“ ed x HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY SEE a ops AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. VOLU ME) IVE: PUBLISHED BY THE Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE : GEO. W. TRYON, Jr., Epitor. S. R. ROBERTS. EDW. J. NOLAN, M. D. PE AM Di Eine, Heed Acs: Published by Tae ConcHoLogicaL Section or THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES, N. W. cor. of Broad and Sansom Streets. NEW YORK: LONDON : B. WestERMAN & Co., No. 471 Broadway. TrusNyer & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row. BERLIN : AsuHer & Co., No. 60 Unter d. Linden. STL: Part 1 published July 7, 1870. op od Oct. 6, 1870. ae La ee ely, “ 4 June 1, 1871. 10. CON TENTS. Part 1—Juty 7, 1870 . Remarks on the Species of Melania and Limnea inhab- iting the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of New Species, by Wm. Harper Pease, . Materials toward a Monograph of the G@uaintids: < Wie He Dail, . Descriptions of New Steaks of Maa Bivalv Mol- lusca in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, No. 2, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., . Note on Cyclophorus foliaceus, Reeve (non Chemnitz), and C. Leai, Tryon, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., . Catalogue of the Shell-bearing Mollusca of Fulton County, Illinois, by John Wolf, . Remarks on the Anatomy of the Genus Siphonaria, with a description of a New Species, by Wm. H. Dall, . Notes on Mollusca of Monierey: By. Cali fone, by John G. Cooper, M. D., . Notes on Recent and Repl Shells, rth Deanna of New Species, by T. A. Conrad, Notices and Reviews of New Conchological W silks, by George W. Tryon, Jr., I, Amertcan.—Annals of the New York Lyceum of Nat. His- tory; Davidson’s Report on the Oyster Resources of Maryland. II. Foreren.— British. A nnals and Magazine of Nat. History ; Journal of the Linnean Society. French.—Journal de Conchyliologie; Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. German.—Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika; Novitates Con- chologice, Martini und Chemnitz. Page. . Record of Meetings, : 1 Observations on Marginellide, by J. i. Redfield, 2 tl 19 iv eo “ON CONTENTS. Part 2—Ocroper 6, 1870. Page. . Record of Meetings, 5 ; ; : ; . 85 Letter from Dr. J. Lewis on Limnzide. . A Revision of the Terebratulide and Lingulide, with Remarks on and Descriptions of some Recent Forms, by Wm. H. Dall, _.. : 88 . Review; Notes on Lingual Dewhien of Motluaes: a W. G. Binney and Thomas Bland. By William H. Dall, .. . . 169 . Rectification of the oncigie of evan. Spates of Marginella, by John H. Redfield, , ; wile . Notices and Reviews of New Cardiglacical Works, by George W. Tryon, Jr., ‘ : ; ; ot AT I, American.—Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, by A. A. Gould, M. D., Edited by W..G. Binney; An- nals New York Lyceum of Nat. History; Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; American Journal of Science. Il. Forzicn.—French._Journal de Conchyliologie; Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. APPENDIX. . Catalogue of the Known Species, Recent and Fossil, of the Family Marginellide, by John H. Redfield, 215 . Catalogue of the Recent Species of the Family Mela- nidz, By. A. Brot, M. D., . A ; ; . 201 Part 3—Aprit 4, 1871. Page. . Record of Meetings, ; , ; . 181 Remarks of Mr. Tryon on Pistia: Berendtii, aes tract of Letter from W. H. Dall on Limnza inyoluta. . On the Relations of the Amphiperaside, by Theodore Gill, . f . 183 . Notes on the Land Shells of East Biebbagels: by Sivas Lewis, M. D., : . 188 . Descriptions of New Feel Shells of ‘the Upper Ama- zon, by T. A. Conrad, ; ; , . 192 bh ™ CONTENTS. Vv . Descriptions of New Tertiary Shells, with Notes on Two Genera of Lamellibranchiata, by T. A. Conrad, 199 . Notes on Lingual Dentition, No. 2, by W. G. Binney and Thomas Bland, , or 202 . On the Shells of the Holston River. by Tanes dais. M. D., DO hy Ea RT WT 5" . On the Limpets; with Special Reference to the Species of the West Coast of America, and to a more Natu- ral Classification of the Group, by Wm. H. Dall, . 227 . Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works, by George W. Tryon, Jr., : é , , . 283 I. Amertcan.—Synopsis of the Family Unionide, by Isaac Lea; Canadian Naturalist; Proceedings California Academy of Sciences; Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. II. Forrien.—British.—Proceedings of Zoological Society; Proceedings of Asiatic Society of Bengal; Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Morphological Researches von the Mollusca; Conchologia lconica, ete. French.—Journal de Conchyliologie ; Revue et Magasin de Zoologie; Senoner’s Notes Malacologiques, ete. German.—K reglinger’s Binnen-Mollusken; Archiv fur Naturgeschichte ; Kuster’s Conchylien Cabinet; Novi- tates Conchologice, etc. Part 4—June 1, 1871. Page. - Record of Meetings, : : : 297 . Descriptions of Nudibranchiate Nation iuhahibhe Polynesia, by W. Harper Pease, . : . 299 . Notes on some New Forms of Terrestrial and Hiei: tile Mollusea found in Trinidad, by R. J. Lechmere Guppy, . . 806 . On the Lingual Denuittan of Borkphniees diane by Thomas Bland and W. G. Binney, : : Oke . Paleontological Notes, by T. A. Conrad, . : . 814 1. Figure and Reference to Fasciolaria subtenta. 2. Synopsis of the Eocene Species of Catinus. 3. Description of a new Fresh-water and a Land Shell of the Oregon Tertiary. vil 10. tly 12. 15. CONTENTS. . On the Opercula of the Family Strepomatide, by Ws D. Hartman, M. D., . Note on Gadinia and RiSreliies tig J. G. doh ot MiD., . Note on Waldheimia bias Gld., by J. G. Cderfer, buy Dae. Re ; Pepa apce and re: Shee to ie Caine of ate: rey Mollusca (published in the American Jour. Conch. Vol. vi, Part 1, p. 49), by J. G. Cooper, Mey., : Notices ant Reviews of New Conchblopienl Works; by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., British. Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Concho- logica Indica. French.—Journal de Conchyliologie; Revue et Magasin de Zoologie; Actes de Ja Soviete Linneenne de Bordeaux. German.—N ovitates Conchologice ; Systematisches Conchy- lien Cabinet. APPENDIX. Conservator’s Annual Report, by H. J. Nolan, M. D., : Report of Librarian, by E. J. Nolan, M. D., Report of Publication Committee, « BLG 319 Hotel 2S Lee ee am Aare LG oe eae Ss ete CE xc UT ORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS. Binney, W. G., and Thos. Bland. Notes on Lingual Den- tition, 2 . 202 On the Lingual ateend of Bae ihsiye ee . 812 Cooper, J. G. Notes on Mollusca of auaokes et Cal., 42 Note on Gadinia and Rowellia, . 319 Note on Waldheimia pulvinata, Gld., . ; . 320 Additions and corrections to the Catalogue of ow. terey Mollusca, published in the Am. Jour. Con- chology, Vol. vi, Part 1, p. 49, . ; : - 321 Conrad, T. A. Notes on Recent and Fossil Shells, with descriptions of new Species, . 71 Descriptions of new Fossil Shells of the Upper fees: Zon, . : . 192 Descriptions of new ticiaey Bhells, at notes on two Genera of Lamellibranchiata, . ‘ < £99 Paleontological notes, . , ; < ; . d14 Dall, W. H. Materials towards a Monograph of the Gadi- niidz, ; : Pa 3 Remarks on the Kay of oe gee Saeunke: with a description of a new Species, . . 30 A revision of the Terebratulide and Linge with remarks on and descriptions of some recent forms, 88 Review. Notes on Lingual Dentition of Mollusca. By W. G. Binney and Thos. Bland, . : . 169 On the Limpets; with special reference to the spe- cies of the West Coast of America, and to a more natural classification of the group, . : . 227 vill LIST OF AUTHORS. Gill, Theo. On the relations of the Amphiperaside, Guppy, R. J. Lechmere. Notes on some new forms of ter- restrial and fluviatile Mollusca found in Trinidad, Hartman, Dr. W. D. On the opercula of the family Stre- pomatidee, C : : Lewis, Jas. Notes on the Land Shells of Hast Tennessee, On the Shells of the Holston River, Pease, W. H. Remarks on the Species of Melania and . Limnzea inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of new Species Descriptions of Nudibranchiate Menies intialiine Polynesia, Redfield, J. H. Rectification of the Synonomy of certain Species of Marginella, : : Tryon, Geo. W., Jr. Descriptions of new species of Marine bivalve Mollusca in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, No. 2, : Note on Cyclophorus foliaceus, Reeve (non Cheat nitz), and C. Leai, Tryon, . Notices and Reviews of New Conchaly uel Thee 79, 174, 283, Wolf, J. Catalogue of the Shell-bearing Mollusca of Fulton County, Il, ‘ : AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. MWe W SERIES. PUBLISHED BY THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vou. VI. 1870-71. Part 1. Meeting Jan. 1st, 1870. Hight members present. Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair. Donations to the Museum and Library were announced. The following papers were read by title, and referred to Com- mittees: ‘¢Remarks on the Species of Melania and Limnea inhabiting the Hawaiian Isles, with descriptions of new species ;” by Wm. Harper Pease. “‘ Notes on the Mollusca of Monterey Bay, California ;” by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Meeting Feb. 3d, 1870. Nine members present. Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair. After several donations to the Museum and Library were read, the following papers were offered for publication in the Journal: ‘¢ Materials toward a Monograph of the Gadiniide ;’”” by Wm. H. Dall. 1 2 AMERICAN JOURNAL ‘“¢ Descriptions of new Bivalve Mollusca in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. No.2; by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. ‘‘ Note on Cyclophorus foliaceus, Reeve, and C. Leaii, Tryon ;”’ by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. ‘“‘ Catalogue of the Shell-bearing Mollusca of Fulton County, Illinois ;’* by John Wolf. Meeting March 3d, 1870. Nine members present. Mr. Tryon, Vice-Director, in the Chair. Donations to the Museum and Library were read. The following papers were read by title, and referred to Com- mittees: ‘“¢ Catalogue of the known Recent and Fossil Species of the Family Marginellide ;” by John H. Redfield. ‘‘Remarks on the Anatomy of the genus Siphonaria, with de- scription of a new species ;”’ by Wm. H. Dall. “Notes on Recent and Fossil Shells, with descriptions of new species ;”’ by T. A. Conrad. ‘“‘ Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works ;’”’ by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. | In presenting his Catalogue for publication, Mr. Redfield made the following remarks upon the family Marginellide : The earliest figures of Marginella which I know are found in Bonanni’s Recreations, in 1684. He figures three species, — M. cingulata, M. persicula and M. glabella,—all Gambian. Lister, in 1688, figures rudely the same species, and four others,—viz.: WM. faba, M. pulchra? M. elegans ?, and M. py- rum,—one of them West African, one Caribbean, and the others from Indian Ocean. In 1691 Bonanni first figures the large Brazilian species JZ. bullata. Sloane, in 1707, indicates the well known West Indies species, M. guttata, which, however, was not figured until 66 years after- wards. Petiver about 1711 gave figures of two other species; they are rude, but best answer to MZ. rosea and M. Delessertiana, the one from South Africa, the other from Mauritius. Adanson added five species, all (perhaps with one exception) West African. Thus sixteen species had been indicated before the publication of the tenth edition of Linneeus’ Systema Nature, which work includes but six of these species, compressing them, however, into five, to which another was added in the twelfth edition. OF CONCHOLOGY. 3 Martini in 1773 added figures of four species to those already made known, and before the century closed about seven more were figured, making in all about thirty species known at the close of the last century. The Napoleonic wars were not favorable to the progress of science, and the next twenty years added but four species to the list. Dillwyn’s Catalogue of 1817 enumerates but eighteen spe- cies, though thirty-four had been figured or named in various works. Lamarck, in his Anim. sans Vert., in 1822 added five more, and yet enumerates but twenty-six, Volvaria included. From Lamarck’s time downward, the addition of new species to the list has been so rapid that it would be tedious to particu- larize them. About fifty-eight new ones were published from 1825 to 1845, inclusive ; and Sowerby, with others, added twenty- nine in 1846, since which time about one hundred more have been made known, making the total number of catalogued species at the present time about two hundred and twenty-eight. The earliest fossi! species known were Marg. ovulata and Vol- varia bulloides, figured in Enc. Meth. in 1798. None were added until the present century, and now about fifty species are known which are exclusively fossil. DISTRIBUTION OF RECENT SPECIES. Marginella. Hrato. Caribbean, 55 2 Mediterranean, 5 1 West African, 34 South African, 14 ti Indo-Pacific, 41 i Australo-Zealandic, 14 Panamic and Peruvian, 10 4 Unknown, 35 1 208 20 FossIL SPECIES. Marginella. Erato. Volvaria. Miocene, 25 it Oligocene, 9 Eocene, 13 B 2 Cretaceous, 1 Unknown, 1 49 2 2 4 AMERICAN JOURNAL REMARKS ON THE SPECIES OF MELANIA AND LIMNZA INHABITING THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY WM. HARPER PEASE. Having made extensive collections of the species of the above genera the past year, on several of our islands, especially Kauai, which is by far the best watered of our group, I furnish here- with the facts I have been able to gather. LIMN A, Brug. Hight species of this genus have been described as inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands, viz: L. Oahuensis, Soul., volutata, Gld., Sandwichensis, Phil., affinis, Soul., rubella, Lea; also, Physa producta, Migh., wm- bilicata, Migh., reticulata, Gld. Having examined the animals of several hundred specimens, from various localities, I am confident that no species of Physa inhabit the islands, however closely the shells may resemble that genus. The animals of the several species above differ but little in their general shape and proportions. The foot extends beyond the head when in motion. When the animal is at rest or feeding the tentacles are subulate, somewhat flattened laterally, and swollen at their inner bases, on which the eyes are situated. When fully extended they assume a cylindrical shape, sharply pointed, and the protuberance at the base scarcely perceptible. The mantle does not project outside the shell. Sinistral and dextral specimens of the same species are found in company with each other; the latter are rare at all localities. All the species may be referred to two types, which may be distinguished by the characters of their columella. 1. Represented by Oahuensis, Sowb., the columella furnished with a fold, more or less twisted, and, with few exceptions, either colored or stained reddish, which includes the following species: OF CONCHOLOGY. cr L. OAHUENSIs, Soul. 1830. L. Oahuensis, Soul., Voy. Bonite, Vol. 2, p. 527, pl. 29, fig. 38 —41. “ L. affinis, Soul., Voy. Bonite, Vol. 2, p. 528, pl. 29 fic. 42-44, 1842. L. Sandwichensis, Phil., Archiv f. Naturg. ~ 6 ‘¢ _Chemn., 2d ed., pl. 4, fig. 25-26. 1847. L. volutata, Gld., Proc. Bost. Soc., Vol. 2, p. 211. 1852. * c= Am. Expl. Exp., p. 122, fig. 142. L. RUBELLA, Lea, plate 3, figs. 1—2. 1843. L. rubella, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. 4, p. 12. This species inhabiting the Island of Kauai may possibly prove to be a var. of Oahwensis. It differs from that species in color, and varies very widely in shape. At some localities its whole surface is beautifully reticulated, thus connecting it with the following species :— L. RETICULATA, Gld. 1847. Physa reticulata, Gld., Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 214. LOS2G%) e Am. Expl. Exp., p. 118, fig. 140. L. uMBILICATA, Mighels. 1845. Physa umbilicata, Migh., Proc. Bost. Sec., Vol. 2, p. 21. I have not met with any umbilicate specimens of this genus on the Islands. L. propucta, Mighels. 1845. Physa producta, Migh., Proc. Bost. Soc., Vol. 2, p. 21. The two species described as above by Dr. Mighels must probably be abandoned. The types were destroyed by fire, and I cannot discover any specimens in other collections in the United States. It is impossible to identify them from the descriptions. 2. The columella of the following species differs from that of the above in being straight, simple, generally flattened, and white. They may have escaped notice heretofore, the first for reason of its variety, and the other two from their small size. L. TURGIDULA, Pease. Plate 3, fig. 3. T. solidiuscula, ovata, striis incrementis tenuiter notata; transversim minutissime striata; anfr. 5, convexis, ultimus turgi- ° dulus, + longitudinis teste fere equans; sutura impressa; spira 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL acuta; apertura oblongo-ovalis; columella subrecta, planulata, ad umbilicum vix everta, alba; fusco rubida, interdum rufo- cornea. Long. 15, Diam. 8 mill. Hab. Oahu. L. compacta, Pease. Plate 3, fig. 4. T. elongato-ovata, solidiuscula, nitida, levi, sinistrorsa, flaves- cente-cornea, interdum albida; anfr. 5, convexis; apertura ob- longo-ovata; columella vix arcuata, planulata, simplex, callosa, alba. Long. 7, Diam. 33 mill. Hab. Oahu. L. amBIauA, Pease. Plate 3, fig. 5. T. tenui, ovata, sinistrorsa, levi, nitida, interdum transversim obsolete tenuiter striata; spira acuta; anfr. 4-5, convexis, ulti- mus vix turgidulus, interdum superne rotundato-angulatus ; su- tura impressa; apertura oblongo-ovata; columella vix arcuata, callosa, infra everta, expansa, alba, cornea, rarissime rufescenti- cornea. Long. 10, Diam. 6 mill. MELANIA, Lam. M. Mautensis, Lea. 1856. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, p. 145. The above, described from specimens collected on the Island of Maui, is also found at Oahu, but is most fully developed on the Island of Kauai, where it attains to the size of 40x15 mill. It is finely compressedly ribbed transversely, interstices concave, and striate longitudinally. The ribs of the spire, and generally those on the upper part of the last whorl are granulose. M. Newcomst, Lea. 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., vol. 8, p. 145. M. VERREAUXIANA, Lea. 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., vol. 8, p. 144. I have met with no specimens which answer to the description of the above species. It is described as smooth, without men- tion of striz or plice. OF CONCHOLOGY. a M. KAvAIENSIS, Pease. Plate 3, fig. 6 T. crassa, elongata, tenebro-fusca, aut fusco-cornea ; spira tur- rita, supra longitudinaliter curvato-plicata; anfr. 8-9, plano- convexis, transversim impresso-striatis ; apertura oblongo-ovata, postice angulata, ad basin rotundata, intus olivacea ; labro acuto ; columella vix arcuata, levi; operculo nigricans. Long. 50, Diam. 15 mill. Hab. Kauai. Same type as “M. Newcombit.” M. contI@ua, Pease. T. elongata, tenui, omnino transversim regulariter tenuiter sulcata aut impresso striata, cornea; sutura impressa; anfr. 8, planulatis; apertura elongato-ovata, superne angulata, intus albida; labro acuto; columella vix incurva: operculo fusco. Long. 28, Diam. 9 mill. Hab. Kauai. Also allied to “M. Newcombii.” It is not plicate and regu- larly finely grooved or striate throughout. 8 AMERICAN JOURNAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GADINIIDA. BY W. H. DALL, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The genus Gadinia was instituted by Gray in 1824, for the Patella afra of Gmelin. In 1840 he instituted for it a special family. In his early publications on the subject, he rightly placed it near Stphonaria in his classification. Afterwards, mis- led by the erroneous description of Philippi, he referred it to the Cervicobranchiata, with Tectura and Seurria which have the gills over the neck, and Lepeta which has no gills. Most other authors have followed Gray. The Messrs. Adams combine in the sub-order Barisethatiad the Chitonide, the Dentaliide, Fissurellide, Tecturide, Lepet- ide and Gadinide, thus reaching a climax of confusion rarely equalled. Chenu, as usual, follows the Messrs. Adams, but unites a fossil genus (whose affinities are clearly with Kmargin- ula, etc.) with Gadinia in the Gadiniide. Keferstein, with a singular misapprehension of its affinities, places Gadinia in the Acmezde and refers it to the Tcenioglossa. A more thorough examination of the soft parts than that afforded by the single specimen of Dr. Philippi, shows that the first conclusion of Dr. Gray was much nearer the truth than any subsequent references. It is a true pulmonate, breathing air by means of a lung and unprovided with gills of any kind. The anatomy shows affinities with the Awriculide, and the dentition has relations with that family, but more strongly with that of the Siphonarude. Order PULMONATA. Sub-order BASSOMATOPHORA. Family GADINIIDA, Gray. Genus GADINIA. Syn. Gadinia, Gray, Tilloch’s (London) Philos. Mag. ]xiii, 1824, yp. 274--277. . Isis, von Oken, Heft v, col. 460, 1834. Mouretia, Sby. (nec Gray), Proc. Zool. Soe. 1835, p- 6. OF CONCHOLOGY. 9 Muretia, D’Orb., Voy. Amer. Meridionale, v, pp. 470, 682 pars). a phannin D’Orbigny (non Sby.), Ibid. pp. 470, 682, 741. Clypeus, Scacchi (non Brod.), Osserv. Zool. 1833. Gardinia, Pictet, Traite de Paleon. vol. iii, p. 293, 1855. (err. typog.) Rowellia, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1865, p. 188. (= Gadinia jun.) | Gadinia, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 463. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 875, et auctores omnes nov. q. Vv. Pileopsis (sp.), Payr, (non Lam.), Catal. 1836. Lepas (sp), Adanson, Hist. Nat. du Senegal, 1757, p. 33. Patella (sp), of the older authors. Testa univalvis, non symmetrica, oblique conica; vertice ob- tuso, subpostico apertura suborbiculata, irregularis ; cavitas sim- plex, sulco in latere dextro, prope limbum anticum impressionis muscularis ; impressionis muscularis elongata arcuata submar- ginalis. (Gray.) Animal pulmone distincto preeditum, branchiis nullis ; rostro bifido, infundibulato. Type. GADINIA AFRA, Gray. Patella afra, Gmelin, 8715. Dillwyn, Rec. Shells ii. 1046. Hanley’s Wood’s Index Testac. pl. xxxvil. fig. 65a. Gadinia afra, Gray, Tilloch’s (London) Phil. Mag. lxin, 1824, pp. 274, 277. Isis, von Oken, Heft. v, col. 460, 1834. H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 463, vol. 111, pl. lii, fig. 8, a. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl, vol. i, p. 3875, fig. 2818. Lepas gadin, Adanson, Hist. Nat. du Senegal, (Genus Lepas, species ‘‘ Le Gadin’’), p. 38, pl. il, fig. 4. G. afra testa oblique conica, alba, radiatim striato-costata, subsquamosa, vertice sublevi, marginibus crenulatis. Hab. West coast of Africa. This is the typical species. The name of the genus is derived from Adanson’s trivial name. He found it on the rocks of the island of Goree and at Cape Manuel on the adjacent coast of Africa. He says they were particularly abundant from January until May. At that time they may change their station for the purpose of depositing their ova. He does not describe the animal. 10 AMERICAN JOURNAL GADINIA GARNOTII, Payr. Pileopsis Garnotii, Payr, Coq. Corse, pl. v, figs. 38,4. Phil. Enum. Moll. Siciliz. Philippi, Wiegm. Archiv. fur Nat., i, 1839, p. 115, pl. iii, fig. 8, a, b. Clypeus Garnotii, Scacchi, Catalogus, p. 17. Gadinia Garnotit, Gray, Figs. Moll. Anim., p. 98, vol. iv. Pl. 110, fig. 4. Gray, Guide to Moll. p. 172. H. and ie Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i, 4638, pl. 52, fig. 8. G. Testa alba, ovata, conica; radiatim striato-costata. Ver- tice subpostico ; intus leevissimi, margine denticulato. Hab. Living in the Mediterranean, and fossil, in the Tertiary quaternaries of Sicily. The single specimen of Dr. Philippi afforded him material for some anatomical notes upon the animal. Hither there is a very great difference between this and the Pacific species, or the . paucity of material led him into error. He has apparently taken the renal organ for a gill, and, in this manner, led later authors into the error of placing Gadinia among the Cervicobranchiata. GADINIA STELLATA, Sby. Mouretia stellata, Sby., Proce. Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 6. Gadinia pentegoniostoma, Sby., teste Cpr., 16th Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1856, pl. vii, fig. 3, a to g. (Not of Angas, P. Z.8. 1856, p. 220.) G. testa depressa, squamiformi, alba, radiatim-costata; margine dentato. Hab. Real Llejos C. Am. and the Gulf of California. Seven varieties of this very variable shell are figured by Car- penter, in his first Report on the West Coast Mollusca. GADINIA PERUVIANA, Sby. Mouretia peruviana, Sby., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 6. Ib. Zool. Beechey’s Voy. p. 147, pl. 39, fig. 1. Gadinia peruviana, Woodw., Man. Ree. and Fos. Shells, p Loo, plexi, fe. 26. Siphonaria peruviana, D’Orb., Voy. Am. Mer. v, p. 470. G. testa subdepressoconica, alba, radiatim striata; vertice cen- trale ; epidermide cornea tenul. Hab. Cobija, Peru. This is not the type of the genus, nor was it described by Gray, as Woodward states. It is the first of three species of Gadinia described under the name of Mouretia by Sowerby, P. Z. 8. 1835. OF CONCHOLOGY. 11 GADINIA cosTATA, Krauss. Mouretia costata, Krauss. Sud afrischen Mollusken, Stuttgart, Gadinia costata, (Krauss,) H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, vol. i, p. 4638. I have not been able to examine specimens or have access to description or figure of this species, which is from South Africa. GADINIA CoNICA, Angas. Gadinia conica, Angas, Descr. of new sp. of Moll. from N. S. Wales, in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 115, No. 127, pl. xii, fig. 27. List of Port Jackson Moll. P. Z. S., 1867, p- 220. G. testa alba, conica ; costis fortioribus, irregularibus, radian- tibus xxxvill; extus rugis concentricis fortibus, intus alba. Convexly conical, white; strongly irregularly radiately ribbed 5 ribs about thirty-eight in number, concentrically ridged. Apex sub-central, white within. Alt. 2} lines, lon. 3} 1., lat. 31. Hab. Coodgee Bay, outside Port Jackson heads; (Angas). The figure which accompanies the above description appears to represent a young shell. ‘The concentric ridges are promi- nent, almost frills. GADINIA ANGASII, Dall. Gadinia pentegoniostoma, Angas, (non Sby.), List of Port Jackson Moll., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 220. G. testa depressa, conica, alba; costis crebrerrimis radianti- bus; intus leevissime. A depressedly conical, white shell; strongly radiately ribbed and polished inside. Length nine lines. Coodgee Bay, outside Port Jackson heads; (Angas). The specific characters of all the species of Gadinia are so faintly marked, that in the absence of information in regard to the local habitation, many, if not all the species, might readily be confounded. It may safely be assumed, however, that Ga- dinia pentegoniostoma + stellata Sby., from Middle America and the Gulf of California, is not identical with a species, however similar, from a totally distinct zodlogical province. If not the adult of the preceding species, nor an importation, it may take the name of G. Angasii. GADINIA RETICULATA, Sby. PI. 2, figs. 1toY. Pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3. Mouretia reticulata, Sby., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 6. (Hab. Valparaiso, in err.) 12 AMERICAN JOURNAL Gadinia reticulata, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 463. Rowellia, sp. Cpr., Suppl. Rep. Br. As., 1863, p. 651. Rowellia radiata, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sciences, 1865, p. 188, (test. jun.) Geogr. Cat. Moll. p. 24, No. 460, 1867. Siphonaria reticulata, D’Orb., Voy. Am. Mer. v, p. 682. Testa subcircularis; apice centrali; colore albo vel ex albo virens; superficies xxx costis radiantibus dichotomis induta, per lineas concentricas cruciatis ; intus alba vel livida. Margine simplice ; in jun. crenulato ; fovea siphonali bene impressa, mar- gine prope extremam foveam, parum inciso. Shell normally almost circular; depressed conical; white or livid, sometimes tinged by the growth of a green or pink nulli- pore. The upper surface marked with from thirty to fifty ra- diating striz or riblets, which are reticulated by the coarse, somewhat elevated lines of growth. ‘The margin in young shells is denticulated, but with age this character is lost. The edge is usually irregular and owes its form to the locality where the animal was stationed; the notches corresponding to the irregu- larities of the surface where the animal lived. ‘The interior is usually polished, except on the muscular impressions, which are granulous and strongly impressed. The scar is horseshoe-shaped, the right anterior limb broad near its extremity. Close to the anterior extremity of the left limb is a small oval scar indicating an attachment of the mantle to the shell. The apex is posteriorly curved, sub-central, smooth, and in the youngest specimens 1 have seen exhibits no tendency to spiral growth. In older specimens it is usually somewhat eroded. The texture of the shell is exceedingly solid, porcellanous and strong. Old individuals fill up the cavity of the apex while adding to the margin. From the irregularities of their stations most fantastic forms occur. The most elevated specimen had an altitude of 0-45 in. to a longitudinal diameter of 0°56 in. One of the most depressed measured 0°36 in. high and 0-98 in. long by 0-96 in. ‘wide. In one old specimen the thickness of the shell at the apex was 0°32 in. The young shells are usually quite thin, averaging about 0-04 in. My specimens were identified by Dr. Cooper as his Rowellia radiata. The living specimens obtained by him were very young. The adults were examined by Dr. Carpenter, who is disposed to consider them identical with Sowerby’s species, which came from Lower California. Soft Parts. The external parts are of a livid white. The OF CONCHOLOGY. 13 foot is almost circular, tough and muscular, without any sinus, tubercles or other appendages. The animal appeared to have the power of inflating the cellular tissue between the epidermis and the sides of the foot, in such a manner as to have the ap- pearance of blisters. These protuberances are persistent in alcohol, though they do not exist in the normal condition. In alcoholic specimens such might readily be taken for lobes or ex- pansions of the foot. ‘The mantle edge is simple, broad and continuous. It is thickened on the right side above the head, and in this thickened portion is the opening of the pulmonary chamber. It is angular, very minute and closed by a small triangular valve or lobe. The head is broad and flattened. There are no tentacles, or rather the tentacles are consolidated and lost in the expanded lobes of the muzzle. The latter is bifid, and the outer extremities are produced into two funnel- shaped expansions, which I will call “ears.” The ears are not continuous, but their inner ventral edges overlap one another, while their dorsal edges are separated at their points of inser- tion by a space as wide as the mouth, which is situated just below in the centre of the double funnel. The edges of the ears in the adult are simple, but, according to Dr. Cooper, in their young state they are flattened and pectinated. In the adult their inner surface is marked with moderately conspicuous folds radiating from the mouth. Their exterior surface is smooth. The eyes are very minute and black ; they are situated on the sides of the head just behind the ears. In alcoholic specimens, on account of the opacity of the cuticle, they are invisible, but may easily be found by shaving off a thin paring of skin with a sharp knife. On the right side between the mantle and the foot is a small papilla, indicating the genital orifice. Just behind the right eye is an almost invisible foramen, exceedingly minute, through which the verge is exserted. The mantle and foot exude a peculiar milky slime, with a strong soap-like odor. The head is capable of considerable extension and retraction. Muscular System. The foot is composed of solid muscular fibre, radiating from a median line. ‘The superior surface, when the viscera are removed, is opalescent. The adductor muscles are horseshoe-shaped and continuous. The anterior right hand limb is broader at its extremity, which is rounded, ‘The edges of the muscular impression are somewhat irregular. The faintly marked sinus passes close to the anterior extremity of the muscle on the right. On the left the mantle is attached to the shell, forming a small oval impression, which is not continuous with the scar of the adductor. 14 AMERICAN JOURNAL The buccal mass is controlled by well marked muscles. A broad muscular ribbon is attached to the posterior concavity of the adductor, a little on the right. About midway in the cavity of the viscera it divides into two parts, one of which is fixed on each side of the superior surface of the buccal mass. A similar but more slender muscle is similarly attached below. Three stout bundles of muscular fibre are attached anteriorly on each side to the front of the foot, and posteriorly to the sides of the buccal mass, which they serve to extend outwards, while the long muscles serve for retracting it. A short stout muscle binds the buccal body to the foot, behind and somewhat below the protractors, on each side. A long and very slender fibre connects the posterior end of the penis with the spermatic canal behind the prostate. The protractor muscles of the penis are short and thin, blended somewhat with the fascia of the preputium. ‘The muscles of the female organs will be hereafter described. Nervous System. ‘This, in the alcoholic specimens, could not be thoroughly traced out. The nervous collar around the ceso- phagus at the posterior end of the buccal body consisted of two superior ganglia connected with two inferior ganglia and with each other, by nerve fibres. Above, these appeared somewhat reticulated ; below they diverged without inosculation. A rather stout nervous cord extended back from the lower ganglion on the right, parallel with the spermatic cord, and provided with an accessory ganglion near the prostatic gland. ‘The nerve fibres, as well as the blood vessels which supply the foot, enter it at or near the buccal mass, on the median line. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. Philippi (in his deserip- tion of the soft parts of Pileopsis Garnoti, Payr,) says that a crumpled organ hangs from the lining of the pulmonary cham- ber, which is ‘“‘ evidently the gill.”” He admits that he had only a single specimen, in which several of the organs were indeter- minable. His figure is extremely indefinite, and is further com- plicated by the outline of the head, which is represented, on a small scale, as seen from below, while the remainder of the same figure represents the back, on a large scale, as seen from above ! His representation of the “gill” is unlike anything in the species now under consideration, though his “ gill’? occupies the place of the renal organ of the latter. His account must there- fore be regarded as erroneous, the error doubtless being due to the small amount of his material. The present species is a true Pulmonate. The pulmonary chamber extends over more than half the body, reaching the adductor muscle on the left side behind, and thence forward OF CONCHOLOGY. 15 with the opening as previously described to the right of the head, in the mantle margin. The buccal organs and viscera are sepa- rated from the chamber by a tough membrane, which lines the latter. The lung is leaf-shaped, and included between the lining of the chamber and the inner surface of the mantle; to the left of the lung between the membranes are a series of solid, flat- tened lobes, which empty by a duct near the pulmonary papilla. These are analogous with the renal organ of Melampus. hey do not project into the chamber, nor have they any resemblance to a gill. The lung terminates in a bifid papilla just within the opening in the mantle. In the posterior part of the lung is a capsule which contains the heart. he suture between the au- ricle and ventricle is very strongly impressed. ‘The heart is closely connected with a network of large blood vessels, from which branches penetrate the tissue of the lung, and the smaller capillaries anastomose between the membranes beyond the edge of the lung in the most delicate and beautiful manner. Dr. Leidy, who examined the organ, had no doubt as to its being a true lung. Several large vessels supply the liver and buccal region, and the smaller vessels enter the foot below the buccal mass. Alimentary System. The mouth is transversely oval, capable of considerable dilatation, with numerous ruge, parallel with the axis of the throat, when contracted. here is no jaw. The buccal mass is smaller and less muscular than in most pulmon- ates. The radula contains about four hundred rows of teeth; the lateral rows forming a sharp angle with the rhachis. The for- mula is about 110-1-110, so that the odontophore contains about 88,400 teeth. The nearest relations of the dentition appear to be with Stphonaria. The rhachidian tooth is minute, incon- spicuous, with an ill-defined cusp. ‘he outline of the base is hardly perceptible. The cusp is short, oval and pointed. The edges of the base are slightly thickened. The bases of the inner laterals are obliquely rhombiform. ‘he cusp consists of one long prominent tooth, flanked on each side by a slender, needle- like, minute, transparent denticle. These are very liable to be overlooked from their extreme transparency and small size. They are shorter, proportionally, toward the edge of the radula. Occasionally the main point of the cusp is bifid, or the smaller points are blended more or less with it; these forms, however, are evidently abnormal. (It is noteworthy in cases, such as this, when the radula con- tains a large number of similar and minute teeth, that the ten- dency to variation among them is much greater than when the 16 AMERICAN JOURNAL radula is much narrower and contains fewer teeth. The same generalization holds good in regard to the individual teeth. The larger the number of denticles on the cusp, the greater the ten- dency toward variation among them. In working over the den- tition of the Pulmonata, especially, it is very desirable that as large a number as possible of ribbons of each species should be compared to correct such errors of variation from the normal 0 The main point of the cusp in the inner laterals is about twice as long as the base; 1t becomes proportionally shorter toward the edges of the radula. All the denticles or teeth of the cusps are sharply pointed. About the seventy-fifth lateral the edges of the cusp on each side of the prominent denticle are slightly notched, and the two small denticles are almost evanescent. ‘These notches disappear about the one hundredth lateral, and the long tooth gradually decreases in proportional length, until in the extreme outer. laterals it is not more than half as long as the base. The cesophagus leaves the buccal body above and before the posterior extremity of the latter, and is slightly dilated there. It enters the ventral side of the stomach with a short double flexure. The stomach is oval in shape, and in all the specimens dissected was filled with a dark green vegetable matter. Leaving the stomach at the posterior end, the intestine turns upon itself and passes over the superior surface of the liver, diagonally across the body, terminating just inside the opening in the mantle. The sinus in the shell is due to the anterior extremity of the lung, and does not quite correspond with the course of the rec- tum. ‘The latter half of the intestinal canal is divided interiorly by incomplete septa, which serve the purpose of expelling the feeces in oval pellets. Reproductive System. The ovary is situated to the right of, and below the stomach. It consists of a number of convoluted tubes, more or less spirally twisted upon each other. The ovi- duct is short, and provided with an accessory mucous gland. Near the anterior extremity of this a small muscle is attached, and is fixed at the other end to one corner of the nearly triangu- lar vagina. The uterus is a kidney-shaped organ, and the duct passing from it into the vagina is provided with a genital bladder as in other Pulmonates.» The vagina terminates in a small pa- pilla externally. In small specimens this is almost invisible. The exact extent of the testicle was not clearly made out, but it is very slender and situated at the posterior end of the animal, in or upon the surface of the liver. The vas deferens is long and slender, passing through a pear- OF CONCHOLOGY. 17 shaped prostatic gland about midway of the body, it is pro- longed to the penis. The latter is long and larger at its posterior extremity, grow- ing more filiform anteriorly. The foramen opens on the side of the neck, just behind the right eye, and is of extreme minuteness. A slender retractor muscle is attached to the posterior end of the penis, and at its other extremity to the vas behind the pros- tate. The protractors are on the right side of the penis, shorter and stouter than the retractor. Special Organs. The specimens were so much contracted by the alcohol that no auditory capsule was visible. The eyes are minute, oval and black. The liver occupies nearly half of the visceral cavity. Part of it was a light brown, and part was whitish. No differences of structure or line of separation could be made out under a very high power. Two small pear-shaped salivary glands are attached to the upper posterior surface of the buccal mass. In the form of the verge, the renal organ, lung, muscular bands and other particulars, the general structure of this mollusk recalls Melampus, as figured by Souleyet. Habitat. Close to high water mark on the rocky beach be- tween Point Pinos and Point Cypress, near Monterey, Cal., I noticed a colony of forty-eight individuals. They were stationed pretty close together, on the rounded under side of a large, per- fectly clean, granitic boulder. In calm weather and during ordi- nary tides they would have been dry at high water. While refreshing myself after my morning tramp, I sat down on the beach, as the tide was falling, and watched the colony. As long as the rock on which they were remained damp, they continued with the margin of the shell firmly applied to it. The shells were notched and emarginated to correspond with the ru- gosities of the stone, and adhered to it so firmly as to be im- movable, unless great force was applied. There was absolutely nothing on the rock which could have supplied them with food. As soon as the boulder became dry, under the hot sun, I per- ceived a simultaneous motion in the colony. Each shell was raised above the surface of the stone, the head and foot were protruded, and the orifice of the pulmonary cavity was expanded. They were evidently enjoying the warm air. Some of them be- gan to move, and I thought that they were about to descend to the pebbles below, where an abundance of soft green alge offered an inviting repast. heir motions were so slow and my time so limited, however, that I made a prize of the whole colony with- 2 18 AMERICAN JOURNAL ° out further delay. They evidently moved about to obtain food, and by some mysterious instinct returned to their stations before high tide. The margins of the shells showed that they must have been formed by the peculiar inequalities of the station where I found them. Some of them had lost their way at times, as the lines of growth showed, where sudden changes had taken place in the curves of the margin where it touched the rock. Some of them had assumed the most fantastic forms from this cause; one exactly resembled a planter’s straw hat, and others showed curious constrictions or expansions of the margin. In some cases one or more small ones were mounted on the back of a larger individual, and there were erosions more or less deep, of a circular form, of the diameter of the rider’s foot. This erosion was most extensive around the margin, which was often deeply excavated, while the central portion of the circle was hardly eroded at all. It was probably due to the action of the radula, as faint stris might be distinguished by means of a glass. © In one case the indefatigable mollusk had gnawed through a stratum of shell a quarter of an inch thick on the apex of an old individual, which must have carried the incumbrance about for a long time. The rocks exhibited no erosion. The species was originally described from the Gulf of Califor- nia or Lower California, though by some misplacement of labels the habitat was pablished as Valparaiso, in deep water. I found a few dead specimens on the same rocky beach. Dr. Cooper and Mr. Rowell have obtained it from the Farallones, Half-Moon Bay, New Year’s Point, Santa Barbara and Santa Catalina Islands. I have some small but exactly similar speci- mens from Cape St. Lucas. Dr. Newcomb obtained this species from Santa Cruz Island. The number of specimens examined while investigating the anatomy of this species, is thirteen ; the number of shells which have passed through my hands is about seventy-five. GADINIA CARINATA, n. sp. Pl. 4, figs. 12, 18. Testa rotundata, depresso-conica, tenui, alba, subpellucida ; apice levi, subpostico et oblique marginem dextrum versus resu- pinato ; superne, striis multis minutis versus marginem radianti- bus; intus levi, sulco conspicuo munito, qui extus carinam va- lidem format. Lon. 0-66, lat. 0°60, alt. 0-16 in. Animal incognitum. Coll. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sciences. Hab. Aspinwall, Central America, Dr. E. Palmer. The thin depressed shell, fine striz, smooth and dextrally bent OF CONCHOLOGY. 19 apex, and the somewhat prominent carina formed by the internal groove, which causes an emargination of the anterior edge, readily distinguish this from the other species of the genus. The lines of growth are impressed and moderately strong. It is noticable that the apex is dextral, while in G. excentrica it appears from the figure to be sinistral. The latter is reported to inhabit corals in deep water, and it is possible that the animal may prove to differ from the true Gadinie, as living in such situations it can hardly be an air-breather. GADINIA EXCENTRICA, Tiberi. Gadinia excentrica, Tiberi, Journ. de Conchyl. 