turkey, and then added to the gravy. It is far better, however, to cook them separately. Slices of fat pork or thin bacon are laid on the rack when the giblets are thus cooked, but the usual preference is for the rich flavor of the turkey without the additional flavor. The young house- wife too frequently makes the mistake of overdoing the bacon flavoring, especially when this is recommended to provide the juices without using water in a double bak- ing pan. The small particle of water to catch and hold the juices for baking without scorching is much better than the bacon or salt-pork flavor, whether the giblets are cooked in the pan or separately. A sepa- rate stew of the giblets is the best way of preparing them. Remove the gravel bag from the gizzard carefully, without break- ing, and wash thoroughly. Remove te hard membranes from the upper part of the heart, and work very carefully with the liver to remove every particle of the gall bag without breaking. A tiny particle of the gall allowed to touch either the giblets or the turkey will produce a bitter flavor. After washing the giblets, put them on to stew in a little water on top of the range, adding to them the neck, the small joints of the wing, or, if preferred, the two upper joints of the wing. And the drumsticks may be cut from the turkey in preparing it for the roasting pan, as these exposed por- tions are more tender when stewed and the fowl is quite as neat in appearance when simply the first joint or meaty portion of the wing and the thigh joint®of the legs are bound down to the body with the twine. With the neck, the drumsticks, and the wing portions boiled with the giblets, a delicious turkey stew is possible aside from the roast, or if quantities of gravy are desired these may be chopped after stewing and mixed with the drippings from the roast. RICH SAUCE AND GRAVY ARIOUS garnishes and richly flavored sauces are frequently served with the roast turkey, including the rich Chipolata garnish and spicy Spanish sauce. But the good, rich, old-fashioned turkey gravy is hard to beat when properly made, although the high-sounding name of some special sauce may seem to impart additional flavor. THE LIGHT OF OLDEN DAYS The Barberry Dip ser soe Cet es a A tion for Xmas gifts from Old New England—guaint old- Cideelinair BE seven-inch Bayberry Candles, dipped of pure Bayberry wax, with interesting illuminated card and motto of the “‘Legend of the Bayberry Dip. POHLSON’S GIFT SHOP ORCHIDS You can grow them in your greenhouse. Write to-day for illustrated Orchid book with full in- formation, description and prices, or visit our nurseries. JULIUS ROEHRS CoO. Rutherford, N. J. 50 cents postpaid Pawtucket, R. L Exotic Nurseries ° ° Giant Himalaya Berry Vine hardy as an oak; stands winters anywhere. Bears enormous crops of rich black berries—ten tons have been picked from 500 plants. Berries big, sweet, melt ing. delicious. 10 cents each ; $1 a dozen , $3 a hundred ; $25 a thousand. Add 10 per cent. when wanted by mail. Send for BERRY- DALE BERRY BOOK. Tells about other profitable berries for home or market use Berrydale Experiment Gardens American Ave., Holland, Mich, Like magic when you sow + Grass Grows Anywhere. i KALAK Ate ree T, \\ Needs only soil—moisture. Healthy turfanda beautiful lawn ° race where everything else fails. Choicest seeds scienti 1 I< with a powerful, dry concentrated animal manure. 0 Vt than ordinary seed. Try it. Instructive booklet, How Lawn’! FREE—tull of lawn helps. Send for it. 825 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. 4 00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of q Missouri River—Cash with order. Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. Chicago, Ill. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. SAVE They are too precious to lose. Get expert tree surgeons to examine them and advise you as to what they need. YOUR Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers, Our free booklets explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey. TREES Write forthem, The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., 1211 Ash Street, Kent, Ohio Sy “Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book EtyJ that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and "p Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer- ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 E Penn St, Reading, Pa.) & GINSENG screen Canada. Our booklet AV tells particulars. Send 4 cents for postage. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. $25,000.00 from one-half acre. Easily grown BUILDING CONTRACTORS SAVE $6.00 A DAY by using the Ackermann loor Scraper. One j man and the machine can do more than three men by hand. Scrapes hard or soft wood, and makes a finished job. 500 in use. : Pay us when satisfied. Send for Catalog. A Beautiful Illustrated Book- let, ‘“‘ WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon re- quest. Estimates furnished. SUN DIALS Any Latitude E. B. MEYROWITZ, 105 East 23d St., New York Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris FRANCIS HOWARD L 5 W. 28th St.. N, Y. C. s Mantels Benches. Pedestals, Fonts, Vases, Busts a GARDEN EXPERTS fie Send 15c. for Booklet AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS” e Buy Hick Shrubs Now This Ad. Tells You Why Planting Now Is Best ‘THERE are four main and several minor reasons why Fall planting of shrubs is best. First: The ground gets settled around their roots so they start growing vigorously first thing next Spring; and you know it is the long, vigorous growths that | arch gracefully and give the most beautiful effects. Second: Many of the shrubs either bloom or bud out so early in the Spring that if planted after April 15th they are bruised or broken off, and although the growth starts a little later, it is not so vigorous until Mid-Summer. This is particularly so of Forsythia, Pearl Bush, Lilacs, and Spireas. Third: Many of the shrubs are beautiful all Winter and you might just as well be enjoying them during those dreary months. For instance, there is Red Twigged Dogwood, the bark of which is a glowing carmine. Japanese Barberry with its brilliant red berries which stay on all Winter, is unequalled for low mass effects or hedges. Fourth: Next Spring you and everybody else will be too busy. You know how it has been every other year—almost impossible to get what you want done, when you wanted it done. Besides, now, while your needs of the past Summer are fresh in your mind, 1 the best time to order. (There are a few things which we recommend to reserve until Spring: Azalea, Magnolia, Beech, Liquidambar or Sweet Gum, Tulip Tree and Rhododendron.) That Privet Hedge you have long wanted might just as well be planted right now—it’s a simple straight ahead sort of a job that will only hold up other things 1f put off till Spring. Would you not rather have the sort of boundary shown in the illustration to shut off the street than a hedge or a fence that everybody inthe street can look over? Would not this greater width of foliage be a more efficient block to the noise, dust, and intrusion of the public? This group contains Deutzia, Spirea, Viburnum. Lilac, Syringa. or Mock Orange, and Weigelia. A path through such shrubbery gives a new picture at every turn. Have you not noticed that many places give you No invitation to visit and explore? You look over the hedge and you see it all. Groups of shrubbery will divide part of your place into a series of in- teresting outdoor rooms. One can bea rose garden, another a tennis lawn, and another a ramble among wild flowers underneath a shady grove. The shrubs perform the important function in landscape of forming a screen higher than the line of sight. Don't you want some especially fine Golden Bell, Upright Honeysuckle, Syringa, or Mock Orange, and Viburnum dentatum’ Or, have you spots where you have planned to put Weigelia, snowball bush, or sweet shrub, that old fashioned favorite with its unforgotten perfume? Hicks’ shrubs, like Hicks’ trees, are strong, sturdy, well developed stock that you can thoroughly depend upon. Dependable shrubs from a depend- able firm. Come to the nursery and pick them out. It’s a most satisfactory way If you can’t, then send for price list; you will find the prices low, Send your order, and we will fill it carefully and promptly with freshly dug st.ck. Now is also the time to plan winter tree work, such as moving big evergreens ten to forty feet high. Have Hicks move them for you. Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury, Long Island Hyacinths, Darwin and other || Tulips, Narcissus and Crocus, Easter LiliesandhardyJapanand NativeLilies. English, Spanish Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas. sun dials and garden furniture or A 40 of wood columns. Hartmann - Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of | Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Columns Freesias, Cal- and Japan Iris. ochortus and Trilliums, and all other Native and Foreign Bulbs and Roots in endless variety. The Largest Assortment in America CATALOGUE NOW READY Mailed Free for the Asking. J.M. THORBURN & CO. 33 Barclay Street Dept. A New York Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES., CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City * Our illustration shows the attractive effect that can be obtained by adopting pergola treatment for your garage. to the cost of the building and makes it an attractive feature of your general landscape scheme ‘nstead of an eyesore, as-it frequently is. This adds but very little November, 1911 Iemon juice, grated lemon zest, grated Parmesan and tomato sauce are the usual relishes when a spicy sauce is to be served with a fancy name. For “just gravy,” good and rich, with only the turkey flavor, re- move the roast when thoroughly tender all through and well browned, and make the gravy in the pan with the rich drippings and the particles of dressing that have es- caped in the roasting. Pour off the surplus grease, add a little water to the thick drip- pings, wet a little flour thickening, smooth and free from lumps, and add to the drip- pings until smooth and creamy in texture. The gizzard, heart and liver may then be chopped and added to the gravy; or the gib- let stew may be thickened to form a sepa- rate gravy of its own, with the meat from the bony pieces. Garnish the turkey with crisp sprigs of parsley when served. THE SOLDIER’S GARDEN By GEORGE A. AVERY HE main accomplishment of a soldier’s career in times of peace may not be in learning to fight the best or to lounge the easiest, if a promising experiment in garden- ing goes on and bears fruit at the rate shown by this year’s demonstration at Cater- ham Barracks, England. The soldiers at this point recently gave their annual vege- table, flower and industrial show, and in spite of a long drought the exhibits were very successful.and the best of the series. There are cases of cultivating the soil within a military station or reservation grounds by enlisted men in garden work, but the litera- ture of these is scant and the data are few. The more recent information comes from this Barracks, which has the distinction of giving an annual affair for prizes, and which in military circles is considered one of the social features of the year. It is a character- istic of the soldier on a peace footing to go bluntly about his duties, and after this to enliven his spirit on a pass or to enjoy games and other diversions. But the prize show referred to throws new light on the range of a barracks’ life. That the dull routine may be improved upon is shown by this scheme, which rewards the men with a healthful occupation and other benefits. The officers, from the commandant down, take a leading interest in the exhibition, and this support has helped to make gardening there a feature of a soldier’s work. The champion vegetable grower in the English army is Corporal Holt, of the Coldstream Guards. He was again this year the leading com- petitor at the “Barracks” show, and was awarded nine firsts for his vegetables. Corporal Holt is the famous tallest man in the army, and pictures of him doing his service at the most notable military pageants have appeared in the English illustrated papers. He also received the first prizes for the best kept garden and for the one the best cropped. In this latter competition, the legend goes that the giant guard, knowing that no award would be given to him 1f his exhibit showed to the judges of cropping a single specimen of rank overgrowth of the weed (Britannicus grenadiere), kept him- self for the time hid inside the Caterham Barracks. While there is no movement in the United States toward organizing an annual prize garden exhibition, there are instances where soldiers at posts take advantage of grounds and leisure to raise small crops for their own consumption, the over-production being shared by other soldiers of his company and even by his officers. One very successful garden was handled by a sergeant at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., and it may be hoped that November, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS in raising his produce what went to seed was for use in planting the garden habit in his company, as well as for use in his next sea- son’s vegetable yield. Many of this soldier's products of the sturdy sort might have stood well in comparison with those of Corporal Holt and his military gardeners, but he was far behind them, since he made no attempt at herbaceous borderings, at floral achieve- ments, or at socializing the work. He lived well as a result of his toil; he exchanged his produce for certain favors, and pleased his superiors with a small basket of fresh edibles when the commissary was low or when the market complained of droughty conditions. , Our acquaintance with this soldier’s garden, * and that at the ' Navy Yard at Charlestown, ‘Mass. ., makes one , feel that these posts are a nuclei of an an- | and the one at Fort Snelling, nual exhibition, if only for vegetables. Let the soldier get interested in the idea that the enlisted man’s private garden plan is a volunteer matter and is not open to hard regulation strictures; that the one who fol- lows it ought to be free from the drudgery of the mess, and even if he cannot escape guard duty, at least, while on that tiresome sentinel beat of “plowing the lonely fur- row,” he can make it lighter by contemplat- ing the pleasure of plowing a multitude of furrows among his vegetables the next morning ; or by musing on peace having her victories, as well as those of war, for there are invasions of armies of pests to be rolled back that overrun the potato patch, scale the garden walls and mine and sap roots under the surface. The garden ventures described are crisp instances of the providence of man. Both are bits of rational experimentation. One truly English, as it is socialized, a family affair, with a wise and tolerant commandant, Major G. D. Jeffreys, strongly interested; while ours is based on the individual or } American type of development. A writer who seems to know has just said that “The loveliest thing in the world is an English house garden.” It will be interesting to see whether the most practical garden in the world can come from the English soldiers’ exhibit scheme. It does not look as if there will be “rival camps” to menace the su- premacy of John Bull’s guardians in this field, as, outside of the United States, the soldier, through lengthened drills and ex- cessive exercises, is too tired to work when off duty. The ingenious and exact percision of cultivation in France, the superiority of high fertilizing agents in Germany, the in- tensive method in Japan, would be the means that would enable the French conscript, the enrolled Prussian, or the Japanese regular to take the measure of the’ Anglo-Saxon re- cruit and to show him the art of the com- plete gardener ; but the rank and file of the Orient and on the Continent will be found at the café, the beer garden, or the tea gar- den, until bugle call. Are the ventures outlined apt to start an interest in trucking and farming and to help the movement of “‘back to the land” by the soldier when he goes out of service? If they do, Tommy Atkins will then be credited on garden form with a more lasting in- fluence on raising food-stuffs of the soil than those more pretentious examples among watriors; for instance, the return to the plow of Cincinnatus; of Diocletian to his cabbages; of Washington to his plantation. The moral of the soldier’s garden may be in the idea that: Often, he is considered the most likely soldier of a mobile army who by the use of his legs is the greatest forager. If so, he of inactive service at a post may be the most useful that rakes in the good things by the labor of his hands. pression of either havi If the architecture is p accord, the entire effect is p The architect analyzes the pressions. He knows that inha: ware at the focal point—the ent: can greatly mar an otherwise hand That is why so many experienced a advise their clients to select designs in Sargent Hardware. Sargent designs include so many different examples in each school and period of architecture that there is wide latitude for personal preference without danger of missing the essential harmony. Sargent Book of Designs— mailed free This handsome book, illustrating many of the designs most favored for homes is mailed free on request. Our Colonial Book will be in- cluded to anyone who mentions an interest in that period. SRE SARGENT & COMPANY. ~-—— 156 Leonard Street New You. Don’t cut away the timbers or depend on flimsy spiking. adapted to all conditions. More than 100 stock sizes. Then let us figure on the requirements. for immediate shipment. Sargent Locks are typical of the solid worth and substantial character of Sar- gent Hardware. Among lock ex- . perts they are famed for the security they af- ford. Sargent Door Locks and lock systems may be had for every locking purpose under the sun. We make hangers Consult your architect. Twenty thousand hangers in stock ready LANE BROTHERS COMPANY 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y | oa xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 HINTS ON PAINTING Some Suggestions and Recipes of Value to the Homemaker aaa a amoral SEES H ul OT ae | Pept Uc lalich ck emnaeue «| | FEW hints regarding the use of paints na may prove of interest to the readers Se of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, inas- acai ath. ais vs 8 oeeeney | much ae the Editor continually receives re- 1} | quests from readers for paint recipes and TCoINTONG iti cuececuee regarding rhe pate ee ma- f \} Py | terials. mM ‘OI Pic. ae ey | h wae! PAINTING METALS Cet Lt | Very frequently, when metal is exposed emmy Py "MMR | to the weather it will be found that the paint || peels off. If the metal is slightly corroded by a solution of copper sulphate slightly acidulated with nitric acid, the paint will a ak rT Tal j_| better adhere to the metal surface. After eee eet 4 steee a noun ey =e fe Ste ee a re | | be washed, dried, an en painted. To Cnn ne en ee aa MBA | make it proof against hot water, clean the metal with turpentine or benzine; then ap- ply two coats, consisting of a mixture of white lead, spirits of turpentine and car- riage varnish, which should be followed im- mediately with a coating of carriage var- nish and white lead. An excellent white paint for metallic sur- faces which are exposed to heat that fre- quently turns them yellow, consists in the introduction of oil sodium silicate, when no change of color will result. Zinc white mixed with soluble glass of from 40 to 50 ae ia degrees B., to the consistency of ordinary re Write for descriptive matter ry \A.| paint, makes another excellent coating for | metal surfaces. z= i MIXING PAINTS (Pepreteereneequggranenanenmnensssa f) In mixing paints one should observe that \ « ~ ae for outdoor work the oils should be prin- ‘aw || ee ‘a : cipally boiled oils. For the decorative parts Bg 2 ees BS i) | of the house—interiors, furniture, etc— Clinton Wire Lath is Unsurpassed for use in exterior as well as interior plaster work. A wire mesh made up of drawn steel wire of high quality, galvanized after weaving, and provided with our famous V-stiffeners affords the ideal material for supporting stucco. Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the plaster eliminates all danger of cracking. In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away. ae > | (2a We: aa (Sa ae | iMG | {ea cok | Jia 1 ei > ia a | Pres anil | ’ ; they may be mixed as usual. For such in- ag°2 750808 Ss a X +6 {| door work linseed oil, turpentine, and a ae eae 0 MS) 4 | little drier should be employed, bearing in ea eS 5 ee fi} | | mind that the less oil used the less will be = = 2G eee | | the gloss, and that for flatted white effects Vue: 7 . —< (inasmuch as the color is ground in oil) sae t oaaliaall 5. 4 the paint will scarcely require any further —- 2 F addition of oil. ‘ad ee. ences r a. -— OBTAINING DESIRED COLORS +1 ch a _ecsaaeage ae ee ‘ [ The amateur painter often finds himself | ICTUTINTIOIN, IMLA SIGS 1 —— ; ‘ at a loss to know just how to mix two col- Ole a i ek | a Od 0 = M4 | ors to produce the third one desired. The jae eh PR ND A ae a A AOSD | | following list, therefore, will serve as a me a. = a eS first step in the subject: Buff may be ob- tained by mixing white, yellow ocher, red; chestnut, from red, black and yellow ; choco- Just Published late, from raw umber, red and _ black; TSH claret, from red, umber and black; copper, SHADE from red, yellow and black; dove, from ROLLERS white, vermilion, blue and yellow; drab, Spenser aiorsad nese from white, yellow ocher, red and black; Gone eS fawn, from white, yellow and red; flesh tint, from white, yellow ocher and ver- Garages and Motor milion; freestone, from red, black, yellow Boat Houses Compiled b : 5 WM. sens BEN EROAE ocher and white; French gray, from white, a Tiaeoet : aes _ Sa Prussian blue and lake; gray, from white is work contains a collection of selecte esigns or { : i both private and commercial buildings, showing the very C it R i ST ia AS DI N NE RS fae! ane OHNO : eee ESN ns) SNe f latest ideas in their planning and construction. ocher and red eee bronze, from chrome @ There are 136 illustrations of garages and motor boat FOR Ss ee | Sicely black and yellow ; cag eS) from | oe aaa of plans and exterior views reproduced 300 000 i white, chrome green; lemon, from white rom photographs. and chrome yellow; limestone, from white, a es cen pees collin’ by twenty-four POOR yellow ocher, black and red; olive, from wells nown architects from different sections of the United PEOPLE yellow, blue, black and white; orange, from @ The book is divided into f , yellow and red; peach, from white and ver- asic aca ne ake cnn as tollows: pit aC milion; pearl color, from white, black and Ey} o} ’ blue; pink, from white, vermilion and lake; | purple, from violet, deepened by more red and white; rose, from white and madder lake; sandstone color, from white, yellow ocher, black and red; snuff, from yellow and Vandyke brown; violet, from red, blue and white. Private Country and Suburban Garages. supplied by Private City Garages. The Suburban and City Public Garages. : Motor Boat Garages. Salvation Army Garage Equipment and Accessories. Throughout the ; Jnited States @ Neatly bound in board and cloth. Size 7% x 10% ae inches. 119 pages. Price $2.00, Postpaid of ee eee | INNOXIOUS PAINTS MUNN & CO., Inc. ; | MISS BOOTH In these days of the practice of so many 361 Broadway, New York 118 W. 14th Street, New York City home arts and crafts, the following recipe Western States, Commissioner Estill, 669 S. State St., Chicago for an innoxious color for painting objects Will you help by sending a donation, no matter how small November, Ig1I AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii within reach of small children will be found valuable: Add to six parts of white fine chalk three parts of thoroughly calcined magnesia, and to this add a few drops of indigo solution. WINDOW PAINT The following is a useful recipe for win- dow paint: Mix with white lead, boiled oil or varnish, and a small quantity of driers (no turps, which hardens for the time, be- ing a volatile oil, and therefore objection- able j in this case) ; paint this over the glass thinly, and stipple it. If you have not a proper brush, make a large pledget of cot- ton-wool or tow, cover it with a clean bit of linen rag, and quickly dab it over the paint. PAINTING BIRD CAGES Parrot cages, or in fact any kind of bird cages, may be painted with zinc, but lead must not be used. Zinc may be given any desired tint, and after it is applied it may be coated with a light volatile copal varnish, after which it should be subjected to a heat of from 100 to 150 degrees F. The varnish known as “extra light polishing varnish”’ is that used by several of the most prominent bird-cage makers. CLEANING PAINT BRUSHES New paint brushes should be thoroughly brushed back and forth on the hand until the dust and loose hairs of the brush are removed. New brushes require special at- tention the first few days. All brushes should be washed in benzine or turpentine and shaken dry before changing from one tint of paint to another. Those brushes which have become clogged by paint should be freed by turpentine before they are used again. Varnish brushes should always be kept for use in the same varnish in which they are first used, or in turpentine; how- ever, the latter treatment will make the brushes rough up in time, and the varnish is a much better preservative of their pliableness. PRESERVING THE COLOR OF PRESSED FLOWERS GERMAN scientist suggests an inter- esting method of preserving the natural colors of flowers. This consists in dust- ing them with salicylic acid as they dry in a press, removing the acid again with a brush when the flowers are dried. Red colors in particular are especially well preserved by this agent. Another method of applying the same preservative is to use a solution of one part of salicylic acid in fourteen parts of alcohol, by means of blot- ting paper or cotton-wool soaked in it and placed above and below the flowers. Pow- dered boracic acid yields nearly as good re- sults. Another authority recommends as an improvement in the method of using sul- phuric acid for preserving the colors, that in the case of delicate flowers they be placed loosely between sheets of vegetable parch- ment before immersion in the liquid, so they may preserve their natural forms. This accounts for the bright natural coloring retained by many pressed flowers which one finds attached to souvenir cards and elsewhere. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY UCH space is given in discussing the work of the Bureau of Entomology to the important work that bureau has done during the past year in its effort to control or eradicate the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. The infested terri- tory covers all the New England States ex- cept Vermont, and the department, working in co-operation with the authorities of those States, has met with gratifying success. Conditions there are largely improved. 400 PLANS FOR 51.00 (Add 25c. for Postage) We will send the readers of this magazine our big books of plans showing over four hundred designs of single and double houses, flats, cot- tages and bungalows costing $300 to $12,000 for only $1.00 and 25c. to cover actual cost of mailing. These books show floor plans, exterior views, give full description, price of plans and cost to build each house. These books regularly sell for 50c. each, but we will send you all for only $1 and postage if you order now. ‘These books are: $3,500 to $10,000; 50c per copy $1,500 to $2,000; 50c per copy $300 to $9,000; 50c per copy J. HW. DAVERMAN & SON, Architects S111 Murray Block Grand Rapids, Mich. Design No. 52-~$2,200 Blue Print Plans and Specifications only $10 Palatial Modern Homes - Low Cost Modern Homes - Cottages and Bungalows’ - If you want your home torepresent your taste and ideals you will enjoy THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL © “XN It tells you by word and picture how others have made ct homes both distinctive and livable. Profiting by their examples, you can go a step further and achieve effects in your home that would be impossible without the expert advice you receive from month to month in The House Beautiful. It will tell you what color to tint your dining room, etc.; what disposition to make of a basement or attic chamber; how to know good furniture; how to care for your lawn and home surroundings, and many other things you want to know. Each issue contains 64 pages with 15 splendid features. written by expertsand 3S beautifully illustrated. TRIAL OFFER gf With Complimentary Portfolio ey, = The subscription price is $3.00 per year. But to introduce The House pte Beautiful to new readers, we are making a special trial offer, outlined below. Pen es For $1.00 we will send you The House Beautiful for FIVE months, aS Se beginning with the current issue, and also make you a present of 2S ee “The House Beautiful Portfolio of Interior Decoration.” The Port- 7 ets folio is a collection of plates, many in colors, picturing and iG aOR Le describing rooms which are unusually successful in their decoration FEM NOM and furnishing. The Portfolio alone is a prize money could not eo s SR ordinarily purchase. ¢ SEL To avail yourself of this offer, cut out the attached coupon, ,% ses se pin a one dollar bill to it, fill in your name and address and ¢ WGK S mail it to-day to ru Re eae “ot AD wx RS HERBERT S, STONE, Publisher, THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL, N.Y, City oS sess a x = AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 fiaest in the land.” adapted to Country Homes. Send for printed matter. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY Get Morgan Morgan Company, —the strongest, lightest and most | beautifully grained doors made. }) Z } The standard doors of America, made in i the special Morgan way from special \\\ woods by special machinery. doors are specified and recommended by all jj leading architects. Built of separate layers 4 of kiln dried wood with the grain running |) in opposite directions, \ ing or swelling is impossible. , i Each door is stamped “MORGAN” which guar- |) antees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. ih) Be sure your doors bear the “MORGAN” stamp. t Send for a copy cf our elegant new iN catalog “‘The Door Beautiful’’—just | out—fuli of page illustrations of interiors hI and attractive exteriors in aii styles, showing _|{} Morgan Doors and their surroundings —tells ‘Ky why it is the best kind of economy to use Doors throughout your building. Write for your copy today Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money. est i Morgan i Shrinking, warp- {j Dent. A, Oskosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago 1) Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md } Morgan Doors are handled by dealers who do not substitute. /\\ VACUUM CLEANER We manufacture Electric Stationary Vacuum Cleaners for buildings of any size or kind. We make a specialty of residence work, and our machines can be installed in old or new houses without expert help. We manufacture a Stationary for use with Gasoline Engine, or other power, especially The Cleaner and Engine can be placed in an outbuilding and a pipe run underground to the residence, making a perfect job. The Victur Electric Portable is a powerful and handsome machine; in fact “ "Tis the Broomell’s 7 VICTOR Stationary York, Pa. WY, WW for Hot-beds and Cold-frames The two layers of glass take the place of mats and boards A %-inch layer of dry, still air between the two layers affords ample protection even in zero weather The Ideal Resort The Year ‘Round SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., THE RECREATION OF WINTER GARDENING If you use Sunlight Double Glass Sash you eliminate the work and have the unalloyed enjoyment of the lettuce and violets you get from your hot-beds and cold-frames. And in the Spring you have early plants of all kinds to set out in the open. Write for these books. the other is by Professor Massey. addition to the catalog. ey) Here you can find complete mental and physical rejuvenation. This delightful, invigcrating climate and crisp, bracing, ozone-laden air will give you a new lease on life. Come now, when the brilliant Autumn season is at its height, and en- joy some rare fishing, motoring and golfing, and attend the dances in the evening, which are given an added charm by the presence of the ofhcers of the Army and Navy. Easy to Reach—Central Location.—Hotel Chamberlin is Jocated right on Hampton Roads and at Fortress Monroe. A great. gay, palatial hotel, yet Delicious, real old Southerncooking. Indoor from anywhere by rail or steamship. homelike and exclusive. Quickly accessible salt-water bathing in Magnificent Sea Pool and finest Medical Baths of every description. For further tnformation and interesting illustrated booklets pply to any Tourist Bureau, of address me personally GEORGE F. ADAMS, Mgr. FORTRESS MONROE, VA. New York Office, 1122 Broadway One is our free catalog; It tells how to make and care for hot-beds, what and when to plant. 