The American Rose Society

THE AMERICAN
ROSE ANNUAL

THE AMERICAN
ROSE ANNUAL

THE 1921 YEAR-BOOK OF
ROSE PROGRESS

Edited for the American
Rose Society by

J. HORACE McFARLAND

1921
AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

EDITOR'S OFFICE
HARRISBURG. PA.

THE American Rose Annual is supplied to all mem-
bers of the American Rose Society whose dues are
paid for the ciurent year. Additional copies are sup-
plied to members only at $2 each, postpaid. When sold
separately, the price of the Annual is $3, and includes
annual membership. Members may obtain copies of the
1917, 1918, 1919, and 1920 Annuals, so long as in print,
at $3 each, and of the 1916 Annual (the first issue), at
$5; or the six issues will be supplied, while in print,
for $18, including current membership.

Address, JOHN C. WISTER, Secretary ^

606 Finance Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

^54

Copyright, 1921
By J. Horace McFarland, Editor

The 1922 American Rose Annual idll be issued in March, 1922

Completely prepared, illustrated and

printed by the
J. HOBAOE MoFABLAND OOMPAKT

Jiaount pUaiiant PreM
Harrisburg. Pa.

The ^J(ose in America

"We are approaching
the problem from the standpoint of
a rose for every American yard,
a dozen for every garden"

-H. H. Hume, "Rose Stocks and Root
Systems," page 47

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Organized March 13, 1899

"7^0 iyicrease the general interest in the cultivation and improve
the standard of excellence of the Rose for all people''"'

OFFICERS, 1920-1921

President Robert Ptle, West Grove, Pa.

Vice-President F. L. Atkins, Rutherford, N. J.

Honorary Vice-Presidents E. M. Mills, D.D.

Dr. Robert Huet

E. G. Hill

John Cook

Treasurer Charles H. Totty, Madison, N. J.

Secretary John C. Wister, Philadelphia

Executive Committee:
Jesse A. Curret (1923) James Boyd (1922)

S. S. Pennock (1923) Dr. E. M. Mills (1922)

Wallace R. Pierson (1921) Thomas Roland (1923)

Robert Simpson (1921) George H. Peterson (1922)

John H. Dunlop (1921) J. Horace McFarland (ex-off.)

Editor American Rose Annual:
J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa.

Former Presidents:

* William C. Barry Alexander Montgomery

Robert Craig F. R. Newbold

Benjamin Dorrance S. S. Pennock

W. H. Elliott Wallace R. Pierson

Adolph Farenwald August F. Poehlmann

Benjamin Hammond Robert Simpson

MEMBERSHIP

Life Members ($50) , Research Members ($20 or more annually) ,
Sustaining Members ($10 annually), and Annual Members ($3),
receive all publications, are entitled to admission upon presentation of
membership card to all exhibitions managed by the Society, and can
vote at all meetings.

Affiliated Members pay $3 each, and have all privileges. If 10
or more such memberships are sent in by the secretary of a local society
interested in rose culture, 50 cents each is returned for the use of such
society; for 50 or more members, 75 cents each is returned; for 100 or
more, $1 each. Publications for affiliated members are distributed
by the local secretary.

Remit to order of American Rose Society, and address
JOHN C. WISTER, Secretary, 606 Finance Building, Philadelphia

♦Deceased

EDITOR'S PREFACE

IF THE EDITOR were questioned as to his idea of the ten-
dency shown in the contents of this, the sixth American

Rose Annual to be issued, he would say that it was toward
making the rose really universal in the United States.

Believing as he does that the rose is God's greatest floral gift
to man, that its nurture is fraught with benefits to the spirit
far in excess of those resulting from the mere sight-enjoyment of
the flowers, he hopes to see millions more of American homes
know the rose, to their advantage and that of the nation. It is
in this hope that he works.

The members of the Society are helping in this direction,
as the contents of this Annual bear witness. The suggestions
and experiences for protecting and for prospering roses in all
parts of the land; the beginning of acute attention to the selec-
tion and growth of suitable rose stocks; the further detailed
presentations of the best "back-yard" roses; and the showing
as to great private rose-gardens, all tend toward the universaliz-
ing of the queen of flowers.

Very encouraging is the report of rose-breeding progress, so
ably conducted by Dr. Van Fleet, under the wise fostering of
the Federal Department of Agriculture. The novel possibility
of the early dissemination of some of Dr. Van Fleet's creations,
which may well be called national roses, through the control-
ling agency of the American Rose Society, is also encouraging.

Again much space is given to two unique features of record
as well as present value. The rose-makers of the world have for
the most part responded gladly to our request for the accurate
information which permits us to present a comprehensive list
of new roses. The American introductions are now presented
as an "Official List of American Roses," believed to be inclusive
as well as accurate.

The pleasant fraternal relations existing with the great rose

(5)

6 EDITOR'S PREFACE __^

organizations of England, France, and Australia are in evidence
in this Annual. Very grateful is the Editor for the courtesy of
the Secretary of the National Rose Society of England, as well
as for the help of our French friends, MM. Turbat and Siret.

One regret the Editor expresses: that so small a percentage
of the widespread membership of the Society responds with
asked-for information and suggestions. Most interesting are
the letters that do come, but the Editor feels that it would
only be a fair recognition of the time and effort gladly spent on
his part if many more rose friends would write in inquiry, in
criticism, in suggestion, in helpful attention. Isn't the rose
prosperity of America worth a letter and a stamp once a year.''

A "rose-note" may help another member past a hard spot.
Our friends are especially urged to use promptly the enclosed
mailing cards.

The organization of the Society has been notably advanced
in the establishment of the Secretary's office in Philadelphia.
The "Members' Handbook" which follows the Annual, with
various details and the complete membership list in alphabetical
and in geographical forms, is an evidence of the increasing
strength of the Society. This strength should increase materi-
ally in 1921 through the efforts of our members.

The tradesmen whose announcements follow the text are all
reliable, and their offerings are commended to our members. It
is hoped to present thus each year a practically complete list of
the dependable rose merchants of America.

J. HORACE McFARLAND

Harrisburg, Pa.
March 15, 1921

CONTENTS

Page
EDITOR'S PREFACE , 5

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY IN 1921 . Robert Pyle, President 9

ROSES IN ANTIQUITY Jesse A. Currey 12

ROSES— CLERGY— CHURCHES .... Rev. Edmund M. Mills, D.D. 20

ROSE-BREEDING IN 1920 AT BELL EXPERIMENT PLOT . . .

Dr. W. Van Fleet 25
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME NEW VAN FLEET ROSES . . .

Robert Pyle 32

OUR NATIVE ROSES Chas. E. F. Gersdorff 34

ROSIFYING AMERICAN HIGHWAYS Charles G. Adams 44

ROSE STOCKS AND ROOT SYSTEMS H. Harold Hume 47

OTHER POSSIBLE ROSE STOCKS The Editor 55

SOME CALIFORNIA ROSE CONDITIONS . George C. Thomas, Jr. 57

AN AMATEUR'S GARDEN ON PUGET SOUND . James A. Hays 60

FLORIDA ROSE-GROWING AS SEEN BY NORTHERN EYES

George H. Peterson 64

THE ROSES OF MT. DESERT ISLAND, MAINE . Annie Lorenz 66

MY BACK-YARD ROSES IN THEIR FOURTH SEASON ....

Arthur P. Greeley 68

THE WORKING OUT OF A REAL ROSE-GARDEN . H.A. Caparn 72

A BETTER BACK-YARD GARDEN Ray F. Anthony 15

A WELL-PLACED PRIVATE ROSE-GARDEN .... The Editor 77

A HOSPITAL ROSE GARDEN David Lumsden 79

THE ROSE-GARDEN IN BRONX PARK .... George V. Nash 82

ROSES AT KEW GARDENS, ENGLAND J. Coutts 86

SELECT ROSES FOR A WASHINGTON GARDEN

Chas. E. F. Gersdorff 89

OHIO AND THE ROSE-ZONE MAP G. A. Stevens 94

HOW TO MAKE ROSES GROW An Editorial Inquiry 99

George Christine, Penna. — -Miss Carrie Harrison, Washington, 99; Dr. S. L.
Jodidi, Washington— Dr. Robert Huey, Phila., 100; W. C. Egan, 111., 101;
W. B. Burgoyne, Ontario, 102; David M. Dunning — Miss Matilda Jacobs,
Auburn, N. Y., 103; Geo. R. Mann, Ark. — Mrs. Francis King, Mich., 104;
Capt. Geo. C. Thomas, Jr., Calif., 105.

ROSE PROTECTION VS. THE ROSE-ZONE MAP

Another Editorial Inquiry 106
W. B. Burgoyne, Ontario, 106; Thos. N. Cook, Mass.— W. C. Egan, 111., 107;
D. M. Dunning, Miss Matilda Jacobs, Auburn, N. Y., 108-9; Fred Davidson,
Mich. — S. S. Pennock, Phila, 109; Martin Meehan, Conn. — Harry A. Norton,
Quebec, 110.

WHAT ROSES NURSERY AGENTS SELL The Editor 111

PACIFIC NORTHWEST ROSE SHOWS Jesse A. Currey 114

THE 1922 ROSE TRIP TO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

S. S. Pennock 116
(7)

CONTENTS

USING AMERICA AS A ROSE-TEST GARDEN . Bess E. Trump^US

ROSES ROUND THE WORLD— GERMANY, ITALY, AUSTRALIA

Correspondence 125
THE ROSE CUT-FLOWER SITUATION .... Wallace R. Pierson 129
GREENHOUSE ROSES THIS YEAR AND LAST Charles H. Totty 133

COMMERCIAL ROSES AS THE WHOLESALER SEES THEM. . .

S. S. Pennoch 136

CUT ROSES AROUND CHICAGO W.J. Keimel 140

COMMERCIAL ROSES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ....

Thomas C. Luke 142

ROSES AND THE RETAIL FLORIST Thomas Roland 143

ROSE-GROWING IN FRANCE AFTER THE WAR . . Charles Siret 144

NEW ROSE TRIALS AT BAGATELLE Therese Turhat 146

THE NEW GOLD-MEDAL ROSES OF 1920 .... Courtney Page 149
ENGLISH ROSES THROUGH AMERICAN EYES . . E.G. Hill 154
THE NEW ROSES OF ALL THE WORLD— WITH INDEX . . 157

ROSE NOTES The Editor and Others 166

NEW ROSES REGISTERED IN 1920 172

OFFICIAL LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES . . Chas. E. F. Gsrsdorff 173

INDEX 191

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS 3d cover

LIST OF PLATES ^^pl^f

I. Roses in Tacoma, Washington Frontispiece

II. Chinese Roses and Their Hybrids (Van Fleet) 9

III. Rosa Willmottioe in Bloom at Bell Experiment Plot 25

IV. Hybrid of Rosa Hugonis X R. altaica 28

V. Hybrid of Rosa Wichuraiana X R. Pernetiana 29

VI. New Hybrid Rose, "W. C. 124" 32

VII and VIII. Root Systems of Rose Stocks 48-49

IX. A Portland (Oregon) Rose-Garden 57

X. The Tully Rose-Garden 72

XL Rose-Garden of Mrs. Harold Irving Pratt 81

XII. Method of Protection for Hybrid Tea Roses 108

XIII. Municipal Rose-Garden in St. Catharines, Ontario 117

XIV. Mad. Caroline Testout Roses in Portland, Oregon 140

XV. The English Gold-Medal Roses of 1920 149

XVI. E. Gurney Hill. Portrait 156

XVII. John Cook. Portrait 165

Plate II. Some Chinese Roses and Their Van Fleet Hybrids as Grown at Bell
Experiment Plot. Photographed May 20, 1920

A. Rosa Willrpottiffi X R. altaica.

B. R. Willmottise; violet-purple.

C. R. Hugonis X Harison's Yellow; semi-double, primrose-yellow.

D. R. Hugonis seedling; deep cream.

E. R. altaica; white.

F. R. Hugonis; canary yellow.

(See page 26)

The American Rose Annual

The American Rose Society in 1921

By ROBERT PYLE, President, West Grove, Pa.

THOSE longest identified with the American Rose Society
have most difficulty, perhaps, in realizing its actual growth.
When, in 1907, the Society was received in the East Room
of the White House by President Roosevelt — on which pleasant
occasion he warmly commended Mr. E. G. Hill for his roses
"Made in America" — we numbered, I think. 111 active members.
Now the Society includes more than two times 1100.

With this growth, together with our Rose-Test Gardens and
Rose Show Gardens and relations with affiliated organizations,
with many other varied activities, cooperating in exhibitions
and in other meetings, the actual business of our Association
has come to require definite headquarters, and the full time of a
capable assistant to the Secretary.

It was with sincere regret that we released from his arduous
services our indefatigable and kindly Secretary, Prof. E. A.
White. It was but reasonable, however, that his college at
Cornell should hold first claim. A happy arrangement with
the president and directors of the Pennsylvania Horticultural
Society, who have invited us to share their spacious office,
has enabled us to establish administration headquarters in
Philadelphia (at 606 Finance Building) for our new Secretary,
Mr. John C. Wister, of Germantown. Mr. Wister is president
of the American Iris Society and is otherwise horticulturally
well known. His interest in the rose is keen, as evidenced in his
delightful article on "The Home of the Gloire de Dijon Rose,"
contributed to the 1920 Annual.

Mr. Charles H. Totty, of Madison, N. J., formerly president
of the Society of American Florists, and prominent as a rose-
grower, accepted the call of the Executive Committee to become
treasurer in place of Harry O. May, who felt obliged to resign.
Mr. May's father, John N. May, was the first treasurer of the
American Rose Society. We owe gratitude both to father and

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10 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

son, who in turn have faithfully served the Society as treasurer
from its earliest beginnings until January 28, 1921.

In the readjustments essential to care for a large and steadily
increasing membership, covering the whole rose world, our
officers have endeavored to increase the service available to
members. The Members' Handbook, first issued in 1920,
promptly proved its value in more ways than one. It likewise
increased our expenses, which have necessarily followed the
upward trend. No one would want the rose-advance of America
limited by the decreased purchasing power of annual dues of but
$2, perhaps originally too low for even the mechanical cost of
dealing with the correspondence and the desires of several thou-
sand members. Indeed, the admirable American Rose Annual
is only made possible by Mr. McFarland's gratuitous work,
not only in editing it, but in conducting throughout the year a
world-wide rose correspondence on behalf of the Society. Other
officers and members of the Executive Committee have also
done much important gratuitous work, even contributing their
necessary traveling expenses out of a love for the rose. With
no expense for rent of either of the two offices maintained, and
with only part of the clerical expense covered in the single
salary paid by the Society, it was but in line with American
procedure for the Society, in its annual meeting, held upon due
notice in October, 1920, to vote unanimously for an increase of
the annual dues to $3, and to establish two new classes of
membership. Sustaining members pay $10 annually, and
Research members pay $20 or more annually, the funds derived
from the latter being held separate for promoting inquiry into
rose-needs.

It is gratifying to note than the members have responded
cheerfully to the situation, and our membership is constantly
increasing. The officers hope that many rose friends will
assume the supporting relation of Sustaining or Research
membership for further improving the service of the Society.

In order to secure certain definite advantages for its member-
ship, it has seemed desirable to incorporate the American Rose
Society, and action has been undertaken to secure a favorable
legal status as "a corporation not for profit," under which
gifts and trusts in pursuance of its aims may be accepted and

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY IN 1921 11

administered, and which would permit certain favorable ar-
rangements, elsewhere announced for giving the public access
to some notable new roses.

Every progressive organization should have a purpose, and
a definite plan of endeavor. We have both !

To nationalize the love for roses in America, with a "Rose for
every home and a bush for every garden," is our declared purpose.

Our plan of endeavor calls for individual effort that shall
largely increase our membership and our resources. We need to
increase our power for usefulness.

While we are proud of the successive issues of the American
Rose Annual, we should provide a Rose Manual for each
member to help in intelligent rose-growing. We need funds for
research and investigation; we need to provide more prizes to
stimulate hybridizers toward rose-advance. We need more
heartily and helpfully to assist and cooperate with our affiliated
organizations.

But nothing we can say can possibly approach in effective-
ness the persuasive power of what people see. We need to make
an onslaught upon the park superintendents and park com-
missioners of America, who hold in the hollow of their hands
an enviable opportunity. No other feature in a park system can
approach in value, compared with cost, the worthwhileness of
a community rose-garden. It has been proved many times that
more prople will find more joy to the square yard per dollar of
cost in a municipal rose-garden than in "anyplace else on earth."

Let us reveal to the roseless park people their great oppor-
tunity, and thus reach the roseless homes !

The Rose Trip to the Pacific Northwest, planned to
include all members or friends of the Society living at or west
of Portland, Maine, who arrange to join in a pilgrimage in June,
1922, to the rose wonderland of the Pacific Coast, and including
not only visits to several national parks coming and going, but
stops at rose centers enroute, is elsewhere in this Annual
announced in detail. Our friends in Portland, Seattle, and
Tacoma are looking forward with anticipation to the fraterniza-
tion with their eastern associates which is so pleasant and so
helpful. We can start rose-love into growth all across the con-
tinent. Let us go in strength and in hopefulness !

Roses in Antiquity

By JESSE A. CURREY, Seattle, mak.portlaiid, Oreonh

Editor's Note. — It was hearing Mr. Currey tell of the rose in antiquity
that led the Editor to ask him to give the members of the American Rose Society
the advantage of his research. We who own the gentle reign of the Queen of
Flowers wUl think no less of the crown because it was bestowed full thirty
centiuries ago.

THE ROSE is the oldest cultivated flower. While its origin
is shrouded in the dim mists of antiquity, we find in the
Bible, in Greek mythology, and in the writings of the
ancient Roman philosophers and poets, its history, showing
that it was cultivated in the earliest times. Nothing else in
the garden can compare with the rose for age, as nothing else
can compare with it for beauty of form, brilliancy of color or
sweetness of perfume. It is one token which has come down to
us, without change of character through countless ages.

In its calm reign the rose has beheld emperors as they fell
from their thrones. It has been the silent spectator at the
destruction of the greatest cities. It became the favorite token
of the Christian church and also of the pagan potentate. Poets
for centuries have sung its praise, and scientists have worked
to improve its color and form. Mighty rulers have used it on
their banners. Infidel conquerors of the Holy City used its
essence as a cleanser of those places occupied by Christians,
and the Christians in turn used it as the highest mark of appre-
ciation for services rendered in driving the infidel hordes from
the same Holy City ! The rose has played its part in war, in
the Reformation, in the ceremonies of the Christian church, and
in the worship of pagan gods. It has survived through all the
world's history, and more than ever today does it merit the
title bestowed on it 2,600 years ago in Athens of "The Queen
of Flowers."

Whether the Children of Israel brought the rose with them
out of the land of Egypt has not been clearly established, for
while the hieroglyphics on the ancient tombs and monuments of
Egypt which have been deciphered fail to show that the rose was
cultivated in the valley of the Nile during the years the Jews
were under Pharaoh's rule, it has been disclosed that the rose

(12)

ROSES IN ANTIQUITY 13

was cultivated in Egypt at a very early period. In their new
land the Israelites considered the rose soon after their settle-
ment, as is evident from the fact that we find, about 1000 B. C,
in the songs of Solomon "I am the rose of Sharon," In the
Apocryphal Wisdom of Solomon it is written "Let us crown
ourselves with rose buds before they be withered."

As additional confirmation of the fact that the Jews culti-
vated the rose soon after they became established in the Holy
Land, we find in Isaiah 35 : 1, written about 890 B.C., this pas-
sage: "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for
them; and the desert shall rejoice, and bloom as the rose."

While the Books of Ecclesiasticus are now omitted from the
Bible, we learn in the Apocrypha that the Jews at Jericho
had wonderful gardens filled with roses during the eighth century
B. C, for this philosopher wrote "I was exalted like a palm
tree in Engaddi and as a rose plant in Jericho." Elsewhere
he gave expression to "Hearken unto me, ye holy children, and
bud forth as a rose growing by the brook of the field."

Thus not only was the rose known among the Jews prior to
the reign of Solomon, but the Greeks as early as the tenth
century before the Christian era had acquired knowledge of rose
culture either from the Jews, the Egyptians, or the early
Babylonians.

The explorations of ancient Babylon have so far failed to
reveal direct evidence that the rose dominated the famous
gardens of that city, but it is generally assumed that if it was not
included in the original development, attributed to Setonius,
about 1200 B. C, it found place in the gardens when they were
developed to their greatest extent under the reign of Nebuchad-
nezzar, 605 B. C.

Upon reading the ancient Greek poets it will be discovered
that the rose was used more frequently in painting word pictures
than any other natural object. The freedom of its use suggests
that it must have been an e very-day as well as a much admired
flower of the Greek, Homer, who, writing about 950 B. C, calls
upon the brilliant colors of the rose to help him paint a picture
of the rising sun, when he says that Aurora had rosy fingers,
and perfumed the air with roses.

That the rose was known among the Greeks long before

24 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

the time of Homer is evident, for while he used the quahties of
the rose in making similes, Greek mythology shows that the
rose had been dedicated to the gods of Olympus much earlier.
Because of the natm-al blending of its brilliant colors into each
other, just as the shades of night blend and disappear in the
rising sun, the rose was consecrated to Aurora. While Greek
mythology attributes the origin of the rose to several of the
Olympian deities, the generally accepted fable is that Flora
one day found dead a favorite nymph, whose virtues were only
exceeded by her incomparable beauty. Desiring to perpetuate
the memory of her favorite. Flora appealed to the gods of
Olympus to change the dead body into a flower which would be
superior to all other flowers, and which all other flowers should
acknowledge as their queen, the new flower to have blended in
it the good qualities of the deities. So Venus gave to the new
bloom form, Bacchus bathed it in nectar, Apollo loaned it the
vivifying power of his beams of light, and perfume was the gift
of Vertumnus. Pomona contributed the fruit, while Flora
reserved for herself the color; and as blue is a cold color, suggest-
ing death, she withheld this pigment, wherefore there can be no
blue roses.*

That the Olympian gods determined that the rose should be
the queen of flowers is established by the poem of Sappho, about
600 B. C, who wrote of the rose in these words:

Would Jove appoint some flower to reign
In matchless beauty on the plain.
The Rose (mankind will all agree).
The Rose, the Queen of Flowers should be.
The pride of plants, the grace of bowers;
The blush of meads, the eyes of flowers;
Its beauties charm the gods above;
Its fragrance is the breath of love;
Its foliage wantons in the air.
Luxuriant, like the flowing hair;
It shines in blooming splendor gay.
While zephyrs on its bosom play.

Not only was the rose consecrated to Aurora but it was also
dedicated to other gods of Olympus, among which was Harpoc-
rates, the god of silence. The fable is that Cupid gave a rose to

*Evidently the Olympian deities had no hint of what their German descendants could
accomplish — for now we have the rose "Veilchenblait" — Editor.

ROSES IN ANTIQUITY 15

Harpocrates to keep silent regarding some of the clandestine
meetings of the other gods ; therefore the rose became a symbol
of secrecy. From this arose a custom of the tribes, later, of
suspending a rose from the ceiling of their meeting chambers
while the council was in session, the presence of the rose indicat-
ing that what transpired was to be held a secret. Such is the
origin of the term "sub-rosa," indicating that the matter had
been transacted "under the rose."

Sappho gave the rose the name in literature which it bears
unto today. Further, nearly every Greek poet and writer of the
sixth century B. C. and succeeding years wrote something about
the rose, which strengthens the opinion that the rose was widely
cultivated in ancient Greece. Anacreon (652 B. C), who was
regarded as the leading wit and humorist of the day wrote:

Fill the bowl with rosy wine;
Around our temples roses twine.
And let us cheerfully awhile
Like the wine and roses smile.

Ancient Macedonia was also a home of the rose before the
Christian era, as Herodotus (450 B. C.) wrote about the roses
in the gardens of the rich King Midas. In speaking of these roses,
Herodotus said some of them had sixty petals and a most delight-
ful perfume. Simmias of Thebes about the same time con-
tributed the information about the roses opening their petals
over the grave of Sophocles, who had then been dead about
fifty years, thus showing that the Greeks at that early age used
the rose for decorating graves as well as in their celebrations.

The Island of Rhodes, which had borne many different
names in ancient history, is indebted to the culture of the rose
for the name bestowed upon it about 405 B. C. by the Greeks.
They named it the Isle of Roses, the Greek for roses being
Rhodon. In collections of ancient coins and medals are to be
found medals of Rhodes, when it flourished as an empire, with a
rose on the face of them.

While the Greek poets had sung the praises of the rose for
several centuries, it remained for Theophrastus (327-288 B. C),
the Greek philosopher, who succeeded Aristotle as head of the
lyceum, to give us the first botanical description of the rose.
Theophrastus wrote two books on "Researches about Plants"

16 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

and they show him to have been a thorough inquirer. Search
has failed to disclose any other ancient work on the rose until
the time of Pliny (23 A. D.), the Roman naturalist who reviewed
the work of his Greek predecessor. According to Parsons, who
has evidently given much thought and study to these ancient
writers, "the number of species known to the ancients was
small as compared with the number now recognized by the
botanists. Pliny, with whom we find the most detail on this
point, says that the most esteemed were those of Praeneste
and Psestum, which were perhaps identical; those of Campania
and Malta, of a bright red color, and having but twelve petals;
the white roses of Heraclea, in Greece, and those of Alabande,
which seem to be identical with R. centifolia. According to the
Roman naturalist and Theophrastus, they grew naturally on
Mount Panga and produced there very small flowers; yet when
the inhabitants of Philippi went there to obtain them, the bushes
on being transplanted produced much improved and more
beautiful roses. Pliny speaks also of some other species: one
with single flowers, another which he terms Spinola, and also
one of Carthage, which bloomed in winter. Unfortunately all
that we find of his works on this subject is generally very
obscure and it is difiicult to compare any he describes with those
known at the present day."

From the study of ancient history it is evident that the
Romans acquired their love for the rose and learned to cultivate
it from the Greeks, although it is possible that they also acquired
knowledge from the Egyptians. The Romans early adopted
the rose to give expression to their love for the luxurious.
Cicero (106-43 B. C.) in his "DeFinibus" speaks of the custom
prevailing in Rome at that time of reclining on couches covered
with roses. Commenting on the luxury of the day, and with a
word of warning, he wrote, "Regulus, in his chains, was more
happy than Thori in drinking on a couch of roses."

Verres, who was governor of Sicily and one of the greatest
extortionists in the world's history, was severely criticized by
Cicero, who reproached him not only for the robberies he com-
mitted and the cruelties he enforced, but also for his effeminacy
and licentiousness. Cicero, in reviewing Verres' life, said:
"When spring commenced, that season was not announced to

ROSES IN ANTIQUITY 17

him by the return of Zephyr, nor by the appearance of any
heavenly sign; it was not until he had seen the roses bloom that
spring was visible to his voluptuous eyes. In the voyages which
he made across the province, he was accustomed, after the
example of the kings of Bithynia, to be carried in a litter borne
by eight men, in which he reposed, softly extended upon cushions
of transparent materials and filled with roses of Malta, having in
his hand a net of the finest linen full of these flowers, whose
fragrance incessantly gratified his eager nostrils."

Of those identified with Roman history prior to the Chris-
tian era, no one used roses with more lavishness than did Cleo-
patra on her memorable campaign to ensnare Mark Antony.
For several successive days Cleopatra gave a great festival,
and on the fourth day she caused the floor of the banquet
hall to be covered with roses to the depth of eighteen inches.
These were retained in a fine net so that the guests in walking
over this carpet would not scatter the blooms.

The custom of using roses for garlands was adopted by the
Romans from the Greeks. Horace (65 B. C), in his poem to
Quintus Dellius said, "Bring garlands of roses," and in his
invitation to Macsenas he wrote "Roses fair, to deck your hair."
Horace loved luxury, and according to Parsons "When he
abandoned himself to pleasures, he was always supplied with
roses. In congratulating one of his friends on his safe return from
Spain he recommended that these flowers should not be wanting
at the festival. On another occasion he told his favorite servant
that he disliked the pompous displays of the Persians and
escaped them by searching in what place the late rose was found.
Drawing a picture of luxurious ease for his friend Hirpinus,
he speaks of 'lying under the shade of a plane or pine tree,
perfuming our spotless hair with Assyrian spikenard and crown-
ing ourselves with roses.' The use of crowns of roses as objects
of luxury is well authenticated, for among medical men of
antiquity, endeavors were made to determine what kind of
flowers were suitable to place in crowns without detriment to
health; and according to report made on this subject, parsley,
the ivy, the myrtle and the rose possessed peculiar virtues for
dissipating the fumes of wine."

Rose culture had made great progress in Rome at the advent

18 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

of the Christian Era. The Romans not only grew roses with
the greatest profusion in their gardens but there were large and
extensive commercial growers, the demand for roses for the
various fetes being so great that the private gardens could not
supply them. In thus developing rose-growing the Romans soon
found that plants responded to heat; in 4 B. C. the Romans were
producing roses in winter in hothouses heated with pipes filled
with hot water. Seneca (4 B. C.-65 A.D.), who educated Nero,
was quite shocked over this supposed violation of the laws of
nature, and declaimed against the use of greenhouses and the
production of roses in winter. His protests were unheeded, and
during the reign of Domitian (81-96 A. D.) there were many rose-
producing plants in Rome.

The Egyptians, hoping to win the favor of Domitian, sent
roses from tropical Egypt in the winter, but even an undertaking
of such import was laughed to scorn by the Romans, who
claimed they had finer roses in Rome at that time of the year
than Egypt could produce. Martial, who was the favorite wit
of Rome in the time of Domitian, wrote: "The ambitious
inhabitants of the land watered by the Nile have sent thee, O
Caesar, the roses of winter, as a present valuable for its novelty.
But the boatman of Memphis will laugh at the gardens of
Pharaoh as soon as he has taken one step in thy capital city.
. . . Wherever he wanders or casts his eyes, every street is
brilliant with garlands of roses. And thou, O Nile, must now
yield to the fogs of Rome. Send us thy harvests and we will
send thee roses."

Throughout the days of the Roman Empire roses occupied
a place of importance, especially in festivals and celebrations.
They were associated with every luxury of the empire. In the
writings of Lucretius (96 A. D.) we find a description of the
festival of Cybele, in which roses were used in the greatest
profusion. According to Parsons the greatest exhibition of lav-
ishness in using roses is to be found as reported by Setonius, of
the festival given by Nero in the Gulf of Baise, the expense for
roses alone for this event being more than four million sester-
ces—about $100,000.

While it was the custom of the early Romans to use crowns
of roses for many occasions, this practice was prohibited by the

ROSES IN ANTIQUITY 19

early Christians, on the grounds that such crowns were too
closely associated with paganism. Clement of Alexandria, who
was born 150 years after the beginning of the Christian Era
and was head of the catechetical school at Alexandria (190-203
A. D.), thought it improper for Christians to crown themselves
with roses.

Although the early Christians were opposed to crowns and
garlands of roses, they nevertheless continued to grow the plants,
and gradually, with the growth of the Roman Catholic faith,
the rose was introduced into church ceremonies. The rosary,
or string of prayers, which was first made by stringing rose-pods,
was established as an institution of the church in 667 A. D.

The Catholic church was the first to adopt the rose in church
ceremonies. The first celebration where it was so employed was
the festival of the rose, still observed in Spain and some other
countries, and which marks the anniversary of the victory of
the Christians over the infidels at Lapante. Even prior to this
time, although it did not figure in any great celebration or take
on the importance it did in later years, the church adopted the
custom of awarding the golden rose. This is probably today,
and has been in modern times, since the Crusades started, the
most distinguished gift or mark of reward bestowed by the
Roman Catholic church.

The history of the rose during the dark ages, when it was
kept alive by the Moors and Persians; the part it took in the
activities of Mohammed and his hordes, are history, as is the
first record of the rose in Ireland, how it figured in the wars of
early England, and its travels into France and Germany.

From these records of the ancients we can see that the rose
was the queen of their flower-gardens, just as it is today the
queen of ours. The rose of antiquity, as does the rose of today,
exercised an unique charm, through its brilliancy of color, the
elegance and beauty of its form, and its delightful perfume. It
appeals more strongly today to us for the part it has played in
the world's history, for in its career it has never lost its character
or distinctiveness, and its position today is the same as it was
nearly 3,000 years ago, when it was justly crowned "The Queen
of Flowers."

Roses — Clergy — Churches

By REV. EDMUND M, MILLS, D.D., Litt.D.

President Syracuse Rose Society, Syracuse, N. Y.

Editor's Note. — The author of this article is entirely too modest. He
does not tell of his own long life of beneficence to mankind through the spreading
of the love of the rose as well as the Gospel, nor does he even hint of the way in
which he has promoted the rose in Syracuse, the Rose Society of which, under
his presidency, is a notably strong one.

In the 1920 Annual, Dr. MiUs told us of "Outdoor Rose-Growing as a
Recreation." He has made it a recreation wherever his busy life as a successful
Methodist clergyman led him, and rose smiles follow him. Dr. Mills is the
Dean Hole of America, and the American Rose Society is honored by his
participation in its affairs.

FOR thousands of years in many lands, poets have been
singing the charms of the rose. Some of these songs have
been floating down the centuries, "Hke flowers on the
streams of summer;" but to the mind of the writer, the most
comprehensive tribute ever paid to the claims of the rose is
found in a poem published in Harper s Monthly over half a
century ago:

Roses always roses are.
What with roses can compare !
Search the garden, search the bower.
Try the charms of every flower.
Try them by their beauteous bloom.
Try them by their sweet perfume.
Morning's light it loveth best
On the rose's lap to rest.
And the evening breezes tell
The secret of their choice as well.
Try them by whatever token.
Still the same response is spoken.
Nature crowns the rose's stem
With her choicest diadem.

Roses always roses are.
What with roses can compare !
Roses are of royal birth —
Loveliest monarchs of the earth.
Not the realms of flowers alone.
But human hearts their scepter own.
They, more than all the flowery throng.
Can wake the poet's soul to song.
They, more than all, possess the power
To cheer and soothe life's passing hour.

(20)

ROSES— CLERGY— CHURCHES 21

What the sweetest influence shed
Around the grateful sufferer's bed?
What with hoUest light illume
The grief and darkness of the tomb?
Mark what flowers the maiden's hand
Gathers for her bridal band !
To every flower some charm is given —
For each reflects the love of heaven —
But roses so all charms combine.
That roses rule by right divine.
And roses still must ever be
The garden's royal family.

Doctors, lawyers, and clergymen furnish a larger per cent of
amateur rosarians than any other callings, and the "Men of the
Cloth" are at the front of the leaders. The greatest rose society
of the world is the National Rose Society of England, founded
by the poetic and witty Dean Reynolds Hole. As long as
men follow the "gentle" art of fishing, fishermen will prize and
read Isaak Walton. So Dean Hole's "Book About Roses" will
never be supplanted; it will ever be held a classic in the rose
world. Not a few of Dean Hole's successors in the presidency of
the National Rose Society have been clergymen.

Then as authors on the rose we have: "The Book of the
Rose," by Rev. A. Foster Melliar; "Roses: Their History,
Development, and Cultivation," by Rev. J. H. Pemberton.
The last named is not only an author of repute among rosarians
but also the originator of a number of valuable roses.

In England the national flower is the rose. There, in numbers
and successes, clergymen are conspicuous as amateur rosarians.
Though the writer had determined to confine his observations to
English-speaking peoples, he cannot overlook the tradition
that the crested moss rose, otherwise known as the "Chapeau
de Napoleon" (Hat of Napoleon), was discovered by a Roman
Catholic priest as he walked (in his evening meditations) by
an old monastery wall in southern France.

In America we have been so busy in doing practical things,
in developing a new world, that amateur rosarians have not
yet come to their own. Over vast areas rose-lovers are so far
apart that they work at a great disadvantage. They are without
the information and inspiration that a local rose society could
give them, and many of them probably do not know as yet that

22 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

there is an American Rose Society. A rose catalogue is their
only book of rose-lore ! But as the country becomes more thickly
populated, these rose pioneers get in touch with one another;
and where a few rose cranks get together something is likely to
happen! Their information and experiences are syndicated.
Their enthusiasm is intensified.

Frequently some clergyman is not only the missionary of the
Gospel but of the rose as well. Within a radius of fifty miles
from where this article is written are as many ministers, in
country and village, who have from a score to a hundred rose
bushes. They are too distant from any rose society to attend
its meetings, but their rose bushes are leavening the communities
where they live with a knowledge of and love for the rose.

Until within the past five years the American Rose Society
has done little to encourage and help the amateur. On the
contrary, the National Rose Society of England, from the days
of Reynolds Hole, has helped organize the amateurs into local
societies, and has disseminated rose information. Over there, too,
the men in trade, growers of cut-flowers and rose bushes, have
been wiser in their day and generation than some of their breth-
ren in America. With some, love of the rose is a natural taste;
with others, it is an acquired taste. Gentlemen of the Trade,
the best way to make a large market for cut-flowers and plants
is to increase the number of those who want the things you have
to sell. The amateur rosarian is your advance agent, and though
unpaid, is not to be regarded as a negligible quantity. He has
no desire to manage your business, but wisdom and fair play
suggest that your relation to him and regard for him should be
on some other basis than that of the "loaves and fishes."

There are six villages known to the writer that are rose
villages. The homes are rose-embowered, there are many lovely
rose-gardens, and some gardens that boast fine rose bushes
because rose-loving clergymen have lived there. I mention one
of these villages in central New York. Nearly two-score years
ago in that village a Roman Catholic priest and his next-door
neighbor, an elder in the Presbyterian church, were enthusiastic
rose-growers. A friendly but robust rivalry existed between
them. They had no Hybrid Teas, except possibly La France.
They did have Hybrid Perpetuals and Moss roses and the Tea

ROSES— CLERGY— CHURCHES 23

rose, White Maman Coehet (each had a hundred White Maman
Cochets). They made that village a veritable rose-garden.
Mme. Caroline Testout is no more the favorite rose of Portland,
Ore., than White Maman Coehet is the favorite rose of that
village to this day.

Before me lies the appeal of a bishop to the pastors of his
area. He exhorts them to have their back yards filled with the
best fruit trees and their front yards divided between well-kept
lawns and flower-gardens. He reminds them that their back
and front yards can be made to preach the gospel of the useful
and beautiful seven days of the week.

While America is yet notably behind Europe in the number
of its eminent clerical rosarians, it has nevertheless some names
of nation-wide fame. Rev. Spencer S. Sulliger, of the state of
Washington, is learned in all the lore of the rose, a rose-grower of
repute and a Judge in the Supreme Court of the Rose at
great exhibitions of the Northwest.

Probably the most eminent clerical originator of new roses in
America is the Roman Catholic priest. Father George M. A.
Schoener, Ph. D., now of Santa Barbara, Calif., but formerly of
Brooks, Ore. With a thorough scientific education as a prepara-
tion, study in the gardens of the Old and New Worlds, ten years
were spent in collecting all known varieties of rose bushes and
experimenting with them. Some of his new roses were startling
creations. They awakened the liveliest hopes of the experts of
the Northwest who saw them. But all these hopes were dashed
to the ground by a fire that consumed his home and rose-
garden.* The deep, dry mulch that surrounded his rose bushes
caused them to fall an easy prey to the flames. Home, the col-
lection of roses that it had taken him ten years to make, and the
results of ten years of hard work, all gone in a single night!

These losses were followed by another greater — the loss of
his health. He went to Santa Barbara, where he has fought
his way back to health. With its restoration, enthusiasm and
hope have revived. He has taken up his loved work again.
Visitors to the rose shows where he has exhibited his new roses
(like his new rose. The Pearl of the Pacific) are loud in their
praises of them. Father Schoener's struggle, handicapped by

*See page 41 of the 1916 Annual for details. — ^Ed.

24 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

poor health, to regain his lost rose paradise reminds one of the
pathetic efforts under like conditions that Sir Walter Scott,
Mark Twain, and U.S. Grant made to recover their lost fortunes.

In Pennsylvania is a church society that annually pays the
rent of the land on which it stands with one red rose. The
ceremony of handing the rose to the heir of the man who rented
his land to the church on such terms is attended by thousands,
and has been honored by the presence of the Governor of the
Commonwealth.

Hildesheim, Germany, boasts a church whose walls for a
thousand years have supported the branches of a glorious rose
bush. Forty generations of the men of that little German city
have come and gone, while the Hildesheim rose bush has sung
with its breath of perfume its "hymn of praise to heaven."
The entire municipality is proud of its rose-clad church.

One of the pleasures of a rose-loving minister is the people he
meets who are devoted to the queen of flowers. In the hill
country of Madison County, New York, is the little village of
Georgetown. In that village is a potted Bourbon or Bengal rose
bush. It was "slipped" from a potted rose bush that had been
in one family forty -nine years. The slip and the bush from which
it was taken span fifty -four years.

How happy the minister would be if he could persuade men

to be good as easily as he can persuade them to love the rose !

The minister not only worships in churches, he has communion

with heaven in his garden. He can sing with Thomas Edward

Brown :

A garden is a lovesome thing, God wot !

Rose plot,

Fringed pool,

Ferned grot, —

The veriest school

Of peace, and yet the fool

Contends that God is not !

Not God in gardens, when the eve is cool?

Nay, but I have a sign:

'Tis very sure God walks in mine.

Rose-Breeding in 1920 at
Bell Experiment Plot

By DR. W. VAN FLEET
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — It will be observed in reading this most interesting
continuance of the progress-records with which Dr. \an Fleet has favored us in
the Annuals for 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920, that he is not only continuing
his painstaking hybridizations with the species previously reported upon, but
extending them to other rare species. The ideals in mind are high, and the
patient skill of the worker most notable. No such breeding work is proceeding
anywhere else in the world, so far as can be ascertained.

Following will be noted the advancing of the arrangement for the dissemina-
tion through the agency of the American Rose Society of the new roses which
Dr. Van Fleet deems worthy of introduction.

Attention is directed to Plate II, facing page 9, and to III, IV, V and VI.

THE season of 1920 at Bell Experiment Plot (Glendale, Md.)
in most part was as favorable for outdoor rose pollination
as the preceding year was adverse. The weather during
the blooming months averaged more than ordinarily cool and
clear, favoring the setting of fruits, and there was less inter-
ference from insect pests and disease than in any previous year.
The harvest in matured seed was greater than heretofore and
covered the widest range of species yet attempted, the special
features borne in mind being hardiness, disease resistance, and
good garden appearance of plants. Elegance, profusion, and
continuity of bloom are of the highest importance, and every
effort is made to develop these perfections in hybrid progeny.
There are already too many weak varieties that produce a few
exquisite blooms under exceptional conditions of culture, but
new varieties that do not require incessant coddling are needed
for American gardens.

Particular attention was given in 1920 to the utilization of the
lesser-known northern species of both hemispheres, such as
Rosa inodora, R. 'pulvurulenta, R. Murielce, R. hibeniica, R.
micrantha, R. invohda, and R. Jundzillii of the Old World, our
native R. Macounii and R. nutkana, and the most northern forms
of R. nitida, R. pratincola, and R. lucida or R. virginiana. There
is considerable diversity in garden adaptability among these
extremely hardy wild roses, and crossings with the several

(25)

26 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

attractive new Chinese species and with highly developed
florists' varieties may open up new features of value in the off-
spring. Seeds of most of the northern species are of slow germina-
tion, and probably several seasons will be needed to bring out
their possibilities.

Taking the seedlings of past years in the order of bloom, we
may begin with R. Willmottioe* which opens its cheerful rosy
purple flowers at Bell before the middle of May. This very
distinct species has not generally succeeded in cultivation, but
grows thriftily in the sandy loam soil at Bell, ripening a limited
number of hips. The type has a most attractive drooping habit,
the strong canes rising about five feet high before they curve,
and it has attractive foliage throughout the growing season.
In habit and coloration this wild rose gives, in early spring,
essentially the decorative effect of the purple beggarweed,
known to gardeners as Desmodium 'penduliflorum, a beautiful
late autumn perennial, but on a much larger scale.

This striking new rose does not readily lend itself to hybridiza-
tion, and the best progress is likely to be made with self- or
chance-fertilized seedlings. Quite a number have already
bloomed, some showing brighter colors and greater profusion of
bloom than the parents. A hybrid with R. Hugonis, as might be
expected, is so inferior in decorative effect to either parent as to
be an almost pitiable object. The blend with R. altaica loses in
grace of habit and foliage effect, but has large, blush-white
blooms, very well placed. Hybrids with Teas and Hybrid Per-
petuals show weakness in growth and are slow in reaching the
bloom stage, but those with deep red forms of R. rugosa are very
encouraging in color, form, and abundance of bloom, the general
aspect being that of a graceful, bright-flowering, miniature
R. rugosa adapted for edgings and rockeries.

Rosa Hugonis blooms about the same time and occasionally
anticipates R. Willmottioe, its clear yellow flowers harmonizing
well with the rose-purple of the latter species. About 250 hybrids
and self-seedlings have bloomed to date, and a considerable
number of new blendings are coming on. The hybrids with
R. altaica and the white forms of R. rugosa run a close race in
attractiveness. Both agree in boundless profusion of bloom,

*See Plate III, facing page 25.

ROSE-BREEDING IN 1920 27

the large, widely opened flowers being so thickly placed as to
almost hide the branches.

All the seedlings with R. altaica* as the pollen parent have
single flowers three inches and more in diameter, the shades
varying from porcelain-white to sulphur-yellow. There is great
diversity in character, poise, and finish of the blooms, suggesting
need for critical selection to secure the best possible combination
of characters. The plants are noticeably graceful in habit, the
long shoots arching to the ground with the weight of buds and
bloom, while the foliage is clean and persistent. The hybrids
with Rugosa have larger flowers, several being quite double,
and the shades vary from cream- white to blush-pink and salmon.
The growth is heavier, with quite characteristic Rugosa foliage,
and the plants bid fair to form large clumps, five or more feet
high, at maturity. The combination of Hugonis with Rugosa
has so gained in promise with repeated bloom that greater
attention will be given it in future. f Several crosses of Hugonis
with Harison's Yellow opened blooms in 1920, showing deeper
coloring than the type and some duplication of petals. The
foHage is dense, and the habit of the seedlings is upright.

Blends of Hugonis with garden forms of R. lutea, such as
Persian Yellow, Austrian Brier, and Austrian Copper, have
yearly been attempted and only two weak seedlings secured,
but the past season better success in securing seed was had by
the use of the type known to botanists by the libelous designa-
tion of R. foetida. In plant and flower this type is scarcely to be
distinguished from the familiar single-flowered form of Austrian
Brier, but appears to have more active pollen. There is no
unpleasant odor in leaf or flower, but rather a faint sweetbrier
fragrance in the young growth on damp mornings.

A hybrid of R. omeiensis, with R. Hugonis as the pollen
contributor, is attractive from its dense, arching habit, forming a
most symmetrical mound of growth, with its fine glossy foliage
enduring until December. The only bloom developed on the
plant last spring resembled that of Hugonis in its yellow coloring
and in having five petals, instead of four, as in the seed parent.
The attractive flowers of R. omeiensis, as well as those of the
closely related R. sericea, are pure white and composed of but

*See Plate IV, pages 28-29, for Hugonis-Altaica seedling.
tSee Plate II, facing page 9.

£8 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

four broad, rounded petals. All other well-known rose species
have five-petaled blooms.

The self or chance seedlings of Hugonis are remarkably uni-
form in flower, foliage, and habit, rarely being distinguishable
from the wild parent, but vary to a considerable degree in
fruitfulness. We now have seedlings far superior to the type for
breeding, producing good seeds in quantity and accepting a
diversity of pollen.

The closely related R. xanthina, sent over from China in
single- and double-flowered forms by the late agricultural
explorer, Frank N. Meyer, shows considerably more variation
in its cross and self-pollinated seedlings, the flower colors
ranging from paper-white to a somewhat deeper yellow than has
yet been developed in Hugonis. Many seedlings are free from
the penetrating formic acid odor so objectionable about the
young growth of the type in moist weather, and will conse-
quently be preferred for planting near dwellings.

Hybrids of R. xanthina with R. Hugonis are very erect in
habit, with dense foliage and attractive brown-red stems in
winter. They tend to grow taller than either parent species,
and should form excellent material for dense boundary hedges.
The widely opened white or yellow blooms are very thickly
placed in early spring, and are followed by glossy red or purple-
black fruits that last until midsummer. The blends with R.
altaica are less striking than the Hugonis-Altaica hybrids, as
the flower colors run in lighter shades, but have merit in their
good foliage and their interesting armature of broad-based
prickles.

Little benefit has been secured by working with R. altaica
except the fine hybrids with Hugonis. While so attractive in
itself that it is grown as the "Northern Cherokee Rose," though
it belongs to the R. spinosissima group, only resembling the
Southern Cherokee rose in its beautifully finished white blooms,
it appears to fall off at once when crossed with other species and
varieties.

Rosa hispida, a nearly related form, very erect in habit, with
straw-colored blooms, hybridizes readily with many varieties,
and produces charming seedlings with single to densely double
blooms of a great range of color, soon showing as many as three

ROSE-BREEDING IN 1920 29

shades of pink in the same petal. Rosa hispida x Sunburst
produces large, full buds and blooms, bright canary-yellow until
fully expanded, and should make a fine hardy border rose.

Rosa bella, among the new-comers, is likely to command
much future attention. It is dwarf er and more compact in
growth and much hardier than other species recently introduced
from North China. The cherry-red blooms cover the branches
soon after R. Willmottioe and R. Hugonis pass out of bloom,
and continue to appear for a longer period than most wild roses
of the season. They are slightly fragrant in themselves, but the
very agreeable fruity odor noticed about the plant in the morn-
ing hours, and which may be likened to the fragrance of Azalea
nudiflora, or Pinxter Flower, appears to be produced by a
glandular surface on the young growth and pedicels. The type
plants at Bell mature few hips, but seedlings are more fruitful,
and a series of promising hybrids have been raised, the best one
being a blend with R. Malyi, having much brighter red flowers
than either parent, with intensified fragrance, good compact
habit, and ornamental fruit. The outcome of crossing this fine
species with highly developed florists' roses is awaited with
interest.

Rosa Moyesii will always challenge attention in its typical
form, the deep red blooms standing out distinct from all other
wild roses, but is far from easy to propagate and grow. Plants
show great vigor for a few seasons, throwing up strong, tall
canes, but there is a constant tendency to die-back in the mature
wood, irrespective of disease or winter injury. This species, in
common with most introductions from North China, appears
to thrive best in light soil and on its own root system. It is not
thoroughly at home on any stock we have yet tested, but it is
difficult to secure plants except by budding or grafting, as cuttings
and layers rarely form roots. SeK-poUinated seedlings grow well
but do not retain the intense red coloring of the type, the flowers
opening into crimson shades and even light rose and pink.
Hybrids with American rose species, such as R. Engelmannii,
R. arkansana, and R. nitida have all the depth of color of Moyesii,
and added brilliancy from the yellow stamens conspicuously
displayed in the center of the blooms. Moyesii itself has reddish
brown anthers and filaments, giving the interior of the flower

30 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

a rather somber aspect when not in bright sunshine. The hybrids
with Old World species that have bloomed are R. Malyi x
R. Moyesii, R. canina x R. Moyesii, and R. Moyesii x R.
cinnamomea.

The Malyi blend was noted in the American Rose Annual
for 1919 (page 32) . The blooms almost duplicate those of Moyesii
in color and form, but the habit is dwarf and compact and the
plant apparently very hardy. The Canina-Moyesii crosses
gain in beauty with respect to bloom, and should certainly be
widely planted. While habit and foliage are much like a moderate-
growing dog-rose, the blooms are vivid ruby-red, lighted with
prominent golden anthers and very thickly placed on the two-
year canes. Like the other Moyesii hybrids, they are vigorous
growers, hardy and free from disease. The hybrid with R.
cinnamomea — the only good one yet secured with Moyesii as a
seed parent — first bloomed the past season, and promises to be
the best of all in size and brilliancy of bloom, fairly beating
Moyesii in intensity of coloring. The plant appears to have no
defects except that of profuse suckering, common to the Cin-
namon rose, which, however, will insure rapid increase of the
hybrid plants on their own roots.

We have undertaken to hybridize Moyesii with every orna-
mental hardy rose species of both hemispheres that can be grown
about Washington, and also with promising garden varieties
that may become available, as far as these crosses can be effected
by painstaking work. More than thirty of these blendings
have been carried to the point of seed production, and new varie-
ties combining the unique characteristics of this beautiful
importation from China may yearly be expected.

A few other of the new oriental roses are showing possibilities
for breeding. Rosa setipoda produces striking hybrids with R.
nitida and R. lucida, while R. sertata has at last produced seeds
when fertilized with pollen from diverse species and varieties.
Rosa multibracteata and R.filipes, the latter quite near R. Helenoe,
are now giving encouraging results, and may add unique features
to our rose-gardens. A considerable number of hybrid seedlings
of jR. multiflora cathayensis, R. Jackii, and R. Gentiliana have
reached their second year, and new crosses are under way.
Cathayensis and Jackii are valued for extreme hardiness and the

ROSE-BREEDING IN 1920 31

comparatively large blooms the typical forms produce. Rosa
Gentiliana is quite tender at Bell, but develops a charming
profusion of milk-white flower-clusters on the branches that
escape winter killing, so that it appears well worth developing
for southern localities.

Rosa Wichuraiana and R. Soulieana continue to produce beau-
tiful novelties that should be distributed for trial throughout the
country. A hybrid of Wichuraiana and Pernetiana shows very
large and full flowers.* Bell Experiment Plot does not possess
equipment for extensive propagation of new hybrids and selec-
tions, and it is hoped that a working arrangement will soon be
perfected with the American Rose Society by which the most
promising new roses produced here may be increased and widely
disseminated at very moderate cost to the piu*chasers.

OLD-FASHIONED ROSES

The rose varieties of old gardens are not neglected at Bell.
The typical Scotch rose of our forefathers, R. spinosissima, is
yielding beautiful new seedlings with intense red as well as
paler shades in both single- and double-flowered forms. The
Boursault rose, R. Lheritierana, is capable of developing really
fine new varieties, and R. gallica officinalis, source of the red
rose petals and much of the rose attar of commerce, is so bright
and attractive that it appears well worth blending with R.
Moyesii and other deep-colored wild roses.

The possibilities of the sweet brier in its less known forms,
such as R. agrestis, R. Seraphinii, and R. ferox, are far from
exhausted as regards the development of varieties with fragrant
foliage and handsome flowers. The much-admired Harison's
Yellow gives an occasional seedling of the Scotch rose type that
nearly equals its parent, and one or more may eventually be
raised that will supersede it in garden value.

Time is an insistent element in breeding work of this character
as several seasons are often needed to carry the seedlings through
all phases from pollination to characteristic bloom, but each
succeeding year brings its encouragement as well as attending
disappointments.

*See Plate V, pages 28-29.

The Distribution of Some New
Van Fleet Roses

By ROBERT PYLE, President American Rose Society

WE in America need, and no one knows it better than Dr.
Van Fleet, a race of roses that shall be as sturdy as were
our pioneer forefathers who tamed the Wild West.
Abundance and freedom and length of season of bloom, to-
gether with fragrance — all these qualities are sought for in the
ideal roses to grace the homesteads of farmers and workmen
as well as the fine estates and city parks.

Our well-known Teas and Hybrid Teas, most of them brought
from Europe, have their limitations. Real race virility is a
prime requisite for which we must look elsewhere. Those
familiar with that wonderful publication, "Genus Rosa,"
by Miss Willmott, will better understand my reference to the
interesting rose species indigenous to the temperate zones.
Out of some 37 important species but two, R. indica and R.
gallica, have been extensively used thus far, and probably but
three or four others have formed a basis for roses in active
cultivation today. (I refer last above to the Multiflora, Wich-
uraiana, Gallica and Rugosa species.)

So far as I know, Dr. Van Fleet, surely a "Master Servant of
Nature," has pioneered past the frontiers of former experiments,
and has operated in a field otherwise little explored. Cin-
namomea, Hugonis, Alpina, Microphylla, Xanthina, are names
grown familiar to those who have visited his experiment plot
near Washington, D. C. Roses from far-off Siberia, China, and
the Himalayas; also Sericea, Bracteata, Ecse, Rubiginosa, and
Villosa; these are the species with which he works.

Released for his task (a labor of many years) by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, and in particular by Prof. L. C. Corbett, of
the Bureau of Plant Industry; aided by the far-reaching arms
of the Federal Bureau of Foreign Plant Introduction; during
wartime spading the ground round his pets with his own two
hands, and alone, except as he was spurred by the heroic spirit
of a life-long companion; after years of patience unbelievable,

(32)

DISTRIBUTION OF VAN FLEET ROSES 33

and with toil that will never be known; now at last the great
growing rose public are to be invited to share in the rewards of
this labor. I write literally; little else does the hybridizer get.

It must be understood that at Bell Experiment Palt there
are no facilities for extended propagation, nor would it be proper
to divert a moment of the master-worker's time to such per-
functory work. The Bureau of Plant Industry desires, as does
Dr. Van Fleet himself, to get his "new creations" in roses to
the public by an arrangement that will permit them to be tested
out at practically the cost of propagation and dissemination.
The hybridizer has no royalty, no profit, in any distribution;
as he writes, "My compensation, with which I will be more than
satisfied, lies in the opportunity of furthering interest in hardy
roses for home planting."

To meet this situation, and in line with the announcement
on page 30 of the 1920 Annual, in a letter from Dr. Wm. A.
Taylor, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, the American
Rose Society has agreed to a tentative arrangement for helping
to get these roses into proper circulation. The Society is incor-
porating as a corporation "not for profit," in order to make a
proper contract with the Federal Department of Agriculture.

It is not contemplated to engage directly either in propagat-
ing or in selling the three new rose varieties ready for distribu-
tion, but instead to offer them to suitable growers in an equi-
table fashion, with a limit date for dissemination and a limit
price for sale, and upon the understanding that any remainder of
funds to the American Rose Society shall be devoted to further-
ing rose research.

Several years must elapse before plants of the new roses are
generally available, it should be understood. Meantime, de-
scriptions furnished by Dr. Van Fleet are appended, giving an
idea of the first three varieties expected to be sent out.

1. W. C. 124- R- Wichuraiana x a pink Hybrid Tea. Pillar rose type.
Makes a fine, strong, self-supporting rose 6 to 8 feet high, with large, glossy
foliage, resistant at Bell to all diseases. Blooms with great freedom in spring
and bears a considerable number of fine buds in summer and fall. Flowers
well-formed, semi-double, bright, clear rose-pink, with salmon base to the
petals; the largest in size of any Wichuraiana hybrid, generally exceeding 4
inches in diameter. Hardy; readfly propagated. (See plate VI, facing page 32.)

2. W. C. 237. R. Wichuraiana x a Hybrid Tea. Pillar or bedding type.
Lower grower with longer canes than W. C. 124. Needs some support as a

34 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

pillar or as a low, mound-like bedder. Foliage dark, glossy, and disease-resist-
ant. Excessively floriferous, the large, luminous cherry-red blooms covering
the entire plant in spring. The rich color stands out distinct from all other
roses of its class.

3. The third variety has not been assigned a number. Parentage: Silver
Moon X Isabella Sprunt. Climbing or pillar type. Glossy foliage and habit
of Silver Moon but probably less rampant in growth. Bears a profusion of
long, elegantly formed buds, light canary-yellow with deeper center, on long
stems. Open blooms cream-white, more double than Silver Moon. Appears
hardier than either parent. A valuable florist's rose, as the buds last long in
perfect condition.

Our Native Roses

By CHAS. E. F. GERSDORFF, Washington, D. C.
(With drawings by the Author)

Editor's Note. — Far too little use is made in our broad landscape plant-
ings of the lovely "wild" roses with which our land is furnished from ocean to
ocean and from the Gulf of Mexico to far north of the Great Lakes. Indeed,
many rose-lovers do not even know of them, or know more than one or two
species. In his carefully prepared text, and in his accurate and striking draw-
ings, Mr. Gersdorfl has set forward these admirable shrubs for the members of
the American Rose Society.

