CONN b S P 43 b .E22 P no . 973 , b Co A) A) S ■ v- Connecticut E Agricultural 5 Analysis of Experiment 5 Agricultural Feeds Station, 5 and Pet Foods Afew Haven 5 Sold in Connecticut 2000 BY MARY JANE INCORVIA MATTINA Bulletin 973 April 2001 From January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2000 the Department of Analytical Chemistry at The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station analyzed 1 15 animal feed products sold in Connecticut. The samples represented both products for domestic animals and for commercial agricultural operations. Nineteen manufacturers were represented. The products were collected by Alton van Dyke and John Schneider of the Connecticut Department of Agriculture and were analyzed by Craig Musante and Mamie Pyles under the supervision of Dr. David Stilwell. Of the total number of samples, 25 (21.7%) were found to be unsatisfactory in one or more macronutrients and/or micronutrients. A sample is reported to be unsatisfactory if the found value of a parameter differs from the label guarantee using the percent analytical variation guidelines recommended by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. In the accompanying tables are shown the results of analyses. All values are in percent unless otherwise indicated. For the macronutrients a deficiency in a guaranteed value (G) is indicated by a minus (-) sign next to the found parameter (F) value and an excess of a substance by a plus (+) sign; the same convention applies to the micronutrients. Specifically, three samples were deficient in protein; four were deficient in fat; and nineteen contained unacceptable levels of micronutrients. Analysis of Agricultural Feeds and Pet Foods 2000 Table 1. Results of analysis of animal feed products for protein, fat, fiber, and moisture, showing percent guaranteed and percent found. + means excess, - means deficiency. Sample description Protein %G %F Fat %G %F Fiber %G %F Moisture %G %F A. SMYTHE TRADING CORP. Kaytee Bay-Mor Pigeon Feed NC/15 15 16.1 2.2 5.2 12 9.9 AGWAY, INC. Agway Sheep & Goat Feed, Breeder Agway Sheep & Goat Feed for Growing, Breeding & Lactating Agway Game Bird & Turkey Grower Feed Agway Game Bird & Turkey Finisher & Maint. Agway Chick Grower Feed Agway Chick Starter Agway Egg Layer Agway Hog Feed Agway Dairy K Pellets Agway Legends 12p Pelleted Horse Feed Agway Bonanza 12 Complete Horse Feed Agway Legends 14P Horse Feed Agway Sow & Pig T-40 Agway Pig Starter Plus, Medicated Feed Agway Hi-Energy Lamb Medicated Feed 16 16 3.9 9.6 16 15.9 3 4.1 8 7 21 21.2 3 3.2 4.5 2.5 16 16.2 2.5 3.5 4 2.6 14.5 14.8 3.5 3.6 4 3 18 19.6 3 3.4 4 2.4 16 17.2 3 3.3 4 2.1 14 14.6 3.5 3.3 5 2.4 16 15.7 2.5 3.6 12.8 9.2 12 13.4 4.5 4.4 8 6.6 12.5 15.8 3.5 4 24 15.6 14 15.9 4.5 4.5 8 5.4 16 15.6 3 3.2 5.5 2.5 18 17.9 3.5 5 4.5 2.5 16 16.7 3.5 3.3 9 6.1 BLUE SEAL FEEDS, INC Blue Seal Practical Pet 21 Dog Food Blue Seal Concerto Wild Bird Food Blue Seal Caged Bird Diet, Parrot Blue Seal Milk Maker 20 Blue Seal