SA \ \ \ oS : AN I iC VSS“ SS SS RN NK PUPAL OR I Pe PEIN TEEN IP OL IER APOIO CE tr are Lisp Rivne) Sei tip MALLE LAE \ SS LESAN SRS AX SS SSASAs ~ S AQ \ A \\ \\ SQ \ AK RAG SS NN aS ANS SAN \~ \\ . \ LQG a \ YS . “AY \ \ \ \\ \ . MQ \ QQ RAG \ V7 \ \ \ \\ \ \ NY \ \ AYY SS SAY » \ ‘ a SNS \\ : \ \ . \ \\ AWW NX WES MY WH SS AG WKS: II MQ MH QW . . IQ \ .: \ SWS oe WY \ WY \ WW QQMQA A RMAVys SO RQVq SN VS Vag Qo» Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: a _ erse! Ee Py mi i aye yt nue wate ANIMAL CASTRATION BY ae EAU TARD Mb. VON. Professor of Anatomy, Operative Surgery and Sanitary Medicine to the American Veterinary College, New York; Nationat Corresponding Member of the Société Centrale de Médecine étérinarre, Paris; Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, England; Member of the Société Vétérinaire d’ Alsace-Lorraine; Member of the Société Vété- rinaire Pratique, Paris; Member of the American Veterinary Medical Association; Foreign Corresponding Member of the Academy of Belgiwm, ete., ete. WITH FIFTY-THREE PLATES EMBODIED IN THE TEXT NINTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED oop NEW YORK WILLIAM R. JENKINS 851-853 SIXTH AVENUE LONDON BALLIERE, TINDALL & COX ~ 1902 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. One Copy REceivep MAY. 28 1902 COoPvRIGHT ENTRY er. Hitt IG 0 LASS 2 XXe. No. Su yu COPY 38. COPYRIGHT, 1884, 1902, BY WILLIAM R. JENKINS ® ,se © An ROO 8c ae2. € €2e Fs e e Ce, se Sie 8 e eo ie € e¢ WO 8) O17 ea) -eCic: (es ° ern eos © € e@®e ese es ® aa e ee 2 © ¢ 2 @ e ee @ ee © &€e eee s ¢ 5) c 6 * ce AC RICCE COCOA acane oe ots ets e ¢ oe *% € Ce é e e s © e e © Cc & ec 2e e ©. ee € € Cre Ch eet ® ‘gzte * Cada AENC eet po it at te eave OO et iee0.e7 60-88 5.2 2 e “eo PRINTED BY THE PRESS OF WILLIAM R. JENKINS p _ NEW YORK TO HENRY BOULEY, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF Paris, This little practical work has been respectfully dedicated in testimony of the continued esteem and respectful remem- brarce of one who was fortunate in being numbered among his “ormer students, by THE AUTHOR. INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW EDITION. Since the first publication of my little work on Castration, many editions have been offered to the public and have received such kind reception that I have thought to revise and improve it in many points. In the new (ninth) edition, besides several minor additions, we have rewritten a few entirely and taken advantage of the progress that has been made in the castration of criptorchids and that of the small animals, We have also freely quoted from the writings of Professor Cadiot in changing the entire chapter on abdominal and inguinal cryptorchidy, and called upon the experience of some of our American confreres, Dr. T. B. Rodgers, of Wood- bury, N. J., and Prof. E. Ryder, of New York, from whom we have obtained the articles on spaying of swine and caponizing roosters. We take this opportunity to thank them for their kindness in writing those chapters. A few new illustrations have also been inserted showing the various steps of castration in ridglings. To our publishers, the old house of W. R. Jenkins, we tender our thanks for their efforts in allowing us to make the work worthy of the reception our friends may give to our new edition. THE AUTHOR. March, 1902. INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION. In presenting this concise treatise upon castration of the domestic animals, it is not intended to offer new modes of operation, but merely to collect together the various methods in use and leave the reader to appreciate them at their value. It is a work which, it is believed, has not yet been done in English veterinary literature, and on this account it is hoped will prove of interest and use to those engaged in that specialty of veterinary surgery. In gathering the material, advantage has been taken of several of the most recent works of French and German writers on the subject, and plates have been obtained from the original and excellent wood cuts of Zundel, and Peuch, and Toussaint. In presenting this volume to the indulgence of veterinari- ans, it is with pleasure that the author acknowledges and offers his sincere thanks to Dr. Holt for the great assistance he has kindly given in revising the manuscript. THE AUTHOR. Meee 5 1 praeritem ae CONTENTS. PAGE mbdominal Cry ptorchidy o.oo .s.0.0 eas. eee ose ee Ue mbscesses: in Scrotal region .<...)cc6s. oce sae s ce vies cis a ente 111 a HES PCLVICACAVILY suas iss ccieactaeeoe RCI 2 eae 147 Advantages of Castration in CoWS.............cceeceeees 130 Age at which Castration ought to be performed.......... 8 Amaurosis..... Shei a//0. aielel aree/oie ofa, olathe Gwe cheer alot aeend ewe een ee aan 125 Amatomy, of the male parts. oo... ose e se eee ee 15 es Stns hemale: $e ssn Ne awn sues saa one ee weerua ie 181 Pr OUTING Ooi sc odes fs dicra nave ss cools ere ad eee a RE UE cea 58 BISEOUINZ CACHE 5 viata. 05 a5 6 sso a eae ase he 137 Castratiomof Cry ptorehids: .. 2.250 se se) cooks eee. 58 My Catseseecunenu Hedge imaretatsverc re tass eave wntmmnre cess 68 re DO Sis cea te crear gst eoackarets areas a MER 154 : Fashion and convenience..............000% 9) fe Hema lest incre ee ened uc wots taco. 128 oe Bowl siivician da tvonceie elven On kic cc ae I a 161 of INCCOSSIb Yak se since ia nae aoe ot ao 4 se Siiallcuminam(ss cso) sons sages eel 148 és SWIG oh ocr. Stee oc eM orig the ph esas geal tas on eal 150 WMP TOTO 305 sy 94 5 Ho Ve winner tiwese arc uaeiisis viel weteloe bain cs 112 oe SUP OEE Cla eres a ces ce) aay oe ek oa VN a 114 os Deep... acc EN oc pat rea cy 115 Sharer solmstrumients.... co - careuaueseeee nec casas 135, 136 “f Me thro dee ee os af aie eter etnies actuals 135 PR eee SCISSOre Ng eas tne Aee chee Vaden ouey onion 138 CHE NTO) ORAS RISG Sead ea he ane a TS a nA Cea nl 41, 42 ML OUEC ce Sinan circ eo wae ieln mroue ene Mua maees 6s 35 Siassitica tion. Of Methods. = 2.0 sco ssc. ost sone ses 19 CITIES CU Ste Se MIEN Ren aed dints - SemNSRE re tla nn Hip eos par ee 107 Combined Forceps of M. Beaufils.............escceeseeee 29 IX x CONTENTS. Comparative View of the Various Modes................ 125 Complications and their Treatment............... .. 106, 146 Conditions favorable to the operation. ................... 130 Consispalson 2... 226 < se sese Sates Bae et sae k anne 148 Covered Operation. -... 0.22.25 0 coon nee ne swe mnennne= at Crushing of the Testicular Cord............-....--+-+++ 57 Carved: Clapipg. S2eensce- «se cote ee een eee 117 Dangers of Operation Standing Up......... oo Sa ae ee 13 HeGnition of Cashraion:...-2 5... .c 5.2 sn ee ee ee eee - 5) DOGS. = 2s ssa doesn ce ete oees oSictiecs cence eee een oe eee 154 Double Subcutaneous Torsion. ........... cece eee eeceee 58 GTASCUES: 2455 0se2 2 2s ae cee ee ee ee ee ee 32 Effects of Castration. <<. ....... 21. 6./d.ccnsccee sy LO ee Emphysema, subcutaneous. ..... 