THE desirability of utilizing our native roses, commonly
called wild roses, for various purposes in landscape design,
as well as a cover for unsightly places, embankments, and
the like, is being gradually recognized by our landscape gar-
deners and rosarians. I believe that if the habits and beauty
of these wild roses had long since been realized they would have
been extensively availed of.

In the hope that they may come to be used more widely in
garden and other plantings, I have compiled the following list,
with full descriptions, giving the native habitat and the assumed
adaptability to the various conditions of garden and landscape
design.

As these roses vary in height and habit of growth, they may
be used for greatly varying purposes. They can be grown in
situations where few other plants would survive. There are
species found all over this country, so that no section need be
without them. They will not, with few exceptions, lend them-
selves to garden culture such as is given the hybrid roses. They
need no petting, but do best when allowed to grow as in their
native habitat.

OUR NATIVE ROSES

35

In planting for landscape effect, it seems best to mix the
varieties. A combination of different kinds breaks up a monoto-
nous color scheme.^* Dr. Wilhelm Miller^ suggests that, in
regions overrun by the rose bug, it is best to use species with
dark-colored flowers. The bugs are worst in sandy regions.

The wild species are noted for their long life,^ and when
planted this fact should be borne in mind. Never make the
error of planting the wrong kind; be sure to select the ones which
will grow where
planted, and they
will maintain them-
selves without special
cultivation. Particu-
larly should they be
freely used in parks,
where, if properly
labeled, they will
serve not only to
decorate but to edu-
cate.

The following are
the most commonly
grown. With these
I have grouped two species which, though they are not natives,
are so thoroughly naturalized that I believe they should be
included.

Rosa blanda (Smooth Rose). Syns: R. virginiana (not the true
R. virginiana) ; R. fraxinifolia. Slender stems, 5 feet high, with few
slender prickles or unarmed. Leaflets 5 to 7, 3^ to 2^/^ inches long.
Flowers usually several; pink; 2 to 23^ inches across. Fruit globular,
sometimes elongated. Blooms in May and June. Found from New-
foundland to New York, west to Wisconsin and Illinois;^' ^ also in
Oregon near the sea.^

Rosa blanda Willmottioe. Stems red; leaflets smaller; flowers bright
coral-pink.*

Rosa Carolina (Carolina Rose). Syns: R. humilis; R. parvijlora;
R. virginiana humilis; R. Lyonii. Shrub 3 feet and sometimes to 6 feet
high, spreading by means of numerous suckers, with slender prickles
and usually numerous bristles. Leaflets 5 to 7, resembling R. virginiana,
but narrower, thinner, and not shining. Flowers often solitary; pink.

*The number references are to the Bibliography on page 43.

/?OSA BLA/VDA

36

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Blooms in June. Found from Maine to Georgia, west to Wisconsta
and Oklahoma.'*' ^

Rosa Carolina florida. Has less hairy leaves than the type.^

Rosa Carolina grandiflora. Syn: R. humilis grandiflora. Flowers
2 inches across; leaflets larger.*

Rosa Carolina triloba. Syn: R. humilis triloba. Petals are three-
lobed.4

Rosa Carolina vUlosa. Syn: R. humilis villosa. Has thicker leaves.*

ROSA CAROL/ A/A

Rosa nitida (Shining Rose). Low, upright shrub, Ij^ feet high;
branches covered with straight prickles and numerous bristles. Leaflets

7 to 9, narrowly oblong, bright green and shining above, 3^ to 1 inch
long. Flowers usually solitary, pink, 1 to 2 inches across on slender
stems. Blooms in Jime and July. Found from Newfoundland to
Massachusetts.*' ^ To be found along margins of swamps and other
low places.^

Rosa palustris (Swamp Rose). Syns: R. Carolina (not the true
R. Carolina); R. corymbosa; R. pennsylvanica. Upright shrub, attaining

8 feet, with slender stems. Leaflets usually 7, elliptic to narrow oblong,
^ to 2 inches long. Flowers pink and usually in corymbs, about 2
inches across. Fruit about 3^ inch high. Blooms from Jime to August.
Found from Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to Florida and Mississippi,
preferring swampy or moist ground.*

OUR NATIVE ROSES

37

Rosa palustris Nuttal-
liana. Has larger flowers
appearing later and until
September.*

Rosa setigera (Prairie
Rose). Shrub attaining 6
feet, with long, prickly, slen-
der recurving or climbing
branches. Leaflets 3 to 5, 1
to 3 inches long. Flowers \
in rather few-flowered cor-
ymbs, deep rose fading to
whitish, about 2 inches
across; almost scentless.
Fruit globular, }/^ iach
across. Blooms m. Jiuie and
July. Occurs from Ontario
and Wisconsin to Texas and
Florida.-*

Rosa setigera tomentosa.
Syn: R. rubrifolia. Leaves
more hairy beneath. Cor-
ymbs with more but smaller
flowers .■*

Rosa virginiana (Virgiaia
Rose). Syns: R. lucida; R.
humUis lucida. Shrub 6 feet
high with few or no suckers, prickles sometimes hooked. Leaflets 7 to
9, dark green and shining above, thickish, H to Ij^ inches long. Flow-
ers usually few or solitary, bright pink, about 2 inches across. Fruit
J^ inch high, depressed globular. Blooms June and July. Foimd from

Newfoundland to New
York and Pennsylvania;*
western states, from Ohio
to Louisiana, Arkansas,
and Alabama.® Well ad-
apted for borders of shrub-
beries; handsome in sum-
mer with its shiaing foliage
and bright pink flowers,
and ornamental ia winter
with its fruits.*

Rosa virginiana alba.
Has white flowers and
green stamens.*

Rosa virginiana plena.
Syn : R. rapa. Has double
flowers.*

/?OSA

V/RG/NJAm

38 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

NATURALIZED ROSES

Rosa hracteata (Macartney Rose). Syn: R. Macartnea. From China
and Formosa. Usually low-growing, with stout, hooked prickles.
Flowers one or few, short-stalked, white, 2 to 2^ inches across. Blooms
June to October. Naturalized in Florida and Louisiana. Handsome
half-evergreen climber. Not hardy north.*' ^

Rosa Icevigata (Cherokee Rose). Syns: R. sinica; R. cherokensis;
R. ternata; R. nivea; R. Camellia; and Cherokee Rose. From China, For-
mosa, and Japan, naturalized in
ij, southern states. High climber;

slender green prickly branches.
Flowers solitary, white and rarely
rose, 23^2 to 33^ inches across;
fragrant. Blooms in June. Not
hardy north.'*' ^

The less - known species,
some of which are decidedly
beautiful and very desirable for
use in the landscape, etc., are
given here.

Rosa acicularis. Stems low,
densely prickly. Leaflets 3 to 7,
broadly elliptic to narrow oblong,
3^ to 2 inches long. Flowers soli-
tary, deep rose, 1^/2 to 2 inches
across; fragrant. Fruit 3^ to 1
inch long. Blooms in May and
June. Found from Alaska to
Ontario and Colorado.'*

Rosa acicularis Bourgeauiana.
Syns: R. Sayi; R. acicularis Sayi.
R05A CALIFORN/CA Leaflets glandular and downy
beneath. Flowers larger, often
23^ inches across. Fruit usually
globular. Ontario to British Columbia and Colorado.*

Rosa acicularis Engelmannii. Syn : R. Engelmannii. Similar to pre-
ceding. Fruit oblong, to 1 inch long. Colorado to British Columbia.*
Rosa arkansana. Has glabrous foliage. Found in Colorado.*
Rosa calif ornica (California Rose). Stems 8 feet high, with stout
hooked or straight prickles, often bristly. Leaflets 5 to 7, downy beneath
or on both sides, often glandular, 3^ to 13^ inches long. Flowers on
slender, usually small stems over 1 inch across, few or several in dense
corymbs, pink. Fruit usually with prominent neck. Blooms from June
to August. British Columbia to California.*

Rosa cinnamomea (Cinnamon Rose). Stems slender, 6 feet high.

OUR NATIVE ROSES

39

with hooked prickles; flowering branches sometimes unarmed. Leaflets
5 to 7, sometimes 3, on leaves of flowering branchlets, oblong, dull
green, densely downy beneath, K to 13^ inches long. Flowers solitary
or few, purple, about 2 inches across, on short naked pedicels. Fruit
depressed globular, scarlet. May and June.^ Shores of the Oregon
and from the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie River .^

Rosa foliolosa. Low shrub 1^ feet high; stems with rather few
slender prickles, sometimes almost unarmed. Leaflets 7 to 9, narrow
oblong, bright green and shining above, downy beneath on midrib,
3^ to 1 inch long. Flowers solitary or few, pink, about 1^ inches
across, pedicels and receptacle smooth ^ — ,

or sparingly glandular hairy. Fruit </^N

globular. Blooms in May and June. w \?

/?05A fOUOLOSA

ROSA GYMA/OCARPA

Arkansas and Oklahoma to Texas. A handsome dwarf shrub with
graceful foliage.*' ^' ^

Rosa gratissima (Fragrant-leaved Rose). Allied to R. calif ornica.
Leaflets smooth, bright green, thin, glandular and fragrant. Found in
California.*

Rosa gymnocarpa. Slender stems, attaining 10 feet, with straight,
slender prickles and bristles. Leaflets 5 to 9, broadly elliptic to oblong,
J^ to 1 inch long. Flowers solitary, on short lateral branchlets, pale
pink, about 1 inch across. Fruit orange-red, globular, small; calyx
drops before maturity. Blooms in June and July. British Columbia
to California east to Montana.*' ^ Found in shady woods of Oregon.^' ^

40 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rosa heliophila. Syn: R. pratincola (not the true R. pratincola).
Low shrub to 2 feet. Stems very prickly, usually green. Leaflets 7 to 11,
1 to 1^ inches long. Flowers in corymbs, pink, 1 to 13^ inches across.
Fruit globular, H to J^ inch across, red. Blooms in June. Manitoba
to Montana south to Missouri and Texas prairies. Adapted to dry
slopes and barren places.^

Rosa heliophila alba. Has white flowers about 2 inches across.*

Rosa illinoiensis. Stems much branched; prickles straw-colored,
slender, spreading, straight, unequal, a few in pairs. Leaflets 7, small,
broadly oblong, obtuse, simply serrated, 3^ to 3^ inch long, glabrous
on both sides. Flowers solitary, petals large, pure white, 3^ inch long.
Native of the bare rocky districts of La Salle County, 111. Habit like
R. spinosissima.^

Rosa MacDougalii. Stems brown, much branched; prickles numer-
ous, unequal, straight, spreading. Leaflets 5 to 7, small, oblong, obtuse,
}/2 inch long, simply toothed, glabrous both sides. Flowers solitary,
petals pink, middle size, styles very hairy. Found in the mountains
of Montana and Idaho at a height of 3,000 feet. Habit resembles
R. spinosissima.^

Rosa Macounii. Allied to R. Woodsii. Low shrub with rather stout
deflexed prickles. Flowers small, pale pink. From Assiniboia to
Wyoming.'*

Rosa minutifolia. Dense shrub to 4 feet high. Branchlets downy,
with slender brown prickles. Leaflets 5 to 7, 3^ to 3^ inch long. Flowers
short-pedicelled, pink or white, about 1 inch across. Fruit hairy.
April and May. California. Tender.*

Rosa mirifica. Upright shrub, 3 to 4 feet. Stems green, with slender,
yellowish white prickles and numerous bristles. Leaflets light green,
3^ to ^ inch long. Flowers solitary, deep rose-purple, 13^ to 3 inches
across. Fruit wrinkled, dull red, prickly, 3^ to ^ inch across. April
and May. Flowers again in August. Found in New Mexico, the White
and Sacramento Mountains. This is one of the most beautiful and the
most strikingly distinct of the American species. Not hardy north.*

Rosa mohavensi^. Stems much branched; prickles slender, straight,
spreading, very unequal, some in pairs. Leaflets 5 to 7, oblong, obtuse
or subacute, 3^ to ^ inch long, firm in texture, simply toothed, glabrous
on both surfaces. Flowers solitary, petals smaU, pink, ^ inch long.
Fruit globular, naked, crowned with persistent sepals. Native of
mountains of southern California. Has the habit of R. spinosissima}

Rosa nutkana. Stems stout, 5 feet high with usually straight prickles
and sometimes bristly. Leaflets 5 to 7, or sometimes 9 on some shoots,
3^ to 2 inches long. Flowers usually solitary, pink, 2 to 23^ inches
across. Fruit globular without neck. June and July. From Alaska
to Oregon and Utah. Has the largest flowers of the western species.*' *

Rosa nutkana hispida. The receptacle is covered with bristly
glandular hairs.*

Rosa pinetorum. Stems much branched; prickles very slender,
straight, spreading, unequal, some in pairs. Leaflets 5 to 7, few.

OUR NATIVE ROSES

41

oblong, obtuse, simply toothed, very thin, M to 3^ inch long, glabrous
on both sides. Flowers solitary, petals middle sized, pink, Ij^ inches
long. Fruit small, globular, red, crowned with persistent sepals. Found
in the pine woods of Monterey County, California. Habit comes
nearest to R. gymnocarpa.^

Rosa pisocarpa. Stems thin, with slender, straight or ascending
prickles, without bristles, sometimes unarmed. Leaflets 5 to 7, 3^ to
13^ inches long. Flowers pink, about 1 inch across on short, usually
smooth pedicels in several- to many-flowered corymbs. Fruit globular
)M7? with a very short neck. June to August. British Col-
(\ umbia to Oregon.*

/?OS/l NUTKAiiA

ROSA P/iAT//VCOLA

Rosa pratincola. Almost herbaceous, 1 to 2 feet high, usually flow-
ering terminally and in corymbs from upright shoots of the season.
Bark of stem green and glaucous; the prickles dark purplish, all rather
slender and weak, a few larger and less slender than others, all straight,
spreading or slightly deflexed. Leaves very ample for the plant;
leaflets 7 to 11, obovate and oblong-obovate, sharply toothed. Native
of the prairie regions of the west to northwest from Illinois and Missouri
to the Dakotas and Manitoba, in eastern Kansas and Nebraska, but
not in Colorado or near its borders. Color of flowers rosy crimson.^

R. sonomensis. Allied to R. californica. Low shrub to 1 foot.
Straight prickles. Flowers small, in dense corymbs. Leaflets broad.
California.*

Rosa spitkamea. Allied to R. californica. Stems usually not over
3^ foot high, sparingly branched. Leaflets doubly glandular-serrate.
Flowers usually solitary. California.*

42

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rosa stellata. Upright shrub to 2 feet. Stems with whitish prickles.
Leaflets usually 3, downy on both sides, somewhat rough above,
34 to 1 3/^ inches long. Flowers
solitary, deep rose-purple, 1^ to
234 inches across. Fruit prickly.
April and May. New Mexico, the
Organ and San Andreas Moun-
tains. Not hardy north.'*

Rosa Woodsii. Stems to
3 feet high, with slender,
straight or recurved prickles,
often bristly. Leaflets 5 to 7,
or sometimes 9, ^ to 13^
inches long. Flowers in cor-
ymbs and solitary, pink,
rarely white, Ij^ to 2 inches
across, on very short, smooth
pedicels. Fruit globular,
with short neck. June and
July. Saskatchewan to Colo-
rado and Missouri.^' ^

Rosa Woodsii Fendleri.
Syn : R. Fendleri. Slenderer and often taller than type. Leaflets usually
smaller. Flowers and fruit somewhat smaller. British Columbia to west-
ern Texas and New Mexico.*' ^

WOODS//

SPECIES SUITABLE FOR PLANTING AS FAR NORTH AS
BRITISH COLUMBIA AND POSSIBLY ALASKA

For dry slopes and barren places — R. arkansana, R. heliophila,
R. heliophila alba, and R. illinoiensis. For shady woodlands — R. gymno-
carpa. For mixed groups the following should prove of value: R. cali-
fornica, R. cinnamomea, R. MacDougalii, R. nutkana, R. nutkana
hispida, R. pisocarpa, R. pratincola, R. Woodsii, and R. Woodsii
Fendleri. For hedges, plant R. calif ornica, R. cinnamomea, R. nutkana,
and R. nutkana hispida. For bank covers and roadside planting, use

OUR NATIVE ROSES 43

R. acicularis, R. acicularis Bourgeauiana, R. acicularis Engelmannii,
R. blanda, R. hlanda Willmottice, and R. virginiana. R. setigera and
R. setigera tomentosa should be used for covering fences, walls, pergo-
las, and the like.

SPECIES ADAPTABLE TO REGIONS HAVING CLIMATES LIKE
OUR NORTHERN STATES SOUTHWARD TO MEXICO

For pergolas, summer-houses, roadside fences, and the like, use
R. setigera and R. setigera tomentosa. For mixed groups, the following
should be useful : R. hlanda, R. blanda WillmotticB, R. calif ornica, R. cin-
namomea, R. foliolosa, R. heliophila, R. heliophila alba, R. MacDougalii,
R. Macounii, R. nutkana, R. nutkana hispida, R. pisocarpa, R. pratin-
cola, R. virginiana, R. virginiana alba, R. virginiana plena, R. Woodsii,
and R. Woodsii Fendleri.

As suitable for hedges, I name the following: R. calif ornica, R. nut-
kana, R. nutkana hispida, R. virginiana, R. virginiana alba, and
R. virginiana plena. For low hedges, R. foliolosa.

For dry slopes and barren places, railroad embankments, and low
hedges, plant R. arkansana, R. heliophila, R. heliophila alba, and R.
illinoiensis. For naturalization in shady woodlands, plant R. gymno-
carpa.

In low, wet places the following will find a congenial home : R. nitida,
R. palustris, and R. palustris Nuttalliana.

For bank-covers, railroad embankments, and roadside planting use
the following: R. acicularis, R. acicularis Bourgeauiana, R. acicularis
Engelmannii, R. blanda, R. blanda Willmottice, R. Carolina, R. Carolina
florida, R. Carolina grandiflora, R. Carolina triloba, and R. Carolina
villosa.

SPECIES WHICH CAN BE GROWN ONLY IN SUB-TROPICAL

REGIONS

In groups or as solitary specimens: R. mirifica and R. stellata. For
banks and roadsides : R. bracteata.

For pergolas, summer-houses, old trees, and fences: R. Icevigata.

SPECIES ADAPTED ONLY TO CLIMATES LIKE CALIFORNIA

For mixed groups : R. gratissima, R. minutifolia, R. sonomensis,
and R. spithamea. For hedges: R. minutifolia and R. mohavensis will
be found useful. For shady woodlands use R. pinetorum.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Roses in the Landscape, by Charles Downing Lay, American Rose Annual, 1916, pp. 14-17.

2. The Use of the Rose in the Landscape, by Wilhelm Miller, American Rose Annual,

1917, p. 15.

3. Roses in Broad Landscape Planting, by Warren H. Manning, American Rose Annual,

1918, p. 22.

4. Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, Vol. 5, Ed. 1916.

5. The Genus Rosa, Ellen Willmott, 1910-11.

6. Flora of North America, Torrey and Gray, Vol. 1.

Rosifying American Highways

By CHARLES G. ADAMS
Secretary Auburn Rose Society, Auburn, N. Y.

Editor's Note. — What a change from the engineer's ideal of a treeless, pole-
bordered straight steak between towns is Mr. Adams' conception of the rosified
highway ! If the idea is at all thoughtfully developed, it can more rapidly make
the rose universal in America than any other one idea. If properly handled, it
would mean easier and better roadside maintenance, free from the devastating
scythe of the average road "supervisor," who has for generations been exter-
minating the lovely natural roadside flora in favor of the briars which are spared
and the burdocks that are not injured by his stupid efforts ! The right roses will
possess the roadsides, to their enormous advantage.

The article on "Rose in Railroad Economics," printed on page 43 of the
1920 Annual, bears on this proposition.

AUTOMOBILES and improved roads have opened up the
J;\_ whole country to the people, which facts suggest oppor-
tunities for certain improvements that were impracticable
before the advent of the present tremendous highway traffic.

After a delightful late summer trip through the "Finger
Lake Region" in the heart of New York, from my home city
of Auburn, to the beautiful rose-test gardens at Cornell Uni-
versity, in Ithaca, — about 40 miles distant over state high-
ways— I had a vision of what a wonderful transformation would
come about if the state highways could be bordered with suit-
able roses. One who has traveled in Florida on highways
through acres of orange groves, laid out in squares, the nearly
white sandy soil contrasting with the dark green foliage of the
orange tree, loaded down with rich, golden yellow fruit, receives
an impression never to be forgotten; yet this could not compare
with the great beauty, fragrance, and attractiveness that we
could attain in the northern states in the month of June, amid
the wealth of scenery in fields and forests, jeweled lakes, spark-
ling rivers, and mountains with their winding roads, if those
roads were bordered with suitable roses.

The first inquiry is. Is it possible.'' Yes; it is possible.

First, we have the climate, soil, and natural environment in
beautiful and appropriate surroundings. We now have hardy
roses, variously adapted to such an effort. Then we have an
organization in the American Rose Society which might pro-
pose the whole plan of operation.

(44)

ROSIFYING AMERICAN HIGHWAYS 45

Will we rise to this opportunity? The answer, I believe, is
in the affirmative! Everything big is accomplished in units.
"Every little bit makes a little bit more."

How can this fine object be accomplished? Here is my pre-
scription ! First, organize a rose society in your own community,
becoming at once identified with the American Rose Society,
so that its official force is at your service. Get the members to
planning a rose show for the June-time of 1921, and have such
a show, free to the public, and in an easily reached place, even
if you have but a dozen exhibits. At the show, talk about the
climbers on exhibition as the sorts that would make lovely a
certain section of a nearby highway.

Of course, your members, through affiliation, would have the
American Rose Annual, which I regard as absolutely essential
to every rose-grower, and which is sure to keep ahead of the
crowd on this road rosification movement.

Get every grange, chamber of commerce (the Auburn Cham-
ber of Commerce has already endorsed the plan), Rotary club,
Kiwanis club, and civic society (such as the active Finger Lake
Association of Central New York, which have already taken
favorable action), to do just a little each year. An appropria-
tion of even $10 yearly from each organization, when expended
judiciously by a competent committee that will work without
cost, or under the supervision of the local rose society, will
soon begin to transform the highways treated.

Individual property owners along the highways will soon
cooperate, especially after a ride through an improved section.
Begin by selecting an attractive section of a state road, and
plant hardy roses, particularly climbing roses, and at first on the
sloping banks of a "cut." Never plant near dangerous crossings
where they will attract the attention of traffic from railroads
or sharp turns. Keep well in the sunlight.

Use care in planting; don't set the roses in isolated spots
where they will be left to die, but put them in a friendly environ-
ment where rose-lovers will promise to give them a little atten-
tion each spring, keeping the heavy weeds and grass away.

The Auburn Rose Society has the honor of having the first
organization to put this plan in practical operation, having
already had set, in the fall of 1920, a quantity of suitable plants

46 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

under the supervision of a competent committee. In a certain
Pennsylvania city a rather remote parkway has a slope on its
north side planted with Crimson Ramblers, set out ten years
ago. Hundreds of motorists make the out-of-the-way trip every
June to see these roses in bloom. The people will come, and
will enjoy, and will pay and help, in any community.

Ask the newspapers to help; they will gladly print the story
of such an effort for the good of all. Make a start this spring.

President Pyle, of the American Rose Society, has brought
to my attention the following clipping from the Philadelphia
Bulletin, which fits the situation :

One of the main roads running out of the city of Los Angeles is lined on
either side, for a distance of more than twenty miles, with rose bushes, over
eight thousand settings being required. The average road-building engineer
would call that a luxury — possibly a folly. A few years ago an appropriation
was made on one of the eastern railroads for the planting of rambling roses
along embankments and cuts beside the right of way on its main line for a
distance of many miles, and "practical" railroad men called it foolishness,
although patrons of the road found in the beauty of the flowers something to
take their minds off other incidentals of their journey that were more "practical"
but nevertheless neglected.

Beauty and utility often merge. Ordinarily they can be made to cooperate.
It isn't necessary that a railroad route should be a road-bed and nothing more,
and that nature's deficiency in scenic attraction should be aggravated by eye-
sores of negligence or design. Nor is there good reason why beauty and the
eye for it should not be served "on the side," in road-building, at least to the
extent of providing the "setting" of shady green.

President S. E. Hillger, of the Auburn Rose Society, suggests
the following native or species roses, in addition to the hardy
climbers, of which most are suitable. The Editor tells me that
Mrs. M. H. Walsh is a better trailer for slopes and banks than
Rosa Wichuraiana, and that the wonderful railroad-slope plant-
ings along the Pennsylvania and the New Haven roads are
largely of Dorothy Perkins and similar roses, such as Excelsa,
and others that form long shoots rather than heavy canes.
Experiment in sorts; a try-out is the way to get the right sorts
for your particular locality. Here are good shrub roses :

Rosa spinosissima altaica; Hybrid Noisette, Mme. Plantier; R. rubiginosa
(Sweetbriar) ; R. Carolina (humilis); R. virginiana (lucida); R. multiflora
cathayensis (a fine trailer); R. setigera (our eastern wild rose); R. blanda;
R. nitida; R. cinnamomea; R. rubrifolia; R. rugosa (both red and white).

Rose Stocks and Root Systems

By H. HAROLD HUME, Glen St. Mary, Fla.

Editor's Note. — In this article Prof. Hume has opened up a subject of the
utmost importance to American rose-life. We have been taking oiu- rose fashions
and our rose stocks almost wholly from Europe, and even under the confusion
and inequities of Quarantine 37 there were imported into the United States for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920, some 3,514,636 rose stocks for American
use, without any actual study or investigation as to their peculiar adaptability
to the climate or the conditions of their use. (See "Rose Notes" for details.)

The setting forth of the problem in the pages that follow, and the qualifying
illustrations on Plates VII and VIII, ought to put the problem at least in shape
for study.

It is the earnest desire of the American Rose Society to foster the study and
the testing suggested by Prof. Hume. Many thoughtful growers are interested
both for the rose advantage that might result and for the great commercial
relationship possible in the production here of the millions of unconsidered stocks
now being imported. At present prices, these imported stocks have a value of
more than a quarter of a million dollars.

The Editor seeks correspondence on the subject of rose stocks. It is already
possible to obtain certain very interesting trial stocks.

THE question as to whether roses on their own roots or
grafted upon some rose stock are best, is often discussed,
and the end of this discussion has not yet been reached.
Possibly it never will be. In such a matter, it is unwise to take
the position that there is only one side to it.

When talking or writing about rose-growing in Americd,
we sometimes forget that the area available covers the continent,
that our soils and climate vary greatly, and that in consequence
practices, varieties, and roots which give abundant satisfaction
in one place may not be at all satisfactory in another. The
problems confronting the rose-grower, whether amateur or
professional, may be, and indeed are, quite unlike in different
sections of the country. They are just as varied as are the local
conditions.

But, looking at rose-growing in a broad way, and from
the standpoint of one so located that budded or grafted roses
must be used or roses not grown at all, there can be little ques-
tion but that a given number of roses worked (i. e. budded or
grafted) on a well-adapted vigorous stock will give more uniform
satisfaction over wide areas than if the same number be grown
on their own roots. Select at random, if you will, twenty -five

(47)

48 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Tea and Hybrid Tea roses on their own roots, and you will
probably have twenty-five different root types or systems or
developments — whatever you like to call them.

It is the common aim of everyone interested in roses to make
their culture surer, easier, and simpler. Certainly if roses are to
be produced under widely different soil conditions (to mention
only one factor) — poor soil, rich soil, wet soil, dry soil, compact
soil, open soil, or what not — and we can find stocks on which
they may be grown satisfactorily and which at the same time
adapt themselves to these different soil conditions, the whole
problem is greatly simplified. If our root system is adapted to
many different kinds of soil (with "kinds" used in its widest
sense), then we have reduced those soils to a common basis by
the simple expedient of growing roses on that root system.

But some may say, "Why, you can make the soil any way
you want to!" Well, maybe you can and maybe you can't; it
depends much upon who you are and where you live. You
may be many miles from clay, and a lean pocketbook may keep
you still farther removed from many of the materials entering
into rose-bed recipes. If a rose stock is adapted to a large number
of different rose varieties, which, if grown on their own roots,
must of necessity have many different kinds of root systems,
then we have made all these roses uniform in a very vital part
of their makeup by the process of putting them on a common
root system. A properly adjusted stock certainly makes for
uniformity, both in its relation to the soil and to the top worked
upon it.

Grant that the root system of a rose is half the plant (it is
not less) ; then one-half of all the roses grown in America, whether
in nursery, park, or garden, are underground. Our effort in
development has been directed largely to the upper half of the
rose, to its vigor of growth, to its habit, to the blooms it bears,
to the insects and fungi that attack it, and we have not given to
the lower half of the rose the attention it merits. But if we are
to succeed with that fullness of success which so many of us
devoutly desire, then to this underground half of the rose,
none the less important because out of sight, we must give a
much larger share of attention. A complete and painstaking
survey of the whole problem in different parts of the country is

Left: Miss Cynthia Forde, on Japanese Multiflora seedling
Right: T. F. Crozier, on California Manetti cutting

Plate VII. To illustrate "Rose Stocks and Root Systems," page 47

Left: Rugosa cutting

Right: Louis Philippe i-yr. own root; good root system

Plate VIII. To illustrate "Rose Stocks and Root Systems," page 47

ROSE STOCKS AND ROOT SYSTEMS 49

very much needed, and necessary to a wide forward movement
in open-ground rose-culture.

How may we gauge the merits of a rose stock? By the re-
quirements which it has to meet and the way it meets them?
Among the points involved, the following are important :

1. It should be easily secured or propagated from seeds or
cuttings.

2. It should be easily worked, i. e., budded or grafted.

3. It should be vigorous and long-lived.

4. It should be adapted to a wide range of soil conditions.

5. It should be able to grow prosperously in widely different
climates.

6. It should be adapted to a large number of strains and
varieties of roses.

7. It should be disease-resistant.

8. It should not sprout readily from the root or from parts
of the stem below the bud or graft union.

Some discussion of these several requirements will not be
out of place, for we must have a clear conception of what we
want before we can secure it or know that we have it if already
in hand. (It may seem strange that frequently we do not
recognize the value of materials in plant work which are already
in hand, as we shall presently see.)

1. There is, of course, no use in writing about growing within
our own borders the quantities of roses needed in America on
some stock which is difficult to propagate or which cannot be
secured readily. It is a well-known fact that rose seeds of many
kinds do not germinate quickly or uniformly, and it is equally
well known that many sorts are difficult to root from cuttings.
If the stock proposed will root easily from cuttings, the problem
is simplified, because in many parts of the country the cuttings
may be planted out in the field, grown for a year, and then grafted.
The use of specially prepared beds, or of bottom heat, would
militate against the use of any variety requiring such treatment.
Some sorts may make very fine stocks in a small way, but we
are approaching the problem from the standpoint of a rose for
every American yard, a dozen for every garden. Given good
soil preparation and equally favorable conditions, the stock
which, for instance, would give a 90 per cent stand from cut-

50 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

tings would be decidedly more valuable in this particular than
one from which only 50 per cent of living plants could be secured.

2. Those who have propagated roses in a large way, know
that not all varieties are equally easy to grow and it is also true
that all stocks are not equally easy to bud or graft upon. Side
by side, under the same conditions, one stock may give 50 per
cent of living grafts while another will give 75 to 90 per cent.
The same is equally true of budding. Some roses of possible
value as stocks have very thin, brittle bark; they are conse-
quently difficult to bud and graft, and must take second place
to those more easily handled. This point and the previous one
may not at first glance appeal to the ordinary rose planter, yet
they both have an important bearing on quantity rose produc-
tion, and upon the price which must be paid for first-class
bushes.

3. Lacking vigor, a stock is worthless, and vigor and long
life are very closely inter-related. Vigor means that it has the
ability to overcome unfavorable conditions, to grow in spite of
them. Vigor of growth is dependent upon good, deep, widespread
root development with plenty of foraging power, and dependent
upon foliage that can do its share, with the root, in making a
plant. If a rose stock under consideration is a weak grower,
away with it ! It must be able to take care of vigorous growing
tops worked upon it; it must also be able to put life and vigor
into the weak sorts entrusted to its care.

4. A rose stock should not be particular in its soil require-
ments. Of course we can, in a large measure, make the soil what
we will, and the rose-lover will go to any extreme to do so, but
how much simpler it would be to do away with all that, plant the
rose in any reasonable soil, and forget about any special prep-
arations. Impossible? Be not so sure of that, at least in some
parts of the country! Neither be sure of its impossibility in
all parts of the country if we knew more about rose stocks.

With some kinds of roses, "always in growth is always in
bloom" is true, and such a condition is quite possible in some
parts of our country. The right stock will help greatly in keeping
up growth and bloom.

So far as known we have no alkali-resistant rose stock. The
finding of such a stock would be worth while.

ROSE STOCKS AND ROOT SYSTEMS 51

5. Glance at the rose-zone map published in the 1920
Rose Annual. It is very instructive. While it deals with
varieties it has equal force as applied to stocks. The problem
would be greatly simplified from the standpoint of the rose
propagator if one stock would do equally well in all sections.
But this is hardly to be expected, and it may be necessary to
work out stocks for each rose zone, although the adaptability
of roses to different climates is remarkable. In passing, it may
be pointed out that there is no basic difference in hardiness in a
variety grown on the same stock, regardless of where it may be
grown. A Frau Karl Druschki rose on Manetti stock is not
different in hardiness whether it be grown in California, New
Jersey, Ohio, or Florida. (There is probably not much to be
gained by using a stock more hardy, i. e., more dormant or less
affected by heat impact, than the top worked upon it, but the
stock should at least be as hardy as the top.)

6. If Hybrid Perpetuals had to be grown on one stock,
Hybrid Teas on another. Teas on another. Noisettes on another,
Polyanthas on still another, and so on, a very complicated situa-
tion would be created for the large grower of grafted roses. A rose
stock adapted to many kinds of roses has decided advantages.

7. In growing thrifty rose stocks, disease-resistance is
important. Freedom from rose spot and other fungous diseases
is a very desirable item. Again, in the lower South, where on
lighter soils root nematodes are very common, a rose stock very
susceptible to their attacks is worthless. This is not a local
problem by any means; it almost covers whole states, and
affects large parts of many states.

8. The stock should not sprout readily from any part. One
of the objections to grafted roses (and one over-emphasized at
that !) has been that they sprout from below the union. Some
stocks are more prone to do this than others. With some stocks
it scarcely ever happens. Of course, the cuttings from which
stocks are grown may be disbudded, but such work is no small
item of trouble and expense in handling large quantities of
cuttings.

To what has gone before may be added a few remarks on the

peculiarities of a few rose stocks and possible rose stocks.

Perhaps the most commonly used and most widely tried

52 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

out rose stock in America at this time is Manetti (Rosa chinensis).
It has a wide range of adaptabihty, both as pertaining to soil
and to chmate. It is used extensively as a rose stock in Cali-
fornia, Ohio, Florida, and in the East. It is largely used for
growing roses under glass. Cuttings root readily, producing a
moderate rather shallow root system, and the roots are pliable
— an advantage in packing. Manetti sprouts badly from below
the union unless disbudded.

Mme. Plantier (a form of Rosa chinensis) is not commonly
used, but at least one nursery firm has grown many thousands
of roses on this stock for years. It is more difficult to root under
open ground conditions than Manetti but produces a better
root system than that variety. Its crooked growth makes it
more difficult to graft, and it does not lend itself readily to
budding because of this same feature. But fine roses can be and
are grown upon it. The roots are quite brittle, and more easily
broken in packing and handling than are those of Manetti.
In vigor of growth imparted to the top it has some advantage
over Manetti.

The Cherokee rose has often been mentioned as a rose
stock, but no one who has tried it out extensively has said much
about it. The writer has tried one form of it, commonly known as
Double or Evergreen Cherokee, rather extensively. It is,
perhaps, a cross between Banksia and Cherokee. Noisette, Tea,
and Hybrid Tea roses have been worked on it with splendid
results. Roses grown on it outgrow and outbloom those on
Manetti and Mme. Plantier. For light, sandy soils this form
of Cherokee or the common White Cherokee (tried out less
extensively) have no superiors. In the lower South a rose-
bed, without any particular soil preparation, planted with
bushes on Cherokee stock, will do much better than one in
which the soil was made with the utmost care and without
regard to expense and planted with bushes on Manetti stock,
for instance.

There may be other stocks that will do as well, but up to this
time, so far as known, it has no equal. The roots go deep and
far. The three-year Manetti and the three-year Mme. Plantier
illustrated (see Plate VIII) had root systems extending over an
area of twenty-five square feet, the Mme. Plantier having a little

ROSE STOCKS AND ROOT SYSTEMS 53

the advantage. Both of these were transplanted when one year
old. The two-year Cherokee illustrated had roots covering
a hundred square feet of soil ! It had not been transplanted. Is
it any wonder that roses like Mme. Lambard, Radiance, Marie
Van Houtte grow as high as your head with trunks an inch or
more in diameter in a single season from the graft? As for bloom,
they never stop except when the weather gets cold enough to
check their growth.

The Double Cherokee is diflScult to root, and on account of
its thin bark, difficult to graft. The common White Cherokee is
more easily handled in these particulars; in fact, there is little
left to be desired. It is next to impossible to work other varieties
on it by budding; it must be grafted. The thorny branches are
formidable — the worst drawback in propagation — but that can
be taken care of. It does not sprout readily, and for the Tea and
Noisette rose area there is a strong probability that no better
stock will ever be found. Yet for years this rose stock (R.
laevigata) has gone unnoticed and untested. It is in no wise
particular as to soil or moisture; it is not subject to disease. It
has much to commend it. (The Cherokee, by the way, though
"wild" in many southern states, is not a native. It came
originally from China, Formosa and Japan.)

The Macartney rose {R. bracteata) does not look inviting as
a stock. It has the serious drawback of rooting readily from the
stems and throwing up many shoots from roots and underground
parts. It often becomes a veritable pest. Its thorns are quite
as formidable as are those of the Cherokee.

Rosa multiflora looks good. Some of the finest roses ever
grown in the South were grafted on Crimson Rambler. The
Japanese Multiflora seedling roots (see Plate VII) are abun-
dantly supplied with fibrous roots of good depth. It certainly
looks worth while, but we have not yet tested it here.

Rosa rugosa is useful for certain lines of rose propagation,
particularly for the growing of standards. It roots readily from
cuttings, producing roots all along the cutting from the surface
of the ground downward. (See Plate VIII.) Its hardiness is
beyond question. The serious drawback to its use as a rose stock
is its disposition to throw up many sprouts or suckers.

There are a number of other rose stocks in use. At least

54 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

three are known, but what they are is not known, as they have
not been critically studied.

Quite a number of roses not heretofore considered as possible
rose stocks are worth trying out. Empress of China, for instance,
looks as though it might be satisfactory. Fortune's Yellow is
also a possibility. Banksia is not likely to be worth while. Its
bark is too thin, and it does not root readily in open ground.

In this article, the main object in view has been to call
attention to the importance of rose stocks in the production of
American roses, and at the same time to emphasize how little
we really know about the question. In the foregoing paragraphs,
attention has been called to a number of stocks. But who in
America today can speak with any authority concerning their
behavior in different parts of the country? Who knows their
limitations as related to the varieties which may be grown upon
them.'' No one! No one can take the eight merit tests given
above and intelligently criticize the stocks now in use. No one
has yet undertaken to determine in a large and general way the
merits of many untried but perhaps worthy possibilities. It is
perhaps too difficult a problem for private solution.

What we need is a comprehensive and exhaustive test of rose
stocks in different parts of the country. It will not do to say that
every question can be answered, but if a rose-grower in each of
several states covering general rose-growing conditions will
agree to grow and test a half dozen or more available stocks for
soil, climate, and variety adaptations, and if this information
can then be brought together and studied in a critical way, we
can in a few seasons answer with some authority the question:
"What is the best rose stock to use in my part of the United
States?" The American Rose Society can undertake no more
worthy piece of work than this.

Again, if there are not satisfactory rose stocks for certain
conditions, there is no question but that they can be produced
just as surely as we can produce new varieties of roses to meet
certain requirements. It is a worth-while field for the rose
breeder. No one knows better than the writer how hard it is to
change fashions in plants, but new rose stocks must displace
some of the old rose stocks if we are to meet with real success.

OTHER POSSIBLE ROSE STOCKS 55^

Other Possible Rose Stocks

By THE EDITOR

CORRESPONDENCE concerning rose stocks has been
widespread for several years, and despite the admission of
European grown stocks without question under Quarantine
37, the disposition to produce in America suitable rose stocks for
America seems dominant. For example, Mr. S. W. Crowall,
of the extensive United States Nurseries at Roseacres, Miss.,
writes as follows under date of Feb. 9, 1921:

Possibly it may be of interest to you to know that Mr. James Brodie, Biloxi,
Miss., has used Baltimore Belle for a rose stock for many years, and, no doubt,
he can give you some interesting data covering the use of rose stocks for his
section. Some years ago I pm-chased several hundred Marechal Niel roses from
him, worked on Baltimore Belle, and after the season had closed we had possibly
ten plants unsold. These were planted out at points to grow on for cuttings
during summer, and I was amazed at the growth the plants made. Since that
time Mr. Brodie has been growing our Marechal Niels simply because he was
producing a better plant than we could possibly grow. All of the Noisettes seem
to take kindly to the Baltimore Belle stock, and other types apparently find
this also a congenial stock.

That California growers are very much alive on the stock
proposition is evidenced by the subjoined extract from a letter
dated March 23, 1920, and written by Mr. George C. Roeding,
of the California Nursery Co., Niles, Calif.:

This company has planted this year something over 2,000,000 rose-cuttings
at its plant at Niles, Calif. The variety which predominated in this planting is
the Manetti. In addition to this we have also planted a new Rosa canina, which
is particularly strong growing and makes fine long canes. It is a variety which
I secured when I was in Europe, in 1912, from Victor Teschendorff, Dresden,
Germany. In addition to this, we are growing Gloire des Rosomanes and De la
Griff eraie and a limited quantity of the Veilchenblau, which I have about con-
cluded is going to be a very desirable variety for standards because of its strong
canes. If we succeed in getting a good stand of cuttings, we expect to bud at
least three-quarter million roses this year. In addition to this, we will have a large
quantity of Manetti to sell, because we are planting several hundred thousand
cuttings rather close together with a view of having stocks to offer to the trade.

In the 1919 Annual, on page 40, Mr, Peter Bisset described
a climbing or pillar rose collected by the late Frank N. Meyer
in a garden at Paoting Fu, Chili Province, China and later
identified by Alfred Rehder, of the Arnold Arboretum, as a form
of R. odorata. It is known by the number 22,449, and has been
suggested as a rose stock because of its peculiarly easy rooting

56 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

quality and because of the facility with which it may be budded
or grafted. This R. odorata 22,449 has been in the Editor's
garden for several years, but has not flowered, because the
wood has been freely sent out for trial, and also because the
hard winter of 1919-20 killed it back to the ground, but not
injuring the roots. Its extraordinary ease of propagation and its
real vigor commend it for further and more orderly study.
An illustration of one propagating procedure was published in
connection with Mr. Bisset's article.

Writing recently concerning this 22,449 rose. Dr. Van Fleet
called attention to its disinclination to become dormant, which
would indicate its possible value for greenhouse use, as a stock
for winter-flowering roses.

Another stock possibility is suggested in a recent number of
Plant Immigrants (No. 164), issued by the Foreign Seed and
Plant Introduction Office of the Bureau of Plant Industry,
Department of Agriculture, in the following description of R.
coriifolia.

"Rosa coriifolia (Rosacese), 48,086. Rose. From Bell, Md. Presented by
Dr. W. Van Fleet. Var. Frobeli. A promising rose for budding or grafting
stock. This rose has been introduced through several sources under the name of
Rosa laxa. It was grown at the Arnold Arboretum under R. laxa for several
years. R. coriifolia is related to the common dog-rose, R. canina. It is a
stronger grower, with upright and nearly smooth stems. The flowers are
white, the fruit globose and red. The vigor and hardiness, together with its
upright and nearly smooth stems and lack of suckers, make it a promising plant
for a stock. It seeds readily and prolifically and the seedlings come very true.
Fruiting plants are to be found at the Arnold Arboretum, Boston, Mass., and
in the collections of Dr. W. Van Fleet, Bell Station, Md. The rose appears to be
perfectly hardy and very resistant to the attacks of mildew." (Galloway.)

Correspondence with Dr. B. T. Galloway, of the Bureau of
Plant Industry, indicates the intention of the Bureau to inves-
tigate the rose-stock situation to the extent of the means avail-
able. Various interesting suggestions have been made, and it
seems quite likely that the next several years will witness much
activity in this direction.

Let us keep right on with the study and trial of stocks; it is
well worth while, and it is a study which the amateur can
undertake without much trouble:

In "Rose Notes," on a later page, will be found the official
details concerning the continuing importation of rose stocks from
Europe.

Some California Rose Conditions

By CAPT. GEORGE C. THOMAS, Jr., Beverly Hills, CaUf.

Editor's Note. — Captain Thomas' enthusiasm for rose-growing and rose-
breeding has led him to remove all his roses from the lovely eastern garden where
they were under observation to the California location (near Los Angeles) which
he believes affords the best rose climate in America. Members who have noted
his work in breeding toward the hardy everblooming climber — as fully illustrated
and excellently described in the 1920 Annual — will be glad to know that the
Captain will continue his fine work in that direction.

This view of the rose conditions of California is the more important because
it is that of a very highly skilled rose-grower who is also a world observer. It is
nevertheless the easterner's point of view.

THERE are so many different climates in California that a
careful study of the resulting rose conditions and an
accurate test record in the varied locations would be neces-
sary before a really comprehensive guide could be tabulated.
Such a reference would show many new and distinctive methods
of cultivation as well as diversified classes for each section.

Very broadly speaking, there are three main regions in the
state, each with its separate climate, which may be described
as the Coastal, Mountain and Desert areas. As in the eastern
belts suitable for different types of roses, these divisions overlap
and merge. Definite lines are not decided mostly by latitude,
as in the East, but ocean influence, altitude, and shelter from
adverse extremes are the main factors, tempered materially by
local conditions. Such local circumstances cause considerable
variation in one or more of these deciding factors, with conse-
quent marked differences of rose conditions in places geograph-
ically close together.

The Mountain and Desert areas are only suitable for certain
classes of roses, with necessary special selection and care. The
extreme northern coast section has an abundant and protracted
rainy season, and although splendid results may be obtained
with roses during the balance of the year, this part of the Coastal
area would not seem to be ideal as an all-the-year proposition.

Farther south in the Coastal region the conditions for rose-
culture become more and more satisfactory; rainfall and too
much dampness decrease; sunshine increases, tempered, never-
theless, from an adverse extreme by the "high ocean fog" of

(57)

58 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

which so much has been written. A remarkable rose cHmate is
the result where it is possible for the rose-lover to grow and
harvest the "Queen of Flowers" during the entire year. In this
favored section not only is it possible and easy to produce out-
door roses the year round, but it is also practicable to grow all
the different classes and types.

Hybrid Perpetuals thrive in this cool, equable situation.
For example, in November, Druschki still blooms prolifically,
plants noted giving an average of twenty blooms and buds.
Other varieties of this class improve their blooming season in
proportion.

Teas must have a mild winter, and the immunity from killing
frost which obtains insures great size in growth and remarkable
quantity, quality, and continuity of bloom. Maman Cochet is a
great favorite; bushes eight feet high are not uncommon, while
its floriferousness is continual.

Hybrid Teas do not improve to as great an extent as the
examples just described. They give continued bloom throughout
the winter, but in growth and size of flower are not larger than
in the East during the height of its season. While all varieties
give satisfaction, Laurent Carle is most noticeable in its perfec-
tion, a plant being counted with fifteen flowers and opening buds
the last of November,

It would seem that in Hybrid Teas the improvement is most
unusual in the weaker varieties. Such collector's roses as
Marquise de Sinety, Queen Mary, Jean Note, and especially
Lady Hillingdon should be specified. Pernetianas are quite
satisfactory; they also give results during the winter as well as in
the summer, in addition to which their weaker members, such
as Constance and Viscountess Enfield, improve considerably.

The roses bred by Howard & Smith, of Los Angeles, do
remarkably well. Los Angeles, a cross between Mme. Segond-
Weber and Lyon, is a glory.

It is in climbers that the most wonderful results govern.
Cherokees flourish as hedges, giving an occasional scattering bit
of color after their main season; Climbing Teas, Noisettes, and
Hybrid Tea climbers are rampant in growth and generous in
gifts.

Polyanthas are topped by the universal favorite, Climbing

SOME CALIFORNIA ROSE CONDITIONS 59

Cecile Brunner. This rose is always in bloom. Thirty feet is no
record for its growth and when cut back as a hedge rose it gives
an unbroken quantity of color throughout the entire year,
plants being noted six feet high and the same in diameter, with
an average of a hundred blooms and colored buds per plant in
December.

Wichuraianas do not deserve much comment : they are as good
here as elsewhere, but one does not cultivate them when such
roses as the Brunners (pink and yellow), Marechal Niel, Gloire
de Dijon, Climbing Cochets, Reve d'Or, and many others of
great beauty and continuous blooming season are possible.
Unless a variety has unusual coloring, such as Chromatella, it is
a waste of time to have types with only one period of beauty.

Certain changes in cultivation are made imperative by the
year-round growing season. Perhaps the most important is the
enforced dormancy brought about by the stoppage of artificial
watering — for there is practically no rain for six months, and all
plant-life must be fed by irrigation to secure growth and produc-
tion. Climbers do not often receive or need as much care in
these respects as do the dwarf er types. The latter eventually
become enervated by continued growth and production without
rest. It is easy to select the time desired for this rest period dur-
ing the dry season, and by witholding water from different beds
and plants as required, at least two-thirds of the roses will be
working all the time. Pruning is resorted to with these smaller
classes, and then water and fertilization is given.

It is difficult for a newcomer to this district to realize that
roses are regarded only as incidental. They are easy to grow
well, and varieties long ago superseded elsewhere do so well here
that few of the newer introductions are generally cultivated.
There are so many tropical and semi-tropical fruits, flowers,
climbing plants, and flowering trees yielding their harvests
throughout the seasons that the rose is only one of many favorites.

Stocks for budding are considered necessary by some resident
authorities, especially with weaker varieties, and the old rose,
Gloire des Rosomanes, has given excellent results as a stock.
This rose is an example of the value of a discarded favorite under
the conditions noted, for Gloire des Rosomanes, commonly
known as "Ragged Robin," is used very extensively as a hedge

60 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

rose, and it is well suited for this purpose, with its extreme
hardiness and everblooming character.

I do not pretend to have acquired more than an elementary
knowledge of rose conditions here in California; but this brief
sketch will serve at least to show what a very wonderful oppor-
tunity is ofiFered to rose-growers. It was the recital to friends at
home in the East of some of these rose facts, and their surprise
and very natural skepticism at the story, which caused the belief
that the rose-growers of the American Rose Society might like to
have my impressions.

An Amateur's Rose-Garden on
Puget Sound

By JAMES A. HAYS, President Tacoma Rose Society

Editor's Note. — Marechal Niel blooming in the open in the northwestern
corner of the continental United States ! Roses in April and May ! We have
long heard of the great rose occasions of these favored Pacific Coast cities, but
this is the first intimate home-yard story of how a business man and his folks
have "rest for the weary and constant delight in a plot of roses." Mr. Hays
is the energetic executive of a very live and active rose society. It is to the
liberality of the Tacoma Rose Society that the readers of this Annual owe the
beautiful Frontispiece showing an average Tacoma rose-garden.

WHETHER the legendary pruning of his father's cherry
tree by the little George Washington had anything to do
with the selection of February 22 as our annual pruning
day, is not certain at this late date. Our garden is not a large
one, and therefore each plant is to us an individual; we know
what we want from each bush, whether show blooms or quan-
tities of blossoms, and prune accordingly. Large branches that
the wind might whip and so injure the whole bush are removed
in the fall, but this Washington's Birthday event is the final trim-
ming. When we have finished, the garden doesn't look much
like a professional gardener's job — every bush the same height —
but it is our garden, and we know it is in the shape that it will
give us and our friends the most pleasure.

Although we are so far north, we are not likely to have heavy
frosts after February, and the United States Department of
Agriculture gives the planting date for all gardens in this region

AN AMATEUR'S ROSE-GARDEN 61

as March 21. Roses, however, can be planted all winter, for
the ground is seldom frozen. The roses require no covering or
any other preparation for winter; only once in the fifteen years
of our garden's existence have the bushes been seriously injured
by a freeze, and that came early, while the sap was still up.
Frequently, for eighteen or twenty months in succession, and
once for thirty-three months in succession, we were able to find
roses in bloom every month; not many, nor as wonderful as
they are in June, but still roses.

In spite of the shading in the Rose Map for only Hybrid
Teas, we have proved that every variety will grow here except
the Cherokee. Not all do equally well. Marechal Niel needs a
protected corner and some coddling, but there are some old
and handsome plants hereabout. We do not have heat enough
for the American Beauty to reach perfection, but Ulrich
Brunner grows gloriously and compensates for that loss.

After the roses are pruned and the beds weeded, spaded, and
fertilized, we begin to watch for the first blossom. It is apt to
surprise us after all our watching, but we usually find it on some
of the climbers with which the front of the house is covered,
sometimes as early as March 26, but more often early in April.
In ordinary seasons, by June 1 the garden is at its loveliest.

Our garden is like the majority of rose-gardens in the
Puget Sound cities. We have an ordinary-sized building lot,
and the beds are on all sides of the house. In the front yard
and in the parking strip in the street, where the house shelters
it from the north wind and there is a southern exposure, we
have our choicest varieties. "What ! Choice roses on your park-
ing! Aren't all the blossoms stolen?" Strange as it may seem,
the blossoms seldom and the bushes never disappear. Indeed,
most of the bushes are so large that anyone would have diffi-
culty in carrying them off. Who would care to struggle with a
six-, eight-, or ten-foot high Testout; and even the Teas are
too big to carry and conceal. The biggest bush in the yard is a
Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, which sends its twenty-foot barbed
shoots all over the back porch, but it is almost equaled in size
on the opposite side of the house by a Climbing Cecile Brunner
with its delicate blossoms and lovely foliage. The growth of
both can be characterized by a single word : it is simply riotous !

62

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The dates of the first blossom during 1910 and 1920, of about
fifty of our one hundred and twenty-five varieties, and the
average number of blossoms per plant to July 1, when the
first blooming is over, and then for the rest of the season, is
shown in the following tables. The bushes are almost all from
four to eight years old.

Name

Reve d'Or

Gainsborough, Mme. Al-
fred Carriere.Cl.Mme.
Caroline Testout . .

Irish Elegance ....

Mme. Edouard Herriot .

Lady Battersea . . . .

Laurent Carle

Old Gold

Cheerful

La France

Muriel Dickson . . . .

CI. Mrs. W. J. Grant
(CI. Belle Siebrecht) .

Irish Beauty

Irish Fireflame . . . .

Augustine Guinoisseau
(White La France) . .

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-
Miller

Lady Pirrie

Gustave Regis

Lady Hillingdon . . . .

Senateur Mascuraud . .

Lady Dunleath . . . .

Colleen

Grace Molyneaux . . .

Edith Part

Ophelia

Mrs. Maud Dawson . .

First
Bloom

April 23

May 1

May 10
May 11
May 12
May 12
May 13
May 14
May 15
May 15

May 15
May 19
May 19

May 21

May 21
May 23
May 24
May 26
May 27
May 27
May 27
May 27
May 27
May 28
May 28

J3 I

*400

30

25

*45

*45

200

*120

7

40
*300
*115

20

*68

*63

*210

*85

*62

5

7

*50

*70

15

60

Name

Entente Cordiale (Ducher)

Mme. Melanie Soupert .

Mme. Caroline Testout .

Mrs. Aaron Ward . . .

Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt .

Ulrich Brunner ....

Mrs. A. R. Waddell . .

Los Angeles

Ethel Malcolm ....

Mme. Ravary ....

Le Progres

Lyon

Mrs. Gordon Sloane . .

Louise Catherine Bres-
lau

Constance

Harry Kirk

Lady Plymouth ....

Ophelia

Souv. de Gustave Prat .

George C. Waud . . .

William R. Smith . . .

Tipperary

Gorgeous

Lady Greenall ....

Margaret Dickson Ham-
mill

Duchess of Wellington .

Aladdin

Mrs. Wemyss Quin . .

First
Bloom

May 30
May 31
May 31
June 1
June 1
June 1
June 2
June 2
June 3
June 4
June 4
June 4
June 5

June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 6
June 8
June 10
June 10
June 10
June 10
June 10

June 11
June 11
June 15
June 15

a^

*20

*30

*300

*80

41

*30

34

5

*26

*70

65

12

93

25
7

*60
35

*15
10
15
17
15
12
9

10

7

15

♦Indicates buds showing color on these bushes January 1, 1921.

The reader will notice the absence of many red roses. We
have specialized in yellows and coppers, leaving the reds to be
successfully grown by our neighbors.

Tacoma has few large rose-gardens, but it does have thou-
sands of small ones, and hardly a home but has at least a few
bushes. In 1911, the Tacoma Rose Society was organized. In
the early nineties there had been a few rose carnivals but no
show was held until June, 1911, after this organization was
formed. That year there were thousands of exhibits of Testouts,

AN AMATEUR'S ROSE-GARDEN 63

Druschkis, "Jacks," and La Frances, and it was wonderful to
see. The character of the show has gradually changed, and now
the annual displays are largely quality shows, although there
are still hundreds of exhibits of the old faithfuls. The last
exhibition was held in the rose-arbors of Point Defiance Park,
and with the rose-gardens in full bloom between them, it
attracted thousands of visitors. The show was especially lovely
at night, when it was all electrically illuminated.

The programs of all these shows have included a few blank
pages with the heading "List of roses I want," and the notes
made at the shows have done much toward improving the little
gardens of the city, because people have learned that it is just
as easy to raise good roses as poor ones.

Roses do grow easily here, but there is nevertheless work to
be done in a garden. Some years we have to spray for aphis.
At other times, the cold water from the garden hose is sufficient
to finish our commonest enemy. We have leaf -hoppers. Some
bushes will mildew. There are worms which only "hand-pick-
ing" will eradicate, but the time spent in fighting pests is com-
pensated for by the perfection of the abundant blossoms.

If we were to make a rose-garden calendar it would be some-
thing like this. In February we prune; in March we prepare
the beds by weeding, spading, and fertilizing; in April we
begin to see the results of our labors; and in May and June their
full fruition. In July the bushes are pruned slightly after their
first blooming and fed, and they continue to reward us always
until October and frequently until Thanksgiving and Christmas.
All the winter months we read the rose catalogues and decide
what we must try the next season. Thus we have, not once but
often, completed a full year, wherefore we add our testimony to
that of other garden-lovers, that there is rest for the weary and
constant delight in a plot of roses, even if it is a very humble one.

Members of the American Rose Society are referred
to the interesting announcement on page ii6 of a rose
pilgrimage to the Puget Sound Country in the bloom-
time of ig22, with opportunity "on the side" for visits
to several national parks.

Florida Rose-Growing as Seen by
Northern Eyes

By GEORGE H. PETERSON, Fair Lawn, N. J.

Editor's Note. — Spending his winters in Florida, mostly on the west coast,
Mr. Peterson has unusual opportunity to see the roses of Florida from his own
broad standpoint of experience and knowledge. He is a member of the Executive
Committee of the American Rose Society.

