*. ^.J#*!
1»
^0^ -.0^.
s^^^
::- ^-:
:CM!
|
TY OF TORONTO 30861786 |
|
■ ^ |
|
1 - |
|
1 „ |
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2007 witii funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
littp://www.arcliive.org/details/ancientfragmentsOOcoryuoft
THE
ANCIENT FRAGMENTS;
CONTAINING
WHAT REMAINS OF THE WRITINGS OF
SANCHONIATHO, BEROSSUS, ABYDENUS, MEGASTHENES, AND MANETHO.
ALSO
THE HERMETIC CREED, THE OLD CHRONICLE,
THE LATERCULUS OF ERATOSTHENES,
THE TYRIAN ANNALS,
THE ORACLES OF ZOROASTER,
AND THE PERIPLUS OF HANNO.
BY I. P. CORY, ESQ.
FELLOW OF CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE-
LONDON :
WILLIAM PICKERING.
MDCCCXXVIII.
PREFACE,
In presenting this collection of Ancient Frag- ments to the world, some explanation of what is comprehended under that title is not altogether unnecessary. We are accustomed to regard the Hebrew scriptures, and the Greek and Latin writings, as the only certain records of antiquity : yet there have been other languages, in which have been written the annals and the histories of other countries. Where then are those of Assyria and Babylon, of Persia and Egypt and Phoenicia, of Tyre and Carthage ? Of the literature of all these mighty empires where are even the remains ? It will, no doubt, tend to excite some reflections of a melancholy cast, to look on this small volume as an answer. That they are all contained in it, I should be unwilhng to assert : yet, with some dili- gence and research, I have not been able to dis- cover other fragments, which I could consider sufficiently authenticated, to increase its size.
It was my wish to have included in this collec- tion all the fragments of the earlier Gentile world, which have reached us through the medium of the
b
11
Greek language. Of the early historians of Greece the names only of some have come down to us ; whilst of others, such as Eupolemus and Histiaeus, several very interesting fragments have escaped the general wreck. In the classic ages of their literature, the acquaintance of the Greek historians with antiquity is generally confined and obscure : nor was it till the publication of the Septuagint, that they turned their attention to the antiquities of their own and the surrounding nations : and for this reason we meet with more certain notices of ancient history in the later, than in the earlier times of Greece. To have drawn a line then, to have inserted the earlier writers to the exclusion of the later, would have been to omit the more valuable. To have reprinted the fragments of many authors, such as Nicolaus Damascenus, a writer of Damas- cus, of the Augustan age, would have introduced, with some matter worthy of attention, much of little interest. To have selected from them all, the passages relating to ancient times and foreign states, would have been a task as useless as labo- rious, and would have swelled the collection to a series of volumes. I have therefore excluded all native Greek historians — and every writer of the Augustan age and downwards — I have also omit- ted all fragments which bear about them the stamp of forgery, or are the productions of Hel- lenistic Jews ; or of authors who have had access to the sacred Scriptures, and following the words
Ill
throw no additional light upon the subjects : under one or other of which divisions may be classed the Antediluvian books of Enoch, the large fragments of Artapanus, the Sibylline Oracles, the correspon- dence of Solomon and Hiram king of Tyre, the tragedy of Ezekiel in which Moses figures as the hero, with several compositions of a similar description.
The contents then of this volume are Frag- ments which have been translated from foreign languages into Greek ; or have been quoted or transcribed by Greeks from foreign authors ; or have been written in the Greek language by foreigners who have had access to the archives of their own respective countries. They are arranged under the following heads : the Phoenician, the Chaldaean, the Egyptian, the Tyrian, the Persian, and the Carthaginian.
In the following review of these ancient wri- ters, I have passed from themselves into a slight examination of their works: not with a view of entering at all into the details, but merely to call the attention to some few great landmarks, which stand prominently forth amidst what might other- wise be deemed a wild, pathless and interminable. For the most ample and satisfactory explanation of the whole, I must refer to the inimitable works of Mr. Faber and Bryant.
Under the first head is contained only the Phce-
IV
nician Theology of Sanchoniatho, who is consi- dered to be the most ancient writer of the heathen world. In what age he wrote is uncertain: but his history was composed in the Phoenician lan- guage, and its materials collected from the archives of the Phoenician cities. It was translated into Greek by Philo Byblius, and for the preservation of these fragments we are indebted to the care of Eusebius. I have deviated but httle from the quaint translation of Bishop Cumberland, gene- rally so far only as to render it more consonant with the text of Stephen, or to substitute more mo- dern expressions for phrases become now almost obsolete.
The cosmogony is one of those jargons of The- ology and Physics, which were refined by the later heathens into some resemblance of the sublimest mystery of the Christian faith. As the most an- cient, it is the most valuable ; and as it speaks more plainly than the rest, it affords a key to their interpretation.
The generations contain many very curious pas- sages. They are the only well authenticated hea- then account of the times before the flood.
In the first generation is an allusion to the fall : in the second Genus may be Cain : after which we lose the traces of similarity : at the fifth there is an interruption. But taking up the thread of inquiry, at the end of the first fine, in Taautus or Thoyth, we may perhaps recognize Athothis, the second
king of Egypt, the Hermes Trismegistus, who ap- pears again as the adviser of Cronus. His prede- cessor Misor, corresponds then with Mizra'im, the first king of Egypt, the Menes and Mines of the dynasties. In the preceding generation is Amynus, Ammon, or Ham, the same with the Cronus, of what is supposed a different hue. An ascent higher we find, Agrus, the husbandman, who was worshipped in Phoenicia as the greatest of the gods: he corresponds with Noah, the Ouranus of the other hue, whose original name was Epigeus or Autochthon, a name of similar import with Agrus. There is also some slight appearance of identity between Hypsistus, the father of Autoch- thon or Ouranus, and Geinus Autochthon, the father of Agrus.
The generations conclude with an intimation, that they contain the real history of those early times, stripped of the fictions and allegories with which it had been obscured by the son of Thabion, the first hierophant of Phoenicia. That such is the case we are assured by Philo Byblius, in the re- marks on Sanchoniatho with which he prefaces his translation of the work. The passage also informs us that the history thus disguised was handed down to Isiris, the brother of Chna, the first Phoenician. Bishop Cumberland conjectures that this Isiris is the Osiris of the Egyptian worship, and with greater probabihty supposes him the same with Mizraim, the son of Ham, who was the
VI
brother of Canaan. But he strangely wanders from the truth in his researches after the son of Tha- bion. If the legends were handed down to Isiris, the son of Ham, they must have been handed down by one of the predecessors of this Isiris, that is by Noah, or one of his own sons: Thabion is de- rived from Theba the Ark, and in the phraseology of Bryant is equivalent to the Arkite : it is a title of Noah : therefore the first hierophant of Phoenicia was a son of Noah, a predecessor of Mizra'im and Ca- naan, an inhabitant also of Phoenicia, in short was Ham himself. And it is some confirmation, indirect enough it must be owned, of the very prevalent belief in the apostacy of that patriarch.
This fragment is succeeded by a stricture on the propensity of the Greeks for allegory. Several of these strictures occur in the course of the ex- tract. I have generally omitted them as they ap- pear to be the words ofPhilo, the translator, and could never have been those of so early a writer as Sanchoniatho. But to exhibit the argument in the adverse light, it may be urged, that since these strictures on the Greeks occur, Sanchoniatho could not have written in such ancient times. Be that as it may, the passages have no connection with the history, and at any rate were not contained in the Phoenician records.
The last fragment, upon the mystical sacrifice of the Phoenicians, is so singular, that I cannot for- bear inserting the conclusion of Bryant's disser-
Vll
tation on the subject. After having shewn that this is the only sacrifice among the ancients, which is termed mystical ; and that Cronus, the personage who offers it was the chief deity of the Phoenicians ; and moreover, that it could not relate to any previous transaction, he concludes thus : —
'" The mystical sacrifice of the Phoenicians had these requisites, that a prince zvas to offer it ; and his only son was to be the victim : and as I have shewn that this could not relate to any thing prior; let us consider what is said upon the subject, as future, and attend to the consequence. For if the sacrifice of the Phoenicians was a type of another to come ; the nature of this last will be known from the representation, by which it was prefigured. A c- cording to this. El, the supreme deity, whose asso- ciates were the Elohim,* was in process of time to have a son, aya.T.-nrov well-beloved : [Aw^yevr,, his only begotten : who was to be conceived (of ava-^r), as some render it, of gi^ace : but according to my in- tei'pretation, oi the fountain of light. He was to be called Jeoud whatever that name may relate to ; and to be offered up as a sacrifice to his father Kv-i-pov, by way of satisfaction, and redemption, riiJi.t.'po'i Saj,M.(io-«, to atone for the siiis of others, and avert the just ven- geance of God ; avTt Ttii Travrccv (pBopai, tO prCVCUt Uui-
versal corruption, and at the same time, ge?ie?^al ruin. And it is farther remarkable ; he was to make
* See page 11.
VUl
the grand sacrifice l^aa-iKmrj} <rxr,aotTi My.o<riA.'»]fAtvoi, invested with the emblems of roijaUij. These surely are very strong expressions : and the whole is an aggregate of circumstances highly significant, which caniiot he the result of chance. All, that I have requested to be allowed me in the process of this recital, is this simple supposition, that this mystical sacrifice was a type of something to come : how truly it corresponds to that, which I imagine it alludes to, I submit to the reader's judgment. I think, it must be neces- sarily esteemed a most wonderful piece of history." Sanchoniatho wrote also a history of the ser- pent. A single fragment of which is preserved by Eusebius.
The Chaldaean Fragments are chiefly from Be- rossus and Megasthenes.
Berossus, a Babylonian, flourished in the reign of Alexander, and lived some time at Athens : and according to many wrote his Chaldaean history in the Greek language. As a priest of Belus he possessed every advantage, which the records of the temple and the learning and traditions of the Chaldasans could afford ; and seems to have com- posed his work with a serious regard for truth. He has sketched his history of the earlier times from the representations on the walls of the temples : from written records and traditionary knowledge, he learned several points too well authenticated to be called in question ; and correcting the one by
IX
the other has produced the strange history before us.
The first fragment, a catalogue of the Chaldaean Kmgs, has been preserved by Apollodorus ; and the second, another version of the same with an epi- tome of the account of the deluge, by Abydenus, a disciple of Aristotle. The large extract preserved by Alexander Polyhistor, is extremely valua- ble ; and contains a store of very curious informa- tion.
The first book of the history opens naturally enough with a description of Babylonia. Then referring to the paintings, the author finds the first series a kind of preface to the rest. All men of every nation appear assembled in Chaldaea : among them is introduced a character, who is represented as their instructor in the arts and sciences, and in- forming them of the events, which had previously taken place. Unconscious that Noah is represented under the character of Oannes, Berossus describes him, from the hieroglyphical delineation, as a being literally compounded of a fish and man, and as passing the natural, instead of the diluvian, night in the sea, with other circumstances indicative of his character and life.
The instructions of the Patriarch are detailed in the next series of paintings. In the first of which, I conceive, the Chaos is portrayed by the confusion of the limbs of every kind of animal : the second represents the creation of the universe : the third
c
the formation of mankind : others again that of animals, and of the heavenly bodies.
The second book appears to have comprehended the history of the ante-diluvian world : and in this the two first fragments ought to have been insert- ed. The historian seems to have confounded the history of the world with that of Chaldsea. He finds nine persons, probably represented as kings, pre- ceding Noah, who is here again introduced under the name of Xisuthrus, and supposes that the re- presentation was of the first dynasty of the Chal- daean kings. From the universal consent of history and tradition he was well assured that Alorus or Orion, the Nimrod of the Scriptures, was the founder of Babylon and the first king : conse- quently he places him at the top, and Xisuthrus follows as the tenth. The destruction of the records by Nabonnasar left him to fill up the intermediate names as he could : and who are inserted, is not so easy to determine. If they are the predecessors of Noah ; who are the Annedoti that appear to them ? or can these appearances relate to any ante-dilu- viai;i transactions of the Patriarch ? If they are the successors of Nimrod, the appearances of the An- nedoti may refer to visits of the Patriarch and his sons : yet every remnant of the heathen accounts, which in anywise relates to this subject, affirms the violent destruction of the tower of Babel, the dispersion of its builders, and the long subsequent desolation of the city.
There is^ however, a dynasty of Chaldsean kings, handed down as some suppose by Berossus, of which the following is a hst of the names.
1. ^vtix^i Evechous 6 Years.
2. Xoaao-foXof ChomaSbolus 7 Years.
3. n&)(joc Porus 35 Years.
4. Ncxw^ij? Nechobes 43 Years.
5. A^io? Abius 45 Years.
6. Ovt^aXXo? Oniballus 40 Years.
7. Zjv^</)0{ Zinzirus 45 Years. These Mr. Faber conjectures to have been the
immediate descendants and successors of Nimrod in Nineveh, the new seat of his empire after the catastrophe at Babylon ; and that the long con- tinuation of Assyrian monarchs are the descendants of the same patriarch but of a younger branch. Bryant fancies he recognizes among them the pre- decessors of Nimrod, and thinks the hst altogether spurious.
There is also a dynasty of Arabian kings of Chal- daea, who seem to have taken possession of Babylon during the long period of its desolation, and to have reigned there independent of the Assyrian empire. They were six in number, five of whose names are preserved.
1. MapSousvTijc Mardocentes 45 Years,
2. 2«(r</x(;tSa>co? Sisimadacus 28 Years.
3. Va.tioii Gabius 37 Years. . 4. na/)avvo5 Parannus 40 Years.
5. Na^ayva^oj Nabonnabus 25 Years.
6 41 Years.
They are to be found in Syncellus.
Xll
The history of the flood is very interesting, and wonderfully consonant with the Mosaic account. It mentions also the circuitous route of the human race from Armenia to the plains of Shinar.
The fragment on the Tower of Babel is gene- rally quoted as from Abydenus. Whether it is part of his own work, the Assyrian history, or was extracted by him from Berossus, or transcribed from the Scriptures is extremely questionable : in- deed it has much the air of a forgery.
The small fragment (page 32) is supposed by Eusebius, who quotes it, to relate to Abraham. Nor is this improbable : a similar passage is found in Nicolaus Damascenus, which mentions the patriarch by name, and styles him King of Damas- cus, a title which is given him by other writers.
The other fragments of Berossus are well authenticated history, and throw some light upon the scriptural account of the same persons and transactions. It may be observed that Belshazzar, represented in Daniel, as the son of Nebuchadnez- zar, is Neriglissoor, who married the daughter, and afterwards conspired against and slew the son of that monarch ; succeeded to the kingdom ; and was himself taken off by violence. Nabonnedus corres- ponds with Darius the Mede, who afterwards took the kingdom, and was conquered by Cyrus.
The last fragment is from Megasthenes, a Per- sian, who wrote an Indian history a few years subsequently to Berossus. The prophecy of Nebu-
xni
chadnezzar apparently alludes to some public noti- fication of Daniel's interpretation of his dream. The Mede he mentions may be Nabonnedus, the Darius of the Scripture.
The singular creed, which stands first of the Egyptian fragments, was transcribed by Jam- blichus, from the Hermetic books. It is an exposition of that first principle of the heathen theology, which, with its hypostases, was so largely, insisted upon by the school of Plato ; and, accord- ing to them, so continually passed over in silent reverence by the earliest heathens.
I have retained the translation of Jones of Nayland, from his Philosophical Disquisitions ; and which may be found also in his answer to the Essay on Spirit : and I may refer to those works for the most intelligible and satisfactory exposition of this, and of the other heathen trinities.
Previously to the dispersion at Babel, the apos- tates from the primitive worship were divided into two sects, whose religion Mr. Faber commonly dis- tinguishes by the titles of Buddhism and Brahmen- ism. They differed not so much in the original objects of their adoration, as in their form of wor- ship. While the latter descended to the intro- duction of images, and diverged with every kind of poly theistical absurdity ; the former stopped content with a more simple scheme of theology ; and in some countries, such as Persia, an almost pure Sa- bianism was jealously preserved. Both were widely
XIV
diffused and often, as in Egypt and Greece, amal- gamated into one. The more elaborate and cor- rupted system of Brahmenism would catch the attention of the casual observer as the religion of the land ; while the deeper doctrines, which in- volved much of the Buddhic theology, were wrap- ped in mystery, and communicated only to the initiated.
That the heathen trinities are often variations of the Patriarchs, the Divi of the ancient worship, who were canonized under the titles of Ouranus, Cronus, Jupiter, &c. combined with the ark and other symbols, is demonstrated by Mr. Faber and others, too clearly to admit of doubt : yet, still more fre- quently, when stripped of their theological dress, will they resolve themselves into some mere phy- sical principle of nature, or its powers : of which the present collection affords other decisive instan- ces both in Sanchoniatho and Zoroaster. Among the ancient heathens the Chaos was an object of veneration ; it was looked upon as the first great principle, and usually occupies the first place, in those creeds which bear a trinitarian aspect. The other persons of the Triad are equally material : the second is frequently the Sun, or the Light, or rather Ether, the Soul of the World, or the great Patriarch himself: and the third, the Host of Heaven, the Stars, the Soul of the World, or the consecrated Daemons. There was a foundation of Materialism, on which was raised a superstructure of Idolatry.
XV
In the classic ages of Greece and Rome appeared a race of philosophers, who, while they submitted to superstitions which they sometimes scorned, must be allowed to have lifted up their minds to truth, as high as unassisted reason might avail. A Christian may despise, as rank idolatry, the weak- ness or hypocrisy, which could bow down before the images, and pray to the departed spirits of their patriarchal Divi, either as agents or intercessors ; but he must admit that their aspirations towards the first great cause soared far above materialism, and were wholly directed to a sublimer object of ve- neration. By them the ancient creeds were made to speak a loftier language, which was foreign to their original import; and upon the promulgation of Christianity they were again remodelled and re- fined into a further resemblance of its mysteries. And such has probably been the fate of the Her- metic creed before us.
The old Egyptian Chronicle, preserved by Syn- cellus, is a valuable guide and index to the dynas- ties that follow.
The first fragment of Manetho, his Epistle to Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, gives an ac- count of the author and his work. His history was composed by order of that king in emulation of the Septuagint : and its materials collected, un- der the royal command, from all the records of the kingdom. All that remains is an epitome of the dynasties, and two large extracts; the first
XVl
concerning the Shepherd kings, and the other upon the Israehtes.
In the dynasties I have followed the text of Africanus, as quoted by Syncellus, in preference to that of Eusebius who has sadly defaced it. The general outline is the same, though the names of the kings, and the length of their respective reigns frequently differ, as well as the collocation and num- bers of the dynasties. I have availed myself of the text of Eusebius to correct grammatical errors ; but where any material difference occurs, I have inserted the variation in a parenthesis, or observed it in a note. The numerical letters or figures I have given from Africanus without noticing those of Eusebius as very little dependence can be placed on either.
The Laterculus or Canon of the Kings of Thebes was compiled from the archives of that city by Eratosthenes, the librarian to Ptolemy Phila- delphus. It is to be found in Syncellus and other writers.
From these fragments, as explained by the in- genious dissertations of Bryant and Mr. Faber, we may collect an outline of the early history of Egypt. It appears then that after the dispersion from Babel the children of Mizraim went off to Egypt ; of which they continued in the undisturbed enjoyment for about two centuries and a half. The first fourteen dynasties have given rise to various hypotheses. Bryant, using the Old Chronicle as
XVll
an authority, lops them all off at once as spurious. There is nevertheless great reason to suppose that the first, or at least part of it, is genuine. Menes, Mines, or Mizor, tlie Mizraim of the Scriptures, and the planter of the nation, is naturally placed as the first sovereign of the united realm : and perhaps the dominion of Athothis was equally extensive ; for his name occurs both in the Laterculus of the Theban Kings, and in Sanchoniatho. After him the country seems to have been divided into seve- ral independent monarchies ; some of whose princes may perhaps be found among the thirteen dynasties that follow.
The first fragment from Josephus, gives an ac- count of the invasion and expulsion of a race of foreigners, who were styled Hycsos or Shepherd Kings. They were a branch of the warlike family of the Cuthites, who took advantage of the divi- ded state of Egypt, and conquered it with little difiiculty. They retained possession for nearly two hundred and sixty years ; when they were expelled by a combination of the native princes under Thum- mosis, king of Thebes. The Shepherds are placed as the fifteenth dynasty, and Thummosis and his successors, correspond accurately with Amos the first king and his successors of the eighteenth dy- nasty Very shortly after the expulsion of the shep- herds, Joseph and the children of Israel, came down into Egypt, and were settled in the land of Goshen, the Avaris, which had been evacuated by the Shep-
d
XVlll
herds ; where they seem to have hved more than a century on terms of the greatest amity with the Egyptians, till a second invasion of the Shepherds reduced them to a state of slavery. Of this inva- sion the second extract gives an account, and places it in the reign of Amenophis, Vy^hom the historian identifies with Amenophis the third, by making him the predecessor of Sethos his son, whom we find the first of the nineteenth dynasty, and who was named Ramesses, after Rampses the father of Amenophis. According to the fragment, the Shepherds effected the conquest in alhance with the Israelites, with whom they reigned conjointly thirteen years, during which time Amenophis, with multitudes of his subjects, retired into Ethio- pia. By a comparison of the fragment with the Mosaic account, and some passages relative to the same transactions in Diodorus, Herodotus, and Ta- citus, Mr. Faber has extracted the following parti- culars; that instead of thirteen years, one hundred and six must be allotted to the duration of the second shepherd dynasty ; the five hundred and eleven years mentioned by Manetho, being the complete interval between the first invasion and final expulsion : that the native Egyptians and Israelites were equally oppressed under their sway : that the Pyramids were constructed by the joint labours of the conquered, at the command of Cheops, one of the Shepherd kings : and that the Exodus of the Israelites, and destruction of the
1
XIX
Shepherd's power were effected at the same time, by the passage of the Red Sea. After the power of the Shepherds was broken by that catastrophe, the native princes returned, and seem to have had some difficulty in expelling the remnant of the Shepherd tribe ; which was finally effected by Sethosis, in the emigration of the Danai to Greece.
The second invasion then must have taken place in the reign of Amenophis the second ; and the return of the Egyptian kings from Ethiopia, in the person of Amenophis the third, who has been con- founded with his predecessor. The kings of the second dynasty of Shepherds, seem to have been but two, Cheops and Chephren according to Hero- dotus, the Chemmis and Cephren of Diodorus. They correspond apparently with Suphis, and Su- phis the second which are placed in the fourth of the dynasties of Manetho. The second dynasty of Shepherds, was in reality the fourth dynasty of Egypt, which is expressly stated to have been Mem- phites of a different race : and of these Suphis the first is said by Africanus, to be the same as Cheops. By turning also to the Laterculus we may observe, at the fifteenth, a change of dynasty from Theban Egyptian to Theban kings : and in Saophis and Sensaophis or rather Saophis the second, we may recognise the same persons reigning as the kings of Thebes. The Mencheres of Manetho, who fol- lows Suphis, is probably the Mycerinus of Dio-
XX
dorus and Herodotus, and the Moscheris of Era- tosthenes ; and a similarity in the names of his successors to those of the successors of Acherres* in the eighteenth, may induce us to suppose they were the same persons, the exiled princes of Egypt, the contemporaries and not the successors of the second race of Shepherd kings. If any reliance may be placed upon the numbers, another argument might be drawn from the sum of the united reigns which amounts in all the three cases to something more than a century. For a very ingenious theory, I may also refer to the Egyptian Mythology of Pritchard, in which he separates the Theban, Memphite, Thinite, Elephantine, Xoite, and He- racleotic dynasties from each other, and looks upon them as independent and often contemporaneous dynasties.
The Tyrian Annals are fragments, which were quoted by Josephus from the now extinct histories of Dius and Menander. They agree perfectly with the scriptural accounts, and furnish some curious particulars in addition. The date of the founda- tion of Carthage, it may be observed is accurately fixed.
The fragments of Zoroaster are generally known
* Possibly the name was Cheres or Ares, varied by the com- mon prefixes of Men, Ach, &c.
XXI
by the title of the Chaldaic Oracle of Zoroaster. A few of them were first published by Ludovicus Tiletanus at Paris, with the commentaries of Pletho ; to which were subsequently added those of Psellus. The rest were collected by Franciscus Patricius from the works of Proclus, Hermias, Sim- plicius, Damascius, Synesius, Olympiodorus, Nice- phorus, and Arnobius ; and published together with the Hermetic Books at the end of his Nova Philo- sophia. Stanley in his lives of the Philosophers, has given the complete collection of the oracles, with a translation into English, to which I have generally adhered.
Great doubts have been entertained respecting the authenticity of these oracles : but the variety of authors by whom they have been quoted, and throughout whose works they lie dispersed, speaks something in their favour. That they were the forgery of some Gnostic, is an opinion which Stan- ley thinks sufficiently refuted by the great vene- ration in which they were held by the Platonic school.
The oracles of Zoroaster, if not genuine extracts, at least contain the genuine doctrine of the Sabogan Theology. The writings which are extant under the title of the Hermetic books though of a far more suspicious character, and evidently the com- positions of a later age, have by several eminent writers been also supposed to contain the real doc- trines of the Egyptian Buddhists. Both savour per-
XXll
haps too strongly of the Platonic philosophy : but that peculiar phraseology, by which the materiality of their subject is sublimated into a spiritual form, must be attributed to the Greek translators, who had deeply imbibed the doctrines of that school.
The Periplus of Hanno is an account of the ear- hest voyage of discovery extant. It was taken from an original and apparently official document which was suspended in the temple of Saturn, at Carthage. Mr. Falconer has edited it as a separate work, and gives two dissertations on it ; the first, explanatory of its contents ; and the second, a refu- tation of Mr. Dodwell's reflections on its authen- ticity. I have followed Mr. Falconer both in his text and translation. With respect to its age, Mr. Falconer agrees with Bougainville in referring it to the sixth century before the Christian era.
The Periplus is prefaced by a few lines, reciting a decree of the Carthaginians relative to the voyage and its objects : and is then continued as a narrative, by the commander or one of his com- panions, which commences from the time the fleet had cleared the straits of Gibraltar. Mr. Bougain- ville has given a chart of the voyage, which may be found, together with the corresponding maps of Ptolemy and D'Anville, in Mr. Falconer's treatise. It may be sufficient however, to remark that Thy- miaterium, the first of the colonies planted by Hanno, occupies a position very nearly, perhaps precisely the same with that of the present com-
XXlll
mercial city of Mogadore. The promontory of So- loeis corresponds with Cape Bojador, nearly oppo- site to the Canaries. Caricontichos, Gytte, Acra, Mehtta and Arambys are placed between Cape Bojador and the Rio d'Ouro which is supposed to be the Lixus. Cerne is laid down as the island of Arguin under the southern Cape Blanco : the river Chretes perhaps is the St. John, and the next large river mentioned is the Senegal. Cape Palmas and Cape Three Points, are supposed to correspond respectively with the Western and Southern Horns, and some island in the Bight of Benin, with that of the Gorillge. Vossius however supposes the Wes- tern Horn, to be Cape Verd, and the Southern, Cape Palmas, in which case the Sierra Leone will answer to the Ochema Theon the Chariot of the Gods.
The description of the Troglodyte, as men of a different form or appearance, may imply a change from the Moresco to the Negro race. Some passages, quotedby Mr. Falconer from Bruce's travels, explain the extraordinary fires and nightly merriment, which alarmed the voyagers, as customs common among many of the negro tribes, and which had repeatedly fallen within the scope of his own observations. The Gorillae are supposed to be large monkeys or wild men as the name ayep'XTioi aypiot may in fact import.
It is needless to take notice of the numerous
XXIV
forgeries, which have been issued as the produc- tions of the authors of these fragments. There is a complete set which was composed in Latin by Annius, a monk of Viterbo. But it is a singular circumstance, and one which might be urged with great force against the genuineness of almost the whole collection, that not only the original authors have perished, but those also, through whose means these relics have been handed down. With the exception of these fragments, not only have San- choniatho, Berossus, and the rest passed on into oblivion ; but the preservers of their names have followed in the same track, and to a more unusual fate. The fragments of Philo, Abydenus, Polyhis- tor, Dius, and the others, are generally not those of their own works, but extracts from their pre- decessors.
It is necessary also to advert to the numerous errors which will be found in every sheet. The fragments have been exposed to more than the common risks, and accidents, to which all ancient writings have been subject. They have been either copied from the rude annals of antiquity, or sketched from historical paintings or hieroglyphical records, they have been sometimes translated from the sacred, into the common language of the place, and again translated into Greek ; then passed in quotation from hand to hand, and are now scattered over the works of the fathers, and the writers of the Roman empire. It is matter of surprise then.
XXV
not that they abound in error and uncertainty, but that so much has been preserved. For my own errors and inadvertencies I beg leave humbly to apologise, yet I must confess I have some reason to congratulate myself on finding in the above a cloak, under which a multitude of them may be con" cealed, and to which a charitable disposition may refer as many as it pleases without even recurring to the '^ errors of the press."
Several of these fragments are preserved in two or three different authors, each of whom con- tains a different version of the same, differing not so much in the outline, and in the general flow of words, as in those technicalities and variations of termination which were necessary to adapt them to the author's style, and it has been a source of some little perplexity to determine which of these various readings to prefer.
To Eusebius, Syncellus, and Josephus, we are principally indebted for these relics of antiquity. The authors of them are repeatedly cited in the Stro- mata of Clemens Alexandrinus, and in the works of Justin, Cedrenus, and the fathers of the lower empire : but unfortunately no extracts have been preserved. Diodorus Siculus has borrowed largely, but has incorporated the substance of his quotations in the body of his own work.
For Josephus I have followed Hudson's edition. The Cologne edition of the Praeparatio EvangeHca
XXVI
of Eusebius is often considered as the best : but upon close inspection and comparison I have been induced to prefer the text of Stephen. With the exception of a mutilated translation into Latin, Eusebius' Chronicle is lost. Under that title how- ever Scahger has industriously compiled a very portly foho, which, with some other Chronicles, contains a collection of all the fragments of the Greek text of Eusebius, that could be found. Syn- cellus has been magnificently edited at Paris under the patronage of Louis the fourteenth. By that father very copious extracts have been preserved. He professes to follow the original documents more closely that his predecessors, and as his Parisian editor makes the same pretences to fidelity, I have very generally taken his text as the groundwork. To correct all the palpable grammatical errors contained in it, would be a diflficult undertaking* To effect it in some degree, I have availed myself of the emendations of the margin, and of the different readings to be found in Eusebius. But in no case have I presumed to alter without authority ; and where neither the margin nor Eusebius afforded that, I have permitted the error to stand as I found it. The alteration of a single letter would some- times correct a gross grammatical mistake : yet at the same time by retaining the letters as they stand, and making a different division of them into words, a different meaning may be elicited. This work being a mere collection of quotations.
XXVll
I have not deviated from the usual method of quoting without the points. In most cases we make no use of them : in some instances, their in- troduction might stamp one particular significa- tion upon certain passages, in which two, widely- different, present themselves : but where so mucli uncertainty prevails, every person must be at li- berty to accent as he pleases, or to divide the words as best may suit his purpose. To intro- duce the accents generally, and omit them in those sentences which may bear a double import, and in which they might assist us to determine the mean- ing ; in short, to use them where they are of no use, and omit them where they might be turned to some account, would be an eccentricity, more needing an apology, than the course T have ven- tured to pursue. The matter contained in these frag- ments is the only merit to which they can pretend ; the interpretation is all that is required ; and refined criticism, bestowed on works which do not rise to elegance, is always a misplaced display of learn- ing : and I feel myself as little competent as in- clined to enter into speculations upon the words or accents. So far from presuming to intrude into the province of a commentator, I shall be well content if I have committed no great mistakes.
Such as these fragments are, I send them forth without either note or comment. The classical reader will find, I fear, but poor amusement in pe- rusing a half barbarous dialect, replete with errors
XXVIU
and inconsistencies : to the student of divinity, however, they may not be altogether unacceptable or devoid of interest : and to the inquirer after an- cient history and mythology, it may be useful to have collected into one small volume, the scattered relics for which he must otherwise search so widely.
THEOLOGY OF THE PHOENICIANS
SANCHOMIATHO.
SANCHONIATHO.
THE COSMOGONY.
THN Tav okuv apx^v inro' riOerai Aepoc ^(x^oiStj jca* 7rvev//.aTi'S^, vj itvo-riv aepoi; 'C,0(pci:iovi;, y.cct Xaof \foXepov, epeS't'Sff. Tavra he (ivat andpsc, v.ai Zicc noXvi/ atuva, y.fj €%eiv Tcepai;. ere Se ('/)vj- a-iv) 'fipairB-fi to icvevfAa tccv thciiv ap'/^wv, -/tat eyei/ero c-vy- •/!.pa,<T\.^i 'ij 'nkOY.ti evAwti evik-fjO-q Ilodo;. ai/Ttj Be o^pX''! ^"^ttrecoi; a,Tta,]irccv. avro S? ovy eytvuary.e TT/V otvTov vtTttrtv, Kai eve rrj^ ai;T(/t) o-vfAzKoy.'^^ tov 'kv€vi^cc- roi;, eyevelo M&jt. touto Tivf^ (pao'iv tXvv. oihe, i^ccru^ovi; jj-i^eui; o-'/ji^jv. vtat ex tuvt'/ji; eyeveTo •natra. imopa. vtTiire&'j,
Hv Oe TJi/a Xjjia, ow. 6%ovTa
He supposes that the beginning of all things was a dark and condensed windy air, or a breeze of dark air and a Chaos turbid and indistinct like Erebus: and that these things were infinite, and for a long time had no bound : but when this wind became enamoured of its own principles, and a mixture took place, that embrace was called Desire: and it was the beginning of the creation of all things. But the wind knew not its own pro- duction. And of that wind from its embrace was begotten Mot ; which some call Mud, others the putrefac- tion of a watery mixture : and from this sprung all the seed of the creation, and the generation of the universe.
But there were certain animals which had no sense, out of which pro-
SANCHONIATHO.
TOVT ((TTiv ovpavov ycocTOTtrat.
ceeded intelligent animals, and thej' were called Zophasemin, that is, the inspectors of heaven, and they were moulded in like manner in the shape
T6 ytai A(7Tpa {/.eyccka.
Kai rou aepoq hiavyaTav-
TO?, tia, TTVpOHTtV KCCl TVJf ^a-
Xaa-a-yji; kxi tij? yvj? eyevero 'KVfViA.ara, vcat verf)v), xa* ovpa- viuv thaTKV fJt-eyia-Tai y.cx,ra- (popai KCCi yjuaeK; y.cci e-KuZri
•H>i«o; re vlcm SeXyjv/j, Karepti; of an egg, and Mot shone forth the sun and the moon, the less and the greater stars.
And the air shining thoroughly with light, by its fiery influence on the sea and earth, winds were produced, and clouds, and very great defluxions, and torrents of the heavenly waters. And when these things, by the heat of the luyipiOf], Kai rov ifjiov ronov sun, were parted and separated from ti€xecpta-6'ifj ha r-qv rov ^Kiov their proper places, and all met again ttvpuun/y v.a.1 TtavTa a-vvYjvr'^Te in the air, and were dashed to pieces 'j:aKiv €v aept TaSs rota-cie, against each Other, thunders and )ta< a-vveppa^av, ^povTai re lightnings were the eftect ; and at the av€T€'Aea-6-/j(7av/.'ziaa-rpcc'Kai, sound of the thunders, the before- ■/.cct Trpoq Toy icaTtzyov rwv mentioned intelligent animals were ^povTuv to. 'npoyeypai/.iji.evoi, awakened, and frightened by the noise, and male and female moved upon the earth, and in the sea.
voepa, ^ua, €yprjyopYi<7ej>, v.a.1, upoc, Toy Tj^ov e-KTvpfj, /.at eKivriB'fj (V ry yy ■Arx.t flaXairs-T) a.pp€V y.aci b-^Av.
(Tovr Qt(; eg'/jg 6 ocvTOg ervy- ypacpevi; €'!:i<pepei Xeyuv.) TavO' evpedtj ev tt; vcoo-uoyona yiypaiAiAeva, TaccvTov, v.a,t Toiq iv.eivov vTcofAvvjiJi.aaiVf evt re <Troyjx(T[/.uiv y.ai rexfj-miuv,
(After these things our Author pro- ceeds to say:) These things are written m the Cosmogony of Taautus, and in his n emoirs, and from the conjectures, and natural signs which his mind perceived and discovered, and where- oiv eupuviev avrov 'q havoia, with he has enlightened us.
Ka* f^p^i y.cci rij/.iv ecpurtcev.