2... eee essence ee eee eeee 148 XESS ona ieee anenes ue asd eses ees 6 2 sae see 20 (REET Sat iP ee ee ene Oa ee aes - 7 Warps sats sen oa seers sinw a See eee eee 30 ‘* Forceps for Castration by. ......... ....20--+-200- 36 WishHIOb ENE SCTOMHN. . 2202 oceans See ae i 121 Forceps for Holding the Ovary............+-+seeeeeeeees 138 Bowik. ccciccs cea ane ene ne eee eas See ee ee eee 161 Free Tersion. -.. «.4644--<<--= Pere er eee ei cre - 24 Ganerenes- m. cin =< oe ee enim eee erie aces omen ee ees 110 Hemorrhage. ..5 2. 2200 nen cc cees scent ie ceeceec=s 108, 147 Hernia of Casifanion . 22.5252 2505 oes std ne en ee eran eet 122 History of Castration... .. 2.2.22... cee cece ee ee eee eee = Hygiene and subsequent attention. ...........++.22+ eee: 104 Incision in the Vagitia.. .2 22.02. 2.2 cs eee ee 139 Inguinal Cryptorchidy.............2e- ee ee eee e eee e ences 7 eee IGETEA, Seca deed ies 2 ws cae ee can ee ee ae 122 Scr 11s ce ene ep era - Seperate Gerry ere 51 £6. SC ASrIeE Su a an a eae ee eee eee ae ee 119 CONTENTS. Ligature of the Cord only... ........-.205 sscevseccesces a ofthe Miterent: Canales sais gers sce ee eco us of the Spermatic Artery............ nisottebees, Mole HPTTATGC OL OTST ON s/yers, core c oreke os 5 tte aiaiel cians ccsjor eats aele wicter et ILameehe OTarsl ih e665 4 Goon Han dao Guo OC AuEOnracoancoc bacco odc Methodsby, the Clamps soi 02. s1ttsdejices o< )iae sie aie ef SSH CPASCUR., ac: ss crore Sisic ress aves 1d Weise Or epeiccorecebote ee Cree BL ATUKS sare eis acern ciera ok of SiatayoSOaee estate et sierensiehsten Methous Classificatiom Of < 756. asc silecielewine cleelelaleleeietat ole NOU eS Ol C1CATIZAEION: ssc: nic ss « «ie sel isiene cies <6 el sleisistele cls Modus operandi of Bistournage............cecceee ce eeees es = s$ oe UHI Cc ms cauacooos 60, es a s ae RG SSM clare tetera 62, 66 66 66 6 ALE Vas or reel ceatave ee levoneaslererene 6 20 ‘© Castration of Females..............0 “6 oo “ Covered Operation............2+2+06- &< és ce LIMIPed: LOLSIOM. a1. cs srenicis ok aie ws riers 6 6 *¢ Uncovered Operation..............-- IESE WLGGRTUN GAS Ors cecess here aero oh ta bo ah rare abe ls Sulocesete monaneh cloeuel ete 123, Preparation of the Patient. ......6 ceeees ceeesecceecens Purposes Of Castration.......cscccscccceccssssscscccrecs Removal Of the Ovariesanc so davcccec «© eeiciaie e eiaeleie olelo clei ele's Vest « WIOMES) Oita ays clas 6 c's orl ercreie eres evelecbsceial ost lei) che).sis'si al SeASOMeMOSt LAV OTADION «6 «ccie« eicieieicie/eeicisicleieic elncie s -ics +i BSC Re PIE Seer etsy atis rate see) aye) diel a vate onerose crave sieleleioueltc eiel ereie\ etele!sicl ule Second Method of Castration. ........6...e.e0+ seveeees Securing the Animal Down...........006 sceeveseeeeeees Sorcening of the Bags.) <.1c ssc cece ce cccinsiae + ce ceess:- 60, Standing Up Operation... 2.202... 36 0. Pr operaraiarerrave ei fiona HY a Da Gers Of 3 oj.so/e1cclais «ele ele sisi aimee Subcutaneous Twisting...........-+- SOMA C ONO ORO OUND Swelling of the Scrotal Region. ............2eeeeeeeeeees xii CONTENTS. Tearmn@iof the. Clam psec: oc ess avec: Pee Sone see 107 ROGAN USS oc die wa ess cecioniee Watauiac ae Nene eee a ee 124 Thimble for Castration............ Watic’ ede kes wake aoe 138 Ehird Method of Castration... -oc.cc ir ai ook ee 56 BOFSION oiaselscs ko dayd dud Aa ows Sew Cb CHOSE Nd Ss Oe 23 sc) @beve the Epididimis.. 26 os. Socios s septa cena 24 ro. Welow the Ppididimis® .. .0s.. conc ss oc dence 25 pele, SPOECEDS occa toe o cnie Gee eee er ea ee 26, 27 BBE TOO. 02 coccunb Ws Sees Conn kd Dace eee cee 24 sai, WUPBRRILOER Cece hc ta aie ete eae ene w cintien ceeeee 26 Uneovered ‘Operation... 15.6.0 dac00 00845 waotetd a: ctale Setere nant 47 MENIAL SHOCUIBNY. seas. oe sl oc dca wee Gade eee 136 «187 ANIMAL CASTRATION. CHAPTER I. DEFINITION—ITS VARIOUS PURPOSES—AN OLD OPERATION —ITS HISTORY—CASTRATION OF NECESSITY—CASTRA- TION OF FASHION AND CONVENIENCE—ITS EFFECTS— UPON THE GENERAL ORGANISM—UPON SOME SPECIAL FUNCTION—-UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANIMAL —AGE AT WHICH IT OUGHT TO BE PERFORMED—SEA- SON MOST FAVORABLE—PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT —MODES OF RESTRAINT—CASTING—STANDING UP— ANATOMY OF THE PARTS. OF all the operations pertaining to the domain of Veterinary Surgery, without doubt the practitioner is most frequently called upon to perform—more es- pecially in breeding districts—that of castration, the destruction or removal of the essential organs of gen- eration in our domesticated animals, It is, however, 4 ANIMAL CASTRATION. not nearly so often resorted to for purely surgical reasons as for purposes closely related to questions of agricultural and industrial economy, by reason of its effect upon the individuals of the various species of animals subjected to it, in order to improve their value and increase their usefulness to mankind. And that this is its practical effect is no modern discovery. As far back in antiquity as seven centuries preceding the Christian era, it was known and practised upon various animals. Of this we may find ample histori- cal proof in the writings of Roman, Greek, and Ori- ental authors, where specific mention appears of the various methods employed, including the processes of excision, of crushing and of tearing. Even the castration of females was known to our less remote ancestors, the Danes having in the sixteenth century performed it on sheep, swine, cows, and even mares. The spaying of cows, however, seems to have been forgotten about the beginning of the present century, and it was not until the year 1831 that Thomas Winn, of Natchez (Louisiana), and afterwards Levrat (of Lausanne), brought it to the attention of veterinari- ans, aS a means for the improvement of the milky secretion In cows. The operation may be considered under two distinct heads. Under the first it is to be considered as one of necessity, as when performed with a therapeutic object in view; as, for example, when it constitutes one of the last steps involved in the surgical treat- ment of strangulated hernia, or of diseased conditions of the testicles or ovaries. such as orchitis, epididy- ANIMAL CASTRATION. Bn 5 mitis, sarcoce:e, hydrocele, cyst, etc. In the other case it is resorted to for reasons of mere fashion and convenience, and has for its object the production of such a modification of the general organism as shall increase the adaptedness of the animals subjected to it to the uses to which they are applied; when, of course, the economic becomes the paramount and ex- clusive reason for thus interfering with the obvious . creative purpose. It is the operation as performed under this general heading that we shall now prin- cipally consider. In relation to this latter object it must be borne in mind that the operation is followed by certain pecu- liar effects, which may either manifest themselves upon the entire organism, or