THE first thing which forces itself upon a northern rose-
grower is the absence, generally, of most of the modern
varieties with which he is familiar at home. The develop-
ment of the Hybrid Tea during the past fifteen to twenty years
is not reflected in the roses one sees in Florida today. Of course,
there are exceptions, but, generally speaking, Florida, in a rose
sense, is living in a past generation. This, I admit, has its com-
pensations for the visitor.

It is always a real joy to meet old-time friends one has not
seen in many years, and so when the northern grower of roses
comes here and sees again some of his old loves and favorites, it
brings back to him the memory of happy rose days of the past.

A quarter century ago one of the roses nearest my heart, if
not the one, was Duchesse de Brabant.* I have not grown it for
fifteen years, nor is it often met with in northern gardens. Here,
on the west coast of Florida, it is relatively what Mme. Caroline
Testout is to the Pacific coast. Do not, however, gather from
this that roses are grown in Florida with the profusion and
success that is experienced in Oregon, or even California, for
they decidedly are not. As a northern woman, the possessor
here of several hundred rose plants, told me, the rose in Florida
is prone to all the ills it experiences in the North, and "then
some !"

To begin with, most of the soil in Florida is of a light, sandy
nature — the very last we would choose in the North. As a result,
the chief requirement is water, and always more water. Next
to this, in point of necessity, is cow manure, and perhaps some
muck or soil from the lowlands. With all of these present one

*This rose was re-introduced to favor last year through Mrs. Roosevelt's letter (printed
on page 32 of the 1920 Annual) , describing it as Col. Roosevelt's favorite Rose.

(64)

FLORIDA ROSE-GROWING 65

may grow good roses in Florida, and plenty of them, and have
them blooming practically all the year. If, however, the owner
goes north for the summer and leaves the roses to shift for
themselves, crowded by the tremendous weed-growth of the
rainy season (July and August), some, at least, of the plants
will succumb.

If the plants can be cared for during the summer it will be
best to stop cultivation, but to cut the weeds down occasionally
so that the life of the rose bushes is not choked out. This method
will give the plants a rest. Then, along in September or October,
a general pruning may to advantage be resorted to. One may
then have roses continuously from November to June, with
March the month of greatest show.

New plantings may be made from November to March in-
clusive, with December the best month of all.

Florida's professional growers agree that own-root roses are
of little value. They do not seem yet to know, or at least agree,
as to which is the best root-stock here.* The consensus of opinion
seems, however, to favor the Cherokee.

One of the largest commercial growers of roses in Florida has,
in response to my inquiry, submitted the following list as com-
prising the best twelve bush roses:

White: Frau Karl Druschki, White Maman Cochet, Marie
Van Houtte.

Pink: Radiance, Maman Cochet, Mme. Lambard.

Red: Red Radiance, Papa Gontier, Freiherr von Marschall.

Yellow and salmon: Safrano, Isabella Sprunt, Etoile de
Lyon.

The same authority submits the following list of best six
climbing roses: Devoniensis, Climbing Bridesmaid, Reine
Marie Henriette, Climbing Perle des Jardins, Reve d'Or,
Marechal Niel.

From the above lists it will be seen that, from a variety stand-
point, progress here is slow. Radiance, one of our modern Hybrid
Teas, does splendidly, and I am confident that others would be
found equally satisfactory.

*See Prof. Hume's article on "Rose Stocks and Root Systems," page 47. — Editor.

The Roses of Mt. Desert Island, Maine

By ANNIE LORENZ, Hartford, Conn.

Editor's Note. — Miss Lorenz tells us of the beautiful roses grown on an
island ofif the coast of Maine which is well within the territory shown on the
Rose-Zone Map as unfavorable for unprotected plants. It is a pleasure to know
of the success attainable through care and protection.

MT. DESERT and roses ! This is one of the first associations
of ideas in the mind of anyone familiar with this marvelous
island, where the roses actually resemble those enticingly
portrayed in the catalogues. The unusual rose prosperity of the
island is the result of its cool and moist climate combined with
its well-defined growing season. This ends with a hard frost,
usually the first week in October, thus giving the plants time to
harden off properly before the winter.

The rose casualties of recent years about Hartford are caused
by our over-long growing season, as the killing frost holds off
until early November, so that the plants go into winter "soft."

On Mt. Desert the roses are put into winter quarters about
the middle of November. The dwarf roses are pruned of about
half as much as will be removed in the spring; a trench is dug
between each two plants, in which they are laid spoon-fashion,
and covered with earth. The climbers are all laid down on the
ground and likewise covered with earth. During December,
after the ground is thoroughly frozen, pine branches and straw
are put over the plants. Unpacking does not take place until
the middle of May ; the climbers are loosened earlier. The flow-
ering season is about three weeks later than at Elizabeth Park.

Most of the standard Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Perpetuals,
and climbers were to be found on the island. The most astonish-
ing rose there is George Dickson, bigger than its pictures and
with such heavy fleshy petals that the stems droop.

Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Killarney, Duchess of Wellington,
Mme. Edouard Herriot, Mme. Caroline Testout, Old Gold,
Irish Simplicity, Augustus Hartmann, and Willowmere were
some of the most impressive varieties.

Gruss an Teplitz, without disbudding, has as large blooms
as could only be had with the best of attention elsewhere and
would doubtless make much larger bushes if not pruned back so

(66)

ROSES OF MT. DESERT ISLAND, MAINE 67

hard. All the old Hybrid Perpetuals do well, except George
Arends, which is rather tender. Druschki is magnificent.

Of the climbers, the luxuriance and bright color of Tausend-
schon is noticeable. Roserie, which in Hartford is a decidedly
unstable sport, is there a good, fairly even Killarney pink, and
one of the most beautiful climbers on the island. Dorothy
Perkins is so large as to look like something else, especially on
Manetti stock. The season of 1920 being a late one, the Crimson
Rambler was just starting to bloom at the end of July. New-
port Fairy, Hiawatha and American Pillar were particularly ef-
fective as seen tumbling over the rocks.

It seems to be too cold on Mt. Desert for Silver Moon
with its Cherokee parentage. A plant of Keystone had bloomed
but once in eight seasons, the writer was told.

But the local standby was Rugosa in every variety, from snowy-
white to a particularly hideous semi-double magenta, extra
rampant, like everything of that color. The Dane garden has
some old pink bushes about eight feet high, whose stems should
be described as trunks. The gay hips attract the birds, who are
consequently planting the Rugosas on the outlying islands.

I was told of a copper-colored single rose (probably Austrian
Copper) on Greening's Island, which had been brought from
Norway, but I did not have an opportunity to inspect it.

Of the shrubby species, jR. rubrifolia is particularly luxuriant,
and a blush form of R. multiflora makes great bushes.

In the village gardens were all the old favorites: Alba,
Gallica, Old Blush, Cabbage, Mme. Plantier, and the like.
Harison's Yellow was still in bloom at Castine on July 10. There
were Cinnamon and Sweet-brier bushes about the old cellar-
holes. The wild roses are large and brilliant, as they are all along
the Maine coast.

The beautiful rose-garden at the Seal Harbor estate of E. B.
Dane was originally planted with roses from Ireland, but now
the local nurseries, at Bar Harbor, carry the more common roses.

I trust that what I have written will serve as encouragement
to all those living within the limits of the white space on the
Rose-Zone Map, as showing how much larger a rose-repertoire
may be had than was to be expected according to that map.

Meanwhile, go to Mt. Desert, and see for yourselves !

My Back- Yard Roses in Their
Fourth Season

By ARTHUR P. GREELEY, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — No apology is made for continuing the showing of rose
conditions in Mr. Greeley's back-yard rose-test garden. Indeed, it is rather
with pride that the presentation is made, for it is the back yards of America
that must make the rose universal, rather than the test-gardens and the great
estates. Attention is called to what Mr. Greeley has to say about stimulation
of the plants taking the place of sprays and powders for protection.

In his note transmitting the article, Mr. Greeley wishes sometimes his back
yard were three times larger, and adds :

"However, my house is full of roses, some fresh every day, from the middle
of May until November, and I find room also for tulips, oriental poppies, gladioli,
dahlias, Japanese anemones, and chrysanthemums." Not bad for a back yard !

THE comparatively cool weather of the season of 1920
resulted, with my back-yard roses, in an unusually high
average in quality of bloom and in more August bloom than
usual. The total for the season, 2,738, was only a little less
than for 1919, though, for some reason which I cannot explain,
several roses, usually large bloomers, like George Elger and
Mme. Edmee Metz, both grafted, gave only a very few blooms.
There seems to be a tendency of the grafted roses to drop off
in number of blooms as the plants get older, and a tendency of
those on their own roots to bloom more freely as they grow older.
I used wood-ashes, with phosphate rock and some nitrate of
soda, with the usual pulverized sheep manure as fertilizer, par-
ticularly in the early spring, and the plants responded with
unusually vigorous foliage, noticeably large in size and high in
color. Except for touching the young shoots with "Black-
leaf 40" solution to dispose of the green aphis, I used nothing
in the way of spray or powder, and had rather less than usual
of black spot and mildew. I think that stimulation of the plants
into vigorous growth early in the spring, and thus increasing
their resistance, helps quite as much as the sprays and powders.
I was greatly pleased with some of the roses which were new
with me this season, particularly Jacques Porcher, Mrs. S. K.
Rindge, Grange Colombe, and Raymond, all grafted, and Mrs.
Charles J. Bell which, on own root, did very well.

In the tabulated statement which follows I give the average
for four seasons, except as noted. Eugenie Lamesch and Leonie

(68)

MY BACK-YARD ROSES

69

Lamesch are classed as Polyanthas, but to me are more like
small Hybrid Teas. They are both very attractive, particularly
in bud.

ROSES GIVING OVER FIFTY BLOOMS

(O.R. signifies own-root plants; G. refers to those grafted, usually on Multiflora.)

Name

Season

Average
Blooms

1920
Blooms

Mme. Eugene Marlitt. B

Ecarlate. H.T

Eugenie Lamesch. Poly.
G. Nabonnand. T. . .
Lady Ursula. H.T. . .
Winter Gem. T. . . .
Antoine Rivoire. H.T.

Lucullus. Ben

Leonie Lamesch. Poly .

OL

ir.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

12th
4th
5th

11th
4th

12th
5th

12th
3d

185
113

112
229
82
45
54
80
t92

234
185
126
97
87
58
57
51
50

ROSES GIVING TWENTY-FIVE OR MORE AND LESS
THAN FIFTY BLOOMS

Name

Season Average 1920
beaaon Blooms Blooms

La Tosca. H.T

Mrs. Aaron Ward. H.T. (No. 2.)

Gruss an Teplitz. H.T

Gloire Lyonnaise. H.T

Mrs. Hugh Dickson. H.T

Jacques Porcher. H.T

Grossherzog Friedrich. H.T

Columbia. H.T. (No. 2.)

Mme. Maurice de Luze. H.T. (No. 2.) . . . .

Mme. Segond-Weber. H.T. (No. 2.)

Gustav Griinerwald. H.T

General-Superior Arnold Janssen. H.T. (No. 1.)

Mrs. A. R. Waddell. H.T

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller. H.T

Constance. Per

Mrs. George Shawyer. H.T.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

4th
1st
4th
11th
4th
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2d
3d
4th
1st
1st
3d

25

33
36
14

*24
t37
tl9

*20

47
42
41
35
34
32
29
28
28
27
26
26
26
25
25
25

ROSES GIVING FIFTEEN OR MORE AND LESS
THAN TWENTY-FIVE BLOOMS

Name

Lieutenant Chaur6 ....
Frau Karl Druschki. H.P. .
Lady Pirrie. H.T. (No. 2.)

Radiance. H.T

Grange Colombe. H.T. . .
Prince de Bulgarie ....
Ophelia. H.T. (No. 2.) . .

Raymond. Per

Radiance. H.T. (No. 1.) .

G.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

Season Av^

1st
5th
1st
5th
1st
Ist
2d
1st
5th

24

*31
19

1920
Blooms

24
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22

tAverage for three seasons.

♦Average for two seasons.

70

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Roses Giving Fifteen or More and Less than Twenty-five Blooms, con.

Name

Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo. H.T.

Hadley. H.T

Mme. Jules Bouch6. H.T. (No

Mrs. S. K. Rindge. Per.

Lady Ashtown. H.T. .

Killarney Queen. H.T.

George C. Waud. H.T.

My Maryland. H.T. .

Mme. Caroline Testout. H.T.

Louise Catherine Breslau. Per.

Ophelia. H.T. (No. 1.)

Marie Van Houtte. T.

Harry Kirk. T. . . .

White Maman Cochet. T. (No. 1.)

Mrs. B. R. Cant. T.

Mme. Edouard Herriot. Per. (No. 2.)

Colonel Leclerc. H.T.

Blumenschmidt. T. .

Red Radiance. H.T.

Mme. Charles Lutaud. H.T. .

Konigin Carola. H.T

Reine Marguerite d'ltalie. H.T

G.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.

c Average 1920

Season Blooms Blooms

1st
3d
3d
1st
2d
2d
2d
3d
Ist
Ist
2d
4th
5th
11th
4th
Ist
1st
2d
1st
4th
3d
2d

tl2
21

*19
*24
*25
*14

*29

tl7

19

18

16

*14

7
tl2
*13

21
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
17
24
17
17
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15

ROSES GIVING TEN OR MORE AND LESS THAN
FIFTEEN BLOOMS

Name

Season

Average
Blooms

1920
Blooms

Mme. Melanie Soupert. H.T. (No. 2.)

G.

1st

14

Friedrichsruh. H.T

O.R.

4th

12

14

Farbenkonigin. H.T

G.

2d

*19

14

Mrs. Aaron Ward. H.T. (No. 1.)

O.R.

4th

12

14

Mme. Edmond Sablayrolles. T. .

G.

3d

tl6

14

Willowmere. Per

G.

2d

*12

13

Mme. Maurice de Luze. H.T. (No. 1.)

G.

3d

t24

13

Mme. Edouard Herriot. Per. (No. 1.)

O.R.

4th

12

13

Lady Pirrie. H.T. (No. 1.)

G.

4th

21

13

Autumn Tints. H.T

G.

4th

12

12

Laurent Carle. H.T

G.

1st

12

Edward Mawley. H.T. (No. 2.) .

G.

1st

12

Flame of Fire. H.T

G.

1st

11

Lady Plymouth. T

O.R.

4th

9

11

Paul Neyron. H.P

O.R.

11th

12

11

Panama. H.T

O.R.

3d

til

11

Lyon Rose. Per. (No. 2.) . . . .

G.

1st

11

Margaret Dickson Hamill. H.T. (I«i

o. 2.

) .

G.

1st

11

G. Am6d6e Hammond. H.T. . . .

O.R.

4th

12

11

White Maman Cochet. T. (No. 2.)

G.

3d

tl4

11

Mrs. Charles E. Pearson. H.T. . .

G.

4th

10

11

Gen. MacArthur. H.T

G.

1st

10

General-Superior Arnold Janssen. H

T.

No.

2.

)

G.

1st

10

Lyon Rose. Per. (No. 1.) . . . .

O.R.

4th

9

10

Mildred Grant. H.T

O.R.

3d

*9

10

Joseph Hill. H.T. (No. 1.) ...

O.R.

3d

tl6

10

Marquise de Querhoent. T. . . .

O.R.

4th

12

10

Average for three seasons.

♦Average for two seasons.

MY BACK- YARD ROSES

71

ROSES GIVING

FIVE

TO

TEN BLOOMS

Name

Season

Average
Blooms

1920
Blooms

Columbia. H.T. (No. 1.) . . .

Etoile de France. H.T

H. D. M. Barton. H.T. (No. 2.)
Mme. Jenny Gillemot. H.T. . .
Edward Mawley. H.T. (No. 1.)
Hoosier Beauty. H.T. (No. 1.)
Jonkheer J. L. Mock. H.T. . .

National Emblem. H.T

General MacArthur. H.T. . . .
Duchess of Sutherland. H.T. . .

Baron Palm. H.T

Lady Alice Stanley. H.T. (No. 1
Lady Alice Stanley. H.T. (No. 2

Tipperary. H.T

Mme. Marcel Delanney. H.T. .

Mrs. Bullen. Per

Comte G. de Rochemur. H.T. .
H. D. M. Barton. H.T. (No. 1.)

Elli Hartmann. H.T

Etoile Poitevine. H.T

George Elger. Poly

Mme. Edmee Metz. H.T. . . .
Mme. Colette Martinet. H.T. .

Robert Huey. H.T

Recuerdo de Antonio Peluffo. H.T

William R. Smith. T

Mary, Countess of Ilchester. H.T
Mrs. Charles J. Bell. H.T. . . .
Gorgeous. H.T. (No. 1.) . . .
Gorgeous. H.T. (No. 2.) . . .

Earl of Warwick. H.T

Mme. Leon Pain. H.T

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

O.R.

2d

3d

1st

2d

4th

4th

1st

4th

4th

3d

3d

4th

3d

3d

2d

1st

4th

1st

1st

3d

3d

3d

3d

2d

2d

2d

3d

1st

4th

1st

3d

4th

*6

tl2

*6

7

15

11

5

t8

t8

4

tl3

t9

*11

8
t9

tioo

t34

tl3

*9

*7

*5

tio

8

t5
6

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5

tAverage for three seasons.

♦Average for two seasons.

Of the roses which gave over fifty blooms, I consider Lady
Ursula and Antoine Rivoire and the two Lamesch Polyanthas
among my best roses for cutting, and Ecarlate and G. Nabon-
nand among the best decorative. All of these give enough blooms
for my household purposes, and I have not put in duplicates of
them. Of the roses giving a less number of blooms, I have put
in a second plant of most of those which are most satisfactory
to me in beauty of bloom. The roses thus duplicated are:
Mrs. Aaron Ward, Columbia, Mme. Maurice de Luze, Mme.
Segond- Weber, General-Superior Arnold Janssen, Lady Pirrie,
Ophelia, Radiance, Mme. Jules Bouche, White Maman Cochet,
Mme. Edouard Herriot, Mme. Melanie Soupert, Gen. Mac-
Arthur, Edward Mawley, Lyon, H. D. M. Barton, Lady Alice
Stanley, Joseph Hill, Hoosier Beauty, and Gorgeous. I intend
to put in second plants of Constance, Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo,

72 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mrs. S. K. Rindge, Jacques Porcher, and Laurent Carle this
spring. A plant of Miss Lolita Armour failed me, for some reason,
after giving two beautiful blooms. I shall try it again. Plants
of Premier, Crusader, Pilgrim, and Mrs. John Cook did not
give me enough blooms to put them on the above list, but I
expect good things from all of them the coming season.

The Working Out of a Real Rose-Garden

By HAROLD A. CAPARN, New York City

Editor's Note. — In all the successive issues of the Annual, the Editor
has urged, directly or through the better writings of his friends, the landscape
use of the rose and the shrubbery value of many of the single forms. Mr.
Caparn, a capable landscape architect, in 1918 gave us an account of a real rose-
garden, in which roses dominate, which he had planted. He now tells and shows
us what three years of time have done to make the design vital. (See Plate X,
facing this page.)

THE rose-garden of William J. Tully, at Locust Valley, L. L,
was described in the Rose Annual for 1918, and those who
will take it down from their shelves will find the plan
reproduced on page 25. At that time the garden was in the
skeleton stage, without enough clothing foliage to justify a visit
of the camera-man. Since then it has attained the respectable
growth that the illustration shows.

In 1916 the site included a precipitous chicken-yard, with
some anemic fruit trees, one handsome mulberry tree, and a
piece of left-over ground. It was filled and leveled and laid out
in a rectangle 200 feet long and 76 feet wide. The photograph,
taken last June, will give an idea of its present appearance in
summer, if the gentle reader will make imaginative and generous
allowance for the absence of color, sunlight, depth, atmosphere,
and the indescribable pulsing vigor and vitality of any scene
growing green and multicolored under the summer sky.

The umbrageous mulberry tree above referred to made it
impossible to grow roses to advantage near it, so a row of wood
arches covered with climbing roses separates the rose-garden
proper from the mulberry with its attendant masses of rhodo-
dendrons, kalmias, azaleas. Ilex glabra, and other foliage, ever-
green and deciduous, that will thrive near its friendly shelter.

Plate X. The Tully Rose-Garden
(See article, "The Working Out of a Real Rose-Garden," page 72)

WORKING OUT A REAL ROSE-GARDEN 73

All this is seen from the rose-garden proper through the arches,
and forms a background for the roses and a terminus of the
whole composition. The opposite end is formed by a pergola
(covered, of course, with climbing roses), from which this view
was taken.

No rose enthusiast, and few other flower-lovers, will deny
that the rose is the most fascinating of all flowers. But when
they speak of the rose they mean the double rose, the Hybrid
Perpetuals, Hybrid Teas, Teas, Noisettes, and so on, the General
Jacks, American Beauties, Testouts, Mrs. Aaron Wards, Killar-
neys, and the others. They seem to forget that if these are the
most lovely of all double flowers, the single roses have a quality
all their own, only approached by their near relation, the apple
blossom. But the plants that produce these imperial double
garden roses are almost unmanageable in a garden scheme.
Scrawny, gawky, ill-clothed, they seem to care nothing for their
looks and for getting on harmoniously with their neighbors.
They are the despair of garden designers, especially as many a
garden owner insists on spoiling his garden or the front of his
house with ill-judged displays of his favorite flower. Neverthe-
less, though they refuse to mass, an occasional Hybrid Perpetual
may be used in mixed shrubbery if its neighbors are selected with
due judgment.

But single roses, the wild species of the temperate zones, on
the other hand, all form good bushes, or, at least, bushes that
can be used effectively in one conjunction or another. One of
them, Rosa rugosa, has such fine qualities of form and foliage
that it is to be found in most mixed shrubberies. Among the
climbing roses, too, with the blood of Wichuraiana, are now a
considerable number of varieties, not merely with decorative
flower-masses, but with rich and glossy foliage. Such are
Gardenia, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Evergreen Gem, and others.

Most designers of rose-gardens who attempt to make them
more than mere rows of beds introduce shrubs, trees, and vines
of other species to make their creation look like a garden instead
of a nursery. What they are really trying to do is to distract
attention from the roses, and to satisfy the eye with a grouping of
conifers, architecture, lily -ponds, or whatever the means may be.
This may be very meritorious as design, but it hardly seems

74 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

correct to call it a "rose" garden. Besides, it lessens the in-
dividuality and distinction of the rose-garden by the repetition
of elements already found in other parts of the grounds.

It therefore seemed to the writer an interesting experiment,
and one practically certain of success if properly worked out, to
make a garden entirely of roses ; not merely a place to raise flowers
for cutting, but one in which the decorative character should be
supplied, not by miscellaneous nursery stock, but by roses
themselves, the wild or single kinds of which many are now
obtainable. One advantage of making a shrubbery entirely of
roses is that the foliage is sure to harmonize, not only in the
mass, but with the garden roses in the beds.

Many wild roses, though attractive bushes in themselves, do
not make good companions for the most popular garden shrubs.
They are too wild-looking, become shabby rather early, and
are not sophisticated enough. But among other roses this
unfavorable contrast disappears, and surely the use of single
roses ought to add greatly to the interest of a rose-garden.

So this Tully rose-garden came into being, a simple scheme
with wood fences supporting climbing roses for boundaries,
along them twelve-foot borders of single or wild roses (see the
Rose Annual for 1918 for the kinds); then long beds of Hybrid
Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas. All this appears plainly in the
picture. The reader must be the judge of the success of this
scheme, remembering that he is not invited to inspect and
criticize a rare collection of garden roses, but to judge what kind
of contribution the rose can make toward garden scenery. The
writer thinks that the success has been sufficient to justify print-
ing the picture, and the Editor seems to agree with him. If the
gentle reader should visit this garden when rose-time is over, or
not yet begun, he will probably find that the rose can be attrac-
tive and pictorial at other seasons than that of blooming.

REMEMBER THE EDITOR!

Members oj the American Rose Society are urged to
send notes of rose happenings and suggestions for rose
articles to the Editor. The members make the book; the
Editor merely puts it together. Please supply the
"makings!"

A Better Back- Yard Garden

By ROY F. ANTHONY, Newark, N. J.

Editor's Note. — Mr. Anthony's statement explains itself. It is with
pleasiu-e that these instructive bloom-records are published; they always help
to better results. The reader may profitably note that this list refers to a small
bed, and that on "made" ground. Why be discouraged, ever, when success
can thus be had.''

ON reading "Three Years of Back- Yard Bloom-Record," in
the 1920 Rose Annual, I was surprised at the small num-
ber of blooms from some of the roses with which I was
familiar. I had never kept a record of my own plants, but I felt
sure that some of them had done better than those of Mr.
Greeley. To ascertain if my recollection was correct, a record
was kept of the 1920 season. I send it to you in the hope that
it may be of some interest and assistance to others who have
small rose-gardens.

I know of no more confusing and hopeless task for a beginner
than to sit down with two or three rose catalogues and try to
pick out a couple of dozen roses for a back-yard garden. All
seem to be free bloomers, and those marvelous colors: "intense
lemon-chrome, washed with solid maddery orange, almost a
golden orange, which becomes a deep, non-fading canary -yel-
low; the guard petals are singed crimson-orange with odd reflexes,
tipped with brilliant coppery crimson !" Wow !

I like to try them all, and as my space is limited, am always
rather pleased when a few are winter-killed, so I can replace
them with untried varieties. My bed is about four feet wide
and thirty feet long, with the roses in a double row. It is on
ground filled in with ashes some years ago, the soil being about
eighteen inches deep over the ashes. In the fall the bed is
covered with several inches of horse manure, which is turned
under in the spring, with the addition of a liberal quantity of
bone-meal. There is a full exposure to the sun the entire day.
Owing to the cold winters, the bushes, with one or two excep-
tions, freeze back so that they must be pruned to within about
six or eight inches of the ground.

All the Hybrid Teas are grafted on Japanese Multiflora,

(75)

76

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

were two years old when planted, and were set out in the
spring, while dormant. The bed is cultivated after every rain,
and at least once a week, so irrigation is seldom necessary. If
there is a prolonged dry spell, the ground is thoroughly satu-
rated and cultivated as soon as the top soil has dried sufficiently.

BLOOM-RECORD FOR 1920

Name

Mary, Countess of Ilchester

Red Radiance

Mme. Charles Lutaud . . .
Molly Sharman-Crawford .
Duchess of Wellington . . .
Mme. Edouard Herriot . .

Premier

Premier

Richmond

Mme. Edouard Herriot . .
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria .

Gruss an Teplitz

Killarney Queen

Willowmere

Lieutenant Chaur6 . . . .
Frau Karl Druachki . . . .

Hadley

Mme. Melanie Soupert . .

Killarney

Hugh Dickson

Radiance

Baroness de Rothschild . .

H. V. Machin

Mme. Ravary

Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt . . .

Old Gold

Lady Roberts

My Maryland

Joseph Hill

Lady Mary Ward

Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo . . .
Mme. Jules Grolez ....

Dean Hole

Mrs. A. R. Waddell . . . .

Lady Pirrie

Lady Ashtown

Betty

Set

0)

>.

bi

P.

_^

Out

1-5

3
1^

<

<»

O

1913

8

8

4

2

1

1917

6

7

2

3

1920

1

4

8

1

1

1913

1.5

17

5

15

2

1920

6

9

10

15

4

1916

S

11

2

5

2

1920

1

5

3

6

4

1920

2

3

4

8

4

1917

15

11

5

5

2

1920

5

4

2

2

3

1920

5

1

1

1

2

1910

50

179

121

167

32

1920

4

6

1

6

1

1920

2

2

2

1

1

1920

5

3

8

2

1911

124

100

7

14

2

1920

3

1

1

2

1920

1

2

1913

6

2

2

3

1911

69

3

1

1915

IS

7

11

4

1

1911

66

5

3

1920

1

1

1

1912

16

16

5

12

9

1916

4

9

8

3

3

1920

2

12

6

5

4

1912

19

6

3

7

1920

1

1

3

2

1

1912

34

24

13

28

6

1920

5

2

1920

1

5

2

2

2

1920

2

7

3

6

1

1911

15

15

3

12

3

1920

2

11

3

8

2

1920

2

7

3

3

1920

16

13

4

8

2

1920

1

2

2

2

23

18
15
54
44
28
19
21
38
16
10
549
18

8

18

247

7

3
13
73
41
74

3
58
27
29
35

8
105

7
12
19
48
26
15
43

7

THE 1922 ROSE TRIP TO THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST

ought to prove an event in the life of every rose-lover who takes
it. A month of travel across the continent, through the greater
national parks, seeing roses everywhere, and talking and
thinking roses, will be a vacation of unique benefit. Write the
Secretary for information.

A Well-Placed Private Rose-Garden

By THE EDITOR

IN JULY, 1920, at the time when usually the first flush of
rose-growth has succeeded to the hard times of summer, the

Editor had the pleasure of visiting the rose-garden of Mrs.
Harold Irving Pratt, at Glen Cove, Long Island (N. Y.), of
which a general picture is printed as Plate XI, facing page 81 .

The most impressive thing in the first view was the general
prosperity of all the roses. But one variety seemed to be un-
happy. There was no black spot; there were no aphis. Replies
as to how this came about were illuminating; it seemed that
instead of using sprays and dusts and dopes, the gardener
simply kept the plants in active growing condition, and there-
fore they were able to throw off incidental insect attacks.

The picture shows the general arrangement of the garden,
which has a suggestion of an amphitheatre with a lovely vista
toward Long Island Sound as its focal point, sufficiently distant
to have no influence on the growth of the roses or of great trees
which must undoubtedly protect from rough winds and do give
the background and the semi-seclusion that make the garden
most inviting. Some sixty-four varieties of roses were present
in little colonies, according to their desirability and merit.

While Mrs. Pratt has capable garden workers, she is herself
a well-posted rosarian who has seen the great gardens every-
where. She writes thus of her own garden:

"The situation of the garden, the composition of the soil, the
pruning and spraying are to my mind the five component ele-
ments that make or mar success in rose-growing. After sun-
light, the first essential in the building of a rose-garden is free cir-
culation of air. That offers a problem, for roses must have back-
ground if the beds are not to look like oriental rugs flung out
on the lawn. Yet too much background cuts off air. The mean
between sufficient background and free circulation of air, the
topography of our garden has permitted us to solve. The few
cedars on the terraces and the suggestion of background at the
entrance to the garden have not interfered.

(77)

78 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

"Our roses are grown in a glade which we have graded to an
amphitheatre with three terraces looking to the north. These
terraces have grass slopes as background, and against them we
grow our roses in borders.

"The borders are four feet wide, and were excavated to a
depth of two feet. No artificial drainage was necessary, as two
feet brought us to gravel. The soil includes six inches of sod,
grass side down, which we leave unforked, eight inches of well-
rotted cow-manure, over which we throw a half -inch of humus,
and about one-sixteenth of an inch of lime. To this we add six
inches of heavy yellow loam as a substitute for clay, and lastly
six inches of top soil. This is forked over very thoroughly,
leaving the bottom sod untouched.

"We prepare the beds in the autumn and leave them settle
until spring, expecting them then to be an inch or so below the
grass path, so that they would better retain the moisture.

"The roses were planted twelve inches apart, all advice to
the contrary. We have continued to keep to that distance,
save for Mrs. Aaron Ward, which is so broad-growing that we
have had to give it eighteen inches of space. We use three rows,
one directly behind the other, so that between them are little
avenues of foliage under which the soil is worked.

"In transplanting some of the extra-strong growers one
spring, we found that the roots had not interlaced, but had struck
downward toward the sod. We believe the close planting has not
injured the roses and it does give more closely covered ground,
and, to my mind, makes a prettier garden."

Mrs. Pratt tells of the several trial and progress years dur-
ing which everything was done that needed to be done to pro-
tect the roses from bugs and bothers. When they became thor-
oughly established a minimum of insecticide and fungicide
treatment was required. She also tells of the care and system
with which the roses are handled, and of the way in which new
varieties are searched for and placed. With an average of
twenty-five plants of a kind, her trials are distinctly effective,
and she has always enough roses of a kind for table decoration.

This rose-garden is a beautiful model of how taste, means,
and opportunity may join to produce a desirable result.

A Hospital Rose -Garden

By DAVID LUMSDEN
Walter Reed U. S. Army General Hospital, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — Very much worth while is the plan here set forth by Prof.
Lumsden of a rose-garden which is a working part of a great hospital. Nowhere
else can the rose do better service; nowhere else will it be more fully appreciated.

WALTER REED HOSPITAL is an institution of an un-
usual kind. It is the one largest general hospital of the
United States Army, and to its completion and perfection
have been given the best efforts of the great doctors and surgeons
developed in America by the sad needs of the World War.

Not merely an operating and convalescent institution is
Walter Reed; it adds all the facilities for rehabilitation which
modern medical science has proposed, and in it wonders of
restoration have been accomplished.

The great garden here described will be of direct aid in the
restorative work of the hospital, and it has been designed with
that in mind. The Plan (p. 80) gives the general layout.

The garden runs approximately north and south. The band-
stand on the north being in direct axis with the Administration
Building, is in form of architecture modeled after the Temple
of Love at Versailles. Directly north of the band-stand is a
semicircular reflecting pool, a planting of low shrubbery filling
the intervening space between the pool and band-stand. A
central walk ten feet wide traverses the entire length of the
sunken garden, and enters the rock and physic gardens to the
south. A high ramp at the southern end is planted with Ulmus
pumila, U. americana, Cornus florida, and its variety rubra
above, and with Rhododendron carolinianum, R. Kaempferi,
and Leucothoe Catesboei on the slope, the latter being at the base.

The plant material used for formal effects throughout the
garden is largely Thuja occidentalis pyramidalis. A rose pergola
extends from the walk south of the band-stand to the sun-dial
in the center of the garden.

The rose-beds are situated in radiating lines centered from the
band-stand. The pathways between these beds are of green
turf. The roses have been selected for this planting, upon the

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80

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

A Hospital Rose-Garden is Included in This Plan. (See page 79.)

A HOSPITAL ROSE-GARDEN 81

basis of showing the following merits: (a) Adaptability to the
Washington climate; (6) floriferousness; (c) length of blooming
period; (d) harmony of color. In one or two instances, such varie-
ties as the old General Jacqueminot and Paul Neyron have been
planted by special request.

The standard roses have been placed intermediate between
the pergola pillars. The two triangular beds at the rear of the
rose-garden are planted with Dr. Van Fleet's choice new hybrid
roses.

The location of the sunken garden is a desirable one, it being
placed in a natural valley. A natural amphitheatre with a grassy
slope is situated between the Administration Building and the
garden. This allows the free use of the grass to patients and
others listening to the band concerts which are to be held weekly
during the summer and fall months.

The nurses' graduation exercises will be held each year on
this spot, and early this June, the Walter Reed Hospital expects
to graduate about four hundred nurses.

On the east of the garden, the slopes are planted to Prunus
serrulata and various flowering and berry -bearing shrubs. The
west slopes are planted to species of syringas and many varieties
of S. vulgaris. The upper portion of the slope is adorned with
the flowering dogwoods.

The welfare of our boys has been kept foremost in our garden
work. Benches and settees will be arranged throughout, and on
the slopes and paths leading to the garden, and everything will
be done to make our veterans comfortable and their surroundings
conducive to restoration and to the happiness of the outdoors.

ROSES AT OTHER HOSPITALS

Why not have roses made the special
plants about many private and public hos-
pitals? No other flower will do so much Jor
a sick woman or a sick man. Roses are
good medicine!

Rose-Garden at the New York
Botanical Garden

By GEORGE V. NASH, Bronx Park, -N. Y.

Editor's Note. — The October, 1920, meeting of the American Rose Society,
was held in the New York Botanical Garden. Some of us who attended had
a long hunt to find the "Mansion," in which the meeting occurred, and in which
we were hospitably entertained. Not far away was an interesting rose-garden,
and it was at the Editor's request that Mr. Nash kindly prepared an accoimt of
this garden.

IN 1915 an arrangement was made between the New York
Botanical Garden and the Horticultural Society of New York

for the cooperative development of a rose-garden. This
arrangement provides that the former shall furnish the site for
the garden and take care of its maintenance, while the Horti-
cultural Society of New York is to furnish the rose plants. Pur-
suant to this arrangement, a ground plan for the garden, sub-
mitted by Mrs. Max Farrand, was approved in the spring of
1916, and in May of the same year ground was formally broken.
Active operations in the actual planting of the roses began in the
spring of 1917.

The area selected for the rose-garden is in a natural valley
just south of the Mansion in the New York Botanical Garden.
This is a well-sheltered situation, protected on all sides by woods
and ridges. The space occupied is about one and one-quarter
acres in extent, and is of a triangular shape; the length is about
350 feet and its greatest width about 200 feet. Drains were laid
throughout this area, to insure a proper drainage of the tract,
and all obtruding rock masses removed. This being accom-
plished, two feet of top soil was deposited over the tract, so
that there is now this quantity of soil over and above the drain-
age system.

The ground plan is an inequilateral triangle with truncated
angles, the longest side parallel with the wooded ridge on the
east. In the center of this is a circular area, at present in grass,
with concentric series of paths and beds for a certain distance.
Radiating from this central area are four wide paths which serve
as the main arteries; intermediate grass walks also radiate from

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ROSES AT NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 83

this same center, A marginal made path is also provided, this
being separated from the garden boundary by a bed approxi-
mately eight feet wide. Between this marginal walk and the
concentric series referred to are many beds, arranged in series
paralleling the made walks, and separated by grass paths.

The types of roses represented are: Hybrid Teas, Teas,
Pernetianas, Hybrid Perpetuals, Hybrid Sweet Briers, Chinas,
Bourbons, Dwarf Polyanthas, Mosses, and Rugosas. The climb-
ing sorts are not represented as yet, but their proper presentation
is under consideration. Of these types the Hybrid Teas, Teas,
and Pernetianas are in the beds within the marginal walk, the
others being placed between this marginal walk and the boun-
dary of the garden. This practically has the effect of making a
frame of the June roses, mostly tall varieties, enclosing the
lower and more continuous bloomers in the central beds. The
Dwarf Polyantha roses are mainly in the concentric beds in the
center of the area.

It has been the aim in the planting of this garden to provide
a collection of roses, as many kinds as possible, including
novelties, so that rose-lovers could come here and see for them-
selves many of the kinds offered for sale in the nurseries. To aid
such, a system of labeling, an essential part in an educational
institution such as the New York Botanical Garden, has been
employed by which each rose is supplied with a conspicuous label
giving information as to the type of rose, the name of the rose,
and the name and address of the party donating it. It has not
been the aim to select a few only of the many roses offered, but
rather to present a great many kinds; the endeavor has been
made to present these in various ways. There are beds contain-
ing but one kind, sometimes as many as eighty individuals,
where the mass effect of color and form may be emphasized;
in other beds there are two to four kinds; while in still others
there are a few individuals of many kinds. In this way the
various effects may be studied.

The plants for the rose-garden — over 5,000 — have been
donated by the following parties: Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins,
Rutherford, N. J.; F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.; A. N.
Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Conn.; and Henry A. Dreer, Phila-
delphia, Pa. Over 500 kinds have been grown.

84

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The garden has now passed through three winters. The con-
ditions of the first two were normal, but the winter of 1919-20
was extreme, and resulted in the great destruction of rose bushes
in many parts of the country. This garden sufiFered much more
than in the previous winters, in which the loss had been that
usual in the general run of rose-gardens. The greater mortality
was not among the standard sorts, but mainly in the unusual
and less popular varieties. The severity of the winter was
indicated by the damage done to Hybrid Perpetuals, which
never before in the history of the New York Botanical Garden
had been so damaged. It has not been the custom to protect
this type in any manner in previous years, and the spring has
found them in excellent condition, the wood alive to the very
tips of the canes. But the winter of 1919-20 presented such
conditions that almost without exception the Hybrid Perpetuals
were burned or killed back to the ground.

Following is a partial list of the roses in this garden, grouped
according to types. Only those varieties of which 80 per cent
or more were alive in June, 1920, have been included. Hy-
brid Perpetuals, Hybrid Sweet Briers, Mosses, and others have
not been included, the list covering only the four more popular
types, viz : Hybrid Tea, Tea, Pernetiana, and Dwarf Polyantha.
The figures following the name indicate the percentage of plants
alive in June of 1920.

Aladdin, 100.
Amalie de Greiff, 100.
Amateur Teyssier, 80.
Antoine Rivoire, 86.
Apotheker Georg Hofer, 100.
Augustine Guinoisseau, 100.
Augustus Hartmann, 80.
Betty, 92.
British Queen, 100.
Charles J. Grahame, 100.
Chateau de Clos Vougeot, 100.
Cheerful, 86.
Cherry Page, 100.
Chrissie Mackellar, 100.
Col. Leclerc, 92.
Columbia, 83.

Comte. G. de Rochemur, 100.
Crimson Chatenay, 80.
Crimson Emblem, 100.
Crimson Queen, 100.
Donald Macdonald, 100.
Dora Hansen, 100.
Duchess of Sutherland, 100.
Duchess of Westminster, 83.
Ecarlate, 100.

HYBRID TEAS

Edith Part, 86.
Edward Bohane, 100.
Ellen Willmott, 100.
Etoile de France, 100.
Flame of Fire, 100.
Florence Haswell Veitch, 10.
Florence Pemberton, 97.
Friedrichsruh, 100.
General MacArthur, 88.
General - Superior Arnold

Janssen, 100.
Gloire des Beiges, 100.
Gloire des Rosomanes (Ragged

Robin) H. Ben, 100.
Gloire Lyonnaise, 100.
Grange Colombe, 100.
Grossherzog Friedrich, 100.
Gruss an Teplitz, 100.
Gustav Griinerwald, 100.
Helen Gould, 88.
Hon. Ina Bingham, 100.
H. V. Machin, 93.
Imogen, 86.
Indiana, 100.
Irish Glory, 100.

Isobel, 100.

Jacques Porcher, 100.

J. B. Clark, 100.

Johanna Sebus, 88.

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, 92.

Killarney, 92.

Killarney Brilliant, 80.

King George V, 100.

K. of K., 100.

Konigin Carola, 100.

Lady Alice Stanley, 96.

Lady Ashtown, 100.

Lady Greenall, 100.

Lady Pirrie, 100.

Lady Ursula, 83.

La Tosca, 83.

Lieut. Chaur6, 100.

Magnafrano, 83.

Mary, Countess of Ilchester,

83.
Melanie Niedieck, 100.
Mevrouw Dora Van Tets, 83.
Milady, 100.

Mile. Simone Beaumez, 100.
Mme. Caroline Testout, 92.

ROSES AT NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 85

Mme. C. Chambard, 83.
Mme. Jules Bouch6, 100.
Mme. Jules Grolez, 88.
Mme. Leon Pain, 92.
Mme. Marcel Delanney, 100.
Mme. Maurice de Luze, 86.
Mme. Paul Euler, 86.
Mrs. Aaron Ward, 97.
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 100.
Mrs. Bertram J. Walker, 100.
Mrs. David Jardine, 83.
Mrs. Dudley Cross, 100.
Mrs. Edward Powell, 100.
Mrs. Franklin Dennison, 88.
Mrs. George Gordon, 100.
Mrs. G. W. Kershaw, 100.
Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, 83.
Mrs. Joseph H. Welch, 83.
Mrs. MacKellar, 100.
Mrs. Marshall Field, 86.
Mrs. P. L. Baudet, 100.

Hybrid Teas, continued

Mrs. R. D. McClure, 100.

Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, 100.

Mrs. T. Hillas, 80.

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-
Miller, 94.

Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 90.

Old-Gold, 83.

Ophelia, 93.

Otto von Bismarck, 93.

Panama, 98.

Perle von Godesberg, 80.

Pharisaer, 94.

Pink Ophelia, 100.

Primerose, 83.

Queen Beatrice, 100.

Queen of the Belgians, Arv.,
100.

Queen of Fragrance, 88.

Radiance, 98.

Red-letter Day, 88.

Red Radiance, 95.

Reine Marguerited'Italie, 100.
Ren6e Wilmart-Urban, 100.
Richmond, 97.
Robert Huey, 100.
Robin Hood, 100.
Rodhatte (Red Cap), 100.
September Morn, 100.
Souv. de Gustave Prat, 100.
Souv. de Maria de Zayas, 100.
Souv. du Pres. Carnot, 100.
Ulster Gem, 100.
Veluwezoom, 83.
Viscountess Folkestone, 93.
Walter Speed, 86.
W. E. Lippiatt, 100.
White Killarney, 84.
White, Mme. Caroline Tes-

tout, 100.
William Cooper, 100.
Winnie Davis, 100.

Blumenschmidt, 100.
Hugo Roller, 100.
Maman Cochet, 93.

TEAS

Marie Van Houtte, 100.
Mile. Franzisca Kruger, 88.
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 100.

Souv. de Pierre Notting, 100.
White Maman Cochet, 93.

PERNETIANAS

Constance, 80. Juliet, 100. Mme. Ruau, 80.

Grande Duchesse Marie- Ade- Louise Catherine Breslau, 91. Willowmere, 93.
laide, 83. Mme. Edouard Herriot, 91.

Ada Redfield, 100.
Baby Dorothy, 100.
Baby Farbenkonigin, 100.
Baby Lyon, 100.
Baby Rambler, 100.
Baby Tausendschon, 100.
Cecile Brunner, 93.
Charlotte Maerts, 100.
Clotilda Soupert, 100.
Echo, 100.
Ellen Poulsen, 100.
Erna Teschendorff, 100.

DWARF POLYANTHAS

Eugenie Lamesch, 100.
George Elger, 96.
Greta Kluis, 100.
Gruss an Aachen, 100.
Henriette Perier, 100.
Jacques Kneppers, 100.
Jessie, 100.

Katharina Zeimet, 100.
Katzchen Meisner, 100.
Maman Turbat, 100.
Marie Brissonet, 100.
Marie Pa vie, 100.
Martha Keller, 100.

Mignonette, 100.
Miss Edith Cavell, 100.
Mme. Jules Gouchault, 100.
Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, 100.
Mrs. Wm. Konig, 100.
Orleans, 100.
Paquerette, 100.
Perle d'Or, 100.
Phyllis, 100.
Tip-Top, 100.
Triomphe Orleanais, 100.
Yvonne Rabier, 100.

The above lists only indicate the hardiness of the various
kinds. Other characteristics come into question which make
some of them of much more decorative value than others.

MORE PUBLIC ROSE-GARDENS

It is known that no part of the great park system of Hartford,
Conn., is so efficient in attracting visitors — the proper purpose of
all parks — as the Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden. Why not have
many more park rose-gardens established in ig2i ?

Roses at Kew Gardens, England

By J. COUTTS
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England

Editor's Note. — With peculiar pleasure the Editor remembers the great
beauty of a bed of the Hybrid Tea, Pharisaer, seen at Kew in November,
1913. It is to the kindness of Mrs. N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanic
Gardens, that we owe the opportunity to learn of the rose at the greatest of
the world's botanic gardens, through one of the officials.

SOME twenty-five years ago it was generally considered that
the conditions at Kew were unfavorable for rose-growing,
and garden roses were represented by a few Hybrid Perpet-
uals and several varieties of so-called "buttonhole" roses, such
as Mignonette and Paquerette. About that time an extended
trial of various Tea and Hybrid Tea varieties was made, and
proved, on the whole, so successful that their cultivation has
gradually been extended until today the collection includes sev-
eral thousand plants, and, considering the conditions, they do
remarkably well. The soil is sand and gravel — an old river-bed,
in fact — and for this reason the beds have to be filled with pre-
pared soil. The situation is very low and it is damp during the
winter months, while during the summer we frequently get
very hot dry spells. The plants are never protected in any
way, and during the last twelve to fifteen years there have been
no losses from frost, with the exception of one large bed of
William Allen Richardson, and that was really old and worn-out;
it had previously come through a more severe winter unharmed.
The only losses experienced were after pruning, this apparently
resulting from the cold drying east winds which we get every
spring. A certain number of weak plants fail to start into growth,
but, as a rule, this usually only amounts to two or three dozen,
which cannot be considered excessive out of a collection of over
three thousand plants.

Being a public garden, we require roses that grow well and
flower freely throughout the season. All varieties that do not
come up to the requirements are soon discarded. The planting
is restricted to one variety in a bed. Some of the beds contain
two dozen plants, but the most of them are fairly large and take
about fifty, while in others as many as six dozen are used. The

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ROSES AT KEW GARDENS, ENGLAND 87

latter are mostly devoted to strong-growing varieties, such as
Hugh Dickson, Frau Karl Druschki, Gustave Regis, Lady
Waterlow, and the like. They are planted wider apart than the
less vigorous-growing sorts, and the strong shoots pegged down,
results proving that this is the best way to grow these varieties.

A certain number of the more perpetual flowering varieties
of the Hybrid Perpetuals are represented, also Teas, Chinas, and
dwarf Polyanthas. Of the latter there is a set of beds planted
with a few of the best varieties, of which Orleans, Jessie, Mrs.
W. H. Cutbush, Katharina Zeimet may be mentioned.

Among some of the Teas that do well are Lady Hillingdon,
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Corallina, Mme. Antoine Mari, Alexander
Hill Gray, Mme. Lambard, and Molly Sharman-Crawford. But
the larger part of the collection is devoted to the Hybrid Teas,
and they, as already stated, are restricted to good bedding
varieties, there being no attempt to grow any of the purely
exhibition roses. Of course, many of the so-called bedding
varieties are fit for exhibition if disbudded and specially grown
for that purpose.

Some of the beds have been planted from twelve to fifteen
years and during that time not a single plant has been replaced.
These include such fine garden roses as Mme. Caroline Testout,
which makes bushes five feet high and were in gorgeous bloom
throughout September, La Tosca, Mme. Ravary, and Grace
Darling. Others that have been planted from eight to ten years
are, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. A. R. Waddell, General MacArthur,
Earl of Warwick, Cherry Page, and White Killarney. Lady
Pirrie has proved to be one of our best roses. A bed planted
some eight years ago has made bushes four to five feet high and
last season many of the young shoots were four feet long, and,
in some cases, carried as many as 65 flowers and buds on one
shoot. Unfortunately, all roses do not behave in this way, for
many fine varieties grow and flower well for several years, when
they get worn out and have to be replaced. Two new roses, Los
Angeles and Prince Charming, grown for the first time last
season, did especially well. Prince Charming flowered with
wonderful freedom all season, but I doubt whether it will grow
strong enough to form a bed of any size. Los Angeles, too, was
a very free bloomer and promises to be an acquisition, as it be-

88 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

longs to the Pernetiana group, our experiences with which, so
far, have not been over-happy, the best one for our work being
Louise Catherine Breslau.

We grow a good many varieties on their own roots. The
Dwarf Polyanthas root readily and grow freely, as also do
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Princesse de Sagan, Comtesse du Cayla,
Mme. Caroline Testout, Mme. Abel Chatenay, Frau Karl
Druschki, La Tosca, Cherry Page, Ecarlate, Radiance, Clara
Watson, General Schablikine, Ophelia, Moonlight, and Danae;
some of these are represented by beds entirely on their own roots.
A large bed of Mme. Caroline Testout has been planted nine
years and not a plant has died during that time. All the climbing
Polyantha and Wichuraiana hybrids root freely and grow well
on their own roots. The best of them are grown on the pergola
or in large groups in a more natural manner in the rose dell.

Among the dwarf single-flowering roses that have proved
suitable for bedding purposes, Princess Mary, crimson-scarlet,
and Isobel, a carmine-red rose flushed with coppery scarlet,
with pure yellow base to the petals, may be mentioned as
especially fine; both flower freely right through the season.
Isobel is, possibly, the finest single bedding rose we have at
present. It has wonderful substance and lasts in a cut state for
several days without dropping its petals.

On the whole, we have little trouble with fungoid diseases or
insect pests, the most troublesome being mildew and green-fly,
and both are easily dealt with if taken in time. Spraying with
liver of sulphur (sulphide of potassium), one-half ounce to a
gallon of water, to which a little soft soap is added, usually
proves effective in the case of mildew. For green-fly, a paraffin
emulsion to which a solution of tobacco is added is always used.

NEW IDEAS IN ROSE-GROWING

Do you have them, Mr. or Mrs. Rose Annual
Reader? If so, don't be exclusive; "tell the world"
through the Annual! The Editor {at Harrisburg,
Pa.,) is anxious to act as your switchboard for
information.

Select Roses for a Washington Garden

By CHAS. E. F. GERSDORFF, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — No more careful experimenter with roses can be found
than Mr. Gersdorff, to whose patient ability the accuracy and completeness of
the Official List of American Roses (page 173 of this Annual) is due, and who
has also contributed the article on "Our Native Roses," beginning page 34.

ON planning my first rose-garden, I was immediately con-
fronted with difficulties, particularly as to the selection of
varieties. All were glowingly described, and I was led to
believe that all were of the best and would make for me a
beautiful garden. One season was enough to convince me that
fine descriptions were not alone to be depended upon in the
selection of varieties. At this time there were no suggestions
offered by the trade, while now they are of too general a char-
acter, covering, as they do, the whole of the country. In the
same section many roses vary in hardiness, productiveness,
and quality of bloom.

Feeling the need of accurate data bearing on conditions here,
I have for the past few years collected this information and have
incorporated it in the form of a list of some of the best roses with
full descriptions. I have relied upon the Arlington Rose-Test
Garden, the report of Mr. A. P. Greeley of this city, as given
in the 1918 and 1919 Annuals, and my own garden, where
during the past five years I have tested some hundred or more
different varieties.

Hybrid Perpetuals. — Roses in this class, known in France as
Remontant roses because most of them there bloom again in
the fall, are noted for their wealth of bloom and fragrance in
the spring, and will withstand the winters here.

AMERICAN HYBRID PERPETUALS

Jubilee. Large, well-shaped blooms of deep velvety crimson. Foliage suffi-
cient and healthy. Growth medium to tall. Hardy. Averages 57 blooms per
season. Scored 88 points by the judges of the American Rose Society as grown
in Arlington Rose-Test Garden in 1919.

Marshall P. Wilder. A very handsome rose with extra-large, full flowers of
deep dark red. Sufficient healthy foliage. Growth averages medium, with most
bloom in spring, a little in fall, giving a total of about 71. Hardy.

Oakmont. Flowers peach-pink, fragrant, and of good size. Sufficient healthy

(89)

90 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

foliage. Growth tall. Blooms mostly in spring, with an occasional showing in
the fall, a total of about 132. Hardy.

FOREIGN HYBRID PERPETUALS

Frau Karl Druschki. Blooms very large, of excellent form, double; the pur-
est white in existence. Growth strong and vigorous; stems medium to long.
Blooms abundantly in spring and if kept growing will give many flowers in
autumn. Averages from 50 to 129 blooms per season. Very hardy.

J. B. Clark. Blooms very large and full, intense deep scarlet, shaded with
blackish crimson. Rampant grower. At its best when planted in a partially
shaded position where only morning and filtered afternoon sim will reach it;
in full sun the color bleaches. Averages 80 blooms. Hardy.

John Keynes. Rich dark cherry-red blooms; delightfully fragrant. Foliage
sufficient to plentiful. Tall. Averages 64 to 148 blooms per season. Hardy.

Magna Charta. Flowers rosy pink in color; very fragrant. Foliage suffi-
cient. Growth tall. Abundant bloomer, averaging 50 per season. Hardy.

Mme. Gabriel Luizet. Blooms silvery pink, full and fragrant. Growth me-
dium to tall. Foliage plentiful. Averages 50 to 141 blooms a season. Hardy.

Mrs. John Laing. Long buds; extremely large, cup-shaped, fragrant pink
flowers. Strong grower; free bloomer, averaging 50 blooms. Hardy.

Ulrich Brunner. Extra-large flowers of light red, bordering on scarlet or
crimson. Foliage plentiful. A very vigorous grower. Not quite so free in
bloom — about 30 blooms per season, on long stems. Hardy.

Hybrid Teas, Teas, and Tea-Polyanthas. — Of these the Teas
are tender, though with shght protection and planting in shel-
tered locations, such as the south side of a house or fence, they
will live and thrive here. The Tea-Polyanthas combine the
fragrance, color, size, and everblooming qualities of the Teas
with the hardiness, vigor, and cluster-forming qualities of the
Multifloras or Polyanthas,

Wherever directions are given to prune to a definite number
of eyes, this is for the production of quality flowers, and the
number of blooms given per season are the result of such prun-
ing, except when no directions are given.

AMERICAN HYBRID TEAS

Cardinal.] Flowers cardinal-red — color blues; form fair; fragrance good
and enduring. Foliage susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth bushy but not
tall; average stem. Averages 48 blooms per season. Prune to 5 eyes. Hardy.

General MacArthur* Bright crimson blooms, tending to blue; fragrance
strong and enduring; buds attractive. Foliage sufficient, slightly susceptible
to spot. Of average growth; fair stem; poor grower on own roots. Steady
bloomer, but shy, totaling about 35 flowers in season. Prune to 5 eyes. Hardy.

Isabella Sprunt.X (Tea.) Pale yellow flowers, large to medium in size.

*Budded or grafted

tBudded or grafted, and own root.

jOwn root. I found that the own-root roses were most satisfactory.

ROSES FOR A WASHINGTON GARDEN 91

Foliage sufficient, healthy. Growth vigorous; needs a southern exposure. Gives
about 104 blooms per season. Fairly hardy. Scored 94 points by judges of
American Rose Society as grown in Arlington Rose-Test Garden in 1919.

Killdrney Queen.'\ Medium to large blooms of good form, lasting fairly
well; color bright pink. Fair foliage. Growth vigorous; long stems. Gives 30
to 40 blooms per season under favorable conditions. Prune to 5 eyes. Hardy.

Mrs. Charles J. BeU.% A lovely shade of soft or shell-pink on sahnon back-
ground; beautiful in bud or open flower. Fine foliage. Growth of the best.
Continually in flower. Averages 45 blooms per season. Prune to 6 eyes. Hardy.

Panama. % Large, globular blooms of dainty peach-pink, inside of petals
creamy white. Foliage sufficient, healthy. Medium height. Averages 42 blooms
per season. Hardy.

Pink Sowpert.X Blooms medium to large for the class, cup form, clear bright
pink; strong, enduring fragrance. Foliage good and plentiful. Growth vigorous;
bushy; stems short to medium. Constantly in bloom, averaging 174 to 200
blooms per season. Hardy.

Radiance.t Blooms medium to large, light silvery flesh, outside of petals
salmon-pink — color blues slightly; fragrance fair to strong. Lasts well in color,
fragrance, and form. Foliage slightly subject to mildew and spot. Very strong
growth and long stems; slightly weak in the neck. Gives an average of 51
blooms per season when pruned to 6 eyes. Hardy. Scored 95 points in 1919.

Red Radiance.X (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1916.) Clear rich red.

Red Radiance.X H.T. (Gude Bros., 1916.) A dark, rich red, darker than
Pierson's. Both sports from Radiance. Large to extra-large flowers; quite
fragrant; fine form; lasting about five days. Foliage fine, sufficient. Growth
vigorous, bushy; medium to long stems, stronger than Radiance. Free-blooming,
average 45 blooms when pruned to 6 eyes. Hardy. Given 97 points in 1919.

Robin Hood.] Flowers soft rosy scarlet, changing to scarlet-crimson as the
season advances; fragrance above the average; of average size. Foliage especi-
ally good. Very good growth; stem long. About 42 blooms, pruned to 5 eyes.
Hardy.

Souvenir of Wootton.X The first Hybrid Tea raised in the United States.
Cup-shaped, double flowers of a rosy crimson; very fragrant. Fine healthy
foliage. Strong grower. Gives 34 blooms per season. Hardy.

Wellesley.X H.T. Flowers silvery pink, resembling the color of La France,
but has better blooming qualities and longer life of plant. Foliage sufficient.
Growth mediiun to tall. Averages 40 blooms per season. Hardy.