4 cents in stamps will bring Professor Massey's book in 943 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. Have Fresh Violets All Winter A STRANGE EXPERIMENT HE Oregon Agricultural College has been experimenting in the matter of dyeing eggs and chicks. In a recent poul- try exhibition of the Oregon State Fair, bright pink chicks and eggs with red yolks and pink whites, both perfectly sound and wholesome, were one of the novelties shown as the result of feeding dyes of coaltar products to the birds one day, causing them the next to exhibit this gay difference. These experiments were undertaken to fur- nish a vivid illustration of the effect quality of food has upon eggs, and even upon the flesh and feathers of the fowls. SOIL SURVEYS URING the year soil surveys were carried on in fifty-nine different areas in twenty-six different States, and as a result 22,762 square miles were covered in detailed work and 179,108 square miles of reconnaissance surveys, mainly in the Great Plains region. A total area of 359,564 square miles, or 230,120,960 acres, has been surveyed and mapped since active field work was begun in 1899. It is now clear that the pioneer methods of agriculture are inadequate for the in- creasing needs of our growing population. There is also abundant evidence that with a thorough knowledge of the soils and the intelligent application of modern intensive methods the yields per acre of our staple crops can be increased many times. The soil surveys are showing the vast opportunities for crop specialization in the various soils in different sections of the country. Reconnaissance surveys of the Great Plains region thus far made have fur- nished a large amount of valuable and accu- rate information, not only to prospective settlers, but also to those farmers who are already in the areas. ARTIFICIAL FUR NEW French process of making arti- ficial fur, which has been patented by its inventor, M. Marche, merits descrip- tion on account of its originality and ingenuity, if not because of its practical im- portance. Small pelts are sewn together, stretched, with the fur side up, on the flat bottom of a large pan, and covered with water, which is then frozen. The cake of ice is removed from the pan, and a slice, of the exact thickness of the skin, 1s sawed off the bottom of the cake. By melting this thin slice of ice the skins, destitute of hair, are recovered for use in the leather indus- try. The upper part of the cake of ice, con- taining the hairs, is placed with its base near a hot surface until a thin uniform layer of ice is melted and the lower ends of the hairs are exposed. The base of the cake is then varnished with a solution of India rub- ber, and after the varnish has become hard the ice is melted. In this way is produced a large, seamless artificial pelt, composed of the natural hair of a number of small pelts or pieces, attached to a sheet of India rub- ber. These artificial furs are cheap, as the natural skins are saved for other uses, and they are moth-proof, owing to the substitu- tion of India rubber for animal tissues. T has been estimated by an authority on motoring that in the neighborhood of four million pneumatic tires will be required to shoe the automobiles running in America during the year 1912. November, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv ADVENTURES IN HomMe-MaAkinG, by Robert and Elizabeth Shackleton. New York: John Lane Company, 1910. Cloth, 12mo. Illustrated, 350 pages. Price, $1.75 net. The authors of this volume are well- known writers on the subjects connected with the home and its decoration, and a perusal of its pages will prove a delight to every homemaker. The arraugement of the well illustrated chapters is excellent, be- ginning with the one on the Finding of a Home, and continuing through the Plan- ing, the Library, the Fireplace, the Parlor, Dining-Room, Halls, Bedrooms, Guest- room, From Kitchen to Garret, Porch and Formal Garden, the Lawn, Spring-House and Pool, and taking up the subject of the Self-Supporting Features of a Country Home, the Picturesque Possibilities of the Barnyard, the Alterations of the Side of the House, Making a Terraced Front with White Columns, in separate chapters. All the illustrations are full-page plates in half- tone reproductions from photographs, the keynote of all the forms being that of good taste. THe ConTRAcToRS’ AND BuiLpers’ Hanp- BooK, by William Arthur. New York: David Williams Company, 1911. Flex- ible cloth, 16mo. 378 pages. Price, $1.50 net. This very useful handbook is divided into three sections, the first containing nineteen chapters discussing the Contractor as a Business Man, dealing with Reading Plans and Specifications, the Preparation of Esti- mates, Nature of Contracts, Buying Ma- terial, Builders’ Law, etc.; the Contractor as a Constructor—eight chapters on Weights, Measures and Their Use; Foundations ; Superstructures; Concrete Forms and Work, etc.; and the Contractor as a Tax- payer—seven chapters on Fire Loss; Where to Locate; The Ideal Education for the General Contractor; A Little Library; Big Contracts, ete. FloME VEGETABLE GARDENING, by F. F. Rockwell. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1911. Cloth, 16mo. Illustrated, 262 pages. Price, $1.00. This little book will be of interest to anyone with whom the home vegetable gar- den is a hobby It contains many helpful suggestions, well arranged and clearly pre- sented. One is glad to note that this volume is the result of personal experience upon the part of the writer, and not merely a compilation from generally known facts. If it is not quite a complete guide, it is surely a very useful one, and may be recommended to the home library. SOILS AND FERTILIZERS, by Harry Snyder. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911. Cloth, 12mo. 350 pages. Price, $1.25 net. This is the third edition of Prof. Snyder’s book. The author is Professor of Agricul- tural Chemistry and Soils in the University of Minnesota. It has been his aim to pre- sent in condensed form the principles of the various sciences, particularly chemistry, which have a bearing upon the economic production of crops and the conservation of the soil’s fertility. The work as here presented includes all the topics and the lab- ratory experiments relating to soils, as out- lined by the Committee on Methods of Teaching Agriculture, of the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Sta- tions. Tue Pruninc Book, by L. H. Bailey. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911. Cloth, 12mo. Profusely illustrated, 545 pages. Price, $1.50 net. One welcomes Prof. Bailey’s Pruning Book in its twelfth edition to the garden library. The first part of the book con- cerns itself with the fundamentals of prun- ing, philosophy of pruning, the fruit bud, the healing of wounds and the principles of pruning. The second part is concerned with the incidentals, such as specific advice, meth- ods of training, sketch of American grape training, the various modes of American grape training, vinifera grape training (Cal- ifornia practice). There is not a_ better handbook to be had on the subject of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions, and every grower, large and small, should possess himself of a copy. of this work. PAPER-BAG Cookery, by Nicholas Soyer. New York: Sturgis and Walton Com- panyerloiie Clothe emo, 9 130) pages. Price, $1.00 net. Paper-bag cookery has made so great a furor since its introduction by Mr. Soyer’s system into this country that this hand- book well supplies the extended demand. Its author, late chef of Brooks’s Club, London, does not claim for the paper-bag system of cookery that it can cook everything. He makes it plain that tea must still be made in a teapot, and the difficulties in respect to soups have not yet been overcome. In fact, he honestly opens his little book with a list of other dishes to be avoided: omelets. scrambled eggs, jam, Scotch kale, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, artichokes, macaroni, or kindred Italian pastes. Vir- ginia Terhune Van de Water, Marion Har land’s daughter, has written an introduction to Mr. Soyer’s book, in which she says: “When this method is once understood it will be eagerly adopted by housewives and cooks all over the country. It is, moreover, so simple that it can be easily learned by the veriest tyro in the culinary art.” Farm Pouttry, by George C. Watson. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910. Cloth, 8vo. Mlustrated, 341 pages. Price, $1.25 net. The author of this popular sketch of do- mestic fowls for the farmer and the ama- teur is Professor of Agriculture in the Pennsylvania State College, and knows his subject thoroughly. It will be found of in- terest not only to the professional poultry- raiser, but likewise to the amateur. Its sixteen chapters go thoroughly into the various breeds—egg breeds, meat breeds, and fancy breeds—of various fowls. The sixth and seventh chapters concern them- selves with a résumé of the most scientific ideas in building construction for poultry yards. There is also a chapter on various diseases and enemies in the poultry-yard, and an especially valuable chapter on pre- paring and marketing poultry products, with full directions for dressing, packing and shipping, shipping the live poultry, handling, shipping and preserving eggs. This is one of the most important volumes in the Rural Science Series, edited by Prof. L. H. Bailey, of Cornell. Busu-Fruits, by Fred W. Card. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911. Cloth, 12mo. 537 pages. Price, $1.50 net. The volume under review is the fifth edition by an author who is Professor of Horticulture in the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and Horti- culturist to the Experiment Station, and was formerly Professor of Horticulture in the University of Nebraska, has had a wide Mortgage Bonds =TO= 67/0 YIELD Offered at Par (100) and Interest Denominations $1000--$500-$100 A Mortgage on carefully selected, improved, in- come-producing real estate in the best residential and business districts in New York City, worth approxi- mately $9,000,000, is security for these bonds. High grade city real estate fluctuates less than any other form of security. The principal of these bonds is thoroughly safe, and interest is assured at the rate of 694 per annum. A conservative investment you cannot afford to be unfamiliar with. Write for Information—Circular 21 NEW YORK REAL ESTATE SECURITY COMPANY Assets, $10,000,000 Capital, $3,959,000 42 BROADWAY N: Y¥. CIty —— Take off your Hat to The Myers” BEST PUMP ON EARTH. s-<# | EE Pumps «kins CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works PROTEC Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in | place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. until you see the 40 artistic and practical designs of houses, bunga- lows and cottages illustrated in “HOMES OF CHARACTER” j | All new plans, with concise descriptions | Do not buiid and accurate cost estimates. T]-e book you need if youintend_ to build. Sent pestpaid fer $1.00. Des. Cir. 2c. JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect 1245 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, 0. Cost $2,500 HOWARD Dustless Duster (25 Cents Prepaid) Makes possible a dustless home. % Write for our Dust Book “A.” It's free. It will show you how to make dusting a pleasure, how to dry clean a silk skirt in Fe five minutes, how to | clean windows in a twinkling, to polish pianos and highly fin- ““No Oil to Soil** ished furniture, to make cut glass look like diamonds, to make an old derby look like new. Money back if not satisfactory HOWARD DUSTLESS DUSTER CO. 164-34 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. HOWARD AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1911 “an EIGHTH CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST L. E. STANHOPE, Architect, CHICAGO Established 1855 L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods Exclusively General Offices: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, CHICAGO TRENTON, N. J. - 2210-2212 Pine Sé. 515 Andrus Building ST. LOUIS, MO. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., KANSAS CITY, MO., 1204 Scarrett Building SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., Monadnock Building CINCINNATI, OHIO The only complete line made by any one firm BRANCH OFFICES: Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, CHICAGO DENVER, COLO. CLEVELAND, OHIO WASHINGTON, D. C., OMAHA, NEB. BUFFALO, N. Y. 506 Lyric Building Builders’ Exchange 327-328 Bond Building 1116-1118 Douglas Street 67 Manchester Place = 1 AA American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American sent to one address for one year. $ 6 RUE GeO ee AS Rue le maya THREE THINGS YOU NEED FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage. deep in the ground in metal receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket with bail. Garbage cannot freeze. Avoid the battered can and scattered refuse resulting from removal of frozen contents. Health demands it. cures | Underground Garbage Receiver ERE | Underfloor Refuse Receiver a ‘Underground Earth Closet SECOND: This clean, convenient ff way of disposing of ashes from furnace F or hot water heater, cellar and yard Tefuse, Fireproof, flush with floor Abolish the old ash-barrel. Opens with the Foot No Odor THIRD: It supplies a safe and sanitary §& water supply safe from pollution. It means free- dom from plumbers’ bills and all inconvenience resulting from frozen cesspool connections. S>SAMMARCO, '*ANSELMI, 'MARDONES—and of scores of others, magnificently recorded, most of them not otherwise obtainable, for they are now singing exclusively for the Columbia Phonograph Company. All Columbia Records may be played not only on the Columbia Graphophone or Grafonola, but also on any other disc instrument; and every one of them is guaranteed better than records of any other make, in surface, in tone, and in durability. New catalogs of all the new instruments and records from any Columbia dealer or by mail from this office. COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH CO., Gen’l, Box 249, Tribune Bldg, New York London: Earlsfield, S. W. Che Columbia “’ Grafonola “Nonpareil” $150 = Creators of the Talking-Machine Industry. Pioneers and Leaders in the Talking-Machine Art Owners of the Fundamental Patents. Largest Manufacturers of Talking- Machines in the World. Exclusive selling rights granted to dealers where we are not actively represented. eS — | Br See | Ua OP PP BP ee DO ee SOS re . Ls = ab ‘%e ; : DECEMBER, 1911 MUNN & CO. Inc... Publishers PRICE 25 CENTS Vol. VIII, No. 12 NEW YORK, N. Y. $3.00 A YEAR SSUUUVUUUAUTLTLULLLUUATOAATOARURAARLUEELULEUCUULUUCUUUCOROOOAARAUAAARLECCUUUULLLUOCOUOOTERCLULLELLECELUCLUU ULE __ ByRALPHC. DAVISON hs oh : HIS book describes in detail in a ' ' LINTS INE URNITURE most practical manner the var- ‘a ious methods of casting concrete va GIFTS BEARING THE | FLINT TRADEMARK Attached to every article in our Holiday Exhibit is the Flint Trademark, carrying with it our inviolable guarantee of superior PUUVEUTTVUVPRHATILORARUILLUOHAROUEOAUAUAVUGOTAUUOPEOAOLUOORHVUORAAAPOESSOALOOOTIOOVONIOGN LATA OOSOHONAOTI TAT OTT oe wn) Re REmpertr ne UPA SII Em Meee mettre re Ron TERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE for ornamental and useful pur- poses and covers the entire field of ornamental concrete work. It tells. ' how to make all kinds of concrete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes- tals, concrete benches, concrete fences, etc. Full practical instructions are given for constructing and finishing the differ- ent kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames i istic distinction. = : quality and artistic distinctic = and modeling the center ene into ( ] ive pieces reveal exquisite = form, and casting and finishing the é The least exp aan ena : = various objects. With the information a care in every detail of construction, harmony 2 given in this book any handyman or 4 teil lh ity of decoration— = novicecan make many useful and ornamental objects of cement “} ef ponte re De oe EB BURNI = for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for j attributes of FLINT’S FIN an = granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material, jall reciated by those = and has explained each progressive step in the various operations > Ne eae 2 eee f f d = throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented “3 who desire Holiday Gifts of permanent = with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that Ss value = no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman : = a ae who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt- fi = Our TRADEMARK and SEVENTY = ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process ie = 5 TATION. 4 = throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which y = YEARS’ REP a) ous = is necessary with the former material. The information on color ¥ = GUARANTEE. = work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as . = jposos = there is little known on the subject and there is alarge growing de- . * VON a mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters =) & } ac ta: € = which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work. SS pre L = 5 in i °. h . Selection of ie E sti y iM ql at tl GEO. Cc FLINT 0. = te Pet ee ee W oka ata Mod- OK. Wea Mola Oar een Flower 4 (at : i 5 = a eling the SPneDe Ore Anke Form. Rots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with B » VV aK — ° r Simple ms. . t €Q a) dit 43-47 WEsT 23" ST = IV. Platter atpidatior Objects having X. Concrete Pedestals. § Sy )) s = < Curyee Peers 4 at a pee a Berens, My Y am = inatio - . Concrete Fe . A i CME SY 24-26 WEstT 24° ST. = pepe reat Rea a ga XIII. Misccllapedus, inelading Tools, . = 71. Glue Molds. Wat ofing and Reinforcing. = VME Culecaipenents and Methods Used i OM ga i 4 = for Producing Designs with same. ; ‘: ITT LILTT | TTT OTT TT j= 16 mo. 54x72 inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid i ———— | TANNNNNNNNTTOCTTEOVVEVTAQUUUAAU TTT TUTTE TT This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a- MY bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited 4 possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers ; ; 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK ; 4 EY = é oa The Arts and Decoration. — Portfolio of Color Prints. } A Portfolio of six exquisite paintings by modern masters done into full colors by the latest and best methods of color reproduction. These plates were executed in England, where the art of color reproduction has reached its highest perfec- ; tion. The size of the plates, with border suitable for framing is 12x10 inches. The titles are :— Variations in Violet and Green............. From an Oil Painting by J. M. Whistler Dover-Evening .. <2) 450s Sees see ee eee From the water color by J. Buxton Knight An Upland ‘Roadie see ee eee From the Oil Painting by Paul Dougherty Mme. Lucienne Breval in Carmen.......... From the Oil Painting by Ignacio Zuloga « A Study im Sanguine......°. 2 4,-:6.-2 aor By J. W. Waterhouse, R. A. " Dies Irae? <6 Ss oca5 aces ee ee By Maxfield Parrish ae THE MOST WIDELY CIRCULATED MAGAZINE FOR ART-LOVERS IN THE WORLD aie is the only magazine which adequately deals with the possibilities of decorative art, and which fully illustrates all phases of home decoration. It is read by more architects and home-lovers than any other publication of its kind, because it reflects the present widespread enthusiasm for - beauty in home surroundings. Each number contains one or more articles on distinctive houses having some unique decorative feature, as well as numerous other profusely illustrated articles on the various phases of art which are of essential interest to all lovers of the beautiful. rx Two dollars a year Twenty cents a copy A Special Christmas Offer We shall be glad to send readers of American Homes and Gardens the Portfolio of Color Prints free on receipt of $2.25 for one year's subscription to “* Arts and Decoration”’ and the cost of postage. : $ The number of Portfolios is limited. Mail this to-day : ADAM BUDGE, Inc. 16 East 42d Street New York City ‘ I accept your Christmas offer. Enclosed find $2.25. Please send “ Arts and Decoration’ for one year, and the Portfolio of Color Prints immediately. | December, Ig11 PeOnusiow ay THE WAY TO CET EGGS IN WINTER By E. 1. FARRINGTON T used to be believed that the way to get eggs in winter was to simulate summer conditions by keeping the hens in heated houses, feeding them on hot mashes and pampering them in various other ways. After awhile, it was observed that such hens were out of condition much of the time, and laid few more eggs than those the average farmer kept in a corner of a windy barn and fed corn on the cob. Now the pendulum has swung far in the other direction. Many progressive poultrymen keep their hens in open-front houses the year around and feed them on dry grains only, with results which they claim to be entirely satisfactory. This plan certainly produces much hardier birds. [ewer eggs may be laid, perhaps, than when a little more attention is given the flock, but the difference is so small that it is more than compensated for, no doubt, by the great saving in labor. There is a happy medium for the ama- teur. Very warm houses are unquestion- ably a mistake. Houses with muslin cur- tains at most of the windows are to be preferred to a large expanse of glass. An abundance of fresh air is imperative to preserve the vigor of the flock. Too much is better than too little. The flock should consist of pullets ready to lay in October at the latest, or of hens in their second year. It is seldom profitable to keep hens over two years. lf the pullets do not begin laying before severe cold weather sets in, they may hold off until after the first of the year. There- fore, if the amateur is able to make a selec- tion, he should choose only well-matured birds for his fall flock. The hens should be in the house which they are to occupy for the winter by the time the first eggs begin to appear; if they are moved later, they may stop laying for some time. There should be comfortable perches, enough nests so that there will be no crowding, and the floor of the house should be covered with a litter several inches deep composed of leaves, straw or coarse hay. This litter should be added to from time to time dur- ing the winter as it becomes packed down. WHAT TO FEED. With the housing conditions satisfactory, and a good strain of pure-bred fowls in- stalled, the question of winter eggs will depend mostly upon the feeding. What to feed is a question about which there has been more varying opinions than almost any other pertaining to poultry-keeping. The experiment stations have carefully figured out the right grains for properly balanced rations, but when these rations are set be- fore the hens, they have a way of unbalanc- ing them which is characteristically per- verse, as well as highly exasperating. One hen will carefully pick out all the corn, another all the oats, while a third will search for the kernels of wheat. And thén what has become of the balanced ration, so far as each individual hen is concerned? Many theorists continually inveigh against the feeding of a large proportion of corn. And yet practical poultrymen all over the country are making it half the ration throughout the winter. There are two methods of feeding for the amateur to choose between. If his time is limited, he will do well to use hop- Oni AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LO \ NABISCO Sugar Waters These delightful dessert confec- tions rightly have a place in every | holiday repast. Their fragile goodness and ZY delicate sweetness never fail to please. Their varying flavors comport with any dessert, with ices, fruits or Za 4 | beverages. Nw In ten cent tins Also in twenty-five cent tins C) CHOCOLATE TOKENS—Another dessert con- fection, with an outer covering of rich chocolate. NATIONAL BISCUIT COM PANY Lane’s Trolley q cMITH SONAR * * - Parlor Door Hangers and Track Fitted with superior quality ball bearings of the Annular type. The only Trolley Track adjustable laterally after the equipment has been installed. If the house settles slightly or when door dries out in winter or swells in summer, by this patented feature any binding or scraping of beautiful doors may be entirely prevented. Send for Complete Catalog. 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Lane Trolley Hanger No. 109. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, The Door Hanger Manufacturers ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Poultry, Het amd Live Stork Direrinry A Good Living from Pouliry The High Cost of Living can be Reduced by the PHILO SYSTEM 1600 Eggs, or 160 lbs. of Broilers can be produced in a corner of a garden, 5x6 feet square If we were to tell you that a family of six people could make a good living from six hens you would hardly be- lieve it. Results that have been accomplished by the PHILO SYSTEM in the past would justify this statement. Such results could not be obtained from common poultry or common methods. But the best birds of a NEW BREED, the NEW METHOD of the PHILO SYSTEM in caring for the fowls and the new way of market- ing make it possible to get even better results. This is not theory or guess-work ; it is just what six hens have done in the past, and will do again when handled according to the latest methods and discoveries made by the originator of the PHILO SYSTEM. At his poultry plant in Elmira, a net profit of $25,000.00 from a HALF ACRE OF POULTRY has been made in twelve months where fertile eggs are produced and hatched every day in the year. From 80 to 120 pounds of the very best broilers and roasters have been raised every three months in PHILO SYSTEM coops only 3 by 6 feet in size. Come to Elmira and we will SHOW YOU how such results are accomplished. Let us tell you HOW YOU CAN MAKE $1,000, $2,000 OR $5,000, OR MORE PER YEAR keeping poultry by the PHILO SYSTEM. This can be accomplished because there is no longer any guess-work about raising, keeping or selling poultry. Everything in connection with the work has been reduced to a science and any one who will follow our system can succeed. " Others are succeeding in every state and their experience and success are fully explained in our NEW BOOK entitled “MAKING POULTRY PAY.” It contains ninety-six pages of carefully written and selected matter of immediate and permanent value to every poultry raiser, as well as numerous illustrations. We will mail you this book for ten cents, in money or in stamps, to cover postage, just to show you some facts about the poultry business that you have probably never dreamed of. We also have a NEW PHILO SYSTEM text book three times the size of any former edition. 340 000 PERSONS have already purchased copies of former editions of the text book and ’ have paid $1.00 each for every copy. The new text book tells all about how to do the work to secure such wonderful results. This book, with descriptions of appliances, and a right to make and use them, will be mailed to you postage paid for $1.00. If ordered at once we will mail the two books, “MAKING POULTRY PAY” and the New Edition of the PHILO SYSTEM for only $1.00. THE POULTRY REVIEW This is a monthly publication edited by the originator of the PHILO SYSTEM and an able staff of writers made up of expert and practical poultrymen. This magazine is devoted exclusively to the idea of being immediately helpful to its readers. Every article is prepared and edited with this idea as a prevailing one. On Sept. 1, 1911, it had 105,251 paid-in-advance subscribers and is considered more valuable to the Poultryman than all other poultry papers combined. The price is only $1.00 for one year’s subscription. SPECIAL OFFER Our New Book, “ Making Poultry Pay,’’ 96 pages, 10c. New Enlarged Edition of the “Philo System Book,”’ $1.00 If ordered at once, we will mail the two books for 1.00 E. P. PHILO TOY WHITE FRENCH POODLES ALSO TOY WHITE POMERANIANS ee ee Price Right Pedigreed Stock Send Stamp for Reply Dr. Gustave Rohde Ann Arbor, Mich. RAT Killed by Science D Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c., ANYSZ 3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 VIRUS INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 FRONT ST., NEW YORK . A Shetland Pony oe —isan unceasing source of pleasure. A safe and ideal playmate. Makes the child strong and of robust health. Inexpensive Fto buy and keep. Highest f/ types here. Complete outfits. Entire satisfaction. Write for illustrated catalog. i BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. 7 Markham, Va. Delight the 2331 Lake Street “The Poultry Review”’ (one year) i “Making Poultry Pay,’’ ‘‘Philo System Book,’’ all three post- DAIG ss fON cases Aeon eeee eee ee een ELMIRA, N. Y. Satisfaction Guaranteed ®| For a good WATCH DOG and PRO- TECTOR for yourCOUNTRY HOME or PLAYMATE for the CHILDREN White THE CEDARBROOK KENNELS Amityville, L.I., N. Y. Board your favorite dogs here. They fare best XMAS, GUARD, AUTO AND PIT DOGS A SAFE COMPANION For Your Children or For Yourself A Necessity for your Country Home A GOOD DOG Write to the advertisers in our columns for information about the dogs they handle. If they do not advertise what you want, write “‘ Poultry, Pet and Live Stock De- partment, American Homes and Gardens.” Che Real Estate Mart The Ideal Home Country lies in the wide territory traversed by the Southern Ry. System. From the high lands of the Appalachians, with their dry, healthy climate, to the Piedmont section, with its heavy yielding lands, on to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, where every crop thrives— somewhere in this broad territory you can find a place just suited to your needs and means, Land prices range from $15 to $50 per acre. he first year’s crop often more than returns the purchase price. All grasses, grains, fruits and vegetables known to the temperate zone thrive in the Southeast. Alfalfa grows nearly everywhere—4 to 6 tons per acre not un- common—$15 to $22 per ton paid locally. Apple orchards net $100 to $500 an acre. Truck gardening yields $200 to $400 per acre—everything else in proportion. The Southeast is the farmer’s paradise. e have booklets giving full in- formation of conditions in each Southeastern State. Address M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, Southern Railway, Room 4, Washington, D. C. $ or Estate os (Shore or Inland) Q oO you have been seeking Oo’ Every courtesy and all pains taken to assist in your selection. Laurence Timmons Opposite R. R. Station Telephone 456 Greenwich, Conn. Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens new Advertising Section “The Real Estate Mart’’ Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK | We carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres of land entirely devoted to our business. Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafow], Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches, Orna- mental Ducks and Geese, ete., for private parks and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges, Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer, Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good | healthy stock at right prices. Write us what you want. WENZ & MACKENSEN Proprietors of Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park Dept. “A. H.” _ Bucks County, Yardly, Pa. December, 1911 December, IgII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil pers and dry grains exclusively. He may make his work still easier by purchasing prepared mixtures, the use of which will relieve him of all speculation as to whether he ought to feed more of this grain and less of that. There are mixtures of ground grain to be used in hoppers, and mixtures of whole or cracked grain to be fed in the litter. They cost a little more than grains bought separately, but they offer advan- tages which may offset this slight extra cost in the mind of the poultry-keeper. Hoppers may be relied upon entirely, in which case they need be filled only once or twice a week, but this plan is not one to be recommended. A far better method is to keep a mixture of ground grain in the hoppers and to scatter whole grain in the litter once a day. Then the birds are in- duced to scratch industriously for their liv- ing and will keep in much better condition as a result. That is the natural way for a hen to get her meals. When it can be done, it is even better to scatter grain in the litter very early in the morning and again about two hours before dark, for then the hens are certain to take sufficient exercise, be- sides going to roost with their crops packed with grain. AMOUNT TO FEED. The amount of whole grain fed must be decided upon by the poultry-keeper as he observes conditions. It may be as little as two ounces a day for each hen, and it may be more. The grain should always disappear in the litter and no more should be given than will keep the hens scratching all day. If a prepared mixture is not used, it is well to make the ration half cracked corn, with other grains making up the other half, using wheat, oats, barley and buck- wheat. Little of the last should be used, however, while both wheat and oats should be fed liberally. Much will depend upon the prices of the various grains in the local market. If one kind becomes abnormally high in price, it should naturally be fed sparingly. The cost of producing the eggs is of as much importance as the number laid. With grain fed in this manner once or twice a day, and a hopper of dry mash always before the fowls, amateur poultry- keeping is greatly simplified. If one wants to mix his own dry mash, let him use equal parts of wheat, bran and ground oats, with a very little middlings. In case the birds do not seem to scratch as energetically as they should, a handful of millet may be thrown into the litter. The hens will work hard for the seeds. If a little hemp seed is scattered about they will search for it as long as they can see, but it must not be fed freely, because of its extreme rich- ness. The second method of feeding involves the use of mashes wetted with milk or water. Many poultry-keepers believe that the hens lay more eggs when given a warm mash once a day. Care must be taken, how- ever, that too much is not fed; otherwise the birds will sit around in the cold and become thoroughly chilled. Even when a mash is fed, a little grain should be scat- tered in the litter once a day and only enough mash should be given to partly ap- pease the hunger of the hens. Bran, ground oats, corn meal and mid- dlings in equal parts make a satisfactory mash, especially if mixed up with skim milk. If milk is not to be had, warm water should be used, and the mash should be dry enough so that it will crumble in the hand when squeezed. A soggy mash is an abomination, with all due respect to our grandmothers, who used to feed it ha- PRE Johnson’s T is far from our intention to create I the impression that our stock is high priced. It is, however, exclusive in design, and it is also true that we have had the patronage of the most discrimi- nating and particular people in all parts of the country. The reputation of our furniture has been built upon distinctive features, such as, the simple artistic lines of our de- signs, solid construction, and a variety of custom finishes. Our cottage furniture is especially adapted for both Shore or Country houses where a simple, harmonious and artistic effect is desired, conforming with the sur- roundings, and yet not sacrificing one’s comfort. Shipments are carefully crated, insur- ing safe delivery: NEP, ye Send for’ complete set, of over® “200. illustrations. WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO. MANUFACTURERS 32 Canal Street - - Boston, Mass. A Book of Valuable Ideas for Beautifying the Home E will send you free of charge our “book += Vhe- Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and _ Furniture,’’ two sample bottles of Johnson’s Wood Dye and a sample of Johnson’s Pre- pared Wax. This text book of 50 pages is very attractive—80 illustrations—44 of them in color. The results of our expensive experi- ments are given therein. There is absolutely no similarity between Johnson’s Wood Dye For artistic coloring of all woods in the following Water ‘‘ stains” shades: raise the grain of the we. 12 zich oa: No. 123 Dark Oak And w the soLdinany= stain.” and spirit ‘‘stains’’ wood. Oil ‘‘stains’’ do not sink below the sur- wo. 125 Mission Oat face of the wood or bring out the beauty of No. 110 Bog Oak the grain. Varnish ‘‘stains’’ are not stains at No.129 Dark Mahoceny all. They are merely surface coatings which — Wo.131 Brown Weathered Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak produce a cheap, shiny, No. 132 Green Weathered Oak It penetrates 0.172 Flemish Oat the high ‘lights and brings out the beauty of the wood. painty finish. wo. 121 Moss Green Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye. No. 172 Flemish Oak Prepared Wax No. 122 Forest Green the wood; does not raise the grain; retainS No. 120 Fumed Oak will not scratch or mar. It should be applied with a cloth; dries instantly } —rubbing with a drv cloth gives a velvety protecting finish of great oO beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes. es We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax ~ at our expense. Fill out attached coupon being careful to specify Ss. the shades of dye wanted. We will mail you promptly the co in booklet edition A. H. 12 and samples. Do not pass this page ses until you have mailed the coupon. S. C. JOHNSON & SON Racine, Wis. “The Wood Finishing Authorities’’ AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 EIGHTH CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST L. E. STANHOPE, Architect, CHICAGO Established 1855 L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods Exclusively The only complete line made