Nature's Choice Wild Bird Feed Blue Seal Breeder Pellets Blue Seal Guinea Pig Pellets Blue Seal Pigeon Feed Blue Seal Contender Horse Feed Blue Seal Deer Pellets Blue Seal Milk-Maker 16 21 24.2 7.5 9.8 6 5.1 14 15.6 20 24.5 20 11.6 13 13.6 11 16 14 11.6 20 21.1 2 4 11 5.7 14 15 19 19.5 18 8.5 17 17.6 2.5 3.2 4.5 .2.3 20 20.2 4 4.1 16 9.7 13 14.7 2 2.1 4 2.9 16 16.8 3 4.7 7.5 4.7 16 17.8 2.5 3.6 12.5 8.3 16 17.3 2 4.1 11 5.6 12 13 I A 9.2 11.4 Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 973 Table 1 . Results of analysis of animal feed products for protein, fat, fiber, and moisture, showing percent guaranteed and percent found. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Protein Fat Fiber Moisture %G %F %G %F %G %F %G %F CARGILL, ANIMAL NUTRITION DIV. K&L300001-B Peaking #17 20.07 19.7 7.4 8.1 2.5 2.8 K&L 102705-BW Focus Heifer 30.0 29.8 4.5 5.4 7.2 7.5 K&L 102702-HC Calf 109GT 185 19.6 4.4 5 7 5.6 K&L 10070-G-BP Focus 21.8 21.7 5.2 5.4 3.2 2.9 K&L300001-F1-EB A-20# 17.7 18 5.1 5.1 2.5 1.9 K&L 100705-S Focus 26.34 27.5 5.8 6.3 4.6 4.2 K&L Dairy 16 16 18.9 3 4.2 8.75 8.6 K&L 100706-DB 31.4 32.2 7.4 7.5 2.5 2.4 K&L 100705-CP Focus 24.46 24.5 4.9 5.2 7.83 6.6 K&L 102705-CC Calf 18.06 18.5 4 4.6 8 59 K&L 300001 -B2 Chick Starter 20.3 20 4.5 5.1 3.5 3.4 CARGILL, NUTRENA DIV. Nutrena Horse Quik Ration with Roughage (ABF) 14 Nutrena Triumph 12 Horse Pellets (ABF) Nutrena Life Design Complete (ABF) Nutrena Horse Kwik 12.5% Ration (ABF) Nutrena Egg Producer Pellets (ABF) Nutrena Turkey/Game Bird Grower Pellets (ABF) 22 River Run Pro Maintenance Dog Food River Run Puppy Food Nutrena Life Design Prime 12 (ABF) Nutrena Pig & Hog Feed (ABF) Nutrena Rabbit Pellets Nutrena Top Lamb 16 Feed (ABF) (No Added Copper) Nutrena Vitality Gold 14 Horse Feed (GF) Nutrena Farr Legacy (PO) Nutrena Excel 16 Dairy Feed (ABF) Nutrena Life Design Youth (ABF) Nutrena Chick Starter (ABF) Medicated 14 15.4 2 3.9 20 14.3 12 13.8 2.5 3.9 10 10.3 14 16.1 7 6.8 8 6.2 12.5 16.2 2 3.3 20 14.2 16 16.9 3 3.9 4.5 4.1 22 23 3 4.9 6 5.6 22 24.7 12 14.3 4.5 4.4 12 5.2 28 29.3 12 11.1 3 2.4 10 5.1 12 15.1 3 3.5 15 13.1 15 156 2.5 4.1 7 4.9 16 18 2.5 3.2 16 15.3 16 16 2 3.2 11 10.2 14 15.5 9 8.8 8 4.7 12.5 13.7 9 5.7- 10 9.1 16 16.3 2.5 3.5 10 8.7 16 18.6 4 4.4 7 6.5 20 21.4 3 2.9 4 2.9 Analysis of Agricultural Feeds and Pet Foods 2000 Table 1 . Results of analysis of animal feed products for protein, fat, fiber, and moisture, showing percent guaranteed and percent found. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Protein %G %F Fat %G %F Fiber %G %F Moisture %G %F CENTRAL CONNECTICUT COOP Central 18% Central 18% Calf Pellets Central 16% Treated Pellets Central 22% Ruminator Central 28% Hi Soluble Dairy Pellets Central Hog Pellets Central 22% Hi Soluble Pellets Central Turkey Development Pellets Central Beef Pellets Central 26% Ruminator Pellets 0 18 19.2 3 4.8 8.5 5 18 19.9 3.5 3.8 16 11.5 16 17.3 3 3.7 8.5 7.8 22 22.7 3 4.3 8.5 4.3 28 26.5- 4 4.2 8.5 5.9 16 15.5 3.5 4.4 