SRSA SE LRAR RACK Y irae AEA MRE NSLS SN se LO A: SATO eS, ‘ vy RA NM i ea) ¥, Ve ks ‘se 4 ba 2 ~ Oe os Las “ . ee “ MyNihls ae Vee yey en SA hh, SO 1 S653 % wy eS wets i; . ey we aS . Bs at Ht OA $ Rey WA Gear y Oe *, a8 3S ve a a he Nahe UY yaks “ha ee ‘ wt ‘ Rae Ve zy oar. or 9 Cg Ee NO YT Oe 4 a ee al eo piper *. ee ee fee Cider ig anon: we gdb be are AM i Vee ay ? : 2h, A. ee ee ee % 4 i J, 20° <*> a \seumM qt Mv of Ny, 1869 THE LIBRARY 7 ip w/ % 0 ~, eA THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL VOLUME tl, 1902 NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1902 Committee of Publication EDMUND O. HOVEY, £attor FRANK M. CHAPMAN ) | LOUIS P. GRATACAP ' Advisory Board WILLIAM K. GREGORY |} The American Museum of Natural History BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR 1QO2 MORRIS K. JESUP ADRIAN ISELIN J. PIERPONT MORGAN JOSEPH H. CHOATE WILLIAM E. DODGE J. HAMPDEN ROBB CHARLES LANIER D. O. MILLS ABRAM 8S. HEWITT ALBERT S. BICKMORE ANDREW H. GREEN D. WILLIS JAMES ARCHIBALD ROGERS WILLIAM C. WHITNEY GUSTAV E. KISSEL ANSON W. HARD WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER GEORGE G. HAVEN H. O. HAVEMEYER A. D, JUILLIARD FREDERICK E. HYDE PERCY R. PYNE HENRY F. OSBORN OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1902 PRESIDENT MORRIS K. JESUP FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT WILLIAM E. DODGE SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN TREASURER CHARLES LANIER DIRECTOR HERMON C. BUMPUS SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT TREASURER JOHN H. WINSER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE J. HAMPDEN ROBB, Chairman MORRIS K. JESUP WILLIAM E. DODGE HENRY F. OSBORN CHARLES LANIER ANSON W. HARD i OF HAV EME YE FREDERICK E. HYDE PERCY ROPYNE AUDITING COMMITTEE ANSON W. HARD GUSTAV E. KISSEL GEORGE G. HAVEN The President, ex-ojjicio FINANCE COMMITTEE J. PIERPONT MORGAN CHARLES LANIER D. O. MILLS D. WILLIS JAMES The President, ex-officio NOMINATING COMMITTEE D. O. MILLS WILLIAM E. DODGE ABRAM S. HEWITT The President, ex-officio ui Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. BicKMORE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator Frank M. CuHapman, Associate Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. HENRY FAIRFIELD OsBorNn, Curator W. D. Matruew, Ph.D., Associate Curator O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. Hermon C. Bumpus, Curator GrorcE H. SHERWOOD, A.M., Assistant Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREDERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology MarsHAtt H. Savit_e, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Harvan I. Smitu, Assistant Curator of Archeology Library A. Woopwarp, Ph.D., Librarian 1Vv CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. PAGE TITLE-PAGE : : : ; : } : 4 : ‘ 1 COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION . ; ‘ il TRUSTEES, OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES . : ; ; : ill SCIENTIFIC STAFF. ; ; ; feu) Av CoNTENTS ; ‘ : : : : Vv List oF ILLUSTRATIONS . ; : : : ; a gheo 3 NO:.1r, JANUARY, roo2 EDITORIAL I GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT : : I ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN THE SOUTHWEST 3 New Brirp Groups 4 NotTEes AND NEws A LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS 7 THe Hatt oF Fosstn VERTEBRATES. By W. D. MatTtTHew. Supplement NO? 2, FEBRUARY, 10902. EDITORIAL ; f : : : : : 5 MEISE A REMARKABLE SLAB OF Fossi_ Crinoips. By E. O. Hovey. (Illustrated) : 4 : , : . ig DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION . : : : ; 14 THE ANDREW J. STONE EXPEDITION i LO News Notes . : : Sep i by LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS : : seers) THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS. By L. P. GRaTacap. Supplement NOY 3, MARCH, z902. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES . : 23 A Foss1r ARMADILLO FROM Texas. By J. W. Grp.ey (Illus- trated) Z , : } , é 2 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS . : 5 eas News Notre. : : : : : : 3 ! see HYPOCEPHALUS ARMATUS. By Wm. BEUTENMULLER (Illus- trated) : ; A : P : ; ; ; Be ee) LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS : é; : ; : Bt ERO NorTH AMERICAN RuminantTs. By J. A. ALLEN. Supplement v CONTENTS NO. 4, APRIL, 1902. PAGE EDITORIAL : Ae aes : : : «7 ae DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC iconeneman ; : ; ; ee ILLUSTRATIONS OF TERMS IN DESCRIPTIVE ORNITHOLOGY. By F. M. CHapMan (Illustrated) . : . ee Mexican Copices. By F. W. Putnam . ; oi eee News Notes . ; é f ; ie LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS ie : xs, 28 THE ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF Scorieneeoes ne: By GEORGE H. PEPPER . ; : : : : Supplement NO: 5; MAY, 1002: . EDITORIAL : : : ) ae A HERMAPHRODITE io Aone : : : , : . 28 News NOTES: DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALZ ONTOLOGY , : 40 DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY . ae DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : ; ; » eae RECENT PUBLICATIONS . : : ‘ i ey ATTENDANCE AT THE MUSEUM DURING Igo1 . : 2 tn | Saas THe BUTTERFLIES OF THE VICINITY OF NEw York City. By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER . : ; } s Supplement NO:6, JUNE, 1902. New ETuHnic Groups : : : ' i «ee THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE Fen Gone Merson or NATURAL History (Continued). DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY. By Franz Boas : ; , ae DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALZONTOLOGY. SUMMER PLANS. 53 NO. 7, OCTOBER, 1902. EDITORIAL We , ; : . ge A VISIT TO Mancinioue AND ar VINCENT AFTER THE GREAT ERUPTIONS OF May AND JUNE, 1902. By E. O. Hovey. - agi es DE SUS OB aarcecerache os 4.75 AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL. The ‘ Journal’ is a popular record of the progress of the American Museum of Natural History, issued in numbers. Price, $1.00 a year. For sale by G. P. PuTNAm’s Sons, New York and London ; J. B. BAILLIERE ET FILs, Paris ; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Berlin; and at the Museum. The American Museum Journal Mor. IT. JANUARY, tIgo2 INOS Te =q\K1E present number of the JoURNAL, commencing Volume II, inaugurates certain changes in typog- raphy and page which it is hoped will prove ac- ceptable to our readers and to those who make use of the supplements. The plan which was adopted with the number for October last of issuing a supplemen- tary guide leaflet to an exhibit or group of exhibits in the Museum has met with so much favor that it will be continued for the present. The supplement issued with the current number is a general description of the material on exhibition in and of the arrangement of the hall of Vertebrate Paleontology. It is pro- posed to prepare several similar illustrated leaflets describing at some length and in a popular manner different portions of the exhibit in this hall which may be considered as units. The authorities of the Museum are issuing the JOURNAL as a means of bringing the institution into close touch with the public and the schools, and it is to be hoped that the friends of the Museum will assist in making the circulation of the publication as large as possible. The JouRNAL proper will continue to give to the public items of news regarding the work of the various depart- ments, notable new accessions, programs of lectures and popular short articles on specimens in the Museum. The price of sub- scription to those not members of the institution has been placed at the low price of one dollar per year, which barely covers the actual cost of paper, illustrations, printing and postage. The Department of Geology has just completed a large under- taking, namely, the publication of a tabulated catalogue of all the type and figured specimens contained in its extensive collec- tion of fossils. The term “type”, as employed in this Depart- ment of the Museum, embraces not only the specimens actually THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL used by an author in the original description of a species, but also those specimens which have been used by the same author in the further elucidation of the species in subsequent publications. The types may or may not have been illustrated in connection with the first publication. ‘‘ Figured specimen”’ is the term ap- plied here to the specimens which have been identified with a species by another person than the author of the species and which have been illustrated in some publication. From the standpoint of the student and investigator, such speciméns are the most valuable portion of any collection, and should, there- fore, be marked in some conspicuous manner and be preserved with the greatest care, while the knowledge of their location and their history should be as widely disseminated as possible. All the types and figured specimens in this Department are indi- vidualized by the use of a small rhomb of emerald green paper securely gummed to each. There are in this Department of the Museum 8,345 type and figured specimens, representing 2,721 species and 190 varieties, distributed in the Catalogue according to the following table: TYPES. Fic’>p SPECIMENS. | REFERENCES. | ] D eee eal Parts. y, E Zh 5 | Z g 3 = o ‘B E : dj 21/2123.) 2 3 eee av) 1S a, a. c G,. | °?=0s: eileen n > nN on > Dn a 6B q z | 1 i Ss a pe ee RAR ome | 448 Io | 1070 Ome OF A450, | 8261) 2 Beare 1 eee = Semele tor 635 22 | T7O1 92 o-| 625 7 12361) aon 08 Lee eee Meta eh apres) St 667 28 | 1707) DSS 5 71. || 3320) sey 1D far A Me ea coed cron 472 12 | 1598] 233 » |, 387 | 2360)” 2mm | | ji = = = = Motalsyoe eer eee 71 |6166] 499 | 119 | 2179 | 6561 | 14324 | Part I, issued in July, 1898, embraces the specimens in the Cambrian and Lower Silurian systems; Part IJ, issued in Oc- tober, 1899, includes the material from the Upper Silurian system ; 2 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Part III, issued in October, 1900, comprises that from the De- vonian system; and Part IV, bearing date of December 27, ‘rgor, lists the remainder of the collection from Lower Carbon- iferous to Quaternary, inclusive, and contains the preface, table of contents and index to the whole work. ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK AMONG THE INDIAN TRIBES OF THE SOUTHWEST. of Cees Stted on Sis fourth expedi- tion for this Museum to the region of the Aztecs, Pueblos and Cliff-Dwellers, and he expects to re- turn in about eight months. These expeditions have had for their object the systematic study of the physical characteristics of all the Aztec, Pueblo and Cliff-Dweller tribes, living or extinct, from southern Utah and southern Colorado down to the state of Morelos, Mexico. Among other results which may be expected are the definite identification of these tribes and either a refutation or a con- firmation of the theory that the Aztecs came from the north and were probably related to the Pueblos. Physiological obser- vations are also made for a comparison of some of the principal functions of the body, such as pulse, temperature, respiration and muscular force, in these tribes and in white men. Medical observations are made on the ordinary diseases among the Indians and on their manner of treating them. Dr. Hrdlicka’s previous expeditions in this series have been as follows: first, in Mexico, in 1898, with Dr. Carl Lumbholtz, covering the Tarahumares, Huichols and Tepecanos; second, in 1899, to the Navahos and southern Utes; third, in 1g00, to all the Pueblos and Apaches. The present expedition will cover the remaining tribes in southwestern Arizona and northern Mexico, among them the Bimas, Papagos, Yaquis, Mayos, Tepehuanes, Coras, Aztecs and Tarascos. The first expedition was sup- ported by the Museum; the second, third and fourth by Mr. Frederick E. Hyde, Jr. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL NEW: BIRD GROUPS. =I ROUGH the generosity of a friend of the Museum, who desires to have his name withheld from the public, six groups have recently been added to the very attractive and instructive series repre- senting birds amid their natural surroundings which are to be seen in the halls of the Ornithological De- partment. The new groups represent the American dipper, or water-ousel, the osprey, the yellow-headed blackbird, the coot, Wilson’s phalarope and the wild pigeon. The material for the first-named was gathered by Mr. Frank M. Chapman last sum- mer on the banks of a rushing icy stream issuing from a glacier in the Selkirk mountains of British Columbia. The rocky bank of the stream, the nest in the cleft of the rock and the birds in and about the nest have been reproduced with lifelike fidelity in the Museum exhibition case. Mr. Chapman collected the specimens and accessories for the osprey group on Gardiner’s Island, off the eastern end of Long Island, and those for the blackbird, coot and phalarope groups at Shoal Lake, Manitoba. The twelve specimens included in the wild-pigeon group were secured with much difficulty from collectors and dealers through- out the country, the surprising fact being incidentally developed that a species which, within the last fifty years, was one of the most abundant native birds of this country, is now so rare, not only in nature, but also in collections, that specimens of it are practically unobtainable. Each of these new groups is designed to illustrate not only the haunts and habits of a species of birds, but also some fact of general biological interest. This feature will be fully set forth in the labels accompanying the cases. NOTES AND NEWS. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY.—Mr. William Beutenmiiller, the Curator of this Department of the Museum, again visited the Black mountains of western North Carolina during Septem- ber and October last for the purpose of securing specimens of the insects occurring in this interesting region and of obtaining 4 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL scientific data regarding their surroundings and _life-histories. The results of the expedition are highly satisfactory and demon- strate the desirability of carrying the work on to completion. About 3500 specimens were collected on this trip, supplement- ing the 3000 which were obtained in the same region last year. The insect fauna of the mountainous region of western North Carolina is very distinct from that of the surrounding country, and many of the species show northern affinities. Mr. Beuten- muller obtained on this trip many new as well as many very rare species, and he has in preparation a monograph on “The Insect Fauna of the Black Mountains, North Carolina,’’ which it is to be hoped he will be enabled to bring to satisfactory completion by material to be obtained on future expeditions. The~ Black mountains are a transverse chain forming the principal link of connection between the Blue Ridge and the Smoky mountains, and rise in a region which is very interesting from a geographical and geological as well as from a faunal standpoint. It is the culminating portion of the Appalachian system, the united chains containing, in the district under consideration, twenty-five great peaks, twenty of which are more than 6000 feet in elevation above the sea. Most of these mountains are practically unex- plored territory, which furnishes an additional argument for the speedy completion of this entomological survey of it. THE Department of Anthropology has received the first in- stallment of Chinese clothing, baskets and tools used by the tailor and artificers in allied trades, collected by Dr. Berthold Laufer on his expedition to China, recently undertaken through the gener- osity of a friend of the Museum. The most striking feature of the consignment just received is the clothing, which represents completely the costumes of various classes of the people and in- cludes a number of magnificently embroidered garments. A por- tion of this Chinese collection is on exhibition in hall No. 106, on the ground-floor of the building. In the same hall (No. 106) will be found the famous Briggs collection, representing the basketry of the Indians of the Pacific coast of the United States, which has been recently received as a 5 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL donation from George F. Peabody, Esq. This collection is par- ticularly good in the line of feathered baskets from central Cali- fornia and other kinds from the southern part of that State. THE Museum has received from Mr. W. Jochelson, of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, his whole Koryak collection from Siberia, consisting of about 1200 pieces of all sorts, among which there are a great many objects of prehistoric age. This material and that sent in by Mr. W. Bogoras, of the same expedition, which was noticed in the last number of the JoURNAL, have been removed from the original boxes in which they were re- ceived and have been placed in storage cases for lack of room in the exhibition halls for displaying them. ARTHUR CurRTISS JAMES, Esq., has purchased the valuable collection of Ainu objects made by Professor Bashford Dean last year and has presented it to the Museum. This latest addition supplements in a very satisfactory manner the two Ainu collections previously owned by the Museum and renders the whole series a very complete representation of the culture of that peculiar people. One of the older Ainu collections was presented by Mr. James, while the other was obtained by Dr. Laufer in 1899, when at work for the Jesup North Pacific Expedition. Mk. MarsHALL H. SAVILLE, Curator of the Section of Mexican Archeology of the Anthropological Department, left New York on December 11 to continue the explorations at the ancient ruined city of Mitla, in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, which he has been prosecuting with great success for some years with the aid of funds provided by the Duke of Loubat. THERE has just been erected in the opening of the west stairway an immense totem pole from Queen Charlotte’s Island, British Columbia. This fine pole, which is nearly fifty feet tall, stood for many years near the Indian village of Gumshewa on the east coast of the island and was brought to the. Museum in rgo1 as aresult of the Jesup North Pacific expedition. An index to Volume I of the JouRNAL is in course of preparation and will be issued as soon as practicable. 6 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL LECTURES. ProFEssoR ALBERT S. BICKMORE, Curator of the Depart- ment of Public Instruction, announces the following courses of lectures for the remainder of the season of 1g01-1902. To Teachers in the Public Schools, Saturday mornings at 10:30 O'clock: January 25th and February 1st.—’ Naples, Pompeii and Rome: Their Museums.” February 8th and 15th.—‘‘ The Eastern Riviera.”’ March 1st and 8th.—* The Upper Rhine.” March 15th and 22d.—* The Lower Rhine.” To the Members of the Museum and their friends, on Thurs- day evenings, as usual, at 8:15 o'clock: February 20th.—‘‘ Naples, Pompeii and Rome: Their Mu- seums.”’ February 27th.—*‘ The Eastern Riviera.” March 6th.—* The Upper Rhine.”’ March 13th.—‘ The Lower Rhine.” On Thanksgiving Day Professor Bickmore repeated his lecture on the Pan-American Exposition of 1g01 to the general public. This lecture has been given five times in the Museum, beginning with October 26th, and the record of attendance shows that 4,944 persons have heard it, the doors of the lecture hall being closed when all the seats were occupied. On Christmas Day Professor Bickmore lectured in the Museum to the general public on “London: The ‘City’ and the Thames,”’ while on New Year’s Day he had “London: Its Museums and Galleries” for his subject. On Washington’s Birthday he will give an illustrated lecture on ‘“‘The Rhine”’ to the public. No tickets are required for admittance to these lectures on the legal holidays, but the number in the audience is limited to the seating capacity of the hall. Boarp oF EpucatTion CoursEe.—The programme of illus- trated lectures at the Museum during January and February un- der the auspices of the city Department of Education provides for lectures twice a week, continuing the plan inaugurated in 7 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL October last. The lecturers and subjects for the Tuesday evening course are as follows: January 7th—W. E. MeEHan,—‘‘Greenland.”’ January 14th—Miss Mary V. WorstELL,—“The Yellow- stone National Park.”’ January 21st.——Ecerton R. Younc,—" The Indians of the Wild Northwest: Their Haunts; Their Sports; Their Homes.”’ January 28th.—F. S. DELLENBAUGH,—“ The Cliff- and Cave- Dwellers of the Southwest.” February 4th.—W. C. PEckHam,—" The State of New York, and its Remarkable Natural Features.” February rith.—GeorGE W. BIcKNELL,—“ Flashes of Light on Yankee Land.” A description of Central New England. February 18th.—Jacques W. REpway,—“In the Heart of the Rockies.” February 25th.—-E. O. Hovey,—*‘ The Black Hills and Bad Lands of South Dakota and Wyoming.” The programme of the course for Saturday evenings is as follows: January 4th.—Har tan I. Smitu,—-‘‘ An Evening in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History.” January rith—Cnuas. L. BristoLt,— ‘The New York igus rium.” A description of the fine fish collection at the Battery. January 18th.—Miss Mary V. WorstTELL,—“ Bronx Park.” A description of the Park and the New York Botanical Gardens. January 25th.HeEnry F. OssBorn,—-‘‘The Zodlogical Gar- den.” A description of New York’s great Zodlogical Garden at Bronx Park. February 1st.—W. T. Etsinc,—‘‘ The Reign of Fire.” The first of a course of four lectures on ‘‘ The Story of the Earth.” February 8th.—W. T. E.tsinc,—‘‘ The Warfare of Water.”’ February 15th.—W. T. E_sinc,—‘ The Great Ice Age.” February 22d.—W. T. E_sinc,—‘‘ The Earth and Man.” At the Board of Education lectures, given at the Museum during October, November and December, the official total at- tendance at the Tuesday evening course of eleven lectures was 15,924, and at the Saturday evening course of nine lectures, 5,409. The Saturday evening lectures were more technical in character than were those given on Tuesday evenings. The lec- ture on the Passion Play, October 22d, was heard by a thousand people more than could obtain seats in the hall. 8 Publications OF THE American Museum of Natural History ANNUAL REPORT: Octavo, about 80 pp. BULLETIN: Octavo; annual; about 400 pages and 25 plates with numerous text illustrations. Articles relate about cqually to Geology, Paleontology, Mam- malogy, Ornithology, Entomology and (in recent volumes) Anthropology. MEMOIRS: Quarto; issued in parts at irregular intervals, several parts being pub- lished annually. One volume has been completed and six are now under way. Each part forms a separate and complete monograph, varying in size from 24 to roo or more pages, with numerous plates, mostly lithographic. JOURNAL: Octavo; in numbers, one volume annually; illustrated. A popular record of the progress of the Museum, each number containing a Supplement which is a Guide Leaflet descriptive of some exhibit or group of exhibits in the Museum. American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, ) Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board. Witiram K. GREGORY, \ Subscription One Dollar per year. The JouRNAL is sent free of charge to the Trustees, Patrons, Fellows, Life Members; Annual Members, Officers, and Staff. For sale at the Museum. Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 1 PAGE EDITORIAL a So GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT .. ——— ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN THE SOUTHWEST 3 NEW BIRD GROUPS r: NOTES AND NEWS 4 LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS 7 THE HALL OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES (GuipE LEAFLET) . Supplement Volume II, Number 2 FEBRUARY, 1902 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL WITH SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDE LEAFLET ON THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS Published by the AmMericAN MuseuM OF NATURAL HISTORY New York City American Museum of Natural History BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ABRAM 8. HEWITT ANSON W. HARD ADRIAN ISELIN ALBERT S. BICKMORE WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER J. PIERPONT MORGAN ANDREW H.GREEN GEORGE G. HAVEN JOSEPH H. CHOATE D. WILLIS JAMES H. O. HAVEMEYER WILLIAM E. DODGE ARCHIBALD ROGERS A. D. JUILLIARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM C. WHITNEY FREDERICK E. HYDE CHARLES LANIER ELBRIDGE T. GERRY -PERCY R. PYNE D. O. MILLS GUSTAV E. KISSEL HENRY F. OSBORN OFFICERS AND STAFF President, Morris K. JESuP First Vice-President, Second Vice-President, Wiiiiam E. DopGe Henry F. OsBorn Treasurer, CHARLES LANIER Director, HeErMon C. BumMpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, JOHN H. WINSER Department Curator Associate and Asststant Curators Public Instruction. Prof. A. S. BicKMORE Geology . . . . Prof. R. P. WHitFiELD Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D. (Associate) Mineralogy and Concholosy- =. i, PiGraracap, AM: Mammalogy and (Ojemindmolloyeny = 5 lekmoni, J), ZA, Aerio FRANK M. CHAPMAN (Associate) Vertebrate Paleontology. . - Prof. H. F. Osporn VD oe ( Prof. F. Boas, Curator of Ethnology | M. H. SaviLLe, Curator of Mexican Anthropology . . Prof. F. W. Putnam } and Central American Archeology | HaRLAN I. Situ, Assistant Curator L of Archeology Entomology . . . W. BEUTENMULLER Invertebrate Zoélogy. Prof. H.C. Bumpus Grorce H. SHERWoop, A.M. Library . . . . A. Woopwarp, Ph.D., Librarian Tue AMERICAN Museum or Naturat History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial coéperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues from its members for procuring needed additions to its collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. \\) UINTACRINUS SOCIALIS—Grinnell. FOSSIL CRINOID FROM KANSAS. The American Museum Journal Vor. it: FEBRUARY, 1902 ‘ No. 2. HE JourNAL presents with this issue a general Guide Leaflet to the Halls of Minerals which will be found of great assistance by persons visiting ).t I} and inspecting the collections therein. Just be- = fore Thanksgiving Day last year the hall was opened, first to members of the Museum and their friends and afterwards to the general public, with the great acquisition of the Bement mineral collection allin place. This collection had long had the reputation of being the finest private collection of exhibition specimens of minerals in the world, so that the Museum authorities felt that they were indeed to be con- eratulated when a munificent friend of the institution some- what more than a year ago presented the whole to the Museum, including the magnificent collection of meteorites, which is one of the largest assemblages in existence of those interesting visitors from space. Practically nothing but the Bement col- lection is now on exhibition in the desk cases of the Mineral Halls, but all the best specimens in the previous Museum col- lection have been retained and have been arranged in syste- matic order in the drawers of the desk cases, awaiting the time when more exhibition space shall be available for minerals. A REMARKABLE SLAB OF FOSSIL CRINOIDS. a) N November, rgo1, the Department of Geology and §| «Invertebrate Paleontology received from Frank Springer, Esq., of East Las Vegas, New Mexico, the gift of a large slab of the fossil Crinoid which is known to science as Uzintacrinus socialis Grin- nell. This Crinoid is character stic of the Niobrara Chalk JIE AN INDIVIDUAL FROM THE SLAB. NATURAL SIZE. UINTACRINUS SOCIALIS—Grinnell. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL horizon of the Upper Cretaceous of western Kansas. This slab, which is five feet four inches long and three feet two inches wide, in extreme dimensions, has been mounted and is now on exhibi- tion in Panel 1 of Case P on the west side of the Geological Hall (No. 405) on the fourth floor of the Museum. Crinoids belong to the same great subdivision of the animal kingdom as the common modern Starfish, but they are of a lower erade of organization. Some forms are provided throughout life with stalks, or stems, the lower ends of which are rooted in the mud of the sea-bottom or attached to some foreign object. Other forms, like the Comatula of the present seas, had such stalks during the very early stages of their existence, but lost them afterwards and floated free in the water. Crinoids seem to have been most abundant both in species and in individuals, during Lower Carboniferous (late Palzozoic) time, but, for the most part at least, they were stalked forms, leading a stationary existence. The free forms were more abundant later and now are very numerous, more than two hundred species of the family Comatulide having been described from the present ocean. Uintacrinus was a free form and has been found only in beds of Upper Cretaceous age. The first specimen of the genus was found in 1870 by Prof. O. C. Marsh in the Uintah mountains in northeastern Utah. The Kansas specimens have added very greatly to our knowledge of these beautiful animals and have g ven Mr. Springer the material from which he has been able to complete the morphological studies of the genus made by Mr. F. A. Bather of the British Museum on European material. Mr. Springer’s conclusions have been published in an elaborate memoir by the Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy of Harvard University with several plates. The investigations of Mr. Springer and others at the best localities show that these Crinoids lived in populous colonies in the quiet mediterranean sea or lagoon which occupied western Kansas in Cretaceous times. Those Crinoids that were at the lowest part of the floating mass rested directly upon the soft mud and settled into it in the positions in which they happened to be when the colony died. These were thus perfectly imbedded by 13 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL the lower side in a fine matrix which preserved them like a mould. The other individuals of the colony settled down on top of these and, not having a soft or plastic bed to receive and preserve them, were crushed out of shape and disarticulated, and their component plates were indiscriminately mixed up. The whole mass was cemented together under pressure, forming a slab,—a thin layer of limestone as we now find it,—with the Crinoid bodies preserved only on its lower side. The largest of these lenticular layers of limestone was about fifty feet long and twenty feet wide with a thickness of half an inch in the middle, thinning out on all sides to the thinness of cardboard. More than twelve hundred specimens in which more or less of a calyx was shown were obtained from this deposit. The arms of these Crinoids are so mingled in the slab that it was impossible to free any of them, but some of them have been traced to a distance of forty inches from the body to which they belong. The slab which the Museum has received from Mr. Springer shows distinctly at least sixty-five bodies, while fifteen or sixteen more can be made out under the covering of entangled arms. The body or calyx had thin walls, the plates of which were ap- parently connected by a sort of articulation or loose suture, so that it was more or less flexible and comparatively light in weight. All the calices have been flattened so that the opposite walls have been brought together in the form of a watch crystal. E. G.eB. THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. QQ 0 4) WO letters which have been recently received by Professor Bickmore give very gratifying evidence of the spreading influence of the Department of Public Instruction under his control. Persons who are in the habit of attending the lectures at the Museum know the popularity of the courses by Professor Bick- more and appreciate the superb character of the views thrown on the screen, but the extent to which these lectures and views are being used in the public schools of the State and the demand 14 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL that there is for them outside of the State and the country are not so familiar to all. Light upon both of these points will be thrown by the following letters, the first of which came from an entire stranger to Professor Bickmore and gives an indication of what is going on in the schools of central New York. Puenps, N. Y., Dec: 23; roor- DEAR SIR:— ‘I began to give your lectures in the school chapel two years ago, using acetylene, but last year I got the building wired and now use electricity, which is more satisfactory. I first gave ‘‘ Niagara Fails” to an audience mostly of scholars. Gradually my audiences have in- creased until now I have about 175-200 each night, of people who come each time and who are delighted with the views and the informa- tion gained. I usually go over the views with your notes four or five times after my duties are over for the day and then read the notes, keeping in mind the slide described, until I know the principal facts of each view. I give a talk of about one and one-half hours. I have given Egypt, Greece, Italy, Niagara, Cuba and Spanish War, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canon, Yosemite, Atlantic Coast, two on the Hawaiian Islands, one on the Philippines, Lesser Antilles and the Connecticut Valley. At Clifton Springs and Shortsville, adjoining villages, similar courses are given [by the principals there]. If other parts of the State are doing the same, you are doing a great work in giving useful infor- mation to the people. I think greater efforts should be put forth to inform Union School Principals of the fact that they may obtain these views from cities and villages having a Superintendent. Very truly yours, (Signed) Wiis A. INGALLS, Principal of Schools. The second letter is from the head of the school system of the Philippine Islands and shows the value placed there upon the stereopticon and first rate lantern slides in the work of instructing the Filipinos in regard to their new masters. The letter is an ex- 45) THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL cellent testimonial to the system of “visual instruction’? which has grown up under the auspices of this Museum. ManiLa, November 11, 1got. DEAR SIR:— I have not forgotten the interesting visit which I made to your Museum before leaving New York. We have just ordered nine magic lanterns and desire to present, in illustrated lecture form, as much information about American history and life as possible. What arrangements can be made with you to secure slides and what can we do as a return favor to you? Considerable has been done in establishing schools and the De- partment now desires to give some attention to public lhbraries and public lectures, because they are very important supplementary educational agencies. Any suggestions that you may be willing to make will be very helpful. With kindest regards, I am, Very truly yours, (Signed) FrEep. W. ATKINSON, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Philippine Islands. THE ANDREW J. STONE EXPEDITION. P| HE first season’s work of the Andrew J. Stone Expe- \ f y) 4 dition has proved very successful and satisfactory. 4/ This expedition was organized early in the year tgor, and its work will continue during a period of three years, the means therefor having been generously contributed by public-spirited citizens of New York. It is under the leadership of Mr. Stone, who has several expert assistants to help carry on the work. The purpose of this expedition s primarily to secure for the Museum good series of all the large game animals of North Amer- ica, many of which are as yet unrepresented in its collections and are on the way to rapid extermination. The more prominent and interesting species will be mounted as groups with proper accessories and will form one of the most attractive features of 16 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL the Museum collections. The smaller mammals and birds ob- tained by the expedition will be of special value to the Museum, since the more northern parts of the Continent are thus far very poorly represented here as regards the mammals and birds. The season of 1901 was spent partly on the Kenai Peninsula and partly on Kadiak Island and the adjoining mainland of Alaska. Mr. Stone’s assistants were Mr. J. D. Figgins of the American Museum and Mr. Maynard of Seattle, Washington. The collections comprise about forty large mammals, including good series of Caribou, Mountain Sheep and Moose, and of several species of Bear, besides several hundred small mammals and a large collection of birds NEWS NOTES. THE collections of the Department of Vertebrate Palzon- tology were enriched in January by the receipt of an excellent skull of the Woolly Rhinoceros (titnoceros tichorhinus) from the Pleistocene deposits of Russia. This specimen has come through Professor Alexis Pavlow and Madame Marie Pavlow of the Uni- versity of Moscow, in exchange for material from the western United States, and will soon be placed on exhibition. The skeleton of Jchthyosaurus quadrisctssus which was noticed at length in the JourNaL for October, 1901, has been further worked out of its rocky matrix, re-set and soon will be mounted in the corridor over the great Mosasaur skeleton. The attention of visitors is called to the series of water- colors by Mr. Charles R. Knight, showing the different forms of the modern Zebra, and displayed in connection with the series illustrating the evolution of the Horse. THe Department of Anthropology has received from J. D. Crimmins, Esq., the gift of a series of fifteen native Filipino hats. These were collected by his son, Lieut. Martin L. Crim- mins, Sixth’ Infantry, U. S. A., who is now stationed on the Island of Pane, Philippine Islands. 1] THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL SomME of the material collected by Dr. Berthold Laufer in China, mentioned in the JoURNAL for January, has been placed on exhibition in the northeastern quarter of Hall No. 207, on the main floor of the building. The most striking objects are four ancient bronze drums, ancient and modern examples of carving, baskets and richly-embroidered garments and cloths. Only sixteen bronze drums of this character are known to be in existence. Tue Andrew Ellicott Douglas collection of celts and other Indian implements is being installed in the Tower Room at the extreme southwest corner of the main floor. Tue Section of Archeology has received an exchange from the Buffalo Society of Natural History, consisting of a repre- sentative collection from a village site in the southern part of Buffalo. This site was inhabited in historic times by the Seneca Indians, at whose head was the famous chief, Red Jacket. In prehistoric times the same site was occupied by the Kah-Kwahs, another division of the Iroquois people, who spoke a related lan- guage and had kindred customs. In the early days this site was neutral ground, because it was near the quarry of chert, the ma- terial which all tribes alike needed for making arrow-points. When the Senecas, however, secured guns and no longer used chert-pointed arrows, they captured the site from the Kah- Kwahs, an event which took place early in the seventeenth century. The present collection was made by Mr. Frederick Houghton, principal of one of the Buffalo schools, and is very complete. The implements represent both the Seneca occupation and that of the prehistoric Kah-Kwahs, and are accompanied by full information regarding the circumstances of their finding and their probable use. The collection is on exhibition in Hall No. 208, on the main floor of the building. THE Anthropological Department has also received, as a gift from the Peabody Museum of Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the Mexican codices which have been prepared through the liberality and under the editorship of Mrs. Zelia Nuttall. 18 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Tue Department of Entomology has received from the Very Reverend E. A. Hoffman about six hundred and fifty specimens of butterflies from Australia, British New Guinea and other parts of the globe. All the forms are new to the collection, and there are many rare and beautiful species among them. Including this gift, the department received more than nine hundred speci- mens from this generous friend of the Museum during the year IgOl. Tue Department of Geology has placed on exhibition on the tops of some of the cases containing the Jesup Collection of Building Stones on the ground floor of the Museum a series of specimens illustrating the building stones of Georgia. These specimens are in the form of handsome eight-inch cubes, with one face polished and the others finished in different styles to show the appearance of the material when treated according to several methods of the stone-dresser’s art. The series com- prises thirty-eight of these cubes, and includes gray, homo- geneous granite of several shades, porphyritic granite and gneiss, sandstone, limestone and mottled and white marble. The collec- tion was made for the State of Georgia by the State Geologist, Dr. W. S. Yeates, and has been exhibited at the expositions held at Atlanta, Nashville and Buffalo. It has been deposited in the Museum by the Geological Board of Georgia as an exhibit of the resources of the State in regard to building stones. THREE important parts of the Memoirs of the Museum were issued in January as results of the explorations carried on by the Jesup North Pacific Expedition. They are, “The Traditions of the Quinault Indians,” by Dr. Livingston Farrand, assisted by W.S. Kahnweiler, forming Part III of Vol. IV of the whole series of Memoirs; ‘‘ Kwakiutl Texts,’ by Professor Franz Boas and George Hunt, forming Part I of VolV; and “ The Decorative Art of the Amur Tribes,” by Dr. Berthold Laufer, forming Part I of Vol. VII. The Quinault Indians live on the coast of the State of Washington, while the Kwakiutl tribe lives in British Columbia. In the Memoir, the Kwakiutl texts and the English translations thereof are arranged in parallel columns. Dr. Laufer’s paper is JS) THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL elaborately illustrated with thirty-three plates, some of which are in colors, and twenty-four text figures. TuHE Official record shows that 50,607 persons visited the Museum during the month of January, 1902. LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS. Durinc March the following lectures will be delivered at the Museum by Professor Albert S. Bickmore: To Teachers in the Public Schools: Saturday mornings at 10.30 o'clock: March 1st and 8th.—‘‘ The Upper Rhine.” March 15th and 22d —‘‘ The Lower Rh ne.”’ To the Members of the Museum and their friends, on Thurs- day evenings at 8.15 o'clock: March 6th.—‘‘ The Upper Rhine.”’ March 13th.— ‘The Lower Rhine.” The illustrations for these pictures have been prepared from negatives taken last summer expressly for Professor Bickmore. THE lectures given under the auspices of the City Board of Education will be continued throughout the month on Tuesday and Saturday evenings at 8 o’clock precisely. 20 Publications OF THE American Museum of Natural History ANNUAL REPORT: Octavo, about 80 pp. BULLETIN: Octavo; annual; about 4oo pages and 25 plates with numerous text illustrations. Articles relate about equally to Geology, Paleontology, Mam- malogy, Ornithology, Entomology and (in recent volumes) Anthropology. MEMOIRS: Quarto; issued in parts at irregular intervals, several parts being pub- lished annually. One volume has been completed and six are now under way. Each part forms a separate and complete monograph, varying in size from 24 to roo or more pages, with numerous plates, mostly lithographic. JOURNAL: Octavo; in numbers, one volume annually; illustrated. A popular record of the progress of the Museum, each number containing a Supplement which is a Guide Leaflet descriptive of some exhibit or group of exhibits in the Museum. ‘American Museum Journal EpmuND O. Hovey, -dzttor. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, ) Louis P. GRATACAP, - Advisory Board. WILiIAM K. GREGORY, \ Subscription One Dollar per year. The JouRNAL is sent free of charge to the Trustees, Patrons, Fellows, Life Members, Annual Members, Officers and Staff. For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 2 PAGE HDITORTATE' 217 : : : ¥ ‘ ; ; ; : . ‘ - oka A REMARKABLE SLAB OF FOSSIL CRINOIDS 2 : : : - moras DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION : : ; - ; << 5A THE ANDREW J. STONE EXPEDITION . : : 2 : : - «EG NEWS NOTES . ‘ : ; ¢ : : . 3 . : ; -. Si LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS ; : : ‘ , 5 : é 7) 20 THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS (GuipE LEAFLET) : . Supplement Volume II, Number 3 MARCH, 1902 ech: AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL wea (a3) jam [ey => tase | x | foe SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDE LEAFLET.ON NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS Published by the AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NaTURAL HisToRy New York City American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President First Vice-President Morris K. JEsuP Second Vice-President Witiiam E. DopGE Preasiver Henry F. OBorNs CHARLES LANIER Director Hermon C. Bumpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSEPH H. CHOATE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. O. HAVEMEYER ABRAM 8S. HEWITT A.. D. JUILEPARD ALBERT S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY R, PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN THe AMERICAN Museum oF NarturRAatL History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial codperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues form its members for procuring needed additions to its collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. <= <—-- —- 5) SVX3aL WOY¥S OTNGVWYY TISSO4 V The American Museum Journal Wen. 11. MARCH, 1902 No. 3. =) TE Annual Meeting of the Trustees of the Museum was held on Monday evening, February 10. The report of the Treasurer showed that there had been disbursed for maintenance, $147,773.75, which was $17,773.75 more than had been ap- propriated for this institution by the City. The deficit, how- ever, had been met by the contributions of the Trustees, which enabled the Museum to begin the current year free of debt. The subscriptions for the increase and improvement of the collections and for publication amounted to $141,452.13, of which $37,500 was received from the Trustees and $11,500 was derived from gifts made by numerous other contributors. The remainder of the sum total was in the nature of funds subscribed for ex- peditions in the field, for specific branches of the Museum’s work and for the purchase of special collections. The expeditions maintained during tg01 were the Jesup North Pacific expedition; the Hyde expeditions in the south- western States and in Mexico, supported by Messrs. B. T. Babbitt Hyde and F. E. Hyde, jr.; expeditions for archeological re- search in the Delaware Valley, supported by Dr. Frederick E. Hyde; the Mexican expedition under the patronage of the Duke of Loubat; an expedition in the Far East for the collection of material illustrating the life and customs of the Chinese; an ex- pedition throughout the western States in search of specimens for the formation of series showing the evolution of the horse, the cost of which was met by Mr. William C. Whitney; the Andrew J. Stone expedition to the Northwest for the purpose of obtaining specimens of the large game animals of the continent; expeditions from the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology to Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the West for fossil 23 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL reptiles and mammals; an expedition to the Selkirks for birds; one to South Dakota and Wyoming for fossil invertebrates, and one to the Black Mountains of North Carolina for insects. Among the notable acquisitions received during the year there may be mentioned a unique and valuable collection of gold coins to the number of eight hundred from the Philadelphia mint, presented by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan; the Briggs collection of Indian basketry, presented by Mr. George Foster Peabody; a series of Ainu objects made by Prof. Bashford Dean, and pre- sented by Mr. Arthur Curtiss James; a large collection of shells donated by Mr. Frederick A. Constable; large additions to the Hoffman collection of Butterflies by the Very Rev. Eugene A. Hoffman ; the Sennett collection of eight thousand birds; the Dorenburg collection of Mexican antiquities, and a large col- lection of Indian objects. The scientific staff of the Museum has been active along the line of publication, having issued during the year six parts of the quarto Memoirs, Part IV (conclusion) of Volume XI, Volume XIV and Part I of Volume XV of the Bulletin and eight numbers of the American Museum Journal. Four of the Memoirs emanated from the Anthropological Department, one from the Entomological Department and one from the Depart ment of Vertebrate Paleontology. Mr. Morris K. Jesup was elected President for the twenty- second term; Mr. Wm. E. Dodge and Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn were re-elected First and Second Vice-Presidents, re- spectively; Mr. Charles Lanier was re-elected Treasurer, and Professor Hermon C. Bumpus was made Director. A FOSSIL ARMADILLO FROM TEXAS. a the American Museum ee expedition of rg0or was that of a nearly complete carapace, or shell, the tail-pieces and part of the internal skele- ton of a Glyptodont. The specimen was found by the writer in the side of a bluff of ‘‘Bad Lands” at Mount 24 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Blanco, Texas. The only portions visible at first were a few small pieces of the scutes or scales that had been washed away and lay uncovered at the bottom of the little ravine, below where the main part of the skeleton still reposed in its original bed or matrix, but so completely hidden by the loose material and bunches of grass that covered the hill-side that it was only by diligent search that it was discovered. This queer animal belonged to a family of Edentates allied to the living armadillos. It was, however, much larger than the armadillo and differed from that animal in having a per- fectly rigid armor or shell. The armadillo has the plates of its armor fastened together in certain places in a manner to make them slightly movable one upon the other, enabling the animal to curl up in his shell, somewhat after the manner of a porcu- pine. The carapace of this Glyptodont from Texas is about four feet long, and the tail-piece is about two and one-half feet in length, hence the total length of the animal in life, from the point of the nose to the tip of the tail, must have been between seven and seven and one-half feet. This unique specimen is of particular scientific interest, since it is the first one of this extinct family, sufficiently well preserved to show any of its characters, found so far north in this country. Remains of species of Glyptodonts are very abundant in South America. Je We Gipmny, THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS. =a) the twelfth International Congress of American- | ists held in connection with the Universal Expo- sition at Paris in 1900, it was voted to accept the invitation of Mr. Morris Kk. Jesup to hold the thirteenth congress of the association in the halls of the American Museum from the 20th to the 25th of October next. Last November, Mr. Jesup, as president of the commision of organization of the meeting, issued an invitation to all the Americanists in the world to join the congress, the object of the 25 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL convention being, in the words of the circular of invitation, “to bring together students of the archeology, ethnology and early history of the two Americas, and by the reading of papers and by discussions to advance knowledge of these subjects.”’ The subjects to be discussed by the Congress relate to— I. The Native Races of America: their Origin, Distribution, History, Physical Characteristics, Languages, Inventions, Customs and Religions. II. The History of the Early Contact between America and the Old World. To make the preliminary arrangements for the congress and the discussions pertaining to the foregoing topics, President Jesup appointed a special committee, consisting of the heads of the departments of Anthropology in the American Museum, and invited the American Association for the Advancement of Science through its section of Anthropology to advise and codp- erate with that committee in selecting a general commission of organization, representative of the leading institutions in the United States at which work in Anthropology is being done. The officers of the Commission of Organization are as fol- lows: President, Morris K. Jesup; Vice-President, The Duke of Loubat; General Secretary, M. H. Saville; Treasurer, Harlan I Snaithe: The list of the members of the General Commission and the institutions which they represent is: Franz Boas, Columbia Uni- versity; E. G. Bourne, Yale University; Charles P. Bowditch, American Antiquarian Society; John C. Branner, Leland Stanford Junior University; J. V. Brower, Minnesota Historical Society; H.C. Bumpus, American Museum of Natural History; Sydney H. Carney, Jr., New York Historical Society; A. F. Chamberlain, Clark University; T. F. Crane, Cornell University; Stewart Culin, University of Pennsylvania, American Philosophical So- ciety and Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia; George A. Dorsey, Field Columbian Museum; G. T. Emmons, U. S. Navy; Livingston Farrand, New York Academy of Sci- ences; J. Walter Fewkes, American Association for the Ad- 26 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL vancement of Science; Geo. P. Garrison, Texas State Historical Association; D. C. Gilman, Johns Hopkins University; Charles 8. Gleed, Kansas State Historical Society; Stansbury Hagar, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences; Henry W. Haynes, American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Massachusetts His- torical Society; F. W. Hodge, Smithsonian Institution; Levi Holbrook, American Geographical Society; W. J. Holland, Car- negie Museum; W. H. Holmes, U. 8. National Museum; A. L. Kroeber, University of California; Otis T. Mason, Columbian University; W J McGee, National Geographic Society; Clar- ence B. Moore, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Edward 8S. Morse, National Academy of Sciences; W. W. Newell, American Folk-Lore Society ; A. S. Packard, Brown University ; G. H. Perkins, University of Vermont; J. W. Powell, Bureau of American Ethnology; F. W. Putnam, Harvard University; Wil- liam B. Scott, Princeton University; Frederick Starr, University meehicago: |. J. Stevenson, New York University; R. G. Thwaites, State Historical Society of Wisconsin; John Williams White, Archzeological Institute of America; Jas. Grant Wilson, American Ethnological Society; Thomas Wilson, Anthropo- logical Society of Washington; Talcott Williams, American His- torical Association. Since the Congress of Americanists has never before met in this country, a brief statement relating to its history and its ob- jects will be of interest in this connection. For several years prior to 1857 there were several gentlemen living in France who were especially interested in the pre-Columbian history of North and South America, particularly in relation to the ancient civi- lizations of Mexico and Peru and the theories regarding the peopling of the New World. In order further to encourage re- search on these and kindred subjects pertaining to America, a society was organized in that year under the name, “La Société Ameéricaine de France.” This association flourished to such a degree that its members conceived the idea of assembling an International Congress of Americanists to meet in Nancy, France, in 1875. The meeting at Nancy was attended by representatives of various countries, 27 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL and statutes were adopted which established the broader organ- ization on a firm basis. Biennial meetings were held at first, and the place was selected by the council of the “‘ Société Américaine de France’’; later, the place and time of the meeting were deter- mined by the Council of the Congress. Sessions of the Congress have been held at irregular intervals, first at Nancy, then at Luxemburg, Brussels, Madrid, Copenhagen, Turin, Berlin, Paris, Huelva, Stockholm, Mexico and again at Paris in 1goo. In acknowledgment of the international character and im- portance of these gatherings of students of ancient American history, the Congress has in several instances been directly under royal patronage, and everywhere great consideration has been accorded to the members, and high honor bestowed upon the Congress. The Presidents of the Congress have been men dis- tinguished for their work in some of its sections. A volume is published after each meeting containing a résumé of the proceed- ings of the Congress and a number of the important papers read at the meeting. With a full appreciation of all that the meeting of the Con- gress implies, the American Museum of Natural History will strive to do its part, as host, to make the coming meeting a suc- cessful one. The great collections in American archeology and ethnology, and the opportunities for comparative study which the Museum offers, with its corps of workers to give assistance, should induce many foreign Americanists to visit this conti- nent, which is the field of their investigations, while to all who come, whether from this country or abroad, a most hearty wel- come will be extended. Last month the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology placed on exhibition in its hall a remarkable specimen of an extinct Dog from Skillet Cik Donley Co., Texas, which has been described by Dr. W. D. Matthew under the name Dznocyon Gidlevi. The animal is the largest of the dog family thus far described and belongs to an extinct race resembling in many respects the bears. It must have equalled or exceeded the polar bear in size. The specimen consists of the skull with a con- 28 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL siderable part of the spinal column attached and parts of two bones of the leg. It may be found in Case 8 on the north side of the hall. A restoration of the head of the animal has been made in water colors by Mr. Charles R. Knight and is exhibited in con- nection with the specimen. HYPOCEPHALUS ARMATUS DESMAREST. SPECIMEN of the remarkable Beetle, Hypocephalus armatus Desmarest, has been purchased recently by the Museum and has been placed on exhibition in the gallery of the East Wing (Hall No. 302). The creature is a native of Brazil, where it lives in the roots of one of the plants of the tropical forest, probably confining itself to one kind of plant. The species has given rise to considerable controversy among scientists, and there have been more divergent opinions expressed regarding its systematic position and relationships than those of any other form of beetles known. Inform and structure it is very different from any other member of the order Coleoptera, though its general external ap- pearance is somewhat like that of the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). Without going deeply into anatomical details, the principal fea- tures which characterize this creature are the large prothorax, which equals in length and bulk the hinder portion of the body; the five-jointed tarsi; the enormously developed hind femora; the form of the mandibles; the manner in which the head 1s 21) THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL joined to the thorax; the short antenne, and the legs, which are adapted to digging. This insect was first described in 1832 by Desmarest, and it has been generally conceded by entomolo- gists that it forms a distinct genus and even family of Coleoptera. The species is considered to be a remnant or fragment of a very old fauna, otherwise unrepresented among living forms. The illustration given herewith is about six-fifths natural size. W. BEUTENMULLER. LECTURES IN MARCH AND APRIE Tue City Board of Education has provided the following courses of illustrated lectures for March and April. Saturday evenings, on physical geography: March 1.—JacquEes W. Repway, “Life of a World.” An explanation of some important facts in geology. March 8.—Jacques W. Repway, “Industrial Regions of the United States.” March 15.—RicHarpD E. Dopce, “‘Man’s Relation to Rivers and River Valleys.” March 22.—RIcHARD E. Dopce, “‘ Man’s Relation to Moun- tains and Plains.”’ March 29.—RicHarpD E. Dopce, “Life in the Deserts.” April 5.—Cyrus C. Apams, “Great Ports of the World.” April 12.—Joun W. Moyer, ‘How to Know the Common recs April 19.—Joun W. Moyer, ‘“‘ Where Lumber Comes From.” April 26.—Miss Louise KLEIN MILLER, “‘ Home Gardening.”’ Tuesday evenings, on the geography of North America: March 4.—Joun P. Crum, “ Alaska.”’ March 11.—S. T. Wi ttis, “The Mississippi Valley and the Southern States.” March 18.—H. L. Bripeman, “Seeking Peary and the Pole.”’ March 25.—W. E. MEEHAN, “ Pennsylvania.” April 1.—EcERTON R. Youne, ‘‘In the Land of the Red Men, as they Were and Are. With Glimpses of Prairies, Mountains, Lakes and the Glorious Northern Auroras.”’ April 8.—W. E. MEgenan, “ Florida.” April 15.—Joun P. Cium, “In the Wake of the Setting Sun.” April 22.—W. E. Simmons, ‘The Nicaragua Canal.” April 29.—Joun C. Bowker, “ Hawaii.” The doors of the lecture hall will be opened at half-past seven, and the lectures will begin promptly at eight o’clock. 30° WAN en a eee | a Stal ‘ r i Ai? a at © . ' Scientific Staff Director. Hermon C. Bumpus. Department of Public Instruction. Prof. ALBERT S. BICKMORE, Curator. Department of Geology and Invertebrate Palzontology. Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator. EpmunpD O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator. Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology. Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator. Frank M. CHapman, Associate Curator. Department of Anthropology. Prof. FREDERIC W. Putnam, Curator. Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology. MarsHa.t H. SaviL_eE, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology. Haran I. Smitu, Assistant Curator of Archeology. Department of Vertebrate Paleontology. Prof. Henry FAIRFIELD OsBorRN, Curator. : ee Ph D. Assistant Curators. Department of Entomology. WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator. Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology. L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator. Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy. Prof. Hermon C. Bumpus, Curator. GEORGE H. SHERWOOD, A.M., Assistant Curator. Librarian. A. WoopwarbD, Ph.D. The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, iy Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board. Witiiam K. GREGORY, Subscription, One Dollar per year. A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes of J Members of the Museum. ! For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy. Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Amers - can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue. e CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 3 a PAG ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES . wee A FOSSIL ARMADILLO FROM TEXAS. By J. W. GIDLE} ic rated) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS . 25 NEWS NOTE .° . i... ..., | i HYPOCEPHALUS ARMATUS. By WM. BEUTENMULLER (lesa 2 rd LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS . ae ; ears a NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS. By. J. A.Allen . : . Supplement — Volume II, Number 4 APRIL, 1902 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Walch si PPL EMEN ti, ON THE ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF SOUTHEASTERN UTAH Published monthly, except June to September, by THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY New York City American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. JEsup First Vice-President Second Vice-President Witiiam E. Dopce Henry F. OsBorn Treasurer CHARLES LANIER - Dvurector HERMON C. Bumpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSEPH H. CHOATE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. O. HAVEMEYER ABRAM 8S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD ALBERT S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY "R~PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN THE AMERICAN Museum or NaTurAL History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial coéperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues from its members for procuring needed additions to its collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. The American Museum Journal Wor. it: APRIL, Ig02 No. 4. aq) HE ‘‘ Guide Leaflet’ presented with this number of il the JouRNAL is descriptive of a remarkable as- semblage of baskets, sandals, pottery, clothing and articles of food, and the desiccated bodies of the people who made use of them, which has been installed in the southwest corner of the West hall, second floor. The people are known as the “Basket Makers” and they lived and died in the cafions of the southeastern part of Utah, probably before the prehistoric Cliff Dwellers inhabited that region. This collection comprises the oldest baskets known from this con- tinent. Even as late as ten years ago it was not generally sup- posed that basket-making had been carried to such a high degree of perfection so early in the history of the American races. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Joun C. Mepp, Esq., Hon. Secretary of the committee hav- ing in charge the Nature Study exhibition which is to be held in London next July, under the patronage of many well-known personages, among whom is Lord Strathcona, High Commis- sioner for Canada, has written to Prof. A. S. Bickmore, asking him to make an exhibit of the slides, photographs and methods used for ‘“‘visual instruction’? by the Department of Public Instruction of the American Museum. Mr. Medd, furthermore, has invited Prof. Bickmore to take part in the important series of conferences on Nature Study which are to be held in con- nection with the exhibition. Prof. Bickmore intends to accept this invitation and is making ready a series of photographic prints and slides illustrating the forestry of North America, as prepared for his lectures in the Museum and throughout the 31 ” Ss9 2 2: 8. TYPES OF BILL TYPES OF FEET TWO PARTS OF THE EXHIBIT DESIGNED TO ILLUSTRATE TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ORNITHOLOGY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL State. These photographs are in sets of six showing each forest tree barren of leaves and in full leaf, the trunk, a single leaf, the flower and the fruit. As far as is practicable, each set has been made from but one tree. The exhibit of the Department of Public Instruction will include, also, a complete series of photographs of the exhibition halls of the Museum, taken espe- cially to show the study of our collections by classes of pupils from the free public schools. These series of photographs of trees have been especially commended by the national and State forestry authorities, who have requested the privilege of reproducing them in the illustration of their reports. AN EXHIBIT DESIGNED TO ILLUSTRATE TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ORNITHOLOGY. RN order to make the bird collection of greater value to students, there lately have been placed on exhibition several series showing birds’ bills, feet, tails, wings and feathers, with the technical names which are applied to them by ornithologists. Thus, referring to figure 9 in the greatly reduced reproduction on page 32 of the exhibits showing “Types of Bills,” the nature of a hypognathous bill is seen at once, and the technical name (Greek v0, under, yvaGos, jaw) is found to relate to the fact that the under mandible is longer than the upper, a condition rare among birds. Again, turning to the plate of feet, it will be observed that a zygodactyle foot (Greek Cvyorv, a yoke, daurtvdos, a digit) has two toes in front and two behind, hence the technical name, meaning, literally, yoke-toed. These two illustrations are sufficient to show the practical use of this exhibit, but the thoughtful student will go a step further, and seeing, for instance, so many bills and feet brought into direct comparison with one another, will inquire, “ Why this great variation in form?” This thought will lead to a study of the relation between habit and structure, one of the most inter- esting branches of the study of birds in nature. The hypogna- thous bill of the Black Skimmer, which in the dead specimen 33 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL suggests a malformation, will then be found to be closely related ~ to the bird’s manner of feeding, which is to drop the elongated lower mandible slightly below the surface. as it skims rapidly over the water. In this way the bird gathers various forms of aquatic life for food. In a similar manner, observation shows that the singular, re-curved or upturned bill of the Avocet (No. 3) is used to find food on the bottom in shallow water. When feeding, the bird swings the head from side to side through an are of about 50°, the convexity of the lower mandible just grazing the mud or sand, while the delicate, pointed tip of the bill is turned up out of harm’s way. Similarly the lamellirostral or platy brll of the Mallard (No. 2), the serrate or saw bill of the Merganser (No. 4), the spatulate bill of the Spoonbill (No. 7), and the tenuirostral or slender needle-like bill of the Hummingbird, indeed the bills of all birds, will be found to be related to the character of the food of the bird in question or to the manner of obtaining it. On studying the feet, wings and tails, a similar close con- nection between form and function is seen to exist; and, while it is necessary so to describe and name a form that the terms em- ployed become a part of the exact language of science, termin- ology is only a means to an end, and should indicate to us the cause of the widely different types of structure which are en- countered in nature and of which only a few are illustrated in this new exhibit. F.- Me 2G. MEXICAN. CODICES. aN this JouRNAL for October, 1go01, there is a brief | «notice of the exhibition of the reproductions of the several ancient Mexican manuscripts for which the Museum is indebted to the Duke of Loubat. To this interesting exhibit there has recently been added, as a gift from the Peabody Museum of Har- vard University, a reproduction of a beautiful example of ancient Mexican picture-writing. The re-discovery of this codex is due to the indefatigable researches of Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, in whose honor it has been named the Codex Nuttall by the Peabody 34 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Museum, thus acknowledging the indebtedness of Americanists to this accomplished scholar and interpreter of ancient Mexican culture. In the introductory pamphlet which accompanies this fac- simile reproduction of the codex, Mrs. Nuttall shows that it was probably one of two native books sent by Cortes from Vera Cruz to Charles V in 1519. She also shows that the date correspond- ing to 1519 of the Julian calendar occurs in the Mexican picto- graphs, and is precisely that of the year that Cortes landed at Vera Cruz. In a discussion of the contents of the codex, Mrs. Nuttall states that ‘‘although beings of celestial descent are some- times figured, it is obvious that the text deals with real persons and is mainly historical. Priests are represented wearing, as was customary, the insignia of some of the chief divinities, such as the rain-god, Tlaloc, or of Quetzalcoatl, yet the text is certainly not of a religious nature.”’ She follows out the history of “Lady Three-flint’”’ and also of “Lord EHight-ehecatl, showing in this way the method, at least in part, of reading Mexican pictography, of which this codex is such a beautiful example. With the aid of Mrs. Nuttall’s introductory pamphlet, students will be able to get a knowledge of Mexican picture-writing that has heretofore been hardly ob- tainable, and to the liberal patrons of American research who con- tributed to the publication of this valuable codex this Museum is, in common with others, greatly indebted. Mrs. Nuttall designates the known Mexican codices as fol- lows: I. Vatican Codex No. 3773. II. Borgian Codex. III. Bologna (Cospian) Codex. IV. Féjérvary (Mayer) Codex. V. Laud Codex. VI. Bodleian Codex. ies Selden Codex. VIII. (a) Becker Codex; (b) Colombino Codex. ic Vienna Codex: Be Codex, Nuttall. 35 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Nearly all of these have now been reproduced, and are exhibited in the Mexican Hall of the Museum with other examples of Mexi- can pictography, including maps and mural paintings. In the case with the Mexican codices are also placed reproductions of the “Maya” or Central American codices showing the hiero- glyphics of that region, which are also well represented on the monuments in the same hall. FF, Wwees NEWS NOTES. THe Museum has received considerable valuable material through the kind efforts of Professor Bashford Dean of Columbia University, who returned last fall from a year’s sojourn in Japan. In addition to the Ainu material obtained by him and presented by Mr. A. C. James, to which reference was made in the January JouRNAL, Professor Dean selected and purchased for the Mu- seum a beautiful collection of siliceous sponges comprising thirty- seven specimens which represent sixteen genera and about twenty-six species. In the series there are several remarkably fine examples of the “ Venus flower basket.” Dr. EpGar A. MEARNS, Surgeon U. S. Army, to whom the Museum is already indebted for many thousand specimens, has recently donated to the Department of Conchology a large series of specimens illustrating the littoral molluscan fauna of the vicinity of Newport, Rhode Island. THROUGH the generosity of Percy R. Pyne, Esq., the Museum was enabled in March to purchase two unpublished paintings of birds by John J. Audubon. The subjects of these paintings are the Myrtle Warbler and the Red-Eyed Vireo. Mucu additional material from the A. J. Stone Expedition to. Alaska has been received recently, among which there are speci- mens of what proves to be a fine new species of Caribou and a new species or subspecies of Mountain Sheep. This expedition is the first of a series made possible through the efforts of Madison Grant, Esq., and supported by him and other friends of the 36 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Museum, for the purpose of securing to the Museum an adequate representation of the game mammals of the continent. The past season’s work has been especially important because it has provided the Museum with fine material from Alaska, a portion of America heretofore practically unrepresented in our collections. THROUGH the kindness of Dr. William T. Hornaday, Director of the New York Zodlogical Park, the Museum receives many valuable specimens of mammals and birds in the flesh. The following have been sent in since the first of January: MammMats.