upon some special func- tions only. In the first instance it is quite evident that the primary and most obvious effect of the mu- - tilation is to be discovered in the character and dis- position of the animal, which at once becomes in a double sense an “altered”’ creature, docile and sub- missive, and entirely willing to become the obedient and useful servant of his human master. But it is not alone that we find the vicious stallion, the un- controllable bull, the kicking jackass, the dangerous boar, and even the hysteric mare and cow transformed into the useful gelding, the quiet ox, the patient don- key, and the “fatherly” barrow, the quiet working mare and the productive cow, as the result of the change which the character—the nervous system, in fact—has undergone. Besides this, other marked changes are to be observed of a more distinctly 6 ANIMAL CASTRATION. physical character, such as a modification of the entire organism, manifested in the external symme- try, and the expressive physiognomy of the creature, when deprived of its virility. The animal becomes more quiet, and its general form is modified. If altered at an early age, the skeleton will be arrested in its growth, and the mass of muscles attached to it will participate in the de- fective development; the head will become elongated, the legs will continue to be lighter, and the body will show a corresponding lack of development. In other words, the male animal will tend to assume the characters of the female, in form and feature, the gelding, indeed, resembling the mare, not only in the ensemble of his appearance, but in his voice, which loses the resonance of the stallion’s, and his physi- ognomy, which becomes milder and less expressive ; while his neck is lighter and his mane more scanty, with the hairs which compose it more fine and silky, A like tendency exists in other male animals to acquire aresemblance to the female as an effect of the operation of castration. The altered bull has a weak and feminine voice ; his head is narrower and elongated; his horns become lengthened and more curved; he has exchanged his wild and threatening aspect for a mild and gentle visage ; his neck also is lighter and his chest narrower ; his bony structure is less massive ; and he has, besides all the rest, ac- quired a quality of essential importance to mankind in a dietetic view, that of accumulating fat. This last phenomenon shows us that besides the other ANIMAL. CASTRATION. yf changes referred to, there is an important modifica- tion of the nutritive forces of the animal, or at least a change in the direction of their action. When thus deprived of his virile functions the animal ceases, in effect, to exist as one of a species, but maintains an essentially individual life, in which the assimilable nutriment which he absorbs, instead of being in part appropriated to the office of repro- duction of his kind, is all devoted to his own individ- ual conservation. In animals not used for draught purposes, or in other labor, when the food received js nearly always in excess of the amount required for the support of the organism, the result follows that the surplus of nutritive substances (found sometimes in great abundance) becomes stored in the connective tissue and intermuscular structure, and that in this way the flesh assumes superior and more nutritious qualities than that of the unaltered animal, while, at the same time, it loses the strong and peculiar odor frequently communicated to it by the presence of the testicular apparatus and secretion in the entire animal. This property of modification of function is proba- bly still better illustrated in the effect of the opera- tion upon cows, where we shall find not only the power of accumulation of fat increased by castration, but, above all, the milky secretion in.proved both in qual- ity and quantity, and also in the duration of the flow. 8 ANIMAL CASTRATION. AGE. The question, “at what age can an entire animal be altered?” admits of a simple answer, to wit, “as soon as the testicles can be easily reached—as soon as they appear outside of the abdominal cavity, and are found in the inguinal canal.” But although it ean be performed at that epoch, or deferred to any period of after life, it must be remembered that it is easier and less dangerous in young than in older ani- mals, and that with the former it is a simple opera- tion, producing, ordinarily, no noticeable alteration in the other functions, and but rarely followed by accidents. A period between eighteen months and two years is generally preferred for horses, though, according to some authors, even a much earlier date may be chosen, some English veterinarians being accustomed to operate at as early a date as ten days from birth. Tt is immaterial, however, at what precise time the operation may be performed, since it is a conceded point that the earlier it is done the better. SEASON. When it is possible to choose the season most fa- vorable for the operation, and for securing the best chances of recovery, the spring, or the early stages of the fall, are those to which the operator should give the preference, provided the atmospheric tem- perature is moderate and not susceptible to sudden variations. It is to be remembered that at some ANIMAL CASTRATION. g periods of the year, without any known or apparent cause, a tendency appears in wounds to take on gan- erenous or septicemic complications which are not so generally observed in the mild weather of spring and early fall. Another essential condition which surgeons will do well to take into consideration is the general health of the subject, as in all cases of surgi- cal interference, any diseased tendency already exist- ing (perhaps latent) in the patient, such as an anzemic condition, a gourmy predisposition, or typhoid sus- ceptibility are likely to give rise to the development of serious and perhaps fatal sequelze to an operation which, simple as it may be in itself, is nevertheless not without danger, or of possible complications of its own. PREPARATIONS. The preparations to which the animal is to be sub- jected previous to undergoing the operation are the came as those which are required in other cases of surgical manipulation. Some portions of the prep- arations are, perhaps, of even greater importance, and may not, on any account, be overlooked, when we take into consideration the peculiar position in which the animal must frequently be secured in order effectually to control his movements. Hence, a low diet for twenty-four hours preceding that appointed for the operation, and an empty stomach at the time of castration, with a thorough washing of the sheath; are precautions which no surgeon entitled to the name will overlook or neglect, especially when a soli- 10 ANIMAL CASTRATION, ped is to be subjected to the knife. It seems use- less at the present state of surgical practice to state that, even if the method of antiseptic