1857, p. 37, pl. u1, fig. 6, 6a. Testa ovalis, oblique conoidea, glaberrima, nitens, striis exi- lissimis longitudinaliter et transversim decussata; vertex excen- tricus, posticus, oblique recurvus, infra apicem lateraliter situs, apertura ovalis; margo simplex, acutus. (‘Tiberi.) Hab. Mediterranean, on the coasts of Sardinia. This species presents marked points of difference from all other described species of the genus, in its smooth exterior and twisted apex. It is said to be found.in the masses of coral brought up by divers in the Mediterranean. The animal is un- known, and needs examination. This completes the list of species of this genus as far as I have been able to ascertain. They are widely distributed over the world, but appear to be almost entirely confined to the eastern coasts of the two great oceans. Woodward speaks of the Red Sea as affording a species, but I have not been able to find any description of a Gadinza from that locality. Genus DESLONGCHAMPSIA, McCoy. Deslongchampsia, McCoy, MS. in Morris and Lycett, Mon. Gt. Ool. Moll. p. 94, pl. xii, f. 18, 1850. Hemitoma, Woodw. (non Swains.), Man. Rec. and Foss. Shells (in errata), p. 151, 1851-56. Deslongchampsia, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl., p. 376, f. 2819- 20. (Not = Metoptoma, Phil., 1836, as Chenu avers.) D. testa orbiculata, conica; apice subcentrali, versus marginem anticum inflexo; costulis radiantibus, antico sulco lato longitu- dinali in laminam appendiculatam producto. Shell suborbicular, conical; apex acute, subcentral, curving 20 AMERICAN JOURNAL slightly forwards ; with a wide longitudinal anterior sulcus, pro- duced into a rounded lobe beyond the margin. This genus differs from Gadinia in the sulcus being straight and longitudinal, instead of directed to the right; in the termi- nation being produced beyond the margin, instead of producing an emargination ; in having a mammillated apex and externally conspicuous sulcus, while in Gadinia the apex is inconspicuous and the sulcus is usually invisible externally; and finally in having the apex probably directed forward instead of backward, as seems to be the normal state of Gadinia. Its affinities appear to be rather with Hmarginula than Gad- enia, and I have appended this notice of it because the synonymy is confused, and Chenu has placed it in the Gadiniide. It is certainly not identical with Hemitoma, Swainson, with which Woodward unites it, of which the type is Subemarginula tricostata, Sby., sp. It also differs essentially from Metoptoma, . Phil., which Chenu gives asa synonym. The type of Metoptoma is the shell figured as ‘“P. solaris,” Chenu, p. 876, i, fig. 2821, according to Prof. F. B. Meek. Type. DrEsLoNGcHAMPSIA Hu@ENEI, McCoy. D, Eugenei, McCoy, MS. Morris and Lycett, Mon. Gt. Ool. Moll. i, p. 94, pl. xii, fig. 13, 18a, 1850. Morris, Cat. Brit. Foss. 1854. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 376, figs. 2819, 2820. D. testa suborbiculata, conica, apice subcentrali, acuto, sulco antico lato striato ; costis numerosis, longitudinalibus, transver- sisque decussantibus, sulcus interstitialibus profundis. Alt. 31., lat. 6 1. Fossil in the Great Oolite beds of Minchinhampton, found rarely in the white stone of Hastcombs and Bussage. Chenu’s figure gives the idea of a much smoother and more regularly radiated shell than that figured by Morris and Lycett. The regular crenulations of the margin, as figured by Chenu, are not found in the original figure, in which the apex is also much less smooth and mammillated. DESLONGCHAMPSIA LORICATA, Laube. D. loricata, Laube, Gast. des braunen Jura von Balin; Sitz. Kais. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1866, p. 82 (name only). Sto- liczka, Pal. Indica, Vol. II, p. 324. This species is catalogued by name without description or OF CONCHOLOGY. 21 figure, but accompanied by the remark that “it differs from D. appendiculata by its greater elevation and reticulated exterior, and from D. Hugenet by its more elevated form and alternating stronger and weaker striw ” (Laube, loc, cit.) The discrepancies between the figures of Chenu and Morris have been already alluded to; in default of a figure, the author might at least have afforded an intelligible description ; at present the species can hardly be said to have been established. It is merely referred to by name by Stoliczka. DESLONGCHAMPSIA APPENDICULATA, Desl. Patella appendiculata, Desl., Mem. Soc. Linn. de Norm. vii, pl, xi, figs. 1, 2. Deslongchampsia appendiculata, M. and L., Mon. Gt. Oolite Moll. p. 94, vol. i. D. testa subovata ; costis simplicis, grandis, radiantibus. Shell suboval, with large simple radiating costa. According to Prof. McCoy, the genus was first recognized, but not described, by M. Deslongchamps, who had only seen this species. There are a number of fossils which bear a strong resemblance to this genus and to Gadinia, but they are usually described as Patella, and the external surface, only, figured, so that it is im- possible to decide on their affinities. I have in each case, when practicable, copied the author’s original description. REFERENCES TO PLATE 2. Gadinia reticulata, Sby., Monterey, Cal. Fig. 1. Soft parts from above. a, anus. 0, opening of the pulmonary cavity. c, vaginal papilla. d, foramén of penis. m, buccal mass, showing the two nervous ganglia, the esophagus, the adductors and retractor muscles, and the position of the radula. h, heart. f, papilla of the lung. 0, ovary. 1, liver, indicated by the darker shade. a, m, muscles of attachment to the shell. 2, lung. 7, renal organ. Fig. 2. Ganglia. d, dorsal. v, ventral. Fig. 3. Foot stripped of all appendages, showing the mode of growth of the muscles. Fig. 4. a, central and six lateral teeth of the radula as in situ. d,6th lateral. h, 24th lateral. f, abnormal 25th lateral. 6, T5th lateral. c, 80th lateral. g, 100th lateral. e, extreme outer laterals. 22 AMERICAN JOURNAL Fig. 5. Muscular impressions on the shell, nat. size. a, cica- trix of the mantle. 6, 6, horse-shoe-shaped muscle cicatrix. d., sinus. (Drawn as if seen from above.) Fig. 6. Animal, nat. size, as moving. Fig. 7. a, anterior rhachidian teeth. 0, the same near the middle of the radula. ¢, side figure of 6th lateral. d, do. of Toth lateral. ‘Fig. 8. Section of the rectum. Fig. 9. Side view of alimentary canal. REFERENCES TO PLATE 4. Fig. 1. Side view of normal specimen of G. reticulata, Sby. Fig. 2. Same from below. Fig. 3. Curious variety of the same. Fig. 12. Gadinia carinata, Dall, from above, nat. size. Fig. 13. Same from below. bo oo OF CONCHOLOGY, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MARINE BIVALVE MOLLUSCA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.—No. 2. BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR. 7. Macua Wixsontt, Tryon.—Plate 1, fig. 2. Description.—Shell oval-oblong convex, anteriorly broadly obliquely rounded, posteriorly truncately rounded, white under a light corneous epidermis, with rugose growth-striz, and with raised oblique irregularly curved lines extending from the poste- rior dorsal margin towards the central part of the ventral margin, most of them abruptly angled before reaching the margin, and thence ascending again obliquely towards the anterior dorsal margin. Umbones not very prominent, situated at a little more than one-third the total length from the anterior end. Dorsal margin a little incurved and descending posteriorly. Ventral margin also slightly incurved in the middle. Within glossy white. ‘Dimensions.—Width 3-25. Length 1:50 inches. Hab.—China. Observations.—This is a common species, frequently met with in boxes of Chinese shells, yet strangely overlooked by the con- chologists. In form and sculpture it resembles the Mediterra- nean M. strigillatus, but it is larger, more solid and white. Named in compliment to the late Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, a gen- tleman who took great interest in conchology, and to whose liberality the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences is largely indebted. 8. Donax (Serrula) pictus, Tryon.—Plate 1, fig. 1. Description.—Shell convex, obtusely wedge-shaped, broadly truncate behind, anteriorly rounded ; posterior angle prominent but rounded ; ventrally somewhat arcuated ; umbones prominent ; 24 AMERICAN JOURNAL surface covered with flat ribs, separated by narrow, shallow sulci. White, with brownish, longitudinal, pencilled rays. Teeth white, prominent ; interior surface white and polished; margin strongly denticulated ; the interstices between the denticulations, on the posterior margin dark brown. Dimensions.—Length 19, width 28 mill. Hab.—? Observations.—I cannot approximate this species to any hith- erto publiched. It seems peculiar in its strong denticulations and color. The only specimen which I have seen is in the Academy’s collection. It is somewhat worn, but when fresh, the species must be beautiful in appearance. 9. TELLINA (Peronea) Conrandl, Tryon.—Plate 1, fig. 5. Description.—Ovate, somewhat inequilateral, rounded in front, obtusely wedge-shaped and flexuose behind; one valve convex, » smooth, polished; the other not so convex, crowded with oblique fine lines; dorsal margins somewhat convex, sloping; ventral margin convex before, slightly concave behind. Rose color in- side and outside. Dimensions.—Length 16, width 25 mill. Hab.—? Observations.—This species has been hitherto confounded with T. dispar, Conrad. It differs from that species in color and in form, being more produced and flexuose posteriorly. Sowerby’s figures, 113, 114 (Thes. Conch. i.), included by him in dispar, represent this species. 10. SrRIGILLA PRODUCTA, Tryon.—Plate 1, fig. 4. Description.—Shell solid, subglobose, anteriorly rounded, pos- teriorly produced, obliquely finely striated, glossy white, cen- trally covered with a large, rose-colored spot outside and inside. Dimensions.—Length 6°5, width 8 mill. Hab.—Ins. Jamaica. Observations.—This species has been confounded hitherto with the common West Indian form, S. pisiformis, which it strongly resembles, but may be readily distinguished by its much more produced posterior side. OF CONCHOLOGY. pd: | NOTE ON CYCLOPHORUS FOLIACEUS, REEVE (NON CHEMNITZ), AND C. LEAI, TRYON. BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR. When I wrote the description of ?Cyclostoma Leai, published in this journal (V. part 2), Reeve’s Monograph of Cyclophorus was not accessible to me. I now find that my species is figured in the Iconica (figure 52) as Cyclophorus foliaceus, Chemnitz, and the Andaman Islands assigned as locality. Mr. Reeve remarks : “Tt was admirably figured between seventy and eighty years ago by Chemnitz, but the figures of the Conchylien Cabinet have been regarded as representing worn specimens of the well-known Otopoma Naticoides, from Socotra, which has a shelly operculum. Dr. Pfeiffer separated it from that species in 1846, in his Mono- graph of Cyclostoma, in Kiister’s edition of the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet ;’ but in his subsequent monographs he abandoned that view, and quoted it as a synonym of 0. Naticoides. Mr. Ben- son’s discovery, confirming the original species of Chemnitz, was made known in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for February, 1860, and January, 1861. It will be seen that Mr. Benson’s specimens are smaller than that figured by Chem- nitz, but he thinks it probable that larger specimens may be found when the exploration of the main island of the group can be safely attempted. The varicose repetition of the lip appears to be a constant character of the species.” In 1865 Pfeiffer published a second supplement to his mono- graph, and therein changes his views of the species in question, adopting the opinions of Messrs. Benson and Reeve. Neither of my specimens contained an operculum, so that, to me, their generic position was doubtful; but those submitted to Mr. Benson contained horny opercula, and thus he has placed the species in Cyclophorus. That Reeve’s shell figured is the same as mine, I do not doubt ; but it is certainly different from the species figured by Chemnitz. The latter is much larger, and the foliations are continued across 26 AMERICAN JOURNAL the shell for nearly an entire volution. I think it entirely proba- ble that Chemnitz’s species zs from the Andaman Islands, as it is In many respects closely allied to mine. Until we shall re- ceive more evidence on the subject, I think my species ought to stand, the synonymy to be as follows: CycLopHorus Leal, Tryon, 1869. Cyclophorus foliaceus of Reeve and Benson (non Chemnitz), 1860-61. The pattern of the epiSrmis was unknown to the English naturalists. OF CONCHOLOGY. 2 ~J CATALOGUE OF THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF FULTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. BY JOHN WOLF. SUCCINEA, Drapernaud. S. obliqua, Say. “ vermeta, ‘“¢ “ avara, .* ** Grosvenorii, Lea. eo Wardiana...,/ ° “ Mooresiana, ‘ ‘ Nuttalliana, <‘ MACROCYCLUS, Beck. M. concava, Say. HYALINA, Ferussac. H. indentata, Say. ‘* arborea, es ‘“‘ electrina, Gld. CONULUS, Fitzinger. C. chersina, Say. STROBILA, Morse. 8. labyrinthica, Say. ANGUISPIRA, Morse. A. solitaria, Say. “ alternata, ‘ PATULA, Held. P. perspectiva, Say. *“ striatella, Anth. HELICODISCUS, Morse. H. lineata, Say. PSEUDOHYALINA, Morse. P. minuscula, Binney. VALLONIA, Risso. V. minuta, Say. ULOSTOMA, Albers. U. profunda, Say. MESODON, Rafinesque. M. thyroides, Say. 66 “ clausa, “ Pennsylvanica, Green. ‘“‘ multilineata, Say. ‘var. unicolor, ‘ STENOTREMA, Rafinesque. S. lineata, Say. ‘“‘ monodon, var. fraterna, Say. “¢ ae “© Leaii, Ward. LEUCOCHILA. L. armifera, Say. ** pentodon, “ “‘ contracta, ‘* PUPILLA, Leach. P. fallax, Leach. “‘ corticaria, Leach. “¢ rupicola, - VERTIGO. V. ovata, Say. “ milium, Gld. 28 _ AMERICAN JOURNAL V. simplex, Gd. “ tridentata, Wolf. CARYCHIUM, Say. C. exiguum. LYMNAA, Lamarck. L. umbrosa, Say. “retlexa,’ « ‘‘ caperata, “ ** desidiosa, ‘‘ Sshumilis, .°- “ exigua, Lea. “veurta; “* 66 parva, 66 PHYSA, Drapernaud. P. gyrina, Say. “ hypnorum, Drapernaud. “¢ Hildrethiana, Lea. HELISOMA, Swainson. H. trivolvis, Say. ‘“« bicarinatus, Say. MENETUS, H. and A. Adams. M. exacutus, Say. GYRAULUS, Agassiz. G. deflectus, Say. 66 ‘ Ge parvus, PLANORBULA, Hald. P. armigera, Say. ANCYLUS, Geoffrey. A. tardus, Say. VALVATA, O. F. Miller. V. tricarinata, Say. MELANTHO, Bowditch. M. subsolida, Anth. “rufa, Hald. ‘‘ exilis, Lea. VIVIPARA, Mont. V. intertexta, Say. ‘“¢ subpurpurea, Say. “¢ contectoides, Binney. SOMATOGYRUS, Gill. S. isogona, Say. AMNICOLA, Gld. and Hald. A. decisa, Hald. “‘ limosa, Say. “ porata, Say. ‘‘ Cificinnatiensis, Anth. BYTHINELLA, Leach. B. obtusa, Lea. POMATIOPSIS, Tryon. P. Cincinnatiensis, Lea. ‘“‘ Japidaria, Say. PLEUROCERA, Rafinesque. P. subulare, Lea. << SWwisthya a GONIOBASIS, Lea. G. gracilior, Anth. ‘“‘ livescens, Menke. SPH #RIUM, Scopoli. S. solidulum, Prime. ‘‘ triangulare, Say. “ transversum, ‘‘ “ sphericum, Anth. “ rosaceum, Prime. “ occidentale, PISIDIUM, Pfeiffer. P. abditum, Hald. ‘¢ variabile, Przme. UNIONID. UNIO, Brug. U. multiplicatus, Lea. ‘** pustulatus, sf ** pustulosus, ellipsis, Lea. elegans, ‘ ebenus, ag securis, - 6 spatulatus, ac donaciformis, ‘ iris, S Zig-Zag, my anodontoides, ‘ tenuissimus, ‘ trigonus, * tuberculatus, ‘“ Dorfeuillianus, occidens, se coccineus, ee rubiginosus, solidus, Ks asperrimus, $6 levissimus, es Cooperianus, ‘ inflatus, 4) neglectus, e monodontus, Say. alatus, es undulatus, Barnes. gibbosus, és ligamentinus, Lam. gracilis, Barnes. OF CONCHOLOGY. U. cornutus, Barnes. * triangularis, ‘ parvus, oy fragosus, Conrad. luteolus, Lam. crassidens, Lam. <* rectus, a “< capax, Green. “¢ metanever, Raf. * orbiculatus, Hild. “« ANsopus, (treen. ** plicatus, Leseur. if 66 74 66 MARGARITANA, Schum. M. confragosa, Lea. *“ complanata, ‘ ‘“¢ rugosa, oe ‘“ marginata, “ “ deltoidea, ce ANODONTA, Lam. A. corpulenta, Cooper. “* grandis, Say. “ ovata, Lea. “ subcarinata, Currier. ‘“¢ suborbiculata, Say. ‘¢ imbecillis, c “ edentula, Lea. 99 30 AMERICAN JOURNAL REMARKS ON THE ANATOMY OF THE GENUS SIPHO- NARIA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. BY WM. H. DALL, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The genus Siphonaria, described by Sowerby in 1824, is one of the most natural and homogeneous instituted at that early day. It comprises: some ninety species, principally from the tropics, but has representatives in most parts of the temperate zone. Probably the most northern species yet described is one men- tioned in this paper—S. thersites, Cpr., from Sitka and the coast of Alaska in lat. 57° N. If a conchologist were to take a specimen of this species in one hand and in the other a specimen of S. gigas, Sby., from Panama, he would hardly be inclined, however, to place both of them in the same group. One is smooth, horny and minute, with the apex subterminal, and the siphon rib very large; and the other is very large, solid and heavy, with the apex central, and no outward indication of the siphon. Between these forms, however, we find gradations; yet the genus, from the shells alone, may be separated into two natural groups, perhaps of subgeneric value, of which one contains the greater proportion of the species. The dentition of a species of Siphonaria (spe- cific name not given) is figured by Woodward in his manual, and has been copied by all subsequent authors, or described (as by H. and A. Adams) as representing the dentition of the genus. The species is from the Cape of Good Hope, and from that locality all the described species belong to the S. sipho group. I have not been able to obtain the soft parts of more than one of the species of that group, to confirm Woodward’s figure. The examination of several species of the group typified by SN. thersites, shows a decided difference in the dentition. The following is suggested as an arrangement of the family: OF CONCHOLOGY. oa Family SIPHONARIID. Syn. Siphonariade, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840. Mrs. Gray’s Moll. vol. iv, p. 181, 1859. Cpr. Maz. Shells, p. 181, 1856. Siphonaride, D’Orb., Voy. Amer. Meridionale, 1841. Siphonaride, H. and A. Adams, Vol. ii, p. 270. Gen. Ree. Moll., Nov., 1855. Binney, L. and F. W. Sh. of N. Amer. ii, 152. Chenu. Man., vol. i, p. 485, 1859. Genus SIPHONARIA, Sby. Syn. Stphonaria, Sby., Genera of shells, part xxi, 1824. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 6. Blainville, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. XXxil, p. 267, 1825. Rang, Man. des. Moll. p. 141, 1829. H. and A. Adams (as of Blainv.) Gen. Rec. Moll. vol. ii, p- 270. Woodw. Rec. and Foss. Shells, pp. 155 and 174. Hanley P. Z. §., 1858. Muretia, D’Orb., (as of Sby.) Voy. Amer. Meridion. p. 682, 1841. Trimusculus, Schmidt., MSS., 1832. Isis, p. 152. Tvria, Gray, MSS. Phil. Mag., 1824. Lepas sp. (Le Mouret) Adans., Coq. du Senegal, p. 34, 1757. Patella sp. various authors. . Nacella, sp., Cpr. Type Siphonaria sipho, Sby. China, Japan. The genus may be divided into two natural sections, as fol- lows : A. (Siphonaria.) Shell solid, porcellanous ; apex central or sub-central ; pro- vided with more or less elevated radiating ribs or ridges, which by their projection render the margin irregular. In many of the species the siphonal groove is produced internally beyond, or passes around, the apex on the left side. In Quoy’s figure of S. diemenensis the gill is represented as passing before the heart. The inner lateral teeth have a broad, somewhat oblique, cusp, emarginate at the tip. (The outer laterals are also described as similar by Woodward, but this does not agree with my observa- tions.) ‘The outer laterals are broad and tridentate. The cen- tral tooth is slender with a lozenge-shaped cusp. The jaw is simple and arcuated. ‘This section of the genus is best typified by S. gigas, Sby., and S. sipho, Sby. Most of the species are tropical. on AMERICAN JOURNAL B. (Liriola.) Shell thin, horny ; smooth, or furnished with fine radiating lines, which do not interrupt the margin. Apex marginal or submarginal, twisted to the left of the median line in most of the species. The gill passes behind the heart and lung. The jaw is simple and arcuate. The rhachidian tooth is moderate, with a simple pointed cusp. The inner laterals are long, narrow and strongly bidentate. The outer laterals are broad and tri- dentate with short cusps. This section is typified by JS. thersites, Cpr., and would in- clude S. lateralis, Gld., S. redemiculum, Rve., S. Macgillivray?, Rve., S. Lesson, Blainy., and all the similar species, such as S. tristensis, S. lineolata and others from the South American coast. The species are more numerous in the temperate zone, though not confined to it. If it be considered desirable to give a name to this group, Liriola might be used in a restricted sense to indicate it. The following species belongs to the first section : SIPHONARIA ALTERNATA, Say. Patella alternata, Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Sci. vol. v, p. 215, Feb., 1826. Siphonaria alternata, Say, Am. Conch. part iv, pl. 38, 1852. Binney’s Say’s Works, pp. 124, 192, pl. 88. Binney L. and F. W. Shells of N. Am. part ii, p. 153, fig. 254. Chenu, 50, pl. xiii, fig. 3. Shell conical, with more or less elevated, unequal ribs, thirty or more in number. Apex subcentral, recurved obliquely, the tip pointing in a nearly parallel direction with the longitudinal axis of the shell, and acute. Color brown, radiated with white ; base oval. Length three-tenths of an inch. Say’s figure of this species in Binney’s reprint is represented as with too few ribs and too smooth interspaces. The wood-cut copy in the L. and F. W. Shells of N. A. is also very poor. The external appearance of the animal is much like the next species. The mantle edge is brown, thick and somewhat corru- gated. The remainder is livid slate color. The lobe which closes the pulmonary opening is large and thin, gray and edged with brown. There were no eyes visible, yet they probably exist and are very minute. The anatomy resembles that of the next species, except that the penis is larger in proportion to the size of the animal. The jaw is simple and arcuated. The central tooth is very slender ; the cusp has a simple point. The inner laterals have a OF CONCHOLOGY. 33 broad emarginated cusp nearly twice as long as the base. The laterals grow broader and shorter toward the edge. The outer thirteen laterals are tridentate. The inner laterals from the eleventh to fifteenth are bidentate. The formula is 39-1:30 or 15:15:1:15-15. There are about two hundred rows in all. The following species belong to the second section : SIPHONARIA THERSITES, Cpr., Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 425. Cpr. (MSS.) Suppl. Rep. to the Brit. As., 1863, pp. 627 and 676. Stearns, shells of Alaska, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. Vol. III, p. 834. Testa parva, tenui, haud elevata, valde inequilaterali, dense nigro-castanea, levi seu interdum costulis paucis, obtusis, obso- letis, radiatim vix ornata; epidermide levi, tenui, fugaci ; costa pulmonali intus et extus valde conspicua, tumente; vertice obtuso, plerumque ad quadrantem, interdum ad trientem totius longitudinis sito; intus intense nigro-fusco, margine acuto. Lon. “46, Lat. :39,, Alt. -17,in. Hab. Neeah Bay ; Sitka; Vancouver’s Island; Fort Simpson ; N- W.. C,:Am, The external appearance of the animal is very plain. The mantle edge, sides of the foot, and head are smooth and even. The lobe is stout and short. The head is small, and the eyes could not be found with a high power. ‘The soft parts are en- tirely contained within the shell. The color in spirits was a dusky slate-color. The jaw is simple, arcuated and rounded at the ends. The rhachidian tooth is slender with a simple pointed cusp. The inner nine laterals are provided with an oblique, equi- bidentate cusp. The tenth, eleventh and twelfth are tridentate. The remainder are much broader and shorter, tridentate; the central point more prominent than the others, and, in the thir- teenth, fourteenth and fifteenth slightly emarginate at the tip. The cusps grow less conspicuous toward the outer edge, and in the outer three teeth are hardly perceptible. ‘The formula is, 22°1°22, or 7:3°3:9-1:9°3-3°7. This species having been obtained in lat. 57° N., is probably the most northern representative of the genus. SIPHONARIA TRISTENSIS, Shy. S. Tristensis, Sby., Genera of Shells, fig. 8. Rve. Mon. St phonaria, Pl. V, fig. 23a, b. Patella Tristensis, Leach, teste Rve. Stphonaria Lessoni, Blainv., teste Rve. 3 34 AMERICAN JOURNAL S. testa ovato-conica, tenuicula, vertice sub-oblique acuminato et intorto ; sordide virescente, lineis fuscis irregulariter radiatim filosa, intus nitente castanea. Hab. Tristan d’Acunha, Rve. (in error.) Orange Harbor, Tierra del Fuego. U.S. Exploring Expedition. External Appearance. The epidermis on the head and sides of the foot is granulose, rough to the touch. The mantle edge is simple, slightly tuberculose and continuous over the head and lobe. The colors, as far as could be judged from the alcoholic specimens, had been purplish. The edge of the mantle was dis- tinctly marked by well defined stripes of dark brown or blackish, and white ; corresponding to the riblets and dark intervals of the shell. The head or muzzle is rounded, with the corners some- what produced or triangular. The sides of the foot are broad, and the sole is smaller in proportion to the aperture of the shell than in most patelliform shells. The lobe beneath the pulmon-. ary opening is triangular and large. It is pierced for the anus. On the neck behind the head is a small papilla, indicating the foramen of the genitalia. It is on the right side. The end of the muzzle is flattened, and the mouth is not conspicuous. Alimentary System. The buccal mass is proportionately small, and not as muscular as in most pulmonates. The cesopha- gus leaves it {from the middle of the superior surface, and at the posterior end of the buccal body is constricted and bound down by a collar of nerves and muscular fibres. A small elongated salivary gland lies on the upper surface of the buccal mass, on each side of the cesophagus, and empties into it by the posterior termination of the gland. Behind the collar the alimentary canal is broadly dilated, forming a sort of crop. This is slightly constricted, and behind the constriction is the true stomach. This is rhomboidal in shape. The intestine leaves the stomach at its anterior end, on the left side, and is reflected over the latter in a broad loop to the right, when it turns again, and passing around the posterior end of the body opens through the lobe, which closes the pulmonary orifice. Some small muscular fibres bind the posterior end of the stomach to the foot. The jaw is horny and dark brown. The cutting edge is smooth and arcuated. ‘The portion which is inserted into the flesh is striated and produced into long, stout, muscular fila- ments, which are not represented in the figure. There are two well marked notches on the superior edge. The jaw is deeply grooved behind and the inner surface striated. The radula is stout and of a dark brown color. The formula is 50:1:50 or 20°30-1-30-20. OF CONCHOLOGY. 35 The rhachidian tooth is broad, rounded before, and with the base arcuate behind. The cusp is simple, rounded before, and more or less pointed behind. In some individuals this point is more prolonged than in others, and in such cases the tip is trans- parent, while the rest of the cusp is yellowish. he inner twenty-seven laterals have a longitudinally arcuated rhomboidal base, of which the anterior edge is produced before the cusp. The latter is long, with one prominent long denticle, and one short and triangular on the inner side. The tips of these den- ticles are more or less transparent, while the body of the cusp is yellow, and the thick base showing through is liable to mislead the observer, as to the form of the cusp. The twenty-eighth lateral is similar but broader, with a shorter denticle, more or less bifid or arcuate at the tip, and the cusp is broadly rounded on the outer side. The twenty-ninth has the prominent denticle emarginate, broad and rounded, and has a third denticle on the outer side. The emargination of the chief denticle is more ob- vious in young specimens, and in old ones is not always notice- able, except in a smaller number of the laterals. The laterals gradually increase in width and decrease in length toward the edge of the radula, and in the extreme outer teeth have the three denticles rounded, sub-equal, and the base more than twice as wide as it is long. The cusps of the inner laterals are, to a certain extent, bayo- net-shaped, as will be seen by the figure. There are about two hundred and fifty rows. Muscular System. There are no internal bands of muscular fibre as in Melampus or Gadinia. The muscles which control the buccal mass are not strongly developed. ‘The muscles of the preputium are spirally arranged in two layers. , The adductor is divided into three parts. On the right a broad passage exists where the opening of the pulmonary cavity lies. ‘The small portion of the right limb of the adductor, an- terior to this, is rounded-triangular. The mantle is attached to the shell, over the head, so that the scar is continuous. The right extremity of the posterior part of the adductor is broadly rounded. On the left the scar appears continuous, but the an- terior and posterior parts, though approximate, are separated by a suture, showing a tendency to bilateral symmetry. The left anterior portion closely approaches the buccal mass. The foot is moderately thick and muscular, and divided by a very faint median line in its internal muscular structure. The nerves and blood vessels mostly enter the foot in this line. Circulatory System. The heart is enclosed in a sac, of which 36 AMERICAN JOURNAL the longitudinal diameter is parallel with the axis of the body. This sac is situated on the left side, between the lung and the renal organ. Several large vessels traverse the lung, and one crosses it, and follows the median line of the gill. The smaller vessels could not be traced, as the specimens had been Bey years in spirits and were extremely rigid. Respiratory System. The lung resembles that of Auricula, but is less developed than in that genus. It is rounded tri- angular, and terminates in a multifid papilla, through which the renal organ also discharges its secretions by a special duct. The branchiz are simply triangular folds of the lining mem- brane of the mantle, somewhat attached to each other by a raphe, in the line of which the principal vein passes. These folds are more or less numerous in different individuals, apparently more conspicuous in the older specimens, but by no means constant. Some authors have considered the lungs of mollusca as invagi-- nated gills. The present instance does not bear out the homology. The gills are simple modifications of the mantle lining, while the lung is a special organ, which serves a specified purpose, and none other, and does not involve the mantle lining, except as one of the membranes between which the lung is situated. Reproductive System.—-The genitalia have a common opening into a small papilla on the right side of the neck, behind the head. The penis is very large and stout. It is contained in a preputium, consisting of two spirally coiled muscular layers. These are continued in a kind of sac, which is reflexed anteri- orly, and contains the testicle. The latter is very small and easily overlooked, and the prostate is also inconspicuous. The ovary is large and kidney shaped. It is really doubled up upon itself. There is a small spiral mucus gland at the pos- terior extremity, but the duct of this gland is very long, and only enters the oviduct beyond the ovary. The latter leaves the ovary with a double flexure, and is prolonged as a simple, slender tube entering the rounded-triangular uterus by the left posterior angle. The genital bladder enters on the other side by a short, stout tube. The former is rounded and transversely ovate. The uterus is large and somewhat produced at the pos- terior corners. The vagina, if we may term it so, is moderately large, and opens into the genital papilla before mentioned. The latter is very small in young examples. Nervous System.—This principally consists of a stout, ner- ‘vous collar, of ganglia united by nerve fibres, encircling the esophagus just behind the buccal mass. More numerous fibres are given out below than above. One of the former connects with a stall accessory ganglion near the ovary. OF CONCHOLOGY. 37 Other organs.—The eyes in this species are exceedingly minute, so as to be invisible to the naked eye unless well trained. They are circular and deep seated. In alcoholic specimens the skin must be carefully shaved away and examined by transmitted light in order to find them at all. They can be of little real use to the mollusk, as vision must be out of the question, and they ean hardly be more than sensible to light and darkness. No orgaus of hearing were detected. This dissection does not agree with the figures of Quoy GS. Diemenensis), which, as is the case with many of Quoy’s figures, seem to owe a good deal to the imagination of the artist. Iam inclined to refer the differences, especially those of the genitalia, rather to this cause than to any real differences of structure between the species. SIPHONARIA PELTOIDES, Dall ex Cpr. Plate 4, fig. 11, a, b.” Nacella peltoides, Cpr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1864, i, p. 474, No. 15. Sup. Rep. Br. Ass. 1863, pp. 418 and 545. Nacella, sp. indet., Cpr., Maz. Cat. No. 262, p. 202. Rep. Br. Assoc. 1856, p. 252. Nacella (?) subspiralis, Cpr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. iii, p. 213, 1866. Sup. Rep. Br. Assoc. 1863, p. 612, No. 65; p. 650, No. 240 (name only). Coop. Geogr. Cat. Cal. Moll. p- 23, No. 443, 1867. Nacella ? vernalis, Dall, MSS. 1866. Stearns, Shells of Pu- rissima and Lobitas, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. Vol. iti. p. 345, 1867. Hepburn’s Shells, do., p. 284. Shells of Santa Barbara, do., p. 344. S. testa tenuissima, conica, parva; vertice subacuto, subpos- tico; levi seu interdum costulis paucis, obsoletis radiatim vix ornata; epidermide tenui subfusco seu viridi clari, non levi, fugaci; costa pulmonali intus et extus valde inconspicua; testa, extus subfusco cum luteo-virido radjatim ; intus lzevissime. Lon. 48, Lat. -36, Alt. 23 in. , Habitat, Monterey, Purissima, Lobitas, Santa Barbara and San Diego, California. Gallapagos Islands, Dr. Hable. Maza- tlan (Reigen coll.), Cpr. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. Catalina Id., Cooper, 6—10 fms., dead. ; Shell small, thin, conical; apex recarved, nearly in the median line, more or less acutely pointed; generally somewhat eroded in old specimens. Epidermis thin, not polished, smooth, brown- ish red on the apex and in dead shells; in fresh or young indi- viduals of a bright grass green, somewhat wrinkled and fre- quently overlapping the border of the shell; fugacious. Shell smooth, reddish brown, with fifteen or more light yellow green 38 AMERICAN JOURNAL rays of color, radiating from the spire. There are no ribs or costee, but occasionally a moderately sharp line or two may be cbserved radiating from the apex, and impressed, as it were, from below. The apex is lighter than the rest of the shell. The interior is extremely polished and brilliant, and only in dead specimens is the mark of the siphon perceptible without a glass. The external colors are visible within, from the translucency of the shell. The siphonal groove is not visible from the outside, nor does it cause any extension or emargination of the edge of the shell. The aperture is roundly oval and the edge simple. Some thirty specimens of this beautiful little species were found dead on the Halfmoon beach at Monterey. One was found adhering to the frond of a Laminaria. Dr. Newcomb obtained it at Santa Barbara; Mr. Hepburn at San Diego; Mr. Stearns at Purissima and Lobitas, San Mateo county, Cal. Among a large number of beach shells obtained on the Gallapagos Islands | by Dr. Hable, this species was not uncommon; the specimens were generally thinner, lighter colored, and smaller than those obtained from further North. When this shell was first obtained at Monterey, in a hurried list of species found by me at that lo- cality, I gave it the MSS. name of vernalis, from the bright green epidermis, and referred it doubtfully to the genus Wacella, which it externally resembles. Being called away by other du- ties to a more northern station, the MSS. and specimens were referred to Dr. Carpenter. At first that gentleman was disposed to refer the shell to a lost species described by Middendorf under the name of Acmea pileolus. As the shell in question has not been found north of San Francisco, it is not probable that Mid- dendorf ever saw it, and, moreover, I am informed that his type specimens do not agree with his diagnosis, and are probably young Acmeas, while his figures differ from this species. Dr. Carpenter called my attention to the mark of the siphon, and a more thorough examination showed that it belonged to the genus Siphonaria. A careful examination of the type specimens in the Smithsonian Cabinet has developed the following unexpected coincidences : Nacella peltoides, Cpr. (S. I. Cat. No. 4023) is exceedingly minute, but appears to be identical with this species. The type is so young that it is almost-cvlorless, but the mark of the siphon is perceptible with a magnifier. It is a pity that so inelegant a name must be applied to this pretty species.* ? Nacella subspiralis, Cpr. (S. I. Cat. No. 11,847). A careful * The nuclear whorls, usually broken off, are preserved in the unique type of subspzralzs, aud in the types of peltocdes. I also found them ona very few speeimens from Mty. and Gal. Ids. OF CONCHOLOGY. 39 study of the type convinces me that it differs from normal adult specimens of peltocdes ouly in being abnormally elevated, dead and faded. The siphon mark is evident under a glass. The epidermis is gone; and the margin is irregular, showing that its station must have been unfavorable to lateral expansion, hence the unusually elevated and conical form. The animal has not, as yet, been observed. For a littoral species it has an extraordinary range; from Monterey to the Gallapagos Islands, and its discovery at the latter point by Dr. Hable is extremely interesting. The only other species known from Monterey and the Gallapagos are Semele rupiwm, Sby.; (?)Modiola capax, Conrad; (¢)Bulla Quoyi, Gray; and (?) Pur- pura triangularis, Blainv. The three latter are doubtful. ‘Two other species of Stphonaria [\S. gigas and S. scutellum(?)] are reported from the Gallapagos. (The locality of S. sewtellwm is given by Reeve as New Zealand.) The following species are known on the West Coast, north of Panama: Siphonaria gigas, Sby., Equador to Gulf of California. S. lecantum, Phil., ee s e S. characteristica, Reeve (?-gigas var.), Gallapagos and Pan- ama. S. peltoides, Dall ex Cpr., Gallapagos to Monterey. S. seutellum, Blainv., Gallapagos. S. maura, Sby., Panama. S. pica, Sby., Panama and Cent. Am. Bucosidtd, Svy¥s,) 1° es S. equilirata (Reeve), Cpr., Gulf of California. S. (? var.) palmata, Cpr., Mazatlan. S. thersites, Cpr., Puget Sound to Sitka. There are probably several other species on the coast and Gulf of California, which I cannot determine from the material at hand. There are also one or two species in Japan, which may be found on some of the Aleutian Islands. ANISOMYON, Meek, 1860. Anisomyon, Meek and Hayden, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Art, xxix (2d series), p. 33, pl. 1 (A. patelliformis), Jan., 1860. Type A. borealis, Morton sp. (as Hipponyz-) This genus was constituted for several rounded, thin, sparsely striated, cretaceous, patelliform shells, which have the muscular impression interrupted on the right side, and the apex, when . perfect, subspiral or reflected. They appear to form a passage 40 AMERICAN JOURNAL toward Gadinia in their frounded form, but are more closely allied to the Siphonariide. They cannot be affiliated to the Pa- _ tellide or Tecturide. The following species were enumerated in the paper alluded to, as having been definitely identified as be- longing to this genus: A. dorealis, Morton; A. sexsuleatus, alveolus, patelliformis, and subovatus, all of Meek and Hayden... The student who desires to pursue the subject further, will do well to consult the Conchologia Iconica and the list of species of Siphonaria given by Hanley in the Proc. of the Zool. Society of London, 1858, page 151. REFERENCES TO PLATE 4. Fig. 8. a, side view of Stph. thersites, with the shell removed. b, view of same in the shell, from below. Fig. 9. Nervous system of Siphonaria Tristensis, Sby. Fig. 10. Dentition of Siphonaria (Stphonaria) alternata, Say. b, Rhachidian tooth. , section of 17th lateral. as i] Fig. 11. Stiphonaria (Liriola) peltoides, Dall ex Cpr. , from above, enlarged one-fourth. , side view. o = EXPLANATION OF Puate 5. Fig. 1. Dentition of Stphonaria (Liriola) tristensis, Sby. 1’’ a, side view of 45th tooth. mG, S* . GSS) SS. Tet Jatonal 1" b, section of do. ° Fig. 2. Dentition of Stphonaria (Liriola) thersites, Cpr. 1’ a, side view of Ist lateral. Fig. 3. Digestive and generative organs of Siphonaria tristensis, Sby. From above. a, anus. i, oo Tan b, genital bladder. ¢ 1,1,1, boundary of liver. ¢C, crop. l,a, left adductor muscle. g, genital papilla. a 2 “ m, buccal mass. p, a4, posterior adductor. 0, ovary, Pp, _—~penis. r, rectum, s, salivary gland. st, stomach. t, testis. OF CONCHOLOGY. 41 Fig. 4. Jaw of S. tristensis. a, anterior view. b, posterior view. Fig. 5. Jaw of S. thersites from in front. Fig. 6. Siphonaria tristensis from below, in the shell. Fig. T. The same from above with the shell removed and the mantle turned back. m, attachment of the mantle to the shell. r, renal organ. h, cardial sac cut open to show the heart, p, pulmonary papilla and lung traversed by blood vessels. b, branchia. The dotted line indicates the course of the rectum. 42 AMERICAN JOURNAL NOTES ON MOLLUSCA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA. BY J. G. COOPER, M. D. Monterey is situated in lat. 86° 36’, on nearly the same pa- rallel as Norfolk, Va., Cadiz, Spain, and the northern part of Niphon, Japan, and has of late become quite noted among those interested in the conchology of western North America, as an excellent locality for obtaining a large variety of species both of the northern and southern temperate groups. Its situation and local conditions are perhaps better suited for producing a large number of marine species of mollusca than those of any other point on the coast of temperate North America. It has the ad- vantages of an insular and a continental station combined. TOPOGRAPHY AND HybDROGRAPHY. The harbor of Monterey facing north and receiving a constant but greatly moderated ocean swell, broken by the promontory of Point Pinos, has no large influx of fresh water nearer than the Salinas river, 17 miles northward. The rock forming the shore west of the town is granite for three and a half miles, and by disintegration has made a beach of clear white sand, extending nearly around the bay, a distance of 70 miles. For about half this distance sand hills border the shores, succeeded by cliffs of soft post-pliocene sandstone, which border the north end of the bay at Santa Cruz, 25 miles directly north of Monterey. This sandstone also overlies the granite from near low-water to eight fathoms depth, a mile northeast of town, forming a rocky bottom for some distance off shore, and prevails throughout a large part of the north end of the bay. Monterey has thus the conditions for preserving that salt- ness and clearness of the water necessary for most marine shells, together with a variety of stations suited for various species, hard, immovable granite, soft sandstone for borers, sand, and at 30 fms., mud. The estuaries, so numerous along the coast, especially northward, are all more or less influential in diminishing the number of species elsewhere, and even at OF CONCHOLOGY. 43 Santa Cruz, where but a small river is discharged, the number known is less than half that of Monterey. Carmel Bay lies four miles south of Monterey Bay, and is an exact miniature of the latter, having like it sandstone bluffs at its north end, granite at the south, with a little harbor there, and a small river discharging into it near the middle. I found no sandstone bottom, but the rocks at the north end are per- forated by borers, and contain cavities into which the winter storms wash numerous shells not easily obtained elsewhere, and much more productive than at Santa Cruz. The storms, coming from the southward, are scarcely felt at Monterey, but the eddy produced by the waves being broken at Pt. Pinos, causes numerous shells to wash ashore between there and the town, three and a half miles eastward, so that this por- tion of the beach is the most productive of any in such speci- mens. F Numerous whales are cut up annually alang here, and proba- bly attract some carnivorous species near shore. A camp of Chinese fishermen, usually living there, increases the number by throwing the entrails of their fish on the shore, from which many deep water species are washed out. Others are found in the pieces of sandstone floated ashore on the eastern beach, at- tached to the roots of the long kelp (Macrocystis) which grows attached to rocks in 5 to 20 fms. Many shells have been picked up even by the earlier collect- ors, at Monterey, that were evidently imported, either in ballast or for making shell-work, and though not always easily elimi- nated from the native list, may be considered at least doubtful where not found living or by several collectors. The same ac- cidental mixture is well known to occur elsewhere in all locali- ties. History oF Previous CoLuections AT MONTEREY. From the researches of Dr. P. P. Carpenter into the history of our mollusca, as given in his admirable reports to the Brit. Assoc. for Adv. of Science, 1856 and 1863, it appears that some of the most characteristic shells of Monterey had reached Euro- pean cabinets forty to fifty years ago, probably through the trade in hides, etc., then carried on with this coast. It is not unlikely, also, that La Perouse, about 1787, and Vancouver, in 1795, visiting Monterey in their explorations, and accom- panied by naturalists, may have obtained some of the species described by early conchologists. The following are most likely to have been first obtained at this place, on account of their abundance and beauty : 44 AMERICAN JOURNAL Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach, Zool. Misc., 1814, and var. Cali- forniensis, Sby. Hf. rufescens, Sby. Bligh Cat., 1822. Lucapina crenulata, Shy. Tank. Catal., 1824. Olivella biplicata, Shy. Tank. Catal., 1825. Trivia Californiana, Sby. Zool. Journal, 1827. Humboldt and Bonpland, though coming no nearer than Acapulco, obtained there in 1804 one species that seems exclu- sively Californian, probably through some northern coaster, viz., Halotis Californiana, Val., 1833 (non Sby.) = H. rufescens, Sby. It does not seem that Capt. Beechey’s exploration, in 1825- 28, obtained anything at Monterey, though many species com- mon there were collected by him elsewhere. The first authentic collections made there were those of the late Prof. Nuttall, in 1835, who discovered 70 of the more com- mon land and sea beach shells of California, of which only nine were from Monterey, with some before described. About 1838 the ‘“ Venus”’ with Ad. Du Petit Thouars visited Monterey, and obtained two or three new species, besides several of Nuttall’s, which were redescribed by Deshayes and Valen- ciennes as new. The surveying ship * Sulphur,” Capt. Belcher, with the emi- nent conchologist Hinds, passed along in 1838-42, but obtained nothing new here, though discovering 21 species elsewhere in Cali- fornia. Reeve, in Conch. Icon., quotes ‘ Fissurella Lineolni, Gray,” (Glyphis aspera, Esch), ‘‘ Monterey, Belcher.” Another British surveying ship, the ‘“ Pandora,” Capt. Kel- lett, followed much the same route in 1849, without obtaining anything new here. The same year Col. E. Jewett collected 45 new species in California, and spent a week at Monterey, obtaining there two new ones. Lieut. Green, U. 8S. N., and Maj. Rich, U.S. A., also visited there, the latter obtaining two out of his three new Californian species at this place, and seven imported species. Mr. A. 8. Taylor sent four new species from Monterey to the Smithsonian Inst. previous to 1860. The botanist Hartweg visited the place about 1855, and ob- tained one new species of Chiton. It thus appears from Carpenter’s reports that only 22 species, out of 66 known from Monterey in 1860, were discovered there by six collectors. At that time 277 species were known as Californian, and it is very likely that others, of which the locality was uncertain or wrongly given, came from Monterey. ‘his error of locality is OF CONCHOLOGY. 