'E^Tj? rovroti ovofAccra, ruv Afterwards, declaring the names of uvefAuv emuv Notov Ka* Bo- the winds North, South, and the rest, peovnui ruv KomuVfeinXeyet. he makes this epilogue :— But these
SANCHONIATHO. 5
AXa' oiiroiyt TrpuToi at/jte/ji)- first men consecrated the plants of the
a-av ra TYj(; yrii l3Axa-TYjy.ara, earth, and judged them gods, and
y-at ^ecv^ evo/AJcraj/, y.ai itfiocr- worshipped those things, upon which
v/.vvovv Tavra, «</»' u)/ avroi they themsclves Hved, and all their
T€ dteyivovTo, y.txi ol €7ro/xevo;, posterity, and all before them ; to
Ka< 01 itpo avTcov 'KavTes;, v.ai. these they made libations and sacri-
%oa(; y.xL eitiOva-iiq emoiovv. fices. Then he proceeds : — Such were
{%a.i eTTtXeyii) avrcci Se -/jcrizv the devices of worship, agreeing with
at (TTivoiat TT^q 'KpoaY.vrqa-ecci;, their weakness and the want of bokl-
ojA-iiai T>] avTuv cca-6iyeia v.at ness of their souls. — Eitseb. PrCEp.
\pvx'^i; amolMia,. Evan. lib. I. c. 10.
THE GENERATIONS.
EiTcc {(prja-i) yeyevrjarSat ey. Tov KoXttjo; av€fA.ov, -Kcit yv- vaiM<; avrov Baxy, rovTO 8e vvy.Tsc epiATji/evetv, Atuva y.ai Ylp'jiToyovov ^yfjTovq av^pa;, ovrcc Y.ciXovj/.evovq, eiipeiv Se Toj/ Aiavcc TyjV aito tus> Sev- Zpu)/ rpocprjv.
Ex TOVTUV Toif yevoiJif- vovq •/.'/.TjOrjVai Fevot; y.a.i Fc- Vi.a.Vy yon (ti%'f\<TCLi t'/jv «foi-
Taf %f i/)a? op^ytiv eiq ovpavovi; ■wpoq Tov aXiQv. rovTov yap
ovpavov V>.vpiov, BeeX<ra[ji.r)y yaAovyreq, 6 eari napa ^rn- vi^i yvpioq ovpat/ov, Zevi; 5e Trap 'EXXyj(Tt,
'E|ijs ((f)Yi(7iv) aico TiiiCivc, kimovq KaiflpuToyovoVfyevri-
Of the wind Colpias, and his wife Baau, which is intei-preted Night, were begotten two mortals, called iEon and Protogonus : and iEon found out food from trees.
Those that Avere begotten of these were called Genus and Genea, and they dwelt in Phoenicia: and when there were great droughts they stretched forth their hands to heaven towards the Sun ; for him they thought the only lord of heaven, calling him Beelsamin, which in Phoenician is Lord of Heaven, but in the Greek Zeus.
Afterwards by Genus, the son of Protogonus and ^on, were begotten
SANCIIOIJIATHO.
oli etvai ovojAara, 'Po.'i y.ai Tlvp xa< *Aof. oirci ((/)'/)(Tjv) (y.
TTCtpUTpi^'/iq ^vAccy evpov 'Ttvp,
jedd re ytat vicepoxo y-pei(rero- vai;- cov ta ovrjixaTa tok; opeatv €7r6Te6») &'V fxpaT'/jo-aj'. i? tl avraiv -/iXyjO'^vai to Kacrcrtov, •/tat Tov At€a.voi/y v.oct rov AvriXi€a,vov, v-oli. to BpaSu. E)t TOUTwv {(j)-/)(nv) eyevvj-
mortal children, whose names were Phos, Pur, and Phlox. These found out the method of producing fire by- rubbing pieces of wood against each other, and taught men the use thereof. These begat sons of vast bulk and height, whose names were given to the mountains on which they first seised: thus from them were named Mount Cassius, and Libanus, Anti- libanus, and Brathu.
Memrumus and Hypsuranius were the issue of these men having inter- pavic; am [/.rirfpuv Se {(pyj(riv,) course with their mothers, the women expfiiAciTtC,cjyruv Tore yvvai- of those times, without shame, lying y.aiv avcti^v [xia-joiMyuv ol<; with any man they chanced to meet. av evrvxoiev. Etra (cpyio-t) Then Hypsuranius inhabited Tyre : Tov T\povpcx,viov oiKrjo-sci Tvpov, and he invented the making of huts of KaXv^ai; re eTimyjo-at am reeds and rushes, and the papyrus. vMXajAuv y.ai ^pvuv, v.ai ita- And he fell into enmity with his bro- iivpuy. Gzaa-iaa-ai Se -zypo? rov ther Usous, who first made clothing ahehcpoy Ova-coov. oq ay.e'Kriv ra> for the body of the skins of the wild o-i-'/AaTi itparoq ey. iep/^arav, beasts which he could catch. And when there were violent storms of rain and wind, the trees in Tyre being rubbed against each other, took fire, and the forest there was consumed. And Usous having taken a tree, and broken off its boughs, first dared to ven- ture on the sea. And he consecrated xat aicoyika^eva-avra, vpwrov two pillars to Fire and Wind, and ToX,w»)(rat ej? SjaXaaa-av ejj.- Avorshipped them, and poured out to tYjvai' ai/iepua-at Se Ivo cTijAa? them the blood of the wild beasts he mvpi, re y.ai ityevf^ari, v.ai, took in hunting: and when there was Ttpua-y.vvfiaa.i^ djAa re a-itevhiv an end of these (the storm and fire ?)
aiv Kryycre avWaSeiv \!yjpiuv evpe. 'Pay^aiwv Ze yevojxevuv oyJ^pwv y.at wveu/z.aTwv, napa- rpitevra ra ev ttj Tvpai 8e>- "bpa, Tivp aya^pat, y.ai rrjy avrodt vKv^y •nara(pXe^at. Sev- ^pov he Ka€o[A.evov rciv Ova-uov
SANCHONIATIIO.
Toyj aitoKeKpdivrai; {<p'/]in) pcc^^cvi; avToiq oicpiepcocrai, y.cx.1 T(x<; (TTijAa? Ttpoo'mjvetv, x.xt rovTOK; eopTa(; ayetv xaT'eToj . Kpovci<; 8e varepot icoKKoiq aito Tvj? 'Txpovpavtov yev£ct<; yevecr$ai Aypea, xa* 'AXjea, Tovq dXiioci; xat aypoi^ evoe- Taq. e? wv KX7)0yj!/ai aypevrai;
E| &'v yevio-Bat hvo aSeX- <|)0U5 crt^ripov evperai;, Kai t»j^ Tijt/Toi) epyaa-iai;, wv Oazepov Tov '/^pvcrwp Xoyovi; aaK'/jirat,
Se rovTov rov 'H(j)a,Krroi/. ev- pav 8e y.ai ayKitrrpov, xa< SeXea^, Ka< opfMav, v.on (T^e- 8<av' TtpuiTOv T6 •srai/Twv av- OpccKuv icXevo'ai. S<o Ka; (y? 0€oy CX.VTOV [A,€Ta ^aj/ccTov e(7e^ao-6)jo-av. KaXeio-^ai Se ai/Tov xa< Aicc[/.i)(^iov. ol 8e Toy^ uZ€X(pov<; avrov Tor/ovq (pa,(Tiv 67r<vovj(7a< eit 'KXifdui/.
MfTa Tat^r' ex Toy y€V0V(; rovTOv yeveaOoci veavi^ai; Suo, y.akeK76ai 8e aurwv tov /jcev TiyjiiTflv' Tov Se Fijiyov Avto;^- Bovcc. cvTOi eTrevoyjaav ra TtyjXo) T)55 TcXivOav a-v[/.[xiyi/viiv (bopv- Tou, Y.ai Tcp ■rjXto) avTug rep- a-aiveiv. aXXcc xcci crreyai; iqevpov.
he consecrated to them the stumps of wood that remained, and worshipped the pillars, and held anniversary feasts unto the stumps.
And in the times after the genera- tion of Hypsuranius, were Agreus and Halieus, the inventors of the arts of hunting and fishing, from whom huntsmen and fishermen are named.
Of these were begotten two brothers who discovered iron, and the forging thereof. One of these called Chrysor, who is the same with Hephaestus, exercised himself in words, and charms, and divinations ; and he in- vented the hook, bait, and fishing- line, and boats slightly built ; and he was the first of all men that sailed. Wherefore he was worshipped after his death as a God, and called Dia- michius. And it is said his brothers invented the way of making walls of bricks.
Afterwards, from this generation were born two youths, one of whom was called Technites, the other Geinus Autochthon. These discovered the method of mingling stubble with the loam of the bricks, and of drying them in the sun ; and found out tiling.
8
SANCIIONIATIIO,
A'TTo rovTcov eyevoi/TO erepot, av 0 [/.ev Aypo; enaXeJTo. o oe Ar/fov/ipoq yj Ayporrj?. ov Jtoc*
vaov 'i^vyocpopcviJ.evov iv ^oiviY.'/j- liapct, oe BifaXiOi? eg- aiperuK; 6eu)v o i/.cyiTro(; ovo- jUa^erai. (TVivoTjcrav 5e ovtci ccvAai; Tipo^ri6evai tok; oi-mk;, ■/.at Tcept^oAaia, y.at (TTV^'Acaa. (•/. TOVTccv ay par M xa,i •/.v]/rjyoi. oi/TOi Ze y.ai KKrfcai, vcat Tircti/€<; y.cx,Kovi/rat>
Atto rovruv yevecrBa.1, Au.v- vov YMt Mecyov. cl Karetei^av
Also Tovtaiv yeu€(T$at Miaup •KCti "Evhw., tout' e<rTiv euXuTov Kat 'biy.aiov. ovroi t'(\v tov oKoi y^pyioiv evpov.
Atto Micrup TaauTO?. o? €vp€ Tvj!/ rccv -itparuv aTDixnav ypaSriV. m AiyvTiTioi [/.iv Quccp, AXi^avCipen; le &uv9, 'EXX'/jvf? B' 'Ep/z.vji' eKUAe- o'av, evt Se rev 2uSLi)t, Aiocr- Mvpoi, '/] Kateipoi, •/) Vopv- tavT€i, •/] ^a[/.o6payiei;. ovroi (<pYi(ri) itpwroi TsXoiov evpov.
Eve T0VT&)v yeyovaaiv tn- poi, ol y.ai ^OTavaq evpov, Y.ai Tfiv ticv hay.eTtiOV tsca-iv, KCci emai^ac;.
Kara rovrov^ yiverai rti; HKiovv Kokovfjievoi; 'Tipia-roi;' y.ui ZeXeia, Xeyojjitvq B'/jpovO.
By these were begotten others, of which one was called Agrus, the other Agrouerus or Agrotes, of whom in PhcEnicia there was a statue held in the highest veneration, and a tem- ple drawn by yokes of oxen: and at Byblus he is called, by way of eminence, the greatest of the Gods. These invented courts, and fences for houses, and caves or cellars : hus- bandmen, and such as hunt with dogs, derive their origin from these : they are called also Aletse, and Titans.
From these were descended Amy- nus and Magus, who taught men to construct villages and tend flocks.
By these men were begotten Mi- sor and Sydyc, that is, Well-freed and Just : and they found out the use of salt.
From Misor came Taautus, who invented the writing of the first let- ters ; him the Egyptians called Thoor, the Alexandrians Thoyth, and the Greeks Hermes. But from Sydyc came the Dioscuri, or Cabiri, or Corybantes, or Samothvaces : these (he says) first built a ship complete.
From these descended others, who discovered medicinal herbs, and the cure of poisons and charms.
Contemporary with these was one Elioun, which imports Hypsistus, (the most high) and his wife called
SANCHONIATHO.
OS Ka* ytaTCfiMvi/ 7re/3t Bv€'Aov-
e^ uv yevarooi Emyeio? vj
PixnoyfiaV' w icrrepov evc^jtAe-
crav OvpQ.voV' &:(; ait" avTOv
•Kai TO virep '^/Aaj aTotxeioi/,
St' iiTiep'ScK-rjv rov ymAXcv^ cvo-
jAO^^etv OvpavoV' ytvarat 8e
TovTo) a^eXcpyj e>c rajy irpoeipYj-
fjiivuv. vi oe eaX'/jdyj Fij. >tat Sia
TO xaXAo^, aTr' at^Tv;; (^(pyja-iv)
(■naXea-ccv -v-qv o/^wv^uo!/ r7)v.
'O Se toi;t&'v Tcartjp d
'T\pn;-o^ eve crv[/,€oX-q(; 6-qptuv re-
Xivlfidoc^cKb'tepwB'q. cc v-cnypa^
v.ot,^ 6v<7-iai;ol iiatde^ eTeAetrav.
TlapctkoiMwv 8e o Ovpavo<; T>]v Tou TiaTpoq apy^v, ayerai Tiooq ya/AOv T1JV aieKcprjv F^jv, Hat nconiTOci. e? avrr]i; iraiSa^
S'. IXOV, TOV K0« R|30VaV, KWi
BeTuXov, Ka« Aaywv, 05 etrr* (TJTWV, Ka« AtXavra.
Ka< e| ccKXuv 8e yafAeToiv d Qvpavot; ttoXX'/jv e(7%€ yfveav. S<o >ca* yjxKiTsaiVQvcra r\ Ttj, Tov Ovpccvov '^YjXorvnova-u ev.a.xi^ev, uq xat SiaffTrjvat aXXrfK(cv» 0 5e Qvpavoq 0,1:0' y^a>pf\<Ta<; avir^c, [/.era ^toci, ore y.at eSovXero eirtuV nat 'KXt\(no^av avrvj, itaXiv air- •qXXarero. eis^yjeipei Se y.ai TOV? el auT^jf -nra*Sa? 8«a^- Betpetv. Tf[v §€ r>jv »/>iuvaa-6af
crvXXe^au.iVYjv.
Beruth, and they dwelt about Byb- lus; of whom was begotten Epigeus or Autochthon, whom they afterwards called Ouranus (Heaven) ; so that from him that element, which is over us, by reason of its excellent beauty is named heaven : and he had a sister of the same parents, and she was called Ge (Earth), and by reason of her beauty the earth was called by the same name.
Hypsistus, the father of these, having been killed in a conflict with wild beasts, was consecrated, and his children offered libations and sacrifices unto him.
But Ouranus, taking the kingdom of his father, married his sister Ge, and had by her four sons, Ilus who is called Cronus, and Betylus, and Dagon who is Siton, and Atlas.
But by other wives Ouranus had much issue ; whereat Ge, being grieved and jealous, reproached Ouranus, so that they parted from each other: but Ouranus, though he had parted from her, yet by force returned when- ever he pleased, and having laid with her again departed ; moreover he attempted to kill the children he had by her ; Ge also often defended or avenged herself, gathering unto her auxiliary powers.
10
SANCHONIATIIO.
Kpcucii;, 'E/Jp/j T&) rpitriM- yKTrrf crvi^.tovka) kcci ^OYjOa '/^pu//.evoi;, ovrog yap 't\v avrov ypa,j/,[Acn€Vi, rov Trarepa Ov- pavov aiA-vveTai, rifxecpuv rr; IA,v]Tpi. Kpovov Se ytvovrai waiSe?, Ylepaetpor/] kcci AOrjvcx,. yj [/.ev ovv ttjs&'tvj, 'i:ap6evD(; ereXevrcc, t^? Se h.Bt]vai; yvu- l^ri vtai 'EpiAoii Karea-yievacre Kpovo^ en (Ti^'/jpov dpTt'/jv Ka,i ^opv. E<ra o 'EpfAYii; ron; rov ¥.povov avfA^jiay^oi!; 'Koyov<; [/,a- y€ia(; S<aXe%5ej?, -zzro&'ov eve- noi-qtye too; kcit' Ov^avov /Aa- %iij? tmrep tij^ F'/j?. kck oi'T(u Kpovo? Tov Oiipavov woXe^/ca) (Tvjx^a'Koiv, r'/]<; apx>;? rfKacre, y.at T'fjV ^aa-iKeiav 8(e5s|aTO. E«iXw 8e e!/ TV) l^ouyri Y.a,i r} evepao'TO^ tov Ovpacvov avy yionoq eynvy.ccv ova-a. ijv evtSj- OuTiv 0 Kpovo(; icpoq ya,[Mv tw AaywvJ. TJKre* Se ffctpa Tovrtp 0 KWToi yatnpoi; e| Ovpavov €(f)tpev. 0 5eevtaX6(reAvj//apow.
Et< TOl/TOI^ 0 Kpowf '^f'/C''?
Tiepi'SaXKei tt; eaurav ojvcvjtret, Jtat irpuT^v mokiv y.riC,€i tvjv ewi *o«i'*)Mj? Bd^Xov. Mera Taura TOV aZeXcpoy rov iStov Ar'Kcx.vrcx. vnovofja'aq o V.povo',, //.era yvuiATji t:- 'E/j/aov €j? /3a6c? 7*;i; €iA.€aXuu v.ari%o:<7e.
Kara rovrov rov yjpovov ol
But when Cronus came to man's age, by the advice and assistance of Hermes Trismegistus, who was his secretary, he opposed his father Ouranus, that he might avenge his mother. And Cronus had children, Persephone and Athena; the former died a virgin ; but, by the advice of Athena and Hermes, Cronus made of iron a scimitar and a spear. Then Hermes, addressing the aUies of Cro- nus with magic words, wrought in them a keen desire to fight against Ouranus in behalf of Ge. And thus Cronus overcoming Ouranus in battle, drove him from his kingdom, and succeeded him in the imperial power. In the battle was taken a well-beloved concubine of Ouranus who was preg- nant ; Cronus gave her in marriage to Dagon, and she was delivered, and called the child Demaroon.
After these events Cronus builds a wall round about his habitation, and founds Byblus, the first city of Phoenicia. Afterwards Cronus sus- pecting his own brother Atlas, by the advice of Hermes, threw him into a deep cavern in the earth, and buried him.
At this time the descendants of the
SANCHONIATIIO. 11
am rccv Aioo-xovpav <r%e8*a? Dioscvui, having built some light and
■/.ai irXoitx, o-uvfievTef, eTtXev- Other more complete ships, put to
(Txv. y.ai (-/.pupevrei Kccroi. to sea ; and being out over against
Ka<7(Tiov ofrjq, vMv avTcOi Mount Cassius, there consecrated a
a.(p'i€paj(7civ. temple.
01 Sf a-vt/.[ji.ccxoi IKov rov But the auxiliaries of Ilus, who is
Kpovov EXcceif^ ti:eY.}s.rfiri(Ta]' , Cronus, were called Eloim, (as it
w? av Kpovioi. ovTot -rjcrav ol were) the allies of Cronus ; they were
XeyofA-evoi etti Kpovov. Kpovo? SO called after Cronus. And Cronus,
8e vkv exeov ^a^iZov, iho) having a son called Sadidus, dispatched
avTov (TiZripw Sjej/pvjtraTo, S*' him with his own sword, because he
vTro'/otai avzov e(7%';;x£<,?" y.ai held him in suspicion, and with his
TYji; ipvxqi;, avTo^'^ip Tov itai- own hand deprived his son of life.
So? ^eyofcevof, ecntp-q^rev. u<7- And in like manner he cut off the
a-wui; YMi ^vyarpoi; ihaq tvji/ head of his own daughter, so that all
•/.e^aXrjv aite-vfyei/. o:q icavro.q the gods Were amazed at the mind of
iY.T.e%Ar,x6a.i 6(ov<; r-fjv Kpovov Cronus. •yvici/.'fiv.
Xpovov Se TtpoioiToq Ovpa- But in process of time, Ouranus
M? ev (pvyri Tiyxava-^ , S'tya- being in banishment, sent his daugh-
tepa-avrovKapOevov A(j'ictp-vt]v ter Astarte, with two other sisters,
(!^e6' erepav avrrji; ateK(pav Rhea and Dione, to cut off Cronus
Ivo, Yioci; Y.a.1 A<«)/7j? SoXy tov by deceit; but Cronus took the dam-
Kpovov aviXiiv vizoTtej/.Tter dq sels, and married them being his own
vtat k'Auv 0 K|3ovo? -Aovpihai; sisters. Ouranus, understanding this,
ya^wfTot? aZO.(p(x.!; ou(7a.i; eitoi- Sent Eimarmene and Hora with other
■fi<TC(.To. Tvovq §e 0 Ovpavoq, auxiliaries to make war against him :
€i!t(7rp(x.T€V€t Kara tov Kpo- but Cronus gained the affections of
vov EljAccpi^ev/jv -kcci 'Qpav these also, and kept them with him-
,M.e6' erepccv o-u^^aaxi'v. y.ai Self. Moreover, the god Ouranus
TauT«5 €^of/.€toja-au.€voi; o [ipo- devised Bsetulia, contriving stones that
vog, ■na,p eavTO) yiarearxev. mOVed aS having life, ert £e (<^v)0-jv) CTrei/ovjo-e 6so<; OvpaiOt; BaiTvXia, 'Ai9ovi; eij.- -ipvyjjvt; fAriXavricra[/,evoi.
upovu Se eyevovTo ai:o And Cronus begat on Astarte seven
12
SANCIIONIATHO.
daughters called Titanides, or Arte- mides ; and he begat on Rhea seven sons, the youngest of whom was consecrated from his birth ; also by Dione he had daughters, and by Astarte moreover two sons, Pothos and Eros.
And Dagon, after he had found out bread-cort) and the plough, was called Zeus Arotrius.
To Sydyc, called the just, one of the Titanides bare Asclepius : Cronus had also in Persea three sons, Cronus bearing his father's name, and Zeus Belus, and Apollo.
AtrrapTYj^ ^vyarept; eizrcc TiTaviSe? 7] Apre/xiSe^. vtat Tcaki)/ TO) auTW ytvovrai ano Pea? waiSe? iT:ra, wv 6 veu- raroi; dj/-a rri yevetxei, Mpk-
v.at a-KO A^a,pTYi(; naXiy appev- 65 Suo, HoBoi y.a,t Epeof.
'O §€ Aayciiv 67reiS)j evpe <Ti,rov yiai aporpov, enAijS'ij Zeii? Aporpioi;.
'Ev^V/iai Se t&) Keyo[A.€vai Sinaiw, [/.ta Tcov Tiravituv cruvehBovcra, yevva, rov AayCkr^- itiov. iyer/iByi<7(x,v Se nat ev Tlepaiq, Kpovcc, -rpeit; iraiSe?, Kpo^oq ojAuvvf^oi; rcf itciTpt, Y.ai Zevi B^Xo?, y.a,t At^oXXuv.
KaTa, TOVTOV<; yivoi/rai Uoi/Toi; Koci Tv^uv ymi 'N-^pevi;, mo-rrip Hovtov. aizo Se rov TlovTov ytverai 2*S&))/' ^ xafi' iicepZoXfiv evcpcoviai; ^parvj vfji- vov oi)Sij5 evpe. •Atzi Iloa-et^ccy.
Tw Se Afjj/.apovvrt yiutTcci MeXiKCipdoi;. 6 kok 'Hpsc>iXr}(;. EiTo. TzaXiv Ovpavoi; %oXefji.€i Tlovrcc. Kai a.moo'rai;, AvjjWa- povvTi nrpaa-TiOercti. Eiteiat attaches himself to Demaroon. De- T6 Uoi/ro) 0 Ar]fA,apov(;, rpoitov- maroon invades Pontus, but Pontus rai. re avrw b llovroq. o he puts him to flight, and Demarooii Atjixapovi; (pvyvji ^va-tav rjv^- VOWS a sacrifice for his escape.
Contemporary with these were Pon- tus, and Typhon, and Nereus the father of Pontus : from Pontus de- scended Sidon, who by the excellence of her singing first invented the hymns of odes or praises : and Posidon.
But to Demaroon was born Meli- carthus, who is also called Heracles.
Then again Ouranus makes war against Pontus, but parting from him
Eret 8e rpia-Marw levrepip In the thirty-second year of his
TVJ5 kavrov v.parria-euq ncct power and reign, Ilus, who is Cronus, ^aa-tX€K!i,(;, 6 IXoi;, toi/t' ea-rtv having laid an ambuscade for his
SANCHONIATIIO.
13
0 Kpovoi;, Ovpavov rov TraTepa Xo%'/;c7a? ev tckS rivi [/.€(to- yttw, --tat Xatuv inzoxeipiov, f/tTf wvei avrov to, aiboia, <7vv- eyyvi; 'K'qywv t€ xat no'ca'Xdiv. evBoc acp't'epudyj Ovpavoi;, vcai a-K'/iprtaB'fi avrov to 'jinvj/.a, v.ai aitea-ra^ev avTov to alf^cc Tuv atbofjov, etq ra,^ 'sryiyca;, y.cct Ticv TtoTocfAcov -co, iZctTa, v.xi lJi-€Xpi rovTov Seivtwra* to Xo.'pioy.
(llaAiy Sf 0 (7vyypci<j)€Vi; rsvToit; eTTi<j)epei jweS' erepa, Xeyi)]/.) Acrrapr-/j Se ij [A.e- jiTT'/i, y.a.1 Zeuj ^■iii/.v.povi;,
e^a.'TiKcvoy T^q yapaq, }s.povov yvi-'fA-rj. vj Se Ao'ra.pTVj eTre0)jxe Tij tStoi y.€<p<xXri ^aaiXeiuq 'KapciT-qi/.ov KecpaX-qv ravpov, ■nepiyoa-rovira, Se tjjv afMV[A,t- VYjv, evpev cceponeT^ ao'Tepa,, oy y.cii ayeXouevyj, ev Tvpai tt; dyia, v'/jtTu acpiepoKTe. (Ttji/ Se A<7Ta,pTyjv $i5<>(>t£?, TYjv A(ppo- iiTYjv eivai Xeyovai.}
Ktw 0 Kpovci; Se irepii'uv
T'/jV Of/tSUjIAOTJV, AShJVO. TIJ I^V" TOll OvyCCTpt S<Si)!7< TVJ? ATTiVC'/J^
Tvjy ^acTtXeiav. XoiiAov 5e ys- vojAevcv iictt (pOopat;, rov kavrov jAOvoyev/} vlov, Kpovot; Ovptzvcc narpi oXoyiupnoi, Kcct ra, 0.^010, Ttepirei^vercii, ravro itoirja'at KXi rcv(; da avrcf <Tvu.j/,cx.'/flVi;
father Ouvanus in a certain place in the middle of the earth, and having gotten him into his hands, dismem- bers him near fountains and rivers. There Ouranus was consecrated, and his spirit was separated, and the blood of his parts dropt into the foun- tains and the waters of the rivers ; and the place is shewed even to this dav.
(Then our historian, after some other things, goes on thus :) But Astarte called the greatest, and De- maroon entitled Zeus, and Adodus named the king of gods, reigned over the country by the consent of Cronus : and Astarte put upon her head, as the mark of her sovereignty, a bull's head : and travelling about the habi- table world, she found a star foiling through the air, which she took up, and consecrated in the holy island Tyre : and the Phoenicians say that Astarte is Aphrodite,
Cronus, also going about the habi- table world, gave to his daughter Athena the kingdom of Attica : and when there happened a plague and mortality, Cronus offered up his only son as a sacrifice to his father Oura- nus, and circumcised himself, and forced his allies to do the same : and not long afterwards he consecrated
14
SANCHONIATHO,
Tiokv erf pov avrov Ttaiha, aiio Pea? ovoi/.a,t,o[xevov MovO' aito- Slai/ovTa acptepot. ©cti^ccrov he TOvrov yiai YlXovToiva, '^oi.-
liai CTTt rovroii; o Kpovo? Bv^Xov [A,ev rriv nroXiv ^ei/, BaaATiSi, T'/j xat Aiuy/j S*o&>- (Ti, 'Bvjpvrov 8e YloaeiZavi y.at Ka€'^poi; ayporai^ re jta* aXi- eva-iv. ol Kcci Ilovroii Xet^'i^va, ei? T7JV B'/jpvTOV acpupeacrav.
Ilpo Se Tovrwv S'eo? Taav- TCii; (/.itxria'a^evo^ tov Ovpavov, Tccv ^euv oxpei:;, Kpovov re Y.ai Actyuvoi, v.cci rwv Xomiiv 8i£- rvT[U(Te!/ rovi lepovi; twv crroi- X^iOiV ■/a.paY.r-qpa<;, eitevotide Se xai rcf Kpovu itcipacryiiA,a ^a<7iKeta.^, oi/,[^a.ra recrcrapa, €Jt rcov eiAirpocrdiuv nai ruv OTCiaBiccv y-epuv' Svo Se '/jcu^t) [/.vovrcc y.at t'TTi ro:v u(/.jiv icrepa re(T<japa' Zvo [Mv, ix; litra^eva, Sfo 8t ok; v(pei[/.€va. TO Sf ijv\/.to'K'jv -riv, eite&ri Kp&vo; y.otiM:[xevo<; c^Xewe, KCCi eypyiyopKi; e-AOifxccro' v.oli eiri ruv T.repuv oi^OiCii;' or* avoc- ■jTitiOjaej'o? luraro, v.ai lura.- [Xfvoi; aviiravero. roK; Se Aot- TTOi? i&eoi?, Sua eKxa-rq} Tirtpa- f/.ara etci ruv uy.o)v, ui; on Svj avvi'K'vavrQ ra Kpovy. xat
after his death another son, called Muth, whom he had by Rhea; him the Phoenicians call Death and Pluto.
After these things, Cronus gives the city of Byblus to the goddess Baaltis, which is Dione, and Berytus to Posidon, and to the Caberi, the husbandmen and fishermen : and they consecrated the remains of Pontus at Berytus.
But before these things the god Taautus, having represented Ouranus, made types of the countenances of the gods Cronus, and Dagon, and the sacred characters of the other elements. He contrived also for Cro- nus the ensign of his royal power, having four eyes in the parts before and in the parts behind, two of them closing as in sleep ; and upon the shoulders four wings, two in the act of flying, and two reposing as at rest. And the symbol was, that Cronus whilst he slept was watching, and reposed whilst he was awake. And in like manner with respect to his wings, that whilst he rested he was flying, yet rested Avhilst he flew. But to the other gods there were two wings only to each upon his shoul- ders, to intimate that they flew under the controul of Cronus ; he had also two wings upon his head, the one for
SANCHONIATHO. 15
iiTtpa hvo. kv eitt Tov ■/jyejji.o- the most governing part, the mhrd
vmuruTov vov, vtaj h cni tij? and One for the sense.
'K'kOuv Se 0 K/jovof e<? votou And Croniis coming into the coun-
%f^av, duaa-av Tvji/ Atyvicrov try of the south, gave all Egypt to
eSaxe Srey Taat^Tw, oir«? the god Taautus, that it might be his
^aiTiXeiOV avTu "ytv^Ta*. kingdom,
Tavra, Se (^'/)o-») irpwTo* These things, says he, the Caberi,
a.vruv vTt€ix.v/i(/.art(Ta.vro o« the seven sons of Sydec, and their
kftra 2i/Sex mailii; Katrifoi, eighth brother Asclepius, first of all
y.ai aylooq avrav a^eXcpoi A<r- set down in memoirs, as the god
>tXij7r«o?, ui avrotf €v(7€iKciro Taautus commanded them.
Tavra. itavra o @a.tiwvoi All these things the son of Thabion,
Trai?, TTpToe T4JV ait' aimof the first Hierophant of all among the
ytyovoTuv ^oivi-auv 'l€po(pavTY]i Phoenicians, allegorized and mixed up
aWfiyop-quai, roif re (pva-iMtf with the Occurrences and passions of
xatyioa-fAiMtf iradta-iv ava[A,i^- nature and the world, and delivered
a<, irapi^uY-e to;? opyiucn, y.at to the priests and prophets, the super-
TeXeTiuv xaTa/!%0D<r* Tipocprj- intendants of the mysteries : and they,
TUi^. ol TOV -vvtpov av^iiv en perceiving the rage for these allego-
•navroi; fwjvsowre?, Ton; avrwv ries increase, delivered them to their
iiuloypti ■Ko.pi^ua-ccv nat ton; successors, and to foreigners : of
fwfitraKToif. uv «if -qv xa« whom One was Isiris, the inventor of
iTipii Tccv rpiwy ypafA-fAaTuv the three letters, the brother of Chna,
(vpervji;, ahX(poiXva TOV irpu- who is called the first Phoenician. —
TOV /xcTovo/AatrflevTOf *ojv<xo?. Euseb. Prap. Evan. lib. I. c. 10.
OF THE MYSTICAL SACRIFICE OF THE tw:M^^^^WR
Efiof ijy Tojf i:aXaiOK;, iv It was the custom among the an-
TfKi; (AeyakaK; <TVf/.<popaiq tkv cients, in times of great calamity, to
y.ivlvvo)v, avTi tij? 'na.vruv prevent the ruin of all, for the rulers
(p6opai;, TO 'fiyaTtfjy.ivov tuv of the city or nation to sacrifice to
Tfxvo!)/, TOV? y-paTovvTa; rj the avenging deities the most beloved
16 SANCHONIATIIO.
woXew? fi edvovq, £i<; a-cpuy/jv of their children as the price of re-
iTti^ihiBci Xvrpov Toii TtiAupoK; demption : they who were devoted for
haifAoa-i. Karecr^aTTovTo St oJ this purpose were offered mystically.
SiSo/*evo; [Ava-ri-AUi. Kpavoi; For Cronus, whom the Phoenicians
roivvv, ov ol ^oiviK€<; la-pavjX call II, and who after his death was
(IX?) itpoa-ayopevovtri, ^a<Ti~ deified and instated in the planet
Xevav rtii %wpa,<;, v.ai varzepov which bears his name, when king,
/wfTa Triv Tov fiiov TeXet/Tijv had by a nymph of the country called
e«5 To» rov Kpovov aa-iepa, Y.aB- Anobret an only son, who on that
ttpaOei;, ef evixaptai vvi^cpr^i account is styled leoud, for so the
Ai/iotpeT KeyojAiv/}!;, vlov exuv PhcEuicians still call an only son :
lj.Qvoya>ri, ov S<a rovro leoyS and when great danger from war
enaXovv, tov [jLovoyevovi; ovrcci beset the land he adorned the altar,
ert Kat vvv xaXot^/xevou iiapa. and invested this son with the em-
ton;^amli,v.ivlvvuive\i'no'kilMv blems of royalty, and sacrificed him.
fx-eyiaruv y.a,T€iXyj(f)OTuv tojv — Euseb. PfCEp. Evan. lib. I. C. 10. XoopaVf ^aaiXmo) y.o<riJi.'/j<Ta( <r%rjj/.a'Ti rov vlov, ^ufxcv Te
OF THE SERPENT.
Tyjv ixiv ovv TOV Ipa-MVTOi Taautus first consecrated the basilisk,
^v(nv y.a.i ruv otpiuv avToq and introduced the worship of the
«^€&e<ao-ev o TaauTo?, y.ai ueT serpent tribe ; in which he was fol-
avTov avQii ^^ojuxej t€ xaj lowed by the PhcEnicians and Egyp-
AtyvTCTioi. •nvtv/ji.a.riKUTaTav tians. For this animal was held by
yap TO t,mv itavTuv twv ip- him to be the most inspirited of all the
Teruv, y.ai isvpulf^ W avTov reptiles, andofafierynature; inasmuch
itapehOvi. itap^ cp y.ai Ta%o? as it exhibits an incredible Celerity, mov-
awneptXfiTov ha, tow -nviv- ing by its spirit without either hands,
(/.aroi; 'Kapia-rvjan, ^.i^pii iroS^y or feet, or any of those external organs,
Te xa< x«</iay, 73 aXXov Tivoq by which other animals effect their
Tuv e^uOtv, e| uv to. Xojwa motion. And in its progress it as-
y,:a. T«5 yi.ivfi<j(.\c, TioniTat. aai sumes a Variety of forms, moving in a
SANCHONIATIIO. 17
TTOfjcfAwy cxt\if.ai:o:v rvmvi; spiral course, and at what degree of
amreXd, v.ai Kara tijv tto- swiftness it pleases. And it is very
p€ia.jfeXiY.o€t'bei(;exeiTa(;opuaii, long-lived, and has the quality not
((()' i ^ovAeTdi -rayjit;' aaci Only of putting ofF its old age, and
TcoXvxpoviurarov le ea-rt, ov assuming a second youth, but it re-
uovov Tip et^lvofi-tioi TO 7';j/;a? ceives a greater increase. And when
v€aZ,€tv, ahXcc Kai av^rjtriv it has fulfilled the appointed measure
67riSex6(r6a( jU,et^o^a Ttecpv/.e. of its existence, it consumes itself:
■/.a* eiteiixv TO a}piiTi/.€vov /%e- as Taautus has laid down in the sacred
rpov ■nrX'^pua-Ti, eiq eavrov ava- books, wherefore this animal is intro-
Xi!7X£Ta<. u,; ev tan; Upccti; duced in the sacred rites and myste-
o/AOJw? auTO{ 0 Taavroi y-are- ries. — Euseb. Prcep. Evan. lib. I.e. 10.