castration is not applied, it is essential that the washing of the inguinal and scrotal regions as well as of the sheath should be thoroughly attended to, and that with anti- septic solutions. We shall discuss hereafter the indications in the case of the castration of large females. RESTRAINT. Two modes of restraint are employed in securing the animals during the manipulations for the re- moval of the testicles, one which is applied to all the various methods yet to be described, and the other applicable principally to the method of amputation of the cord by use of the écraseur. In the former, the animal is thrown down and secured with one of his hind legs fixed in a position in which the inguinal region is fully exposed. In the latter he is allowed to remain in a standing posture, and is kept quiet by the application of a twitch upon his upper lip. As the first mode of securing the patient is the safest for all parties engaged in the undertaking, and from the further fact of its applicability in all methods of operating, we shall first consider it somewhat in detail. ll ANIMAL CASTRATION, By veterinarians who employ the old method of casting with four hobbles, the animal, being properly Condition of the horse in lying posture. Steps to bring one of the hind legs upon the corresponding front one. prepared, is thrown upon whichever side corresponds with the operator’s habit of manipulation, whether 12 ANIMAL CASTRATION. with the right hand or the left, and the leg opposite to that on which he is lying being released from the hobble, is carried forward upon the corresponding shoulder as far as it can safely be done. To effect this a loop of rope or platelonge is passed around the coronet, below the fetlock, the free end being carried forward over the dorsal border of the neck, under the neck, towards its anterior border, and is then carried back under the same hind leg, between the hinder extremities and over the hock, from the posterior border, where an assistant, stationed at the back of the animal, is ready to receive it. (Fig. 1.) By careful, gradual and steady pulling upon the rope the foot is brought forward upon the external surface of the shoulder, and there secured by two or three turns of the rope around the coronet. But it often occurs that in this position the inguinal region is not sufficiently exposed, and some of the steps of the operation may thus be rendered difficult, even when the surgeon has taken the precaution to pose the body of the patient and place him partly on his back, by means of bundles of straw pressed under the side upon which he lies. Many operators prefer the use of the double side line, with which, when the animal is thrown, both ANIMAL CASTRATION, 13 hind legs are brought forward together, and he is fixed squarely upon his back, and the inguiral region thus brought distinctly into view. The manipulation is thereby made easier for the surgeon, and, it is claimed, safer for the patient. The possibility of danger attending these methods has led many veterinarians in Kurope, and in the United States as well, to prefer the operation with the animal in the standing posture. But it is to be considered that the same compli- cations may arise in all instances, with the exception of apprehended injury to the vertebral column, which, though possible, is almost unknown, in fact, at the usual age of the castrated animal. It is to be considered, likewise, that the animal on his feet is free to struggle as violently as he wishes, and is thus exposed to the risk of the pulling and lacera- tion of the spermatic cord, and a resulting pre- disposition to enlargements of that body and the formation of champignons. When it is considered, again, that by the traction of the cord the superior opening of the inguinal canal is necessarily dilated, and the formation of a hernia of castration is liable to take place, we submit the point to the intelligent judgment, whether, in the presence of these possibilities of extremely dangerous accidents, it does not become the duty of the yeterinarian to prefer the mode of Fig. 2. 1. Testicular envelope. 2. Posterior serous septum. 2’. White muscular fibres of Bouley. 3. Serous membrane—portion of the tunica vaginalis 3’. 3”. Visceral layers of the tunica covering the cord and the testicles. 4. The testicle with its peritoneal covering. 5. The epididymis. 5’. Globus major. 5’, Globus minor, the tail. 6. Deferent canal. 7. Spermatic blood vessels and nerves. ANIMAL CASTRATION. 15 securing his patient in the supine position, both in ‘his own behalf and that of his employer. It is not uncommon, however, to see veterinarians resort also to the use of stocks, in which the animal is kept standing and can probably be secured in a better way. ANATOMY. We now pass rapidly in review the anatomical structure of the inguinal region and of the testicular organs. A knowledge of these is of course essential to a proper understanding of the description of the - various modes of operation, and of some of their sequel, upon which we shall soon enter. The testicular envelopes, passing from the surface inwards, are represented by the scrotum, the dartos, the cellular coat, the tunica erythroida, formed by the cremaster, and the fibrous and serous or vaginal sac (Fig. 2). The scrotum is a continuation of the skin, and forms a complete bag, common to both testicles, which it contains and covers; the skin being here thin, vascular and nervous, usually black in color, almost hairless, and soft and unctuous to the touch. Itis divided into two lateral halves by a raphe or median line. It is very elastic, and easily yields to the efforts of distention, to which it is subjected, and when stretched over the organs it contains, pre- sents a shining aspect, due to the sebaceous secretion which covers it. It easily contracts to its shrunken 16 ANIMAL CASTRATION. condition, and may be closely drawn up into the in- guinal canal, when it assumes a thickly wrinkled surface. The second envelope, the dartos, is a prolongation of the tunica abdominalis, and is a yellow, fibrous structure, forming two distinct sacs resting upon each other, and lying on the inside of the scrotum, to which it is intimately adherent. In the lateral and superior parts the adhesions are looser, and in front it becomes continuous with the suspensory ligament of the sheath, which, like itself, forms a portion of the abdominal tunic. Under the dartos is a layer of very loose cellular tissue, the lamellee of which are so formed that it may be divided into several superimposed layers. This formation endows the testicle with great mobility in the dartoid sac; and these layers may be easily separated with the finger from the external surface of the fibrous coat beneath, except posteriorly, where it forms a strong band which sometimes requires even the aid of an instrument to divide. The next envelope is represented by the tunica erythroida which is the cremaster muscle, and from the lumbar region extends itself downwards into the inguinal canal along the outside of the cord, and ter- minates towards the superior part of the testicle in fibres spreading only over its external face. This muscle, by its deep surface, rests upon the fibrous coat—another envelope of the testicle and of the cord —and to which it is closely adherent. To the power- ful contraction of this muscle is due the retraction ANIMAL CASTRATION. 