45 proved by Nuttall having given “San Diego” for Arionta Cali- Jorniensis, Lea, and is very probable in the cases of several, both of his and Jewett’s species, not found at the localities stated by later collectors. COLLECTIONS MADE IN 1861. I visited Monterey from Aug. 12th to Sept. 25th, the worst season of the year for beach collecting, as the perfect specimens washed up by the storms of the previous winter had been nearly all picked up by summer visitors, and the tides did not fall enough to obtain the rare ones living near extreme low water. I therefore paid attention chiefly to dredging, though poorly fitted out for it, having only a little boat 15 ft. long, scarcely large enough for myself and two rowers to work in, and too small to go far out in, or to work in after the sea breeze began to be strong. We therefore had to work chiefly from 11 till 2 o'clock, and on many days could do little except along shore. The following extracts from my notes will serve to show the general conditions under which the collections were made. I wnust state, that having to attend to all branches of zoology, I did not devote so much time to mollusea as I might otherwise have done, yet collected more species in that branch than in all others together, the whole number of species of animals obtained being about 360, of which 197 were mollusca, excluding varieties. In Carpenter’s report for 1865 only 90 are given as collected by me at Monterey, being those of which» I sent him duplicates from there, though I might have sent many more had I known that he intended making local lists. Having more or better specimens of most of them from other points I did not think necessary to send from each one, and reserved all unique specimens from every locality. A larger series from each one was lost while going to him in the ‘Golden Gate.” Besides, there seem to be several locality errors in his table of my speci- mens, such being liable to occur in spite of every precaution. Carmel Bay, Aug. 15th, 1861. I visited this bay first, be- cause it had seemed to Prof. Whitney better suited for collecting at than Monterey. Its advantages are a very smooth surface in summer towards the north end, sandstone rocks and small ex- tent. -Visited some rocky islets a quarter mile off shore, where I found eleven of the common littoral species living, and five others inhabited by crabs. Have to wait a week for my dredge rope, accidently left at San Francisco. Aug. 14th. Found two more living and nine dead species along shore. Can find only a rope twenty feet long to dredge with and a little skiff only fit for smooth water, but with these obtained two more living species. 46 AMERICAN JOURNAL During the following week I collected only beach specimens, usually so poor that I made no note of them, expecting better either from dredging or lower tides. I found scarcely any with- in the length of my twenty feet rope, the waves drifting the sand too much for most living shells at that depth. The holes in the sandstone furnished most of the twenty-one additional species obtained during that time. Nearly two days were occupied in going to Monterey to en- gage a better boat and two oarsmen, who rowed it round the promontory with my coil of rope, ete. Aug. 20th. Dredged for four hours across mouth of bay, mak- ing seven casts in twenty to twenty-five fathoms on a sandy and shelly bottom. Added fifteen species, mostly alive or in good con- dition, of which Dentalium Indianorwm and Thalotia caffea have never been found on shore, most of others rarely or imperfect. Aug. 21st. Carried the dredging out to thirty fathoms along the outer limits of the bay, adding six species. Very few living or dead found in the pure sand near middle of bay. Aug. 22d. Off the mouth of Carmel creek I added two species, two more on kelp, and a muddy bottom in thirty fathoms at south end furnished six, of which Semele incongrua has not been found on shore ; Janira dentata and Chione simillima (young, living), only southwards, Cylichna cylindracea only northward. In the north end of bay I found twenty-five more species at twenty tu thirty fathoms sand, Ceecwm crebricinctum and Fenella pupoidea not found on beach. * Monterey, Aug. 26th. Moved here to try collecting in a new field. To-day examined the clay-stones washed ashore on roots of kelp, finding nine species of boring or nestling bivalves, be- sides a Crepidula. Many are found one within another, having successively inhabited the burrow of the original excavator. Aug. 27th. Venturing out as far as was safe we cast in forty fathoms, one and a quarter miles N. E. of Pt. Pinos, drawing up the bag half full of mud with but three species, of which, however, Yoldia amygdala ani Acila castrensis are not be found on shore. In thirty fathoms shelly sand obtained many fragments, but only two additions, Leda celata, a deep water species only, besides twenty or more before obtained. A third cast, in twenty fathoms muddy sand, gave eight additions, and I made two or three others Jandwards to ten fathoms, the last furnishing the beautiful Can- cellaria Coopert, of which I found only one more broken speci- men at San Diego, though Dr. Canfield has since found one on the beach at Monterey. ; Aug. 28th. Visited Cypress Point, south of Pt. Pinos, where I found Arionta Californiensis, var. vincta and Lysinoe Dupetithou- OF CONCHOLOGY. 47 arsi in the grove ; but the surf is so heavy on the beach that only the thick Lucina Californica withstands it unbroken. Aug. 29th. Made about twelve casts in from seven to twenty fathoms west of town, and obtained only five additions, though with many living or better specimens of others before collected. Aug. 30th to Sept. 5th. The tides running lowest this week I collected chiefly along shore, finding thirty-three additional spe- cies, chiefly dead. ’ Sept. 6th. To try anew ground I sailed three miles N. N.W. of town toward middle of bay, finding a depth of thirty-five to forty fathoms muddy sand, but obtained only the Cacwm, a young living Machera patula and four other species found at low water. Sept. 9th. Made five casts in three to ten fathoms near town, adding only two to the list. Sept. 10th. Tried again in from five to twenty fathoms, add- ing three species. Considered the chance of finding more in that direction too small to pay expenses. Sept. llth. Dredged along the east or weather beach, though my boatman thought it dangerous on account of the heavy surf. Found the sandstone reef a mile N. E. of town from which the beach fragments are broken off, and in two out of six casts in seven to eight fathoms, obtained pieces of rock with five ad- ditional species living on them, and,eight others living, before found dead. Sept. 12th. Packed up everything, intending to take the steamer, which was daily expected, for a more southern locality. It passed Monterey however without stopping, and I was obliged to wait for its next trip down the coast. During the following week I collected only on shore, adding fifteen species. Sept. 20th. With a hand-net I dredged up three large speci- mens, living, of Lunatia Lewisii, which I could see crawling on the sand in about twelve feet of water. Also over one hundred of Olivella biplicata, which burrows in the sand in colonies about ex- treme low water. Sept. 21st. Dredged in ten to twenty fathoms off Quarry Point, and near the Whalers’ tryworks, without finding anything new. Sept. 23d. Found four more species in the cavities made by borers in the clay-rock, making in all nine borers and five nestlers. Sept. 24th. Dredged in afternoon for two miles on sandstone reef, visited on 11th, making seven casts, but only an occasional fragment could be broken off, from which I obtained about twenty species, mostly living and good, but none new. Tried again in thirty-five fathoms a mile N. E. of Quarry Point, getting nothing. Sept. 25th. Searched beach for the last time as far as Point 48 AMERICAN JOURNAL Pinos, finding three additions. At the point the light-house keeper showed me Lucapina crenulata, saying that it was only found alive at spring tides. SUMMARY AND ADDITIONS. The whole number obtained thus consisted of one hundred and twenty-six first found on shore, and eighty first obtained by dredging, (including nine which are scarcely more than varieties of others). I also obtained twenty of the dredged species after- wards on shore, and all but twelve of them have since been found above tides by myself or others, usually, however, dead and im- perfect. Many, on the other hand, which I dredged only dead, have since been found by Dall, Stearns, Newcomb and Canfield living among the granite rocks at extreme spring tides, low water, in midsummer or winter. Harford has found others by wading in below tides, and carrying large stones ashore with the animals adhering to them. In such places dredging is impossible. These gentlemen have also added largely to the list of Monterey shells, which now number about 316 species. Had I wished merely to make a local list when collecting there, | might have increased it much by preserving many species which I found only in a fragmentary state, and thought not worth preserving, as I knew they could be obtained better elsewhere. I can even now recall to memory many such observed on the beach, but do not include them. : Although imperfect as a local list, the number is remarkable compared with what I found at Santa Cruz during a year’s resi- dence some years later, when I visited the beach often and during almost every monthly low tide. I got there thirty-eight marine Acephala, seventy-nine Gasteropoda, ten terrestrial, two fresh water Acephala, five Gasteropoda, total 134 only. And small as the number is, it includes fifty species not in my Monterey list, (which, however, are mostly found there,) and I have therefore given them with the former locality, as it is situ- ated on the same bay only twenty-five miles north of Monterey. In the ‘ Geographical Catalogue’ I included the additions made previous to 1867 by the gentlemen above mentioned, and in my manuscript report have tabulated their contributions more fully. Since that date, however, twenty or more new species have been discovered or determined by them and Carpenter, which are not yet published. It would be therefore improper for me even to give their manuscript names, as they will doubt- less be all published in due time. Six are Chitonidee, three Patelloid, the rest mostly minute. OF CONCHOLOGY. 49 The whole number given by McAndrew in Brit. Assoc. Report for 1856, as found by him at “south of Spain and Mediterranean Sea,”’ was only 425, which, considering the great extent of the latter sea, reaching south to lat. 32°, makes it probable that the species near Cadiz, though so much longer investigated, do not number more than are known at Monterey. About 600 species are known in all California between lat. 32° and 42°, including land and fresh water, (which are not re- presented at Monterey by more than ten species.) As may be supposed, from the peculiar conditions combined at Monterey, many species rare there are numerous in other localities, and in- deed many are only found there dead, having been washed away from the places where they lived. In the following list I have given the results of my collecting at Monterey and Santa Cruz, marking only those species with an * that were first obtained by me, though many others were un- described at the time I collected them, and some of these were even received by Carpenter later than mine, from the naturalists. of the N. W. Boundary Survey. Still, as they were collecting for some years before | commenced, they are entitled to priority of discovery even in doubtful cases. The name of discoverer at Monterey is given when known. Several of the Santa Cruz additions were discovered first by me at other places and are marked with a}. Many others, which I discovered at more southern localities, have since been found at Monterey, but I do not include them here. I include 7 southern species dredged in Carmel Bay, but not yet discovered north of Point Pinos. The collection was made for the State Geological Survey of California, under direction of Prof. J. D. Whitney. The remarks given are usually the result of observations made since 1861. CATALOGUE OF COLLECTIONS. The original number is given first; then the Geographical Catalogue number. 349 3 Terebratula unguiculus, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego, near |. w. to 20 fms. 12 dead, 20 fms., shell sand. Lives just below tides. 401 6 Waldheimia Grayi, Dav. New Year Point to Catalina I.—Japan. 2 dead, 20 fms., shell sand. Santa Cruz, bch., valves, rare. 927 12 Xylotrya setacea, Tryon. S. F. Bay (to San Pedro”). Santa Cruz, common. In timber submerged. + S =] [or 485 480 AMERICAN JOURNAL 13 Zirphea crispata, Linn. Str. Fuca to San Diego—N. Atlantic. Valves, common on beach. Syn.? Z. Gabbii, Tryon. 14 Pholadidea penita, Conr. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara, |. w. Many in clay rock. Sta. Cruz, between tides. 15 Pholadidea ovoidea, Gld. Baulines Bay to San Diego; rare. Rare in clay rock. Smithsonian collectors disc. 16 Netastomella Darwinii, Sby. Str. Fuca to San Diego—S. America. One in clay rock, one living, 8 fms. 17 Martesia intercalata, Cpr. ¢ Farallone Is. to Mazatlan—(in Haliotis.) Santa Cruz, rare. Syn. ? Navea Newcombu, Tryon. 18 Parapholas Californica, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. : One in clay stone, beach. Sta. Cruz, below tides. 19 Saxicava pholadis, Linn. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara—Universal ? Ten in clay stone, bch. Jewett & Smithsonian coll. 22 Platyodon cancellatus, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. Sta. Cruz, common living, l. w. Between tides. 23 Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Valves, bch. to 20 fms. Lives in brackish bays. 24 Schizotherus Nuttall, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka—Japan. Valves, one dead, 30 fms. Lives in brackish bays. Smithsonian coll. 29 Clidiophora punctata, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego, |. w. to 30 fms. 3 living, 30 fms. mud. Sta. Cruz, valves. 33 Thracia curta, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Valves, rare, bch. (dredged?) Lives below tides. 35 Lyonsia Californica, Conv. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. Valves, rare, bch. Lives below tides. 36 Lyonsia nitida, Gd. 8. F. Bay to San Diego. (Young ?) 15 living, 5—20 fms. Perhaps = 388, OF CONCHOLOGY. 5] 907 37 Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Not rare, dead, Sta. Cruz. Lives below tides. 485 39 Mytilimeria Nuttalli, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 1 on beh., dead. Lives below tides. 461 41 Nolen siearius, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Pedro—Japan. 2 dead, 10—20 fms. muddy sand. Lives in brackish bays. 008 45 Machera patula, Dixon. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Kamtschatka, Japan. 2 young, living, 85 fms. mud. Lives at extreme |. w. 598 47 Psammobia rubroradiata, Cony. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Valves rare, bch. to 10 fms. Lives below tides. 331 48 Macoma secta, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego—Japan ? Valves common, bch. Smithsonian coll. *324 50 Macoma indentata, Cpr. Monterey ; (to San Diego 2) Valves rare, beach. $985 51 Macoma yoldiformis, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. Valves rare, Santa Cruz. 365 52 Macoma nasuta, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Kamtschatka. Valves, bch. to 20 fms. Lives in brackish bays. 365a 53 Macoma inquinata, Desh. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Estuaries. One dead, 5 fms. Lives in brackish bays. 377 =58 Mera obtusa, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. (= modesta, var. ?) 6 living, 7—40 fms. muddy sand. 850 59 Mera variegata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Catalina I. Bch. to 120 fms. 1 living, 25 fms. sand, 5 valves, 20—35 fms. 399 61 Mera salmonea, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Bch. to 20 fms. 7 living, 20 fms., 24 valves 20—35 fms. Lives just below tides. 408 62 Tellina Bodegensis, Hds. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Japan. Valves common, bch., one young living, 20 fms. sand. Lives near extreme l. w. : ae AMERICAN JOURNAL 1168 70 Semele Str. Fuca to Monterey. Two valves dredged. White var. Valves, rare at mouth of Saquel Creek, Santa Cruz. *407 73 Semele incongrua, Cpr. Carmel Bay to Catalina I., 16—40 fms. rare. 5 living, many valves, 20—30 fms. muddy sand, Car- mel only (= rubrolineata, Conr. var. ‘) 527 15 Cumingia Californica, Conr. Monterey to San Diego—Mazatlan. 4 in clay stones, bch., 2 liv., 7 fms. rock. Sta. Cruz, rare. 606 81 Standella Californica, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. Sta. Cruz, com. on bch. dead. Lives just below tides. 469 84 Standella falcata, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Kodiak. 4 valves, 10 fms. Lives bel. tides towards Salinas R. 295 88 Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. (Str. Fuca ?) Sta. Cruz, common. Smiths. coll,, from Salinas beh. ? 367 89 Psephis tantilla, Gld. Str. Fuca to Catalina I., 1. w. to 25 fms. Lliving, 8 fms., 2 in25 fms. sand. Sta. Cruz, valves, bch. 3875 90 Psephis Lordi, Baird. Str. Fuca to San Diego; (southern variety.) 5 living, 80 fms. mud, *1058 95 Lioconcha Newcombiana, Gabb. Monterey to Catalina I.—rare. 3 young, 30 fms. mud, living. Colorless specimens. 5387 98 Chione simillima, Sby. Carmel Bay to San Diego. 4 young, living, 80 fms. mud. Carmel Bay only. 731 100 Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—not ‘ Panama.” One valve, 20 fms. Lives below tides, Santa Cruz. 642 101 Tapes laciniata, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego— (= staminea, var. ?) 3 young living, 20 fms. Maj. Rich, U.S. A., dise. 436 102 Tapes staminea, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Margarita Bay. Many living, l. w. sand. Chiefly in brackish bays. 436a 103 Tapes staminea, var. Petit, Desh. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Kamtschatka. Many living, l. w. sand. In fresher water. Smiths. coll. OF CONCHOLOGY. 53 436b 104 Tapes staminea, var. ruderata, Desh. Str. Fuca to Santa Cruz—Ounalaska. Many dead, in clay rock. A rough stunted var. 436¢ 105 Tapes staminea, var. diversa, Sby. Baulines Bay to San Diego. Many living, 1. w. muddy sand. Colored by mud when rowing ? 436d 106 Tapes staminea, var. tumida, Sby. In cavities of rocks. Rare in clay rock, bch. Take the form of the cavity they grow in. 436e 107 Tapes staminea, var. orbella (Cpr. ?) In cavities of rocks. Rare in clay rock, bch. Grow in burrows of No. 142. 499 108 Saxidomus gracilis, Gld. Baulines Bay to San Diego—(= aratus, Gld. ?) 1 young, dredged dead. 499a 109 Sazxidomus Nuttalli, Conr. S. F. Bay to San Diego—Sitka ? Japan? Valves, bch. to 20 fms. A brackish water var. of gra- ceils, Gld. ? 434 112 Rupellaria lamellifera, Conr. Farallone Is. to San Diego. Many in clay rock, bch., 20 young, 10—20 fms., dead. Jewett coll. 438 113 Petricola carditoides, Conv. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many in clay-rock, bch., 5 in 8 fms., liv’'g. Jewett coll. 460 114 Chama exogyra, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego—Mexico. Valves, bch. to 10 fms. (—reversed pellucida ?) 460a 115 Chama pellucida, Sby. Farallone Is. to San Diego—S. America. Valves, bch. to 10 fms. Smithsonian coll. 387 117 Cardium corbis, Martyn. Str. Fuca to S. Barbara—Sitka, Kamtschatka. Valves, beh. to 10 fms. Lives chiefly in brackish bays. 639 118 Cardium quadragenarium, Conr. Monterey to San Diego. One valve, 20 fms. Carmel Bay? 368 119 Cardium blandum, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Sitka; Asia. Many valves, 10—20 fms, some fresh. 5A AMERICAN JOURNAL *381 120 Cardiwm centifilosum, Cpr. Carmel Bay to Catalina I. 20—40 fms. One living, 15 fms. mud. Carmel only. 409 129 Miodon prolongatus, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. One living, 20 fms. Carmel Bay. 403 132 Lazaria subquadrata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. One living, 20 fms., many valves, bch. Lives near ex- treme |. w., rocks. 490 135 Lucina Californica, Conr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Many valves, bch. Lives near extreme 1. w., rocks. 435 142 Diplodonta orbella, Gld. Str. Fuca to 8. Diego—in holes of rocks. 4 in clay-rock, bch. 437a 144 Kellia Laperousit, var. Chironit, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 10 in clay-rock, bch., 1 living, 8 fms. — 145 Kellia rotundata, Cpr. ; Monterey ; (= Laperousit, var., or 146 7) Taylor dise. A3Tb 146 Kellia suborbicularis, Mont. ? Str. Fuca to San Diego—Mex.—Pan.—Europe. 2 in clay-rock, bch. = KK. Laperousii, var. ? 827 162 Pisidium occidentale, Newe. 1 Truckee R., to Santa Cruz, Cal. Santa Cruz, in Soquel Creek only. 922 165 Margaritana falcata, Gld. S. Cruz, California, north—Nevada; Montana. Santa Cruz, in San Lorenzo Creek. 489 172 Mytilus Californianus, Conr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Q. Charlotte’s I. Common living, l. w. Nuttall disc. 875 173 Mytilus edulis. Linn. Monterey, north—Japan ; N. Atlantic. Sta. Cruz, near river. Chiefly in brackish bays. 576 175 Septifer bifurcatus, Rve. Farallone Is. to 8. Diego. (Not Myt. bifure., Conr.) Not rare living, Santa Cruz. 815 177 Modiola modiolus, Linn. Monterey, north—Asia; N. Atlantic. Valves, common on bch., many young living, 10 fms. * Jewett coll. OF CONCHOLOGY. 440 178 Modiola fornicata, Cpr. Monterey to San Pedro. Valves not rare on bch.. Taylor disc. 400 179 Modiola recta, Conr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Valves rare on beh., 2 young living, 20 fms. Sta. Cruz, valves rare. 459 181 Adula falcata, Gld. San Francisco to San Diego—New Zealand ? 10 in clay-rock, beh. S. Cruz, living l.w. Rich, dise. *1157 182 Adula stylina, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 4 in clay-rock, beh. Smithsonian coll. 301 189 Azinea intermedia, Brod. ? Monterey to San Diego—South America. 22 living, 20 fms. Southern var. of 191? 1158 191 Azinea subobsoleta, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Sta. Cruz (= septentrionalis var. *) Santa Cruz, 1 valve. 450 193 Acila castrensis, Hinds. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. 2 dead, 20—40 fms., muddy sand. ‘1 in sand 7 fms., Sitka.”’ (Hinds.) 471 194 Leda celata, Hinds. Bodega Bay to San Diego; 6—20 fms. 9 living, 20 fms. sand. ‘6—10 fms. Bodega.”’ (Hds.) 471a 195 Leda cuneata, Sby. ? Monterey to San Diego—Peru. 4 living, 7 fms. sand. Var. of last ? 449 200 Yoldia amygdala, Val. Str. Fuca—Monterey. 1 living, 40 fms. mud. *1189 201 Yoldia Cooperi, Gabb. Santa Cruz to San Pedro—Beach, valves. 1 young valve, 8 fms. = Y. impressa, Conr., foss. ? 348 204 Lima dehiscens, Conr. Monterey to 8. Diego—(= orientalis, Ad. ? China.) 6 valves, 20 fms. Lives below tides. 366 206 Pecten hastatus, Sby. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara—Sitka ; Aliaska. Many valves, to 30 fms. Lives below ties. 366a 207 Pecten hastatus, var. Hindsii, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Santa Cruz—Sitka. Santa Cruz, common. Valves on beh. cn | o1 56 AMERICAN JOURNAL 376 210 Pecten latiauritus, Cony. Monterey to San Diego. Two young living, 30 fms. 410 213 Janira dentata, Sby. Carmel Bay to San Diego—Gulf California. 1 flat valve, 20 fms. Carmel only. 863 214 Hinnites giganteus, Gray. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Many valves, bch. to 30 fms. Smithsonian coll. 448 215 Ostrea lurida, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 6 valves, dredged. Lives in brackish bays. Nuttall coll. 456 220 Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Japan. Valves, bch. to 20 fms. Sta. Cruz, rare, living, 1. w. — 221 Anomia lampe, Gray. ‘Monterey, 60 fms.” San Pedro to Mexico. Maj. Rich coll. ? brought up on anchor ? 627 228 Haminea vesicula, Gld. Santa Cruz to San Diego—Cape St. Lucas. Santa Cruz, living in Soquel Creek estuary. 589 2381 Tornatella punctocelata, Cpr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Santa Cruz, dead, bch. San Pedro, 6 fms., living. 307 232 Tornatina culcitella, Gld. Monterey to San Diego. 1 living 10 fms., 1 dead 20 fms. San Diego, 1. w., living. 367a 233 Tornatina cerealis, Gld. Monterey to San Diego (= culcitella, var. ?) 1 dead 5 fms., 1 dead 35 fms. Sta. Cruz, beh., dead. 379 236 Cylichna cylindracea, Linn. Monterey to San Diego—Europe. 1 living, 3 dead, 50 fms. mud. *405 — Tornatina harpa, Dall, MS. 1 dead, 20 fms. *1000 246 Doris albopunctata, Cp. Baulines Bay to Catalina I. Santa Cruz, rare’on stones, extreme I. w. *516 248 Doris Montereyensis, Cp. San Francisco Bay to Barbara I. 2 living, 7 fms. rock. Stones, extreme 1. w. *1002 249 Triopa Cataline, Cp. Baulines Bay to Catalina I. Santa Cruz, rare on stones, extreme I. w. OF CONCHOLOGY. *675 253 Phidiana itodinea, Cp. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Santa Cruz, rare on alge, extreme I. w. 510 256 Ariolimax Columbianus, Gld. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. Not rare, in woods, in damp places. 837 264 Sueccinea Oregonensis, Lea. Oregon to Monterey, Cal. Santa Cruz, common, in damp places. 899 271 Maerocyclis Vancowerensis, Lea. Santa Cruz, Cal. north; Idaho. Santa Cruz, common. 939 276 Pseudohyalina milium, Morse ? Monterey to Nevada Co., Cal.—Maine. Santa Cruz, rare in decayed stumps. $1196 291 Helix sequoicola, Cp. Santa Cruz Co., Cal. Santa Cruz. In or near Sequoia forest, rare. 492 294 Helix Dupetithouarsi, Desh. Monterey, Cal. (Point Cypress.) 83, in or near Cypress Grove. ‘“* Voy. Venus,’’ disc. 909 806 Helix Californiensis, Lea. Monterey, Cal. Var. vincta, Val. Young found in woods. Nuttall disc.? rare. 1166 307 Helix nemorivaga, Val. San Francisco to Monterey. Santa Cruz, common. A variety of next. 912 308 Helix Nickliniana, Lea. Santa Cruz to Mendocino Co., Cal. Santa Cruz, rare. 858 3810 Hehzx arrosa, Gld. Santa Cruz to Mendocino Co., Cal. Santa Cruz, common, in oak groves, ete. 920 311 Helix exarata, Pfeiff. S. F. Bay to Santa Cruz Co., Cal. Santa Cruz, common. In poplar, willow, ete. 901 318 Aplodon Columbianus, Lea. Wash. Territory to Santa Cruz, Cal.; Sitka. Santa Cruz, common in damp woods and fields. 1199 319 Aplodon germanus, Gld. “‘Oregon.’’ Probably = Columb. var. Santa Cruz, more rare. Damp woods and fields. 58 AMERICAN JOURNAL 1214 341 Limnophysa ferruginea, Hald. “Oregon.” (= humilis, Say ?) Santa Cruz, common in streams. 840 364 Physa Gabbii, Tryon. Mountain Lake, 8. F. Co., to Los Angeles. Santa Cruz, common in San Lorenzo R. 1234 378 Planorbis tumens, Cpr. Petaluma, Cal., to Mazatlan. Santa Cruz, in San Lorenzo R. 854 381 Gyraulus vermicularis, Gld. Walla Walla, W. T., to Santa Cruz, Cal. Santa Cruz, in San Lorenzo R. 1197 395 Ancylus fragilis, Tryon. San Francisco to Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, in San Lorenzo R. 346 402 Dentalium Indianorum, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. 12 living, many dead, 20—30 fms. Probably = pretio- sum, Nutt. 830 406 Cryptochiton Stelleri, Midd. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Kamschatka. Santa Cruz, l. w., common. Smithsonian coll. 517 408 Tonicta lineata, Wood. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Sitka; Kamtschatka. Valves, bch., 1 living, 7 fms. rock. Smithsonian coll. 310 410 Mopalia muscosa, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Many living, 1. w. Nuttall and Smithsonian coll. 411 Mopalia Wossnessenskit, Midd. ? Str. Fuca to Santa Cruz—Sitka. Santa ‘Cruz, |. w. 1412 412 Mopalia Kennerleyi, Cpr. Str. Fuca, W. T., to Monterey. Valves, on beh. 1367 414 Mopalia Hindsit, Gray. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Santa Cruz, 1. w. 1368 416 Mopalia vespertina, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey, Cal. Santa Cruz, common. Probably = next. 1568a 417 Mopalia lignosa, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Sitka. Valves, bch. Hartweg coll. OF CONCHOLOGY. — 418 Mopalia acuta, Cpr. “* Monterey ” oe coll.) Nuttall, dise. 1087 421 csnieaetuard scabra, Rve. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. Nine living, 1. w. Nuttall, dise. — 4238 Ischnochiton Magdalensis, Has. Monterey to San Diego—Lower Cal. Smithsonian coll. *1073 427 Lepidopleurus pectinatus, Cpr. Santa Cruz to Catalina I. Santa Cruz, common. Extreme |. w. 518 428 Lepidopleurus Mertensii, Midd. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 2 living, 7—20 fms., rock. Smithsonian coll. 329 430 Trachydermon interstinctus, Gld. Puget’s Sound to Monterey. 2 living, |. w. ? — 435 Trachydermon Hartwegit, Cpr. San Francisco to Monterey. Hartweg disc. 325 4386 Trachydermon Nuttallii, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 1 living, 20 ft., rock. Nuttall dise. — 487 Trachydermon flectens, Cpr. ‘ Str. Fuca to San Diego. Smithsonian coll. Chitonid indet. Not rare, living, |. w. 857 441 Nacella instabilis, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Rare, dead on bch. Sta. Cruz, bch., dead, lives on algze ? 416 442 Nacella insessa, Has. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 16 dead, bch. Lives imbedded in alge, 1. w. 1237 445 Nacella paleacea, Gld. Santa Cruz to Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz, living, common, on narrow grass, |. w. *344 446 Nacella triangularis, Cpr. Baulines Bay to Monterey. 4 dead, 20—30 fms. Probably lives on alge. 60 AMERICAN JOURNAL 308 448 Acmwa patina, Esch. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Mazatlan—Sitka. Many living, 1. w. Smithsonian coll. 309 449 Acmea pelta, Esch. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many living, 1. w. Smithsonian coll. 3094 450 Acmea pelta, var. Asmi, Midd. Baulines Bay to Monterey—Sitka ? 6 dead, 1. w. Parasitic on living shells. 306 451 Acmea persona, Esch. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Mazatlan—sitka. Many living, 1. w. 307 452 Acmea acabrd, Nutt. Baulines Bay to San Die Mazatlan Many living, 1. w. Common in brackish bays. 305 453 Acmea spectrum, Nutt. Cape Mendocino to San Diego. Many living, 1. w. 472 455 Acmea rosacea, Cpr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. , 4 dead, dredged. ‘A good species.”” Cpr. MS. 328 456 Lottia gigantea, Gray (Sby. %). Farallone Is. to San Diego 8 Ae Many living, 1. w. Smithsonian coll. 380 457 Scurria mitra, Esch. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many dead, |. w. Lives at extreme]. tide. Nuttall coll. 330a 458 Scurria mitra, var. funiculata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey; deep water. 6 dead, 20 fms. Near Pt. Pinos. *826 460 Rowellia radiata, Cp. Farallone Is. to Catalina I. Rare, bch., 1 dead. Santa Cruz, living, 1. w. 338 461 Fssurella volcano, Rve. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Many dead, bch. to 20 fms. Nuttall disc. ? 332 463 Glyphis aspera, Esch. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many dead, bch. to 20 fms. Lives near 1. w. 514 464 Glyphis densiclathrata, Rve. Baulines Bay to San Diego. Many dead, 1 living, 7 fms. Animal differs from that of 332. OF CONCHOLOGY. 61 714 465 Lucapina erenulata, Sby. Monterey to San Diego. 1 young dredged dead, } inch long. Lives near I. w. 392 466 Puncturella cucullata, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 1 beh., 5 dead, 20 fms. *415 470 Clypidella bimaculata, Dall (MS.) Farallone Is. to Barbara I. 3 dead, 10—20 fms. Lives near |. w. *466 471 Emarginula bella, Gabb. Santa Cruz to Monterey. 3 dead, 10—20 fms. Near Pt. Pinos. 301 472 Haliotis Cracherodit, Leach. Farallone Is. to San Diego—Lower Cal. Many living, |. w. 333 475 Haliotis rufescens, Sw. Farallone Is. to San Nicolas I.—Galapagos ? 10 dead, beh. to 10 fms. Less numerous. 497 476 Halhotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Japan. 1dead, beh. Rare. 303 478 Phasianella pulloides, Cpr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. 20 dead, 20 fms. Santa Cruz, rare, living, 1. w. — 479 Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Santa Barbara to Cape St. Lucas—Monterey ? Nuttall, coll. ? 364 480 Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. Str. Fuca to Catalina I.—New Zealand ? Many dead at Pt. Pinos, 2 living, 2—7 fms., rock. Smithsonian coll. 315 481 Leptothyra sanguinea, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Japan—Europe ? Many dead, bch., 3 living, 2—7 fms., rock. Jewett and Smithsonian coll. *315a 483 Leptothyra paucicostata, Dall (MS.) Monterey. 4 dead, dredged ? *519 485 Liotia acuticostata, Cpr. Monterey to Catalina I. 4 dredged, dead. — 489 Trochiscus Norrisii, Sby. Santa Barbara to San Diego—Monterey ? Nuttall coll. ? 62 AMERICAN JOURNAL — 490 Trochiscus convexus, Cpr. ‘“¢ Monterey ”’ (Jewett). Jewett disc. ? = 489? 302 491 Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many living, |. w., on kelp. Nuttall coll. 302a 492 Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, Cpr. Neeah Bay, W. T., to Monterey. Rare living, 1. w., on kelp. 316 495 Chlorostoma brunneum, Phil. Cape Mendocino to Santa Barbara. Many living, |. w., on kelp. Smithsonian coll. 385 496 Chlorostoma Pferffert, Phil. Baulines Bay to Nicolas I., Cal. 10 dead, beh. Jewett coll. 311 499 Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart. Str. Fuca to San Diego, Cal. 12 dead, beh. Sta. Cruz. Nuttall and Smithsonian coll. 312 500 Calliostoma costatum, Mart. Str. Fuca to Barbara I., Cal.—Sitka. Many dead, bch., 5 living, 7 fms. Santa Cruz. Nuttall and Smiths. coll. 523 501 Calliostoma annulatum, Mart. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 12 dead, bch., 5 living, 7 fms. Santa Cruz. Nuttall and Smithsonian coll. *602 503 Calliostoma tricolor, Gabb. — New Year Point to San Diego. Santa Cruz, 20 dead on Soquel bch. *476 504 Calliostoma supragranosum, Cpr. Santa Cruz to Monterey. 4 young, dredged dead. Santa Cruz, also. *530 506 Calliostoma splendens, Cp. Monterey to Sta. Barbara. 2 young, dredged dead. *356 507 Thalotia caffea, Gabb. Carmel Bay, 20 fms. 1 dredged 355 508 Phorcus pulligo, Mart. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. 2 dead, bch., 2 dead dredged. Lt. Green coll. 359 512 Gibbula succincta, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Barbara I., Cal. 2 dead, 20 fms. OF CONCHOLOGY,. 63 302 5616 Margarita pupilla, Gld. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 10, beh. to 20 fms., dead. 302a 517 Margarita pupilla, var. salmonea, Cpr. Monterey to Catalina I. 1 living, 20 dead, 20 fms. 304 518 Margarita acuticostata, Cpr. Baulines Bay to Santa Barbara. 1 living, 10 fms., 4 dead. 1240 520 Margarita lirulata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Baulines Bay. Santa Cruz, 1, bch. *388 546 Caecum crebricinctum, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. 10 living, 10 dead, 5 to 55 fms., sand. — 5053 Cerithidea Californica, Wald. Baulines Bay to San Diego—Mazatlan ? Nuttall coll. ? Salinas R.? (= saerata, Gd.) 422a 555 Bittium filosum, var. esuriens, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. Many dead, bch. 422b 556 Bittium attenwatum, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. 2 dead, beh. (= 5557) ‘Taylor disc. 387 507 Bittium quadrifilatum, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. Many dead, bch. Merging into 559. 387a 509 Bittium armillatum, Cpr. Farallone Is. to San Diego. 20 dead, bch. to 20 fms. 369 524 Galerus fastigiatus, Gld. Puget’s Sound to Monterey— Vancouver’s I. 1 living, 5 dead, 8—20 fms. Mistaken for contortus in Geog. Cat. — 626 Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. San Pedro south to Peru, South America. Nuttall coll. ? 1150 527 Crucibulum seutellatum, Gray. Santa Cruz, Cal.—Lower Cal. to Peru. Santa Cruz, 1 dead. Imported ? 412 530 Crepidula dorsata, var. ¢ lingulata, Gld. Str. Fuca to Mazatlan. 1 living, 8 fms. rock, 9 dead, to 20 fms. Santa Cruz, bch., common. 64 AMERICAN JOURNAL 413 532 Crepidula adunca, Sby. Str. Fuca to Sta. Barbara—Mexico ? Many dead on beh., to 20 fms. Sta. Cruz, bch., common: 420 534 Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Rare, dead on bch. to 20 fms. Sta. Cruz, living, |. w. Nuttall dise. 420b 536 Crepidula navicelloides, var. fimbriata, Rve. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. 4, clay rock on beh. In holes of borers. 420¢ 5387 Crepidula navicelloides, var. explanata, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. 8, clay rock on bch., 1 living, 8 fms., in holes of borers. Voy. “ Venus ’’ coll. 414 539 Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Monterey south ?—S. America. Atlantic. Many dead, bch. to 20 fms. Including serratus, Cpr. ¢ 475 541 Capulus tumens, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego and islands. Many dead, beh. to 20 fms. 3 317 572 Litorina planazis, Nutt. Mendocino to San Diego—Sitka ? Many living, bch. 318 574 Litorina scutulata, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Many living, bch. Smithsonian coll. 1156 578 Lacuna porrecta, Cpr. Neeah Bay, W. T,, to Monterey. Santa Cruz, rare living, ]. w., 10 dead. 1065 581 Lacuna solkdula, Loven. Ounalaska to San Diego—Norway. 2 dead, bch. Sta. Cruz, rare, dead. 1088 583 Lacuna variegata, Cpr. Neeah Bay, W. T., to Monterey. 3 dead, bch. Sta. Cruz, common, lL. w. *6§82 586 Isapis fenestrata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Ounalaska. Santa Cruz, rare, dead. *§82a 587 Isupis obtusa, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. Monterey ? dredged? Carpenter’s list, = 586 ? *723 588 Rissoina interfossa, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego—deep water. Rare, dead, dredged? Carpenter’s list. OF CONCHOLOGY. 65 *717 589 Rissoina purpurea, Cpr. Monterey? Santa Barbara to San Diego. 2 dredged? dead. Carpenter’s list, perhaps distinct. *430 592 Rissoa? Cooperi, Tryon. . Monterey. . From brackish spring. Carmel only. *443 595 Alvania filosa, Cpr. Monterey. ‘‘ From shell washings.’’ Carpenter’s list. *389 596 Fenella pupoidea, Cpr. Monterey, 20 fms., dead. Catalina I.” 45 dead, 20 fms. 890 619 Diala marmorea, Cpr. Monterey to San Pedro—Cape St. Lucas. 6 dead, 20 fms. Lives near |. w. *390a 620 Diala acuta, Cpr. Monterey to Catalina I. 2 dead, 20 fms. Probably —619 var. 470 624 Trivia Californiana, Gray. Monterey to San Diego and islands. Many dead, bch. Lives below tides. 467 628 Erato vitellina, Has. New Year Pt. to San Diego—Margarita Bay. 5 dead, bch. Lives below tides. 395 629 Erato columbella, Mke. Monterey to San Diego—Mazatlan. 5 dead, 20 fms. Lives below tides. 1159 633 Drillia incisa, Cpr. Str. Fuca, W. T., to Santa Cruz, Cal. Santa Cruz, 2 dead. Lives below tides. 479 635 Drillia torosa, Cpr. Santa Cruz to Santa Barbara. Many dead, bch. to 10 fms. ‘Taylor disc. 423 645 Mangelia variegata, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. 1 dead, beh. ; 5 living, 5—10 fms. sand. 1253 647 Mangelia angulata, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz, 4 dead. *495 648 Mangelia hexagona, Gabb. Carmel Bay to Catalina I. : 1 dead, bch. Carmel only. 5 66 AMERICAN JOURNAL 426 655 Mitromorpha aspera, Cpr. Monterey, Cal. 3 dead, beh., 1 living, 7 fms. rock. Taylor dise. © 397 6565 Mitromorpha filosa, Cpr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. 8 dead, beh. Lives below tides. 482 658 Conus Californicus, Hinds. Farallone Is. to San Diego—Lower Cal. 6 dead, bch. Broken ones not rare. 427 664 Odostomia gravida, Gld. Monterey to San Diego. 1 dead, bch. Possibly another sp. 1254 665 Odostomia inflata, Cpr. Neeah Bay to Farallone Is. Santa Cruz, 1 dead. 1430 671 Chemnitzia tridentata. Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Pedro. 1 dead, beh. Lives below tides. 428 672 Chemnitzia chocolata, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego, 1 living, dredged. Lives below tides. 428a 673 Chemnitzia aurantia, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. 1 living, 2 dredged? Lives below tides. 391 674 Chemniteia tenuicula, Gld. Monterey to San Pedro. 3 dead, 20 fms. Lives below tides. -— 678 Chemnitzia torquata, var. stylina, Cpr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. Monterey ¢ dredged? Carpenter’s list. #1162 680 Chemnitzia Gabdiana, Cp. Mt’y. and Cat. I. ? (= gracillima, Gabb, not Cpr.) 1 dead (dredged?) Carpenter’s list. 459 681 Chemnitzia. Monterey to San Pedro. 1 living 20 fms,, 3 dead to 35 fms. 421 683 Chemnitzia. _ Monterey to Catalina I. 1 living, 7 fms. 386 685 Hulima micans, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. , 2 living, 6 dead, 20 fms. On Asterias. OF CONCHOLOGY. 67 *386a 687 Hulima rutila, Cpr. Monterey to Catalina I. (= micans, var. ?) 1 living, 10 fms.; 9 dead, to 20 fms. 386b 688 Hulima thersites, Cpr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. 1 dead, 20 fms. 928 689 Scalaria Indianorum, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Santa Cruz, common. Living near |. w. 928a 690 Scalaria Indianorum, var. ? tincta, Cpr. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Santa Cruz, common. Living near |. w. *393 693 Scalaria subcoronata, Opr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 2 living, 1 dead, 10 fms.; 2 dead, 20 fms. Lives below tides. *393a 694 Scalaria crebricostata, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. 3 dead, 20 fms. Lives below tides. 908 696 Opalia borealis, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Kamtschatka ? Santa Cruz, rare, dead. Lives near 1. w. *361 699 Opalia spongiosa, Cpr. Monterey; 4 inch long. 1 “‘shell-washings.’’ Carpenter’s list. 323 102 Cerithiopsis tuberculata, Mont. Str. Fuca to Catalina I.—Europe. 1 dead, bch. 826 703 Cerithiopsis columna, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 1 dead, bch. ; 1 young dredged. 463 709 Cancellaria Cooperi, Gabb. Monterey to San Diego. 1 dead, 16 fms. Not yet found living. 314 712 Velutina levigata, Linn. Str. Fuca to Monterey—North Atlantic. 1 dead, 2 fms. 335 715 Lunatia Lewisti, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Many dead, bch., 4 living, beh. to 3 fms. +1050 719 Lamellaria Stearnsiana, Dall MS. . Santa Cruz to Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz, 5 living 1. w. Variable, and scarcely dis- tinct from L. perspicua, Mont., of N. Atlantic. 68 AMERICAN JOURNAL — 1722 Priene Oregonensis, Redf. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Japan. Canfield coll., bch., dead. 398 725 Marginella Jewettii, Cpr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. 7 dead, beh. ; 3 dead, 10—20 fms. Including 727? 398b 727 Marginella regularis, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. Monterey ? Carpenter’s list. 396 728 Volutella pyriformis, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. T dead, 20 fms. 334 730 Olivella biplicata, Sby. Str. Fuca to San Diego. Many living, 1. w. sand. 345 731 Olivella betica, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. Many living, 20 fms. sand. Smithsonian coll. 1076 783 Olivella intorta, Cpr. Baulines Bay to Monterey; Gulf of Cal. ? Santa Cruz, 1 living, many dead, bch. = 780 var. ? 487 784 Nassa fossata, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 1 dead, bch. Rare living. 380 737 Nassa mendica, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Sitka. 10 dead, bch., many living, T—20 fms. sand. Live near mouths of streams chiefly. 468 758 Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 4 dead, bch.; 8 living, 3—7 fms.; 3 dead, 20 fms. Lives near mouths of streams chiefly. 278 740 Amycla carinata, Hds. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 6 dead. Santa Cruz, common, living near |. w. on kelp. 278a T41 Amycla carinata, var. ? Hindsii, Rve. Neeah Bay to San Diego. 10 dead. Sta. Cruz, common, living near 1. w. on kelp. 383 742 Amycla gausapata, Gld. Str. Fuca to San Diego—Lat. 55° N. Many dead, 3 living on buoy near shore. 394 744 Ameyla tuberosa, Cpr. Neeah Bay to San Diego. * Many dead, 20 fms. Santa Cruz, living on kelp, 1. w. OF CONCHOLOGY. 69 358 T47 Amphissa corrugata, Rve. Str. Fuca to San Diego—lat. 55° N. Many dead, bch. Smithsonian coll. 313 751 Purpura saxicola, Val. Str. Fuca to S. Barbara—Ounalaska. 6 living, rocks; 5 dead, 1. w. Typical, salt water. 313a 752 Purpura saxicola, var. fuscata, Fbs. Str. Fuca to San Pedro, Cal.—Sitka. 2 dead. In water more or less brackish. 3138b 763 Purpura saxicola, var. ostrina, Gld. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara. 2 dead. In water more or less brackish. 513 754 Purpura saxicola, var.? emarginata, Desh. Str. Fuca to 8. Diego—N. Zealand ? 8 living, rocks, 1. w. Appears distinct. 282 756 Monoceros engonatum, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 3 living, rocks, ]. w. Common everywhere. 339 758 Monoceros lapilloides, Conr. Monterey to Santa Barbara. Many living, rocks, |. w. 417 759 Ocinebra lurida, Midd. Str. Fuca to Catalina I.—Sitka. 6 dead, beh. ; 1 living, 7 fms. Santa Cruz, more com- mon, dead on bch. 417a 760 Ocinebra lurida, var. ? aspera, Baird. Str. Fuca to Baulines Bay—Sitka. Sta. Cruz, dead, bch. Perhaps distinct. -417b 761 Ocinebra lurida, var. munda, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Baulines Bay. 384 763 Ocinebra interfossa, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Sitka. 6 dead, beh. ; 5 living, 7 fms. Smithsonian coll. *384b 765 Ocinebra enterfossa, var. muricata, Cp. Lohitos to Catalina I. Santo Cruz, common, dead beh. Perhaps distinct. *384c¢ 766 Ocinebra interfossa, var. clathrata, Cp. Santa Cruz to San Diego. Santa Cruz, rare, dead. Like Muricidea alveata. 481 768 Cerostoma foliatum, Gmel. Str. Fuca to Santa Barbara—Asia ? 1 living, 4 fms. Bch., common broken. 70 563 418 Ba7 AMERICAN JOURNAL 769 Cerostoma Nuttalii, Conr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. Santa Cruz, 1 dead, bch. T72 Nitidella Gouldii, Cpr. Str. Fuca to San Diego. 2 dead, beh. Smithsonian coll. 776 Muricidea squamulifer, Cpr. Baulines Bay to San Diego. 3 living, 7 fms. rock. ‘*Zrophon,” Cpr., Sta. Cruz beh., =Barbarensis ? Gabb. T78 Trophon multicostatus, Esch. Str. Fuca to Monterey—Sitka ; Greenland. 1 dead, 20 fms. 782 Stphonalia fuscotincta, Cpr. ? Monterey to Catalina I. 4 dead, bch. Possibly the young of others. 787 Fusus ambustus, Gld. Santa Barbara to San Diego—Mazatlan. Smithsonian coll. (=788)? > 788 Fusus geniculus, Conr. ? Farallone Is. to Cruz I. (Oregon, foss.) 2 dead, bch. (= ambustus, var. 7) 792 Anachis penicillata, Cpr. Monterey to San Diego. 1 dead, bch. Possibly distinct. 