Ta|f ypcupait;. Sio y.ai ev tepoii; TOVTo TO "^mv Kai ev f/.v<Tri\- piotq avi/.TtapftXfj'KTai,
THE FRAGMENTS
THE CHALDiEAN HISTORY
BEROSSUS, ABYDENUS, AND MEGASTHENES.
BEROSSUS :
FROM APOLLODORUS.
OF THE CHALDEAN KINGS.
TATTA /A€v 0 Bojp&xro-fl? Ictto- /)'/j<r€. npurou yeve<T6at ^a<n- Kea AKupov en Ba^vXuvoi; XaX- iaiov, ^aaihfVTai Se (rapov^ 8txa. y.ai y.a6e^yi^ AXairapov nai AfJifiXuva rov eve Ilai^rttiS- Xuv , eira A/A/xevava rov XaX- Oaiov, ecp' ov {<pyj(Ti) (pa,yi]vai Tov i^vaapov Qai/yr}v rov Av>ij- SiiToy €-/t T»;? Epv6pa(;. (o7r€(j AXe|avSpo? TipoXatwv eifr\y.i (pavtjvai rep irpur<p eni. ovrci Ce lAira Tapov^ rta-trapaMvra. 0 06 Atvhivoi; rov ^evrepov AvvvjSiaTov [ji.era a-apov^ efAoat I?.) etrcx. MtyaXapov (.% nac- ri€t€Xuv T[oX(U(;. ^cca-iXevcrat 8e avrov aapov^ ov.rav.ai^e/La. v.a.1 jAercc rovrov ^auyiov irot- [Acvcz, €•< YlavrttttXccv /Sao-t- Xivaai a-apov^ Sexa. -xara Tovrov iiaXiv ((^»;o-j) (pav^vxi ex T>)? EpvBpaq Awr^urov re- raprov rt\v avrrjv roiq avu
This is the history which Berossus has transmitted to us. He tells us that the first king was Alorus of Ba- bylon, a Chaldaean ; he reigned ten sari: and afterwards Alaparus, and Amelon who came from Pantibiblon : then Ammenon the Chaldaean, in whose time appeared the Musarus Oannes the Annedotus from the Ery- thraean sea. (But Alexander Poly- histor anticipating the event, has said that he appeared in the first year; but ApoUodorus says that it was after forty sari ; Abydenus, how- ever, makes the second Annedotus appear after twenty-six sari.) Then succeeded Megalarus from the city of Pantibiblon ; and he reigned eigh- teen sari : and after him Daonus the shepherd from Pantibiblon reigned ten sari; in his time (he says) ap- peared again from the Erythrsean sea a fourth Annedotus, having the same form with those above, the shape of
20
BEROSSUS.
i^BvQ^ Tcpoi avOpicnovf /a(|«v. f»Ta "^p^ai Eveiup€(7xav evt Tla,VTi€i€Kti>v, xat j9a(rjAe^<rat irapovi oxTWKajSevta. eiti tou- Tov ((pYj(riv) aXXov (pccv-^vai (k. T7j^ Epvdpa^ ^aXaaa-fj^ of^oiov xara tijv ix^voi irpoi avdpu-
(TovTor^ Se ^tjo-j iravra^ ra viro Clavvov yie(paXaM^eii^ prj- 6(VTa Kara y-epoq e^rjy^aaa- 6ai. Ttepi rovTOJV Atv^n/o^ ovhev eiTcev.) (na ap^at A/Af/A- ^ivov XaXSaKJv €k AapiK.yxuv- paaiXevcraci he avrov oyhoov vapovi SfKoe. €<Ta a^ |a< flr*- aprrjv XaXSawv ex A.apayxt'iv. paaiXevaai Se trapov^ ff. CIti- aprov oe TeXevrvja'avroi lov vlov avrov HttrovOpov ^acriXev- ca* arapovf onTuytai^eyta. titi rovTOv Tov fjieyav naTatuXvcr- fMv ((pyjo-i) yeyevYjo-Bat, a^ yivea-Oai ofAov mavTai; ^aa-i- Xen; Sena* trapov^ Se ixarov
UV.07i,
a fish blended with that of a man. Then reigned Euedoreschus from Pantibiblon, for the term of eighteen sari; in his days there appeared another personage from the Ery- thraean sea hke the former, having the same compUcated form between a fish and a man, whose name was Odacon. (All these, says Apollodo- rus, related particularly and circum- stantially whatever Oannes had in- formed them of : concerning these Abydenus has made no mention.) Then reigned Amempsinus, a Chal- daean from Laranchae ; and he being the eighth in order reigned ten sari. Then reigned Otiartes, a Chaldaean, from Laranchae ; and he reigned eight sari. And upon the death of Otiartes, his son Xisuthrus reigned eighteen sari : in his time happened the great deluge. So that the sum of all the kings is ten ; and the term which they collectively reigned an hundred and twenty sari. — Syncel. Chron. 39. Euseb. Chron. 5.
BEROSSUS:
FROM A'BYDENUS.
OF THE CHALDiEAN KINGS AND THE DELUGE.
XAAAAION iA,€v r-fii <ro<piYj(;
■jcp'jiTov Xeyei AXupov. rov 5e vnep fuvrov Xoyov dta^ovvat, ot; [A.IV Tov Xfu 'KOty.eva o 0eo^ anobei^cct. (3a<7iXfv<7cx.i Se a-a- povt; Sevta. a-apo^ Se ecni eja-
Mera Se tovtov AXanixpov ap^cci capavz T^f?? jM.e^' ov AtxiAkapoi; eve roXew? IlctvTi- €i€XiD^ e^aaiXevaev (rapovq ty'. €ip' 01) devTepov AyvvjSaToi' tijv ^aKaaaav avadwai itapa- Tihi^aiov Ciavvrj tvjv tSeav
fn Xlavritithuv Yjp^e (rapovf if. y.eff' ov M.eyaKapo(; ex JlavTitt^Auv vjp^e (Tapovf oy.- ToixatSexa. €ira Aau^ •irot[/.Yjv (x IlavTi^i€Xciiv €€cca-i\€V(r(y
So much concerning the wisdom of the Chaldseans.
It is said that the first king of the country was Alorus, who gave out a report that he was appointed by God to be the Shepherd of the people : he reigned ten sari : now a sarus is esteemed to be three thousand six hundred years ; a neros six hundred ; and a sossus sixty.
After him Alaparus reigned three sari : to him succeeded Amillarus from the city of Pantibiblon, who reigned thirteen sari ; in his time a semidsemon called Annedotus, very like to Cannes, came up a second time from the sea : after him Am- menon reigned twelve sari, who was of the city of Pantibiblon : then Megalarus of the same place eighteen sari : then Daos, the shepherd, governed for the space of ten sari ; he was of Pantibiblon ; in his time
22
BEROSSUS.
yrjv ty. S'aXatro'ij? avehvcrav, mta, ovoi/.(iJoi. ravla' EiieSw- •Aoq, EvevyajAOif Evei;^ofXoi,'» AvYi(A.€vr6t;. eTict he tov //.era ravza 'Evehupfaxo^' Avu^a<po^' /xtSr' ov^ aXXoiTe -qpzav, y.ai ^€KTi9pot; €111 Tovraiq. u^ tov^ mai'Taf €ivai. (Sa.o'kXeiq Sexa' uv 0 xpovof T>jf (3a,aiA(ia.i avv- fipQ€ (7apovi litaTov eiyiocrt, (na< Tiepi rov v.ctTay.'Kva'f/.QV, •Keep ofMia [/.ev ov/. aicapccA- Xaxra Keyn oirtuj.) jiaet' Ei^eS«/!e<r%ov aXXoi Tjve? i^p^av v.QA ^eio'iOpof' y 8ij Kpo)/o{ ■j:p(i<jy]fAanei y.ev ecrea-Oai irX-r]- 6of ofASpui/ Aeaiou Tre/ATTTr; cttj Sexa. vtfXefe* Se wav i3,t* ypa/x-
TToXci T>) €v ^iTnrapoKTtv aico- x-pvipai. leicrtOpoi Se TauT-x twiTeXea TTOJijo-aj, eufiei'? eii Api/,€viov(; ave7r?.&)e,v.a* -nff^pav- Tixa. u.iv xaTeXa/A^ave xa eve S'fot;. TptTT) Se ^uepT) eTztna, uv ey.OTra<re, i/.fT7jn tuv opviQuv 'netpvjv ■jioievjA.evoi, eiiiov yrjv tOotev TOV vhaTot; eyc^vaav. A» 8e evcSe%o/*evov <T(f)€ai; wtXayeoj (^%aveos, anopeovcrai oy.-^ KaOop- l^vjc-ovTui, Ts-apa tov '^eiaiOpov oirtav xof^i^ovrai, itat eir' at;- TTjffiv izepai. 'Cl^ 8e ttjo-* Tp»T»)(7J 6VTu;^eev, aTTiKaro y^ip Svj TiTjXov KaTairXeot tod? T«p-
four double-shaped personages came out of the sea to land, whose names were Euedocus, Eneugamus, Eneu- boulus, and Anementus : after these things was Anodaphus, in the time of Euedoreschus. There were afterwards other kings, and last of all Sisithrus : so that in the whole, the number amounted to ten kings, and the term of their reigns to an hundred and twenty sari. (And among other things not irrelative to the subject, he con- tinues thus concerning the deluge :) After Euedoreschus some others reigned, and then Sisithrus. To him the deity Cronus foretold that on the fifteenth day of the month Desius there would be a deluge, and com- manded him to deposit all the writings whatever that he had, in the city of the Sun in Sippara. Sisithrus, when he had complied with these com- mands, instantly sailed to Armenia, and was immediately inspired by God. During the prevalence of the waters Sisithrus sent out birds, that he might judge if the flood had sub- sided. But the birds passing over an unbounded sea, and not finding any place of rest, returned again to Sisithrus. This he repeated. And when upon the third trial he suc- ceeded, for they then returned with their feet stained with mud, the gods translated him from among men. With respect to the vessel, which yet
BEROSSUS.
23
a-ovi, Sffoi jWtv e| avOpuTiuv remains in Armenia, it is a custom
cxxpavitflva-iv. To Se uXotov ev of the inhabitants to form bracelets
Ap/AfviTj Ttepicfirra ^vKuv aXi^i- and amulets of its wood. — Syncel.
<pccpf/.ay.Qi TOKTiv i'ni-xfiipiOKTi 38. — Euseb. Prcep. Evan. lib. 9. —
Ttapfixero. Euseb. Chron. 5. 8.
OF THE TOWER OP BABEL.
EvT« 8* ol Xeyovat T$vq 'Kpairon; fx •yijf avatr^ovTa?,
Oevrai;, Kai Sij S'eav xara- (fjpoi/rjiravTai, [ajxeivovai; eivai, •Kvpyav Tvptriv "^Xt^aTOV aetpeiv, Iva vw Ba^vXwv eiTTtv' >jSi7 xe aa<Tov iivat rov ovpavov, Y.cti rovi; avefAOvq, OeoKTt ^leOeovrai; avazpitliai itept avroio-* to lAyixau/rj/Aa. tov S^jra epentta Keyea-dai Ba€vXuva. Tea? 8e ovTaj o[A,oyXu(7a-ovi 6>t S'et'v %oXv9pa (puvfjv eveiY.a(TQa,i, iMra he Kpovu re >ca< T<t5jv< <rv(7T>)vat noXeu-ov. o Se totto? ev u vvpyov a!y.oho[/,vja-av, nvv Ba^vXav vcaXejT<x», S<a tijv a-uyXuo-*!' TOV irept t^v S«*Xe>t- Tov Tcpurov evxypovi;. 'E^pctict ya.p T-/)i/ a-vyxva-iv Ba^eX xwXowr*.
They say that the first inhabitants of the earth, glorying in their own strength and size, and despising the gods, undertook to raise a tower whose top should reach the sky, where Babylon now stands : but when it approached the heaven, the winds assisted the gods, and overturned the work upon its contrivers : and its ruins are said to be at Babylon : and the gods introduced a diversity of tongues among men, who till that time had all spoken the same language : and a war arose be- tween Cronus and Titan: but the place in which they built the tower is now called Babylon, on account of the confusion of the tongues ; for con- fusion is by the Hebrews called Babel. — Euseb. PrcBp. Evan. lib. 9. — Syncel. Chron, AA. —Euseb. Chron. 13.
BEROSSUS :
FROM ALEXANDER POLYHISTOR.
-9^ t-J <^ 9 ^
OF THE COSMOGONY
THE DELUGE.
Ttcv Ba.^vXwviay.uv (pyjo't, ye- veaOai fxev avrov v.ara AXef- a,vbpov TQv $<X»Ti-iroi) ttiv t\Ki- yuav. ava.ypa(pa(; Se 'tcq'aXuv ev BatvKuvt (pvXaa'(7€<7^ai
ercov '710V i/irep [/.vpicciuv Sexa- xaiTTfvTe iceptexova-a^ y^pawV Trepje^etv 8e ra? avaypa/pai laTopta^ irept rov ovpccvov, xa» ^a'Aaa'arji, v.ai 'Kpwcoyoviaq, xat ^acTiXfwVf v.ex,i ruv nar' airrovf 'Kpu^ecci/.
Kcct Tipurov y.ei' xt\v Ba^v- \tiivia,v ytiv {(pri<ri) Keia-dat ei:i Tov Tiypi^oi; Y.a,i 'Evcppco- rov i:ora[Aov [/.((tyij/. <f)veiv Se ai/Tijv itvpovi aypiovq, yia.i >ipi6a<;, v.a.1 o%p<iv, xa< a-^a-a- y-w, Y.ai Taq €v to»? k'Keai ^vofAivaq pj^a? ecrOiea-Oov tj/flwa^eirSat avTa(; yayycLc,'
Berossus, in his first book concern- ing the history of Babylonia, informs lis that he Hved in the time of Alex- ander the son of Philip. And he mentions that there were written ac- counts preserved at Babylon with the greatest care, comprehending a term of fifteen myriads of years. These writings contained a history of the heavens and the sea ; of the birth of mankind ; also of those who had sovereign rule ; and of the actions achieved by them.
And in the first place he describes Babylonia as a country which lay between the Tigris and Euphrates. He mentions that it abounded with wheat, barley, ocrus, sesamum; and in the lakes were found the roots called gongae, which were good to be eaten, and were in respect to nutri- ment like barley. There Avere also palm trees and apples, and most
i
BEROSSUS.
25
Tscvrtxi yipiOcbti;. ytvetrdai Se (poivixct^, y.a.1 (Ji.-q'Ka, ymi to. Xoncx a-Apotpva,, y.at lyfivaq y.ai opvea,, yfpG-a.ioi, re y.u.i Xiuvxia. etvai 2e avT/i^ ra. /^ev jtaTst Apy.€^av y.eprj ayvtpx re Mat avca/)7ra, tcc oe avri-^ei- fAtva Tfj Apa^iix, opeivx re vcaj €V(f)Opa,. fv 8e tt; Bcc^vXuvi icoXv vX-fjOa^ avBpuTtuv yiveaOai aXXoeOvicv v.ct~oiY:qiTa,VTuv ttjv XaXSa(av' Zr^v Se avrovq ccIoly.- T&'{, u'a-uep Ta ^ripia. Ev 8e Ta) Tcparoj eviavTO) <f)avyj- vai ey. tvj; EpvOpa.^ S'aAao-o-yjj •iiarx TOv oixoppovvTa tottov ttj Ba.bvXuvigt'i^uoi/ acppevov ovojAcirt Qayvrji/, (^KCtOuq xa* Aw&XXo- Sapo? ttTTopTjcre,) TO jUev oXo!/ cruf^oo e%ov ty^dvoi;' tmo oe T»jy viScpaX'/jv 'Kapoi.itupiVtf.vMv aXk-qv v.i(paKrjV into ymtu T'tj; tov iy^v% Ke(pxX'<iij y.ot.1 woSa? Ojtto<&'5 avGpanov, itxpaiie^v- Koraq 5e eve tv;? oii|Jaf TOf lyfivoq' eivai Se avTw (pcovqv av6pa)T:ov, tt^v Se Cixova avTou €Tt xai vw hici(pv'kaa-(re<Td'zi. Tovro Se ((p-rjuiv) to ^aov Tij)/ |i>ce» 7jix,epav htalptteiv [/.erex. ruv avBpccTiuv, jj.'fi^ij/.iav rpocpriv •KptxrcpipoiAivciv' icctpoiZiCiovai re T0<5 aiBp'jovoiq 'Ypci[jt.[/.aruv, y.a,( [ACcO-qrxarciJv, nat rey^i/aiv 'KOMr^a'Kuv ejj'.Tteipioi.v, nai itokeuv <TvvoiY.i(TiA,ovq, nat Upoiv
kinds of fruits ; fish too and birds ; both those which are merely of flight, and those which take to the element of water. The part of Babylonia which is bordered upon Arabia, was barren, and without water ; but that which lay on the other side had hills, and was fruitful. At Babylon there was (in these times) a great resort of people of various nations, who in- habited Chaldea, and lived without rule and order like the beast of the field.
In the first year there made its appearance, from a part of the Ery- thraean sea which bordered upon Babylonia, an animal endowed with reason, who was called Cannes. (Ac- cording to the account of ApoUodo- rus) the whole body of the animal was like that of a fish ; and had un- der a fish's head another head, and also feet below, similar to those of a man, subjoined to the fish's tail. His voice too, and language, was articu- late and human ; and a representa- tion of him is preserved even to this day.
This Being in the day-time used to converse with men ; but took no food at that season ; and he gave them an insight into letters and sciences, and every kind of art. He taught them to construct houses, to found temples, to compile laws, and explained to them the principles of
V
26
BEROSSUS.
l^pvcreii, V.CU vajAuv etiffiyrjo-eigf Kai yeoiixerpiav SiSacvcetv, xa* (TTcepiAaTa, x.ai Kapiruv crvva- yuya^ inzo^eiYMveiv, xat avv- okuq itMiia, Ta upoq vjixepiiaiv ai/7]Koyrcc l^iov TcapaZ&wcti toi? avOpuitoi^, aTto Se TOf %povQv eneoov Qvhiv aXXo 'K€pi(r(70v eiipedvjV(i!,i. Tov Se 'q'Mov Zvv:<.m- T05 TO Zfiiov Tovrovt Clavj'fiv Si'vaw naXiv ei<; rtji' OctXatro-civ, aai T«5 i/UKToc^exei SjaiTacrfiat" eivai yap avrov a[A.(f)t€iov.
"tcrrepov Se (pxvyjvai yiat erf pa, ^«a o/AO<a TOUTa'j/, Trei?* wv ev T7) Ta)v j3a(riA€uv ava- ypcupvi (<pYj(Tiv) irjAcccreiv.
Tov Se Oaj/vojv wepi yevecci; y.ai 'KoXneix^ ypa\pixt, Hat vapabowai TovSe tov Xoyov rotq ai/OpantOK;.
" Tevea-da" (j)Yi<7i " xpovov, ev CO TO Trav itxoto? jta* iSs'p ciyat, xat ev toutoj? ^aa Te^a- TtiSvj, /.a* ethcpveii rag tSea? e%ovTa ^Koyovfjo-^a*. avOpu- i:ovq yap Zntrepovt; yevvjdyivat, evtovg Se Kat rerpaimpovq, kxi hnrpoimitovq' v.ai <Tui/.a [/.(v eXovr<K,g ev, KtcfiaXai Se Sua, av^petav re xa« "yui/ajKe/av, y.cct ajSota Te SiT^Ta, appev vtat ^•(jAii' naf irepovg ai/Qpaitovq, TODj jWfv avyuv o-jceXvj v.a/ v.ipa.rcf, €%ovTa?, tou? Se Itttto-
geometrical knowledge. He made theiu distinguish the seeds of the earth, and shewed them how to col- lect fruits ; in short, he instructed them in every thing which could tend to soften manners and humanize mankind. From that time, so uni- versal were his instructions, nothing has been added material by way of improvement. When the sun set, it was the custom of this Being to plunge again into the sea, and abide all night in the deep ; for he was amphibious. After this there appeared other animals like Cannes, of which Beros- sus promises to give an account when he comes to the history of the kings.
Moreover Cannes wrote concerning the generation of mankind ; of their different ways of life, and of their civil polity ; and the following is the purport of what he said :
" There was a time in which there was nothing but darkness and an abyss of waters, wherein resided most hideous beings, which were produced of a two-fold principle. Men appeared with two wings, some with four and with two faces. They had one body but two heads; the one of a man, the other of a woman. They were like- wise in their several organs both male and female. Other human figures were to be seen with the legs and horns of goats. Some had horses' feet : others had the limbs of a horse
BER0SSU3.
27
{/.fp'/j iTcnuv, ra he ey.TrpoaOev avOpuTCccv, ov^ I'JCKoy.iVTu.vpovq TYiV iteacv €n/ai. 'i^uoyoyyiO-fjvat 8e acci Tavpovq ai'Opuvcov y.e(pa- 'Kccc, iyjiVTac; Y.ai ■/iV!/oc(; rerp/x- a-ccjxc.Tavq, ovpaq ly^pvoc, en lav oniadev fAipuv e^'^vroii;, K<f,i
Bpcczovi;, vtat ertpa. Z,ooa Kecpcc- Aai; y.ey Ka< (Tuixara, Izirccv €%«VTa, ovpaq Se txOvuv. v.ai aXka Sc "C^ua tsavToha-Kuv S'vj- pmv uop(paq (.•/ovto.. wpoi; Se rovToit;, ty^dvai;, xac< fpTcera, km 0(pett;, v.tx.1 oKKoc "^cccx. TiXeio^/a, ^uvfAaa-Ta y.ai VTap'riKKayyo/a. laq o^pet^ oKkrfKav e^ovTw' ^v y.ai Ta$ ejvtova^ ev tw tou BrjXov vaop avaKenjOaci.
Ap'(eiv 8e TovTuv %avruv yvKx.iY.a '/) ovo[AaOi^opUY.a,' iii/ai Se TovTo XaXSaio-Tt jwev 0a- XcitB, 'EXXrjvtiTTi Se fxeOep- [^■^feverai i^ccXaaaa, yiara Se Kj-oyp7j<pov o-eX'/jvTj* oinug Se xwy
BovTo, B'jjXov (Tp^jtra* t»jv "yu- va<'<ta jMcrtiv, v.a.i to jitev rj[/,it7v oMTfiq Ttofriuai yrp/, to Se aXXo riiAKTv ovpavov, y.ai to, €v avrrj "^ua tzipavKrai' aXX'/j- 70|j*vta!? Se {(pfjaiv) tovto y.ev (pvaiokoyeicrOai. iypov yap ov- Toq Tou Ti-avTO?, xa* ^&'&)v ev anTw ytyevriiJLivav f tovTov rov
behind, but before were fashioned Hke men, resembling hippocentaurs. Bulls likewise bred there with the heads of men ; and dogs with fourfold bodies, and the tails of fishes. Also horses with the heads of dogs : men too and other animals, with the heads and bodies of horses and the tails of fishes. In short, there were crea- tures with the limbs of every species of animals. Add to these fishes, reptiles, serpents, with other won- derful animals, which assumed each other's shape and countenance. Of all these were preserved delineations in the temple of Belus at Babylon.
" The person, who was supposed to have presided over them, was a woman named Omoroca ; which in the Chal- daic language is Thalatth ; which the Greeks express Thalassa, the sea: but according to the most true com- putation, it is equivalent to Selene, the moon. All things being in this situation, Belus came, and cut the woman asunder : and out of one half of her he formed the earth, and of the other half the heavens ; and at the same time destroyed the animals in the abyss. All this (he says) was an allegorical description of nature. For the whole universe consisting of
28
BEROSSUS.
aXvjv, y.a.t TO pvev alj/.a, tov^ a'K'Kovq deov(; cpvpaadai ttj yrj, y.at htairXctcrcci tcv^ avBpwnovq' tia, vo€pov(; re €iv<K,i, yiai (ppovrj- (reui; ^eiai; f/^rty^eiv . rov he B^jXov, ov Aiac i/.edepiA,'fjvevoviTif f/.eo'ov re[/.(ivTa to cvtOTo? -^0}- piarai yvjv v.ai ovpa-vov a-K (/.Kkflkav, y.a,t ZtaTacoci tov y-Oir/AOV* ra Se '^acc ovk ei/ey- Kwra T-/JV rov cpuroi hwafxii/ (pBoLfYivcu- lOovra, Se rov Bvj- "kw xwptxv (py][xov Y.ai v.a.p'KO- (popov, xeXeu<ra; en tuv Sjeuv T1JV K£^aX'/)v a(p€A0i/Ti eavrov TO) anoppvevri a.liA.a,Ti <hvpa.(T(Xt Tnjv yyiv, y.ai SjairAaira* av- Bpwnavq, v.ai Bfjpia to, Swa/xeva Tov cf^ipa, (pepeiv' atiOTeXiaai Se rov BojXov, nat aarpa, y.ai VjKiOV, y.c(,i (TeXTjr/jv, y.cct rovq TrevTe wXaj/ijTa?."
(Ev Se T7) hevrepa rovi; Sexa ^acTiXeii ruv Xa'Ahatut, v.a,i Toy j(;poj'oy tij? ^cca-tXeta^ ccv- Tuv, (Tapovq eKccrov efAOai, vjToi eruv f^vpia^oc^ tecaapa,- VMTo. rpei;, xai Zvo ^iXiotSaj, eaj Tov y.aTa.'/.'Kva-j/.ov. Afve* yap 0 avTO? AXe^avSpoj, i? airo T-riq ypa<pv}i toiv XaXSajwv av6i? TrapaxaTi&JV airo ewaToi;
moisture, and animals being conti- nually generated therein ; the deity (Belus) above-mentioned cut off his own head : upon which the other gods mixed the blood, as it gushed out, with the earth ; and from thence men were formed. On this account it is that they are rational, and par- take of divine knowledge. This Be- lus, whom men call Dis, divided the darkness, and separated the Heavens from the Earth, and reduced the universe to order. But the animals so lately created, not being able to bear the prevalence of light, died. Belus upon this, seeing a vast space quite uninhabited, though by nature very fruitful, ordered one of the gods to take off his head ; and when it was taken off, they were to rnix the blood with the soil of the earth ; and from thence to form other men and animals, which should be capable of bearing the light. Belus also formed the stars, and the sun, and the moon, together with the five planets.
(In the second book was the history of the ten kings of the Chaldeans, and the periods of each reign, which consisted collectively of an hundred and twenty sari, or four hundred and thirty-two thousand years ; reaching to the time of the Deluge. For Alex- ander, as from the writings of the Chaldteans, enumerating the kings from the ninth Ardates to Xisuthrus,
BEROSSUS. 29
^oia-tXeco(; Apbccrov eiri rov who is called by them the tenth,
SevcflsTov Keyo[A€V(jy itap' avToii; proceeds in this manner;)
Si<Tivdpov, OVTCCq.^
AphaTov Se TeXenTijo-avTo? After the death of Ardates, his
Tov. vlov avrov aicrovBpov /3a- son Xisuthrus succeeded, and reigned
<Ti\ev(Tai a-apovi; svtTwjtatSejca* eighteen sari. In his time happened
eTr; tovtov //.eym y.a,ray.Xv3— the great Deluge; the history of which
jwov yevecrdat. avxypupearQcci is given in this manner. The Deity,
Se Tov Xoyoy ovTii?. tov Kpovov Cronus, appeared to him in a vision,
avrv viaTcc rov tuvo'j ema- and gave him notice that upon the
Tocyra (pavaci, [/.■/jvoq Aa,i(7ix fifteenth day of the month Dsesia
itejA.m'ri y.at Se^iaTT) rovq there would be a flood, by which
av^puTtovi; into y.oi.ra.-/(.Xva-[/.ov mankind would be destroyed. He
(j)9ccpria-£cr9iiit. y.eA€va-ai ovv therefore enjoined him to commit to
Si« ypafA.[Aa.ruv Ttavrai/ apyaz wntmg a history of the beginnino",
xa< /xeo-a vmi reXerac:; opv^- procedure, and final conclusion of all
avTa ^etvai ev nrAet ijXiov things, down to the present term ;
'Si'7['7[a.poi(;,-^ocu/cx.viryjyrj(Tay.ei'ov and to bury these accounts securely
<rKpupo(; €[^^-/jya,i iji€Taruv (7vy- in the city of the Sun at Sippara;
yei/uv KCfA aytzy^ccij^v <f)iXo^v' and to build a vessel, and to take
evOeaOoct St l3pw;A.a.Ta. Kat no- with him into it his friends and re-
y.aTa, efji^aXetv le >ta< ^s'a lations ; and to convey on board
wTvjva V.CX.I TeTpcc-Kolci, xa* every thing necessary to sustain life,
TsavTo. €vrp€T:icrni/.f)'Ov, nXeiv. and to take in also all species
epurui[A€vovie 'KovKXe^; (pccvat, of animals, that either fly or rove
wpoi Tovi; Seovi;' ev^ay-ivov av- upon the earth ; and trust himself
Bpumoti; aya.%a yevsaQai. tovV to the deep. Having asked the
ov '^apaKova-avTo,, vtuvn-fiyrj- Deity, whither he was to sail ?
a-avTo, a-y.cc(po(;, to yev y^KO(; he was answered, " To the Gods :"
o-TaSiwv mvre, to Se irXaTs? upon which he offered up a prayerfor
raSjwv Sfo' TO, Se (jwra-yfivjla. the good of mankind. And he obeyed
Travra crt))/6e(75a<, >{«< -yyvaf/tci, the divine admonition: and built a
xa< rejtva, xccj roy^ ava.yv.aiovc, vessel five stadia in leno-th, and in
</)jXou? iy.ti,ta<Ton. ytyoi^vov breadth two. Into this he put every
Se Toy yi.aTa.Y.Xv(Ty.ov, na« ev- thing which he had got ready ; and
Biuq Xri^avToi' rcov opveuv tiva last of all conveyed into it his wife,
30 BEROSSUS.
Tov S,ta-ov9pov aipiemt. r<f, 8e children, and friends. After the flood
ov rpo(prii> €vpo>ra ovre Towoy had been upon the earth, and was in
oirov KaOiacci, itaKiv eXGeiv eiq time abated, Xisuthrus sent out some
TO is-hotov. TOV Se Bia-ov9pov birds from the vessel ; which not
TraXiv jM,€Ta Tiva? ijjwepa? «(/)<£- finding any food, nor any place to
vat TO. opvea' tuvtcx. 'de vrxXiv rest their feet, returned to him again.
€«? T-qv vaw eXdeiv tov; TroSa? After an interval of some days, he
iteTffiKccjMvovi; f%ovTa' to Se sent them forth a second time ; and
zpnoy atp€6(vTa, ovy. €t; eA- they now returned with their feet
Oeiv ei? TO wXojoi'. tov he 5«- tinged with mud. He made a trial
a-ovOpov evvorjSyjvai yrjv a>am- a third time With these birds; but
(pyivevat' heKovra Ti tccv rov they returned to him no more : from
tihoiov poccpuv iA.epoi; tj, y.%i whence he formed a judgment, that
tSoj-Ta irpoauKfiXav to ttXojov the surface of the earth was now
opei nvt, (.vS'/ivai i^era t)j? above the waters. Having therefore
yvvaiMi;, ymi ttj? ^vyarpoi, made an opening in the vessel, and
v.at rov y.vSepvrjTov Trpoavivv/j- finding upon looking out, that the
a-avTo, Ttjv 7VJV, xat /Swfcoj/ vessel was driven to the side of a
t'bpvaaiji.evov, Kcti ^va-taa-ocvTcc mountain, he immediately quitted it,
Toi? ^eoiq, jtviaQoci /xeTa -coov being attended by his wife, his daugh-
eviMavTuv rov tcKoiov cupai/v]. ter, and the pilot. Xisuthrus imme-
Touj §€ vTcojjLdvavrai; ev tw diately paid his adoration to the
•cj-Xojy, /Avj eia-iTopevo[A.evo:v earth : and having constructed an
ray icepi rov B.tiyovO pov , evt- altar, offered sacrifices to the gods.
€avra<; '^vjreiv avrov ent ovo- These things being duly performed,
fjMroi ^omvraq. rov Se H<o"ou- both Xisuthrus and those who came
6pov avrov (/.tv avroi^ ovk €t» out of the vessel with him, disap-
otpOvjvai' (puvriv ^e €k rov afpoq peared. They, who remained in the
yeveo-^a*, KeXeLoycrctv, wi; leov vessel, finding that the Others did
c/MTovi; eivai ^iocreSeii, v.ai not return, came out with many
map avruv lia rrjv fvaeteiav lamentations, and called continually
TcopiViaOat fxira roiv f^ecjv on the name of Xisuthrus. Him they
o*K)j<7ovTa. T/jf Se avrvji; tj/^^^ saw no more ; but they could distin-
xai rv}v yvvaiHa avrov, y.at guish his voice in the air, and could
rr)v ^vyarfpa, v.ai rov Kv€ep- hear him admonish them to pay due
v)jtijv /A6Te(rxijx€va«. emev re regard to the gods ; and likewise
BEllOSSUS.
31
axnoii^' art eX€V<rovrai itaXiv €i<; Bac.€vAava, Ha« w? stjAccpTcci avTQii;, £)t StTTTra/jwy aveXo- fj.f.i'On; ra ypaufAara 8«aSof vaj To<5 cx,y6p'j!7:ot(;' kxi on oitov €KXiv, rj %ap% Apu-ei/txt; cmv' rovi; 8« aMvcracvTcc^ avra ^v- <jxi re rott; ^eotq, nat mpt^i TcopcuGrjyai en; Ha^vXava.
Tow Se tcXoiov rovrov v.a,ra.-
y.Xa<r6eyToi; ev tt/ ApfAevia, en
{/.epoq n avrov ev rot? Kopvivpat-
cci/ opeci r-q<; Apf/.evi.aqtiai/.eveiy,
v.amvai; a'TO rovTiXoiov jto/Ai^ejy
ano^vovrcK; a<yi.\)aXrov , xpa-T-
I 6a.i Se avT/i'j nzpoq tsd? q/i^o-
\ rpctiiiacj jz-ovq. eXQovraq ovv tov-
I Tou? eti; BccovXuva, rare e-^
'EiTtTiapuv 'Ypa.[xu.aTa avopv^ai,
v.01,1 TcoXeii moXXai; y.riZpvraq,
y.cci lepa avitpvtraiMvov^, irtzXiv
STrr/.n/rcci r-^v Ba,€vXuva.
inform them that it was upon account of his piety that he was translated to live with the gods ; that his wife and daughter, with the pilot, had obtained the same honour. To this he added that he would have them make the best of their way to Babylonia, and search for the writings at Sippara, which were to be made known to all mankind : and that the place where they then were was theland of Armenia. The remainder having heard these words, offered sacrifices to the gods ; and taking a circuit, journeyed towards Babylonia.
The vessel being thus stranded in Armenia, some part of it yet remains in the Corcyrajan mountains in Ar- menia ; and the people scrape off the bitumen, with which it had been outwardly coated, and make use of it by way of an alexipharmic and amu- let. In this manner they returned to Babylon ; and having found the writings at Sippara, they set about building cities, and erecting temples : and Babylon was thus inhabited again. — Stjncel. Citron. 28. — Euseb. Chron. 5.8.
32
BER03&US.
OF ABRAHAM.
Mera xov vtaTaxKvtTjUO!/ After the deluge, ill tlie tenth ge-
SenaTi) yeve? , wa/ia XaXSafOd; nertion, was a certain man among the
T<? ^v 8»t«jo5 ai/^/), vta* //leya?, Chaldseans renowned for his justice
v.ai TO. ovpavta ef^Treipo?. and great exploits, and for his skill
in the celestial sciences. — Euseb.
Prcep. Evan. lib. 9.
OF NABONASAR.