by any one firm General Offices : Showrooms: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, CHICAGO 111 North Dearborn Street, CHICAGO TRENTON, N. J. DENVER, COLO. BRANCH OFFICES: ST. LOUIS, MO. - - 2210-2212 Pine St. CLEVELAND, OHIO Builders’ Exchange MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 515 Andrus Building WASHINGTON, D. C., 327-328 Bond Building KANSAS CITY, MO., 1204 Scarrett Building OMAHA, NEB. - 1116-1118 Douglas Street SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., Monadnock Building BUFFALO, N. Y. - 67 Manchester Place CINCINNATI, OHIO - - - - 506 Lyric Building Lo 2 eS ew See | The Scientific American Boy 12mo. :: MUNN & CO., Inc., «scentsblshsescficany 361 Broadway, New York T. H.BRooKSECO. CLEVELAN®.0: ee Be FLOOR@SIDEWALK LIGHTS. By A. RUSSELL BOND Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of mis- cellaneous devices, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. bitually. Probably the best time to feed the mash is early in the morning. Then it helps to warm the hens and imparts a cheerful hue to their outlook on life. In that case, grain should be given before bed time. Some poultrymen who follow this practice throw into the pen just what whole corn the hens will clean up before they go to roost. It is well to have the crops filled with a ration which does not digest too rapidly, and it is very important that every hen should have a full crop at roosting time, for the nights are long in mid-winter, so that the feeding period is much shorter than in summer. The plan of feeding mash in this way is well adapted to the family where there are many table scraps, for these scraps may be mixed with the mash to excellent ad- vantage. A good plan is to have a pot on the back of the range all the time and to throw into it all the scraps that come to hand. If kept cooking, they may be fed as needed. When the dry feeding plan is followed, these scraps may be mixed into a mash with wheat bran and given as an extra feeding at noon two or three times a week. The hens will relish it greatly. When making a mash, it is well to put in a few pinches of salt, but red pepper and other condiments should be avoided. MEAT AND GREEN RATIONS. Whatever system of feeding is followed, it is very important that meat and green rations be supplied in addition to the grain. The meat may take the form of beef scraps, green cut bone or scraps of meat from the local butcher shop boiled to shreds. Plucks may often be obtained from the butcher for a few cents and answer the purpose very well. Probably the best meat ration to force egg production is green cut bone, but that en- tails the necessity of owning and operating a bone-cutter. Most amateurs and the ma- jority of professional poultry-keepers rely on beef scraps, which are sold at the poultry supply stores and which will keep a long time, as the water has been removed. Beef scraps are frequently mixed with a mash, but the better plan is to keep them before the birds in hoppers at all times. They will seldom over-eat. If there is considerable meat in the table scraps from the house- hold day by day, it may not be necessary to buy meat in any form. ‘Too much is the reverse of beneficial. One of the best means to start pullets laying when they seem backward in the fall, is to feed them a little raw beef each day for a week or two—hardly more than half a dozen small pieces to a bird at each feeding. The green ration may consist of al- falfa, clover, sprouted grains or vegetables. The vegetables are better used to supple- ment something else than fed to the ex- clusion of the other foods named. Cab- bages and mangels are particularly good vegetables. Either may be spiked to a board so that the hens may feed on it as they like. Sometimes a cabbage is suspended from a string so that the birds have to jump for it, but this is a bad practice if a high jump is required, as such athletic performances are liable to result in a rup- ture. If potatoes are fed, they should be boiled, because of their starchy nature. Any other surplus vegetables may be fed freely. Alfalfa and clover are very desirable. The best plan is to pour boiling water over them and let them stand in a pail for an hour or two to steam. They may be fed dry, however, if in very short lengths. In that case, it is best to have a hopper re- served for them. If a prepared dry mash December, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v is used, it may contain both beef scraps and alfalfa, doing away with the separate purchase of these feeds. Alfalfa meal is sometimes mixed in a wet mash, but it is difficult for the amateur to determine how much to use. Sprouted grain, especially wheat, has much to recommend it. It may be safely said, I think, that nothing is better to pro- mote the early laying of pullets than fresh meat and sprouted wheat. The sprouts are produced by soaking the grain in water for a day and night, after which it is spread out in boxes having holes in the bottom for the water to drain off. The layer of grain should be only three or four inches deep. Each morning and evening the grain should be stirred to prevent matting together, and sprinkled with warm water. A_ blanket thrown over the box will conserve the warmth. If the box is kept in a warm room, only a few days will be required to produce sprouts several inches long, which will be eaten with the keenest relish. It will be understood that wheat or oats sprouted in this way will lose much of their feeding value as grain, but no other green ration will be required. This feeding plan is becoming so popular that boxes are being made for the purpose of sprouting grains. They are arranged in tiers in a frame, so that there will be a constant supply on hand. There is a pan at the bottom to catch the water; and the cost of the complete appa- ratus is low. GRIT-FOOD. Of course, the hens must be given all the grit and oyster shells they need. These things are best kept always before them. ‘Oyster shells alone are not enough, as they are soluble. Sharp grit is necessary, as it is the poultry substitute for teeth. Char- coal is a corrective and it is well to keep it in a hopper where the birds can get it at any time. Eggs are influenced by the rations of the hens. The flavor is affected by the food more than most people realize. At the Con- necticut Experiment Station a number of hens were fed on limburger cheese. When the eggs were broken there was no question as to which hens laid them. Some of these eggs strayed to the president’s table through an oversight, and—but that is another story. KEEPING RUGS IN REPAIR By MIRA EDSON (| Bere there is a fairly large industry which has engaged in it numerous work- ers concerned with the mere mending of rugs alone, not everyone realizes. Yet nearly every large house which deals in rugs has a department for repairing them, and one, two or more persons who spend upon this work their entire time. This refers, of course, to the care given to Orien- tal rugs, which have sufficient beauty and worth to make this desirable. Careful and skillful mending can often recover a rug which otherwise would be beyond use. It is given back to its owner almost, if not quite, as good as when it was bought, and its continued life, to an indefinite length, becomes almost a matter of the care be- stowed upon it. In the menders a certain degree of skill is necessary, and a good color sense is im- portant in order to select the exact tone of color in the new wool and to appreciate the position it is to occupy with other colors in the pattern. Some general knowledge of the rugs which come under their hands is also most important, and the work is usually done by men from the East, who possess this knowledge already, as if by inheritance. Buy Oriental Rugs of Known Merit Expert Knowledge Personal Selection Buying Organization in the East Genuine Antiques Choice Modern Pieces Moderate Prices Bureau of Selection for Out of Town Patrons Special Offerings GIFT BOOK FREE Our new book “Gifts from the Far East,” illustrating more than 200 moderately priced articles, suitable for gifts, will be sent free ‘on request. Edition limited. OUR XMAS GIFT TO YOU A New Book of Photographs and Plans of Distinctive Houses This book, ‘Inexpensive Homes of Individuality,”” contains Comparatively few Americans have an expert knowledge of Orientals. The materials used, the number of threads to the inch, the weave, the pattern, the dye, all enter into the question of quality. You should either have the advice of an expert or buy from a house of unquestioned reputation. This has become particu- larly true as the finer pieces have been taken out of the market— with the resulting abuses of imitation and substitution. Vantine’s was one of the first to bring the choice weaves of Eastern countries to the United States, and has been distinguished for absolute reliability for over half a century. Buying tours year after year by a member of the firm, com- bined with a permanent organization in the East, maintained to take advantage of the “‘finds”’ of native collectors, and the choicest offerings of modern weaves, have resulted in a stock of both genuine antiques and selected modern pieces, which can be unreservedly recommended. The actual advantages had in buying and the direct importation of such quantities make it possible to give price advantages to Vantine patrons. Quality considered, the prices of Vantine rugs are most moderate. For the benefit of out of town patrons, we have developed a Bureau of Selection, which has proven very successful. If the dominating colors of the room, approximate size of the rugs and prices are given, we will make a choice and send for approval in your home. We urge a trial of this Bureau for orders of any size. A good rug when chosen with regard to its fitness for its special place never becomes tiresome. At this time, we are making some special offerings at less than regular prices. These are listed in a folder, which we will mail on request. Address Desk “ K.”’ i 2 6 Oriental Drapery and Wall Fabrics, Dress Silks, Japanese The Oriental Store. Screens, Fans, Kimonos, Broadway, bet. 18th and 19th Sts. New York City Also Boston and Philadelphia Carved Ivories and Bronzes. 8, m3 Christmas Catalog is Ready Wonderful Christmas merchan- dise, and 1000 toys and games. Let the kiddies see the pic- i 64 pages and 108 photographs and floor plans of the most distinctive houses of moderate cost in the country. All the illustrations are of houses that have actually been built and are reproductions in detail of interiors and exteriors teeming with suggestions for the home owner or prospective builder. It offers an exceptional opportunity of studying in detail some of the best designed houses of the various architectural types built today. It is artistically printed on the best stock, bound into an art cover and sellsfor 25c. Wegive you this book FREE. TO INTRODUCE HOUSE & GARDEN. The magazine for the man or woman who wants to make the most of the home whether there is little or much to spend. House & Garden brings you into homes whose owners have planned them with wonderful ingenuity and individual taste, it shows distinctive decorative effects, portrays successful gardens and beautiful landscape results and, best of all, tells you just how # to secure each one of these things. while a profusion of actual photographs aid in planning the many details that insure a home of individuality. On mention of American Homes and Gardens andreceipt of 25c we will send you, postage paid, the big Christmas Number of House & Garden and ‘Inexpensive Homes of Individuality’’ FREE. McBRIDE, NAST & CO., 31 East 17th Street, N. Y. tures and you'11 know instantly what will please them most. Over 50 pages of our General Winter Catalog are devoted to Christmas suggestions. Askfor THAR, WOO Both are free cn request. "Send tt Write us today: Christmas Catalog No. 101. JOHN WANAMAKER, New York vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 Stained with Cabol's Shingle Stains Aymar Embury If. Architect, Englewood, N. J. 50° cheaper than Paint 50°> cheaper to apply 100° handsomer than Paint This ts only a part of what you gain by using Cabot’s ShingleStains They are made of creosote, and thoroughly preserve the wood, Your own men can put them on, or you can do it yourself, if you are back where there are no painters. They give soft, transparent coloring effects, that harmonize per- fectly with nature. ey are used on all exterior woodwork, shingles, siding, clapboards, or boarding, The original Creosote, genuine wood-preserving Stains. You can get Cabol’s Stains all over the country. Send for free samples on wood and name of nearest agent SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manfg. Chemists 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. Mammy PEIREAD pe oer cwool PORT me and or camel's hair, TH READ | THRUM in any widthup to ase | RUGS 16 FEET TH RU M and in any length, color or combin- RUGS | ation of colors. 65 regular shades —any other shading made to match. Send for color card and name of nearest dealer. Thread & Thrum Work Shop Auburn, N. Y. “*vYou choose the colors, we'll make the rug."* The Schilling Press Job PRINTERS _Fine Book Art and Ris Press Catalog Work Work A Specialty 137-139 E. 25th St., New York Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE & STABLE WORK OIST HANGERS AWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. CLEVELAND, OHIO FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock Mace end Log assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. Soe Manuracturers ..1. NEW HAVEN, CONN. They must know the various kinds of rugs, that they may know the knots appropriate and be able to use them with intelligence and fitness. A rare deftness of handling is required, as the stitches or knots are set very closely together—in the original loom they were beaten into place. In the tightly en- closed space which is left when the spoiled part of the rug is removed, it seems won- derful that this can be filled in at all, and especially in the finer rugs, where there are sometimes as many as several hundred knots within a square inch. For this purpose the yarn is threaded through a needle, as is originally done in making the rug in the Eastern way upon the simple hand loom used. By means of pushing the needle through, without other aids, the stitch is ac- complished, even when they come to the last one, for which there seems too little room to make it possible. The men sit picturesquely and comfort- ably among the rugs and handle them and speak of them with a familiar and affection- ate knowledge. Wools of every delightful color imaginable hang up within convenient reach, and these, it is claimed, are brought over from the Orient ; dyed there with vege- table dyes, in the old accepted manner. Whether altogether and always so, the mat- ter of the color of the wools is a very im- portant one if the mending is to be of permanent value, and there must be great care taken, of necessity, to secure fine col- ors which will not fade out otherwise than as reckoned upon, and so spoil the work, however skillfully the rest of it may have been done. In the wools which hang in sight we preceive varieties of tones which may be the equivalents of those to be seen in the rugs which are waiting to be mended or are undergoing the process. Here is one which has lain in a wrinkle until this became a habit and until a crease was made, so that the wools along that line are completely worn off down to the warp. The stitches or knots missing must each be patiently supplied, each in its own place, and with its own color tint, until the whole is once more covered and appears as good as new, the parts of the pattern matching perfectly. Another rug which lies near has heen the victim of an accident and has a large ink spot upon it. They explain to you that from the back each stitch is picked out, one at a time. As you are on the point of wondering how they shall even keep the pattern intact, whether they can do it in their mind alone, whether they make a sketch of the forms and select the colors in advance, whether they make a water-color sketch (which you cannot believe they do, being too clever to waste time thus), they inform you that in order to save the form of the pattern they pull out only one knot at a time, replacing these as they go along. This comes as a veritable pleasure—this simple solution. First all the outline color is removed, probably black. When each of these minute knots has been restored and the outline is thus secured, one of the colors used is treated in the same way until all of this color is replaced; and so on with all of the tones, matching each carefully in turn. By this means the pattern is kept in an easy and sure way, and each tint and shade is given due consideration, so that, when com- plete, the design appears complete and ap- parently as perfect as when originally made. Another rug—rather small. but a hand- some one, having a fine luminous sheen— has been eaten by moths; a bit here, a few shreds there, until the whole would seem to ordinary view quite hopeless. Each tiny spot, however, has been cared for, carefully (Continued on page viii) ORIENTAL RUGS Rugs of distinction in un- usual sizes to meet decor- ative needs. Artistic rugs for holiday gifts—moderate cost. KENT-COSTIK YAN INCORPORATED 8 West 38th Street New York City Quaint Lavender Bags Lavender bags, three choice little bags, filled with il\| this year’s imported laven- | der. Three Gifts in Sent, postpaid, 50 cents. Pohlson’s Gift Shop Pawtucket, R. I. A Beautiful Illustrated Book- let, ‘“‘ WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon re- ti é ; Any Latitude quest. Estimates furnished. E. B. MEYROWITZ, 106 East 23d St., New York Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris FRANCIS HOWARD 5 W. 28th St.. N, Y.C. Entrances Benches. Pedestals, Fonts, Vases, Busts. GARDEN EXPERTS Send 15c. for Booklet use “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting “(It makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for “‘Economy Way”’ Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. “Economy ” Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous > ae SEAM ROOF TRONS CLINCH right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED December, 1911 = wl ff By Ze = = = ———— G Fay ds nal G rN: pe ees THE JANUARY AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HE New Year’s issue of this magazine will inaugurate its ninth volume, and will be as finely illustrated as any issue which has preceded it. This issue will include an article on a Colonial house of distinction, illustrated by plans and reproductions of photography, and Miss Esther Single- ton’s article, previously announced, on the subject of “Fur- nishing a House for $1,000,” together with photographs of the house and its furnishings. The subject of choosing the house hardware—metal fixtures—will be discussed by one of our foremost architects, and an authority on lighting fixtures will contribute an illustrated description of the best things in this line. Some new ideas in wall-papers will be illustrated and described by another writer. Mr. Harold V. Bowen will write upon antiques as house furnishings, and there will be a double-page illustrated feature of unusual interest and value in this number, which will include in its garden arti- cles one on Evergreens for indoors, which will treat of a subject about which almost nothing has been written be- fore, although Evergreens for indoor culture form one of the most important divisions of plant life adapted to indoor gardening. Mr. Robert M. Gow, Secretary of the American Jersey Cattle Club, will contribute an ade- quately illustrated article on the subject of “The Family Cow.” The Editor believes this is the first time a practical article of just this sort will have been presented to readers interested in the problem of the home milk supply. In addition to the departments—Around the Garden, Within the House, and Helps to the Housewife (which last con- tains a discussion of one of the most interesting home matters, by Elizabeth Atwood)—the January issue of the magazine will present many features fully worth attention. This number will give especial attention to the whole field of the subject of house furnishings. HELPING MR. SANTA CLAUS HERE is always one consolation when the rush of the holiday season is on, and the ninety-ninth moment finds the distracted Christmas shopper wondering what on earth to give husband, wife, mother, father, sister, brother, or friend for Christmas—that consolation is the fact that a year’s subscription to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ought to be a solution for any quandary of the sort where the recipient of the gift-to-be holds any interest in home- making. A word to the wise being sufficient, it is probable that AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS will come to find its way into as many Christmas stockings this year as it did last, and that will mean a pretty large increase in the number of readers that form its circle. A COMPLIMENT NE of the citizens of Cooperstown, N. Y., has writ- ten the Editor an interesting letter containing the in- formation that the committee of the Village Improvement Society of Cooperstown offered a prize for the ten best- kept lawns and premises for the summer of 1911. This AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil ANCTUUR MUTTON A Ce competition has just been brought to a close and the prizes awarded were yearly subscriptions to AMERICAN HOoMEs AND GARDENS. As this selection of prizes was entirely without suggestion upon the part of the magazine, the Editor cannot but feel that it is another mark of approval of the work which is being undertaken by this magazine. We are much obliged to the citizens of Cooperstown for their kindly interest, and we believe we have deserved it. We may say, without any conceit, we have every reason to believe we shall maintain the standard set by our endeavors in this field of homemaking journalism. MODEL ROOMS IN MINIATURE HE National Arts Club, of New York, recently held an exhibition of Color Schemes and Model Rooms in Mini- ature, designed as object lessons to children in demonstrat- ing the possibility of good taste in home decoration at little expense. The exhibition consisted of abstract color arrange- ments, of color schemes for rooms, of water colors, and model rooms in miniature of different types and periods, prepared by the teachers of home economics in the public schools of. New York as an exhibition of their work in relation to the use of color in household arts. The minia- ture rooms shown proved conclusively the great value of such teaching in our schools, and other cities should follow the example of the practical teaching of New York in this respect. THE FURNITUREZAND£DECORATIVE ART EXPOSITION HERE will be an interesting exhibition held in New York for ten days commencing on January 12. This is to be the initial Furniture and Decorative Art Exposition, a project supported by a committee consisting of John W. Alexander, President of the School Art League; Frank Aloah Parsons, Vice-President of the New York School of Applied Design; Le Mont A. Warner, Professor of House- hold Fine Arts at Columbia University; William Sloane Coffin, President of the Department of Architecture, Brook- lyn Institute of Arts and Sciences; James Parton Haney, Vice-President of the School Art League; Edward P. Sperry, Director of the New York School of Applied De- sign for Women, and Eugene Pitou, Jr., Secretary of the Municipal Art Society. Industrial art as applied to interior decoration will form the groundwork of the exhibition, in connection with which arrangements are being made for loan exhibitions of various groups of furnishings, historical and otherwise. Aside from the Arts and Crafts Expositions which have been held in America, from time to time, we have not had anything planned of so comprehensive a nature, and this exposition will be sure to make a strong appeal to every homemaker. HE Editor wishes to correct an error which crept into the attribution to an article in the November number and in the table of contents. “‘Trays Worth Having,” by Lydia Le Baron Walker, was in both instances, through an oversight, credited to Lydia Le Baron Westcott. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 191! { & i os he aa 6) ee he) j ‘a SS GRR GAD A PS Game Gas Se ee cae, cae C0 eT ED) 20) ET Clinton Wire Lath is Unsurpassed ae , J Eee] Pirie) lt ile le : Por Vstul-| Peed BRSRSeAMAERR ANS | i sioilik ach aia Cina aa Leena. Site B et Renae eae mPa P@“"Ta Baa! SY \a ane) "2 OE —— == {SS aR Seeees —~ i for use in exterior as well as interior plaster work. A wire mesh made up of drawn steel wire of high quality, galvanized after weaving, and provided with our famous V-stiffeners affords the ideal material for supporting stucco. Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the plaster eliminates all danger of cracking. In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its durability. ty al tt tl ted || maa 4 ae OTH CO. - eee TT rt ttt) 8 Be a lee oak

  • pa go it — atone ea AMERICAN : HOMES AND: GARDENS g 1118 ae CONC ENaS POR DECEMBER, 19 1-1 I [LOVETT GUAIRIDISINT 6ofng toon) i5 “ns 1s Seu U IMEI IE SSO Ct kg A EM eo Frontispiece THE GARDEN oF DupDLeEy OLcott, Esa., ar Morristown, NEw JERSEY. .By Mira Edson 423 fm leh OU AUI ES 1et IVILAIR IN Sit tier seat sa Suse ied eel capi le. Sota By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 427 ORIENTAL RUGSAND FLOW TOMSELECT IMHEM: a.05 5. Nog. By George Leland Hunter 432 ORS EIR IGN GASH GiRIEINS searecs cere veny oes eons Sate lich os BIR eee et ails By Thornton W’. Burgess 437 PUNE GLH le Riven airy eA Ghee wat eteet nae sce MeN RAN Is mac tn, Sie, aerate Suatle auate ey Beate ets, Sud de 438-439 INO RANE ES HOR PO OsslyAG Egor jo viratiie ako eat ola g ies DOM Seg SN a By Mary H. Northend 440 ‘TSHIB & CSW RTISTRNTIANS SSN OSS: uss oc Reticle are aha eaRG A cnr ose ea POR By Florence Beckwith 443 MAB ERINGs SWE NDYORUYE SAEING es cate. Ae hee oa ects ee oy Wi kets st By E. I. Farrington 445 WITHIN THE House—On Good Taste in InteriorDecoration. .By Harry Martin Yeomans 448 SOMEDEMUNG INE WINS GHRISTMAS= © AKES e060. 0. fr Si dnebon te adie | By Gunther von Helmuth 450 SEEN CHING USm UR CEIE INE DINE ae airs Aye eschew ol n less She ee oes. 6 BI iY dl Jeong ust AROUND THE GARDEN: December in Our Gardens—The American Holly—An Attractive Weather - Vane— Rlonse-ElantsmrormonadeGmVuindOwsy) 05 yeti ete ais vs Atices Seok aeeca eee 8 452 HELPs TO THE HOUSEWIFE: Subsstutessiorthne klum Puddinge ea. 8.264 a ee eee twee By Mary W. Mount 454 blowavon Mianagesthe sitchen! StOVels. 5 3 5.05. 28) % By Phebe Westcott Humphreys 456 The Way to Get Eggs in Winter. New Books. The Editor’s Notebook. CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH President M UN N & CO. ; Inc. Secretary and Treasurer Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries, $4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens” and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year. Dw OSS Copyright 1911 by Munn & Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1911. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘““American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itselr responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitte fsioocadpocen ta [O)] fs} cccedpoooo fey SEE) OIC PS pl feocoog 000 ay if nO je 4 a 9) Photograph by Alman & Co. THE GARDEN OF DUDLEY OLCOTT, ESQ., AT MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY This lovely garden, some six acres in extent, of which one catches a glimpse from the pergola shown here, is one of the most 8 . . . . . . . . . perfect gardens in America, and pleasantly reminding one of the charm of a European garden, but with a distinction of its own AMERICAN OMES AND GARDEN The Garden of Dudley Olcott, Esg., at Morristown, New Jersey By Mira Edson Photographs by Alman & Co. SoaG)|L1E life of mankind, beginning in a garden, ~e—y/44|| has always been pictured as dwelling there in its happy moments. All imaginative ideals of life include a garden as their setting; all nations have embodied the dream of a gar- den in their literature and poetry, and in most minds the thought of the possession of a garden has been as the acme of all life’s outer gifts—a symbol of plenty and of joy. The love of gardens and the making of them, which we find increases always as conditions become more full of leisure, is not a fad or a fashion, but a very real human \ ee Ie / : Ay ey he Be Ass one wanders through the luxuriantly pl desire; and, like everything else that is human and of any importance, has existed since the beginning of man’s activity on earth—even earlier, if we are to accept Sir Thomas Browne’s biblical inference. We remember Babylon first of all as the home of the wonderful “hanging gardens,” even before the palaces and deeds of kings come to mind; Persia, China and all the East have known gardens which were not only beautiful in form and color, revelling in trees and flowers, as we understand it, but full beside of definite meanings as their art of whatever kind is—the garden itself being a symbol of the universe, and as such containing emblems of Life, Death, and Immortality. Of the English anted borders of this garden, by broad paths of attractively arranged bricks, there is felt the sense of pleasant seclusion that a private garden should always evoke. It is a notable example of what can be done in America 4 é c= lt ‘ . There is a spacious breadth in the design of this garden, gardens and the care given them in the sixteenth century, Sir Thomas More speaks. Of the gardens of Italy, with their formal beauty, which shows the blending of human plan with nature’s wealth of material, give, perhaps, the nearest approach the West has to that peculiar beauty born of mys- fh J : ~, S . pues k pp ae } ae i J 2» ‘ % » f f ~ s \ ‘g 4 ron es % hs. ig ff ~ eee a \ \ ’ A Ny % . & f nef Be 3 } \ ee é : / af sp t 6 = 4 s a \ ~~ } j , 4 ey Se SR \ ; ; a fd ! ae ' 4 ad if of { {fe | | : i i Z 4 pe ) * The MAZ Pie SE ‘The ground plan and key to the ingenious maze in the Olcott garden AMERICAN HOMES ee fom the cramped feeli AND GARDENS December, 1911 ng imposed by many other gardens less agreeably designed ticism and symbol which belong invariably to the East. And to the creative mind there is another joy attached to the garden, which lies in the very making of it, and is that which the artist in any department must feel. Here is created something new, which has brought, as one may say, something out of nothing, and which shows the beauty it is possible to obtain by arranging according to human plan such materials as nature abundantly furnishes. The ma- terials of the artist or the amateur are in this case trees, flowers, spaces of lawn, or masses of shrubs. These are the materials of which gardens are made, and those who have planned even a small flower bed, in such a spirit, have felt in some degree the peculiar pleasure which can come to the artist in them. The greatest number and variety of ma- terials and the widest range of problems are offered to the landscape architect to bring into harmony, for these are not limited to growing things alone, but include masonry, the making of roads and paths, the setting of objets d’art, and even the erection of pergolas and buildings and the making of pools. The illustrations accompanying this article show all of these, and are all from one enclosure. The planning of a large garden, indeed, calls into requisition a knowledge of many arts and sciences, and besides these a practical experience which can foretell growth and anticipate results which are not only to be immediate, but also for years in the future. For the peculiarity of this art is that we must wait long for the realization of plans, which necessitates hope and patience on the part of the owner as well as, in a high degree, in the one who made the plans and can see imaginatively what they represent. It is years after, as a rule, before the full beauty of a garden can be apprehended December, 1911 by the eye of the casual visitor in the manner in which the architect saw it at the beginning, and toward which all de- velopment has been gradually led. In the garden which our illustrations show the develop- ment has been made complete. They are taken from that of Mr. Dudley Olcott, and are to be found at Morristown, New Jersey. It occupies about six acres and consists of a central court in which is a pool and flower garden about which other parts are grouped, the whole designed by Mr. Ferruccio Vitale, of New York. Here may be seen a com- bination of formal and informal elements which is most pleasing. The sense of plan is evident; the relation of parts of the garden and grounds to each other and to the whole admirably carried out. These parts, with each detail complete in itself, yet leading one on in a delightful way, should be noted, and the relation of the house to the cen- tral flower garden. The arrangement and setting of the whole can be seen in the plan of the entire estate. It pre- sents the idea well that these parts constitute a harmonious entity and that they produce a dwelling-place and not, after all, either a mere show-place nor yet the product of unaided nature. With this there is a freedom of detail which can give the suggestion, here and there, of being in another and a fairy world, yet with all adapted primarily to pleasant and comfortable living. The house, as an important part of this, more or less dominates the layout. Opposite, at the farther end of the pool which lies before it, stands a tea-house. From this one may pass beyond, out of the central garden, and find one’s-self before the entrance of a maze. ‘The place of this maze can be seen in the complete plan. A plan of a ae o>, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Plan of the estate of Dudley Olcott, Esq., showing location of garden the maze itself is shown on page 424, and a copy of this might safely be kept in the pocket of anyone who would essay the entrance. On either side of the tea-house are curving pergolas leading to lychgates on either side of the enclosure, through which one may pass to other parts of the From the broad terrace at the side of this attractive house one descends by a very imposing flight of steps into the garden to the fountain-pool 3 } 5, ‘| ‘¢ b3 The architectural features of the Olcott garden are one of its principal grounds. The interest of the whole is focused, as we have seen, in the central flower garden with its pool, and for this the choicest details are reserved. As one passes outward the intensely human interest de- creases until, at the outer portions of the whole, we find masses of trees and shrubs guarding the parts within. The house is most attractive and homelike in its suggestion and graces well the position it occupies. In the illustration on page 425 we see it from the lower end of the flower garden, a little to one side of the middle and looking up the left- hand path which borders the pool. This walk is bordered by a luxuriance of plant life. At the farther end of the path this wealth of floral growth becomes more restrained and formal as it approaches the house with its steps and walls and accompanying vases. The frontispiece presents another view of the house and its placement and shows even more plainly the delightful freedom in the planting of the borders. The pool, shown in the illustration on page 425, forms a strong contrast to the formality of the other end near the house, and serves to emphasize the charm of each by this contrast. ‘The playing fountain and the lychgates and pergolas of this garden keep before one the fact that it is intentionally planned for use and enjoyment. The tea-house is shown on this page at a nearer range, and the view of distant foliage which is caught through the pillars increases the effect of a happy seclusion. We are made but the more content with the quiet of the spot because of this view of the distance beyond, a glimpse of which can be caught between the columns, while the curving form given to the pergolas increases still further the effect of safety and repose. The contrast with the woody dis- tance is emphasized, too, by the introduction of formal AMERICAN HOMES AND December, Ig911 GARDENS fags and £ charms, always appropriate in design never in the least obtrusive ornament, which takes the form of a large central marble bird-bath, set upon a circle of green, and by two large gar- den vases which stand at the top of the small flight of steps leading into the flower garden at a slightly lower level. These examples of man’s art, beside their direct decorative value, give one a fuller sense of the garden’s seclusion and of its having had all prepared carefully in advance. In this spot one could dream on indefinitely. Even the contempla- tion of a black and white representation of such a garden can touch the imagination, although color and air and sun- shine must be supplied mentally to the plan. How dear such a garden would become to those privileged to frequent it one may easily guess, and one feels assured that all petti- nesses, of whatever sort, must here, of necessity, fold their tent and depart silently, unable to remain in the atmosphere of such harmony. The garden-spirit belongs to no one land or time and the interest in gardens but grows instead of lessening as man becomes more intelligent and culture advances. They are in some sort a proof of widening mentality. The greatest infliction of loss and pain to the human race has been typi- fied to mankind in the losing of its Eden, its paradise, its garden. The ideal of all blessedness, on the other hand, has been presented, whether in religious figure or in poet’s dream, as in a marvelously beautiful garden. It has always been, and always must remain one of the brightest realities of life, and an appropriate setting to every poet’s dream. Innocent gaiety pictures itself to us in a garden; youthful love finds its fitting surroundings there, and for a peaceful era of contemplative happiness and the growing reticence of old age, we can think of no more suitable and Jovely a setting to the home we should love, than its garden. December, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 427 The house at St. Martins, the home of Mr. Paul Crompton, faces away from the roadway in order that the front may command the lovely view of the surrounding country, an arrangement that homebuilders having similar sites might do well to bear in mind A House at St. Martins An American House of Distinction in One of Philadelphia’s Most Attractive Suburbs By Harold Donaldson Eberlein Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and T. C. Turner ITH a patron saint to keep watch and ward and drive away all evil sprites, the house before us ought to be a place good to live in, even if its material charms were less than they are. St. Martin, the patron saint of the neighborhood, instead of lingering about the church hard by that bears his name, has favored this house and taken up his permanent and visible abode on the eastern chimney, where the white background well sets off his coppery complexion. Approaching from the north, south or east, he is the very first thing to catch the eye and his presence confers up- on the house a distinguished individuality. It was a pret- ty conceit, and appropriate, to fix him there, cut out of sheet copper, caught at the one supreme moment of his life, performing the act that entitled him to canonization, or rather, the act that evi- denced his fitness for saint- hood—dividing his military cloak with his sword to give away a half in charity. Some undiscriminating folk have mistaken him for an imp— perish the thought !