794 Octopus punctatus, Gabb ? San Francisco Bay to San Diego—Lower Cal. 1 young, 2 fms. Species doubtful. RECAPITULATION. Species found at Monterey (excluding manifest varieties), Species found at Santa Cruz, but not at Monterey in 1861, Total found by me in the bay, 197 50 247 Credited to Monterey by former collectors, but not confirmed, 14 New species discovered by me at Monterey, 30 New species discovered by me elsewhere, and found in the bay, 11 Total, 41 OF CONCHOLOGY. 71 NOTES ON RECENT AND FOSSIL SHELLS, WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY T. A. CONRAD. MACOMA Leach. M. supposes. PI. 1, fig. 3. Description.—Subtriangular, equilateral, convex; substance very thin; beaks slightly prominent, direct; posterior side cunei- form; ventral margin rounded, disk minutely striated concen- trically, white and glossy, with a thin, pale ochreous periostraca ; cardinal tooth in the left valve compressed, with a minute linear sulcus. Locality.—Raritan Bay, near South Amboy ; Delaware Bay. This delicate shell was found among the sea weed cast ashore, and all the specimens were dead shells, but with the valves con- nected by a strong elastic ligament. The shell is more elevated, triangular and equilateral than any other of the small American species. It has some resemblance in outline to Macoma fusca, Say, which accompanies it, but can readily be distinguished by its smaller size, more prominent beaks, shiny and iridescent valves, flexuous posterior side, Xe. Specimens from Delaware Bay are larger and rosaceous. CYCLOCARDIA. ‘Prof. Morse, in the Peabody Acad. Report, makes this genus a subgenus under Aetinobolus, Klein, the type of which is Circe peetinata. Its nearest affinity is Venericardia, Lam. CAPULUS, Montf. C. SHREEVEI, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. V, pl. 13, fig. 3 This supposed species proves to be a tooth of Pholas costata. It has a tubular character towards the upper end, which is con- 2 AMERICAN JOURNAL cealed when in place under the umbo, to which it is attached by the flat incurved side. The breaking of the valve on the beach has freed the tooth in an entire condition, and it has been thought to be an Aplysia, which it fe semiblent The inclosed or pabulae part is represented much too long in the figure. LAGENA, Bolten. L. Tincta, Conrad (Pollia.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii, p. 20, pl. 1, fig: 9: Cretaceous Species. ZORA, Conrad. Hinge Character.—Right valve—three diverging cardinal teeth, posterior one bifid ; cardinal plate broad, deeply channelled anteriorly, with » compressed lateral tooth in the middle of the channel; plate deeply channeled posteriorly. Left valve with three diverging cardinal teeth, the anterior one v-shaped, ob- lique; one distant anterior lateral’ tooth with a channel above, parallel with the cardinal margin; nympha crenulated on the upper margin; a distant narrow channel on the posterior hinge plate; pallial sinus deep, reaching to a point in a line with the posterior extremity of the posterior cardinal tooth; rounded and somewhat ascending. This genus is nearly related to the Eocene genus Jsodoma, Desh. It differs in having three teeth in the right valve instead of two bifid teeth, and in having no lateral tooth posteriorly on the left valve, but a narrow pit in place of a tooth. It has also a much wider hinge plate and a crenulated nympha. The v- shaped tooth on the left valve is a very peculiar and distinctive character. AN. CRETACEA, Conrad. Pl. 3, fig. 8. ° Description.—Subtriangular, subequilateral, convex; end margins acutely rounded; umbo slightly prominent; lunule lanceolate, slightly defined by an impressed line; ventral margin rounded. Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J. TENEA. Hinge Character.—A y-shaped tooth under the apex of the left valve, the anterior lobe of which is continued along the margin anteriorly, forming a long, deep pit above it ; one distant very oblique cardinal tooth posterior to the apex. Right valve— OF CONCHOLOGY. 73 two cardinal teeth united above; anterior one falcate, with a pit on each side ; posterior one curved and directed obliquely back- ward. T. PARILIS. Pl. 3, fig: 12. Description.—Suborbicular or subovate, inequilateral, ventri- cose ; umbo prominent; posterior end acutely rounded; ventral margin profoundly curved; surface entire. Localityn— Haddonfield, N. J. It is thin and fragile, and exteriorly so closely resembles the genus Mysia (Diplodonta) that I so referred it in the Journal of the Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vi, pl. 46, fig. 16. ASTARTE, Sowerby. A.? STAMINEA, Conrad. Description.—Oval, elevated, imequilateral; beak slightly prominent, acute; disk very minutely and densely striated con- centrically ; end margins obtusely rounded. Locality.—Ripley Co., Miss. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vi, pl. 46, fig. 8. TELLIMERA, Conrad. A more perfect hinge of the left valve of this genus gives the following character: Cardinal teeth two ; anterior one v-shaped, nearly direct, or slightly directed anteriorly ; the posterior tooth bifid, oblique; posterior lobe thick, and longer than the anterior lobe; cardinal plate comparatively broad laterally, posteriorly channeled ; anteriorly with a small pit, apparently for the recep- tion of a lateral tooth. . This genus was originally made a subgenus of TVellina, under the name of Tellinimera. I have shortened this name in the genus, and in its present form it constitutes a proper name of Greek origin. JT. EBOREA, Conrad. Pl. fig. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iv, p. 278, pl. 46, fig. 14.. Type. LINEARIA, Conrad. This genus was described in the Journal of the Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. vi, p. 279. At that time I had not seen the hinge of the right valve, which has since been obtained in the Haddon- field marl. The hinge shows two small, diverging, nearly equal teeth, directed obliquely forward, the anterior one very oblique ; 74 AMERICAN JOURNAL and two rather long lateral very distinct pits, the posterior one very distant from the apex. The pallial sinus is rounded and extends to a direct line between the apex and ventral margin, according to d’Orbigny’s fig. 5, and beyond that point in fig. 17. The present species approaches fig. 5 most nearly in out- line, but the radiating lines over the whole disk is a distinguish- ing character, and the height of the shell is proportionally less. Pl. 8, fig. 11, represents the hinge of the right valve. From Haddonfield, N. J. JENONA, Conrad. Equivalved, without fold; hinge character; two compressed, very small, widely diverging teeth in the right valve; lunule very narrow, lanceolate and marked by a deeply impressed line. AK. EVFALENSIS, (Tellina.) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv, 2d series, p. 277, pl. 46, fig. 15. | AM. PAPYRIA, Conrad. Description.—Subelliptical, inequilateral, extremely thin in substance, convex, anterior side narrowed; posterior end ob- liquely truncated; ventral margin regularly curved; surface marked by microscopic concentric close lines. Length 2 inch. Locality.— Haddonfield. YOLDIA., Y. EUFALENSIS, (Nucula,) Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, pl. 69, fig. 35. VELEDA, Conrad. Equivalved. Hinge character ; left valve with a v-shaped car- dinal tooth under the apex, and three compressed teeth, posterior one elongated and parallel with the dorsal margin, cardinal plate channeled, deeply so anteriorly. V. LINTEA, Conrad. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv, pl. 46, fig. ihre This small bivalve externally very closely resembles the genus Protocardia, except in being concentrically striated posterior to the umbonal slope. I referred it to that genus before I saw the hinge. VENILIA, Morton. Y. ELEvATA, Conrad. PI. J, fig. 7, Ta. Triangular, elevated, profoundly ventricose, with three ele- OF CONCHOLOGY. 3) vated recurved lamelliform concentric distant ribs on the disk, and two or three small ribs on the umbo; posterior slope wide and flattened or concave, forming a right angle with the disk ; umbonal slope terminal. Locality.—Uaddonfield, N. J. I found one valve of this singular species nearly entire. CARDIUM, Lin. Subgenus CrIocARDIUM, Conrad. Multiradiate ; interstices spinose, ribs smooth; anterior lateral tooth long and prominent. This subgenus presents a singular deviation from the char- acter of recent spinose species, in having long, slender spines in the interstices between the ribs, while the ribs are smooth. C. puMosuM, Conrad. Description.—Cordate equilateral, ventricose ; umbo broad; summit very prominent; ribs very numerous, small, closely ar- ranged, convex ; interstices furnished with numerous long slender spines ; posterior margin subtruncated or slightly convex ; height 1} inch; length the same. Locality.—Haddonfield, N. J. I am not certain whether or not this is C. multiradiatum, Gabb. It has a much broader umbo than multivadiatum is repre- sented to have. It also closely resembles C. Raulineanum, D’Orb., but is much larger, and proportionally more elevated, and agrees with it in having the spines in the interval between the ribs. The two species, therefore, must be referred to the one subgenus, which appears to be limited to the Cretaceous Strata. SOLYMA, Conrad. Hinge character. Two direct approximate teeth under the apex of right valve. The anterior tooth thick and rounded an- teriorly. Locality.—Haddonfield, N. J. This genus is allied to Leptosolen, Conrad, but wants the in- ternal rib of that genus; and differs also in having two teeth in the right valve. S. LINEOLATUS, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 9. Description.—Eyquilateral, ventricose, substance very thin ; anteriorly slightly contracted, end margin rounded; posterior margin obtusely rounded ; umbonal slope rounded; ventral mar- 76 AMERICAN JOURNAL gin nearly straight in the middle; disk ornamented with minute and very closely arranged lines. Length 14 in. Height 3 in. The figure represents the hinge of the right valve. Left valve unknown. CAMPTONECTES, Agass. C. BURLINGTONENSIS, Gabb, (Pecten). Ihave found the shell and sculpture of this species, which prove it to be a Camptonectes. LEPTOMYA, Conrad. Amer. Journ. Conch. vol. iii, p. 15. This name having been previously applied by H. and A. Adams to a genus of the family Tellinide, I substitute the name of Periplomya. This genus appears to connect Anatina with Periploma. Pl. 3, fig. 10, represents the hinge of left valve and the tooth of the opposite valve. INOCERAMUS. I. peculiaris, Conrad, Amer. Journ. Conch. vol. v, p. 45, pl. 1, fig. 13. This shell should probably be referred to Cercomya, Agassiz. VENERIDA. ARTENA, Conrad. Triangular, thick ; surface with acute, concentric, prominent ribs ; hinge with three cardinal teeth in the right valve, two of them diverging, distant, the anterior one under the apex, robust, direct, curved; left valve with three diverging distant teeth ; lateral tooth very small, pyramidal ; pallial sinus very small and angular. Cytherea staminea, Conrad, Miocene Foss., pl. 21, fig. 1. This genus is readily distinguished from the other genera of the family by one thick anterior tooth in the right valve instead of the two approximate teeth of Meretriz, Caryatis, &c., and by the two distant, thick, nearly equal teeth of the opposite valve, and also by the very small pallial sinus, the exterior ribs, &c. The species is triangular, very ventricose, slightly contracted posteriorly, and between the ribs are close, minute, rugose, con- centric lines umbonal slope terminal, angular; posterior slope | depressed, lunule condate. A. UNDULATA, Conrad. Description.—Subtriangular, profoundly ventricose; disk un- OF CONCHOLOGY. 77 dulated slightly and having four thick concentric ribs and nu- merous prominent lines ; inner margin crenulated. Locality. —South Carolina. Cast, in the phosphate deposits. Miocene ? These casts are so well defined that the hinge and external character of the shell can readily be studied by making moulds in wax or plaster. The ventricose disks, which are common in the hard or cohe- rent phosphate rock, usually show a somewhat undulated sur- face. The generic character perfectly agrees with that of the preceding. Venus Lamarckii is a recent species of this genus. DOSINIA, Scopoli. D. opovata, Conrad. Dione obovata, Conrad, Mioc. Foss. 14, 8, 4. VENUS. V. (Circwmphalos) auveata, Say, figured in Say’s American Conch. is probably V. (C.) athleta, Con., not alveata, Conrad. Univalves. DENTALIUM ? ? D. hamatus. Under a lens this cast shows a minute, very closely granulated surface, slightly iridescent. This also appears on a fragment of the inner part of the shell. This character, together with the expanded base, renders it doubtful whether this shell belongs to the family Dentaliide. I propose to name it Faleula. D. hamatus, Conrad, ‘Amer. Journ. Conch. vol. vy, p. 44, pl. i nos: 12) 16: CREPIDULA Lam. C. RosTRATA, Conrad. Description.—Thin, inflated, umbo very narrow and promi- nent, beak incurved, pointed above the margin of aperture ; diaphragm short, margin slightly concave. Locality.—Virginia. Miocene. Allied to OC. eymbeformis, Conrad, but may be distinguished by its thin substance, narrow umbo and incurved apex; while the umbo cavity is solid in the former species, in this it is open to the apex, and the margin of the inner plate is not sinuous as in the former. 78 AMERICAN JOURNAL C. virarntca, Conrad. Description.—Ovate, thick, inclined to be subfalcate; apex laterally curved ; margin about the apex thickened, striated ; inner plate long, margin sinuous. (. fornicata, Conrad, not Say. Locality.— Virginia. Miocene. Very variable from profoundly ventricose to slightly convex. In large specimens the margin behind the apex is very thick. Length two inches. C. RECURVIROSTRA, Conrad. Description. —Obliquely suboval, profoundly ventricose, pos- terior side obliquely depressed; anterior side contracted and slightly grooved below the apex, which is subspiral and recurved, but not detached : ; margin of internal plate sinuous. Local.—N. C.? Miocene. PERSICULA, Schum. P. ovuna, Conrad. Miocene Fossils, pl. 49, fig. 9. Description.—Ovate, short, shoulder acutely rounded ; callus of labium distinct, subangular, and continued round the upper margin of aperture; mouth rather narrow, slightly widest at base; submargin of labrum minutely crenulated within; plaits eight, upper ones minute, penultimate plait very large. Locality.— James River, Virginia. MARGINELLA, Lam. MARGINELLA CONSTRICTA, Emmons. This Miocene species, bearing the same specific name as a very different HKocene species previously described, I propose to name Marginella contracta. M. constricta, Kmmons, Geol. of N. C., fig. 135. Having formerly used the name of Porcellana, Adanson, it is necessary to remark, in explanation of my having adopted La- marck’s generic name, that the former having been given by Rumphius to Cyprea, Lin., obliges us to restore Marginella. The genus rato, Risso, has not been found in the United States, and therefore the shells I referred to it must be restored to Marginella. < The subgenera of Marginella cannot successfully be applied to the Eocene species. Jarginella larvata would be a Persicula if it had not an external margin to the larbrum. So would JZ. erassilabra, Conrad, judging by the numerous plaits on the columella alone, but it has a raised spire and very thick margin of labrum. JZ. constricta, Conrad, has five plaits. OF CONCHOLOGY. 79 NOTICES AND REVIEWS OF NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR. I.—AMERICAN. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. ix. No.8. Dec., 1869. Additional Notes on the Geographical Distribution of Land Shells in the West Indies. By Tuomas Buianp. Contains additions to the list of species given by the author in the seventh volume of the Annals. On the names applied to Pisidium, a genus of Corbiculade. By Tempe Prime. The history of Physemoda, Rafinesque, Galileja, Pisum, Gray (Miihlfeldt), Musculiwm, Link, Huglesa, Pera and Cordula, Leach, are given. List of the species of Mollusca found in the vicinity of North Conway, New Hampshire. By Tempe PRIME. Report upon the Oyster Resources of Maryland, to the General Assembly. By Hunter Davipson. 8vo, 26 pp. Annapolis, 1870. The author, who is commanding officer of the State Oyster Police Force, says that oysters are being rapidly exterminated from its waters by immense amount of dredging at periods when she beds are full of young mollusks, which are almost totally de- 80 AMERICAN JOURNAL stroyed by the heavy dredges. In 1869 five hundred and sixty- three vessels, licensed by the State, dredged and brought to market during the season of seven months upwards of six million bushels of oysters. In addition to this amount, over three mil- lion bushels were taken with the ‘‘ tongs” (for which over nine- teen hundred canoes are licensed); making the aggregate yield of the year in the waters of Maryland alone ten million bushels. A tabular statement of localities aggregates 373 square miles of oyster beds in Maryland. I1.—FOREIGN. BRITISH. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. July, 1869. On a new Volute. By FRrepERIcK McCoy. Voluta (Amoria) canaliculata. Hab.—Port Denison. Note onthe Animal of Limnea involuta. By A. G. More. The animal of this species is here described for the first time. The appearance of the shell induced systematists to suspect its intimate relationship with Amphipeplea, but the animal is not different from European Limnea. August, 1869. On the Anatomy of Diplommatina, and tts affinity with Cyclophorus and Pupina in the Cyclophoride. By JoHN Dents MACDONALD. On the spire of Voluta Thatchert. By FReprericK Mo- Coy. Nov., 1869. On some British Fresh-water Shells. By J. Gwyn JEFFREYS. Planorbis dilatatus of Gould is stated to have become a denizen of the Gorton and Bolton Canals at Manchester, its eggs having been transported probably in American cotton. Species of Terrestrial Mollusca collected on the Island of San Lucia. By Rarpy Tate. Cuttlefish (Sepia) of the Red Sea. By Dr. J. E. Gray. The Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Second Series. Vol. iv, No. 5. London. Nov., 1869. Sketches to a scale of the Auditory Organs of certain common Molluscs. By GrorGe GULLIVER, F.R.S., with a plate. OF CONCHOLOGY. 81 Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. x, No. 44, Nov., 1868, No. 45, Jan., 1869. Observations on the Septum of the Cecide, and some re- marks on the subject of the suppression of the Genera Brochina and Strebloceras or Phleboceras. By the Marquis LropoLp DE FoLin. Communicated by W. Barrp, M.D., F.R.S., &e. With a plate. The author proposes to suppress the latter genera, and merge the species in the genus Cecium, on the ground of there not be- ing sufficient generic characters to warrant their separation. The following new species are described : Cecum formulosum, Bahamas. ‘© decussatum, us ‘© infimum, Aspinwall. bimamillatum, La Guayra. ‘¢ carmenense, Lagunam de Terminos. ‘orientale, Mersina. “ auriculatum, Palermam. ¢ strigosum, Rio Janeiro. ‘© vestitum, Vera Cruz. “« erreumvolutum, Aspinwall. ‘© torquatum, Guadaloupe. “¢ ecucemna, Vera Cruz. « Veracruzanum, $6 FRENCH. Journal de Conchyliologie. Vol. xviii, No.1. 160 pp. 8vo, and 3 plates. Paris, January, 1870. Etude sur la méchoire et UVarmature linguale des Cylin- drellide et de quelques genres voisins sous le rapport conchyliologique. By H. CrossE and P. FiscuEr. In this paper an attempt at a classification of the Cylindrellas is made based upon the lingual dentition, and those species hav- ing jaws are removed from the family and placed in Helicide. The species thus separated belong to the genera Hucalodium, Berendtia and Holospira, and are essentially Mexican, while the true Cylindrellas are principally confined to the West Indies. The paper is prepared with great care, and will repay study. I cannot agree with its authors in their estimate of the import- ance of the jaw, and so far from arranging those species having it in another family, I am not even convinced that its presence is of generic value. 6 82 AMERICAN JOURNAL Catalogue des Coquilles terrestres recueillies par les natu- ralistes de la commission scientifique espagnole sur divers points del Amerique meridionale. By Dr. J. G. Hipateo. Two hundred species collected in South America are enume- rated, with more or less precise localities, and remarks. Descriptions d’espeéces nouvelles del Archipel. Caledonien. By M. Souversig and R. P. Monrrovuzier. Caledoniella Montrouzieri, Souv. Bulimus submariet, Souv. Lambertia Montrouzieri, Ke RS Annibal, bs Stomatella crassa, Mont. ot Boulariensis, Souv. Bulimus Goroensis, Souvy. cs Ouveana, a Note sur Uhabitat exact de deux esprces de Coquilles ter- restres et de trois espéces de Volutes. By Joun Bra- ZIER. Observations sur V'espéces de Coquilles terrestres qui habitent Vile de Kauai (éles, Hawaii), accompagnées de descrip- tions d’especes nouvelles. By W. HARPER PEASE. Leptachatina, Gd. IL. extensa, Pse. LL. turgidula, Pse. L.. lucida, Pse. LL. costulata, Pse. LI. antiqua, Pse. L. levis, Pse. Amastra spherica, Pse. L. balteata, Pse. rugulosa, Pse. LL. tenebrosa, Pse. Catinella rubida, Pse. Succinea elongata, Pse. Descriptions d’esprces nouvelles. By H. Crosse. Voluta Hamillei, Bulimus Corydon, Murex Pazi, Aristeus, Helix ancylochila, Pupa gubernatoria, ‘* abrochroa, Truncatella Areastana, ‘¢ cyrene, Ostrea Pauluceie. ‘“* eymodoce, Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des tles Viti, daprés les envois de Dr. E. Graeffe. By ALBERT Mousson. (Fourth Memoir.) Nanina fragillima, Stenogyra novemgyrata, es nodulata, Tornatellina columellaris, ee excrescens, Physa gibberula, Zonites plicostriatus, Auricula intuscarinata, Patula subdedala, Melampus avenaceus, re inermis, Trochomorpha accurata. % adposita, 83 By OF CONCHOLOGY. ‘Diagnoses Molluscorum Nove Caledonie incolarum. H. Crosse. Felix Gentilsiana, “ Goulardiana, Bulimus Pancheri, Microtina Heckeliana. Description dun Helix inédit provenant de la Nowvelle- Calédonie. By E. Martr. Helix Abax, Marie. Diagnoses d’espeéces inédites provenant de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. By J. B. Gasstes. Succinea Pauluccie, Helix subcoacta, o Melite, Helicina mediana, Planorbis Fouqueti, Melanopsis curta, “© Deplanchest, ef Zonites, Bulimus buccatis, eg robusta, ‘“ Ouensis, as fusca, ‘% Pinicola, a fusiformis, ‘“ Theobaldianus, & Souverbieana, Scarabus Maurulus, Neritina morosa, a Crosseanus, ne Paulucciana, Cyclostoma Vieillardi, cs Lenormandi, Helicina Gallina, Navicella excelsa. Bibliographie. Nouvelles. Necrologie. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. No. 8, Paris, 1869. Descriptions de quelques Paludinidées, Assiminidées et Mél- anidées nouvelles. By Dr. PauapILuE. (Continued.) Belgrandia Bigorrienets, n. sp. Pyrennees. 4 gibberula, ‘¢ ) uF rance. Hydrobia Paludestrinoides, “* | Pyrennees. a peracuta, «« Lyons, France, Nyons, Switzerland, 66 Paludestrina procerula, os pachygastra, Nong. 1869: France and Spain. Sicily. Description dune espece nouvelle de Cyprea. _ By Dr. F. JOUSSEAUME. Cyprea Ambryana, Guadaloupe. No. 10. 1869. Descriptions de quelques Paludinidées, Assiminidées et Mélanidées nowvelles. By M. Patavitue. (Continued.) 84 AMERICAN JOURNAL Assiminea obeliscus. Algiers. Lartetia Bourguignati. Jura, France. Lartetia Moussoniana. 6c 6 GERMAN. Baron Carl Claus von der Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika. 3d volume: Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Crustaceans, Mollusks and Echi- noderms. 8vo. Leipzig and Heidelberg, 1869. The chapter on mollusca is by Dr. E. Von Martens, and in- cludes the following new species: Helicarion aureofuscus, Nanina, var. albopicta. Nanina pyramidea, Buliminus rhodotenia, ee Mossambicensis, Physa Seychellana, The illustrations consist of three lithographic plates. Novitates Conchologicz. Supplement III]. Monographie der Mollusk- engattung Venus, Lioné. By Dr. Epwarp Rémer. 20th and 21st Parts, with 6 colored plates. Oct., 1869. This issue completes the monography of Circe. ‘The new spe- cies are: C. speciosa, Philippines. C. lirata, China. Novitates Conchologice. Supplement IV. Japanische Meeres-Conchy- lien. A contribution to the knowledge of the Mollusca of Japan, with various reflections upon their geographical distribution, By Dr. C. E. LiscHKE. Parts 5—8, with 7 colored plates. 1869. This important work is now completed. ‘There are no species first described in the present issue, but many interesting obser- vations are made on synonymy. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet of Martini and Chemnitz. (2d Edition.) 194th Part. 4to. Nurnberg, 1869. Contains the commencement of a monograph of Donacide, by Dr. Edward Romer. Bijdragen tot Ge Dierkunde. Published by the Society Natura Artis Magistra of Amsterdam. 41869. Catalogue des Coquilles de la famille des Conidés, qui se trouvent au Musée de la Societie Zoologique d’ Amster- dam. By A. OLTMANS. This rich collection is catalogued alphabetically, and embraces 230 species and numerous varieties. American Journal of Concho lo qV-. IE7O. tte.T Tryon, On new Marine Buralres. oo Hed ' ry ry aT I ' Plate 2 vz-1870 VE/ W.H.DALL, FROM NATURE Dall, On Gadinit Amertean Journal of Conchotlo 3 Amertcan Journal of Conchology. 1870 Plate 3 w a - oy a) > 7a ~ | J a“ ———- 10 ; 9 Poase, Fresh Waler Shells of Sandwich Lslandas. Conrad, On New Foss. Mo lus cen : . ‘ 7 ne 4 a : - t ” ; 2 u : i a . 2 : i ‘ r r < e ’ , ‘ J M = | . 1 € i 1 i =p. ’ : : 1 { . on 4 c « é American Journal of Conchology:. 1870. Plate 5, 1 50 a5 os =e) 1! re nd [y Bee ar Ae le Hil A QAM ACA oO / 4 a ‘i : (| yep ES 4S “ei Af a cu Seis = 4b Dall, On Siphonarta AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NEW. SE BLES. PUBLISHED BY THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vou. V1: 1870-71. Part 2. Meeting April Tth, 1870. Seven members present. Dr. W.S. W. Ruscuenseraer, Director, in the Chair. A number of additions to the Library and Museum were an- nounced. The following paper was offered for publication, and referred to a Committee: “‘ Monograph of the Fluviatile Mollusca of the United States. Part 4th (completing the work) ;” by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. Mr. Tryon read a communication from the family of Guiseppe Stabile, of Milan, late a Correspondent of this Section, an- nouncing his decease. The following communication was read, and directed to be printed in the Journal: Mohawk, N. Y., April 2d, 1870. To Dr. Jos. Lerpy: It will be remembered that those writers who have spoken of the soft parts of certain of our species of Lymncea have been unable to point out any differences that would aid the student in discriminating. My own observations, so far as they relate to the group that embraces the forms to which have been given the ‘i 86 AMERICAN JOURNAL names elodes, catascopium, emarginata, fragilis, &c., seem thus far to add nothing to the observations of others. In fact, the soft parts of all these are too slightly varied to admit of a suspi- cion of specific difference. We are left then to consider the forms and appearances of the shells; and those for any of the supposed species referred to above exhibit a succession of varia- tions that blend the whole mass into one. ‘The presence or ab- sence of ferruginous or other coloring matter determines the color of the shell in a remarkable degree. The temperature of the water determines the mode of development of the shell in a very obvious manner ; abundance or scarcity of food will deter- mine in a remarkable manner the size of the soft parts, and of course that of the enclosing shell. Whether the whorls of a shell be regularly and symmetrically rounded, or on the other hand assume a malleated appearance, as if little plane facets had been formed on a soft convex surface by hammering, is not a specific character. It depends upon the rapidity of the growth — of the soft parts, and whether there be at the same time a suffi- cient amount of calcareous matter in the food of the molluse to give the shell a sufficient solidity not to yield to the external in- fluences by which the mollusc is surrounded. I have often taken ZL. elodes while in rapid growth, and found the margins of the shells so thin and fragile that the slightest handling would fracture them. In all such cases the appearance of the surface of the shell is of the character called ‘** malleated.” We do not often find this appearance in those shells we call eatascopium, for the reason that the shells so called are generally found in bodies of water of very equal temperature, often rapidly moving; food is also less abundant, and the growth of the soft parts is not so rapid but that the whorls of the shell retain their rotund form. It may be suggested, then, that the following differences in station account forsthe supposed species that pro- bably are in reality only one: An equable temperature, a moderate supply of food, limited supply of air, and frequent disturbances of the station of the animal by currents in the water, determines the form we call catascopium. A warmer station, abundance of food, unlimited access to the atmosphere, and quiet stagnant water, favor the development called elodes. In the instances I have referred to in my papers in the Pro- ceedings of the Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. and in the Amer. Jour. Conch., the eggs of catascopiwm were developed as elodes by be- ing transferred to a shallow stream, where they found favoring conditions in the rich confervoid vegetation growing in the inter- OF CONCHOLOGY. 87 stices of a coarse gravel, a warm station in little pools of quiet water along the margin of the stream, free access to the air, by their proximity to the surface of the water, always within reach. If you regard these remarks of sufficient importance, please make use of them in any way that will promote the objects of those who seek truth. Respectfully yours, JAMES LeEwIs. Meeting May 5th, 1870. Nine members present. Mr. Tryon, Vice-Director, in the Chair. Several donations to the Library and Museum were reported. The following papers were offered for publication in the Journal : ‘‘ Revision of the Terebratulide and Lingulidee ;”’ by Wm. H. Dall. ‘“¢¢ Notes on Lingual Dentition’ by W. G. Binney and Thos. Bland ;’’ Review by Wm. H. Dall. “‘ Rectification of the Synonymy of certain Species of Margi- nella; by John H. Redfield. Meeting June 2d, 1870. Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair. The two following papers were offered for publication, and re- ferred to Committees : “Catalogue of the Recent Species of the Family Melanidze 5’ : by Aug. Brot, M.D. “Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works ;” by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. A letter was read from Prof. M. McDonald, of the Virginia Military Institute, at Lexington, Va., reporting the occurrence there of living Helicina occulta, Say, in immense quantities. The species was supposed to be extinct until discovered two or three years since by Prof. McDonald. It has also occurred, rarely, at Milwaukie, Wisconsin. Individuals were found by Prof. McD. upon the stems and leaves of plants in some cases at an elevation of two to three feet above the surface of the ground, 88 AMERICAN JOURNAL A REVISION OF THE TEREBRATULIDA AND LINGULID4, WITH REMARKS ON AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME RECENT FORMS. BY W. H. DALL, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. In the preparation of this paper I have been much indebted to the Smithsonian Institution, under the direction of Prof. Joseph Henry, for the use of its collection of recent Brachiopoda, and for the use of the cuts which illustrate the text of this article. I am under great obligations to Mr. F. B. Meek, of the Smith- sonian Institution, for assistance, especially in regard to the fossil forms ; his knowledge of the latter being only equalled by his kindness in imparting it. Tam also indebted to Thos. Davidson, Esq., F.G.S., Xc., for much useful information and assistance, and for his unfailing courtesy in correspondence. I have derived much assistance from the works of Messrs. Suess, Deslongchamps, Hall, King and Davidson, and especially from the admirable plates which accompany the excellent mono- graphs of the last-named learned paleontologist. The fact that I have departed from the arrangement hitherto in general use, is due to the belief that the pr actice of combining under one name forms differing in structure as well as detail, is detrimental to the interests of science. With few exceptions, the forms which I have separated sectionally, or generically, have been accurately figured and described by other authors ; yet, in order to refer to them specially, the student must make a special study of all the forms, and search through paragraphs and pages relating to other forms which have been united with those of which he desires information ; a course which, though popular from the greater latitude which it allows to the careless and superficial observer, is yet reprehensible, as destructive of the care and accuracy in detail which are so greatly needed in the study of recent as well as fossil forms. The great interest which attaches to the theory of evolution renders close discrimination all the more valuable at the present OF CONCHOLOGY, 89 day, whether the opinions of the observer incline to accept or to reject: it. | Again, the whole system of nomenclature is only useful as an index to the members of the animal kingdom. The more accu- rate, full, and discriminating the index, the greater its value in generalization, and the more accessible becomes a true apprecia- tion of natural laws. On the other hand, the combining in unnatural and heterogeneous groups, for purposes of conveni- ence, forms which exhibit structural differences of greater value than the characters of the united group, is a course directly in opposition to all principles of science, and one which lays the greatest obstacles in the path of study. The argument used against an extended nomenclature, of its overtaxing the memory, &c., as Dr. Morch truly observes, is unworthy a moment’s con- sideration from scientific minds, and is only adapted for the non- scientific and popular masses. Such a train of reasoning carried to its logical conclusion would take us back to the system of Linneus, or Aristotle himself. In these remarks I must not be understood as reflecting in any way upon the very valuable labors of the authors above men- tioned. To Mr. Davidson we are under great obligations, for restraining the premature cacoéthes nominandi in the group of Brachiopoda. Uowever, I believe the time has arrived when our knowledge of the internal structure of these mollusks is sufficient to warrant their separation into natural groups, which should no longer be left without definite appellations. The position of the Brachiopoda with respect to the other classes of the animal kingdom has been frequently the subject of discussion, but of late years naturalists have almost unanimously agreed in considering them as closely allied to the Ascidians and Polyzoa, and as occupying a place in that subdivision of the subkingdom Mollusca of Cuvier, to which the name Molluscoidea has been applied. The researches of Mr. H. 8. Morse into the embryology of Terebratulina septentrionalis, would seem to sub- stantiate this view entirely, and the only question still undecided would seem to be whether the Brachiopoda or the Ascidia should be considered as the most nearly allied to the Lamellibranchiata. As naturalists have generally come to the conclusion that linear classification is impossible, this point, though of interest, can hardly be said to be of great importance. But, more recently, Mr. Morse,* after enjoying great facilities for the study of the living animal of Lingula, has announced as his opinion, that the Brachiopods and Polyzoa must be removed from the mollusca * Silliman’s Journal, July, 1870, p. 100. 90 AMERICAN JOURNAL including the Ascidians, and that the former are, as he expresses it, “‘true articulates and not mollusks, and that their proper place is among the worms, forming a group near the tubicolous Annelids.”’ A statement at once so startling and so utterly at variance with the received ideas upon the subject, naturally awakens a sentiment of opposition; such being the case, we should en- deavor to use the utmost impartiality in discussion, and to give due consideration to the facts bearing upon either side of the question. It is, I believe, generally admitted that, in classify- ing forms which lie upon the boundaries of the great subdivisions so closely as to render their position a matter of doubt, a con- clusion is more fairly reached by considering the sum total of the characters than by an exclusive classification based upon any one of them; and also that in arriving at a decision a com- prehensive view of the general types of structure is more re- liable than minor morphological considerations. Taking this view of the case, we may judge more clearly of the value of Mr. Morse’s proposition by comparing the general structure of the Mollusea with that of the Annelids and then deciding from the _ facts, to which of them the structure of the Brachiopods and Polyzoa offers the greatest affinity. Clark has shown very clearly* that the mollusca as a group are characterized especially by a bilateral development of single organs, that is, ‘among the zoophytes and articulates we find an excess of repetitions, of multiplicity of parts; but here (among the mollusca) every part or organ is single or in a single pair, and, instead of repeating itself, it develops its uniformity to relatively extreme proportions.” The main characters of the mollusca are as follows : The circulatory system varies in extent, the ascidians possess- ing a simple unilocular contractile vesicle and incomplete vascu- lar apparatus, while the cephalopod developes a trilocular heart with a distinct arterial and venous system. The heart, when it exists, is usually on the opposite side of the alimentary tube, from the principal nervous centre. The blood is colorless or colored.t The nervous system essentially consists of a collar of nerves and ganglia around the oval opening or anterior portion of the alimentary tube. ‘The principal nerve-mass is usually on the opposite side from the heart. The alimentary system consists essentially of a tube invariably * Mind in Nature, 1865, p. 195. + Colored blood has been observed in Chzton; in Tunicata by Milne Edwards ; the circulating fluid of Hinnites is of a deep wine-color. OF CONCHOLOGY. 91 more or less bent upon itself, and in most cases with the excur- rent orifice adjacent to the incurrent or oral opening. The muscles of Salpa abound in transversely striated fibres While among the mollusca transverse bands of muscular fibre are not uncommon, yet these never enclose a succession of simi- lar nervous, vascular or reproductive organs; nor do they in- clude the whole body except in some Junicates. The majority of the mollusca possess a calcareous shell, secreted by an organ called the mantle, to which they are permanently attached by strong muscles, and from which they cannot emerge and live. Our knowledge of their embryology is too limited to admit of “Sweeping generalizations. Chitine is very generally secreted by them in the form of teeth, jaws, byssus, bristles* or opercula. On the part of the Articulates, and especially the Annelids, their most strongly marked and typical feature is that of a repetition of similar parts; ‘we find it equally conspicuous among the internal organs, the intestines, heart, lungs or gills, nervous system and the reproductive system,” ‘“ the highest of them do not attain to that singleness of character which exists even in the lower middle ranks of mollusca.’’+ Their principal structural characters are as follows : The etreulatory system is highly developed, complete and closed. The place of a heart is supplied by several large con- tractile vessels,{ or by the contraction of the vascular channels or of the body itself.§ The vessels anastomose at both extremt1- ties, and by transverse vessels in the separate segments. ‘The blood is colored or colorless. The nervous system is composed of two cords which connect successive ganglia, or, instead, send off lateral branches at - regular intervals, along the median line of the body, while the most anterior and principal ganglion lies above the cesophagus.|| The digestive apparatus almost without exception opens by a mouth at the anterior end of the body and terminates by an anus at the posterior end. It is usually straight, rarely having convolutions and frequently divided by muscular constrictions into many sections. The muscles of the Annelids, though highly developed, appear *The bristles of Chton are well known, in Acanthochites especially they are gathered in regular bundles, in follicles, corresponding to the segments of the shell, while in Cryptochiton they are spread over the en- tire surface. 7 Mind in Nature, p. 214. { Siebold. Anat. Inv., p. 167, et seq. Burnett’s translation. 21n the Nemertorda. || Siebold, p. 156-60. 92 AMERICAN JOURNAL without notable exception to be destitute of transverse stria- tions.* The whole body is enveloped by subcutaneous muscular layers ; (1) of transverse muscles; (2) of longitudinal muscles, and in many forms a third, of obliquely twisted fibres, is interposed between the two. Such of the Annelids as possess a shelly covering form it by a secretion from a collar which surrounds the anterior extremity, which either deposits a calcareous matter or a fluid which serves to agglutinate grains of sand or other substances together to form a tube. But in no case are the inhabitants provided with permanent muscular attachments to such tubes; they can emerge without injury, especially when young,f and form another habi- tation without inconvenience. ‘he shells of Annelids are al- ways univalve, and no Annelid is known to attach itself by a byssus or by a portion of its integument, to any extraneous object. . In the Brachiopods and Polyzoa we find the following details of structure: while it is noteworthy that they are formed on the plan of uniformity, characteristic of the mollusca, and exhibit no trace of the reduplication of similar parts, which is the most salient feature of the Annelids and articulates in general. There is no vascular system or heart in the Polyzoa. The heart in the Brachiopoda is indistinct and the circulation is incom- plete, recalling a similar condition of things among the ascidians. Two or four accessory, contractile vesicles assist in propelling the blood. They are distinct from the blood vessels, in which the circulation is assisted by ciliary action. The blood is colored as in Chiton and many Ascidians. The nervous system in the Polyzoa consists principally of a ganglion placed between the afferent and efferent openings as in Ascidians. In the Brach- iopods it is more highly developed and consists of a series of ganglia and nerves, forming a collar surrounding the cesophagus ‘as in all true mollusks,’ with the greater portion of the gan- glia below the cesophagus, while in worms it is above it. The digestive canal is bent upon itself in both Polyzoa and Brachiopoda, without exception. This is doubtfully reported, as far as I know, of but one worm, a larval form (Phoronis) ; other characters of this Annelid will presently be mentioned. In some of the Brachiopods the canal is closed, while in others it opens laterally. It is never divided into sections by muscular constrictions as 1n worms. * Siebold, l. c. p. 154. But one or two species of Annelids have been asserted to have striated muscular fibres. + Johnstone, Cat. Brit. Nonparasitical worms, pp. 1 & 81. e OF CONCHOLOGY. 93 The muscles of the Polyzoa are not striated ; in arrangement they strongly recall those of Salpa. On the other hand the muscles of many of the Brachiopods are notable for their very conspicuous and remarkable striation. The peduncle of Lingula anatina consists of four layers; an outer horny layer, imperforate and smooth, or slightly villous under a very high power, and transversely wrinkled by contrac- tion into irregular annulations; second, a gelatinous, bomo- geneous layer of pellucid matter, probably of the same essential character as the outer layer, but softer; third, a very thin, delicate single layer of transverse muscular fibres (‘delicate membrane,” of Hancock) the most worm-like of all the char- acters of the group in question. But an exact parallel to the three layers just described may be found in the siphons of Lamellibranchs (for instance Mya arenaria) though the fourth layer, which in the Brachiopods is composed of simple longitu- dinal muscular fibres, is, in the other group, modified for the special use for which it is designed.* A similar arrangement of circular muscles is found in the higher Ascidians. Finally, we find one special character worthy of mention upon which Mr. Morse has laid much stress, namely, the ‘ bristles ”’ which fringe the mantle-edge in most of the brachiopods, and which he has found * identical’ with the sete of worms. These “ bristles ” or cirriin the brachiopods are very peculiar, and unlike anything reported by all writers on worms, accessible tome. They emerge one or two, or rarely more, from follicles on the edge of the mantle, exactly as we find the bristles of Acanthochites doing among the chitons. The bristles of Plaai- phora, however, are not homologous, being more accurately re- garded as dermal prolongations. But, while seated in follicles, as among Chitons, the cirri of the brachiopods are less like Chiton-setze than the latter are like worm-bristles. The last- mentioned are solid,f usually falciform, rarely jointed, and of homogeneous consistency, quite insoluble in boiling caustic potash. They are sometimes serrated, and often provided with a hook; and in the tubicolous Annelids are repeated with every segment. The Chiton-setze resemble them in being solid, and homogeneous, but they are more simple in form, shorter, and in some species strengthened with a limy deposit. *It is not impossible that, to some extent, the peduncle may be analogous to the siphon; especially as in Miiller’s figure of an em- bryonic Desczna, a little organ below the mouth (which Morse compares with an Annelidan operculum) seems from its position, at least, to be analogous with the “ foot ” of bivalves, while the peduncle occupies rela- tively the same position that the siphon would. t See Johnstone, loe. cit. p. 79, et. seq. 94 OF CONCHOLOGY. The cirri of the brachiopods are tubular and composed of two layers. The inner one is composed of slender, brittle, longi- tudinal fibres of chitine ; the outer is membranous, very thin and regularly imbricated, the imbrications perhaps indicating stages of growth. In Lingula anatina and Discina lamellosa these bristles are covered with small short pointed setedle, irregularly disposed upon the surface. These setellee resemble the thorns upon arose bush, being larger at the base, but the portion of membrane upon which they are seated is sometimes constricted below the base, giving them a pedunculated appearance. They are not articulated however as they might appear at first sight. Some of the cirri are flattened a little and the transverse im- brications are closer than in some others. This may be due to differences in rapidity of growth. When the cirri are boiled in caustic potash the outer mem- brane, setedle, and most of the imbrications disappear entirely. Nothing remains but the chitinous tube, which, deprived of its - envelope, splits readily into longitudinal fibres, or collapses. When the difference in their construction and the fact that they are confined to the mantle edge and are not found upon the peduncle or other parts of the body, are recognized, it be- comes very evident that they are by no means “ identical ” with the setee of the worms. The brachiopods are invariably attached by permanent mus- cles to bivalve shells, while the Annelids have no muscular con- nection with their univalve tubes of mud or sand. The fact that Lingula pyramidata forms a “sand-tube’’ about the pe- duncle, though interesting, has no bearing on the subject, since it is obvious that it cannot be formed in the same manner as the worm-tube, with which it might be compared, and does not bear the same relation to the animal. The brachiopods are, as a rule, pedunculated and usually at- tached by their peduncles to submarine objects; Lingula forms no exception; though non-attached individuals are abundant, others of the same species are permanently fixed to stones or shells. None of the Annelids are pedunculated nor attached by the integument to submarine objects. Phoronis and Crepina, larval Sipunculoid worms, which have been relied upon to bridge the chasm between the Polyzoa and the Annelida, have a distinct arterial and venous system, the latter, certainly, and the former, probably, have a straight intestine terminating in a posterior anus,* and in fact if the crown of ciliated tentacles be hidden, *See Strethill Wright, pp. 314-316, (Ed. new Philosoph. Journ. Vol. iv, 1856,) and compare Johnstone loc. cit. p. 266. AMERICAN JOURNAL 95 the sight, in the words of Van Beneden, the describer of Crepina, and a well known student of the Annelids and Polyzoa, is enough “ to drive the very idea of a Polyzodn far away” !