Airo Se 'Na€ova<rapov rovi; ^poyovq T7J? Tuiv a<nepoiv y.h/vj- aeui yiaK^aioi 7jy.pi€o:aav, y.ai aico '^(f.'hhaiuv o\ 'nap 'EXXijo-*
'NaSovaarapoi a-wayacyuv to.; wpa^eii; tuv nipo avrov /3ko"<- Xe&iy, fjcpavia-ev, oirw; wti:' av- TOv t] y.aTapi6jA,'fj(7i^ ytveroii
From the reign of Nabonasar only are the Chaldseans (from whom the Greek mathematicians copy) accu- rately acquainted with the heavenly motions : for Nabonasar collected all the mementos of the kings prior to himself, and destroyed them, that the enumeration of the Chaldsean kings might commence with him. — ISyncel. Chron. 207.
OF THE DESTRUCTION OP THE JEWISH TEMPLE.
Tiva rpoTcov Tre/x^/a^ eTr*
T^V AiyVTTTOV xa< CTtl tflV
7]j/.€Tepav yrjv rov vlov tov kavrov 'i^atovyfibovoaopov jxhto, 'TToXXrjq Swa/Aet'?, €TreiZ-/jTT(p atpfo-Turaq avrov^ eirv&ero, wavTwv €y.parvjaff nai rov vaov ei/i-np^ai tov iv 'lepoao'Kvy.o^q,
He (Nabopollasar) sent his son Nabuchodonosor with a great army against Egyj^t, and against Judea, upon his being informed that they had revolted from him ; and by that means he subdued them all, and set fire to the temple that was at Jerusalem ; and removed our people entirely out
BEROSSUS.
33
o'/.aq re Tavra tov xap tijauv 'Kaov ava.<TT/i<Ta,i, (.n; BabfXw- vot, [AeT'^wcrey. a-v>e^-/j Se y.ict TffV i:oXtv ep-/jjAu9-r]va,i ■^povov €T«y e^bai/.fjY.'JVTaj yi^e^pt livpov Tov Jlepa-aiv ^atri'kfuq. upar-^- <7ai 8e ((|)ijcr«) tov BaouXwiov Aiyvzrov, "Evpioii;, •Psij'C/tv;?, Ap<n€ia.^, Tvavrai Se viiep'SxA- Xoi/.€vov Tan; Trpat^ecr* rovq Tsrpo avTcv XaXSaiwv Hat Ha^vXu- ymv SebaaiKev/.OTQci;,
of their own country, and transferred them to Babylon, and it happened that our city was desolate during the interval of seventy years, until the days of Cyrus king of Persia. (He then says, that) this Babylonian king conquered Egypt, and Syria, and Phoenicia, and Arabia, and ex- ceeded in his exploits all that had reigned before him in Babylon and Chaldaea. — Joseph, contr. Appion. lib. 1. c. 19.
OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR.
A.v.o\j(Taq be o ittzv^p avrov Noc,toTroXXa,a-apo<;, oti o Tercty- [Aevoi; accTpaTTTji eyre Aiyvirriij %ai toiq Tiept ir^y 'Evpictv tijv KoiXyjv v.at Tqt/ '^oiviKqv tottoii; dTtoTraT'^i; yeyovev, ov Swa- jWewf avTQi €Ti Y.a\iOT;a,9eiv, a-va-T'ijcrai tm vla> Na?(;Li;;^oS-
OVOIOpa 6VT( 6TJ 61/ rfKlV.M [/.( p'^
rtva T<j5 ^wafAfuq, e^evei^^pev €7r' avTov. au[jt.fA.i^ixq 8e Na- bovy^ciloyoa-opoi; ry aiiOirraTri, y.a,i TtapaxaQajAevaq , avTOv re €Kvptevo-eVf Y.ai rviv %apu.v e^ etpx/ji (iTto ryjv cciirov ^xa-ikeiau iTcoifjO'eV' TO) 8e Ttccrpi avrov (Tvvet'fi Na§OTroXXat7aj3y, vcara TOiiTOV rov Kxipov app'j:^yj(7ai/ri, ev TTj Ba?t;Xci'v<wv 7roXe« /AeraX- Xa?a« rev (3i'i>, eryj f^eSxTi- hevv.ori ei.y.oaiv enea.
When Nabopollasar his (Nabu- chodonosor's) father, heard that the governor, whom he had set over Egypt, and the parts of Coelesyria and Phoenicia, had revolted, he was unable to put up with his delinquencies any longer, but committed certain parts of his army to his son Nabuchodono- sor, who was then but young, and sent him against the rebel : and Nabu- chodonosor fought with him, and conquered him, and reduced the country again under his dominion. And it happened that his father, Nabopollasar, fell into a distemper at this time, and died in the city of Babylon, after he had reigned twenty- nine years.
34 BEROSSUS.
Aio-^o/Aei/o? le jj-tr ov tto'av After a short time Nabuchodonosor,
T-Tjv Tov Ttarpot; reXevTriv Na- receiving the iiitehigence of his ^ovxohvoa-opoi;, •/r.araa-ryja-ai; ' father's death, set the affairs of Egypt
Ta y.ara, t'/jv Aiyvitrov irpay- and the Other countries, in order,
/*aTa >t«; tvjv Xomyjv x^pccv, and committed the captives he had
y.ai Tovg atxi^aXiiTovi lov^^ic'v taken from the Jews, and Phosnicians,
re aat ^otviy.cov y.a,i I,vpuv and Syrians, and of the nations be-
xa* Tuv v.c/.ra. tvjj/ AiytTTO!/ longing to Egypt, to some of his
ibvm o-wra^aci;ria-i TuvefjiXav, friends, that they might conduct that
//.era ISexpiiTctT-fj; Suvawewj vcat part of the forces that had on heavy
Tvj? XojTTvj? uipekucti; avccy.oiM- armour, with the rest of his baggage,
%iiv €»? T'/JV BacivKuviav, avro^ to Babylonia ; while he went in haste,
opi^Yiti-ai; oAiyo(7To; Ttscpeyes/eTo with a. few followers, across the de-
8;a T'/j? fp'fJiAov et? BaS'uXava. sert to Babylon ; where, when he was
y.!x.Ta,Xata)v 5e ra. z^puyuxTo, come, he found that affairs had been
hiotx.ovfA.eva vt:o XaXSaioiy, Kcti well conducted by the Chaldaeans,
hiaTf}povi/.ey^v t/ju ^xa-iXetocv and that the principal person among
iico rov ^eXria-Tov avTcov, w- them had preserved the kingdom for
pieva-aq e| oXoyiX-fipov ryj? •ara- him : accordingly he now obtained
TpiMfii apxii, Tfij? /xey cctxi^a- possession of all his father's domi-
XwTo«? wajjaytM^uevo? o-w€Ta^- nions. And he ordered the Captives to
ev avroti ccmiyju(; ev roii; be distributed in colonies in the most
(■Ktr/jheioraToti; tvj,- Ba,€vXu- proper places of Babylonia : and
v;a; tottoi? ccirohi^ar avroq le adomed the temple of Belus, and
aizo ruv c/. rov woXe/^ou Xa^y- the Other temples, in a sumptuous
pav, rore Brfhov Upov y.a,i ra. and pious manner, out of the spoils
Xoma, Koo-wijo-a? (piXoriuui;, he had taken in this war. He also
T7JV re lifo.pxovcra.v e| a/j%vj? rebuilt the old city, and added another
-noXiv, v.ai erepav e^udev yrpoa- to it on the OUtside, and SO far re-
%ap;<ra//.ev(i? viai a:/avta*v>j<ra^, stored Babylon, that none, who should
■ff/jof Ta //.-/jMeri hwaaSai rov; besiege it afterwards, might have it in
i:oXiopy.ovvrai; toj/ Tcoray.ov their power to divert the river, so as
avaa-rpe^ovraq eici rr,v moXiv to facilitate an entrance into it : and
y.ara.(r%evuC,eiv, impeSaXero this he did by building three walls
rpeii [Aev r-^^ evSov •jroXe&i? about the inner city, and three about
nepiSoXovi, rpa; §€ t>j? e^a the outer. Some of these walls he
BEROSSUS, 35
rcvTccv, Tov(; fji-ev e^ oiitvi<; -irKii/- built of burnt brick and bitumen, and
Gov Y.Q.I, a(T(paXrov, tok; Se e| some of brick only. When he had
ocvrrji rt^; vrXivOov. y.u.i -reiyj- thus admirably fortified the city with
o-a; a^io}.(iy(t(; Tr,y tcsXtv, y.cii walls, and had magnificently adorned
Tcvi -arvKmati v.'j'7\f.-f\ia.(; Upo- the gates, he added also anew palace
wpeTTK?, T:poa"/.ccrea-y.evay.ev too; to those in which his forefathers had
TsrarpiMti [Saa-iKeioii; irepx dwelt, adjoining them, but exceed-
^aa-iXeia. exoutva ey.eivuv, ing them in height, and in its great
iimpaipovTo, avao-TtijAoi, y.01.1, trjv splendor. It would perhaps require
xoXkfiv Tio'/.vra.eiav. ;xa.Y.poc 8* too lung a narration, if any one were
la-ui; ecrrai eccv to; e^rjy/jTai, to describe it: however, as prodi-
srXijv ovra, ye itq vTTip^oXyjv giously large and magnificent as it
i'5 fxeyaXa v.ai inttpritpava., was, it was finished in fifteen days.
TWiTiXiaO-q rjiAepoci^ leKcmev- In this palace he erected very high
Te. ev Se toii; ^aa-iKeion; tcv- walks, supported by stone pillars ;
■ron;avaKr^jA.f/MTaXi6tva,li^Xoi. and by planting what was called
a.va)•Mlo}^^fl<Tac, v.a.i ttiv oxfyiv a pensile paradise, and replenishing
aTToSoi? ofAoioTdTiiv Toif op€(ri, it with all sorts of trees, he rendered
KarcKpvTiva-a^ t€y^pe<ri txrav- the prospect an exact resemblance
To^amn; e^apycca-aTo, v.cli of a mountainous country. This he
y.aTao-Keiao-a? tov naAou/xevov did to please his queen, because she
y.p€iA.9,(rTov T^apateta-ov, ha, to had been brought up in Media, and
Tvji/ yvmiKa avTov iTnOvy-itv was fond of a mountainous situation.
T1J? opuai ha$€a-ea'i, re6pa[A- — Joseph, contr. JppionAih. 1. c. 19.
/Ae»jv ev TO(s Kara tijv M»)S«av — Syncel. Chroil. 220.~Euseb. Prcep.
■^o^fi'?. Evan. lib. 9.
OF THE CHALDiEAN KINGS AFTER NEBUCHADNEZZAR.
'Na€ovxoh}'0(Topc(; (/.(.v oiv Nabuchodonosor, after he had be-
/*€Ta TO ap^aaOai tov vrpofi- gun to build the abovementioned wall,
p^lA€>ov liiypvc, (y-Tieaav eii; fell sick, and departed this life, when
appua-riav, ^eT^A?.a|aTo tov he had reigned forty-three years ;
fitoy, ^i€ac<nX€wui "ij rea- whereupon his son Evilmerodachus
36 BEROSSUS.
a-apay.ovTccTpia. r/ji ^e jSaa-i- obtained the kingdom. He governed
'Aeixi Y.vpioq eyevero o vloi; public affairs in an illegal and impro-
avTov Et;€<X/AapaScu%o;. ottoq per manner, and by means of a plot
itpoinaq rosv 'r^payy.ocruv avo- laid against him by Neriglissoorus,
/At'? v.ai aa-eXyuq, em^ouXet- his sister's husband, was slain when
9e<? iiTio TC'j Tfjv a^eXipYjy he had reigned but two years.
(v^ovTO^ avrov Nvjpi'yXjo-croopot; av7ipe6'/j, ^aa-i'Aeva-ai CTrj Sua.
Mera 8e to avatpeOrivai After his death Neriglissoorus,
rovTov, lto'.de^Qt,[A€uoi tvjv apx^v who had conspired against him,
0 €Ti€ovXevcra(; avra 'Nript- succeeded him in the kingdom, and
yXta-aoopoi;, e€a,(nX€va-£v €t^ reigned four years. Tea-a-apa.
TovTov vlo,; AaSopotroccpxo- His sonLaborosoarchodus obtained
8of fyivpieva-e (mv tyi(; /3«(7t- the kingdom though he was but a
Xeia; nracii; cov (jL-qva^ evnct' child, and kept it nine months ; but
eiritovXevOeK; 8e, S<a to ttoXXo. by reason of the evil practices he
€[/.(patvetv y.aM-fi6y], viro ruv exhibited, a plot was laid against
(jytXuu aneTviA'K'jcvta-9'^. him by his friends, and he was tormented to death.
A-TcoXoiJifvov he tovtov, crw- After his death, the conspirators
eX6ovrei ol €'Kt€ovX€V(j-(^vTe(; assembled, and by common consent
avTO), MivTi T'fiv /3ao-(Xe(ay put the crown upon the head of Na-
'jcfpifO/iv.a.v Na^owTjSw rivi tuiv bonnedus, a man of Babylon, and
fx l&abvXwvoi;, ovti e/. t^i; one of the leaders of that insurrec-
avTrji €iiKTV(TTaa-€cc<;. evi tov- tion. In his reign it was that the
tov ia TTipi TOV TioTaiAw Te»%'/j walls of the city of Babvlon were
T5J5 Ba^vXccvicov T-jXecc^, f| curiously built with burnt brick and
oTTTi)? zrXivQw yicci ao-<j}aXTov bitumen. KaTev.oi/jWyy&oj.
Ovarii Ze t>]? ^aa-iXeiai; But in the seventeenth year of his
avTov ev ra €T[rcicy.atie-nccru reign, Cyrus came out of Persia with
cTfj, -Kpoe^eXvjXvda'i Kvpo^ evt a great army, and having conquered
rYj<; Ile/jo-iSos jt*€T« iv>a/ji.€!ci; all the rest of Asia, he came hastily
woXXy;?, xa» iia,Taa-Tp€\Pa.[A€vo<; to Babylonia. When Nabonnedus
Tviv Xoiiryiu Aaiav 'waa-av, up- perceived he was advancing to at-
BEROSSUS.
37
aier6oiA,evo<; Ss Na^ovj-vjSo? t^c ecpotov avTcv, aTravTijcra;^ //.era Ti;5 Sfvaufi'^ )ia< -sTapscTdi- a[A€VO(;, 'qTTrfiei^ rri u.'^XV ^*' (bvyav o'/.r/oa-TOf, crvyiy.7.£t!76/j €1^ rrjv Bopcrnnrvjvxy TtoKiy.
tojj!,evo^, y.ci.i (rvvrcc^cci; rx egu Tyji T.oV.eaqriLyjfi y.aTXTY.a-\\ja.t, 8<ct TO Xiav avTCf ■zirpayu.o'.ri- KyjV Y.01,1 ivaaXi'Tov (pciyqvai Trjy noXtv, ave^iv^fv €1:1 "Rop- (TtitTiov, (■/.■zdkiopy.TiadJV TOv Na- tovvr^joy. rov SfNaSow/jSou ou^ vvofAetyavro^ Tvjy 'sroAiopy.iccv, a'/O' ey)(iEip-fiiTavroq aiirov, TTpOTepov ■)(^jvj(ra[A,eyoi Kvpoq (pi- }.a.vQpaTtu:^, Y.v.t tw^ oiicfjTTjpiov aiTU [\.ap[/.!x,yiccv, efe7rfai//€v €vc T5IJ5 'Ba^vXiivicci;. Na^ov- vvjSo^ f*.ey ovy, to AOiTrov toi; y^povov ^layivoi/.evoq €v ev.nvp T7) X'jcpa, •Ao.rea-Tpeype roy jSioy.
tack him, he assembled his forces and opposed him, but was defeat- ed, and fled with a few of his attendants, and was shut up in the city Borsippus. Whereupon Cyrus took Babylon, and gave orders that the outer walls should be demo- lished, because the city had proved very troublesome to him, and difficult to take. He then marched to Bor- sippus, to besiege Nabonnedus ; but as Nabonnedus delivered himself into his hands without holding out the place, he was at first kindly treated by Cyrus, who gave him an habita- tion in Carmania, but sent him out of Babylonia. Accordingly Nabon- nedus spent the remainder of his time in that country, and there died. — Joseph, contr. App. lib. 1. c. 20 — Eiiseb. Prcep. Evan. lib. 10.
OF THE FEAST OF SACEA.
Brjpixriroi Be ev irpurai Ba- G'uXwwffx&JV, TO) Awu, (p'/jO'i, ^jitivt «>tvt5i«SevtaT7] ayetrOas. iop~ T'/)v Savtta? ':!rpoa'cii,yopfvoi/,ey'^y ev Ba€vAii}yt eTit viy.epot.1; TifvTe, ev al(; i6oq etvai ap^eo'Oai Tovi Seo-sroTa? vwo ruv or/.eTccv,
Berossus, in the first book of his Babylonian history, says ; That in the eleventh month, called Loos, is cele- brated in Babylon the feast of Sacea for five days ; in which it is the cus- tom that the masters should obey their domestics, one of whom is led
38 BEROSSUS.
a(f)t]yeia-6ai re tvj? oiwa? ivcc, round the house, clothed in a royal
avTuv evSeSvKOTa ^oXvjv oiA.oiav garment, and him they call Zoganes.
T7) ^aa-ikiy.rjy ov YMKaa-Qai — AthetlCEUS, lib. 14.
Zuyai/yjv.
MEGASTHENES
FROM ABYDENUS.
OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR.
ABTAHN02 ev Tr\ Aa-<rvpiccy 'ypQi,(j)ri, Meyaa-OevYji; Se (p-fi^ri. NatovKO^poTopov 'H^avtXeo? aXtctfAoirepov yeyovoTa eiri re Ai€vYjv y.ai iSfipf/jv (TTptrev- aai' ravrai; 8e y^eipu<Ta[A€voy aTio^a<rfA,cv avreuv ei^ roc 8ef«a rov irovrov ■K.aroixia-ai. McTa he KeyeTcci irpoq XaX- Satav, an; avxSccq (tti rot. ^cc- o-tXyj'i'a Karaa-x,e.9ei'/] ^€'j) orea Stj. (j)9€y^ct,r/.evo<; oe em€v ovtu^. '* Eyw 'Na^ovy.o^poo'opo^, oi Ba.- tvhavioi, TTjy f/.i'kXoiicrav ii[/.iv ■wpoayfeXKu a-vf/.(bopriv, tijv oure BijXo^ euoi; ■wpoywoq, ovre psciTiXeioo H/jXtii; airoTpeypaci (/.otpx^ Tteicrcci a-Bevovri. -^fet Hepdrji; 'qfuovoq TOta-i v[AfTepoi(ri hailMs-t '/^pecc[A€vog (rv[A.iJi.(Zxot- aiv' €Tta,^6i Se hovXotrvvTji/. ov drj a-vvairiog earai MtjSt;? to ka-avpiov av-/rii/.(x,. s'j eiOe [/.iv "wpoirOev, •/] hcmvai tovi; 'woXi-fj- laq, yr^apv^biv riva 17 ^aXcccr-
Abydenus, in his history of the Assyrians, has preserved the follow- ing fragment of Megasthenes, who says : That Nabucodrosorus, having become more powerful than Hercules, invaded Libya and Iberia, and when he had rendered them tributary, he extended his conquests over the inhabitants of the shores upon the right of the sea. It is moreover related by the Chaldseans, that as he went up into his palace he was pos- sessed by some god ; and he cried out and said : " Oh ! Babylonians, I, Nabucodrosorus, foretel unto you a calamity which must shortly come to pass, which neither Belus my an- cestor, nor his queen Beltis, have power to persuade the Fates to turn away. A Persian mule shall come, and by the assistance of your gods shall impose upon you the yoke of slavery : the author of which shall be a Mede, the foolish pride of Assyria. Before he should thus betray my sub-
40 biectASthenes,
cav eia-he^afjievTjv aiia-rudcn jects, Oh ! that some sea or whirlpool
■wpopfiiC,oi', 7j jji.iv aXKai; oiov(; might receive him, and his memory
a-rpacpei/ra (fjepea-Qai Sias tvj? be blotted out for ever ; or that he
€priy.ov, li/x ouT€ aa-rea, ovTe might be cast out to wander through
-3r«T05 avBpuTTuv, ^yipet; h some desert, where there are neither
yajji-ov e^oLia-;, xat opviOe^ 'Kka- cities nor the trace of men, a solitary
"Cfiv-vai, €v Tf TieTprjo-i Kut -/a- exile among rocks and caverns, where
pa^prjo-i I/.0VV01/ aXcii[ji.evov' ey.e beasts and birds alone abide. But
T€ -ar/jj!/ €? i/oov ^aXfaOxi rav- for me, before he shall have conceived
Ta, TeXeoq a[Aeivo'yo(; v.vpi^a at." these mischiefs in his mind, a hap- pier end will be provided."
'O ixev S-fo-mo-a? Trapct.- When he had thus prophesied, he
xpw^ ij^ayjiTTo. 0 Se of •jrai? expired : and was succeeded by his
EviXiJi.aX<ivpovx,o;e€a.a-iXe'j€,Tov son Evilmaluruchus, who was slain
Se 0 y.vjSeo-Tyji; a7rjy.T€(vaf N-/]- by his kinsman Neriglisares : and
ptyXta-apr,i;, Aejwe waiSa, Ax- Neriglisares left Labassoarascus his
tcx,<r<To%paa-Aov. rovrov Se aTro- SOU : and when he also had suffered
Bavovrog ^i%ia> i^optp, Na^av- death by violence, they made Naban-
vt^oxov a-Ko^ei-Mva-i ^atrtXea, nidochus king, being no relation to the
^po<T7jy.oyTa ol ouSev. ru Se royal race ; and in his reign Cyrus
Kvpo; fXuv BaSvXcava. Kxp- took Babylon, and granted him a
jMawij? ijy€u,ovi7jv Zoipeerai. principality in Carmania.
(Kai w£pi Tov v.ri(Tai Se tov And concerning the rebuilding of
Hatovxoloioa-op Tfjv Ba^u- Babylon by Nabuchodonosor, he
Xava., 0 avToq tuvtix, ypcajxi') writes tlius : It is Said that from the
A€yeTOii Se %avTa jwev e| ap- beginning all things were water, called
xv]<; vlvp eivcui, ^aXaira-av the sea (Thalatth?): that Belus Caused
xaXeo/xev^v. BtjXoi/ Se a-(pea this state of things to cease, and ap-
•Kava-ai, yjj^p-qv £'/.ciarqj aitovd- pointed to each its proper place :
j/.ai/Ta, xa,i Ba^vXuva. retj/ft and he surrounded Babylon with a
v€pt€aXeiii' Toi xpm<f %e ra wall : but in process of time this
iwevix-ivo} a(pavn7d-/jvai. re/^j- wall disappeared : and Nabuchod-
a-ai Se av6i(; Hatovxobovoa-opov onosor wallcd it in again, and it re-
To iA.expi rrji MavteSoviiv ap- mained SO with its brazen gates until
xvj? hai^mav eov %aKy.o7rvXoy. the time of the Macedonian conquest.
Ka< iuefl' iTepoc ettXeyei, Na- And after other things he says : Na-
MEGASTHENES.
41
erei^KTe rprnKqi vepi^oXu, ev
Kp\f.a,Y.(3i.\'f\v 'KoraiMv e^-fiyayev, eovroc y.€pa,(; ^vcpp'/jreu, tov re Ky.pa%a,vm. vT:ep Se tvj? Siw- Ttaprjyuu TToXioi, Xay-nov opv^- ajAevQ^, trepiiA.erpov fjLev Tf(7- (TCtpayioyra, 'napoc.ua.yfecc^, (3a,- 6o<; 8' opyviccv er/.oiri, -arvKac, 67recrT>](7ey, rai; avoiyoi/T^i; apoerMv to ireSiSj'' xaXfouo-; o' avTaj eyjirrjyvau.ova,^ eire- Te<%<(7e 8e scat T-qq 'EpvOp-qq '^a}.a(T(T7ii Tfiv eitiyXviTtv, v.cci Tep-ntova 7r(iA(v exxfo-fv, jtara rai; Apxtccv €Kj-toKai;' to. re ^ciiTtXrj'ia ifvdpoit; '^cry.-^a-e, •/ifirj[Acc<TT(jvq ■Kapa^(t<Tovq oi/o- ixa(7cci;.
buchodonosor having succeeded to the kingdom, built the walls of Baby- lon in a triple circuit in fifteen days ; and he turned the river Armacale, a branch of the Euphrates, and the Acracanus: and above the city of Sippara he dug a receptacle for the waters, whose perimeter was forty parasangs, and whose depth was twenty cubits ; and he placed gates at the entrance thereof, by openino- which they irrigated the plains, and these they call Echetognomones (sluices :) and he constructed dykes against the irruptions of the Ery- thrsean sea, and built the city of Teredon against the incursions of the Arabs; and he adorned the palace with trees, calling them hanging gar- dens.— Euseb. Prcep. Evan. lib. 10. — Euseb. Chron. 49.
THE FRAGMENTS
THE EGYPTIAN HISTORIES:
CONTAINING
THE HERMETIC CREED;
THE OLD CHRONICLE;
THE REMAINS OF MANETHO;
AND
THE LATERCULUS OF ERATOSTHENES.
THE HERMETIC CREED:
nPO Ti))' OVTU^ CVTUV, Xat TUV
TOi vLOLi rov 'nrpurov Qeov Y.at
Tv)Tt Tqq (avro'j evoT'/jTO^ [/.evuiv, ovT€ yap vorjTOv avrcp exncXe- y.eTixi, ovTe aXko ri. Hapa.- Secy/yca Se l^pvrai rov ccvtov 7raT|>t3f, cf.vroyoi'ov, y.ai fAoi/o- ■KUTopoi; Qeov, tov ovTuq ayx- 6ov. Mej^oy yocp re vmi irpu- rov, xa< iTtiy/j rav -srai/ruv, ■KCii ■jTvBi/.-riy rcov voovtAfvav w/jMTwv eiSwy ovtwj/. Atto 8e rov kioq rovrov, o avrapy^fji; @eoi kavrov e^eXajAxpe' dio y.cA avTOitarwp vcat avrapy^-fj^. Apx'^ yap avroq y.ai 0eoj 0e«j'. Mova^ eve rov evo?, -zrr^o cvtricK;, v-ai Apx'q rrii; ovata^' aTT* avTOD y<ti,p 'q ovirior-/j^ y.ai
■}] OVata.' tlO VMl V0'iJTap%VJ5
'srpo<7ayop(V€rai. Avrai fAiu ow n<Tiv a.p-/o(,i ■wpeT^vrccrat
Before all things that really exist, and before the beginning of all time, there is one God, prior to the first God, and ruler of the world, remain- ing immoveable in the solitude of his unity ; for neither is intelligence im- mixed with him, nor any other thing. He is the exemplar of himself; the Father, the self-begotten God, who is the only Father, and is truly good. For he is the greatest and the first, the fountain of all things and the root of all primary intellec- tual forms. But out of this one, the God that is self-sufficient shone forth of himself: for which reason he is the father of himself, and all- sufficient: for he is the beginning and the God of gods. He is unity from the only one ; before essence, and yet he is the beginning of essence, for from him is entity and essence ; on which account he is celebrated as the prince of intelli-
46 THE HEUMETIC CREED.
■arai/T&jv, a? 'Epf^'^ii T^po tuv gence. These are the most ancient aiGeptcov •Ml, €iA.T:vptuv Qecov principles of all things, which Hermes -srpti(Tra,TT€i Kat tuv emv- places first in order, before the ethe- pavtuv. real, empyrean, and celestial deities.
— Jamblichus.
THE OLD EGYPTIAN CHRONICLE
$EPETAI ya/j AiyvKTtoti; ita- "KaiOv T< ^povoypacpeiiv irepiexo" a', dwai^-etuv ev ■yeveat? irocAiy Qvy . xpovuv aireipai', ev f/,vpia~
[A,€v Tccv AvpiTuv, devrepov 8e Tcov Mt(TTpatuy, rpirov Se A«- fjitziccv' ovTii hok; e7r< Xe|ecy?
'H.(paK7Tov ^povoi; OVK €<7TtV' 8<a TO nxroi v.ai rj/xipai; avTov (patveiv.
Xeucev eruv ixvpta^aq t/)6<?.
EweiTa Kpovo^ (/pyjo-i) v.ai ot XojTTOt •ziravTe? S'eot SaiSevca f.ta.rTi\i.v<7iv er^, ^7 (-b^tS'.
ETrejTa ■/jf/.iBeot ^a(nXeii; oy.ru err] aiC,'.
Kai jM€t' avTov^ yeueat le. ¥mviY.(iv y.vyX'jV aveypacptjcrciv
E(Ta TawTav t;-', Swacr- Teia, ■yevewv v;'. erwy jjV.
Among the Egyptians there is a cer- tain tablet called the Old Chronicle, containing thirty dynasties in 113 descents, during the long period of 36525 years. The first series of princes was that of the Auritge ; the second was that of the Mestrseans ; the third of Egyptians, The Chronicle runs as follows :
To Hephaestus is assigned no time, as he is apparent both by night and day.
Helius the son of Hephaestus reigned three myriads of years.
Then Cronus and the other twelve divinities reigned 3984 years.
Next in order are the demigods, in number eight, who reigned 217 years.
After these are enumerated 15 generations of the Cynic circle, which take up- 443 years.
The 16th Dynasty is of the Tanites, eight kings, which lasted 190 years.
48
THE OLD EGYPTIAN CHRONICLE.
(fiiruu, yeveccv S'. ctwv py\ Me6' oti; If] . hvuoc^eta, Mef/,-
EwejTa i6' Swao-reia Aioa-- ToKnuv, yevmv e'. eruv p^^. 'Encx, eiKoaryj Suvao-xeta AioaiioXtrccv, yeveav '/j . £T£yv
'EiieiTa Kcc. Syyatnreia Ta- iiTuv, yeveuv 5-'. erwv pvco.'.
EiTa K(3'. Sr'vaTTeta Taw- Twy, yeveccv y . troji/ joitj .
ay', ^vvaa-reicc AiointoAtTuv, yeveuv ^'. eruv t6\
Etra kS'. dwcca-Teia "Ea'iTuv, yeveuv y . eruv //.§'.
fl/jo^ oj? xe . Suvacrxeia A(- OiQTtuv, yeveuv y . eiuv yZ' .
Me6' ov^ vtj-'. ZwaaTeia Me/Acfynuv, yeveuv ^'. eruv poC^.
Kai [A.era tovtovi; yZ,'. Uep- <jUV e . eruv p^h'.
y.yj'.
'E'Kena kO'. dvvaa-reia, Ta- viruv, yeveuv, eruv a6'.
Kui e'Ki 'Jtairaii; X . Swao"- reia Tavirov evoq, eruv I'q .
Ta ttavra ojaov ruv K', ^vvaa-reiuv ervj [Avpia,da{; y. •/«( ,^<pY.e' .
17th Memphites, 4 in descent, ,103 years.
18th Memphites, 14 in descent, 348 years.
19th Diospolites, 5 in descent, 194 years.
20th Diospohtes, 8 in descent, 228 years.
21st Tanites, . 6 in descent, 121 years.
22nd Tanites, . 3 in descent, 48 years.
23rd Diospolites, 2 in descent, 19 years.
24th Saites, . 3 in descent, 44 years.
25th Ethiopians, 3 in descent, 44 years.
26th Memphites, 7 in descent, 177 years.
27th Persians . 5 in descent, 124 years.
28th
29th Tanites, . in descent,
39 years.
30th a Tanite, . 1 in descent, 18 years.
In all, 30 Dynasties, and 36525 years. — Syncel. Chron. 5\.—Euseb. Chron. 6.
MANETHO:
THE EPISTLE OF MANETHO, THE SEBENNYTE, TO PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS.
BA2IAEI /xeyaXo) nToXffAaicp
apx^pev^ nai ypaiJt.[ji.ar€V(; ruv Y.a/v' AiyvKToy Upwv a^vruv, yevet ^e^evvvrrj^ vTi<^p%uVf 'HX«owroA*Tij?, TO) SecriroTTj /aov TlToKejji.atop, Kaipeiv.
'H[A,a<; Set KoytCii<rOaif f^e- ytffre ^a(TiKev, nxepi 7>rixvruv
wpacyi^aruv' enil^vjTovvri <toi 'rrepi tuv jxeXKovTuv ry KOcriAcp yiyv€(rdat Kaflero? yiaXevarai; fioi 'nepKpavyjiTeTai <rot d e^Jt-aBov lepa pi€\ta ypaipevra iico ruv TtpoTtaTopof rpKTfji.eyKTTov 'Ep- f^ov, Eppuao jwo», AetriroTa /aov Ba<rtXfv,
To the great and august king Ptolemy Philadelphus : Manetho, the high priest and scribe of the sacred adyta in Egypt, being by birth a Sebennyte and a citizen of Hehopohs, to his sovereign Ptolemy, humbly greeting :
It is right for us, most mighty king, to pay due attention to all things which it is your pleasure we should take into consideration. In answer then to your inquiries concerning the things which shall come to pass in the world, I shall, according to your commands, lay before you what I have gathered from the sacred books written by Hermes Trismegistus, our forefather. Farewell, my prince and sovereign. — Syncel. Chron. 40. — Euseb. Chron. 6.
50 MANETHO.
THE EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES.
THE DYNASTY OF THE DEMIGODS.
Atyimrioov a. eta<Ti\€va-€v The 1st of the Egyptian kings was
'li(pcct(TTo<; ervj ;^>tS'. rjixKrv Hephgestus, who reigned 7'24 years
Kat rea-a-apai; ■^/Aepa?. and a half and 4 days.
AiyvitTiuv 13'. e^aa-iXeva-ev The 2nd was Helius, the son of
'UXiOi 'Hcpocio-Tov fTYj 'it<r' Hephaestus, 86 years.
AiymTiuv y. f^oLo-iXeva-ev 3rd, Agathodeemon, who reigned
AyaBodaiiAuv erv) v^'. v.ai -^/aj- 56 and a half and ten days.
AiyvTcrtuv h' . e€a.a-iXev(rtv 4th, Cronus, 40 and a half years.
Kpovoi ^Ty; j/, . y.ai ■qj/.tcrv.
Aiyvitrim e. etatriXeva-ev 5th, Osiris and Isis, 35 years.
Otripi^ y.oci I(7«? eT»j Xe .
AtyvTiTHiiv s"'. etaa-iXevffev 6th, . . . years.
€T1J.
AiyvTCTniv 5'. e^aa-tKeva-ev 7th, Typhon, 29 years.
Tv<puv erv] y.6'.
AiyvKTiuv t]. etaa-iXeva-ev 8th, Horus, the demigod, 25 years.
AiyvTCTtccv 6'. etaa-iXeva-fy 9th, Ares, the demigod, 23 years.
Aptji i}[xtdeoi (TV) v.y .
AiyvTcriuv t , etatnXiva-ev 10th, Anubis,the demigod, 17 years.
AvOV^tf 7lfA.l6e0i 6T^ it,'.
AiyvTtriuv *a'. etaaiX^va-fv 11th, Heracles, the demigod, 15
'H/)avcXv)5 '^lAiOeoi ervj je'. years.
AiyvwTfuv i€'. etaa-iXivaiv 12th, Apollo, the demigod, 25 years,
A'ntXXw ^y-iOeo^ fTij y.e'
MANETHO.
51
AiywcTicov ly • eta(TiA(V(r£v
Aiyvtiriav «8'. (€aa'iXev<rev
AiyvTrTjav le , e€a,aiX(v(rev ^u<ro<; rji/.iOtoi; err) K€ ,
AiyvTiriuv t^'. ftaa-tXtvaev
13th, Ammon, the demigod, 30 years.
14th, Tithoes, the demigod, 27 years.
15th, Sosus, the demigod, 32 years.
16th, Zeus, the demigod, 20 years. — Syncel. Chron. 19. — Euseb. Chron. 7.
THE EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES AFTER THE DELUGE.
THE FIRST DYNASTY.
a . Mercc vev-vaq tovj ^/xj-
pi9l/.eiTai ^a<riXe(i)v oktu, uv ■wpuTOi; M^jvvjf &€etvtrYjq eta- a-tXevcrev errj |^'. o? iwo 'Iinro- itorufAov tia-npa/yui tiecpdccprj, i6'. ABaieii (Aewo-e.?)* VJ0< tTYj v^ . 0 Ta ev MejMpei /3ao-<- Xaa OixoSo/x.vjs'as' oi (pepovrai ^itXoi avarofAMca, larpoi yap tin.
€Tij Xa'.
S'. Ov€ve<p7ji (Ov£}/€(f>prii) vioi €T>j xy. e^'. oy aijWOj xaT€<r%€v T>jv AiyvitTov jAfya^. oiroj wapa Ku^uf/.rji' i/jyetpe ■srvpa.ixi.'bac^.
vJoj €T>J x'.