—1 Brazilian Deer, 1 young Axis Deer, 1 New- foundland Caribou, 1 Elk, 1 Spanish Goat, 2-American Ante- lopes, 1 Canada Porcupine, 2 Otters, 1 Crab-eating Raccoon, 1 Kinkajou, 2 Marmosets, 1 Spider Monkey, 3 Entellus Monkeys, 3 Cebus Monkeys, 1 Macacus Monkey, 1 Cercopithecus Monkey, 1 Mongoose Lemur. Birps.—1 Flamingo, 1 Eagle, 2 Peacocks, 1 Peacock Pheasant, 1 Stork. Mrs. C. P. Huntineton and Archer M. Huntington, Esq., have provided liberally for the continuation of the work begun in 1899 by the Anthropological Department of the Museum among the Indians of California, through the liberality of Mr. Collis P. Huntington. Some of the results of the work already accomplished by the Huntington expedition among the Cali- fornia Indians have been published this winter in the Bulletin of the Museum by Dr. Roland B. Dixon. The “ Basketry De- signs of the Indians of Northern California”’ is the title of the first of the series of publications issued by this expedition. ANOTHER instalment of Siberian material collected by the Jesup North Pacific expedition was received at the Museum in March. This consists of 135 boxes containing specimens illus- trating the customs of the tribes living on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and on the Asiatic coast of Bering Sea. The collection was made by Messrs. Jochelson and Bogoras. The largest object is a great sea-going umiak or Eskimo skin-boat. Among other important specimens in this collection are some bits of ancient pottery from the north coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. At the 37 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL present time no pottery is used by the tribes inhabiting the coast of Siberia north of the Amur river, while on the North Pacific coast of America, pottery occurs only among a few Eskimo tribes of Alaska. The occurrence of prehistoric pottery in northern Siberia seems, therefore, to be of particular archeological inter- est. The shipment contains also the large zodlogical collection made by Mr. N. G. Buxton, who accompanied the expedition. DuRING the first week in March Mr. C. E. Borchgrevink, the explorer who was in charge of the British Antarctic expedition, 1898-1900, and who spent a winter on the Antarctic continent, was the guest of the Museum. On March 7 he gave a highly in- teresting and instructive lecture in the Museum in which he described his travels and experiences in the extreme South. His lecture was illustrated by means of lantern slides, which gave a vivid idea of the difficulties and dangers met with and overcome by the explorer and his companions. LECTURES. IN codperation with the Audubon Society of the State of New York and the Linnzan Society of New York City the Museum has offered to teachers a series of eight informal talks on birds, illus- trated by specimens which can be handled freely for purposes of comparison and discussion. The object of these lectures, which are given on Saturday afternoons at 3 o'clock during April and May, is to assist teachers in instructing their classes in this very important and interesting branch of Nature Study. The list of subjects and speakers is as follows: April 5 and 12.—* The Birds of Early Spring.” By FRANK M. CHAPMAN. April 19 and 26.—‘“The Birds of April.” By Wuititam DUTCHER. May 3 and 1o.—‘‘The Birds of Early May.” » By SU DwIGHtT, JR. May 17 and 24.—‘‘ The Birds of Late May, and Birds’ Nests.” By C. WILLIAM BEEBE. 38 Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. BicKMORE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator Frank M. CyHapMan, Associate Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREpDERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology Marsua.u H. Savitie, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Harvan I. Smiru, Assistant Curator of Archeology Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. Henry FAIRFIELD OsBorN, Curator W. D. Matruew, Ph.D., ) O. P. Hay, Ph.D., j Assistant Curators Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Graracap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zoélogy Prof. HErmMon C. Bumpus, Curator Greorce H. SHerwoop, A.M., Assistant Curator Library A. WoopwarbD, Ph.D., Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 25 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except June to September. The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor FrANK M. CHAPMAN, Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board Witiiam K. GREGORY, Subscription, One Dollar per year A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes of Members of the Museum * += For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri-_ can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and' Eighth Avenue, New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 4 PAGE EDITORIAL ©. é é ; 5 : oe aa DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION . : 31 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TERMS IN DESCRIPTIVE ORNITHOLOGY (lus- trated) : : : ; : : ; 4 ‘ : : ; ee MEXICAN CODICES ; : : : : : , : : ; tae NEWS NOTES : ; : : : 3 ; ; / +368 LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS é ; . ae THE ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF SOUTHEASTERN UTAH. 9 Sy GrEorGE H. PEPPER : : : é : : : . Supplement Volume II, Number 5 May, 1902 ASEEE: AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Witt SUP PLEMENT ON Saeed LIERPLIES OF THE, VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY Published monthly, except July to September, by THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NaTURAL HISTORY New York City American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. JEsuP First Vice-President Second Vice-President WILLIAM E. DopvcGe Henry F. Osporn Treasurer CHARLES LANIER Director HeERmMoN C. BumMpPpus Secretary and A ssistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSEPH H. CHOATE, GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. O. HAVEMEYER ABRAM S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD ALBERT S. BICKMORE é FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY R. PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN THE AMERICAN Museum oF NaTurRAL History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial codperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and — the dues from the members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. The American Museum Journal Mor. IT: MAY, 1902 INO} 5. ey UR “ Guide Leaflet” this month pertains to the Local y [i] Collection of Butterflies which is on exhibition in the Central hall of the third or gallery floor. It has been prepared by Mr. William Beutenmiuller, Curator of Entomology, and is intended to be used for field identification of the species, as well as in the study of the specimens in the cases. All forms of nature-study are of interest and value in the education of children, but entomology seems to present some especially attractive features. The iden- tification and study of the larger forms of the butterflies, moths, beetles, flies and so on is not difficult, and the habits of observa- tion inculcated by the exercise are of-lasting value to the pupil. by \) al PH | aL THE 10 MOTH (A utomeris 70) Hermaphrodite form, natural size. In the collection of local Lepidoptera formed by the late S. Lowell Elliot, and presented to the Museum by Mrs. M. Schuyler Elliot, there is a very interesting specimen of a hermaphrodite 39 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL form of the lo moth (Automeris 10). The left side of the specimen shows, in the coloration of the wings, head, thorax and legs, and the structural characters of the antenne, the features of the nor- mal male, while the corresponding right side shows the features of the normal female, except the hind leg, which is like that of the male. In shape and size, the abdomen is like that of the female, while in color it is like that of the male, except that the under side is dull brown, as in the female. NEWS NOTES. NEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALAZON- (| TOLOGY.—The preparation of the series of skel- etons and bones representing the development of the horse, provided for by the liberality of William C. Whitney, Esq., is progressing satisfactorily. The skeleton of the three-toed horse, Anchitherium, which was discovered last season, has been mounted and placed on exhibi- tion in the Hall of Fossil Vertebrates. This specimen has been the means of determining positively the occurrence of this marsh- living horse in this country, and has enabled Professor Osborn and his assistants to clear up the doubtful relations of many specimens which were obtained by Professors Leidy and Cope, but which were too fragmentary to be classified satisfactorily. Anchitherium was an animal about as large as a small Shetland pony, and differed especially from the Plains horses by having short-crowned teeth and by its broad-spreading three-toed feet which enabled the animal to walk over soft ground without sinking. The Museum has also secured recently from South Dakota a considerable portion of an excellent specimen of Mesohippus bairdt, which, together with material already in the collection, will make possible the mounting of a skeleton showing this stage in the development of the Horse. Mesohippus was about the size of a sheep. In preparing the comparative series of skeletons showing the 40 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL differences produced in the horse by breeding or artificial selec- tion, Professor Osborn has enlisted the aid of Professor J. C. Ewart, who is well known for his experiments at Penicuik, Scot- land, in the interbreeding of horses and zebras. From Professor Ewart the Museum has secured a perfect Shetland pony, only 314 inches high, the smallest on record. The first of the series of horse skulls showing the development of the teeth will soon be placed on exhibition. Six water-color paintings of horses, asses and zebras have been completed by Mr. Charles R. Knight, and put on view. This series has been made partly as a color-study for use in pre- paring the restorations of the extinct horses. The type specimens of the species of horses described by Dr. Joseph Leidy have been loaned to the Museum by the United States National Museum and the Philadelphia Academy of Sci- ences, for purposes of comparative study. The exhibit of Titanotheres in the northwest corner of the Hall of Fossil Vertebrates has been entirely rearranged to accord with the results of the studies which Professor Osborn has been making during the past winter for the United States Geological Survey. Small models of the heads of the four principal types of Titanotheres and of the ancestral form and a model of the running brontothertum have been prepared by Mr. Knight, and are to be placed on exhibition near the fossil bones. Ss EPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY AND ORNI- THOLOGY.—Mr. Frank M. Chapman, the Asso- ciate Curator of the Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, is spending his vacation in mak- ing a cruise among the Bahama Islands, on a schooner chartered for the purpose, and is making collections of the birds and carrying on special studies of their habits. THE course of Saturday afternoon talks and laboratory exer- cises in ornithology, given in the auditorium of the Museum during April and May, has proved to be popular, and is consid- ered very instructive and helpful by the large number of teach- 4I THE"RED-EYED VIREO From one of two unpublished paintings by J. J . Audubon, obtained by the Museum throuczh the liberality of Percy R, Pyne, Esq, THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL ers and others who have attended the exercises. The programme of the series was given in the last number of the JOURNAL. THE head of a large African elephant, mounted in realistic style, has been hung on the wall of the East Corridor hall of the second floor, and an excellent head of the two-horned African rhinoceros has been put in a similar position on the third floor. These specimens have been deposited with the Museum by Mr. William F. Whitehouse, Jr., of Banbury, England, an enthu- siastic hunter of large game. THE head of a large Alaskan moose, presented by Mr. L. S. Thompson, has been mounted and placed in the East Corridor hall, near the entrance to the main mammal hall. The head is remarkable, not only for its size, but also for the unusual develop- ment of the antlers, a series of tines having grown out from the middle of the palms on each side. THE Osprey group, the material for which was collected last year on Gardiner’s island by Mr. Frank M. Chapman, has been completed and placed on exhibition in the West Corridor hall of the third floor. It makes a notable addition to the series of groups representing the life history of birds. THE birds and mammals brought back by Mr. N. G. Buxton as a result of his visit to northeastern Siberia, in connection with the Jesup North Pacific expedition, have been examined by the Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology. The material proves a valuable addition to the collections of the Museum for the purposes of study and exhibition. The value of Mr. Bux- ton’s observations in Siberia is enhanced by the large series of photographs which he brought back with him. ) EPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY.—The Mu- | seum is fortunate in having procured for the Department of Anthropology the Raff collection of wood-carvings from the tribes of western Africa. The objects are mostly of religious or ceremonial character. All are old and in an excellent state of preservation. 43 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL THE ethnological material collected by Mr. A. J. Stone on his first expedition to Alaska has been acquired by the Museum. The objects were obtained, for the most part, along the Macken- zie river and the Arctic coast and represent the early culture of tribes which have been greatly affected in late years by French missionaries. Mr. WALDEMAR Bocoras has returned from his travels in Siberia, in connection with the Jesup North Pacific expedition, notices of which have appeared in the JouRNAL from time to time, and has begun the study of the large amount of material which he has collected and sent to the Museum. GrorGE Foster PEasopy, Esq., has furnished the Museum with funds for the purchase of the Steiner collection of archzeo- logical implements from Georgia, which forms a desirable addi- tion to the Museum series representative of North American archeology. B. Tatspott B. Hype, Esq., has purchased the Andrew E. Douglass library, which has long been at the Museum with the Douglass collection, and which contains many rare treasures of archeological literature, and has made it available for use in connection with the Hyde exploring expedition. Miss M. W. Bruce has presented the Department of Miner- alogy with a large and showy group of calcite crystals from Joplin, Missouri. The chief feature of the group is a large com- posite scalenohedron, the top of which is capped by a single turban-shaped crystal. Earty in April Professor R. P. Whitfield returned from his vacation, which he spent visiting southern California. Mr. GEorcE H. SHERWOOD, the Assistant Curator of the Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy, has gone to Woods Hole to continue the experiments on the artificial propagation of the lobster which have been under way for some years by the United States Fish Commission. 44 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL RECENT PUBLICATIONS. THE following articles of Vol. XVI (1902) of the Museum ‘“ Bulletin’’ have been issued up to April 23: A New Species of Elk from Arizona. By E. W. Nelson. 12 pages, 7 text illustrations. Zimmermann’s ‘ Zoologiz Geographice’ and ‘Geographische Geschichte’ Considered in their Relation to Mammalian Nomen- elacure. By J. A. Allen. 10 pages. The Crania of Trenton, New Jersey, and their Bearing upon the Antiquity of Man in that Region. By Ales Hrdlicka. 40 pages, 4 text figures, 22 plates. Description of a New Form of Myalina from the Coal Meas- ures of Texas. By R. P. Whitfield. 4 pages, 2 text illustrations. Observations on and Emended Description of Heteroceras simplicostatum Whitfield. By R. P. Whitfield. 6 pages, 5 plates. Description of a Teredo-like Shell from the Laramie Group. Pope Whitheld. 4 pages, 1 text figure, 2 plates. The Four Phyla of Oligocene Titanotheres. By Henry Fair- field Osborn. 19 pages, 13 text illustrations. Dolichocephaly and Brachycephaly in the Lower Mammals. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. 13 pages, 5 text illustrations. The Generic and Specific Names of Some of the Otariide. By jee len: 8 pages. A New Caribou from the Alaska Peninsula. By J. A. Allen. 9 pages, 6 text illustrations. A Skull of Dinocyon from the Miocene of Texas. By W. D. Matthew. 8 pages, 4 text illustrations. On the Skull of Bunzelurus, a Musteline from the White River Oligocene. By W. D. Matthew. 4 pages, 3 text illustrations. A New Bear from the Alaska Peninsula. By J. A. Allen. 3 pages, 2 plates. A New Sheep from the Kenai Peninsula. By J. A. Allen. Meaees, 2 text figures. Description of a New Caribou from Northern British Co- lumbia, and Remarks on Rangifer montanus. By J. A. Allen. Io pages, 6 text figures. 45 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL ATTENDANCE AT THE MUSEUM DURING 1001. Department of Public Instruction: Lectures toPeachens’ is) at ens ee ee lectures ‘to: Members, 2.4). oh sa i Holiday ikectures to.the Public? 2.2.0 Columbia University ‘Course of Lectures./.4, 5 ene Board of Education, ‘‘ Free Lectures to the People”’: Tuesday Evenme Courses t4i. 4.0 =. ee ee Saturday Hvening Courses e+). isa ee Meetings of Societies: Audubon Society =... +... ua oh os se ee Lannicbanm Society wis kicel. Lae. Se Pntoniolopical' Society... {ies has 2 ee Anthropological Society vs yal es 2 oe Oe Mineralogical Clialo ge): ts 2. (ih Convention of the American Ornithological Union.... Total attendance, lectures, meetings and conventions Other visitors to the Museum: = 3220s. sn ee eee Totakattendance forthe year 22. 263-09 eee 46 12,491 8,998 5,050 2,372 41,543 55551 254 182 I0O0 43 aa 275 76,896 384,130 461,026 Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. BickmMorE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator . Frank M. CuHapman, Associate Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREpERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology MarsHALt H. SAvit_e, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Hartan I. Smirtu, Assistant Curator of Archeology Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator ’ Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. HENRY FAIRFIELD OsBorn, Curator W. D. Mattruew, Ph.D., Associate Curator. O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator. Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. Hermon C. Bumpus, Curator GeorGE H. SHerwoop, A.M., Assistant Curator Library A. Woopwarb, Ph.D.. Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 25 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except July to September. The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor FRANK M. CHAPMAN, : = Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board ; y WitiiaMmM K. GREGORY, a Subscription, One Dollar per year A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees - all classes of} Members of the Museum For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri-— can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue, New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 5 PAGE | EDITORIAL ~~. /\. 0 6 2 rr A HERMAPHRODITE 10 MOTH .2) 2 4 0s NEWS NOTES: y DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALZONTOLOGY . . . 40 — DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY. . . 415 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY. . . . . RECENT PUBLICATIONS . ..). - ATTENDANCE AT THE MUSEUM DURING | Loot awe 46° 9 THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK cry. By WILiiaM BEUTENMULLER. : - 2 : : 3 . Supplement ‘= Volume I], Number 6 JUNE, 1902 ELE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Published monthly, except July to September, by THe AMERICAN MuseUM OF NATURAL HisTORY New York City American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. JEsuP First Vice-President Second Vice-President WILLIAM E. DopGE Henry F. OsBorn Treasurer CHARLES LANIER Director Hermon C. Bumpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSEPH H. CHOATE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. 0. HAVEMEYER ABRAM 8S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD ALBERT S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY R. PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN Tue AMERICAN Museum oF NaTurRAL History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial codperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues from the members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. —— The American Museum Journal Wore LE. JUNE, 1902 No. 6. NEW ETHNIC GROUPS. re HE life-size ethnic groups illustrating the appearance at ih and culture of the Eskimo, the Indians of the Northwest coast, the Indians of the Plains, etc., are being supplemented by a new series of groups, in miniature but representing more complex scenes. One of these, showing a village of the Thompson River (B. C.) Indians, with the people pursuing various occupations, was pictured in this JourNAL, Vol. I, No. ro, p. 148. Another of the series shows some Eskimo, their snow dwellings, dogs, sleds, etc. The latest, recently put on exhibition in the Hall of North American Ethnology, represents the Sun Dance of the Arapaho Indians. This is quite an elaborate group, including 200 figures, each about four inches high. It shows a great circular open frame- work lodge, within which the dancers are arranged in a semi- circle, the people crowding around outside the lodge. By means of these small groups scenes of much greater scope than would be possible with life-size groups can be represented accurately and effectively. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. (Continued.) HE DerparTMENT oF ANTHROPOLOGY.—Very soon ca Mill after the foundation of the Museum, archeological collections from various parts of America began to come in. Their number increased rapidly, and led to the establishment of a special department of the Museum, which was put in charge of Professor Albert 5. 