17 of the testicle inte the depth of the groin, which con- dition sometimes it is so difficult to overcome in the first stages of the operation. The fibrous testicular envelope which we have just seen giving attachment to the cremaster, is a thin membranous bag, elongated like the neck of a bottle around the spermatic cord, which it envelopes, and dilated below, in order to enclose the testicle. Lined internally by the serous coat, to which it intimately adheres, this last membrane is a duplicature of the peritoneum, drawn downwards by the testicle when it descends from the abdominal cavity into the in- guinal canal. This serous envelope has, therefore, two coats, one lying on the inside of the fibrous tunic, and called the parietal, and that which covers the cord and the testicle and is known as the visceral. These two layers approximate towards the posterior border of the cord, and, as they unite, form a sort of fold, band, or septum which divides into two parts the posterior portion of the vaginal cavity, and becomes a means of solid adhesion between the tail of the epi- didymis and the bottom of the sae. The testicles, thus covered by the visceral layer of tire serous coat, are suspended at the end of the sperm- atic cord, and surmounted upon their superior border by the epididymis, the first part of the deferent canal, which is folded upon itself, while at its posterior ex- tremity—the “tail,” so called—it continues in a straight course, and conveys the product of the secre- tion of the testicles into the vesiculz seminales, lodged in the pelvic cavity. 18 ANIMAL CASTRATION. The spermatic cord is formed anteriorly by the spermatic or great testicular artery, which forms, in that portion, a large number of flexuosities, caus- ing its length greatly to exceed that of the cord to which it belongs. It contains a network of veins, and lymphatic vessels in abundance, which are united to the curves of the artery by a somewhat loose cellular tissue. A large number of nervous branches, given off by the solar plexus, surrounds the whole. Between the lamellz of peritoneal structure which forms the posterior septum, ard which unites the parietal with the visceral layer, there is found a band of grey muscular fibres—first discovered, I believe, by H. Bouley—which exerts a powerful agency in the retraction of the testicle towards the inguinal ring. Behind this muscle, and situated on the internal face of the septum, are found the deferent canal and the circumvolutions of the small testicular artery. Having thus considered the essential points of the anatomical structure of these organs, we shall next seek to enforce the importance of their careful study in reference to the intelligent and skilful performance of the important operation which we are discussing. CHAPTER II. CLASSIFICATION OF THE METHODS—-THREE CLASSES— FIRST, IMMEDIATE AMPUTATION——-SECOND, AMPUTA- TION AFTER APPLICATION OF HEMOSTATIC MEANS UPON THE CORD—THIRD, WITHOUT AMPUTATION, BUT DESTRUCTION OF SECRETING POWER OF THE ORGAN —SIMPLE EXCISION—-SCRAPING—-TEARING AND TOR- SION — TORSION — FREE AND LIMITED —-ABOVE OR BELOW THE EPIDIDYMIS—LINEAR CRUSHING—FIRING. Tue methods of performing the operation of cas- tration may be variously classified, though in each class a varying number of modes will come under our notice. The first class will include the operations by which, the envelopes having been cut through, the vaginal sac opened and the testicle exposed, the organ is separated by an immediate section of the cord. A number of different processes are included under this head, among which are those of scraping, of tear- tng, of torsion, of linear crushing, or by the ecraseur, and of firing, or the actual cautery. (x9) 20 ANIMAL CASTRATION. The second class has also for its first or prelimi- nary step, that of the first, viz., the incision of the bags, the opening of the vaginal sac, and the expos- ure of the testicle. But instead of removing the or- gan by the division of the cord, we proceed as a second step, to the application of an apparatus de- signed to operate by producing compression along the length of the cord, and in this are included but two modes of operating, that by the ligature and that by the clamps. The third class, according to our category, presents to our view two further operations, both of which are essentially bloodless and dispense with the in- cision of the bags, consisting of certain peculiar manipulations which insure the destruction of the testicular structure, and consequently of its secreting power. They comprehend the process of the crush- ing of the spermatic cord, and that of subcutaneous double twisting—the bistournage of the French. We now enter upon the consideration of each of the separate modes we have thus enumerated. SIMPLE EXCISION. This is claimed to be one of the oldest modes of operating, and though to a great extent discarded by practitioners of the present day, still finds its appli- cation in the treatment of the smaller animals. With larger patients, however, though still strongly recom- mended by some practitioners, it isnot generally em- ployed on account of the profuse hemorrhage which necessarily follows the amputation of the cord. Still ANIMAL CASTRATION, 21 it is conceded that this hemorrhage, as in many cases of the clean, transverse section of arterial blood vessels, will cease spontaneously by the contraction of the vessels on themselves, and the formation of a clot at the divided end, as well as in the surrounding cellular tissue. However, there is a possibility of the continuance of the hemorrhage for some length of time, and the bad effects of excessive depletion are not to be overlooked, especially in an animal whose general constitution has from any cause suffered im- pairment. If there is any one of the various modes of operating in which the standing position is allow- able, this, in our opinion, is the one, the steps of the process being so few and so short, and admitting such simplicity and rapidity. These con- sist in making a free opening in the bag, reaching with a single stroke of the knife into the vaginal cavity ; grasping the testicle and pulling it gently downwards ; and cutting the cord right across, from the front backwards, above the epididymis, the cord returning of itself into the vaginal sac—the division being made, of course, on both sides. The animal is then kept quiet in his stall and left alone until the hemorrhage subsides. SCRAPING. This operation, which is said to