White Killarney-X Sport of Killarney. Flowers more double than those of
KUlarney and pvu-e waxy white. Foliage sufficient to plentiful, subject, how-
ever, to mildew. Growth medium. Averages 42 blooms per season. Hardy.

Wm. R. Smith.X Blooms medium to large, full, of excellent form, lasting five
to seven days; color silvery white, shaded peach-pink; strong enduring fra-
grance. Excellent foliage, holding well. Vigorous, spreading growth; stems
long, fine for cutting. Averages 36 blooms per season. Very fine autumn
bloomer. Hardy.

FOREIGN HYBRID TEAS

Grass an Teplitz.X One of the best garden roses. Flowers below medium in
size, dazzling crimson-scarlet. Strong grower. Gives many flowers over a long
period; averages 170 blooms per season. Fine for massing and hedges. Hardy.

Herzog Friedrich II von Anhalt.* Large fine flowers of a pale rosy carmine
with silvery reflections; fragrant. Fine foliage. Good grower. Averages 30
blooms per season. Hardy.

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria.X An old and general favorite. Medium to large,
full, globular blooms of white, shading to creamy yellow in the center. Strong
grower; better budded. Averages 14 to 25 blooms per season. Hardy.

Lady Alice Stanley.X Large, full flowers of fine form; coral-rose and pink.
Good foliage. Medium grower. Averages 34 blooms per season. Hardy.

Lady Ashtown.\ Flowers large, globular, well formed; pale carmine-pink.
Good foliage. Mediiun grower. Averages 40 blooms per season. Hardy.

Lady Hillingdon.X (Tea.) Flowers medium to large, semi-double, but beau-
tiful in bud and open flower; deep apricot-yellow — color variable. Fine leath-
ery foliage. Medium strong, spreading growth. Averages 50 blooms per sea-
son. Hardy.

Lady Ursula. \ A handsome rose of fine fragrance; blooms of fine substance,
smooth flesh-pink. Foliage sufficient. Averages 45 to 99 blooms per season.
Thrives best in soil inclined to dryness. Hardy.

La Tosca.% Blooms fairly double, large, soft pink, shading to rose. Fine
foliage. Strong, vigorous grower. Gives about 45 blooms per season. Hardy.

Laurent Carle.X Flowers large and of fine form; brilliant velvety carmine;
very fragrant. Fine foliage. Good grower. About 40 blooms per season. Hardy.

Mary, Countess of Ilchester.\ Extra large, warm crimson-carmine flowers,
with large, smooth, circular petals; fine perfume. Sufficient foliage. Strong
grower. Gives from 41 to 77 blooms per season. Hardy.

Mile. Franziska Kruger.X (Tea.) Deeply shaded coppery yellow blooms —
color varies. Sufficient foliage of a leathery texture. Low to medium height,
spreading. Averages 25 to 54 blooms per season. Hardy.

Mrs. A. R. Waddell-X Semi-double, soft rosy salmon flowers, suffused with
a golden sheen. Good foliage. Mediiun height; poor grower and bloomer when
budded. Gives from 31 to 62 blooms per season. Hardy.

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller. X Extra-large flowers of blush, shaded sal-
mon. Good foliage. Strong grower, good bedder. Gives 28 to 57 blooms per
season. Hardy.

Ophelia.! Medium to large blooms of extra-fine form, on long stems; sal-
mon-flesh, shading to rose and to a yellow base — more yellow in cool weather.
Fine foliage. Strong grower. Produces an average of 30 blooms a season. Hardy.

Souvenir de Pierre Notting. (Tea.) Large, finely formed buds and flowers
of apricot-yellow, blended with coppery yellow and rose. Good foliage. Strong,
bushy grower. Averages 50 blooms per season. Hardy.

Climbing Roses — Hybrid Multiflora, Hybrid Wichuraiana, and
Climbing Hybrid Tea. — Hybrid Multifloras are seedlings of
crosses between the original Multiflora and other types of roses,
combining the rampant, climbing habit and cluster-forming
tendencies of the Multiflora with the fragrance, color, or free-
blooming qualities of the other parent. This same holds true
for seedlings of crosses between the original Wichuraiana and
other roses. However, many of the latter are also suitable for
trailing purposes and nearly all have beautiful glossy foliage.
The Climbing Hybrid Teas are mostly extra- vigorous sports of
certain bush roses. These do not grow as rampant as the other
two classes and are mostly used for covering pillars.

ROSES FOR A WASHINGTON GARDEN 93

AMERICAN CLIMBING ROSES

American Pillar. H. Mult. Large clusters of very large, single, dark pink
flowers with white center and yellow stamens. Foliage lasts well. Very vig-
orous climber; best as a pillar rose or for fences and walls. Hardy.

Bess Lonett. H.W. Flowers medium to large, clear bright red, full, of fine
form, lasting well; very fragrant. Glossy foliage, like that of Silver Moon. A
vigorous grower and free bloomer. Hardy. Scored 93 points in 1919.

Christine Wright. H.W. Bud perfect; flowers large, double, of good form,
coming singly and in clusters; color a wild-rose pink. Foliage lasts well. Blooms
best in spring; a few flowers in autumn. Suitable for fences. Hardy.

Climbing Wootton. CI. H.T. Flowers rosy crimson, full, cup-shaped, fair to
good form; strong, enduring fragrance. The medium to large flowers come
singly and in small clusters and last three to four days. Fine foliage. Very
vigorous grower. Averages 300 to 500 blooms per season: most in spring, a
few in summpr and autumn. Suitable for arches and pillars. Very hardy.

Dr. W. Van Fleet. H.W. Flowers soft flesh, shading to delicate peach-pink,
and borne on long stems. Foliage very good and lasts well. Very vigorous
grower; blooms well in spring and thereafter scattering ones. Suitable for
arches, pergolas, summer-houses, fences, etc. Hardy.

Excelsa. H.W. The best red climber of its class. Flowers in trusses, dou-
ble, brilliant scarlet-crimson. Glossy green, healthy foliage. Awarded Hub-
bard Gold Medal in 1914. Fine for fences, walls, arches, pergolas, etc. Hardy.

Gardenia. H.W. Finely formed, rich yellow buds, opening into medium
to large, double gardenia-like flowers of creamy white, borne singly or in clus-
ters and lasting well; quite fragrant. Foliage excellent and plentiful, nearly
evergreen. Very vigorous climber if trained, as it has a tendency to trail;
rampant, bushy growth; medium to long stems; profuse bloomer. Best for
walls, fences, and banks. Hardy.

Mary Lovett. H.W. Often termed White Dr. Van Fleet and identical with
that variety except in color, which is pure, waxy white.

Silver Moon. H.W. Large, single, silvery white flowers with golden yellow
stamens. Foliage rich and glossy, lasting well. Very strong grower; free-bloom-
ing; very distinct. Fine for fences, pergolas, arches, etc. Hardy.

ONE FOREIGN CLIMBER

Tausendschon. H. Mult. Differs from every other rose because the enor-
mous clusters of large, double flowers vary in color from pink to white, the buds
on first opening being a light cherry-pink, changing, when fully open, to a
delightful rosy carmine, and then fading to white. At blooming-time the mass
of flowers nearly hides the foliage. Strong, vigorous grower, almost thornless.
Fine for fences, pergolas, arches, etc. Hardy.

BETTER ROSE DESCRIPTIONS

Many complaints are made of the flamboyant des-
scriptions of roses found in some catalogues, long on
adjectives and short on information! Mr. Gersdorff' s
descriptions above tell what you want to know. The
Editor wants other honest descriptions.

Ohio and the Rose-Zone Map

By G. A. STEVENS, Cleveland, Ohio

Editor's Note. — This account of rose experience is candid and open, and
of the sort tending to be most helpful to the amateur rose-grower. Mr. Stevens'
theory as to the reason for the lack of hardiness in own-root roses in his plant-
ing of them seems logical. It is known that constant growth and the absence
of the dormant condition debilitates some plants. Dr. F. W. Coville, the United
States botanist in the Bureau of Plant Industry, has recently published a care-
ful study upon "The Influence of Cold in Stimulating the Growth of Plants,"
which bears upon the subject.

I WAS rather sorry to see that the Rose Map confirmed my
worst suspicions. The intersection of a hne drawn west from

Pittsburgh with one drawn south from Cleveland, indicates
very closely the district in which I have attempted to grow
roses. I have known for a long time that the climate was not
the best in the world for them, but I had no idea that it was
in the same class with the Dakotas and Ontario.

Be that as it may, it is a fact that most of the roses presum-
ably hardy in the latitude of New York are not dependably so
with me. In fact, I can name very few Hybrid Perpetuals or
Hybrid Teas which I can rely upon absolutely to come through
the winter in good blooming condition, even with full protec-
tion. This spring (1920) nearly all my Hybrid Teas and Hybrid
Perpetuals are completely frozen to the ground, and I fully
expect to find that half of them are killed outright, for as yet
(May 20) there is no sign of growth from below the surface.

The lists on pages 97 and 98, which I made up from the
card index of all the roses in my garden last summer, show the
eflfects of the past severe winter. I have endeavored to indicate
somewhat the general location of the plant under consideration,
whether in an exposed or sheltered situation, as well as the
relative amount of protection given for the winter. Where
possible, I have stated the actual length of the canes living
this spring, but where they are frozen to the soil, I have used
the word "Ground."

In addition to the roses listed, the following species are per-
fectly hardy without protection: Multiflora, Wichuraiana,
Setigera; our native rose, which I think is Humilis; Manetti,
Canina, Spinosissima, and Spinosissima altaica. The old-fash-

(94)

OHIO AND THE ROSE-ZONE MAP 95

ioned roses also are hardy, meaning such varieties as Harison's
Yellow, Persian Yellow, a nearly single large white rose, which
I think is a form of Rosa alba; the Moss roses, several varieties
of Cabbage roses, and also a very common, tall-growing, almost
spineless rose with reddish stems and leaves covered with a
bluish bloom somewhat like a raspberry cane, which flowers
very early, before Harison's Yellow, in long wreaths of dark
red blooms which quickly turn purple. The flowers are small,
fragrant, and semi-double. I have never been able to name it.
It is simply called the red rose throughout the country.

I realize that my garden is exposed to the winds from the
west, and that it is subject to much heavier and later frosts
than the surrounding hills, nevertheless, I still feel that real
hardiness will not be attained in roses until they come through
the winter as unscathed as the common lilac does.

OWN-ROOT vs. BUDDED ROSES

Many roses. Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, as
well as climbers, are omitted from the lists because they all
died in the winters previous to 1919. These were all own-root,
greenhouse-grown plants, a fact which compels me to add my
contribution to the old own-root vs. budded controversy.

My first roses, that is, outside of the good old-fashioned roses
which I have known and grown ever since I can remember any-
thing, were greenhouse grown, own-root plants. These were
set out in 1906 or 1907. All of them, except one American
Beauty and one Gen. Jacqueminot, perished the first winter,
and the General gave up the ghost in the second. The American
Beauty still flourishes greatly — perhaps because it has the ad-
vantage of the most sheltered situation on the place.

For some five or six years I contented myself with one- or
two-year roses of this type, knowing of no other, and regularly
lost the whole lot each winter, with the exception of one Boule
de Neige which lived three years.

In the spring of 1917, I began with a few dozen plants of
budded two-year-olds. With the exception of the Duchess of
Wellington, which I have never been able to get to grow, either
budded or on its own roots, all these plants are living yet, and
have bloomed beautifully for three years.

96 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

At the same time, I set out a dozen two-year-old greenhouse-
grown own-root roses of the same varieties, and gave them the
advantage of position, if anything. Of these, I have one sur-
vivor. La France, a huge bush six feet high which blooms but
sparingly. All the others perished the first winter. I also set
out two hundred own-root plants of other varieties, half of
which were Hybrid Perpetuals, and by coddling I have managed
to retain a half dozen or so. In 1918, about two hundred more
of the same type were set out. They are all dead. In 1919, about
fifty were planted, none of which are alive this spring (1920.)

Strange to say, the lists at first glance would indicate that
the own-root roses were the hardiest, as they all have more
living wood this spring than the budded roses, but, considering
that they are the only survivors of more than five hundred of
their kind, and that they have been very carefully protected
for several winters and have had ample time to become thor-
oughly established, the record for own-root roses is poor. All
own-root roses, in my experience, are more tender than the
same varieties on other stocks.

In explanation of this phenomenon, I am inclined to believe
that the own-root greenhouse-grown roses, descended as they
are from a long line of mother plants which have never grown
in any environment other than the greenhouse, are tender
because the hardiness and the vigor the variety possessed when
originated have deteriorated and degenerated under the in-
fluence of artificial and debilitating surroundings. On the other
hand, roses budded in the field from plants that have grown
always out-of-doors from generation to generation, have the
benefit of natural selection, as only the hardier ones live on
from year to year to become parent plants.

I have never seen the logic of an essential difference in the
hardiness of root and branch in the same rose, and I have often
observed that own-root roses were still sound at the root when
entirely dead above the ground; even if they later did fail to
grow. Therefore, I do not blame the own-root for the lack of
hardiness, but the lack of vigor and resistance of the plant
inherited from numerous greenhouse-grown progenitors.

I have emphasized hardiness rather than blooming qualities
in this old argument, because in this climate hardiness is the

OHIO AND THE ROSE-ZONE MAP

97

essential quality. It is possible that own -root roses when well
established would bloom as weU as the budded roses, but I
have never been able to make a comparative test, because the
own-root roses invariably winter-kill before reaching a stage of
development equal to the budded roses when they are set out.
However, until the last year, the own-root roses were so
cheap that, although I knew it was foolish, I have never been
able to resist buying a bunch of them every spring, and in that
way have familiarized myself with a great many more varieties
of roses than I might otherwise have done.

Comparative Hardiness o£ Roses

HYBRID TEAS

Name

Antoine Rivoire

Betty

Chateau de Clos Vougeot . .

Duchess of Albany

Duchess of Wellington . . .

Ellen Willmott

George C. Waud

GrusB an Teplitz

Gruss an Teplitz

Harry Kirk

J. F. Barry

Jonkheer J. L. Mock ....
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . .

Ballarney

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Lady Ursula

La France

Laurent Carle

Los Angeles

Lyon

Mary, Countess of Ilchester .
Mile. Franzisca Kruger . . .
Mme. Caroline Testout . . .
Mme. Edouard Herriot . . .

Mme. Jules Bouch6

Mme. Leon Pain

Mme. Marcel Delanney . . .

Mme. Ravary

Mme. Segond-Weber ....

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. A. R. Waddell

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller

Ophelia

Radiance

Rayon d'Or

Red Radiance

Sunburst

Viscountess Enfield

Willowmere

Stock

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

O.R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Situation

Sheltered

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Sheltered

Sheltered

Sheltered

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Sheltered

Sheltered

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Sheltered

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Protec
tion

Light

Light

Light

Heavy

Light

Light

Light

None

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

None

None

Light

Light

Light

Heavy

Heavy

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Year
Planted

1917
1917
1918
1918
1919
1919
1918
1917
1917
1917
1919
1917
1917
1917
1917
1917
1919
1917
1917
1918
1918
1918
1917
1917
1918
1919
1917
1919
1917
1919
1917
1919
1917
1919
1917
1918
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918

Condition
May, 1920

♦Ground
Ground
3 inches
Dead
Dead
Ground
Dead
24 inches
2 inches
Ground
Dead
Dead
Ground

2 inches
Ground
8 inches

3 inches
48 inches
Ground
Dead
Dead
Dead
Dead

6 inches

Dead

Ground

3 inches

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

2 inches

2 inches

Ground

Ground

Dead

Ground

Ground

Ground

12 inches

Bloom
1919

Good

Good

Fair

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Fine

Fair

Good

Fair

Poor

Fair

Fine

Fine

Fine

Fine

None

Few

Few

Few

None

Fine

Good

Good

Fair

Fine

Fair

Fine

Good

Fine

Good

Fine

Fine

Fair

Fine

Poor

Poor

Poor

Fine

Fine

*As explained in the text, this word denotes the freezing of the plant to the ground.

98

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

HYBRID PERPETUALS

Name

American Beauty . .
Anna de Diesbach .
Baroness Rothschild
Beaute de Lyon . .
Captain Hayward .
Charles Lefebvre . .
Frau Karl Druschki .
Geant des Batailles .
Gen. Jacqueminot .
George Arends . . .
George Dickson . .
J. B. Clark ....

Juliet

La Reine

Magna Charta . . .
Mme. Gabriel Luizet
Mrs. John Laing . .
Mrs. John Laing (*Standard)
Soleil d'Or ....
Ulrich Brunner . .
Victor Verdier . .

Stock

O. R.
O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

O. R.

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

O. R.

Situation P-tf

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

Sheltered

Exposed

Exposed

Exposed

None

Slight

Light

Heavy

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

None

Light

Light

Light

Year Condition
Planted May, 1920

1907
1917
1919
1918
1919
1918
1917
1917
1919
1919
1917
1919
1918
1917
1917
1919
1919
1919
1918
1919
1917

3 feet

1 foot

2 inches

1 inch

4 inches

2 inches

2 inches
12 inches
1 inch

1 inch

3 inches
Dead

1 inch
12 inches
24 inches
1 inch
6 inches
Perfect
Dead
3 inches
12 inches

*A 3-foot standard.

CLIMBERS

Name

Stock

Situation

Protec-
tion

Year
Planted

Condition
May, 1920

Bloom
1919

Baltimore Belle

O. R.

Exposed

None

1919

Perfect

None

Christine Wright No. 1 . .

0. R.

Exposed

Heavy

1918*

Good

Good

Christine Wright No. 2 . .

Budded

Sheltered

Light

1918

Good

Good

Climbing American Beauty

0. R.

Exposed

Heavy

1918*

Poor

Fair

Dr. W. Van Fleet

O. R.

Sheltered

Light

1917

Poor

Fine

Dorothy Perkins

O. R.

Exposed

None

1919

Perfect

None

Excelsa ....

O. R.

Exposed

None

1917

Half dead

Fine

Hiawatha . . .

O. R.

Exposed

None

1918

Perfect

Few

Jersey Beauty .

0. R.

Exposed

None

1919

Dead

Few

Lady Godiva. .

O. R.

Sheltered

None

1917

Perfect

Fine

Tausendschon .

O. R.

Exposed

None

1917

Good

Good

Veilchenblau . .

O. R.

Sheltered

None

1917

Good

Fair

White Dorothy .

O. R.

Exposed

None

1917

Good

Fine

Wm. K. Harris .

0. R.

Sheltered

None

1917

Good

Fine

♦Moved in fall, 1919.

OTHER ROSES, SPECIES, ETC.

Name

Rosa rugosa

Agnes Emily Carman . .

Belle Poitevine

Blanc Double de Coubert
Conrad F. Meyer ....
Rosa rubiginosa ....

Lord Penzance

Meg Merrillies

Stock Situation ^[f^^^- PllSed

O. R.

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Budded

Exposed
Exposed
Exposed
Exposed
Exposed
Exposed
Exposed
Exposed

None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None

1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919

Condition
May, 1920

Perfect

Perfect

Perfect

Perfect

Half dead

Perfect

Poor

Perfect

How To Make Roses Grow

AN EDITORIAL INQUIRY

UNIVERSAL as is the rose, it does not succeed everywhere
with the uniformity of certain other universal plants, such
as the goldenrod, the blackberry, or the burdock. It is a
gift of God which must be nurtured, cultivated, cherished, if it
is to smile on the worker at its best.

Constantly, therefore, the inquiry comes as to how rose pros-
perity may be assured. To write a universal prescription is
easier than to be assured that it is the right prescription. It is
believed that roses will grow anywhere in arable soil with effort
enough, but that effort needs to be suited to the locality, the
soil, and the aims in mind. It was with this general thought in
view that the Editor asked various successful rose-growers to
tell how it has been done. Brief extracts from their replies follow.

A rose friend in eastern Pennsylvania, Mr. George Christine,
of Allentown, set out his view as follows :

My rose-bed has a northern exposure, with sunshine all day. In this com-
munity frost 12 inches deep is common, but rarely 30 inches. In forming my
rose-bed, which is a rectangle of 5 by 10 feet, I excavated to about 30 inches in
depth. With a wheelbarrow I hauled the soil from a nearby forest — leaf-mould,
which is pure humus, and about one-foiu-th of subsoil. I added to each barrow-
load half a bushel of air-slaked lime, and then thoroughly mixed it with the
humus and the subsoil. The only fertilizer I use is the liquid obtained by soak-
ing fresh cow-manure in water. A pint of this plant-food, once a week is suflfi-
cient for the average stalk.

For winter protection I bank the stalks 12 inches high with the bed soil,
and then when the ground is frozen I cover the whole bed with a liberal amount
of horse manure. I grow my roses by two methods — the low bud and the
own-root. Both succeed equally and very satisfactorily.

You can make hens lay and cows give milk and rose bushes bloom, but I
will whisper in your ears, Mr. Editor, that in order to do so you must be
"Johnny-on-the-spot" every time.

One of the most energetic and helpful friends of the American
Rose Society is Miss Carrie Harrison, a worker in the Com-
mittee on Membership, who makes roses grow at her home in
Brookland, Washington, D. C. Her prescription follows:

Some ten years ago I was in Hammerfest, Norway, for some days. One of
the most attractive things there was the window-boxes, glorious in color and
foliage. I passed a house where a woman was watering her treasures. I lifted
the knocker and when she responded I asked her how in this farthest north did
she produce such blooms. She invited me in and said in untranslatable Nor-

(99)

100 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

wegian: "I just love them up." An intelligent, tender, sympathetic love will
make roses grow in any soil, in any locality, and in any climate.

In Brookland, D. C., I have a hillside of heavy clay facing north. For my
rose-beds I dug trenches 3 feet wide and 30 inches deep. I wheeled the clay away
to fill a hole. I then put in cinders, bones, all I could get, begging all the neighbors
had. Next I bought the best dirt I could at $2 a load to fill the trenches. I
bought the best and most scientifically named roses I could find.

If I went for a walk or a visit I took my brains with me and some small bags
in my knitting kit. I always secured something to present to the roses as food
when I came back.

When people tell me they can't grow roses but they just adore them, I am
reminded of a man who wrote to ask us if it were true that some people are
poison to plants! Yes, it is true; and if a rose bush is not loved it will die.

Through Miss Harrison's kindness, Dr. S. L. Jodidi, Organic
Chemist in the oflSce of Plant Physiological and Fermentation
Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States
Department of Agriculture, provides an important statement
with respect to the soil-treatment which will make roses grow:

The rose, which produces in quantity a wonderful variety of colors and
aromas more beautiful and pleasant than any other known flower, and adds so
much to our enjoyment, certainly deserves to be treated fairly and squarely.
In return for the beautiful flowers it so bountifully showers upon us, it ought to
be given all the plant-food it possibly can take care of. The question naturally
arises: What should we do in order to meet this requirement.'' "Add humus to
the rose-bed," is our advice, except for peat soils.

While a clayey soil is naturally richer in plant-food than a sandy soil, neither
does full justice to the rose. The former must be improved physically to permit
of better aeration, drainage, and the like; the latter chemically, by the addition
of nutritive elements. Both objects may best be attained by adding very late
in the fall or early winter, as soon as the flowers become dormant, some manure
to the rose-bed and mixing it with the soil, by careful spading, early in the spring.
This simple treatment will improve the texture of the clayey soil, render it more
friable, and make it richer in nitrogen and potash, and the like, while the particles
of the sandy soil will be made coherent by the humus added, as well as prevent
erosion and washing away of the soil, to say nothing of the nitrogen, phosphorus,
lime, and the other elements with which it will be enriched by manuring.

When manure is not obtainable, the addition to the soil of wood ashes, or
even of fine sifted ashes from our furnaces (both of which contain some potash,
lime, and phosphorus) will do some good. However, whenever possible the
treatment of the rose-bed with manure, once a year as indicated, will not fail to
bring excellent results.

Easily the dean of rose-growers in Pennsylvania, and indeed
in the Middle States, Dr. Robert Huey writes from the stand-
point of a lifetime's experience with his hints on soil preparation :

A bed 2 feet in depth and 3 feet in width for Hybrid Teas, and 4 feet for
Hybrid Perpetuals, if well made, is satisfactory. This will accommodate a
double row, which is best "staggered."

Drainage is most important. If the soil is naturally porous and drains freely.

HOW TO MAKE ROSES GROW 101

that is sufBcient, but unless this is the case artificial drainage must be resorted
to; in extreme cases tile drainage is necessary. A most successful rose-bed was
made by Mr. Edwin M. Rosenbluth of Wallingford, Pa., on a layer of hard-
pan several feet thick by exploding small dynamite cartridges beneath the
layer through holes made by a crowbar at intervals of 4 feet. The drainage
which had been absolutely nil became and remained perfect.

The rose is a greedy feeder and must be supplied liberally. Cow-manure is
universally recognized to be the best food, but in the vicinity of large cities the
supply is not equal to the demand, and that which can be procured is usually of
inferior quality, because it is commonly exposed to the weather and so leached
out by the rain and sun.

The late Mr. Heacock, of Wyncote, Pa., whose roses excited the wonder
and admiration of all at a New York show, was unable to produce sufficient good
cow-manure for his purposes, so established a dairy farm, from whence he had
an adequate supply of a quality unsurpassed. By this aid he deservedly won
the first prizes and an additional gold medal for excellence. Success in growing
roses will depend largely on the quality and quantity of the fertilizer used.

The soil for a rose-bed should be a heavy loam, containing some clay,
especially if the plants are budded on Canina stock. If the soil at hand is not
sufficiently heavy, it will pay to bring clay from any reasonable distance.

The lower half of the bed may be filled with the best of the subsoil, enriched
with one part of manure to three of subsoil and thoroughly mixed; then a layer
of chopped sod and finally finished with good top soil and manure in the same
proportions.

When the bed has settled the siu-face should be at least an inch below the
adjacent ground in order to conserve the rainfall and prevent washing.

Shortly after this Annual reaches the members of the
American Rose Society, Mr. W. C. Egan, of Highland Park, Ills.,
will celebrate his eightieth birthday. His garden is not an easy
place for roses. He makes them succeed because he loves them
and studies their needs. He has always to face the bitter winds
from off Lake Michigan. His helpful contribution follows:

My soil is a yellow clay loam, an ideal one for roses and for most plants.
The main source for food is in the clay portion, which predominates, but it
needs working and the addition of humus in order to liberate the food contents.
Barnyard manure is the best for this purpose, especially when preparing the
bed. The general opinion is that cow-manure is the best, and it may be for sandy
soils, but I can see no difference in the results obtained here whichever one is
used. I asked an old Scotch gardener once what the secret was in growing roses,
and he replied, "Dig deep and manm-e well."

I like to make the bed in the fall and manure it well. My soil is well tile-
drained and of good depth so that if I work it for a distance of 2 to 2j/^ feet I
am going deep enough. The soil to this depth is thrown out and after the bottom
is loosened up with a grub hoe a layer oi fresh manure 8 to 10 inches deep is placed
in the bottom and well tramped down. This finally settles down to a few inches
thick and is well rolled before the roots of newly planted roses call on it for food,
and being fresh, contains juices that drain down into the soil below and fertilize
it. Over this I place about 6 inches of soil, then a few inches of old manure, and
again 6 inches of soil and so on until the bed is some 6 inches high above the
siurrounding soil. This mixture is then thoroughly forked over to a depth of

102 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

18 inches, which completely incorporates the manure and soil. This is the soil
the newly planted roots wUl come in contact with, and by spring it wiU be in
admirable condition to receive them. They do not require any more stimulants
until one year after planting. During the summer the surface of the bed is kept
free from weeds and lightly cultivated, especially after rains or watering.

The following spring, and each spring afterward, I take the soil from around
the base of the plant deep enough to get below the graft, remove any suckers
found below the union, sprinkle a good-sized handful of bone-meal over the
hole, and then fill back the soil.

After the full June bloom is over, I thoroughly cultivate the whole bed and
scatter bone-meal or shredded manm-e over it, scratching it in. Then I cover the
bed some 3 to 4 inches deep with spent manure — manure that has done duty the
previous winter covering perennials. To insure neatness in appearance, I run
the manure through a coarse screen, eliminating coarse straw. There is value
in spent manure as a mulch for while roses like the sun, they do not like it beat-
ing down on their roots. The mulch keeps the soil cool and prevents it from
baking. Lawn grass clippings will do, but when saving these until wanted, do
not pile them thickly, or they will ferment and become a useless mass.

When in full bud, I give all but those recently planted a dose of manure-
water, first watering them with the hose and repeating every two weeks until
about the middle of September. Maniu-e water is easily made by taking a barrel
with its head made into a removable cover. Insert a molasses spigot near the
bottom of the barrel and fill a grain sack with manvu-e, tying it tight at the top,
make a stool or rack about 10 inches high and place it in the bottom of the barrel
on which place the bag. The molasses spigot does not clog as the ordinary ones
generally do. Dilute the juices as drawn from the tub with water until the
mixture is the color of weak tea.

St. Catharines, Ontario, is a fine little community almost
within sound of the great cataract at Niagara Falls. It has a
live horticultural society, and its rose shows every year are a
joy. It has also a very live citizen in Hon. W. B. Burgoyne, who
is always editor of the St. Catharines Standard, usually presi-
dent of the St. Catharines Horticultural Society, and once, at
least, has been mayor of the town. He has done his town a
great service in giving it a Civic Rose-Garden, which was
established in 1919 in Montebello Park, and which he has,
since its origination, supported by further additions and helpful
contributions. A picture of the condition in 1920 of this garden
appears in Plate XIII, facing page 117, of this Annual. Mr. Bur-
goyne's work goes far beyond the mere paying of money, for he
loves roses and works with them. His contribution to this
symposium tells of the effort to get the very best results in the
Civic Rose-Garden at St. Catharines:

May I make a paragraph with reference to the Civic Rose-Garden.'' Monte-
bello Park, in which the garden is planted, is on the line of a high gravel ridge
running through the city. The gravel was excavated to a depth of a couple of

HOW TO MAKE ROSES GROW 103

feet and clay substituted therefor — a clay said to be well suited for roses, not of
the blue variety. In the fall they were well mulched with maniu-e, and last year
(the second after planting) finer roses could not be grown out-of-doors than
bloomed in this garden. In my own garden the soil also was very light, and early
in December last I had the plants all taken up, the light soil excavated and 6
inches of clay put in the beds and then filled with the soil in which the bushes
had been growing for years. After replanting I had the beds covered with a good
quantity of well-rotted cow-manure and a thick coating of leaves.

One of the livest rose societies in the United States is the
Auburn Rose Society, of Auburn, N. Y. Its honorary president
is Mr. David M. Dunning, and he is a rose-man who works at
his hobby successfully and continuously. The results he gets
may be noted on Plate XII, facing page 118. Mr. Dunning pro-
vides the following succinct hints :

Rosarians are born, not made. Unless one has an unquenchable latent desire
to succeed with roses, a desire that becomes irresistible when once aroused,
he will not succeed. There is nothing so potent to awaken this desire as an
exhibition of roses; next comes the various publications and illustrations on
rose-cultm-e; next a healthy body and an active mind.

The successfiil rose-grower knows the names of every one of his roses, gives
them each an intimate personality, and loves to converse with them and call
them by name, when cultivating, pruning, and caring for them.

Whenever you see beautiful roses you may know that there is at least one
true rose-lover there. It may be the owner, or it may be the gardener, or it
may be some member of the family, but there must be one true rose-lover there
or they will not thrive, for money alone will not do it.

Finally, feed — feed — feed, and then some more feed just for good measm-e.

Another member of the Auburn Rose Society is Miss Matilda
Jacobs. She tells how and why she succeeds in a cold and
difficult climate, as follows:

We are three miles east of Cayuga Lake, with sandy loam and 20 feet down
to a rock bottom. My small rose-garden of about forty roses was dug about
2^/^ feet deep, stones and sods in the bottom, filling up with earth taken out.
I get roses from the best places, and plant according to their directions, trimming
as they advise. When growing well, I water the roots with a quart of liquid
cow-manure to each plant once a week. If the ground is dry, I water it before
putting on the manure-water. At least once in a season, when the soil is not
wet, I thoroughly mix in the soil around each plant a half-pint of lime. I keep
the ground well raked between and around the plants. In the fall, after hilling
up, I fill the trenches with stable manure and in the spring rake the earth back
over it. The main thing, however, that makes the roses grow and bear fine
roses is that I dust them thoroughly once a week with a fine powder — sulphm*,
arsenate of lead, and tobacco, using for the purpose a hand-duster gun.

It will be remembered by readers of the 1919 Annual that
Mr. George R. Mann, of Little Rock, Ark., wrote entertainingly
of "The Making of a Rose Enthusiast and His Garden." Mr.

104 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mann has had trouble to continue his success, and the way he
surmounted his trouble may help someone else:

I have not lost my rose enthusiasm, although it had a most awful wrench
during the last two seasons. But it is like the nut grass that grows in my garden;
you can discourage it, but you can't kill it.

My roses started going to the bad during the season of 1919, and last year
was worse than ever. Last fall I decided that my troubles were caused by the
fact that our city water is clarified by the use of sulphate of iron and that my
ground had become impregnated with that substance. I suppose you know that
this is the material used for killing weeds. So I excavated my beds to the depth
of 2 feet, wasting the soil. I found the soil in miserable condition, dead-like
and gummy, and the roots of the roses practically all rotted off to stubs.

In making over my beds I found a clay bank of bright yellow clay that
had quite a bit of sand mixed with it. (I say yellow clay because an old friend,
who has been somewhat of a rose enthusiast for many years, says that the yellow
clay grows roses better than the red clays.) I then mixed my soil by using six
barrows of the clay, three barrows of thoroughly rotted cow-maniu-e, and two of a
material contained in the crevices and cracks along the river, locally known as
"buck-shot," which is simply the decomposed vegetable matter, probably mixed
with some clay that is left along the river after high water. This substance is
black and can be found in the South along any stream that is subject to overflow.

All the above materials were thoroughly incorporated together, well tamped
in courses of 6 inches, and in the bottom course I mixed a large pail of lime to each
20 square feet of bed. I have always found that an occasional top dressing of
decomposed cow-manm-e, that had been sprinkled with lime while green, was
an advantage. My beds are well drained.

My soil certainly looks as though it would grow anything and the new roses
received last fall are growing wonderfully. I anticipate having many flowers this
season. I am going to cover my beds with ground peat moss this season and
trust to heaven for water, as I certainly shall not use our hydrant water.

Few more discriminating rose-growers live in America than

Mrs. Francis King, the President of the Woman's National

Farm and Garden Association, whose garden is at Alma, Mich.

She tells about it as follows :

The soil and conditions in our part of Michigan greatly favor the growing of
hardy roses, I believe. The large rose-garden of Mrs. Edward Lowe, Holmdene,
Grand Rapids, has for several years, too, shown what Hybrid Teas can do in oiu*
cool summers and cold winters. In my own garden, the soil is a rich loam on clay;
it is heavily manured each spring by forking in the foot-high piles of old, well-
rotted stable manure with which each plant is supplied in November for winter
protection. Hybrid Perpetuals kill back to the tops of these piles; Hybrid Teas
much lower. The fact that Los Angeles has lived and done well with me for
three years — not wonderfully well, but fairly well — shows that with such care as
this. Teas can be used in our latitude. Except for this use of manure and a little
bone-meal, when plants are in bud, we do not feed our plants. For an insecticide
I believe in nothing so firmly as in X-L-All, a splendid general remedy for every
trouble of the rose, except for black-spot; and when that appears we strip and
burn the leaves, and turn to a copper solution. Dwarf and climbing ramblers do
remarkably well with us, but only as we cover them warmly for winter. No
risks are taken by leaving even one of our climbing roses, not even Dr. W. Van

HOW TO MAKE ROSES GROW 105

Fleet, upright and exposed to cold; all are taken down, banked around the roots
with earth or old manure again, coiled into mounds, covered first with straw
and leaves, and then by burlap anchored by bricks. This means work, but when
June comes, and, looking at our roses we think of November, we say "That was
worth while."

The fortunate possessors of "The Practical Book of Outdoor
Rose-Growing," know that its author, Capt. George C. Thomas,
Jr., makes roses grow. He did make them grow at his wonder-
ful garden in Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia, and he is now
making them grow yet more pleasingly in his western garden,
near Los Angeles, Calif. He writes thus :

First, the grower must secure proper varieties for his climate and conditions :
this means tested varieties, not new introductions, especially not untested
foreign varieties. It also means the kinds which are grown and grown success-
fully in the same neighborhood.

Second, with the exception of climbers of robust growth, buy nothing but
American, dormant, field-grown, budded roses. Do not buy own-root, pot-grown,
or imported plants.

Having secured roses of the above noted description, the matter of the bed is
an easy proposition. There are two main things needed in a bed's composition.
It must hold suflScient moisture to keep from drying out in summer, and it must
drain so that it will not become water-logged in wet weather. The man with the
sandy or open soil does not need under-drainage, but requires clay to hold mois-
ture; the owner of heavy clay ground needs broken stone at the bottom for
drainage and also should add lighter or sandy soil. All beds should be dug out
to a depth of 2 feet, and drainage, if required, should be below that depth. All
beds should contain, one- third top soil (more if possible), one-third subsoil (less
if possible), one-third well-leached out cow-manure (no more, no less).

Inevitably, rose-growing and rose-protection are so related
that it is hard to treat the one without discussing the other.
This symposium, therefore, fits with another which follows,
telling of rose protection.

DO YOUR ROSES GROW?

// tbey do, "there's a reason!" That reason
may help someone else under similar conditions.
Let us make rose-growing easy by exchanging
ideas, successes, failures. Tell the Editor; he'll
tell the rest.

The Rose-Zone Map vs. Rose Protection

ANOTHER EDITORIAL INQUIRY

VERY great interest was aroused by the publication on
page 76 of the 1920 Annual of the Rose-Zone Map prepared
by the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of
Agriculture. Much criticism of that map has been made. (It
will be reprinted in the 1921 Members' Handbook.)

It should be pointed out that the map was definitely based
upon late frosts in the various areas as recorded by the United
States Weather Bureau, and that in proposing four zones within
which certain roses might be safely grown, it was the assumption
that these roses would not require winter protection. For
example, in the horizontally-lined region including Florida and
the eastern and central South, Tea roses. Noisettes, and similar
roses do not require protection. In the dotted region, includ-
ing the Middle West and the upper South, and parts of the
Atlantic seaboard, it was assumed to be safe for Hybrid Teas
unprotected in the open, because the last frost usually occurs
in April. Similarly, the clear space on the map was regarded
as safe for unprotected Rugosas and Hybrid Perpetuals.

Any rose may be grown anywhere in America, probably,
with reasonably suitable soil conditions, if the freezing and
thawing of the ordinary winter are protected against.

The correspondence, indicating the success in the colder
regions of some good rose-growers even with Teas and Hybrid
Teas, brought the thought that the members of the American
Rose Society would like to know the methods of protection
which permit those living in the sub-zero regions to have plenty
of Hybrid Tea roses. Inquiry was made, and the result follows.

In the article on "How To Make Roses Grow," reference is
made to St. Catharines, Ontario, a few miles from Niagara Falls.
While the lake moisture measurably protects this region, yet
care must be exercised. Hon. W. B. Burgoyne (see, also, page
102), gives us the method which has permitted him to have
Hybrid Teas successfully and regularly:

In answer to your enquiry as to how we winter oiu* Hybrid Tea roses, will
say that the general way is to heel up the plants about 6 inches, and fill up the
intervening spaces with leaves or maniu-e, some being very careful not to permit

(106)

ROSE-ZONE MAP vs. ROSE PROTECTION 107

the leaves to adhere closely to the plants. The protection is left on as late as
possible, depending upon the season, but is usually removed in April. Our
losses are very slight.

The Boston climate is not easy for most of the less hardy
roses. Yet success with Hybrid Teas and the modern climbers
is, there as elsewhere, simply a matter of care. Mr. Thomas
N. Cook, a persistent rosarian, writes as follows :

Roses about Boston are subject to all the vagaries of the New England
climate, and have not quite recovered from the winters of 1917-18 and 1919-20,
to say nothing of ordinary losses. All of the Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas
do well with protection — earth banked up 12 to 18 inches; with roughage of
straw or evergreen boughs, the ramblers of the Multiflora and Wichuraiana
type all do well. Silver Moon must be laid down and covered about Boston, but
does not require it in the Cape district.

Own-root plants are good for only one season; those on Manetti will do well
for three seasons. The roses budded on the old dog-briar from cuttings, do the
best; Rugosa and Multiflora japonioa are fair. The Hybrid Perpetuals and
Hybrid Teas must be carefully pruned in the early spring, all the small growth
cut out, and the strong stems pruned back to two to five eyes.

The cold winds of Lake Michigan not only make success
with Hybrid Teas impossible, but require protection for the
so-called hardy climbers. No one does the work better than
Mr. W. C. Egan, of Highland Park, Ills. He tells how he does it:

It is only within a comparatively recent date that it was known that the
Hybrid Tea rose might be successfully grown in this region. The main difficulty
has been their habit of bidding you good-bye the first winter after planting. If
you treat them right they will remain, and, like your poor relations, be always
with you.

About November 10 I cover the bed 8 to 10 inches deep with soil from an
unoccupied plot adjoining, and then put on a 2-foot covering of leaves held in
place by brush or cornstalks. In the spring they come out smiling and bless you
with blooms all summer long.

I have tried all known methods in protecting climbing roses and have settled
down to one that has always produced success. They are taken down, bundled,
and the tops coiled in so as to take up as little room as possible. When the canes
are so stifiF that the upper part of the bundles stand too high, I drive a stake into
the ground, and putting the top over sideways, tie it to it. Then a knock-down
box is placed around them and dry oak leaves — any hardwood tree leaves will do
— are put in, covering the rose a foot or more about its top. A slanting water-
tight roof is then put on and farewell speeches are in order.

One main feature is the water-tight roof. A leak causing a drip will, if it
touches a cane, rot and blacken it. Small holes or cracks in the sides do no harm,
for the water entering there runs down the sides and does not reach the rose.
I have seen climbers carried safely over some winters by being covered with
leaves, which of coiu-se became wet, but it was an even wetness, and not in spots.

Reference has been made in the article on "How To Make
Roses Grow," to the good work of Mr. D. M. Dunning, of
Auburn, N. Y. Through the kindness of Mr. C. G. Adams,

108 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Secretary of the Auburn Rose Society, there has been secured
from Mr. Dunning not only an account of how he protects his
tender roses, but excellent pictures to show the unique method.
These are reproduced in Plate XII, facing page 108. Mr. Dun-
ning's statement follows :

We go over the beds and remove all unnecessary wood, cutting the same as
close to the ground as possible and leaving two or three, rarely four, of the best
canes. This is for the Hybrid Perpetuals. For the Hybrid Teas, where we
have quite a different growth, we remove what we consider the unnecessary
wood, retaining only such as will give the best results for the coming season.
We then bend them down without cutting back, and fasten them down with
stakes. Sometimes the stakes are used X fashion, but more often they have
nails driven in near the top to form a hook. We retain these canes full length for
two reasons: Because they retain more vitality at full length than when cut
back; and because they are much easier to handle for pegging down in that way
than they would be in a shorter, stubby form.

These stakes answer a double piu-pose: First to hold the canes down, and,
second, and just as important, to support the biu-lap covering under a heavy
weight of snow. If they are properly placed, especially at the bend of the cane,
near the base, they will support any accumulated weight of snow and ice that
may form during the winter, as the freezing of the ground holds them very firm.

The third and final act is to cover with burlap which is pegged down with
small sharp stakes at the edges. No covering of any kind is used under the burlap,
and we prefer not to cover with the burlap until the ground is frozen, the aim
being to retain an even cold temperature with a free circulation of air to keep the
canes dormant through the winter. An important featvu-e of the bm-lap is to
protect the canes from the winter sun, as sunshine on a frozen cane under zero
temperature is almost siu-e death. With such protection I have wintered my
two hundred or more varieties of tender roses, including a number of Tea roses,
for the past twenty years with practically no losses.

The biu-lap is not removed in spring until the frost is out of the ground, so
that the stakes are loose, and then it is dried out and with the stakes laid away
for another season. The canes are then straightened up and cut back to any
desired height. Occasionally a strong, heavy cane is topped off at 4 or 5 or 6
feet to form a tree and the lower buds removed up to the head desired. At
times these trees are retained for some years and attain a height, with the side
shoots cut back each year, of 8 to 10 feet. We find no trouble in laying them
down for the winter by loosening the earth above the base a little, and we pro-
tect them from the crushing weight of snow on the burlap by properly staking
at the bend.

Cutting back in the spring is important, and should be done early, before
the buds start, and, as a rule, the stronger the wood the more is retained I
generally cut back twice. The point is to cut back to a good strong bud so placed
as to promote the symmetry and future growth in a proper manner. The first
time I cut to where I wish there was a bud. This can be done rapidly, much
more so than if one takes time to hunt for a good bud. Then, after the buds
start, I cut again to the proper bud. In this way no unsightly stubs are left, and
no bud is injured by cutting too close.

Mr. Dunning is able to provide abundant help, and his seven-
or eight-foot-high plants reflect not only his own love and

Plate XII. Method of Protection for Hybrid Tea Roses in the Dunning
Garden, Auburn, N. Y.

(Above, the bent-down canes, with stakes; below, burlap covering. See opposite page)

ROSE-ZONE MAP vs. ROSE PROTECTION 109

ability but his means of fostering the most luxurious growth.
Miss Matilda Jacobs is one of the successful exhibitors at the
Auburn rose shows who has a small garden and does all the
work herself. As Mr. Adams observes, "What Miss Jacobs
produces we can all produce."

From her letters is extracted the information that in addition to making her
roses grow abundantly, so that they are full of resisting strength when winter
comes, she hills up the ground over the roses completely and then covers them
with barnyard manure or refuse and leaves from the garden. The record the
Editor has received shows extraordinary results in number of blooms obtained
by Miss Jacobs ; as, for example, 274 flowers from one plant of Gruss an Teplitz
during 1920, 68 from Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 42 from Lady Ursula, 47 from Radiance,
64 from Pink Killarney; and 65 from White Killarney.

The northern part of Michigan is not generally presumed to
be hospitable to roses, yet Mr. Fred Davidson, of Traverse
City, Mich., seems to succeed admirably, and he has been pro-
voked at the implication of the Rose-Zone Map. He tells how
he handles his roses, both as to culture and protection:

We are located upon the high ground between the two arms of Grand
Traverse Bay, where the northwest winds have clear sweep, and as we had no
windbreak, a tight board fence 6 feet high was placed about the west and north
sides. This has proved of double advantage — added warmth in spring and
summer, and in the winter the snow piles over and makes drifts which protect
the plants from any temperature which we could have (28 degrees below zero,
our coldest thus far, did no damage whatever). The snow cannot be depended
upon every winter, and for that reason the plants are hilled up with soil 8 to 10
inches, and after the ground freezes a litter is spread over the beds to retain the
frost. The snow is our good friend and helps to protect such species as the
Penzance hybrids which Mr. Egan has stated he was compelled to banish from
"Egandale."

The climbing roses are laid flat upon the ground and covered completely with
soil; they come out in the spring with canes as fresh as in the fall. This effect
upon all rose plants seems to warrant hilling up the Hybrid Perpetuals, although
they do not require it for protection. The best results have been obtained from
stock budded upon the Multiflora root.

Some of us have greatly admired the Cherokee rose of the
South. Elsewhere in the Annual its merits as a rose stock are
suggested, but to have it live over winter in the North has not
been within our idea. Mr. S. S. Pennock, a past-President of
the American Rose Society, who lives at Lansdowne, near
Philadelphia, has, however, concluded to make a trial, and
after setting out some plants in the spring of 1920 so that they
made a strong growth during that year, he has protected them
in accordance with the following general plan :

110 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

I have covered them with burlap, and then on the outside of the burlap a
covering of rye straw in order to shed the water.

At the present writing, March 2, 1921, after some unusually cold weather
for us (11° and 12° above zero), I find the weaker shoots killed back, but the
heavy canes in better shape. Another season I will be more careful about
keeping off all water.

To the Secretary's oJBBce came, in January, a photograph of
a very beautiful plant of Los Angeles, which was sent by
Mr. Martin Meehan, of West Haven, Conn., and which was in
abundant and rich bloom on November 12, 1920. Mr. Meehan's
experience and method are well worth quoting:

I am sending you a photograph of some Los Angeles roses, which I thought
exceptionally fine for the month of November. The plants were grown in a place
where they could not get winter protection. I dig them up every fall and place
them in a trench below the frost-line, or on an angle of 45 degrees. The roots are
packed in loam and the tops are covered loosely. Then I fill the trench with
leaves and cover all with tar paper. We have about five hundred other plants of
other varieties, which are not dug up for the winter, but they do not bloom as
well as the plants taken up. The Los Angeles blooms constantly from early
June until killed by frost late in November.

All this seems definitely to prove again that anyone can
have roses anywhere if he will take trouble enough — and
those who do take the trouble usually believe it to be altogether
worth while.

Protection seems to be more a matter of excluding the effect
of the sun in the winter, particularly where there is not a heavy
and continuous snowfall, than of keeping out the frost. Mr. Dun-
ning's burlap method emphasizes this.

Clear of the scope of the Rose-Zone Map is cold Quebec!
Hearing that nevertheless there were real rose-growers who
defied the rigors of the climate, inquiry was instituted, with the
result of finding an American Rose Society member who cheer-
fully wrote his experiences and his suggestions. Mr. Harry A.
Norton, of Ayers Cliff, Quebec, Canada, thus tells his story :

In that part of the Province of Quebec known as the Eastern Townships, the
winter temperatvu-e is frequently 20 degrees below zero, and sometimes much
lower, yet a large number of the Hybrid Tea, and practically all the Hybrid
Perpetual roses may be grown here with good success.

For several years the writer has been growing about 600 bushes, in fifty
or sixty varieties, with little or no winter-killing. The only winter protection
consists of hilling up at the base of the plant with eight or ten inches of earth.
No other covering is used.

Tea roses and climbers have not proved entirely satisfactory and cannot
always be depended upon to come through, even when covered. Occasionally

ROSE-ZONE MAP vs. ROSE PROTECTION 111

they have been saved and have given good blooms, but they are a gamble and
hardly worth while, considering the great number of other classes available that
are known to be perfectly hardy.

In the writer's opinion much depends upon the conditions in which the plants
go into the winter. It has been observed that the loss was less following a com-
paratively dry autumn when the wood ripened well. In seasons when late growth
was made and wood not well ripened, the loss was heavier, even though the
winter was milder.

Perfect drainage is necessary for success. The writer's rose-garden is so
gravelly that many visitors wonder how so many blooms can be produced in
such apparently poor soil when the general idea prevails that fairly heavy or
clay soil is essential for roses. The secret is perfect drainage, good cultivation,
and a reasonable amount of fertilizer. The only fertilizer given is a liberal supply
of well-rotted barnyard manure and bone-meal well worked into the groimd at
the time of planting, with an annual mulch of the same composition.

The perfectly hardy varieties that have proved outstandingly good and
attracted the most attention in this district are Etoile de France, Killarney,
Mme. Abel Chatenay, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Willowmere, Frau Karl Druschki,
Baroness RothschUd, Arthur R. Goodwin, Ulrich Brunner, Ophelia, George
Dickson, Chateau de Clos Vougeot, Juliet and Mme. Edouard Harriot.

What Roses Do Nurserymen's
Agents Sell?

THE EDITOR ASKS

THOUSANDS of advance agents of horticulture, in the shape
of travehng representatives of nurserymen, visit miUions
of American homes every year. These gentlemen, popularly
known as "tree agents," carry catalogues and "plate-books"
of pictures, and they do a very important work toward increas-
ing the fruitfulness and the beauty of the land. To' the per-
suasions of the printed word and the lithographed pictures —
the latter sometimes rather awful, it must be confessed — they
add the personal touch which, in many cases, is needed in order
to cause the home-owner to buy and plant the trees, shrubs, and
vines he ought to have.

What roses do these salesmen offer? It was hinted to the
Editor that many of the agents had to show and to sell only
ancient and unsuitable varieties, and that in consequence they
were not really helping to make the rose universal in America in
any favorable way.

As the best way to determine the facts, the Editor asked the

112 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

secretary of the American Association of Nurserymen to provide
him with a Hst of the nurseries selHng extensively through agents.
Receiving this Ust, covering fourteen representative concerns in
Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Tennessee and Iowa, the Editor wrote to each for
his list of roses being offered through agents.

Ten of the fourteen nurserymen courteously responded with
their sales lists, and most of these asked suggestions. From his
many years of knowledge of the nursery trade, the Editor is
inclined to think that the ten firms thus responding have in the
field more than two thousand working agents. The list which
follows states the varieties inclusively, with a number following
each name in indication of the number of the nursery firms
offering it through their agents :

Hybrid Perpetual Roses: African Black, 1; American Beauty, 7; Alfred
Colomb, 2 ; Anna de Diesbach, 3 ; Baron de Bonstetten, 5 ; Beauty of Waltham, 1 ;
Black Prince, 1; Captain Hay ward, 2; Clio, 5; Duke of Edinburgh, 1; Earl of
Dufferin, 5; Eugene Furst, 2; Fisher Holmes, 3; Francois Levet, 1; Frau Karl
Druschki, 8; General Jacqueminot, 8; General Washington, 1; Hugh Dickson, 1;
J. B. Clark, 1; John Hopper, 6; Jubilee, 3; Louis Van Houtte, 1; Magna Charta,
6; Marchioness of Lome, 1; Margaret Dickson, 6; Marie Van Houtte, 1; Mme.
Charles Wood, 2; Mme. Gabriel Luizet, 3; Mme. Plantier, 4; Marshall P. Wilder,
7; Mrs. John Laing, 7; Paul Neyron, 8; Prince Camille de Rohan, 5; Tom Wood,
1; Ulrich Brunner, 6; Vick's Caprice, 1.

Brier Roses: Amy Robsart, 1 ; Anne of Geierstein, 1 ; Brenda, 1 ; Flora Mc-
Ivor, 1; Harison's Yellow, 7; Meg Merrilies, 1; Persian Yellow, 6; Rose Brad-
wardine, 1 ; Rubiginosa, 1.

Rugosa Roses and Hybrids: Agnes Emily Carman, 1; Belle Poitevine, 1;
Blanc Double de Coubert, 1; Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, 2; Hansa, 2; Mme.
Charles Worth, 1; Mme. Georges Bruant, 2; New Century, 1; Rugosa alba, 3;
Rugosa, Assorted, 2; Rugosa rubra, 3; Sir Thomas Lipton, 1.

Moss Roses: Comtesse de Murinais, 1 ; Crested Moss, 3; Glory of Mosses, 1 ;
Henri Martin, 1 ; Luxemburg, 1 ; Pink Moss, 1 ; Perpetual White, 1 ; Red Moss, 2;
Salet, 1; White Moss, 1.

Noisette Roses: Coquette des Alpes, 5 ; Coquette des Blanches, 1 ; Solfatare, 1 .

Hybrid Tea Roses: Admiral Dewey, 1; Betty, 2; Etoile de France, 2; General
MacArthur, 4; Gruss an Teplitz, 5; Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 3; Kaiserin Auguste
Victoria, 3 ; Killarney, 5 ; Killarney Brilliant, 1 ; Lady Hillingdon, 1 ; LaFrance, 1 ;
Lam-ent Carle, 1 ; Mme. Caroline Testout, 3 ; Mme. Jules Grolez, 1 ; My Maryland,
1; Ophelia, 1; Prince de Bulgarie, 1; Radiance, 3; Rhea Reid, 1; Richmond, 3;
Souvenir de Pierre Notting, 1; Sunburst, 2; Wellesley, 1; White Killarney, 3.

Tea Roses: Blumenschmidt, 1 ; Etoile de Lyon, 1 ; Maman Cochet, 3; Maman
Cochet, White, 2; Molly Sharman-Crawford, 1.

Baby Rambler and other Roses: Pink Baby Rambler, 9; White Baby Rambler,
3; Hermosa, China, 1; Juliet, Per., 1; Pink Soupert, H. Poly., 1; Soleil d'Or,
Per., 1; Tree Roses, 2.

Hardy Climbing Roses: American Pillar, Mult., 1 ; Aviateur Bleriot, H.W., 1 ;
Baltimore Belle, Set., 7; Christine Wright, H.W., 1 ; Climbing American Beauty,

WHAT ROSES DO AGENTS SELL? 113

H.W., 6; Climbing Gruss an Teplitz, CI. H.T., 1; Crimson Rambler, Mult., 8;
Dorothy Perkins, H.W., 9; Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W., 2; Edwin Lonsdale, H.W ,
1; Excelsa, H.W., 5; Flower of Fairfield, Mult., 5; Goldfinch, Mult. 1; Hiawatha,
H.W., 2; Lady Gay, H.W., 3; Manda's Triumph, H.W., 1 ; Philadelphia, Mult.,
1 ; Pink Rambler, H.W., 2; Pink Roamer, H.W., 1 ; Purity, H.W., 1 ; Queen of the
Prairies, Set., 6; Russell's Cottage, Set., 1; Seven Sisters, Mult., 5; Silver Moon,
H.W., 1; South Orange Perfection, H.W., 1; Tausendschon, Mult., 4; Tennessee
Belle, Mult., 1; Trier, Mxilt., 1; Universal Favorite, H.W., 1; Veilchenblau,
Mult., 2; White Dorothy Perkins, H.W., 4; White Rambler, Mult., 7; Wich-
uraiana, 3; Yellow Rambler, Mult., 7.

There is food for rose thought in these Hsts. Consider the
36 Hybrid Perpetual varieties, among which are at least ten
"dead ones," and one Tea rose (Marie Van Houtte), with seven
firms selling American Beauty, almost certain not to succeed.
Only one firm is offering the really excellent J. B. Clark.

The Brier roses, the Rugosas and the Mosses, are much more
nearly up to date, and may be considered as giving safe sugges-
tions. Hugonis has not yet shed its early golden radiance on
the customers of the agents.

The list of Hybrid Teas is pathetic in its inadequacy. Most
of the agents do not offer them at all, it will be seen, and thus the
rose varieties which by far exceed all other varieties in catalogue
commerce are in a very minor relation to the agency distribution.
The Tea roses are likewise in a minor relation, though that is
not serious. Thus the "everblooming" roses, which could as
easily be cared for by the farmer's wife as by any other rose-
lover, are practically denied to thousands of homes.

But scan the list of hardy climbing roses, and note the
ancient friends! Six firms are offering Queen of the Prairies:
Why? But one sells American Pillar, and but two that most
really popular of climbers. Dr. W. Van Fleet. Baltimore Belle
still goes out through seven nurserymen, but only one has found
his way to Silver Moon, and another one has discovered that
gold-medal crimson climber, Excelsa, which should wholly replace
Crimson Rambler.

The nurserymen need to wake up to their profitable oppor-
tunities, and help to make the rose universal in America! It
would be business, and not philanthropy; yet the country
homes would be vastly benefited. The Editor remembers one
150-mile motor trip through Pennsylvania in June with only six
climbers seen.

Pacific Northwest Rose Shows

By JESSE A. CURREY, Portland, Ore.

Editor's Note. — The Pacific Northwest takes the rose seriously, as is
evidenced by the several articles in this Annual detailing the rose doings of
that favored region near or on the Columbia River and Puget Sound. Mr. Cur-
rey sets graphically before us two strong shows among the half-dozen he men-
tions. These accounts tend to make more desirable the pilgrimage to the
Pacific Northwest proposed to members and friends of the American Rose
Society for 1922, as explained in this Annual, on page 116.

The marvelous rose conditions of this region are indicated in two beautiful
photographs supplied by Mr. Currey (Plates IX and XIV) and in the Frontis-
piece supplied by Mr. Hays, of Tacoma.