47 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Bickmore. A number of important collections were purchased, which formed the nucleus of the Department. Among these, the Morgan collection from the Somme Valley, France, the Davis collection from the mounds of Ohio, the Squier collection of antiquities of South America and Central America and the Jones collection from Georgia are particularly worthy of mention. Some of these collections are of historical importance. No systematic development of the Department was attempted during these years, although a considerable amount of archzo- logical and ethnological material continued to be received. During this period the primary interest was directed rather to the remains of the ancient inhabitants of our continent than to a representation of the customs of existing tribes; nevertheless a considerable amount of material from North America, as well as from South America, began to accumulate. One of the most important donations to this Department during this period was that of a large collection from British Columbia, made by Dr. J. W. Powell of Victoria, B. C., and presented to the Museum in 1880 by Mr. Heber R. Bishop. About the same time Mr. Appleton Sturgis deposited a large collection of objects from the islands of the Pacific Ocean in the Museum, which later on was purchased by the Trustees. Fora long time these two collections formed the principal ethnological exhibits of the Department. The material contained in the Bishop collection has been most admirably supplemented by a collection from Alaska, which the Trustees purchased in 1887 from Lieut. G. T. Emmons, who had been collecting ethnological specimens during a long-continued stay in that region. In 1894 this collection was still further improved by the purchase of a second collection made by Lieutenant Emmons. Mr. Henry Villard engaged Dr. Carl Lumholtz to carry on for the Mu- seum researches in northern Mexico. Later on this work was also continued at the expense of the Museum until its comple- tion in 18908. While thus the ethnological collections of the Museum were increasing, the growth of the archzological material also con- tinued. In 1880 Mr. James Terry brought to the Museum his 48 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL large and varied collection, which covers almost the whole of the North American continent, and which is particularly rich in objects from California and Oregon. In 18g91 this collection was purchased by the Trustees. Another valuable archzological col- lection which was brought to the Museum about this time was that of Mr. Andrew E. Douglass. It contains a great number of exquisite specimens, and is arranged so as to show synoptically the various types occurring in North America. Shortly before his death in 1901, Mr. Douglass donated his entire collection to the Museum. ; The growth of the Department made it necessary to place it under the charge of a special curator. For a number of years Professor Bickmore had combined the direction of the Depart- ment with numerous other duties connected with the Museum. After a few years of experiments the Department of Archzology and Ethnology was established under the curatorship of Mr. James Terry, who retained this position until 1894. In Janu- ary, 1894, Mr. Marshall H. Saville entered on the duties of Assistant Curator, and later in the same year Professor F. W. Putnam was appointed to the curatorship. With this time com- menced the systematic development of the Department by means of expeditions organized for the purposes of collecting and re- search. The two expeditions which had been entered upon under the curatorship of Mr. Terry were continued, but numer- ous other enterprises, which were decided upon according to the needs of the Department, were organized. Owing to the peculiar manner in which the Department had grown, the collections were very unsystematic. From some regions excellent and exhaustive material had been received, while other districts were not represented at all. Since the Museum had never undertaken any archeological research, there was not a collection that represented the archeology of any definite area fully. For this reason it was one of the first undertakings of Professor Putnam to send collectors to carry on researches in a few typical fields. Mr. Harlan I. Smith ex- plored some of the stone graves of Kentucky, while Dr. George A. Dorsey and Mr. C. L. Metz carried on similar work in Ohio. 49 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL It seemed of especial interest to investigate the archeology of New York State, more particularly in the vicinity of New York City. Work in this region was carried on for a number of years by Mr. M. H. Saville, Mr. George H. Pepper, Mr. Harlan I. Smith, and of late years by Mr. M. Raymond Harrington. Much of the expense of these undertakings has been defrayed by friends of the institution. The interesting gravels of Trenton, N. J., in which artifacts have been found to considerable depths, seemed to require fur- ther examination, in order to determine as accurately as possible the distribution of such objects in the various layers of the gravel. This work, which has been carried on by Mr. Ernest Volk, has continued from 1893 up to the present time, and has yielded very accurate information on this much-discussed ques- tion. The painstaking investigations of Mr. Volk have been supported by the liberality of Dr. F. E. Hyde and the Duke of Loubat. One of the most important inquiries organized by the Mu- seum is the archeological investigation of the ruins of the South- west. The Museum was enabled to undertake this work by the enthusiasm and the liberality of Mr. B. Talbot B. Hyde and Mr. Frederick E. Hyde, Jr., who organized an expedition to the Southwest in 1894. From 1895 on, the archzological work of the expedition has been carried on principally by Mr. George H. Pepper. The specimens obtained through these researches are of very great interest, and the scientific results are of consider- able importance. Investigations in Mexico and Central America were also taken up with great vigor. The Museum was enabled to carry on extensive work in this district, particularly through the liber- ality of the Duke of Loubat, who has done so much to advance our knowledge of Central America and Mexico. He donated to the Museum a complete collection of all the existing reproduc- tions of Central American sculptures, so that the student finds in this Museum unequalled opportunity for the study of Central American antiquities. The Duke of Loubat also sent the well- known Americanist, Prof. Eduard Seler, to Mexico in the joint 50 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL interests of the American Museum of Natural History and the Royal Ethnographical Museum of Berlin. Later on, Mr. Marshall H. Saville succeeded in obtaining per- mission from the Mexican Government for the American Museum of Natural History to conduct archeological researches in Mex- ico. Based on this agreement, a number of expeditions have been undertaken, which again have been largely supported by the Duke of Loubat. Mr. Saville has carried on researches in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca, which have yielded results of considerable scientific interest, and which have added materially to the treasures of the Department. Dr. Lumholtz’s expedition, before mentioned, has yielded a large amount of archeological material also from the northwest- ern parts of Mexico, so that now the Mexican archeological col- lections of the Department occupy a prominent place among the museums of our time. In 1891 Mr. Henry Villard sent Dr. Adolph Bandelier to South America to make collections and investigations for the American Museum. This work was continued until 1894 at the expense of Mr. Villard, and after that time at the expense of the Museum. The investigations were completed in 1900. These researches of Dr. Bandelier have brought to the Museum a vast amount of valuable material, accompanied by accurate notes made by the collector, whose great knowledge of the early his- tory of America makes him particularly competent to deal with these subjects. At the time when Professor Putnam was appointed Curator, the ethnological collections of the Department, and those relat- ing to physical anthropology, were very unevenly developed. While some regions were very well represented, collections from others were very deficient. In 1895 Dr. Franz Boas was ap- pointed Assistant Curator in the Department, to take charge of these collections. A number of expeditions which had been or- ganized previously brought in a considerable amount of ethno- logical material. Dr. Lumholtz sent from northwestern Mexico material of very great value. The culture of the people whom he investigated showed certain resemblances to the ancient culture 51 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL of Mexico, as well as to that of the Pueblos. On a renewed expedition in 1898 he added considerably to the material pre- viously accumulated. On this expedition he was accompanied by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, who devoted his energies to a study of the _ physical types of the Indians of northern Mexico, and who, during this and subsequent years, has contributed very largely to the growth of the collections relating to physical anthro- pology. His investigations were carried out first in connection with Dr. Lumholtz’s work in Mexico, and later in connection with the Hyde Southwestern expedition. In 1895 Lieut. R. E. Peary returned from one of his ex- peditions to North Greenland. Since on this expedition he was materially assisted by President Morris K. Jesup, the ethno- logical material collected from the Eskimo of Smith Sound by him became the property of the Museum. In 1897 President Morris K. Jesup provided the means for a thorough investigation of the tribes of the North Pacific coasts of America and Asia. This undertaking, which was organized under the name of ‘The Jesup North Pacific Expedition,” has continued for six years, from 1897 to1g02. During this period a considerable number of expeditions have been sent into the field; and the tribes of the North Pacific coast, beginning in the west with the Amur river, in Siberia, including the various native tribes between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Arctic sea, and the peoples of Alaska, British Columbia and Washington, were in- vestigated. The collections brought home by the investigators, eleven in number, make up a very considerable portion of the ethnological collections of the Department. The scientific results obtained by the expedition are extensive, and important contri- butions to our knowledge of the tribes of this area have been made by the various sections of the expedition. Very little work had been done by the Museum on the Indian tribes of the Plains and of California. Investigation in these regions was provided for in 1899 by the liberality of Mrs. Morris K. Jesup, Mr. Henry Villard and Mr. C. P. Huntington. This work has been continued from year to year, partly through the support of the patrons of science named, partly by the Trustees 52 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL and partly by Mr. Archer M. Huntington and Mrs. C. P. Hunt- ington. Attention has been paid particularly to securing infor- mation regarding the rapidly vanishing tribes, and to securing for the Museum specimens illustrating their culture. This work is still in progress, and needs vigorous prosecution. The princi- pal collections obtained through these researches are from the Eskimo of Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay, from various tribes of the Plains, and from California and Oregon. The political events of the last few years seemed to make it desirable that the Museum should expand its activity beyond the limits of our continent. It seemed one of the necessary edu- cational functions of the Museum to show to the public the forms of culture developed in foreign continents. This led to the estab- lishment of a Chinese section, the means for which were given by an anonymous donor. The work of making these collections has been intrusted to Dr. Berthold Laufer, who is spending a number of years in China, collecting for the Museum. The Department is carrying on its work in many directions. It is constantly adding to its collections, and is contributing to the advancement of science by numerous publications based on its expeditions. The work that the Department has to do is extensive and at the same time most urgent, because the native races and their remains are disappearing rapidly before the advance of our civilization. F. B. THE expeditions for fossil horses on the William C. Whitney fund, which were so successful last season, will be continued this year in eastern Colorado, following the unexplored portions of the Protohippus Beds in the hopes of securing a complete skeleton of this usually fragmentary animal. At the same time a vigorous search will be made in western Nebraska for the same fossil species of horse, in the locality where Professor Leidy first dis- covered this animal. An expedition for Cretaceous Dinosaurs will go to either Wyoming or Montana and the famous Bone Cabin Quarry in central Wyoming will be further explored for large Jurassic Dinosaurs. ao Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. BicKMORE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator Frank M. Cuapman, Associate Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREDERIC W. PuTNaAM, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology Marsuatcu H. Savitue, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Harvan I. Smiru, Assistant Curator of Archeology Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. Henry FAIRFIELD OsBorn, Curator W. D. Mattuew, Ph.D., Associate Curator. O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator. Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. HErmMon C. Bumpus, Curator GrorcE H. SHERWoopD, A.M., Assistant Curator Library A. Woopwarbp, Ph.D.. Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 2s plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except July to September. The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor FRANK M. CHAPMAN, ] Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board WILLIAM K. GREGORY, \ ee Subscription, One Dollar per year A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes of © Members of the Museum For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Muscum Journal, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue, ‘ New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 6 Zi PAGE NEW ETHNIC GROUPS. .-"s 2 «5, -o, gan THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL © HISTORY (ContTiInvep). DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ay. z By Franz Boas - : F t : : ; : | - ‘ ; re DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. SUMMER PLANS 53 | Volume II, Number 7 OCTOBER, 1902 HE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Published monthly, except July to September, by THe AMERICAN MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY New York City Entered August 15, 1902, as second-class matter, Post Office at New York, N. Y. Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. Jesup First Vice-President Second Vice-President WILLIAM E. DopGE ; Treasurer Henry F. OsBorRN CHARLES LANIER Director Hermon C. Bumpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSBERE HH CHOALE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM :E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. O. HAVEMEYER ABRAM 5S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD ALBERT 8S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY R. PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN Tue AmericAN Museum or Natura History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial codperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues from the members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. The American Museum Journal Vot. II. OCTOBER, 1902 No. 7. f= HE sessions of the International Congress of Ameri- (“API canists are to be held in the halls of the Museum October 20 to 25, inclusive, and elaborate prepara- tions have been made to insure the complete suc- cess of the convention, especially since this will be the first time that the meetings of this association have been held in the United States. A brief history of the inception and growth of the Congress and an extended notice of the meetings to be held this month in the Museum were published in the JouRNAL for March last. The present number contains two articles which will be of especial interest to the members of the Congress and - to others interested in anthropology. These are the statements regarding the extensive ethnological work being carried on by the Museum, under the supervision of Professor Boas, and a summary account of the recent expedition by Dr. Hrdlicka, which lasted seven months and continued the field work of the investigations which he has been carrying on for several years among the Indian tribes of the Southwestern States and Mexico. Investigations of particular moment to the Americanists have been carried on in Mexico by Mr. M. H. Saville and will be made the subject of special communications to the Congress. A report of the proceedings of the Congress may be expected in the December number of the JOURNAL. The present issue of the JOURNAL is not accompanied by a supplement, but it contains more than double the usual number of pages and in addition to the anthropological articles just men- tioned is devoted to reports from some of the expeditions sent out by or under the auspices of the Museum during the past summer season. Other reports may be expected in future num- bers. 55 —— ss tst—“‘“‘ ;C R.;:;~;™”;C - ‘zobr ‘be Avy uaxer ‘Aaaoy *O “a Aq ydessojoyd wrory *LNAONIA “LS ‘AYSIYANOS V1 sce ar ESD, PAGE OE NREL T THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL A VISIT TO MARTINIQUE AND ST. VINCENT AFTER THE GREAT ERUPTIONS OF MAY AND JUNE, 1902. AJHEN, early in May, the news came that the sup- #1 ~posedly extinct volcanoes of Mt. Pelée, on the island of Martinique, and of La Soufriére, on the island of St. Vincent, had suddenly burst into vio- lent eruption, destroying thousands of human lives and millions of dollars’ worth of property, Mr. Morris K. Jesup, President of the American Museum of Natural History, per- ceived the scientific value of the opportunity thus offered for the study of vulcanology, and it was decided immediately to send the writer to the islands as the representative of the Mu- seum to investigate the phenomena of the eruptions. I left New York on the United States cruiser Dixie May 14, and arrived in Martinique May 21. At this time two days were devoted to the study of St. Pierre and its desolation, and then I went on with the Dixie to St. Vincent. A man-of-war is a ° part of the country to which she belongs, so that I felt as if my home-land were going away from me, when the Dzxie sailed from Kingstown May 29, leaving me to continue my investi- gations there before returning to Martinique. I wish here to express my appreciation of the hospitality of Captain R. M. Berry, U.S. N., and other officers of the cruiser. Nearly three weeks were devoted to the study of the Soufriére on St. Vincent, excursions and investigations being made from both sides of the island, and my work was greatly facilitated by Mr. F. W. Griffith, government clerk, acting under general instructions from Sir Robert Llewellyn, C. M. G., Governor of the colony, and by T. M. MacDonald, Esq., of Wallilabou, and James E. Richards, Esq., of Kingstown. My colleagues, Dr. T. A. Jaggar, Jr., and Mr. George Carroll Curtis, and I, accompanied by Mr. MacDonald, were the first persons to attempt the ascent of the Soufriére after the great eruptions. We accomplished our task on a perfect day, May 31, and were well rewarded for our effort and risk. We found the crater to be a vast pit about nine- tenths of a mile wide and 2400 feet deep below the highest point ou! UINS OF ST. PIERRE, MARTINIQUE. PLACE BERTIN IN THE FOREGROUND. From photograph by E. O. Hovey, taken June x4, 1902. MT. PELEE AND THE R _— THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL of the rim. The old crater lake, for which the volcano had been famous before the eruption, had disappeared, of course, but a small boiling lake had formed in the bottom of the great cauld- ron, since the last outburst. Ever since the great eruption of 1812, La Soufriére had had two craters in its top, a small one having been formed at that time just outside the large old pit on its northeast side. Did this, so-called, ‘‘ New”’ crater partici- pate in the May eruptions? This important question was de- cided June 9 when I stood upon its edge in company with Mr. Curtis and a negro guide. The condition of the interior, of the saddle between it and the large crater and of the rim itself showed that the small, or 1812, crater had felt no sympathy with the large crater in the eruption of May of the present year. This eruption had returned to the outlet made use of in the eruptions of 1718 and before. After an all too short stay upon St. Vincent, Mr. Curtis and I left on June 10 for Martinique. On our way north we chartered in St. Lucia a sloop of eleven tons register, which we kept with us during our stay near the scene of action of Mt. Pelée. We passed through St. Pierre several times and traversed the ad- joining hills, or ‘‘mornes,”’ and the slopes of the volcano in sev- eral directions. Four times (June 18, 20, 24 and 26) we stood upon the rim of the great active crater and looked upon a scene of wild and terrifying grandeur within and without the throat and gorge from which had issued the steam, gases, dust and stones that carried death and destruction to the beautiful city of St. Pierre and its inhabitants, lying in a cul-de-sac in the path of the volcanic tornado-blast, as helpless as an animal in a trap. We were the first to ascend the mountain from the west since the eruptions began on May 8, and we followed the plateau and ridge between the Séche and Blanche rivers on June 24 and 26. Our days were not devoid of exciting and even dangerous experiences, but discussion of such features must be left to another time. The devastation wrought by the eruption cannot be appre- ciated from a verbal description, and even photographs do not convey an adequate idea of what has happened, unless one is 59 “ BREAD-CRUST ? VOLCANIC BOMB FROM MT. PELEE The specimen is 2 feet 2 inches in height THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL familiar with the rank vegetation which clothed the slopes of these mountains with tropical verdure before the eruptions took place. Ejectain the shape of dust and lapilli (= volcanic sand and gravel) were scattered all over the islands and distributed over a very wide area beyond, but the “area of devastation”’ may be considered to be confined to the limits within which buildings were destroyed and crops ruined for the time being. Plotting these areas on the British Admiralty charts as well as possible without actual surveys and then measuring the areas with a planimeter, | find that about 46 square miles, practically one- third, of the island of St. Vincent, and about 32 square miles, one-twelfth, of the island of Martinique were laid waste by the material thrown out by the volcanoes between May 5 and July «6. Within a few months the tropical rains will have washed the eoating of ashes from a large portion of these areas and vege- tation will hide the ruin wrought by the eruptions; while, unless the activity continues severe, a very few years will suffice to restore the islands to their former verdure. Over much of the devastated district on each island the roots of the grass and other vegetation were not killed and even before my departure from Martinique, July 6, the hillsides overlooking St. Pierre were becoming green and the grass was asserting itself much nearer to the centre of destruction. I found uninjured grass roots within ten feet of the very rim of the crater. But nothing can restore life to the 30,000 human beings swept out of existence on Martinique and to the 1350 persons destroyed on St. Vincent. The sugar factories will be long in rebuilding, especially upon St. Vincent, whence prosperity departed years ago and where the people have been impoverished by a series of hurricanes and by the decline in the price of sugar. The material thrown out by both volcanoes contains fragments of the old surface rocks of the islands as well as fresh lava brought up from the earth’s interior by the present activity. The propor- tion of old lavas in the ejecta of La Soufriére seems to be greater than it is in the ejecta of Mt. Pelée, though the largest blocks have been thrown out by the latter. A monster of this kind lies upon the plateau between the Séche and Blanche rivers not 61 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL more than 200 yards from the site of Guérin sugar works—the first notable victim of the fury of Pelée. This block is about 22 feet high, 30 feet long and 24 feet broad, and the day I photo- graphed it (June 25) it was still very hot. It may have been thrown out during the great eruption of June 6. More interesting, however, than the “ ejected blocks”’ are the “‘ bread-crust bombs.”’ The former were cast out of the crater in a heated, but not molten condition, while the latter are masses of lava which were thrown out of the volcanoes in a melted or partly solidified condition. The bombs are glassy in structure but contain porphyritic crystals, the interior being porous in tex- ture, while the exterior is solid. The solid exterior in cooling contracted and formed gaping cracks in every direction, the re- sult giving an appearance like the crust on a loaf of bread, hence the name. I brought several of these bread-crust bombs to the Museum from each volcano, and a choice specimen 26 inches across, from Mt. Pelée is now on exhibition. The bombs thrown out by Pelée were of all sizes, from those weighing a few ounces up to one about 15 feet long which we found on the eastern rim of the crater. There had been no stream of lava yet from either volcano in this series of eruptions, up to the time of my leaving the islands. The activity of La Soufriére seems to have been concen- trated in two violent efforts resulting in the eruptions of May 7 and 18, when more material was thrown out than had been ejected from Mt. Pelée up to the time of my departure. After May 18 La Soufriére became less and less active (though a severe earthquake was reported from Kingstown, St. Vincent, July 17), until late in August, when activity increased and there were terrible eruptions August 30 and September 3. Mt. Pelée, however, has had many severe outbursts since the memorable 8th of May, and even as I pen these words cable dispatches re- late some of the particulars of great eruptions which took place in the last days of August and early in September. These out- bursts are reported to have been greater than any of their pre- decessors, and Morne Rouge is said to have been destroyed August 30. I spent four nights at this beautiful village in June 62 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL and could see no reason then for its escape from destruction by the eruptions. It seems as if Pelée were following the history of the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which began vigorously in May and cul- minated in a grand explosion in the latter part of August which partly destroyed its island. Mt. Pelée’s great outbursts this year have been on an ascending scale of magnitude, though de- creasing in frequency, but it is not wise to attempt to predict what will happen before the volcano becomes quiet again. A preliminary report upon the writer’s observations during his stay upon the islands is in press and will be issued soon as a part of the Museum Bulletin. This report will be illustrated with maps of both islands and many photographs, most of which are from negatives taken by the writer. The recent great out- bursts, however, have made further important changes on the islands, necessitating additional studies before a final report can be prepared. EpmuNpD Otis Hovey. RECENT ETHNOLOGICAL WORK OF THE MUSEUM. Museum have been housed temporarily in various halls. The completion of the southwest corner of the building has made it possible to advance the permanent installation materially. For a number of years the collections from the North Pacific coast of America have been on exhibition on the ground floor of the north wing. When the west wing and the southwest corner building were erected, the ground floor of each was allotted to ethnological collections. Two points of view seemed most important in planning for “ the development of these collections. On the one hand, the principal aim of an ethnological exhibit had to be borne in mind. This is to illustrate the various forms of human culture, bringing home the fundamental unity of the human mind, and showing how its achievements depend upon history and environment. 63 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL To accomplish this, representative collections from all the races of man are required. On the other hand, in an American mu- seum, the achievements and the history of the American race are naturally of prime interest, so that it has seemed desirable to treat problems relating to America, and particularly North America, with special care. The efforts of the Museum have been in these two directions, and have been carried forward since 1895 under the supervision of Prof. Franz Boas. On account of the rapid disappearance of ancient customs among the North American Indians, and the importance of pre- serving all we can of what pertains to the natives of our own country, work on this continent was taken up first. The field is so vast, however, that concentration on certain lines seemed necessary. One of the least explored fields in American eth- nology is found in California and Oregon. Through the liberality of the late C. P. Huntington and of the late Henry Villard, the Museum was enabled to start this work, which was intrusted to Professor Livingston Farrand and Dr. Roland B. Dixon. Later, the funds for continuing the work in this region were provided by Mr. Archer M. Huntington and by Mrs. Arabella Huntington. This work is still in progress. The efforts of the American Museum in behalf of Californian ethnology have had the effect of stimulating the University of California to like endeavor. Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst has provided funds for ethnological work, which has been placed in charge of Dr. A. L. Kroeber, who was a valued collaborator of the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. Through the co-operation of Messrs. Dixon and Kroeber, and co-ordination of their work our knowledge of the tribes of California has been much advanced, and the Museum is now in possession of considerable collections from the northern part of that State. The work in Oregon also is still in progress. Professor Farrand, during the first year of his field work, devoted himself to the study of the coast tribes, while at present he is investigating the Sahaptin. Another task which has seemed of great importance is the investigation of the decorative art of the North American Indian. This work has been carried on particularly by Dr. Kroeber and 64 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Dr. Clark Wissler. Dr. Kroeber made this the most important part of an investigation of the Arapaho, the funds for which were provided through the liberality of Mrs. Morris K. Jesup. During the present year, the inquiry is being continued by Dr. Wissler, among the Dakota. Through the work of these collect- ors and the special attention paid by other investigators to the same problem, the Museum possesses an unrivalled collection, il- lustrating diverse forms of primitive art. Besides the collections from the Arapaho and the Dakota, such collections from Mexico, California, the North Pacific coast, the interior of British Colum- bia, and from the Amur River are on exhibition. Two other important investigations have been taken up by the Museum—one, a study of the Shoshone tribes, which has been intrusted to Mr. H. St. Clair, 2nd; and the other, the study of the Algonquin tribes, which is in the hands of Mr. William Jones. These two investigations are being carried on jointly by the}Museum and the Bureau of American Ethnology. The stu- dent who tries to understand the customs of a people must study their language, if his work is to be thorough. It is therefore of great advantage when linguistic and ethnological work can be done together. The Bureau of Ethnology is making linguistic researches, and therefore co-operation between the Bureau and the Museum is highly advantageous to science. The ethno- logical work of Messrs. Jones and St. Clair is done for the Mu- seum, while their linguistic researches, largely based on records of tribal traditions, belong to the Bureau of Ethnology. During the present year, Mr. Jones is continuing his studies of the Sauk and Fox, while Mr. St. Clair is spending the greater part of the summer among the Comanche. He 1s also going to make a brief tour of all the Shoshonian tribes with a view of laying out the work for the coming years. Mr. Jones’s work is intended to cover, in course of time, other Algonquin tribes. Investigations are being carried on also among the Salish tribes of Washington and British Columbia. Some of these tribes had been studied before, in connection with the work of the Jesup North Pacific expedition, because knowledge of their cul- ture is required for a clear understanding of the culture of the 65 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL North Pacific coast. Other tribes of this stock live far to the east and south, and their culture is more closely related to that of the tribes east of the Rocky Mountains. Researches among them are being carried on by Mr. James Teit, who already has done much excellent work for the Museum. During the present year, work has also been taken up among the northern Athabascans, who up to the present time have been practically unknown. Collections and inquiries among the east- ern Eskimo, in Hudson Bay and Baffin Land, which were begun several years ago, are still in progress. Much work has been done toward the formation of an ex- hibit of the types of man found in aboriginal America. The collections that have been made consist of skulls, skeletons, photographs and plaster casts. Great weight has been laid par- ticularly on the last feature, because this seems the only feasible method of permanently preserving the vanishing type of the American natives. Collections of types from the North Pacific coast, California, Dakota, Smith Sound, New York, Mexico, the Southwest, Siberia and Japan are in the Museum. A special report of work in this line, done by Dr. Hrdlicka, will be found on another page of this number of the JOURNAL. The field work of the Jesup North Pacific expedition, which has occupied a large share of the attention of the Department for several years, will be finished during the present summer. The object of the expedition was a thorough exploration of the tribes of the North Pacific coast, both in Asia and America, with a view of determining the complex history of this area and the early relations between the tribes of Asia and America. The collections of this expedition, in which twelve scientists have taken part, are very exhaustive, and cover the whole area from the Columbia river in America to the Amur river in Asia. In- April last Mr.Waldemar Jochelson completed his difficult journey from Gishiga, on the Sea of Okhotsk, to Yakutsk. His reports were received in August. He writes ‘Our journey from Gishiga to Verchne-Kolymsk, occupied 56 days. We left Gishiga Aug. — 15 and reached Verchne-Kolymsk Oct. 9, 1901. This was the most difficult journey I have ever undertaken. The trail as far 66 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL as the Stanovoy Mountains, was tolerable, but further west, swamps, rivers, mountain-passes, and almost impassable thick- ets made progress very difficult. Onthe upper course of the Kor- kodon we had to rest our horses. The cold became more intense day by day. In order to reach Verchne-Kolymsk before the closing of the rivers, I left my Yakut guides to follow with the pack train and started on a raft down the Korkodon, to reach the uppermost village of the Yukagheer. There I hoped to meet boats that I had previously ordered. This journey by raft oc- cupied nine days. The river is very rapid, full of driftwood, and the descent was full of dangers. I stayed among the Yu- kagheer of the Korkodon for four days, in order to collect spect- mens and information. Then we continued our hurried journey by boat. On Oct. 7, when we were still 45 versts away from Verchne-Kolymsk, the river froze up, and we had to continue our journey on foot. On Oct. 21, when the weather had be- come somewhat settled, we visited the winter quarters of the natives, who live about 70 versts from Verchne-Kolymsk, and staid with them until Nov. 17. During this time I made a col- lection of ethnological specimens, photographs, masks in plaster of Paris and anthropometric measurements, and added to the information collected on my first expedition. I proceeded next to Nishne-Kolymsk where I studied the Yukagheer of that dis- trict. This work occupied the time until Feb. 15, 1902.’”’ After his return from this district, Mr. Jochelson turned his attention to the study of the Yakut, among which tribe he made a con- siderable collection. The work of the Jesup expedition has contributed much to the Asiatic collections of the Museum, which have been made largely with respect to their bearing upon problems of American ethnology. In adding to the general collections of the Depart- ment, the same point of view has been adhered to through- out. It has seemed best to develop first those collections which have an immediate practical and scientific interest for America, while scientific considerations have led us to develop the Siberian collection. The culture of Siberia has been much influenced by China, which is occupying a more and more important place in 67 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL the affairs of the world. For this reason a start has been made with the establishment of a Chinese department. The funds for this important enterprise were given by a friend of the Museum and the work has been placed in charge of Dr. Berthold Laufer, who had previously done work on the Amur river for the Jesup expedi- tion. The object of his work is to makea collection illustrat- ing the popular forms of the industrial, social and religious life of the Chinese, and to elucidate by a few selected collections the his- torical development and far-reaching influence of Chinese culture. © The comprehensive plan that has been pursued in the de- velopment of the Department has made it necessary for a num- ber of years to elapse before a somewhat systematic exhibit could be made and for wide gaps to exist in many directions. At the same time, however, the method pursued has made it possible to make each exhibit a unit which has a definite scientific and educational significance. The scientific publications of the De- partment have kept pace with the building up of the colle ctions and publications and collections illustrate each other. The general location of these ethnological collections in the Museum is as follows: The ground floor in the north wing con- tains material from the North Pacific coast; the west wing, col- lections from the Arctic coast of America and from the Plains; the southwest corner, those from Siberia. On the second floor of the west wing are the ethnological collections from the Southwest and from Mexico. In the gallery of the southwest corner, those from China, Japan, Polynesia and Africa. ETHNOLOGICAL WORK IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. ==—)R. A. HRDLICKA recently returned, after a little Ml more than seven months’ absence, from a success- ful trip to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. This expedition, the fourth of the series devoted to the physical anthropology of the regions mentioned, has been referred to in Vol. II, No. 1, of the JOURNAL. 68 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL MAP SHOWING THE ROUTES FOLLOWED BY DR. HRDLICKA IN HIS INVESTIGATIONS AMONG THE INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. All these expeditions, whose main object was the acquisition of a knowledge of the physical features of the present as well as of the ancient Indian populations over the territory covered before the advent of whites by the Cliff-Dwellers, Pueblos and branches of the Nahuas (among which are the Aztecs), were carried on by Dr. Hrdlitka, under the supervision of Prof. F. W. Putnam, for the American Museum, the means being very gener- ously furnished by Mr. Fred. E. Hyde, Jr. The territory covered by the investigations is the most ex- tensive ever covered in similar work by one observer. It extends 69 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL uninterruptedly from southern Utah and Colorado in the United States to the State of Morelos in Mexico. The Indian tribes which to-day inhabit this region, and all of which, with the ex- ception of the Seris,t have been visited and examined on the four expeditions, are as follows: UNITED STATES: Sowldmenal WANs ooococac Pah- Utes. Southern Colorado....... i) Utes. | Jicarilla Apaches. [ Taos. San Juan, { Navahos: | Jemez. Rio Grande Pueblos San Felipe. Cia. Isleta. INiew, Mexicotr ss ao asinia - Laguna. Southwestern Pueblos 4 Acoma. Zuni. | Mescalero Apaches { Hopi Pueblos. White Mountain and San Carlos Apaches. Mohaves, eastern and western. Suppais. INTAZON Aes athe ee eee eae 1 Hualapais. Papagos. Pimas. Maricopas. ; | Yumas (mostly in California). MEXICO: [ Opatas. Yaquis. Sonora skis sss poh besos 4 Nabe L Seris. P inhialianyi se ate cctert teen Tarahumares. WGTANIO. Ste an «nie nat se Tepehuanes. MPSPiCw 5 fake cities ter enone Coras. Huichols. FAltseor.2. cpt feet Tepecanos. | Nahuas (Tuxpan). Jia bra Fail fe Xo yom aie aie erate ease: © Otomis. Mexico, stilts ot oat ore a: Mazahuas. Michoacatieese-vsceisin ee Tarascos. Morelosiicte: scene trot Aztecs. tA small, dangerous tribe living on Tiburon island in the Gulf of Cali- fornia, The data obtained on the Seris are restricted to measurements of one complete skeleton, two skulls and one living individual. 7° THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL The material obtained on the four expeditions comprises measurements of and observations on nearly 3000 individuals, over 1500 photographs, about 300 skulls and skeletons, 120 facial casts and about 3000 ethnological and archeological specimens. The skulls and skeletons gathered are mostly those of extinct tribes, and will furnish important measurements and observations for comparison with those of the present Indians of the region. Moreover, besides showing the racial characteristics, the bones are of value in showing the relative frequency of frac- tures and various pathological conditions,—matters which are of special interest to members of the medical profession. The spect- mens and casts will in time be placed on exhibition. The data obtained will be elaborated by Dr. Hrdlicka, and will appear in the publications of the Museum. A somewhat detailed report of the work will be read before the Congress of Ameri- canists, which will meet at the American Museum this month. The accumulated data should, especially in connection with similar and contemporaneous work done by Professor Starr in southern Mexico and under Professor Boas along the northwestern coast, add materially to our knowledge of the physical status of the American aborigines. Some of the specimens secured on this year’s expedition de- serve special mention. Among the skulls there are eleven of Otomis; an ancient, well-preserved male cranium from the ruins of Tula (the supposed Toltec capital); and twelve skulls of the Yaquis. Eleven of the last-named were obtained, with some ethnological specimens, from the recent Yaqui-Mexican battle- field in the Sierra of Mazatlan,in Sofiora, and one is that of an executed and then half-cremated Yaqui prisoner from the Yaqui river. Among the ethnological specimens there is a series of in- teresting objects from the sacred cave of the Huichol Indians (Jalisco), some exceptionally well woven Yaqui baskets, two fine examples of old Nahua beadwork, two rare Mayo blankets, a col- lection of the native food-stufis of the Hualapais, etc. Among the photographs the most prized are those of the Yaquis, with views of their country, including several picturesque Mexican fortified posts or barracks. 71 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL The success of the several expeditions of Dr. Hrdlicka is due in no small degree to the kind and efficient assistance he received from the authorities both of the United States and of Mexico, for which the Museum takes this occasion to express grate- ful acknowledgment. Through the courtesy of the authorities of the Mexican National Museum, Dr. Hrdlicka was enabled to examine the valuable craniological collection in that institu- tion. A word of grateful appreciation is due also to the officers of the railroads utilized, and particularly to those of the Santa Fé and the Mexican Central, for their aid to the expedition. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. AUTUMN COURSE OF LECTURES TO TEACHERS. By Proressor ALBERT S. BICKMORE. October 18 and 25.—The Swiss Alps. November 1 and 8.—The French Alps. November 15 and 22.—Historic Towns of Central France. November 29 and December 6.—Historic Towns of Southern France and the French Riviera. NEWS NOTES. NURING the past three months there have been | some notable additions to the gems and gem material comprised in the Morgan gift. The most striking of these are the large blocks of Amethyst crystals which were found in a recently discovered grotto in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These have been installed on the tops of the cases on the west side of the Gem room. One of the most precious single objects among the additions is a ceremonial axe-hammer of Agate which was once the property of Cardinal Borgia and which bears ancient inscrip- tions. The new series of Ceylon Sapphires is highly prized. It contains two blue and yellow stones weighing 21 carats each, 72 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL a yellow gem of 100 carats and a wonderful blue Star-Sapphire weighing 541 carats which for generations was an heirloom in the family of a Nabob of the island. _ Besides these there should be mentioned a Rubellite, or pink Tourmaline, of 40 carats, from Madagascar, a 57-carat yellowish-green Beryl from Ceylon and an Amethyst weighing 142 carats from the Ural Mountains. The last possesses the rather unusual property of scintillating in a strong light. THE mineral collection has been enriched by the acquisition of a specimen of Enargite—a compound of copper with sulphur and arsenic — which surpasses any specimen of the species here- tofore in the Museum. It was found in Montana. In August the Department of Conchology received a collec- tion of very handsome shells belonging to the group of Cypreas. The series was obtained by the late Mrs. Marie A. Witthaus, and represents the result of years of painstaking selection. It is remarkable for the perfection of the individual specimens. The collection has been presented to the Museum by Dr. R. A. Witthaus. A MAHOGANY log which has been completely honeycombed by the Teredo shell has been put on exhibition in the Shell hall. THE Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology has received several valuable specimens and casts during the past summer from foreign museums in exchange for American fossils. The British Museum has sent a finely preserved skeleton of a Plesi- osaur or “Great Sea-Lizard,’’ along with other specimens found at the rich fossil-quarry near Peterborough, England. The Plesiosaurs form a group of extinct marine reptiles, whose long neck and tail and short massive trunk with four flippers have suggested the rather apt comparison of the animal to “‘a snake threaded through the body of a turtle.” Representatives of the group are rare in our western fossil-fields, and this specimen is the first acquired by the American Museum. A skull of the Woolly Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorhinus) 73 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL and a cast of the skull of the Elasmothere (Klasmotherium stbtricum) another extinct Rhinoceros of gigantic size and peculiar aspect have been received from the University of Moscow; and the skull of a third large extinct Rhinoceros from Europe (Rhinoceros pachygnathus) has come from Munich University. The three specimens will add much to the value of our series of skulls of extinct Rhinoceroses, which already represents the majority of the species known, and is far more nearly complete than that of any other museum. A large series of casts of limbs and feet of Dinosaurs, or Giant Reptiles, from the Triassic formation of Germany, has been re- ceived from the University of Tttbingen. Dinosaurs from this very ancient formation are extremely rare in America; all of those in the Museum collections come from later formations. PROFESSOR BICKMORE, who has been spending the summer in England and on the Continent, has just returned to the Museum. He attended the meetings and took part in the con- ferences of the Nature Study convention in London, in July, where the Department of Public Instruction of this Museum made an exhibit of photographs and stereopticon slides illus- trating its methods of “visual instruction.” Dr. HrpiicKa has returned to the southwestern States and northern Mexico to make supplementary studies upon the Indian tribes of that region among whom he already has spent so much time. THe Linnean Society of New York will hold its regular meetings in the small lecture hall of the Museum on Tuesday evenings, October 14 and 28. The first evening will be devoted to reports from members regarding their summer work, while the second evening will be occupied by a talk by Frank M. Chapman on “ Bird Studies with a Camera in 1902,”’ illustrated by means of lantern slides. The public is cordially invited to attend these meetings. 