3.5 2.5 22 22 3 4.2 8.5 4.9 15 15.6 3.5 4.6 4 3.2 12 16.25 25 3.4 12 8.5 26 21- 3 6.3 8.5 4.3 IAMS CO. lams Adult Mini Chunks Dog Food 26 26.6 15 16.1 2.7 10 5.2 K.M. BROWN'S SONS, INC. Brown's Guinea Pig Food 15 16.7 3 3.6 14 10.7 15 6.9 L&M ANIMAL FARMS Vita-Vittles Golden Hamster 13 13.6 4 6.2 6 4.4 9.1 LEBANON SEABOARD CORP Lyric Quack 'n Snack 14 14 12 14.3 12 7.3 12 7.1 MANNA PRO CORPORATION Calf Manna Concentrated Ration 25 26.1 3 2.7 6 3.7 NEW ENGLAND FEEDS/ WILD BIRD FOOD CO. New England Feeds 23% Grist 23 16.8- 5 4.4- 4 3.3 OHIO BLENDERS, INC. Alfa-Bits 17 18.7 1.5- 2 27 23.5 Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 973 Table 1 . Results of analysis of animal feed products for protein, fat, fiber, and moisture, showing percent guaranteed and percent found. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Protein %G %F Fat %G %F Fiber %G %F Moisture %G %F PMI FEEDS, INC. Aquamax Grower 600 Mazuri Guinea Pig Diet #5664 41 40.7 12 13.4 4 2.9 18 19.9 4 4.3 16 13.4 PRO-PET, LLC/OHIO Muenster Perfect Balance Emu Grower Pardner Dog Food Big Red Rabbit's Choice Rabbit Food Big Red Guinea Pig Food Pro-Pet Lamb Meal & Rice Formula Dog Food Li'l Red Original Flavor Cat Dinner 18 21.3 5 6.9 7 3.6 21 24.5 7 8.8 5.5 4.1 10 8.7 15 15.7 2 2.7 18 15.8 18 20 4 4.5 15 13.1 11 8.1 23 26.3 14 13.8 3.5 2.5 10 7.1 31 33.7 10 11.4 3 1.6 11 8.9 PURINA MILLS, INC. Purina Layena Purina Start & Grow Medicated MP 0.0125% Purina Meat Builder Purina Duck Grower W/O Purina Milk Chow Special 16% Coarse Purina Goat Chow Purina Turkey Grower NT 0.01875% Purina Rabbit Chow Complete Blend Purina Animax Purina Turkey Finisher W/O Purina Lamb Developer W/O Purina Equine Adult Horse Feed Purina Hog Grower Chow OTC 50 Purina Pure-Pride #100 Purina Turkey Starter MP 0.0125 Purina Game Bird Maintenance Chow Purina Pork Finisher BMD 20 Purina Pigeon Chow Checkers Purina OstriGro Grower 16 16.7 2.5 4.1 7 5.6 17 18.9 3 5.6 5 3.9 20 20.2 3 5.6 5 3.5 16 16.4 3 4 5 3.3 16 157 2 3.9 9 4.2 16 17.8 2 4.3 9 4.7 20 19.5 3 5.1 5.5 3.5 16 16.6 1 3.2 20 18.3 28 27.5 3 4.6 6 2.8 16 16.5 3.5 4 4.5 3.6 12 14.6 1.5 3.4 18 14 12 13.9 3 2.1- 25 23.9 16 16.3 2.5 5 5 4.1 10 12.9 2.5 3 12 11 26 27.9 3 5.1 5.5 4.7 12.5 13.4 2.5 3.4 10 6.1 12 13.5 25 4.1 7 6.9 15 15.6 2.5 3.8 5.5 3.4 18 19.8 2 2.7 12 11.3 Analysis of Agricultural Feeds and Pet Foods 2000 Table 1 . Results of analysis of animal feed products for protein, fat, fiber, and moisture, showing percent guaranteed and percent found. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Protein %G %F Fat %G %F Fiber %G %F Moisture %G %F SHAGBARK LUMBER & FARM SUPPLIES Seed mix; no variety listed 14 13 8 15.9 22.6 28.62 14.7 SUNFLOWER, INC. Feathered Friend Bird Snack Wild Bird Food 1 1 12.7 10.5 7.7 12 6.6 s WAUREGAN GRAIN CO. Wauregan Layer Wauregan 16% Pork Maker Plus Wauregan Texturized 16% Wauregan Sheep & Goat Wauregan Turkey & Game Bird Grower Wauregan Rabbit Pellets Wauregan Pace-Setter Performance Plus Horse 13 Wauregan Pace-Setter Horse Feed, Equine Compl. 