1. After the dead demigods the first dynasty consisted of eight kings, of whom the first was Menes the Thinite ; he reigned 62 years, and perished by a wound received from an hippopotamus.
2. Athothis, his son, reigned 57 years ; he built the palaces at Mem- phis, and left the anatomical books, for he was a physician.
3. Cencenes, his son, reigned 31 years.
4. Venephes, his son, reigned 23 years. In his time a great plague raged through Egypt. He raised the pyramids near Cochome.
5. Usaphsedus, his son, reigned 20 years.
* The names and paragraphs contained between the parentheses are the variations which occur in Eusebius.
52
MANETHO.
r • M«ft8os (Nte^vj?) vloi 6. Miebidus, his son, 26 years.
^'. ^efAejA^iK; (leiJi.eiJi.rpyii) 7. Semempsis, his son, reigned 18
vloi 6T'/7 <V' «^* o"^ <|'So|'a j^e- years. In his reign a terrible pesti-
yKTTv] Kareo-xev tvjv Atyt^wTov. lence afflicted Egypt.
V. Btrivccxqi (Ov^ievTrji;) 8. Bienaches, his son reigned 26
vlog eTTj xr'. years.
Ofjiov erri avy. The whole number of years amount- ed to 253.
THE SECOND DYNASTY.
Aevrepa, Svv«<rTe»a 06»vj- Of nine Thinite kings.
TO)!/ pcc<riA€cov fvvea f<>v.
a . Ilpuro<; Bor}6oq (Bi)%a?) eTV] X'/} . e^' oy •)^a.(T[A.a Kara Bovta<rrov eyevero, nai a-noiX- ovTo woXXo*.
^ . Kaiaxuq {^oo(;) trf\ Kd . €(p^ oil ol )Soe? Att*? €V M6|t*^€i, KOH M'/)vevj ej/ 'HKiov- 'TToXet, xat 0 MevSijcrto^ rpayo^ evofAiOrjirav €tv(f,i ^eoi.
y . BtvcoOpii; (Bio(pt(;) er-q l^ , e^' oy eyiptO-q ra^ ywaiv-a^ potaiXeiai; ye/Jw? e%€iv.
r • y^-Ohp-qq err] «^'.
5'. 'N€(pipx€p'qi €T>j jte'. e^' o5 fAvOeverai tov NciXov [mKiti y(.€Kpa[A,[Mvov yjiJi.epa( IvSexa
(»7 . 1,€a-uxp'<; ^"^^1 f^v'y H
1. Boethus the first reigned 38 years. During his reign a chasm of the earth opened near Bubastus, and many persons perished.
2. Caeachos reigned 39 years. Under him the bulls Apis in Mem- phis, and Meneus in Heliopolis, and the Mendesian goat, were appointed to be gods.
3. Binothris reigned 47 years. In whose time it was judged that women might hold the imperial government.
4. Tlas reigned 17 years.
5. Sethenes reigned 41 years.
6. Chseres 17 years.
7. Nephercheres 25 years. In his time it is said the Nile flowed with honey during eleven days.
(8. Sesochris 48 years, whose height was five cubits, and his breadth three.
MANET no.
53
6'. Xevea^? trrj X'.
O1A.OV iTT) t€ .)
9, Cheneres 30 years.
The whole number of years is 302.)
THE THIRD DYNASTY.
TptTYj dvvaa-reia, Mffc^iTwi' ^atTiXeuv evi/ea' uv
u. 'Nexepocprji (Nexepii^j?) eTrj KTj ■ €(p' ov Ai€vei a-Kecr- T7]iTav AiyvTCTiuv, v.a.i Tr]i; a- X1JVIJ? itafo, Koyov av^-^Geia-fiq, 5«a Seo? kavrovi; irapedoirav .
;S'. Toa-opdpoi; (^(aopStx;) ir/j
Vid'. oi/TO^ AcTKXlJTTWf AfyUTTTJOf
xara Tijy iarpty.-^v vevofAKrrai, xa< T1JV Sia ^e-wv X*9wv oivtoSo- ^jav ivpaTO, aXKct KCti ypacpr^q
y, Tvpiq eTTj ^ .
8'. Meo-ii)%(!(? €T»j t^'.
€ . 2wi'^i? ery; ij- .
5-'. To(7e/3Tai7<? €T>J tO .
5'. Ax«« erij /*^'.
1J . 'SKpOvpK; €T») X .
6'. Keptpep-^i err) xj- . O/xov co"T<y triS .
Of nine Memphite kings.
1 . Necherophes reigned 28 years. In his time the Libyans revolted from the Egyptians, but on account of an unexpected increase of the moon they surrendered themselves for fear.
2. Tosorthrus reigned 29 years. He is called Asclepius by the Egyp- tians, for his medical knowledge. He built a house of hewn stones, and greatly patronized writing.
3. Tyris reigned 7 years.
4. Mesochris 17 years.
5. Soi'phis 16 years.
6. Tosertasis 19 years.
7. Achis 42 years,
8. Siphuris 30 years.
9. Cerpheres 26 years. Altogether 214 years.
THE FOURTH DYNASTY.
TerapT-/) iwaarenx. Me/A- (piruv (Tvyyeveiai efepaq jSao"*- Xeiifj.
a . ^upii erri x6'.
,3'. J,OlHpt<; €T1J 57'. 0{ T1JV
Of eight Memphite kings of a different race.
1. Soris reigned 29 years.
2. Suphis reigned 63 years.
He
54
MANETHO.
fA.iyuTrviv vjyeipe icvfcuiK^a., oii- S'. Mevx€|3ij? eTij'ly'.
built the largest pyramid : he was called also Peroptes, and was trans- lated to the gods, and wrote the sacred book.
3. Suphis reigned 66 years
4. Mencheres 63 years.
5. Ratoeses 25 years.
6. Bicheres 22 years,
7. Sebercheres 7 years.
8. Thampthis 9 years. Altogether 274 years.
THE FIFTH DYNASTY.
nefXTiTYj hvva<7Tticc jS««ri-
jS • ^i(pp'/j{; eTVj ly . y . "Necpepxipyj^ ervj y. .
S'. l^KTipii; €T/j ^'.
5" . VaOovptf €T'/j f^S . ^'. Mepxfp"^!; eryi 6'. vj. Tapxepyii erv) /a8'. 6 , 0€vo(; err] Ky .
Of nine Elephantine kings.
1 . Usercheris reigned 28 years.
2. Sephres 13 years.
3. Nephercheres 20 years.
4. Sisiris 7 years.
5. Cheres 20 years.
6. Rathuris 44 years.
7. Mercheres 9 years.
8. Tarcheres 44 years.
9. Obnos 33 years. Altogether 248 years.
THE SIXTH DYNASTY.
iopvruv (popecv av^peQrj. jS'. <tj05 exij vy'.
Of six Memphite kings.
1 . Othoes, who was killed by his guards.
2. Phius reigned 53 years.
MANETHO.
55
(W€%/3i? €Ti)V /.
Kfljj ev[Aop(f)oraTyj rccv y.a.t' ccv- rrjv jevoi^evr], ^avOt] tyjv %poia,v ij r-qv TpiryjV vjyupe irvpajxtda,' itcKTiXevceu erij I'S'. Ofiov eT»j a-y.
3. Methusuphis 7 years.
4. Phiops who began to reign at six years of age, and reigned till he had completed his hundredth year.
5. Mentesuphis reigned one year.
6. Nitocris, who was the most hand- some woman of her time, of a dark complexion ; she built the third pyra- mid, and reigned 12 years.
Altogether 203 years.
THE SEVENTH DYNASTY.
'E^^ouyj ^vvaa-Tetai, Mei^fpi- Of seventy Memphite kings, who ruv ^aa-iKeaiv o'. o» €^ao-»Xei;- reigned 70 days. ffuv 7]fA.€pai a' ,
THE EIGHTH DYNASTY.
OySfvrj Syi/ao-Tc/a M«;i*^*T«v Of twenty-seven Memphite kings, ^aa-iXeuv vX^. ol (€a<TiK€V(rav who reigned 146 years. €Tij piA.<r'.
THE NINTH DYNASTY.
'Evvarv] ^vi/cca-reia *Hpa- v.'KeuTiv.uv ^aaiXeuv i6'. ol e€a- (TiKivcrav err] v6'. uv
'O Ttpwrot; X-xfiofi^ hiivoTa- To^ ruv Tzpo avTOv yevofAevoi;,
npyatraro, i^avi^ Trepienecrev, >ta* v'KO xpoxoSeiXot/ dtetpdaprj.
Of nineteen Heracleotic kings, who reigned 409 years.
1. The first was Achthoes, the worst of all his predecessors. He did much harm to all the inhabitants of Egypt, was seized with madness, and killed by a crocodile.
56
MANETHO.
THE TENTH DYNASTY.
A€K«T^ 8.vaffTe.a 'Hpa- Of 19 Heiacleotic kings, who
y.Xeu)ri-Auv I3a<ri\€uv t6'. oi reigned 185 years. etaatXevcrav piie-
THE ELEVENTH DYNASTY.
'EvSejcaT^ 8i«vao-Te*a A<ocr- Of sixteen Diospolites kings, who
mKiTuv ^aa-iXeuv *-'. ol e^a- reigned 43 years. Among whom a-tXeva-av e-rr) fxy. fAiB' o£? Ammenemes reigned 1 6 years.
The whole number of the above- mentioned kings is 192, who reigned during a space of 2308 years and 70 days. — Si/ncel. Chron. 54 to 59. — Euseb. Citron. 14, 15.
0/AOV ^aa-iXeit;, ph^'. i-vq,
THE SECOND BOOK OF MANETHO
THE TWELFTH DYNASTY.
ADAEKATH hma-Tcia Lioi-
a . ruTaiv TuKTfii Ay,[Aa- veaov (^'E€<7oyx,vpti; AufJuveMv)
,S'. Af^uavefA/^i; (Ajwaeve- jM))?) errj Xrf. oq vno rcov ;§«&!!/ evvov'/^'xv av7jp€$q.
y. 'Eecru(TTpi<; €Tv) [x-zf. o^ «7rao"av e^etpuaccTO tvjv Aciav (V iViavTOt^ tvvea, y.ai tv;? EvpxTirji; roc l^expt @pay.r,(; 'Kavtayjxy^ t/.yfjfjt,o<7vva, eyetpa<; Trii Toiv edvuv y.ccTa>7yj<T€(i^i;' «7rf [A.€v Toti; yevvai'jiq, avbpuv' em 8e to;? a.yfvve<7i, yv^ai-Auv (/.opia. Tai<; a-Tr^Xatq ey%apa!i- (Tuv, oq VT!0 AiyvTiTiuv jAiTa, Oaipiv nrpurov voi/.KrBriva.i,
V. AQ,ya.pi\c, {AcctixpK;) erq 5)'. 5? Tov €v Apa-evo'iTTj Aa,€vptv' fiov eccvTu Tacpov y.xTfcr-Kfv-
a<T€V.
Of seven Diospolite kings.
1. Geson Goses the son of Am- manemes. He reigned 46 years.
2. Ammanemes reigned 38 years. He was slain by his eunuchs.
3. Sesostris 48 years. He con- quered all Asia in nine years, and Europe as far as Thrace, every where erecting monuments of his conquests of those nations ; of men among na- tions who acted bravely, but among the degenerate he erected figures of women, engraving their follies upon the pillars. By the Egyptians he is supposed to be the first after Osiris.
4. Lachares 8 years, who built the Labyrinth in Arsenoite as a tomb for himself.
58
MANETHO.
^'. 'Ey.€uio(ppii; aSeX^vj ervj S'.
5. Ammeres 8 years.
6. Ammenemes 8 years.
7. Scemiophris, his sister, 4 years. Altogether 160 years.
THE THIRTEENTH DYNASTY.
T/ji^vca»§ex«Tvj dwaa-reia O f 60 Diospolite kings, who reigned
Aioa-itoMTUi/ ^txa-iXeccv |'. ol 184 years.
eScccrtXevtrccv pith . erv;.
Aeimi. The names are lost.
THE FOURTEENTH DYNASTY. Is lost altogether.
THE FIFTEENTH DYNASTY.
DevTeSenaT'/j"' irQi[/.evuv.
ttoXj)/ €vtT<(rav, a(^' ■^^ opfJiu- fxevoi AtyvnT lovi iyf.ipu!(javio,
a. . 2ai'T»;5 e€oi.aiAev(rev ervj
/3'. Bfwv (Bvwv Amv) ervj
/aS'.
Of the Shepherds.
There were six foreign Phoenician kings : they took Memphis, and built a city in the Sethro'ite nome, from whence they made an inva- sion, and conquered all Egypt; of whom
1. Sai'tes reigned 19 years, after whom the Sa'ite Nome is so called.
2. Beon reigned 44 years.
y. Yla-xvav (Aipuipii) €Tvj 3. Pachnan 61 years.
la'.
e'. ApxAvisCAv^X-/)?) tTTjjM^'
4. Staan 50 years.
5. Archies 49 years.
* This is the seventeenth according to Eusebius.
MANETIIO.
6. Aphobis 61 years. Altogether 284 years.
59
THE SIXTEENTH DYNASTY.
'EvcxaiSejtaTvj Ivvct^eicc woi- Of 32 Grecian shepherds, who
/xeve? 'E^Xyji/e? (Saa-iXeii Kb', reigned 518 years.
THE SEVENTEENTH DYNASTY.
'Eirray(.ailey.aT-/j ^waa-ratx, Consisted of 43 shepherd kings TTOjjMei/e; aXXoi ^aa-tXeii; i/,y. and 43 Theban Diospolites.
O/A-ov ol iroi/^cve?, y.ai ol The Shepherds and Thebans reigned @ri€aiQi e€aa-i}.€v<ra.v €Trj pva . altogether 151 years.
THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY.
OxTwvcajSexaTTj Zvvaa-rda Of sixteen Diospolite kings.
AiotTTToXtT&iy ^a.(7iXeuv »f'. uv
a. ripuroi Aixu(; (AiAOKTii; 1. Amos.
€T';J vte'.)
ft'.X€€pui;(X€€pai/)€rYny. 2. Chebros 13 years.
7'. Xy.ivu(l>Oi(;{Ai/.i/.ivov^o^ 3. Amenophthis 24 years.
eT)j kS'.
S'. Ay.€pa-i<; (MKppii;) ervj 4. Amersis 22 years.
e. Mio-QLcppti;^' erij ty. 5. Misaphris 13 years.
r'. Mtacppocyixovduaii err) 6. Misphragmathosis 26 years, in
* In the list of Euscbius the fifth is omitted, and the name of Xeppijy inserted between the thirteenth and fourteenth.
60 MANETHO.
xj-'. ((j) ov 6 tilt Aiv/iaKiwi^oi; whose time happened the deluge of
KaraitXt^T/Ao?. Deucahon.
t,'. TovOfAua-ii; ervj 6'. 7. Tuthmosis 9 years.
'V- A/Aevufpii; e-f^ Xa . ovTCi 8. Amenophis 31 years. He is
ear IV 0 Meixvuv enat iOjxi- supposed to be Memnon, to whom
"C^oiMvoq, Y.ai (pBeyyojAevoq Ki9o<;. the musical statue is erected.
6'. 'Clpo(; eT'/j K^'. 9. Horus 37 years.
/. Axeppvji; (Axeyxepa-rji) 10. Acherrhes 32 years.
id. PaSt'? (A^^'fif) iii\i.^. 11. Rathos 6 years.
it'. Xe^p'/j? (Xev^epv]?) er^ 12. Chebres 1 2 years.
<r.
/y', Axepp-^i {Axfp'prji;) tr/j 13. Acherrhes 12 years.
i€'.
ih'. Apfxea-rji {Apiy-cc't'i; o Ace- 14. Armeses 5 years.
vao^^ er-q e'.
le. Va.y.iA.e.a-a-fiq (Aujaeo-yj? 15. Rammesses 1 year.
0 v.ai Aiyvmoq) fTu^ ev.
i~'. Ay.(vai(p (M€vu(f)n;) £T-tj 16. Amenoph 19 years. i6'.
OfAov ervj a-^y . Altogether 263 years.
THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY.
EvveoHtajScjtaTij 8vvao-Te«a Of seven Diospolite kings. (SaaiXeoiv ^'. Aioaicokiruv.
d. '2eBo3<; er-fi vd . 1. Sethos reigned 51 years.
^'. Pai^axTj? (pai//7j?) ervj 2. Rapsaces 61 years. ^d.
y. Af/.iA,ev€(p6vj<; {A[/.evi}(f)- 3. Ammenephthes 20 years.
6i^) €TVJ k'.
o'. pa/Afo-Tj? erv) |'. 4. Rameses 60 years,
e'. AiA^evijAifii (A/AjWfve/A- 5. Ammenemnes 5 years.
<r' . ©ovupii;, 0 Trap" 'O/x'/j/jw 6. Thuoris, who is called by Homer
y.aXovi/.efOi HoXv€ov<; 5-'. Polybus.
MANETHO.
61
^'. AMavlpoi e<^' oii ro I'Aiov
Eirt Tov avTov ievrepov ro^-
7. Alcandrus 7 years, in whose time Ilion was taken.
Altogether 209 years.
In this second book of Manetho are contained 96 kings and 2121 years. — Syncel. Chron. 59 to 75. — Euseb. Chron. \5 to 17.
THE THIRD BOOK OF MANETHO
THE TWENTIETH DYNASTY.
ElKOSTH hwaarreia ^aa-i- Of 12 Diospolite kings, who reigned
Xecav AiOffTToXjTCt'v j^'. ol e^a- 135 ycai'S.
THE TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY.
UpuTYj y.ai eiwa-r/j hvvaa-- Of seven Tanite kings.
a. 2/>ceSy;? (2/AevS»)?) er'tj 1. Smedes reigned 26 years.
^'. "^Qvarevfji, vj "^owea-zji 2. Psusenes, or Psuneses, 46 years.
y. Ne(/)€X%f/37)? (N€(pfpxi- 3. Nephelcheres 4 years.
ViJ?) €T1J 8'.
8'. A[X€V€m(pdii {A(A.evu^- 4. Amenophthis 9 years.
e'. Oo-o%op(Oo-ox&)p)eT7j5-'' 5. Osochor 6 years,
r'. njva^v)? (■*"<vax^?) "»? 6. Pinaches 9 years.
^'. ^ovaevvYji; (■^ova-evv^i;) 7. Susenes 30 years.
€T>J x'.
0/*oK £T53 pX'. Altogether 130 years.
MANETIIO. 63
THE TWENTY-SECOND DYNASTY.
Eiy-oa-TY] ^evrepu hvvcca-reix Of nine Bubastite kings,
ri/jiiTo? 'Eea-oyxK; {Sea-ey- 1. Sesoncliis 21 years.
^'. 0<rccpco6 {Oa-ooBuv) errj 2. Osoroth 15 years.
y'.S'. e'. AXXo;Tpe(f eTy;5te'. 3, 4,5. Three Others reigned 25
years, r'- TaxeXXaSj? err; ly. 6. Tacellothis 13 years.
^'. Y]'. 6'. AhKoi rp€i<; eTrj 7, 8, 9. Three others 42 years.
OjMou 6TJJ py.'. Altogether reigned 120 years.
THE TWENTY-THIRD DYNASTY.
Kr'. dwauTaa Tavirvy Of four Tanite kings.
a. UeTov^aTfji; {tleTov- 1. Petoubates reigned 40 years, in
taa-TYii) erri i/! . f(f) cv OXv^a- whose time the Olympiads began.
/3'. Oa-opx(^ (Oo-oflfii'v) er-yj 2. Osorcho 8 years, whom the
V- ov 'H/jositXea AfyvTrrtoj Egyptians call Hercules.
zaXoftrtv.
7'. '^'giiW/^ot;? €T7) /. 3. Psammus 10 years.
I' . Ztjt 6x15 Xa'. 4. Zeet 31 years.
Ojjiov ery; 'kO' . Altogether 89 years.
THE TWENTY-FOURTH DYNASTY.
KA'. Iwaareicc.
Boxx'^i"« (Bonx'i'p'OSa'Trj? Bonchoris the Saite reigned 6
64 MANETIIO.
erri r'. e(p' ov apviov ecpBijlcno years, in whose reign a sheep spoke.
er-fi "^h '. 990 years.
THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY.
KE'. St;va(rT€*a Aietoituv Of three Ethiop kings. ^aaiXeav rpiuv.
a. l,at€ay.uv, o? a(%jaa- 1- Sabbacon, who having taken
"kurov Bo%%wpjv kXuv e-^avae Bonchoris a captive, burnt him ahve,
tfcv-zay Y.ai €€aa-iXiva-ev errj -q . and reigned 8 years. B
/3'. 2ef7jx«? ^'0? «T»j jB'. 2. Seuechus, his son, reigned 14
years. ,,
y. Taovto? (Tai^wo;) €t)3 3. Tarcus 18 years.
0;(*ov ett; |w'. Altogether 40 years.
THE TWENTY-SIXTH DYNASTY.
'EitTvj Kat erxoo-Tij Suvao- Of nine Saite kings.
Tfta Sairaij' (5a(Ti\€uu evvea,.
a. :ZTe(pivcx,T-/ii {Erecpccvcc- 1. Stephinates reigned 7 years.
^k) "^ ?'•
/3'. Nf^ei/zo)? (NeX€i^&'?) 2. Nerepsos 6 years. £T^ ?-'•
y. 'iiexaui er-q ■q . 3. Nechao 8 years.
8'. "iI^awfAJTwo? {^ayijMti- 4. Psammiticus 54 years. ■X/>i) eTY] vS'.
e. Nexaw ^evrepoi; er-q r'' 5. Nechao the second 6 years.
ouTo? elKe T-qv 'Upova-aKrjf/., He took Jerusalem, and carried
Kai Iiya;)(;c<; lov ^aatXea e<? Joachas, the king, to Egypt. i| Aiyvi:rov ait'fiyayev.
r'- "^aiJiy-mBK; irepo^ erij 6, Psammuthius 6 years. el'.
%'. Ova,(ppi<; (Ova(pp-q<;) ervj 7. Vaphris 19 years, to whom the
t6' . a 'Kpoa-ecpvyoi/ dKova-/]!; vm remainder of the Jews fled when
MANETIIO.
65
Aa-a-vpiuv 'IfpovTaX-^jji. ol rccv Jerusalem was taken by the Assy-
lov^aiwv VT[o}.oi7:oi. nans.
V' A/jt-uaii; errj ^uS'. 8. Amosis 44 years.
6'. '^afji.fji.axfpiTriq* ////jva? 9. Psammaclierites 6 months.
r'-
O1A.0V €TYi p»' . Mai [.trjvcK; r' . Altogether 150 years and six
months.
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DYNASTY.
KZ'. jSaTiKeioc Tlepa-coi/ /3<z- ctKeuv 1] .
a . Ka[A.€v(ry](; (ti] e'. T/iq iavTOv ^cKTtXeicci;. tlepiruv eba<rtX€v<T€v Aiyvicrav ervj ^' .
P • Accpeioq 'TiTTaa-'zov ertj
7. B-fp^Tji; 6 i^eyxt; «Ttj y.a . S . ApTa^avo^ f //.rivai; Z,'. €. Aprci^epirj(; erv; [xx .
^ . 1,oy^Kzvoi; j[*5jv«? "C,'. vj . Aape«o? Se/jfof 16'.
Of eight Persian kings.
1. Cambyses reigned over Persia, his own kingdom, 5 years, and over Egypt 6 years,
2. Darius, the son of Hystaspes, 36 years.
3. Xerxes the Great 21 years.
4. Artabanus 7 months.
5. Artaxerxes 41 years.
6. Xerxes 2 months.
7. Sogdianus 7 months.
S. Darius the son of Xerxes, 19 years.
Altogether 124 years and four months.
* Eusebius omits the last, and inserts A/x/ugri; at the beginning as the first, t Eusebius omits Artabanus, and between Cambyses and Darius places the Magi, with a reign of seven months.
66
MANETHO,
THE TWENTY-EIGHTH DYNASTY.
KH'. SwaerTcta.
A/Jivpreui {A[A.vpTaioi) 2a*- Amyrteos, the Saite, 6 years.
Tfli err) r -
THE TWENTY-NINTH DYNASTY.
K0'. hvvaa-reia, ^ev^ria-iuv
jS'. Axupit; errj ly . y. "^af^ixovQn; eroq a . S'. Ne(pQporyii (Aya^«/>«Tij5
(e. Mouflif erof a'.)
Of four Mendesian kings.
1. Nepherites reigned 6 years.
2. Achoris 13 years.
3. Psammuthis 1 year.
4. Nephorotes 4 months.
(5. Muthis 1 year.) Altogether 20 years and months.
four
THE THIRTIETH DYNASTY.
TpiaMo-TYj ^vvaa-reia, 2e- Of three Sebennyte kings.
a'. NexTave^ijf (NcKTaj/^- ttq) fTvj i-q.
/S'. T£t'? er^ jS'.
7'. NcvtTa!/£^'jj5 (Nevcravf- ^0?) eTq if} .
1. Nectanebes 18 years.
2. Teos 2 years.
3. Nectanebes 18 years.
Altogether 38 years.
THE THIRTY-FIRST DYNASTY. AA'. dwaaTeta, Tlepa-u^ Of three Persian kings.
MANETIIO.
67
a', flxof eiY.o<na ezei T7j(; eavTOV ^a<riX€tai; Hepauv efa- (TiKivtrev AiyvTrrcv err) €',
^'. AptTiJf (A/JO-lJ^nxOu) €TiJ
7-
y . Aupeio^ trrj S'. Oj/.ov errj 6'. Oj/.o\j fi.v .
1. Ochus ruled Persia twenty years, and Egypt 2 years.
2. Arses reigned 3 years.
3. Darius 4 years. Altogether 9 years.
And the whole 1050 years. — Syncel. Chron. 73 to 78. — Euseb. Chron. 16, 17.
MANETHO:
OF THE SHEPHERD KINGS.
EFENETO ^aaiXev<; ^/a/v, iLtfJiaoq ovo[A,a., em tovtov ovk otS' otcok; 6 Qeoq avrenvevaev, y.ai 'Wapot.dogwi ex ruv 'STpoi avaToXyju f^epuv, avdpuTioi to <yivoi adfiiAOi, y.ccTadapar'/j<7av- T€? ezt TTjv xupav ea-rpixTev- cav, v.cf.1 pqiZiUi ajxax-^rt rav- T1JV Kara v.pa,Toq etKov. yiai Tov^ vjye[/.ovev(TayTai ev avrrj ^etpua-aj^eyoi, to Kotvov ra^ re mKeiq ujA-wi; eveitpyjo-cxv, na« ra, iepac. ruv ^eav yicx.Tea-y.a.xpcx.v. i:a<Ti 8e TOiq eiti-xfiipioiq eyfip'i- Tarsc Tcu^ exp'^Tavro, Tot^j jwev a-cpa^cvreq, Ttnv Se nat ra renvcc kui ywai,Y.aq ett; Sou- Aeiav ayovrei;. vepaq Se vcat ^aa-ikea evcc e^ avTuv e-Koiri- cav, cJ ovojAa -yjv 2aXaT;f. xcii ovrot; ev tt; MejMptii vtare- ytverOf ttyji/ re avw yiai y.a.ru %upa.v daa-i^oXoyaiv, y.ai cppov- pav ev roiq eirn'/j^eicraroK;
We had formerly a king whose name was Timaus. In his time it came to pass, I know not how, that God was displeased with us : and there came up from the East in a strange manner men of an ignoble race, who had the confidence to invade our country, and easily subdued it by their power without a battle. And when they had our rulers in their hands, they burnt our cities, and demolished the temples of the gods, and inflicted every kind of barbarity upon the inhabitants, slaying some, and reducing the wives and children of others to a state of slavery. At length they made one of themselves king, whose name was Salatis : he lived at Memphis, and rendered both the upper and lower regions of Egypt tributary, and stationed garrisons in places which were best adapted for that purpose. But he directed his attention principally to the security
MANETIIO.
69
•/.(x-ra.'kii'Kwv TOTTOi?. [*.a.\i<Trrf.
(paKia-aro f^ep"^, TtpoopufAevcK; Aa-(yvpiuv, Tore [Aei^ov layQJOv- ru)Vf ea-Ofxevifiv e'T:i6v[A.tav rYj<; amriq ^otcriK£ia,(; e(f>o^ov. evpuv
iin'^a.ipoTa.Tri'jf •Adt/.errjv //.ev TTjSOf avaroXi^v rov Bou^ao-rj- Tou -worafj.ov, y.a,Xovjji,£i/r]y S aTTO Tjj/05 ccpxociai ^eoXoyiai; Avapiv, TaDTvjv eKTio-ev re, Y.ai roiq Teiy^^eaiv a-xypurctT-qv €T:0f^(7tv evoi-/.KToc(; avrrj v.ot.i wXij^fl^ oTtKnccv e<5 nv^oai y.ai T€(7<7apa^ [A,vptaiaq avZpav ■npo(; (pvXccy.-^v. ey^aSe y.ara ^ipeiav fjpXtrOy T« y.€v <TtToa.€Tpuv v.at [Aia6o(popiav 'T:ap£Xoy-evO(;, to, 5e y.ai tuk; e^OTzki'Jta.ii; ivpoi; (potov ruv i^aOiv €T!t[Ji.iAa'i
ApQCii § evveaKaiSevta ervj rov p'ov f-Tekevrvjcrav. Mera Tovrov 8e erepoi; e^aa-iXeva-fv T€a-<7apa ■x.ai, reTTocpanovTa €Tvj, yiccKovt/.iT/o^ Bvji'f. yt^e^'
•AOVTo, €TYi nat //,'^va^ enTcc. eireiTa, Se vta< ATiii(pi<; iv vlcci
Kovxa vtaj //CTjva eva. €Tr< itaa-i
paxovxa Ka< [/.rjvaq Si/O. Kat oiroi jMEv e| €v avTOiq eyevrjQ'r]-
of the eastern frontier ; for he regard- ed with suspicion the increasino- power of the Assyrians, who he foresaw would one day undertake an invasion of the kingdom. And ob- serving in the Saite noma, upon the east of the Bubastite channel, a city which from some ancient theological reference was called Avaris ; and finding it admirably adapted to his purpose, he rebuilt it, and strongly fortified it with walls, and garrisoned it with a force of two hundred and fifty thousand armed men. To this city Salatis repaired in summer time, to collect his tribute, and pay his troops, and to exercise his soldiers in order to strike terror into foreigners.
And Salatis died after a reign of nineteen years : after him reignedBeon forty-four years : and he was succeeded by Apachnas who reigned thirty-six years and seven months : after him reigned Apophis sixty-one years, and lanias fifty years and one month. After all these reigned Assis forty-nine years and two months. These six were the first rulers amongst them, and during all the period of their dynasty, they made war upon the Egyptians in hope of exterminating the whole race. All this nation was styled
70
MANETHO.
jUOivTE? act xa< no6ovvT€i jAok- Xov Ti)5 Aiyiiirroii e^apat ti)v pi^ctv. E>taXe»TO Se to o-v/x,- TTav avruv eOvoq 'Txo-t'^, t&vto Se ecTTt ^aaiXiii wo(jWfve?. to ■yap 'T;t xa6' Upav yXu(7(Ta.v ^aariXfci (TfJi^aiVii, to Se 2fc'? Tcoil^Tjv €<m v.ai icoty.fHi; y.a,ra Tfjv viotfYju SjaXeKTov, xat ovtw cv)nSij*.evov yiveron 'T)to-«{. Tjvc? Se XeyoLO-JV ayTOf? Apa- S'a? ejvai. Tovtou? Se tou? 'j:p(iy.aruyoiJi.acue>ov(; ^ccfftXeccq Tou^ Tajv iioifAevuv y.aXovf/.evuv, v.ai Tovi €5 at;T«i' yevoi/.ivovq, •/.paTfiTai T^i AiyvTCTOv ((^ijo"(v) £7ij Trpo^TG^TTfVTaxoo'io*; evSevta. MfTa Tai^ra Se, T6)v evt tvj{ 0£^aiSo4 y.a.1 rrj<; aXX'/jj AiyvTr- Tou ^aaiXeuv y€V€<76cx,i(d)rj<Tiv)
YMi Tccikei/.ov auroii avppayyjva.i y.eyav Jtat ■sroXvxpoviou. fni Se l^aa-tXiui, a ovoy-a, iivai AXia— (ppayiAOvBcca-i^, y;T7i)jtA6vov? (<|)vj- o"*) Touj TCOijAevuf; iic' avrov, e-K [Afv TTjq aXXr;<; AiyvKTov ■Tiaa-'/j? c/.Tr€0-£*v, KaTaxXeio-flij- i/a« S' €i? TOTTOv, apovpuv eyjjvra, (JLVpiuv rrjii 'ntpiy.f.Tpov. Avapiv OVOIA.CC ZO) TOTTW. TouTov {(hr,(nv 0 MaviScci/) aTTCcvTa, T6<%t't T6 fxeyaXcj) vcai K7^vpa) %tpi- haXiiv Tovj iiOifAeva^, otico; tvjv Te vtTvj(7jy dvcccrav (.yjx:<jiy ev '^X^fVi >*«* T'J'' A€J«v T^v iaiTuv,
Hycsos, that is the Shepherd Kings ; for the fust syllable, Hyc, according to the sacred dialect, denotes a king, and Sos signifies a shepherd, but this according to the vulgar tongue ; and of these is compounded the term Hycsos : some say they were Arabians. This people, who were thus denomi- nated Shepherd Kings, and their descendants retained possession of Egypt for the space of five hundred and eleven years.
After these things he relates that the kings of Theba'is and of the other parts of Egypt, made an insurrection against the Shepherds, and that a long and mighty war was carried on between them, till the Shepherds were subdued by a king whose name was Alisphragmuthosis, and were by him driven out of the rest of Egypt, and hemmed within a place containing ten thousand acres, which was called Avaris. All this tract (says Manetho) the Shepherds surrounded with a vast and strong wall, that they might retain all their possessions and their prey within a hold of strength.
MANETHO.
71
u.€v avTOVi; 5<a ztXiopy.iai eKetv Kara y.paro^, oktu xa* rea-a-a.- paMfTa fj.vpKf.Ti ■TSTpocTfopev- traina tojj Te«%e(riv" e7re« 5e T^5 'KoXioptiia^ atteyvw, troty]- aairdai a'vij.^aa'eii;, iva, t/jv AiyvTiTOv fyXti:ovTei; ottoi ^ov- "kd'jrai 'ncLVVtc, atXa'Sei(; aireX- doiari. rov^ Se €7ri ratf ouoXo- ytaii itavoiY.(.(Tia fXixa roov •ATtlcTiuv ow. eXaTTOf? fAvpta^wv ovrai (i'Mtri y.ai retruapuv aico Tvj? AtyfTTTov rriv (ptifMV iic; 'Evpiav oSoiTTop^frai. (patovjAev- ov? Sf T1JV A(T(rvpiQ)v ^vvacrreiav. Tore yap (vxivmc, tv;? Ao-ia?
■Acx,/.ov//.€vq TToXtv o«',<(iSo/^y/(7a- jwevov? TOTauTaf^ i^vpiaTi)/ avOpco-KU'y apy<.€(Tov<7av, '\eoo70- XviA'j, Tdvrrjv ovoy-aTai.
AtyviTTjavca!/ Mavc^wv) Tovto (<jyf}(Tiv) eOvoi rov^ y-aXoviMvovq 'STOifJiivaq, a(%|M.aX4JT</Vf fv ra;? Upxi; avruv l3i€Koi^yeypa(pO»i . Mera to f^eXdem tl AtyvTr-
TOV Toy AaOV TUV TtOlf/.fl'CilV €k;
'lepo(7oXviA,x, 0 ey.tccXuv avrovq e| AiyvTTTov l^JcatXev^ TeOiAu- a-n;, e€a<7iXeviTey {/.era ravrx er-rj (fM<ri Tievre xcn [^'fivccq •vetraapcq, y.ai eT€X€iiryj<r€v, Y.a.1 TcapiXate Tqv apy^ii avTov
And Thummosis, the son of Alis- phragmuthosis, endeavoured to force them by a siege, and beleaguered the place with a body of four hundred and eighty thousand men ; but at the moment when he despaired of reducing them by siege, they agreed to a capitulation, that they would leave Egypt, and should be permitted to go out without molestation where- soever they pleased. And, according to this stipulation, they departed from Egypt with all their families and effects, in number not less than two hundred and forty thousand, and bent their way through the desert towards Syria. But as they stood in fear of the Assyrians, who had then domi- , nion over Asia, they built a city in that country which is now called Judaea, of sufficient size to contain this multitude of men, and named it Jerusalem.