74 Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction oe Ee ae ee Pe re eee Prof. ALBERT S. BrcKmMorE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator EpmuND O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator FrAaNK M. CuHapman, Associate Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. Henry FAIRFIELD OsBorNn, Curator W. D. MattHew, Ph.D., Associate Curator O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator Department of Entomology WiLiiam BEUTENMULLER, Curator Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. HERMON C. Bumpus, Curator GeEorGE H. SHERWOOD, A.M., Assistant Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREDERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology MarsHa_t H. Savitz, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Harvan I. Situ, Assistant Curator of Archeology Library A. Woopwarb, Ph.D.. Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 25 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except July to September. The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor. FranK M. CHAPMAN, ) Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board WitiiaMm K. Grecory, j Subscription, One Dollar per year , A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes | of Members of the Museum For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri i. can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue, New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 7 EDITORIAL ©... : ae A’ VISIT TO MARTINIQUE AND ‘ST. VINCENT AFTER THE GREAT y ERUPTIONS OF MAY AND JUNE, 10902. By E. O. Hovey 4 RECENT ETHNOLOGICAL WORK OF THE MUSEUM See ETHNOLOGICAL WORK IN THE. SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES r AND MEXICO Sab: : , Ce 68 AUTUMN COURSE OF LECTURES TO TEACHERS . NEWS NOTES . Volume II, Number 8 NOVEMBER, 1902 aia E AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Rae A yi ee = 13 a3} = y B a as i any a Wee Gite ANG os kL) Ce i) mais pave a te aS 5 BE q WITH SUPPLEMENT ON ideo OO EA Published monthly, except July to September, by THE AMERICAN MusEuM OF NATURAL HIsTORY New York City Entered August 15, 1902, as second-class matter, Post Office at New York, N. Y. Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. JEsupP First Vice-President Second Vice-President a WILLIAM E.. DODGE HENRY F. OsBorn Treasurer CHARLES LANIER Director Hermon C. BumMpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP ARCHIBALD ROGERS ADRIAN ISELIN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY J. PIERPONT MORGAN ELBRIDGE T. GERRY JOSEPH H. CHOATE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. 0. HAVEMEYER ABRAM S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD = ALBERT S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY R. PYNE D. WILLIS JAMES HENRY F. OSBORN Tue AMERICAN Museum oF Naturat History was established in 1869 to pro- — mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial codperation with all similar institutions throughout the — world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and — the dues from the members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. The American Museum Journal Vor ll. NOVEMBER, 1902 Non 8: #ITH this number of the JouRNAL there is issued a : Supplement entitled ‘‘The Sequoia: A Historical Review of Biological Science,’’ which relates to the history of the Big Tree section which is on exhibition in the southeast corner hall, just be- yond the Wood Hall, and cites the most striking events in the development of the natural sciences, almost all of which have come within the life-period of this tree. The noble specimen of Sequoia which forms the subject of this paper was presented to the Museum in 1893 by the late Collis P. Huntington, and the institution is indebted to Mrs. Collis P. Huntington for the funds needed for its preparation and installation. ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK IN THE BLACK MOUNTAINS . OF NORTH CAROLINA. sre) HE collections of the Entomological Department of | the Museum have been greatly enriched during the past season by about five weeks’ work in the Black Mountains of North Carolina which the writer was enabled to do through the generosity of the late Very Reverend Eugene A. Hoffman. One object of the expe- dition, which was in the field from June g to July 15, was to explore the region of the main chain situated north of Mount Mitchell, and including the following peaks: Black Brothers, Balsam Cone, Cat-tail Peak, Hairy Bear, Deer Mountain, Long Ridge, Middle Point and Bowlen’s Pyramid. The prevailing heavy fogs, rain and hail storms, however, rendered it impossible to penetrate these wild regions any farther than to the other side of the summit of the Black Brothers, shown.on the accom- panying plate. Another object of the trip was the obtaining of 75 "VNITIOUYVO HLYON ‘SYSHLOYUG HOVIE SHL ‘ro][Nuuaneg “A, Aq Yydersojoyd THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL species to be found only in June, and the results in this respect have been very satisfactory, since all the species found are dif- ferent from the ones collected heretofore, and at least four thou- sand specimens were obtained. In the course of this and the preceding three trips the follow- ing peaks have been explored by me in quest of beetles: Mt. Greybeard, Rocky Knob and Toe River Gap, in the Blue Ridge, which form the connecting link between the Blue Ridge and the Black Mountains; Potato Knob, Clingman’s Peak, Black, Gibbs, Hallback (or Sugar-loaf), Stepp’s Gap, Mitchell and Black Brothers, in the Black Mountains, and Bull Head and Craggy Dome in the Craggy Range. The valleys as far as Balsam Gap and Asheville, as well as other hollows and ravines, have been explored for their beetles. The forests of the Black Mountains are characterized by a dense growth of Carolina balsam (Abies frazert) and black spruce (Picea mariana). In certain places they contain also mountain ash (Pyrus americana), wild red'cherry (Prunus penn- sylvanica), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), and Rhododendron catawbiense. The slopes of the mountain are coated with a deep layer of damp moss, and the ground is strewn with fallen timber in various stages of decay. The Black Mountains derive their name from the dark foliage of the evergreens. The Blue Ridge, Craggy Range, and lowlands are covered principally with red oak, white oak, chestnut, sweet birch, locust, walnut, buckeye, tulip tree, hickory, laurel and rho- dodendron (KR. maximum). In the valleys are found also large stretches of chinquapin chestnut. The beautiful fiery azalea is also found on the mountain-sides, and when in bloom, together with the purple rhododendron (R. catawbtense), yields an abun- dance of rare beetles, principally Cerambycide, Curculionidae, Chrysomelide, Elateride, Cistelide, Lampyride, and Mordellide. The chinquapin blossoms also yield a harvest of rare species. The white rhododendron (R. maximum), which blossoms later than the mountain species, yields very little or nothing in the line of beetles. 77 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL The species found in the valleys and on the Blue Ridge are somewhat different from those to be found on the Black Moun- tains, owing to the differences in flora and temperature, which have the effect of limiting the distribution of certain species. On the ridge leading from Mt. Mitchell to Black Brothers, and on Mt. Gibbs, the very rare beetle, Cychrus guyotit, was taken, as well as Cychrus canadensis and Cychrus andrewsit. The first two occur only on the high elevations, while the last is also found on the slopes and in the valleys together with Cychrus bicarinatus. Nomaretus debilis, N. hubbardi, N. imperfectus and Pterostichus blanchardt also have been taken. The writer has made three trips to the same general region in the interest of the Museum in previous years, the first being a vacation trip to the Cowee Mountains, south of Asheville, N. C., in 1895, and the second and third being Museum expeditions to the Black Mountains, the Big Craggy and the Blue Ridge in the summers of tg00 and rgor1. Notices of these expeditions have been given in the JourNAL, Vol. I, p. 44, and Vol. II, p. 4. On the four trips nearly one thousand species have been collected, and the material now on hand, together with lists of the species taken by other collectors in the Cumberland Gap, Va., Round Knob, N. C., Retreat, N. C., Highlands, N. C., and Roan Moun- tains, 1s enough to form the basis for an extended monograph on the insect fauna of the region. Additional material, however, is needed, especially from the northwest chain of the Black Mountains, and information con- cerning the species to be found in May and early June is required to complete the work. Wn. BEUTENMULLER. COLLECTING FLAMINGOES AND THEIR NESTS IN THE BAHAMA ISLANDS. In preparing groups of birds and mammals for exhibition the Museum aims to secure material which will be not only attractive and scientifically valuable,but also and more especially that which will represent those animals and phases of animal life which 78 oe * Photograph by F. M. Chapman. a FLAMINGO NESTS: PART OF A COLONY OCCUPIED IN 1900. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL are rapidly disappearing. The Bird Rock group, for example, is not only beautiful in itself and it not alone illustrates the breeding habits of seven species of sea-birds, but, as a whole, it shows a characteristic phase of coast bird-life which in nature can now be found only in the most isolated or inaccessible localities. Acting, therefore, on this principle the writer has made two jour- neys during the past season, one to the Bahama Islands and one to the coast of Virginia, to secure materia! for bird groups, funds for which have been presented to the Museum by John L. Cadwalader, Esq. The object of the first trip was to find and collect nests and specimens of the Flamingo. This beautiful bird is yearly be- coming rarer, and still little is known of its breeding habits, while, so far as the writer is aware, at the time this expedition was planned, no example of the singular nest built by the Fla- mingo existed in this country, those exhibited in Pittsburg and at Washington being made of papier maché. Since the single flock of Flamingoes which frequents the vicinity of Cape Sable, Florida, is the only one known to inhabit the United States, and because its nesting grounds have not yet been discovered, it was decided to visit the Bahama Islands in search of the desired nests and specimens. In the latter part of April, therefore, the writer sailed for Nassau, where he joined J. Lewis Bonhote, Esq., of Cambridge, England. Mr. Bonhote was formerly Governor’s Secretary at Nassau and his experience among the islands was of the utmost assistance in the furtherance of our plans. We chartered a small schooner and set sail for Andros, the largest of the Bahama Islands and well known to naturalists as a resort of Flamingoes. During the winter these birds live chiefly on the west coast of the island, where the shallow water and soft marl bottom afford them an abundance of food and prevent pursuit either by boat or on foot; but in May they gather in some before-frequented lagoon in the in- terior of the islands, far from the habitation of man, to rear their young. These breeding resorts are few in number and their whereabouts are comparatively unknown. Thanks, how- ever, to Mr. Bonhote, who had reconnoitred the ground, we 8c THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL succeeded in reaching a large Flamingo rookery well in the heart of Andros without undue difficulty. Our schooner was left at anchor behind the shelter of some outlying reefs and the final part of the voyage was made in small boats. The locality is only a few inches above sea level and is charac- terized by wide stretches of shallow lagoons bordered by red mangrove trees with occasional bare bars of gray marl, and by outcrops of coralline rock so eroded and water-worn into blade- like edges and sharp, jagged pinnacles that walking is attended by much danger. Our tents were pitched on a sand-bar and preparations made to visit the Flamingo colonies known to exist in the vicinity. Subsequent research showed that the locality was regularly frequented by these birds as a breeding resort, but that appar- ently a different spot was chosen each year. Eight groups or villages of nests were found within a radius of a mile, each evi- dently having been occupied but one year. The largest of these,. placed on a mud-bar only an inch or two above the level of the surrounding water, was 100 yards in length and averaged about 30 yards in width. An estimate, based on an actual count of a portion of this colony, gave a total of 2000 nests for an area of, approximately, only 27,000 square feet. This colony we judged to have been occupied in 1900; while that of 1901 was found at a distance of a mile, the nests being scattered about in a dense growth of mangroves. MHere the birds were found at work upon their nests for the present year, Mr. Bonhote seeing a flock estimated to contain about 700 birds —a sight of surpassing beauty. Although no shot was fired and a retreat was promptly made, the birds were disturbed by this intrusion and either discontinued operations or removed to some other locality and eventually we were forced to leave without seeing fresh nests. Those in process of building, however, told somewhat of the manner of their construction. The nests of tgo1, built among the mangroves, were in an excellent state of preservation (some even containing eggs) and being partly sun- baked could be transported more readily than new nests. Indeed it is doubtful if the latter could be removed. &1 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Under the best circumstances, the task of getting these nests whole to our schooner, not to mention the Museum, was one of unusual difficulty. The largest I attempted to take measured 18 inches in diameter at the bottom, 13 at the top, g inches in height and weighed upward of one hundred pounds. One solid mass of mud and dried only externally, it needed but a slight jar to break the strongest of these nests into fragments, so that there seemed but slight prospect of any specimens reaching New York in safety. Our negro boatmen were not accustomed to work of this character and it required special inducements to tempt them to wade barefooted the coral-beset lagoons or to traverse the keen- edged rocks with burdens of from fifty to a hundred pounds on their heads. At last our selected examples were placed in a canoe and started on their voyage to the schooner, which they reached with the breakage of three out of nine specimens. The subse- quent necessity of beaching the schooner to repair a leak and a rough night during the return passage to Nassau further endan- gered them, but after several minor mishaps they accomplished in safety the first part of their voyage to the Museum. In Nassau they were treated with a solution of gum arabic, which hardened them superficially and, after being wrapped in plaster of Paris bandages, they were packed separately in large boxes with sponge clippings and thus reached New York in an undamaged con- dition. Specimens of Flamingoes themselves were also secured to- gether with photographs of their rookeries. The four nests col- lected differ from the conventional idea of a Flamingo’s nest in being much lower and of greater diameter. They, however, fairly represent the prevailing types of nests examined. Doubt- less the height of the nest, like the height of the “chimneys” of fiddler crab burrows, is governed by the rise of the water. Built wholly of mud, which is scooped up from about the base of the nest by the bird, it is necessary that the site chosen shall be near enough to water to insure an abundant supply of suffi- ciently soft material. Such a site, however, brings the nest within reach of the tide or places it in a low situation which 82 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL may be subsequently flooded by heavy rains, and the birds must build their nests high enough to protect their contents from the water. The combination of these two conditions has resulted in the production of a mud cone which, in the colonies examined, was never more than twelve inches in height; but nests eighteen inches high have been reported. In the slightly hollowed top of this adobe dwelling a single white egg is laid. Of the period of incubation, condition of the young at birth, time it passes in the nest, manner of feeding, etc., practically nothing is known and the nesting habits of the species offer a fine field for study to any ornithologist who is desirous of filling one of the blank pages in the history of our birds. FRANK M. CHAPMAN. LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE remaining lectures of the current course of Professor Bickmore’s lectures to teachers are as follows (Saturday morn- ings at 10.30 o'clock): November 1 and 8.—*‘ The French Alps.”’ November 15 and 22.—*‘ Historic Towns of Central France.” November 29 and December 6.—* Historic Towns of Southern France and the French Riviera.”’ PROFESSOR BicKMORE’s lectures to members of the Museum and their friends will be given on Thursday evenings in November and December in accordance with the following programme: November 20.—‘‘ The Swiss Alps.”’ December 4.—*‘ The French Alps.” December 11.—“ Historic Towns of Central France.”’ December 18.—‘‘ Historic Towns of Southern France and the French Riviera.” THe Tuesday evening course in codperation with the De- partment of Education of the Borough of Manhattan, Dr. H. M. Leipziger, Supervisor of Lectures, was begun October 7 and will 83 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL continue until December 16. The whole series of eleven lectures, all of which are illustrated, is devoted to Asiatic geography. The list of lecturers and their subjects is as follows: October 7.—Dr. Joun C. Bowker, ‘“‘ New Zealand.”’ October 14.—Dr. Joun C. Bowker, “‘Contrasts.” A study of the customs of people in many lands, compared and contrasted by phrase and picture. October 21.—Dr. Wm. E. Grirris, “ Japan.” October 28.—Dr. KENNETH F. JuNor, “China.” November 4.—Mrs. HELEN M. Jackson, “‘ Manners and Cus- toms of Hindus.” Illustrated by costumes. November 11.—Cyrus C. Apams, ‘‘New Things We have Learned about Africa.” November 18.—A. C. Mactray, “‘ The Vale of Cashmere.” November 25.—JoEL WeErpA, “ Persia.”’ December 2.—Mrs. J. H. Haynes, ‘The Bedouins of the Euphrates.” December 9.—S. W. Naytor, ‘“‘ Jerusalem and Her Environs.”’ December 16.—G. C. Mars, “‘Cairo.”’ Four lectures by Dr. HENry E. CRAMPTON on “Some Inter- esting Aspects of Evolution”’: October 18.—‘‘ The Problem of Evolution.” October 25.—‘‘ Interesting Facts Showing Evolution.” November 1.—‘‘ Interesting Facts Showing the Method of Evolution.”’ November 8.—‘‘ Method”’; Conclusion and Summary. November 15.—Cyrus C. Apams, “ Earthquakes.”’ November 22.—Dr. E. O. Hovey, “ Volcanoes.”’ November 29.—GEORGE DoNALDsON, “‘ Martinique.” December 6.—W. T. Eusinec, “Ants and Bees.”’ December 13.—Wm. Harper Davis, “Snakes.” The lectures on November 15, 22 and 29 will be illustrated with stereopticon views. 84 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL NOTES. TuE International Congress of Americanists held its thirteenth convention from October 20 to 25 in the halls of the Museum, by invitation of Morris K. Jesup, Esq., President. The sessions were well attended by the anthropologists and others interested in the study of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Western Hemi- sphere, not only from this country but also from abroad. More than eighty papers were presented by members. After the ad- journment of the congress the foreign members participated in an excursion to Philadelphia, Washington, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Chicago to visit the scientific and educational institutions of those cities. A halt en route was made to visit the prehistoric earthworks in Ohio known as “ Fort Ancient.” THE meetings of the New York Academy of Sciences are held in the Assembly Hall of the Museum Monday evenings at 8.15 o'clock. During the current month the meetings will be held as follows: November 3.—Business meeting and Section of Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry. November ro.—Section of Biology. November 17.—Section of Geology and Mineralogy. November 24.—Section of Anthropology and Psychology. All persons interested in the subjects under discussion are cordially invited to attend the meetings. THE annual convention of the Audubon Society of the State of New York was held in the Museum on Thursday, October 16. Reports were presented by the officers, and illustrated addresses were delivered by William Dutcher and Frank M. Chapman. A LARGE group representing the Osprey, or Fish-Hawk (Pan- dion haliaétus carolinensis), was completed recently and has been placed on exhibition on the Gallery Floor near the elevator. The materials for this group were collected by Frank M. Chapman on Gardiner’s Island, L. I., June 3, 1901, and were prepared for ex- hibition by H. C. Denslow and E. W. Smith. 85 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL In the latter part of July Mr. Chapman made his second trip of the season for the purpose of getting material for the Cadwala- der bird groups. He visited Cobb’s Island on the coast of Vir- ginia, north of Cape Charles, which formerly was a famous place for beach-breeding sea-birds. The ravages of millinery collec- tors have completely exterminated some species and greatly re- duced the numbers of others, but the island still is frequented by great numbers of birds of species for which as yet Fashion has made no call. It is proposed to represent a beach scene | with its feathered inhabitants and thus preserve for all time an accurate, graphic record of conditions which even now are on the verge of extinction. This group will be a companion piece for that representing the sea-bird life of rocky coasts. Through information obtained by correspondence with the captain of the Life-Saving Station situated on Cobb’s Island the trip was timed so that the island was reached at exactly the right date to collect the material which shortly will be exhibited in the gallery of the Bird Hall. SomE of the material collected by Dr. E. O. Hovey on the expedition to Martinique and St. Vincent, noticed in the last number of the JOURNAL, has been placed on exhibition near the carriage entrance, together with a relief map of the island of Martinique and a series of transparencies illustrating some of the more striking features of the trip. 86 Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. BicKMoRE, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WuItTFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator FraANK M. CHapman, Associate Curator Department of Vertebrate Palzontology Prof. Henry FAIRFIELD OsBorn, Curator W. D. Matruew, Ph.D., Associate Curator O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. GratacaP, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. Hermon C. Bumpus, Curator GrorGcE H. SHERWOop, A.M., Assistant Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREDERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology Marsuatvt H. Savitie, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Haruan I. Smiru, Assistant Curator of Archeology Library A. Woopwarp, Ph.D.. Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 25 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except July to September The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Editor. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, : Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board. Witiiam K. GrReEcorRY, Subscription, One Dollar per year. A subscription to the JourNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes of Members of the Museum. For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy. Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue, New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. IJ, No. 8 EDITORIAL NOTE...) oc J aves ots, 7s ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK IN THE BLACK MOUNTAINS OF NORTH 4 CAROLINA. By Wn. BEUTENMULLER . : F : : : . se COLLECTING FLAMINGOES AND THEIR NESTS IN THE’ BAHAMA ISEANDS. By F..M. Chapman. . . |. 4 nn LECTURE ANNOUNCEMENTS 3 : : . -§3a NOTES” 6.) © 9.0.0 eo 6 So Se Volume II, Number 9 DECEMBER, 1902 pulls AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL et cee a EN errr reearar73 A 2 8 14 Wane web g tim mm BUD, golgmagagb Ole ee mil ge Wg? a on F ws Si LLG & y nen TEL E-PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC., TO VOLUME II: Published monthly, except July to September, by Tue AMERICAN MuseuM OF NATURAL HISTORY New York City Entered August 15, 1902, as second-class matter, Post Office at New York, N. Y. Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. American Museum of Natural History OFFICERS President Morris K. Jesup First Vice-President Second Vice-President WiLiiam E. DopGE Teeter Henry F. OsBorn CHARLES LANIER Director Hermon C. Bumpus Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Joun H. WINSER BOARD OF TRUSTEES MORRIS K. JESUP D. WILLIS JAMES ADRIAN ISELIN ARCHIBALD ROGERS J. PIERPONT MORGAN WILLIAM C. WHITNEY JOSEPH H. CHOATE GUSTAV E. KISSEL WILLIAM E. DODGE ANSON W. HARD J. HAMPDEN ROBB WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER CHARLES LANIER GEORGE G. HAVEN D. O. MILLS H. O. HAVEMEYER ABRAM S. HEWITT A. D. JUILLIARD ALBERT 8S. BICKMORE FREDERICK E. HYDE ANDREW H. GREEN PERCY 'R. P¥NES HENRY F. OSBORN Tue AMERICAN Museum or Naturat History was established in 1869 to pro- mote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial coéperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. Since the Museum authorities are dependent upon private subscriptions and the dues from the members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world, the attention of persons interested in such matters is called to the brief statement of deeds and needs ~ on the fourth page of the cover of the Supplement. The American Museum Journal Woy lt DECEMBER, 1902 No 9. pe HE Thirteenth International Congress of American- i ists was held in the halls of the Museum from October 20 to 25, in accordance with the invita- tion of President Morris K. Jesup. The officers of the Congress, who were elected at the first ses- sion, were as follows: THE BUREAU OF THE CONGRESS President, Morris K. JEsup, President American Museum of Natural History. Honorary President, THE DuKE or Lousat, Correspondent of the Institute of France (Academy of In- scriptions and Belles Lettres). Vice-Presidents : For the Argentine Republic, Juan B. AmMBroseEtTtT1, National Museum; for Mexico, ALFREDO CHAVERO; for France, LEON LEJEAL, College of France; for Germany, Karu VON DEN STEINEN, University of Berlin; for Sweden, HJALMAR STOLPE, Royal Ethnographical Museum; for the United States, F. W. Putnam, American Museum of Natural History. General Secretary, M. H. SaviLLeE, American Museum of Natural History. Treasurer, HARLAN I. SmitH, American Museum of Natural History. Council: LEoPoLDO BaTres, Mexican Government; FRANCISCO BELMAR, State of Oaxaca, Mexico; JOHN H. BILEs, Univer- sity of Glasgow, Scotland; ‘Wit.t1am P. Brake, Territory of Arizona; Franz Boas, Columbia University; E. G. BourngE, Yale University; CHARLES P. BowpitcH, American Anti- 87 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL quarian Society; Davip Boy Lr, Canadian Government; H. C. Bumpus, American Museum of Natural History; Syp- NEY H. Carney, Jr., New York Historical Society; A. F. CHAMBERLAIN, Clark University; ALonzo M. Criapo, Gov- ernment of Paraguay; STEWART CuULIN, University of Penn- sylvania, American Philosophical Society, Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia; GEorGE A. Dorsey, Field Columbian Museum; G. T. Emmons, U. 8. Navy; HENRI PITTIER DE FABREGA, Instituto Physico-Geografico of Costa Rica; LivINGsToN FarrANpD, New York Academy of Sciences; ALONZO FERNANDEZ, State of Mexico, Mexico; Juan F. Ferraz, Costa Rica; ALicE C. FLETCHER, Peabody Museum, Harvard University; D.C. Grtman, Johns Hopkins University and Carnegie Institution; STANSBURY HAGAR, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences; C. V. HARTMAN, Swedish Anthropological Society; Luts A. HERRERA, Govern- ment of Uruguay; F. W. HopcE, Smithsonian Institution; W. J. HOLLAND, Carnegie Museum; W.H.Ho.mes, U.S. National Museum; A. L. KRoEBER, University of California; NIcoLas LEon, Mexican Government; A. P. Maupsitay, Anthropo- logical Institute of Great Britain and Ireland; Mrs. Vir- cinta McCuurc, Colorado Cliff Dwellings Association; G. G. MacCurpy, Anthropological Society of Paris; W J McGee, National Geographic Society; J. D. McGuire, American Anthropological Association; Epwarp 8. Morsg, National Academy of Sciences; ZELIA NUTTALL, University of Cali- fornia; A. S. PackarpD, -Brown University; L. €. VAN PanuHuys, Netherlands Government; N. BoLEetT PERAZA, Government of Honduras; Mrs. C. E. Putnam, Davenport Academy of Science; EDUARD SELER, German Government; FREDERICK STARR, University of Chicago; J. J. STEVENSON, New York University; Max Uute, University of California; Jas. GRANT Witson, American Ethnological Society. The question of the early remains of man on this continent naturally received much attention at this Congress and papers on subjects pertaining thereto were read by several of the dele- 88 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL gates. In addition to the ancient human remains which have been found in California, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi and Ili- nois, discoveries have been made during the last fifteen years in a so-called interglacial gravel deposit along the Delaware River near Trenton, New Jersey, which have indicated a very high an- tiquity formanin America. Prof. F. W. Putnam laid before the Congress the results obtained by the careful and extensive inves- tigations of Ernst Volk in the Trenton gravel during the last ten years, illustrating his remarks with the articles obtained, which are now in the American Museum. ‘The most important discov- eries consist of the remains of several skeletons which were un- earthed in the summer of 1899. They lay beneath two feet of black clay and five feet of yellow and greenish-yellow sand, belonging to the glacial deposits, and containing all the indica- tions of glacial action. The black bed is considered to belong to the time during which the ice-front made its first retreat. The bed of sand shows thin, easily-recognized streaks which vary in color from white to greenish-yellow, clear yellow and dark yellow. Inasmuch as these bands nowhere show any succeeding disturb- ance, it follows without question that the skeleton reached the place in which it was discovered before the laying down of the sand bed. Furthermore, south of Trenton, there has been ex- humed from a sand bed a left human femur in the vicinity of which there was also discovered an elk bone and fragments of bones of the musk-ox. In addition to these there were found several pieces of stone which showed indubitable evidence of human workmanship, so that now it can no longer be doubted that the fact has been established that America was inhabited by men during Glacial time. How many thousand years ago this period may have been is a question which cannot yet be answered with certainty, but it may well have been between 10,000 and 20,000 years. In March of the present year there were discovered in the vicin- ity of Lansing, Kansas, a human skull and some other bones which lay from 19 to 20 feet below the surface of the ground and 69 feet from the mouth of the tunnel the digging of which led to their 89 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL discovery. The material of the bed in which the objects were found is loess. The question of the Lansing skull and its rela- tions was discussed in papers by Professors T. C. Chamberlin, W. H. Holmes and S. W. Williston and Drs. George A. Dorsey and Ales Hrdli¢ka. In type and measurements the skull has proved to be scarcely different from the average of those of the present American Indian. The locality where the find was made has been studied by several geologists, and Professor T. C. Cham- berlin states that in his opinion at least 8000 years must have elapsed since the deposition of the beds in which the skull was found. In reference to the similarity between the Lansing skull and the skulls of the present Indians, Professor Putnam remarked that 1t only served as a further argument for the high antiquity of the Indian race in America. Prof. Franz Boas has arrived at similar conclusions regarding the long human occupation of this continent on account of the great complexity of the American people in reference to their languages and characteristics. Professor Boas detailed to the members of the Congress the results which have been obtained for the Museum through the labors of the men engaged on the Jesup North Pacific expedition, information regarding which has been given at length in previous numbers of the JOURNAL. Several of the important papers submitted to the Congress pertained to the archeology of Mexico. Among these may be mentioned particularly those of Alfredo Chavero, Leopoldo Batres, Nicolas Léon, M. H. Saville, Edward H. Thompson and Mrs. Zelia Nuttall. M. H. Saville read a paper upon the new discoveries near Mitla, which he made in the course of investigations provided for through the liberality of the Duke of Loubat. Among other things Mr. Saville made clear that the temples at Mitla, like all other sacred buildings of ancient Mexico, have been erected upon terrace-like substructures which, however, here have been de- stroyed to a great extent by the action of wind and weather. He also made mention of a new cruciform subterranean chamber which he discovered under one of the largest temples in Mitla in go THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL a state of perfect preservation. This chamber has an extreme length of about 45 ft. and is the most important structure of its class thus far found in Mexico. Mr. Batres gave a description of the discoveries made in the year 1900 behind the cathedral in the City of Mexico while ex- cavations were in progress for the new drainage system of the city. The speaker stated that during these excavations more than 8000 different objects had been brought to light, among which were numerous idols, elaborately painted urns, stone knives and various votive offerings, and that the number of articles of jewelry made of gold, turquoise, jade, onyx and other valuable stones was very large. Many of the objects show in their work- manship a high degree of perfection. The scientific investigation of this material is sure to throw much new light upon the culture of the Aztecs. In this connection also the papers of Prof. Eduard Seler on the religious compositions and picture-writings of the ancient Mexicans were of great value. Mrs. Zelia Nuttall read a paper upon the self-inflicted tor- tures of the religious devotees of the ancient Mexicans in which she stated that on certain days the tongue, ears or other parts of the body of the devotee were pierced with pointed sticks or the sharp thorns of the agave. The blood flowing from the wound was caught in sacrificial vessels which were then placed at the feet of the representations of the gods. Edward Thompson displayed a complete series of reproduc- tions in color of the wall paintings which he had discovered on the peninsula of Yucatan in the temples of Chacmultun and gave a clear idea of the heretofore practically unknown color-materials of the Mayas. The conclusion to which Mr. Thompson has arrived is that these people used nothing but vegetable colors in the decoration of their walls, among which one can distinguish two shades of blue, two different greens, besides red, brownish- red, yellow, black and white. The colors were put on with an oily fat, and by means of a fine brush of hair, upon the cream- colored stucco which formed the surface of the walls. In their character the paintings remind one of the naive pictures with gt THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL which the monks of the middle ages in Europe decorated their manuscripts and church walls. Mr. Thompson also displayed to the Americanists by means of kinetoscopic pictures a Yucatan sun-dance, and at the same time gave phonographic records of the songs which were sung during each of the dances. A. P. Maudslay displayed forty magnificent enlargements of photographs of Maya ruins and sculptures and a copy of his monumental work upon these antiquities, a work which marks an epoch in the history of the investigation of the culture of these people. Miss Adela Breton exhibited her copies of the well-known mural paintings of Chichen Itza. The discoveries which have been made by the explorations of the Hyde Expedition under George H. Pepper of the Museum were detailed to the Congress in an important communication regarding the excavations made at Pueblo Bonito. Pueblo Bo- nito is, perhaps, the most important ruined city of New Mexico, and consists of an enormous building in the shape of a half- ellipse with a circumference of 1300 feet, and contains more than 640 rooms, in which between three and four thousand per- sons could find accommodation. Among the thousands of ob- jects which have been found there those are of especial interest which have been discovered in the so-called Kiwa, the sacred treasure-house of the different religious orders of the Pueblo. Among these are countless remarkable ceremonial staffs and sacred utensils, beautiful amulets and pendants from costly tur- quoise, and bituminous coal, and a few painted terra-cotta jars, which from their form seemed to be better adapted for drinking vessels than for the carrying out of religious ritual. The present-day Indians were discussed in various relations. Miss Alice Fletcher and Dr. George A. Dorsey read papers on the ritualistic ceremonies of the Pawnee, from which it appeared that the belief in the Great Spirit which is to be found in many Indian tribes (the Wakan-tanka of the Sioux, the Manitou of the Ojibwa) is more highly developed among the Pawnee perhaps than in any other Indian tribe in America. ‘Tarawah, the Great Spirit of the Pawnee, is not merely the master of life but also the g2 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL source of all things, the ruler of the stars and of the universe in general. During their religious ceremonies an especial place is kept for him in the tent beside the fire, which is too holy for any one to dare to step upon, but which one honors through gentle touching with the finger tips. It is entirely impossible to give in our contracted space an adequate idea of the full programme of the Americanists’ Con- eress, and the scientific discussions of the Indian picture-writing, migrations, languages, customs, traditions, musical and artistic - accomplishments etc. It may suffice to state that, in spite of the five days which the Congress lasted, only about two-thirds of the 105 papers which were presented could be read in full or even in abstract, the remainder being read only by title. On account of the multifarious duties of the Secretary of the Congress and the early date at which it was necessary to put the foregoing re- port into shape, it has been made up from newspaper accounts and other sources and does not lay claim to any degree of fulness. About 150 members were present at the various sessions of the Congress and the international character of the convention may be judged from the fact that delegates from twenty different nations were present. During the week following the sessions of the Congress the foreign members in attendance were the guests of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. on an excursion which included visits to Philadelphia, Washington, Pittsburg, “Fort Ancient”’ (in southern Ohio) and Chicago. Everywhere the Americanists were received with the greatest hospitality, and in Washington were given a reception by President Roosevelt. NEWS NOTES. sss) () 17 iti —— OUR expeditions were sent out by the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology during the summer season of 1902. The first went into the region north of Miles City, Montana, seeking for the re- mains of horned Dinosaurs, under the direction chiefly of Barnum Brown, associated with Prof. R.S. Lull of aS AAAARRAAIET THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Amherst College and Mr. Brooks, a recent graduate of Amherst. They were successful in discovering a skull which lacked the upper portions of the horns only, and which has an especially complete frill. Portions of the skeleton also of the same animal and of other horned Dinosaurs and the remains of a carnivorous Dinosaur of gigantic size were found; and just before the expedition closed three Crocodile skeletons and portions of the skeletons of several beaked Lizards (rhynchocephalians) were discovered. The second expedition in Montana, under the leadership of Dr. W. D. Matthew, was in quest of mammals, chiefly of the Mio- cene period. Two important discoveries were made. First, of the beds containing the remains of some of the smaller animals of the period when the Titanotheres flourished, especially small carnivores and rodents and some primitive species of Horse, among them \/esohippus westoni. The small fauna of the lower Oligocene had already been made known partly through the re- searches of Earl Douglas, but our collection greatly adds to his interesting results. The second discovery of this party consisted of the lower jaws and extensive portions of the limbs and skele- ton of a large Rhinoceros, probably belonging to the species FR. malacorhinus Cope, a long-limbed animal which has been known hitherto from its skull and a single foot bone only. We are now enabled to give almost the complete characters of this long- limbed and long-skulled type, which stands in marked contrast to the more abundant short-limbed and short-skulled Rhinoceros of the same period, named Teleoceras. The third expedition, under the leadership of Walter Granger associated with Peter Kaison, returned to the vicinity of the fa- mous Bone Cabin dinosaur quarry of central Wyoming for the fourth year of excavation. The early part of the season was de- voted to a new dinosaur quarry discovered by W. H. Reed, and systematically explored by the Museum for the first time in 1got. This quarry proved to be very rich, especially in remains of the giant herbivorous Dinosaur named Camarasaurus. After work was finished at this point, the Bone Cabin quarry was systematically 94 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL explored, and yielded a rich harvest of fifty-two boxes, mostly fine specimens, several of which are new to our collection. The search for fossil Horses was continued under the direction of J. W. Gidley, especially in the southern portion of South Dakota. The results were only fairly satisfactory, and the first six weeks of exploration in the Niobrara beds was disappointing. Just asthe work was drawing to a close, however, a brilliant dis- covery was made of the remains of a small herd of fossil three- toed horses belonging apparently to the genus Hipparton, and parts of numerous fore and hind limbs in a perfect state of preser- vation, and one skull and an associated skeleton so complete that it may be mounted were found. This discovery more than repaid the party for all the hard and disappointing work of the early part of the summer, and added another much desired stage to the collection presented to the Museum through the generosity of William C. Whitney, Esq. After months of most difficult and skilful work, chiefly under the direction of Adam Hermann, three specimens of rare interest have been made ready for exhibition. The first is the com- plete skeleton of a small new Dinosaur which is to be named “The Bird Catcher,’ owing to its apparent capacity for great speed and the long and slender, grasping structure of the hands. The second specimen is the great Fish Portheus molossus se- cured by Charles H. Sternberg in Kansas in 1900. This magnifi- cent specimen, sixteen feet in length, has been mounted on a large panel, and we may fairly claim that it 1s the most striking specimen of a fossil fish in any museum in the world. The miss- ing parts have been restored with the greatest care in light-colored plaster, so that there 1s no mistaking the restored for the original portions of the specimen. The third exhibit is the superb pair of tusks and skull of the great Elephas wunperator, secured from Texas last year. The tusks are thirteen feet, six inches in length, and twenty-two inches in circumference. The entire upper portion of the skull has been restored in white plaster. The specimen has been 95 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL mounted with a view to showing the actual height of the skull in an animal of corresponding size. The Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology has re- cently received a valuable collection of mammals from the vicin- ity of Repulse Bay, Arctic America, obtained for the Museum by Captain George Comer, consisting of a fine series of Barren Ground Caribou, Musk-Oxen, and of the smaller mammals of the region, including Wolverenes, Arctic Foxes, Weasels, Arctic Hares and - various species of Lemmings. This collecyon of mammals is of especial value to the Museum, being the first it has received from the main-land of Arctic America bordering Hudson Bay. Recent news from the Andrew J. Stone Expedition, now col- lecting in northern British Columbia, for the Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, indicates that the season’s work has been very successful, and that the amount of material will far exceed that obtained last year. Up to the middle of Septem- ber more than thirty large mammals had been collected, consist- ing of Bears, Foxes, Wolves, Mountain Sheep, Mountain Goats, Moose and Caribou, and about 800 small mammals. The expedi- tion will remain in the field till the end of November, and the collections will probably reach the Museum about the end of December. LECTURES. During December the following lectures will be given at the Museum: By Prof. A. S. Bickmore to the members of the Museum: December 4.—‘‘ The French Alps.”’ December 11.—‘‘ Historic Towns of Central France.”’ December 18.—‘‘ Historic Towns of Southern France and the French Riviera.” On Christmas Day at 3 p.m. Professor Bickmore will lecture to the general public on ‘“‘The French Alps.” No tickets are required for admission. 96 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Under the auspices of the Board of Education: Tuesday evenings at 8 o’clock, December 2.—Mrs. J. H. Haynes, “The Bedouins of the Euphrates.”’ December 9.—-S. W. Naytor, “Jerusalem and Her Environs.” December 16.—G. C. Mars, “‘Cairo.”’ Saturday evenings at 8 o’clock, December 6.—W. T. Eusine, “Ants and Bees.’’ December 13.—Wm. HARPER Davis, “Snakes.”’ No tickets of admission are required. MEETINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. The programme of the meetings of the New York Academy of Sciences for the month is as follows: December 1.—Business Meeting and Section of Astronomy, Physics and Chemistry. December 8.—Section of Biology. December 15.—Annual Meeting and Presidential Address. December 22.—-Section of Geology and Mineralogy. The public is invited to attend these meetings, which are held in the assembly room of the Museum. The Linnzean Society of New York will hold its regular meet- ings at the Museum on December 9 and 23. 97 The American Museum Journal Epmunp O. Hovey, Edztor, FRANK M. CHAPMAN, ) Louis P. GRATACAP, Advisory Board. WILiiam K. GREGORY, Subscription, One Dollar per year. A subscription to the JouRNAL is included in the membership fees of all classes of Members of the Museum. For sale at the Museum at ten cents per copy. Subscriptions should be addressed to The Editor, American Museum Journal, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Eighth Avenue, New York City. CONTENTS, VOL. II, No. 9 PAGE THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS 87 DMRS SR ek!) ce A. = Age eens CR Rene eee eS ht ap BS Pigs oe Re Mieem@iINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES . §. .'. . . «9 Scientific Staff Director Hermon C. Bumpus Department of Public Instruction Prof. ALBERT S. Bickmore, Curator Department of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, Curator Epmunp O. Hovey, Ph.D., Associate Curator Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Curator Frank M. Cuapman, Associate Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Prof. Henry FarirFIELD OsBorn, Curator W. D. Mattuew, Ph.D., Associate Curator O. P. Hay, Ph.D., Assistant Curator Department of Entomology WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Curator Departments of Mineralogy and Conchology L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator Department of Invertebrate Zodlogy Prof. Hermon C. Bumpus, Curator GeorGE H. SHERWOOD, A.M., Assistant Curator Department of Anthropology Prof. FREDERIC W. Putnam, Curator Prof. Franz Boas, Curator of Ethnology MarsHAa.t H. SaviLie, Curator of Mexican and Central American Archeology Haran I, Smiru, Assistant Curator of Archeology Library A. WoopwarbD, Ph.D.. Librarian Publications The publications of the Museum consist of an Annual Report, in octavo, about 80 pages; the Bulletin, in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of about 400 pages, and about 25 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the Memoirs, in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; an Ethnographical Album, issued in parts, and the American Museum Journal, published monthly, except July to September.