14 Wauregan Horse Oats Wauregan Heifer Grower Pellets, Medicated Wauregan Rabbit Pellets 16 Wauregan Mustang 14% Horse Pellets Wauregan Pace-Setter Horse Feed Growth & Dev. 16 15 15.4 3 1.9- 4 3.1 16 18.1 3 3.7 4.5 5.1 16 17.8 3 3.5 8 7.9 18 19.2 3 4.8 7 4.8 22 23.8 3.5 2.5- 4.5 3.2 20 21.3 2.5 2.6 18 127 13 13.75 5 4- 11 9.11 14 154 3 3.2 16 15.9 10 11.9 3 4.7 12 13 16 15.6 3 4 8 6.2 16 17.8 3 2.9 18 17.2 14 15 3 3.2 12 11.8 16 16.7 3 3.2 11.5 8.1 Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 973 Table 2. Results of analysis of animal feed products for micronutrients in parts per million. + means excess, - means deficiency. Sample description Micronutrients AGWAY Agway Sheep & Goat Feed, Breeder Agway Sheep & Goat Feed for Growing, Breeding & Lactating Agway Game Bird & Turkey Grower Feed Agway Game Bird & Turkey Finisher & Main! Agway Chick Grower Feed Agway Chick Starter Agway Egg Layer Agway Hog Feed Agway Dairy; K Pellets Agway Legends 12p Pelleted Horse Feed Agway Bonanza 12 Complete Horse Feed Agway Legends 14P Horse Feed Agway Sow & Pig T-40 Agway Pig Starter Plus, Medicated Feed Agway Hi-Energy Lamb Medicated Feed Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 0.8, Selenium 0.7; Sodium 0.41 Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.8; Selenium 0.6; Calcium 1.4; Phosphorus 1; Sodium 0.17; Calcium 0.9; Phosphorus 0.8; Sodium 0.16 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.7; Sodium 0.14 Calcium 0.94; Phosphorus 0.8; Sodium 0.16 Calcium 3.65; Phosphorus 0.6; Sodium 0.2 Calcium 0.92+; Phosphorus 0.6; Zinc 80.6; Selenium 0.3; Sodium 0.21 Calcium 1.6; Phosphorus 0.9; Selenium 0.7 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 50.3; Zinc 212; Selenium 1.1 Calcium 1.4; Phosphorus 0.6; Copper 37.5; Zinc 152; Selenium 0.6 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 50.8; Zinc 220; Selenium 0.8 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.8; Zinc 95; Selenium 0.4; Sodium 0.18 Calcium 1.12; Phosphorus 0.8; Zinc 65; Selenium 0.3; Sodium 0.17 Calcium 1.5; Phosphorus 0.8, Selenium 0.4, Sodium 0.21 BLUE SEAL FEEDS, INC Blue Seal Milk Maker 20 Blue Seal Breeder Pellets Blue Seal Guinea Pig Pellets Blue Seal Contender Horse Feed Blue Seal Milk-Maker 16 Calcium 1.3; Phosphorus 1; Selenium 0.5 Calcium 3.1; Phosphorus 0.5; Calcium 1.13; Phosphorus 0.8 Calcium 1.04; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 32.5; Zinc 172; Selenium 0.5 Calcium 1.3; Phosphorus 0.9; Selenium 0.7 CARGILL, ANIMAL NUTRITION DIV. K&L300001-B Peaking #17 K&L 102705-BW Focus Heifer K&L 102702-HC Calf 109GT K&L 10070-G-BP Focus K&L 300001-F1-EB A-20# K&L 100705-S Focus K&L Dairy 16 Calcium 3.9 Calcium 0.8 Calcium 1.1 Calcium 1.6 Calcium 4.5 Calcium 1.9 Calcium 1.7 Phosphorus 0.7 Phosphorus 1.1 Phosphorus 0.9 Phosphorus 0.7 Phosphorus 0.7 Phosphorus 0.6 Phosphorus 0.9 Sodium 0.07- Potassium; 1 Selenium 1.2; Sodium 1.1 Sodium 0.17 Sodium 1.3 Selenium 0.5; Sodium 0.7 Analysis of Agricultural Feeds and Pet Foods 2000 Table 2. Results of analysis of animal feed products for micronutrients in parts per million. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Micronutrients K&L 100706-DB K&L 100705-CP Focus K&L 102705-CC Calf K&L 300001-B2 Chick Starter Calcium 4.5+; Phosphorus 0.6; Selenium 0.5-; Sodium 3. Calcium 1.4; Phosphorus 0.8; Selenium 0.7; Sodium 1 Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.9; Potassium; 1 Calcium 0.74; Phosphorus 0.7; Sodium 0.3+ CARGILL, NUTRENA DIV. Nutrena Horse Quik Ration with Roughage (ABF) Nutrena Triumph 12 Horse Pellets (ABF) Nutrena Life Design Complete (ABF) Nutrena Horse Kwik 12.5% Ration (ABF) Nutrena Egg Producer Pellets (ABF) Nutrena Turkey/Game Bird Grower Pellets (ABF) River Run Puppy Food Nutrena Life Design Prime 12 (ABF) Nutrena Pig & Hog Feed (ABF) Nutrena Rabbit Pellets Nutrena Top Lamb 16 Feed (ABF) (No Added Copper) Nutrena Vitality Gold 14 Horse Feed (GF) Nutrena Farr Legacy (PO) Nutrena Excel 16 Dairy Feed (ABF) Nutrena Life Design Youth (ABF) Nutrena Chick Starter (ABF) Medicated Calcium 1.3; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 23-; Zinc 107-; Selenium 0.4 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 23-; Zinc 143; Selenium 0.7 Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 35; Zinc 190; Selenium 0.5 Calcium 1.14; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 25-; Zinc 135; Selenium 0.5 Calcium 3.9; Phosphorus 0.9, Sodium 0.14 Calcium 0.8; Phosphorus 1.3; Sodium 0.2 Calcium 2.3; Phosphorus 1.5 Calcium 1.4+; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 33; Selenium 0.8 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 0.9; Zinc 150; Selenium 0.4; Sodium 0 2 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 0.8; Sodium 0.17 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.6; Sodium 1.2+ Calcium 1.3; Phosphorus 1.2; Copper 69; Zinc 204; Selenium 0.3 Calcium 1; Phosphorus 0.6; Copper 16-; Zinc 112; Selenium 0.3 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 1; Potassium; 1; Selenium 0.5; Sodium 0.4 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 1; Copper 25-; Zinc 1 14-; Selenium 0.7 Calcium 1.4+; Phosphorus 0.9; Sodium 0.16 MANNA PRO CORPORATION Calf Manna Concentrated Ration Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 23.2; Zinc 141; Selenium 0.15 NEW ENGLAND FEEDS/ WILD BIRD FOOD CO. New England Feeds 23% Grist Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.9; Potassium; 1; Selenium 0.9 10 Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 973 Table 2. Results of analysis of animal feed products for micronutrients in parts per million. + means excess, - means deficiency (continued). Sample description Micronutrients PMI FEEDS, INC. Aquamax Grower 600 Calcium 2.6+; Phosphorus 1.7; Sodium 0.26- PRO-PET, LLC/OHIO Muenster Perfect Balance Emu Grower Big Red Rabbit's Choice Rabbit Food Calcium 2.8+; Phosphorus 1.5; Sodium 0.21- Calcium 0.9; Phosphorus 0.7; PURINA MILLS, INC. Purina