(In another book of the Egyptian histories Manetho says) That this people, who are here called Shep- herds, in their sacred books were also styled Captives.
After the departure of this nation of Shepherds to Jerusalem, Tethmo- sis, the king of Egypt who drove them out, reigned twenty-five years and four months, and then died : after him his son Chebron took the government into his hands for thir- teen years ; after him reigned Ameno-
/
72
MANETIIO.
iiKOj-t €v v.ai fAYivaq evvea. tij?
6wea. Tou Se M-rjippaiz-ovOucnt; €f/ioa-i TievTe vcat y.Yjva.<; Sevca. Toi) Se 0wi)£7i,- f w€a KflSi iMjva:; oyiTu. Tov 8e \y.ivo.^(pii; rpia- KOi/TCi y.ai [/.rjuai; Sexa. toi; Se fipoj T^javco^Ta el xat [/.vjya^ ■jrfyre. tod Se ^vyaTfip Ay.ey- Xpvii SwSe/.a >ta< juvji/a eva. T»j{ 8e TaOuTii; adeXipoi; evvta,. TOV 8e Ay.eyx'fip'^i SwSeita xa* lAvpiaq TrevTe. Toy §€ Avcfy- %i5p>;? knpoq SijSevta xa; fAVji/a(; Tpeii;- TOV Se Ap/xai'^ ■vitnra.ptx v.a.1 \uf\va kva.. tov Se Pa//.eo-- (TVj^ ey y.a< (/.r^va,!; ric'cra.prx.q. TOV Se Apy.iau'q^^liainiJ-ov e^rj- Y.ovTU e| x«i f^Tji/ai; Zvo. tov Se Aueiucpii; Sevta xat evvea •/.«( jj-Yji/ac e|. Ton Se Se^aici?, y.atj 'PajA€<Tar-/i<;, Ittttikyjv y.ai vavTiy.rjv eyjuv tvvaixiv.
OvTO^ TOV [/.ef a^eXcpov ApiAsi'iv eriTpoTtov tij^ Aiyv!:Tov y.scT€(TT'/;crei', nai 'sratrav jM,ev avTo) tvjv aXk/jv ^a.o'i.'ktyiriv 'srepieOrjY.ev e^oi/o-tav, /^cvov Se evcTejXaTo S*aS'/);M.a i/.-/) (popnv, /LfjjSe ttjv ^aatXtZu, //.^zepiz t€ Tvv TiVMUiv aSixeiv, a7re;^f(r&«i Se xaj Twv aXXwv ^a.ffiKiv.m •srstXXaxiSwv. avToj Se ctt*
phis for twenty years and seven months : then his sister Amesses twenty-one years and nine months : she was succeeded by Mephres, who reigned twelve years and nine months : after him Mephramuthosis twenty- five years and ten months : then Thmosis reigned nine years and eight months ; after whom Amenophis thirty years and ten months: then Orus thirty-six years and five months : then his daughter Acenchres twelve years and one month : after her Rathotis nine years : then Acen- cheres twelve years and five months : another Acencheres twelve years and three months : after him Armais four years and one month : after him reigned Ramesses one year and four months : then Armesses the son of Miammous sixty-six years and two months : after him Amenophis nineteen years and six months : and he was succeeded by Sethosis who is called Ramesses, he maintained an army of cavalry and a naval force.
This king (Sethosis) appointed his brother Armais his viceroy over Egypt : he also invested him with all the other authority of a king, but with these restrictions ; that he should not wear the diadem, nor interfere with the queen, the mother of his children, nor abuse the royal concubines. Seth- othis then made an expedition against Cyprus and Phoenicia, and waged
MANETHO.
73
KvTipov tLCti ^otviK-^v v.ai TcaKiV
A(T(rvpiovi; re vta* Mtj^ovi; ^pa,- revcrag, dvocvTai;, tov^ f^ev ^opariy Tov^ Se ajxaxv^h (poScj 8e Tijf '7roA\ri<; Swa/^ewj, inio- •^iipiov^ eXccSe. xat //.eyas (ppovyia-ai; (in -rajq exntpa/yiaiq, ert Ka< ^apirccAeurepoi/ eito- pevero, rai; •arpo? avxToXai; woXeif re xat X^pa? ycccra,- (yrpecpOfAevoq.
Xflovou re ly.sc.vov yi'yovoro<;, kpf/.a,i<; 6 y.araXei(p6eii; eu Ai- yuTint), Tcavra, rovf/.TzakiVf oli a^eK<po<; TTapyjvet ;(/,•/) mrQieiv, aSew? eitpa,rrev. v.a.1, yap r-riv f3ex,criXi^a, ^icnuq eayjev, vt«* roiii oKKaiq nakXa.v.iaiv acpei- hu'i; ^lereXei y^poifAevo^. -aretOo- j/.eyoq Se vito ran/ (ptXuv itady}[/.a erpopei, vcai avrripe riy aBtX(p^. 'O Se rerayuevo^ ent ruv lepuv rriq AiyvicroVf ypaipxt; ^i€Xiov eTr6jM.i|/e rai ^eOaicret, SijXwy aura) icavra., y.ai on avrripev 6 adeX(poq avrov Ap- jAa'ii;. TtapocxpYjjJ.a ovv vne- (Trpeil^ev eif TlyjXov(Tiov, v.aL e-Apa/Tfiirev rfiq ibiaq ^arnXeiaq. »] Se xaipa e>cAij0ij o/ito rov avrov 91/4/xaTo? AiyvT:ro(;. Xeyei yap oTi 0 jOtec 1,f.Q(i<Tii etiaXetro AiyuwTO?, Ap/xai'j Se a A5eX- ^05 anTOw Aavaoj.
war with the Assyrians and Medes ; and he subdued them all, some by force of arras, and others without a blow, by the mere terror of his power. And being puffed up with his success, he advanced still more confidently, and overthrew the cities, and subdued the countries of the East.
But Arma'is, who was left in Egypt, took advantage of the opportunity, and fearlessly committed all those acts which his brother had enjoined him not to do : he violated the queen, and continued an unrestrained intercourse with the rest, and at the persuasion of his friends he assumed the diadem, and openly opposed his brother.
But the ruler over the priests of Egypt sent to Sethosis, and informed him of what had happened, and how his brother had set himself up in opposition to his power. Upon this Sethosis immediately returned to Pe- lusium, and recovered his kingdom. The country of Egypt took its name from Sethosis, who was called also yEgyptus, as was his brother Arma'is known by the name of Danaus. — Joseph, contr. App. lib. I. c. 14, 15.
74
MANETHO.
OF THE ISRAELITES.
Tovrov {Ay.evu(piv) emS^/^ij- This king (Amenophis) was desirous
<rai Beuv yeveaOai S'eaT^j/, of beholding the gods, as Orus, one
ua-Ttep Qpo^ el^ ruv npo avrov of his predecessors in the kingdom,
Pe€aa-iKfvy.oruv' ai/ev€yy.€iv Se had seen them. And he communica-
Trii/ €Tti6viAta.v oj/.uvviA.ii} iA(v ted his desire to a priest of the same
aiir^ AfAevucpei, Tcarpo; Se name with himself, Amenophis, the
UecTttoi; oi/Ti, S^eiai; Se ^oviovvrt son of Papis, who Seemed to partake
jweTe<7%y;)tem; (pv<recci, nacra of the divine nature, both in his wis-
Te a-ocpiav y.a,i ■npoyvcairiv tuv dom and knowledge of futurity : and
€a-aj/.€i/av. enreiv ovv avru Amenophis returned him answer, that
Toi/Tov Tov ojAuvvy-ov, on hwYj- he might behold the gods, if he would
a-erai 6eov,; jScjv, e* yiccOapav cleanse the country of all lepers and
ano T€ Keirpuv y.a.t tuv aXXuu other unclean persons that were in it.
l^iapuv avBpuTCuiv tijv %oipav unsKTccv Ttoiijiretei'.
'Ha-eevTcc Se rov (Saa-iXea, Well pleased with this information,
•navTUi fovf ra a-ufAarcf, KeXu- the king gathered together out of the
€viiAevovi 6K rrii AiyvicTov aw- land of Egypt all that laboured under
a/yayuv yeveaOat Se rov tcXyj- any defect in body, to the amount of
Oovi y.vpia,da<; oviru' y.ai rovTQvi eighty thousand, and sent them to
fj? rag Xi6oToy.i3ci; raf ev ry the quarries, which are situate on the
Tcpoi avaToXYjv //.epei tov NciXow east side of the Nile, that they
efA^aXeiv avrov, otkci; epya- might work in them and be separated
"^oivToicanav aXXuv Aiyvintwv from the rest of the Egyptians.
ol eyufx^pta-ixaoi. fivtzt Se And (he says) there were among them
rtvai; ev avroic, y.ai tuv Xayiuv some learned priests who were affected
Upfuv ((prja-t,) XiTtpcf, (Tvyy.exv- with leprosy. And Amenophis the
l^ivovi. TOV Se A/Mvucpiv evce*- wise man and prophet, fearful lest the
vov, TOV a-o(f)ov y.ai [auvtikov vengeance of the gods should fall
«vS/)a, vTiodeKTOai icpog avTov both on himself and on the king, if
Te Y.a.1 TOV /3«o-<Xea x«'^o*' twv it should appear that violence had
S'fo))/, e* ^nx.aBtvT(i ocperjaov- been offered them, added this also
MANETHO.
75
fiiapoK;, v.ai ty;^ Aiyimrov iipa,rr,aova-tv eii" errj ^ey.acrpia. j/.fj ToXtxyjo-ai jA.ev avTOv encetv ravTcc Tcf /SatnXe*, ypacp-i/jv Se x.<xTaKn!ovToc 'Kepi itavruv iav- Tov scveAeiv. (1/ aOvfugi, Se etvat Tov ^aa-iXeix.
(KcurejTa jtara Xefjv ovrco yeypx(pev). Twv Se rati XaTO- jOCiaic &'5 xpwoi ly.avO(; SdjXSty TockaiTiupQvvrcov, a^iudei^ 6 fia,(riXevff hot, Tcpo; jtaraXucrfv avTotf y.at crK€ivriv aTro[/,€pt(7yj TYjv TOTe rcov tioijAevuv tprjuu- OiKTOLv noKiv, Avapiv (Tvve^u- p'^a-ev. ec7T< Se tj voXk; kcktcc T-zji/ OeoKoyiav avuOev Tvcpuvioi-
Ol Se ett; ravryiv etaeK- SofTei, >ta* TOV roTtov tovtov tjj a-rto^aa-tv e^oyre?, '/jyefAOva aiiTcov Keyo[/.€vov rtvcc rui/ 'HXiOTToXtT&iy lepav Oa'apa-Kpou fO'T^traj'TO. Kdi Tovrco Tretdap- X^o-ovre^ ev iraatv wpxa/^coT'/)- a-ccv' 6 Se -arpurov [/.(v avroiq vo[Ji.ov eOiTO, jt/.TjTe 'srpco'y.vveiv
^eOl'5, /AIJTe TCOV j/.tzXtTTQC ev
AiyvTCTu ^€fA,i(Tr€V(ifji.evuv lepuv tfrJCiv avr€%e(76a* jAvi^evoi;, irav- ra Tf Sr^ejv )««< acaXoiJv' cvva.'KTea'Otxi Se //iijSevi wXijv
TW!/ avvujAO<riA,evo}v. TOtavra 5e
in a prophetic spirit; — that certain people would come to the assistance of these polluted wretches, and would subdue Egypt, and hold it in posses- sion for thirteen years. These tidings however he dared not to communicate to the king, but left in writing an account of what should come to pass, and destroyed himself, at which the king was fearfully distressed.
(After which he writes thus, word for word :) When those that were sent to work in the quarries had con- tinued for some time in that miserable state, the king was petitioned to set apart for their habitation and protec- tion the city Avaris, which had been left desolate by the Shepherds ; and he granted them their desire: now this city, according to the theology above, is a Typhonian city.
When these men had taken posses- sion of the city, and found it well adapted for a revolt, they appointed over themselves a ruler out of the priests of Heliopolis, one whose name was Osarsiph, and they bound them- selves by oath that they would be obedient. Osarsiph then, in the first place enacted this law, that they should neither worship the gods, nor abstain from any of those sacred ani- mals which the Egyptians hold in the highest veneration, but sacrifice and slay them all, and that they should connect themselves with none but
76
MANETHO.
vo/MOeTYjiTaif >cat 'wKetaTa aKKa, f/.a'kiaTa ran; Atyinr- Tioi^ eBi(Ty.oi^ evavTiivueua, fy.eX€va-€v ■woXvyjipioi, to. tvj?
nifoq ntoXefJi.ov CTOtjUot;? yiveaOai Tov irpoi AjMiXiKpiv rov ^aart- X€a. avTOi Ze "npoa-AaSoiMvo^ [/.eO' eavTOv %ai rcov a'hXoiv lepeojv y,ai <rr//.jtAf/x*a(r/xevwv, €7r6/>ii^e wpea-€eii; Tipoi; Tovf vira Tedy-ua-ecci atteXccdevTai; iroi- l^i^vai;, eii itokiv tijv xctXoy/xevvjy 'lipocToKviJUX, ■AO.i Ta Mxff iav- rov xa; todj aXXouj tovj <ruv- ariy.a,(TdiVTa.(; ^yiXuaai;, vj^iov avve'KKrrpcf.Tevfiu ofjiO^vyiaZov ill' AiyvTCTOv. tTta^eiV [mv ovu avTovi eTcyjyyetXaro, mpuTOv fjiiv ei^ Avaptv tijv mpoyoviyi-riv avTuv matpiha, xa* ra eitirrj- Se<a T0<{ oy(^Xoii Tcapf^etv a<p- 0ov&)$) i/'i:epj/,ax''lo'(0'Scii Se oze Seoj, >ea« pa,^iu<; vicoxapiov avToii T»)v xccpav tioifiaav. ot Je vTcepxapiK; yevof^fvoi itxvre^ 'orpoBvi/.ui; €<? et)to(rt f/.vpiahaf avhpuv ffyyelai^/xijo-av, Ka» /act oy TToXv ^wv eti Avapiv.
such as were of that confederacy. When he had made such laws as these, and many others of a tendency directly in opposition to the customs of the Egyptians, he gave orders that they should employ the multitude of hands in rebuilding the walls about the city, and hold themselves in readiness for war with Amenophis the king, whilst he took into his confidence and counsels some others of the priests and unclean persons : and he sent ambassadors to the city called Jerusalem, to those Shepherds who had been expelled by Tethmosis, whereby he informed them of the affairs of himself and of the others who had been treated in the same ignominious manner, and requested they would come with one consent to his assistance in this war against Egypt. He also promised in the first place to reinstate them in their ancient city and country Avaris, and provide a plentiful maintenance for their host, and fight for them as occasion might require ; and informed them that they could easily reduce the country under dominion. The Shepherds received this message with the greatest joy, and quickly mustered to the number of two hundred thousand men, and came up to Avaris.
Now Amenophis the king of Egypt, when he was informed of their in- vasion, was in great consternation,
MANETIIO.
77
[A^rpiu; a-wexvOf], t^? 'tap' AiA,€VU(peu<; tov flawto? /av/jt- Beif 'npoiriKua-eoji. yt,a.t irporepov (rvvxyayav wXvjOoi Kiyvnriuv, ■/LUi ^ovXeva-aaevoi; [xera ruv (v TOVTOi^ Tiyey-ovuVf ia re *€|Ja X^aot. ta Tsrp'jna fxctXiT-va ev T0»< Upoi^ Tij/.u!y.eva i:^ y kav-
Y.ara pt-epoi; Upevaiv 'Kapyp/ya- Xev, aq a<7ipa,'K(.arara. twv Bern (7vyiipvxpct,i tex, Qoavsc. Tov Se vlov ^edav tov v.a.i Pa.[/.s<ra-i]v a-no Yau-xpeui; rov icarpoi oivoy.a.o'iMvctv itiVTa- fTTj cvTa, e^ede-TO itp^ji; idv iavTov (piXoy. avTOf 8e ^iata(; roii; aXXoic, Aiyvr.Tioii, (tvaiv €1? rpia-Mwa jAvpiota^ ac.)>lpuv lAa'/^iauTaTCiiv, y.ixi Ton; -noKe- fjiioii a'KuvTfio'aiTiv ov avnta.- Afv' aY'Ka [AfKhetv ^eou.aXf^v va/jiKTcci;, i:aKtyZpot/.'fi(TQLi '^vtei' e<? M€/x(|)<v. avaXdbuv tc t&v T€ At!iv, y.ai to, cck'ha Ta
^wa, €u5v{ fi? AidtoT:tav aw aTicivri ru aroXai y.on ttXtfin Tk^v AtyvTiTucv ay/]'x6r,. %apiT< yap »]v aiiTw litoyj^ipioi; o Tav ASiOTiav jSacr<?>eL5' oOiv i-no-
•cravTa? VTioXatciiv olq ^ay^f-y n yjupa roiv Tcpoq ay^puTtiv^v Tpo(pr}v €ir*T'/)Se»4'v, y.ai iroXe*?
•/t«* •Aii)[/.ai icpoi Ti\v ruv ire-
remembering the prophecy of Ameno- phis, the son of Papis, and he assem- bled the armies of the Egyptians, and took counsel with the leaders, and commanded the sacred animals to be brought to him, especially those which were held in the greatest veneration in the temples, and particularly charged the priests to conceal the images of their gods with the utmost care. And his son Sethos, who was also called Ramesses from his father Rampses, being but five years old he com- mitted to the protection of a friend. And he marched with the rest of the Egyptians being three hundred thou- sand warriors, against the enemy, who advanced to meet him ; but he did not attack them, thinking it would be to wage war against the gods, but he returned, and came again to Mem- phis, where he took Apis and the other sacred animals he had sent for, and retreated immediately into Ethiopia together with all his army, and all the multitude of the Egyptians : for the king of Ethiopia was under obliga- tions to him, wherefore he received him kindly, and took care of all the multitude that Avas with him, while the country supplied all that was necessary for their food. He also allotted to him cities and villages during his exile, which was to conti- nue from its beginning during the predestined thirteen years. More-
78
MANETHO.
irpciifxei/uv TfKTY.aitev.a, eTwv atto
TVj( CCpX'^i aVTOV eKrCTOKTlV
ama,pY.ei<;, ovy. tjttov ye v.u.i crrparom^ov AiBititfuov Ttrpo^ (jivXayirjv ewerale TOt^ •wap' A[/,€VCi}(j)eo;i tov ^aa-iKeui ew*
TU'V OptUV TTJf AiyVTITOV.
Km Ttx, //lev Kara tvjv AiOiOTriav roiavra. ol Se 2oXf- y.trai yMTfXdovTei, aw to;? IMapoti; rail/ AtyvTcrtui/ ovrui; ai/oaKiif TOti; avOpomOK; Txrpou- •>)vvj%6>jcrav, ua-re Tr,v tcov 'STpoeipi^jxevciiv Kpari^crtv yjiipia- TfjV cpatvecrdai, toi<; Tore rex, rovruv aaet-q^ara, ^eujAtvoii. y.ai yap ov [j-ovov tcomk; v.ot,i xOjM,a? eviTcpfiaav, ovhe lepo- aoXovvre^, ouSe Xvf/.txii'aiA.ivci ^oai/cc ^euv vjpMwro, aXka y.oi rati; atAjroiq oitravioti ruv (je'^ccdrevijj/.evuv Upav ^wccv ^pcciMVOi diereXovv, ncci ^ora^ •/.on acpayeii rtjvrccv lepeii; y.ot,i 'npocp'/jrai; vji'a.yif.oc^ov yiveadai, xat yviKvovq ege^aXov. Xtyerat S' on rfjV TtoKirekav iiai rovi vojA-ovi avroti; ■nara€cx,XkoiAevQ(; Upev^, TO yevoi 'HXiovTsoKirYji;, ovojM.a Oa-ap(ri<pf a'sro rov ev 'HXfOK TToXe* S'eov Oa-ipeui, aii [/.en^ri eii; rovro ro yei/oi, [jxrereOv] rowofjM Y.a,i -ZTpoa-ri- yopevOvj Mcova-Yj^^
over he pitched a camp for an Ethio- pian army upon the borders of Egypt, as a protection to king Amenophis.
While such was the state of things in Ethiopia, the people of Jerusalem, having come down with the unclean of the Egyptians, treated the inha- bitants with such barbarity, that those who witnessed their impieties believed that their joint sway was more exe- crable than that which the Shepherds had formerly exercised : for they not only set fire to the cities and villages, but committed every kind of sacrilege, and destroyed the images of the gods, and roasted and fed upon those sacred animals that were worshipped ; and having compelled the priests and prophets to kill and sacrifice them, they cast them naked out of the country. It is said also that the priest, who ordained their polity and laws, was by birth of Heliopolis, and his name Osarsiph, from Osiris the god of Heli- opolis : but that when he went over to these people his name was changed, and he was called Moyses, — Joseph, contr. App. lib. I. c. 26.
MANETHO.
79
OF THE ISRAELITES.
(Aeyet Se o MavfOav waXiv.) 'Ot< //era ravra tTtffkQev b AfJi-evucpii; a-rto AtOtoivia^ jUfTo. fJi€yriKyi(; Znvaixecai, y.at b vlo(; avxov Vai/A^/riq -nat avro^ «%uv ivvaiAiv' y.ai <rv[AtaKovT€i; ot hvo T0(? TcotjAeai y.ai toii; (/.lapoii;,
aTCOY.T€ivavTii e^iu^av ccvtov^ axpi Tccv bpiccv tij? ^vpta^.
(Manetho again says :) After this Amenophis returned from Ethiopia with a great force, and Rampses also, his son, with other forces, and encoun- tering the Shepherds and the unclean people, they defeated them and slew multitudes of them, and pursued them to the bounds of Syria. — Joseph, contr. App.Wh. I. c. 27.
ERATOSTHENES'
CANON OF THE KINGS OF THEBES.
€Tai Atovio^' e€aaiK(vtrev eroj ^€' . Tou 8e >tO(r;M.ou vjv eroc ,|S^ .
©fjtaniiy ^evT^poi e€a<ri'A€v (T€V A6a)6rii; vloq Miveuii ervj v6'. ovTO? ip[A-qvev€Ta,i 'Epjxo-
©■fjSatuv AiyvTtriwv rptroi; errj X€'. rov Se v.ocr[AOv '/jv eroi;,
@rj€a.ici)v e'Sa,eri'kiV(rev h • Ata^j*]? 1^*0^ Aduo'eui; errj tB' . ovToq ipj/.'^veviTai ^tXearepoi;' Tov OS y.o<Ty.ov y}v tro^, /yvy •
@Y)€actuv e^CKTiXevaei/ e . ITe/A^w? v»o? A6u6ov o ecrTiv 'Hpay.'Aethri(; €ti] iv] . rov Se
&rj€cciu>v AtyvTcriuv (.ta(Ti-
The first who reigned was Mines the Thebinite, the Thebsean ; which is by interpretation Dionius. He reigned sixty-two years, and Uved in the year of the world 2900.
The 2nd of the Theban kings reigned Athothes the son of Mines, 59 years. He is called by interpre- tation Hermogenes. In the year of the world 2962.
The 3rd of the Theban Egyptian kings was Athothes, of the same name, 32 years. In the year of the world 3021.
The 4th of the Theban kings was Diabiesthe son of Athothes, 19 years. By interpretation he is called Philes- teros. In the year of the world 3053.
The 5th of the Theban kings was Pemphos, the son of Athothes, who is called Heraclides. He reigned 18 years. In the year of the world 3072.
The 6th of the Theban Egyptian kings was Toegar Amachus Mom-
ERATOSTHENES.
81
ovTOc; kpiArjveveTai rr^i avSpo^ 'Tsepio'a'oi/.e'K'^i' rov 5e y.oa-!AOv vjv
Gvi^cciav AiyvKTii}!' eSacri-
0 €(7T(v ApTj^ afaiaO'/jTOi;, er/j ^ , rov 5e Y.ocy.ov yjv eto?,
®rfixi'jiv Aiyvim'xv e€a,iTi- htvirev oybooi roaopfM'/ji;, 6 ea-Tiv 'ETvjO-mavrci €ti; K . rov Se Y.oiTiMV '/jy ezoq lypiJi- •
©vj^a'wv Aiyvnri'jiv e€a<7t- >.(va-£v 6'. MapYji; vloq avTOv, 0 ea-Tiv 'HKtodap'j<; er/] v.- . Tov •Aoa-fAov vjv erof yen .
Q'^Saiuu AtyvTiTtav t . e^a- a-iX€V(7ev Avuvcp'/ji;, o ecrriv vioi; eitf/ioivoq er'/j vc . tov ko<t- /Aov Kjv €TOi, jya-Xa. .
@rj€c!,iccv Aiyvirriav la. . t€(Z(riKev(7ey 'Eipto^, 6 ea-av y.op'pri^, ui Se hfpoi A^%<7Y.a.v-
6T0^, ^ycrvcL .
%'f^a.wv AtyvTtTtuv iff . e€a<nXiv<r€v Xvov^ot; Tvevpot;, 0 (o-rtv 'Kpvarj<; Xpvcrov vlo^ ert] nt . TOV Se v.o(7fJiov '/jv era?,
Qvj^atuv Aiyvmiuv ly . e€aa-iKev<Tev Vavcccrtq, 6 etrrty axpiKpacrup errj ly . rov Se vio<rfA.ov rjv ere?, /yaha .
©ij^ai&'V AtyvTrr/wv »S'.
chiri, the Memphite, who is called a man redundant in his members, 79 years and A, M. 3090.
The 7th of the Theban Egyptian kings, Stoechus his son, who is Ares the senseless, reigned 6 years. A. M. 3169.
The 8th of the Theban Egyptian kings Gosormies, who is called Etesi- pantus, reigned 30 years, and A. M. 3175.
The 9 th of the Theban Egyptian kings Mares, his son, who is called Heliodorus, 26 years, and A. M. 3205.
The 10th of the Theban Egyptian kings Anoyphes, which signifies a common son, reigned 20 years, and A.M. 3231.
The 1 1 th of the Theban Egyptian kings Sirius, which signifies the son of the cheek, but according to others Abascantus reigned 18 years, and A.M. 3251.
The 12th of the Theban Egyptian kings reigned Chnubus Gneurus, which is Chryses the son of Chryses, 22 years, A. M. 3269.
The 13th of the Theban Egyptian kings reigned Ranosis, which is Archi- crator, 13 years, A. M. 3291.
The 14th of the Theban Egyptian
M
8
ERATOSTHENES.
MccTa he eviovi; Xfl^uciTjo-Tvjj €Tr) v.h . TouSe y.o7fji,ov vjv sto?
'S,€)i(Tccu)(^iq € . ervj x"^ . tov Se v.0(7iMV 'qv CTO; ,7T/x-y .
0'/)^(Zi(i)v eScccriXeva-ev Mocr- Xepti 'HXtohoTOi ii'fj Xa. tqv
8e ■/{.(XTf/.OV 7}V 670? ,7To'.
©Yltuiuv It] . i€a(Tik(V(Tev MoKtrflj? €Tij Xy'. tov Se KO(r-
&rj€cctuu iQ' . e^xa-iXeva-ev TlaiAiAoq Apx^v'^'^li €T*) Xe'. rov 8e MtT/Aov '/jy era? ^yvXS .
©Jj^atijy X . e€cx,i7iXev(7(v AiiaitTtov^ [/.eyio-TO^, oiro? w? <^)a,criy mapcf, upccv y.iav i^aa-i- Xevtrev ctvj p . tov de -Ma-iMV
&/]Sciniv vta . €€cci7iXevcr€v A%et7y.o? Oy.a,pac<; ercq a,', tov 8e noi'y.ov ijv ere? p/(pZ^'
@v]€a.tav y.€ . etatTiXev<rev 'NiTUY.pii; avTi rov avSpo?, o «TT<v A^yjya Nocvjc^opo?, eTv; ■T • rau §€ KOCTjAOV '/jv era? ,7(^0 .
0»)^a(i>y ity'. e^aa-iXevaeu
MvpT'^iO(; AafA.uvo'ioro; ervj vt^'.
Tou Se Y.0I71A0V 7]v fTa^ /yipo^',
Qy}€aiuu kS'. t^a;a-jX6U£rey
(rivoTti/.xprji; Kparaioq, 0 (crrty
kings reigned Biyris, 10 years, A. M. 3304.
The 15th of the Theban kings { Saophis Comastes, or, according to some, Chrematistes, reigned 29 years, and A. M, 3314.
The 16th of the Theban kings Sensaophis the second, rdigned 27 years, A. M. 3343.
The 17th of the Theban kings, Moscheris Hehodotus, reigned 31 years, A. M. 3370.
The 18th of the Theban kings, Musthis, reigned 33 years, A. M. 3401.
The 19th of the Theban kings, Pammus Archondes, reigned 35 years, A. M. 3434.
The 20th of the Theban kings, Apaphus Maximus, is said to have reigned 100 years with the exception of one hour, A. M. 3469.
The 21st of the Theban kings, Achescus Ocaras, reigned one year, A. M. 3569.
The 22nd of the Theban sovereigns was Nitocris, instead of her husband, she is Athena Nicephorus, and reigned 6 years, A. M. 3570.
The 23rd of the Theban kings, Myrtgeus Ammonodotiis, reigned 22 years, A. M. 3576.
The 24th of the Theban kings, Thyosiniares the robust, who is called
ERATOSTHENES.
83
ijXioi, ETi] <^'. rov Se ■/.oa-y.ov vji/
QiyiWoi;, o fO-Tiv Qi^M^tia a^ to •KccTpiov v.paro<; tTij •/(. tqv 8e M<TU.ov -qv era? 'f/X'' '
2€[^(ppovKpaT/i<;, 0 ea-riv 'Hpa- /.Avj? 'Apzo'KpaTrj(; e~r] ivj . rov
(^■/j'Saiuv yX, . €€aiTi\ev<T€v Xovdrip Tavpoi; Tvpavvo^ (rifj ^'.
the sun, reigned 12 years, and A.M. 3598.
The 25th of the Theban kings, Thinillus, which is the augraenter of country's strength, reigned 8 years, A. M. 3610.
The 26th of the Theban kings, Semphrucrates, who is Hercules Har- pocrates, reigned 18 years, A. M. 3618.
The 27th of the Theban kings, Chuther Taurus the tyrant, 7 years, A. M. 3636.
The 28th of the Theban kings, MevpYi(; ^iXo<7wpo^ er^ if. tov Meures Philoscorus, reigned 12 years,
Se ■Ma-ix.ov /7%wy. A. M. 3643.
®rita,io}v -aO'. e^cx.<7tX€va-€v The 29th of the Theban kings,
XoiJi.ae(pOa koo-/ao? ^iXecpccia- Chomaephtha Cosmus Philephsestus,
TO? €T7j to,'. TOV 5e ■iioa-fAov reigned 11 years, A. M. 3655.
r/x''^'-
The 30th of the Theban kings, Ancunius Ochytyrannus, reigned '60 years, A. M. 3666.
The 31st of the Theban kings, Penteathyris, reigned 42 years, A. M. 3726.
The 32nd of the Theban kings, Stamenemes the second, reigned 23 years, A. M. 3768.
The 33rd of the Theban kings, Sistosichermes, the strength of Her- cules, reigned 55 years, A. M. 3791.
0y;^cc<w!' X . €^a,<Ti}^€V(Tev Ay-novi/ioi; Gx^Tvpanvoi; €T7j |'. TOV 8e v.o(Ti/.ov /7XC5"'-
Qyj'Sa.iuv Xa, . e€a(TiX€v<rev nevTeaOvpK; erij /x^. tov 8e ■M(TfAOv ^yipyi'^',
©ijfajwv X€', etaaiXevijev liTay-evefA-fiq t . exij xy . tov Se x.oa-[AOv /yip^yf.
@-/)€aiuv Xy. ttaaiXivcrev 2to'T0(7<%epjM.yyf 'HpaxXeo? y.pa,- TOf eTYi ve . Tou Se y.0<rij.0Vf /ytp'ia'.
©'/j^atwv XS'. €^a.(riXevafv Mapj? iTYi [^y. TOV Se •Aoaj/.ov
The 34th of the Theban kings; Maris, reigned 43 years, A. M. 3846.
84 ERATOSTHENES.
©ri'Satcov Ke. etaa-tXevcrev The 35th of the Theban kings,
2(^wa?, 0 y.a.1. 'E/)jt*>j? vloi Siphoas, which is Hermes the son of
'H^ajo-Toy, t-Tfi e. tov 8e y.oa- Hephsestus, reigned 5 years, A. M.
I^Ov, /ywnO . 3889.
@7j€aiuv Xr'. e€a(7iKeva£v The 36th of the Theban kings, €TYj <S'. rov d€ reigned 14 years, A. M.
y.oo'fjiov /yaih^. 3894.
®-»iSaiuv X^'. t^ao-iKevaiv The 37th of the Theban kings,
^povpuv, 5JT0J NttXo?, €T>) € . Phruron, which is Nil us, reigned 5
rov 8e Mo-fjiov /yoryf. years, A. M. 3908.
©ij^««y»/ Krj'. etoLiTtkevcra The 38 th of the Theban kings,
Af*.avBci.vraK)(; er-^ ^y . tov 8e Amuthantgeus, reigned 63 years, A.M.
v.o<Tfji.ov f/of'f.y. 3913. — Syncel. Chron. 91. 96, 101.
104. 109. 123. 147.
THE FRAGMENTS
THE TYRIAN ANNALS:
FR«M
DIUS AND MENANDER.
THE TYRIAN ANNALS
FROM DIUS.
OV HIRAM.
ABIBAAOT reKfVTrjiravroi;, 6 Upox the death of Abibalus his son
lio? avTov Eip«,ua? e^aa-iXev- Hu'omus^ succeeded to the kingdom.
o-fv' otro^ rex. trpoi avaToKaq He raised the eastern parts of the
IJi.ep'fj T';j« TToXsi'? zirpoa-ex'-ia-iv. city, and enlarged it; and joined to
xai //cei'^ov to acrru TTfTiroivjv'.ey, it the temple of Jupiter Olympius,
y.ai Tov OXviA-iov ^loq ro which stood before upon an island,
lepov y.01,6' kavTo ov cj ^yja-M, by filhng up the intermediate space :
Xutrai 10V [/.era^v lonav, <tvv- ■ and he adorned that temple with
■f\>\iz TT) TToXei, -MA xp^'^o"^ douations of gold : and he went up
avaO'/jy.ccTi'j e'Kj<TiA.r^(7€v' avcc- into Libauus to cut timber for the
€'j.i; 3s en; tov Ai€cx,vov iiXorrj- construction of the temples. And it
jw'/jc-e Trpo^- T/jy Tijy vai'v vtaracr- is said that Solomon, king of Jeru-
Kivrjv. rov Se rvpavvovi/ra salem, sent enigmas to Hiromus, and
'lfp»a-o\vix(ov'2oKo[A.avcx.Tiei>.\pa.i desired Others in returti, with a pro-
{tpaa-i) T.p'iq to-j Elpu[ji.ov posal that whichsoever of the two was
amyixara, y.ai iiap avTov nnable to solve them, should forfeit
XaSeiv a.L,iovy -vn §£ p/j tvvq- money to the other. Hiromus agreed
Oevrcz. ()ia.-<pivai, toj \v(7rxvTi to the proposal, but was unable to
y^prj-j.rxTo. aT:orivei-j. cuuMyy;- solve the enigmas, and paid a large
c-Mia li -vvj Elpa-y.ov, %a,i ^f\ sum as a forfeit. And it is said that
Ixiv-ffiiv-ca "Kva-xi ra atyiy- One Abdemonus, a Tyrian, solved
y.cna, T.o'AKct. rwv xp-rnxa-xccv the enigmas, and proposed others
88 Dius.
(ii; TO em't^yjixiov ava/Mo-ai. which Solomot) was not able to un-
ena Ze A€^ia,ovo> Tti/a, Tvptov riddle, for which he repaid the fine
a:''Zpa ra -srporeOevra Atvai to Hiromus. — Joseph, contr, App.
VMi avrov aAA« -s^poKa^eiy' a lib. I. c. 17. — Sijiicel. Citron. 182.
'Ko'K'ka TCf 'Elpui-'M TT^ocaroTi-
THE TYRIAN ANNALS
FROM MENANDER.