* To conclude, it is impossible to avoid the impression that in hastily referring the Brachiopods and Polyzoa to the Annelids, Mr. Morse has judged the case on inadequate grounds, and from the evidence before us it is not unsafe to predict that they will remain in the future as in the past, unmolested among the Molluscoidea, with their nearest allies the Tunicates. The recent observations of M. E. Deslongchamps on the spicule contained in the mantle and circulatory system of most of the genera, go far toward proving the erroneous nature of the homologies which have been drawn between the calcareous sup- ports of Uhecidium and the apophyses of other forms of Brachio- poda. This is elsewhere discussed. I have preferred using the terms neural and heemal to indicate the different valves, rather than the appellations ventral and dorsal, which can hardly be applied to the shells of this group. I have considered the pedunculated extremity of the shell as the posterior, and the opposite end as the anterior portions of the mollusk. In the details of the apophyses, I have used terms whose meaning is sufficiently evident; dividing them into the erura, hemal processes, neural processes, lateral loops, neural loop, septal processes, lateral processes, septum, &c., according to their rela- tive position with regard to the shell, as will readily be under- stood. The nomenclature of the figures is essentially the same as that of Woodward’s Manual, in which most of them originally ap- peared. As no list of the recent species of Rhynchonella has been lately published, I have added one, with appropriate references, for the convenience of students. * Van Beneden, “ Notice sur un Annelid,” &c., Bull, de l’Ac. Royale de Belgique, 2d_ Series, V, 1858, p. 457. Nore.—I would add, that so far as I have carried my dissections of Lingula anatina, the results obtained agree entirely with those of Mr Hancock, in his magnificent paper on the organization of the Brachio- poda; which stands unsurpassed in the annals of the comparative ana- tomy of invertebrates ; and, while some of the surmises put forth in it have not been confirmed by further researches, yet in the laborious ac- curacy of the dissections it may ever serve as a model to students. 96 OF CONCHOLOGY. Synopsis of characters. TEREBRATULIDA).—Punctate, foraminated, pedunculate, valves articulated. Brachiferous, with non- spiral apophyses. TEREBRATULIN A.—Hemal valve bearing a simple loop, attached only to the hinge margin; pro- vided with crura. TEREBRATULA.—Loop simple, crura separated. Terebratula.—Shell ovate. Brachia behind the mouth, provided with two lateral and a median spiral lobe. Centronella.—Mesial sinuation of the loop prolonged neurally, as a thin lamina. ? Epithyris.—Hinge plate pointed, prolonged beneath the loop. Pygope.—Shell bilobed when young; lobes uniting and leaving a central perforation, in the adult. ReENSSELZRIA.—Hinge plate perforate internally. Anterior part of the loop pointed before, wider behind, long, with a slender process neurally perpen- dicular to the posterior edge. TEREBRATULINA.—Loop with the tips of the crura united forming a more or less sinuous ring. WALDHEIMIA.—Loop elongated and reflected, crura sepa- rated. Cryptonella.—Loop with a transverse band uniting the apophyses behind the crura. Waldheimia-—Ovate, inflated ; crura short, cardinal pro- cess and border moderate. Meganteris.—Orbicular, compressed, nearly equivalve. Crura long, projecting over the edge of the re- flected loop. Cardinal process and border, large. STRINGOCEPHALINA.—Cardinal process produced and bifid. Loop not reflected, submarginal ; attached to the crura by their neural edges (7); both valves with a septum. STRINGOCEPHALUS.—Loop provided with thin processes converging internally. Neural septum fitting into the bifurcation of the cardinal process. Foramen very large, triangular, when young ; round and small when adult. MAGASINA.—Loop reflected, attached both to the hinge- line and to a hemal septum. o AMERICAN JOURNAL 97 TEREBRATELLA.—Apophyses with their heemal arms con- nected with the septum by two septal processes. Trigonosemus.—Area large, flat; beak produced; fora- men minute, apical. Lyra.—Beak much produced, divided internally by the prolongations of the dental lamine. Terebratella.—Shell usually ovate. Brachia with two lateral lobes meeting behind the mouth, median lobe absent, or obsolete. Septum not promi- nent, posterior neural loop free. Laqueus.—Shell ovate, foramen usually entire, posterior neural loop attached on each side by slender processes to the hemal processes, near the at- tachment of the septal processes. Kingena.—Posterior part of the neural loop broad, angu- lated, with the corners brought down and attached to the septum. Exterior rough or pustulate. Ismenia.—Lateral loops and neural loop broad, and blended posteriorly with the hzemal and septal processes, forming a broad funnel-shaped ring ; lateral loops anteriorly open. Exterior as in Terebratella. MEGERLEA.—Apophyses as in Jsmenia, but lateral loops closed with calcareous matter. Shell transverse, hinge-line straight; striate outside, pustulate inside. Median brachial spiral lobe prominent. Brachia passing behind the mouth. Maaas.—Apophyses attached by the sides of the hemal processes to the septum. Magas.—Reflected portion of the loop incomplete. Magasella.—Reflected portion of the loop complete. KRAUSSININAL.—No loop. Apophyses comprising two laterally extended lamellee attached to the upper part of the prominent mesial septum of the heemal valve. KRraussina.—Shell externally sculptured, beak truncate ; foramen large, incomplete; septal lamelle an- teriorly inclined. Mouth behind the brachia, mesial spiral lobe minute. BovucHarpiIA.—Shell externally smooth, beak produced ; foramen minute, complete ; septal lamellz pos- teriorly inclined. PLATIDIIN.—Brachia sigmoid, meeting behind the mouth; no spiral lobe. 98 OF CONCHOLOGY. PLATIDIA.—Loop simple, not reflected; attached to a me- sial septum. No cardinal process. Foramen encroaching on both valves. MEGATHYRINA.—Mouth central, surrounded by a mem- branous disk, bounded by non-spiral sub- marginal brachia. MecatHyris.—Hinge-line straight; loop not reflected, submarginal, attached. Mantle adherent to the shell. : Megathyris.—F oramen and area large. Shell sculptured. Loop attached to three or more submarginal radiating septa. Oistella.—Shell smooth or sculptured. Loop attached to a single submarginal mesial septum, which in- terrupts the brachia. x * # * ? THECIDIINA.—Shell attached by the substance of the. neural valve, and with the foramen closed when adult. Young with a minute apical. foramen. Loop entirely absent. Mantle supporting the brachia (which are non-spiral and irregularly lobed), and itself supported by a self-secreted irregular calcareous net- work. THECIDIUM.—Shell thick, oval, rounded. Area large and flat. Crura united in a bridge over the visceral cavity. Brachia usually separated by a mesial ridge and its branches. Calcareous network variable. Norr.— Hichwaldia, Bill, which is doubtfully referred by Bronn to the Terebratulide, is founded on a shell (H. subtregonalis, Rep. Prog. Can, Sur. p. 192, 1858) of which the internal structure is unknown, but which resembles externally, in the position of the foramen and general appear- ance, Magasella Cumingit, Davidson, sp., P. Z. 8. 1852, pl. xiv, fig. 1O— 16. The genus was published in the Rep. on the progress of the Canadian Geol. Survey, 1858, p. 192, fig. 24, a toe, and the type is from the Coal Measures of Canada. Leptocelia, Hall, is closely related to Atrypa. Hynniphoria, Suess, is unknown to me, Tropidoleptus has been referred doubtfully, by Prof. Hall, to the Tere- bratulide. The type is Strophomena carinata, Conr. I do not feel suf- ficiently confident of its true position to admit it at present. The apo- physes appear to resemble a Magas, without the upper reflected portion. Vetulina, Hall, is somewhat undecided in its relations; V. pustulosa, Hall, is the type.—Vede Pal. N. Y., vol. iv. 99 AMERICAN JOURNAL "DU “MY "SNOIUIOJI[BO “TY "RILSLOP “VT, wad 1 aR he ‘suvbaja ‘7, "UUANG ‘SI ‘Lop ILP “PAT "DAPSOMIION “CO "SUOOSOAUT * Ah ‘syuodaosyndeo +7, "sap10d0 "ar “phydip “qf ‘pyphuoja “ay ‘pabof-sunjh +o ‘DDPLOU + “Hd AL ‘purhursy ‘snonbery "RI [FRAG ALO J, DINT é ‘snmasouohrsy ‘seuaquobayy “pyjaunjgdhiag “BLULLOYP[R AA ‘adobhig ‘suhypdy ¢ "0 0U0.17U9/) "E[Nyeaqatay, “SONUDANS "B][OYBAGIAI T, ‘snpoy davohurus “BTUILOU PT e AA “BUL[UBAQI19 T, “DIULD)]ISSUBY "B]NIVAGIL T, “SONUD “RUISVOVIV ‘auryvydas0burus “CUTLNIBAGOL0 T, “NOILOUS UO AUNVAENS “RPT UIBAG ILI T, “AUINVA ‘soupy ur aun Yrssof punof hwo saroads 40 nsauab asoy,], ‘NOILVOIAISSV1O 40 DTAV I, AMERICAN JOURNAL ‘pyyod ‘SLUDIOUDAD “6 ‘paquinjd * yy “‘pypynburo “7 DIYDULOLYO °C) ‘srunjody *¢ ‘srusofauurd +7 ‘srpunwd 7 TM AO haeal G “RpPIqye “wy CULQRUB “TT x , unpund 7 ‘eyUoUNd *O “BY [[OOOp ‘W “BO PLOLUUOUR ‘d ediing “gq "BAqna ‘yy Sear AW ‘pyrund * yr "RIVOUNAY * AY ‘snpnounjoad *7 ‘pUbhLoyny 22191990 % BEEN | ‘std yuso fy] "BL[ASuaL TY "SUDL]N *BIUOUIST “SONUDPHOS v ‘snqophipuods ‘pUnogoUoTy *P212]990 "871090 ‘sedaynbuvy “D))ALIUAL ‘pyanbuvy *BIPIIOLYH "eNO ULT * ‘MWNIpwooy J, "stu AIUD TA SIPHYd “RIpPAVponog BUISSHRA YS] ‘SUdU I BO]IOD0 TW "RT[OIWAGO.L T, “SONUD "aounjog() “MUNG AIT * ‘MUUIPIOOYT, Z ‘wurdyyeso py “BUNPIV] J “MUTUISSN BAY ‘MUISRH LT “NOILOUS MO ATINV IES ‘epiasarry * “Op UAIQOL0 T, “AUIW Val OF CONCHOLOGY. 101 Family TEREBRATULID. Shell punctate. Neural valve perforated at or near the apex, and attached to submarine objects by a peduncle passing through the perforation, or by a portion of the valve itself; provided with two teeth, which are articulated into sockets in the hemal valve, which, in its turn, possesses a more or less prominent (cardinal) process which interlocks with the neural valve. Animal with ciliated brachia more or less provided with non- spiral calcareous supports, which proceed from the heemal valve. Section TEREBRATULIN A. Heemal valve with a simple loop proceeding from the hinge margin, more or less sinuate, and possessing two pointed pro- cesses or crura which have their origin near the hinge margin, to which alone the loop is attached. Deltidium composed of two pieces, often united. Genus TEREBRATULA (Llhwyd), Auct. Shell provided with a simple sinuous loop. Crura separated. Neural valve perforate at or near its extremity; attached by a pedicel. iN — — SS YRS Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Verebratula vitrea, Born, hemal valve. Fig. 2. Same, with the animal. Subgenus TEREBRATULA (Lihwyd), Auct. Shell ovate, margin entire. Brachia passing behind the mouth, provided with two symmetrical lateral lobes and a double spiral median lobe. Type. Terebratula mazxillata, Sby., Min. Conch. p. 52, pl. 436, f. 4, 1822, = T. minor subrubra, Lihwyd, Lith. Brit. Ichn. 1699, pl. xi, fig. 890. 8 102 AMERICAN JOURNAL The genus Terebratula of Lihwyd, who was not a binomial author, was adopted by Miiller (Prodr. Zool. Dan. 1776, pp. xxxi and 249), although not in the restricted sense in which it is at present employed. His Zerebratule embraced several spe- cies now distributed in different genera. In 1799, Lamarck, in his Prodr. Nouv. Class. des Coquilles, adopted the name, taking T. perovalis, Sby., as his type. This example has been followed by almost all subsequent authors. The generic term Anomia used for species of this family by Bolten (1798), Linnzeus, and other authors, has in modern times, with equal unanimity been applied to a genus of Lamellibranchiate mollusea. The type most commonly cited for the genus is the recent Terebratula vitrea of Born (= Anomia terebratula, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1153, and @ryphus vitrea, Megerle, Berl. Mag. 1811, p. 64), which inhabits the Mediterranean and is found Sone in he Pliocene deposits of Sicily. TEREBRATULA UN@UICULA, Cpr. T. unguicula, Cpr., Proc. Zool. Soc. Feb. 14, 1865, figs. 1 to 4, p. 201. Cooper, Geogr. Cat. of Cal. Mollusca, p. 3, No. 3. Hab. San Diego, 6 fm.; Monterey, 20 fm., Cooper. Van- couver Id., For bes. Sitka, under stones at low water; Unga Id., 4 fms., Dall. This remarkable and very distinct species is provided in the young state with strong, radiating, simple ribs, and in this con- dition the hemal valve resembles, exteriorly, a small Peeten. In older specimens the ribs bifureate and become less pronounced, and the resemblance to a young Terebratulina caput-serpentis becomes more marked. The principal differences are that the Terebratula is rather the wider, and the intercostal spaces are more channelled than in the Zeredratulina. Even these differ- ences may not be constant in a large number of specimens. The broad incomplet e loop, of course, is abundantly sufficient to identify this species. The umbo of the neural valves is sharply pointed in perfect specimens ; the foramen is large and incom- plete. the area smooth and very short; there is no deltidium, and the pedicel is usually stout and short. Smithsonian Cabinet, 14,789, 14,892, 15,264. No. 16,252, a single valve from Neeah Bay, appears to be Terebratella caurina, Gould, jun., worn. OF CONCHOLOGY. 103 Subgenus CENTRONELLA, Bill. Centronella, Billings, Can. Nat. iv. 1859, p. 131. A.J. Sei. vol. 36, p. 257. Shell resembling Terebratula, but with the mesial sinuation of the loop prolonged toward the neural valve, in the shape of a thin lamina. Type. Centronella glans-fagea (Hall sp.), Bill., in Can. Nat. 1859, p. 131, fig. 1 to 5, and Am. Journ. Sci. xxxvi, p. 237, fig. 8. Fossil in the Devonian of Canada. Plate vi, fig. 8. ? Subgenus Eptruyris, King. g > Ss Epithyris, King (not Phillips), Perm. Foss. p. 146, 1850. Seminula, M’Coy, Br. Pal. Foss. 1855 (not = Seminula, M’Coy, 1844). Dielasma, King, Proc. Dub. Univ. Zool. and Bot. Assoc. vol. i, 1859, p. 260. Shell with lamelle supporting the teeth of the neural valve, a short loop as in Terebratula, but more abruptly sinuated an- teriorly, and with the central lamina of the hinge plate, in the hemal valve, produced in the form of a mason’s trowel, and sup- ported beneath by a mesial septum. Type. LEpithyris elongata, King, = Terebratulites elongatus, Schloth. Fossil, Permian. Piate viii, fig. 7, after Da- vidson. Mr. Davidson’s figure in the Permian Brachiopoda represents the hinge lamina as produced almost as far as the loop, and very prominent ; those of Prof. King in the Permian Foss. show little more than may be observed in various species of different genera in this family. If the last-named figures be correct, the group is hardly of subgeneric value. Epithyris of Phillips (Pal. Foss. 1841, p. 55) was not suffi- ciently characterized, and no type was mentioned. Hence the name was still available, as it represented nothing. Prof. King applied it to this species and others allied to it, naming and figuring the species above mentioned as his type. In 1844 Prof. M Coy had given the name Seminula to a group belonging to the 104 AMERICAN JOURNAL Helictobrachiata, composed of an Athyris and two species of Lthynchonella. This fell to the ground, and in 1855 he proposed to apply the name to the group already characterized by King as Hpithyris. Under the impression that his early name was inadmissible, Prof. King again described the group, with the same type, under the name of Dielasma. According to the strictest rules of nomenclature Hpithyris must take the precedence, and Dielasma be considered as a synonym. Subgenus Pycops, Link. Pygope, Link, Physik. Erdbeschr. 11, 1880. King, Perm: Foss. p. 144, 1850. Woodw., Man. Rec. and Foss. Shells, p. 215, pla xy, fig. 2. ‘ Antinomia, Catullo, (Quart. Jona Geol. Soc. vol. vii, 1850, pa (a: Loop as in Terebratula. Shell punctate. Young bilobed, the emargination being in the median line. In the adult the inner edges of the le: unite, leaving a circular perforation in the centre of the shell. Type. Pygope diphya, = Terebratula diphya, v. Buch, Ueb. Ter: p. $8; ple, fig12: Fossil in Jurassic beds of Europe. The very remarkable conformation of the adult shell cannot have been without some corresponding differences in the soft parts, and is sufficient to entitle the group to subgeneric rank, although the apophyses resemble Terebratula. Another species, P. diphyoides, d Orb, (Pal. Fran. Ter. Cret. iv, p. 87, pl. 109), is found in the Neocomian of France. The recent species of the genus Terebratula, not previously mentioned, are: Tor ebratula uva, Brod., P. Z. 8. 1838, p. 124. Hab., Gulf of Tehuantepec, Cuming; Falkland Ids., Davidson. ? Terebratula minor, Phil. and Suess., Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1861, p. 85. Hab., Mediterranean. Terebratula Davidsoni, A. Adams, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 814, pl. 19, fig. 50. Satanomosaki, Japan, 55 fathoms. 2? Terebratula transversa, Gould, Proe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vii, p. 323, Sept., 1860. Otia Conch., p.120. Dav., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1861, p. 38. (Not 7. transversa, Sby., which is a synonym of 7". dorsata, Lam.) Suess. Wohns. 1, p. 27, 1859. OF CONCHOLOGY. 105 The type of this species is not to be found, and I am unable to suggest its proper place from Dr. Gould’s description. Suess (l. c.) refers it to Megerlea. Hab., Hakodadi Bay, Japan. Terebratula cubensis, Pourt., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 7, p. °109. W. Indies. Genus RENSSELZRIA, Hall. Atrypa, Conrad, Ann. Rep. Geol. of New York, 1839, p. 45. Pentamerus, Vanuxem, Journ. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sci. viii, p. 266, 1843. Meganteris, Hall, An. Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y. Pal. Foss, 1857. Rensseleria, Hall, 12th An. Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y. p. 39, Oct. 1859. Shell punctate, inequivalve; neural valve with a prominent apex ; foramen complete or incomplete, terminal, sometimes con- cealed. Teeth supported by receding plates, which are attached in the cavity of the apex of the neural valve; septum present. Haemal valve with a more or less prominent hinge plate and cardinal process. ‘The hinge plate is perforated near the apex of the valve, forming a communication with the cavity of the umbo. Two moderately stout processes are given out from the hinge upon which the crura are attached at a strong angle, projecting above and below, and at the lower extremity giving off the main branches of the apophyses about at a right angle. The latter are produced anteriorly, meeting, and forming a sharp point connected by a thin plate of shelly matter, at the posterior edge of which, in the median line, a slender process is projected up- ward, nearly parallel with the crura, toward the neural valve. Type. Rensseleria ovoides, Hall = Terebratula ovoides, Eaton, Geol. Textb. 1832, p. 45. Fossil in the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Oriskany beds of New York. Prof. Hall has aptly compared a view of the apophyses with the tongue of a bird having the hyoid bones attached. Genus TEREBRATULINA, D’Orb. Terebratulina, D’Orb., Comptes Rendus xxv, p. 268, 1847. Shell with the foramen incomplete and deltidium usually rudi- mentary. Crura united at their tips in the adult, forming a more or less sinuous ring. Brachia as in Terebratula. 106 AMERICAN JOURNAL Type. Terebratulina caput serpentis. LL. sp. Anomia caput serpentis, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1158, 176T. Terebratulina caput serpentis, D’Orb., Ann. Sci. Nat. viii, 67, pl.vu, feet 8,7, 1848. Terebratulina cornea, D’Orb., 1848. Terebratula pubescens, Retz., N. Gen. 15. Anomia retusa, Linn., 8. N. 12, Ps fol Delthyris spatula, Mke., Syn. ed. 2, 96. Terebratula aurita, Flem., Phil. Fool. Terebratula costata, lee, Zool. Journ. Terebratula striata, Leach, Br. Moll. Terebratula Gervillei, 8S. Wood, Mag. N. H. v, p. 253. Hab. Northand East Atlantic. Smithsonian Cabinet, 14, 187. Fig. 4. am ie \H wy Fig. 3. Terebratulina caputserpentis, D’Orb., hemal valve. Fig. 4. Same, showing the animal. This species, by the coarser and rougher striz, and usually more elongate and less inflated valves, seems sufficiently distin- guished from 7’. septentrionalis, Couth. It is reported from Japan, by A. Adams. Perhaps his speci- mens may have been 7. augusta, Ad. (= T. Japonica, Sby. teste Rve.), or possibly Terebratula unguicula, Cpr. The other recent species of this genus are: Terebratulina Japonica, Sby., Thes. Conch. vi, p. 844, pl. 68, fig. 7, 8. Hab. Japan. ? Terebratulina Cuming, Dav., P. Z. 8. 1852, p. 79, pl. xiv, fig. 17, 18, 19. Hab. China Seas, Japan. Terebratulina abyssicola, Ad. and Rve., Voy. Samarang, Moll. p- 72, pl. xxi, fig. 5. Hab. Gulf of Corea. Terebratulina radiata, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. iii, fig. 7 a, 7 b. Hab. Gulf of Corea, Belcher. Terebratulina cancellata, Koch, Kuster Conchyl. Cab. v, vii, pl. ii b, fig. 11 and 15. Hab., West Australia, Suess. Terebratulina Caillettti, Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl. 1865, p. 27, pl. i, fig. 1,2, 8. Hab. West Indies. OF CONCHOLOGY. 107 Genus WALDHEIMIA, King. Waldheimia, King, Perm. Foss. p. 81, 1850. Macandrevia, King, Proc. Dub. Univer. Zool. and Bot. Assoc. 1859, p. 261. Eudesia, King, Perm. Foss. p. 144. Lampas, Humph. (pars.) ? Rynchora, Dalm. (pars.) Waldheimia, Woodw., Gray, Dav. and the generality of au- thors. Loop elongated and reflected, without secondary attachments. Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Muscular system of Waldheimia. 2 nat. size, after Hancock. a, a, adductors; 7, cardinals; z, accessory cardinals; p, p’, z, pedicel muscles ; 0, mouth; 7, apophyses ; ¢, dental socket. Subgenus Cryprons.ua, Hall. Loop exactly resembling that of Waldheimia, proper, except in the addition of a transverse band from one side of the apo- physes to the other, behind the crura. Cryptonella, Hall, 14th Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y. 1861, p. 102, 20th Rep.) 1867,, p)20,.21. Pal. IN. Y. vol: iv; pp. 392;.393: Type, Zerebratula rectirostra, Hall. Fossil in the Devonian of New York. This genus has hitherto been confounded with Centronella, Billings, from which it would now appear to be quite different. Subgenus WALDHEIMIA. Shell globose, neural beak more or less produced; foramen complete or incomplete. Deltidia separated or united; pedun- culated; a ridge or septum usually existing in the hzmal valve. Mouth behind the brachia, which consist of two lateral lobes and a central spiral lobe. 108 AMERICAN JOURNAL Fig. 6. Neural valve of Waldheimia flavescens. f, foramen ; ¢, teeth; d, del- tidium; a, single adductor scar; 7, cardinal muscle scar; x, accessory muscle scar; p, pedicel muscle scar; z, pedicel attachment. Fig. 7. Hemal valve of the same. j, cardinal process; ¢/, dental sockets ; p, hinge plate; s, septum ; c, crura; /, neural loop; m, adductor scars, Figs. 8 and 9. Side and neural views of the animal of Waldheimia flavescens in the shell. Type. Waldheimia flavescens. T. flavescens, Val. apud Lam., Anim. sans Vert. v, vii, p. 830. Rve., Conch. Iconica, pl. i and pl. ii a, b. Terebratula dentata, Val. Terebratula australis, Q. and G. Terebratula recurva, Q. and G. Waldheimia australis, King, Mon. Perm. Foss. p. 145. Da- vids. Int. Br. Foss. Brach. p. 65, pl. vi, fig. 9, 10. Hab. Australia. Smithsonian Cab. 17814. Most of the specimens of this species are radiately ribbed ; some, however, are quite smooth, especially the smaller speci- mens. In the latter the foramen is barely complete. There are con- siderable variations in the amount of inflation, and the form va- ries from ovate to transverse. OF CONCHOLOGY. 109 WALDHEIMIA VENOSA, Sol. Plate viii, fig. 8 and 11. Anomia venosa, Sol. MSS. Mus. Banks. Dixon’s Voy. p. 3055, pl. xi, 1788. Dav., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xx, p. 81—83. Terebratula globosa, Lam., An. s. Vert. v, vii, p. 330. Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. ii. fig. 3 a, b, ¢, pl. vi, fig. 3d, e. Jour. de Conchyl. 1861, p. 122. Terebratula californica, Sby., Auct. (non Koch). Waldheimia dilatata, Lam., Rve., Conch. Ic. pl. ii, fig. 2, pl. vi, fig. 2 b, 2 ¢. Terebratula Gaudichaudi, Blainville (teste Rve). Waldheimia physema, Val., Rve., Conch. Ie. vi, fig. 25 a, b, c. Terebratula eximia, Philippi (teste Rve.) Terebratula Kochi, Kust., Conch. Cab. Ter ee Fontaineana, D’Orb., Voy. Am. Mer. v. p. 675, No. (82 5ax, ple so, fig. 30,30. Hab. ee Harbor, Tierra del Fuego. U. 8S. Ex. Ex. Smithsonian Cabinet, 17,815. Of the shells submitted to Mr. Reeve for examination, col- lected by the U. 8. Exploring Expedition, fifteen specimens were returned by him under this name. Externally they presented no differences among themselves except in size and coloration. An examination of the apophyses showed that, of the whole num- ber of specimens, three belonged to a different genus, while ten retained no remains of the apophyses. The latter, probably, and the two perfect specimens, certainly, were correctly determined. This shell does not agree with Sowerby’s description as given in the Br. Mus. Cat. p. 59. In all the specimens examined except one the foramen was complete; in that one a slight fissure existed, seemingly the re- sult of erosion. This character, however, is by no means to be relied upon, as it is not constant in many of the species. The apophyses are very slender and narrow, a breath almost being sufficient to destroy them. ‘The cardinal process is very prominent, and terminates in two rounded knobs. The beautiful red, vein-like markings, present in most of the specimens, are simply the remains of the ovaria. They are en- tirely composed of animal matter, and may be washed eiitirely away with water. Hence they cannot be relied upon as a diag- nostic, though much more permanent than the remainder of the animal matter. The form of the shell varies from elongate oval to nearly circular, with or without an anterior flexure. 110 AMERICAN JOURNAL WALDHEIMIA CRANIUM, Mull. Terebratula cranium, Mull., Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 209. Rve., Conch. Icon. pl iii, fig. 6. Journ. de Conchyl. 1861, p. 123. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. ii, p. 11, v, p. 163. Terebratula vitrea, Flem. (non Born.) Lerebratula subvitrea, Leach (teste Rve.) Lerebratula glabra, Leach, Brit. Moll. p. 359, pl. xiv, fig. 3, 4, 5. Macandrevia cranium, King. Hab.—Norway, McAndrew, Smithsonian Cab., 13,979. The foramen of this species is incomplete, and the area very small. The loop is deeply reflected and of extreme tenuity. The shells vary in their different stages of growth from lenticular to ovate globose. Prof. King, whose perception of differences of structure is re- markably keen, separated this species from Waldheimia, under | the name of Macandrevia, on account of the absence of the septum and flat central lamina of the hinge plate, in the hemal valve, and the want of the laminz which support the teeth, in the neural valve of the typical species, as well as the incomplete foramen. I have shown elsewhere in this paper that the foramen may be complete or incomplete in the same species, that the dental laminze of the neural valve may also be present or absent in the same species (e. g. Laqueus suffusus), that the mesial septum may be found in some species of a genus and not in others, that in some species the dental lamin may be absent in the neural valve while the central lamina of the hinge plate is still to be found in the heemal valve (e. g. W. Raphaelis) and, therefore, I cannot consider the structure in question as of even subgeneric value.* WALDHEIMIA GRAYI, Dav. W. Grayi, Dav., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 76, pl. xiv, fig. 1, 2,3. Rve., Conch. Iconica pl. ii, fig. 5, a, b, c. Journ. de Conchyl. 1861, p. 128. Cpr., Suppl. Rep. Br. Assoc. 1868, p. 686. Cooper, Geogr. Cat. Moll. 1867, p. 3. Hab. Catalina Id., Coop. Corea, Belcher. Monterey, Dall. Smithsonian Cabinet, 401, Cp.; 1651. This a good deal resembles Kraussina capensis externally. The red bands of color in this fine species are sometimes ab- sent. In such cases it is impossible to distinguish it from varie- *Mr. W. G. Binney (Inv. Mass. 2d ed. p. 211), has placed this species in the family Rhynchonellide !! OF CONCHOLOGY. vali ties of Terebratella caurina, Gld., except by the apophyses, which are not attached, and by the absence of aseptum. The foramen is usually larger in this species, in proportion to the size of the shell, and the hinge line usually more curved, but these differences are inconstant. The deltidia in the largest specimen are firmly united, in three or four others they are widely separated. The blood of this species is red. This species has been termed Hudesia Grayi by some authors, but as the plaits, which were the characters upon which the genus Hudesia (type Wald. cardium, Val.,) was founded, are inconstant characters and by no means of generic value, I cannot consider the plaited species as sufficiently distinct to deserve separation from the other species of the genus. WALDHEIMIA RAPHAELIS, n. s. Plate vii, fig. a, b, ¢, d. Hab. Japanese coast near Yeddo, R. Pumpelly. Smith- sonian Cabinet, 11786. Shell ovate, truncate anteriorly; beak recurved, produced, somewhat pointed. Foramen complete, moderate; area large, ill defined; deltidia united, moderate. Neural valve smooth, obsoletely marked with lines of growth. Anterior edge doubly emarginate, with the median portion somewhat produced; with corresponding median emargination and double lateral prolonga- tion of the anterior margin of the hemal valve. The lateral margins of both are nearly straight. The hinge-line is greatly arched; there are no plate-like dental supports; the shape of the muscular impressions on the neural valve is best shown by the figure. They are proportion- ately smaller than in W. flavescens. The hinge plate of the hemal valve is broad and somewhat excavated between the median line and the hinge teeth. The plate forms a triangular table, so to speak, which lies flat on the posterior part of the septum. The cardinal process is rhomboidal and stout. The loop is very broad in the reflected portion ; the crura are slender, sharply pointed, and strongly curved at the tips. The septum is about half as long as the valve. The color of the shell is a somewhat deep brown with a slight rufous tinge. Externally the valves are conspicuously and regu- larly punctate. The punctures are of an oval shape outside, and smaller, more distant, and circular within. This species differs widely from all described recent forms. It is named in honor of the collector, Prof. Raphael Pumpelly, the indefatigable geologist, who has added so much to our knowl- edge of Japan. The other recent species of this group are: 112 AMERICAN JOURNAL Waldheimia lenticularis, Desh., ‘Mag. Zool. 1841, pl. xl. Hab. Strait of Fauveau, New Zealand. Waldheimia picta, Chemn., Sby. Thes. Conch. vii, p. 361, pl. 70, fig. 48, 44. Hab. Java, Japan. Waldheimia septigera, Lovén, Index Moll. Scandin, 1846, p. 29. Hab. Norway; Japan. Waldheimia floridana, Pourt., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 7, p- 127. Hab. West Indies; Florida coast. Subgenus MEGANTERIS, Suess. Meganteris, Suess., (not Hall) Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Klas. Math. XViii, 1856, #7 bf, “pli, figs. 1, 2, 8, °5, 16 and pl mt figs. 3a, 3b, (M7. Arehiaci). Shell orbiculate, somewhat compressed, nearly equivalve. Area of neural valve small, apex inconspicuous, minutely fora- minated, punctate. Deltidia small, wide, united. Cardinal, process prominent, with a V-shaped process near the apex for the insertion of the cardinal muscles, sulcated on each side, with the base excavated. Cardinal border broad, wide, rugose. Loop essentially as in Waldheimia, but with very long crura, the main stems of the apophyses being given off at a sharp angle with the crura, reflected abruptly and the posterior part of the reflected loop behind and below the crura. There is a faint mesial septum in the hemal valve. Type Meganteris archiact, Suess. Plate viii, fig. 12, 12a. Fossil in the Devonian of the Hisel. ? Section STRINGOCEPHALIN A, Day. Stringocephalide, Day., 1851, Int. Brit. Brach. p. 73. Loop attached to the crura by their neural edges ¢ Genus STRINGOCEPHALUS. Stringocephalus, Dav., (emend) Int. Brit. Brach. p. 78, 1851. Strigocephalus, Defr. Dict. Hist. Nat. Vol. li, p. 102, pl. 75, fig, 1, la, 182i. Fig. 10. Fig. 10. Young paet 4 nat. size. h, hinge area; 6, deltidium; p, pseudo- deltidium. Animal unknown, pedunculated. Foramen large, triangular OF CONCHOLOGY.. 113 in the young; small and oval in the adult ; deltidium composed of three elements. Neural valve with a pointed apex and a well developed septum. Heemal valve with a very prominent cardinal process, forked at the extremity (to receive the edge of the neural septum), provided with a mesial septum. The lower por- tion of the hinge plate supports the crura of the loop in the shape of two flattened lamella, which,.after proceeding with a slight upward curve to near the extremity of the septum, are suddenly reflected and again approach the sockets before sweep- ing submarginally around in the form of a large wide loop, from the inner edge of which a number of smaller lamelle branch off and converge. Fig. 11. Heemal valve of Stringocephalus Burtini. Fig. 12. Profile of shell of same. a, adductor scar; 7, cardinal process; p, hinge plate; s, hemal septum; vs, neural septum; ¢, dental sockets. Type Stringocephalus Burtini, Defr., Woodw. Man. Ree. and Foss. Shells p. 222, figs. 180, 131, pl. xv, fig. 18. With regard to the position of this genus in the arrangement, I must dissent entirely from the opinion of M. Suess., who places it in the vicinity of Megathyris. The reflection of the apophyses from the neural edge of the crura (if correctly restored) is a remarkable feature, and the most casual examination of the loop of Megathyris will show that it is totally different, the reflection in the last named genus being from the outer and hemal side of the crura, as in all the other genera of the Terebratulide, which possess a loop. ‘The lamella, which have occasionally been noted on the inner edge of the loop of Megathyris are features of the most trivial nature, and analogous instances are found in other species belonging to totally different genera, for instance Terebratella pectunculus, 114 AMERICAN JOURNAL Schloth., Dav. An. of Nat. Hist. 1850, pl. xv, figs. 5, a, b. The structure of Stringocephalus, while sufficiently distinct to de- serve a section to itself, is most nearly allied to that of the sep- tate Waldheimias, near which I have placed it. Stringocephalus, according to Mr. Davidson, has only been found in strata of the Devonian age. Messrs. White and St. John have provisionally indicated a new form under the name of Cryptacanthia, (Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., i. p. 119, 1868,) which presents some analogies with Stringocephalus, Waldheimia and Terebratulina. ‘The loop seems to be essentially like that of Waldheimia in form, but the crura of the loop appear to be joined, * * * and the loop- band is armed with numerous spines which point outward toward the shell (?) in all directions,” W. and St. J. loc. cit. It can- not be determined from this description whether the spines are directed toward the margin or the body of one of the valves, but it affords another argument against affiliating Stringocephalus - with Megathyris from the mere presence of such appendages. Type Waldhetmia? compacta, W.and St. J. ‘Tr. Chic. Acad. per LL. prlto, fie: 3. a,b; cc. Section MAGASIN A. Magasina, Gray, B. M. Cat., p. 85, 1853. Loop reflected, attached both to the hinge margin and to the septum of the hzmal valve. Genus TEREBRATELLA. Apophyses with their hemal arms connected with the septum popay I by two (septal) processes. Subgenus TRIGONOSEMUS. Trigonosemus, Konig, Icon. Sect. 1825, p. 5, f. 73. (Z” ele gans). Fissurirostra, D’Orbigny, Pal. Fran. Cret. p. 183, fig. 520. (Ff. recurva), 1847. Fissirostra, D’Orb., Cours. El. Pal., p. 89, 1849. Shell with produced curved beak or umbo in the neural yalve ; a minute apical foramen; a large triangular area, flat and marked by the outline of the flat deltidium; cardinal process very prominent. Loop as in Terebratella. Type Trigonosemus elegans, Konig. Fossil in the Cret. I can only concur with Mr. Davidson in considering this sec ’ OF CONCHOLOGY. 115 tion as not entitled to generic rank. It may be as well to re- tain it for the group it indicates, in a subgeneric sense, as It 18 prior to Terebratella. ? Subgenus Lyra. Lyra, Cumb., Sby. Min. Conch., 1816, (LZ. Meadi). Terebrirostra, D’Orb., Pal. Fran. Cret. iv, p. 146, 1847. (7. lyra), Dav., Brit. Fos. Brach., p. 67. Trigonosemus, (part), Konig, (teste Dav.) Waldheimia, (part), Gray, Cat. Brach., p. 82. Shell having the back of the neural valve very long, almost straight, with a false area and narrow deltidium; divided length- wise internally by the dental plates; truncated and perforate at the extremity. Loop unknown. Type Lyra Meadii, Cumberland. Foss. Cretaceous. D’Orbigny, Davidson and Woodward seem inclined to place this subgenus under Terebratella, as having the loop attached to the septum; while Gray places it as a section of Waldheimia. This group had also better be retained for the same reasons given in regard to Trigonosemus. Subgenus TEREBRATELLA, D’Orb. Terebratella, D’Orb., Pal. Fran. Ter. Cret., vol. iv, p. 110, 1847. Dav. Int. Brit. Brach., p. 65, (7. dorsata). 2 2 Delthyridea, McCoy, Syn. Carb. Foss. Ir., p. 180, 1844, fig. 27. Delthyris, Menke, (not Dalman or v. Buch,) Syn., ed. 11, p. 96, (D. dorsata, Lam.), 1830. Shell with a moderate beak on the neural valve; usually truncate and somewhat recurved, fixed by a peduncle passing through the foramen. The latter is usually incomplete and the deltidia consequently separated. An indistinct ridge or septum sometimes exists in the neural valve. Brachia composed of two lateral loops, the posterior limbs of which meet behind the mouth and the anterior before it. The central spiral lobe is obsolete or entirely absent. This section contains the typical forms of the genus and al- most all the recent species. The fossil representatives range from the Cretaceous upwards. The diagnosis of Delthyridea, as far as external characters go, would well agree with such species as 7. caurina, but according to Mr. Davidson no type was given by Prof. McCoy, and his figure is unrecognizable. Dr. Gray gives J’. pectiniformis as 116 AMERICAN JOURNAL McCoy’s type; it is-also one of the types of Dalman’s trouble- some genus Lhynchora and is placed by Gray in the subgenus Lyra (Cumb. 1816). Dalman’s first species of Delthyris was D. elevatus, a true Spirifer of the Silurian age. Menke quotes the name Delthyris with its proper synonyms and gives Terebratula dorsata and T. caput serpentis as examples. But, since neither of these species was included in Dalman’s list of Delthyrides, the reference of Menke could not be construed so as to allow of the application of Delthyris as a generic name to either of the two species he cites. Hence Delthyris, Menke, must stand as a synonym of Terebratella, while Delthyris, Dalman, bears the same relation to Spirifer. Fig. 13. Terebratella dorsata, heemal valve, showing apophyses. Type TEREBRATELLA DORSATA, Lam. Anomia striata magellanica, Chemn. Conch. Cab. v. vili, p. LOD pl 71.8, fig LO, Td. Terebratula Magellanica, Rve., Conch. Iec., pl. v, fig. 21, a, b, ed. J. de Conchyl. 1361, .p. 127. Terebratula dorsata, Lam., An. Sans. Vert. v. vii, 1819, p. 331. Anomia dorsata, Gmel. 1788, S. N. 3348. Terebratula Chilensis, Brod., P. Z. 8. 1836, 184. Terebratella Sowerbyi, King, Zool. Journ. v, p. 338. Terebratula bilobata et pectinata, Blainy., Teste Rev. Journ. de Conchy. 1861, p. 127. Delthyris dorsata, Mke., Syn. Kd. 2, 1830, p. 96. Hab. Coasts of Chili southward to the Straits of Magellan. Smithsonian Cab. 17822, 17815. As Chemnitz was not a binomial writer, his name cannot be retained. From the specimens and descriptions at hand I can only agree with Reeve in uniting the above synonyms under the name of dorsata. Of six specimens received from Mus, Cuming, under this name, two were Terebratellas ; the remainder belonged to the genus Magas. TT’. transversa, Sby., probably belongs to this species. OF CONCHOLOGY. 117 TEREBRATELLA CRUENTA, Dillwyn. Anomia cruenta, Dillw., Syn. p. 295, 1817. Terebratula rubra, Sby., Thes. Conch. pl. xviii, fig. 9—11. Terebratula zelandica, Desh., 1830, Mag. Zool. pl. 42, 1841. Sby., Thes. vii, p. 861, p. Ixxii, fig. 111, 113. Terebratula zelandica, Dav., An. N. H., p. 867, 1852. Terebratula sanguinea, Leach, Zool. Miscell., pl. 76. Lam. An. Sans. Vert. vi, p. 243. Donovan. Nat. Repos., pl. d4. Hab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming). Smithsonian Cabinet, 17,828. Some odd valves, named by Mr. Cuming, of this species (?) have absolutely nothing to distinguish them from varieties of the next species. TEREBRATELLA RUBICUNDA, Sol. Anomia rubicunda, Sol. MSS. Mus. Banks. Terebratula rubicunda, Donovan, Nat. Rep. pl. 56, fig. 2—4. Sby., Thes. Conch. vil, p. 351, pl. 70, fig. 45—47. Day. An. Nat. Hist. p. 367, 1852. Terebratella rubicunda, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. vii, fig. 27 a, b. Journ. de Conchyl. 1861, p. 129. Terebratula inconspicua, Sby. (testa juvenis fide Rve.), Thes. Conch. vii, p. 309, pl. 71, fig. 102—104. Hab. New Zealand. U. 8. Exploring Exp. Smithsonian Cabinet, 17,824. Among a large number of specimens of this species, obtained by the naturalists of the Exploring Expedition, great variations may be observed. Some of them are smooth and polished; others rude, coarsely striated with the lines of growth or radiating strie. The foramen is small and complete, with a wide and solid deltidium ; while in others, of the same size, the foramen is large, incomplete, and the deltidia widely separated. Some are nearly twice as long as wide, others wider than long. Some are distinctly trilobed, others are ovate and smooth. The mesial ridge in the neural valve is usually present. Some of the spe- cimens appeared absolutely identical with valves sent, as of the last species, from Mus. Cuming. TEREBRATELLA PULVINATA, Gld. Terebratula pulvinata, Gld., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Dec. 1850. Exp. Sh. p. 468, pl. 44, fig. 581. Waldheimia pulvinata, Gld., Otia Conch. (emend) p. 97, 1862. ) 118 AMERICAN JOURNAL Cpr., Sup. Rep. Br. Assoc. 1864, p. 636. Suess, Wohns. i, p- 20, 1859. Terebratella * pulvinata, Cpr., Check List West Coast Shells, June, 1860. Waldheimia pulvinata, Cooper, Geog. Cat. p. 8, No. 4, 1867. Hab. Orange Harbor Tierra del Fuego. ‘‘ Oregon” U.S. Ex- ploring Exp. Smithsonian Cabinet (type) 5963, 17,813 (part). On examining the apophyses of the type, which opened widely enough for this to be readily done, it was at once evident that this species is a typical Terebratella. With regard to the habitat an error has been perpetuated. Among the specimens of W. venosa, Sol., known to be from Orange Harbor, Patagonia, were two evidently belonging to the genus Terebratella. One of them was attached by its peduncle to a specimen of the Waldheimia. The other was free. At first, as no other recent . species was found to agree with it, it was supposed to be unde- scribed; but, on comparing it with the (heretofore) unique type of 7. pulvinata, their identity was at once evident. The Orange Harbor specimens agreed in every particular, except that the type was a little more dusky in color. The foramen, general form, apophyses, and punctate structure were precisely similar. One was a little larger and the other a little smaller than the type. Dr. Carpenter, in his Report (1863) to the British Association, tabulates it from Puget Sound on the authority of Expl. Ex. and Kennerly. The remark in the text below—‘‘80 fms. living, Cooper, Catalina Ids.’’—on the authority of Ur. Cooper refers to the 7’. californica, the next following species in the text, and not to 7. pulvinata. Dr. Kennerly’s specimens are not to be found, and I am inclined to believe that they might have been the smooth variety of cawrina, or worn valves of some other species, perhaps coreaniea. At any rate, the only definite locality which we have for this species is Orange Harbor, and it is improbable that the same species occurs in both Patagonia and Oregon. The habitat as- signed by Dr. Cooper in his Geog. Cat. of ‘Puget Sound to Arctic Sea” is gratuitous, as no specimens have been obtained from north of Paget Sound, and, as the foregoing remarks indi- cate, probably none north of Patagonia. This species is only distinguishable from young JW. venosa by the apophyses. Ihave been unable to detect any constant external differences. There are no specimens of this species in the collections known OF CONCHOLOGY. 119 to me, in San Francisco; indeed I am only aware of the type and the two other specimens just mentioned. TEREBRATELLA CAURINA, Gld.