have originated in India, is but a modification of the preceding. In- stead, however, of using a sharp edged instrument to divide the cord, the surgeon, on the contrary, em- ploys a dull knife, with which the coats of the artery oP, ANIMAL CASTRATION. and portions of the cord are scraped until the sepa- ration takes place. They are thus placed in good condition for their temporary closure. This method is probably attended with a diminished amount of hemorrhage, and if carefully performed, it may be entirely absent, the clot closing the artery, and the condition of the lacerated threads of the vessel acting favorably, as well, in preventing it. The manipula- tions are similar to those accompanying the simple excision, though it is better and more safely effected when the animal is on his back. The testicles being exposed by the incision through the envelopes, the posterior septum of the cord is cut through by a transverse section, and the scraping of the anterior fasciculus of the cord then performed, by a slow movement from above downwards, along a certain extent, in order to effect a solution of continuity by a sort of wearing through the tissues. This opera- tion is slow and requires a careful hand for its execu- tion. But as 1t may in some cases be followed by severe hemorrhage, it cannot, for that reason, be recommended for large animals, for solipeds espe- cially. TEARING AND TORSION. These two modes of operation may, to a great ex- tent, be considered as identical. Indeed, the mode of torsion may be said to have arisen principally as a modification of that of tearing, which is the older. In tearing, the cord was subjected to a certain amount of torsion by the hand, and then torn apart at a given ANIMAL CASTRATION. 93 point in its length; while in the process of simple tor- sion, as properly performed, we obtain a. division of the cord by twisting it with instruments, which enables the operator to effect the separation at a definitely determined spot. Tearing differs, then, from torsion only in the fact that after giving several twists to the cord in order to gather its fibres into a more compact mass, and to diminish the resistance of the more superficial layers, it is divided in its continuity by a violent traction upon its fibres in the direction of its length. In this process, especially applied to ruminants, the testicle being exposed, the operator secures the cord firmly with the thumb and index finger of one hand, to prevent the traction from taking effect too far upwards when being made by the other hand, after the cord has been twisted a few times on itself. TORSION. In this method of castration the cord is twisted with sufficient force to cause it to break of itself at the point of the greatest violence. Its design is to accomplish the removal of the testicle without drag- ging or excessive traction upon the cord, and thus to avoid the hemorrhage following the torsion of the spermatic artery, as a mode of hemostasis sufficient to prevent the flow of blood attendant upon the rup- ture of the cord. The operation may be performed either above or below the epididymis, or may con- sist simply in the torsion of the artery alone. At first the hands only were called upon to act in the 94 ANIMAL CASTRATION. manipulations, and the operation was from this cause known as /ree torsion, until about fifty years ago, when instruments were introduced into general practice, and gave rise to the plan of limited torsion. FREE TORSION. Free torsion, or that in which the hands alone are employed in the operation, may be performed, as before stated, either above or below the epididymis. Above the Epididymis.—The first is one of the oldest modes of castration known; one which must have been practiced contemporaneously with the use. of clamps, or in the first age of surgery. The first steps of the operation required for the exposure of the testicles are the same as have already been detailed. When this is accomplished the steps of torsion and rupture are then performed in the following manner: The operator, grasping the testicle, carefully draws out the spermatic cord, and with a pointed bistoury makes a transverse: incision, above the tail of the epididymis, through the posterior septum of the cord, involving what we know as the white muscle of Bouley, the efferent canal, and the small testicular artery. He then seizes the anterior fasciculus of the cord between the thumb and index finger of the left hand, squeezing it as tightly as possible, and having with the other hand secured the cord at a short dis- tance below the point where the left hand has already been placed, performs the torsion by a rotatory movement given to the testicle itself, the motion haying for its result the twisting and tearing of the ANIMAL CASTRATION. 95 cord when long enough continued to overcome the tenacity of its fibres. Fifteen or twenty turns of the organ will usually be found sufficient to effect the rupture. A considerable degree of strength in the fingers 1s required in this movement, and for this reason the torsion may take effect further up than may be desired, and beyond the point designed, which may result in an unnecessary amount of irri- tation and injury. When the torsion has gone so far that the rupture of the cord has been effected, the stump is released, and retracts in the inguinal canal to a certain height limited by the presence of the posterior septum, which holds it in place, and to a great extent prevents its return through the superior orifice of the inguinal canal. Below the Epididymis.—This, the fourth step of the operation, consists in the separation of the testicle from the epididymis and the torsion of one upon the other. The testicle being exposed, the operator, taking hold of its appendix, the epididymis, with the left hand, and of the gland with the right, their cellu- lar serous attachment is divided by the thumbs from the posterior to the anterior extremity, from the tail to the head of the twisted efferent canal. If this cannot be done with the hand, the convex bistoury must be called into action. This accomplished, the head of the epididymis is firmly secured with the fingers of the left hand, and the right hand, left free, gives to the testicle the number of rotatory motions - necessary to separate it from its excretory canal— that is, from eight to ten. When the testicle is thus ~ 26 ANIMAL CASTRATION. severed, the stump of the end, with the epididymis, is pushed back into the vaginal sac, where it is con- fined by the application of a suture upon the middle of the edge of the scrotal wound. LIMITED TORSION. Limited Torsion Above the Epididymis.—As we have seen, this is the operation by which the division of the spermatic cord is effected by torsion made upon a given point in its length, and limited by the use of special instruments. We have already called attention to the ditbeulty Fig. 3. FIXING FORCEPS FOR TORSION, A.—Renault and Delafond pattern. B.