THERE were two well-staged and large rose shows in the
Pacific Northwest during 1920, one at Portland, Ore., and
the other at Seattle, with other shows at Oregon City,
Roseburg, Ore., Bellingham, Wash., and Tacoma, Wash.

The annual show at Portland took place in June during the
national convention of the Mystic Shrine, to which there were
about 80,000 visitors from all parts of the United States. From
the gorgeous displays including the rose show, floral parades,
and the rose-gardens constructed in the business streets, these
thousands of visitors gained an idea of how the rose dominates
Portland.

The week was also marked by an elaborate ceremony, in
which about 800 children took part, in connection with the pre-
sentation of the prizes of the American Rose Society, the city of
Portland, the Portland Chamber of Commerce, and the Port-
land Rose Society to the winners of the various classes in the
International Rose-Test Gardens at Portland. These winners
were announced in the 1920 Rose Annual. The celebration
was also marked by the naming of Capt. George C. Thomas,
Jr.'s rose, which won the prize for the best rose produced by an
amateur. It was christened "W. Freeland Kendrick." The
other rose named was a new Ophelia seedling by Albert Clarke,
of Portland, which was christened "Imperial Potentate," in
honor of the chief official of the Mystic Shrine.

The Portland show for the first time was staged outdoors
in one of the park blocks, close to the business section. Attrac-
tive booths, made to resemble rustic summerhouses, were used

(114)

PACIFIC NORTHWEST ROSE SHOWS 115

to display the choice blooms of Portland gardens, while wind-
ing paths and the sides of running brooklets and cascades of
water were lined with growing roses. The display covered
approximately 80,000 square feet, and the blooms in the ama-
teur section numbered about 6,000, as only amateur gardens
were admitted to competition. In addition to this was a display
by the school children, the Oregon Daily Journal offering each
day a prize for the best bloom staged by a school child. This
was a popular section, and it had hundreds of enthusiastic
juvenile exhibitors.

The box exhibits, similar to the English displays, continued
to be the feature, as they are particularly adapted to exhibiting
specimen blooms. The roses which were in the prize-winning
exhibits of this section were:

Box of six specimen blooms : First prize — Laurent Carle, Lady Mary Ward,
Marquis de Sinety, George Dickson, Radiance, and Hoosier Beauty; second
prize — Lieut. Chaure, Duchess of Wellington, George Dickson, Farbenkonigin,
Mme. Caroline Testout, Mrs. Joseph H. Welch.

Box of twelve specimen blooms: First prize — Mrs. A. R. Waddell, Mrs.
Foley-Hobbs, Juliet, King George V, Yvonne Vacherot, W. E. Lippiatt, Mrs.
David McKee, Captain Hayward, Gustav Grtinerwald, Ulrich Brunner, Frau
Karl Druschki, Duchess of Wellington; second prize — Mrs. Joseph H. Welch,
Mme. Ravary, George C. Waud, Duchess of Wellington, Captain Hayward,
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Commandeur Jules Gravereaux, Antoine Rivoire,
Richmond, Mme. Melanie Soupert, Juliet, J. B. Clark.

Box of eighteen specimen blooms: First prize — Mrs. Foley-Hobbs, Ophelia,
Joseph Hill, Mrs. Amy Hammond, Lyons Rose, Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Lady
Ashtown, Admiral Ward, Mrs. Wallace H. Rowe, General MacArthur, Juliet,
Mrs. Aaron Ward, Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, King George V, Prince de Bid-
garie, Killarney Queen, Mme. Segond- Weber, William Shean; second prize —
Laurent Carle, Mrs. Cornwallis West, Sunbiu-st, Duchess of Wellington,
Joseph Hill, General MacArthur, General Jacqueminot, Harry Kirk, Mme.
Philippe Rivoire, Molly Sharman-Crawford, Captain Hayward, Elizabeth
Barnes, Ulrich Brunner, Mme. Ravary, Hugh Dickson, Frau Karl Druschki,
King George V, Yvonne Vacherot.

Box of twenty-foiu- specimen blooms: First prize only — Mrs. Herbert
Stevens, Harry Kirk, Mrs. Charles Russell, Lyons Rose, Rhea Reid, Mme.
Edmond Rostand, Captain Hayward, Coronation, Rayon d'Or, President Taft,
Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Andre Gamon, Mary, Countess of Ilchester, Los Angeles,
Marquis de Sinety, Duchess of Wellington, Hugh Dickson, Countess Clan-
william, Gustav Griinerwald, Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, Juliet, Joseph Hill,
Avoca, Mme. Melanie Soupert.

The rose show at Seattle was the largest and most successful
ever held there. It was staged under the personal direction of
Prof. Ivan W. Goodner, president of the Seattle Rose Society.
The display comprised 1,236 individual entries, and there were

116 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

approximately 4,000 roses. The prize for the best rose in the
show was awarded to a magnificent specimen of the old favorite
Belle Siebrecht (properly Mrs. W. J. Grant). It was evident
that Frau Karl Druschki continues to be a good exhibition rose,
for it figured in the greatest number of prize-winning exhibitions,
scoring in ten prizes. Second honors for the greatest number of
winnings were divided between Lady Hillingdon, Ulrich Brun-
ner, and Irish Elegance, each being staged in six winning
exhibits. Other roses which were in more than one winning
display were Lady Pirrie, Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht),
Duchess of Wellington, Sunburst, Joseph Hill, Mrs. John Laing,
Mme. Edouard Herriot, General MacArthur, Juliet, Dr. W. Van
Fleet, Los Angeles, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. Foley-Hobbs, Mrs.
David McKee, Mme. Melanie Soupert.

The 1922 Rose Trip to the Pacific
Northwest

By S. S. PENNOCK, Philadelphia

Editor's Note. — Nothing could do more toward making the rose universal
in America than to have rose-lovers, east and west, north and south, meet and
know each other in a pilgrimage to the rose wonderland of the Northwest.
A plan for this trip, to be taken so as to see the roses of Portland and Seattle
at their best, is under careful study, and Mr. Pennock sets forth here the general
idea so that those interested may be getting themselves ready for the greatest
rose event of this century to date.

THE Executive Committee of the American Rose Society
is planning a rose trip in June, 1922, to visit the rose regions
of the Pacific Northwest. It is the idea to make the trip at
the time when the roses in Portland and the Puget Sound
regions are at their best.

We who go are asked, as part of the American Rose Society,
to participate in the dedication of a wonderful "roseway" which
is being built by the city of Portland, leading to the great
Columbia Highway.

Various rose festivals on the way, or in the West, will be
visited, and much special attention will be paid to those from
the East who join in this first great rose pilgrimage. The rose

THE 1922 ROSE TRIP 117

friends who join in the trip are hkely to be congenial, for rose
folks are generally "the best people" in the true sense.

A general itinerary has been discussed with a responsible
tourist agency, which would provide complete attention and
service of the best class throughout. About thirty days would
be required from Chicago west and return, with suitable arrange-
ments for those desiring to return later or by other routes.

The plan would be to use special Pullman cars, and possibly a special rose
train starting from Chicago, where there might be an automobile trip through
the parks and boulevards.

Reaching Denver, there would be special automobile trips to Rocky Moun-
tain National Park, and to Colorado Springs and Pike's Peak.

Passing through the Royal Gorge en route to Salt Lake City, there would be
a look at that interesting place, and then a wonderful visit to and through the
Yellowstone National Park.

Following the Columbia River route to Portland, Oregon, we would there be
"in the hands of our friends," for the rose events of the time. To Seattle, a
complete visit to Rainier National Park, and the return trip by way of Glacier
National Park, would follow, with a rose-stop at Minneapolis on the way to
Chicago.

A variation may be worked out for those who wish to remain longer on the
coast, and to visit San Francisco and other California points.

The above itinerary is preliminary only, and may be modified
as inquiry and conditions warrant. The trip is to be primarily
a rose and park trip, and is to be conducted in such manner as
to make it comfortable and without annoyances throughout.

Members and friends of the American Rose Society are
urged to correspond with the Secretary (John C. Wister, 606
Finance Building, Philadelphia) in order to be kept in touch with
developments. Tell Mr. Wister that you are interested, and
thinking of the trip ; he will keep you in touch.

A VAN FLEET PRIZE-WINNER

Belated information from Portland, Oregon, tells us
that the rose-tests in the Portland (Oregon) Rose-Test
Garden in ig20 gave Dr. Van Fleet's new seedling, W.
C. 124 (see Plate VI and page 33), awards as the
best new rose for general outdoor cultivation, as the
best outdoor climber, and as the best outdoor rose pro-
duced by an amateur.

Using America as a Rose-Test Garden

By BESS E. TRUMP, Harrisburg, Pa.

Editor's Note. — The interest shown in the detailed reports from various
rose-gardens and from the several Rose-Test Gardens of the Society prompted
the Editor to attempt a general referendmn among the alert members of the
organization. A card was sent out in the 1920 Annual, asking members to
report on it, imder the question "What are your favorite roses, and why?"
concerning the best ten Hybrid Teas, and five Hybrid Perpetuals and Climbers.
The card provided an easy way to indicate merits in color, form, fragrance,
profusion, vigor, and hardiness.

The response was very representative. Miss Trmnp has prepared a tabular
showing, dividing the collated responses so as to deal separately with the New
England, Middle, Central, Southern, and Western States.

THE replies that have been studied represent 261 different
varieties of roses. There are 146 Hybrid Teas named, or
better, Hybrid Teas, Teas, Perne Lianas and Chinas in-
cluded as "everblooming." In the New England States, Mrs.
Aaron Ward is the most popular variety, with Duchess of
Wellington a close second, and Killarney, Ophelia, Pharisaer,
and Willowmere third. In the Middle States Ophelia leads,
with Los Angeles second, and Duchess of Wellington, Lady Alice
Stanley, Mrs. Aaron Ward, and Radiance third. Ophelia also
retains its supremecy in the Southern States, with Radiance
second and Laurent Carle third. Mme. Edouard Herriot and
Los Angeles are equally popular in the Western States, with
Mme. Melanie Soupert second and Mme. Abel Chatenay and
General MacArthur third. The Central States give Mrs. Aaron
Ward first place, Jonkheer J. L. Mock second, and Ophelia third.
The Hybrid Perpetuals are in 43 varieties, and Frau Karl
Druschki is everywhere ahead. In the New England States, Gen.
Jacqueminot and Mrs. John Laing tie for second place, and
Prince Camille de Rohan third. In the Middle States, Ulrich
Brunner is second and Mrs. John Laing third. Paul Neyron
takes second place in the Southern States, and J. B. Clark and
Ulrich Brunner third. The Western and Central States move
Ulrich Brunner up to second, while in the former Gen. Jacque-
minot and Mrs. John Laing are third.

Climbing roses are represented in 72 varieties listed. New
England prefers Dorothy Perkins, with American Pillar and Dr.
W. Van Fleet second, and Silver Moon and Tausendschon
third. The Middle States place Dr. W. Van Fleet in the lead.
Silver Moon second, and Dorothy Perkins and Tausendschon

(118)

AMERICA AS A ROSE-TEST GARDEN

119

third. Dr. W. Van Fleet and Silver Moon are tie for first place
in the South, with American Pillar second and Excelsa third. In
the West, Tausendschon conies to the fore, followed by Climb-
ing Mme. Caroline Testout and Dr. W. Van Fleet. The Cen-
tral States give Dorothy Perkins, Dr. W. Van Fleet, and
Excelsa first place.

FAVORITE

HYBRID TEA ROSES IN NEW ENGLAND

(Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut)

STATES

Naue

Antoine Rivoire (Mrs. Taft) .

Betty

British Queen

Chateau de Clos Vougeot . .

Columbia

Constance, Per

Dean Hole

Double White Killarney . . .
Duchess of Wellington . . .
Duchess of Westminster . . .

General MacArthur

Gloire Lyonnaise

Gorgeous

Gruss an Teplitz

Gustave Regis

Harry Kirk, T

Johanna Sebus

Jonkheer J. L. Mock . . . .
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . .

Killarney

Killarney Queen

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Lady Pirrie

La France

Laurent Carle

Los Angeles

Louise Catherine Breslau, Per.

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Mary, Countess of Ilchester
Mme. Abel Chatenay .
Mme. Caroline Testout
Mme. Colette Martinet.
Mme. Edouard Herriot, Per
Mme. Jules Bouch6 . .
Mme. Jules Grolez . .
Mme. Leon Pain. . . .
Mme. Melanie Soupert
Mme. Segond-Weber .
Mrs. Aaron Ward . . .
Mrs. A. R. Waddell . .
Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison
Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt, Per.

My Maryland

Ophelia

Perle VonGodesberg . . .

Pharisaer

Radiance

Red Radiance

Richmond

Robin Hood

Rose Queen

Sunburst

White Killarney . . . ' . .

Willowmere

William R. Smith, T. . . .

FAVORITE HYBRID PERPETUALS IN NEW ENGLAND STATES

Name

Captain Christy

Francois Levet

Frau Karl Druschki . . ,
General Jacqueminot . .

George Arends

Gloire de Ch^dane Guinoisseau

Heinrich Miinch

J. B. Clark

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2

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1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

Marshall P. Wilder . . .
Mme. Gabriel Luizet . . .

Mme. Masson

Mrs. John Laing

Oakmont

Paul Neyron

Prince Camille de Rohan .
Ulrich Brunner

FAVORITE CLIMBING ROSES IN THE NEW ENGLAND STATES

Name

Alida Lovett, H.W

American Pillar, Mult. . . .
Aviateur Bleriot, H.W. . .
Baltimore Belle, Set. . . .

Birdie Blye, Mult

Christine Wright, H.W. . .
CI. American Beauty, H.W.

Coronation, H.W

Crimson Rambler, Mult. . .
Dorothy Perkins, H.W. . .
Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W. . .
Evergreen Gem, H.W. . . .

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5

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1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

2

3

2

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

6

4

6

6

5

5

4

2

3

1

1

1

1

1

Name

Excelsa, H.W

Farquhar, H.W

Goldfinch, Mult

Hiawatha, H.W

Ladv Gay, H.W

Paul's Carmine Pillar, Cl.H.T.
Paul's Scarlet Climber, H.W. .

Roserie, Mult

Silver Moon, H.W

Sweetheart, Mult

Tausendschon, Mult

White Dorothy Perkins, H.W.

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3

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2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

3

3

1

1

1

1

4

2

4

3

2

2

2

2

FAVORITE HYBRID TEA ROSES IN THE MIDDLE STATES

(New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware)

Name

Admiral Ward

Antoine Rivoire (Mrs. Taft) .
Apotheker Georg Hofer . . .

Avoca

Belle Lyonnaise, T

Bessie Brown

Betty

Bianca

Columbia

Countess Clanwilliam ....
Countess of Shaftesbury . . .
Duchess of Wellington . . .
Duchess of Westminster . . .

Etoile de France

Farbenkonigin

Francis Scott Key

Frank W. Dunlop

General MacArthur

Gen.-Superior Arnold Janssen .

George C. Waud

Gloire Lyonnaise

Golden Emblem

Gorgeous

Grace Molyneux

Grange Colombe

Gruss an Teplitz

Hadley

Harry Kirk, T

Hon. Ina Bingham

Hoosier Beauty

Irish Fireflame

Janet

Jonkheer J. L. Mock ....

Joseph Hill

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . .

Killarney

Killarney Brilliant

Killarney Queen

Konigin Carola

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Lady Hillingdon

Lady Mary Ward

Lady Pirrie

Lady Ursula

Name

La France

LaTosca

Laurent Carle

Los Angeles

Lyon, Per

Maman Cochet, T

Marquis de Sinety ....
Mary, Countess of Ilchester .
Mme. Abel Chatenay . . .
Mme. Caroline Testout . .
Mme. Charles Lutaud . . .
Mme. Edouard Herriot, Per.
Mme. Jules Bouch6 ....
Mme. Jules Grolez ....

Mme. Leon Pain

Mme. Marcel Delanney . .
Mme. Melanie Soupert . .

Mme. Ravary

Mme. Segond-Weber . . .

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo. . .
Mrs. A. R. Waddell ....
Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison
Mrs. Charles J. Bell ....

Mrs. MacKellar

Mrs. Wakefield C.-Miller. .

Mrs. Wemyss Quin

My Maryland

Ophelia

Papa Gontier, T

Pharisaer

Premier

Prince de Bulgarie

Queen of Fragrance ....

Radiance

Red Radiance

Richmond

Robin Hood

Soleil d'Or, Per

Souv. de Gustave Prat . . .
Souv. du President Carnot .

Sunburst

White Killarney

William R. Smith, T

Willowmere, Per

(120)

FAVORITE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES IN MIDDLE STATES

Name

American Beauty

Anna de Diesbach

Baron de Bonstetten

Baronne Adolphede Rothschild

Captain Christy

Captain Hayward

Clio

Conrad F. Meyer, H.Rug. . .

Coronation

Crested Moss

Frau Karl Druschki

General Jacqueminot ....

George Arends

George Dickson

Gloire de Ch^dane Guinoisseau

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2

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1

1

1

2

1

2

2

1

1

4

3

2

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

4

1

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1
1

1

1

19

20

3

13

20

18

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3

4

2

3

8

7

4

3

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fi

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

Name

Hugh Dickson

J. B. Clark

Jubilee

Ludwig Moeller

Magna Charta

Margaret Dickson

Marshall P. Wilder ....
Mme. Gabriel Luizet. . . .

Mrs. John Laing

Mrs.R.G. Sharman-Crawford

Oskar Cordel

Paul Neyron

Prince Camille de Rohan . .
Suzanne Marie Rodocanachi
Ulrich Brunner

FAVORITE CLIMBING ROSES IN THE MIDDLE STATES

Name

Aglaia, Mult

Alberic Barbier, H.W

American Pillar, Mult

Ards Rover, Cl.H.P

Aviateur Bleriot, H.W

Billard et Barre, Cl.T

Christine Wright, H.W

Climbing American Beauty, H.W.
Climbing Cecile Brunner, Mult. .
Climbing Lady Ashtown, Cl.H.T.
Climbing La France, Cl.H.T. . .
CI. Mme. Car. Testout, Cl.H.T. . .
CI. Mme. Mel. Soupert, Cl.H.T. . .

Crimson Rambler, Mult

Dorothy Perkins, H.W

Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W

Evangeline, H.W

Evergreen Gem, H.W

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1

1

1

2

2

1

1

7

8

6

7

6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

5

2

2

3

6

3

3

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

9

4

7

10

10

21

18

13

14

16

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

Excelsa, H.W

Gainsborough, Cl.H.T

Gardenia, H.W

Ghislaine de Feligonde, Mult. .

Gloire de Dijon, Cl.T

Hiawatha, H.W.. ......

Lady Gay, H.W

Lyon Rambler, Mult

Minnehaha, H.W

Mme. Alfred Carriere, H.Nois.
Mrs. Robert Peary, Cl.H.T.. .
Paul's Carmine Pillar, Cl.H.T.
Paul's Scarlet Climber, H.W. .
Reine Marie Henriette, Cl.T. .

Silver Moon, H.W

Tausendschon, Mult

William A. Richardson, H.Nois.

FAVORITE CLIMBING ROSES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES

(District of Columbia, Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky)

Name

Alberic Barbier, H.W

American Pillar, Mult

CI. American Beauty, H.W. .
CI. Mme. Car. Testout, Cl.H.T.
CI. Souv. of Wootton, Cl.H.T.
Dorothy Perkins, H.W. . . .
Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W. . . .

Excelsa, H.W

Gardenia, H.W

Gloire de Dijon, Cl.T

Lady Gay, H.W

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1

5

2

5

5

5

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

3

1

3

3

3

6

6

6

6

6

4

1

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

Marechal Niel, H.Nois. . . .

Mary Lovett, H.T

Mrs. Chas. Gersdorff, Cl.H.T.
Mrs. Robert Peary, Cl.H.T. .
Paul's Scarlet Climber, H.W. .

Purple East, Mult

Reine Marie Henriette, Cl.T. .

Silver Moon, H.W

Tausendschon, Mult

Wm. Allen Richardson, H.Nois.
Zephirine Drouhin, H.Bour. . .

(121)

FAVORITE HYBRID TEA ROSES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES

Name

Antoine Rivoire (Mrs. Taft) .

Betty

Chateau de Clos Vougeot. . .

Columbia

Countess of Gosford

Duchesse de Brabant, T. . . .
Duchess of Sutherland ....
Duchess of Wellington. . . .

Etoile de France

Farbenkonigin

Florence Pemberton

Francis Scott Key

General MacArthur

General-Superior A. Janssen .

Grange Colombe

Gruss an Teplitz

Harry Kirk, T

Helen Gould

Herzog Friedrich II von Anhalt

Indiana

Jonkheer J. L. Mock

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . .

Killarney

Killarney Queen

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Lady Hillingdon

Lady Firrie

Lady Ursula

La France

La Tosca

Laurent Carle

Name

Los Angeles

Maman Cochet, T. . .
Marie Van Houtte, T. .
Marquise de Ganay . .
Marquise de Sinety . .
Miss Cynthia Forde . .
Mme. Caroline Testout.
Mme. Edouard Herriot .
Mme. Jules Bouch6 . .
Mme. Lombard, T. . . .
Mme. Leon Pain . . .
Mme. Marcel Delanney
Mme. Segond-Weber .
Mrs. Aaron Ward . . .
Mrs. A. R. Waddell . .
Mrs. Charles Russell. .
Mrs. Charles J. Bell . .
Mrs. Franklin Dennison
Mrs. George Shawyer .
My Maryland
Ophelia. . . .
Pharisaer . . .
Premier . . .
Radiance . . .
Red Radiance.
Safrano . . .
Souv. du President Carnot
Sunburst . . .
Wellesley. . .
White Maman Cochet, T
William R. Smith, T. .
Willowmere, Per. . . .

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3

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2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

5

3

2

2

4

1

4

3

1

4

4

1

1

1

1

3

3

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

1

3

2

3

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

8

8

4

4

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

9

5

8

9

9

4

4

1

3

3

1

4

2

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

6

5

1

1

2

FAVORITE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES IN SOUTHERN STATES

Name

Alfred Colomb . . .
Captain Hay ward. .
Fisher Holmes . . .
Frau Karl Druschki .
General Jacqueminot
George Arends . . .
George Dickson . . .
Hugh Dickson . . .

J. B. Clark

John Hopper ....

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1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

13

12

2

9

11

10

4

4

3

3

4

4

3

4

1

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

5

5

1

2

5

4

2

2

2

1

2

2

Name

John Keynes

Magna Charta

Marshall P. Wilder ....

Mrs. John Laing

Mrs. R. G. Sharm'n-Crawford
New Century, H.Rug. . . .

Oakmont

Paul Neyron

Ulrich Brunner

FAVORITE CLIMBING ROSES IN THE CENTRAL STATES

(Ohio, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, and Michigan)

Name

American Pillar . .
Aunt Harriet ....
Aviateur Bleriot . .
Christine Wright . .
Chromatella ....
CI. American Beauty
CI. Gruss an Teplitz
CI. Lady Ashtown. .
CI. Maman Cochet .
CI. Meteor

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3

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1

1

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1

2

1

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1

4

4

2

5

6

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

CI. My Maryland
Dorothy Perkins
Dr. W. Van Fleet

Excelsa

Flower of Fairfield
Marechal Niel . .
Reve d'Or . . . .
Silver Moon . . .
Tausendschon . .
Veilchenblau . . .

(122)

FAVORITE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES IN THE CENTRAL STATES

Name

American Beauty

Anna de Diesbach

Baron de Bonstetten ....

Captain Hayward

Clio •.

Frau Karl Druschki

General Jacqueminot ....

George Dickson

Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau

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2

2

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1

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

7

7

4

7

6

4

3

3

3

4

8

2

3

3

2

1

1

1

1

Name

J. B. Clark

La Reine

Magna Charta

Mme. Masson

Mme. Plantier

Mrs. John Laing

Mrs.R.G.Sharman-Crawford

Paul Neyron

Ulrich Brunner

FAVORITE HYBRID TEA ROSES IN THE CENTRAL STATES

Name

Antoine Rivoire

Betty

British Queen

Chateau de Clos Vougeot

Columbia

Duchess of Wellington . .
Etoile de France ....

Farbenkonigin

Francis Scott Key ....

Friedrichsruh

General MacArthur . . .

Gorgeous .

Grossherzog Friedrich . .
Gruss an Teplitz ....

Hadley

Irish Fireflame

Jonkheer J. L. Mock . .
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria

Killarney

Killarney Brilliant . . .
Lady Alice Stanley . . .

Lady Ashtown

Lady Hillingdon

Lady Ursula

Laurent Carle

Los Angeles

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1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

4

2

1

3

3

1

2

1

2

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

3

2

3

3

1

1

1

1

5

1

6

5

5

1

1

1

1

6

1

1

1

3

2

2

1

1

4

3

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

3

3

2

2
1

2
1

3
1

3

2

1

2

1

1

5

4

4

1

3

Name

Maman Cochet, T

Milady

Miss Cynthia Forde . . . .
Mme. Caroline Testout . .
Mme. Edouard Harriot, Per.
Mme. Jules Bouche . . . .
Mme. Jules Grolez . . . .

Mme. Leon Pain

Mme. Segond Weber . . .

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. Charles Russell . . . .
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, T. . .

My Maryland

Old Gold

Ophelia

Premier

Radiance

Red Radiance

Rhea Reid

Sunburst

White Killarney

White Maman Cochet, T. .

White Ophelia

William R. Smith, T. . . .
Willowmere

FAVORITE CLIMBING ROSES IN THE WESTERN STATES

(Washington, Oregon, California, Texas, and Idaho)

Name

American Pillar, Mult

Ards Pillar, Cl.T

Beauty of Glazenwood, H.Nois.

Chromatella, H.Nois

CI. American Beauty, H.W. . .

CI. Cecil Brunner, Mult

CI. Killarney Queen, Cl.H.T. . .
CI. Lady Hillingdon, Cl.T. . . .
CI. Mme. Car. Testout, Cl.H.T.
CI. Mrs. W. J. Grant, Cl.H.T. .

CI. Papa Gontier, Cl.T

CI. Richmond, Cl.H.T

CI. Sunburst, Cl.H.T

CI. White Maman Cochet, Cl.T.
CI. Winnie Davis, Cl.H.T. . . .
Dorothy Perkins, H.W

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3

4

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

5

4

4

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

3

3

3

Name

Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W. . . .

Excelsa, H.W

Gardenia, H.W

Gloire de Dijon, Cl.T

Gloire des Rosomanes, Cl.Bour.

Hiawatha, H.W.

Lamarque, H.Nois

Marechal Niel, H.Nois. . . .
Mme. Alfred Carriere, H.Nois.
Mrs. Robert Peary, Cl.H.T. .
Paul's Scarlet Climber, H.W. .
Reine Marie Henriette, Cl.T. .

Silver Moon, H.W

Soleil d'Or, A.B

Tausendschon, Mult

(123)

FAVORITE HYBRID TEAS IN THE WESTERN STATES

Name

Antoine Rivoire (Mrs. Taft)

Bon Silene, T

Chateau de Clos Vougeot .

Clara Watson

Columbia

Constance, Per

Duchesse de Brabant, T. . .
Duchess of Wellington. . .

Edu Meyer

Edward Mawley

General MacArthur ....

Hadley

Hermosa, C

Hoosier Beauty

Irish Elegance

Jonkheer J. L. Mock. . . .

Joseph Hill

Killarney

Killarney Queen

La Detroit

La France

Lady Alice Stanley ....

Lady Hillingdon

Lady Pirrie

Lady Roberts, T

Lady Ursula

Lena

Lieutenant Chaur6 ....

Los Angeles

Lyon

Maman Cochet, T

Marie Van Houtte, T. . . .

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1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

6

6

4

4

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

2

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

8

4

7

6

3

2

2

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

Marquis de Querhoent
Marquis de Sinety
Mile. Franzisca Kruger, T
Mme. Abel Chatenay .
Mme. Caroline Testout
Mme. Edouard Herriot.
Mme. Jules Bouch6 . .
Mme. Leon Pain . . .
Mme. Melanie Soupert
Mme. Ravary ....
Molly Sharman-Crawford
Mrs. Aaron Ward . .
Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo
Mrs. A. R. Waddell .
Mrs. David McKee .
Mrs. George Shawyer
Mrs. Henry Winnett .
My Maryland. .

Ophelia

Pharisaer. . . .
Prince de Bulgarie
Queen of Fragrance
Radiance ....
Richmond . . .
September Morn
Sunburst. . . .
The Bride, T. . .
Viscountess Enfield, Per.
White Maman Cochet, T
William R. Smith, T. .
Willowmere, Per. . . .
Winnie Davis

■ T

FAVORITE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES IN WESTERN STATES

Nams

Baron de Bonstetten
Candeur Lyonnaise. .
Captain Christy . .

Clio

Eugene Furst . . .
Frau Karl Druschki
George Arends . . .
George Dickson . . .

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2

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1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

9

3

7

9

9

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Name

General Jacqueminot. . . .

Hugh Dickson

J. B. Clark

Mme. Gabriel Luizet. . . .

Mrs. John Laing

Mrs. R. G. Sharm'n-Crawford

Paul Neyron

Ulrich Brunner

DO.

THE AMERICAN

ROSE SOCIETY—

AND

YOURSELF-

-A SERVICE

There

will be inserted in

this Annual two return

cards.

One

will

ask you to tell us your rose experiences. Th

e other

will

ask

you to name some

friends for membership.

Your

help

will

count ; no one else can give it. Will you ?

(124)

Roses Round the World

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE EDITOR

THE universality of rose-love is made apparent in the friendly
correspondence it has been the joy of the Editor to receive
and to respond to. The letters from Australia, from Italy,
and from Germany will prove interesting to those who love the
rose not only for its own merits but for its power to socialize
humanity. See, also, important French and English articles,
pages 144, 149.

WE HEAR FROM GERMANY!

From Sparrieshoop, Holstein, in the north of Germany, there
came to Secretary White, during the fall of 1920, a long rose
letter. Extracts from it follow:

Not many of the American rose-men ever come to Holstein, if ever they
come to Germany at all. Some may have heard of the land where the briers
are cultivated by the millions and the roses are grown in nearly equal numbers,
but most of our roses went to our eastern neighbor, Russia, before the war.

Nearly all of our younger men, and even many of the older, right up to
fifty years of age, have been all the terrible years involved in the great task of
keeping our land free from the Cossack hordes and have been at the front until
the very last moment. Many of them have not returned. When the spring
(1919) came, we had not many briers to plant; most of us had no two-year-old
brier seed lying ready to be sown, but notwithstanding all these difficulties and
handicaps today briers are to be had as in time of peace. . . .

As to novelties, we have them all, so far as it has been possible to get them
in England and the Netherlands, right down from Columbia to Premier.

Just what has been said of Ophelia, that it will be the mother of a whole
family of beautiful roses, the same is the case with Russell, as the tradesman
calls it. We have one seedling of it with Lieutenant Chaur6; the flowers are
bigger still than those of Russell, the color is rose-red, but the marvel with the
thing is the growth. It came on ordinary brier stocks up to 3 feet in one shoot.

. . . Next year we shall bring on the market a cross between Richmond
and Admiral Ward. It will no doubt satisfy all rose-lovers because at the
moment there is not such a rose in the trade that combines free-flowering with
such size, shape, and color. The flowers are larger still than those of Admiral
Ward, of perfect shape; nearly a dark red Gorgeous. It never turns blue and
has the merit of its mother, Richmond, that it is proof against the black spot.

We have another fine thing — a seedling from Adolf Koschel X Gorgeous.
It has brought us a great stride forward on the way to a two-colored red and
yellow rose. ... As the flower grows older its shape is nearing that of a cactus
dahlia, and so does the flower make a sensation from whichever side you look at it.

Mr. Kordes tells of a rose sent out from Sparrieshoop in

1917, as "a yellow FrauKarl Druschki," thus:

Reinhard Badecker is a seedling from Frau Karl Druschki X Rayon d'Or.
It combines the growth of Druschki with the color of Rayon d'Or. The flower

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126 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

is perhaps the biggest that roses at the present produce. . . . Everybody who
saw it growing here last summer was struck with the giant golden flowers.
The leaves are perfectly free from black spot, and had not the frost and the
wind torn them off, the plants would be evergreen. . . .

Hoping the sun will shine next year on us true rose-lovers as in the past year,
and not on Bolshevism and revolution; with the best rose wishes.

Yours truly, Wilhelm T. H. Kordes.

A YEAR OF ITALIAN ROSE CONDITIONS

Our alert and thoughtful rose friend in Italy, the Countess
Giulio Senni, whose villa is at Grotta-ferrata, in the Commune
of Rome, was in the United States during part of 1919, and made
her visit a rose pilgrimage. From her letters some extracts
will be interesting. After a a visit to our Mount Desert, Coun-
tess Senni writes, under date of April 20 :

The range of varieties seemed very limited, in the Wichuraianas especially,
and many of the best varieties for foliage, like Miss Helyett and Francois
Juranville, imknown. I brought back with me a niunber of plants seen in the
Arnold Arboretum and also some roses from Bobbink & Atkins, whose rose-
garden in June was the best collection I saw, so well arranged and spaced. . .

After this mild winter, the climbing roses here began flowering at Easter —
Leonie Viennot was especially beautiful in a cloud of warm, glowing pink.
Bardou Job and Mme. Alfred Carriere flower together, and are the most beauti-
ful red and white combination one can find. Climbing Marquise de Sinety is
shy, but when it does flower is unsurpassed as a yellow, and Duchesse d'Auer-
stadt is a true yellow, with a lovely tea perfume. . . .

In June, this careful observer writes of many roses we know
and of some we do not have. She is fond of the climbers:

Our rose season is practically over. . . . From now until September 20 or
later we must count upon no rain at all. This long summer rest to the roses
corresponds almost to an American winter; they sometimes lose all their leaves
and are quite dormant until the autumn rains begin, and then if the season is
mild we have the finest flowers of the year. The great rush of roses began about
April 1 this year, and they were imcommonly fine, both in color and size. Now
only a few blooms are left, small and very much faded by the sun. As always,
Marie Leonida {Rosa bracteata) is the latest good climbing rose to bloom, with
Ophirie keeping company. Hiawatha is all out, but burnt to a pale pink.

Paul Noel bloomed well for the first time (last year I was away) and I think
it is a rarely beautiful Wichuraiana, of a deep, warm coral-pink. Chatillon
Rambler was rather a disappointment, but perhaps it is not fair to judge a
rose's color in such a year as this when too much heat blanched them. Reine
Olga de Wurtemburg is most vigorous, and in a cool climate must be a very
fine color. Paul's Carmine Pillar is, alas, fleeting, but beautiful while it lasts.
I am going to discard Waltham Climber II, and put Paul's Scarlet Climber in
its place. It was under an olive tree and kept its color very well.

I still long for the Wichuraiana rose of Chateau de Clos Vougeot red, how-
ever, and am hoping Mr. Easlea's Romeo will be good. Sweet Lavender is very
handsome and makes a lovely group at one end of a very rustic pergola with

ROSES ROUND THE WORLD 127

Veilchenblau (here the hot sun quickly turns it a true violet color), Mme.
Auguste Nonin, Ma Surprise, and Mary Lovett — brought from America.

Dr. Van Fleet was beautiful this year; its foliage and flowers were equally
fine, and with Tausendschon and White Tausendschon made beautiful branches
for cutting. The new Mermaid promises well, too, with large single flowers.

What lovely things have been done in the way of individual flowers on the
Wichuraiana strain! There were a few days when everyone's eyes turned to
Aviateur Bleriot and Rene Andr6. The former's brilliant orange buds against
a blue sky were something never to be forgotten, and Ren4 Andre's lovely warm
pink blossoms glowed. As for Francois Juranville, if it were permitted to have
only one Wichuraiana on a desert island, like Dean Hole and his Gloire de Dijon,
it would be my choice.

A steep bank about seven feet high which was planted at the base with
Wichuraianas three years ago, is now completely covered and is a beautiful
sight, both in bloom and when the glossy leaves alone cover it.

With a few exceptions I should be inclined to have no Multiflora climbers;
the foliage of the others is so much finer and more decorative, and the Multi-
floras are so easily mildewed. . . .

In January of 1921 is written the surprising news of a mild
winter, such as, indeed, much of the United States experienced :

This whole autumn has been so fine, with the exception of a fortnight, that
the moment has never come when the roses stopped flowering. The past few
days there have been some lovely flowers of Mme. Abel Chatenay, Christine
(a truly rich yellow), Augustine Guinoisseau, Ophelia, Pharisaer, Chateau de
Clos Vougeot (dearest and most maddening of roses), etc. Ophirie is such a free
autumnal that I am thinking of planting it as a bush in shrubberies.

One I brought back from Bobbink & Atkins, Mme. Ghys, has done very
well, and flowered in the autumn; its flat open flowers, of an unusual mauve-
pink, are very effective when cut.

This is a mad season; the first Sinica Anemone (Cherokee hybrid) is out,
and the purple German iris has been blooming for a month; yet any day we
may have sudden cold weather which will stop everything.

Roses seem to be very scarce this year. I have written to half a dozen French
growers in turn for certain varieties. The roses from Lyon are certainly far
more robust than those from Touraine. Guillot's catalogue says theirs are
grafted on jR. laxa, and the English Rose Annual begins to praise it highly.
It certainly must be an admirable stock for dry soil, for my Guillot roses of 1915
are in better shape today than many newer ones from elsewhere.

AUSTRALIAN ROSE DOINGS

Our kindly Australian correspondent, Mr. G. W. Walls,
sends information as to the great success of the spring show
of the National Rose Society of Victoria, held in November last.
The illustrations from The Home Gardener accompanying the
account of the show, indicate not only that magnificent roses
are grown in Australia, but that our Australian friends know
how to stage them admirably.

From an account of the show published in the Victoria

*

128 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Argus, of November 4, 1920, the following brief extract is
presented :

The president of the society (Mr. James Allan), in the course of a brief
address, directed attention to the useful work of the society. A man who made
a hobby of rose-growing was a true home-maker, and incidentally a better
husband, a better father, and a better citizen. During the war the society
gave £342 to patriotic fimds, and since then £48 had been given to various
charities. The proceeds of the sale of flowers, also the afternoon tea and sweet
stalls, were to go to help the Free Kindergarten Union.

His Excellency Sir Walter Davidson (Governor of New South Wales) opened
the show. His Excellency said that he was pleased as a visitor to have the
honor offered to him. He considered that New South Wales led the way in
regard to the cultivation of sweet peas, but for roses he took off his hat to
Victoria.

A magnificent display of roses was made, and all classes were well contested.
The decorative effect was greatly enhanced by a large pjTamid of blooms in
the center of the room, arranged by members of the society, and by the special
exhibits of roses made.

The names of roses exhibited are familiar, save for certain
"Glenara seedlings," among which may be noted Firedragon
and Ringlet of distinct character.

In a letter which left Melbourne on September 1, 1920, Mr.
Walls tells of a most interesting vote, with its result:

In June last the proprietors of the Argus, our leading morning paper, were
asked by the National Rose Society of Victoria to take a plebiscite to determine
the best twelve roses. So great was the rush of voters that they foimd it im-
possible to give individual lists but the result of the plebiscite showed that
hundreds of people were in love with the Queen of Flowers and the names and
nimibers of roses mentioned covered indeed a very wide field and showed the keen
interest taken in rose-growing. The result of the plebiscite was as follows, viz.:

Votes Votes

Mme. Abel Chatenay 455 General MacArthur 246

Frau Karl Druschki 423 Chateau de CIos Vougeot .... 235

Miss Marion Manifold 313 Mrs. W.J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht) . 235

Lyons Rose 265 Red Letter Day 221

Mme. Edouard Herriot 261 Lady Hillingdon 187

Mrs. Herbert Stevens 252 Maman Cochet. White 185

Second Twelve —

La France 174 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria ... 99

Mme. Caroline Testout 173 Hugh Dickson 65

Sunny South 157 Lady Battersea 52

Maman Cochet 135 Lady Greenall 46

Joseph Hill 128 Mrs. A. R. Waddell 45

George Dickson 102 Prince Camille de Rohan .... 45

The Rose Cut-Flower Situation

By WALLACE R. PIERSON, Cromwell, Conn.

Editor's Note. — The broad outlook as well as the wide experience of this
past-President of the American Rose Society, together with his independence
and vigor of statement, make his views of the utmost interest and importance.
He produces roses in enormous quantity and of exceptional quality.

The articles following extend the cut-rose view across the continent.

THIS short article is written by a cut-flower man who never-
theless is, to no small extent, interested in garden roses
and in roses for pot forcing. There are so many angles to
the situation that to understand them one must review the
situation from a broad standpoint.

First of all, something has happened in this world of ours,
and we who have been in the rose business during the past
four years have reason to know that there has been a war in
Europe, that this country has had a share in it, and that our out-
put is not of the same value to a nation as some other materials
in a case of that kind. We have reason to know that while
flowers may heal broken hearts, bring comfort in times of sorrow,
as well as joy to the bride, and prove a necessity of life to some,
they are not considered as necessities by such bodies as the Fuel
Administration and the Railroad Administration in time of
war. And what did the war do to roses?

First, the coal situation affected the number grown and the
output of those that were planted to a very appreciable extent.
Second, transportation became so bad that a serious injury was
done the industry, although this condition was only temporary.
This season's record shows nearly every rose-grower loaded to
his capacity with "spot" coal at any price and "contract" coal
disregarded — the new term "distress" coal having come into
vogue too late to save the greenhouse industry from paying the
abnormal prices of last summer and fall. The short production
has been a matter of necessity forced upon the grower by circum-
stances beyond his control. Third, there has been a decrease in
planting, or rather in replanting, during the past three years
which is due to the shortage of common labor. This decrease
in renewal of stock has also tended to decrease the supply of
cut roses. Shortage of coal and failure to properly renew stocks

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130 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

have depleted markets, and transportation problems have tended
to localize the output of the large commercial ranges.

The market conditions, as shown by the leading cut-flower
centers, are an interesting study. During the years when all
other lines of industry were making war money, the rose-grower
was fighting to keep his place from freezing and himself from
being adjudged a bankrupt. Then there came a change, and
the fall of 1918 brought conditions never before seen in the
flower markets. Influenza saved the flower industry from being
wiped out of existence. Then came the armistice, and people
turned to flowers as they never did before. In the two years
that have elapsed, cut roses have been the standby of the flower
industry, and have been profitable to the producer. As a whole,
the war losses have been regained and the rose industry is on a
good solid basis today. National advertising, as carried on by
the Society of American Florists, has done more to stabilize
business than anything else, and the rose-grower of today has
much for which he can thank that Society.

As a whole, the United States is now undergoing the process
of deflation. How far this will carry us is yet to be shown, but
this winter has proved that roses will sell where monkey-
wrenches won't, that people love flowers at all times, and that
flowers do much to make the path of life brighter and easier for
the troubled business man.

The rose-grower of America was never a business man, and,
on the whole, his employees were poorly paid. His product was
under- valued, and few realized that it cost money to grow roses.
That the rose industry may remain on a par with the making of
other necessities of life, that the growing of flowers may be
considered as a trade, and that the laborer may be worthy of
his hire, is the hope of the grower. If this has been achieved by
the producer of flowers as a result of these years, his long wait
for recognition will be rewarded. If flowers go back to "before
the war" prices, and, with them, the working conditions, the
industry will cease to grow and to keep ahead of the increase
in population.

Quarantine laws have affected to some extent, but not seri-
iously, greenhouse roses for cut-flowers, unless it be true that
Europe intends that Manetti stocks for grafting must make up

THE ROSE CUT-FLOWER SITUATION 131

for their lost export of outdoor roses. From $8 per 1,000, in
1914, to $70 per 1,000, in 1920, is considerable of an increase, and
if the nursery syndicates who set these prices in Europe persist
in asking beyond reason they will make a quarantine more drastic
than "37." America can produce Manetti, and will do so, and
this sort of encouragement given to the "infant industry" by
French, English, Dutch, and Irish nurserymen will be all that is
needed to bring about abundant production.

There has come into the big markets during the past few
years a notable difiPerence in what is required in cut roses. In
years gone by, the long-stemmed or "special" rose was wanted
by the market and in those days the price was, in many cases,
much in excess of the price brought by the same grade today.
Our markets of today want from twelve- to twenty-four-inch
stems, with heads in proportion. The average fifteen-inch rose
is the standard grade, and for ,extra-long stems it is hard to
realize a premium that makes the production of this special
stock popular with the producer.

Given an average market calling for an average quality, the
question of variety must enter seriously into the planting plans
of the grower. Briefly, let me review today's roses:

Pilgrim. Rather capricious as to habit of growth. Likes to be grown cool —
say 58° for a steady diet. Rose-pink in color, and much brighter when well
grown. Much less likely to suffer from black spot when grown cool, and much
better in color. Exceptionally fine in many places.

Crusader. Not very good in color. Most crimson roses tiu-n blue when old,
and are not good color when they are heavy growers. This is the nature of
crimson roses, and Crusader is no exception. It is the best paying rose for the
grower, and yet not over-popular with the public. The best crimson rose in
commerce until someone gets something better.

Mme. Butterfly. A bright-colored Ophelia sport, and the best of them all,
from the producer's standpoint. It grows stronger and flowers more freely than
the parent. Good rose for grower, wholesaler, retailer and the consuming public.

Ophelia. Still good and widely grown.

Rose Premier. The best dark pink, and very widely grown.

Columbia. Shares with Ophelia and Rose Premier the honor of being the most
universally popular roses in America.

Double White Killarney. Still at the top in white roses.

Mrs. Aaron Ward. This dainty yellow rose is almost alone. Sunburst,
grown in limited quantities only, leaves "Ward" the yellow rose of commerce.

My Maryland. A warm-weather rose, but a market variety that has made
money for the grower and will make money, due to its wonderful flowering ability.

Milady. Go West to see it right — there Milady leads the list of red and crim-
son roses. By the way, it seems to be coming East, and will no doubt be welcome..

The Specialty Roses. Hadley, Francis Scott Key, Sunburst, American.

132 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Beauty, and a few others are grown in limited quantities for special markets and
need not be considered in sizing up greenhouse roses as a whole.

Let us look ahead for a short space : Montgomery grew 3,000
seedhngs last year. From them, Priscilla, a big, long-budded,
pink rose will be offered for 1922. He has as many more seedlings
on trial this year.

The E. G. Hill Company, the Jos. H. Hill Company, and
Fred H. Lemon & Co., all of the Hill family, are growing seedling
roses in quantity. From them we look forward to Angelus, a big,
fine, white rose for 1922. In Rotarian, Miss Amelia Gude, and
Freedom they have others of promise. These are raised by Lemon.
The E. G. Hill Company's rose. Hill's America, deserves the
name. It looks the part, and they are to be congratulated on it.
I understand that 1923 will see it in commerce.

Robert Scott & Son have a big pink seedling, Mrs. Prentiss
Nichols, to offer in 1922, and there may be others to make their
appearance, from all the tales we hear of the beautiful light pink
sports of Premier, the rainbow-colored Ophelia sports, and the
Columbia sports of which there are legion, from pink to crimson
in color.

No, Quarantine 37, you haven't hurt the cut-rose industry,
and you have made the bedding rose industry greater. You have
saved us from Dutch roses on Manetti and dog-briar, and have
taught us to graft and bud on Multiflora japonica. Your for-
eign prices have taught us to raise this excellent stock from
seed and to grow Manetti from cuttings. Your lesson has been
taken seriously by American rose-lovers. They are proud of
America, and new American roses will take the place of what
has been. Not only the cut-flower grower and buyer, but the
American flower-lover, can thank those men who have given
us what Europe could not, and that is "American Roses for
Americans."

HOW MANY CUT ROSES IN 1921 ?

Last year the inquiry suggested that a hundred
million greenhouse roses had been cut in iQiQ.
That is hardly one apiece Jor each oj us. Let
us double it !

Greenhouse Roses This Year and Last

By CHARLES H. TOTTY, Madison, N. J.

Editor's Note. — Mr. Totty, the new Treasurer of the American Rose
Society, is well known as a most observing and acute rose-grower who keeps on
the front line of progress all the time. He discusses the great place the rose has
in the commercial flower-market, from the standpoint of definite knowledge.

THE question is asked — "Are the newer roses holding their
own in the market as a cut-flower proposition?," and the
answer is "Most assuredly, yes; they are not only holding
their own, but they are crowding out the last of the old varieties."

Columbia may well be called a standard since it is now in the
third year of its introduction and has made good in every
market of importance in the country. Premier is considered
partly responsible for the almost total disappearance of American
Beauty from the market. Its wonderful color, delightful fra-
grance, luxurious foliage, and apparently every other desirable
attribute, combined with its floriferousness and growth, has
just about sounded the death-knell of the American Beauty.
This last winter it is an undisputed fact that thousands of
Premier were sold as American Beauty, and the deluded but
delighted buyer was glad of it. American Beauty held on longer
than any other of the older roses, but one cannot gainsay that
its approach to decrepitude was marked by a tendency to run to
blind wood, and the greatly reduced quantity of bloom per plant
is responsible for American Beauty's demise.

Premier shows a tendency to black-spot in some sections,
which is apparently its only weakness. As grown and marketed
in the large flower centers, it is a superb rose.

Last year saw five well-heralded roses introduced to the trade,
in the advent of Crusader, Frank W. Dunlop, Mme. Butterfly,
Pilgrim, and Mrs. John Cook. The expert growers are carefully
keeping tabs on their bench surface to see which variety is the
winner in this quintette. Advices from the different growers
indicate 90 per cent in favor of Mme. Butterfly as the "find"
for 1920. Certainly the demand for stock of this variety would
more than indicate that it has made good. Growers at first
were skeptical as to whether Mme. Butterfly was a better
grower than Ophelia, but there is no question about it now.

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134 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Pilgrim, in some sections, seems to be getting popular. There
is no doubt about its freedom, but there is also no doubt about
its being badly afflicted by that scourge of the rose-grower,
black-spot. Expert cultivation will doubtless assist in over-
coming this handicap another season.

Frank W. Dunlop did very well in some sections where it
has been grown in a cool and rational manner. Some growers
who have been growing this Rose from 62° to 65° nights are
very sorry that they had anything to do with it, on account of
its tendency to mildew when grown too warm — and a rose today
that does not carry perfect foliage as well as perfect flowers
labors under a very severe handicap.

Crusader sells in the market, but it would not sell were a
better colored rose available. Hadley is the best colored of the
crimson roses, but does not produce the returns per square foot
that Crusader does; therefore the latter is a great improvement
in that respect. The color, however, is a little too dark, and the
market man complains that it turns blue when kept one or two
days. We are therefore still looking for the ideal red rose.
Experts are working with this in mind, and no doubt the next
year or two will produce something worth while in this color
that will be a decided improvement on existing kinds.

Mrs. John Cook is not much of a factor in the market, and it
is a question in my mind if it would not have been better to have
introduced this as an outdoor rose, where it belongs. John Cook,
the introducer of this variety, has given us some wonderful
outdoor roses, including Radiance, My Maryland, and others.
I believe Mrs. John Cook will make a very fine outdoor white.

Roses still continue to be the leading commodity in the cut-
flower market. As a large wholesaler remarked to me a few days
ago, "If you take the roses out of the market, there would be
practically nothing left to sell." The carnation is still laboring
under the handicap of poor culture and a lack of specially good
varieties, while the rose has been making all the running. The
growers today are hunting for new roses with the same gusto
with which they searched for new carnations a few years ago.

Some of the larger markets suffered a little during the holi-
days on account of the fact that growers had "pinched" their
stock, and more high-grade stock was being produced than the

GREENHOUSE ROSES THIS YEAR AND LAST 135

market could assimilate for the moment. Anyone who saw the
hmidreds of thousands of wonderful roses piled up in the New
York wholesale markets the week before Christmas must have
been astounded at the magnitude of the business and at the
amount of capital involved in such a perishable product. It is,
indeed, hardly possible that anyone outside of the trade has any
conception of the volume of business done.

The year 1920 was, perhaps, the most prosperous that the
cut-flower grower has ever enjoyed. The early part of the season
was marked by a tremendous demand, while the intense cold
weather decreased the supply, with the result that high prices
generally prevailed. The much-increased production was
marketed very readily at all times, and throughout the season
the business was in an entirely healthy condition.

The year 1921 finds the rose-growers looking forward with
confidence and seeing not a cloud on the sky of business.

Now regarding the usual query as to "What is new for the
coming year.''" we hear all sorts of rumors, some of which will
materialize, and possibly some will not.

White Ophelia is the novelty of the year, and all who grow
and appreciate Ophelia will doubtless take to this sterling new
kind. As a matter of fact, we understand the introducer is
practically sold out. Just where White Ophelia will stand as
soon as Lemon's new white Angelus comes out in 1922 is an
open question which time alone can decide.

Columbia is sporting profusely, and there will perhaps be
two or three sports distributed during the coming season, with
also a climbing form. We may expect Columbia to stay with us
for some years yet.

A new seedling which I understand has been registered as
"Hill's America" is making a marvelous record in its second
year, which, as a rule, is the year that a rose seedling either
goes backward or forward. There are also rumors of a fine new
seedling rose from New England, all of which points to progress.
A new variety stimulates the public attention and keeps it
interested and busy buying.

The rose business was never in a better condition, or with
more promise for the future than today. We can be decidedly
optimistic for the future.

Commercial Roses as the Wholesaler
Sees Them

By S. S. PENNOCK. Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor's Note. — No man in the East is better fitted than past-President
Pennock to give us a carefully critical glimpse over the commercial rose-field.
His establishments in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington
put him into unique relation with the largest and most critical markets and the
most advanced growers.

AS a commercial flower, the rose stands head and shoulders
XjL above every other flower grown today, and as far as one
can see now, there's nothing in sight to supplant it. In
the commercial roses we can go back probably fifty or sixty
years, when there were only a few varieties, with a new sort
added now and then. Interest has steadily increased until to-
day we have more than one rose enthusiast devoting all his
energies to giving the rose world something better each year.

Killarney, a European introduction of several years ago, was
so much easier to grow and bloomed so much freer, that before
the growers realized it they were overdoing it. A store man would
buy mostly Killarney, pink and some white, as there was very
little else to buy. Some markets, of course, had more variety
than others. One year in particular the Philadelphia market
was especially overworked with Killarney s.

This is a situation that the growers today need to guard
against with Columbia and Premier. If a customer comes into a
retail store and finds just two or three varieties of roses, there is
certainly not the encouragement to purchase that would exist
if there were a larger variety to choose from.

Both Columbia and Premier are fine roses. There's no
question about it — wonderful flowers, with fine foliage, good
growers; roses that give splendid satisfaction. Columbia, for
the year round, is probably the better of the two; but Premier,
during the midwinter months, forges ahead with its wonderful
foliage and large, well-shaped buds.

We have Pilgrim, which when it first came on the market last
summer, was not received with quite the favor that was hoped.
However, as the season progressed and the weather became

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ROSES AS THE WHOLESALER SEES THEM 137

cooler, it became more of a favorite mitil, at this writing, the
first of March, it is one of om- best roses. I believe it is a splendid
rose for about nine months of the year, but not a particularly
good hot-weather rose, although the growers may be able to so
grow it during the hotter part of the year that it will do better.
It is a good keeper, holds its head up, and has a very attrac-
tive color. The two-tone color gives it a class by itself.

American Legion, which is to be called "Legion" because of
a silly objection by the organization of that name, is coming out
this year, and seems like a very attractive rose; but every new
rose has to be tried out before it can be determined whether it
will be a success. I like it very much; whether from a grower's
standpoint it will equal or be better than our present roses will
have to be determined.

Dunlop, here in the East, has not proven the success it was
hoped. It seems to be better in warm than in cold weather.

It was thought Crusader would supersede Hadley, but it has
neither the color nor the holding qualities of Hadley, although it
is a larger rose, and I understand is a better and easier grower.
It will turn dark after it is cut a day or two, which is enough to
condemn it among retailers. It may be that this could be
improved upon by the grower, as some roses have been in the
past. Meteor, for instance, was found to be a success in a
warmer temperature.

Hoosier Beauty is still grown by some, but not nearly so much
as in the past. Some growers call it a money-maker.

Milady is and has been grown more extensively in the West
than in the East. While it is not a recent introduction, some of
the eastern growers are taking it up again, and it looks as if it
was coming back. From the standpoint of a producer, there
is nothing in the red rose line to touch it.

Russell is still a favorite, and I see no decrease in the plant-
ings of those who do it well. In fact, most of the eastern success-
ful Russell growers are increasing rather than decreasing. This,
for an all-year-round rose, is the best in its class today — a good
summer rose, a good winter rose and a good fall and spring rose,
although most growers claim it does not bloom well in winter.

Francis Scott Key is a wonderfully fine warm-weather rose,
in a class by itself. It has large, fine flowers on good stems, but

138 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

goes absolutely to sleep during the wintertime, and a great
many growers on that account feel it is unprofitable. I am sorry
not to see it grown more extensively. In the fall some wonderful
flowers are produced.

Mrs. George Shawyer is now very little grown, and apparently
will soon be a rose of the past. Sorry; it has many good points.

My Maryland is still favored by a number of growers, and
very successfully by those who go into it whole-heartedly
and use it as a bread-and-butter rose the year round. It has
its place.

Richmond is grown by very few, and more as a Christmas
cropper than anything else.

Sunburst we are sorry to see almost out of the market. A
new yellow rose is needed very badly, for we today do not have
a good yellow variety that is grown extensively. Neither
Ophelia nor Butterfly fill the place for a yellow. Let us hope
that some of our enthusiasts in rose-breeding will come along
with a good commercial yellow rose; something on the Sunburst
color and shape of bud, with Pilgrim stem.

It is regrettable to notice the tendency to drop Ophelia.
It is a splendid rose, and one that I should be very sorry to see
the growers discard. Some say Butterfly will replace it, but it
seems to me there is room for both roses. Butterfly is so distinct
from Ophelia that they could be sold by any up-to-date retail
store without one interfering with the other.

Mrs. Aaron Ward also seems to be passing. It was a great
favorite — a beautiful little rose, which probably made as much
of a sensation when it was first put on the market as any rose we
have ever had.

The only good, first-class white rose that we have available
today, commercially, is Double White Killarney. It is still
holding its own, although Angelus may supersede it. I do not
know much of Angelus, only having seen it in an exhibition
way, when it certainly impressed all present. The old f ew-petaled
white is not nearly as satisfactory from a dealer's standpoint as
the double roses. It is not as good in the wintertime, nor in
the summertime; in fact, it is not as good any time of the year.

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria is still a wonderfully good summer
rose, but, unfortunately, the growers have almost entirely

ROSES AS THE WHOLESALER SEES THEM 139

dropped it, claiming that it was not profitable, by reason of its
season being too short.

Jonkheer J. L. Mock is another rose that is passing. It is
not a winter rose, and bruises very easily ; mainly on that account
the growers have dropped it. It is an excellent grower and
good keeper, barring its bruising habits.

Among the little or "debutante" roses, Cecile Brunner and
Old Gold still hold their own. A number of other small roses
have been tried, but, after the first year or two, are discarded,
and I believe very few outside of these two are grown successfully.

Last, but not the least, we come to American Beauty, which
has been on the market now for about thirty years, and today
stands by itself. It is noted with great regret that so many of the
growers are dropping it, or decreasing the space devoted to it.
It is still a wonderful rose if well grown. What can you get that
will give the effect of a dozen fine, long-stemmed American
Beauties? Twenty-five or fifty of any other rose would hardly
make as good a showing. Unless it continues to bring a good
price, it will not be grown by anyone in a few years, which will be
a great pity.

Some recent changes in our establishment have brought to
light the rose prices of 1897 and 1898. The lists are interesting
indeed, as showing the change of varieties and the much lower
prices then prevailing. Only American Beauty carries through
in place and partly in price; the Easter figure for 1897 was from
25 to 50 cents per bloom, and the Christmas price of 1898 ran
from 50 cents to $1 .25 each. There has been a great improvement
in the variety and the quality of commercial roses since those
days, and a corresponding advance in their cost.