—Plate 6, fig. 1, 2, 3. Terebratula caurina, Gld., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ili, Dec. 1850. Exped. Shells, p. 468, pl. 44, fig. 582. Terebratella caurina, Gld. (emend), Otia Conch. p. 97, April, 11862: '*) Cpr.,’ Check | Listi W. C:' Shells, p..i 1. Cpr: Suppl. Rep. Brit. Assoc. p. 656, 1864. Cooper, Geog. Cat. p. 8, No. 8, 1867. Suess, Wohns. i, p. 25, 1859. Hab. Puget Sound to Sitka. Swan. Dall. Smithsonian Cab- inet, 5964 (type), 18,619, 3368, 4177, 4538, 11,785, 11,787. This species was abundantly obtained at low water mark, ad- hering to the under surface of large stones and to each other, at Sitka, Alaska Territory. Some young shells, perhaps of this species, were dredged off the peninsula of Aliaska. Puget Sound and Neeah Bay have also furnished specimens. The very large number of specimens thus obtained afforded an unusually good opportunity for forming a correct idea of the amount of variation possible in a single species. It is a typical Terebratella, as the apophyses, which are well preserved in the type, show. The latter is a small and quite regular specimen, with an ill- defined broad mesial ridge in the neural, and depression in the heemal, valve. It has about fourteen subequal radiating ridges, the area broad, hinge line nearly straight, deltidia widely separated, foramen incomplete, large, overshadowed by the sharply pointed apex of the neural valve, which is not truncate and resembles the neural apex of Rhynchonella. It is of a grayish ash color, °6 of an inch wide and °d long. The examination of sixty specimens from Sitka gave the fol- lowing range of variation : Greatest width, 1:8 inch. Greatest height, 1-7 inch. Diam- eter of most inflated specimen, 1:2 inch. The most transverse specimen measured 1:8 inch wide by 1:2 inch long. The most produced specimen measured ‘7 inch long by -4 inch wide. The most compressed specimen was °35 inch diameter by 1:25 wide and ‘75 long. The colors were usually of a deep crimson mixed with yellow, quite different from the bright color of 7. coreanica, and W. Grayi; but they varied from light ashy yellow to a very dark livid purple, and the epidermis from clay color to blackish brown. The color was sometimes stronger on the lines of growth 120 AMERICAN JOURNAL externally, while the interior was nearly white; while in others the whole substance of the shell was evenly suffused with color, inside and out. The incomplete foramen appears to be a constant character, though the degree of approximation of the deltidia varies a good deal. ‘The area is almost always strongly marked and nearly smooth. ‘The lines of growth are usually strong and often im- bricated, especially when the radiating ribs are strong. The hinge line is normally nearly straight, and recalls Spirifer, but in some adult and many immature specimens is very much arched. The sinuosity of the margin caused by the broad neu- ral mesial ridge is generally present, but varies very much in degree, and is sometimes «almost evanescent. When the ribs are strong the margins are crenulated, and vice versa. The number of ribs in an adult specimen is from thirty to forty. They vary very much in prominence. Some specimens have none at all; others have half the shell smooth and half ribbed. | Some are ribbed only on the umbones; others only near the margin. One specimen, which taken alone would certainly have been considered distinct, is smooth, pink, with a prominent apex, and short, bifurcating, varicose, impressed lines scattered over the surface, a sharp carina on the neural and a correspond- ing groove on the heemal valve. The shell is always thick, solid and strong, even in the smallest specimens. The form presents every possible variation from longitudinally oval to quadrispherically transverse. Many are unsymmetrical, and most of them are overgrown with polyzoa, serpulz, and corallines. The peduncle is very short and stout. The apophyses are extremely delicate and fragile, and un- usually small in proportion to the shell. The reflected portion of the loop is very short, and the whole of the skeleton is broader in proportion than in any other species known to me. ‘The sep- tum is very small and triangular, it diminishes on each side from the point of attachment of the loop processes and is evanescent in the umbo of the hemal valve. The most elevated point is midway between the cardinal process and the anterior margin. The cardinal process is inconspicuous. An indication of an ob- scure mesial ridge may sometimes be seen in the neural valve. The interior of the shell is sometimes a little perlaceous, but it is usually without lustre. The punctures are smaller, more circular and fewer in number than in 7. pulvinata. An examination of the young shells, only about *2 in. in extreme width, showed some interesting points.* ‘I'he septum is calcified very early and is * From the study of these immature forms I have come to the conclu- sion that the genus founded by Prof. King ou Terebratula capsula, Jeff., OF CONCHOLOGY. 121 thick, prominent, bifurcate at its extremity, and serrated on its anterior edge. ‘The bifurcation is the first indication of the septal processes which are the last to be calcified, and when the extremely thin hzmal processes are yet incomplete the young shell closely resembles a Magas. In the beak of the neural valve just inside the foramen is a very prominent thin lamina or septum which half closes the foramien. In the adult the mus- cular system is not largely developed. The pedicel muscles are the strongest. ‘The cardinals are slender and their bases are spread over a wide extent of the neural valve, but the muscular impressions are imperceptible. The adductors are small and slender. The brachia follow the lateral loops of the apophyses and cross below the mouth on the reflected portion and the septal processes. ‘There is no central spiral lobe. The fringes are in a single row, flattened and extremely thin; in an adult they are about ‘13 in. long. They are much more slender than in Terebratulina or Megerlia. When fully extended they are far from the margin of the valves. ‘The mouth is circular, situated between the adductors. The visceral part of the system is pro- tected by a thin tough membrane. The color of the animal is reddish or brownish, the ovaria vary in the same way. ‘The peri- visceral fluid is of a reddish-yellow color. The umbones of both valves are generally eroded by contact with stones. ‘The animal seemed to have the power of turning half around on its peduncle at will. TEREBRATELLA COREANICA, Ad. and Rve. Terebratula coreanica, Adams and Reeve, Voy. Lam. 1850, DP. AL pl. KX, fir or) live. (Conch. lc. vii, tig, 26, ae D. Terebratula miniata, Gld., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1861, p- 823. Suess., Vienna Acad. 1859, p. 206. Terebratella coreanica, Dav., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 367. Schrenck, R. v. Amurl. 1867, p. 468. Rve., Journ. de cannot be accepted until further information is obtained. The same may be said with regard to Waltonza (Valenciennesez) Dav. The latter genus has been withdrawn by the author, and the specific name rather hastily applied to the mature form described by the same gentleman (in the P. Z. Sov. 1852, p. 77, pl. xiv, fig. 7-9,) as Terebratella Evansiw. While it is not impossible that the two are identical, still it would seem unneces- sary to reject a name applied to a mature and unmistakable species for one given to a young shell which could hardly be identified without the aid of a very large series of individuals of various ages. ‘The references ate as follows : Gwynia (capsula Jeffreys) King, Proc. Dub. Univ. Zool. and Bot. Assoc. Vol. i, 1859, p. 258, fig. 1 to 5. Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. x, fig. 39. Waltonia (Valencrennesiz) Dav., An. Nat. Hist. 1850, p. 475. Ib. 1852, p- 372. Gray, B. M. Cat. p.101. Dav., An. Nat. Hist. 1861, p. 38. 122 AMERICAN JOURNAL Conchyl. 1861, p. 129. Cpr., Sup. Rep. p. 656, 1864. Coop. Geogr. Cat. 1867, p. 3, No. 7. - Hab. Corea, Belcher, N. Japan Seas, Schrenck. ? Neeah Bay, Swan. Smithsonian Cabinet, ¢ 15,598. Dr. Carpenter has marked on the tablet of a worn and broken neural valve ‘ 7. coreanica var. frontalis, Midd.,’’ Neeah Bay, Swan. On comparison with figures, | am disposed to refer the valve, which though worn smooth, still retains some slight traces of strive; to W. Grayi, Day., which has a very large foramen, while both Reeve and Schrenck figure coreanica as with a small complete foramen. Middendorf’s 7. frontalis is undoubtedly a Terebratella, but, assuming the correctness of his figures and descriptions, I can see no reason for uniting frontalis with coreanica, or indeed with any other species with which I am acquainted. It seems to be remarkably distinct and belongs to a different fauna from core- | anica. The young state of the latter, according to Schrenck, is of a uniform reddish color (var. concolor) while the adult is ra- diated with red (var. radiata); the former is mniata, Gld., the latter the typical coreanica. TEREBRATELLA, — ?—Plate 6, fig. 4. ? Terebratella suffusa, Rve., Conch. Ic. pl. v, fig 18. Journ. de Conchyl. 1861, p. 128. Hab. “2? Cape of Good Hope, Ex. Ex.” Smithsonian Cabinet 5110. A single specimen, which resembles Reeve’s suffusa as figured in the Conch. Icon., exists in the Smithsonian Cabinet, and is doubtfully marked as from the Cape. It differs from suffusa, as described by Reeve, in wanting the suffusion, being of a light yet rather warm brown; in the deltidia being more widely di- vided, perhaps because it is an older shell than Reeve’s type; and finally in having a flexuous margin and faint depression near the middle of the margin of the hemal valve. This, how- ever, is not noticeable in the younger portion of the shell. I am inclined to regard them as identical, and in order that some one, who may be able to examine Reeve’s type, can settle the point I add a description and figure of the loop, which Reeve has not described. The crura are small, slender, short and acute. The loop pro- cesses are exceedingly slender, mere threads in fact, and roundly deflected outward at first; bending inward just before the neural bend, they give off two moderately broad septal processes which meet each other at the end of the septum with an angle of 60° OF CONCHOLOGY. 123 (not at right angles to the septum and behind its end, as in 7’. dorsata or chilensis). The main processes are then deflected neurally, and the extreme “‘bight’”’ of the loop is straight and somewhat angulated at each side. The perforations externally are moderate, arranged in quincunx order, smaller and more regular than in 7’. dorsata, which is its nearest analogue. The species appear to me to be perfectly distinct from any other described Terebratella. ‘ The other recent species are: Terebratella frontalis, Midd. Malac. Rossica, iii, p. 2. Sib., Reise. Bd. ii, p. 241, pl. xviii, fig. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. Hab. South coast of the Ochotsk. Terebratella rubella, Sby., Thes. Con. v, i, p. 550, pl. 69, f. 40, 41,42. Hab. Japan. Some little confusion attaches to this species on account of its outward similarity to Waldheimia picta, Chemn. sp. from Java and Ismenia sanguinea, Chemn. sp. (+ sanguinolenta, Gm., + erythroleuca, Quoy, + pulchella, Sby.,) from the Philippmes and the Sandwich Islands. ' Terebratella Bouchardit, Dav., P. Z. 8S. 1852, p. 77, pl. xiv, fig. 4to6. Hab. ? This species somewhat resembles 7’. fron- talis, which in Middendorf’s figures seems to have lost the delti- dia. Terebratella Labradorensis, Sby., Thes. Conch. vii, p. 362, pl. T1, fig. 89,90. Hab. Coast of Labrador. Terebratella Marie, A. Ad., An. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 412. Hab. Japan. Subgenus Laqueus, Dall. Shell with the reflected portion of the loop attached by slen- der processes, on each side, to the hzemal processes, at or near the points where the two septal processes branch off to the septum. Foramen complete. It will be observed that the reflected part of the loop is attached by the two (lateral) processes, not to the septum nor to the septal processes, but to the hzemal portions of the loop, (which I have termed hzemal processess); thus the two septal processes, the two lateral processes, and the “‘bight”’ of the neural loop, form a somewhat sinuous ring, intersected by the point of the septum, the hemal processes and the two sides of the neural loop. Type. Laqueus californicus, Koch sp. Plate T, fig. f, pl. 8, fig. 9, 10. Terebratula californica, Koch, Kuster, Nov. Ed. Martini, viii, 124 AMERICAN JOURNAL pl. 26, fig: 21, 22, 23 (?). Sby., Thes. Conch. vii, 352, pl. lii, fig. 50, 51, 52. Waldheimia californica, Gray, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 60, No. 8. Opr. Sup. Rep. Br. Assoc. p. 568 & 636. Cooper, Geogr. Cat. p. 3, No. 5. Not Zerebratula californica, Auct., = W. venosa, Sol. Hab. California. Catalina Island, 80 fms. Cooper. Smith- sonian Cabinet, 19,395, Cp. 1098. Shell oval, thin, inflated, pale at the umbones, elsewhere of a light reddish brown, darker toward the margin; perforations large,, oval, crowded, arranged in quincunx order externally ; minute circular, very close together, internally. Margin straight, without perceptible curve or sinuation, slightly angular at the anterior edge, giving a very slight appear- ance of truncation. Valves nearly equally inflated. Beak of the neural valve small, recurved, obliquely truncated. Foramen small, entire, apical; the carination of the edge of the false area encroaches on the perforation in a triangular point on each side. False area small, narrow, smooth, roundly carinated at the edge. Deltidia very short and wide, united. Lon., 1:9 in.; lat., 1-6 in.; diameter, 1:2 in.; height of neural apex above the opposite umbo, ‘15 in.; diameter of foramen, -1 in. Peduncle very short and stout. Teeth of the neural valve short and stout. Hinge line very slightly emarginate (for the cardinal process) beneath the umbo, otherwise gently rounded. ‘Teeth supported by shelly plates beneath the hinge line. Cavity of the apex infundibulate. Out of this cavity proceed two strong, but not prominent, ridges, which radiate toward the angles of the ante- rior edge of the margin, but become evanescent before passing the central third of the shell. Between these ridges are two others, one on each side, close to the median line, shorter and less prominent than the first. There are faint indications of others outside the two first mentioned, and these ridges, except the first two, are variable in different individuals. Cardinal pro- cess very inconspicuous. Cardinal plate broadly pentagonal, centrally depressed. Septum not prominent, diminishing in height from the edge of the plate forwards, and not extending more than half the length of the shell; point of attachment of the apo- physes quite close to the plate. Apophyses start from the ante- rior angles of the plate and give off two curved slender crura; the hzemal processes are very slender ; septal processes still more so; reflected portion quite broad, somewhat angulated behind, giving off two broad, thin lateral processes, which are attached to the inner edge of the hzmal processes at the point from which OF CONCHOLOGY. 125 the septal processes are extended to the septum. There is no flat top to the latter, such as is seen in Ter. dorsata, effusa and cau- rind. This magnificent species was long confounded with W. venosa. The septum and characteristic portion of the apophyses were so far back that it was only by separating the valves that the peculiar character of the loop could be certainly determined. It is readily distinguished from W. venosa by the want of the prominent car- dinal process so evident in that species, different color, the small foramen, and sharply cut cardinal area. LAQUEUS SUFFUSUS, n. sp.? Plate 7, fig. g, h, s. | 2 2? Terebratella rubella, Sby., Thes. v,i, p. 350, pl. 69. Hab. Wharf at Yokohama, Japan. R. Pumpelly. Smithso- nian Cabinet, 11,784. Shell small, ashy white, with occasionally a tinge of salmon color on the strongest lines of growth, smooth, almost polished ; solid and moderately thick ; lines of growth moderately conspicu- ous at intervals, but rounded and hardly interrupting the smooth- ness Of theshell. Punctures smaller, less widely separated, and more circular, on the exterior, than in the last species; internally extremely minute. lLon., ‘72 in.; lat., °52 in.; diam., ‘3+ in. The specific characters are best indicated by comparing it with the last species, from the young of which it differs in many par- ticulars, more especially in being very much less transverse, more solid, with a much narrower and longer deltidium, more arched hinge line, and very much stronger and heavier hinge teeth. Leaving out the question of size, it differs from the adult cali- fornica in the following particulars: The hinge teeth are more solid, and the plates which support them are usually solid masses of callus, occasionally showing a projecting knob below the teeth, and continuous with the remainder of the shell, instead of having an indentation behind each plate. There are no excavations under the hinge plate as in the last species ; the plate is narrower, more excavated above and more solid. The septum falls away behind the point where the septal processes are attached before rising to the hinge plate. The point of attachment of the septum is much nearer the middle of the shell than in the californica. Finally, the apo- physes in this species are, proportionately, twice as solid as in the last, which is ten times its size. Of a dozen or fifteen specimens collected by Prof. Pumpelly, most had the apophyses destroyed by insects, which had eaten the animal matter; but four or five remained perfect, displaying 126 AMERICAN JOURNAL the peculiar loop. But little variation was noticed among them, which consisted principally in the greater or less inflation of the valves, and the absence or presence of the dental lamine. Some were slightly more transverse than others, but as a whole they were remarkably uniform. The most transverse individual measured *62 in by ‘72 long, and :225 diameter. The most compressed measured ‘50 in. wide by ‘70 long, and °36 diam. . REFERENCE TO PLATES.—PLATE 6 Fig. 1. Zerebratella caurina, Gld., normal; nat. size. 3. | 66 66 ‘¢ varieties; ‘ cc 4. tf suffusa, Rve.; loop. nat. size. 5. * Obolella”’ polita, Hall. Interior of neural valve, some- what reduced from Hall’s figure. 6. Same; interior of hemal valve. Fig. ©, Gh 1 So h. co OF CONCHOLOGY. 167 Obolella chromatica, Bill., from Billings. Centronella, Bill.; showing the loop. Loop of Magasella (? var.) levis, Dall.; twice nat. size. Side view of same, enlarged. . Profile of apophyses of ? Magas patagonica, Gld.; en- larged twice nat. size. Interior of hzemal valve of the same enlarged one-half. Magasella (? var.) levis, Dall.; twice nat. size. PLATE 7. Interior of neural valve of Waldheimia Raphaelis, Dall., showing muscular impressions. Interior of hemal valve of do., nat. size. Side view of Waldheimia Raphaelis, Dall. ; nat. size. Anterior view of do. Profile of loop of do., with one of the crura and part of the left hzmal process removed, to show outline of septum. Heemal valve of Laqueus californicus, showing the loop; reduced to one-half nat. size. Profile of loop of Laqueus suffusus, Dall; magnified three times, linear. Laqueus suffusus, Dall., nat. size. Interior of hemal valve of do., magnified. PLATE 8. Glottidia albida, Dall.; nat. size. ee a ‘interior of neural valve, nat. size. a, section of do. near beak, magnified. b, c, section of lamellee. Section of lamella magnified 500 diameters, showing the dark horny layers and white calcareous layers. Section of thickest part of valve, same power, showing the layers. Section of external horny layer, magnified 900 diame- ters, showing fibrous structure. AMERICAN JOURNAL 7. Epithyris elongatus, Schl., after Davidson; from a broken specimen. 8. Cardinal process of Wald. venosa. 3) af « “* Laqueus californicus. 10. Posterior view of cardinal process of L. californicus. 11. Ditto of W. venosa. 12. Side view of apophyses of Meganteris archiaci, after Suess. 12a. View of the cardinal border of the same. 13. Apophyses of Jsmenia sanguinea, enlarged. 14. Apophyses of Kingena lima, after Davidson. OF CONCHOLOGY. 169 REVIEW. Notes on Lingual Dentition of Mollusca. By W.G. Binney and Tuomas Buanp, An. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. Vol. 1X, pp. 281—294. February, 1870. BY WM. H. DALL. It is now twenty-four years since the appearance of a paper by Dr. Lovén, on the classification of the mollusca by their lin- gual dentition, marked an era in malacological science. Long before, in the days of Adanson, and even before that time, the teeth with which some of the commoner species are furnished, had been noticed by observing students, but no investigations of practical importance preceded those of Loven and 'Troschell. Since that time the progress of this branch of the science has been slow but sure; and the great advances made are only ap- parent by comparison. While the claims of some of the more enthusiastic of its early advocates have hardly been realized, yet the character of the dentition, to-day, 1s accepted by the best au- thorities as one of the most important and reliable aids to the proper classification of species and genera. In the present paper, figures are given of Succinea Nuttal- liana, Lea, Bulimulus pallidior, Sby., “* Helix” tumida, Pfr., Zonites levigata, Pfr., Veronicella floridana, Bin., Limax flavus, Lin., Melampus bidentatus, Say, Helicina occulta, Say, Pom- pholyx effusa, Lea, Planorbis trivolvis, Say, and Tulotoma mag- nifica, Conrad. The method of obtaining these figures, as stated by Mr. Bin- ney before the Boston Society of Natural History a few months ago (Oct. 1869) was as follows: A microphotograph was taken, from the ribbon itself, upon a glass slide. This negative was then placed in a magic lantern and the magnified image thrown upon a sheet of white paper suspended on the wall, and the out- lines then traced with pencil upon this paper. ‘These outlines were then photographed upon the block, to be engraved. The sun, as Mr. Binney remarked, thus doing all the work, it was reasonable to suppose that the results would defy criticism. The photography was done by Mr. Powel, and the tracing by Mr. Binney, in person; Mr. Bland, as we believe, not being re- sponsible for any of this work, and consequently not responsible for the character of the figures. We believe that Mr. Binney has been conscientious in his work, and that the errors which we 170 AMERICAN JOURNAL are obliged to draw attention to are the result of a faulty method of working and inexperience in handling the delicate and com- plex structures which he has attempted to figure, rather than any want of care on his part. Fig. 1, S. Nuttall, and fig. 2, B. pallidior, are probably cor- rect, though ‘“d,” in the first named figure, is exceedingly ob- scure, and we cannot believe that it is a satisfactory view of the 8th lateral, which it claims to represent. Fig. 3 is supposed to represent some of the teeth of Cysticopsis tumida. It is some- what obscure, so that its true relations cannot be determined from the figure. This is a very interesting species, and it is a pity that a clear and comprehensible figure of its dentition was not given. Figs. 4,5 and 6 were drawn by Dr. Leidy, and, though engraved in a manner which is not adapted to give a good idea of the teeth, especially the bases, yet they are probably pretty correct, while it must be remembered that they were drawn twenty years ago. The central tooth of fig. 6 (Limaz flavus), does not agree with Morse’s figure to which Mr. Binney refers. The latter is most probably the more correct of the two, if they were both obtained from the same species, which would seem doubtful. The figure of Melampus bidentatus, Say, bears in- trinsic evidence of general correctness, though poorly drawn and possibly not exact in detail. The figure (No. 8) of Helena occulta, Say, is very bad and quite erroneous. We have exam- ined some of the specimens collected by Mr. Leland, from among which Mr. Binney obtained the radula here figured, and which were labelled by the latter gentleman as Helicina occulta. The central tooth is quite destitute of denticles, is of a different shape from that given in fig. 8, and the lateral teeth differ in many particulars. The uncini have not the hoe-like form of those in the figure. On the whole, the radula strongly resembles Troschel’s figure of the dentition of H. orbiculata, Binn., (7. trossica, Troschel,) but the central tooth is proportionally larger and the laterals differ in minute details. No true Helicina yet examined, has a denticulate median tooth, and this should have put Mr. Binney on his guard. ‘he only conjecture we can offer as to the cause of the error is that it might have been a broken and worn an- terior tooth, or the false appearance of denticles might have been caused by the refraction of too strong a light used during the examination. ‘The radula has been examined by several com- petent naturalists, and there can be no doubt as to the edentu- lous character of the median tooth. Fig. 9 (Pompholyx effusa) is also exceedingly erroneous. We are indebted to the extreme courtesy of Mr. Binney for a fresh specimen of the typical effwsa,' and for the opportunity of OF CONCHOLOGY. 171 examining his original microscopic slides and the photograph taken from them. No such teeth as are indicated for the first five laterals in this figure, are to be found on the original radula. The central tooth is almost certainly bidentate instead of simple. The specimens referred to, now in the Mus. Comp. Zoology, were unfortunately mounted in Canada balsam, which, by ren- dering the teeth quite transparent, ruins them as objects of reference. Still, enough was made out to render the above state- ments positive, and they were still further confirmed by the radula of the fresh specimen, although the latter was somewhat immature. If further doubt existed as to the erroneous nature of the figure a careful examination of the photograph, taken from the original radula before it was spoiled by the balsam, would satisfy the most incredulous. An examination of twenty-five radule of a closely allied species of the same genus, disclosed the fact that the outer laterals of effusa are furnished with one or two more denticles, while the inner laterals appear nearly identical. The error was almost certainly caused by mistaking and confusing the outlines of the bases as seen through the trans- lucent cusps, with the outlines of the cusps themselves. We have not at hand a specimen of Planorbis trivolvis to com- pare with fig. 10. Any of our readers who possess a first class microscope will be able to make the necessary comparisons dur- ing the coming season. ‘The teeth of P. lentus, as we have ex- amined them, differ considerably from those of P. trivolvis as here figured. The cusp of the rhachidian tooth appears to us to be bifid, rather than furnished with two spike-shaped denticles. The teeth of Zulotoma magnifica, long a desideratum, are so simple that it would be difficult to fall into serious error in figur- ing them. It may, however, well be doubted if the denticula- tions are so ragged and irregular as here figured, and indeed it would be satisfactory to have any of the figures in this paper confirmed by more careful drawings. In conclusion, we would remark, that any practical microsco- pist will feel the utter inadequacy of the process previously de- scribed, for furnishing reliable figures of anything, unless checked and controlled by a trained eye, experience with the microscope and with the special department under consideration. That pho- tography can greatly assist there is no doubt, but as a sole re- liance it is untrustworthy. We feel sure that the gentlemen whose names head this review will regret as much as we do that their wide and well deserved reputation should give weight and authority to such errors, and that they will consider this review to be, as it is, wholly prompted by the interests of Science, and totally free from any personal considerations. 172 AMERICAN JOURNAL RECTIFICATION OF THE SYNONYMY OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF MARGINELLA. BY JOHN H. REDFIELD. In Vol. V. of this Journal, p. 91, I referred to a species of Marginella figured by Reeve for MZ. maeculosa, Kiener, but which I regarded as distinct from Kiener’s species, though I was not then prepared to name it, for want of an acquaintance with the shell itself. Among some shells recently sent me for inspection by Governor Rawson of Barbadoes, was a Marginella from the Grenadines, which I at once recognized as the shell figured by Reeve as M. maculosa, Kiener, and by Sowerby as MW. guttata, Swains., but which I am convinced should not be confounded with either. For this species I now propose the name of Mar- ginella calculus. In the paper above quoted, I have already at- tempted to correct the perplexed synonymy of some allied species, but I am now enabled more satisfactorily to elucidate the four species to which the name of guttata has been by turns applied— a name which must be retained for only the first of those which follow : 1. M. eurrata, Dillwyn, Descript. Catal. p. 526, 1817. M. lonyivaricosa, Lam., Kiener, Sowb. in Thesaurus. Hab. Caribbean Province, Honduras to Tortola. This weil known species was first pointed out by Sloane in his history of Jamaica. 2. M. purya@ra, Sowb. M. guttata, Swains., Zool. Ilust. 2d ser. i, pl. 44, f. 8, 1829. - M. phrygia, Sowb., Thes. Conch. i, 394, pl. 78, f. 218, 219, 1846. M. Swainsoniana, Petit, Cat. in Journ. de Conch. ii, 55, 1851. M. phrygia, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 15, f. 67, 1865. Hab. Gulf of California, Reeve. I have received it from Acapulco, collected by Sloat. Swainson and Sowerby were unac- quainted with its habitat. Not common in collections. OF CONCHOLOGY. 173 3. M. macutosa, Kiener, Coq. Viv. Marg. p. 26, pl. 9, f. 40, 1834. M. muralis, Hinds, Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. T6. Sowb. Thes. Conch. i, 894, pl. 78, f. 217, 1846. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 15, f. 69, 1865. Hab. Caribbean Province; Bahamas to Curacoa. Frequent” ly found among the small shells brought from the Bahamas. It is hardly diaphanous, as Kiener calls it, but much nearer to i? than is the following species. 4, M. catcuuus, Redfield. M. guttata, Sowb., (not Swains.) Syn. exci. Thes. Conch. i, 394, pl. 78, f. 208, 209, 210, 1846. M. maculosa, Reeve, (not Kien.) Syn. excl. Conch. Icon. pl. 15, f. 65, a, b, 1865. Shell oval, solid, polished, yellowish white, transversely tessel- ated with milk white spots and yellow guttules which deepen in color towards the left. Spire concealed. Lip not reflected, finely toothed or striated on inner margin. Columella shows from six to eight plaits, of which the upper ones are almost ob- solete, while the lowest but one, is broad and stout. Length, 11 millemetres. Breadth, 8 millemetres. Hab. St. Vincents, Sowb., Reeve; Grenadines, Rawson. This species is remarbable for its solidity, and approaches in type the group to which belong M. interrupte-lineata, M. obesa and M. tessellata. It differs from M. maculosa, in its less elon- gated form and greater solidity and in the oval rather than square form of its guttules, which are not so plainly grouped into darker bands as in MZ. maculosa. Sowerby’s figure above quoted well represents the species. From M. phrygia it is distinguished by its greater size and solidity and by its markings, which in M. phrygia assume the character of dark brown rings more or less complete, as is well shown in Swainson’s magnified figure. Swainson’s shell was only 8 millemetres in length; my own specimens of MZ. phrygia measure but 7. Full grown specimens of JM. maculosa measure 12 millemetres in length and 6 in breadth. Perfect and mature shells of both JZ. maculosa and M. calculus show the lip to be striate or denticulate within, a feature noticed by Hinds, but over- looked by Kiener and Reeve. The key to the confusion which has existed in regard to these species is found in the early erroneous assumption that Kiener’s species was identical with Swainson’s. This being corrected, the synonymy readily resolves into truth. 174 AMERICAN JOURNAL NOTICES AND REVIEWS NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR. I.—AMERICAN. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Published agreeably to an order of the Legislature. Second Edition, comprising the Mollusca. By Aueustus A. Gounp, M.D. Edited by W. G. Binney. 8vo., 524 pp., with twenty-seven chromolithographic plates and over seven hundred wood en- gravings. Boston, 1870. The first edition of this Report was published in 1841, and included the Crustacea, Annelida and Radiata. The work be- came scarce many years ago, being highly prized by all persons engaged in conchological pursuits as the only reliable book pub- lished containing descriptions of the marine mollusca of the At- lantic Coast of the United States. The Legislature of Massachu- setts, continuing the wise liberality which has always characterized the educational system of that very enlightened commonwealth, in 1865, authorized Dr. Gould to prepare a new edition of his work for publication at the expense of the State. Unfortunately for Conchological Science, Dr. Gould died in 1866, leaving his work in an advanced but incomplete stage. In 1867 Mr. W. G. Bin- ney was appointed by the Governor and Council of Massachusetts to complete the work, ‘‘as nearly as possible in accordance with the views and wishes of the author.’”’ he selection of Mr. Bin- ney was a happy one, as perhaps no one else could have carried out the above instructions so faithfully. Dr. Gould was the literary executor of Dr. Amos Binney, and edited and published that distinguished Conchologist’s magnificent Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. Mr. W. G. Binney’s relations with Dr. Gould were thus most intimate, originat- OF CONCHOLOGY. L75 ing in the above valuable scientific service rendered by the latter, and now the son has the satisfaction of repaying the obligation in kind. Of course, under the restrictions imposed upon Mr. Binney by the Governor of Massachusetts, we are not to expect ‘all the improvements in classification, &c., which more recent investigations have suggested,’”’ and, accepting this necessary limitation, Mr. Binney may be congratulated upon having per- formed his work generally in a very creditable manner. In all that relates to the marine and terrestrial species it is, in every respect, the most valuable as well as the most elegant volume on conchology ever issued in the United States. The plate illus- trations in chromo are beautifully executed by Messrs. Bowen and Company, of Philadelphia, and carefully finished by hand, and the very fine wood-cuts printed in the text were drawn by Mr. H. 8. Morse and engraved by Mr. Henry Marsh, both justly celebrated for their natural history illustrations. We do not believe that, were Dr. Gould living, he would ap- prove the views of Mr. Binney concerning the fluviatile mollusca. These views we have already criticised at length upon several occasions, and will not now recur to them. A very few copies of this elegant book, printed on tinted paper and finely bound, are for sale by Little and Brown, of Boston, at the very low price of Fifteen Dollars—and will doubtless find quick sale. Early application should be made for them, as they will surely become as scarce as the first edition in a short time. The following new species are described :* Boltenia Burkhardti, Agassiz. Holis pilata, Gould. Lyrodus, nov. gen. (Téredide). Calliopea fuscata, Gould. Lyrodus chlorotica, Gould. Embletonia fuscata, Gould. Doris tenella, Agassiz. Embletonia remigata, Gould. Doris diademata, Agassiz. Hermeacruciata, Alex. Agassiz. Doris grisea, Stimpson. Elysia chlorotica, Agassiz. Placobranchus catulus, Agassiz. cram aie i .) Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. New York. IX. No. 10. April, 1870. On the genus Pompholyx and its allies, with a revision of the Limneide of authors. By Wm. H. Datt. A variety of P. Leana, Adams, or possibly a new species, from Clear Lake, California, is described under the name of soda. Mr. Dall corrects an error in his description of the *Mr. A. EK. Verrill, in the American Journal of Science and Arts, May, 1870, states that many of the so-called new Ascidians are not en- titled to specific rank, being synonyms merely. 176 AMERICAN JOURNAL animal of Pompholyx, published in the Proc. Cal. Acad., 1866. He there asserted that it possessed two pairs of eyes, founded upon drawings and descriptions furnished to him by Mr. W. M. Gabb. There are no tentacular eyes, however, but the tenta- cular nerve is marked by a central line of pigment cells, which, in some specimens, is crowded near the tips, forming black spots, which were mistaken by Mr. Gabb for eyes. The soft parts of Pompholyx, together with the dentition, are fully described in this paper, as well as the soft parts of other genera of Limnzeide. The author follows Binney in including “Strebelia Berendtii” (Physella) in the Limneeide, although it is undoubtedly a land shell, as the description and figure will satisfy any one who will study them. Very likely the name “ Physella”’ has suggested placing this species among the fluviatiles. Carinifex Tryon, Meek, is made a new subgenus— Vorticifex. It is a fossil from the Nevada tertiary. Physa costata, New- comb, is made the type of a new subgenus—Cvstatella. “ Shell rounded, with transverse undulations or coste.”’ Paludina or Physa scalaris, Jay, is referred, very correctly we think, to the subgenus Ameria, Adams. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. New York. IX. No. 9. March, 1870. Notes on the Lingual Dentition of Mollusca. By W. G. Binney and THomas BLANp. The species figured and remarked upon are Suceinea Nuttal- liana, Bulimulus pallidior, Helix twmida, Zonites levigata, Veronicella Floridana, Limax flavus, Melampus bidentatus, Helicina occulta, Pomphlyx effusa, Planorbis trivolvis, Tulotoma magnifica. To this paper is added an important note by Mr. W. G. Bin- ney on Vivipara lineata, Val. The author confirms the sus- picions of conchologists regarding the locality of this species. When in Paris, in 1867, he examined the original specimen, and found it labelled ‘Lake Hrie,’’ and then in Valenciennes’ hand-writ- ing was added, “ this is a mistake, the shell comes from India.” Thus the question of locality is settled, and the specimen is the well known Paludina Bengalensis. Valenciennes’ name becomes a synonym, as Bengalensis has priority, but Mr. Binney seems still to overlook the fact that the description and figure of Kiister apply unmistakably to our American species, and he was not justified in giving a name (V. contectoides) to it, as V. lineata, Kiister, not (Valenciennes) must stand. Mr. Binney very justly condemns American writers for their carelessness, and distinctly OF CONCHOLOGY. 177 refers to me (Proc. Acad., Phila., p. 451, 1862.) I acknowledge the justice of his stricture in this instance, and regret that Mr. Binney has not escaped giving like cause for censure in dealing with the same species. Notes on Species of the Family Corbiculade. By TumpPLe PRIME. O. ammiralis, nov. sp. Cambodia. (C. baronialis, Australia. C. gubernatoria, “* a C. consularis, Malacca. CO. Delessertiana, ‘* Smyrna. C. episcopalis, Cambodia. C. imperialis, ‘¢ Pondicherry. Cyrena tribunalis, Keuador. CO. Amazonica, Anthony, nov. sp. Riv. Amazon. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History. December, 1869. The Molluscan Fauna of New Haven. Part Il. Pormula, 08 2(2—-1'1—2)2+ Hab. Indo-Pacific, Amboyna, Japan. My surprise was great when I found this well-known species, which is tabulated as a ‘Patella’ by the most recent authors, to belong to the Acmzidze ; but it was still further increased when, accidentally referring to that excellent and very accurate work, Hanley’s edition of the Index Testaceologicus, I found that Mr. Hanley had anticipated me in the discovery, and it was there referred to the genus Acmea. This and the following species exhibit a peculiarity worthy of notice, in the duplication of the uncinus. For a long time I thought that my eyes were deceived, and that there was but one, which was folded or twisted so as to give the effect of a double cusp, but I found the uncini separated, and lying side by side, after handling the radula, so that I could no longer doubt it. ; CoLLISELLA BorNneEEnsis, Rve. Plate 15, fig. 17, and pl. 17, fig. 38, a, b, ¢. Patella Borneénsis, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. xxxvi, f. 118, a, b. (bad). Identified from specimens. Borneo. Aecmea Bickmorei, Dall, MSS. Amboyna. 260 AMERICAN JOURNAL Mantle edge thick, with a single row of rather stout papille interspersed with smaller ones irregularly disposed ; sides of foot smooth; foot oval, thin, rather small; muzzle and edges of foot dusky ; back of head, bases of tentacles and mantle edge yellow- ish. Head stout, short, rounded; tentacles short, small, rapidly tapering to a sharp point; in the alcoholic specimens invariably hooked, or with the tips recurved. Muzzle rather transverse, surface radiately papillose, frill conspicuous, smooth and even. Gill very large and long, usually protruded across the neck nearly to the mantle edge. Anal and infra-anal apertures on a promi- nent pointed tubercle; renal not observed. Uncini larger than usual. «Formulas 2 vos 2(2—1'1—2)2+ This species was obtained it abundance at Amboyna, by Mr. Bickmore. he muscles which retract the radula are transversely striated. See Silliman’s Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Feb., 1871, p. 123. Since that time a similar state of things has been observed in Collisella paleacea, Gld. These are the first instances of such fiber noticed in the class Gasteropoda. Genus LOTTIA, Cpr. ex Sby. Lottia (Gray MSS.), Sby., Gen. Shell, part 42, fig. 1. Reeve, Conch. Syst. f. 1, 1842. Tecturella, Cpr., Smithsonian Check List, W. C. Shells, 1860, p. 0, No. 176. “Rep. Br. Assoc. 1861, p. 1387. Tecturina, Cpr., Smiths. Rep. 1860, p. 219. Lect. Moll. Ind. Ed. p. 71 = err. typog. for Tecturella ? Lecania, Cpr. MSS. Lottia, Cpr., Journ. de Conchyl. vol. xiii, p. 140, 1865. Am. Journ. Conch. vol. ii, p. 342, 1866. Sup. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 18638, p. 650, No. 249. Animal with a single cervical branchia; also furnished with a branchial cordon of laminz between the mantle edge and the foot, extending as far forward as the adductor muscle on each side, and continuous behind. ‘Teeth and muzzle frill as in Colli- SON? ah pala Se 1(2—1-1—2)1* Type Lorrra @i@aNTEA. Plate 15, fig. 20. Lottia gigantea, Sby. apud Gray. Gen. Sh. pt. 42, f. 1. Acmea scutum, auct. non Esch. nec D’ Orb. Tecturella grandis (Gray) Cpr. The shell of this species has been fully described by Dr. Car- penter in his admirable paper on the Acmeide, before cited ; it only remains to give a few additional notes on the animal. I OF CONCHOLOGY. 261 obtained more than a hundred specimens on the rocks, between tides, at Monterey, California, in the month of January, 1866. At this time they were well filled with ova, and all the speci- mens obtained contained ova; not a single male came to hand. The foot is oval, thin, dull waxen below ; sides of foot smooth, black, the extreme edge pellucid white or yellowish; the whole nearly as long as the shell. Mantle thin, extending little be- yond the foot on the sides, but some distance beyond the head in front; edge thickened, smooth, whitish, with a crowded row of fine blackish papilla on the extreme edge; another of larger and more distant papillee inside; and lastly a row of still larger ones inside of the last, placed opposite the spaces between the papillae of the second row, and somewhat further apart. The branchial lamellz exactly resemble those of Patella vul- gata, as described by Dr. Williams, but are somewhat less crowded and of a pellucid wax color. They are equal on the sides and behind, but diminish in size on each side of the head, and are interrupted in front for a space as wide as the head. The gill is elongate-triangular, quite large, attached by both edges for a short distance to the mantle above it, forming a shallow bag-shaped cavity; it is curved a little to the right and is in- serted to the left of the neck, in the commissure between the neck and the mantle. In structure it is a flat plate, with rounded, striated edges, bounded by an impressed line, which is stronger on the under side. Inside of this line, above and below, extend a series of equal tranverse laminz, less strongly marked toward the apex of the gill, which is smooth and pro- duced at the tip. A nerve and blood-vessel pass along the left edge of the gill; the lamine are hollow and profusely furnished with blood-vessels. ‘The hood above the gill is also extremely vascular. On the right side of the neck is a smooth subcylindrical anal papilla, obliquely truncate, so that the foramen opens toward the right side of the animal. From the foramen project forty or fifty long, slender, cylindrical, white papillz or tenta- culate processes, but they originate inside of the edge of the aperture, which is entire and closed by a subspherical process of the integument. The renal organ opens to the left, outside of this papilla, through a very minute non-elevated orifice, in which it differs from Patella vulgata. ‘To the right of the anal papilla is a rounded tubercle, with a semilunar orifice. There are no other papillz or tubercles in the vicinity, nor could any “ capito- pedal orifices” be detected as described in Patella by Lankester. The head and tentacles are whitish below and black above, but the black color does not extend behind a line drawn from the 18 262 AMERICAN JOURNAL inner corner of one tentacle to the other. Behind that line both head and tentacles are whitish. The tentacles are short, stout, acutely pointed, and somewhat granulose. The eyes are very small on the outer edges of the tentacles, which have a prominent tubercle on the inner edge of each. The muzzle is short, stout, and transversely oval. Its outer edge is somewhat striate and produced into a frill. Inside of this, around the circular mouth, the disk is granulose and deeply radiately furrowed. Just inside the mouth, the edge of the jaw is perceptible, and arches over the lateral lips of the buccal mass. The viscera are small in proportion to the size of the animal. The ova were of a greenish color. The renal organ extended over a fourth of the area of the back between the muscles. The range of this species is from the vicinity of San Francisco to Central America. It is especially abundant and fine at Mon- | terey. Some of the specimens which I obtained there were nearly three inches long. Put into a pitcher half full of sea water, with a number of other mollusks, the majority of this species crawled out during the night and were found on the out- side of the pitcher, and even on the wooden floor, in the morning. Genus SCURRIA, Gray. Seurria, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 158. Guide, Moll. p. 171. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 375. =< Scurria, Moerch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 145, 1852. Cpr., Lect. p. 71. H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 460. < Acmea, Woodw., Man. p. 155. Sceurra, Gld., Expl. Exp. Moll. p. 857, non Esch. Acmecea, sp. D’Orb., Voy. Am. Merid, v, p. 478, 1846. Heleion, sp. ib., p. T03! Lottia, sp. ib., pl. 64, vol. ix!! Not Seurria, Cpr., Am. Journ. Conch. ii, p. 845 = Aemeea sp. Animal with an accessory branchial cordon extending entirely around the body between the mantle and the foot. Teeth re- sembling Collisella A. Formula rear In this genus the cordon is complete as in Patella, while the dentition and branchial plume show its true place to be in the Acmeide. There does not appear to be any grounds for the distinction drawn by Dr. Gray between the cordon in this genus and that of other Patelle. In Seurria mesoleuca they are ab- solutely identical in form and arrangement with those of Lottza, excepting that they are not interrupted in front as in that genus. OF CONCHOLOGY. 