—Perier. C,—Reynal, ANIMAL CASTRATION, 27 of the operation of free torsion, which requires a great deal of strength, and which, besides, may be accompanied by a serious inflammatory condition of the parts, through rough manipulations of the cord. It is for this reason that this mode of procedure must have been reserved for small animals, as, if performed upon the larger kinds, it can only be by men whose muscular force is sufficient to enable them to overcome and bring into subjection the strugeling subjects of their operations. It was in 1883 that two French veterinarians, Renault and Delafond, of the Alfort school, intro- duced the use of instruments in the operation, as an improvement upon the manual methods and their effects on the sequele, though it is said to have been Fig. 4. MOVING FORCEPS FOR CASTRATION BY TORSION. Renault and Delafond pattern, Reynal pattern, 98 ANIMAL CASTRATION. already practiced in Germany as far back as the fast century. The instruments employed are two forceps of peculiar construction, and which were more or less modified, one of which (fixing forceps, Fig. 3,) is to be applied upon a fixed point of the cord, where it is suffered to remain, and the other (moving forceps, Fig. 4,) is employed to accomplish the rotation of the testicle and the lower end of the cord. Those of Renault and Delafond or of Reynal are now in gen- eral use. Those of Beaufils (Fig. 5) are, we believe, too complicated for general use. Modus Operandi.In the first step of the opera- tion, the ordinary manipulations of the division of the envelopes, the opening of the sac and exposure of the testicle being accomplished, and the envelopes being carefully pushed upwards, the torsion and ex- cision of the cord are effected in the following man- ner: The entire cord isembraced by the fixing forceps (see Fig. 6), or only its anterior fasciculus if the poste- rior septum has been cut, as in the process by free torsion above the epididymis. An assistant, seizing it from before backwards between its open branches and strongly closing them, holds it firmly, without pulling upon the cord. The operator then grasps the cord with the moving forceps above the testicle, and a little below the point held by the assistant, leaving a small space between the instruments, and closing his own tightly, begins the movement of tor- sion, which he directs from left to right. For this he sometimes requires both hands, one oi them xeep- ing the instrument in place, while the other continues. ~~: ‘ 2 va — Win ge Ah, € i Fic. 5. € COMBINED FORCEPS OF M. BEAUFILS. Hh Hii tl ————} | cll il 30 - ANIMAL CASTRATION. the rotation as described. Ten or fifteen turns of the forceps are usually suflicient to complete the rupture *"NOISUOL GALINIT JO NOILVUEdS "9 ‘OLA of the cord, the artery, owing to its facility of elonga- tion, being the last part to give way. The testicle = ANIMAL CASTRATION. 31 then separates, being held in the branches of the moving forceps ; the fixing forceps are removed, and the cord is drawn upwards into the vaginal sac. It is important in this operation to caution the assist- ant against drawing on the cord during the struggles of the animal, consequent upon the pain caused by the first application of the instruments, and the pressure upon the parts when held between their inflexible iron jaws ; but on the contrary, to maintain it as closely as possible against the inguinal region. This process of castration is one of the most rapid of all the forms of operating. The only hemorrhage likely to occur is merely that of the small testicular artery, if it should happen to be divided when the torsion is confined to the front portion of the cord. Below the Epididymis.—This process differs from the preceding only in the fact that instead of holding the cord between the fingers, it is held by the fixed forceps, the use of the moving instrument being ren- dered unnecessary by the slightness of the adhesion of the seminal gland to its appendix. LINEAR CRUSHING. The originator of the use of that peculiar instru- ment, the ecraseur (Fig. 7), so valuable an adjunct in the operation of castration, is Mr. H. Bouley, who brought it into use at a date as early as the year 1857. Itis not, therefore, an American inven- tion, as has sometimes been claimed. The function of this instrument is to effect the division of living parts without hemorrhage. The original ecraseur 32 ANIMAL CASTRATION. of Chassaignac has received many modifications, all of which, however, operate upon the same principle. = = = SS. i~ = ~ > ~I > S = = >) == BSE _~ = ~ = ~ ~ i= = = WME LNULE Sm 1 {ut ti OO OUU UNAM UNG bpm mi — 4 Le Lecunhuat cel aaa dmmduiel asl mala orvieabancha st eel } } ee ee ee ee or ee oe Ge ere | 1] >. es bee, i VARIOUS KINDS OF ECRASEURS. While those represented in Fig. 7 are used by a greater number of veterinarians, there are others which count many advocates and have given them ANIMAL CASTRATION. so great satisfaction, such as those represented in Fig.7a. The essential design of all is to produce a general constriction of the blood vessels, by which their in- ternal and middle coats being first divided, may con- tract within the cavity of the vessel in such a manner as to close their cavity and form a sort of stopper to Fie. Ta. the artery, while the external cellular covering, the last to undergo division, is so stretched, under the action of the instrument, and so closely adapts itself by its ends, that insufflation through the free ends of the vessels fails to remove the closing arrange- ment of the two coats first divided. Modus Operandi.—The operation is comparatively 34 ANIMAL CASTRATION. a very simple one. The testicle being exposed, as in all the other methods, the chain of the instrument is so placed around the cord that the pressure takes place upon the greater mass of tissue, in order that it may continue the longer; which being done, the lever of the instrument is brought into action, and the constriction caused by the chain slowly kept up until the definite division of the tissue is accom- plished. The essential condition of success in the operation, having in view the desired hemostatic effect, is to act slowly. According to Prof. Bouley, an interval of several seconds should be suffered to elapse after each rotation of the wheel which moves the chain. If the tissues are divided too rapidly, the section of the artery is apt to be too clean, and a hemorrhage is likely to be the result. This objec- tion, however, though made by one of the highest authorities in veterinary surgery, does not seem to be justified by the results obtained by American opera- tors, most of whom both recommend and practice its execution as rapidly as possible; and according to their own statements a serious hemorrhage is seldom encountered. The fact that it has been observed in any case, however, confirms the wisdom of the recom- mendation of Prof. Bouley, and as most of our Ameri- can confréres prefer the operation with the animal in the standing posture, the reason of their neglect of the prudent and more truly surgical process can be readily appreciated. To avoid the hemorrhage Dr. House invented a clamp which he applied upon the cord previous to the amputation with the écraseur ANIMAL CASTRATION. 