OF HIRAM.
ir
EAETTH2ANT02 Se A^i- ^a'f.ov, hie^e^aTo r-i^v j3oc<Tf Afiai/ 0 vloi; a,VTOv Elpu[M(;, oi; ftieccai; err) lievT/jy.V/TO, rpi'x e€acriX€v<Tev eT/] Tpia- •/MTcc rea-(rapa. ovtoi; eyjwre
TC» Evp^WpO)/, T6V Te '^pv-
<row y.tova ev zot^ tov Ato^ ave6i^-K€V e-vi re vX'^v ^vT^uv ociceXOuu mctipev, ano tov Xeyo- fAeyov, opovi; Ai€ccvov, xeSpjva ^vKa €ii rat; Tm iepuv crti'ya.c,. naQeKuv re ra ap'/jzia, Upa, natvovt; vaovq y)toSojt*ij(76, to TC TOV 'WpavXiovq, Y.ai T/jq AtyrapTfji; reuevot; aviepevaev, xat TO [A6V TOV 'HpatiXtovt; ■zirpcoTcv fKoitjcrrjcTo ev tv Ilep- »Ti4j //'/jv«, €na, TO Tf]!; k(7Ta.p-
T'/J5, OTTOre TiTWOK €T:«TTpcc-
Tevcev, jA'/j aTTobihoviTt tou^ (j)opovi. oii xai vi:orx^%i;
After the death of Abibalus,Hiromus his son succeeded him in his king- dom, and reigned thirty-four years, having Hved fifty-three. He laid out that part of the city, which is called Eurychoron : and consecrated the golden column which is in the temple of Jupiter. And he went up into the forest on the mountain called Liba- nus, to fell cedars for the roofs of the temples : and having demolished the ancient temples, he rebuilt them, and consecrated the fanes of Hercules and Astarte : he constructed that of Hercules first, in the month Peritius; then that of Astarte, wherf he had overcome the Tityans who had refused to pay their tribute : and when he had reduced them he returned. In his time was a certain young man named Abdemonus, who used to solve the problems which were propounded
90 MENANDEU. j|
iavrqi %mXi> av€a-Tpe\p€v. eiri to him by Solomon king of Jerusalem.
TovTQv 8e Tii vjv A€^riiA,ovoi; — Joseph, contr. App. lib. I. c. 18. —
wa»5 vewrepo?, o? eviv.a ta Joseph. Ailtiq. Jud. \lh. VIII. C. 5. Tcpot'ki/JiA.aTa, a crceTaa-af 1,0- Xo[/.i}>/ 0 'lepoa-oAvfiuv ^aaiKiv^.
OF THE SUCCESSORS OF HIRAM.
TiKevrtjaat'Toi; ElpujAov Upon the death of Hiromus, Balea-
hiede^aro r^v ^aa-tXeiav Ba- zarus his SOU succeeded to the king-
Xea^a/30? o vlii, o?, ^lua-a^ dom ; he lived forty-three years, and
eT»j Tfaa-apuMVTa rpia, e^a- reigned seven : after him Abdastratus
a-iKivaev irrj inra,. jwera rov- his son reigned nine years, having
T6V A€^x<7TpaT0i 0 avTov vlo<;, lived twenty-nine : against him the
^luaaq cttj u-m<ti evvicx,,-(.ia- four sons of his nurse conspired, and
<nXeva-€v ervj evvea. tovtov ol slew him : of these the eldest reigned
rrii Tpo<f)ov avrov vloi Tea-aa- twelve years : after them Astartus,
pc? eTzt€QvXev(TocvT€i aTtuMo-av, the son of Delseastartus, reigned twelve
iv 0 'Kpea-€vrfpo(; etaaiXiva-ev years, having lived fifty-four : after
€TYj SevtaSyo. i^e6' ovi; Acrrap- him his brother Aserumus reigned
Toq 0 AeXaioca-raprov, i^, jS»w- nine years, having lived fifty-four :
crai ervj irevTijKovTa Tea-a-apa, he was slain by his brother Pheles,
e€aa-iXeva-€v ervj ^u'^ey.oc. uera Avho governed the kingdom eight
Tovro-j 0 a^eXipoi; avrov Aa-epv months, having lived fifty years: he
wo?, /3<i)!7a? fT';) Tfo-a-apa, vta< was slain by a ])riest of Astarte, Itho-
irevTijxovTa, e^aa-iXivaev ez-q balus, who reigned thirty-two years,
evvect. ovTOi aitwXeTo vito toj having lived sixty-eight : and he was
aleXfpov <&eX'/)To<, o? Xa^av succeeded by Badezorus his son, who
Tfiv ^MG-iXeiav riple (/.-rivai; reigned six years, having lived forty-
0Y.ra, ^icca-di erij wevTijKtoj/Ta. five : his successor was Matgenus his
rovTov ocvitXiv Eidu^aXo; 6 TYji son, who reigned nine years, having
A(7Taprrji Upev^, o<;, ^atriXiv- lived thirty-two: and he was succeeded
aa; e-vvj rpiaKovTo, 8uo, e^tu- byPhygmalion who reigned forty-seven
a-ev e-TYj e^-qwvTcx, outu. rm-ov years, having lived fifty-six : in the
hehe^aro BaSf^aipo? vIq<;, cq, seventh year of his reign his sister
MENANDER. 91
|3«&"Ta? ervj -reaa-apay.ovra, fled fiora him, and founded the city
'^icevrt, e€affiXeva-tv ernj e|. of Carthage in Libya. — Joseph, contr.
\rovrov S<aSoxo? yeyove Mar- App. lib. I. C. 18.
rpia'/icvTo, Svo, e^ao'iXeiio'ei' eT:7 fi/yea, To^TOl' SiaSoj^Of yeyove (pvyiAakiuv, ptaaai S' €Tij ■K"€!'Tv;>tovTa 15, e'SajiAev- <rev eTY) Teao'a.pay.ovTa em a. (11 Se Tai ew' avTsv e^So^iw €7e< ^ ad€X<prj avTOv (pvyovaoc, ev tv;
OF THE INVASION OF SALMANASAR.
Ka< EXouXato? ovo^a etam- Elulaeus reigned thirty-six years :
Xeio-ev erti TpiciKovra e|. ovtoi, and he fitted out a fleet against the
avoa-TayTccv ' luTTaiuy, ava.- Cittseans (Chittim or Cypriots) who
•KKeva-ac,, itpoa-riyayeTo avrovi; had revolted, and reduced them to
TraXtv. tTTi TovTovi 'i^e/ji.tpa.i; obedience. But Salmanasar, the king
(EaAfx.ay(x<roi.p) 0 -vuv Acro-u- of the Assyrians, sent them assistance,
piuv f3a<Ti'Atv(;, eiffj>,Oe ^oiviYjr,y and Overran Pho9nicia : and when he
mXefAccv aTcocaav. 0? ri; a-itti- had made peace with the Phoenicians
cra-ixevoi; fip'rjVfjv, //.era vayruv he returned with all his forces. And
aveyfiiprirTev oTrt<Tai. ccTrea-Tt] xe Sidon, and Ace (Acre), and Palae-
Tvpiiov 'Ei^uv aat Aitvj na* ij tyrus, and many other cities revolted
[TaXai Tvpof , x«» TToXXa* aXXa< from theTyrians, and put themselves
TToXe;?, al Ty -ruv Ai7i7vptav under the protection of the king of
eavTu^ ^acaiKei Tiapehocrav. 8(o Assyria. But as the Tyrians still
Tvpiuv ovx iTroTayevTa:v TiaXiv refused to Submit, the king made
0 l3aa-iXev<; en avTovi; in:e- another expedition against them : and
a-rpa\pe, ^otvDiuv avf^TiXripo:- the Phoenicians furnished him with
a-MTccv avru vavi e^Yj-Mvra, sixty ships and eighty gallies : and
v.a; eirfxi'Troi ? oY.-ra.Y.ta-iovq. a/g the Tyrians attacked him with twelve
€7rjTrXeuo-avTt^ ol Tvpioi yavui ships, and dispersed the hostile fleet.
92
MENANDER.
SexaStx), Tuv vtuv tuv avri- itaikuv ^laa-Tzapeiam, 'Aajx^a- vovcnv aiyj^\ai'Vo\>c, wvSca^ e*^ •J!revTaxO(7tof?. etteTady] 8ij wav- rtiv ev Tvpu rifAi^ 8<a ravToc.
^aartXev^ xaraffTijo-e (pv^avcai;
€7rt TOD 7C0Ta[A,0V Viai lOlV ItfOt.-
yuytuv, 01 diay.ccAV(70V<Ti Tvpwi)(; apvaaardat. xa» toiito ereo"* TrevTe y^vo^ievov, eicapTepria-av vivovT€<; e>t (ppearuv opvuTuv.
and took prisoners to the amount of five hundred men : upon which account the Tyrians were held in great respect. But the king of Assy- ria stationed guards upon the river, and aqueducts, to prevent the Tyrians from drawing water : and this conti- nued five years, during all which time they were obliged to drink from wells which they dug. — Joseph. Antiq. Jud. lib. IX. c. 14.
THE TYRIAN ANNALS.
OF THE KINGS AND JUDGES FROM NEBUCHADNEZZAR TO CYRUS.
EHI Eifla^aXoii rov ^aaikeu^ eTTO^Mpy.-rjTe '!>ia€ovxo^ovo(Topo(; T'/)i/ Tujjov €Tr' iTtj Ze-AaTfia, lAera, TovTOP (taaikivae BaaX fTi) Sfvca. i/.iTa Tovroy ^r/t.a.a'rat
Envi^aAs? BatrXa^ou jAVji/a^ Svo, XeA^v;? A^Sajov f/.fiva^ Sexa, A^^apo? apy^ifpivq jAfivai; Tpen;, Mi/ryovoi xat TepacrrpaTOi;
fl, i'V [AfTu^v f.'Sao'iXevtTe BaXaTopo? evtauTOJ/ eva* tov- Toy TeXevTfjcravTOi;, airoaTei-
Xov f>c T'/;^- Ba^t/Xwvo^, xai e^ao-jXcwrev eT>j r(o-<7a.pa. Tovrov rfXevrri<Tai/To;, [/.ere- ireiMJ/avTO tov aie'Acpov -avrov Elpufy.oVf oq e€aiTiXev(Tev eT/j €fM(7iv. eici rovrov Kvpo^ Hep-
In the reign of Ithobalus, Xabuchod- onosorus besieged Tyre for thirteen years. After him reigned Baal ten years. After him Judges were ap- pointed who judged the people : Ec- nibalus, the son of Baslachus, two months : Chelbes, the son of Abdseus, ten months : Abbarus, the high-priest, three months : Mytgonus and Geras- tratus the son of Abdelemus, six years: after them Balatorus reigned one year. After his death they sent to fetch Merbalus from Babylon : and he reigned four years : and when he died they sent for Hiromus, his brother, who reigned. 20 years. In his time Cyrus was king of Persia. — Joseph, contr. App. Hb. I. c. 21.
1
i
THE ORACLES
ZOROASTER.
THE ORACLES
ZOROASTER.
TA TOT ZnPOASTPOT AOHA.
M0NA2 ATA2 KAI TPIA2.
..... 'OnOT i:aTpiy.7j [Mva^ eari.
Tavavj tart (Aova^ ij ^vo •yivvtf,
Afa; 'ya^ ttafo. rai 5e v-aBfiTai, xat voepaK; a^pa/jslii, lOjAUii Kat T« v.vt€fv<f,v ta Travra, v-ai raTTeiv iyiaarov ov ra^^ev. YlafTi yap (v ■koo-jj.m Kaf/.-Kei Tpia<;, ij^ jj-oifaq
afxu. Apxvj Tiaa-fji T/Avjo-ew? 'fj Se 17 ra^n;. Ej? rpiot, <yap vove, €tir€ ■7:arpoq refAveirOat diravTct, Oil TO SrfXfiv y<.(x,rev€v<T€, %a.i tjSvj iravTa ereTfjiffro Ei? rpiQi, yap eive vovq TcccTpoq a'ltkov, M« Tcavra v.v€epvuv.
Kat ecpavyjorau €v cuvrrj rj t' apervj, xa( vj (rofpia. Kat vj 'jcoAV(f)p'jiv aTptiieta- Tt) TwvSe peet rptahoi Se/^a? icpo tij? ovarii;, Ov TcptaTVjq, aKK' at to, jAeTpetrat. Apxat^ yap rptat ran; Se "ka^otq ZovKivetv diiavra. .... lepo^ irparcK; ZpOfA.01;, ei/ V apa fA,€<rcrcf. Yiepioq, rptrcq a'KKcx;, 0(; ev isvpt ryiv yfiova ^a'ATtet. Kat TCYjyrj T^jyav, y.at ii-^yaiv .... aizatTuv. MnjTpa avvexovaot, ra Tiavra. Ei/pey a^S'/jv \fpciH7Kei yeueim; iioAvitofniXov i/Ayjf.
THE ORACLES OF ZOROASTER.
MONAD, DUAD, AND TRIAD.
Where the paternal Monad is.
The Monad is enlarged, and generates two, For the Duad sits by him, and glitters with intellectual Sections Both to govern all things, and to order every thing not ordered. For in the whole world shineth the Triad, over which the Monad
rules. This order is the beginning of all section.
For the mind of the Father said, that all things be cut into three : Whose will assented, and then all things were divided. For the mind of the Eternal Father said all things into three, Governing all things by the mind.
And there appeared in it (the Triad) virtue, and wisdom. And multiscient verity.
This way floweth the shape of the Triad, being pre-existent. Not the first (Essence) but where they are measured. For thou must conceive that all things serve these three principles. The first is the sacred course .... but in the middle Air, the third the other which cherisheth the earth in fire. The fountain of fountains and .... of all fountains. The matrix containing all things.
Thence abundantly springs forth the generation of multifarious matter.
100 ZOROASTER.
"EvStv (rvfofAivoq tt^tjo'tij/j ai/.vdpoio itvpo^ avBoi;, Ko<r/Awy ev^pua-Kuv MiXaiAaa-i. Havra yap evdev Kpyfrat e*5 to vtara rejve/v axTjvaf ay'qra.t;.
nATHP KAI N0T2.
'Eavrov o icctrrip ripicaKTtv ci/S' €v eij
Avvfii,i/.€t voep^ y.'KeKTaq /.Ziov ntvp'
Ov yap and 7rcc.rpi-Ayj<; ap'/yi'^ areXe? ti rpo-)(fiu^iu
TIavTa yap e^ereXfae Tcaryjp,
Ka* vu irapebuyie eintpcc,
'Ov TrpuTOv y.Xrj't'^eTai Tcav yevof avhpuV'
HaTpoyeve^ <j)aoi;, noXv yap fji.ovo<;
Ex irarpoi aX-Atj^ ^p€\pa[ji.(vo(; vom avBoi;.
Epya votiaaq, yap iraTpfnoi; vooq avToyeveOXo^,
Tla<riv iVianiipe ^eariAOv Tivpi^ptOrj epuToi;.
Q(j)pa Ta navra /Aevvj, "/jprnov €j? aiapavTov fputna.
MojTe Tcaai ra iiarpo^ voepu^ iKpaa-fAeva,
(peyyet , 'flf €V epuTt fJievri -MafAov aroi'xjsta //.evovra- E^e* TO) voeiv 'naipiy.ov vow tvhihovat Tlaaai^ -n-qyai^ Te y.ai ap-z/xii;. EtTT* yap "Kipa^ tou %aTpiY.(iv ^aOov, vca» v>]yv] ruv
voepuv. Mij 8e itporiXOev, aXX' e/xevev ev rip narpiytm ^aOoi, Kaj ev TO) ahvToi, Kara tvji/ '^(.oBpef/.j/.ova aiyrjv. Ov yap €t? iX/yv, i:vp e-neyieiva to wpcoTov 'Eijv hvva[/.tv vtaTavtXeiet (pyoi^, aXXa voa>. liVfjiMoXa. yap 'KaTpiv.o<; voo<; einrfipe Koc-ra xocr/xov. '0<; ia voy\Ta voet y.ai atppatrta v.aXX'fii'cai'
'OX0(f>V7j(; fA(piO-jM>q, aal ajA.€pi(TTO^.
Na> [/.ev yiaTe^et ra vo-qra, aia-drjertv S* enayet
KO(TI/.Oli.
Noj jwev xarej^et t« vofjra, ipvxyiv S' eitayei y.o(7i/.oii;.
ZOROASTER. 101
Thence extracted a Prester the flower of glowing fire,
Flashing into the cavities of the V\'orld : For all things from thence
Bee:in to extend downward their admirable beams.
THE FATHER AND MIND.
The Father hath snatched away himself; neither
Hath he shut up his own fire in his intellectual power.
For nothing unfinished proceedeth from the Father's rule.
For the Father perfected all things,
And delivered them over to the second mind,
Which the whole race of men call the first.
Light begotten of the Father, for he alone
Having cropt the flower of the Mind from the Father's vigor.
For the paternal self-begotten Mind understanding (his) work,
Sowed in all the fiery bond of Love,
That all things might continue loving for ever.
Neither those things which are intellectually context in the Light
of the Father in all things. That being the Elements of the World they might persist in Love. For by understanding he hath the power to instil the paternal mind Into all fountains and beginnings. For it is the bound of the Paternal depth and the fountain of
the Intellectuals. Neither went he forth, but abode in the Paternal depth, And in the Adytum according to divinely-nourished Silence. For the fire once above, shutteth not his power Into matter by Actions, but by the Mind. For the Paternal Mind hath sowed symbols through the world. Which understandeth intelligibles and beautifieth ineflables. Wholly division and indivisible. By mind he contains the Intelligibles, but introduceth sense into
the Worlds. By mind he contains the Intelligibles, but introduceth Soul into
the Worlds.
102 ZOROASTEU.
NOTS, NOHTA, KAI NOEPA.
Ka* rov iyoq vov -zov votjtov.
Ov yap av€v voo; ea-rt yorjTCV' ov X'^P^i titapx^t.
ioUTai. Tpo<prj he TO) voovri to j/oritov. MavBaye to vo'/jtov, iTzei i/cov (^u iirapxH' K«i Tov vov, oq rov ej/.'Kvpiov y.o<7fAov ayei. Nov yap vov^ ((rriv o v.ocj/.ov zeyvnTit; iivpiov. 01 rov VTsepY.ocri/.ov marpiKOi ^vkov lare vOjVVTt^, 'H vo'/jT-/] 'Ka<TVj<; T/yivjo-ea'? aye;. EcT* yap ri voyjtov, o xP'I ""' '"'«*)' "O^"^
avdet. H yap iTreyaXiVTi, e<; av vow, Jtctxfivo voyjo-rj, 'Hi; tj vouv, ov y.€ivov
voYjO-et^. Ec7Ti yap a'K'M]^ afjupupaov^ Suva/Ajj, l^oipai^ o'Tpa'n'Tovaa, rofJiaiat, ov Sv; x?"^ ^(pohpoT^ri voetv to vovjtov cueivo. AKKa vyjv ravaov ravavi (pKoyi Ylavra y-erpovarj, irX'/jv to votjtov evtetvo. Xpeco S17 TouTO voTjtrai* 7j yap eweyKXtM)^ Sov vow, •/cavted'O i/j7)(7ei? ouvc anTevwf. AaX' ayvoj' eTiKTTpocfmv oiA.y.a, ^ipowa arji; i^f^i^? Te;vaj vieveov voov E(? TO vo'/jTov, o^pa ft-aOr^i to vo-/jtov' ETTtj elo) voov vTcap-xfi- Tov oe v(if< Tra? vovg ^eov, ov yap
avev Nooj (art voy/Tov, nat to vo'/jtov ov vov %«/»< titapxa- Tok; 0€ irvpof vofpov voepotg TArprjar-^a-^v a/Kavra Eixafie tovKivovTU, r.arpoc, T:ii6rjvthi ^ovXtj.
ZOROASTER. 10-
MIND, INTELLTGIBLES, AND INTELLECTUALS.
And of the one Mind, the Intelligible (Mind).
For the Mind is not without the Intelligible ; it exists not without it.
These are Intellectuals and Intelligibles which being understood understand.
For the Intelligible is the aliment of the Intelligent.
Learn the Intelligible, since it exists beyond the Mind.
And of the Mind which moves the empyreal heaven.
For the Framer of the fiery world is the Mind of the Mind.
You who know certainly the supermundane paternal depth.
The Intelligible is predominant over all section. I There is something Intelligible which it behoves thee to under- > stand with the flower of the Mind.
For if thou inclinest thy mind, thou shalt understand this also.
Yet understanding something (of it) thou shalt not understand I this wholly ;
For it is a power of circumlucid strength, ! Ghttering with intellectual sections (rays) : but it behoves not 1 To consider this Intelligible with vehemence of Intellection,
But with the ample flame of the ample Mind
Which measureth all things, except this Intelligible :
But it behoves to understand this ; for if thou inclinest
t
I Thy mind thou shalt understand this also, not fixedly But having a pure turning eye (thou must) Extend the empty mind of thy soul
Towards the Intelligible ; that thou mayest learn the Intelligible ; For it exists beyond the mind.
But every mind understands this God; for the Mind is not Without the Intelligible, neither is the Intelligible without the
Mind. To the Intellectual Presters of the intellectual fire all things By yielding are subservient to the persuasive counsel of the Father,
104 ZOROASTER.
Kat TO msiv, ae< re [^ei/nv ciOK^/a crTpo(pa,Xi'yyi. ITvjya^ re Ka< ap^ec^t ^iveiv, ae< re j^iveiv ao;iv(>i CTpocpacKiyyi.
(TTpotjiaXiyyi Kqc7[/,oii; evOpmaxcoy, upei^v^v S»a Traroo? emrrjv. 'Two Svo yoi'v >j ^woyovof TT^y^ '7r£f';6j(eTa»
Kat 6 irojijTij^, 0? avTOvpyaiv TeitTjvaTo tov xoo'/xoy. 'O^ ex voov eKBeepe irpuTo^. Eo"0"ajt*€vo? TriiiJj nvp, aw^io-jjiuv ocppa ■Mpa<rri Tlriyatovi Kpar/jpai, hv icvpo^ avBo^ eTr«(r%&)v. Noe/jaif a^paifrti TO/^aK, e/^WTO? S'eveTrX^tre ra
iravTCi. Ta wTfTTftiTa Tuwouo-^aj. 'EiArjve(r<riv eoiKViai (pepouTaiy pr^yvvfAevai Kocrjuot; vepi trw^wao-j. A voff Xeyfi, TO) voetv 8»j irov Acye/. H [^€11 yap Swaw«5 o-f)/ evte()/e^, voi/j S' aTr' fxe«vot;.
ITNrE2, lAEAI APKAI.
HoXXat (Atv aJSe eve[A,taivova-i (pa€i)/oii waaoiq, 'EyiOpua-aova-atf v.ai ev alq a-ApoTqrei; ea.<ji rpei^, 'Ticoneirai uvtuk; ap'jfj.oi, avXuv. Apx<Xi) od TvczTpot; ipya, vo-qaairat
vovjTa AurBrjTOK; fpyoK;, y.ai a-ufA-amv cupeKccXfxpev . Aia. itopOjAiQi k(nuT€q^avQ.iru narpi, y.a,i tvj vXti. Ka« Ta e/Mpav^ (At [/.■>] {/.ar a ruv oupavuv tpya^ofAtvoi. Kai T cupc^vrj t*? r-^v ff/^avvj xoo"|t*OTro*Jiav iyypatbov7€q» Nov? Tiarpoi; eppoii^rjae, yof,<Ta<; axixaii
^ovXrj Tlcc[AiA,op(pQv; <Se«?. irijy/ii; 8' wtto />na? amTTTaa-a-i E^eOopov. 'narpoOev yccp e'/jv jSo^Avj xe reXo? re
ZOROASTER. 105
tad to understand, and always to remain in a restless whirling. Fountains and principles, to turn, and always to remain in a
restless whirling. By insinuating into Worlds the venerable name in a sleepless
whirling By reason of the terrible menace of the Father. Under two Minds the life-generating fountain of the Souls is
contained. And the Maker who, self-operating, framed the World. Who sprung first out of the Mind. Clothing fire with fire, binding them together to mingle The fountainous craters, preserving the flower of his own fire. He glittereth with Intellectual sections, and filleth all things with
love. That things unfashioned may be fashioned. Like swarms they are carried, being broken About the bodies of the world.
What the Mind speaks, it speaks by understanding. Power is with them— mind is from her.
lYNGES, IDEAS, AND PRINCIPLES.
These being many ascend into the lucid Worlds,
Springing into them, and in which are three tops.
Beneath them lies the chief of Imraaterials.
Principles, which have understood the intelligible works of the
Father, Disclosed them in sensible works as in bodies : Being (as it were) the ferrymen betwixt the Father and matter. And producing manifest images of unmanifest things : And inscribing the unmanifest in the manifest frame of the World, The Mind of the Father made a jarring noise, understanding by
vigorous counsel Omniform Ideas : and flying out of one fountain They sprung forth : for from the Father was the counsel and end
106 ZOROASTER.
Ar fl'v <rvvaT:reTxt Tcp waT/x, aXX'/jv y.a,T aXXvjv Zwijv, aTTO jxepiC,0[/.evav ox^rccv. AXa' eixifna-Bfia-av, vofpcc Trvpi iA,otpr]6€i<7a.t E<? aXXa? voepa?" KO(r/xw yap «va|
•ndkuiA-opcpm n/}»v6ij>cev voe/JOi/ tdttoj' acftOiTOi,, ov xaTa y.oa-[/.ov Ivcvo? fireiyoi/.fvoi [/.opcprj^ y-off a, v.Q<Ty.oq
riavTota*? tSeaj? >t€%ap(iT/Aevo?, uv f/.ia r.-tf^i].,
Ef '^? poi^QvvTa.1 ixii/.£pi<riA.evai aXXat,
AicKaroi, prjyvvjAevai v.o(t^ov -nepi (Twi*.acrt'
At irepj vtoXwou? a-f/.ip^aX€Ov^, i7if.t[Vi(T<7iv eoty.vtci^,
^opeovTai Tpaiiov(Tai' nepi 8' a^(^< aXXvSi? akX'fi.
Evvoiai voeptzi iCYiytiq iraTpiy.rjq ccno
Tlo'Kv iparro^fvai n^vpo^ avBo^
AyioijAfiTov xp'^i'O^j ay-iAV} (xpyy^oi/ov jSeaj
n^wTTj 'narpoq f^Xvere' Ta,<; 8' avro$aXrji; -nfiyr].
NoovjA-evai tijyye^ Ttarpodev voeov(Ti v.a{, avTcci.
'BovXa.n; oufydeyKTOKri ■Kivov[A,evai u(jT€ vovjo-aj.
'EKATH, 2TN0XEI2, KAI TEAEAPXAI.
E^ avTov yap Tiuvref emOpoxTKOvo'i
A/*e»X<KTO« re y.€pavvoi, y.oii ntp'^irrtjpoboxoi v-cXtcoi
n.(X[Mpeyyfoq aXuvj? itarpoyevov^ 'EvtaT^?.
Ka» iitet^ooyf.oc; itvpoi; av6i(;, i] 8e Kparccicv
Ylvevi/LO, 77oXwv, 'Kvptav ertc^ema.
^povpem av 'rtpriTTripirty ioti; aupciT^rai; eSavcfv.
Eyy.epa<ra<; aXv.'qq ibioy jwevo? ev avvox^va-tv.
€l TTi'^ ejr;€< Koa-y-oi; I'oepovi; avoxfjai; aizccy.'Keii.
'Ort epyari^, ot» eKSoT/j co-tj "irfpo?
'Ort y.%1 TO ^woyovov •srXnjpo* t>j? 'Eucct^i; xoXttoj/. Kat entppei tok (nvoyj^vtriv aXx^jy ^ij5&'/3ov Trt-po^ Meya ^viiajMviJK) .
ZOROASTER. 107
By which they are connected with the Father by alternate
Life from several vehicles.
But they were divided, being by intellectual fire distributed
Into other Intellectuals : for the king did set before the multiform
world An intellectual incorruptible pattern; the print of whose form He promoted through the world, according to which things the
world appeared Beautified with all kinds of Ideas, of which there is one fountain ; Out of which come rushing forth others undistributed, Being broken about the bodies of the World ; Which through the vast recesses, like swarms. Are carried round about every way. Intellectual notions from the paternal fountain Cropping the flower of Fire
In the point of sleepless time of this primigeneous Idea The first self-budding fountain of the Father budded. Intelligent lynges do (themselves) also understand from the Father: By unspeakable counsels being moved so as to imderstand.
HECATE, SYNOCHES, AND TELETARCHS.
For out of him spring all
Implacable thunders, and the prester-receiving cavities
Of the entirely-lucid strength of Father-begotten Hecate.
And he who begirds (viz.) the flower of Fire and the strong
Spirit of the poles fiery above.
He gave to his presters that they should guard the tops.
Mingling the power ofhis own strength in the Synoches.
Oh how the world hath intellectual guides inflexible !
Because she is the operatrix, because she is the dispeusatrix of
fire-giving life. Because also it fills the life-producing bosom of Hecate, And instils in the Synoches the enlivening strength Of potent fire.
108
ZOROASTEll.
AXXa M.ai (j)povpoi ruv epywv etai tov Tcarpoi;, A(pofAoioi yap eavTov, evccfvo? iinyo^evoi Tov zvitov TcepiSaXKecrdai tuv h^ccXuiv. 01 TeKerap'x^at (TvvetA'^itTa.t tok; (Tvvo)(^€V(ti. To*? Se Tivpoq voeoov voepoiq Trpvjo-Tvjpo-iy
AXXa na; vXaioii oo'a hcvXevei (Tvvoy^i.v(7i.
'Eacrccf/.evov mcotTtvyctv aKv.-i\v (jwroq v.O.a^ovcac,.
A}.y.ri TpiyXf^u, voov i^iv/^qv ^' oitXtaayra,
YlavToiciioi; crvv6-/i[A,cx, /3«XXf(v <ppej/i.
M>jo' STtKpoiTav 6/x.7Z'i'p(0;? trnopa.^yji/ oy^iroK;^
AXka (Trt€ccpyjbov,
Ot 06 ra a,Toy.a,, v.ai aiTO'^ra ^■fjixtovpyovo't.
Km (TufAUToeidr], y.cci y.ctTaTtTayf/.eva. etq iX'/jv.
'Ort i^f%'/) i:vp Ivi/oLfxa Ttajpoq ovcrcc (paeivoi/, Aoavaroqre /xevet, Y.ai ^wii)? 'biaitorii; ecrri' Kai i<7%(.i Koa-fAOv noXKa vK'/]puiA.a.ra v-okvuv. Nov yap iA.i[A.7]fAfx TieXei, io §€ -re'/fiev ey(;ii n
(rufA.aTot;. MiyvvjAii^uv S' oy^iiu^v, icvpoi; atpdirov epya
TfXovo'a. Mera Se naTpty.eK,q Stavoja? 4'^%''J> ^y^j i/aiu. QepfA'/j, \pvxova-a ra iravra, nareBeTo yap Nouv [/.fv (VI 4^XV' V^^JCI" S' «"' (rajfAart apycf. HjAeuv eyy.aTeO-fjy.e 'Tiairjp av^jpm Te ^S^uv re. Aplvjv €i/.\pvxovaa ipaoq, wvp, atGepcc, yioa-[/.ovi. ^vvvcpia-raTai yap ia <pvcTf/i.cc epya to) i/oepqi (peyyei Tov 'warpoi;' "^vX'O yap jtocr/A'/jo-ao-a rov /xeyav Ovpavov, v.ai koo-jaovitoi, jJiera, rov Tcarpoi;. Kepara S'e x«i avrrji; ear'/jpr/.rai avu. N«To<; S' ai/.(f)i Oeaq (pvati; aitXiroi;
•niupyirai.
ZOROASTER. 109
But they are guardians of the works of the Father.
For he asshnilates himself, professing
To be clothed with the print of the images.
The Teletarchs are comprehended with the Synoches.
To those intellectual presters of intellectual fire
All things are subservient.
But as many as serve the material Synoches
Having put on the completely-armed vigour of resounding light.
With triple strength fortifying the soul and the mind
To put into the mind the symbol of variety.
And not to walk dispersedly on the empyreal channels
But firmly.
These frame indivisibles and sensibles,
And corporiforms and things destined to matter.
SOUL, NATURE.
The Soul being a bright fire, by the power of the Father,
Remains immortal and is mistress of life ;
And possesseth many complexions of the cavities of the world :
For it is an imitation of the Mind ; but that which is born hath something of the body.
The channels being intermixed she performs the part of incor- ruptible fire.
Next the paternal conception, I, the soul dwell;
Warmth heating all things, for he did put
The mind in the soul, the soul in the dull body.
Of us the father of gods and men interposed.
Abundantly animating light, fire, ether, worlds.
For natural works co-exist with the intellectual light
Of the Father. For the soul which adorned the great
Heaven, and adorning with the Father,
But her horns are fixed above :
But about the shoulders of the Goddess immense Nature is exalted.
110 ZOROASTER.
Apy^ei o' av (pv(7i<; a-AaiA,a.T'/j kuo-ixuv re acci epyuv' Cvpcci/oi; o(ppci S'ee* ipoi^ov a'lhiw xataavpuv' Hat toLy^j^ "^e'Aioi; itepi y-ti/Tpoi', iTca:^ e6a(; eXflyj.
K02M02.
'O 'niiyjT/iq oi; ccvrovpyuv t€htv;»c6to tov •mu^ov.
Ka< T(^ 'Wvpo<; oyy.aq ivjv irepoq' ra £e Travra
AvTOvpyct:v, iva auf/.a to v.'j(T j/a-mv eiiTo/.vnevdrj.
l\Ci(rf/.0(; \v ev^fjkci^, y.ai [^vj (paivijrat ifA.(va:i-/i^.
Tsv oXoK xotTjttoy €"<t icvpo^, xat iidaT!/<;, Kott yri^y
Kat <r:avTorpo(j}OV atOpfjq-
T'appVjTa, y.ai la pv;Ta avu^-ti^oux a, tov yi.oafji.ov.
A/.ATiV xaT* aX'Arjv ZfiOfiv, aico i/.^pt^wiA.ivuv o%fTwv.
Ait'fifv SiijKOJ'To^ €7ri TO hmt' avTiy.pv
Atci. Tov y.ei/Tpov t^^ -yy)^-, vta< 'sre[/.'mo>/ j^ecrov, ua'aov
Uvptoxov, (yOa v.a.Tit<Ti (/.expt v7^aiuv oyetoiv.
ZuYjCpopOV Ttvp.
\\ivTpa) ^TtiCT'nep'Xjjov iavrov (jxiiToq neAaiiovTO^. Ilijyatov aXXov, o? tov euTvpioy y.oay.ov ayet. Kei/rpov acp' ov ■aaaat i-^fxpt^ av ivyov laat eaat. ^vu.€oXa yap r.a.rpi.-A.oq vooq eameipe v.ctTa Kotraov. Meaov twv izafepccv kv-aaz-qq -nii/Tpov (popetrat. Noi; yap [/.ij/.'/Ji/.a, izeXd' to ^€ Teyfiev e%6t tj cra'/yCotTO?.
0TPAN02.
'Etitcc yap e^uynaxre izaTrip <TTep€af/.aTci xotr/xo-'v'
Toy ovpavov nvpTO) (ryfjy.ctTi irfprnXetcra;.
n^jle Se TtoXvv ofjiiKov atnepuv ccnXavccv .
Zuuv y.cci 7rAayw,t',€>fcj' vipeaTrj-Aev kitraha.
Fvjy 0 ev y-io :;' nCnc, v'J'j:o 6' ev yoLiaq koatto*?,
ZOROASTEE. Ill
Again indefatigable Nature commands the worlds and works ; That Heaven drawing an eternal course might run, And the swift sun might come about the centre as he useth. Look not into the fatal name of this Nature.
THE WORLD.
The Maker who operating by himself framed the World. And there was another bulk of fire, self-operating All things, that the body of the World might be perfected. That the World might be manifest, and not seem membranous. The whole World of fire, and water, and earth. And all-nourishing ether.
The inexpressible and expressible watchwords of the World. One life with another, from the distributed channels. Passing from above through the opposite part Through the centre of the Earth ; and another fifth the middle. Another fiery channel, where it descends to the material channels. Life-bringing fire.
Stirring himself up with the goad of resounding light. Another fountainous, which guides the empyreal World. The centre from which all (lines) which Avay soever are equal. For the paternal Mind sowed symbols through the World. For the centre of every one is carried betwixt the Fathers. For it is an imitation of the Mind, but that which is born hath something of the Body.