263 Type Scurria scurra, Lesson sp. Patella seurra, Lesson, Voy. Coq. Zool. p. 421, No. 189, 1830. Aemea scurra, D’Orb., Voy. Amer. Merid. v, p. 478, pl. Ixiv, fig. 11—14. Scurria seurra, Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 158. Guide Moll. p. 171. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 3875, fig. 2812. H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 460, iii, pl. lii, fig. 4, a, b. Lottia patlida, Sby., Moll. Beechey’s Voy. p. 147, pl. xxxix, f. 1, 1839. Not Patella pallida, Gould. Lottia conica, Gld., Moll. U. 8. Expl. Exp. p. 846, (pars). Not Aemca mitra, Esch., (Zool. Atlas, ed. Rathke v, p. 18,) as aver Gray and Adams. Aemea mitra, Alcock, (MSS.), in Am. J. Conch. ii, p. 345 not Eschscholtz. Lottia scurra ? Glid., Expl. Exp. Moll. p. 356. Soft parts yellowish white for the most part; foot large, sub- oval, smooth; mantle edge thickened, smooth, finely fringed with short marginal cirri; head very large, of a rosy tint; muzzle short, frilled; tentacles large and slender, faintly roseate, with very minute black eyes at their lateral and posterior bases. Branchial lamelle resembling those of Patella, but rather more distant, erectile; gill very stout, thick, with a rather broad border formed by an impressed line on each side; lamelle prominent, apex pointed. Shell buff, outer layer of a waxen translucency, inner layer porcellanous white, with narrow margin resembling the external layer. Form conical; apex usually minute, sharply pointed, anteriorly directed, (not blunt and erect, as in Aemcea mitra) ; anterior and posterior slopes convex (seldom or never concave, as is frequent in A. mitra); aperture roundly oval, slightly narrower in front, external surface covered with fine, regular, even strive, like threads radiating from the apex (very different from the rough, irregular, bifurcating riblets of the varieties of A. mitra) ; internal surface of a peculiarly glossy white, scored with more or less strongly marked radiations from the apex ; margin obsoletely crenulate inside; apex often white, but not uncommonly marked with brown streaks on a white ground, radiating from a dark brown nucleus and divaricating; apex of this young fry strongly recurved, nearly marginal, without any trace of a spiral nucleus. The concentric lines of growth are more or less strongly marked but usually rounded and obsolete. Habitat from 12° to 41° s. lat. on the west coast of South America. It lives on the roots and stalks of fuci (Wacrocystis), 264 AMERICAN JOURNAL and excavates a shallow cavity therein. According to D’Orbigny, it is not uncommon. I have not been able to examine the soft parts of this species and rely on Gould, Couthouy and D’Orbigny. ScurriA (?) ZEBRINA, Lesson sp. Patella zebrina, Less., Zool. Coq. 1830, p. 417, No. 180. Patella concepeionensis, Less., loc. cit. p. 418, No. 182. Lottia zebrina, Glid., Moll. Expl. Exp. p. 852, pl. 30, fig. 460, 460a. Lottia variabilis, Gray, Moll. Beechey’s Voy. p. 147, pl. 39, fig. 3—5, 1859. Patella zebrina, D’Orb., Voy. Amer. Merid. v, p. 480, No. 445, pl. Ixv, f. 1—3. Tectura zebrina, Gray, Guide p. 171. D’Orbigny describes and figures this species as having a com- plete cordon of strongly marked branchial lamelle ; Couthouy speaks of “an encircling series of slight protuberances, which appear to communicate with the cirri, and at first look like bran- chial lamellze ; at times very apparent, at others hardly visible,” while calling attention to the long and large gill. Gray speaks of them as ‘“ fleshy beards’ inside of the mantle, rather distant and continuous over the head. On the whole, the evidence is sufficiently full to justify us in placing the species in this genus, at least provisionally. ScurRia MESOLEUCA, Mke. sp. Plate 15, fig. 19. Acmea mesoleuca, Menke, Zeit. fiir Mal. p. 38, No. 135, 1851. Cpr., Maz. Cat. p. 203, No. 263. Soft parts mostly of a greenish tinge ; foot oval, thin, smooth ; sides of foot quite smooth, edge thin, somewhat produced ; mantle edge thickened, narrow, marked with dark brownish spots or streaks corresponding with the rays of color on the shell, irregularly bearded with a few papillose projections. Branchial lamelle forming a complete cordon just inside of the mantle edge. Laminz close, crowded, equal all around, in structure exactly agreeing with those of Patella and Lottia, a little more puckered at the edges, perhaps from the effects of the alcohol. Head small; muzzle short, transversely oval, with an equal, narrow, somewhat puckered frill all around. Disk radi- ately striate, mouth circular, entire. Tentacles very short, stout, bluntly pointed; bases slightly swelled, not tuberculate ; eyes small, on the superior part of the bases of the tentacles. Gill like that of Lotta, but smaller, shorter, and relatively OF CONCHOLOGY. 265 broader. Anal papilla small, resembling that of Lotta ; infra- anal papilla broader, bifid ; renal orifice small, subcircular, not cleyated, some distance to the left of the anal. Formula 1 (2—1 tiie 1—2) The BRS has been well described by Menke and by Dr. Car- penter in the Mazatlan Catalogue, with copious synonymy. From the latter, however, Acmea personoiides, Mid., should be eliminated, as it came from Cook’s Inlet where S. mesoleuca is unknown. The former is probably only a variety of patina. The range of this species is from Central America to Lower California. It is plenty in the Gulf, and I collected several hundred specimens at San Juan del Sud in Nicaragua, in the course of half an hour. It inhabits the rocks between tide marks. Family PATELLID A. Patellina, McGillivray, Moll. Aberdeen p. 66, 1843. < Patellide, Woodw., Man. p. 158. Cpr., Rep. Br. Assoc. 1856, p. 818. Jeffreys Brit. Conch. in, p. 229 (in Pee- tinibranchiata !) Binn. Inv., Mass. Ed. ii, p. 267. D’Orb., Moll. Can. 1837. =< Patelloidea, Risso, Hist. iv, p. 260; 1826. (Not Fer., Rang or Mke.) < Patellina, Wiegm., Handb. der Zool. p. 546, 1832. Milne- Edwards, Conch. Textb. Ed. vi, p. 197. <= Paitelle, Fer., Tab. Syst. p. xxxvii, 1821. Rang, Man. p. 251, 1829. Desh., Ene. Meth. iti, 1850. =< Patellacea, Mke., Syn. Ed. ii, p. 90, 1830. Forbes, Mal. Monensis, p. 35, 1838. =< Patellacee, Menke, Syn. 1828, olim. Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Zool. p. 53. < Puedes Guild., Zool. Journ. iti, p. 535, 1828. < Phyllidiana, Lam., Phil. Zool. 1809. Gld., Inv. Mass. Ed. i, p. 146. > Patellide, Gray, Guide Moll. p. 173. Chenu, Man. de Con- chyl. i, p. 376. Patellide, Cpr., Maz. Shells, p. 199. H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. 1, p. 468. Cpr., Sm. Rep, 1860, p. 219. Lect., Moll. 2d ed. p. 71. D’Orb., Voy. Am. Mer. v, p. 480, 1842. Animal destitute of a cervical branchia but provided with a more or less complete cordon of branchiz in the form of lamin attached to the mantle between its thickened edge and the sides of the foot. Radula provided with three lateral teeth on each 266 AMERICAN JOURNAL side and three uncini. Rhachidian tooth rarely present. Muz- zle without a frill. Genus ANCISTROMESUS,* Dall. Patella sp., Auct. Animal with a complete branchial cordon, the lamelle long and slender, subequal; sides of foot smooth; radula furnished with a simple rhachidian tooth; the two inner laterals on each side anterior to the third pair, which are large and quadriden- tate. Uncini simple. Shell very large in the adult. Type ANCISTROMESUS MEXICANUS, Dall ex Brod. PI. 15, fig. 21. Patella mexicana, Brod. and Sby., Zool. Journ. vol. iv, p. 369. Rve., Conch. Icon. Patella, pl. 1, f. 1. Animal generally blackish, more or less marbled and streaked with white. Head, mantle edge and branchial lamelle black. — Head very long, not large in proportion; muzzle small. ‘Ten- tacles short, slender, pointed. Branchial lamella not semicir- cular, as in most Patellz, but produced, twisted, and elongated, having, upon a superficial examination, an arborescent appear- ance. They are very slightly smaller in front. Radula with a well developed median tooth. Cusps of the teeth fawn color, with chestnut brown bosses and an orange ring at the point of insertion of the cusp. Formula, ie. Shell white, inside and out, sometimes with a rusty or green- ish stain here and there, and furnished with obsolete radiating ribs. Often attaining a length of from eight to fourteen inches. This magnificent limpet, the largest non-spiral gasteropod now iving, proved, as might have been anticipated, to differ essen- tially from its smaller cousins. It is found in Central America. The radula figured was from an Acapulco specimen. It is some- what singular that the animal of a nearly white shell should be almost black, especially as the shell is an external one. I have seen the latter frequently used as a wash-basin, in Central America. Genus PATELLA, Linne. Patella, Auct. omn. binom. PP. vulgata, type. Patella, Lam., Prodr. 1799. P. granularis, type. Syst. An. s. Vert. ed. 1801. WP. testudinaria, type. < Patella, Lin., Syst. Nat. 1758, ed. x. H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 464. Cpr., Lect. Moll. p. 71. Gray, Guide, p. 174. P. Z. S. 1847, p. 168. Woodw., Man. p. 154. Schum., Essai, 1817. * From Ayxorpov, a hook or claw, aud Méesnyds, middle. OF CONCHOLOGY. 267 Scutellastra, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 466. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 377. Cymbula, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 466, 1854. Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 378. Olana (?), H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. i, p. 466. (P. cochlear, Gmel., type.) Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 378. Gray, Guide, p. 175. Cpr., Lect. Moll. p. 72. Eruca, Tournefort, Gualteri, Index, 1742 (not Swains.) < Patellites sp., Walch., Naturg. d. Verst. ii, p. 168, 1768. Schrét., Naturférs. vy, p. 102, 1775. Waller, Syst. Min. ii, p. 468. Schrot., Lith. Lex. v, p: 112: Schloth., Petrefactenkunde, p. 118, 1820 (= Patedla, fossil sp.) < Patellaria, Lihwyd, 1698. Schrot., Lith. Lex. v, p. 112. ? Goniclis, Rafinesque, Journ. de Phys. 1819, t. 88, p. 426. Mke., Syn. Ed. ii, p. 90 (not Goniclis, Raf., Sup. Mon. Biv. Phila. 1831). Lepas sp., Adanson, Voy. Sen. 1757. Lepadites sp., D’ Argenville, &c. (foss. sp.) Patellus, Mont., Conch. Syst. ui, p, 66, 1810. Lottia sp., Gray, fide D’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mer. ? Patellarius, Dum. ? Cellana, H. Adams, P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 274.* If we take as the type that which (according to the rule adopted by Linnzus) was the most common species known to him, we shall undoubtedly select the Patella vulgata, of the northern Kuropean seas. The type most commonly cited is that of Lamarck, in 1801 (P. testudinaria), but his first type and only species mentioned in 1799 was the P. granularis. The former, however, is probably an Acmea. There are two very distinct types of dentition among the true Patelle, and one of them must be separated by name. As objections might be raised to proposing a new generic name for Patella vulqata,t from which I suspect Patella granularis may differ considerably, I shall regard the former as the type of the genus, and the posi- tion of the latter species will remain to be fixed whenever the animal shall have been examined. Animal with a complete, uninterrupted branchial cordon be tween the mantle and the foot ; destitute of side lappets on the foot; radula with the first two inner laterals on each side simi- lar, in the same transverse line, parallel; third lateral largest, * The diagnosis includes no characters of more than specific value. The true place of the species can only be determined when the animal is known. ; _ t 1 am indebted to Dr. Wm. Stimpson for the opportunity of examin- ing the soft parts of this species. 268 AMERICAN JOURNAL denticulate, posterior ; uncini distinct, similar, three on each side. iormalagy 0 3(1—2'2—1)3* Type PaTELLA vuLGATA, Lin. Plate 15, fig. 23. Patella vulgata, Linne, Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, p. 1258. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. ii, p. 421. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. iil, p. 236. Soft parts: foot slate colored, sides smooth, yellowish, some- what dusky with a pale border; mantle yellowish, edge thick- ened, furnished with tentacular filepnenke: varying in length and corresponding in position to the ribs and strive of the shell, ex- treme edge sometimes dusky; branchial cordon uninterrupted, laminz rather smaller in front of the head, of a pellucid yellow- ish color; head short, stout; tentacles mcuertie. pointed, yel- lowish, darker at the tips; muzzle indented below, bordered with granulose papillz, especially below; disk radiately striate ; eyes small, on superior bases of the tentacles ; not raised above the swollen base, which has a prominent tubercle on the inner edge; anal orifice on the right side at the junction of the man- tle with the neck, prominent, inclined to the right, but not ob- liquely truncate as in some species, orifice rounded, internally papillose; renal orifice on a small yellowish tubercle to the left of the anal; infra-anal papilla similar, inconspicuous, to the ex- treme right. Formula, 9 __ A422 —1G3- Habitat. British and North European seas from the Loffoden Isles to the Mediterranean. The minute anatomy of this species still stands in need of much elucidation ; and, as one of the best known species of the order, a synopsis of what is known and what is undetermined will give a good idea of the extent of our knowledge of the anatomy of the group. It does not speak well for English naturalists, that for infor- mation in regard to one of the most common of their littoral animals, many points of which have been matters of doubt for many years, we should be obliged to turn to Russian and French publications for the little that has been made known, except in regard to the branchiz. A few scattered and very short arti- cles by Gray, Lankester, and Patterson, beside the work of Dr. Williams, are about all that English works afford us; while Brandt, Fischer, Milne-Edwards, Lebert, Cuvier and others have done far more, though much remains to be done. The branchiz have been thoroughly described by Dr. Williams in the paper before referred to, though a careful dissection of the gill of Acmea is still a desideratum. In Patella vulgata OF CONCHOLOGY. 269 they consist of a row of alternately large and small lamine, of a suboval shape, flattened or slightly concave on one side, and rather prominently convex on the other ; each composed of two walls of very thin vascular membrane united by a somewhat denser layer at the outer border, and filled with fluid (whether water or natural serous fluid being yet undetermined) while they they are still further strengthened by a series of internal fibres which cross each other like the braced timbers of a worked-out mine. The external surface of the branchize is ciliated, and the whole mechanism presents analogies with the gills of Lamelli- branchs. It is probable that the lamellze of the gill in Aemea, though differently placed, are of essentially similar construction, - while differing in form. ‘The blood is transparent and the cor- puscles are very small. According to Dr. Williams, the lining membrane of the bran- chize is continuous, and it is highly improbable that water pene- trates into the system as in some other mollusca. Lankester (An. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. xx, p. 334, 1867) describes two orifices, (capito-pedal), ‘one on each side of the head, in the angle formed by its junction with the muscular foot, and opening into the blood sinus surrounding the pharyngeal viscera.’’ He also de- scribes a communication which he supposes to exist between the “pericardium and the supra-anal articulated sac,’ or accessory renal organ. My opportunities for examination of the present species hav- ing been confined to alcoholic and very limited material, I do not assume to speak positively in this matter, but can only say that the most careful search, assisted by injections from within, and the most thorough scrutiny of all the external anterior sur- face of the animal with a high power, failed to disclose either of the orifices alluded to. Moreover the search was not confined to this species, but was made in every species, and even specimen, examined, with a like result. In Collisella patina the heart is situated behind the left side of the head, very far to the left, and entirely away from the renal sac, which last is much smaller than in Patella vulgata; hence it appears highly improbable that any communication whatever exists between them; and if this be the case in a species closely allied, it sdds to the improbability of the existence of such a communication in the present species. Mr. Lankester’s paper is so exceedingly brief that it is not easy to follow his dissections, and it is greatly to be desired that a fuller account, with figures, which he promises, should be published. There is a bare possibility that the contraction of the specimens may have entirely obscured and closed up the openings of the supposed “ capito-pedal orifices,” or they may not exist in the 270 AMERICAN JOURNAL Acmeidz ; but, after the examination of a large multitude of specimens, I regret that I cannot confirm his observations in these two particulars. The nervous system has been examined by Garner, Rhymer Jones and Anderson, and, later and much more thoroughly and correctly, by Brandt (Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, Nov. 24, 1868). The whole system is naturally arranged in two groups, the cerebro-pharyngeal and the pedo-branchial nerves and gang- lia. These two groups are connected on each side by two slender commissures. The principal ganglia of the first group are the cerebral and pharyngeal ; of the second, the ganglia pedalia and visceralia. The whole paper is so concise, and the nervous sys- tem so intricate, that the student is referred to the original, should more detailed information be required. Dr. Brandt having set at his work with the preconceived notion of the close affinities of Chiton and Patella, finished without changing his mind on the subject; but the unprejudiced student, on compar- ing the figures of the nervous system of Chiton fascicularis upon the same plate with that of Patella, will hardly be disposed to agree with him. Indeed, the further the embryology and minute anatomy of the two groups are carried, the more evident does their dissimilarity become.* It is not a little astonishing that, of all the authors who have commented upon the nervous system of Patella as given by Cu- vier, not one seems to have recognized the fact that it is not that of Patella vulgata at all, but (,robably) that of Patina pel- lucida, an animal belonging to a different genus. Some of the discrepancies may be reconciled when the latter comes to be dis- sected. Neither of the species dissected by Cuvier can be rec- ognized by anything in his article as published in the ‘*‘ Memoires.” They are generally supposed, however, to be vulgata and pellu- cida. In noticing the optic nerve Dr. Brandt calls attention to the fact that the eyes are situated upon the superior surface of the base of the tentacle, and not upon a tubercle at the outer base, as usually stated, and, I may add, not upon the prominent tubercle at the inner base, as Cuvier supposed. The digestive system has been treated by Cuvier and Lankes- ter. The latter has added little to the labors of his predecessor, and appears not to have read his ‘‘ Memoire,”’ or at least to have overlooked the descriptions and figures (p. 18, pl. ii, f. 7, 12) of the crop and salivary glands, as he claims them as a discovery of * Nevertheless, the typically molluscan nature of the nervous system of Chiton, and the fact that it is somewhat allied to the Patellidz, may be considered as proven by Brandt’s investigations. There is room for investigation with regard to possible affinities with Brachiopoda. OF CONCHOLOGY. 271 his own. I would remark, by the way, that the size of the lat- ter differs in different individuals of the same species, or perhaps in the same individual at different times. The orifice of the anus is simple, but, in most species, a number of subcylindrical pa- pillze or tubercles are noticeable inside of it. The latter part of the rectum in Acmea is repeatedly constricted, so that the faeces are expelled in sausage-shaped pellets. The renal organ, as shown, by Lankester, is double; one of the two sacs, however, is nearly abortive, and seems almost imperceptible in some species of Collisella. These sacs empty by two papille, in Patella, one on each side of the anal tubercle; in Collisella there is no pa- pilla to the left of the anus, but a non-elevated, simple, very mi- nute orifice, sometimes much further (to the left) from the anus than the papilla on the right side. Cuvier does not mention the left hand one in the text, but it is represented on the plate in its proper place (fig. 8, pl. 2). I have not been able to have access to the paper of MM. Robin and Lebert, who have noticed the generative organs. Mr. Lankester gives some particulars in regard to them. The ovary has been frequently mentioned, and I have elsewhere described the male gland of Collisella.* The oviduct mentioned by Cuvier -seems to be wanting, though I have several times thought that I detected a slender, exceedingly thin duct proceeding from the extreme left of the gland and opening into the dendritic renal sac. I cannot say that I feel sure of this, however, as the con- dition of the specimens was unsatisfactory, from the spirit im which they were preserved. There does not appear to be any other opening through which the young can be extruded, and I am inclined to believe that some such duct exists and will even- tually be demonstrated. If the ‘‘capito-pedal orifices’’ exist, they must be far too small to admit of the extrusion of the young mollusk with its shell, as described by Fischer. To the latter naturalist we owe the whole of our very slender knowledge of the development of Patella. He found the ovaries filled with young mollusks in the month of March, and in April the rocks and the parent shells were covered with a multitude of young Patellze, about one millimetre in length. This disproved the idea that the eggs were deposited in a single mass, and showed that the method of extrusion rather resembled that of Chiton. It is extremely desirable that the development of this animal should be observed from its early stages, and after that, it is to be hoped that some careful anatomist-will give to the world an account of the anatomy, on the plan of Mr. Hancock’s magnifi- cent paper on the Brachiopoda. It is by no means impossible 272 AMERICAN JOURNAL that some of the views here brought forward may prove ill- founded ; yet, if their publication incites some naturalist (more favorably situated than myself for examination of the living animal) to give to the world a thorough monograph of any spe- cies of the order, I shall not regret their refutation. In any case, I would urge most strongly on all observers the duty of doing what they can to dispel the prevalent uncertainty in regard to the questions alluded to, which have too long demanded investi- gation, yet failed to obtain it. PATELLA PENTAGONA, (Born.), Rve. Plate 15 fig. 22. Patella pentagona, (Born. Mus. t. Vindobonensis, pl. 15, f. 4, 5). Rve. Conch. Icon. pl. xx, f. 48, a, b, c, 1854. Patella stelleformis, Rve., Conch. Systematica. Patella cretacea, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. xxi, f. 58, a, b. Patella tramoserica, A. Adams, (?Chemn., not of authors), Annals Nat. Hist., 1, 1868, p. 369. Patella paumotensis, Gld., Proc. B. 8. N. H..1i, p. 150, 1846. Expedition Shells, 8, Moll. U. S. Ex. Ex. p. 339, fig. 440-a to e. Animal with the foot gamboge yellow, remainder of the body pale yellow; muzzle reddish; cirri of the mantle opaque white.* - Foot large; mantle margin narrow, cirri disposed in twenty-four clusters of five each, two short ones arising from the margin, two rather longer from the inner mantle-edge, and between these a fifth twice as large as the others. Head slender, produced. Branchiz smaller in front, but not interrupted ; tentacles moder- ate, slender. Anal, infra-anal and renal orifices well defined, small, short, but prominent. Formula, 0 304 22 14)3_ Hab. Soviety Islands, Garrett. Paumotu Islands, Tahiti, Gld. The dentition of this species allies it with the typical patellas of the type of P. vulgata; the branchiz are similar; not inter- rupted in front, as Mr. Couthouy says, but continuous, as they are figured in the plates of the Ex. Exp. Genus PATINELLA.f Shell solid, porcellanous, with an erect subcentral apex. Cor- don complete, equal all around ; sides of foot provided with scal- loped lappets. ‘Teeth, a=: ae Inner uncinus plate-like, with- SEE: out a cusp. Second lateral the largest. * Couthouy MSS. + From Patena, a dish. OF CONCHOLOGY. ate Type PATINELLA MaGELLANica, Gmel. Plate, 15, fig. 24. Patella Magellanica, Gmel., Syst. Nat. No. 52, p. 83703, 1792. Gualt. Test., pl. 9, f. EH. Martini, Conch. Cab. i, pl. v, f. 40, a, b. Lam. An.s. Vert. ed. Desh. vii, p. 584, No. 26. Rve, Icon., pl. x, f. 19 a, b. Patella fusca, Dillw., Cat. vol ii, p. 1047, No. 70. Patella deaurata, Gmel., Syst. Nat., p. 3719, No. 142. Lam. 1819, An. s. Vert., vi, p. 880, No. 25. Ib. Ed. Desh. vii, p. 534, No. 25. Martini Conch. Cab. x, p. 168, f. 1616. D’Orb. Voy. Am. Merid. v, p. 480, No. 44. Gould, Expl. Exp. Moll., p. 841, f.. 444, 444 a. Patella ferruginea, Wood, Ind. Test., No. 82. Hanley’s Ed., p- 186, No. 82, pl. 37. Soft parts. Foot nearly circular, dark slate color, with a row of leaf-like scalloped lappets all around, except below the head, integument soft and spongy ; mantle yellowish, with irregularities and patches of color corresponding to the ribs and rays of the shell margin, fringed with stout, cylindrical, pointed beards or cirri, rather irregularly disposed in two rows, upon the thickened portion; they are purple at the base and yellowish at the tips. Head small, rosy-white above, whitish on neck and muzzle; ten- _ tacles long, (quite short in alcohol,) tapering, curved, rather bluntly pointed, yellowish white, with a purple stripe above, and rather swelled at the bases; eyes small on upper part of bases; branchiz lamellz produced, close-set, rather smaller on the ante- rior portion, but not interrupted in front; hood short. Muzzle small, short, transversely oval; mouth ditto; disk bordered with a double row of slender cylindrical papilla, radiately striate, without a frill, indented below. Renal papilla subcylindrical, distinct, not sessile on the anal, which is larger, with slender subcylindrical papillz projecting from the orifice. Infra-anal tubercle to the right, prominent, distinct, smaller than the anal. Formula, : ° 3(1+-4—11—14+1)3 Gould unites deaurata and Magellanica as varieties of one spe- cies under the former name; but if, as seems probable, the two are identical, the latter name should be used, as it precedes deaw- rata, both in the Syst. Nat. and the Conchylien Cabinet, in both text and plates. The latter work, however, not being binomial, should not be quoted as an authority for specific names. Patella ferruginea, Wood, according to Hanley, is identical with deau- rata, and also P. fusca, Dillwyn, but not the fusca of Gmelin. - Gould separates ferruginea, however, as a distinct species by the animal. This genus differs essentially from Patella, as typified by P. vulgata, in anatomy, external characters and dentition. 274 FAMERICAN JOURNAL It is not improbable that a large number of tropical species will eventually be referred to it, when their soft parts shall have been examined. Pending such an examination, it is not worth while to so refer any species which have not been dissected, even pro- visionally. 1 suspect, however, that P. granularis and some allied forms will be found to agree more nearly with Patinella than with Patella, as restricted. PATINELLA, sp. indet. Plate 165, fig. 25. Mantle bordered with two rows of fleshy elongated papilla. Foot with a scalloped flounce or frill extending all around except under the head. Muzzle short, broad; disk fringed with beauti- fully arborescent papillz ; indented below. Anus prominent, stellate with five rays, richly papillose inside ; renal and infra-anal papillz small, inconspicuous, close to anal. A specimen of a very large Paéinella, without any shell or number by which the species might be identified, was found in the bottle with known Magellan species. It afforded a second opportunity of figuring the dentition of this genus, and was noteworthy in the particulars just mentioned. Genus NACELLA, Schum. Nacella, Schum., Essai d’un Nouv. Syst. 1817, p. 179. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 165: in Patellidee. Ibid., Guide Moll. 1857, p. 169; in Tecturide. : < Nacella, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i, p. 378. Woodw., Man. p. 155. Conrad, } ossil: Mollusca, American Journal of American Journal of Conchology — 1870. Plate Il. WH Dall, On the Limpets Plate 15 American Journal of € onchology — 1870. WH Dall, On the Limpets American Journal of ¢ onchology. 1870 Flate-lo WH. Dall, On the Lumpets ‘¢ cod ~_ AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NEW SERIES. PUBLISHED BY THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vout. VI: 1870-71. Part 4. Annual Meeting Dec. 1st, 1870. Ten members present. Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the chair. Several additions to the Museum and Library were announced, The following papers, offered for publication in the Journal. were referred to committees : “‘ Descriptions of Nudibranchiate Mollusca inhabiting Poly- nesia, No. 1.” By Wm. Harper Pease. “Notes on some new forms of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusea found in Trinidad.” By R. J. L. Guppy. “On the Lingual Dentition of Pompholyx effusa.” By W. G. Binney and Thomas Bland. ‘‘ Paleontological Notes.” By T. A. Conrad. “On the Opercula of the family Strepomatide.” By W. D. Hartman, M. D. “Note on Waldheimia pulvinata, Gld.” By J. G. Cooper, i\) ae OF ‘Notes on Gadinia and Rowellia.”” By J. G. Cooper, M. D. 21 298 AMERICAN JOURNAL ‘“‘ Additions and corrections to Catalogue of Monterey Mol- lusca.”’ By J. G. Cooper, M. D. ‘Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works.” By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. The Annual Reports of the Recorder, Secretary, Conservator, Librarian and Publication Committee were read. (See Ap- pendix.) The following gentlemen were elected Officers of the Section for the ensuing year: DIRECTOR, . ‘ W.S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D. VicE-DIRECTOR, . GHO. W. TRYON, JR. RECORDER, . : S. R. ROBERTS. SECRETARY, . : REV. E. R. BEADLE. TREASURER, . : WM. L. MACTIER. CONSERVATOR, . EDW. J. NOLAN, M. D. OF CONCHOLOGY. 299 DESCRIPTIONS OF NUDIBRANCHIATE MOLLUSCA, IN- HABITING POLYNESIA. BY W. HARPER PEASE. The following series of nudibranchiate mollusca was collected by Mr. Andrew Garrett, and the drawings from which the fig- ures are taken were made by him from the living specimens, and may be relied on as strictly accurate. It will be noticed, that with few exceptions all the Genera heretofore described from the East Indies by Dr. Kelaart, Mr. A. Adams and Alder and Han- cock, inhabit Polynesia. I do not discover, however, that any one species is common to the two localities. Our knowledge at present is too limited to allow us to offer any idea as to the distribution of genera and species over the tropics, or compare them with those inhabiting the temperate regions. As the anatomy of the genera is worked out, especially of the widely diverse forms now included under genus Doris, which abound over Polynesia, it will be found necessary to separate many now confounded, especially those supposed to be common to the tropi- cal and temperate provinces. It becomes more evident from year to year, as our researches extend, that the distribution of the ‘genera of shell-bearing mollusca is confined to isothermal lines, and such will prove to be the case with the above order, with few exceptions. Genus DORIOPSIS, Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1860, p 82. The above genus, founded on a species inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands, has been confirmed by two others from south- ern Polynesia, which agree with the type in their generic char- acters, though specifically widely distinct. The genus may now be characterized as follows : “Body oblong, oval, depressly convex above, surrounded equally on all sides by a flat, depressed marginal mantle, cover- 300 AMERICAN JOURNAL ing the head and foot. Dorsal tentacles two, lamellate and re- tractile. Oral tentacles none. Branchiz simple, linear, pin- nate, surrounding the posterior end of the body, retractile into a semicircular slit.” In the Transactions of the Zool. Soc., London, 1864, p. 124, Messrs. Alder and Hancock adopt the above name Doridopsis * for a genus inhabiting India. The species cannot be distinguished externally from the typical forms of Doris. The authors dis- covered, however, that the mouth was suctorial, without teeth or jaws. From this peculiarity, I propose to distinguish it by the name of ‘‘ Hanstellodoris,” the names of both the authors being pre-occupied. I take occasion to note that the genus Phyllobranchus (Alder and Hancock) Trans. Zool. Soc., London, 1864, p. 145, is synonymous with Polybranchia (Pease) Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon- don, 1860, p. 141. This genus differs widely from any previ- ously described and may be easily recognized. The only differ- ence between the species described by Alder and Hancock from India and those inhabiting Polynesia, is that the branchial lobes on the former are slightly indented at their upper termi- nation. On examining several specimens after the original description was published, I came to the conclusion that the radiating lines enclosed in the lobes were not branchive, and consequently changed the name of the genus to ‘“ Lobifera.” As Messrs. Alder and Hancock have decided them to be true branchie, the original name should be retained. DoRIOPSIS SCABRA, Pease. Plate 19, fig. 2, a, b, c. Body coriaceous, subpellucid, pale orange yellow, oval, rounded above, slightly the widest at the middle, covered with minute filiform asperities.: ' Dorsal tentacles remote, oblong ovate, mucronate, erect, closely lamellate, retractile into simple cavities, peduncles short. Branchiz small, plumules 10, linear, pinnate, procumbent, decreasing in length either way from the two central ones, pro- jecting beyond the mantle posteriorly. Head without labial appendages. Foot oblong oval. Dorsal tentacles and branchive colorless. Length, six-tenths of an inch. Habitat, Tahiti. Station, (under stones, in the upper region of the laminarian zone. Motions extremely sluggish. A.G.) * The letter d was dropped for the sake of euphony. OF CONCHOLOGY. 301 DoRIOPSIS VIRIDIS, Pease. Plate 19, fig. 1, a, 6, ec. Proc. Zool. Soe., London, 1861, p. 244. We furnish a figure of this species in further illustration of the genus. ? TRIOPA GRACILIS, Pease. Plate 19, figs. 3, a, 5, ¢, d. Body elongate, narrow, rounded above, becoming laterally compressed behind the branchiz, and tapering to an acute point posteriorly, rounded in front; subpellucid, pale cream color, and ornamented with small acute orange yellow papille. Margin of the mantle provided with a series of tentacular pro- cesses, which are the largest in front, and diminishing gradually posteriorly. Head conspicuous and furnished with small cylindrical taper- ing appendages. Dorsal tentacles ovate, mucronate, coarsely obliquely lamel- lated, subretractile (so that the tips are only visible). Eyes distinct, immediately behind the tentacles. Branchial star about the middle of the body, very small, much narrower than the mantle, plumules eight, rounded, arborescent, and retractile into a simple common cavity. Vent a prominent tube. Foot very thin, pellucid, colorless, widest anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly, where it is wider and longer than the body. . Length one inch. Habitat, Huaheine. Station, (on sea weed at low water mark. Motions lively. ALG.) Remarks. I refer the above species to genus Triopa with some doubt, being hardly probable that it is related generically to the species inhabiting Great Britian, on which the genus was founded. No species, so far as I can learn, has been described from the tropics. One has been discovered at the Cape of Good Hope and one from South Australia. TREVELYANA PICTA, Pease. Pl. 20, fig. 1. Animal pellucid, smooth, very delicate, considerably com- pressed, dorsal region much elevated at the middle, where it is also the widest, tapering either way, more suddenly posteriorly. Color pale watery white, and conspicuously marked with a few remote, bright orange red circular spots, some of which are 302 AMERICAN JOURNAL elevated, forming rounded tubercles. Foot margined with orange. Dorsal tentacles small, compressed, oblong, ovate, tips rounded, erect and furnished with about twelve very oblique coarse lamellze, retractile into simple cavities, the upper and anterior portions bright orange red. Labial tentacles fused into a veil, which is notched in front. Branchial star large, non retractile, wider than the body and consisting of twelve or more suberect, bipinnate plumules, of a narrow lanceolate form, encircling the vent, which is a simple orifice, rachis of the plumules bright orange red. Foot large, very thin, much wider than the body, truncate in front, widest on the posterior half, lance pointed behind and projecting con- siderably behind the body. Length, two and a half inches. Habitat. Island of Huaheine. GONIOBRANCHUS ALBOMACULATUS, Pease. Plate 20, fig. 2, a,b,c. American Jour. of Conch., vol. 2, 1866, p. 204. BoRNELLA ARBORESCENS, Pease. Plate 20, fig. 3, a,b,c. Body smooth, subpellucid, elongate, rounded above, somewhat compressed, tapering posteriorly into a bifid tip. Branchial processes six on each side of the back, opposite, cylindrical, tapering to a point, the first trifid, the succeeding four bifid, and the last simple; from the inner axille of each process arises small, pinnate branchiz. The head furnished anteriorly with two stellated processes, the rays being about ten or twelve in number, unequal in size. Mouth just in front of the locomotive disk, and between the stellated processes. ° Tentacles compressed, lanceolate, pinnate, retractile into large cylindrical tapering sheaths, which terminate in four un- equal tapering branches. Foot or locomotive disk narrow and grooved. At the base of the tentacular sheaths are immersed two black specks, which, possibly, may be eyes. Color pale cream yellow, finely reticulated with orange and the upper por- tion of all the processes zoned with orange red. oot color- less. Length, one and a half inches. Habitat. Tahiti. Remarks. In addition to the two species collected by Mr. Adams, during Voy. Samarang, on which the genus was founded, _ two others have been discovered inhabiting Ceylon and South OF CONCHOLOGY. 303 Australia. The above is the most nearly allied to B. digitata (A. Ad.) from which it differs in the number and character of its branchial and tentacular processes, Xe. As remarked by Mr. Adams, the animal lives on sea weed, for which its foot is adapted, is active and occasionally swims by rapid lateral undulations of its body. PLACOBRANCHUS GRACILIS, Pease. Plate 21, fig. 1, a, b. Animal oblong, depressed, tapering posteriorly and truncate behind. Head broad, cordiform in front. Tentacles tapering, involute. Eyes black, on a slight prominence between the ten- tacles. Veil cordiform in front and slightly auriculate. Color cream yellow, with shades of a pale dove color, sides shaded with light ochre yellow. The posterior end margined with violet, also the anterior edge of the head and veil. Tentacles annulated with violet near their tips and a shade of the same color beneath. The upper surface is closely ocellated with small, irregular sized, olivaceous yellow round dots, with whitish irides. Along the sides and on the front of the head the ocelli are larger, with bluish green pupils, black and white rings. The lower surface is bluish white and closely ocellated with irregular sized oliva- ceous yellow pupils and white irides. Branchize deep grass green. Length, two inches. Habitat. Tahiti. PLACOBRANCHUS VARIEGATUS, Pease. Plate 21, fig. 2, a,b. Animal smooth, elongate, oblong, truncate behind, sides nearly parallel, and slightly tapering posteriorly. Head large, broad, rounded and slightly emarginate in front. Tentacles large, grooved and blunt. Hyes approximating on a prominent tuber- cle, between the hinder bases of the tentacles. Veil well de- veloped, rounded in front, auriculate, with a slight anterior emargination. Color pale brownish grey, paler beneath. The upper part covered with closely set ocelli; those on the mantle have ochre yellow pupils, and white irisis; among them are interpersed a few black dots and rings. Along the sides, the pupils of the ocelli are rich yellow. The ocelli on the head have yellow pupils and white irisis. Beneath the ocelli are much more remote, and have black pupils. The branchiz are rich green. Length, two and a half inches. Habitat. Island of Huaheine. 304 AMERICAN JOURNAL Station, (on sea weed in sheltered places. They are very active and when at rest the tentacles are recumbent, like the ears of a rabbit. A.G.) PTEROGASTERON MARGINATUS, Pease. Plate 21,fig. 3. Mantle lobes, when spread out, oblong cordate, margins some- what waved. Tentacles stout, ear shaped and somewhat involute. On the interior surface of the mantle lobes, three pale lines radiate from the posterior part of the body on its left side and two on the right, one of the latter bifurcate, which probably are the branchiee. Color olivaceous green, gradually becoming greenish white beneath ; somewhat remotely dotted with black and opaque white. Mantle lobes margined with orange, white and black. There is a tinge of orange at the tips of the tentacles and an oblong white spot on each. ‘The inner surface of the lobes is the same color as without, but paler and fewer spots. Length, two and a half inches. Habitat. Island of Huaheine. PTEROGASTERON RUFESCENS, Pease. Plate 22, figs. 1, a,b,c. Animal rather slender, truncated behind. Color rufous brown passing into whitish beneath, and olivaceous brown on the head. Closely spotted with small, irregular, greenish white spots, which gives the ground color a reticulated appearance. Front of the head, in the region of the lips, white. Tentacles lineated with greenish white, and tinged with violet on their outer part. Mantle lobes edged with dark lead color, and an intramarginal orange line. Disk pale with opaque white spots. Inner surface of the lobes edged the same as outside, but the ground color is greenish lead, becoming paler centrally, with whitish spots, and remotely punctured with vermillion. Eyes pale with black pupils. Length, one and a quarter inches. Habitat. Tahiti. PTIEROGASTERON NIGROPUNCTATUS, Pease. Plate 22, figs 2, Teele per cual Mantle lobes rounded behind; tentacles stout, upper lip bilobed ; locomotive disk small. Color olive green, clouded with darker, paler beneath, and finely reticulately veined with darker green. The whole surface with small irregular whitish spots and punctured with jet black, the latter small beneath, larger OF CONCHOLOGY. 305 and crowded along the margins of the mantle lobes, and on the tentacles. The inner surface differs but slightly, being only much paler centrally and unclouded. Length, one inch. Habitat. Tahiti. Remarks. There is little doubt but that the branchiz in this genus are immersed in the surface of the mantle lobes, radiating in lines from the body, as in genus Placobranchus. Elysia grandifolia, E. punctata and EH. cerulea, (Kelaart) inhabiting Ceylon, belong to the above genus. The provisional name, Hydropsyche, proposed for the genus by Dr. Kelaart, being pre-occupied, the above will take precedence. 306 AMERICAN JOURNAL NOTES ON SOME NEW FORMS OF TERRESTRIAL AND FLUVIATILE MOLLUSCA FOUND IN TRINIDAD. BY R. J. LECHMERE GUPPY. L. Mr. Thomas Bland communicated in 1868, to the American Journal of Conchology (vol. iv, pt. 4), a memoir on the land shells of Trinidad and other islands. Since the discoveries referred to by Mr. Bland in that paper, I have detected some additional species, two of which appear to belong to genera pre- viously unknown. ‘The descriptions of some of these shells have been published in the Proceedings of the Scientific Associa- tion of Trinidad for December, 1868; but further notice of them, and especially of the new genus Auwtonoe, may be of inter- est. Other species are now herein described for the first time. The genus Autonoe was created by me, in the publication above mentioned, for a shell which bears a certain resemblance to a Melampus, but differs from that genus, especially in its texture, which resembles that of a land-shell. I append the following technical diagnosis of the genus. AUTONOE, n. gen. Plate 17, Fig. 1. Testa tenuis, cornea, ovato-obconoidalis; anfr. ultimus com- pressus, superne paulum angulatus; spira brevis, conoidalis ; apertura elongata, angusta, ante paulum dilatata; peristoma simplex; columella valde torta, arcuata, plicis fortibus munita. Autonoe riparia, the species on which the genus is founded, is a nearly smooth ovate-obconoidal shell of about five whorls, whitish under a straw-colored epidermis. The aperture is nearly the length of the shell, widened below, the inner lip covered with a callus and furnished with a strong plait. The columella is strongly twisted. Length 10 mill., breadth, 6 mill. I found one example only on Mayaro Point, amongst the bushes, some ten or twelve feet above the highest limit reached by the waves of the sea, a habitat, it will be noticed, very simi- lar to that of the Auriculide. OF CONCHOLOGY. 307 IT. Two species of small heliciform land- shells, of which I gave bea ig in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4 ser. i, p. 440), under the names respectively of Zonites imple- cans, an Z. umbratilis, require pictorial illustration to render clearer their differences. I take the opportunity of appending sketches of them.