Would it not be a fine thing for the rose-men to change
Major O'Keefe's taking phrase, "Say It with Flowers," to
"Say It with Roses"? We can say it with beautiful roses, and
each year they are better and more beautiful.

THAT PACIFIC NORTHWEST ROSE
TRIP FOR 1922
Are you planning to make the pilgrimage, Reader?
Write the Secretary; be will keep you posted.

Cut Roses Around Chicago

By W. J. KEIMEL, President National Flower Growers' Association,
Elmhurst, 111.

Editor's Note. — This clear-cut showing of the extent and importance of
the cut-rose industry in the Middle West adds to the completeness of the state-
ment in this Annual. Few, the Editor believes, realize either the investment or
the magnitude of the business involved in the production of roses every day
in the year. Few, either, appreciate the enormous improvement in varieties
and in their adaptability, resulting from the intensive work and the sheer
genius of American rosarians. It should be noted that perfection for green-
house culture is almost an "acid test" of rose fitness, and some of our very
best garden roses — as, for example, Ophelia, Columbia, Mrs. Charles Russell —
had their first tryout under glass.

Mr. Keimel is head of an important national organization of producing
florists.

THE commercial growing of roses for cut-flowers has in-
creased very extensively during the last ten years in the
Middle West, especially around Chicago, so that at the
present time at least 50 per cent of all glass area devoted to
floriculture is planted with roses for the growing of cut-flowers.

The great increase can be dated from the time of the dis-
semination of such varieties as Richmond and the Killarneys,
soon followed by Ophelia and its sports and progeny, and
by Sunburst, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Milady, Mrs. Charles Russell
and others. With the advent of these varieties, the rose-grower
found that he was able to bring his rose into crop very nearly
at any specified time, and in this way he has been able to have
heavy cuts of roses at the time when the demand was greatest.
This has helped to a great extent to overcome the losses caused
by too large supplies of roses at times when there was little
demand, and has put the business of commercial rose-growing
upon a more successful scale financially.

For a number of years before the introduction of these new
varieties, almost all the space devoted to roses was planted in
Bride, Bridesmaid, and American Beauty, until the public began
to lose interest in the rose to a large extent for the want of
variety. Now this has been overcome, so that it is possible to
satisfy the most discriminating customer in regard to color or
variety.

In the last three years a new strain of roses has made its

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CUT ROSES AROUND CHICAGO 141

appearance, which are mostly seedHngs of Ophelia crossed with
the best of our present commercial varieties, and this new strain
is fast crowding out the older varieties. Columbia was the first
of this strain, and was soon followed by Premier. The first
practically displaced Killarney, and now Premier bids fair to
displace, not only Mrs. Charles Russell but also the old veteran,
American Beauty.

These two varieties are the first of a large number of seed-
lings originated by E. G. Hill, and we may expect others as good
and better to follow in the next few years. Mr. Hill's standards
are high, his patience notable, and his achievements of the
greatest importance to the commercial grower.

The roses grown for cut-flowers around Chicago and the
Middle West are as follows, quantities in order named: Colum-
bia, Premier, Milady, Ophelia, Mrs. Charles Russell, Sunburst,
American Beauty, White Killarney, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mme.
Butterfly, Crusader, Cecile Brunner; also, in smaller quantities:
Montrose, Victor, Golden Rule, Dunlap, Hoosier Beauty,
Pilgrim and Prima Donna. Among the new varieties to be
disseminated this and the next year, some of the most promising
are White Ophelia, Golden Ophelia, Angelus, Miss Amelia
Gude, Red Columbia, and Legion, besides many others that
are being tried out and will be heard from in the near future —
if they make good !

In regard to the glass area devoted to the growing of roses
for cut-flowers, while the exact statistics are not yet at hand,
it is safe to state that in the Middle West it will cover not less
than ten million square feet, requiring an investment of more than
$10,000,000, and employing about 2,000 people at an annual
operating expense of somewhere near $6,000,000.

This gross cost is divided approximately thus: for labor,
$2,000,000; for fuel, $1,600,000; for fertilizer, $400,000; for rose
plants, $400,000; for insecticides, $100,000; for repairs, mainte-
nance and miscellaneous expenses, $1,500,000.

With the continued improvement of the rose and with the
help of the publicity campaign carried on all over the country,
there is no doubt but that the commercial growing of roses will
continue to show a steady increase in the future as it has in the
past.

Commercial Roses in the Pacific
Northwest

By THOMAS C. LUKE, Portland, Ore.

Editor's Note. — This accoxmt of the cut-rose situation in the Northwest
indicates the country-wide scope of the rose commercially.

THE greenhouse roses of the Pacific Northwest, and par-
ticularly of Portland, are like our outdoor roses, in that
they are far superior in brilliancy of color and abundance of
fragrance to those found elsewhere in the country. This is due
to the wonderful rose climate, there being alternate spells of
bright sun and overcast sky, just such as the roses need to
bring forth their wonderful tints. While these climatic conditions
are particularly true of Portland, the same kind of climate in a
measure prevails in Seattle, Tacoma, and Vancouver. Portland
is the distributing center for Oregon and most of Washington.

To realize the wonderful brilliancy of the coloring in inside-
grown roses in Portland, one only has to visit the floral shops of
that city. I have the honor of being proprietor of one of them,
and after visiting the big places in the East and the Middle West,
I can say, without fear of contradiction, that in my shop I can
show better roses, that is, fuller blooms, of better color, and
with better lasting qualities, than I have found elsewhere.

In the Pacific Northwest we grow practically all the standard
and well-known roses, with no special drive on any one variety.
American Beauty has little vogue in this section, and it is not
the social rose or the feature rose that it is elsewhere. Mrs.
Charles Russell is always popular and in great demand. Of
our dark red roses Hadley is the favorite. For a yellow rose, we
have May Martin, a Portland sport of Ophelia, and it is a rose
with great commercial value. A local light pink rose is Mrs. John
C. Ainsworth, which is striking in form and lasting qualities.

The great demand for the trade is for a good white rose, and
one of our largest growers is arranging this spring for a big
planting of the new Angelus. He will also introduce to the
Pacific Northwest another novelty, named "Rotarian."

The greenhouses around Portland have growing about 70,000
rose plants, which are sufficient to supply a community of this
size. It is estimated that the average receipt of roses in Port-

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COMMERCIAL ROSES IN THE NORTHWEST 143

land is about 7,000 per day. In the wintertime the cut runs
down to as low as 3,500 to 4,000, in midseason goes up to 10,000.
Plans are being made by several of the growers to increase their
planting, and it is expected that next year Portland will have
about 100,000 plants producing for the commercial trade.

At Seattle the largest producers specialize in Ophelia, which
has a big vogue in that section.

Roses and the Retail Florist

By THOMAS ROLAND
President Society of American Florists, Nahant, Mass.

Editor's Note. — A message to the retail florist is here presented, and it is
from the active head of the great organization that has long advanced the
interests of the florists in America. Mr. Roland is himself a notable grower of
potted roses for exhibition.

I WONDER if those carrying on a general local retail business
realize the great possibilities for increasing their business

through the sale of rose plants suitable for growing in the
garden? Theoretically, everybody loves the rose; and I am quite
sure many more persons would grow and enjoy roses were it pos-
sible to more easily obtain good plants for the garden locally.
There are many who are unaware that roses can be successfully
grown in any garden or yard where tree-tops do not shade or
tree-roots do not interfere. Moreover, I am firmly convinced
that no other hardy garden plant returns as much in pleasure,
in proportion to expense and trouble, as does the rose.

There are many good hardy garden rose varieties today, so
that with a balanced collection (one not necessarily requiring
a large garden), it is easily possible to be able to have roses in
bloom every day from June to November, even in most parts
of the New England States. The charm of greeting in the garden
an old or a new rose friend, almost any time, makes the rose
unique as a hardy everblooming garden plant.

I really believe that if every florist growing bedding plants
would also carry in stock hardy roses, suitable for general garden
purposes, that not only would it prove profitable from a business
standpoint, but there would also be the pleasure and satisfac-
tion of knowing and feeling that we were also doing our part to
put "A rose in every home and a bush in every garden."

Rose-Growing in France After the War

By M. CHARLES SIRET
Secretary Soci6t6 Francaise des Rosi^ristes, Lyons, France

Editor's Note. — These first words of oflBcial rose greeting from France,
so sorely stricken in the fight for humanity, will be welcomed by all who
remember where the best of our roses have originated. M. Siret is also
Editor of Les Amis des Roses, the French rose publication, and the only one
in the world devoted entirely to the rose.

THERE is no garden in France, whether of the rich or of
the poor, in which the rose has not the place of honor it
deserves. Indeed, French rosarians have acquired universal
fame by their patient research and by the careful manner in
which they grow roses.

When the war broke out, rose-growers, as all their fellow-
citizens, had to leave their work to defend their country against
the invaders. Many thousands of roses ready for the winter
sale of 1914-15 were thus abandoned. The largest rose nurseries
have been deprived of labor, and often their owners were
mobilized. The amateurs, for the most part either mobilized or
distressed by the dreadful events, did not care to buy or to plant
any roses.

Nevertheless, few nurseries have been given up. Old men who
were not mobilized and the mothers, wives, and daughters of
our gallant soldiers would not let their work of many years be
lost. They worked and pruned the roses, hoping the war would
last a short time. Unfortunately, these hopes were not realized ;
so they went on planting the stock. Indeed, these women and
girls replaced the absentees in budding and grafting roses, do-
ing, in a wonderful manner, the work which until then had
been considered as too difficult to be done save by trained
specialists.

They have now been rewarded for their work, as the amateurs
who had not given up their collections and who wished to replace
roses which had been frozen during the sharp winter of 1917-18,
ordered roses again.

Thus, when the war ended and the rose-growers came
home, they found their rose resources reduced, but sufficient to
start them working again. Because of the scarcity of stocks

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ROSE-GROWING IN FRANCE 145

and their high price, they could plant only small quantities in
the spring of 1919; many were demobilized too late in the season
to be able to plant at all. This explains the scarcity of roses this
season, for it was only last spring that they could plant larger
quantities of stocks, and even now they are far from being as
large as before the war.

Labor is more scarce in horticulture than before the war.
Many nurserymen have, alas, given their lives for their country.
Furthermore, many gardeners, attracted by the high wages
workmen receive in factories, and by the eight-hour day's work
— which cannot be extended to agriculture — have gone to the
factories.

Thus it is with few and inexperienced men that our rose-
growers have had to start their effort to regain the important
place they had in 1914. The task is not easy, as they have
now to contend with the American and English rose-growers
who are working carefully and scientifically toward rose im-
provement, and who, stimulated by the results obtained, will no
doubt continue their present worthy efforts for the ameliora-
tion of the rose.

Though the war has changed many of our old ways, we will
not plant less roses. What other flower could be substituted.'^
I would not dare to propose any substitution of their favorite
flower to readers of the American Rose Annual.

To all its other unique qualities, it can be said of the rose
that it is the least expensive of all good plants and shrubs. If,
at present prices, the making of a bed of roses or of a rose
garden seems costly, it should be noted that this expense is
to be divided over the several years in which the planting
will be effective with only the necessary expenditure for
cultivation.

In closing this short account it is my duty to do homage to
the women, who, during five long years, have helped by their
work and their intelligence to keep the nurseries going, making
thus the work of reconstruction easier after that dreadful war.
The French Government has shown its gratitude to them in
awarding some of them the Merite Agricole, but they were so
numerous that many were not made known, and so did not
receive the reward they deserve.

New Rose Trials at Bagatelle

Translated by MLLE. THERESE TURBAT, Orleans, France

Editor's Note. — We are again greatly indebted to Mile. Th^r^se Turbat,
daughter of the noted French rosarian of that name, for the translation of the
report of the Bagatelle New Rose Trials, written for Les Amis des Roses, the
journal of the Society Fran9aise des Rosi^ristes. Judging from the list of awards,
it appears that the Continental rose-growers have produced many exceedingly
attractive and worth-while varieties for this year's trials and next year's as well.
In our mutual love for the "Queen of Flowers," Europe does not seem very far
from us, and a new rose there inte'rests us almost as much as one at home.

IT has been the custom, heretofore, to have the meeting of the
Jury for the New Rose Trials at Bagatelle between the 16th

and the 20th of June, but owing to the early blooming of the
roses in 1920 it was necessary to hold the event on June 7
instead of June 18, as previously announced. At that time, not
only most of the roses were in bloom, but the quality and size
of the blooms seemed superior to those of previous years.

Together with M. Autrand, Pr^fet de la Seine, the following
members of the Jury met at Bagatelle: M. Deville, president of
the Commission des Beaux Arts au Conseil Municipal de Paris,
and also president of the Jury; MM. Barbier, Cochet-Cochet,
Leveque, Nonin, Pernet-Ducher, French rose-growers; M.
Abel Chatenay, vice-president of the Societe Nationale d'Horti-
culture de France; M. Bois, professor at the Museum; M.
Gravereaux, proprietor of La Roseraie de I'Hay; Messrs. Alex.
Dickson, Turner, and Wallace, English rose-growers; M.
Jonkheer J. L. Mock, president of the Societe des Rosi^ristes
HoUandais, M. Leenders, the well-known rose specialist, both of
Holland; and J. C. N. Forestier, Conservateur des Promenades
de Paris.

There was a large number of new roses received in 1919,
despite the difficulties of all sorts, and many of them are very
beautiful, making it exceedingly difficult for the Jury to award
the Gold Medals and the Certificates.

The Gold Medal was awarded to Sou v. de Claudius Pernet,
a very large rose of pure chrome-yellow, borne on rigid stem.
Its extreme vigor, the great abundance of the full double flowers,
and its lovely yellow color make it a very remarkable rose.
M. Pernet-Ducher gave it the name of his elder son, who fell

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NEW ROSE TRIALS AT BAGATELLE 147

gloriously on the battlefield. Another admirable rose, bearing
the name of the second son that the war has taken from this
unfortunate father, will be seen at next year's trials.

Another yellow rose, Benedicte Seguin, originated by Pernet-
Ducher, has extremely nice buds and very large petals, and was
awarded the First Certificate. In color it is very different, being
golden yellow, and the foliage is dark rich green. The stems are
long and strong. It is really more of a Hybrid Tea than a
Pernetiana, and has the delicate penetrating fragrance of that
class, which is remarkable in a yellow rose so deeply colored.

The Gold Medal for foreign roses was awarded to Frances
Gaunt, originated by Alex. Dickson & Sons. This is a vigorous
growing Hybrid Tea, not very tall, but producing continuously
large, semi-double, salmon-yellow blooms.

Certificates were also awarded to the following:

President Parmentier, H.T. (Sauvageot.) Colonel Leclerc X Le Progr^s.
It is a vigorous grower with an abundance of large, full, pink-apricot flowers on
strong stems.

La France Victorieuse, H.T. (P. Guillot.) Shown by the Roseraie de I'Hay,
is a very large, full flower of tender pink, with darker center. The petals are very
large and the stems strong.

Comtesse de Cassagne, H.T. (GuiUot.) Lovely buds and large, full flowers,
slightly pink inside and ivory-white outside. The blooms are borne on strong
stems and have a pronoimced Hybrid Tea fragrance. It seems to be a vigorous
grower and continuous bloomer.

Mermaid, H. Brae. (W. Paul & Son.) Rosa bracteata X a Tea rose. This
interesting hybrid again commanded much attention. The foliage is like that of
R. bracteata, brilliant green and persisting in winter (it was not injiu-ed by hard
frost). The blooms are large, single, pale yellow, with a Tea rose fragrance.
This rose is the forerunner of a new and interesting class.

The number of certificates being limited to five this year,
many very interesting roses did not receive awards, but mention
will be made of a few of them here. The two Hybrid Teas from
Leenders are especially interesting.

Hortulanus Albert Fiet, H.T. (Leenders.) Beautifully formed buds and
flowers; salmon with yellow reverse, which is the same color as the large bud;
when completely open changes to a light salmon-pink; fragrant. Very florif-
erous.

Mme. Annette Aynard, H.T. (Leenders.) Large, full, creamy white flowers
with petals edged pink. Like many of the large roses it does not always open well.

Yves Druhem. (Buatois.) The dark, velvety red flowers are borne on long
stems and are very fragrant. While this rose is not very large, its lovely dark
color, long, strong stem, and good habit make it very desirable.

Golden Pirrie. (Dobbie.) A whitish yellow sport of Lady Pirrie. The bud

148 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

when about to open, is a very pretty shape. The flowers are semi-double, with
large, satiny petals. A perpetual bloomer.

3A-1026. (Merryweather.) This unnamed variety is single, golden yellow
when opening, with very large petals and rigid stem. A perpetual bloomer.

T. F. Crozier. (Hugh Dickson.) A vigorous-growing rose with full flowers on
long, strong stems. The bud is yellow and the flowers white when fully open;
not very large.

Evcdine, Poly. (Prosser & Son.) Orleans X Rayon d'Or. Produces an abun-
dance of small light pink flowers with rolled petals.

Pax, H. Muse. (Pemberton.) Seems to be a perpetual bloomer with semi-
double, pure white flowers having a distinct carnation perfume, like that of
R. moschata.

Mrs. Fred Poulsom (Therkildsen.) Unfortunately, the rose is too smaU, but
the color — bright pink, shaded with yellow — is unique.

Among the new roses sent last autumn and this spring, to be
judged definitely next year, there are some which seem worthy
of particular mention :

Souv. de Georges Fernet. (Pernet-Ducher.) Flowers pink, slightly shaded
yellow, on strong stems. A vigorous grower with beautiful disease-resistant
foliage. It produces an abimdance of beautifully formed buds and large, full
flowers.

An unnamed hybrid, of Sunburst X Rayon d'Or, originated by Looymans.

Huguette Vincent. (Chambard.) Seedling of Mrs. Edward Powell X an
imnamed variety. Large, semi-double flowers of very brilliant geranium-red
on long, strong stems. A profuse and perpetual bloomer.

Etoile de Hollande. (Leveque.) Large, semi-double flowers of a very beautiful
scarlet-red.

Mme. Alfred Ponnier. (Bernaix.) A very vigorous and perpetual flowering
rose with white blooms. The buds do not seem full enough.

Sea Foam, H. Brae. (W. Paul & Son.) White, shaded slightly with cream.

No doubt there will be many other varieties produced this
year which will make their debut in the spring of 1921. Un-
fortunately, hindrances of all sorts have made it increasingly
diflScult to enter the foreign roses in the Bagatelle trials. For
instance, the four new roses sent by Howard & Smith, Los
Angeles, Calif., arrived last year in a miserable condition, having
been on the way three months. Of the four plants, three were
finally induced to grow. One bore an abundance of half -full
yellow flowers with Tea rose perfume; another, semi-double
salmon-yellow flowers on plants that seemed none too vigorous;
and the third seems to resemble Los Angeles, with fuller flowers
and smaller, slightly pinker petals. Owing to the poor condition
in which they were received and their late planting, these roses
will be placed in next year's trials, so that the Jury may see
them in their normal foliage and growth.

Plate XV. The English Gold-Medal Roses of J920

1 Una Wallace: 2, Vanity; 3, Mabel Morse; 4, Marjorie Bulkeley; 5, Princess Victoria;
6, Mrs. John K. Allan; 7, Courtney Page; S, Rev. F. Page-Roberts; 9, Mrs. John .Inglis.
(Photographs by courtesy of Courtney Page, Hon. Secretary National Rose Society ot
England. See opoosite page.)

The New Gold-Medal Roses of 1920

By COURTNEY PAGE
Hon. Secretary National Rose Society of England

Editor's Note. — Mr. Page has again most kindly sketched for the members
of the American Rose Society from his standard of knowledge and authority,
the prize- winning English roses of 1920, and it is to his kindness also that we
owe the pictures (marked f) of nine of these "top-notch" roses. Few American
rose-growers appreciate the critical care and attention characterizing rose cul-
ture in England, or the orderly manner in which the merits of the new roses
are judged. (See Plate XV, facing this page.)

The National Rose Society of England is the leading rose organization of
the world, and its publications are interesting and important. Membership
may be attained by mailing an international money order for a half guinea
(about $2.50) to Mx. Courtney Page, 25 Victoria St., Westminster, S. W. I.,
London, England.

I HAD been looking forward to seeing a record number of new
varieties of roses staged for an award during the past year,

but, alas ! weather conditions quite upset all calculations.
Our raisers have the roses right enough, and truly marvelous
are their new creations as seen in their trial-grounds, but they
all aim at getting the coveted award, the Gold Medal given by
the National Rose Society, and unless they have their blooms
just in the right condition for staging on the appointed day,
the novelty is kept back.

Our summer here last year was abnormal, for after a hot,
dry spring, we experienced a long spell of cold and sunless
days; in fact, from June until the end of September, the tem-
perature never once reached normal, and, consequently, the
roses suffered.

Incidentally, I notice my old friend, Mr. E. G. Hill, has been
saying some nice things about our English weather. Well,
when he comes over again to see us — which I hope will be soon —
he will probably find he will need a sunshade.

I have explained before in your 1920 Annual, that new
varieties of Roses exhibited in England are placed under two
sections :

Exhibition Roses are those best suited for staging separately
in boxes, or vases, or as specimen blooms only; while

Garden and Decorative Roses are those best suited for
general garden cultivation. The first type, including those suit-

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150 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

able for exhibition purposes only, and usually with short,
stunted growth, is now fast disappearing, and our hybridizers
are now giving more attention to the type of rose that is good
alike for both exhibition and garden purposes.

The award of a Gold Medal or Certificate of Merit of the
National Rose Society is open to any new novelty, provided
six blooms at least are staged, together with a plant as growing
in the ground. The awards are made at any of the National
Rose Society's shows, by a specially appointed committee, to
any novelty grown and staged under the prescribed conditions,
and any novelty that receives the award of a Gold Medal is
thereafter known as a "Gold Medal Rose." Comment is some-
times made on the way this coveted award is given, but the
primary object of the award is to encourage the raisers to pro-
duce new and improved varieties, in plant as well as in flower;
and it is quite certain that had the award been for the rose
alone, we should not have in our gardens the lovely roses of
today.

At our 1920 Summer Show, when making their awards, the
New Seedling Rose Committee had the valued assistance of
Mr. E. G. Hill. It would be interesting, Mr. Editor, if you could
persuade him to give his recollections; he knows something, I can
assure you ! [Mr. Hill has been persuaded, see page 154. — Ed.]

It is an interesting sight to watch the raisers staging their
blooms. They know full well that the New Seedling Rose Com-
mittee will have to decide on what they see before them, and
not as the rose might be seen growing in their nurseries. Their
first consideration will be, "Is it a novelty worthy of consider-
ation.'*" Having decided that point, the next is, "Is it an im-
provement, or advance, on existing varieties.'*" Then is asked,
"Does the plant indicate a reasonably vigorous habit of growth?"
— an important point. "What are its qualities as to freedom
from mildew?" "Is it sweet-scented?" "Is it a 'nodder'?," mean-
ing, does it hang its head. These searching inquiries are made
according to the section to which it belongs.

The Certificate of Merit is given when a novelty staged does
not quite come up to the high standard required by the New
Seedling Rose Committee, and is an indication that they wish
to see that variety again. These two awards are now so greatly

THE NEW GOLD-MEDAL ROSES 151

prized by the raisers of new roses, that very few new varieties
of merit are sent out without one or the other of these awards
attached to their names. They are the "hall-mark" for quality.

I am sure you will not accuse me of bragging when I tell you
that your Mr. Hill said, on seeing the application of the stand-
ards by the Committee, "I think the judging of new varieties
of roses here is faultless," which we appreciated as a graceful
compliment.

A Gold Medal was awarded to each of the following novelties
during 1920. [Those followed by the dagger sign (f) are illus-
trated in plate XV, facing page 149. — Editor.]

Princess Victoria, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) A vigorous-growing rose of
the Queen Alexandra type. The blooms are large and globular, with big,
broad petals, and are very sweetly scented. The color is a deep red, overlaid
with scarlet. Although not perhaps so bright a color as the Queen Alexandra,
it has more of the Hybrid Tea in it, and for that reason it should be a good
bedder. I have it in my garden, and it promises well. Princess Victoria very
graciously gave the Rose her name. In commerce.

Rev. F. Page-Roberts, H.T.j (B. R. Cant & Sons.) A fine rose of a vigorous
habit, with good shaped blooms, which are carried erect on long, stifiF stems and
are very sweetly scented. The color is an orange-yellow, becoming lighter at
the edges of the petals. It was stated to be an excellent exhibition and garden
rose, and the plant and blooms staged certainly gave one that impression.
In commerce.

Mrs. John K. Allan, H.T.f (Hugh Dickson.) An enormous bloom, fully up
to exhibition standard. The petals are shell-shaped, and the color a pale salmon-
pink. It is one of those loose-petaled roses after the type of Colleen. The plant
exhibited was of vigorous growth and free from mildew. In commerce.

Marjorie Bulkeley, H.T.f (Hugh Dickson.) Had this rose been staged ten
years ago, we should have gone into ecstasies over it. Nowadays the fashion
rightly trends more toward those varieties which not only give a good bloom
for exhibition pm-poses, but also can be relied upon to produce a quantity of
good blooms when the shows are over. In Marjorie Bulkeley we not only have
a very fine, perfectly formed ideal and sweetly scented exhibition bloom, with
high pointed center, but also a fine garden variety, of vigorous branching habit.
The color is a pale flesh-pink, tinted orange. The dark green healthy foliage of
the plant exhibited showed no sign of mildew. It received a Certificate of Merit
at the Summer Show.

Lady Inchiquin, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) When we saw this rose at
the Summer Show, its delicate orange-cerise coloring attracted a host of admirers.
The blooms staged there were all wired, and many thought it was the type of
rose so aptly described as "a nodder." Later we saw it in all its beauty, and the
perfectly formed blooms were carried on fairly stifiF stems. Its coloring will
make it an ideal bedder, but the plants exhibited were not quite as vigorous as
one would have wished. In commerce.

Ethel James, H.T. (S. McGredy & Son.) A delightful single rose, somewhat
after the style of Isobel, but with a much deeper shade of pink. It is a pure
Hybrid Tea and a good grower, and will become a favorite with the ladies for
table decoration.

152 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Yvonne, Wich. (Frank Cant & Co.) This is a very lovely shell-pink colored
rose of the Lady Godiva type. A vigorous grower, with large, upright trusses
of bloom, lasting well, it will soon find its way into every garden. The exhibit,
staged in a large vase, was quite one of the features of the tent. It has also been
awarded the Cory Cup as the best new seedling climbing rose originated by a
British raiser during the year. In commerce.

Hawlmark Scarlet, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) A fine bedding rose, best
described as an improved Colonel Oswald Fitzgerald, the color being scarlet,
shaded maroon, and almost identical with that variety, but the habit of growth
is more vigorous and free, while the blooms are very sweetly scented. An ideal
bedding rose.

Adonis, H.T. (Bees, Ltd.) A lovely pale yellow rose of vigorous habit. The
blooms are large, well-formed, and sweetly scented. After the style of Mrs.
David McKee, but to me a distinct improvement on that variety. The plant
exhibited was free from mildew, and the dark olive-green leathery foliage would
tend to show it was tolerably free from that trouble. A first-class garden rose.

Una Wallace, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) A fine rose of vigorous, upright
growth. The blooms, which are well formed, and sweetly-scented are carried
on long, stiff stems. The color is a bright old rose, with deeper center. A rose
we all want, and one that will show up well under artificial light. It will prove
invaluable both for exhibition and garden alike.

Courtney Page, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) I quote the description of this
fine rose from The Garden. "Described on the charge sheet as good for bedding,
garden, and exhibition. Full, highly built, tapering to a point, the recurving
petals of exceptional substance and quality, the newcomer has richly fragrant
flowers of a lustrous and brilliant dark crimson that defy description. The
accompanying plant possessed an exceptionally robust and convincing habit of
growth. Confident of its excellence and high attributes, the raisers have demon-
strated these thing unmistakably in the name by which henceforth this magni-
ficent novelty will be known."

The secondary award, or what I have explained as a suspense
award, is the Certificate of Merit, and that honor was given
in 1920 to:

Padre. H.T. (B. R. Cant & Sons.) This rose appeared to me to be more of a
Pernetiana than a Hybrid Tea, but the new varieties are now so very mixed
that their classification becomes more and more difficult. It is a good-shaped
cerise-cherry colored rose, fragrant, and apparently a good grower. In commerce.

Constance Casson. H. P. (B. R. Cant & Sons.) A beautiful many-colored
rose. On looking at my notes I find I have it as a glorified Gorgeous, but with
petals of more substance, with a pretty golden shade and sweetly scented. The
exhibit attracted a deal of attention, and the rose was thought by some to have
been worthy of the higher honor. The plant shown was vigorous, with bright
healthy foliage probably fairly free from mildew. In commerce.

Mrs. Curnock Sawday, H.T. (Elisha J. Hicks.) A vigorous grower, with
bright green foliage. The well-shaped blooms carried erect on long stems, are
sweetly scented. The color is a pleasing shade of pale blush-pink. A good garden
rose. In commerce.

J. G. Glassford, H.T. (Hugh Dickson.) A very large, good-shaped bloom,
with high-pointed center and very sweetly scented. The color is a rich carmine-
crimson. The plant exhibited was very vigorous and free from mildew. Good
alike for exhibition and garden purposes.

THE NEW GOLD-MEDAL ROSES 153

Captain Kilbee-Stuart, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) A vigorously growing
variety, with dark olive-green foliage. The blooms are very large, of good shape,
with broad petals, somewhat after the style of Edward Mawley. The color is a
rich velvety crimson, shaded violet. A useful rose.

Lady Maureen Stewart, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) This is a very fine
vigorous-growing garden rose. The medium-sized, sweetly scented blooms are
abundantly produced, and of good shape, though perhaps the petals are a trifle
short; stems erect. Color, vivid scarlet-crimson. Will make a fine bedder.

Betty Uprichard, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) Another of those many-
colored roses so difficult to describe. One writer has it: "The outer face of the
petals is orange-scarlet, inner face soft pink, shaded with apricot toward the
base." I have it as a mixture of salmon and orange. The blooms are small and
rather thin, but they are most attractive, having a distinct verbena scent. The
plants shown were vigorous and free from mildew. A very promising rose.

Rosier s Orleans, Poly. Pom. (W. Easlea.) Perhaps best described as an
improved Orleans rose, the color being a very much brighter shade of pink. I
noticed, however, that the small, semi-double flowers had a tendency at times
to show their center. It will be a very fine bedder. In commerce.

Mabel Morse,'ii.T.^\ (S. McGredy & Son.) A fine, vigorously growing bedding
rose of a rich golden yellow color. Moderate size; sweetly scented. The foliage
is bright, glossy, and free from mildew. Probably more of a Pernetiana.

Vanity, H. Musk. (Rev. J. H. Pemberton.) A very pretty semi-double
rose, carried on very long stems in enormous loose clusters — certainly the largest
cluster rose we have. The color is a bright rose, shaded carmine at the edge of
the petals, which, combined with the golden stamens, makes the blooms most
elegant. The habit of growth is very vigorous. Recently I saw Vanity in the
raiser's garden. The large bushes, with their dark olive-green foliage, free from
mildew, were very fine. Its perpetual flowering qualities, and its sweet scent,
will make Vanity a favorite as a specimen shrub. In commerce.

Ariel, Per. (Bees, Ltd.) A rose of the Independence Day type, with some-
what similar coloring, but the blooms are much larger and better shaped, and
are sweetly scented. The habit of growth is upright and vigorous. The cut-back
plant shown was of exceptional growth. A valuable garden addition.

Mrs. A. J. Wylie, H.T. (Hugh Dickson.) This is, perhaps, the largest rose
of the year, and somewhat reminds one of Mildred Grant. The large petals
are of great substance, well over five inches long, and fragrant. The color is a
delicate pale salmon-pink. It will prove most valuable for exhibition.

Earl Haig, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) This rose reminded me very much
of the old variety Earl of Dufferin, the color, dark crimson, being almost identical
with that old rose when seen at its best. The growth, however, is sturdy and
upright; the blooms are well formed, but perhaps a trifle thin; sweetly scented.
Will be useful for both exhibition and garden purposes.

Coral Cluster, Poly. Pom. (R. Murrell.) This is a sport from the old Orleans
rose, which it resembles in every way except color, which is a delightful shade of
coral-pink. It is quite a new shade amongst the Polyanthas, and will become a
popular variety for bedding and pot culture. In commerce.

Mrs. John Inglis, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) This rose may perhaps be
described as an improved H. V. Machin. The blooms are of a good shape, and
carried on stiff stems. The color is a rich crimson, lasting well, and the flowers are
very sweetly scented. It will be valuable both for exhibition and garden.

The best roses of the year are Una Wallace, Marjorie Bulke-

ley, Lady Maureen Stewart, and Courtney Page.

English Roses Through American Eyes

By E. G. HILL, Richmond, Ind.

Editor's Note. — In Mr. Page's story of the new English roses, he alludes
to the presence, while they were being judged, of our best-loved American rosarian,
"Gurney" Hill, whose roses belt America in flower fraternity. It is a great pleasure
to present Mr. Hill's own candid observations on his visit of 1920 to England
and his judgment of some of the roses he saw there.

Without Mr. Hill's knowledge that it was to be done, a portrait of that fine
and friendly rose-worker is inserted in this Annual as Plate XVI, facing page 156.
In the 1916 Annual reference was made to his then half-century of rose service.
Born in England, in 1847, he has been an American since 1851, and in his
home city of Richmond, Ind., since 1865. He has seen all the roses of all the
world pass across the stage of public inspection, and has seen many of his own
receive applause. Gen. MacArthur, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Richmond,
Rhea Reid, Robin Hood, are among the winners. Columbia and Premier,
grown from coast to coast and by the tens of thousands, are his achievements,
and the great work goes on.

To visit his wonderful establishment, and to see the perfection of growth
which makes an immense greenhouse a literal forest of roses, towering over
one's head, is an experience one rose-lover at least will never forget.

THE Regent's Park show was especially interesting, exceed-
ingly so on account of the large number of "debutantes"
introduced at this great English rose festival.

The tent containing the seedling roses was filled to its
capacity, the public evincing keen interest in this special feature
of the show. It was a delightful surprise to an American to note
the long waiting-line seeking entrance to the Seedling tent.
Here could be seen entries from the two Dickson firms, from
Samuel McGredy & Son, all of Ireland, and from the leading
English rose-growing establishments, the Irish firms predominat-
ing in the number of entries.

With true Old-World courtesy, your humble servant was
invited to join the Committee on Awards to Novelties, which
courtesy was greatly appreciated, as it afforded a wonderful
opportunity to size up the English method of judging, and also to
get the viewpoint of our English friends as they decided on the
relative merits of the entries, and saw to it that they filled the
necessary qualifications for entry. Latitude was allowed as to
the number of blooms of a variety, also as to shape and style of
receptacles in which they were shown. Supports were used in a
few cases to hold the blooms erect, which, it seemed to me was a
mistake. From the American standpoint a weak neck is a fatal

(154)

ENGLISH ROSES 155

defect; the recognition of such varieties and their later entry into
commerce and import into America has led to misunderstanding
and disappointment. On this point, we think our stand is
well taken that a stiff stem is one of the essentials. A rose that
hangs its head is like a person who cannot look one in the face.

Another British requisite in a novelty asking recognition is
the presentation of a plant as well as the cut bloom. This, of
course, gives a good idea of the vigor and habit of the variety.
Roses grown under glass were not allowed to compete — or at
least that was my impression. A majority vote of the committee
decided the fate of a variety.

I think it is much easier for a novelty to receive a certificate
or a gold medal under the rules of the National Rose Society
of England, than it is for an American seedling to gain like
recognition in this country under our American method of
judging. If Edel, with its fine size and form and purity of
color had a stiff stem it would be a treasure, and if Col. Fitz-
gerald with its gorgeous color would only hold its head erect,
it would stand as the long-looked-for crimson-scarlet. Some of
the newer varieties seen at Regent Park and also at the Leeds
Provincial Show of the National Rose Society, possess fine forms,
unique coloring, and are certainly, from the garden standpoint,
worthy additions to our list of select and distinct kinds :

Princess Victoria, a Gold Medal variety, is very pronounced in its color —
orange- vermilion. Betty Uprichard was one of the finest on the show table.
Clara Curtiss, a distinct clear yellow, is a rose of great promise. Victory, one of
McGredy's, is a fine scarlet seedling of extra good form and immense size.
Una Wallace is a clean-cut pink of strong growth and great freedom. Courtney
Page is a fine crimson with long, pointed bud; if this variety has enough petalage,
it should make good.

W. E. Wallace (Hugh Dickson) looks to be a very promising yellow.
As seen at Totty's place in February it looked very good, and has possibilities.

Marjorie Bulkeley (Hugh Dickson) is orange in color, and was very con-
spicuous, both on the exhibition table and in the open.

Mrs. John K. Allan (Hugh Dickson) is of pink, shading to rose; a strong-
stemmed variety and one of the attractions of the Regent Park show.

Lady Maureen Stewart (Alex. Dickson & Sons) is of strong enough growth
and should certainly command attention on account of its rich orange-scarlet
color.

Hawlmark Scarlet has color, as the name indicates; this variety, as shown at
Leeds, certainly out-distanced all in its class on account of its startling color.

Souv. de Claudius Pernet is certainly M. Pernet's masterpiece. It is a strong
grower and has been described as brilliant sunflower-yellow, which is not far
wrong. Surely this is the finest of the entire Pernetiana type.

156 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Eastwood (W. Easlea), of velvety crimson, should prove an ideal and effective
bedder as it is dwarf in growth, very free in bloom, with flowers of unusually
beautiful form.

I noted other fine seedling reds at Eastwood, and doubt not that several
of them will make their way to the front.

The novelties I have here mentioned were quite outstand-
ing among the many hundreds viewed at the shows and at the
nurseries. Owing to the excessive rains at blooming-time, it was
impossible to pass upon their merits intelligently. The rose-
-growers of the United Kingdom have great numbers of fine
seedling roses to select from, and the near future will undoubtedly
find many old varieties superseded by new and improved garden
joses.

The kindness shown to myself and to my good friend Mr.
Charles H. Totty will ever remain a bright spot in our lives.
We were not vain enough to appropriate this kindly greeting and
warm-hearted welcome to ourselves alone, for we know that it
was intended as a testimonial of their good will for the American
brethren of their own profession. What shall we say for the
noble-hearted Secretary of the National Rose Society, the Hon.
Mr. Courtney Page, who was unfailingly thoughtful and kind
on every occasion, and who so signally honors the office he so
ably fills? The National Society is more than fortunate in its
Secretary.

The rose was given to Man for this:

He, sudden seeing it iji later years,
Should swift remember Love's first lingering kiss,

Ayid Griefs last lingering tears.

Or, being blind, should feel its yearning soul
Knit all its piercing perfume round his own.

Till be should see on Memory's ample scroll
All roses he had known.

— Isabella Valancy Crawford (Canada)

Plate XVI. E. Gurney Hill, originator of Columbia and many other good roses

(See page 154)

The New Roses of All the World

AN EDITORIAL SURVEY

CONTINUING the world inquiry instituted last year, there is here
presented what is believed to be a reasonably complete list of the
new roses introduced to commerce or described by their origina-
tors since the 1920 Annual went to press. Persistent and. patient let-
ter-writing has been required to obtain the really valuable information
here subjoined.

Originators everywhere have been provided with the Official Record
Card of the Society as a basis for the accurate descriptions we have
desired to obtain. The presence of an asterisk (*) before a variety
name indicates a description written from this card record.

The Index following is inclusive for 1920 roses, but omits any men-
tioned in the last Annual. To avoid duplication, descriptions are printed
once only, cross-reference giving access always to the main description.

INDEX OF NEW

Adam Messeiich, 163.

Adolph Karzer, 163.

Adolph Kosohel, 163.

Adonis, 152.

Andr6 Louis, 160.

Angplus, 132, 135, 138, 141,
142, 172.

Apotheker Franz Hahne, 163.

Archie Gray, 158.

Ariel, 153.

Beacon Belle, 172.

Betty Alden, 172.

Betty Uprichard, 153, 155.

Boston Beauty, 172.

Bronze Bedder, 158.

Callisto, 158.

Capt. Kilbee-Stuart, 153.

Charm, 158.

Clare de Escofet, 158.

Constance Casson, 152.

Coral Cluster, 153.

Cornells Timmermans, 164.

Courtney Page, 152, 155.

Dinah, 158.

Earl Haig, 153.

Edward Behrens, 163.

Eleanor Henning, 158.

Elizabeth CuUen, 158.

Elisabeth Didden, 165.

E. P. H. Kingma, 165.

Esm6, 158.

Ethel James, 151.

Ethel Somerset, 158.

Etoile de Hollande, 148.

Eugenia, 172.

Evaline, 148.

Fernand Tanne, 160.

Fliegerheld Boelcke, 163.

Florinda Norman Thomp-
son, 158.

Frau Ida Mixnch, 163.

Frau Oberprasident von
Grothe, 163, 164.

Freedom, 132.

Georges Clemenoeau, 1

ROSES MENTIONED IN
Glory of Hurst, 158.
Golden Butterfly, 158, 159.
Gruss an Weimar, 164.
Havering Rambler. 159.
Hawlmark Crimson, 159.
Herfsttooi, 165.
Hill's -America, 132, 135, 172.
Hortulanus Budde, 165.
Huguette Vincent, 148.
Ideal, 165.

Imperial Potentate, 162.
IrSne Bonnet, 160.
Jersey Queen, 159.
J. G. Glassford, 152.
Jonkheer Ruys de Beeren-

brock, 165.
Joseph Baud, 160.
Juan Pich, 165.
Juan Quevedo, 165.
Julia Bartet, 160.
Justizrat Dr. Hessert, 164.
Kanarie, 165.
Roster's Orleans, 153.
La Champagne, 160.
Lady Inchiquin, 151.
Lady Maureen Stewart, 153,

155.
Lady Mond, 1.59.
La Jaconde, 160.
La Ros6e, 160.
Legion, 137, 141, 172.
Le Loiret, 161.
Le Rigide, 161.
Limburgia, 165.
Lodewijk Opdebeek, 165.
Louise Griner, 161.
Mabel Morse, 153.
Maid Marian, 159.
Manifesto, 159.
Margaret Horton, 159.
Marjorie Bulkeley, 151, 155.
Merveille des Jaunes, 161.
Mevrouw C. Van Marwyk

Kooy, 165.
Mimi Pinson, 161.

(157)

THE 1921 ANNUAL
Miss Amelia Gude, 132, 141,
Miss Connor, 159. [172-

Miss C. W. Van Rossem, 165.
Miss Edith Cavell, 165.
Miss M. J. Spencer, 159.
Mile. Claire Andruejol, 161.
Mme. Alfred Ponnier, 148.
Mme. Gina Demoustier, 161.
Mme. Paul Parmentier, 161.
Mme. P. Doithier, 161.
Mme. Pizay, 161.
Mme. Raymond Poin-

care 161.
Mme. Victor Rault, 161.
Mosel, 164.
Mrs. A. J. Wylie, 153.
Mrs. C. W. Thompson, 162.
Mrs. Fred Cook, 159.
Mrs. Fred Poulsom, 159.
Mrs. Hornby Lewis, 159.
Mrs. John Inglis, 153.
Mrs. John K. Allan, 151. 155.
Mrs. Prentiss Nichols, 132.
Mrs. Tom Paul, 159.
Mrs. W. A. Lindsay, 160.
Nederland, 165.
Olive Whittaker, 160.
Oregon Ophelia, 172.
Paul Lafont, 161.
Peggy Astbury, 160.
Perfecta, 165.
Pink Bedder, 160.
PoSte Jean du Clos, 161.
President Parmentier, 147.
President Poinoare, 161, 162.
Preussen, 164.
Princess Victoria, 151, 155.
Priscilla. 132.
Rankende Louise Catherine

Breslau, 164.
Red Columbia, 141, 172.
Reinhard Badeker, 125, 164.
Relief, 165.

Rev. F. Page-Roberts, 151.
Robert Betten, 164.

158 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

INDEX OF NEW ROSES MENTIONED IN THE 1921 ANNUAL, continued

Rotarian, 132, 142. 172. Souv. de Mme. Krenger, 162. Victor Teschendorff, 164.

Schone von Holstein, 164. Souv. de Mme. Morin- Violoncelliste Albert Four^s,

Souv. de Charles Laemmel, Latune, 162. 162.

162. Stadradt Meyn, 164. W. Freeland Kendrick, 163.

Souv. de Mme. Augustine Sunstar, 160. White Ophelia, 135, 141, 163.

Gillot, 162. The General, 160. William Thomson, 165.

Souv. de Gilbert Nabonnand, Una Wallace, 152, 155. Yves Druhem, 162.

162. Vanity, 153. Yvonne, 152.

GREAT BRITAIN

Adonis. See page 152.

Archie Gray, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1920.) Flower large, finely formed, very
full, double, high center, edges of petals nicely reflexed; deep crimson, heavily
flamed with brilliant velvety scarlet. Foliage abundant, dark green. Vigorous;
free-branching.

* Ariel. See page 153.

Betty Uprichard. See pages 153, 155.

Bronze Bedder, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1920.) Bud bronzy yellow, tinted with
crimson; flower large, single, bronzy yellow. Free bloomer.

*Callisto, H.Musk. (Pemberton, 1920.) Type, Moonlight and Danae.
Flower of rosette form, golden yellow, very lasting, borne in clusters along the
stem. Foliage abundant, leathery, dark green. Vigorous; bushy; blooms abun-
dantly and continuously all season; fine in autumn. Hardy.
*Capt. Kilbee-Stuart. See page 153.

Charm, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1920.) Bud reddish orange, shaded with pink
and copper; flowers borne in clusters, coppery yellow. Vigorous; upright;
very free bloomer.

Clare de Escofet, H.T. (Easlea, 1920.) Flower very large, full, double, high
center, delicate flesh- white. Vigorous; upright.

Constance Casson. See page 152.

Coral Cluster. See page 153.

Courtney Page. See pages 152, 155.

Dinah, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1920.) Flower rich, deep crimson, with darker
shading. Free-flowering.
*Earl Haig. See page 153.

Elizabeth Cullen, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1921.) Bud long-pointed;
flower medium size, dark crimson; fragrant. Foliage dark green. Vigorous;
bushy; free bloomer. Gold Medal N. R. S.

Eleanor Henning, H.T. (Easlea, 1920.) Flower large-petaled, lovely salmon-
pink. Vigorous; free and continuous bloomer.

Esme, H.T. (B. R. Cant & Sons, 1920.) Flower large, creamy white, flushed
rosy carmine edges, center soft primrose. Abundant bloomer.

Ethel James. See page 151.

Ethel Somerset, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1921.) Flower very large,
full, high center, shrimp-pink; very fragrant. Vigorous; bushy. Superior to
Mrs. George Shawyer.

*Florinda Norman Thompson, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1920.) Flower
large, full, deep globular, very lasting; delicate rose on pale lemon, deeper at
base of petals, reflex of petal edged 34inch with pure shell-pink or flesh on
creamy lemon; borne on stiff stems; Persian Tea perfume. Foliage leathery,
glossy. Vigorous; profuse bloomer.

*Glory of Hurst, D.Poly. (Hicks, 1921.) Orleans X Jessie. Type, Orleans.
Bud ovoid; flower medium size, semi-double, full, open, cherry-red, very last-

*A11 varieties starred are described from data supplied by originators on American Rose
Society's Official Rose Cards (see page 112, 1920 Rose Annual).

THE NEW ROSES OF ALL THE WORLD 159

ing, borne in clusters on long, strong stem. Foliage abundant, small, leathery,
glossy, rich green, disease-resistant. Blooms profusely and continuously. Hardy.
*Golden Butterfly, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1920.) Seedling of Old Gold. Bud
long-pointed; flower medium size, double, very lasting, borne singly or several
together on long stem; apricot-yellow with carmine shading; fragrant. Foliage
abundant, medium size, leathery, glossy, dark green, disease-resistant. Moder-
ate, bushy grower; blooms profusely and continuously all season. Hardy.
*Havering Rambler, Mult. (Pemberton, 1920.) Type, Crimson Rambler.
Flower small, double, rosette form, almond-blossom pink, very lasting, borne in
large clusters on long stem. Very vigorous; blooms profusely. Hardy.

*Hawlmark Crimson, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1920.) Bud long-pointed,
maroon veined crimson; flower semi-double, crimson-scarlet; Tea perfume. Vig-
orous; profuse bloomer.

*Jersey Queen, H.T. (Le Cornu; intro. by Jersey Nurseries, Ltd., 1920.)
Mme. Melanie Soupert X Queen Mary. Bud long-pointed; flower medium
size, very double, cupped; flame-orange, edges of center petals flushed delicate
carmine-rose, base and reverse of petals clear lemon-chrome. Foliage abundant,
rich green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; bushy; blooms profusely. Hardy.

J. G. Glassford. See page 152.

Roster's Orleans. See page 153.

Lady Inchiquin. See page 151.
*Lady Maureen Stewart. See pages 153, 155.

Lady Mond, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1920.) Bud long-pointed; flower very
large, symmetrical, deep cream-color, outer petals shaded with rose. Vigorous.

Mabel Morse. See page 15"}.
*Maid Marian, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1920.) Type, La France. Bud long-
pointed; flower large, carmine-rose, reverse of petals silvery pink. Foliage
abundant, large, leathery, light green. Vigorous; blooms all season. Hardy.

Manifesto, H.T. (S. McGredy & Son, 1920.) Bud long-pointed; flower large,
exquisitely formed, soft pearly flesh-pink, tinged salmon and apricot.

*Margaret Horton,ll.T. (Hicks, 1921.) Type, Sunburst. Bud long-pointed;
flower large, full, double, open, high center, apricot-yellow, lasting, borne
singly on long stem; fragrant. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, glossy, light
green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; dwarf; blooms profusely and continuously.

Marjorie Bulkeley. See pages 151, 155.
*Miss Connor, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1920.) Flower full, cupped, deli-
cate canary-yellow on unfading lemon-yellow; Persian Tea fragrance. Foliage
glossy leathery. Vigorous; upright; profuse bloomer.

Miss M. J. Spencer, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1920.) Flower large, full, double;
clear bright golden yellow of even shade throughout; very fragrant. Foliage
bright green. Vigorous; free-branching; blooms abundantly and continuously.

Mrs. A. J. Wylie. See page 153.

Mrs. Fred Cook, Per. (Easlea, 1920.) Flower well-formed, light terra-cotta,
edged silvery white.

*Mrs. Fred Poidsom, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1920.) _ Seedling of Edith Part.
Type, La France. Bud long-pointed; flower large, vivid pink, borne singly or
several together on long stem. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, rich green.
Vigorous; upright (2 to 3 feet); blooms abundantly all season. Hardy.

*Mrs. Hornby Lewis, H.T. (Hicks, 1921.) Gorgeous X Mme. Melanie Sou-
pert. Type, Gorgeous. Bud long-pointed; flower large, very double, full, high
center, orange-yellow, lasting, borne singly on long stem; fragrant. Foliage
abundant, large, leathery, glossy, dark bronzy green, disease-resistant. Vig-
orous; dwarf; blooms profusely all season.

Mrs. John Inglis. See page 153.

160 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mrs. John K. Allan. See pages 151, 155.

Mrs. Tom Paul, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1920.) Bud long-pointed; flower
large, full, double, saffron-yellow suffused with pink, borne on long stem.
Vigorous; upright; blooms abundantly and continuously all season.

Mrs. W. A. Lindsay, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1920.) Bud long-pointed;
flower medium to large, exquisitely formed, delicate peach-pink, heavily zoned
golden yellow and fawn; very fragrant. Vigorous; upright; bushy; profuse and
continuous bloomer.

Olive Whittaker, H.T. (Easlea, 1920.) Flower rich coppery rose to cerise
and salmon.

Peggy Astbury, Per. (Easlea, 1920.) Both bud and flower beautifully formed,
soft amber to light yellow.

Pink Bedder, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1920.) Flowers in large clusters, rose-
pink, with yellow center slightly tinted with mauve as they mature.

Princess Victoria. See pages 151, 155.

Rev. F. Page-Roberts. See page 151.

Svnstar, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1921.) Bud long-pointed; flower
medium size, orange, edged and veined vermilion; honey fragrance. Vigorous;
bushy; very free bloomer. Gold Medal N. R. S.

*The General, H.T. (Pemberton, 1920.) Type, Lady Alice Stanley. Bud
globular; flower large, double, high center, globular, blood-red, flushed orange,
very lasting; strong Damask perfume. Foliage medium size, dark bronzy green.
Vigorous; upright; blooms all season, good in late autumn. Hardy.

Una Wallace. See pages 152, 155.
*Vanity. See page 153.

Yvonne. See page 152.

FRANCE

Andre Louis, H.W. (Tanne; intro. by Turbat & Co., 1920.) Flower large,
full, well-formed, flesh-pink, borne in clusters of 4 to 5. Vigorous.

Etoile de Hollande. See page 148.

Evaline. See page 148.

Fernand Tanne, H.W. (Tanne; intro. by Turbat & Co., 1920.) Flower large,
full, double; deep yellow passing to cream-yellow; Tea fragrance. Vigorous.

Georges Clemenceau, Per. (Leveque & Son, 1919.) Flower large, well-formed,
very full; bright orange, shaded with umber and carmine. Very vigorous;
profuse bloomer.

Huguette Vincent. See page 148.

Irene Bonnet, H.T. (Nabonnand, 1920.) Flower full, reflexed; salmony Her-
mosa-pink; reverse of petals Eglantine-pink; fragrant. Very vigorous; bushy.

Joseph Baud, Per. (Gillot, 1919.) Rayon d'Or X unnamed seedling. Bud
large, long-pointed, orange-yellow, streaked carmine-red; flower very large,
full, double, lasting, golden yellow and orange-yellow, borne singly on long,
strong stem; very fragrant. Foliage light green. Vigorous; abundant bloomer.

Julia Bartet, H.T. (Schwartz, 1920.) Lyon Rose X Georges Schwartz.
Bud large, yellow or tinted with copper shades; flower large, full, nicely shaped;
canary-yellow, tinted nankeen, passing to Marechal Niel tint. The petals,
quilled when opening, are tinted with carmine. Vigorous.

La Champagne, H.T. (Barbier & Co., 1919.) Flower peach-pink, center
bright chamois and apricot. Very vigorous; extremely free bloomer.

*La Joconde, H.T. (Croibier, 1920.) Sport of Arthur R. Goodwin. Bud
medium size, globular; flower large, double, open, lasting, pure golden yellow,
borne several together on strong stem; fragrance slight. Foliage abundant,
dark green. Vigorous; bushy; abundant bloomer.

THE NEW ROSES OF ALL THE WORLD 161

La Rosee, D.Poly. (Turbat & Co., 1920.) Bud medium size, sulphur-yellow;
flower medium size, sulphur-white, passing to pure white, then to tender pink,
borne in clusters of 25 to 30 on very long stem. Foliage abundant, glossy, light
green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; upright.

Le Loiret, D.Poly. (Turbat & Co., 1920.) Flowers very brilliant pink, pass-
ing to tender salmon-rose, borne in clusters of 10 to 15 on very long stems.
Foliage disease-resistant. Vigorous; bushy.

Le Rigide, Mult. (Turbat & Co., 1920.) Flower semi-double, pink, borne in
clusters of 25 to 30 on long stem. Foliage light green. Vigorous grower.

Louise Griner, H.T. (Chambard, 1919.) Flower very large, double, snow-
white, center tinted cream.

Merveille des Jaunes, D.Poly. (Turbat & Co., 1920.) Bud dark coppery
yellow; flower very double, bright coppery golden yellow, borne in clusters of
8 to 10. Foliage bronzy green. Dwarf.

Mimi Pinson, Mult. (Barbier & Co., 1919.) Flower clear crimson, passing
to purplish rose and then to Paul Neyron pink.

Mile. Claire Andruejol, H.T. (A. Schwartz, 1920.) Comte G. de Rochemur
X Mme. Maurice de Luze. Flower large, full, double, of elegant shape; pale
pink, tinted with carmine. Very vigorous; profuse bloomer.

Mme. Alfred Ponnier. See page 148.
*Mme. Gina Demoustier, H.T. (Laperriere, 1920.) Etoile de France X un-
named variety. Type, Etoile de France, more erect. Bud large, long-pointed;
flower large, double, open, very lasting, pure garnet-red, borne singly on long
stem; very fragrant. Foliage sparse, medium size soft, dark green, disease-
resistant. Very vigorous; upright; abundant and continuous bloomer. Hardy.

Mme. Paul Parmentier, H.T. (Gillot, 1919.) Le Progres X Lyon Rose.
Bud large, clear yellow; flower large, full, double, borne on long, strong stem;
salmon-yellow with shading of flesh, copper, and daybreak-pink; very fragrant.
Vigorous; bushy; upright; profuse bloomer.

Mme. P. Doithier, H.T. (Chambard, 1920.) Bud very large, long-pointed;
flower very large, glossy pink, shaded with shrimp-pink, borne on long, strong
stem. Foliage dark green. Very vigorous; bushy.

Mme. Pizay, H.T. (Chambard, 1920.) Unnamed variety X Mme. Melanie
Soupert. Bud very large, long-pointed, salmon-flesh; flower very large, open,
cupped, salmon-aurora in color. Foliage dark green. Very vigorous; bushy;
abundant bloomer.

Mme. Raymond Poincare, H.T. (Gravereaux; intro. by Kieffer & Co., 1919.)
Flower bright nasturtium-yellow at center, salmon at edges. Vigorous; free
bloomer.

*Mme. Victor Rault, H.T. (Croibier, 1920.) Mme. Melanie Soupert X
Lyon Rose. Bud long-pointed; flower very large, double, cupped, lasting,
white, tinted salmon, with yellow center, borne singly on long, strong stem.
Foliage dark green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; upright; produces an abun-
dance of blooms at intervals all season.

*Paul Lafont, H.T. (Guillot, 1920.) Mme. Maurice Capron X unnamed seed-
ling. Type, Le Progres. Bud medium size, globular; flower large, double,
globular, very lasting, golden yellow, passing to white, with a tint of yellow,
borne singly on long stem; slight fragrance. Foliage abundant, large, leathery
bronzy green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; dwarf; blooms profusely and con-
tinuously. Hardy.

Poete Jean du Clos, H.T. (Gillot, 1919.) Le Progres X Lyon Rose. Bud
large, pinkish white; flower large, full, double, high center, borne on long, strong
stem; daybreak-pink, shaded salmon; very fragrant. Vigorous; upright;
bushy; abundant bloomer.

162 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

President Parmentier. See page 147.

President Poincare, H.T. (Grandes Roseraies du Val de la Loire, 1920.)
Beauts Inconstante X Mme. Caroline Testout X Mevrouw Dora van Tets.
Flower perfectly formed, full, double, high center, globular; reddish magenta,
center Tyrian purple, shaded yellow; reverse of petals bright rose, shaded cit-
ron-yellow at base, bordered purplish mauve; fragrant. Vigorous.

Souv. de Charles Laemmel, Per. (Gillot, 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X
Soleil d'Or. Bud very large, ovoid, clear yellow; flower very large, full, double,
borne on long, strong stem; golden yellow, streaked orange and shaded pink;
very fragrant. Foliage round, rich green. Very vigorous; upright; free and
continuous bloomer.

Souv. de Gilbert Nabonnand, T. (Nabonnand, 1920.) Flower full, double,
cupped; in summer, cadmium-yellow base, carmine-pink edge; in autumn, very
deep begonia-pink and Japanese yellow, base apricot; very fragrant. Very
vigorous; profuse and continuous bloomer.