Layena Purina Start & Grow Medicated MP 0.0125% Purina Meat Builder Purina Duck Grower W/O Purina Milk Chow Special 16% Coarse Purina Goat Chow Purina Turkey Grower NT 0.01875% Purina Rabbit Chow Complete Blend Purina Animax Purina Turkey Finisher W/O Purina Lamb Developer W/O Purina Equine Adult Horse Feed Purina Hog Grower Chow OTC 50 Purina Pure-Pride #100 Purina Turkey Starter MP 0.0125 Purina Game Bird Maintenance Chow Purina Pork Finisher BMD 20 WAUREGAN GRAIN CO. Wauregan Layer Wauregan Texturized 16% Calcium 4.1, Phosphorus 0.7 Calcium 0.9; Phosphorus 0.8 Calcium 1.0; Phosphorus 0.8 Calcium 0.6; Phosphorus 0.7 Calcium 0.7; Phosphorus 0.7; Selenium 0.6 Calcium 1.2; Phosphorus 0.8, Copper 41 + ; Selenium 0.7 Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.8 Calcium 1.1; Phosphorus 0.6 Calcium 1.7; Phosphorus 1; Potassium; 1.4; Copper 41; Zinc 207; Selenium 0 4 Calcium 0.8; Phosphorus 0.7 Calcium 0.7; Phosphorus 0.5; Selenium 0.4 Calcium 0.96; Phosphorus 0.6; Copper 27; Zinc 136; Selenium 0.5 Calcium 0.7; Phosphorus 0.7; Zinc 96; Selenium 0.3 Calcium 0.9; Phosphorus 0.7; Copper 34; Zinc 175; Selenium 0.6 Calcium 1.5 Calcium 0.8 Calcium 0.8 Phosphorus 1.2 Phosphorus 0.7 Phosphorus 0.8, Zinc 120; Selenium 0.4 Wauregan Pace-Setter Performance Plus Horse Calcium 4.4; Phosphorus 0.45 Calcium 1.2, Phosphorus 0.8; Magnesium, 0.35; Potassium; 1.2; Sulfur; 0.3 Calcium 1.5+; Phosphorus 1; Copper 59; Zinc 240; Selenium 0.8 Wauregan Pace-Setter Horse Feed, Equine Compl. Calcium 1.4+; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 16. 2-; Zinc 85-; Selenium 0.4 Wauregan Mustang 14% Horse Pellets Calcium 1.5+; Phosphorus 0.9; Copper 26-; Zinc 145; Selenium 0.5 Wauregan Pace-Setter Horse Feed Growth & Dev. Calcium 1.4+; Phosphorus 0.8; Copper 14. 8-; Zinc 83.8-; Selenium 0.5 University of Connecticut Libraries 39153027757600 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, ancestry, national origin, sex, religious creed, age, political beliefs, sexual orientation, criminal conviction record, genetic information, learning disability, present or past history of mental disorder, mental retardation or physical disability including but not limited to blindness, or marital or family status. To file a complaint of discrimination, write Director, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1 106, New Haven, CT 06504, or call (203) 974-8440. CAES is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Persons with disabilities who require alternate means of communication of program information should contact the Station Editor at (203) 974-8446 (voice); (203) 974-8502 (FAX); or paul.gough@po.state.ct.us (E-mail) WB :-. , •.•,■?' ,.:.-' mm 'yw--P. mWm mm I r-it' m ml &KJ t*R Ifl Mw 3k» mil :^' £» S & •:"?■'■'' :•;■;.,;/'. :,, ami! 'fit ■ ■.'■'■'•■' M HHHi W! usis ■ $-m. 7dm SsloSS iK,V© Ill 3m w 8 ■-■'■,-; 1 '•■?,■■'• Si TJ •■•.-, nun fsfj •■.■■'.'•'*" ■■■'/.'■■.•• '■'•'.. ■'• -,■■■ S5X4 ML mi 11W E»K mmk m &$ >flSB i-A'. 1 W3RI 1 ■■<■.■: .■-.-vr