* Plate 17, figs. 2 and 3 Two other species present some resemblance to, the Hela harpa of Say, and probably may be found to belong to the same group (Zodgenetes of Morse). These I have described in the Proceedings of the Scientific Association of Trinidad (Dec., 1868), as Helix terensis and H. ceca. Of the former, I append a sketch. Pl. 17, fig. 4. H. cwca differs in being more elevated and less openly umbilicated, and in having a nearly circular rather than a lunate aperture. Mr. Ralph Tate has found #. terensis in Venezuelan Guiana and St. Lucia, and in Nicaragua he has discovered an allied form (H. cecoides, Tate). Helix bactricola, a species described by me in the Annals of Natural History (1. ¢.), is of a very different type. The sketch (pl. 17, fig. 5), does not exhibit very clearly the character of the costellation, but it will serve to give an idea of the shape of the shell. The ornamentation is of the same character as that of H. rotundata, Miill., and H. perspectiva, Say, and the shape of the whorls and umbilicus is also similar. H. bactricola is much more elevated; but that character, although it might be scarcely in accordance with the existing technical definition of the group Patula (depressa, discoidea, vel turbinata), ought not, in my opinion, to exclude the Trinidad species from it. ELE I have recently been fortunate enough to discover additional examples of Bulimulus aureolus. The specimens from which the species was described by me in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1866) were young and imperfect. The adult shell has 6$—T whorls; its lip is acute and slightly effuse. It is generally of the most beautiful transparent yellow, but I have found some white examples, and a banded variety is not uncom- mon. ‘The latter bears considerable resemblance to B. multz- * There was an error in my original description of Z. wmbratils. The umbilicus is not weder than in Z. ¢mplicans, but it is deeper. The figures here given are of extreme forms. 308 AMERICAN JOURNAL fasciatus, but, on the whole, the nearest alliance of the species seems to me to be with B. pecilus, d’Orb. I think that the shell described by me as variety ¢mperfectus may be referred to this species, rather than to B. multifasciatus or Vincentinus. Another form of B. aureolus occurs in Tobago, specimens hav- ing been kindly furnished me by Governor Rawson, C. B. This variety (which I propose to call Rawsonz) is exceedingly remark- able as bearing the same relation to the Trinidad B. aureolus, as the Tobagan form of Bulimus oblongus does to the Trinidad type of that species. There are, therefore, the following forms of Bulimulus aureolus :— Var. @ typicus, (yellow). Var. § albescens, (white). Var. 7 fasciatus, (banded). Var. 0 imperfectus, (small banded). Var. ¢ Rawson, (dead white with yellow umbilicus and apex). The following are the dimensions of a large example of the typical form: Length, 26 millimetres; greatest breadth, 10 mill. ; height of aperture, 10 mill. I add a figure of var. «. Pl. 17, fig. 6. A single example of Simpulopsis corrugatus, lately found by me, although not quite adult, has enabled me to ascertain the characters of the dentition of the genus, which resemble those of Suecinea more than I had anticipated. The odontophore is moderately large, but the individual teeth are very minute, and resemble those of Succinea, particularly, perhaps, S. ovalis. IV. A visit recently made by me to the Cerros of Oropuche, in the eastern part of the northern chain of mountains of Trinidad, furnished me with two new forms of Gasteropoda. In the same district, I found specimens of the Diplommatina, previously dis- covered near the Maracas water-fall. Its occurrence in the almost untrodden mountains of Oropuche impressed me strongly in favor of its claims to be considered an indigenous and not an intro- duced species, a question upon which there has been some con- troversy. It seems to me improbable that an introduced species of so delicate a nature as the Diplommatina should be found so far up in these forest-clad hills. In the present communication, I include an account of a new Planorbis, a Buliminus, and an Ancylus, lately found by me in Trinidad. OF CONCHOLOGY. 309 HYALINA ALICBA, n. sp. Shell depressed, planorbiform, white, rather evenly convex above, and openly umbilicate beneath ; whorls 5—6, subcarinate rather below the middle, marked by close and fine sinuate lines of growth, the last whorl descending more than the others; apex scarcely above the level of the penultimate whorl ; aperture rather semioval, narrowed above and produced in breadth by the imperfect carination of the whorl; lip sharp; peristome pro- duced above and retreating below; umbilicus open, showing all the whorls. Greatest breadth 8 millimetres, height 23 mill. In shape, this shell approaches H. concolor, Fér., but its color is more nearly that of Macrocyclis concava, and in size it is much smaller than either of those species. It is not altogether unlike the H. skiaphila of D’Orbigny’s South American shells, but it differs in being flatter and in the tendency to carination of the whorls. BLANDIELLA, n. gen. Testa imperforata, cylindrica, cornea, vix nitens, anfr. nume- Tosi, convexiusculi, lente accrescentes, sinuato-costellati; ulti- mus paulum productus; apex obtusus, truncatus; apertura sub- ovalis ; peristoma expansum, continuum, paulum reflexum. Oper- culum paucispirale, interné cartilagineum, externé calcareum, rugosum. Testa Geomelanie similis, sed sine appendice linguiforme. This genus is allied to Geomelania, from which it is distin- guished by the peculiar operculum, and the want of a linguiform appendage to the labrum. BLANDIELLA RECLUSA, n. sp. PI. 17, figs. T and 8. Shell cylindrical, whitish-horny, rather solid; whorls 5—6 when adult, about 4 having been lost by truncation ; each whorl adorned with about 30 fine, slightly-sinuate riblets; peristome white, shining, thickened, continuous, somewhat reflected, espe- cially anteriorly. Operculum pauci-spiral, the outer surface cal- careous and roughened by a series of somewhat irregular elongate tubercles or ridges, highest near the outer margin; the inner cartilaginous layer forming thin edges beyond the outer layer. Length of shell (exclusive of the part lost by truncation) 7 mill., greatest breadth 24 mill. I have examined the lingual dentition of this species, and it seems to me to indicate that the proper place of the genus (prob- ably with all the Acieulide and Truncatellide) is intermediate between the Cyclophoride and the Paludinide. I should, there- 310 AMERICAN JOURNAL fore, place it provisionally in the Phaneropneumona, in a sepa- rate order from the Rhipidoglossal mollusks allied to Cyclostoma and Helieina. . Hyalina alicea and Blandiella reclusa have hitherto only been found on the Oropuche mountains. BULIMINUS PILOSUS, n. sp. Plate 17, fig. 9. Shell oblong conic, rather thin; horny-brown-colored, coy- ered with a fine, but not very close pubescence; whorls about 6, rather ventricose, and separated by a deep suture, the last whorl forming nearly two-thirds of the length of the shell; apex obtuse; aperture oval, slightly oblique; peristome acute, columella broadly reflected over the deep umbilicus. Length 14 mill., breadth 7 mill., height of aperture 6 mill. This species (which I refer to the same genus as B. montanus: and £B. obscwrus) is related to a form collected in Venezuelan Guiana by Mr. ‘Tate, and, so far as I know, undescribed as yet. But the latter has a very close pubescence, arranged in fine spiral lines. It is also larger, and its peristome is thickened and everted, a feature I have not observed in our shell. The Venezuelan shell forms a white calcareous epiphragm. ‘The only species of d’Orbigny’s which bear any resemblance to B. pilosus are B. crepundia and B. trichodes, whose proportions are much more elongate. The genus Buliminus does not seem to be represented in the West Indies, unless the shell now described, and that from Do- minica, named by me B. stenogyroides, should prove to belong to it, which I think probable. PLANORBIS MENISCUS, n. sp. Shell depressed, brownish horn-colored, diaphanous, gently convex above; apex sunk, base slightly concave; whorls about 5, rounded above, flattened beneath ; aperture nearly semilunate, its basal margin nearly straight, owing to the flattening of the whorls. The Planorbis now described approaches nearest to P. parop- seides, a species described by d’Orbigny, from South America. In the form of the whorls and aperture, there is much resem- blance between these species, but ours differs in being larger and thicker. My largest specimen measures 6 mill. in extreme width, and its greatest thickness (= height of last whorl) is 1} mill. Chatham River, Erin., Trinidad. OF CONCHOLOGY. 311 ANCYLUS TEXTILIS, n. sp. Pl. 17, figs. 9, 10, 11. Shell suboval, rather depressed, thin, horny-brown-colored, minutely decussate; apex recurved towards the right margin, which it approaches rather closely. A large example measures in length 6 mill., in breadth 4 mill. This Ancylus is near to A. culicordes, d’Orb., from Guayaquil, but most of my examples are of more oval figure, and the apex is generally more decidedly recurved. There is considerable variation in the proportions of the shell, some examples resem- bling A. concentricus, VOrb. Small specimens are liable to a peculiar monstrosity, consisting in the development of a plate, joining more or less extensively the margins of the aperture. This plate is usually slightly convex, and when, as in some cases, only a small opening is left for the exit of the animal, the edges of the opening are a little produced and everted. Fig. 11 shows this form; Fig. 10 shows the aperture partly closed; Fig. 9 is the upper surface. Chatham and Santa Cruz Rivers, Trinidad. Bland has suggested-to me that Ancylus teatilis is a Gund- lachia. In all the largest examples which I have seen, there is no trace of the septum commonly found in young shells, and occasionally present in older or medium-sized individuals, such as those of which I give figures. A number of young specimens, developed in my aquarium, showed the septum, but many of equal size had no sign of it. I should say, then, that my species is an Ancylus, which has sometimes, in its young state, the pecu- liar character of Gundlachia, but rarely so in its older state. 312 AMERICAN JOURNAL ON THE LINGUAL DENTITION OF POMPHOLYX EFPFUSA. BY THOMAS BLAND AND W. G. BINNEY. In the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, vol. ix, p. 290, we described and figured the lingual dentition of Pompholyx effusa. We now give a more detailed illustration on plate 18. The individuals examined were among the specimens from which the species was, in the first instance, described. They were received by us from the Smithsonian Institution, with Dr. Lea’s original label. ‘There can, therefore, be no doubt about their identity. The figures were obtained by photography, the negatives being taken directly from the microscope by our friend Mr. Sam. Powel. This process secures absolute accuracy up to the point of trans- ferring the outlines upon the lithographic stone. Here, of course, we are dependent upon the fidelity of the artist. To the description of the lingual already published, which we copy below, we have added more details regarding the recurved apex of the laterals. | Lingual membrane broad, with 22.1.22 teeth. Central teeth long, narrow, widening and knobby at the base; apex recurved, and produced into an obtuse beak. Laterals nine on each side of the central line, in a straight, transverse row, wide, quad- rate, apex recurved, prolonged beyond the base of the tooth in a more or less broad blunt beak, which is normally furnished at either side with a short, sharp denticle. Marginals about.thirteen on each side of the median line, in oblique, transverse rows, not attached to a plate, simple and not recurved; the first eight from the extreme lateral edge of the membrane long, narrow, arm- shaped, terminating in a wrist-like contraction and hand-like expansion, strongly digitate. The remaining marginals gradu- ally changing into the shape of the laterals, but still not merging into them, the line of demarcation being strongly marked. There is great variation in the beak-like projection of the re- curved apex of the laterals, and still more in the digitation of the marginals. OF CONCHOLOGY. 313 REFERENCE TO PuaTE 18. Figure Crepresents the central tooth and one complete series of laterals on the upper line; the lower line gives only the fourth to the ninth lateral with the first marginal. Figure A represents a group of teeth to illustrate the merging of the laterals into the marginals. The numerals on this and the other figures give the count of the teeth from the central line. Figure E gives one line of teeth from the sixth lateral to within two teeth of the extreme edge of the membrane. It illus- trates the passage from the laterals through the five intermediate marginals into the eight extreme marginals, as described above. Figure B shows several of the outer marginals from another portion of the membrane. All the figures mentioned above are from the same membrane. Fig. D is drawn from another membrane. It gives portions of two lines of teeth, showing centrals and most of the laterals. These last owe, perhaps, their appearance to hard usage or acci- dent, but, as already observed, there is great variety in the re- curved apex of the laterals. 22 314 AMERICAN JOURNAL PALZ[ONTOLOGICAL NOTES. BY T. A. CONRAD. 1. Figure and Reference to Fasciolaria subtenta. FASCIOLARIA, Lam. F. suBtenta, Conrad. Pl. 13, fig. 3. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1864, p. 211. 2. Synopsis of the Hocene species of Catinus. CATINUS, Link. CG. ernrx.. Pl. 13; fig. 4, 7. Obliquely oval, stria numerous, close, wrinkled; volutions 4, convex; spire very small, apex pointed; aperture effuse, oval, umbilicus small. Q. bili, Conrad.” Amer. Journ. Science, vol. xiii, p. 344, ~ July, 1838. Natica striata Lea. Contrib. p. 105, pl. 4, fig. 88. Var. declivus, fig. 2. Slightly flattened on the disk towards the ventral margin; strive very fine, shell rather thick. The sculpture varies; in some specimens the lines are broad and divided by minute lines, in others the lines are fine, unequal or alternated and somewhat waved. This species probably agrees with the subgenus WVaticina, Gray. C. arctatus. Pl. 13, fig. 6. Discoidal, thin, flattened anteriorly, volutions 4, sculpture consisting of minute, unequal, much-wrinkled lines; base flat- tened or slightly concave, umbilicus closed in adult specimens by the reflexed labium; aperture oval, patulous. Sigaretus arctatus, Conrad, Foss. Shells of Tert. p. 45, Aug. 1833. Locality. Claiborne, Ala. OF CONCHOLOGY. 3) 3. Description of anew Fresh- Water and a Land Shell of the Oregon Tertiary. HELIX, Lin. Subgenus Zonites, Montf. H. MARGINICOLA, Conrad. PI. 13, fig. 9. Depressed ; spire scarcely raised above the margin of the last volution; whorls 6, convex-depressed; shoulder of last whorl subangular; umbilicus small; aperture obliquely subquadrate. PLANORBIS. Subgenus SPIRORBIS ? Swains. P. tunatus, Conrad. Pj. 13, fig. 8. Spire profoundly depr essed with a subangular margin; um- bilicus with a rounded margin, profound, and exhibiting 6 volu- tions ; aperture narrow, lunate. Locality. Bridge Creek, Oregon. Dr. Leidy informs me that these two shells were found by Rey. Thomas Condon, of Dallas City, Oregon. They were in the same rock which -contains the remains of Oreodon superbus, Leidy, Lephiodon and Rhinoceros. 316 AMERICAN JOURNAL ON THE OPERCULA OF THE FAMILY STREPOMATIDZ. BY W. D. HARTMAN, M. D. Having enjoyed facilities for the comparison of large quanti- ties of opercule of the various genera of the family Strepomatide, undertaken chiefly with a view to discover differences that might exist in this organ between allied species, I find it exhibiting as a family trait a homogeneousness of structure not usual in mol- luscous animals. In speaking of the opercule of this family writers usually designate them as corneous. They probably differ from true horn in the larger percentage of siliceous or cal- careous matter entering into their composition, a condition inferred from their brittleness and the ability with which they resist corroding influences. The organ in question, upon which so much of the safety of this helpless little mollusk depends, is secreted from small grooves or folds in the columellar margin of the operculigerous lobe, situated on the posterior part of the foot of the animal. These grooves are successively developed during the several stages of growth, and are more readily seen in the foot of an alcoholic specimen of some of the larger species from which the operculum has been forced off than in one perfectly fresh. The operculum is composed of semi-concentric or paucis- spiral laminz or plates, each of which (as the animal matures) is more narrow and thicker next the columella and becomes wider and thinner as they approach the junction of the labrum with the body whirl. At every stage of growth the new lamina (which is partly overlapped by the preceding one) describes a larger are of a circle, which imparts the paucis-spiral or fan-like form to the adult operculum. ‘lhe imbricated arrangement of the lamina, visible to a certain extent by transmitted light under a low power, is more strikingly developed after boiling the operculum for a few moments in liquor potassa and moderate compression between two pieces of glass. It will then be evident that this organ is composed of semi-concentric plates, which are renewed from the columellar margin of the proligerous lobe, each layer being within and partly beneath the preceding one, like tile on aroof. Each plate is thicker on the columellar margin and tapers OF CONCHOLOGY. uly 4 off to a very thin edge, which, in its turn, is overlapped by the thick columellar margin of the preceding plate. The usual form of the operculum of such Strepomatids as I have examined is oval or subtriangular, embracing a spiral of three or four turns, the polar point being near the base, but they are subject to such great deviation that, of large numbers belonging to the genera Goniobasis, Eurycelon, Schizostoma and Leptovis, the usual form is that of a sub-spiral, the central lamina exhibiting the spiral character, having become abraded or worn off. In the genera Trypanostoma, Strephobasis, Lithasia and Jo, the operculum is similar in structure to the genera before mentioned, the shape in Trypanostoma being usually oval, while in the latter it is sub- triangular. In these genera it is stouter in proportion to the size, more coarsely laminated, less elastic and with an oval de- pression at the polar point, its small size enabling the animal to retire to a position far within the aperture, where the closure becomes perfect. It would seem that the central portion of the operculum, having been secreted in the earlier stages of the ani- mal’s existence, the plates of which it is composed are thinner and more elastic at this point, and owing to the continued action of the foot in closing the aperture, the concavity is produced which is observed in these genera. In several genera the oper- cula, when dried, present a more or less twisted appearance, which is due to their varying thickness and the shape of the aperture into which they are forcibly drawn by the animal during their growth. In Goniobasis Showalteri, Lea, and Leptoxis rubiginosa, Lea, . this organ, in some individuals inhabiting still water, presents a continuous growth. ‘The earlier formed laminz, of which it is composed, is pushed off from the proligerous lobe in the direction of the labium, forming a free margin as in the human nail ; in such specimens the spiral character of the operculum is absent, ths organ forming a long wedge-shaped ribbon, the free end of which coils inward, partly by the force of its own elasticity, but chiefly from the direction given by the imbricated arrangement of its lamine.* In many specimens of operculz the polar point men- tioned by authors is not the centre of the spiral, the centre hay- ing been broken off in the continuous growth just alluded to, but that which is taken for the polar point is a folding or partial twisting upon itself near the base of the aperture of each plate of which it is composed, constituting, in the great majority of instances, the form met with in the genera Goniobasis, Hurycelon, Schizostoma and Leptoris. With these genera the margin of the * See Lea’s Obs., vol. 9, page 42, pl. 24, fig. 4. 318 AMERICAN JOURNAL operculum in contact with the labrum is generally more or less de- tached from the foot; it is also much thinner and more elastic at this point, an arrangement conducing to greater flexibility, and, as a consequence, the animal is enabled to retire farther within the aperture where the closure becomes complete. In Leptoxis Foremanii, Lea, that portion of the operculum in contact with the labrum presents a beautiful, serrated appear- ance (plate 21, fig. 4), and is the only one of this character ob- served in the examination of a wide range of species. The color of the opercule of the Strepomatide, when viewed by transmitted light, is usually a dark reddish brown, while a few are of a pale brown or a light yellow color. In the adult operculum, beside the whole inner surface being strengthened by a general deposit from the operculigerous lobe, there are often two or three bands running from the polar point towards the superior angle, and some of the larger species of Goniobasis and Schizostoma present, on their inner surface, fasciculi of irregular, radiating striz, which seem- ingly strengthen the attachment of this organ to the operculi- gerous lobe. In foreign Melanidw the growth and structure of the opercu- lum is similar to the Strepomatide, except that it is more finely laminate and the spiral character is always present, a condition probably owing to their inhabiting still water, while the Strepo- matids are generally denizens of rapid and rocky streams. So far as I have examined, with one exception,* the number of spiral turns in the operculum of native and foreign Melaniens bear no relation to the number of whirls in the shell, the deposit of the semi-concentric plates being seemingly limited only by the growth of the animal and the necessity for a perfect closure of the aperture of the shell, The spiral character of the operculum indicates the design (so far as it relates to the external covering in this family) to carry out the bi-lateral form. When the animal retires within the shell the posterior half of the body is folded on the anterior, resembling, in its action, the shutting of a clasp-knife, after which the head and body is with- drawn, leaving the operculum, which is situated on the end of the tail, to closé the aperture. *TIn Melanca Largilliertz, Phil., the number of turns in the shell and operculum correspond, being seven in each, OF CONCHOLOGY. 319 NOTE ON GADINIA AND ROWELLIA. BY J. G. COOPER, M. D. In Mr. Dall’s late article on Gadinia he founds his description wholly on the species which is the type of Rowellia, and assumes that all former investigators must have been mistaken, because their types did not agree with that before him. A naturalist as cautious in associating similar shells without comparing the soft parts, might have better hesitated before asserting that Dr. Gray, Dr. Philippi and the Adams were all mistaken, because there is a similarity in the shells of the species described and figured by them, to the one which he has alone examined. It is certainly not proved by his assertions that the species are congeneric. The young living specimens found by me at Catalina Island, on which I founded Rowellia, were living on the under sides of stones, between tides, and were submerged during part of the day. Not having means for more than a sketch of their ex- ternal form I made one, resembling that on plate 2, fig. 6. The tentacles in this appear as if ‘‘ pectinated”’ or divided in a ser- rate manner. On comparison of this with the animal figured by the Adams as a Gadinia, (which we may suppose was drawn by one of them from life, while on one of his tropical collecting tours), the differences are so marked that I proposed the sub- genus Rowellia for our species, in honor of the zealous concholo- gist who first obtained it in California. Now, according to Mr. Dall’s own table of synonyms, all preceding names were founded on the Mediterranean species (except, perhaps, Mwretia, D’Orb., preoccupied by Gray as Mouretia.) It is, therefore, still to be proved that Rowellia, of which the anatomy is so well described by Dall, is not a good genus. As to its specific identity with the tropical ‘“ G. retivulata, Sby.,’’ I will not pretend to decide, but as that species is ‘ reti- culate ’’ above, and ours simply radiately ornamented or ribbed, (with occasional concentric lines of growth crossing the rays), it appears safest to consider them distinct until better means of comparison are offered. In the Fssurediide great importance 320 AMERICAN JOURNAL is attached by Carpenter himself to minute details of sculpture, and I have found species, in that family and others, of which the shells are scarcely distinguishable, to differ generically in the soft parts. Mr. Dall says that the “tentacles are consolidated and lost in the expanded lobes of the muzzle.’’ He then proceeds to name these lobes ‘‘ears,”’ although they undoubtedly serve the pur- pose of tentacles, that is, for touch, while their auditory func- tion is doubtful, though possible. His highly magnified figure shows that, instead of being pectinated, the serrated marks are merely colored, (or indicate internal folds, if I understand him.) It is certain that in my young ones the tentacles were sub- circular, and appeared from above flat and lobed. It is quite possible that the young animal is different in form, and really branchiate, afterwards leaving the water and becom- pulmonate. I have found the adult at Santa Cruz above the highest tides as described by Mr. Dall. Larval differences exist among mollusca, quite as strange, and are familiar to us in the higher Batrachia. NOTE ON WALDHEIMIA PULVINATA, GLD. BY J. G. COOPER, M. D. In Mr. Dall’s recent review of the TJerebratulide he makes the statement that the range of distribution given by me, in my Geographical Catalogue, for the above species, namely : “‘ Puget’s Sound to the Arctic Sea,” is “‘ entirely gratuitous.” If Mr. Dall (and others) will look at Dr. P. P. Carpenter’s report to the Brit. Assoc. for 1863, p. 586, they will find “ 7. pulvinata, Gld., Arctic Ocean, gravel 30 fms.,” as collected by Dr. W. Stimpson, and determined by Dr. Gould himself (p. 583). They may also rest assured that I can give good authority for all the ranges of species in the Catalogue. OF CONCHOLOGY. 321 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE CATALOGUE OF MONTEREY MOLLUSCA, PUBLISHED IN THE AMERI- CAN JOUR. CONCHOLOGY, VOL. VI, PART 1, p, 49. BY J. G. COOPER, M. D. Having lately received from Dr. Carpenter a number of speci- mens sent to him for identification, I find eighteen additions to my Catalogue of California Shells, and the following particularly relating to my Monterey collection: Original No. 462. Cat. No. 86. Clementia subdiaphana, Cpr. Range, Str. Fuca to 8. Diego. One valve dredged 20 fms. Also southward. O. No. 373. C.No. 141. Cryptodon serricatus, Cpr. Str. Fuca to Monterey. Cat. I. 3 dredged 30 fms., living. C. No. 594. Alvania reticulata, Cpr. Neeah Bay to Monterey. , One dead. C. No. 599. Barleeia haliotiphila, Cpr. Monterey (to Lower Cal.?) One dead. C. No. 661. Odostomia nuciformis, “var. nitens,’’ Cpr. Mon- terey. One dead. O. No. 427. OC. No. 662. Odostomia satura, Cpr. Neeah Bay to Monterey. One dead, bch. (‘* Not O. gravida, Gld.’’) C. No. 666. Odostomia straminea, Cpr. Monterey to Lower Cal. 1 dead. O. No. 1162. C. No. 680. Chemniteia Gabbiana, Cpr. Is a form of No. 678, teste Carpenter. O. No. 459. C. No. 681. Also considered a var. of C. tor- quata, by Carpenter. O. No. 421. C. No. 683. Considered a form of 671, C. triden- tata, by Carpenter. é: C. No. 704. Cerithiopsis munita, Cpr. Neeah Bay to Cata- lina Id. Rare, dead. 322 AMERICAN JOURNAL O. No. 515. C.No.776. Muricidea squamulifer, Cpr. ‘ Pro- bably = foveolata, Hds., but Barbarensis, Gabb, proba- bly = perita, Hds., both from Lower Cal.” I thus add eight species to the list, drop one, and reduce four to varieties, making the total for Monterey two hundred species. CorrECTIONS—Page 56 et seq. By some unaccountable mistake, the sign + before Catal. Nos. 246, 249, 253, 427, 508, 586, 765, 766, was changed by the printers to *, so that they appear to have been discovered at Monterey instead of elsewhere, though Santa Cruz is correctly | given as the locality, and the table requires eleven + marks. Page 66, No. 680. Omit the words ‘ Carpenter’s list.” Nore. The following should have their northward range ex- tended to Bodega Bay, lat. 88° 15’, where Dr. Newcomb and Mr. Stearns collected them, (see list in Proe. Cal. Acad. Sei., III, 882, 1868): -Nos. 48, 108, 114, 178, 179, 452, 460, 470, 475, 518, 539, 624, 628, 664, 698, 733. OF CONCHOLOGY. 323 NOTICES AND REVIEWS OF NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR. @ BRITISH. Report of the Thirty-ninth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science ; held at Exeter in August, 1869. 8vo. London. On the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Nicaragua. By Rawpu Tate. Conchologia Indica ; being illustrations of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of British India. Edited by Synvancs Hanney and WiniiamM THEOBALD. Part 1, 4to, 20 plates, colored. London, 1870. A very valuable and much-needed work, prepared by gentle- men who thoroughly understand their subject. The text does not include descriptions, but full synonymy and localities. Annals and Magazine cf Natural History, Vol. 5, No. 30. London, June, 1870. F On some Species of Proboscidiferous Gasteropods which in- habit the Seas of Japan. By ArtuuR ADAMS. This paper is a continuation of a list of Japanese Gasteropods noticed by me on several previous occasions. The species of the families Tritonidz, Buccinide, Fasciolari- idx, Volutidz, Cassidze, Doliide and Sycotypidz, collected by the author, are enumerated. The following are new: Simpulum lirostoma, Epidromus reticosus, 3 papilosum, Volutharpa Fischeriana, “4 nodiliratum, Zeuxis clandestina, a tringa, Cyllene gibba. Cabestana dorsuosa. 324 AMERICAN JOURNAL Mr. Adams remarks that Buc. Yessoensis, Schrenck, and Hu- thria badia, A. Ad., belong to Stimpson’s genus Urosalpinz, first described in this Journal. Norwegian Mollusca. By J. GWYN JEFFREYS. This paper gives a list, with remarks, of a large number of species dredged by the author at Drobak in Christianiafiord. The fry of Jsocardia cor is proved, by a complete series of ages, to be identical with Aellia abyssicola, Forbes, Venus mi- haris, Phil., and Kelliella abyssicola, Sars. ‘‘Some of Forbes figean specimens, named by him “Kellia abyssicola, belong to Avinus ferruginosus, and others to the present species ; his de- scription will suit either.” Naera obesa, Lov., is distinct from LV. cuspidata, to which latter the author referred it in his British Conchology. The animal of Scissurella crispata, Fleming (of which S. angu- lata, Loven, is a synonym), is described. Rissoa turgida, nov. spec. Cerithium perversum, Linn., belongs to the genus Triforis. Taranis is the name of a new genus proposed, for Zrophon Morehi, Malm., = Bela demersa, Tiberi. It has no opercu- lum ; the canal is very short and sculpture peculiar. Cylichna acuminata, Brug., belongs to the genus Rhizorus, Montf., or Voluula, A. Ad. No. 31, July, 1870. Mediterranean Mollusca. By J. Gwyn JEFFREYS. This paper embodies the results of several dredgings in vari- ous parts of the Mediterranean, principally from greater depths than heretofore examined. ‘Not the least interesting result from all these Mediterranean dredgings consists in the discovery, in a living or recent state, of several species which had previ- ously been known as fossil only, and were considered extinct. More extended investigation and gradual experience confirm my opinion, published eight years ago (Brit. Conch. i, Introd.), that probably all the Mollusca which lived during the periods repre- sented by our newer Tertiary strata still survive in some part or other of the European seas.”’ Leda acuminata, Jeffreys. Nov. sp. Dentalium gracile, ‘ yt Hela. Novy. gen. type Lacuna tenella, Jeffreys. Odostomia nitens, Jeffreys. Nov. sp. Actcon exilis, “ es OF CONCHOLOGY. 325 No. 32, August, 1870. On some Genera and Species of Gasteropodous Mollusca collected by Mr. M’Andrew in the Gulf of Suez. By ARTHUR ADAMS, Ceratia pyrgula. Corena, n. gen. allied to Onoba. Microstelma coneinna. “ tuberculifera. Rissoa gracilis. Styliferina callosa. Hyala nitida. Syrnola lucida. ** concinna. Orina pinguicula. “pumila. Styloptygma nivea. Diala suceincta. Agatha vitrea. Scalenostoma Deshayesii, Mormula Macandree. FRENCH. Journal de Conchyliologie. 3d Ser. x, No. 3. Paris, July, 1870. 86 pp. 8vo, with one colored and two plain plates. Note sur quelques espeéces du genre Doris décrites par Cuvier. By P. FIiscuer. The author, comparing the types in the Museum of Natural History with the descriptions, makes the following determina- tions : Doris tuberculata. This is the same species as D. tuberculata of Alder and Hancock. Doris stellata and D. levis, both = D. pilosa Miiller. Habitat parasitaire des Mollusques,—Mollusques parasites des Holothuries. By Dr. A. MANzont. Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum, reipublicee Mexicane et Guatemale incolarum. By H. Crosse and P. Fiscuer. Limax Guatemalensis. Zonites Tehuantepecensis. Description de trois especes nouvelles d’Helix d’ Espagne. By Dr. J. G. H1pateo. : H. Montserratensis, HT. semipicta. H, Zapatert. Diagnoses Molluscorum Novee-Caledonice incolarum. By H. Crosser. Scaliola Caledonica, Helix multisuleata. Description d’especes nouvelles de Coquilles marines des cétes d’ Australie. By JoHN BRAzIER. Conus Cooki, Conus Rossitert. 326 AMERICAN JOURNAT Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. By H. Crosse. Bulimus Kuhnholtzianus, Trophon Petterdi, Purpura porphyroleuca, Fossarina Petterdi, Marginella Angasi. Description despeces nouvelles provenant de Tile Maurice. By HE. Lienarp. Conus Sulit, Leptoconchus Robillardi. Note sur le Physa capillata, de Vile Crete. By J. B. Gas- SIES. Note sur une espece nouvelle d’ Avellana du has supérieur. By HE. Dumorrier. Descriptions d’espéces nouvelles du bassin de Paris. By Dr. A. BEZANCON. Description de Coquilles fossiles des terrains tertiaires infe- rieurs (continued). By M. C. Mayrr. Catalogue des Mollusques fossiles des marnes bleues de Biot, pres Antibes (Alpes-Maritimes). By ALFRED BELL. Description de plusieurs espéces fossiles d’ Auriculaces des terraines tertiaires superieurs. By M. R. TouRNourR. Bibliographie. Nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Conducted by Guerin-Méneville. No. 5. Paris, May, 1870. Mollusques nowveaua, litiquex ou peu connus. By M. J. R. Boureuienat. Continued. Helix Henoniana. Algiers. Limnea Martorelli. Spain. Valvata Coronadot, Spain. Spherium Hispanicum, * Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux. 3d Ser. iv, Part 6. Bor- deaux, 1870. Description de Vile de Crete. By M. V. Ravin. In this paper is included a list of the terrestrial fluviatile and marine mollusks, as determined by Messrs. Deshayes and Gas- sies. Physa capillata, Gassies. Nov. spec. There are useful tables of the bathymetrical distribution of the species appended to the paper. OF CONCHOLOGY. 327 Vol. VII, Part 1. Bordeaux, 1870. Melanges Malacologiques. By M. C. Recivz. 1. Table de la Classification des Mollusques lamelli- branches. 2. Monographie du genre Jagonia, Recluz, 1853. This genus includes species described as Lucinas, and belong- ing to the type of Lucina pecten, Lam., L. reticulata, Poli, L. squamosa, Brug., L. muricata, Chemn., ete. Quelques observations sur les Littorines, et catalogue des espéces. 4. Description du Souleyetia, noweau genre de coquille bwalve. S. Moulinsii, Réecluz. Isl. Borneo. This genus appears to be related to Anatina. 5. Description de deux especes de Lavignons. L. Deshayesii. Gulf of St. Tropés in Provence. L. Moulins. Languedoc and Hérault. The author includes in his genus three other species, viz., L. ealeinella, Adanson, L. piperatus, Belon, L. lacteus, Lam., usu- ally known as Serobicularia. 6. Quwest-ce que le Turbo elathrus de Linné et le Venus decussata du meme auteur ? 7. Observations sur 0 Onchidium Celticum de Cuvier. i) . Extract from a letter to Ch. des Moulins, President of the Linneen Socrety, on certain species of Nolen, with an additional note relative to Solen curtus. Faune Conchyliologique marine du département de la Gi- ronde. Supplément. By Dr. P. Fiscuer. This is an important addition to the author's work, published under the foregoing title, as it embraces one hundred Se sixty- eight additional species inhabiting the south-east coasts of France, making the whole number catalogued three hundred and forty- Six species. 328 AMERICAN JOURNAL GERMAN. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. 199th Part. 4to. Nurnberg, 1870. Contains continuation of monograph of Venus, with plates 35—38, illustrating the genus. : Novitates Conchologice. Supplement III. Monographie der Mollusken- gattung Venus, Linné. By Dr. Edward Romer. 24th and 25th Parts, with six colored plates. In this issue is commenced the monograph of the sub-genus Tapes. OF CONCHOLOGY. 329 APPENDIX. LIBRARIAN’S REPORT. The Librarian respectfully reports that there have been pre- sented, during the past year, to the library of the Conchological Section, 104 pamphlets, 5 volumes and an almost complete suite of the publications of the Academy. Of these, 27 were received from Societies, 32 from Editors, 32 from Authors, 6 from Pub- lication Committee, 6 from Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., 2 from Isaac Lea, 1 from Prof. Marsh, and 1 from P. P. Carpenter. The Proceedings and Journal of the Academy were received from J. S. Phillips. In addition, 26 pamphlets and continuations of Conchological works have been received through the Academy. The work of transcribing the revised Catalogue of the Library has been carried on during the year as rapidly as circumstances would permit. All of which is eae submitted, Epwarp J. N OLAN, Librarian. CONSERVATOR’S REPORT. The Conservator of the Conchological Section respectfully reports that the donations to the Cabinet, during the year, have been as follows: From Rev. EH. R. Beapuz. Ten species of Mollusca, princi- pally from St. Martin’s, W. I. H. F. Carpenter. Limnea columella, Say, from Providence, R. I. 23 330 AMERICAN JOURNAL J.C. Cox. One hundred and thirty-four species of Australian and Polynesian land, fresh-water and marine shells. A. O. Currier. A collection of land and fresh-water shells from Nicaragua, including types of several new species form- ing part of the collections of the MacNiel Expedition to Cen- tral America. OEE as ai : ae A GARRETT, DEL Pease Descriptions of Nudibranchiate Mollusca mhabriting Polynesia. Vol. 6. ae Part 4. AMERICAN JSOURNAL OF CONG POTLiOGCe ¥e wy (@ ow mee PUBLICATION COMMITTEE: GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr., Editor, S. R. ROBERTS, E. J. NOLAN, M. D. PHILADELPHIA : Published by Tue ConcHoLoGicaL Section oF THE ACADEMY or NATURAL SOJENCEs, N. W. corner of Broad and Sansom Streets. NEW YORK: LONDON: B. WESTERMANN & Co., No. 440 Broadway. TRUBNER & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row- BERLIN : ASHER & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. | BS: Sa TS es Merrihew & Son, Printers, 243 Arch St. PS ae) TERMS FOR ADVERTISING, One Insertion. Two Insertions. One Year. Fut Page, : $5 00 $s 00 $15 00 HauLF Page, 3 50 5 50 10 00 QUARTER PaGg, 2 50 4 00 7 50 EieutH Page, eS 4 1S 5 25 COLLECTION OF SHELLS FOR SALE. A fine collection of named shells, from 1200 to 1400 species, many varietles, ; and over SOOO specimens. For further information inquire of D. W. FERGUSON, NG Y. Gas: daeht (Coz Hester, cor. Elizabeth Sts., 2 t. NEW YORK. WANTED TO EXCHANGE, Land, Fresh-water and Marine SHELLS of -AUSTRALIA for those of any part of the world except Europe. Apply to Dr. JAMES C. COX, 130 Philip Street, ‘ Sydney, 1 yr. New South Wales. TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND COLLECTORS. The subscriber offers FOR SALE his private collection of the Shells and Mollusks of California and the adjacent States. The series embraces about six hundred and fifty species, carefully named and neatly mounted, and is the best collection of West Coast Shells extant, except the California State Cabi- net. Address JNO. G. COOPER, M. D., San Francisco, Cal., Or E. J. NOLAN, M. D., 2t. Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. LTO CON CELOLeGOGts Es. FOR SALE, a very large collection of BOOKS relating to Conchology ; also several thousand named species of SHELLS. The above being duplicates, we are anxious to dispose of them at very low prices. For particulars, address E. J. NOLAN, M. D., Conservator of Conch. Sect. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Cor. Broad and Sansom Streets, Phila. VALUABLE WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY FOR SALE. 1. American Journal of Conchology, 1865-1868. Four volumes, 8vo. Containing over sixteen hundred pages, illustrated by one hundred litho- graphic plates of shells, many of them finely colored, several portraits of distinguished conchologists, and about a thousand wood engravings. The articles are contributed by all the prominent American Conchologists. Published at $40. Price reduced to $16 for the set. 2. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 5, 1869-70. Containing 350 pages of valuable articles by Wm. M. Gabb, James Lewis, M.D., Wm. G. Binney, Thomas Bland, T. A. Conrad, Wm. Harper Pease, John H. Red- field, Theo. Gill, Wm. H. Dall, Ralph Tate, Wesley Newcomb, M.D.,S. R. Roberts, J. G. Cooper, M.D, John Wolf, and George W. Tryon, jr. The illustrations consist of 17 lithographic plates, partly colored, and wood engravings. Price $10.00. 3. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. With illustrations of all the Species. By George W. Tryon, Jr. The work is now completed. It contains over 200 pages of text and is illus- trated by 18 lithographic plates crowded with figures. Only-100 copies were printed, which are mostly sold. The work is published in the following styles: lst. Plain edition, printed on fine calendered paper, with uncolored plates, Price, $8.50. 2d. Colored edition, same paper, plates finely colored, Price, $13.50. 3d. Fine edition, on very heavy plate paper, with duplicate plates, plain on tinted paper, and finely colored, Price, $20.00. 4. TRYON, GEO. W,, Jr., Synonymy ofthe Species of Strepoma- tide (Melanians) of the United States, with critical observations on their Affinities, and Descriptions of Cand, Fresh Water and Marine Mollusca. 8vo, over 100 pp., with lithographic plates. 1865. ] PI ) to) } = a Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75. CONTENTS: Contributions towards a Monography of the Order Pholadacea, with Descriptions of New Species. Descriptions af two new Species of Fresh Water Mollusca from Punama. Des- cription of anew Exotic Melania. Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water Mollusca be- longing to the Families Amnicolide, Vulvatide and Limnxidx, inhabiting California. De- scription of a new Species of Pleurocera. Description of a new Species of Teredo, From New Bedford. Mass. Descriptions of two new Speries of Mexican Land Shells. Synonymy of the Species of Strepomatidx, Parts 1, 2,3, 4 and Supplement. The Edition is very limited—only 75 copies. Early application will, therefore, be necessary to @eure the work. 5. RAFINESQUE, C. S., Complete Writings on Recent and Fossil Conchology. Edited by William G. Binney and Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. 8vo. 1864. With lithographic plates. Price, $2.50. This is the only edition of Rafinesque’s Complete Writings ever published, and contains reprints of many papers, which had been entirely forgotten by naturalists. 6. TRYON, GHO. W., Jr., List of American Writers on Recent Conchology, with the Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. 8vo. 1860. Printed on fine plate paper. Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75. 7. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Monograph of the Order Pholadacea, and other Papers. 8vo, 127 pp., with plates. 1862. Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75. Contains Monographs of the Families Gastroch#nide, Pholadile, and Teredidee. History of American Conchology, and Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water and Marine Shells. x*y A discount of 20 per cent. will be allowed from the above prices, to Members of the Conchological Section and to Booksellers. Apply to ConcHonogicaL Section AcADEMy or Naturat Sciences, Philadelphia, Or to its Agents—see Ist page of this cover. iy COIN SE ENV SS PAGE epee ONG (Ot: WWMIBOEIN EB oe, cr. fens scecciscseredes eedar- otek ocesned Boreas eee 297 2. Descriptions of Nudibranchiate Mollusca inhabiting Poly- mesia., Dy. W. Harpers PeAset. sect otis canctitceeteaip em evae ee eee 299 3. Notes on some New Forms of Terrestrial and Pluviatile Mollusea found in Trinidad. By R. J. Lechmere Guppy........ 306 4. On the Lingual Dentition of Pompholyx effusa. By W. G. Binney and “Thomas: Bland sci. sxcsi bs .ces-eceitee ctesutv convenes oedebede ie 312 o Ealeontolorical Notes. By T. A. -Conrad.:....cs 2.ch,ac.sn.s cane 314 1. Figure and Reference to Fasciolaria subtenta. 2. Synopsis of the Eocene Species of Catinus. 3. Description of anew Fresh-water and a Land Shell of the Oregon Tertiary. 6. On the Opercula of the Family Strepomatide. By W. D. Elam emia Vie eae senacteces SPAOLGOCH "aoddba sAonOHnno nodtancabopsane: cho dasacoounct. cc Boe Note on Gadinia and Rowellia. By J. G. Cooper, M. D........... 319 8. Note on Waldheimia puivinata, Gld. By J. G. Cooper, M.D... 320 -~T 9. Additions an@ Corrections to the Catalogue of Monterey Mollusca (publishe i in the American Jour. Conch. Vol. Vi, Part p49). (By. J. G.Cooper, MAD nici a tislesesccconssesacseee 320 10. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works. By Geérge Winy ony telinateces czermtns seccctesaccltods tects otatle Sesame nme atee watedsse 323 British—Annals and Magazine of Natural History—Conchologica Indica. French —Journal de Conechyliologie—Revue et Magasin de Zoologie—Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux. German—Novitates Conchologice—Systematisches Conchylien Cabinet. APPENDIX. 11. Conservator’s Annual Report. By KH. J. Nolan, M.D.......... ..... 329 12. Report of Librarian. By HE. J. Nolan, M.D.....0.....cseeeee vereeeeeeeeee . 9 3. Report of Publication Commlttee................cs00 sesseeee « Bee See do NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS. Authors sending specimens with their papers, can have colored illustra- tions furnished without expense to them. Twenty copies of every contribution (without re-paging or illustration) is at the service of its autbor, if applied for in season. Extra copies, re-paged, can be had on the fellowing terms: 25 copies. 50 copies. 100 copies. 250 eopies 16 pages, $4 00 $5 00 $6 75 >10 00 8 pages, 3 00 3°75 5 25 7 50 2 to 4 pages, 2 50 3 12 4 25 6 25 Uncolored plates at 3 cents each, or colored plates 12 to 18 cents each. Contributions, as well as Papers and Works for Review or Exchange, should be directed to Conchotogical Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. _ . x Ba ye ‘ = ee AWN HOP AAT 3 2044 093 301 026