—others have waxed facetiously in- One of the most inviting entrance doorways of the house at St. Martins genious at times at good St. Martins expense, all of which, however, only shows how strikingly he marks the spot so that none may pass unheeding. The site at the corner of St. Martins and Hartwell Lanes, near Philadelphia, would not have proved unusually attractive unless it had received the most careful treat- ment. To begin with, the lot, 130 feet by 240, was not large, as suburban places go, and yet it was necessary to put thereon a house of goodly proportions, designed by Messrs. Duhring, Okie and Ziegler, of Philadelphia—a house whose Long Island proto- type stands in extensive grounds—and at the same time it had to be kept from looking out of scale to the premises. This result was gained by breaking the mass into three sections—the main portion of the house and the two wings, the eastern or kitchen wing of two stories and the western or living- room wing of three, there being enough difference be- tween the roof levels to avoid the effect of extreme length. The dropping of the living-room windows agree- ‘ > oa te 2 re: 5 an é ie * The Broadecards side of the house AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS at St. Martins is one of its most attractive features. December, IgI1 A picturesque and well-placed garden-pool enhances the effect of the well-ordered planting that characterizes the good taste everywhere evident about the grounds that surround the house ably diversifies the line of fenestration for the first floor, while the lowering of the wing to suit the lay of the land, which falls away toward the west, shows a rational com- pliance with the natural conformation of the ground and also gives the living-room a height proportionate to its size. Toward the rear of the lot, overlooking the golf links of the Philadelphia Cricket Club, is the most desirable view and it was therefore the logical thing to front the most used rooms where the windows would command the pleas- antest outlook. It was doubly desirable, too, to have the chief living-rooms and the porch on this side because of the southwestern exposure with its winter sun and its pre- vailing summer breeze. Moreover, being away from the road, there is greater privacy. Another feature we must not pass without notice is the hedge along the lane north of the house. It is worth mentioning, both for its own sake and also because its reten- tion is so characteristic of the spirit that makes the most of the things ready at hand instead of seeking farther afield for things artificial. Before the house was built, a narrow strip of wild cherry and dogwood thicket, with a tangled mat of weeds and poison ivy intertwined, bor- dered the land. The weeds and poison vines were grubbed up, the leafy rubbish was cleared away, and lo, there was a hedge already grown, wild indeed, but full of compen- sating charm that proved how sensible it was to save it instead of setting out a new plantation all stiff and prim. We ought to have more wild hedges as an occasional refuge from the wearisome precision of shear-wrought ex- actitude. Well-clipped hedges have their very proper place, to be sure, but one does long for a bit of natural irregu- larity now and then. Besides, a wild hedge has so much body to it and gives an appreciable degree of protection and privacy and doesn’t look as though it had been bor- rowed from the children’s Noah’s Ark outfit and as though Mr. and Mrs. Noah, with very square shoulders and very round hats and perched on round bases, ought to be some- where about, peering over the top at you with their fat, wooden smile. Then, too, what a joy is such a hedge in blossom time, with its riotous profusion of fleecy white! Again, in the fall, it puts on gay attire, the coppery red of the leaves pied with the scarlet flame of the Dogberries. Surely these recurring visitations of color are worth making some sacrifice for, particularly if the sacrifice means giving up only a bit of stiffness. Reference has already been made to the harmonious dis- tribution of the mass of the house to suit the fall of the ground and to avoid seeming too large for the lot. Chim- neys built out beyond the wall line pleasingly break up the mural spaces, while the full-bodied stack from the living- room fireplace emphasizes the rightful position of the hearth as the true center of the family’s life. The service end of the house may be said to have a conveniently disappearing guality; it does not obtrude itself at all, your attention would never be unpleasantly attracted thither, and yet there is plenty of it—it takes up the lower part of one whole wing—with ample accommodation for all purposes. Coy- ering the entire western face of the living-room wing is a two-story porch, incorporated within the lines of the house, the gable end supported on four pillars. On the level of the third floor, within that part of the gable directly over the porch, is a commodious trunkroom. On the south or December, 1911 Nurseey Room A 18-0 22°C Lauapey YAgD KircHen yee Ize Fiest Fvroor PLAN Floor-plans of the three stories of the house at St. Martins garden front a third wing juts out from the main portion of the house at right angles, making a part of the dining- room downstairs and a bedroom above. The observer cannot help being struck by the unusual appearance of the wall texture and wondering how it was produced. At first glance the house seems to be roughcast and yet, on closer inspection, the underlying stones and mortar joints are easily discernible. This is the way it was done. Rubble walls of rough native stone were built with as little projection as possible on the exposed face of the individual stones. ‘Then, instead of pointing, coarse mortar was slashed on broadly in a dashing manner and further roughened by drawing the edge of the trowel up- ward instead of sidewise or downward with a more smooth- ing stroke. As a result the walls present a nearly flat sur- face, the sides of the stones plainly showing through the surrounding flood of mortar. After the walls were dry a coat of whitewash was applied. This sounds complex, but is really simple and gives a remarkably pleasing, mellow texture. [he roughness absorbs so much light that there is not the usual glare from a white wall. Dark green shut- ters and copper rain-water heads and pipes stand out in strong relief against this background, affording welcome variety and contrast. Viewed from whatever point the roof line shows a decorous repose. From the north or south fronts we see three Jong ridges, that of the central portion of the house slightly higher than those of the wings. At the eastern and western ends the gables of the wings display the same pitch as the gable of the main roof and preserve the simple harmony of parallel lines. Although dormers break the slope of the roof, they are so disposed that the feeling of tranquillity is not lost while, at the same time, all of the third floor is rendered light and usable. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 429 On all four sides the arrangement of the fenestration is singularly felicitous. It is not only full of life and pleas- ant to look upon, with its orderly spacing, but entirely ade- quate and satisfactory regarding interior lighting. The numerous small, square panes make the windows appear to cover a much larger space than they actually do and give the house a remarkably wide-awake countenance. The pro- portions of the windows are especially good and worthily reflect the grace of the early Colonial model they were fashioned after. In the middle of the south front the triple window that lights the stairway is set beneath a flat- tened arch whose countersunk tympanum is filled in with masonry. ‘This bit of low relief is effective and, in the sim- plest way imaginable, satisfies the want of a scrap of adorn- ment to break an expanse of wall surface that would other- wise seem harsh and bare. A trellis, whose slats stand out from the wall horizontally, rests on brackets beneath the triple window and makes a framework for a porchlike canopy of vines over the south door and the small-paned French casement, both of which open on the brick-paved terrace, while another larger trellis, flat against the wall between the living-room windows, runs from the ground to the eaves. The leaded half-length side lights and fanlight of the north door are contrastingly replaced at the south by full-length side lights of ample width, filled with small, square panes. _ Entering the north door we find ourselves opposite a graceful staircase ascending to the second floor by two flights connected by a long landing under the triple win- dow already mentioned. An old house, about to be torn > SSeS patron saint in the act of dividing his military cloak with his sword in order to give half of it away in charity to a shivering soul, commemorates the legend by its place on the chimney and is one of the unique features of the place ‘The effigy, in silhouette, of the neighborhood’s AMERICAN 430 na i ‘Lhe front of the house at St. Martins, with its commodious upper and lower pillared porch, suggests architecture of the Southern plantation type down, supplied this part of the fabric. The practice of despoiling old houses of their woodwork, or of anything else they may contain, cannot be too heartily deprecated or too severely condemned but, when a building is actually in the hands of the wreckers, it is surely the part of wisdom to save the good things. ‘To the right, a wide doorway opens into the reception-room—a business-like apartment, quite large enough for seeing such folk as one does not wish to urge to prolong their visits. From the reception-room a door admits to the library, whose big southern windows look out upon the garden. One commendable feature about the library is that it can be shut off entirely from the rest of the house and guarded against intrusion—likewise the onslaught of well-meaning, but misguided housemaids, in whose eyes books and papers are fair game for duster and besom rather than the things that really do need cleaning. Passing on through the reception-room as an antecham- ber we go through a wide, generous doorway, down three low steps, into the living-room—the very heart and center of the family life and, as it should be, the pleasantest place in the house. The delicately spindled bannisters at the side of these steps make one of the most characteristic touches of an uncommonly interesting room. ‘The mere act of de- scending into the atmosphere of genial cheer gives one the feeling of settling down into a comfortable family nest. Two windows on the north—one on each side of the fire- place—two on the south, giving on the garden, two on the west and between them a glass casement door opening on the porch, admit a flood of light all day long. Half-length white curtains, with inside draperies of figured cretonne, HOMES AND GARDENS December, Ig11 deck the six windows and the porch door. The peacock and foliage design of the cretonne, carried as it is around three sides of the room, produces the illusion of being in a bower, particularly as there is no distracting note in the wall-paper, for here, as elsewhere throughout the house (save in the nursery, the maids’ sitting-room and one or two of the bedrooms), the paper is of a modest, striped, pale buff, chosen with the intent that the walls, being all alike, should present merely an agreeable, inconspicuous background and not attract notice by a change of pattern from room to room. On the north side, equipped with a crane and of sufhcient dimensions to do justice to a wide family circle, is the fireplace, set ina mantel of good Colonial type, with reeded pilasters and central panel. Several rare old English bookcases of carved oak diffuse an air of intel- lectual substantiality from their shelves and are the solid “right worshipfuls” of the commonwealth of furniture. Sofas, easy chairs, secretaries and all the rest tell a tale of thorough comfort and convenience, while the little tea- table near the lounge is an earnest of perennial hospitality. Two children’s chairs, side by side against the wall near the steps, call to mind Southey’s remark that ‘‘a house is never perfectly furnished for enjoyment unless there is a child in it rising three years old and a kitten rising six weeks.” ‘The children, at least, of this household can be vouched for. As to the rest of the furnishings ‘“‘for enjoy- ment’’ it may be confidently stated that everything about the establishment plainly proclaims it was meant for whole- some ease. Some people inhabit houses; others live in homes. ‘This abode is everywhere instinct with the spirit of home. Every inch of the house is meant to be used and lived in, and is. ‘There is, heaven be praised, neither parlor nor drawing-room but a living-room. Here is complete emancipation from the frightful domestic ideals of a period, now happily past, that prescribed a parlor, a region of starched gloom and perverted furniture, to be followed later by its lineal descendant, the oftentimes no less dread- ful drawing-room, where one’s coffee after dinner would be chilled by the marrow-piercing frigidity of the surround- ings though the thermometer, if it were consulted, might register eighty. Speaking of dinner and coffee brings us to the dining- room, which we enter from the hall through a pair of glass casement doors so placed as to balance the French window opening on the terrace at the other end of the room. Three excellent paintings form the only adornment of the walls and are the more effective for the absence of distracting objects. ‘Che design of the bricks on the hearth is worth notice—set in broad bands of cement, they are laid swastika- wise, each swastika revolving about a small, square tile at December, 1911 its center. From both hall and dining-room doors commu- nicate with the kitchen penetralia, whose mysteries, along with the subterranean equipment of laundries, storerooms and the like, the reader had best explore for himself with the aid of the plans. Suffice it to say that everything is there to satisfy the most exacting housekeeper. One word, how- ever, must be spoken in praise of the servants’ sitting-room, a bright, sunny den just off the kitchen. If more houses had such spots there would be fewer domestic tempests. Upstairs this house is just as sensibly arranged as you would expect it to be from knowing it downstairs—airy chambers and plenty of baths. Many of the bedrooms have fireplaces, so that it is plain to be seen their practical util- ity for both ventilation and heating has been recognized— a truly gratifying thing when one thinks how often they are looked upon, and by people who ought to know better, as a merely decorative feature for the downstairs rooms. Having decorously come in at the north door and done the polite thing by all the parts of the house, let us now step out the south door into the garden. Descending the steps, at the end of the paved terrace, we find ourselves amid a gorgeous array of bloom in beds and borders separated, on the one side from the lawn and on the other from the tennis court, by low hedges of privet. In the center is a pool inhabited by goldfish and aquatic plants. Of course, the children often fall into this and scare the fish, but then, why shouldn’t they? It is the inalienable right of childhood to fall into pools in one’s best bib and tucker and get sop- ping, just as it is the inalienable right of childhood to make mud pies or get into the pantry and steal jam and, also, just as it is the inalienable right of grown-ups to inflict con- dign punishment therefor with the parental slipper, and will aq. Vat to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The lines of the generous proportions of the house at St. Martins suggest an air of hospitality that 431 | i gg eX is not always to be found in houses of this size ei Te Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 ‘The Ardebil Mosque Rug, formerly in the Yerkes collection, is one of the three world-famous rugs from the mosque at Ardebil, in northern Persia Oriental Rugs and How to Select Them worth it. lack artistic perception. But if art value were to be disregarded, and the palm in to stay. entirely awarded on the basis of use value alone, the domestic brussels would easily win out. Of course, in buying rugs or other furnishings for the home, few are so stupid as to seek durability without re- gard for looks or style, any more than a woman buys a hat because the milliner assures her it will outlast all other hats. But inasmuch as the manager of an Oriental rug department in New York city has seen fit in his newspaper adver- tising to scoff at art value in Oriental rugs, and as his example has been fol- lowed to some extent in other cities, it seems important here to reiterate what every honest dealer knows and ad- mits—that it is the art value of Orien- tal rugs which makes people willing to pay so much more for them, and that if all persons in the United States suddenly became art-blind, like the manager men- tioned above, New York city would cease to be a great Oriental rug market. A visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York city, is very instruc- RIEN TAL rugs cost from three to ten times as much as domestic wiltons. But not to persons who utterly It is true that the use value of Oriental rugs is great. wear well, because every knot has been put By George Leland Hunter And they are They 1 a RS IS oe my te. Oe ee An Anatolian Mat of this sort, woven in Asia Minor, twenty by thirty inches, can be bought for less than a dollar. It is effective in rugged surroundings, but not durable nor to be recommended tive on the subject of art values in Oriental rugs. amples shown there are from one hundred to four hundred years old and all of distinguished excellence as regards de- sign and execution. Ardebil Mosque rug, formerly a part of the famous Yerkes collection, and the smallest of three rugs sold to a Sul- The ex- One of the most remarkable is the tanabad dealer thirty years ago, when repairs to the mosque at Ardebil, in northern Persia, made new floor cov- erings necessary. The largest of the three rugs was the famous one now in the Victoria and Albert Museum at South Kensington and often called the most important Oriental fabric in the world. The Ardebil rug at the Metropoli- tan Museum, here illustrated by cour- tesy of the Museum authorities, is mar- velous for design and color and will repay long and careful study. It was woven in the Sixteenth Century, is ten feet and eleven inches long by five feet and ten inches wide, and has a woolen pile of 485 knots to the inch, tied into a silk web. ‘The field shows ten groups of struggling animals (dogs and bears) in yellow and blue on wine-red ground. Boars and tigers and a wealth of flow- ers and foliage fill the rest of the spaces. The main border is in blue, with outer border in red and inner border in cream. But no description can even suggest the softness and delicacy of the color tones December, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 433 and contrasts, or make clear how per- fect is the combination of pattern with animal figures. The only other weaves worthy to be compared with rugs like this are the Fifteenth Century Flemish tapestries. They, too, have grounds completely floriated in flat design, but vividly. An illustration of this is the Burgundian tapestries at the Metropoli- tan Museum. Of course, antique rugs like those at the Metropolitan Museum are out of the question for the average home. They merely serve as an inspiration in the direction of good art and away from bad art. For the qualities that make them famous are the qualities that dis- 1% (ST SSSISSIET tendency to large octagons, lozenges, stars and diamonds. The warp is of wool and long fringes of gray wool at top and bottom are common, with wide flat borders often figured in tapestry weave or broché. An Afghan Bok- hara three feet and ten inches by two feet and nine inches may be purchased for about twenty dollars. Such rugs may be found in any of the large Oriental rug shops throughout the United States. Of the Bokharas as a class, the Afghans are the darkest and coarsest. Other types are the Khivas, Yomuds, Tekke Turkomans, Princess Bokharas, etc. The designs and colors of Yomuds approximate those of Dag- A very rare specimen of the Chinese rug, valued at $1,500. ‘This rug has a salmon-pink ground, with symbolistic figures in blue and lemon color tinguish a very good rug from a bad one. It is not age, but art, that enhances fe the value of an object. Anyone who pays a high price for a bad rug merely because it is old throws away his money. Whether a rug is antique or antiquated is not of the slightest importance to the average purchaser, except that those claimed to be antique are likely to be imperfect in design, color, texture or material. The important thing is to select rugs that are in good condition and that in every way fit the apartment they are to adorn. Much depends upon the style of the rooms. Kermans are out of place in a Mission room, just as rugs of the Bokhara type are out of place in a Louis XVI room or in an Adam room. hestan, west across the Caspian Sea from Bokhara. While Bokharas are not suitable for environments of deli- cate color and design, they take natur- ally to rooms wainscoted in dark oak and having beamed ceilings, which means that they are appropriate for use in Old English halls and living-rooms, and in most Mission, arts and crafts and simple modern rooms. To the Bokhara group belong also the Belouches from Beloochistan, south of Afghanistan, that is, south of Bok- hara. ‘The example that is here illus- trated is about three by five feet and sells for $12. The tawny part of the pile is undyed camels hair, which is a distin- guishing characteristic of Belouches. Another type of rug suited to rugged surroundings is found in Anatolian mats, woven in Asia Minor (for which Anatolia is another name) coarsely of Bokhara rugs have strong colors, yRgeye (Peg particularly reds and browns, heavy con- PONT i Ga pee UL ventional or geometrical designs with a A Belouche, measuring 3x5 feet, costs $12 cheap coarse wool in crude colors, U WA 434 and are the sort often used by dealers in this country as advertising attractions, being sold at cost, usually in such instances without taking freight or handling ex- pense into consideration. ‘The one illustrated is twenty by thirty-two inches and wholesales for ninety-eight cents. It is an Oriental rug, but that is its chief claim to virtue. I have often wondered what people do with rugs of this sort after they get them home, for they are certainly neither beautiful nor durable. Cashmere rugs are a dif- ferent story. Here we have an opportunity to become en- thusiastic over a rug of mod- s erate cost. I regard Cash- meres as the best value of- fered in Oriental rugs to-day. They are exceedingly durable, hold their shape and color, and harmonize with furnish- ings of the average everyday type.. The Cashmere rug illustrated here is four by six feet and sells for $25. It has not the lustrous velvety pile that characterizes such antiques as those to be seen at the Metropolitan Museum. Indeed, it has no pile at all, being woven by twisting the weft over successive pairs of warp threads in a characteris- tic way all its own that pro- duces a surface resembling flat embroidery on canvas. But the texture is not uninter- esting, especially when one understands what it is and does not regard it as a worn- down pile. Cashmeres are made in the Caucasus (in southern Russia), a territory formerly a part of Persia, and get their name from the resemblance of their shaggy backs to those of the once famous Cashmere shawls. In the accompanying illustration the upper end of the Cash- mere rug has been turned over and down in order to show the texture of the back and the fringe. The loose threads are those left by the passage of the bobbin from block to block of the same color, as in real tapestry and in " loom-figured Cashmere shawls, which are also real tapestry. Kelims are another type of Oriental fabric with flat surface. In weave they are not like Cashmere rugs but like real tapestry, and where blocks of different colors meet parallel with the warp, there are open slits, as in the product of the Gobelins and of Aubusson. The loose threads on the back are usually clipped close. Kelims need to be lined with heavy canvas for use on the floor, and will then give good service. The texture is exceedingly interesting, being a pronounced rep. The designs are geometrical and very simple. The Shirvan Kelim illustrated is eight feet and four render good service. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Kelim is a finely woven rug. The weave is much like that of real tapestry, presenting a flat surface. The Shirvan Kelim here illustrated is 8 ft. 4 in. by 3 ft. 6 in., and costs only $25 December, 1911 inches by three feet and six inches, selling for $25. It is not as heavy in style as the Bokharas, and can be used in rooms that are more or less Colonial in type. The Sehna Kelims are of finer weave and pattern and much more ex- pressive. [he Anatolian Kis Kelims are carelessly woven, and the larger sizes consist of two pieces sewed together lengthwise, but seldom coming out even at both ends. Kelims also make splendid table covers and portiéres, espe- cially with Oriental rugs on the floor, and in rooms that i have Oriental or simple walls } and ceilings in woodwork and | plaster. Hamadan runners are ex- cellent and among the most trustworthy types in the market of the rugs woven in western Persia. The pile of the wide outer border with- out pattern is entirely of camels hair. Camels hair also appears in the ground wherever the design calls for its pleasing tawny or light-coffee color. | The size of the rug before us fis three feet six inches by sev- » enteen feet and three inches, so long that the photographer was able to get only part of it into the picture, and in or- der to show the pattern more clearly took it at an angle taat exaggerates the perspec- tive of the foreground. A rug like this sells for about one hundred dollars, but there are in the shops many Hamadans of somewhat less excellent quality for a smaller price. A word here about runners from the decorative point of view. Runners—meaning rugs that are very narrow for their length—are less expensive than square rugs of the same quality and area, especially in the large sizes. Moreover, two small rugs and a runner often look much better on the floor of a room than a single large rug. And thenew ame other rooms that look best with one small rug and two runners, and others with small ay rugs only. Not that I would if decry the large Oriental rug fi of high quality. Far from it. There are Saruks and Kir- mans and Mesheds woven to- day that in every respect equal the ancient rugs, and that are worthy to adorn the floors or even the walls of the most magnificent palaces. But the tendency to equip interiors with room-size rugs that cover the floor except for an eighteen to thirty inch border, should be discouraged. It is quite as bad taste as entirely conceal- ing the floor beneath a strong figured domestic sewed-to- gether carpeting and it costs much more. Small rugs are better quality for the same price, are easier to take care of and last longer, and can be rearranged and transferred They need to be lined to December, 1911 The Kirman comes in various sizes. from room to room. Large rugs have necessarily a heav- ier structure that is more expensive to weave, and are more likely to crack and ravel at the ends and be injured by dust and moisture. I think that the largest rug in a room should not cover over one fourth of the actual floor space, although of course I recognize the fact that the general decorative plan often renders necessary the room- size rug. But for the small house and the limited purse it may be set down that large Oriental rugs are unattain- able. Ina large rug strength is of vital importance. That is one reason for the popular- ity of Gorevan rugs. Good ex- amples, about nine by twelve feet, sell for $195. Both weave and pattern are coarse, but the structure is solid and the knotting firm. The wool- en pile is high and soft be- neath the foot. The warp and weft are of cotton and the fringes are consequently short, with hardly any of the flat web projecting. Resem- bling the Gorevans, but with designs of greater intricacy and more floral and natural- istic in treatment are the Serapis. The Kirman rug illustrated is six feet one inch by four feet three inches and sells for $70. It is a fair specimen from a section of Persia that has for centuries been famous for the quality and designs and color- ings of its rugs, and that still maintains its reputation. Kir- mans come in all sizes from the smallest to the largest, and are noteworthy for the softness and excellent quality of the wool, as well as for the delicacy of the colorings and the exquisite vividness of the floriated grounds. Cer- A 4x5 ft. Tabriz rug costs $50. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Such an example the one illustrated above, measuring 6 ft. | in. by 4 ft. 3 in., could be had for $70 tainly the flowers woven into Kirman rugs have never been surpassed by those conventionalized on any other looms or in any other form of art. In some of the more pretentious Kirmans birds, animals, landscapes and human figures appear. The Tabriz rug illustrated is four by five feet and sells for $50. These are among the best of the modern Orien- tal rugs, in spite of a tendency to curl that in some of them needs frequent correction. ‘The texture is exceedingly fine, as is the ground floriation that rightly suggests Kirman influence, but the pile is harder to the touch than that of Kir- mans, and in response to “modern demand” the field is occupied by a large medallion that leaves considerable of the surface unpatterned. Like all rugs with cotton warp, Tab- rizes have a short fringe. A just reason for complaint against the Tabriz and some other large rugs was that lack of fringe and flat web border left the ends likely to ravel. Every visit to the cleaner made repairs necessary. A wide web border and shaggy fringe like that of Bokharas would be neither appropriate nor possible, but it seems as if more pains might be taken to insure the durability of such ex- pensive works of art, and I caution the readers of AMERI- CAN HoMEs AND GARDENS to decline to purchase rugs that are not satisfactorily finished at both ends. The sides are well finished in practically all rugs, either selvaged or overcast. The Mir Serebend illustrated is an excellent specimen two feet and eight inches by nine feet and a half, of ex- quisite velvety texture and in soft grayed-down coloring. It is one of the finest Oriental rugs Scr RATE TL a EN penal te ‘This example of the Tekke Bokhara is very effective in paneled ‘one The field is in tones of rose on blue-black. The rug sells for $100 and is well worth it. The field of Serebends is apt to consist of the so-called cone, or pear, or palm leaf motif often repeated, with stems of alternate rows point- ing in opposite directions. A much thinner rug than the Serebend, indeed the thin- est of all Oriental or domestic rugs, but none the less in- teresting for all that, is the Sehna. The weave is exceed- ingly fine, with sometimes as many as 400 knots to the inch, and the weft is not infrequently of silk that in com- bination with the fine cotton warp and the ‘‘Sehna’’ knot makes possible the fine texture. Sehnas pucker and curl most disagreeably and require constant care to keep them in good condition. But the genuine ones have a surface and silken sheen of extraordinary beauty and the designs are remarkable for their delicacy. They sometimes have a center medallion with figured corners on a plain field, but more often an all-over intricate repeat, always with several narrow borders. Among rugs not illustrated for lack of space are Daghestans, Cabistans, Shirvans and Kazaks from the Russian Caucasus. The designs are straight-line and geo- metrical to a degree, especially in Daghestans, where the intricately patterned surface suggests a mosaic. Even the animal figures so common in Cabistans are in straight lines like the drawings of American Indians and primitive peo- ples generally. All of these rugs come in small sizes only, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS . December, 1911 Daghestans having a tendency toward square shapes and Cabistans often running very long for their width. Kazaks have a very deep, soft, loose pile and rich coloring. Shirvans are of coarser weave and pattern and duller coloring than Daghestans, in which white, grays and ivory and thin bright colors predominate. Shirvans have a long, rough, natural-gray fringe. Daghestans and Kazaks have a short woolen fringe, while the warp of Cabistans is often of cotton. ‘These Caucasians were among the first Oriental rugs brought to America, and are very appropriate for use in the average American home that has more or less of a Colonial character. The Chinese rug illustrated here is five feet by nine and sells for $1,500. It resembles none of the rugs we have been talking about. Indeed, Chinese rugs are in a class by themselves, as regards design, and even more so as regards coloring. The two colors that the Chinese most affect are yellow and blue. By yellow I mean here the beautiful golden tones of yellow, and by blue the wonderful dark and light blues that the Chinese have such a knack for producing— the makers of porcelain as well as the weavers. The rug before us has a cotton warp with woolen pile of average depth and fineness. But the ground is a sal- mon pink as soft as the down-covered tones of a ripe peach. Against it the figures are wonderfully set in blue and lemon. ‘The borders are both in yellow on dark blue, the inner ones showing the simple fret design, the outer one the swastika fret. Apparently the rug was woven for some Chinese poten- tate of high culture and scholastic attainments. The ob- jects that lie in the field of the rug are symbolic of art, literature or religion. Music is suggested by the reed mouth organ, painting by the brush and cylinder, poetry by the writer’s hand screen with book and scrolls, chess by the chess board. There are incense stands and stands for flow- ers and fruits. Also a tem- ple banner, a spear, a wine pot, a fan of state, a sounding stone of jade, etc. But whoever the rug was woven for has long since passed on and yet it has come into the hands of those who, through an in- terest developed through a study of the art of Ori- ental rugs, perhaps prizes this one as much as the old- time Confucian for whom it must have been woven. This rug came from eastern China, from the country tributary to Pekin. Rugs markedly Chinese in char- acter also came from Rus- sian central Asia, from the old city of Samarcand, on the trans-Caspian railway. Samarcand rugs are inter- mediate in weave between the Chinese and the Per- sian, being looser and softer than the latter, but decid- edly firmer than the former. The Mir Serebend runner here illus- trated is 2 ft. 8 in. by 9 ft. 6 mn., and is well worth its cost of $100 AMERICAN December, 1911 O more beautiful custom has been brought over from the poetic, mystic, legend-loving old world than the association of Holly and the Evergreen tree with the celebration of Christmas. Long may it live! Often it seems to me that our intensely prac- tical American atmosphere is stifling much of the beauty of life. And so this increasing tendency to decorate with greens during the Yuletide is a sign to be hailed with joy, for in time it cannot but foster an interest in the love of the quaint, sweet legendary lore which the old world so intimately associates with the greens of ye merrie Christ- mas tyme. “Lo! now is come the joyful’st feast! Let every man be jolly. ; Each room with Ivy leaves is drest. And eyery post with Holly.”’ Embodying in its glossy green leaves and brilliant berries the very spirit of this joyous season, Holly has ever been the most sought Christmas green. Fortunately, no other season makes demands upon it, so that it is associated wholly and only with the Yuletide. But while it holds the ranking place it is by no means the most used of Christmas greens. Even in merry England, where it grows to perfection, it is supplemented by other greens, chiefly the Ivy. Here in America several greens are used more extensively than the Holly, notably the Laurel and some of the Lycopo- diums. Both cost less and for certain purposes are better adapted, such as roping and festooning, but neither alone carries the Christmas spirit. Red is needed, and where a little Holly to mix with them may not be had, recourse to the bright-berried Black Alder or Fever-bush is made. In- deed, these comparatively common and altogether beautiful berries, so closely resembling the true Holly berry, are often substituted for the latter, being used with barren Holly, especially in the making of wreathes. We still import Holly from England, but far the greater part of that offered in our markets is from the south, much of it from Virginia and the Carolinas. In New England it grows in some few favored spots, but not in sufficient quan- tities to figure in the market. I have found it on Cape Cod growing to perfection. Blessed be he who may himself gather the greens for his Christmas decorating and cut the tree of Christmas joy! I shall always feel that those who perforce must seek the market place for their Christmas greens are of the world’s poor, though in furs and silks be they gowned. At best the bunches and wreathes of shining green and red mean but the crossing with silver of the palm of commerce. Now that I am of the city’s bondage I love to linger over the first crates of Holly appearing in the market place. I love to linger and to dream, for there a vision arises, an oaken woodland, the trees for the most part bare, though here and yon one still holds the red-brown mummies of the HOMES AND Our Christmas Greens By Thornton W. Burgess “Again at Christmas did we weave The Flolly round the Christmas hearth.’ * Earth and glorifies with vestal beauty the molder- GARDENS summer’s foliage. A six-inch blanket of spotless white, new fallen, protects the nakedness of Mother ing trunk of a fallen forest giant. Frost rime fills the air with minute brilliants, exquisite while they last. Threading the aisles of gray-white tree trunks the eager eye catches the blur of a distant green mass. Pine or Spruce, Hemlock or the Christmas red! the jolly red! berried, glorious. another. as if trained by the hand of a landscape gardener. Is it ah, the red against the green! It is a Holly tree, full And there beyond is another and still Some are mere shrubs, but as perfect in shape Others are rough, scarred veterans of many a Christmas crusade. Not all give us berries. It is better so, for almost without exception those without have the handsomest foliage, it being a deeper, glossier green. Almost it seems a desecra- tion of Nature’s temple to strip these trees of their splendor. Indeed, it is this and nothing less to cut recklessly and wantonly. But, mindful ever of the years to come, I trim here a branch and there a spray until soon I have a back- load and no damage done my beautiful trees, for even the tree of the forest is the better for judicious pruning. In recent years a few misinformed conservationists have raised a cry against the tax upon our forests annually levied by the Christmas demand. The alarm is needless, say the best informed foresters, for the annual cut is beneficial rather than otherwise, resulting in a thinning which a young forest growth always needs, and which it usually fails to receive. On the other hand there is some real danger that the Christmas fern (Aspidium Acrotichoides ) will ultimately be practically exterminated in many places where it is com- mon now. ‘This fern is gathered by the million in the fall and put in cold storage for Christmas and later use. There is less of romance and poetic appeal in the gath- ering of Laurel, for one cannot quite forget that the season of its glory is when it is crowned with the marvel of its bloom. Despite its persistent green, there is rather a pathetic downward hang or droop to the leaf in winter. It lacks that appearance of virile, aggressive strength which the armed and armored Holly leaf possesses. And there is no red cheer of berries. Nevertheless, a trip to the rugged mountain side, with the sharp tang of a December morning biting in till the red blood races gloriously, finds ample re- ward in the waxy green of the Laurel. But while Holly and Laurel gathering may be for but a favored few, the Ground Pine or Lycopodium grows for the many. Few greens make up for decorative use to better effect. In swamps, in Pine woods, especially where at all boggy, the Ground Pine trails for the gatherer. A Merry Christmas to all the world! Thrice merry would it be could each and all gather even a few of the greens selected here, wherein to brighten the holiday. AMERICAN HOM| 1 THE CHEER: JHERE is a worl) place that is chs ancestors knew 4494 fashioned ideas ll while after all, and it is a savi§ and our house-builders have € hole in the wall with fire in & the cheery fireplace. The @ various types of cheery firepl:é in the homelike house. E # sign the fireplace, huge thou | air of cheeriness about it wh fireplaces in the old chateai manor houses. One will also | ing examples of outdoor firey) can architecture, and a featu ing in the porch-plans for th) conventional canons of forr| ‘| .——— —— -_ ‘ae NS ES z GARDENS a | AND nA VM esses er FIREPLACE (aaa) ieee = ee |! brn en : difference between the fire- -and one that is not. Our t and planned accordingly. discovered that the good old- out such matters are worth ‘race that our house-planners ie to understand that a mere des not make for the idea of er will find here illustrated the sort one wishes to find na house of pretentious de- t often may be, can have the yne finds, for instance, in the f France, or in the English here illustrated two interest- s—something new in Ameri- vat is well worth incorporat- yuse in the country, although -e hereby broken through. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ‘THE CHEERY FIREPLACE. = HERE is a world of difference between the fire- place that is cheery and one that is not. ur 4 ancestors knew that and planned accordingly. y Fortunately we ehave scovered that the good old- such matters are worth while after all, and it is a saving epee that our house-planners and our house-builders have come to understand that a mere hole in the wall with fire in it does not make for the idea of fireplace. The reader will find here illustrated i the sort one wishes to find in the homelike house. nina house of pretentious de- sign the fireplace, huge though it « may be, can have the air of cheeriness about it which one finds, for instance, in the fir s in the old chateaux of France, or in the English manor houses. One will also find here illustrated two interest- ing examples of outdoor fireplaces—something new in Ameri- can architecture, and a feature tl vell worth incorporat- ing in the porch-plans for the house in the country, although conventional canons of form are hereby broken through. a ‘ This picturesque cottage is one of the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 design and careful planning A North Shore Cottage By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the Author N the crest of a peninsula which runs out into the bay, affording a magnificent view of both the ocean and harbor dotted with white sails, and opposite the shore whereon stands the silent port of quaint old Marble- head with its church spires and old roofs rising from the water like some old-world city, half am- phibious, is situated one of the most picturesque cottages on the famous North Shore of the old Bay State, the house of Mr. Kirkland H. Gibson, designed by Thomas M. James, architect, of Boston. Toward the east the open ocean presents a view from this point that never palls upon one, change- ful as it is in all its varied moods, yet changeless in its im- mensity. This town stands midway between the ocean and the harbor at Nanepashemet. A winding lane from the driveway leads up to the upper entrance at the rear of the house, while quaint English stepping-stones ascend directly upon the avenue by which it is approached at the front of the house. These steps wind pleasantly through the green- sward past clumps of Sumac and Cedar, and a great mass of rock juts from the ground in a most picturesque manner. The view of the house is immediately pleasing. The ex- terior walls are covered with rough cast cement laid upon wire laths. The interior treatment is of cedar stained to a dark brown, forming a pleasant contrast to the gray walls. The casement windows, opening outward, have various arrangements of latticed panes with one window of leaded glass in the little hallway to the left. The shingle roof is low and widely projecting and is designed of the shingle pattern delightfully carried out, suggesting in a way both the tiled roof and the thatched roof, while the modified lines of the square chimney, somewhat like a section of the base of an obelisk, is one of the most striking features and most attractive points about the architecture. In the main body of the house, in order to afford outdoor living-rooms, appear most satisfactory loggias that may be entered by the opening of glass doors and low casement windows. The arrangement of the entrance porch is most pleasing, the canopy effect being obtained for the roofing by a pro- jection of the roof of the bay supported, in effect, by mas- sive chains bolted into a solid looking wall. The stairhall is sufficiently large to give approach to the spacious living-— December, 1911 room, the central feature of the house, a room which opens directly to the right as one enters, as will be seen from the accompanying plan of the ground floor. This living-room has a high wainscoting of cedar, both in the bay and in the inglenook beside the chimney. The LNTRY SxSK” Sepuairs OOM O-2" 114-9" eon | TF ba ‘ FITCHEN 12 x 12-7" SHELVES Plan of first floor walls above it are finished in rough cast plaster, while the ceiling is beamed and stained; the floor is quartered oak, kept waxed and polished, with rugs in tones of brown and gray, with here and there a touch of deep orange and black, to assist in carrying out the harmony existing between the furnishings and those seen in the cedar trim and in the plas- ter. Ihe bay is occupied by a wide semicircular seat, the CWA BER. on, CHANBER IPO /4-" CH MBER /4.x 15" CHA BER 8+/0" x 13°10” The plan of the upper story outlook from which is on the harbor. The cushions of this delightful lounging place are in sort of tones of brown, matching the stain of the cedar and woodwork, whose mold- ings are in thorough accord with -the prevailing notes of design in the furnishing. The inglenook, which is thor- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 441 oughly cozy and homelike and also secluded in the sense that it does not interrupt passage through the room from hall to dining-room, is carried out in much the same manner as the fitting of the bay. This inglenook flanks a fireplace of generous proportions, faced with bricks which are brown in tint; the wide hearth is built of gray fieldstone, split into slabs of irregular shapes and fitted together with mor- tar for the joints. The surface of these slabs of fieldstone has been smoothed, but is not polished. The same material has been used for the floors of the verandas and porches of this house, with excellent effect. The brickwork of the chimney-breast extends practically to the beamed ceiling, with no suggestion of any mantel. Instead, a chimney-nook in the upper left-hand corner permits of the introduction of a square shelf, upon which is usually placed a tall vase of good design, filled with the flowers of the season. The large and airy dining-room is entered by a doorway to the right of the chimney. This room occupies the whole The stairway is lighted by attractive casement windows, which help to flood the hall with light front corner of the house and commands an excellent view of the harbor and the beautiful sunsets for which this spot is famous. The furnishings of the dining-room are similar to those already noted, although somewhat more severe in design than those to be found in the living-room. The dining-room furniture is of the mission type. The room is well lighted, and has a beamed ceiling with rough plaster walls, and the floor of quartered oak is kept waxed and polished and covered with a large rug somewhat like the one in the living-room, both in color and design. The draperies at the casement are made of simple muslin and add a crisp freshness and the note of daintiness required to complete the homelike feeling of the room, which without them would be perhaps too severe. The walls of the dining- room are tinted a sort of gray, and long French windows lead out from it to its veranda. The doorway leading from the center of the hall to the left as you enter the dining- room passes through the pantry, which is five feet ten inches by twelve feet in size, and lined with conveniently placed 442 ae cor ‘The inglenook seat by the fireplace is one of the most inviting features of the house. The electroliers above the seat afford an excellent reading light shelves and cupboards. The service part of this house is especially well designed and worthy of study, it being sepa- rated from the front of the house, the rear part of the house being practically a service dwelling in itself, containing as it does the pantry and the well-appointed kitchen, the serv- ant’s-room and the servant’s-porch. ‘The house is equipped with electric lights and its fixtures are of iron and copper, especially designed to effect harmony with their environ- ment. Perfect plumbing and an abundant supply of hot and cold water make living in a house of this sort a thing to contemplate with pleasure and satisfaction. The second story, as will be seen by referring to the accompanying plan, contains the sleeping-rooms, which are designed and placed with the same care for detail that makes the lower story so excellent in its plan and in the utilization of the economies of space. ‘The upper story m4 A corner of the dining-room sun-lighted through the casement window AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 hall is nearly square, being six feet six inches by seven feet one inch. ‘To the right, the large bed-chamber has four windows, three of which are upon the side directly looking out over the harbor. There is a comfortable hallseat in this story, a large bathroom and four sleeping apartments. One of these is called the tentroom and is an interesting and perfect representation of the interior of a tent. It is attractively furnished with old Colonial pieces, while the bed is canopied and bears old-fashioned chintz hangings. Both the house and furnishings show a careful regard for detail, which makes for its complete success, and there are few houses anywhere so completely in harmony with their picturesque surroundings as is this house at Nanepashemet. A glance at the floor plans of Mr. Gibson’s house, each floor taken in its entirety, presents what one may call com- pact spaciousness. There is nowhere a waste bit of space nor any makeshift devices that display an ingenuity un- necessary in a well-planned house. Turning to the first- floor plan, one notes that the arrangement of hall, living- room and dining-room, with a piazza accessory thereto, while allowing for a freedom of movement in passing from room to room, still holds the desirable elements of privacy in the arrangement of the hearth and of the bay. As for the upper story, it would be difficult to imagine a more care- fully planned floor. It is not always that a home-builder and an architect have co-operated so successfully in evolving a house of this size that truly conforms to the lay of the land, and one cannot refrain from an enthusiasm for a dwelling of this sort, or from commending the good taste exercised in retaining the natural feature of the surrounding ground. The premises of the yard area hold no suggestion of artificiality, but in- stead presents a bit of nature that has been tidied up as a fitting accompaniment to one’s chosen abiding place. ‘Too often we find attempts to preserve the original natural aspect of a place over-zealous in the matter of permitting plant growth and unkempt appearance to remain in the home landscape, for it must be remembered that Nature, after all, is as often to be counted a spoiled child as a stern parent. December, 1911 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Sea, ‘The pure white blossoms of = Giscthas Rose are set amid a Theantent foliage of very ions dave grean leaves, ene an attractive eaten The Christmas Rose By Florence Beckwith Photographs by Nathan R. Graves maag||F1E Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger) is one 4y44|| of the most unique of flowering plants, for, <44|| though delicate in appearance, it withstands the cold blasts of winter and even blossoms under the snow. In Devonshire, England, this unusual plant is called the Winter Rose, countries legends and traditions have been from generation to generation pertaining to In one legend we are and in many handed down “the Rose that blooms in the snow.” told that it bloomed in Eden and was there called the ‘‘Rose of Affection.” In Alsatia, where it grows plentifully in the mountains, the peasants have a tradition that it first bloomed in the snow at the hour of the Nativity, and in one of Grimm’s fairy tales this Rose is connected with the legend of the Christ Child. To Saint Agnes, the Christmas Rose, with its delicate white blossoms, has been very appropri- ately dedicated, and in some places it is called “the Flower of Saint Agnes.’”’ The numerous legends and traditions show that the Christmas Rose has been regarded for ages as an unusual plant and worthy of more than common re- gard. ‘To us it is particularly interesting on account of its blooming in the winter, but we also recognize the fact that it has beauties of its own which would attract atten- tion to a marked degree in any garden of lovely flowers. The leaves of the Christmas Rose are dark green, thick, leathery, irregularly lobed, and practically evergreen. They grow to about one foot in height and their rich, dark color ‘not only makes a pleasing contrast to the pure white flow- ers, but they render the plant ornamental even in summer, when the plant is out of bloom. The flower stems spring directly from the root encircled by the clustering leaves. The buds, when small, are delicately tinted with pink on the outside, but the full-bloom flowers are of the purest white. As they grow older they turn first a pretty pink, then a pale green, remaining in bloom a long time and not entirely losing their beauty even with their change of hue. The blossoms are from two to three inches across, with numer- ous yellow stamens clustered in the center. A well-estab- lished plant will send up a number of flower stalks in suc- cession, thus prolonging the season of flowering, and a dainty pink bud often accompanies a fully expanded flower. The blossoms are peculiar in structure, the parts which we would naturally call petals being really only sepals. The true petals are very small, tubular bodies in the form of a horn with an irregular opening. These lie so close to the base of the stamens that they are very apt to escape notice. There are numerous varieties of the Christmas Rose, some with white blossoms dotted with red and purple, others 444 rose color, crimson, scarlet, yellow, purple and green. Some of these have large blossoms and are showy and attractive, but Helleborus niger is the one most generally cultivated and most widely known. Most of the other varieties do not blossom until spring and would seem not to specially deserve the name of Christmas Rose. In the northern part of New York State the Christmas Rose begins to blossom in October, continuing to bloom pro- fusely all the fall and more or less all winter. The plant requires no_ protec- tionthere. Itisnot at all uncommon in this latitude to be able to go into the garden in mid-winter and brush the snow from these hardy flowers, some- times to dig away several inches of their downy covering, and bring them forth cov- ered with frost crys- tals, but fresh and bright. When car- ried into the house they show that they are none the worse for the chilling tem- perature to which they have been sub- jected, and, if kept in a cool room, or put out of doors at night, they will keep fresh for a week or two. If the water in the vase freezes, the blossoms will not be injured; let the ice melt and the flowers will be as fresh as ever. Avery nice way to do is to set the dish contain- ing them on the out- side of a window sill; in this way they can be seen from within and will remain in perfection a longer time in the cooler at- mosphere. If the stems are split up an inch or so, the cut flowers will keep fresh and beautiful for a greater length of time. The plants usually blossom profusely during October and November; in December, frequently, the snow falls and covers them. If there are a few warm days at Christ- mas time, sufficiently mild to melt away the covering of snow, these hardy flowers are sure to display themselves and seem to smile as if they enjoyed blossoming in the dead of winter. In the fall, the blossom stems are rather tall, sometimes eight or ten inches in height. In winter they make but a low growth, sometimes only just appearing above the surface of the ground, the blossoms seeming to want to nestle down under the snow. Last winter the writer observed how the snow had drifted heavily over a border of hardy perennials and shrubs in which were some plants of the Christmas Rose. Toward spring it was thought prudent to remove some of the snow, which was heavily weighing down the branches AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ‘There is a wonderful garden of Christmas Roses near Rochester, New York, where the lovely flowers of this extraordinary plant peep up through the snows of mid-winter, while underneath they bloom in all their beauty December, 1911 of the shrubs. In doing this, the Christmas Roses were uncovered, and there, under about two feet of snow, they were found blooming in all their beauty, as fresh and spot- less as they might have been on a bright October day. The culture of the Christmas Rose is not at all difficult. The plants will thrive in common garden soil, though they do best in a rich loam mixed with coarse sand, with a top dressing of well-rotted manure. They grow luxuriantly They should always have a plen- tiful supply of water, especially when making their growth after flowering, for on this depends the next season’s bloom- ing. A supply of weak liquid manure can be given occasion- ally with good re- sults, and a mulch of good manure imme- diately after flower- ing is over will be very beneficial. Propagation of the Christmas Rose is ef- fected by root divi- sion. ‘The roots sepa- rate readily, so it is no trouble to divide them. This should be done as early in the spring as it is pos- sible to work in the garden. The plants increase very rapidly and it is generally ad- visable to separate the roots every third year. On the border of Rochester, New York, just outside the city limits, is a bed of Christmas Roses which is undoubtedly the finest in the coun- try and which has gained more than a local reputation. The fortunate possessor takes pardonable pride in the size of the bed, the luxuri- ance of the plants, and the great number of blossoms pro- duced. The plants begin blooming in October, and the latter part of that month and the first of November they are in their glory, showing great numbers of blossoms and innumerable stems of buds just peeping above the ground. Hundreds of blossoms are constantly being cut without im- pairing the beauty of the bed. Last Christmas two hundred stems of blossoms were cut for church adornment and for friends, yet the bed lost not all of its beauty. Many admir- ers of this rare flower never fail to pay an annual visit to this bed, and always feel more than repaid for their trouble. Plants which afford so much pleasure and require so little care should be more generally cultivated. “Their season of bloom and their beauty give them claim on all flower lovers. The large white blossoms are beautiful, and it is delightful to go out into the garden on Christmas day and gather fresh flowers from under the snow that bear no signs of blight. under trees which furnish a partial shade. Bae, aed ar AMERICAN December, 1911 A small flock of hens that lay, en fon wellienovn Brocade HOMES AND GARDENS 445 is a source of profit and will more than repay one for the trouble of raising them Keeping Twenty-Five Hens Hunts ee WENTY-FIVE or thirty hens will supply all the eggs needed by an ordinary sized family the year round. ‘The hens should not be mongrels, however, but chosen from among those breeds which are well known as prolific layers, as, for instance, the White and the Barred eeu Rocks, the Brown and the White Leg- horns, the White and the Columbian Wyandottes, the Rhode Island Reds, the Black Minorcas and the Hamburgs. When a breed is being chosen, something will depend upon the color of the eggs desired, if one has any preference in dongle wegogee, Ila Jelhnone outh Rocks, Wyandottes and Rhode Island Reds lay brown eggs of large size. The Leghorns, Muinorcas and Hamburgs lay white eggs, those of the Ham- burgs being somewhat smaller than those of the other breeds, but produced freely. New York people will pay a premium for white eggs, while those from Boston prefer brown ones. As a matter of fact, there is no difference in the composition of the contents. Possibly the brown eggs may average a trifle larger than the white ones, but Minorca breeders probably Bated Plymouth Rock H Hen would quarrel with even that statement. It is a matter of greater importance to the amateur, perhaps, that some of the different breeders are inveterate “‘sitters,’’ while others practically never become broody. The American breeds, that is to say, the Plymouth Rocks, the Wyandottes and the Rhode Island Reds—the breeds which lay brown eggs, it will be observed—frequently become broody and desire to sit on their eggs. The Mediterranean breeds—the Leghorns, Minorcas and Hamburgs, which lay white eggs—seldom be- come broody. ‘This point must be considered, then. If the hens of the last named i breeds are kept, incubators . | and brooders must be re- sorted to when raising chicks, or else a few hens of the sitting breeds must also be kept to hatch the chicks. On the other hand, hens of the American class often become broody when chicks are not wanted, and must be “broken up.”’ There is still another practice, however, which many ama- teurs are now following— that is, the buying of day- old chicks in the spring. Professional poultrymen in many sections make a busi- ness of hatching chicks for amateurs. ‘They are ship- ped as soon as hatched, and may be raised with but little ‘Barred Spee Rock eae 446 difficulty in fireless brooders. This plan commends itself to the amateur who has but little time to give to raising his flock. When selecting a breed, thought must be given to the place where the birds are to be kept. If the hens are to be allowed the run of the lawn, the choice may well be from among the white varieties, for they are highly ornamental. The plumage is easily soiled, however, and the white birds are shining marks for hawks. In the open country, where these depredatory birds abound, it is better to keep the darker colored varieties. The Brown Leghorns, which are so famous as egg layers that they frequently are spoken of as ‘“‘egg machines,”’ are small and exceedingly active birds. ‘They will wander long distances and fly over fences which will easily confine the larger breeds. It is sometimes necessary to stretch poultry wire across the top of the yards, or even to clip their wings. The larger the yards, however, the less likelihood that the hens of any breed will try to fly out. Moreover, if wire Is used, and if there is no bar at the top, there will be less danger of the birds’ escape, for they will not be able to distinguish the top of the fence, and can fly only at random. Shade of some kind should be provided in the yards. A good plan is to grow a climbing vine over the fence, or sunflowers may be planted just outside; but best of all are a few trees in the yards. Plum trees are particularly well adapted to this purpose, and will yield bountifully. If very small houses and yards must be used, it often is possible to let the hens have the run of the outside premises for an hour just before dark. They will do but little damage and will return to their house as daylight begins to fall. It is possible for them in this way to get all the grass and clover they need, thus lightening the work of the person in charge of the flock. The house for a flock of twenty-five hens need not be large or expensive. Twenty-five dollars or a little more ought to cover its cost, unless architectural fur- bélows of some kind are desired. If the floor area is ten by twelve feet it will be large enough. A house which is nearly square 1s much better than one which is long and narrow, being warmer and giving the hens more apparent room to move about. The more the fowls are confined to the house, the more room they will need. If they can be outside or in a scratching-shed for much of the year, four square feet for each bird will be room enough. If confined to the house much of the time, six square feet should be allowed for each bird. The shed-roof style of house is the simplest and the easiest to build. It should be four feet high on the inside at the rear, and six to eight feet in front, so that the at- tendant can walk about without stooping. Of course, a fair pitch of roof is required in order to carry off the water quickly. ‘The poultry house may be constructed of matched boards, covered with shingles or with one of the prepared roofing papers, the latter being the cheaper. Paper should not be used on the interior, as it tends to make the house dark. The inside walls of the house may be whitewashed several times a year to advantage, both to make the house light and to keep down insect pests. The house may be lighted by a long glass window at the front, or by the newer plan of combining glass and burlap. In any case it should face the south or southeast, so that it will receive the morning sun. Shed-roof houses with large openings in front are often used. It is customary to have ion AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Pia ou White Plymouth Rock Rooster December, 1911 muslin or burlap curtains tacked to light wooden frames, so arranged that they can be dropped over the openings on extremely cold nights or in stormy weather. Additional protection is sometimes provided by another curtain, which may be dropped directly in front of the perches at night, thus forming what is called a roosting closet, where the fowls keep themselves warm by their own animal heat. A device of this sort is easily made, and is excellent in any kind of house in sections of the country where the tempera- ture runs very low. Probably the best house for the amateur with a few hens is one which has a single long opening without glass, but with a muslin curtain tacked to a frame and hinged above, and one glass window, somewhat smaller. They can be arranged in any way desired, keeping always in mind that the opening without glass should be high enough so that the wind will not blow directly on the birds; that the glass window should let the sun reach the floor of the house early in the morning, and that sunlight should reach every part of the house, so far as possible, some time during the day. Occasionally a small window built in the west side to admit the afternoon sun is desirable. Prof. Rice, of the agricul- tural college at Cornell University, has devised a house, using both glass and mus- lin, which is nearly ideal for the amateur with only a few hens, as well as for the professional poultryman with flocks of many hundreds. Certain it is that the old-fashioned houses, built to be as warm as possible and sometimes even heated with stoves, were entirely wrong in principle. The natural temperature of poultry is much do not need coddling. Fresh air is much more necessary than heat. ‘The principal point to keep in mind is that the house must be dry and free from drafts. That means that the roof must be tight and that there should be no cracks in the walls. All the air must come from one direction. It is not well to expose the birds to biting winds or to let storms beat in on them. A fine rooster which was kept all night in an open-front house, with the temperature around the zero point, showed no ill ef- fects, but when allowed in the yard about 10 o'clock in the morning his comb was frosted within anhour. ‘The combination of glass and muslin is advantageous for several reasons. On a bad day the muslin will keep out the elements, but the glass window will let in needed light, for muslin, although translucent, permits the passage of less light than glass. Even when closed, the muslin allows the entrance of sufficient outside air to main- tain good ventilation. And one will be surprised to find the temperature only a degree or two colder than when glass alone is used. Considerable expense is saved if a dirt floor is used in the amateur’s poultry house, but if the location is a damp one, or if rats are numerous, a cement floor will be better. If earth is used, the floor should be built up several inches higher than the outside level, and the top layer of earth should be replaced at least once a year in order to maintain sanitary conditions. A deep litter of leaves, hay or straw should be placed on the floor whether dirt or cement be used, and when the hens are confined the grain should be fed in this litter in order to induce exercise. Every spring this litter should be removed, and it can be used to advan- tage in the garden as a mulch and a fertilizer. The amateur will minimize his work by feeding only dry th Ree Hen 7 higher than that of human beings, and they — December, 1911 ee Srbadeisend Redicien grains. The old-fashioned plan of making wet mashes has been abandoned to a large extent. Feeding twice a day will be sufficient. Wheat, oats and barley may be given in the morning, and whole or cracked corn at least two hours before sundown at night. Beef scraps and bran or shorts may be kept in hoppers, where the fowls may eat when they desire. Oyster shells and grit should always be before the birds, and, of course, an abundance of fresh, pure water is a necessity, winter and summer. The water vessels should be kept in a sheltered place in summer, so that the sun will not shine on the water to heat it. The drinking vessels should be washed frequently. Dishes which will not break when the water freezes should be used in winter. Galvan- ized iron pails are excellent; if ice forms, it can be quickly removed by pouring water on the outside of the pail and inverting it. Green food is necessary the year through. In summer lawn clippings serve the purpose well, as does refuse from the garden. In winter clover or alfalfa hay is especially good if it is placed in a pail and boiling water poured on it, the hay being allowed to steam for several hours. Cabbage, carrots, mangles and other vegetables are eaten with relish. They may be spiked to a piece of wood or suspended by a string, but the hens should not be made to jump for them, at the risk of producing a rupture. Many families can feed their poultry largely on table scraps, although a little additional labor is involved. It is not a good plan to throw the refuse from the table into the henyards, allowing the hens to pick out what they like, for insanitary conditions are al- most sure to result. It is better to keep a kettle on the back SS * Se =o f College, is nearly ideal AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Pave White Leghorn Hen Portable poultry houses, two of which will accommodate twenty-five hens ee, SE, a Bc: ae The double house advocated by the Cornell University Agricultural An amateur’s poultry “‘plant.”’ 447 Raed 4 ? P| eg. , ji spi se al Bea , Ka Bt ‘ pe Black Wines Hen of the kitchen range and to throw into it whatever may be intended for the hens. All this may be cooked up together and enough bran added to make a mash which will crumble in the hand. Let this be given at noon, preferably; other- wise in the morning. It will stimulate the egg yield, and, of course, the amount of grain given should be reduced in proportion to the amount of mash fed. No more mash than will be eaten up clean should ever be given, and it is best that there should not be enough to satisfy the appetite of the fowls, or they will stand around for an hour or so, instead of scratching busily for grain. If there are enough bits of meat in the table scraps, it may not be necessary to purchase commercial beef scraps. The feeding of red pepper and other condiments is not to be recommended. If the pullets are backward about be- ginning to lay, they often can be stimulated by feeding a little raw meat or green bone. If there is a bone-cutter at hand, the latter will prove a cheap and satisfactory ration. When there is no bone-cutter, cheap pieces of meat may be ground in an ordinary meat-grinder, giving the fowls a little uncooked Hamburg steak, if you please. For the most part, however, the less cod- dling the flock receives the better the re- sults will be. Unless one is raising his own chicks, it will not be necessary to keep a male bird. Indeed, more eggs probably will be pro- duced when there is no rooster with the flock, and it is wasteful to feed a bird which gives no return. Certainly it is not neighborly to allow a loud-crowing chan- ticleer to break in on a peaceful com- munity’s slumbers at the appearance of the sun’s first morning rays, when windows are open in the Summer time. rar Bley chade and th The vines provide am hot-bed green food e AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 WITHIN THE HOUSE SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration. — should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired Stamps ON GOOD TASTE IN INTERIOR DECORATION By Harry Martin Yeomans m@1E home-builder without architectural ex- perience should hardly attempt to build his own house without the assistance of a com- petent architect. An article on this subject appeared in the October number of AMERI- —————! CAN HomMEs AND GARDENS and presented the matter in a light that served to enable the reader to draw his own conclusions definitely in accord with this state- ment. However, once the structure itself is finished, it oftens happens that the average homemaker does not feel that he either can or wishes to go to the expense of having the decoration of the house carried out all at one time under the supervision of any one professional decorator, even though he might wish to have one or two rooms done in this manner. And so, under the circumstances, he will probably decide to do the decorations himself, making his selections and carrying out his ideas in the matter of fur- nishings without other assistance than his own taste. Hap- pily the average small house as a rule does not present to the decorator many of the technical difficulties that have to be overcome by the architect. ‘Therefore the amateur decorator may approach his task with a reasonable degree of confidence. HE various articles that appear from time to time in the pages of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Strive to present to their readers individual problems whose solu- tions are accomplished through the medium of good taste in the selection and application. ‘The illustrations chosen are such as give safe guidance in the matter of architecture and decorative designs, wherefore one undertaking for the A dining-room, elegant in the simplicity of its well-chosen turmisnings first time the decoration of his own home personally will, it is hoped, find both inspiration and instruction in the peru- sal of these pages. T is not enough alone that the house should be well de- signed and well built, or that it should be well fur- nished—it is just in this matter of furnishing that one finds the keynote of the house that is homelike in contradistinction to the house which is not. It oftens happens that the house undertaken by the professional decorator, especially the small house, though charming in its design as a thing of con- struction apart from its association with the life of those who are to inhabit its rooms, turns out to be alien in spirit to those living within the house. Indeed, the most success- ful houses are those which reflect the personalities of the dwellers therein and become appropriate settings for them- selves and for their lares and penates, for which reason it invariably happens that the most successful homelike small house is that which is decorated personally by its owner if he only exercises restraint in selection and carries out his plans for beautifying the house within under the guidance of good taste. N aspiring playwright once asked a well-known drama- yas tist how he constructed his plays, and was told in reply that he wrote all of his scenes and speeches at great length just as they occurred to him, but when he came to arrange the parts of his drama he commenced a process of elimina- tion whereby he left out everything not necessary to the artistic evolution of his play and everything not absolutely requisite to its utility, the result being one of vigorous dramatic strength. This illustrates in a way the principle that might well be applied to the matter of interior decora- tion in a house of any sort. For good taste not only concerns itself with the question of what could be put 1 ie, A paneled dining-room, not overcrowded with inappropriate furnishings eo ee December, 1911 An excellent example of good taste in decorating a stairhall into a room, but quite as much with what should be left out. IMPLICITY and elegance go hand in hand when we understand by simplicity crudity is never meant. If one has in mind the decoration of a small house, an attempt should never be made to crowd it in the certain expectation of getting elaborate effects out of a strictly limited area. Too often we find a house overcrowded not only with use- less, but with unbeautiful things. As though any sentiment in the world could excuse the putting in a conspicuous place of an object that does not belong there. The most sacred things of the temple are the hidden ones. If one possesses one or many objects dear to the heart, but homely to the vision, they had best be tucked away in some sanctum sanc- torum especially devised to hold such articles of sentimental value. Restraint in interior decoration, like restraint in anything else, is one of its chief virtues and one of the strong- est stones in the foundation of good taste. The rule that everything should be useful as well as beautiful, and beau- tiful as well as useful when possible, contains fully half of the philosophy of just what constitutes good taste. ‘The day has arrived when it is possible with a little thought to have every unit in the furnishings of the house fulfill the esthetic rules one might lay down for selection. Turn to the over-crowded mantels which one unfortunately sees everywhere every day, holding, as these do, odds and ends of no artistic merit and which do not even possess the sav- ing grace of being useful. A mantelshelf decorated with a clock of good design, vases of worth that will really hold flowers when required, and perhaps decorated in addition with a pair of well-chosen candlesticks, will have a charac- ter and distinction utterly lacking in a chenille-fringed draped shelf looking for all the world like the grabbag department of a village fair. VEN taking a single piece of furniture such as a desk, how often, leaving the element of untidiness quite out of the question, one sees a jumble of articles upon it that suggests confusion, and instead of making the object a part in the harmonious decorative scheme renders it completely at variance with any sense of proportion. ‘The splendid mother-of-pearl pen holders, the small silver ink wells that do not hold ink, and like objects best truthfully described “trifles,” only serve to make a plaything of what should carry out the dignity of its selection; therefore the articles on such a desk when dictated by good taste will be those not overlooking utility in the first place, and beauty in the second. HERE has often appeared to be a misconception in the matter of the useful and of the beautiful. In connec- tion with which it is enough to say that an attempt to dis- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LPT C LI eee Cae at ak 449 guise the useful by what is supposed to be the beautiful can never be more successful than the painting of a wooden snow-shovel with a mica be-powdered winter landscape. The Japanese understand the principle of simplicity as ap- plied to the interior decoration of their home, which despite our familiarity with it seems somewhat difficult for the Occi- dental mind to grasp. A family in Nippon may have a hundred cherished possessions in the way of vases and other bric-a-brac, but instead of bringing them proudly forth all at a time they display a single object now and then and give thought and care to its arrangement so it truly becomes a distinguished object reverently to be regarded for the plea- sure its contemplation can give to the family and their friends. Western nations have grown to feel that space and emptiness are synonymous and to wish to cover every square inch of wall-surface with a picture, a mirror, or some other object. The result is that our houses are more apt to be museums of mediocre objects than exhibitions of our good taste. ‘There is no more reason, if we happen to possess a great many objets dart, that we should display them all at one time if the decorative scheme does not re- quire them, than that a person possessing numerous gems should wear them all at once upon the person. Even the Indian rajah, who comes to a Durbar a veritable blaze of jeweled ornaments, still leaves some at home hidden within the recesses of his palace treasure vault. N this matter of walls it too often happens, especially in decorating small rooms, that one is led into the error of employing elaborate gaudy papers quite out of keeping to tasteful decoration upon a small scale. It seems strange that we cannot all of us realize the value of plain neutral colored papers, or ones of simple and elegant patterns in proportion to the size of the room and completing the har- mony of the decorative scheme. Wall coverings should never intrude themselves, but should take the place of the atmosphere around one out of doors, forming a pleasing background for such furniture, pictures, etc., as may be placed against it. In nine cases out of ten one will wish a room to appear larger than it is in reality, in which case it is well to choose the simple papers, as the large figured ones have the opposite effect of making a large room appear smaller. In the matter of furniture, we are more apt to err than in any other one. We go into a shop and decide that this chair or that is comfortable and buy it regardless of its appearance, or of its relation to the decorative treat- ment of the room into which it is to be put, or we may, on the other hand, take an especial fancy to a chair for esthetic reasons only to find after we have brought it home that it is (Continued on page x) The living-room need not be filled with things to make it more homelike December, Ig9II 450 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a ee fe er een Se = 6 Something New in Christmas Cakes By Gunther von Helmuth of Lebzetter, were given the right to manufacture, though they were strictly forbidden to employ sugar in their wares, as that would encroach upon the prerogatives of the Guild of Confectioners. The first Honey-Cakes were made by the monks and the or Honey-Cakes, for which Munich and nuns in the old monasteries and convents before Martin Nuremberg are especially famous, and which have also Luther's time, although tradition has it that the first recipes come to be part of the festal array of holiday time in our were given out from the nunneries and borrowed by the monks of that day, who taught the secrets of Honey-Cake making to the laymen. Around the middle of the fourteenth cen- tury the various towns that were breaking away from feudalism derived a goodly income from their various Lebzetter Guilds. With the Renaissance the art of the Lebzetter reached its historic high-water mark, as those who may have visited the Germanic National Museum in Munich will see by examining the remark- able collection of Honey-Cakes displayed there, a collection which has been gathered by Herr Max Ebenbock, a noted antiquarian, who has searched the land for the old Lebkuchen molds, from which new impressions have been taken. There, also, one will find a remarkable collec- tion of old Honey-Cake molds, and very im- portant have they often proved to be in his- torical research, since every old-time German nobleman had his arms molded by his own Lebzetter on the occasion of every festival, having the cakes for his household table molded from them. Thus these old molds have often served as missing links in trac- ing records of early heraldic bearings. Christmas in Nur- HERE is something as dear to the heart of every German, and as delectable to his palate, as ever the plum pudding has been to the Briton at Christmastide or the tur- key to the American; this is the Lebkuchen, own country, being now extensively imported for such occasions. Nowhere else in the world will you find them making such wonderful Christmas cakes as they make in these old Teuton cities, quite putting to shame even the most ingenious caraway-seeded ones of our own, so extraordinary are they in their various forms. There in the quaint old bakers’ shops these Honey-Cakes will always be found dis- played throughout the holiday season; little ones, big ones, simple ones, elaborate ones, cheap ones and ones that cost almost a small boy’s whole holiday fortune. You will find them decorated with colored sugar icings of , ’ every hue known to the solar spectrum. More- bo feshrvie diseahlossele | over, some of Germany’s greatest artists have Mery unrsre Lteb begriindel sein not thought it beneath their dignity to turn their skill to the making of designs for the Honey-Cake bakers, thus aiding in bringing them to perfection. Jules Diez, for instance, who is one of the leading painters of Ger- many, Hans Glatz, Frau Kohrt, Hermann Stockman, Max Leib- er and Fritz Unger are among the notable German artists who have made designs for Lebkuchen, some of which find their even in homely subjects Honey-cake makers find inspiration way into our own Ameri- can confectioners’ shops at Christmas time. The history of Christ- mas cake-making in Ger- many is not without in- terest. “As far back-as 1694 the Bavarian Elec- tor, Max Emanuel, pro- mulgated laws applying to the making of these Honey-Cakes which a certain Guild, the Guild emberg always finds the shop windows of that medieval-looking old town bright with gaily colored Lebkuchen, and there one finds Honey- Cakes decorated with everything, from pictures in icing of Albrecht Dur- er’s house to presentments of St. Nicholas and Kris Kringle, the favorites of German Christmas cards. A Honey-cake caricature of a Bavarian peasant December, rg11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 451 An Ingenious Kitchenette The Clever Studio Device Designed to Conceal an Ugly Gas Range When Not in Use By W. T. Phillips a small apartment must oftentimes resort occasionally produces something so com- mendable that it cannot fail to interest others who, themselves, may be looking for just the sort of thing to fit their own require- ments. The owner of an attractive studio apartment and bath had but one room at her disposal, to be used for a living-room that should combine the conveniences of dining- room and kitchen as well. Now, it is always a difficult thing to make a kitchen look like a reception-room—it is even more difficult than to make the folding bed of the Victorian era pass for a grand piano. However, I think the reader will concede that the illustrations of the tidy kitchenette here reproduced indicate actual success on the part of the studio owner in disguising the little gas range upon which the studio meals are cooked, and delicious ones they are, too. Instead of attempting to make the range appear in the suspicious guise of some improbability, the deviser of this ingenious contrivance had the carpenter around the corner make a four-sided box-like affair—bottom, sides, floor and back being stationary—and then a double folding door in front and a top that was divided in the center and arranged to swing back on each side by hinges, and finally a rest on the top edge of the opened front doors was added. ‘The reader will notice that the gas range rests on the floor of this little cupboard, and not upon the floor of the room. The low casters make it possible to move the whole con- veniently to permit cleaning operations, since the range receives its supply of gas through the long rubber hose at- tached to the gas-jet just above it, to one side. The gas- hose is disconnected when the range is not in use, and coiled against the wall on a hook back of the range-cupboard and hidden by it. One might almost imagine, on seeing the doors closed, that the cupboard was a closet in miniature for downy linens, instead of a range that can roast a turkey on Thanksgiving day as well as any of its bigger neighbors. Kitchenette holders who feel a sense of household incom- pleteness without an electric stove, may not have to be told that a cupboard can cover it in the same effective manner. An exquisite Japanese print, by Utamaro, hangs just above the range-cupboard, and a cover of embroidered crash linen is thrown over the top of this ingenious bit of fur- niture. A bowl of dull green pottery resting upon it is al- ways filled with sweet-scented flowers, that take their turn when the well-ventilated studio throws open its windows to let out the too tenacious fragrance of the savory feast passed by. In the right-hand illustration the corner of a stationary washstand is shown, but this and the wardrobe- closet to the left of the left-hand illustration are always hid- den by attractive screens that seem perfectly to fit into the decorative scheme of the apartment. Of the ornamental articles in the living-room, not connected directly with the cupboard, the Oriental rug squarely in front seems the most necessary to complete the project of transformation. The hand that placed it there surely belonged to one conscious of giving the final touch in doubling the possibilities of the use of one room. It is readily seen that the shifts can be made easily where immediacy is involved, without exciting any inti- mation of household jugglery in the little “kitchen corner.” This shows kitchenette cupboard, open and ready for use When closed the cupboard completely hides the gas range AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Around the Garden A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA- TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND GROUNDS - December, 1911 All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith. DECEMBER IN OUR GARDENS HIS is the month whose very name suggests the cozy seclusion of indoors by the fireside, with a peep through the sheltering window panes at the landscape divested by Mother Nature of every semblance of summer attire save for the welcome relief of a bit of color, here and there, from the Evergreens that forethought of wisdom has led us to plant against the all too monotonous sombreness of the winter landscape. ‘his will be the time for planning the gathering of Christmas greens. ‘Those of us who are so fortunate as to live in the countryside will be spending our holiday hours, now and then, in walk- ing over the hills and through the wooded lands with eyes alert for our Christmas greens, and best of all for the Christmas tree itself. UT there are things for us to do even nearer home. The trees are now foliage-bare and the dead leaves we may have neglected to rake up last month should be +" ME BO Nee, PSU eres cca Re own, if we but seek it lhe December landscape has a beauty all its gathered together and used as a mulch for every growing thing that shows its withered stalk above ground. HERE will be some of us who are blessed with the possession of grapevines. Perhaps we have planned to wait until March to prune them; we may even have done this last year, but this is the better season for such work and the vines will be far less liable to damage if we do not delay the pruning time. In some parts of the country winter is a time of freezing and thawing spells, and if we do not wish the things of our gardens to suffer great injury by these atmospheric extremes we should see that our shrubs and plants are banked up with a manurial mulch or with soil when needed. NE of our readers, in writing of his garden experi- ences throughout the past season complained of the sorrowful state of affairs brought about by a veritable havoc wrought by the miserable tent caterpillars that have proved themselves a blight to so many growing things. If this has been the experience of others it might be well for them to look around the garden, seeking to discover if there are any Wild Cherry trees about. If so, such trees should be destroyed without loss of time, for unhappily enough, they draw the tent caterpillars to their vicinity as surely as the moth is drawn to the flame. One must not forget that coldframes for Violets and other plants must be cov- ered these cold nights. [he inexperienced amateur is apt to forget this and to rue his carelessness. URNING our attention to the spot which marks the border of Hardy Perennials whose beautiful blossoms gave us such delight this past summer, we should busy our- selves in cutting off all their dead tops, giving the plants a light mulch, being careful that it is a light mulch and not a heavy manurial covering. OW one would welcome the invention of something to take the place of the old coverings we have to use for the protection of Roses and vines in winter time! But ugly as straw and matting and other forms of blanketing may render the things outdoors, there is ample consolation of everything to offset this visual annoyance in the gar- den’s own season, which the months will bring back again. After all, we have had indoors and firesides given to us for winter, so let us try to be as thankful for that as we are for our gardens in summer, and when we stand in the room laden with Evergreen boughs, Holly and Mistletoe, wishing one another a Merry Christmas, we shall surely have within our hearts that garden of joyousness that makes us forget any of the bleak, drear things outside. THE AMERICAN HOLLY NOTE apropos of the American Holly (Ilex opaca) vat is appropriate to the season. ‘The mention of Holly is apt to call up to the mind’s eye the vision of Christmas in England as we associate it especially with the land of our kinsmen across the sea, forgetting that in our own fair December, 1911 country we, too, have a Holly of our own. ‘This plant grows almost anywhere along the Atlantic coast and it would be dificult to find a more attractive hedge plant for sandy soils, although it has not yet been utilized to the extent it deserves to be by landscape architects. In Central Park, New York city, for instance, the writer recalls but one specimen of it, and that almost hidden from sight by being planted in a shrubbery near a wall. The accom- panying illustration gives a fair idea of the general appearance of the American Holly when allowed to at- tain some height. The species should always be planted with staminate specimens among pistillate ones. This ensures the fertilization of the pollen of the tiny flowers and consequently the brilliant berries that form an at- tractive contrast of scarlet against the dull, deep green spiny leaves of this lovely plant. The Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata) 1s a little known species in America, but the writer has found that it will thrive in the vicinity of Greater New York, though it needs winter protection north of Baltimore. The old-time English Holly (lex aquifolium) is not often seen in American gardens, as it is not so hardy as the American species. Readers find in the literature of Latin coun- | tries, in travel books and in poetry, innumerable references to the Ilex tree, but they do not know perhaps that the Hex and the Holly are the same—one the Latin name and one the common name. AN ATTRACTIVE WEATHER-VANE HEN we look around our gardens as we stroll out on fair winter days for an inspection of the premises, it may occur to us that here and there an attractive weather- vane would be a welcome note in the winter landscape. The merry looking little wooden sailors carved by the old tars of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard, with arms whirl- ing in the winter winds, are well known to everyone who visits the country places of the Massachusetts coast. On old Cape Cod the country dwellers have shown much in- genuity in the matter of fashioning all sorts of attractive little devices for indicating the direction of the wind, one of which is shown in the accompanying illustration. It is made of wood, painted and varnished to represent a life-sized crow sitting upon a post. This post, by the way, was one to which the end of the clothes-line in the clothes-yard is attached on “blue Mondays,” and carried with it a pleasing little suggestion of the old nursery rhyme, ‘“‘along came a blackbird.”” The Germans are es- pecially skillful in devices of this sort, and it suggests a pleasant workroom occupation for the winter months, for one may cut out these figures for wind-vanes from metal or wood, paint them up and have them thoroughly dried and seasoned for putting out in the springtime to enhance the interest of the home landscape. HOUSE-PLANTS FOR SHADED WINDOWS HE window-garden in January will be worth every bit of the care and pains it requires and all the trouble it has already cost. Shaded window locations often prove stumbling blocks to the beginners at window-gardening, for the problem of what to make grow therein is one which pre- sents difficulties. Begonias, Primroses, Fuchias, and Ferns, Palms and other ornamental foliage plants will thrive where there is light, though no direct sunshine. It is a mistake to suppose a direct southern exposure the best location for AMERICAN HOMES A crow weather-vane from old Cape Cod. This was placed on a post in the clothes-yard, and formed an interesting silhouette against the gray winter sky AND GARDENS 453 house-plants, although next to a southeast window, which is the best, a south window comes in order of selection. FERNS FOR INDOORS UMEROUS requests have been received from readers for lists of Ferns for indoors, some desiring informa- tion as to the best varieties for potting and others wishing to know what Ferns are especially to be recommended for hanging baskets. Where one intends to place the Ferns in an unheated conservatory, the fol- lowing species are among the best to select: FOR POTTING—Adiatum Pe- datum, Asplenium cristatum, Polypod- ium vulgare cambricum, Pteris scab- erula, Scolopendrium vulgare crispum, Woodwardia radicans and Woodsia ilvensis. FOR BASKETS—Polystichum angulare, P. angulare proliferum, W oodwardia radicans and Athyrium felix faemina corybiferum. FOR WALL GROWING — Asplenium ma- rinum, Polypodium fatcatum, Poly- stichum aculeatum and Scolopendrium. Of course, there are many other varie- ties, but these few will be more than enough for the amateur indoor gard- ener. For ordinary room windows nearly all of the Ferns mentioned will prove successful, but the following are especially recommended for the indoor window garden: Polypodium aureum, Asplenium bulbiferum, Nephrodium molle, Cyrto- mium falcatum, Pteris cretica, Scolopendrium vulgare cris- pum, Pteris tremula, Polystichum angulare and Pteris cretica nobilis. There are few plants for indoors that give as much pleasure to the amateur as do Ferns, and one is careful to see that they are cleanly potted and in well-drained pots. The American Holly (/lex opaca) well deserves to be better known AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AHBLPS TO, hee HOUSEWIFE TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER- EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE December, 1911 SUBSTITUTES FOR THE PLUM PUDDING By Mary W. Mount Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals HEN Christmastide ushers in its joyous fes- tival of childhood, not one of us is proof against its exhilarating influences, however many the years that have left their frosts upon our heads. We forget everything ex- cept our youth; we revel in experiencing again the sensations of a care-free child; our step is buoyant, our feeling one of joyous goodwill towards all men. In heart and mind we are young once more; only our di- gestion reminds us, at the Christmas feast, that many indulgences in plum pudding and fruit cake, with all the other good things that make up a Christmas dinner, have taxed it until it refuses to be put to such test again. HIS condition in adults causes them to realize that it is not the part of wis- dom to allow children to gorge themselves with heavy desserts after a Christmas din- ner sufficiently heavy in itself. It is the | natural propensity of children to over- indulge in sweets, and Christmas is a sea- son when they are given greater—indeed, often unlimited—latitude in this respect. OOKERY has become an art so fine that a great number of desserts of deli- cious and digestible qualities may be prepared with far less effort and expense than are demanded by plum pud- ding and fruit cake. Seldom at a modern Christmas feast is a boar’s head, served in flaming spirits, borne to the table. If this formerly in- dispensable Christmas dish has given place to young roast pig with a red apple in its mouth upon a tastefully garnished platter, why, then, may not suet puddings find substitutes in more delicate and digestible, to say nothing of more decorative, dishes? OME of the most picturesque Christmas feasts of an- tiquity are associated