Souv. de Mme. Augustine Gillot, Per. (Gillot, 1920.) Frau Karl Druschki
X Lyon Rose. Bud large, long-pointed; flower large, full, double, borne singly;
salmony flesh-pink, base of petals yellowish salmon, reverse of petals silvery
flesh-pink; fragrant. Foliage dark green. Very vigorous; upright; free bloomer.

Souv. de Mme. Krenger, H.T. (Chambard, 1919.) Bud large, coppery orange;
flower large, full, pure salmon-orange, passing to coppery pink. Very vigorous.

Souv. de Mme. Morin-Latune, H.T. (Bernaix, 1920.) Bud large, long-
pointed, saffron-yellow; flower large, full, double, cream-rose, borne on long,
strong stem. Vigorous, upright; profuse bloomer.

*Violoncelliste Albert Foures, H.T. (Croibier, 1920.) Joseph Hill X unnamed
variety. Bud medium size, ovoid; flower large, full, double, lasting, orange-
yellow, tinted and shaded buff-yellow, borne on medium-length stems. Foli-
age abundant, rich green, leathery. Vigorous; upright; blooms abundantly
at intervals all season.

Yves Druhem. See page 147.

UNITED STATES

*Angelus. See page 172.

Beacon Belle. See page 172.

Betty Alden. See page 172.

Boston Beauty. See page 172.

Eugenia. See page 172.

Freedom. See page 132.

Hill's America. See page 172.
*Imperial Potentate, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1921.) Ophelia X Hoosier Beauty.
Type, Ophelia. Bud large, ovoid; flower large, double, open, high center, last-
ing, borne singly on long, strong stem; fragrant. Color dark rose-pink, slightly
lighter on reverse of petals. Foliage sufficient, medium size, leathery, dark green.
Vigorous upright grower; blooms abundantly and continuously all season.
* Legion. See page 172.

Miss Amelia Gude. See page 172.

Mrs. C. W. Thompson, Mult. (U. S. Dept. of Agric; intro. by Storrs &
Harrison, 1920.) Flowers small, full, quilled, very freely produced in dense
clusters. Color deep pink. Foliage sufficient, glossy green, like the Wichur-
aiana type. Vigorous; blooms profusely over an unusually long season.

Mrs. Prentiss Nichols. See page 132.
*Oregon Ophelia. See page 172.

Priscilla. See page 132.

THE NEW ROSES OF ALL THE WORLD 163

Rotarian. See page 172.
Red Columbia. See page 172.

*White Ophelia, H.T. (Cleveland Cut Flower Co.; intro. by E. G. Hill Co.
and Cleveland Cut Flower Co.) Sport of Ophelia. Resembles Ophelia but
stronger. Bud large, ovoid; flower large, well formed, semi-double, very lasting,
borne singly on strong, average-length stem; strong, sweet fragrance. Color
white, with slight pink tinge in center which disappears when bloom opens.
Foliage sufficient; leathery, medium size, rich green. Vigorous, upright grower
(3 to 4 feet) ; an abundant and continuous bloomer.

*W. Freeland Kendrick, Semi-Cl.H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas; intro. by
Andorra Nurseries, 1921.) Aviateur Bleriot X Mme. Caroline Testout. Type,
Mme. Caroline Testout, but lighter in color. Bud medium size, globular; flower
medium size, double, globular, lasting, borne singly and several together on
medium length stem; fragrant. Color white, with peach-blush center. Foliage
abundant, mediiun size, leathery, glossy, dark green, disease-resistant. Vigor-
ous upright grower; profuse bloomer (189 blooms) from May to October. Prac-
tically hardy; tips freeze. Awarded First Prize for best rose produced by an
amateur, and Silver Medal for best rose for outdoor culture at Portland Rose-
Test Garden, 1920.

GERMANY

*Adam Messerich, H.Bour. (Lambert, 1920.) Frau Oberhofgartner Singer
X (seedling from Louise Odier X Louis Philippe.) Type, Louise Odier or Mme.
Pierre Oger. Bud ovoid, rose-red; flower medium size, semi-double, clear rose-
red (like Mrs. Charles Russell) ; open cupped, borne singly or several together
on long, strong stem; lasting. Very vigorous; trailing; bushy; blooms abundantly
and continuously from May to October. Hardy.

*Adolph Kdrzer, Per. (Kordes, 1918.) Cissie Easlea X Sunburst. Type,
Cissie Easlea in plant; Sunburst in flower. Bud long-pointed; flower very large,
double, open, high center, clear golden yellow, fading lighter in the full sun;
lasting, borne singly on long stem; slightly fragrant. Foliage abundant, large,
glossy, rich green. Very vigorous; bushy; profuse and continuous bloomer.

*Adolph Koschel, Per. (Kordes, 1918.) Harry Kirk X Louise Catherine
Breslau. Type, Harry Kirk as a plant. Bud long-pointed, orange-yellow; flower
large, very double, open, high center, orange-yellow, very lasting, borne singly
on long, strong stem; strong Tea fragrance. Foliage sufficient, medium size,
leathery, bronzy green, sometimes black-spots. Vigorous; bushy; blooms abun-
dantly and continuously all season. Practically hardy, but tips freeze.

Apotheker Franz Hahne, A.B. (Dr. Fr. Muller, 1920.) Flowers large,
full, salmon-rose on orange-yellow ground. Very free bloomer.

* Edward Behrens,'a.T. (Kordes, 1921.) Richmond X Admiral Ward. Type,
Admiral Ward in plant; Gorgeous in flower. Bud globular, dark red; flower
very large, full, double, open, high center, very lasting; velvety crimson, nearly
as dark as Chateau de Clos Vougeot — never blues; borne singly on long stem;
fragrant. Foliage abundant, large, glossy, dark green. Vigorous; upright;
bushy; blooms profusely all season. Practically hardy; tips freeze.

Fliegerheld Boelcke, H.T. (Schmidt, 1920.) Mme. Caroline Testout X
Sunburst. Bud long-pointed; flower small, well-formed, nankeen-yellow with
shading of reddish yellow, borne on long, strong stem. Foliage leathery, dark
green. Vigorous; upright.

Frau Ida Munch, H.T. (Beschnidt; intro. by Munch & Haufe, 1919.) Buds
long-pointed; flower perfectly formed, with high center, very lasting, light golden
yellow, deeper in center, borne on long stems. Vigorous; bushy.

*Frau Oberjrrdsident von Grothe, H.T. (Lobner; intro. by Lambert, 1920.)

164 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Richmond X Farbenkonigin. Type, La France. Bud ovoid; flower large, semi-
double, open, cupped, lasting, rose-orange, with carmine streaks, borne on
average length stem; fragrant. Foliage suflScient, medium size, glossy, rich
green. Moderately vigorous; upright; bushy; blooms abundantly for three weeks
and intermittently the remainder of the season. Practically hardy; tips freeze.
Gruss an Weimar, H.P. (Kiese, 1919.) Type, Frau Karl Druschki. Bud
yellowish pink; flower very large, pink on yellowish ground.

*Justizrat Dr. Hessert, H.T. (Lambert, 1919.) General MacArthur X Tip-
Top. Bud long-pointed, carmine-red; flower medium size, high center, lasting;
salmon and blush-pink, with red shadings, outer petals yellowish rose; borne in
trusses on long, strong stem; fragrant. Foliage abundant, medium size, leathery,
rich bronzy green. Vigorous; upright; bushy; blooms profusely all season.

*Mosel, Mult. (Lambert, 1920.) Mme. Norbert Levavasseur X Trier. Bud
red; flower medium size, full, double, very lasting, violet, with reddish violet
center ; borne on strong stem ; slightly fragrant. Foliage abundant, large, leathery,
dark bronzy green, disease-resistant. Very vigorous; climbing habit; blooms
profusely in June and July; sometimes again in September. Hardy.

*Preussen, H.T. (Lobner; intro. by Kordes, 1920.) Farbenkonigin X Rich-
mond. Type, Pharisaer in plant; La France in flower. Bud long-pointed, gar-
net-red; flower very large, full, double, open, high center, very lasting, glowing
dark blood-red, borne singly or several together on long, strong stem; strong
fragrance. Foliage sufiicient, large, leathery, wrinkled, rich green. Vigorous;
upright; 2)^ feet; blooms profusely all season. Practically hardy; tips freeze.

*Rankende Louise Catherine Breslau, CI. Per. (Kordes, 1917.) Sport of Louise
Catherine Breslau. Bud ovoid; flower very large, full, very double, open, very
lasting; orange, yellow, and scarlet, reverse of petals red; borne several together
on long, strong stem; slightly fragrant. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, glossy,
bronzy green, practically black-spot resistant. Very vigorous; blooms profusely
at intervals from June to October. Practically hardy; tips freeze.

*Reinhard Bddecker, Per. (Kordes, 1918.) Frau Karl Druschki X Rayon
d'Or. Type, Frau Karl Druschki in plant; Rayon d'Or in flower. Bud globular,
golden yellow, with scarlet stripes; flower very large, extremely double, full,
open, very lasting; clear golden yellow, unfading; borne singly on strong stem
of average length; slightly fragrant. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, glossy
dark green. Very vigorous; upright; blooms profusely at intervals from June
to October. Practically hardy; tips freeze.

Robert Betten, H.T. (Schmidt, 1920.) Frau Karl Druschki X Corallina.

Flower large, full, globular, clear shining dark carmine-red, which does not

blue. Foliage light green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; upright; free bloomer.

Schone von Holstein, Poly. (Tantau, 1919.) Flower full, pure Hermosa-

pink, better than Mrs. W. H. Cutbush. A free bloomer.

Stadradt Meyn, Poly. (Tantau, 1919.) Large, full flowers in very large clus-
ters; luminous brick-red. Vigorous.

Victor Teschendorf, H.T. (Ebeling; intro. by Teschendorff, 1920.) Frau
Karl Druschki X Mrs. Aaron Ward. Flower very large, full, high center,
almost pure white on pale greenish yellow ground, borne on long, strong stem.
Foliage glossy, dark green, disease-resistant. Vigorous.

HOLLAND

Cornelis Timmermans, H.T. (Timmermans, 1919.) Type, foliage like Le
Progres; blooms like Pharisaer, but more double. Flower very large, full, double,
very lasting; clear pink, with deep yellow edge; fragrant. Vigorous; free
bloomer.

Plate XVII. John Cook, originator of Radiance, Panama, Mrs. John Cook,
and other good roses

(See Rose Notes, page 160)

THE NEW ROSES OF ALL THE WORLD 165

Elisabeth Bidden, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1918.) Flower large, full; glowing
carmine-red and scarlet; fragrant. Vigorous; free bloomer.

E. P. H. Kingma, Hy. A.B. (Verschuren, 1919.) Tj^pe, Mme. Edouard
Herriot, but more double. Flower full, double, apricot-color and orange-yellow.

Herfsttooi, H.T. (Van Rossem, 1919.) Flower brilliant purplish red. Vig-
orous, bushy grower; free bloomer.

Hortulanus Budde, H.T. (Verschuren, 1919.) Flower large, full, double,
luminous fiery carmine-red, showing yellow center when expanded; very last-
ing. Profuse bloomer.

*Ideal, D.Poly. (Jan Spek, 1920.) Sport of Miss Edith Cavell. Type, Orleans.
Bud globular; flower medium size, double, full, open, globular, dark velvety
crimson in the open (scarlet under glass); very lasting; borne in clusters on
average stem; slight fragrance. Growth moderate; bushy; blooms abundantly
all season. Hardy. First Class Certificate at Boskoop.

Jonkheer Ruys de Beerenbrock, H.T. (Timmermans, 1919.) Flower large,
well-formed, full, double ; light yellow over bright yellow. Vigorous ; free bloomer.

Juan Pick, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flower very large, full, double,
fragrant, claret-color shaded aniline-red. Vigorous; bushy; free bloomer.

Juan Quevedo, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flower medium size, very full,
double, fragrant, cream-yellow. Vigorous; bushy; free bloomer.

Kanarie, H.T. (Verschuren, 1919.) Flower medium size, well-formed,
very full, double, clear dark yellow. Vigorous.

Limburgia, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flower large, full, double, glow-
ing deep carmine, reverse of petals lilac-white, fragrant. Vigorous; bushy;
continuous bloomer.

Lodeunjk Opdebeek, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flower large, full, double;
ox-blood-red, reverse of petals Tyrian rose — a new and rare color. Borne on
short, strong stem; fragrant. Vigorous; bushy; blooms continually all season.

Mevrouw C. Van Maruyyk Kooy, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flower very
large, perfectly formed, full, double, white, center Indian yellow, sometimes
coppery orange; borne on long, strong stem; fragrant. Very vigorous; bushy;
continuous and profuse bloomer.

Miss C. W. Van Rossem, H. T. (Verschuren, 1919.) Flower well-formed,
velvety red; fragrant. Vigorous; bushy.

*Miss Edith Cavell, D.Poly. (Meiderwyk; intro. by Jan Spek, 1917.) Sport
of Orleans. Bud globular; flower medium size, full, double, globular, scarlet-
crimson in the open (light red under glass), very lasting, borne in clusters on
average-length stem. Foliage disease-resistant. Vigorous; blooms profusely the
whole season. First Class Certificate at Boskoop and Rotterdam. (This rose
has been renamed "Miss Edith Cavell" to distingish it from the Hybrid Tea
rose, "Edith Cavell," introduced by Chaplin Bros, in 1918.)

Nederland, H.T. (Verschuren, 1919.) Flower large, full, double, beautiful
red color. Vigorous.

*Perfecta, D.Poly. (Jan Spek, 1920.) Ellen Poulsen X Merveille des Rouges.
Type, Erna Teschendorf!, but more vigorous. Bud globular; flower large, full,
double, open, globular, scarlet-crimson under glass (dark crimson in the open),
very lasting, borne in clusters on long, strong stem; slightly fragrant. Foliage
abundant, medium size, glossy, dark green. Vigorous; bushy; blooms very
freely all season. Hardy.

Relief, H.T. (Verschuren, 1919.) Kaiserin Auguste Victoria X Sunburst.
Flower very large, ivory-white, center yellowish pink.

William Thomson, Poly. (Leenders & Co., 1921.) Flowers salmon-carmine
and bright rose. Vigorous; compact; continuous bloomer.

Rose Notes

By THE EDITOR AND OTHERS

THE EDITOR here expresses his deep regret that postage limitations
{the Annual mvst mail inside ene pound) have crowded out many "Rose Notes"
already in type, as well as much other information. Some of these items will
appear in the Members' Handbook.

The Portrait of John Cook.— Facing page 165 will be noted Plate XVII,
a portrait of a veteran successful raiser of roses in America, Mr. John Cook, of
Baltimore. More than three-score years of rose interest have passed over the
head of this man, who, if he had done no more than provide America with one
of his creations, the good rose Radiance, would deserve well of the nation.

One of the rose sensations of 1920 was Mrs. John Cook, another of the origina-
tions of the great Baltimore worker, who has twice earned the Silver Medal of
the American Rose Society — once for Panama, in 1913, and again for Radiance,
in 1914. Since 1888, when Mr. Cook sent out Souvenir of Wootton, the first
Hybrid Tea produced in the United States, his productions have been notable.

The printing of this portrait of one of America's "grand old men" of the
rose was arranged without his knowledge, and at the suggestion of President
Pyle. With Mr. Hill's portrait, facing page 156 as Plate XVI, there are thus
put into permanent record portraits of two great rosarians.

Good Words from France. — The October-December issue of Les Amis des
Roses, the journal of the Societe Frangaise des Rosieristes, devotes three entire
pages to a very complimentary review of the 1920 Rose Annual, written by Mons.
E. Turbat, and stating, among other things, "This work is edited with excep-
tional care and wath real artistic talent by Mr. J. Horace McFarland, and is
called by him the book of the progress of the Rose for 1920." "A Greeting,"
by Mr. Edwin T. Meredith, Secretary of Agriculture, is reprinted verbatim,
as is also the American Rose Society's Rose Card. French hybridizers are urged
to read the excellent articles by Dr. W. Van Fleet and Mr. A. W. Greeley, and
the articles by Mr. A. P. Greeley and Mr. Jesse A. Currey are very favorably com-
mented upon. In closing, Mons. Turbat again compliments the Editor of the
Rose Annual in these words: "Again I felicitate Mr. J. Horace McFarland for
his beautiful piece of work." On another page of this same journal the Editor
finds his name listed as an Honorary Member of the Society FranQaise des
Rosieristes, an honor which he greatly appreciates. "Hands across the sea"
does not seem to be such a far-fetched term as it once was.

Why not Roses in School Gardens? — Prof. H. C. Irish is the supervisor
of the school-gardens of St. Louis. He is studying rose varieties so as to propose
to the boys and girls of St. Louis those best adapted for school-garden work.
It would seem as if similar study and similar attempt could to great advantage
be undertaken in every community in the land where there are school-gardens —
and it is an incomplete school system which does not teach the boys about beans
and peas, about roses and petunias, as well as about arithmetic and geography.
The editor has a notion that the American Rose Society can well take an interest
in school-gardens, and he is willing personally to provide a certain prize for
competition in rose-growing in any such garden.

(16G)

ROSE NOTES 167

Rose Importations in 1920. — It has been the custom of the Rose Annual
to report the total importations of rose plants and rose stocks into the United
States, and the tables on page 114 of the 1919 Annual and page 154 of the 1920
Annual may be referred to for the history of importation since 1913. For the
year ended June 30, 1920, the following report is received:

"Dear Mr. McFarland. At Mr. Marlatt's request I am sending you the following data
in regard to roses and rose stocks during the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1920:

Importation of rose stocks:

From England 1,041,700

From France 1,606,525

From Holland 601,411

From Ireland 115,000

From Scotland 150,000

3,514,636
Importation of rose varieties under special permit: Permits granted 32, covering
5,846 plants; Permits imported 19, covering 2,147 plants.
The actual importations of plants were as follows:

From England 290

From France 83

From Holland 855

From Ireland 919

2,147
Very truly yours,

R. Kent Beattie,
Pathologist in Charge, Foreign Plant Quarantines."

The operation of the regulation under Quarantine 37, effective June 1, 1919,
seems thus to have resulted in an increase in the importation of rose stocks from
3,001,102 in 1919 to 3,514,636 in 1920. Of finished roses the decrease was from
an average of 2,289,382 per year from 1913 to 1918 inclusive to 503,938 in
1919, and to 2,147 in 1920, as above reported by Mr. Beattie.

It may be noted that while 32 permits were asked for, but 19 were used,
and that the total number of new roses imported is but 2,147.

That importations of roses do not present any real danger of the introduction
of injurious insects and diseases is quite obvious. Indeed, the present disposition
of the Federal Horticultural Board seems to be to make it easy for the importer
of new varieties at least, as may be noted in the following extract from a letter
written by Mr. Thomas N. Cook, a careful and interested Massachusetts
amateur. He says:

"The latter part of January I received 184 rose plants from France through
Washington. They did the work quickly, gave the details of the examination;
the plants were all clean, with no pests of any kind, and no fumigation. They did
a beautiful job of repacking and shipping, and when we opened them here, they
were in fine order."

What Constitutes a Professional Rose-Grower? — Mr. Jesse A. Currey,
of Portland, Ore., proposes the following definition of professionalism:

"A professional rose-grower, under the rules and regulations of the American
Rose Society, is one who makes his or her living or has as his or her principal
business for profit the breeding or growing of roses, rose-stock, rose-buds, or
rose- wood for sale to the public, also all florists or nurserymen actively engaged in
such business. Horticulturists connected with or holding positions with col-
leges, experimental stations or the U. S. Department of Agriculture shall not be
considered or classed as professionals."

168 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

How Roses Are Handled in Quarantine. — Application to Dr. B. T. Gallo-
way, Plant Pathologist of the Bureau of Plant Industry, as to the actual practice
of handling rose importations brought this courteous response:

December 30, 1920.

Dear Mr. McFarland: . . . Mr. W. B. Wood of the Federal Horticul-
tural Board, who is in direct charge of the inspection work, has kindly sup-
plied me with certain tabulated data showing the number of shipments of
roses, their condition on arrival, treatments, etc. It appears that sixty-
six permits have been issued for roses since Quarantine No. 37 went into
effect. All but three or four of these shipments have been received. It has not
been necessary to treat any of the shipments with insecticides or fungicides and
no such treatments have been made. In a few instances crown gall was found on
the roots, but after removing these galls the plants were allowed to go to the
owners. In one or two of the very first shipments plants were sent in with balls
of earth about their roots. These plants were badly packed and had been on the
road a long time. They were in bad shape and owing to the presence of the soil
one shipment was destroyed. All this year the roses have been arriving in much
better shape, and the last six or eight shipments have been good. The records
show that these lots were not treated in any way. Three shipments of roses for
three different firms have arrived recently. Here is what happened to them:

Boxes were delivered to the inspection rooms by the express company about 10 a. m.
Boxes were immediately opened and plants were found to be carefully and well packed in
peat and sphagnum moss. Varieties were checked from lists at hand and inspections
finished in about two hours. Plants were immediately carefully repacked without treatment
of any kind and broker notified that the boxes were ready to go forward. Express company
called the following day for the boxes and they went forward to owner. At the same time a
report was sent to the owner by the Federal Horticultural Board. This report contained (1)
a list of the plants, (2) where grown, (3) statements as to condition on arrival, (4) how
packed, (5) date received, (6) date inspected, (7) date shipped to owner and (8) treatment,
if any.

In conclusion I wish to say that from personal observation and study I feel
free to express the opinion that roses passing through here have in no wise been
injured. The unpacking and packing is all done with the greatest care in well-
protected rooms. The inspections have been made carefully and finished promptly
and there have been no treatments with insecticides or fungicides, gases, liquids,
or powders. B. T. Galloway.

How to Import Roses Under Quarantine 37. — At the Editor's request,
the following statement of procedure was supplied for the 1921 Annual, under
date of March 3, 1921.

Dear Mr. McFarland: To make an application for a special permit to import new varie-
ties of roses proceed as follows:

(1) Secure from the Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C, a copy of the
regulations and application blank form 207.

(2) Furnish the information called for on pages one and three of form 207, designating
specifically the varieties desired; sign the agreement at the top of page four and forward
the application to the Federal Horticultural Board.

(3) After receiving the permit execute the bond which is sent with it and return it
promptly to the Federal Horticultural Board. Either personal bondsmen or a bonding
company will be accepted.

(4) With your order to your foreign shipper send the permit number and instruct him
to have the roses inspected and certified by his foreign authorities in the usual manner and
to ship them by express to the Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. for inspec-
tion, inscribing the permit number on the outside of the package and warn him that the
roses must be free from earth.

For small shipments it is not necessary to engage a customs broker to clear the material
through customs. Very triily yours,

R. Kent Beattie,
Pathologist in Charge, Foreign Plant Quarantines .

ROSE NOTES 169

The Central Rose-Test Garden Committee has supplied a brief report,
too late for presentation in this Annual. It is hoped to print it in the imme-
diately following "Members' Handbook."

Much important rose material has suffered the same fate. The Annual
must mail within the weight of one pound, because of postage and financial
limitations that are hard (for the Editor, at least !) to endure.

The Death of John M. Good. — Springfield, Ohio, has long been famous as
the greatest rose-manufacturing city in the world, the production of its green-
houses rimning way into the millions of plants. John M. Good was a pioneer in
this great rose industry.

His death at the age of sixty-seven, after a year in poor health, is a misfortune
to the city which had honored him by election to the mayoralty and in which his
business connection was of great importance. He had extended his rose efforts
toward the production of outdoor roses in the South, and was an important factor
in the operations of the United States Rose Company, at Roseacres, Miss.

Mr. Good was a man with the courage of his beliefs, and members of the
American Rose Society will remember his vigorous article printed on page 53
of the 1917 Annual, describing the important Springfield product.

"Winter Work with Roses" Ended. — Few articles in the several hundred
included in the issues of the American Rose Annual since its first year, 1916,
have attracted so much attention as those which were written by Mr. A. W.
Greeley. The "Night-Growth of Roses," in the 1920 Annual, was a scientific
contribution which was noticed and copied extensively. It is with grief that the
Editor here announces the death of Mr. Greeley on December 29, 1920. As a
friend who wrote in condolence to Mrs. Greeley said, "He worked so much with
roses and thought so much about roses that I think the sweetness and beauty
of the flower he loved must have entered into his every fiber in consequence."

Mr. Greeley was a busy newspaper editor, living in Williamsport, Pa. Two
years ago ill-health compelled him to retire from active work, but he kept his
rose-fires burning, and Mrs. Greeley writes of his plan to "go to California and
do great things with his favorite flower" which plan could not be consummated.
Mr. Greeley's work will endure, and the Editor's memory of his gentle nature
and his keen insight will long be cherished.

More About the "Critical Date" for Rose Planting, — I was out of the
Army in time to get a good start with my roses last year, and planted quite a
lot. However, I had no particular success. A number of plants, particularly
those on the Multiflora stock from an eastern firm, did not reach me until mid-
May, and practically all of them died, although they were very good-looking
plants, dormant, and received the best of care. I put in another lot earlier,
about the middle of April, which did fairly well, but the best were those from
an Ohio firm which came and were planted early in March. The plants in all
three lots were apparently of equal quality; therefore I am inclined to agree with
you in yom- ideas on "A Critical Date for Rose Planting," and I would say that
in this region, at least, that date is around April 15. — G. A. Stevens, Mineral
City, Ohio.

170 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

New Rose-Test Garden to be Opened. — A rose-test garden is to be opened
this spring at New Rochelle, N. Y., the local Garden Club subscribing a sum
of money each year for the purchase of plants and the city furnishing the labor
and maintenance. Mr. Thomas Wade, City Forester, has laid out a semicircular
plot with twelve beds, with plantings of cedars and a pergola and seats in the
background. The pergola will support the climbing roses. Ground was prepared
last fall, and 450 roses have been selected, evenly divided between established
favorites and novelties. The plot is forty by seventy feet and is capable of
enlargement. It overlooks the Soimd at Hudson Park, at Echo Bay near where
the Huguenot refugees landed late in the seventeenth century. — Regina
Armsteong NiEHAtJS, New Rochelle, N. Y.

A Hybrid with Rosa nutkana. — From Mr. George Fraser, of Ucluelet,
B. C, comes a most interesting picture (unfortunately not here reproducible)
of a rose hybrid between the well-known American variety, Richmond, and
the native R. nutkana, the latter being the pollen parent. It was, as Mr. Fraser
writes, "A beautiful almost crimson variety of our native wild Rosa nutkana,
and flowered in the spring of 1919 while still in the seed-box. Its color is almost
the same shade as Reine Marie Henriette." This cross did not happen by
accident, for, as Mr. Fraser in another letter observes, he had "tried for three
summers running to cross R. nutkana, using it as the seed parent, but without
success. I made perhaps 400 crosses with mixed pollen from some 50 varieties,
also of species of every kind that I could lay my hands upon, including several
American natives. Then I tried it as the pollen parent, using the almost crimson
variety growing a few miles from here on the sand hills." The result was the
seedling of which Mr. Fraser sent to the Editor a photograph, it being the only
one so far of five hybrids to flower. A second photograph shows the bud to have
a very pleasing shape.

The Loveliness and Value of Wild Roses. — Mr. Gersdorff's clear showing
(page 34) of the American native roses ought to induce many to plant them —
if ever nurserymen can be induced to provide them.' A lover of the beauty of
the wild roses is Mr. Thomas N. Cook, of Massachusetts, who writes thus :

"The Federal rules are giving us something to study about American wild
roses. The Empress Josephine had them at Malmaison all of a hundred years
ago, and if we will only go afield and look for them we will have plenty of delight-
ful flowers, and will find some variations from the type that are worth while.
There is a place where Rosa virginiana has been found with double flowers.
This rose was known in France a long, long time ago, and is still grown there and
in England. This plant is named by some "Rose d' Amour," which is a mistake.
The Rose d'Amour described by Thory and painted by Redoute is Gallica, and
the double form of our American rose was also described and painted by the
same rose-lovers. The lovely Chinese wild roses, R. Hugonis, R. Moyesii and
R. Ecce do well, and selected plants of our American species are very good. R.
nitida is a beauty, both in stems and foliage, all the year round."

Mr. Cook might have added that the Altaica form of Rosa spinosissima is a
most lovely and desirable "wild" rose that works well as a rounded shrub with
bright and attractive foliage in addition to its beautiful bloom. Ros,a setipoda,
R. multibracteata and R. omeiensis pteracantha are other beautiful Chinese
wild roses that do well in the United States.

These wild roses are especially desirable for planting in spacious shrub
borders, or in parks, or along broad driveways.

ROSE NOTES 171

W. C. Egan's Eightieth Birthday. — Information reaches the Editor that
through Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, a member of the American Rose Society,
the Garden Club of lUinois is arranging for a testimonial dinner to Mr. W. C.
Egan, of Egandale, Highland Park, Ills., on his eightieth birthday, which is to
occur April 1, 1921. The Editor, who has experienced the pleasm-e of visiting
Mr. Egan many times, and of hearing from him many more times, refers
members of the American Rose Society to his piquant and delightful articles
and notes which we have from time to time printed in the Annual, as evidence
of the youngness of this great lover of plants and trees. Egandale is a wonder-
place, made up of not many acres, but the acres very large, because they have been
stretched by Mr. Egan's plant-placing genius so as to be altogether beautiful
and effective and proper. The rose at Egandale is in a climate anything but genial
to it, and yet it smiles on Mr. Egan because he loves it and takes care of it.

"The Flower Grower, published by Madison Cooper, Calcium, N. Y.,
among other departments devoted to summer-flowering plants has one devoted
to roses, and from time to time original articles containing useful facts and
information are pubhshed, together with selections of the best material obtain-
able from other sources. The Flower Groicer also contains much material of
interest to flower growers in general, and information which applies to flower-
growing in all its branches." — So writes Mr. Cooper, and it is all true. The
Flower Grower is live and good, and worth while. — The Editor.

Maman Cochet Best Rose for Southern Kansas. — In my opinion,
Maman Cochet and White Maman Cochet are, without question, the best gar-
den roses for southern Kansas. Here they are the real queens of the garden.
When their good qualities become better known, they will become the most
popular roses in Kansas.

At the World's Fair, in California, the Cochets won second place, and when
a vote on the most popular rose was taken in Australia the same year, the Cochets
won third place. I ventm-e to predict that the Cochets will yet win first place
in the rose-gardens of Kansas.

This grand garden rose is a vigorous, lusty, rugged, rampant grower of spread-
ing habit, with fine leathery, glossy foliage. It is of the easiest culture, does well
on its own roots or budded, and is quite hardy, disease-resisting, and looks more
like a thrifty Hybrid Tea than a Tea — indeed, my bushes are larger than many
of the Hybrid Teas. It is in bloom all the time from early spring till winter.

The buds are long, pointed, with broad, recurving petals of splendid texture
and substance, unfolding into perfect blooms which are never malformed or
blighted. The flowers are large, very full and double, and if cut in the morning
will last a week if placed in water. In color they are rose-pink, with bright rose
shadings. It is equally good in bud and flower and has more good points than
any other garden rose for Kansas that I know anything about.

I have many kinds of roses in my garden, but if I could have only two kinds,
they would be Maman Cochet and White Maman Cochet. When I go into my
rose-garden for a bouquet for a sick friend or for my pulpit, I invariably find
myself among the Cochets, because there I get the best blooms, with substantial
stems from eighteen inches to two feet long. Then, too, the Cochet roses make
a good showing in the garden for they are so well provided with foliage that their
growing-place never has that bare look. — Rev. J. A. B. Oglevee, Caldwell, Kan.

172 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

New Roses Registered in 1920-21

From H. L. Collier, Seattle, Wash., August 16, 1920:

Eugenia, Per. Sport of Mme. Edouard Herriot. Like Mme. Edouard Herriot
except that blooms are flecked or striped with yellow.
From E. G. Hill Co., Richmond, Ind., February 5, 1921:

Hill's America, H.T. Rose Premier X Hoosier Beauty. Bud long-pointed;
flower immense, very lasting, rose-pink; fragrant. Foliage large, dark green.
Vigorous; very free bloomer. Thornless. Resembles Columbia but superior
in color and form of bud.
From Fred H. Lemon & Co., Richmond, Ind., January 17, 1921 :

Miss Amelia Glide, H.T. (forcing). Columbia X Sunburst. Bud long-
pointed; flower medium size (35 to 40 petals), lasting, outer petals reflexing;
deep yellow center shading to cream; fragrant. Foliage very handsome dark
green. Very vigorous; upright; very free bloomer; hardiness not tested. Similar
to Sunbm"st but preferred because of its smaller bud.

Angelus, H.T. (forcing). Columbia X Ophelia. Flower large, full (40 to 45
petals), form similar to Premier but higher center, lasting; white, cream tint
at center; fragrant. Foliage dark green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; upright;
free bloomer. Hardiness not tested. Similar to Kaiserin Auguste Victoria,
but more double; blooms in winter, and keeps longer.

Rotarian, H.T. (forcing). Ophelia X unknown pollen parent. Bud long-
pointed; flower large, full (35 to 40 petals), lasting, high center, reflexed outer
petals; bright cherry-crimson; fragrant. Foliage dark green with red tips, free
from mildew. Vigorous; upright; free bloomer. Similar to Frank W. Dunlop,
but superior because free from mildew, has stronger stems, with color brighter,
and does not blue.
From Jos. H. Hill Co., Richmond, Ind., March 5, 1920:

Red Columbia, H.T. Sport of Columbia. Similar to Columbia, but not so
full and of a brilliant scarlet color, like Hoosier Beauty; very lasting. Free
bloomer.
From R. & J. Farquhar, Boston, Mass., April 21, 1920:

Betty Alden, H.Poly. (?). (Origin confused; introducer pays no attention to
inquiries.) Flower single, apple-blossom-pink, changing to white; borne in
clusters. Foliage glossy, dark green. Vigorous. Hardy.

Beacon Belle, H.Poly. {?). (Origin confused; introducer pays no attention
to inquiries.) Similar to Betty Alden, but flowers very double and close; flesh-
color, becoming pure white when matiu-e; slight fragrance.

Boston Beauty, H.Poly. (.''). (Origin confused; introducer pays no atten-
tion to inquiries.) Flower full, double, clear pink, borne in clusters; very
fragrant. Foliage leathery, dark green. Vigorous. Hardy.
From Clarke Bros., Portland, Ore., May 15, 1920:

Oregon Ophelia, H.T. Sport of Ophelia. Flower and bud similar in shape to
Ophelia, semi-globular, full (56 petals), light pink shading to yellow at base;
fragrance same as Ophelia. Foliage dark green, practically disease-proof.
Vigorous; upright; very profuse and continuous bloomer. Hardy.
From Edward Towill, Roslyn, Pa., December 3, 1920:

Legion, H.T. Milady seedling X Hadley seedling. Bud well-shaped, glob-
ular; flower large, full (42 to 48 petals), lasting, cerise-red throughout; fragrant.
Foliage large, glossy, reddish green, not subject to mildew. Vigorous; very pro-
fuse bloomer. Hardy. (Originally named "American Legion" but name
changed because objected to by association of that name.)

Official List of American Roses

Compiled by CHARLES E. F. GERSDORFF

(Corrected in this Sixth Edition to March 10, 1921)

Editor's Note. — No feature of the successive issues of the American Rose
Annual has been of more substantial importance or benefit than the list which
follows, now properly called "official." When first put together in 1916
it was more nearly a bare hint of the roses introduced in America. The unremit-
ted and continuous efforts of Mr. Gersdorff have resulted in giving it a complete-
ness and an authority of acciu-acy quite unusual.

The publication of this list serves as notice in respect of names attached to
roses of American origin. Duplications in later introduced varieties are in-
admissible, and the American Rose Society will not register such duplications.

The Editor will be glad to transmit to Mr. Gersdorff any corrections or
additions which will tend to make this list more complete. The makers of
catalogues are urged to accept the nomenclature here presented as authorita-
tive and accurate.

ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations used are: Arv. (Arvensis), B. (Bourbon), B.-C. (Bourbon-China),
Ben. (Bengal), Ben.-C. (Bengal-China), C. (China), Cl.B. (Climbing Bourbon), CI. H.T.
(Climbing Hybrid Tea), CI. T. (Climbing Tea), D. (Damask), H. Ben. (Hybrid Bengal),
H. Ben.-T. (Hybrid Bengal-Tea), H.Cl. (Hardy Climber), H.D. (Hybrid Damask),
H.Mult. (Hybrid Multiflora), H.N. (Hybrid Noisette), H.P. (Hybrid Perpetual), H. Ramb.
(Hybrid Rambler), H. Ru. (Hybrid Rugosa), H. Set. (Hybrid Setigera), H.T. (Hybrid
Tea), H. T.-Poly. (Hybrid Tea-Poly an tha), H.W. (Hybrid Wichuraiana), H.W.-Ru.
(Hybrid Wichuraiana-Rugosa), Laev. (Laevigata), Mult. (Multiflora), N. (Noisette), Per.
(Pernetiana), Poly. (Polyantha), H. Poly.-Ayr. (Hybrid Polyantha- Ayrshire), Prov.
(Provence), Ramb. (Rambler), Semp. (Semperflorens), Set. (Setigera), T. (Tea), W.
(Wichuraiana), A. R. S. (American Rose Society).

REFERENCES

The number at the end of each description on the following pages refers to
the sources considered in the list below. When two numbers follow, the rose
has been described in each of the sources cited.

1. Nomenclature de tous les noms de roses, by Leon Simon and P. Coohet. 1899.

2. Beautiful Roses, by John Weathers. 1903.

3. Roses and Rose-Growing, by Rose G. Kingsley. 1908.

4. New Roses, by Rose G. Kingsley. 1913.

5. Soci6t6 Nationale d'Horticulture de France, Section des Roses, Les plus belles roses au

debut du XX siecle. 1912.

6. Les roses, etc., by Shirley Hibberd. 1882.

7. Parsons on the Rose, by S. B. Parsons. 1869 and 1910.

8. The Book of Roses, by Francis Parkman. 1866.

9. The Amateur Gardeners' Rose Book, by Dr. Julius Hoffman; translation by John

W^eathers. 1905

10. The Rose Manual, by Robert Buist. 1854.

11. List of Roses, by Brougham and Vaux. 1898.

12. Concours international de roses nouyelles a Bagatelle. 25 juin, 1908.

13. Catalogue de la roseraie de Bagatelle. 1913.

14. Roses and Their Culture, by W. D. Prior. 1892.

15. Information obtained from various sources, such as American and foreign catalogues,

from American growers by correspondence. From catalogues of California Rose
Company, Hugh Dickson, Walsh, Alex. Dickson & Sons, Conard & Jones, Good <fe
Reese, Dreer, Fancher Creek Nurseries, Glen Saint Mary Nurseries, J. T. Lovett,
Vaughan's Seed Store, Jackson & Perkins Co., Elliott Nursery, Leedle Floral Co.,
Howard Rose Co., E. G. Hill Co., The Luther Burbank Co., Hoopes, Bro. &
Thomas Co., Joseph W. Vestal & Son, Howard & Smith, Clarke Bros. By corres-

(173)

174 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

pondence from Walsh, Dingee & Conard, Conard & Jones, Farr, Totty, Biltmore
Nurseries, Heller Brothers, A. N. Pierson, Inc., McGregor Brothers Co., Hugh
Dickson, the Editor of The Garden, London, England, John Lewis Childs, Inc.,
Gude Bros., R. Witterstaetter, J. Cook, F. Dorner& Sons, Montgomery Co., Inc.,
Frank W. Dunlop, Capt. George C. Thomas, Jos. G. Hill Co., and others.

16. Roses and How to Grow Them, by Leonard Barron. 1905.

17. The Rose, by H. B. Ellwanger. Ed. 1892.

18. Catalogue of W. R. Gray, Oakton, Fairfax Co., Va. 1916.

19. Pract. Beschr. Rozennaamlijst . . . Boom-en Plantenbeurs te Boskoop. 1 909

20. The Amateur's Rose Book, by Shirley Hibberd. 1894.

21. On the Culture of the Rose, by Robert Buist. 1844.

22. On the Rose, by Robert Buist. 1851.

23. National Rose Society Official Catalogue of Roses. 1914.

24. The American Florist, Sept. 22, 1917.

25. Catalogue of Roses, Peter Lambert, Trier, Germany. 1911-12.

26. Catalogue of Roses, Hobbies, Ltd., England. 1917.

27. Bulletin of American Rose Society, 1910.

28. Bulletin of American Rose Society, 1914.

29. American Rose Society Annual for 1916.

30. Mr. C. S. Pomeroy, Box 586, Riverside, Calif.

31. Eastern Nurseries, Inc., Holliston, Mass., 1918

32. The Garden Magazine, October, 1918.

33. R. & J. Farquhar & Co., Boston, Mass.

34. Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, L. H. Bailey, Vol. 5, 1916.

35. The Genus Rosa, by Ellen Willmott, 1910-11.

36. Plants; Wilsonianse, Arnold Arboretum, Vol. II, Part II, 1915.

37. The Rose Journal of American Rose Society, Vol. 1.

38. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1907.

39. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1908.

40. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1911.

41. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1912.

42. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1913.

43. Horticulture, June 28, 1919.

44. Horticulture, July 12, 1919.

45. Nomenclature de tous les noms des roses, by Leon Simon and P. Cochet, Second

Edition, 1906.

46. F. L. Mulford, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Abundance, Poly. (Henderson, 1910.) Clotilde Soupert X Souv. du President

Carnot. 25.
Adam Rackles, H.T. (Rommel, 1905.) 45.

Admiral Dewey, H.T. (Taylor, 1899.) Sport from Mme. Car. Testout. 15,19.
Admiral Evans, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907; not formally introduced.) 5, 13.

Liberty X unnamed seedling. 12.
Admiral Schley, H.T. (J. Cook, 1901.) ColonelJoffe X GeneralJacqueminot.

Received Bronze Medal at Pan-American Exposition. 19.
Agnes Emily Carman, H.Ru. (Carman, 189-.) R. rugosa X Harison's Yel-
low. 29.
Alba rubrifolia, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

Wichuraiana hybrid.
Alice Aldrich, H.Ru. (J. T. Lovett, 1899.) 15. R. rugosa X unknown Tea or

Hybrid Tea.
Alice Lemon, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.) Mme. Philippe Rivoire X Paul

Neyron. 25.
Alida Lovett, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1917.) R.

Wichuraiana X Souv. du President Carnot. 15.
Alice of Ingleside, H.T. (Briggs, 1910.) 42.
Amarante, B. (Page, 1859.) 45.
America, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1915.) 29.
America, N. (Page, 1859.) 8, 16.

America, H.Ru. (Garden, Harvard University, 1894.) 5.
America, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1902.) 45.
American Banner, T. (Cart^vright, 1877.) 1, 17. Sport of Bon Silene. 16.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 175

American Beauty, H.P. (Bancroft, 1886.) Syn., Mme. Ferd. Jamain, as
which it seems to have been introduced in France by Ledechaux, 1873.
3, 17, 19. (Field Brothers.) 16.

American Belle, H.P. (J. Burton, 1893.) Sport from American Beauty. 19.

American Pillar, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1902; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.
Wichuraiana X R. setigera. 19.

American Seedling, H.T. (Bisset, 1904.) 45.

Amcena, Lsev. (Hockbridge, 1909.) 15.

Angelus, H.T. (F. H. Lemon & Co., reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Columbia X
Ophelia. 15.

Anna INIaria, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 1, 13, 19. Syn., Anna Marie. 15.

Annie Cook, T. (J. Cook, 1888.) 1. Seedling from Bon Silene. 17.

Apple Blossom, H. CI. (Dawson, 189-; not formally introduced.) 29. Dawson
X R. multiflora. 31.

Apple Blossom, Poly. (Schultheis, 1908.) 26.

Arcadia, H.W. (Walsh, 1913.) 15.

Arnoldiana, H.Ru. (Dawson, 1914.) R. rugosa X General Jacqueminot.
Syns., Arnold; Dawson's Hybrid Rugosa.

Atlas, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1903.) 19. (1902.) 45.

Augusta, N. (1853.) 1. Seedling from Solfatare. 8.

Augustine Guinoisseau, Jr., H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport of
Augustine Guinoisseau. 15, 30.

Aunt Harriet, H.W. (Van Fleet, ; intro. by Farm Journal of Phila-
delphia, 1918.) Appoline X R. Wichuraiana. 15.

Aurora d'Enghien, Prov. (Feast, .) 45.

Babette, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1908.) 15, 19.

Baltimore, H.T. (J. Cook, 1898.) Mme. Antoine Rivoire X Mary Fitz-

william. 42.
Baltimore Belle, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 19.
Beacon Belle, H.Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., reg. A. R. S.. 1919.)

Orleans X (Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose). 33.
Beauty of Greenmont, H.Set. (Pentland of Baltimore, 1854.) 16.
Beauty of Greenwood, N. 17.

Beauty of Rosemawe, B. (Conard & Jones Co., 1903.) 15, 19.
Beauty of the Prairies, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 13, 19. Syns., Queen of the

Prairies, Prairie Queen. 10; Feast's No. 1, Mme. Caradori Allan, 22.
Bedford Belle, H.T. (Bedford Flower Co., reg. 1916.) 15. Sport from Double

White Killarney.
Belle Americaine, H.P. (D. Boll, 1837.) 1, 16, 17.
Belle of Washington, H.T. (Field, 1904.) 45.
Belle Portugaise, Hybrid (.''). (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R. odorata

gigantea. 34.
Bess Lovett, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1917.) 15.
Betty Alden, H.Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., reg. A. R. S., 1919.)

Orleans X (Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose.) 33.,
Birdie Blye, H.Cl. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) Helene

X Bon Silene. 19.
Bloomfield Abundance, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro. by Bobbink & Atkins and A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Sylvia X

Dorothy Page-Roberts. 15.
Bloomfield Perpetual, H.P. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro. by Bobbink & Atkins, 1920.) Iceberg X Frau Karl Druschki. 15.

176 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Bloomfield Progress, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro. by Bobbink & Atkins, 1920.) Mary, Countess of Echester X

General MacArthnr.
Blush Maryland, H.T. (Totty, 1912.) Sport. 15.
Bonnie Belle, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1911.) 25.
Bonnie Prince, H.W. (Thomas N. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Tausend-

schon X unnamed seedling.
Boston, H.T. (Montgomery Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Mrs. Geo. Shawyer X

Montgomery seedling. 15.
Boston Beauty, H.Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., reg. A. R. S., 1919.)

Orleans X (Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose.) 33.
Bridal Wreath, H.W. (Manda, 1909.) 37.
Bride, T. (May, 1885.) 15, 19. Sport from Catherine Mermet. 16. Syn., The

Bride. 15. Syn., La Fiancee, 1.
Bridesmaid, T. (Moore, 1892.) 15, 19. Sport from Catherine Mermet.

Probably identical with The Hughes. 16.
Brighton Beauty, T. (Originated by Bragg; intro. by May, 1891.) 16, 17.
Buena Vista, B. (Page, 1859.) 45.
Bunker Hill, B. (Page, 1859.) 45.
BuRBANK, Ben. (Burbank; intro. by Burpee, 1898.) 5, 42. Armosa (Hermosa)

X seedling of Bon Silene. 15, 19.
Buttercup, Cl.T. (California Rose Co., 1908.) 15. Seedling of unknown

parentage. 30.

California, H.T. (Howard & Smith, reg. A. R. S., 1916.)

Canadian Queen, H.T. (Reg. by H. Dale Estate, 1902; intro. by Breitmeyer
Floral Co., 1911.) 41, 42.

Captain Hudson, Per. (Kersbargen Brothers, 1911.) 15.

Cardinal, H.T. (J. Cook, 1904.) Liberty X unnamed red seedling. 19.

Carissima, H.W. (Walsh, 1904.) 15. Seedling of Wichuraiana. 19, 45.

Carmen Sylva, T. (Heidecker, 1891.) 1.

Caroline Cook, T. (Anthony Cook, 1871.) Seedling of Safrano. 17.

Caroline Goodrich, H.P. (America, .) Syn., Climbing Gen. Jacque-
minot. 45.

Catherine Bell, H.P. 20. (Bell & Son, 1877.) 17.

Celeste, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.

Champion of the World, Ben. (Woodhouse, 1894.) 1.

Champney's Pink Cluster, N. Supposed hybrid of R. chinensis X R-
moschata raised about 1810 by John Champney, of Charleston, S. C.
About 1817 Philip Noisette, of the same city, grew from it a rose which his
brother, Louis Noisette, of Paris, distributed as Blush Noisette. 2, 16, 45.

Champ Weiland, H.T. (Weiland and Risch, reg. A. R. S., 1915.) Sport from
Killarney. 15.

Charles Getz, B. (Anthony Cook, 1871.) 17.

Charles Wagner, H.P. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)
Jean Liabaud X Victor Hugo.

Childs' Jewel, H.T. (Childs, 1902.) Sport from KiUarney. 15.

Christine Wright, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1909.) Unnamed
seedling X Mme. Caroline Testout.

Cinderella, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15, 19.

Cinderella, N. (Page, 1859.) 45.

Clara Barton, H.T. Poly. (Van Fleet; intro. by Conard & Jones Co., 1898.)
Clotilde Soupert X American Beauty. 16, 32.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 177

Climbing American Beautt, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1909.)

American Beauty X Marion Dingee X R. Wichuraiana. 15. Silver Medal,

A. R. S., 1915.
CuMBiNG Bridesmaid, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) Sport. 15, 42.
Climbing Cecile Brunner, Poly. (Sport at Riverside, Calif., 1901.) 15.
Climbing Clotilde Soupert, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1902.) Sport. 19.

Climbing Col. R. S. Williamson, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Comtesse Eva Starhemberg, T. (Glen Saint Mary Nurseries, 1917.)

Sport. 15.
Climbing Countess of Oxford, H.P. (Smith, 1875.) Sport. 1.
Climbing Etoile de France, H.T. (Howard Rose Co., 1915.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. (Lawrenson, 1906.) Sport. 15, 19.
Climbing Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. (Storrs & Harrison, 1911.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Helene Cambier, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport. Syn.,

Climbing Helene Gambier. 15.
Climbing Helen Gould, H.T. (Good & Reese, 1912.) Sport from Balduin

(Helen Gould). 15.
Climbing Hugh Dickson, H.P. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Killarnet, H.T. (Reinberg, 1908.) Sport. 15.
Climbing La France, H.T. (Henderson, 1893.) Sport. 1, 3, 19.
Climbing Liberty, H.T. (May, 1908.) Sport. 23, 26.
Climbing Marie Guillot, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1898.) Sport. 42.
Climbing Meteor, H.T. Sport. 3.

Climbing Mme. Jules Grolez, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Mme. Welche, T. (Mellen, 1911.) Sport. 15.

Climbing Mosella, Poly. (Conard & Jones Co., 1909.) Sport. 15, 19, 25.

Climbing Mrs. W. J. Grant, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1899.) Sport from Mrs.

W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht). Syn., Climbing Belle Siebrecht (W. Paul &

Son, 1899). 15, 23.
Climbing My Maryland, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1915.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Oriental, C. (U. S. Department of Agricultm-e, 1914.) Seedling. 15.
Climbing Papa Gontier, Cl.T. (Chase & Co., 1905.) Sport. 15, 30.
Climbing Perle des Jardins, T. (J. Henderson, 1889.) Sport. 1, 2, 3, 13,

17, 19.
Climbing Pink American Beauty, H.T. (U. S. Nurs. Co., reg. 1914.) 15.
Climbing Pink Maman Cochet, T. (Conard& Jones Co., 1915.) Sport. Syns.,

Climbing Maman Cochet; Climbing Pink Cochet. 15.
Climbing Rainbow, T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Rhea Reid, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.

Climbing Rosemary, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Cumbing Sunburst, H.T. (Howard Rose Co., 1915.) Sport. 15.

Climbing White Killarney, H.T. (Conard & Jones Co., .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Winnie Davis, T. (California Rose Co., 1913.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Wootton, H.T. (Thos. Butler, 1899.) Sport of Souv. of Wootton. 15,
Columbia, H.T. (America, 1901.) 45.
Columbia, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) Unnamed seedling X

Mme. Caroline Testout.
Columbia, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Ophelia X Mrs. George

Shawyer.
CoQUiNA, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.

Cora L. Barton, N. (Buist, 1850.) Seedling from Lamarque. 21.
Cornelia, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X

Mrs. Aaron Ward. 15.

178 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Cornelia Cook, T. (Cook, 1855.) 15, 19. Sometimes given as Cornelie Koch.

(A. Koch, 1855.) Seedling from Devoniensis. 17. Syn., Mile. Denise de

Reverseaiix. 1 .
Corona, H.Ramb. (Bm-bank, 1913.) 15.

Coronet, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) Carmine, 1; white, yellow, 13.
Cream Beautt, H.T. (Greening, 1902.) 45.
Crimson Champion, H.T. (Cook, 1916.) 15.
Crimson Queen, H.T. (Montgomery, 1912.) Liberty X Richmond X General

MacArthnr.
Crimson Roamer, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) Bardou Job X Jersey Beauty.
Crusader, H.T. (Montgomery & Co., Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N.

Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Seedling. 15.
Cumberland Belle, Moss. (Dreer, 1900.) Sport from Princess Adelaide. 19.

Dark Pink Killarney, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910.) Sport. 27.

Dark Pink Russell, H.T. (Montgomery, 1916.) Sport. 15.

David Harum, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) 3, 19.

Dawson, H.Mult. (Dawson, 1888; intro. by Wm. C. Strong, 1890.) R. multifiora

X General Jacqueminot twice. 19.
Dawsoniana, Mult. (Ellwanger, 1901.) 13.

Daybreak, H.W. (Dawson, 1909.) R. Wichuraiana X R. indica carnea.
Daydawn, H.T. (Heller Brothers, 1909.) 15.
Debutante, W. (Walsh, 1901.) R. Wichuraiana X Baroness Rothschild. 15,

16, 19, 25, 45.
Defl^ce.H.T. (E.G. Hill Co., 1907.) Lady Battersea X Gruss an Teplitz. 19.
Defiance, H.T. (Kress, reg. 1914.) Gruss an Teplitz X Etoile de France.
Delight, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1904.) A. R. S. Cert, of Merit. 15, 19.
Dinsmore, H.P. (Henderson, 1888.) 1.
Dorothy Perkins, H.W. (Jackson & Perkins, 1902.) R. Wichuraiana X Mme.

Gabriel Luizet. 9. (1901.) 15.
Double Improved White Killarney, H.T. (S. J. Renter & Sons, 1911.)

Sport. 42.
Double L^vigata, Lsev. (California, 1900.) Syns., Double Cherokee; R.

Icevigata flore-pleno. 1 5 .
Double Ophelm., H.T. (E. H. HiU Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Ophelia X un-
named seedling.
Double Pink Killarney, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, 1910 and F. R. Pierson,

1911.) Sport. 15, 40.
Double White Killarney, H.T. (Budlong, 1913.) Sport. 15.
Double White Killarney, H.T. (Totty, 1914.) Sport. 15.
Dr. Franklin, H.P. (Page, 1859.) 45.
Dr. Huey, H.W. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., 1914; reg. A. R. S., 1920;

intro. by Bobbink & Atkins and A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Ethel X Gruss

an Teplitz. 43.
Dr. Kane, H.P. (Page, 1859.) 45.
Dr. Kane, N. (Pentland, 1856.) 16, 17.
Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W. (Van Fleet; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1910.)

R. Wichuraiana X Souv. du President Carnot. Syns., Dr. Van Fleet;

Van Fleet Rose. 15, 32.

Easter Gem, T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1904.) 45.
Eastern Gem, T. (Conard & Jones Co., 190,5.) 19.
Edward VII, Poly. (Schultheis, 1910.) 20.
Edward Evereth, B. (Page, 1859.) 4.5.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 179

Edwin F. Smith, H.T. (Byrnes, U. S. Dept. of Agric, 1918.) 46.

Edwin Lonsdale, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana

X Safrano. 19. (1900.) 45.
Elegans, Set. (Feast, about 1843.) Syn., Chillicothe Multiflora. 10.
Elizabeth Zeigler, H.W. (A. N. Pierson, reg. 1917.) Sport of Dorothy Perkins.
Ella Chatin, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1909.) 13.
Ella May, T. (May, 1890.) 5.
Empress of China, Ben. (Jackson & Perkins, 1896.) 5, 15, 19. Syn., Apple

Blossom. 15.
Enchanter, H.T. (J. Cook, 1903.) Mme. Caroline Testout X Furon. 19.
Enchantress, T. (Cook, 1904.) 45.

Erskine Park Belle, W. (Edw. J. Norman.) 'S>^ovihom.R. Wichuraiana. 15.
Etoile de France, Jr., H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport. 15.
Eugenia, Per. (H. L. Collier, reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Sport of Mme. Edouard

Herriot.
Eva Corinne, Set. (Pierce, of Washington, D. C, 185-.) 10.
Evangeline, H.W. (Walsh, 1906.) 15, 19. R. Wichuraiana X Crimson

Rambler. 12.
Evelyn, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.
Everblooming Prairie Queen, H.Set. (P. H. Meehan; intro. by Dingee &

Conard Co., 1898.) 42.
Evergreen Gem, H.W. (Manda, 1889.) R. Wichuraiana X Mme. Hoste. 19.

(1899.) 45.
Excelsa, H.CI. (Walsh, 1908.) Syn., Red Dorothy Perkins. 15. Hubbard

Gold Medal, A. R. S., 1914.

Pair Helen, H.P. (Smith, 1899.) 45.

Farquhar, H.W. (Dawson, 1903; intro. by R. & J. Farquhar & Co.) 31. R.

Wichuraiana X Crimson Rambler. 15, 16, 19. Syn., The Farquhar. 15.

Feast's Pink, Arv. (Feast, .) 45.

Felicity, H.T. (Clarke Bros., reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X Hoosier Beauty.

15.
Flag of the Union, T. (Hallock & Thorpe.) Sport from Bon Silene. 17.
Florence Chenoweth, A. B. (Chenoweth, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport

of Mme. Edouard Herriot. 15.
Flower of Fairfield, Mult. (Schultheis, 1909.) 13. (1908.) 15. (Ludorf.

1908.) 19. Syn., Everblooming Crimson Rambler. 15.
Flush o'Dawn, H.T. (Walsh, 1902.) Margaret Dickson X Sombreuil. 19.

Syn., Blush o'Dawn. 42.
Four Hundred, H.P. (Connor, 1901.) Sport from American Beauty. 42.
Frances Willard, T. (Good & Reese, 1899.) Marie Guillot X Coquette

de Lyon. Syn., President Cleveland. 15, 42.
Francis Scott Key, H.T. (J. Cook, 1913.) Radiance X No. 411 (an unnamed

crimson seedling).
Frank W. Dunlop, H.T. (John H. Dunlop, reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by

C. H. Totty Co., 1920.) Mrs. Charles Russell X Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.
Freedom, H.T. (Griffin, 1900.) 42.

Freedom, H.T. (F. H. Lemon & Co., 1920.) Seedling. 15.
Freedom, H.W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1918; intro. by Reinhold

Undritz, 1918.) Silver Moon X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Syn., Climbing

White American Beauty.

Gainsborough, Cl.H.T. (Good & Reese, 1903.) Sport from Viscountess
Folkestone. Syns., Climbing Viscountess Folkestone; Gainesboro. 15.

180 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Galaxy, H. W. (Walsh, 1906.) 26.

Gardenia, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) R. Wichuraiana X Perle des Jardins. 19.

Syn., Hardy Marechal Niel. 15.
Garden's Glory, H.T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1905.) 42.
Garnet Climber, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1907; intro. by P. Henderson & Co.,

1908.) R. Wichuraiana X Lucullus. 32, 39.
Gem of the Prairie, Set. (Burgesse, 1860.) Beauty of the Prairies X Mme.