HEAVilN.
For the Father congregated seven firmaments of the World,
Circumscribing Heaven in a round figure.
And fixed a great company of inerratic stars.
And he constituted a septennary of erratic animals.
Placing earth in the middle, and water in the middle of the earth,
112 ZOilOASTER.
Hepci 5' avctide^ toiitwv.
Jl%e 5e Kai TroAvv of^tXov acTTep'jiv aiihavuv.
M')} rac€i eirmova 'jiovYjp^
rivjfrj be li'kavfiv ovv. eyfivtxrj (pepea-Oat.
Ewijge 5e yiai -nokw oi^iXou aanpaiy anKccvav.
To iivp 'Kpoq TO T!vp avayxaffaj.
ITjjfr/ nzKoM't^v ovy. e%ot/cri7 (pepea-Qat.
'E| a'jTOL'f inrea-TYjcrev, iSdouov vjeXiov,
'Mearejji.€o'A-/jTai; irvp.
To ara'/CToy avruv evratiroiq ai>ayiptifji.aaa(; Z^ava-K;.
TiUTe; yap vj &€«, ^ijeXiov re i^cyav '/.at Xaixitpaii a-eXrjvvjv.
AiB-qp, iiXie, izveviAoi cr€Xr]y/\c, aepo; ayoj,
'HXtci'^uv T€ wv.X'jiVy Y.ai jxrivccixv xayay^tcrfAuv.
KoXsuv T€ vjepiu'v.
Ai6pri<; [xeXo^, '^eXiov t6, v.ai /x.tji'');? o%€t&'!', •/; re
Kat TiXtxrvi; aijp, y.'^i/ai'jc re hpofxoq, v.a.i •noXoq 'i^eXtoiO. ^vXXeyet avro, 'AciijA,€a,yovaa ai6pyi(; /-if Aof,
HeXiov re, aeXrjvri^ re, y.oci oto, f]epi
ffive-xfivrui. Yivp 'Kvpcii; e^o'/^erevjAoi,, y.a,i Ttvpo^ rauixi;- Xairat yap e; o^v T:e(pv/.ori (J>iiri [3Xe~oi/Ta,i, 'Ev6a Kpovoi;.
'HeXiOf i^apetpoq e-Kicr-MTrea'v ttoAov ayvov. AiBepioq re ^pty.oq v.ai [f.-f[V'fi(; a'KXeTO(; opfA-zj, Heptoi re poon.
HeXiov re [/.eyav, v.ai 'AafA.'Kpa.v aeXrjv^v.
XP:)N02.
©eov eyKoafMov, aiaviov, airepavTov,
Neov naoi irpeir'SvT'^v, eXwoeiSy;.
Kat 'rt'fpjo.ivj aXXov, oq rov ey.iivptci' y-Uujaov ayei.
ZOROASTEU. 113
The air above these.
He fixed a great company of inerratic stars,
To be carried not by laborious and troublesome tension,
But by a settlement which hath no error.
He fixed a great company of inerratic stars,
Forcing fire to fire.
To be carried by a settlement which hath no error.
He constituted them six, casting into the midst
The seventh fire of the sun.
Suspending their disorder in well-ordered zones.
For the goddess brings forth the great sun and the bright moon.
Oh ether, sun, spirit of the moon, guides of the air,
And of the solar circles, and of the lunar clashings
And of the aerial recesses !
The melody of the ether, and of the passages of the sun and
moon, and of the air. And the wide air, and the lunar course, and the pole of the sun, It collects it, receiving the melody of the ether, And of the sun, and of the moon, and of all things that are
contained in the air. Fire the derivation of fire, and the dispenser of fire. His hair pointed is seen by his native light. Hence Cronus.
The sun assessor beholding the pure pole And the ethereal course and the vast motion of the moon, And the aerial fluxions. And the gieat sun, and the bright moon.
TIME.
The mundane god eternal, infinite.
Young and old, and of a spiral form,
And another fountainous who guides the empyreal heaven.
114 ZOROASTER.
•*-TXH, 2nMA, AN0PnnO2.
X|ji) <Te ffireySftv "afoe, to ^ao; xcw icarfoc, anya?,
Ej/fltv €'iief/.(p67j aoi i^'u^tj, 'KoKvv eo-ca/Acvvj vow.
TavTcc irarrjp €vvor](re, ^poTo^ S' oj €i|/d%wto.
SfjtA^oXa yap ■jraTpwtoj voo^ ecnreipe ran; ;|/Dp(;ai^,
EjJWTt ^aSfi (r.va.TtXria'aq rrjv xpvx^yjv.
KareOero yacp vow ev^pvx/ri, eu a-ufAocTt Se
'T(W€a? eyvtaxeO'/jxe iiarrjp avbpuv re ^euv re,
Aaufxctra {/.ev ecrn ra. Sre<» itavroL.
^ujAexTo, Z' ev avroic vixuv eveMv evScSera*.
Mij Swa/xei'Ot)? KaTa5"%€JV atru^arovq rccv a-uixaruv,
A.ta r-qv (ru)i^ariy.-/jv, ««j rjv eveycevrpKj-Ovjre, (pviriv.
Ev §6 S'ey vtfjvTa* iivpcrovq eX-AOVcrui ayi[/,aiovq.
E>c TiarpoOev nartoi/req, a^' t' v il/y;^!; Kartoi/Twv
'EfA'Kvpiuv ^peirerat Kap-sruv, ^pv^orpoipov avBoq.
A(0 v.ai vovjo-aaoci rat, epya. rov itarpoq
'Moip7j(; ei'Mw^jixev/}? to i:r(pov (pevyovaiv avui^eq.
Kqw yap TijvSe ^l/v^ijv jSi;? aTToy.ccraarcza'a.v,
AW aXkfiv evivjart -Kn-Tfip, evapiBfA-iov eivai.
'H /AotXa 5f y.eivai ye ixay.apra.rat e^oy/x, Ttaa-euv
"^vyjxccv, Tcon yaiav ai^ ovpavoBev mpoyjiovroii.
Keiva* oKttat re, y.ai ov (para veii^ara eyjivaai.
'OcTo-a; a-K ajyA^evTo?, ava\, <Te6ev, r) Se y.at avrov Ek AiOf e^eye vovT 0| ;u«tou \ipar€prj(; vie' avaynYj^, Hyeio-die rpv/^vii ^aBoq afx^porov, ow/AaTa 8'
apS>)v Ylavra ev.iierao'ov avu.
MijTe KaT« vei;o-6«s f«5 tov [/.eXavavyefx, v-oafxav. O. ^aOoi aiev aina-roq inrea-rpurai re, y.M 'A^i A[X(ptYt.ve(})Yiq, piTTOuVf ejSi'Xo^apvjj, avpyjroq, Kpv][xvu^yji;, enoXiOi, TTupav ftaOoi; aiey eAK7<Tccv, Af J vvix<peva^v <}L<pai/ei; Sf|i*aj, apyov, a-nyevi^ov.
ZOROASTER. 115
SOUL, BODY, MAN.
It behoves thee to hasten to the light, and the beams of the Father,
From whence was sent to thee a Soul clothed with much Mind.
These things the Father conceived, and so the mortal was animated.
For the paternal Mind sowed symbols in Souls,
Replenishing the Soul with profound love.
For the Father of Gods and Men placed the Mind in the Soul,
And in the Body he established you.
For all divine things are incorporeal.
But bodies are bound in them for your sakes :
Incorporeals not being able to contain the bodies
By reason of the corporeal nature in which you are concentrated.
And they are in God, attracting strong flames.
Descending from the Father, from which descending the Soul
Crops of empyreal fruits the soul-nourishing flower.
And therefore conceiving the works of the Father
They avoid the audacious wing of fatal destiny.
And though you see this soul manumitted.
Yet the Father sends another to make up the number.
Certainly these are superlatively blessed above all
Souls; they are sent forth from heaven to earth.
And those rich souls, which have inexpressible fates.
As many of them (O king) as proceed from shining thee,
Or from Jove himself, under the strong power of his thread,
Let the immortal depth of thy Soul be predominant ; but thine
eyes Extend upwards.
Stoop not down to the dark world.
Beneath which continually lies a faithless depth and Hades Dark all over, squalid, delighting in images unintelligible. Precipitous, craggy, always involving a dark abyss. Always espousing an opacous, idle, breathless body.
116 ZOROASTER.
K(3Li 6 [A.i(Ttj(f)av'/ji; v.o<Tf^oq, vta» to. o-vcoXia peiBpc!,
'T(f> &v itoXKoi Karairetpovrai.
Zv)Ty}<Tov ttapaSeia-ov.
A»^eo (TV ^^vxfji o%€Tov, Idev, ri t«vj rix^ei
'Euuari ri6v<raq, em tu^iv «(^' iji
eppwji AvBiq avaa-TTjcreiiy Upai Koyo) epjiv evwaa^. M1JT6 Kara vevtrei^, itpvjwvoi; vtara 7555 i^TroHecraj. 'E'^Tairopov a-vpuv Kara /3a6jM,(So?' ^v
Af;vij5 avayvtij? ^povo; i<Tzi,
M»j <ru ai^fave t>)v (l[/.ccpiAf >■»]:'•
'^^X'l ^ fJt-epoTCtiJV 6(ov ay^ei tccci; e<s fccinvjv.
Ovhev S'v/jTov e^ov(7a, cKyj ^€o6ev fj.(fj.iB€V(TTai.
'ApfAOViccv avx^ei yap, i(p' tj TrtXe cufxa ^poreiov.
'PevtTTov xaj auiKtx a-accarm;.
EtTTt Jtat €<S(yX&) |t*f/"? f? TOTTOV afJt.(pt(pOC0VTCC.
TlavToBev a.r'kaa-jcf i/zf^v) irypOi; '^i'«a T€<v&v. 'H itvpi6a'Av/ji evvoia wpuria-Trjv e^et ra^iv. To) TT^pj -ya^ ^poToq if/.TieXa(Taq OioOev (f)aoi i^ei. Ai^BvvovTi yap ^porm ■npei:voi /xaxa/jf? Te'AeOovcri. At iffoivaj f^epoTCoiv aynreipai.
Koct to, Mocyivji vXi}i /3Xao-TijM.aTa y^p-qcTa, Kcti ia6\a, EXm? rp€(p€Tu> <re icvpioxo^ ayyeXivicf eui X^'/'a). AXX' OKx etate^eTat y.€ivvjf to S'cAfiv Trarpwo? vovi;, Mt^pn; av e^trMri A^S-;)^, v.at prj[ji.<x, XaKvja-ri 'MvrjjA-qv etcrQefxcuri icazpiY-ov <7vvB'/)fji.cii.roi ayvov. Toiq 8e 'bitay.Tov (haov^ eSwxe y)ia!pKrf/.a XaSeaOai. Tov? Se wvwovTa? e»j< eve>capTr<c7€v aXxi;^. M») 7:v€vua, [/.oXvi/rj^ jU^jre jSa^wTj^ to fTTiTreSov. MvjTe TO T'/j^ ^Avjf (7KV?aXov ■npi^fAvu y.a,raMi\l/€ii. M^ e^a^rj^, Iva. jWij eftovo-a «%i] tj. B«ij oTt (T03j/.a. KiTtoyTui/ \pvxai tiaOcipuTaTai. ^KX^jS e^uerrvipei avaiivooif evXvrat et(Tt.
I
ZOROASTER. il7
And the light-hating world, and the winding currents
By which many things are swallowed up.
Seek Paradise.
Seek thou the way of the Soul, whence, and by what order
Having served the body, to the same place from which thou didst
flow, Thou mayest rise up again, joining action to sacred speech. Stoop not down, for a precipice lies below the Earth. Drawing through the ladder which hath seven steps ; beneath
which Is the throne of necessity. Enlarge not thy destiny.
The Soul of men will in a manner clasp God to herself. Having nothing mortal she is wholly inebriated from God. For she boasts harmony, in which the mortal body exists. If thou extend the fiery mind to the work of piety, Thou shalt preserve the fluxible body.
There is a room for the image also in the circumlucid place. Every way to the unfashioned soul stretch the reins of fire. The fire-glowing cogitation hath the first rank. For the mortal approaching to the fire shall have light from God. For to the slow mortal the Gods are swift. The furies are stranglers of men.
The bourgeons even of ill matter are profitable and good. Let fiery hope nourish thee in the angelic region, But the paternal Mind accepts not her will, Until she go out of oblivion and pronounce a word Inserting the remembrance of the pure paternal symbol. To these he gave the docile character of life to be comprehended. Those that were asleep he made fruitful by his own strength. Defile not the spirit nor deepen a superficies. Leave not the dross of matter on a precipice. Bring her not forth, lest going forth she have something. The souls of those who quit the body violently are most pure. The ungirders of the soul which give her breathing are easy to be
loosed.
118
ZOROASTER.
AaiTja (1/ Aayo<7n> 'Exar^? a/jer^? wfXe vrjyrj'
EvSov oXvj [xif^vova-a, to -napSevov ov upo'teia-a,
n To'kiA'qfOTa.Tqq (pvcreuq, ai/Bpwize, it-/ya<7iKa,
^'>j TO. iieXupia jAerpa yoctTji; viro trijv (ppevoe, ^aKXov,
Ov yap ocArjdeirji <pvTCiv evi yfiovi.
Mvjre i^€Tp'ei [Aerpoc ijiXiov v.a.vovai; <7Vvct6pma-oc<;,
Atfij^i) ^ovat^ (pepeTat, ov^ eve-AO, croio.
M'/jt/aioy fji€v Ooou'/jua, v.a.i tzTtepiov
'TtpoTTopevj/.cc MijV/j? poi^ov eacrov, ccet rpe^ei epyui avcfrpLf^t^. Ao-Te/3(ov TrpoTzopeviAd, ae9(v ^apiv ovv. eXn^evO'^. AiOepioi; opnduu bxpcroi; irhccTvi; ov tj-ot aXYjOriq, Ov ^va-mv avXayxvoiv -re TOi^cx,r TaS' aBvpiAara. tzccvto.,
EixT^opiwii; a-KaTTii a-r7jptyi/.aTa,' (pevye <rv lavTO.
MeXXwv evcriti-fj<; Upov -TiapalfKrov avoiyetv.
EvO apuT-/], a-0(pia t€, y.cci evvoy.ia a-vvayovTat.
2ov yap ayyuov Srvj^f? X^ow? oix>jo-oKO-i.
Ai/Tov? Sc %0iiv KaTOJ/JixTa* «? Tcxva /-'-«%<)<?.
AAIM0NE2, TEAETAI.
H ^i;o-;? TTCi^et ewaj todj hai/AOvai ayvov(;. Kai TO. v.ay.fi(i vXyj^ ^kaerr'^i/.a.Ta x/j^jo-ra, vca< to-^Xa. AXXa ravra ev cctaToi^ cryjyioii; tiavoiaq aveXirric. Ilvp ixeXov axvpryjloy ck ijeaoj oiS^a TiTaivuv, H xa< TTu/j aTi^wi'Ti/V, oSfv f/jt'vvjv irooBeova-av, H ^w^ TiXova-tov, aiAcpiyufiV poiC^am, eXixOeV AXXa y.ai iimov ilttv (puroi; TrXeov aa-rpa-nrMra, H xa* 7ra/8a TfO/? vwTOff ti:i-/j^vjj:.ivov l-Tinov, Ef^mpov '/) %/3ro-a) TreTr^xao-jwevov, ^ Trat.XtyviJivov, H Jtaj Tofeiifli/Ta, >ta< etTTajTar €7r< vutok;, IIoXXaKi; Tjv Xflyj^ jwof, aOpYjO-r^i Tcavra
XcwTa, OoTf ya/) ovpavioi; wprc^ Tore (paiverai oymq. Ao-Tf/Je? ou Xa/XTTOva-;, to jw^v^f <^a;? K#xaXv7rTa(,
ZOROASTER. 119
la the side of sinister Hecate there is a fountain of virtue ;
Which remains entire within, not omitting her virginity.
Oh man, the machine of boldest nature !
Subject not to thy mind the vast measures of the earth,
For the plant of truth is not upon earth.
Nor measure the measures of the sun, gathering together canons,
He is moved by the eternal will of the Father not for thy sake.
Let alone the swift course of the moon and the progression of the
stars, For she runs always by the impulse of necessity. And the progression of the stars was not brought forth for thy sake. The ethereal wide flight of birds is not veracious, And the dissections of entrails of victims ; all these are toys, The supports of gainful cheats ; fly thou these If thou intendest to open the sacred paradise of piety ; Where virtue, wisdom, and equity are assembled. For thy vessel the beasts of the earth shall inhabit, And the earth bewails them even to their children.
DEMONS, RITES.
Nature persuades that there are pure Demons.
The bourgeons even of ill matter are profitable and good.
But these things I revolve in the recluse temples of my mind.
Extending the like fire sparklingly into the spacious air,
Or fire unfigured whence a voice issuing forth.
Or light abundant ; whizzing and winding about the earth.
But also to see a horse more glittering than light,
Or a boy on thy shoulders riding on a horse.
Fiery or adorned with gold, or divested,
Or shooting, or standing on thy shoulders,
If thou speakest often to me thou shalt see absolutely that which
is spoken, For then neither appears the celestial concave bulk. Nor do the stars shine, the light of the moon is covered,
120 ZOROASTEU.
Xduv ovy. ecTTijHe, [3X(T!€toc.i T€ Tiavira y.epccvyoii. Mij (pV(7€ii)i KaXeo-y;^ avTOTiTpov ayaXaa, Ov yap XP'O y-^t^o^i ce ^ASTreiv Tcpiv (7ui/.a, TeXto'dri' 'Ot€ Tcct; i/'txs:; S'eAyovTf? ast Tajj- reAeTiij/
aTiayovat, Eve S' apa >toATa;v jcti-qq ^putrMVo-i x9ovK)t kvi'€?, Of 'jtOT oXfiBeq (Tuy.ct ^poTCji avdpi Ser/t!/WT€?, Eveoye* wep* tov 'Enarivcov (tt pocpsckov , OvoiAQCTOt ^ctp^scpu jAfi-noT aXXa^Tjo EiCTi yot,p ovajjiara itap eKOLcnoii S'eocrSoTa AvvajJi-iv €v TfXeraii ap'pYjTov €%ovTa. 'Hvfuac ^Xeiprji; iJi.op(f)'^(; arep iv'kpov i:vp, Aau7rojU.€voy o-KupTvjSov oXoy Kara ^evBeoi, wcfAov, KXvOi Tivpoq (puirjv-
0EO2.
'O 8e 6eo? eo-Tj Kfi^aXiji' €%&»/ Upa-no^' ovroi etrriv o ntpuToq acpdapro^, ai'S<o?, ayev'/jTO?, ay-epriq, auoi/,otoraro(;, vjvj3%o? icavTOi vicckov, aS^ypoSoxijTO^, ayaOut/ ayaOaraTO^, (ppovtiAuv (ppoviixcoraroi;. ean 8e nat itccT/jp evvojAiai;
(pv(Tiy.ov fiovoq ivpezviq.
ZOROASTER. 121
The Earth stands not still, but all things appear in thunders. Invoke not the self-conspicuous image of Nature, For thou must not behold these before thy body is initiated : When soothing souls they always seduce them from these
mysteries. Certainly out of the cavities of the Earth spring terrestrial dogs. Which show no true sign to mortal man. Labour about the Hecatick Strophalus. Never change barbarous names, For there are names in every nation given from God, Which have an unspeakable power in Rites. When thou seest a sacred fire without form, Shining flashingly through the depths of the World, Hear the voice of fire.
GOD.
But God is he that has the head of a hawk. He is the first indestructible, eternal, unbegotten, indivisible, dissimilar ; the dispenser of all good; incorruptible; the best of the good, the wisest of the wise : he is the father of equity and justice, self- taught, physical, and perfect, and wise, and the only inventor of the sacred philosophy.— £?^se6. Prcep. Evan. lib. I. c. 10.
i
THE PERIPLUS
HANNO.
THE PERIPLUS OF HANNO.
'ANNflNOS
KAPXHAONIQN BA2IAEn2 nEPinAOTS.
THE VOYAGE
OF HANNO, COMMANDER OF THE CAKTHAGINIANS.
TON imp lai 'HpaxXesu? RouND the parts of Libya beyond
a-rrjXai AtSwwv Tij? yrji; [/.e- the Pillars of Hercules, which he
puv, ov '^ai aveflvjvtev ev tw too deposited in the temple of Saturn. Kpovov Tefii.(V€i, hrjXovvra raSe.
ESofev Kap%>]Sov*oj?, 'Avvava TcKitv e^u <TTf\Km 'Hpay.Xeiwv, •/cat noKeK; vcri^eiv Aitvcpoivi- ■nuv. y.ai eT:K€va-€Vf icevrri'noii- ropovi k^vixovra ayuv, Y.<iii 'TiXvidoi; av^puv y.ai yvvaiKUVf €iq apidjA,ov fA,vpiaiciiv rpiuv, xat (7<T«, y.ai Tfiv aKKfiv Trapao— X6M13V.
a-rvjAai; iraprjiAeixpajAev, y.ai e^u TtXovv Zvoiv yjiAepcov eitXiv- aay.€v, eATtaccfAev irpuTVjv TzoXtv, rivTH/cc uvou.a<j a^JLiv &vi/.ta,r-/}ptov' Tre^tot V avrrj ue- ya VTtrp/' v.q.'neira, iipoq e<n:€pa,v avaxOevrei;, mi lokoii/To. Ai- tw.ov ayipurepiov, Aaaiov Sev- hp«j-i a-vv/,X6oixev , evQaUoaei^u-
It was decreed by the Carthagi- nians, that Hanno should undertake a voyage beyond the Pillars of Her- cules, and found Libyphoenician cities. He sailed accordingly with sixty ships of fifty oars each, and a body of men and women to the number of thirty thousand, and provisions and other necessaries.
When we had passed the Pillars on our voyage, and had sailed beyond them for two days, we founded the first city which we named Thymia- terium. Below it lay an extensive plain. Proceeding thence towards the west, we came to Soloeis, a pro- montory of Libya, a place thickly covered with trees, where we erected a temple to Neptune ; and again pro-
126
vo? lepov lhpvcrai/.€Voi, ■wa.Xiv eve^yjfAev 'zpoq 'ffkiov ay<(r%ovTa riiJiepciLi 'f}u.tTv, ciyjpi e/i.o[/,iG'6i/j- jAey €!<; Ktuvrjv ov T^op'pu tyj^ ^aXaTTTii; y.eiy.ei/yjv, kscXccjaov //.etTTjjv 'j:o'kKqv kxi jMyaKov.
taXka, ^fipicf, v£[/,ojA,eva. Tiay.- iroXXa.
Tjjv re Ai/x.i/'/jv nupak-' Xa^avrei; o<rov ijixepat; ttXovv, y.a,raiv.fiiTay.€v TroXet? 'Rpaq rrj ^ecXarTTi y.aXovj/.€va.i;, Kapitiov re rei^O(;, y.ai TvTryjv, yiai Ay.pav, xa< MiXnrav, y.oli ApajA^vv. yigt,\i€i6e> S' ava,x- QiVTeq, riXOo(A.ev e-nt [Aeyav TioTxy.ov At^ov, aro t»;? Ai'Svyji; piovra, mapa. 8' avTov, No/Aa8e? avOpuTioi A»|tTaj. ^otrvi'fijA.aT (.vefMv, 'map 0*5 e^weiva^Mfv ouy^pi T«/of, ^iXoi yevi)iA,€voi, Tovruv he KaO' vTcepBev, AiBioitii; ukuvv ag€V0i, yrjv veixouevot ^ripiut'ri hteiX-^IAi^evrjv op€(7i jweyaXoj;, 65 d'V pay (pa<n -vov At^ov- ire pi Se Ta oprj, Y.aroiY.eiv av- dptyjtovi; aXXotofA,op(pOTj(; TpuyXo- hvrai' ov<; Ta^vTepov^ litiruv ev hpofMiq €(ppa11,ov oi Ai^nat.
AexMovrec, Se 'noi.p' avTuv ip- l^rjvea<;'7rap€'!:X(0[Aei/ t^v (pyj[ji.yjv ■npoi iAea-tJiA.€piav, hvo '/jfAepat;. exeififj/ Se 'TcaXiv icpoi; ^fKiov avuTyfiVTUy rjiA-epaq Spo/^ov. ei-^a (vpoi^-ev €v {Avx^ Tmi; koXtcov,
ceeded for the space of half a day towards the east, until we arrived at a lake lying not far from the sea, and filled with abundance of large reeds. Here elephants, and a great number of other wild beasts, were feeding.
Having passed the lake about a day's sail, we founded cities near the sea, called Cariconticos, and Gytte, and Acra, and Melitta, and Aram- bys. Thence we came to the great river Lixus, which flows from Libya. On its banks the Lixitae, a shepherd tribe, were feeding flocks, amongst whom we continued some time on friendly terms. Beyond the Lixitse dwelt the inhospitable Ethiopians, who pasture a wild country intersected by large mountains, from which they say the river Lixus flows. In the neighbourhood of the mountains lived the Troglodytse, men of various ap- pearances, whom the Lixitee described as swifter in running than horses.
Having procured interpreters from them we coasted along a desert coun- try towards the south two days. Thence we proceeded towards the east the course of a day. Here we found in a recess of a certain bay
127
>y;croi' jAUpav, w/.Xov (ymaav uiahiwj TCivre' Vjv vtaTyvtvjo-a-
y.ai.po(jiiQoc S' avT/jv ey. tqv •nipncXov, y.at eii6v Y-UdBcii Kap^'/jSovoj. eyxe* yoip 6 iiXovi;, iY. Te Kap%>)Soyo?, er.i a-rYjXai;, y-coyietOev eirt Kepvjv.
Tov>Tev6iv e<5 htiz-vriv acpi- •K0fA,e6a, Sj-jc t<vo? voTau-ov (/.eyaXov hccirXeva-ccvrei, Xpe-
rpeti [^(t'^ovi; tvj^ KepVTj^. a<p'' uv ■/jf/.eprja-iov tiXovv Kccravv- (r«vTef, ei^ r/jv fj^vy^ov ttjj Xi[/.iir}<; ■/jXdoy.ev. iiap ijv oprj {/.eyitTTo, VTvepeTeivei', lAerpt, miupwnixDi aypiKv, h(.p\/.a/zct, ^rjpeta ey/ju.i/.ei'uy, ot iterpoK; paXXovT€(;, auripoc^oiv 'i]iJi.a,q, v.uXvovr(i;eYSYjvat. exeiSev TrXe- ovTe<;, €i<; erepov TiXOoy-iv 'norct- fAOV f^eyav v.cn 'KXa-cvv, y€- u.OMra •upov.oheiXouy v.ai lit-Kuvno- raff.tuv. oOev Se iraXtv ai:crpi\}/- avT(<;, €k; KfpvTjv €Trav'/]X9o[X€v. Ex€<9fv Se eTii fjifa-'/jjxSpi- aq sTcXiiKTay-iv SwSeita ^/*6- pai;, TYjv yr^v itapctXiyoiK^voi- ■yjv Tiaa-ai' \iar<^y.ovv AiSioiiei;, (pevyoi'Tei; v}[^ct.q, y.at o\j% v-no- uevovreq. aavvtra S" eipBey- yovrOf nai roiq jaefi' yif^oiv Ai|- naK;. ttj 8' ovv reXevraK^ rjf^epoc,, Ttpoa-upiA.ia-Orjixev opecri fA.€yaXoti; ^aareatv. '/jy 8e ra t«v
a small inland, containing a circle of five stadia, where we settled a colony, and called it Cerne. We judged from our voyage that this place lay in a direct line with Car- thage; for the length of our voyage from Carthage to the Pillars, was equal to that from the Pillars to Cerne. We then came to a lake which we reached by sailing up a large river called Chretes. This lake had three islands, larger than Cerne ; from which proceeding a day's sail, we came to the extremity of the lake, tiiat was overhung by large mountains, inha- bited by savage men, clothed in skins of wild beasts, who drove us away by throwing stones, and hindered us from landing. Sailing thence we came to another river, that was lare:e and broad, and full of crocodiles, and river horses ; whence returning back we came again to Cerne.
Thence we sailed towards the south twelve days, coasting the shore, the whole of which is inhabited by Ethio- pians, who would not wait our approach but fled from us. Their language was not intelligible even to the Lixitee, who were with us. Towards the last day we approached some large moun- tains covered with trees, the wood of which was sweet-scented and varie-
128
hevhpuv ivXa (vu^yj re y.ai ttoj- )t;Xa. TcepiirXivcravTeq Se ravra 'fllA.epxq Zvo, 'yivoy.iBv, (v ^a- XaTTTii '/p.<7[Koai aiA-eTpv^Toj, vji iiti !^a,T€pa Tzpa^ ry 75, weSiOv '/jv, o6iv VDvtTo? ci(peu- pciil/.ev, i:vp ava(p(p'jy.eyav "sav- Tax^Oev y.ar' wwocTTacrf;?, to [/.ev 'nXioy, to S fXaTTOv.
'T5peu(ra|M.€vo» S' iv-nBiv, e- 'nXiOfji.iv f(? Toil^^:poa■6€v yji^epa^ TTevTe 'KCDpa. -yjjv, a%|3< -/jKOoufv €»? [Aeyav y.oknov, ov e(p«,<rav ot epfAv^veeq y.u'keiaOa.i, 'Ecme- pov Kepai;. ev 8e Tovrcc, vvja-oi vji/ (/.eyoKti, v.ai (v ty) vijo-s), Xi/av^ ^aXatrirwS'/;?, ev Se ravr-ri fv^iTOi; irepa, ei^ rjv cx,T:o€avTe^, vj[A€pcc<; [A.€V, ov^ev a(pfCi'puy.€V, oTi i^'/j vXvjv' vuKTO? Se, itvpcc Te 'KoKKa naioiAevct, y.ai (pu^i/tiv OLvktcv Yj'/.o'iOfJi.ev, y.v[/.€a,Xccv re ■/.ai Tvy.'Eavuv itcx/za.'ydv, y.ai Kpavytiv f/.vptfK,v. (po€oi;ovv eXa- €£V 'fiy.0L^, v.ai 04 [/.avrfu; tvte- Kevou txX€*ire<v tuji/ vrjo-cv. Ta%v S' evcTrXfvo-avTe?, 'Kccprj- IA.€i€oj/.t6a "/upav ^iUTivpov 6v- /vnajWaTt'v* jWetTTOt S' air' anTij? i:vpu^eii pva.-A€<;, ivetaXXov eti ttiv S'aXaTTav. vj ytj S' iiwo ^epfJLviq, a,€c(.ro(; rjV. ia.yy ovv v.av.eS€v cpo€-/i6e}/Te^ airewXet;- a-aiMv' TeTTapai; S' ijixepa^ (pfpofAenoi, vvKTOt; tvjv 7-/)^ a(j>eu'pci3iA€v, (pXoyoi j/.to'T'^v. ey
gated. Having sailed by these moun- tains for two days we came to an immense opening of the sea ; on each side of which, towards the continent, was a plain ; from which we saw by night fire arising at intervals in all directions, either more or less.
Having taken in water there, we sailed forwards five days near the land, until we came to a large bay which our interpreters informed us was called the Western Horn, In this was a large island, and in the island a salt-water lake, and in this another island, where, when we had landed, we could discover nothing in the day-time except trees ; but in the night we saw many fires burning, and heard the sound of pipes, cym- bals, drums, and confused shouts. We were then afraid, and our diviners ordered us to abandon the island. Sailing quickly away thence we passed a country burning with fires and per- fumes ; and streams of fire supplied from it fell into the sea. The coun- try was impassable on account of the heat. We sailed quickly thence, being much terrified ; and passing on for four days, we discovered at night a country full of fire. In the middle was a lofty fire, larger than the rest, which seemed to touch the stars. When day came we disco-
HANNO.
129
Till* aKKuv jwei^ov, dTcro[/.€i/ov uq eSoxe« Tojy aarpuu' oiro^ S' ijfAfpai, ofoq ecpaiveTO [/.eyi<r- Tov, ©ei'v o%7)f*a KaXofjwevoj'. TBiratot S" €X6(6€v, irvpcii^eif fvayia^itOLpcf/icKivcravlny axpi-M- jxtBa. €<5 KoXwoy, Notou Kfpov Xeyoi^evov. ev 8e ry i'*'^Xf> vqcro^ >)v, eotvtwtof t») mpwri^, Xj/xvijv exovaa,' y.xi ev Tocvrrj, vi]<roi yjv erepc^, jWetrT'/j avBpa- itwv ccypiuv, iroXv Se TiXetoy? 7j<ra» yyvajxfj, Saereiat toi^ a-uiA,ex,(riv' di at ipjAVjuiei; evta- Kow TopiK'Aa(;' StwitovTef Oe, av^pa^ ftev, auXkatnv ovu
jwev e^ecfyvyov, yip'fj[^vo€a.Ta.i ovrec, xai tojj fxeTrptoii a,[/,vvo- jjiivot. yvvafna,/; Se rpej?, a» ia,wov<rai re xa< irTiaparrov- (Tcti Tovi ayavrai ovk vjdeXov fTcta-Oon- a-KOxTeivavre^ iA.€VTOt avrai;, €^(^eipai/.€y, vca« ra; S«p«? eY.ci/.iiTaiMV (ii; Kcipx'^- Sava. ov "yaf €T( £TrXfi;ixa;/x£i/ Tcpoa-urepu, tuv <riru.'v ^,waf e'7r»X(wo>'T&)Vt
vered it to be a large hill called the Chariot of the Gods. On the third day after our departure thence, hav- ing sailed by those streams of fire we arrived at a bay called the Southern Horn ; at the bottom of which lay an island like the former, having a lake, and in this lake another island, full of savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and whom our interpre- ters called Gorillae. Though we pur- sued the men we could not seize any of them ; but all fled from us, escap- ing over the precipices, and defending themselves with stones. Three women were however taken ; but they at- tacked their conductors with their teeth and hands, and could not be prevailed upon to accompany us. Having killed them, we flayed them, and brought their skins with us to Carthage. We did not sail further on, our provisions failing us.
THE END.
WILLIAM PICKERING, LONDON, 1828.
Thomas White, Printer, Johnson's Court.
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKE
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
Cory, I. P.
The ancient fragments
|
mm |
Iff 3:1 1 ml 1 [mlm |
i |
1 1 I |
1 |
ig 1 |
f |
i |
|||||
|
S'ii §liP |
1" ^i'iiii 1^ |
1 |
||||||||||
|
4 I |
||||||||||||
|
p |
||||||||||||
|
P|' |
i |
lin |
III |
|||||||||
|
iiii |
S^ |
[|ii Si |
III |
|||||||||
|
:^^^8 |
4:'; ; ii l::«:|i r 1 i@ R:i| ^ i^^^ol IIP |
I vx |
M'fi |
11 |
||||||||
|
^^miSS |
||||||||||||
|
CT t ^ |
Hi |
|||||||||||
|
IB |
||||||||||||
|
TlStttt «•« |
li 1 |
HI |
ill |
Mm |
H |
|||||||
|
^ lit r i |
■ |
Hh |
||||||||||
|
HlHiilitPi^l- 1 |
§ |
lH |
||||||||||
|
M^P |
Mr |
I |
||||||||||
|
S^ PM 1 A |
||||||||||||
|
■ |
||||||||||||
|
^BH |
||||||||||||
|
^^^imMilffiliS |
^^m |
|||||||||||
|
^H |
||||||||||||
|
^lH^^l^tii {?i Wi'i ^Si^B |
||||||||||||
|
i^^i^S' U'^ &• H ml ^'\w^M |
||||||||||||
|
^^^'^^Ww m&Wiimiaal |
||||||||||||
|
^^^^^^^1 |
||||||||||||
|
M |
31 iiS |
i '^1 |
1 |
|||||||||
|
fiiM^^^Bs ^P^*l |
B ^^^£ |
|||||||||||
|
%'^^T^^^^^ "J^^^ffl's^ m |
||||||||||||
|
m'i ;g! ^^^fii |
||||||||||||
|
^}fe5^^^^^ iwl^ffi^^l |
||||||||||||
|
P»wSS» ills |
PI |
m
|
': |
EM |
■"»C^.«
:»::;^:ii.r*
ii^^^:::m;:.;:«
•»^ ••/ mmA' ii«^,' ^mi" mm^ mm <•€. <
\*' "•
•if,
'AT' *C
*t^
i^-
^^^a' '
i':^«T'-i":
.*'r^^'
'% : M'^m./.^