in our minds with Viking revels and ceremonies. What more appropriate, then, for a mod- ern Christmas table than Viking foam, which is blanc mange, with bananas cut up in it and served in boat-like red banana skins? ‘These skins are stiffer and more boat-shaped than those of the yellow banana, and add a crimson holiday touch to the table, which is accentuated by a spray of holly in the ‘lwo delicious substitutes for the Phun Puddine: Island served in dish of glass, and Lemon Jelly decorated with Holly leaves of preserved Citron and berries shaped from candied Cherries prow and by rings, cut from candied cherries, around the edge of the blanc mange. The Viking craft should be sur- rounded by holly leaves and berries, or it may be served in a billow of whipped cream. ELLIES make attractive and suitable desserts at Christ- mastide, because they lend themselves so readily to decorative color schemes. Lemon jelly, for instance, made in a round mold, glows prettily in a wreath of holly leaves cut from green-tinted dried citron mingled with berries shaped from candied cherries. A similar decoration on the top of the jelly emphasizes its holiday appearance, and daintiness is added by a circle of whipped cream around it. This seasonable color plan finds another expression in snowy angel cake, adorned with a wreath of citron holly leaves, brightened by crimson gumdrops or candied cherries, each resting in the center of a marshmallow. ‘The under part of the marshmallows should be warmed in order to make them stick firmly to the cake. Mistletoe ber- ries, cut out of marshmallows, contrast with the circle of cherries or gumdrops that rest upon the lace doily on the high cake dish. NE of the simplest and most easily Gre of Christmas desserts is apple float, the foundation of which consists of _ peeled stewed apples mashed through a wire _ strainer to free them of seed and core. i Sweetened gelatin is al- lowed to thicken and is then added to the stiffly-whipped whites of eggs. Whipped cream is beaten into the frothy mixture and then the apples are, in turn, beaten with it until the whole is like a whitish foam. Sometimes persons merely add whipped or plain cream when serving the dish. A very charming Christmas effect is produced by serving the float in hol- lowed-out red apples, or coloring the edge with cran- berry juice and decorating the service dish with scarlet berries. Another dainty des- sert into which gelatin and whipped cream enter is formed of lady-fingers stuffed with whipped cream, stiffened with gelatin, into which finely chopped nuts have been stirred. This dessert is made additionally attractive by mixing grated cocoanut in the filling for some lady-fingers and chocolate in that for others. ID-WINTER fruits are always appropriate on a Christmas table, and a very decorative dessert con- sists of orange ice or orange jelly served in the skin of an A chocolate Floating December, 1911 This is an attractive way of serving a Charlotte Russe, the sprigs of Mistletoe (these may be artificial) giving it a holiday touch orange. It is very easy to scoop out an orange and, with a pair of scissors, cut the open circle of the skin in points. All sorts of ices may be served in such a receptacle and the effect is heightened if the fruit is placed upon a fragrant orange leaf. Desserts made of shredded fruits are gener- ally delicious, and one known as ambrosia may be given a rosy Christmas hue by using blood oranges in place of the ordinary amber-tinted variety. This dessert should be served in a glass bowl or high dish of a kind that will allow its variegated layers to show through, or it may be arranged in little glass baskets or individual dishes. In the bottom of the dish a layer of grated cocoanut looks like snow upon which rests a layer of sliced bananas and then one of shredded orange. ‘This arrangement is repeated until the dish is filled, when cocoanut is grated over the top. Orange juice percolates through the powdered sugar be- tween the fruit layers and soaks into banana and cocoanut. As a substitute for banana, shredded pineapple is often used, but the dessert does not fulfill the promise made by its name unless the fruit is fresh and ripe. O most of us our earliest recollections of Christmas are associated with snowballs, and the sight of a snow- ball revives memories of many a frolic in crisp wintry weather and, by mere suggestion, whets our appetites, as a lively game of snowballing was wont to sharpen them in childhood days. What, then, could be more appealing than a bowl of snowballs upon the Christmas table? The fact that snow has not entered into them but makes their appear- Christmas Dessert of layers of fruit, arranged for color effect AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS - Ar ingenious Egg-on-Toast Dessert. Un UA The “‘toast’’ is a slice of cake, the “‘egg”’ the half of a preserved peach in whipped cream ance more inviting. Snowballs of this sort may be made of cakes baked in jelly molds and with the round portion coy- ered with frosty icing, or they may be formed of blanc mange, served in whipped cream. Whatever its ingredients may be, however, the ball of simulated snow makes a very decorative dessert and lends itself to all manner of orna- mental methods of serving. WO most attractive and delicate desserts with which to conclude a Christmas dinner are birds’-nest custard and floating island. To make the former, peel enough sweet apples of equal size to afford each diner one, and then core, sugar and steam the apples until they are tender, but not soft. Place them in a baking dish and pour custard over them until the apples are almost entirely submerged, then add on the top of each apple a tablespoonful of stifly- beaten white of egg. Birds’-nest custard only requires a few moments to bake and is delicious. A pretty way to serve the dish is in a nest of evergreen. Almost everyone knows how to make floating island, which is equally delec- table chilled or warm, but those who have not attempted this dessert will find the following an excellent recipe and one which introduces the novelty of chocolate cream instead of boiled custard. To make the islands, beat the whites of three eggs until they are stiff and then take up a table- spoonful at a time and dip it into a saucepan that contains three cups of boiling milk. The islands cook quickly, when they are laid aside until wanted to lay over the cream. Stir half a tablet of grated chocolate in the milk and boil it for “Snowball” is one of the most attractive Christmas Desserts 456 Here one finds an excellent suggestion for arranging the Christmas Supper table. ‘The china is blue and white, the centerpiece and place- mats also blue and white, the same color scheme being carried out by use of the Chinese porcelain vase. This is filled with sprigs of Mistletoe eight or ten minutes, when the saucepan should be removed while the well-beaten yolks of the eggs are added. ‘The mixture is again placed on the fire, but not allowed to boil, while sugar and seasoning are stirred in. Floating island may be served in individual dishes or in a large shallow one. A very pretty effect is produced when the islands appear in beds of Christmas greens. For decorations of this sort, sprigs of Cedar, Crowfoot or Arbor-Vitea make most effective wreathes, while the southern States afford for wreathing dishes the feathery Tamarisk. S for the table service, it is a pleasant custom which provides that the Christmas feast initiate those pieces of tableware that have been received as Christmas gifts by host and hostess, especially if a donor is one’s guest. OT less important than the viands upon a Christmas table are those adornments which are intended to illus- trate the Christmas spirit of gladness and good-cheer. Tradition and association have everything to do with these. In some of our states, garlands of English Ivy represent Christmas greenery, and Roses, Violets, Scarlet Upas berries, Hibiscus and Poinsettias, in their various localities, lent the essential vivid color touch to the whole. Other states adorn their tables with Spicy Fir, Balsam, Ground Pine and Holly, with crimson-berried Wintergreen and pearly Mistletoe, while certain localities use Laurel and Crowfoot for holiday garlands, and the Pacific coast indulges in a riot of bright semitropic berries and vines at Christmastide. HE spirit of the season is always much more fitly ex- pressed in native foliage and flowers; by bringing in boughs and garlands that Nature has placed in our door- yards, than in anything that hothouses can produce. Christ- mas is a festival when all that is forced or artificial seems out of place; when the simplicity of wreathes twined from the crimson-berried foliage that glows greeting to us any day from adjacent groves harmonizes with the simplicity that marked the coming of the Christ child. Poinsettias are appropriate because we know that they are flaming in many a forest in our land at Christmastide; they have come, of their own accord, in the vivid panoply of good-cheer to brighten the children’s feast. And so whomsoever would successfully adorn a Christmas table will select the color scheme that centuries of custom and tradition have sup- plied—green and scarlet and white—and so preserve the associations of Christmas, and will gather the branches that lie nearest the home and that most nearly express the beauty that belongs to Christmas garlands and the fragrance most suggestive of all the joyous season’s good-cheer. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 “ HOW TO MANAGE THE KITCHEN STOVE By Phebe Westcott Humphreys ENON ee Oe cee es) a en os 0 nea Se HETHER the kitchen range or cook stove shall be the housekeeper’s best friend and _ strongest ally, or whether it shall stand before her grim, black and implacable, capable of providing daily exaspera- tion and despair, depends entirely upon its manage- ment. No sensible housewife will be satisfied to ac- knowledge herself defeated in solving all the details of this kitchen problem, upon which so much of the happiness of the home depends. When temporarily or permanently without a cook, the housewife who under- stands the requirements of check drafts and oven damp- ers, the making and (still, more important) the keep- ing, and the intelligent using of her kitchen fire, can be reasonably sure of retaining the happiness of her entire household. A change of servants and a consequent change in culinary management has little terror for the homemaker who can instruct her help as to the best methods of build- ing a fre; how to keep a coal fire without rekindling from day to day; having it comparatively dormant to avoid waste of coal between meals, yet ready to spring into brisk activ- ity and steady heat when required for quick use; how to control the ashes and prevent waste in cinders and half- burned coal; how to bank the fire at night; how to secure good results in the management of the oven; to care for the firebrick; to prevent the formation of clinkers and avoid the danger of fire from over-heated chimney flues; and all the other details that enter into the problem of the proper man- agement of the kitchen range. BUILDING THE FIRE HEN a flood of blinding smoke pours out into the room on starting a fresh fire, and the dampers are open that provide direct draft for taking the smoke up the chimney, it will be important to have the chimney flue examined. A quantity of soot will sometimes be found to be lodged near the opening of the pipe damper, and this can be removed by the housewife from the little cleaning door set in the pipe or flue near the damper. When the difhculty is more serious, and the accumulation of soot is farther up the flue, out of reach from the kitchen side of the range, a thorough cleaning of the chimney will be im- portant; and when this is done by a man who understands his business, one cleaning, at the time that the smoke nuisance first asserts itself, should suffice for the entire season; for after that the housewife will be able to keep the soot from accumulating while fires are in constant use during the win- ter. When good drafts are assured, so far as absence of soot-choked chimneys is concerned, the management of dampers must be understood. If it has been necessary to clean out the range before starting a new fire, the ash dam- per at the bottom of the range must be closed after having opened it to encourage the fine ashes to go up the chimney instead of out into the kitchen during the raking and grate- dumping process. Then see that the oven damper is also closed, as both the ash damper and the oven damper, when open, will prevent a direct draft up the chimney so essen- tial for starting a fire.’ With only the pipe damper or the flue damper open, and the front door of the grate and the lower door below the grate (or the ash door) wide open, there will be a good draft through the grate to encourage a brisk fire from the start. With the problem of the dam- pers solved, and the grate free from cinders and ashes, the first layer of fire-starting material should be lightly crumpled paper; then several rolls of tightly twisted newspaper, and some shavings or fine kindling, before laying on the larger pieces of wood. ‘This material should be loosely arranged, December, 1911 jack-straw fashion, in order that the flame may draw through it quickly, and ignite the large sticks of wood if it is to be simply a temporary wood fire, or the coal if it is to start a permanent range fire. T is usually customary to allow the kind- lings and the larger pieces of wood to be- come well burned to glowing red before putting on the coal. A better plan is to place a loose layer of coal on the wood, in such a manner as not to pack down the kindlings, that should be crossed and lodged so that the blaze from the paper can draw through with a quick strong draft. When carefully laid, close the upper covers of the range, open the necessary damper and un- der doors, light the paper from beneath, and when the kindlings have burned away and the heavier pieces of wood and the thin layer of coal are bright and glowing, add more coal, a little at a time, until the fire is well established and several inches thick. GOOD HEAT, AND. COAL ECONOMY. HEN well started, a good range fire should continue from day to day without rekindling, and with a certainty of good heat and little waste of coal. It is important that the fire should be evenly established over the entire grate, as a one- sided fire with a good depth of bright coals in the front of the grate, and a bank of dead ashes at the back, will be not only hard to manage, but unsatisfactory in the cooking and baking processes. A _long- handled poker is an important accessory; one that will reach to the back of the grate when poked in at the front. This should be used “flat,” when it is necessary to stir the fire gently into renewed activity. In other words, instead of inserting the poker point side up, into the mass of partially dormant coal and cinders, and giving a vigorous shaking, that will bring the coals down into the ash pan, simply use the poker sidewise, with point flat on the grate; push it back to the extreme end of the grate, and withdraw it once or twice to loosen and remove the fine ashes from beneath, without disturbing the coal. This will pro- duce sufficient draft, with the door damper and the flue damper open, to start the tiny blue flames through the dormant fire that will result in a clear, bright fire over the entire grate in a few moments after open- ing the dampers. Thin layers of fresh coal over this glowing surface should be added as required, during the cooking and the baking. This is more satisfactory than a thick layer of coal at the start, that will require a long wait before the fire is bright enough to use. After this brisk burning, when it is again necessary to bank the fire for keeping it partially dormant, do not attempt to bank it with fresh coal on a well burned ash-covered surface. First put on a layer of coal to become thoroughly ignited, and while clear and bright, before it has had time to waste its heat, bank with another layer of coal, close all drafts and open the check draft, or partially remove one of the top covers of the range, to keep it dormant until another gentle stirring from the bottom and opening of dampers calls it into renewed vigor. The ashes should be removed and the ash pan emptied every morning to prevent burning out the grate, and to insure good drafts from beneath. TO INSURE GOOD BAKING. HILE the broiling, stewing, boiling, and frying on the top of the range will present few difficulties to the house- wife when the making and the economical keeping of the fire is understood, the man- agement of the oven frequently presents many difficulties. The important point of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS keeping the top of the oven free from ashes should not be overlooked. Remove the upper covers of the range at least twice a week and give the top of the oven a good brushing, with a broad flat brush kept for this purpose. Then (a point too fre- quently overlooked), clean the oven from beneath. A narrow opening will be found directly beneath the oven with a little hinged door, or a narrow cap to be re- moved, for inserting a long-handled cleaner or scraper that comes with the range for this purpose. Scrape away all the accumu- lation of soot and fine ashes, and the brisk- ness of oven heat that results will well repay for the extra trouble. When the oven is clean within, as well as underneath and on top, the special oven damper must be opened to insure good heating, and even, dependable temperature throughout the baking. Then with a good clear fire in the grate, the oven heat may be regulated en- tirely from the damper. After finishing the baking and the roasting, close the oven damper; as the heat thus thrown into the oven checks the direct draft into the flue, there is an unnecessary waste of coal in forcing the fire to keep the oven hot when not in use. TO PREVENT CLINKERS. We. clinkers are allowed to form and choke the fire, it becomes difficult to retain an even depth of bright coals. The fire becomes ash-clogged and “sulky,” and it is necessary to clean out the entire grate and start a new fire, when this task might be readily avoided by a little care in preventing the formation of the mass of hardened coal and ash known as a clinker. Shaking down the fire unnecessarily will often form the clinkers, when a careful loosening of the ashes would keep the fire free and open. Some qualities of coal are more apt to “clinker” than others; but whether the fault lies in the coal or its management, one of the simplest devices for preventing the formation of the ob- struction is to throw a few oyster shells into the fire while it is burning brightly. The lime in the shells dissolves the min- erals in the coal which form the clinkers. It will not be necessary to keep a large quantity of shells on hand, or to use them often, but it is a wise economy to save the shells that accumulate during the Winter, when these bivalves appear frequently on the home bill of fare. One or two shells laid on the coals when the fire has been forced and the hot coals and ashes seem in- clined to clinker in the bottom of the grate will prevent the difficulty. When the com- pact bed of coals and the bottom of the grate is kept free from the clinkers, they sometimes form on the sides of the fire- box, and the firebrick will be injured if they are knocked off carelessly. The burn- ing of the shells before attempting to re- move them will soften them so that they can be rubbed off with the poker without breaking the lining of the firebox. IMPORTANT DETAILS. HE range should be so well managed that all the heat needed can be secured without having the top red hot, as this will warp the centers and covers. When the top of the stove becomes very hot on iron- ing day, or in the preparation of the meals, special care must be taken that no cold water is spilled upon it, or the water in contact with the intense heat may cause the iron to crack. T is important to have the range bright and clean at all times, but laborious daily polishing is not necessary. A handful of crumpled newspaper rubbed briskly over the entire surface after each meal, especially Add to your own pleasure this year by present- ing a gift that conveys the value of intrinsic merit as well as the thought of per- sonal sentiment. GlobeWernicke Sectional Bookcases in Sheraton and other art styles of real mahogany and beautifully fig- ured oak are always acceptable as holiday gifts, being as decorative as they are useful in the home. Att catalogue containing many clever suggestions for Individual Christmas Libraries mailed on request. Also copy of Hamilton W. Mabie’s new booklet “‘The Blue Book of Fiction.’’ Such publications will help you solve the holiday problem. Prompt Shipments and Freight Prepaid Everywhere. Address Dept. A.H. She Globe“Wernicke Co., Cincinnati Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway Boston, 91-93 Federal St. Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut Street Washington, 1218-1220 F. Street, N. W. Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Avenue Cincinnati, 128-134 Fourth Avenue, East AOL Sh EN RS ory i; fombanenaitt tomsh ha Aichat tara Oriental Rugs and Carpets) @ A December offering of Persian and Caucasian Rugs especially | suitable for gift purposes. 1@ Authentic specimens of new | and old weaves. @ Guaranteed as to color and | quality. @ Call or write for information re- garding sizes, qualities, prices, etc. John W. Graham & Co. 1710 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 White Pines planted fur Mr. E. H. Coe, Hewlett. Long Ieland, These were selected in our nursery and planted the following week In the background is a group of Red Cedars planted at the same time. Trees which save you twenty-five years ip one week i 1s a new achievement i in the nursery business. Plant Evergreens This Winter ON'T think evergreen planting can’t be done because there is frost in the ground. The frost does not interfere. The ground does not freeze deeply under our evergreens and they can easily be dug, while on your lawn the frost can be kept out by a little mulching. Even if it should be frozen, a few minutes work with a pickaxe breaks through the crust and does not add twenty-five cents additional cost to the planting of a twenty-dollar tree. The frost helps in other ways. Hicks’ is the nursery you have heard about where large trees are kept root-pruned and moved apart so they are perfect specimens. For large trees, 6 to 40 feet high, the winter is a particularly good time to move them. We have several thousand of just such trees in our nursery that will save you from 6 to 50 years as compared with the ordinary nursery stock that’s three feet high. If you can’t come to our nursery and select just the trees you want, then write us how many you want, not failing to state the particular Jocation and purposes for which you are going to use them and we wil! make the selections for you. Why not order a carload of White Pines 10 to 25 feet high? They are the cheapest big trees because they are shipped direct from the fields where they are growing wild, and we have root-pruned them so they can be more economically moved. Are there wild cedars in your vicinity? The cheapest way is for us to supply the apparatus, and one or more men, and work with your teams and men. Send for our literature. You will find it of great assistance in deciding on the evergreens you want, and the easiest way to order them. Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury, Long Island @ Artistic Hardware and Locks for residence or public building. Many SARGENT patterns. Catalogueon request Hardware Sargent & Co.,>8teonardst. Just Published Garages and Motor Boat Houses Compiled by WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK @ This work contains a collection of selected designs for both private and commercial buildings, showing the very latest ideas in their planning and construction. @ There are 136 illustrations of garages and motor boat houses, consisting of plans and exterior views reproduced from photographs. @ These designs have been contributed by twenty-four well known architects from different sections of the United States. @ The book is divided into five sections as follows: Private Country and Suburban Garages. Private City Garages. Suburban and City Public Garages. Motor Boat Garages. Garage Equipment and Accessories. @ Neatly bound in board and cloth. Size 7% x 10% inches. 119 pages. Price $2.00, Postpaid MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York SHEEP MANURE Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens— Bar 1S trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit. RREL EQuA 00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of WAGON LOADS . Missouri River—Cash with order. STABLE; | Write for interesting booklet and quantity prices. MANURE. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill. SAV They are too precious to lose. Get expert tree surgeons to examine them and advise you as to what they need. YOUR Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers, Our free booklets explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey. TREES Write forthem. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., 1212 Ash Street, Kent, Ohio “Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book ~> BT tat tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and 2 fac that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer-' ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 E Pern St, Reading, Pa, Fs GINSENG 23 toa Canada. Our booklet AV tells particulars. Send 4 cents for postage. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. $25,000.00 from one-half acre. Easily grown Beautify Lawn or Terrace ” Tawn Protuesr KALAK A Lawn Producer Comes up anywhere, all itneeds is soil and moisture. Seed and fertilizer scientifically mixed to produce marvelous results. Hundreds praise its great efficiency. Cheaper, goes further than common seed. Ask for FREE Booklet, ‘‘ How to Make a Lawn.”' | The Kalaka Co., #252 =c22n25Are: Chicago, Ill. ORCHIDS You can grow them in your greenhouse. Write to-day for illustrated Orchid book with full in- formation, description and prices, or visit our nurseries. JULIUS ROEHRS CoO. Rutherford, N. J. Exotic Nurseries after the top of the range has been spat- tered by frying processes, will keep it evenly polished. ie is a mistake to keep poking at the top of the fire when it refuses to come up quickly after being banked. It is also a mistake to shake down the fire briskly with the regular shaker at such times, as this will cause it to fall down into a solid mass through which the air cannot circulate and the draft will be poor; but after loosening the mass of ashes carefully from beneath with the poker, open the under drafts for quick results. O not close all the drafts as soon as the coal is put on for banking the fire at night, but let it burn for a short time; then on closing the drafts for the night ‘there will be little danger of escaping coal gas. EDELWEISS S everyone knows, the Swiss Govern- ment has been very active in promul- gating a campaign against indiscriminate picking of the Edelweiss, the flower famous for its association with the Alpine country, in its poetry and in the hearts of every traveler. There is hardly a tourist in Switz- erland who has not returned with a bit of Edelweiss. Unfortunately, visitors have ruthlessly torn the plant by its roots and so have almost exterminated it. However, it is worth knowing that a thriving industry in Edelweiss is carried on through the sum- mer season at Fontenoy and Chantilly, villages just outside the gates of Paris, where Edelweiss grows even more freely under cultivation there than it does near the snowiest peaks of the Alps, so that even the Swiss shops of Geneva and elsewhere are enabled to supply the never-ceasing de- mand for this flower, which is thus obtained from France and often sold with myste- rious secrecy over the Swiss counters to the unsuspecting tourist. ON GOOD TASTE IN INTERIOR DECORATION (Continued from page 449) too uncomfortable to offer any one but un- welcome guests. Furniture should always be chosen with an eye to harmonious re- lationship of each piece to every other piece, not only in the matter of color, design and texture of wood, but also in the matter of upholstery, so the eye may not be arrested by a jarring note as it takes a survey of the room. Ll? has been said that nothing is more dif- ficult than the employment of a one- toned color scheme. However, I do not think this is true, but has probably crept into our belief by reason of the fact that one-toned effects are usually more pleasing’ and richer in appearance than almost any other sort and to the uninitiated suggest their being the result of much effort and expense. As a matter of fact there is no color scheme which better develops one’s sense of harmony in color effects than ex- perimenting with kindred-toned colors. While the use of the word “tone” should be confined to musical consideration, it is used here by reason of its common accept- ance in connection with discussions of color. Of course, experimenting is a costly matter and one cannot always afford to do that in decoration. However, if the walls, woodwork, curtains, flooring, ceiling, rugs and pictures are right almost everything else, if there is not too much of it, will adjust itself to the whole scheme and as time goes on the elimination suggested in one of the preceding paragraphs may be December, Ig11 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi commenced. If one feels that the scheme for walls, curtains, ceilings and woodwork, which may be chosen in accordance with the dictates of good taste, would seem to approach monotony, let it be remembered that the notes of color which will be in- troduced by bindings of books, surfaces of brass, the green of growing plants, silken cushions, or well chosen bric-a-brac, etc., will supply relief from anything approach- ing monotony, and the well chosen rugs will do much to introduce just the color note desired in the room. FURNISHING PROBLEMS: LIVING-ROOM, DEN, AND DINING-ROOM. READER of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS requests suggestions for color schemes in the decoration of the space above wainscoting of living-room and den. These rooms are paneled to a height of four and one-half feet, and have beamed ceilings. The woodwork is North Carolina pine stained nut-brown, and the furniture selected for both rooms has the same finish. The reader had planned to use yellow above the paneling, which paneling extends four and one-half feet above the floor. Suggestions are also requested for dining-room decoration, in which room the paneling runs up to a height of five feet from the floor, finished with a plate-shelf, the furniture of the dining-room being quartered oak stained nut-brown like the room’s woodwork. ELLOW as a color scheme for the living-room and den would prove most satisfactory, but inasmuch as these two rooms have a southwestern exposure which furnishes good light at all hours, it would be the better plan to reserve the yellow for the dining-room, using a gray-green or an old Italian blue for the living-room and in the den. Either gray-green or the blue will harmonize with the nut-brown color of the woodwork and of the furniture. The decorations should be given the gray-green unless there are notes of color in the other furnishings of a nature that would provide a better harmony if the Italian blue were used. The space between the ceiling beams had best be tinted a slightly lighter shade than the woodwork itself. Tinting the space between the beams with color is often done but almost always brings into a room a sense of formal coldness and often an effect that is bizarre and not homelike. VER the living-room mantelpiece it would be well to insert a plaster bas- relief of some sort or size; Donatello’s “Singing Boys” would be an excellent sub- ject for this purpose. The bas-relief frieze in question can be obtained in plaster with old ivory finish in almost any large shop dealing in plaster casts, or it could be or- dered directly from reliable manufacturers of such casts, whose addresses may always be obtained by application to various direc- tors of art museums throughout the coun- try, if the home-builder does not happen to know of them. Instead of considering the room which is called a den as such, it would be well to plan to have it a library and to furnish it accordingly. All one’s books and the desk could be placed in this room, just leaving the living-room free for a family sitting- room. Built-in book shelves should occupy the space between the window and the liv- ing-room door, with a desk opposite where light could be had from the window. These shelves should run up four and one-half feet so that the top may be in line with the wainscoting. Curtains of coarse ecru net or scrim, gathered on small brass rods both top and bottom, should be fastened to the windows themselves so the curtains will not Solid St. Jago Mahogany Reading Stand, as illustrated —in Wood, Workmanship and Finish a Representative Example of TOBEY HAND-MADE FURNITURE—$25 Few persons, comparatively, appreciate the wide differ- ence in the qualities of mahogany in the market today; or realize the superiority of the finest hand-workmanship over the best factory grades; or know the possibilities in finishing fine woods in such a way as to bring out the full beauty of their grains and colorings. It is for these reasons that we submit for present consideration the moderate-priced Tobey Hand-Made Reading Desk shown above, in the hope that it may go into many American homes, and that by it we may be able to demonstrate what we believe to be the highest standard of furniture making the world has yet known. We are willing and anxious that your opinion of TOBEY HAND- MADE FURNITURE shall rest upon the comparison which this reading stand sustains with any other article of furniture in your home. THE LOBBY BURNT URE COM PANY CHICAG O— Wabash Avenue and Washington Street NEW YORK—Eleven West Thirty-Second Street woods by special machinery. ing or swelling is impossible. Write for your copy today Morgan Company, Dept. A, Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md. | Get the Best —the strongest, lightest and most _ beautifully grained doors made. The standard doors of America, made in the special Morgan way from special * Morgan »: doors are specified and recommended by all leading architects. Built of separate layers of kiln dried wood with the grain running in opposite directions. Shrinking, warp- Each door is stamped “MORGAN” which guar- ! antees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. | Besure your doors bear the “MORGAN” stamp. Send for a copy of our elegant new catalog **‘The Door Beautiful’’— just out—full of page illustrations of interiors and attractive exteriors in all styles, showing Morgan Doors and their surroundings—tells why it is the best kind of economy to use Morgan Doors throughout your building. Oskosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago 4 fk fs t { ¥ ) a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1911 Half the irritability in domestic pets can be traced directly to a lack of pure drinking water when they are thirsty. Your pets will appre- iate pure water to drink just as keenly as you do—why not see that they have a plentiful supply, free from contamination in a Moe’s Top Fill Drinking Fountain For Domestic Animals It always supplies just enough pure water in the trough—will never slop over—dog can’t up-setit. Dead air space keeps water Cool in Summer, Warm in Winter. Simple in con- struction—just remove cover and fill from top—water ceases to flow when top is re- moved—no valves to get out of order. Nickel plated, holds quart and a pint. If not at deal- k ers, will be sent on receipt of price, $3.50. Silver plated, $5.00. Satisfaction guaranteed. OTIS & MOE, 544 S. Dearborn St., Chicago HESS sy‘ LOCKER Speedy, TheOnly Modern,Sanitary i) a) STEEL Medicine Cabinet or locker finished in snow-white, baked everlasting enamel, inside and out. Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nicke) plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass shelves. Costs Less Than Wood Never warps. shrinks, nor swells Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned Should Be In Every Bath Room ee Four styles—four sizes. deal wall or to hang outside. silt waame trated circular. The Recessed Stee! HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago Medicine Cabinet A/akers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet To recess in Send for illus Two Things You Need FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring for garbage, deep in the ground in metal receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket with bail. No freezing. No odors, Avoid the battered can and scattered refuse resulting from removal of frozen contents. Health demands it. Opens with the Foot AME pesreeretsondl Underground Garbage Receiver aS {Underfloor Refuse Receiver Vrace wane SECOND: This clean, convenient way .of disposing of ashes from furnace or hot water heater, cellar and yard refuse, Fireproof, flush with floor. Abolish the old ash-barrel. Nine Years in practical use. IT PAYS TO LOOK US UP. Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each, Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mtge. 21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass. Easy to sweep into SS) TU ta 2 CHRISTMAS DINNERS FOR = ; a 300,000 | : POOR PEOPLE Will be supplied by The Salvation Army Throughout the United States Will you help by sending a donation no matter how simul! TO COMMANDER MISS BOOTH |. | 118 W. 14th Street, New York City Western States, Commissioner Estill, 669 S. State St., Chicago blow to and fro or be in the way when the casement windows are open. The materials should be ecru Himalaya or Egyptian cloth hung to drop in straight folds that come just to the sill. They will be all the draperies that the room will require. These inside curtains can of course be all the same color as the wall above the wainscoting, which will be the best plan. Inasmuch as the wainscoting gives to the room a finished appearance and helps to furnish it, one will find when the furniture is placed in such a room very few ornaments will be required to complete the decoration. A few well- chosen prints after old masters framed in narrow brown molding will look well on the walls, preferably photographic prints that are brown in tone. The yellow of brass is also attractive against brown woodwork and it should be introduced into the living- room; a pair of Russian brass-branched candlesticks could be placed on the mantel- piece, brass andirons on the hearth, and a good lamp with a brass or opalescent shade for the table. Inasmuch as the reader desires a yellow room this color can be used to some extent in the dining-room in addi- tion to the tinting of the walls. If the yel- low chosen is a deep one running to the orange, care must be taken in selecting the tint to have it equivalent in value to the brown of the woodwork. The wainscoting should stop at the height of the fireplace to give an unbroken line around the room. Any really good old china should be placed on the plate-shelf, but just here one feels bound to protest against the introduction of plate shelves to contain ordinary and unattractive pieces of porcelain or pottery, which not only detract from the room but have no reason for so conspicuous a place. One sees no reason for introducing a win- dow-seat into the bay of a dining-room, as there 1s not any too much wall space in an average room of this sort; it would be far better to have the bay reconstructed to accommodate a_ built-in sideboard with high windows overhead. WHAT TO FEED DOGS IN WINTER By T. C. TURNER HEN dogs are kept around the house, as is often the case, the greatest harm results, not so much from the quality of the food they get, but from their being fed too frequently. Scraps of food are given them at all times, with no thought as to its being the proper meal time or not, and this unfits a dog to receive a really good feeding at regular intervals. As a rule twice in twenty-four hours will be plenty to feed, that is to say, a light breakfast, and a good meal towards evening; a con- venient hour (say 5 P. M., or at whatever regular time can be established) should be set. However, once the hour is set, great care must be taken to follow it with promptness. Table scraps make excellent dog food, but care must be taken to avoid anything approaching rich gravies, too much fat, or pastry. Of course, as with human beings, the dog requires more food in winter than in summer; more fatty sub- stances, too, can be taken during the cold months, but in all matters of feeding the circumstances under which the dog lives, and its own peculiarities, should be watched and taken into consideration. A variety of food is of the utmost im- portance. The less exercise a dog gets the greater the need of care with regard to his feeding. Meat should be regularly fed in moderation, and never entirely withheld.. Vegetables also should be given, but can- » The benefits of outdoor life but none of its discomforts, are realized in 4 The Burlington Venetian Blind In your windows it makes your room delight- fully cool. Enclose your porch with the Burlington Venetian Blind and you have added a healthful out-of-door room to your home. / The Burlington Venetian Blind can be raised or lowered at will, and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of the sun. The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only. \Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles, will be mailed to you on request. Burlington Venetian Blind Co. 339 Lake St. Burlington, Vt. Bristol’s Recording Thermometers Continuously and automatically record indoor and outdoor atmos- pheric temperatures. Useful and ‘ornamental for country homes. Write for illustrated Bulletin No. 124 and No. 125. THE BRISTOL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut PROTEC Your floors and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes, If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. HIS beautiful fireside basket, 24 inches, in forest colors, gray, green and brown, $5.00 prepaid. A most substantial and wel- come Christmas gift. Pohlson’s Gift Shop Pawtucket, R. I. ALL Pumps xis CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers ~ Tale off gour Hat toThe Myers” BEST PUMP ON EARTH. = Write for Circulars and Prices FE: MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works ae, - Che Bayberry Bip A suggestion for Xmas gifts from Old New England—qguaint old-fashioned pair of seven-inch Bayberry Candles, dipped of pure Bayberry wax, with interesting illumi- nated card and motto of the “Legend of the Bayberry Dip.”” 50 cents postpaid. POHLSON’S GIFT SHOP Pawtucket, R. I. December, 1911 not quite be considered as a basic food; they act rather as a means to keep the dog in good condition. One of the most important facts to bear in mind, in preparing dog food, is that all foods given should be well cooked. Raw flesh should be given but very sparingly, not more than once a week, and then it should be well looked to that it is of good quality and absolutely fresh. When dogs are not fed from the table, what is known as butcher’s refuse can be procured at little cost, but all food of this sort requires to be well boiled and any excess of fat skimmed off. Never omit adding a little salt to the dog’s food, as the saline particles are as important to him as to man. Many of the patent foods on the market are excellent. The writer prefers to scald those in the form of biscuit until they are well soaked. Then all excess of water should be strained off and this food given when cool. Never feed a dog with really hot food; not that he will, as a rule, take it, except he is very hungry, but because it is not good for him. Foods just warm dur- ing the cold months are preferable to really cold food. One of the best methods of keeping a dog in good condition is to feed him boiled liver once a week, taking par- ticular care that the meat is well cooked. Thicken the gravy in which it has been: boiled, and add plenty of stale bread. Don’t feed too freely on this, for dogs are very fond of it, and will eat an almost unlimited quantity, and it is a mistake to assume that a dog knows when he has had enough. This diet should also be prepared for the dog kept around the house, once a week, in place of table scraps. Each dog should have his own special feeding dish ; he should be fed from nothing else, either in house or kennel, and the dish should be kept clean with the same care that is exercised with the dish for the master’s table. When table scraps are used, mix in among them a little stale bread and when possible a little gravy to moisten. Do not attempt to feed with poultry or game; neither are good for dogs of any breed. A water pan should be provided for the dog, kept well filled with fresh water, and kept always in the same spot. Bones should be given about once a week, they furnishing him with never-ending en- tertainment, and are also very valuable in helping to develop the jaws and in keep- ing the teeth clean and in good order. However, care must be exercised that there are not any with broken or sharp edges in the bones fed to the dog, and that small bones are not given him, as these are par- ticularly dangerous, catching in his throat and otherwise injuring him. The size of the bone must be considered in proportion to the size of the dog; anyway, one that he could not possibly get into his throat. Never allow a dog violent exercise within at least one hour after his feeding. Such exercise as they themselves will take, which is usually little or none, will not injure them, but the worst possible results come from taking a dog from a hearty meal and over-walking him. I have known of a case where a dog died within a few hours from over-exertion after feeding. In conclusion, I may say, that in order to have healthy dogs, one must watch them closely to become well acquainted with their special needs. Then will be found that there is little trouble in keeping them in good condition. AMERTCAN TOMES AND GARDENS The Ideal Gift Beauty and utility unite to make a Handel Lamp the per- fect Christmas gift. It will re- main a treasured part of the home surroundings for years. HANDEL LAMPS embody the highest ideals in art and the most painstaking skill in craftsmanship. Handel Lamps and Fixtures provide practical and artistic lighting effects. Made for electricity, gas or oil, they are adaptable to any home, anywhere. In making up your list of Christmas gifts, be sure to include one or more Handel pieces. Lampillustrated, No. 5339, for Christ- mas delivery, $29.00 For women, a boudoir, desk or piano lamp is especially appropriate. For men, a reading lamp or one of the arts and crafts fixtures for den or library will prove most acceptable. At leading jewelers or lighting fixture dealers you can select a Handel Lamp or Fixture to suit any taste or harmonize with any setting. Upon request, we will gladly refer you to the dealer nearest you. Look for the name “Handel” on every lamp. Send for Booklet, “Suggestions for Good Lighting,” which will assist you to make a suitable selection. The Handel Company 393 East Main Street, MERIDEN, CONN. New York Showrooms, 64 Murray Street Just Published DETACHED DWELLINGS Country and Suburban PART II. A series of treatises on country and suburban houses, ranging in cost from $5,000 to $7,500, and their landscape environment, contributed by architects of established reputation in this class of work. Aittractively illustrated by half-tone engravings showing the latest accomplishments in domestic and landscape architecture. The book has a two-fold interest, not only as a volume of delightful literary work and illustration, but as a reference book on country and suburban dwellings of exceptional value. The illustrations comprise | 12 plates of half-tone reproductions and 38 text illustrations. Cloth bound. Size 9 x 12% inches. Price $5.00 postpaid MUNN & CO,, Inc. 361 Broadway, New York gs HOTEL CHAMBERLIN xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS = At Old Point Comfort, Virginia e Spend Your Holidays Here No other place offers such anusual attractions or affords such perfect facilities for rest and recreation. First take the Hotel itself. Its location is unique— at Hampton Roads and Fortress Monroe, in the centre of military and naval activities. A glance at the illustra- tion above shows The Chamberlin—right at the water’s edge, commanding an unrivalled marine view. Luxurious lounging rooms, sun parlors, etc., make for rest and comfort. The sea air is invigorating. Indoor sea bathing in a magnificent pool, which rivals in splendor of appointment the baths of Ancient Rome, is one of the most enjoyable and beneficial gardens. Many count the cuisine of The Chamberlin as its first features of The Chamberlin. So airy and light is this attraction—the one that lingers longest and fondest in memory. For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at all Tourist Bureaus or Transportation Offices, or address me personally. : sea pool, that bathing in it is next to bathing outdoors. There is a constantly changing supply of pure, fresh, filtered sea water of an agreeable temperature. There are medical and tonic baths, also—of every kind and description—in charge of an expert. By day, there are military and naval manoeuvres, trips through surrounding historic country, golf, tennis, boating, etc. In the evenings, there is dancing for those who wish it. The cuisine is perfect—real Southern cooking—fresh oysters and sea food from nearby waters—fresh vegetables from our own SIO DCILOOCSACAPIOPZSIOOLLD IL, CY GEORGE F. ADAMS, Manager, Fortress Monroe, Va. New York Office, 1122 Broadway VILA LA LAA LARLLSASALASLLLIZAAAAALMAAL LA LA ALLMLACPLLLKLLLLALZLLLLLL , a DE QREVIEW gy ~_ REVIEWS f an DD, PRL for your periodicals, you should see our Catalog, containing a list of 3000 magazines and club offers, at prices that will surprise you. It is the handsomest and most complete Magazine Guide ever published, filled with all the latest and best club offers at rates, lower than you think possible. YOU cannot afford to be without it. In ordering your magazines, be sure you use a HANSON catalog. Accept no substitute. The name HANSON stands for promptness and reliability in the magazine field. It is so accepted by all leading publishers. THIS CATALOG FOR 1912 is FREE for the asking. It will As SAVE YOU MONEY — RMS Send us your name and address today. We'll do the rest. J. M. Hanson Magazine Agency 167 HANSON BLOCK, LEXINGTON, KY. Fill in This Coupon and Mail to Us J. M. HANSON, Lexington, Ky. Please send me FREE of expense to me, this Catalog for 1912. i UR GPC Bo = See 2000000 EDITION’ | CLUBBING PRICE LIST December, 1911 Ui NEW BOOKS j THE Book or Fern Cutture, by Alfred Hemsley, F.R.H.S. New York: John Lane Company. Cloth crown, 8vo. _II- lustrated, 112 pages. Price, $1.00 net. This is a volume on practical fern culture by a writer who is an authority on the sub- ject he handles through twenty-one chap- ters. Ferns, or rather most of them, are no longer regarded as semiaquatics, to be kept continually moist and under heavy shading and green glass. It has been fully proved in practice that those things are a great abomination, and Mr. Hemsley’s vol- ume, containing as it does careful instruc- tion on the subject, will be of the greatest service to any one wishing to beautify the garden with ferns. POMANDER WALK, by Louis N. Parker. New York. John Lane Company. 1911. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 267 pages. Price, $1.30 net. This volume is a novelization of Louis N. Parker’s successful play. In Pomander Walk the author of “Rosemary” has told one of the sweetest stories in fiction, and not only to those who have seen the play, but to others who have not, Pomander Walk is recommended as a delightful, re- freshing and wholesome story. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ANNUAL FoR 1911- 1912, edited by Arthur D. Goodole. New York. Tennant & Ward. 1911. Paper, 8vo. Illustrated. 293 pages. Price 50 cents. Considerable alteration has been made in the arrangement of matter in this Photo- graphic Annual, and many new features have been introduced which are of special service to all interested in photographic matters. A very interesting chapter is taken up with the subject of home-made papers and another with the preparation of lantern slides. A SHORTER CouRSE IN WoopworKING. A Practical Manual for Home and School. By Charles G. Wheeler. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1911. 8vo.; 286 pages; 765 illustrations. Price, $1.50. Manual training is so great an addition to the general curriculum that its exponents are apt to be either professional teachers, whose knowledge of the subject is super- ficial, or skilled mechanics, whose ideas of teaching are somewhat crude. This ‘Short- er Course” is intended to help both classes and the independent student as well. Its first division, “Common Tools and Their Uses,” is very exhaustive and clear, being so profusely illustrated that the figures are often some pages in advance of the text which refers to them. The second part, “Operations in Shaping, Fitting and Fin- ishing,” tells how to miter, dowel, splice, cleat, chamfer, and groove. This division also gives instructions for moldings, for panel and door making, and for the ele- mentary operations in simple carved work. An appendix deals with such primary prin- ciples of construction as are embodied in gates, simple bridges, and roofs, and with practical problems in drawing and in laying out work. In every way the manual excel- lently fulfills the purposes with which it set out, and is a worthy follower of the same author’s ‘“‘Woodworking for Beginners.” December, IgI1 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS sos, [ole fecoccdpocco fe} fj ocndocco ta AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume VIII. feocoorpooco fay (Oj key om EAGLES IO} $y BAASILLIIN Est 4EBEE QA LAA EY) IO) (PIG LISI Zz) NED EX January—December, 1911 sik K S WN as nN Jocoahoooof| eo CT RZ RD) [Of cooGacoo I (O]] PSocoatpooce; Sai peoccar occ fay ENC 1) WeZe Zooooicon tes LG Zz IO: PmeEFEIONS. Dee Gardenias. ih yeni saa jee 2 2 414 California home, a handsome und practical...341 Garden— Memountann lodges s-.55+.0 207 Anes ee 3930 5 Camenaychickssandstheseeseee seen aoe ee 98 Barnard, George E., Ipswich, Mass.........207 EMeNOGHIE SHORE COLLASes ean anne deck ee 440 Camera in the gaiden, the................... 232 from seeds, a woman’s two-year old........ $3 AGO BS hee eases Sees CeO Ea 35a Campin ce saathencounttayeerie poise ecient oe 257 iMipAIMeriecas them |Apalleseseremiales bi onic = 137 An old farmhouse that became new.......... 375), Camps; a group! of modern. .....:.....+-4..-. 258 landmarks) transforming ...26. -...---...--308 MMaAlse planting tablevotenccess os. . fie HOM NCaremot? the .nanSercmccea wise eames ean 456 MMIMYMOKS BVA? Bsoasoocraedaccose soA500- 204 PVEDOR a CAnGenemintatiiesm oe sercin. eens: 204 Cement “house: ever Mamet s tutes neta Se 92-93, 96 MOLE SRS ee Rte oxen Th eee le oes sie 33, 76 Architects— Chicks#andithescamenansa neste ieee ee 98 Of IDirclley Olleoitt, WtOs.56c500cces0snecc190H 423 Adden & Parker, Boston, Mass........ 193, 365 Choosing a dog for the country home........ 409 of Moss and Ferns, an indoor.............. 62 Albro & Lindeberg, New York.............. 357. Christmas goodies, German.................. 450 planninewasseaShOLess eases eerie re 200 iPaen,: Elerbert:N.. New Wotlk. sss osc. 23 Pre) (CimcimiAs SST cabendoachoocsnensoadcogons 437 (Ollehalcpeeeean eect eat Ripe cier ci ate cae pee ae Sa 76, 84 Bourne, Frank A., Scituate, Mass............ DX (umes IROSGS, WnOsscaanicapvcdadanodadoeccuc 434 planting a frost-defying flower............. 114 Brow Attn iis Chicago lls. ss. cc4 sl: (ome Chinistmasysupper stables moe swectee aacie sme cit 454 CHeRCATILE aa itlth Cee eee eee er eerie seine: a 232 Brown, Frank L., White Plains, N Y...... GH Chmbing plants athe! storys Olsens .04e0e.s0085 Gardenet's vacation in C@alifornia-.>-..-----.-. 33 Brinleymiiaswle sNews VOLK sire. ssi se en 222 Cobblestones in bungalow building........... Bile Galr density soci. catietosis See kacies ae eee eee 45, 47 Chapman, Cecil B., Minneapolis, Minn...... Oba ColontalMhousew anes sve he Sinedteneeinc’ sets apinere ste ae 9 Getman Christmas soodies.....--2----+.5---- 450 COMIN SIL, fe aR repens aye eres Sea eae 33 Colonial houses, two types of...............- On Goris, imegy Imre@edls Of. 550ccnaccecensscseccee 186 Daley Wi altos Angeles, Callies sa5 0s 182 Color tones that fit the bungalow............ 330 Good taste in interior decoration.............. 448 Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, Philadelphia, Pa..42%7 Concrete house ................seeeeeees 123, 149 Gourds and metons of unusual growth........ 360 Eyre, Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa............ 74 Concrete, how to make a Japanese lantern of..100 Greenhouse, building a small................. 406 Freeman, George A., New York............ 279 Concrete in bungalow building............... 318 Gerres Oss sw Ne we MOL Kaas = orf feiss ieee oie use a 380 Cottage, the fascination of an English........ 50 Half-timber houses......... 61, 92-93, 161-162-163 Green & Green, Pasadena, Cal............. 30 Counterfeiting objects of art, the............ SOME er Elalls, wesc aeetie ns meen aie? 32, 126, 195, 269, 270, 281 Ei biea Vie asadenay Calls oye icc onehe eel 180 Country dweller and the automobile, the...... 387 343, 352, 366, 369, 398, 430 Hardway, George J.. New York............ Oran Co airtryeshomers anon ysccaeesiae eee ae ene 229) elandicrantesen ser 100, 134, 142, 168, 218, 263, 290 Harrison, Joseph Duke, New York........ 268 Country places, planning small............... 202 MHandicraft—homemade pottery II............ 22 Heineman, Arthur S., Pasadena, Cal....... Ste fGrevOmie ear ys cee ee Ae esa anita eget iene ere wee as PAS Me lea Kaleaaieaeenle cee inte it eae Ae, earn ae et 82 James, Thomas M., Boston, Mass........... 440 Cretonnes and taffetas, new................-- Pi JBICCES, Wore WANES Olin gasno coos sco socnccacgsee 348 Kaufman, Lewis R., New York............ 155 Cuntainpschemesy deconrativern ads asee cies 183 Helps to the housewife, department...... 418, 454 iKelivmAnthtnm (Rolland ian): a2 ci i,nccscie ctio siece 34 ee Cuttinesswood wath papetacs pss cstacteretrio te 292 Hens, keeping twenty-five.................... 445 Kirby, Petit & Green, New York.......... 155 lalolliy,, tne ANim@nicaials -bo5c6cssneseccccsconse- 452 Little & Browne, Boston, Mass............. 124 Darning, new suggestions for................ IGA ISioAAe, A COUIMATsoc60060cs5ncacucs=Ssenc0005¢ 229 Little & O’Connor, New York.............. 3G Sam I) Ctl me ee ere te ee ee tee SS elec emenuers Bil, Be Ilowe, A Swi. oooosconcoosocccdososancce- 216 Lowell, Guy, Boston, Mass................ 323) Dessert dishes) quaintsa.-me sau seers eeereer 57 Home and furnishings for $1,000, a summer. .211 Maher, George W., Chicago, Ill............ 2s} IDK STOO SoopadpousgopoucacouuscoebooD 61,126 Home of American sculptor in California.... 16 Mcllvaine & Roberts, Philadelphia, Pa...... 160 171, 182, 184, 195, 217, 222, 231, 269, 282 Home-made pottery ................. 22, 142, 218 ei Gian 1k, (1 Bideo tec ya OIE Cee een 319 295-297, 322, 343, 367, 369, 399, 430, 442 Home-made summer furniture................ 290 Phillips, Albert S., Newark, N. J.......... 271 Dog for the country home, choosing a........ A0Omloniessisome 10d enh meee eee eeen ss Pierce, A. White, Brightwaters, Ik, Wecooanes COPIES Sed DY GXON Gare ave PRY ct Tr AEE REC EMEC ase PLC Cenc 90 Horticulture, Luther Burbank’s wonderful Pierce, J. G., South Pasadena, Cal......... 182e es Doonryjard the trietmdlysnccasces.-4- cles ee oe 402 WOT KG Ts eter eee ner ee PEL See 144 Reid, LuVerne Sanderss Sos Pasadena, Calvals2 aD rawine-Toome «sr. fade sei dee see oe cee oe 132 Ieloniee aie Su, MlevasinG, Ascecncscccaccoscacnca- 427 Slee & Bryson, Brooklyn, N. Y.........:... 224 Duck farming as an industry................. ey Telownee, Imietiromse 5 ooqgasocescasnan: 161-162-163 Stele, Allen C., Pasadena, Cal.............. 180 Dwellings costing from $2,500 upwards...... 298 House of— Tracy & Swartwout, New York............ 356 Ackerson, Henry W., Brightwaters, L. I....224 TGs (Ce NOkie ce cence sgee cone speomeB ED aoDT 20 Economic value of wild birds................ 6 PNG Va Kerala AY / 0 Ooo Se OE Saag ae ie See 365 Truex, Fred M., New York................ 296 Eggs, how to prepare.......-... seman Sau 272 Ainsworthy ble Bay Azusa™ | Gale sense eens 319 iivlcrs Brak basadena: Calec.. neve tenet era - lehnalorornalkenz, (Chita) Gucoconogudoccde bomsauouos 72 Archer, Charles A., Danvers, Mass......... 321 Upjohn, Hobart B., New York............. 276 Bmore, Im, IR, Werner, Wirsese-4.55+8555-- 170 Around the garden, department..... SSiga ec 416, 452 Farmhouse that became new, an old......... 375 Barron, George IDS ARG He INS Gaerne 45 o OSE 27 Art ware with pebble and putty.............. 263 Farmhouses, two remodeled................- 365 Belmonte, S, PB), Bayside, L. [.....1......2. 93 Asparagus in the garden, growing............ 117 ~Filston, countryseat of R. R. Colgate......... 43 iBenney,, Dry i@)- Ry eos Angeles; Cale 2---.-. 24 PSMUEE GSS DIULES) meses one mire oe os Haesoyen es She lone ws oaKo' 188, 387 Fireplaces PO Tae 60, 103-104, 107, 124, 125, 438-439 Bourne, Frank A., Scituate, Mass..........252 Fishing at Barnegat Bayirreustepestete steieicichevarereliese« 247 Burgess, Ida J., Woodstock, N. Y. 393 BAG: NOI opaeoogtec ore ene emrnROOenoeD ail loner Ei AINENSOS Goscccccggepeoonaude0S 164 Colgate, IR, IR Sikewromy CoM Ns5o05s65ue+c0c 43 Barnegat Bay, fishing at..........-+.+-+++++- 247 Flower garden, planting a frost-defying...... 114 Crenshaw, E. A., Germantown, Pa......... 74 Bayberry dips, how to make.................- Gt IBTONVEIe DROSXSAVENSIOM Goocooccaruevgbeueuoodbe 3 Dale velba Vem lboseAnce less Cal aan 182 Bedroom furnishings, old-time............... Ids ivine as a sport for womien...-.....-..-..-- 324 Dane, Harry L., Reading, Mass............ 194 CO OOMISH fool oce 2 o0 2- 13-14-15, 171, 184, 225, 231 Flying machine and the roof................. 315 Devens, A. Lithgow, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Bee\GaraGi, B, GisGiecccoc cauus soos Oba anaC er AS AMMEN STII EALTION HEED eee on oa Lost le shee 398 INILENSS,. ae ee OS ae Sr RI en Sec 123 Eitan COOL Pea cr aes ye cite ete sicietesiete wavees NOSMMOMIONtLS PIECES emer esc cios cise aeeiecies cele 2, 42, 82 IDyorsys, EL, JA; Iismoleme, (Calls osonscococssse 182 Bird culture, an experiment station for....... 345 122, 158, 206, 242, 278, 314, 350, 386, 423 Eno, William P., Saugatuck, Conn.......... 351 Rit dliGiSte:” 2 ode dpa DOIe ONGC En BAe bn Oot A mae GAH TERA VAST. SONEEUE Vals enc ote ERNE RT ea eee 235 Gardiner, H. M., Wilmette, Ill.............. 75 WIGS tobe chin hoe Coen OO Oe IDLO TOC 33° Fruit— Gillmore, Quincy A., Ardmore, Pa.......... 161 Birds, wild, economic value of............... 6 Applerorchands spraying thes. .-ase6sces- 197 Gittleson, Simon, Minneapolis, Minn........ 59 Boat-house remodeled, a.............-.-.+--- 252 HROPAS IS oR AGC ao Geto OE ORO ie tence 235 Elaehiulens Wises! Gyniwiy den paneer ees 160 rie MOUSES oa ds dence ove sean \-09, 204-305 (EES, Sox meAeCIOl, ¢.00000ccosuaccsgoauacce 80 Hall, Ethel Bushnell, Sharon, Mass........274 Building a small greenhouse...............-. AV6 Eutnishing problems...........-.......+..-:: 412 Hall, H. V., Pasadena, Cal................. 180 Bungalow building .............-..-.--++++: ails TEtsiab Sania soir GHl(OOWsnanocccsccess65000 5000 211 Ineciwiksy Re Wie basadenan Cale careeeee ... - 30 Bungalow built for an artist, a studio........ 275 urnishings, old-time bedroom................ 13 Heinz, Frank K., Brightwaters, L. ]........ 223 Bungalow decoration, stencil work in.......... REIS TIERGR TT NMbhTr so akc alelo be aerate cle Moraine cacao aca 211 Hering, Walter, Abingtou, Pa..............358 Bungalow designed by the owner............. wie. TegaaniKeore, IDIGUKS Nl oop eoeE oe onmonoodadomeod one 65 Holbrook, Theodore S., Upper Montclair, Bungalow of Mr. Charles A. Archer.......... 321 Furniture, early Georgian...............+---- 86 INDE Tac Sa ans eee eect eae Sewsetons 270 Bungalow, picturesque ranch, a.............. ys. IBioRADEKHS sOKr TM In@sen(on oan qasbacqaoe0bG0G006 302 Hopkins, Walter Scott, Reading, Mass......368 Bungalows....... 29-30-31-32, 52, 170, 180-181-182 Furniture, home-made summer................ 290 Ingram, Charles B., So. Pasadena, Cal...... 32 Bungalows of interesting types............... MOS Erinnitune wate Georgian. «lesa. eer 27 Irwin, Theodore, Pasadena, Cal............. 30 Burbank’s, Luther, wonderful work in horti- Biarnituce reumishine old: >.......-..------.-- 344 Jacobus, George M., Red Bank, N. J........ 296 SMI 1 oe on eCOGOULEE UCU OT DORE arEe WA Mencimarhieie, splonracdaconenagsa00d0c0gubo0DeuG 302 Kenney, Edward O., Reading, Mass........ 193 Burlap as a bungalow furnishing.............333 Kilecknerw ose tis) Gynwyds Paki ..os-.e 161 . Gambrel-roof houses........ 70, 74, 92-93, 193-194 Lane, P. F., Bayside. Tea Ls ante Seo U Some 95 “ALES: VAIS Of Soe POOR OO CEC ORE BET Ce 301 Garage, the inexpensive small................ 190 Ledgard, Dr. F. K., Oak Knoll, California... 44 Cacti that will flower............--+.-+--000- US AGETE OE) eons 8s Alo OOO pee ETC 45, 191-192 Marston, Sylvanus B., Pasadena, Cal....... 182 XVI House of— Marniinierieb.. Bayside lente pir trsertetrncr 92 MicGanyiemld)) HeBaycides leaelltetarteteten « 95 McWilliams, Howard, Plainfield, N. J...... 357 Wiermaiye (Cy (C5 ietaineion, IN Sooansocseconn. 229 Merritt lewis ibasadena, Callens... 31 Metcalf, Dr. C. F., South Pasadena, Cal..... 182 Maller Ate ham Pasadena Calllscn tee eeeeieins se 179 Minton, Walter, Brightwaters, L.I.......... 224 Mr. Carrington, Greenwich, Conn..........356 Naftzger, F. E., Los Angeles, Cal........... 341 Norton Gye. Briohtwaters, lel. s dcnsee 222 INOLELOSS eA ANeBaysidenmle.wllsseriy eet 90 Oddien Chasrr cemeteries cee ie eee 220 Olcott, Dudley, Morristown, N. J....... 422-425 Olcott, Neilson, New Canaan, Conn.....:... 354 PRaEsSOns a Shanleswebasadenaum Galera tintin en 318 Reanowmbelixe Calitoniiaserictriteie ete ee 16 Ray jonny CaldwellSSNeWinvenccs panes 275 RaynoreOhas: el, sorichtwaters) It.) ls. oo. 220 Reid, LuVerne Sanders, So. Pasadena, Cal. .182 Sapidy Georse We. Baysiden late en..- 2. .s 95 SouIl, Gey I (Crigehvavely eels go auooeses none 161 Serrell Wee Kenilworth) Mls. 2s... 22293 Spanishwenara chet ware istrict ee retere) ae 20 Stanwood, FE. C., Kennebunkport, Me.......216 Stimson, G. Lawrence, Pasadena, Cal....... 182 Strang, Arthur S., White Plains, N. Y...... 60 Thomas, J. E., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J....380 Rhone be Norman Ardmore, Pa. ...... a. 160 LOzd ava themstialll ecu st eecine cco eters ate iene. > 159 Walls Gales Baysic eileen lli.rsy, eyes cccmtemarens sys 94 Williams, Joseph F., El Paso, Texas........ 20 FLOUSCRSLONGCM CS eee GR src sm otesame ate eo cwisiertiels 161 OMS e MEM eM LOMCN PING saericnecklciverclerets teks ceqetes OS Ilomse-poateremOdele dim. sche cre) «ucsstactsleteisierstet-e COA: HOuSe=poatnvacatlonseeasweiie ss sein eerie ne tO ElousesmonsthemeacihcGoast.:. «sence cee ak 29 OUSESEtwomNewslnelandie.c. scm pyr cce eetate 193 Flkyarcita tee chi@eyteyeraneteteesecreicns ere yenesevceeraesekevorcpayets 400 FeLyA'CITl GS mer we eerege risus ciate fercteccka: Veer soveausnane wr sistexe etek. 417 iceicreamias,a health food... ..2 0+. 450-006 167 Indian designs for stencil work..............326 Indoormearden ot Mossiand) Bernst..e. 2-6... 62 Nackwiloniermplesv anid iavOnS) repels errs eieu oir cieye 131 Japanese garden in America, the............. 137 Japanese lantern of concrete, how to make a..100 Keepines twenty-nve henSi.c..c ene. os ee esis ons 445 TCH Onih Maer cen teres reiterate nee eo aie Hyal, wey Bers Katchenethesmodermerct. rasa ciylecctrcre cre a) elersete 172 hatchenetteramstudtos sete sssaccurs eves siete wre ieiers 451 Lantern of concrete, how to make a Japanese.100 Memonacd emewellittescc sr tryerysiercreclosesete cists. ol oucncte’ 56 GA I altaya erencseve oss ons eves tsevoret aye erevaversye she 106, 282 TEV oitisMataDlelerwycr sever sae. syoreccco veri oss .e ticle ts ore elaness 413 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WivinS=nOOMmS,. oy. eRe onsen eon 61, 104 194, 182, 223, 228, 269, 271, 276, 283, 295 297, 322, 342, 366, 395, 431, 438-439-442 [Eonekpine house) aihesen sr ase one eer 52 Long Aslandshomess some: .c.sce scene cee eens 220 Luther (Burbank. ooo eee One 144 Making an old house new..................-- 380 Making the most of the turkey............... 420 Meissenmtactony,mROValane eee meee eeneere 10 Milk the: carevot accent ee cele eRe eee 340 Mission! house! eice tow so net aera 92-93 Modern’ homies; somesnas nae eee 59 Motor car for the man of moderate means. ...188 Motor onsthe tarm thessmalles eee ree 371 Mottoes, for the home, appropriate............ 103 New England houses, two... scseoedecciese 193 November ini the candenh cece eee 416 OldGhouse or arnewsoneythesnan eae 351 Orchard sprayincutherapples-e eee eee 197 Orchid= huntines Tomancesolemeeeee eee 34 Oriental rugs and how to select them........ 431 Outing with a portable equipment............ 250 Pacific: CoastMhousesaaeeee eee eee 29 Parties, (picnici «42. cms sce cere eeoe Penne 260 Peano, Felix, American sculptor............- 16 Perennials, planting table of............. 110, 156 Pergolaet cnc: actin ie eee Os SO RESO meSS Picnic: parties seems ea ato ee Lhe ere 260 Pres andytavorssslack Hotness care 131 Planting table of the best annuals, perennials, shrubsmandmveretablestmrmpmussertukeer 109 Porcelain, invention of, by Boettger, two hun- dredthranniversatysO fe .sseia tere ee te 8 Rorch=trays; shows ton arranger ase «me see 300 Portable equipment, outing with a............ 250 ROTtiCOp sf. colton eis eee cee eee ae 42 Poster wallpapering... a... 2 aecirecee ever c Oe Potatoes) substitute stoteen «serie eco 40 Rottery, home=madequl ey... -ecyerstel is vere terete 22 Pottery, home-made, UUb i. a -ry ae eerie te 142 Potters shome-madenelViae wetter icine 218 POUuMtryp garie cites reprets tiaie ene eke boretckeloveketenekonarete 53, 98 Poultry, house planning. ici eet tree 98 Prize earden of Geo, EH. Barnardic-.cee.- 207 Rain-wateri collector, -apnovele .yacim eee sale ei 147 Ranch bungalow, a picturesque. ....)..-.. 1-1 24 Range scare! Oluthesees os Grice ee ceraaiee 456 Recipestuesandwichts ssereriey terete cies tereereret 262 Refinishine= olds furnitures). ieee Oa Remodeled) boat-nouse cso cms oer. veneers tele erat 252 Remodeled farmhouses, two...............++- 365 Rustic wearden’™ turaturesscc. + vet sek pa oe 310 Salad atvany,,tline=..