Laffay. 7.
Gen. John Pershing, H.W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1917, as "F. R.

M. Undritz;" intro. by Reinhold Undritz.) Dr. W. Van Fleet X Mrs. W. J.

Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 15. Name changed by permission of Executive

Committee, A. R. S., Jan. 12, 1920.
General MacArthur, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) 19.
General Oliver, H.P. (Page, 1859.) 45.
General Robert E. Lee, T. (Good & Reese, 1896.) 15.

General Taylor, B. (America, .) 45.

General von Moltke, H.P. (Bell & Son, 1873.) Seedling from Charles

Lefebvre. 17.
Genevieve, H.Cl. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.
George Peabody, H.Ben. (Pentland, 1857.) 1, 16. Seedling from Paul

Joseph. 17.
Glady Talbot, H.W. (Manda, 1904.) 37.
Glorified La France, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki

X Mrs. Charles Russell. 15.
Golden Gate, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1892.) 9, 19. Safrano X Cornelia Cook.

5, 9. (Jones of New Orleans, about 1888.) 16.
Golden Gem, H.T. (Towill, reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Lady Hillingdon X Harry

Kirk.
Golden Rule, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Ophelia seedling X Sunburst.
Golden Trophy, Cl.T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) 15. Sport from Duchesse

de Auerstadt. 30.
Great Western, H. Ben. .(America, .) 45.

Hadley, H.T. (Montgomery Co.; intro. by A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1914.) (Liberty

X Richmond) seedling X General MacArthur. Awarded Gold Medal,

A. R. S., 1914.
Hansen, H.Ru. (Prof. Budd, 189-.) Syn., Hansa. 15.
Harison's Yellow, Brier. (Harison, of New York.) (1830.) 1, 10, 19. Syns.,

R. Harisonii; Hogg's Yellow; Yellow Sweetbrier. 21. Possibly a hybrid of

Austrian Briar X R- sjnnosissima. 34.
Helen Good, T. (Good & Reese, 1906.) Sport from Maman Cochet. 15, 19,

Syn., Golden Cochet. 15.
Helen Mills, H.T. (Dingee & Conard Co., 1910.) 25.
Helen Taft, H.T. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1913.) Syn., Miss Helen

Taft. 15.

Henry Clay, B. (America, .) 45.

Henry Irving, H.P. (Conard & Jones Co., 1907.) 19.
Henry M. Stanley, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1891.) 1.
Hiawatha, H.W. (Walsh, 1904.) First Prize, A. R. S. 15. 16. Crimson

Rambler X Carmine Pillar. 19.
Hibbertia, C. (Buist, about 1830.) 21.
Highland Mary, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1908.) 19.
Hilda, H.T. (Myers & Samtman, 1911.) Sport from My Maryland, 40.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 181

Hill's America, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S.. 1921.) Rose Premier X

Hoosier Beauty.
HoosiER Beautt, H.T. (F. Dorner & Sons Co., 1915.) Syn., Liberty Beauty.

Ida, H.Cl. (Dawson, 189-; not formally introduced.) Dawson X R- multi-
flora. 29.

Ideal, H.T. (Jacob Becker, 1900.) 15, 19.

Improved Rainbow, T. (Burbank, .) 15.

Improved Universal Favorite, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) 37.

Indiana, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 13. Rosalind Orr English X Frau
Karl Druschki. 12.

Intensity, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1908.) 19, 25.

Isabella Gray, N. (Gray, 1855.) Seedling from Cloth of Gold or Chroma-
tella. 8, 17.

Isabella Sprunt, T. (Sprunt, 1866.) 15. Sport from Safrano. 17.

Ivory, T. (American Rose Co., 1902.) Sport from Golden Gate. 3, 19. Syn.,
White Golden Gate. 15. (1901.) 45.

Jacksonia, C. (Buist, about 1830.) Syn., Hundred-leaved Daily. 21.

James Sprunt, CI. Ben. (Sprunt, 1856.) 6, 9. Sport from Agrippina. 17.

Jane, Set. (Pierce, about 1850.) 1, 10.

Janice Meredith, Ben. (E. G. Hill Co., 1902.) 45.

Jersey Beauty, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) R.Wichuraiana X^erledesJardins. 19.

Jessica, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 25.

John Burton, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana X

Safrano. 19.
J. S. Fay, H.P. (Walsh, 1899.) 15, 19. Prince Camille de Rohan X Pierre

Notting. 42.
Juanita, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 38.
Jubilee, H.P. (Henderson, 1898.) 1, 19. (1897.) 15. (Walsh, 1897.) Victor

Hugo X Prince Camille de Rohan. 16.

Kalmia, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 25.

Kansas City, H.T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1903.) 45.

Keystone, Mult. (Dingee & Conard, 1904.) 15, 19.

Killarney Queen, H.T. (J. A. Budlong & Son Co.; intro. by A. N. Pierson,

Inc., 1912.) Sport. 40.
King David, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1910.) 15. SportofVick's Caprice. 30.
King of the Prairies, Setigera type. (Feast, 1843.) 1, 10.

La Detroit, H.T. (Hopp & Lemke, 1904; intro. by P. Breitmeyer's Sons, 1905.)

45. Mme. Caroline Testout X Bridesmaid. 15, 42.
Lady Ann Borodell, H.T. (S. J. Reuter & Son, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1914.)

Sport from My Maryland. 28.
Lady Blanche, H.W. (Walsh, 1913.) 15.

Lady Cromwell, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910.) Sport of My Maryland. 42.
Lady Dorothea, T. (Dunlop, 1898.) 16. Sport of Sunset. 42.
Lady Duncan, H.W. (Dawson, 1900.) R. Wichuraiana X R. rugosa.
Lady Gay, H.W. (Walsh, 1905.) 15,19. R. Wichuraiana X BardouJob. 5, 16.
Lady Joy, H.T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1901.) American Beauty X Mrs. W. J.

Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 42.
Lady Mars, CI.T. (California Rose Co., 1909.) 15. Sport from Gloire de

Dijon. 30.
La Fiamma, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15, 19. Syn., La Flamme. 15.

182 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Landreth's Cabmine, N. (D. & C. Landreth, 1824.) Syn., Carmine Cluster. 10.

Lansdowne, H.T, (Leonard, reg. A. R. S., 1914.) 15.

Legion, H.T. (Towill,1920.) Milady seedling X Hadley seedling. 15. (Changed

from "American Legion" because association of that name objected to same.)
Le Vesuve, Ben.-C. (Sprunt, 1858.) 3.

Lilian Nordica, H.T. (Walsh, 1898.) Margaret Dickson X Mme. Hoste. 42.
Little Sunshine, Poly. (Alexander R. Cumming, Jr.; reg. A. R. S., 1915.

A. N. Pierson, Inc.) R. multiflora nana X Soleil d'Or.
Little White Pet, Poly. (Henderson, 1879.) 1, 13, 19.
Lord Calvert, H.T. (J. Cook, 1919.) Radiance X Hoosier Beauty. 15.
Los Angeles, H.T. (Howard & Smith; reg. A. R. S., 1916.) Mme. Segond

Weber X Lyon Rose. 15.
LuciLE, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.
LuTEA, N. (Buist, .) Syn., R. Smithii. 21.

Madeleine Lemoine, Hyb. (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R- odorata

gigantea. 34.

Madison, T. (Hentz, 1912.) 15.

Madonna, H.T. (J. Cook, 1908.) Furon X Marie Van Houtte.

Magnafrano, H.T. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) Magna
Charta X Safrano. 19.

Maid Marian, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15.

Maid of Honor, T. (Hoffmeister, 1899.) Sport of Catherine Mermet. 16, 19.

Manda's Triumph, H.W. (Manda, 1898.) 37. R.Wichuraiana X a Hybrid Per-
petual. 19.

Marigold, T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1905.) 45.

Marion Brunell, C.T. (F. H. Brunell, Alabama, 1917.) Sport of Reine Marie
Henriette. 15.

Marion Dingee, H.T. (J. Cook, 1889.) Caserta X General Jacqueminot X

Mark Twadj, H.T. (E. G. HUl Co., reg. A. R. S., 1902.) 5, 13, 19, 25.

Marshall P. Wilder, H.P. (Ellwanger & Barry, 1885.) 15, 16, 17.

Mary Hill, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1917.) Ophelia X Sunburst.

Mary Lovett, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1915; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1915.) R.
Wichuraiana X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria.

Mary Washington, Set.Hyb. Said to have been planted by George Wash-
ington on his estate at Mount Vernon and named by him in honor of his
mother. 45. Syn., Martha Washington. 15.

Master Burke {R. Laiorenciana) , Species. (Feast, .) 21.

Maud Little, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1891.) 1.

Mavourneen, H.T. (The Florex Gardens, reg. A. R. S., 1913.) Sport from
Killarney. 37.

Max Graf, Hyb. (Reg. A. R. S., 1919, by James H. Bowditch as Rosa hybrida
Max Graf.) Thought to be a hybrid of R. rugosa X R- setigera.

Mayflower, T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1910.)

May Martin, H.T. (Martin & Forbes, 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.

May Miller, H.T. (E.G. Hill Co., 1910.) Unnamed seedling X Paul Neyron. 5.

May Queen, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) 19.
R. Wichuraiana X Mrs. de Graw. 16.

Mexico, H.P. (Bryant, 1863.) 45.

Milady, H.T. (Towill, 1913.) Richmond X J. B. Clark.

Miledgeville, H.Set. (America, .) 45.

Milky Way, H.W. (Walsh, 1900.) 15.

Mill's Beauty, H.Set. (America, .) 45.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 183

Minnehaha, H.W. (Walsh, 1904.) 45. R. Wichuraiana X Paul Nejron.

5, 16, 19.
Minnie Dawson, Mult. (Dawson, 189-; intro. by Ellwanger & Barry.) R.

multiflora X Dawson. 29, 31.

Minnie Francis, T. (America, .) 15.

Miss Alice Roosevelt, H.T. (Raised by Durfee, 1902; American Rose Co.,

reg. 1902.) 42, 45.
Miss Amelia Gude, H.T. (F. H. Lemon & Co., reg. A. R. S., 1921.) Columbia

X Simburst.
Miss Bell, T. (Intro, and date unknown.) 10.
Miss Kate Moulton, H.T. (Monson; intro. by Minneapolis Floral Co., 1906.)

42. Mme. Caroline Testout X La France X Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Sie-

brecht). 15, 19.
Miss Lolita Armour, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Result of a cross be-
tween two unnamed seedlings. 15.
Miss Maudy Shubrook, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport from Mrs.

Aaron Ward. 15.
Miss Rubt Dent, H.P. (California Rose Co., 1916.) Sport from Mrs. John

Laing; also classed as a Hybrid Tea. 15.
Miss Sarah Nesbitt, T. (B. Dorrance, 1910.) 27. Sport from Mme. Cusin. 42.
Miss Sargent, T. (Mackenzie, of Philadelphia, about 185-.) 10.
Mlle. Marthe Hyrigoyen, H.C. (E. G. HUl Co., 1902.) 25.
Mme. Boll, Portlandica. (Boll, 1859.) 45.
Mme. Boll, H.P. (Boll, 1858.) 1.

Mme. Butterfly, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.
Mme. Byrne, N. (Buist, 1850.) 10. Seedling of Lamarque. 21.
Mme. Trudeaux, H.P. (Boll, 1850.) 1, 17.

Mme. Trudeaux, D. (Boll, .) 10.

MoLLOTY, H.T. (Fr. Schoener, 1919 (.?).) Maman Cochet X Kaiserin Auguste

Victoria. 15.

MoNTARiosA, Hybrid. (Franceschi, .) R.moschataX R-odoratagigantea. 34.

Montecito, Hybrid. (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R- odorata gigantea. 34.

Montrose, H.T. (J. Cook, 1916.) 15. Unnamed red X Laiurent Carle.
Mrs. Allen Chandler, B. (Chandler, 1903.) 45.

Mrs. Bayard Thayer, H.T. (Waban Rose Cons., reg. A. R. S., 1916.) 15.
Mrs. Belmont Tiffany, H.T. (Budlong, reg. A. R. S., 1917; intro. by

A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1918.) Sport of Sunburst.
Mrs. Brook E. Lee, H.T. (Byrnes, U. S. Dept. of Agric, 1918.) 46.
Mrs. B. T. Galloway, H.T. (Byrnes, U. S. Dept. of Agric, 1918.) 46.
Mrs. Charles Bell, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Sport of

Radiance.
Mrs. Charles Russell, H.T. (Montgomery, 1913.) "Mme. Abel Chatenay,

Marquise Litta de Breteuil, Mme. Caroline Testout, Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle

Siebrecht), General Mac Arthur, and three seedlings resulting from these

crosses are all combined to produce Mrs. Charles Russell." 15.

Mrs. Charles Dingee, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) 15.

Mrs. Charles Gersdorff, Cl.H.T. (Gersdorff, reg. A. R. S., 1916.) White

climbing rose X Killarney.
Mrs. Cleveland, H.P. (Gill, 1897.) 1, 13, 19.
Mrs. de Graw, B. (Burgess, 1885.) 16.

Mrs. Edworgt, H.Set. (America, .) 45.

Mrs. E. T. Stotesbury, H.T. (Towill, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Seedling (Joseph

Hill X My Maryland) X Milady.
Mrs. F. F. Thompson, H.T. (Totty, 1915.) Sport of Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.

184 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mrs. Henry Winnett, H.T. (Dunlop, reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Mrs. Charles

Russell X Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.
Mrs. James G. Penny, H.T. (Joseph W. Vestal & Son, .) Sport of Ra-
diance.
Mrs. J. C. AiNSWORTH, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1918.) Sport of Mrs. Charles

Russell.
Mrs. Jessie Fremont, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1891.) 1, 45.
Mrs. John Cook, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N. Pierson,

Inc., 1920.) Ophelia X three unnamed seedlings. 15.
Mrs. J. Pierpont Morgan, T. (May, 1895.) 15, 16. Sport from Mme. Cusin,

Syn., Mrs. Pierpont Morgan. 15.

*Mrs. Lovett, H.W. (Dr. Van Fleet, .) 15.

Mrs. Marshall Field, H.T. (Reinberg, 1906.) 42.

Mrs. Mary Neihoff, H.T. (Neihoff, 1908.) Syn., Aurora. 42.

Mrs. M. H. Walsh, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) Syn., Mrs. Walsh. 15. Gold Medal

of A. R. S., 1911.
Mrs. Moorfield Storey, H.T. (Waban Rose Conservatories, reg. A. R. S.,

1915.) General MacArthur X Joseph Hill.
Mrs. Oliver Ames, T. (R. Montgomery, 1898.) Sport from Mrs. J. Pierpont

Morgan. 42.
Mrs. Opie, T. (Bell & Son, 1877.) 17.
Mrs. Paul Neihoff, H.T. (Neihoff, 1903.) 39.

Mrs. Pierce, Set. (Pierce, about 1850.) 10, 17. Syn., Mrs. Hovey. 22.
Mrs. Potter Palmer, H.T. (Breitmeyer, 1909.) 19, 25.
Mrs Prentiss Nichols, H.T. (Robert Scott & Sons, 1922.) 15.
Mrs. R. B. Mellon, H.Spin. (Elliott Nursery, 1917.) Seedling. 15.
Mrs. Robert Garrett, H.T. (J. Cook, 1900.) Caserta X F. E. Verdier.
Mrs. Robert Peary, Cl.H.T. (De Voecht & De Wilde; intro. by Dingee &

Conard, 1897.) Sport from Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. 45.
Mrs. Sarah Yeats, H.T. (Originated and reg. by Yeats, 1916; intro. by

A. L. Randall Co., 1917.) 15.

Mrs. Siddons, N. (America, .) 45.

Mrs. S. K. Rindge, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Rayon d'Or X Frau Karl

Druschki. 15.

Mrs. Smith, H.P. (America, .) 45.

Mrs. E. W. Sterling, H.T. (J. Cook, 1916; not disseminated.) Antoine

Rivoire X unnamed pink seedling. 15.
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) Sport of La France.

19.
Mrs. Walter T. Sumner, H.T. (Clarke Bros., reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Ophelia X

Hadley. 15.
Mrs. W. C. Whitney, H.T. (May, 1894) 11, 16.

Mrs. W.A.Taylor, H.T. (Byrnes, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1918.) 46.
Mrs. Wm. R. Hearst, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1916.) Sport

of My Maryland. 15.
Mr. Toronto, T. (Dunlop, 1892.) 45.
Mr. Vernon, Ben. (Page, 1859.) Syn., Mons. Vernon. 45.
Muriel Moore, H.T. (Moore, 1916.) Sport of My Maryland.
My Maryland, H.T. (J. Cook, 1908.) Madonna X Enchanter.
My Queen, H.T. (Fr. Schoener, 1919 (?).) Golden Gate X British Queen. 15.

Nestor, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1902.) 45.

Nevia, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10.

♦Probably identical with Mary Lovett, H.W.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 185

New Century, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1900; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.

rugosa X Clotilde Soupert.
Newport Fairy, H.Mult. (Gardner; intro, by Roehrs, 1908.) 12, 19. R.

Wichuraiana X Crimson Rambler. Syn., Newport Rambler. 39, 42.

NiLES CocHET, T. (California, .) 15.

Noisette de l'Inde, N. (Noisette, 1814.) Type. 45.

NoKOMis, H.W. (Walsh, 1918.) jR. Wichuraiana X Comte de Raimbaud.

Norma, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1904.) 4, 19, 25.

Northern Light, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

Wichuraiana hybrid. 19.

Oakmont, H.P. (May, 1893.) 15, 19.

Old Blush, N. (Noisette, 1817.) 2.

Olivia, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 15, 19. Syn., Oliva. 15.

Onandaga Seedling, H.P. (Smiley, 1904.) 45.

Ophelia, N. (America, .) 45.

Ophelia, T. (Gray, 1858.) 45.

Ophelia Supreme, H.T. (Dailledouze Bros.; reg. See. American Florists,

1917.) Sport. 24.
Orange Perfection, H.P. (Manda, 1898.) 1.
Oregon Ophelia, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1920.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.
Oriole, Mult. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.
Oriole, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1910.) 15.

Pallida, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 17, 20.

Panama, H.P. (E. G. Hill Co., 1908.) Paul Neyron X seedling of Joseph Hill. 5.

Panama, H.T. (J. Cook, 1913; reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X
unnamed pink seedling. Awarded Silver Medal, A. R. S., 1915.

Pan- America, H.T. (Henderson, 1901.) American Beauty X Mme. Caroline
Testout. 19, 42.

Paradise, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 15, 19.

Paul de Longpre, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1906.) 19.

Pauline Dawson, H.Cl. (Dawson, 1916.) 31.

Pearl of the Pacific, H.T. (Fr. Schoener, 1919 [?].) Seedling. 15.

Pearl Queen, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co., 1911.)
32, 42. R. Wichuraiana X Mrs. de Graw. 16.

Pearl Rivers, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1890.) 1, 16.

Penelope Mayo, H.P. (Davis, 1878.) 1.

Perpetual Michigan, Set. (Feast, about 1843.) 10.

Philadelphia, Ramb. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)
Crimson Rambler X Victor Hugo. 16, 19. Probably the same as Phila-
delphia, H.Mult. Syn., Philadelphia Crimson Rambler. 15.

Pilgrim, H.T. (Montgomery Co., Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N.
Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Seedling. 15.

Pillar of Gold, Cl.T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1909.) 19.

Pink Beauty, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X My Maryland.
15.

Pink Redder, H.T. (Meehan, .) 45.

Pentk Cecile Brunner, Poly. (Western Rose Co., 1918.) Sport. 15.

Pink Cherokee, Lsev. (California, 1887.) R. laevigata X R- indica. 15.

Pink Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. (California Rose Co., 1910.) Sport. 15.

Pink Key, H.T. (F. R. Pierson, 1920.) Sport of Francis Scott Key. 15.

Pink Ophelia, H.T. (Howard & Smith, 1916.) Sport from Ophelia.

Pink Pearl, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) R. Wichuraiana X Meteor.

186 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Pink Perle des Jardins, T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1891.) Sport. 1, 45.

Pink Roamer, H.W. (Manda, 1898.) 19. Syn., Pink Rover. 15.

Pink SouPERT, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1896.) 1. Sport from Clotilde Soupert.

15.
Pom Pom, H.W. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1910.) 25. Crimson

Rambler X R. Wichuraiana. 15.
Premier, H.T. (E. G. HiU Co., 1918.) Ophelia seedling X Mrs. Charles

Russell. 15. Syn., Rose Premier, reg. A. R. S., 1917.
President Taft, H.T. (McCullough, 1908.) Syns., President W. H. Taft;

Taft Rose; Wm. H. Taft. 15.
Pretty American {R. Lawrenciana) . (Boll, 183- or 185-.) 10.

Pride of the South, Set. (America, .) 15.

Pride of Washington, Set. (Pierce, about 185-.) 7, 10, 19.

Primrose, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1908.) 19.

Princess, H.CI. (Walsh, reg. 1902.) 42.

Princess Bonnie, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 1. Bon Silene X Wm. F.

Bennett. 19.
Princess Ena, Poly. (H. B. May, 1907.) Sport of Baby Crimson Rambler. 26.
Prince Theodore Bonnet, H.T. (Dingee & Conard Co., 1898.) Bon Silene X

William Francis Bennett. 42.
Princeton, H.T. (Stockton & Howe, 1912.) 41.
Priscilla, H.T. (Henderson, 1910.) Kaiserin Auguste Victoria X Frau Karl

Druschki. 5, 25.
Prof. C. S. Sargent, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wich-
uraiana X Souv. d' Auguste Metral. (Not the same as Sargent.) 19.
PxntiTY, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1917.) Unnamed seedling X

Mme. Caroline Testout. Silver Medal, A. R. S., 1915.

Queen Beatrice, H.T. (Credited to Kramer, 1907, by Good & Reese Co.) 15,
(Dingee & Conard, 1906.) 15. Mme. Abel Chatenay X Liberty. 25.

Queen Madge, H.T. (Fitzsimmons, reg. 1902.) 42.

Queen of Edgely, H.P. (Floral Exchange, 1901.) 19, 42. Sport from Ameri-
can Beauty. Syn., Pink American Beauty. 15.

Queens Scarlet, Ben. (Hallock & Thorpe, 1880.) 15, 17. Syn., Red Her-
mosa. 15.

Radiance, H.T. (J. Cook; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1908.) Enchanter X

Cardinal. Awarded Silver Medal of A. R. S., 1914. 19.
Rainbow, T. (Sievers, 1891.) Sport from Papa Gontier. 3, 19. (Dingee &

Conard, 1891.) 2. Sievers was probably the originator.
Ramona, Lsev. (Dietrich & Turner, 1913.) Sport from Pink Cherokee. Syn.,

xlgci C hcrolcGG 1 5
Red Columbia, H.T. (Jos. H. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Sport. 15.
Red Killarnet, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910 or 1911.) Sport. 40, 42.
Red Pet, Ben. (Parker, 1888.) 45.

Red Radiance, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1916.) Sport. 15.
Red Radiance, H.T. (Gude Bros., 1916.) Sport. Darker than Pierson's. 15.
Regina, H.W. (Walsh, 1916.) 15.
Reliance, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1910.) 4, 19. Etoile de France X Chateau

de Clos Vougeot. 15.
Rena Robbins, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.) Paul Neyron X Mme. Jenny

Gillemot.
Rhea Reid, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1908.) American Beauty X red seedling.

12, 19.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 187

Richmond, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1905.) Lady Battersea X Liberty. 19. Syn.,

Everblooming Jack Rose. 15.
Robert Craig, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana

X Beaute Inconstante. 19.
Robert Heller, T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.)
Robert Scott, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, 1901.) 15. Merveille de Lyon X

Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 19.
Robin Hood, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1912.)
Rosalie, T. (EUwanger & Barry, 1884.) Seedling from Marie Van Houtte,

17. Syn., Fairy Queen. 1.
Rosalind, H.T. (F. R. Pierson Co., reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.

15.
Rosalind Orr English, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1905.) 3, 15. Mme. Abel

Chatenay X Papa Gontier. 19.
Rosa bella. Species. (Raised from seed collected by Purdom and classified by

Rehder & Wilson, from northwestern China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa bella fallens. Species. (Raised from seed collected by Purdom and

classified by Rehder & Wilson, from northwestern China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa bracteata, Species. (From China and Formosa, naturalized in America,

.) 34.

Rosa chinensis spontanea. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from central China

between 1907 and 1910.) 34.
Rosa Davidii elongata. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from southern China,

1908.) 34,35.
Rosa filipes. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from southern China, 1910.) 34. 35.
Rosa Giraldii glabriuscula. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China,

1910.) 35.
Rosa Giraldii venulosa. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from Central China,

1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa glomerata. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from western China, 1910.)

34, 35.
Rosa graciliflora, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1908.) 35.
Rosa Helene, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from Central China, 1907.) 29, 36.
Rosa humilis hybrida. Hybrid. (America, before 1893.) R. humilis X R.

rugosa. 35.
Rosa hybrida. Max Graf (James H. Bowditch, reg. A. R. S., 1919.)

Probably hybrid of R. rugosa X R. setigera. 43. Probably Max Graf.
Rosa Jackii, Species. (Rehder, from China, 1905.) 29. Syn., R. Kelleri. 34.
Rosa Jacksonii, Hybrid. (Jackson Dawson, 1897.) 35. R. rugosa X R-

Wichuraiana. 29.
Rosa laevigata. Species. (Brought to America from China and Formosa early

in 17th century.) Syns., R. sinica, R. cherokensis, R. ternata, R. nivea. Ca-
mellia, Cherokee Rose. 34, 36.
Rosa Motesii rosea. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1910.) 35.
Rosa multiflora cathayensis. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1907.)

34, 36.
Rosa Muriels, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1910). 34, 35.
Rosa odorata Embescens, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from western China,

.) 34.

Rosa Smithii, T. (Smith, 1834.) Syn., Smith's Yellow. 1.

Rosa spinosissima hybrida. (Elliott Nursery, .) 15.

Rosa Watsoniana, Species. (Edward Rand sent it to Arnold Arboretum in

1878, originally found by him in a garden at Albany, N. Y.) 35. Supposed

to have been introduced from Japan but not known in wild state. 34.

188 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rosa Wichuraiana rubrifolia, H.W. (Conard & Jones Co., 1901.) 45.

Rosa Wichuraiana variegata. (Conard & Jones Co., .) 15.

Rose Marie, H.T. (F. Dorner & Sons, 1918.) Hoosier Beauty X Sunburst.

15.
Rosemary, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 15, 19.
Rose-Pink Ophelia, H.T. (Breitmeyer, 1917.) Sport of Ophelia.
Rose Queen, H.T. (E. G. HiU Co., 1911.)
RosERiE, Mult. (R. Witterstaetter, 1917.) Sport from Tausendschon. 15.

Syn., Rosary. 15.
RoTARiAN, H.T. (F. H. Lemon & Co., reg. A. R. S., 1921.) Ophelia X un-
known pollen parent.
Royal Cluster, Mult. (Conard & Jones Co., 1899.) Armosa (Hermosa) X

Dawson. 19, 25.
Ruby Gold, T. (O'Connor, 1891.) Sport from a graft of Catherine Mermet

on Marechal Niel. 1 .
Ruby Queen, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1899; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.

Wichuraiana X Queens Scarlet. 16.
RuGOSA MAGNiFiCA, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

R. Tugosa X Ards Rover.
RussELiANA, Set. (Russel, 1900.) 25. Syns., Russell's Cottage; Russel's

Cottage. 15. Syns., Scarlet Grevillea; Cottage Rose. 21.
Ruth Vestal, Cl.T. (Vestal & Sons, 1908.) Sport from Bride. 30. Syn.,

Climbing Bride. 15.

Santa Rosa, H.Ben.-T. (Burbank, 1900.) 13,19. Second generation Hermosa

seedling X seedling of Bon Silene. 42.
Sarah Isabelle Gill, T. (Gill, 1897.) 19.
Sargent, H.W. (Dawson, 1912.) R. Wichuraiana X Crimson Rambler X

Baroness Rothschild. 31.
Satisfaction, N. (California Rose Co., 1915.) 15. Sport from Reve d'Or. 30.
Seashell, H.W. (Dawson, 1916.) 31.
September Morn, H.T. (Turner, 1915.) Sport from Mme. Paul Euler. 15.

Setigera Hybrid, Hybrid. (Dawson, .) R. setigera X R. Wichuraiana. 31.

Setina, Cl.B. (Henderson, 1879.) Sport of Armosa (Hermosa). Syns., Climb-
ing Hermosa; Cetina. 9, 15, 17, 19.
Shatemuc, Poly. (Shatemuc Nurseries, 1911.) 42.
Shepherd's Oriole, N. (T. B. Shepherd Co., 1905.) 15.
Silver Moon, H.W. (Van Fleet; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1910.) R.

Wichuraiana X R- laevigata (Cherokee Rose.) 15, 32.
Silver Star, H.W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Silver Moon X Marie

Van Houtte.
Sir Thomas Lipton, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1900; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

R. rugosa X Clotilde Soupert. 19.
Snowball, Poly. (Henderson, 1899.) 42.
Snowball, Mult. (Walsh, 1901.) 45.
Snowdrift, H.W. (Walsh.)
Snowdrift, W. (Smith, 1914.) 15.

Snowflake, T. (Strauss & Co., Washington, D. C, 1890.) 15, 17.
Southern Beauty, H.P. (Nanz & Neuner, 1888.) 1, 45.
Southern Beauty, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 42.
South Orange Beauty, H.W. (Manda, 1909.) 37.
South Orange Perfection, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) 3. R. Wichuraiana X

Mme. Hoste. 19. (1897.) 45.
Souv. DE Henry Clay, Scotch hybrid. (Boll, 1854.) 17.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 189

Souvenir of Henry Clay, Centifolia-pompon. (America, .) 45.

Sorrv. OF Wootton, H.T. (J. Cook, 1888.) Bon Silene X Louis Van Houtte.

Said to be the first Hybrid Tea rose raised in the United States. 19. Syns.,

Souv. de la Wootton; Souv. de Wootton. 15.
Spectacular, H.T. (Elliott, 1912.) Syn., Striped Killarney. 15.
Star of the West, B. (Page, 1859.) 45.
Summer Joy, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1911.) 15.
Sunbeam, T. (California Rose Co., 1908.) 15. Sport from Golden Gate.

30.
Sunset, T. (Henderson, 1883.) 1, 16, 19. Sport from Perle des Jardins. 9.
Sunshine, H.Cl. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.
Superba, Setigera type. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 16, 17, 20.
Sweetheart, H. W. (Walsh, 1899.) R. Wichuraiana X Bridesmaid. 15, 16,

19.
Sweet Marie, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1915.) Sport from Mrs. G. W.

Kershaw. 15.
Sylvia, H.T. (F. R. Pierson Co., reg. A. R. S.. 1918.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.

Tennessee Belle, Mult. (America, .) 15.

The Gem, T. (Conard & Jones, 1903.) 45.

The Oregon, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., never formally introduced.) Liberty X

unnamed seedling. 12.
The Queen, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1896.) 1.
Thora, H.T. (Burton, 1914.) 15.
Tom Field, H.T. (Field, 1906.) 42. (1904.) 45.
Triumph, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1906 or 1907.) 3, 13. Gruss an Tephtz X

General MacArthur. 25.
Triumphant, Setigera type. (Pierce, 1850.) 1, 10, 16.
Trophine, H.T. (Ft. Schoener, 1919 [?].) White Killarney X Kaiserin Auguste

Troubadour, H.W. (Walsh, 1910.) 25.

Uncle John, T. (Thorpe, 1904.) 15, 19. Sport from Golden Gate. 30.
Universal Favorite, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) 3. R. Wichuraiana X American

Beauty. 19.
Urania, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1902.) A. R. S., Special Newbold Fund Prize.
Urania, H.P. (Walsh, 1906.) 3. (1905.) Seedling from American Beauty. 16.

American Beauty (Mme. Ferd. Jamain) X Susanne Marie Rodocanachi

(Mme. Rodocanachi). 19.

Vaughan's White Baby Rambler, Poly. (Vaughan, 1916.) 15.

Vick's Caprice, H.P. (Vick, 1893.) 1. (1889.) Sport from Archduchesse
Elizabeth d'Austriche. 15, 16, 19.

Victor, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Ophelia seedling X Killarney Brilliant.

Victory, H.W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1918; intro. by Reinhold Un-
dritz, 1918.) Dr. W. Van Fleet X Mme. Jules Grolez.

Victory Rose, H.P. (Dingee & Conard, 1901.) 45.

Virginia, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1894.) 1.

Virginia, T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1896.) 45.

Virginian Lass, H.Set. (America, .) 45.

Virginian Rambler, Mult. (America, .) 45.

ViRDiFLORA, Ben. (Originated in Baltimore, Md., about 1850.) 10, 19. (Har-
rison, of Baltimore, Md., 1856.) 1. (Rambridge and Harrison, 1856.)
15. Syn., Green Rose. 15.

190 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Waban, T. (E. M. Wood & Co., 1891.) Sport of Catherine Mermet. 16, 19.
Washington, Ben. (D. & C. Landreth, about 1824.) 10.
Washington, N. (Stewart, of Philadelphia, Pa., about 185-.) 10, 17.
Wedding Bells, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 19. Seedling from Crimson Rambler.

16, 38. (1906.) 25.
Wellesley, H.T. (Montgomery, 1904.) Liberty X Bridesmaid. 16.
West Grove, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, reg. 1914.) Liberty X Kaiserin Auguste

Victoria.
White Bougere, T. (Dunlop, 1898.) Sport. 42.
White Dawson, H.Mult. (Ellwanger, 1901.) 19.

White Killarney, H.T. (Waban Rose Conservatories, 1909.) Sport. 15, 19.
White Maman Cochet, T. (J. Cook, 1896.) Sport. 16, 19.
White Ophelia, H.T. (Cleveland Cut Flower Co., 1920.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.
White Pearl, T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1890.) 1, 45.
White Pet, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 42.

White Shawyer, H.T. (Totty, 1915.) Sport of Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.
White Star, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) Jersey Beauty X Manda's Triumph.
White Tausendsch " n. Mult. (J. Roehrs Co., probably in 1918.) Sport. 15.
Wilhelmina, H.T. (Hoerber Bros., 1911.) 42.

William Herbert, H.P. (America, .) 15.

William Saunders, H.T. (Byrnes, U. S. Dept. of Agric, 1918.) 46.

William Warder, H.P. (Mitchell, 1880.) 45.

Winnie Davis, H.T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1900.) Kaiserin Auguste Victoria X

Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht.) 42.
Winona, H.Ramb. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.
Winter Gem. T. (Childs, 1898.) 15.
Wm. C. Egan, H.W. (Dawson, 1900; intro. by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co.)

R. Wichuraiana X General Jacqueminot. 15.
Wm. F. Dreer, H.P. (Howard & Smith, 1920.) Result of a cross between two

unnamed seedlings. 15.
Wm. R. Smith, H.T. (Smith, 1908; intro. by Peter Henderson & Co., 1908.)

Maman Cochet X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Syns., Jeannette Heller;

Charles Dingee; Maiden's Blush; President Wm. R. Smith. 4, 15, 19.
Wm. S. Clark, H.T. (Clark, 1907.) Liberty X Mme. Abel Chatenay. 38.
Wm. K. Harris, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) 15, 19.
Woodland Marguerite, N. (Pentland, 1859.) 17.
W. T. Dreer, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) 4, 19.
Wyndmoor, H.T. (Meyers & Samtman, 1907.) American Beauty X Safrano.

39.

Yellow President Carnot, H.T. (California Rose Company, 1910.) 15.

Sport. 30.
Young America, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1902.) 45.

INDEX

Adams, Charles G., article by, 44.
Amateur's Rose-Garden on Puget

Sound, 60.
America, as a Rose-Test Garden, 118.
American Roses, Official List of, 173.
American Rose Society in 1921, 9;

New Office, 9.
Anthony, R. F., article by, 75.
Auburn Rose Society, mentioned, 45.
Australian Rose Doings, 127.

Back-Yard Garden, Better, 75.
Back- Yard Roses in Fourth Season, 68.
Bagatelle, Rose Trials at, 146.
Better Rose Descriptions, 93.
Blooming Dates, First, 62.
Bloom Record, Anthony, 76.
Bloom Records, Washington, 69
Books on Roses mentioned, 21.
Boursault rose, 31.
Burgoyne.W.B., letters from, 102, 106.

California Rose Conditions, Some, 57.

Caparn, H. A., article by, 72.

Cherokee, as stock, 52.

Christine, George, letter from, 99.

Cook, Thomas N., letter from, 107.

Commercial Roses in Pacific North-
west, 142.

Commercial Roses as Wholesaler Sees
Them, 136.

Corbett, Prof. L. C, mentioned, 32.

Coutts, J., article by, 86.

Crowell, S. W., letter from, 55.

Currey, Jesse A., article by, 12, 114.

Cut-Flower Situation, 129.

Cut Roses Around Chicago, 140.

Davidson, Fred, letter from, 109.
Dunning, David M., letters from, 103,
108.

Egan, W. C, letter from, 101, 107.
English Roses for 1920, New, 149.
English Roses Through American
Eyes, 154.

Favorite Roses, 119-124.
Florida Rose-growing, 64.
France, New Roses of, 160.

Germany, letter from, 125.
Germany, New Roses of, 163.
Gersdorff, C. E. F., articles by, 34, 89,

173.
Gold-Medal Roses of 1920, 149.
Great Britain, New Roses of, 158.
Greeley, A. P., article by, 68.
Greenhouse Roses this Year and Last,

133.

Hardiness of Roses, Comparative, 97.
Harrison, Miss Carrie, letter from, 99.
Hays, James A., article by, 60.
Highways, Planting Roses on,|44.
Hill, E. G., article by, 154; portrait

of, Plate XVI., facing page 156.
Hillger, S. E., mentioned, 46.
Hospital Rose-Garden, 79.
Holland, New Roses of, 164.
How to Make Roses Grow, 99.
Huey, Dr. Robert, letter from, 100.
Hume, H. H., article by, 47.
Hybrids, altaica, 28; canina, 30; Hu-

gonis, 27; Moyesii, 29; Wichur-

aiana, 31; xanthina, 28.

Italian Rose Conditions, 126.
Jodidi, Dr. S. L., letter from, 100.

Keimel, W. J., article by, 140.
Kew Gardens, Roses at, 86.
King, Mrs. Francis, letter from, 104.
Kordes, W. T. H., letter from, 125.

Lorenz, Annie, article by, 66.
Luke, Thomas C, article by, 142.
Lumsden, David, article by, 79.

Mann, George R., letter from, 103.
Meehan, Martin, letter from, 110.
Mills, Dr. E. M., article by, 20.
Mnae. Plantier, as stock, 52.
Mount Desert, Roses of, 66.

Nash, George V., article by, 82.
New Roses of All the World, 157.
New York Botan. Rose-Garden, 82.
Norton, Harry A., letter from, 110.
Nurserymen's Agents, What Roses
They Sell, 111.

(191)

192

INDEX

Official List of American Roses, 173.
Ohio and Rose-Zone Map, 94.
Old-fashioned Roses, 31.
Our Native Roses, 34.
Own-root Roses, Discussion of, 95.
Pacific Northwest Rose Shows, 114.
Page, Courtney, article by, 149.
Pennock, S. S., articles by, 116, 136;

letter from, 110.
Peterson, G. H., article by, 64.
Pierson, W. R., article by, 129.
Pratt, Mrs. H. I., Rose-Garden, 77

(Plate XI).
Private Rose-Garden, Well-placed, 77.
Protecting Roses, 106.
Puget Sound, Rose-Garden on, 60.
Pyle, Robert, articles by, 9, 32.

Real Rose-Garden, Working Out, 72.

Roeding, George C., letter from, 55.

Roland, Thomas, article by, 143.

Rosa, species mentioned: agrestis, 31;
altaica, 27; arkansana, 29; Austrian
Brier, 27; bella, 29; canina-Moy-
esii, 30 ; coriif olia, 56 ; Engelmanii, 29 ;
ferox, 31; filipes, 30; Gentiliana, 30;
hibernica, 25; hispida, 28; Hu-
gonis, 26; inodora, 25; involuta, 25;
Jackii, 30; Jundzillii, 25; Lheritier-
ana, 31; lucida, 25; Macounii, 25;
Malyi, 29; micrantha, 25; Moyesii,
29; multibracteata, 30; multiflora
cathayensis, 30; Murielse, 25;
nitida, 25; nutkana, 25; odorata, 56;
omeiensis, 27; pulvurulenta, 25;
Seraphinii, 31; sericea, 27; setipoda,
30; Soulieana, 31; Wichuraiana, 31;
Willmottiffi, 26; xanthina, 28.

Rose-Breeding in 1920, 25.

Roses and the Retail Florist, 143.

Rose-Growing in France after the
War, 144.

Rose Stocks and Root Systems, 47.

Roses — Clergy — Churches, 20.

Roses in Antiquity, 12.

Roses, New, Index of, 157.

Roses Registered in 1920-21, 172.

Roses Round the World, 125.

Rose Trip to Pacific Northwest, 11,116.

Rose Zone Map and Ohio, 94.

Rose Zone Map vs. Rose Protection,

106.
Rosifying American Highways, 44.

Schoener, Father, mentioned, 23.
Senni, Countess Giulio, letter from, 126.
Siret, Charles, article by, 144.
Stevens, G. A., article by, 94.
Stocks for Roses, article, 47.
Stocks for Roses, Other Possible, 55.

Tacoma Rose Society mentioned, 62.
Taylor, Dr. William A., mentioned, 33.
Thomas, Capt. G. C, article by, 57;

letter from, 105.
Totty, C. H., article by, 133.
Trump, Bess E., article by, 118.
Tully Rose-Garden, 72 (Plate X).
Turbat, Mile. Therese, article by, 146.

United States, New Roses of, 162.

Van Fleet, Dr. W., articles by, 25.
Van Fleet Roses, Distribution of, 32.
Van Fleet Roses, New, described, 33.

Walls, G. W., letter from, 128.
Walter Reed Hospital Garden, 79.
Washington Garden, Select Roses

for, 89.
What Roses Do Nurserymen's Agents

Sell? HI.

This Book Helps

Every rose lover should possess a
copy of our 1920 Revised Edition of

"How To Grow Roses "

By ROBERT PYLE

a handsome cloth-bound book of 121 pages with 16 full-
color plates and 80 instructive illustrations.

This Book Tells —

— opinions of leading rose experts as
to the best selection for your section;

— how to get the right start;

■ — where to plant;

■ — how to prune, spray, fertilize and
care for your rose plants the year
around, with helpful Calendar of
Operations;

-methods of drainage, proper soil,
fertilizers, etc.;

— how to handle plants and best way
to mulch and protect them during the winter; also,

— list of 162 Roses with instructions for pruning each;

— comprehensive list of Roses arranged in classes; and,

— interesting historical rose data.

Testimonial February i, 1921

I have your valuable book, "How to Grow Roses," and to make
a long story short, I don't think I can express in words how valu-
able it is. It sure has been a big help to me.

—Ed. A. H., Toledo, Ohio

rONARD * ROSES

^^ & Jones Co., Box 99, West Grove, Pa.

Price, $1.25 Postpaid

Robert Pyle, President

Antoine Wintzer, Vice-President

Cromwell Gardens New Roses

MRS. JOHN COOK. Color, ivory-white, occasionally suffused with light pink during
cool weather but usually opening clear white in every petal. The bud is firm and of nice
formation, opening into a cup-shaped flower of enormous proportions, but without a trace
of coarseness in any stage; the large flaky petals are of splendid texture and are well rounded
in form. When well established it will produce flowers larger than Frau Karl Druschki, in
fact, larger than any everblooming Rose we know of, and it is one of the most prolific Roses
ever offered. A bed of twenty-five plants will not be without flowers from June until severe
frost. It is a strong and healthy Rose in every respect, being free from mildew and other
diseases. The growth is robust in character, branching continually from the base, producing
long-stemmed flowers of exquisite fragrance, and developing a rugged, hardy plant. Strong,
2-year plants, ready in May, $2 each, $20 per doz. Three or more plants at the dozen rate.

PILGRIM. A beautiful shade of bright rose-pink. The bud, which opens perfectly, is
long and of ideal form. A Rose of good substance and, at any stage of development, perfect
in color and form of flower. It is a fine pink garden variety with a pronounced Tea fragrance
that will attract all rose-lovers. Strong, 2-year plants, ready in May, $2 each, $20 per doz.

CRUSADER. A strong-growing variety, robust and rugged in every characteristic. The
growth is heavy and the flowers are large, beautifully formed, and produced freely through-
out the season; big and double and, in color, a rich, velvety crimson. An excellent garden
Rose. Strong, 2-year plants, ready in May, $2 each, S20 per doz.

The Golden Yellow Climbing Rose
EMILY GRAY. (Paul's.) A new and valuable acquisition to our Climbing Rose list.
The color is a beautiful shade of golden yellow. The flowers are full, quite double, and
carried on good stems. The dark glossy green foliage is ornamental at all times — the type
that we believe to be mildew-proof. It is a strong, handsome grower which we are sure will
prove very popular with all lovers of Climbing Roses. Strong plants, 2-year from 4-inch
pots, $2 each. jf y^^^ haven't our Catalog, ask for it

A. N. PIERSON, Inc., Cromwell, Connecticut

(ii)

New American Hybrid Tea Rose
William F. Dreer

A beautiful Rose of the same parentage as Los Angeles and which, for
delicacy of coloring, is incomparable with any other variety, it remind-
ing one of the delicate tints of some varieties of water lilies. The flowers,
which are similar in shape to Los Angeles, and like that variety, beautiful
in all stages of development, are at their best in the half-expanded flower.
These, in expanding, are of a delicate, silvery shell-pink. The base of
the petals are of a rich, golden-yellow which, at certain stages of develop-
ment, gives a golden suffusion to the entire flower, this golden suffusion
being particularly brilliant early and late in the season.

Dreer's Garden Book for 1921

Fully describes the above and many other choice varieties of Roses.
All in strong, two-year-old plants for outdoor planting, together with a
very complete assortment of Hardy Perennials, Garden and Greenhouse
Plants, Hardy Climbers, Aquatic Plants, Bulbs, Choice Flower and
Vegetable Seeds, Lawn Grass Seeds, Garden Requisites, etc.

A copy will be mailed free on application

HENRY A. DREER, 714-16 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

(iii)

Roses Out of Doors

Our up-to-date collection of over 150 varieties of
Roses, including all the hardy out-of-door types is
described in our 1921 Catalogue, mailed free. We want
every person who loves Roses to have a copy.

Trotted Roses a Specialty

Strong, sturdy stock, budded and on own roots, from 5- and
6-inch pots, constantly on hand for late spring and sum-
mer shipment.

^R^se (garden Furnishings

We manufacture in our Lexington shops a full line ot
Arbors, Trellises, Benches, Stakes, etc., of latest design.
Sketches and estimates furnished on request.

Breck-Robinson Nursery Co.

LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS

(iv)

'"""I'""l"l'""lll"l"ll<l"llll>"ll"llllli"lll»liil liillillliliiiilHIWIIIIII illllilllllllilllillllllllllilllllllilliililllliililllllllill Iiilllilll II

Golden Ophelia

One of the most charming yellows,
to grow in the garden. Deep glow-
ing yellow. One of the most florif-
erous ever introduced in this color,
and a variety we are sure will
please everyone.

Madame Butterfly

The glorified Ophelia. When gen-
erally distributed will be the most
popular light pink for many
years to come. Most quickly de-
scribed as a symphony in pink,
apricot and gold.

Price on the above varieties: two-year-old plants,
$2.50 each, $25 per dozen

Dormant stock delivery to May i.
S-inch Pot Plants after this date

n
CHARLES H.TOTTYCO.

MADISON . NEW JERSEY

««"«««««™«««««««« «ii™l"li™™«i«™l™™liiiiiiliilliiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

(v)

ROSES NEED

Stim-U-plariT

>OSES need food from the time growth starts in
the spring until they are nipped by frost in the fall.
— 'Continuous nourishment is required to produce
well-colored, handsome blooms and long slender stems.
Stim-U-planT supplies every need of vigorous growth,
and in addition has vital advantages which other ferti-
lizers do not possess.

Stim-U-planT, in tabloid form, enables you to feed
the roses according to their needs. A definite amount of
food may thus be applied without trouble or guesswork.
The strength is always the same.

Stim-^-planT

PLANT STIMULANT TABLET

Trade Mark Registered U. S. Patent OfiBce.

is exceedingly concentrated and its benefits are immedi-
ately available. Most other fertilizers are comparatively
slow, because their active ingredients are not in a form
acceptable to the plant. Stim-U-planT is soluble in water
and is dissolved quickly by the moisture of the soil. This
is a very important fact, as no food can be taken up by
a plant except in the form of water solutions.

Stim-U-planT is preferably applied directly to the
soil near the roots with a dibble, or it may be used as a
liquid fertilizer. No other food can be so easily handled.
Your roses will know the diflFerence. Send for descrip-
tive circular and price-list.

Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp.

80 Lafayette St., New York, U.S.A.

Bobbink S Atkins

Visit
Nursery

Ask for
Catalog

These vigorous, hardy rose bushes, grown
in our Rose Fields, are subjected to our
severe cHmate, so that you can rely upon
their hardiness and vitality.

Evergreens

Trees and Shrubs

Old-Fashioned

Flowers

We specialize in these items and have a
complete collection.

Nurserymen and Florists
RUTHERFORD NEW JERSEY

(vii)

/

DDED

Roses

STURDY
41 FIELD- GROWN

FULL OF VIGOR AND LIFE, EACH ONE A
PERFECT SPECIMEN

For Fall Delivery

We grow thousands of the leading standard
varieties in the best soil and locality for rose-
growing in California. Write for complete list
and prices.

Complete list of varieties ?nailed on application

California Nursery Co.

^"ra™""' niles, cal.

Southern Pacific
Railway

GEO. C. ROEDI NG , President

(viii)

PETERSON
ROSES

Sooner or later

you will

somehow, somewhere

learn that

PETERSON
ROSES

are the best.
*'WHY NOT NOW?"

Catalog on request

George H. Peterson

Rose and Peony Specialist
BOX 51 :: FAIR LAWN :: NEW JERSEY

Buy best Roses from the home of

LOS ANGELES"

The second American Rose
to take the highest honors dbroad

{Gold Medal in 1918 at Bagatelle Gardens in Paris)

Here are three more wonder Roses, origi-
nated by us:

"MRS. S. K. RINDGE" "LOLITA ARMOUR"
"WM. F. DREER"

In 1919 Lolita Armour won the Pacific Coast
Championship as "the best seedHng Rose
raised on the Pacific Coast." These Roses,
raised by us, are "dif¥"erent," and not dupli-
cates. They improve and grace any rose
garden, anywhere.

CALIFORNIA ROSES

will replace Holland Roses with greatersatis-
faction. We grow all the good varieties,
and we have hundreds of thousands of superb
field-grown plants. Nowhere can better
Roses be bought. Write us for catalogue.

HOWARD & SMITH

LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA

(x)

SiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiniiiiiiniiiiii

A New Rose Species — the Most Floriferous
Perfectly Hardy, Bright Yellow Rose

HUGONIS

BLOOMS TEN DAYS EARLIER THAN ANY OTHER ROSE

Mrs. W. Van Fleet, wife of Dr. W. Van Fleet, of Washington, D. C, spring
1917, said to our President, Robert Pyle: "We had Hugonis in bloom during
the last snowstorm, and I never saw a more beautiful sight."

We are constantly on the lookout for new good Roses, and we believe we
were the first Rose growers in this country to recognize the value of Hugonis.
Our original stock was secured by Mr. Pyle in 191 1, when on a visit to
England, and came direct from stock raised from seed from North Central
China. Mr. E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold Arboretum, describes Hugonis as
follows: "It is an upright-growing shrub 6 to 8 feet tall, and more in diame-
ter, with slender and spreading branches. The single, fragrant flowers, each
about 2/2 inches across, are produced all along the branches, and so freely
are they borne that the branches become yard-long sprays of soft yellow."

Hugonis is indeed the herald of Roses, and you will find it shown in
natural colors and offered in three sizes in our

1921 Spring Catalog

WRITE FOR IT TODAY

February 14, 192 1
I bought a Hugonis Rose from you in the fall and it has bloomed already
and I am delighted with it. It is indeed a beautiful rose.

— C. L. \V.. San Antonio, Texas

The

ONARD

& Jones Co.

ROBERT PYLE. President

* ROSES

West Grove, Pa.
ANTOINE WINTZER. Vice-Pres.

II I IHI I 11

(Xl)

+».««».-.-.»-

Sold by the Seedsmen of America

For over one-third of a century — that's a good while

m c

a -

O

O

So U

^ D

."I

e ^

c £

p biO
J3 o!

o

O

USED ON ROSES, CARNATIONS, ETC.

TRATtV MARK

USED ON ROSES. GRAPES. ETC.

TRADE M^I^-

a

^•i

J3 3

op n

P o
O "O

„ o

n 2L

J«

Hammond's Paint and Slug Shot Works, Beacon, N. Y.

i.««.».„.....

(xii)

Hardy QUmhing T(oses

TMAGINE, it you can, how beautiful your porch, per-
-■- gola, or fence would be with a drapery of rich green
toliage all summer long, and in June a gorgeous burst
of bloom — red, pink, white, or yellow. We can supply you
with vigorous cUmbing roses that will give just that effect
— all good varieties that are sure to grow and bloom.
Send for our catalogue today — it will interest you.

J. T. LOVETT

Box 440 Little Silver, New Jersey

(xiii)

Kill this Bug

Or Your Roses Perish

Here under the glass you see a rose-bug — the long-leg _
beetle which considers delicate rose-buds the choicest dish on
earth. He and his relations will quickly ruin any garden if you
do not destroy them. Before Melrosine came on the market
hand-picking was the only remedy.

Melrosine kills the rose-bug outright.

Melrosine is the only spray material that will kill him and
not injure the roses.

Melrosine is a liquid; one pint makes two and one-half
gallons of spray mixture. No trouble to mix; easy to apply.

Send today for descriptive circular B and price-list

Garden Cheinical Company

Park Avenue and 146th Street New York City

HUGHES ROSES

THIS HAS A SIGNIFICANCE FOR YOU

Thousands of these roses were sold to members
of the American Rose Society the past seasons,
and we have yet to receive the first complaint.

Our Hybrid Tea Roses in fifty varieties are all
two-year-old field grown and low-budded on
multiflora.

Illustrated and descriptive catalog
upon request

ROBERT E. HUGHES, Rose Specialist

WILLIAMSVILLE (Near BufFalo) NEW YORK

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Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen

Our dependable catalog
brings you the results of
our 67 years' experience.
It offers everything worth-
while for Garden, Lawn,
and Orchard.

Try hardy stock, rightly
grown, in this ideal local-
ity near Lake Erie.

The Storrs dc Harrison Co.

Box C

PAINESVILLE, OHIO

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(XV)

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riitcliin^s & Co,

Elizabeth
New Jersey

Boston
294 Washington St.

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T TYBRID TEA ROSES are the popular

f i and most satisfactory roses for growing
in the garden. They bloom from June
until November. The colors range from white
to various shades of pink, yellow and crimson.
Plant Hybrid Perpetual or June Roses in the
leading varieties, also Polyantha or Baby Ramb-
lers and Rugosa Roses and their hybrids; and
Walsh's world-famed Ramblers in fine two-
year-old stock.

For prices and descriptions, send for Handbook
of Roses which will be mailed on request

M. H. WALSH, Rose Specialist
WOODS HOLE, MASS.

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(xvi)

OREGON
ROSES

The famed Roses of Portland
(and can there possibly be any-
better roses than those which
have made Portland famous ?)

And Other Beautiful
Flowers

Write about roses and flowers you

are interested in, and for our finely

illustrated catalogue, to

CLARKE BROTHERS

Florists and Nurserymen

287 MORRISON STREET

PORTLAND • OREGON

((

WHAT is the best book on
rose-growing?" This question
constantly comes to the Editor of the American
Rose Annual. He has always pleasure in recom-
mending, because it is a very good book, ^^The
Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing^^ by
Captain George C. Thomas, Jr., whose fine work
with roses is familiar to all readers of the Annual.

The ten chapters of this beautifully illustrated rose book
tell about the location and preparation of rose beds, and of
propagation, planting, cultivation and pruning. Most im-
portant is the 72-page chapter on "The Best Varieties with
Their Characteristics," in which Captain Thomas admits the
reader fully into his wide and expensive experience. This
chapter will save money for any anxious amateur.

There is full attention to Climbing roses, and a discussion
of New Introductions and Special Classes.

This great work is now in its fifth edition. It is published
in two forms, the text being identical in both.

THE GARDEN EDITION includes 17 illustrations in full
color, and 39 in half-tone. It is cloth-bound, and of 224 pages,
plus the 56 illustrations mentioned. The price is $3, delivered.

THE DE LUXE EDITION is a most beautiful and
sumptuous book. The same number of pages have wide
margins, and are on heavy and ultra-fine paper. The full
color illustrations show 104 roses, and there are also 47
additional illustrations. This is a fine book to have, and a per-
fect present for a rose friend. The price is $7.50, delivered.

To make it easy to get either edition of this
best American book on the rose, the Editor has
arranged to have orders sent to the Annual (with
remittance) promptly filled. Send either ^3 or
I7.50 and address

American ^ose Annual

Box 687 HARRISBURG, PA.

(xviii)

Here's a New Hobby

WHILE many Roses prefer an alkaline
soil, Hicks Nurseries have other plants
that are happy in acid soils.

Hicks Nurseries have many of the new
introductions from Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica
Plain, Mass., and Highland Park,Rochester, N. Y.

Home Landscapes

with 1 6 pages in color, shows some of the beautiful
new and rare plants as Silver Bell, Japanese Dog-
wood, Japanese Yew, Enkianthus or Japanese Bell-
flower Tree, Photinia or Chinese Christmas Berry,
Cotoneaster in 6 species, Symplocos paniculata or
Chinese Turquoise Berry, Golden Chain, Blueberry,
Japanese Silver Thorn, Leucothoe, American Pillar
Rose, Father Hugo's Rose, and a good list of hardy
flowers. Many are in pots or tubs or with ball of
earth. You can have the fun of planting all the year
from Hicks Nurseries.

Home Landscapes will help you select plants to
fit. It has a cross-section of Long Island contrasted
with a limestone valley. It refers to recent literature
on the relation of plants to environment that will
help you keep your plants happy. Tall evergreens
for a wall of green around your garden, and shade
trees that save 15 years can be planted and guar-
anteed in the summer, even if shipped 1,000 miles.

HICKS NURSERIES

Box R, Westbury, Long Island, New York

(xix)

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Page
Bobbink & Atkins, Roses and Niirsery Stock vii

Breck-Robinson Nursery Co., Roses iv

California Nursery Co., Roses viii

Clarke Brothers, Roses xvii

Conard & Jones Co., The, Rose-Book, Roses i, xi

Dreer, Henry A., Inc., Roses ill

Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Fertilizer vi

Garden Chemical Company, "Melrosine" xiv

Hammond's Paint & Slugshot Works, Insecticide xii

Hicks Nurseries, Roses and Niu-sery Stock xix

Hitchings & Co., Greenhouses xvi

Howard & Smith, Roses x

Hughes, Robert E., Roses xv

Lovett, J. T., Roses xiii

Peterson, George H., Roses ix

Pierson, A. N., Inc., Roses ii

Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing xviii

Storrs & Harrison Co., The, Roses xv

Totty Co., Charles H., Roses v

Walsh, M. H., Roses xvi

ONLY ADVERTISING RELATING TO ROSES OR
GARDENS IS ADMITTED

ADDRESS FOR ADVERTISING SPACE

IN 1922 AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

BOX 687, HARRISBURG, PA.