5) (Fig. 8). This mode of castration has not been ver; extensively practiced by European practitioners u: to late years. But since the visit that Dr. House made in Europe, when he was called in many in- stances to exhibit his modus operandi, it seems to have been accepted in the general practice of quite a number of veterinarians. However, the essential F’O.REYNDERS & CO. | HOUSE CLAMPS. necessity of safety which so protracts its performance will probably prevent its admission by the majority of practitioners. FIRING. This mode of castration consists in the application to the cut end of the testicular cord—previously 30 ANIMAL CASTRATION. divided with the bistoury, or by the cautery— as a means of hemostasis, of an iron heated toa Fig. 9. ease ee Nie it! i 4 H - } Wil HANH} 00-SY FINITE DOUBLE FORCEPS FOR CASTRATIGCN BY FIRING. white heat—the actual cautery. This is claimed to_ be one of the oldest modes of operating, Vegetius - [— ANIMAL CASTRATION, 37 and Absyrtus describing it as a common process of castration. It is much in favor in England, and in some parts of Germany, though less practiced in some other parts of Europe. The instruments es- sentially needed for the operation 07 castration by firing are two; the first, a peeuuar forceps for hold- ing the cord and securing it while the application of the cautery is being made; and the second, the iron or cautery itself. ‘These forceps, or nippers, are either single or double {Fig. 9), and may be made either of wood or of iron, and more or less modified in form, according to the fancies of the different operators. But they all werk on the same principle, and effect the same object. With the single forceps but one cord can ke treated at a time, but with the double instrument beth cords may be secured at once, and may be divided and cauterized at one step. In this way the possibility of disturbing the eschar caused by the cauterization of one cord while manipulating the second, is quite obviated. When the testicles, either or both, have been ex- posed, the mass of the cord is fixed between the jaws of the forceps, from before backwards, at about one inch above the tail of the epididymis, and firmly se- cured. This may be effected either by tying it tightly with a string wound about the handles, or by means of a spring crank with which some instru- ments are furnished. The testicle is then amputated, either by a stroke of the bistoury, or with the sharp edge of the cautery carried across and at a right 38 ANIMAL CASTRATION, angle with the direction of the cord. This done, the operator applies the broad portion of the iron over the entire surface of the stump of the spermatic cord, and cauterizes (or sears) the part thoroughly. It must be remembered that to insure the safety of the cauterization, the iron must be very hot. Otherwisa when it is removed, if it has cooled off, it may ad- here to the carbonized surface, and the scab formed at the end of the blood vessel may accompany the instrument. The application of pulverized rosin tu the end of the cord, previous to the cauterization, i recommended by some practitioners. A very proper precaution, and one on no @ccouns to be omitted, is the protection of the surrounding parts from the radiating heat by covering them with wet cloths. When the operation is completed, the forceps should be opened with great care, in order to ascer- tain whether all hemorrhage has ceased, and the cord may be allowed to retract. Jf any oozing o/ blood appears at the point of the operation, the can- terization must be repeated at the point indzated. A free application of cold water, in the form of a douche, after the operation, will contribute t: tLe formation of a clot in the cauterized artery. CHAPTER IIL METHODS OF THE SECOND CLASS— CLAMPS—COVERED AND UNCOVERED OPERATION—-INSTRUMENTS—FOUR VARIOUS STEPS—OBJECTION TO THIS METHOD—TIME TO REMOVE THE CLAMPS—LIGATURE—OF THE CORD AND ITS ENVELOPES—OF THE CORD ONLY—OF THE SPERMATIC ARTERY—OF THE EFFERENT CANAL— SUBCUTANEOUS OPERATION. Having completed the consideration of the various methods included in the first class, we propose next to examine those entering into the second, which embrace those in which certain means of pressure are applied and suffered to remain upon the cord _ previous to the amputation of the testicle. These are two in number, and consist of the process known as that of the clamps, and that which involves the use of the ligature. THE METHOD BY THE CLAMPS. This is an ancient mode of operating, having been transmitted to us through many ages. It has re- ceived the sanction of long practice, and, if not (39) seca MOTT 40 ANIMAL CASTRATION. absolutely superior to all others, is possessed of qualities and adventages which all who have em- ployed it will freely acknowledge. It is performed in two ways. One is the process of the covered, the other of the uncovered testicle. The covered operation is that in which only a portion of the testicular envelopes are divided, the scrotum and the dartos, the gland being left covered with the other envelopes. On the other hand, in the uncovered operation, all the enveloping membranes are divided, and the testicle is made to protrude outside of the yagipal sac. The first three steps of this mode of operating are understood to have been pericrmed in the methods which we have already considered as generally preliminary in all cases, in order to obtain access to the cord. The instruments necessary to operate in this case are a very sharp convex bistoury, a pair of clamps, some strong twine, a castrating forceps and a pair of scissors. The clamps are wooden or metallic pincers, formed to embrace the cord and to be applied firmly upon it, in order to hold it securely, and to confine the artery tightly enough to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhage. The form most ordinarily used, and probably most convenient, is made of wood, and con- sists of twosemi-cylindrical pieces (Fig. 10) joined at one end and resting together by a flat and sometimes grooved surface, and measuring about six inches in length. The material is a light but strong wood. They are rounded at the extremities, in order to avoid chafing the soft tissues. A groove at each end is de- ANIMAL CASTRATION, 4] signed to receive the twine, which is part of the ap- pliance. Before being used they are tightly tied together at one end, in such a manner that they Fic. 10, ORDINARY CLAMP. INTERNAL FACE OF CLAMPS, spring open if closed. This point is one of the first importance. It requires considerable exercise of strength to place them tightly enough on the cord they are to hold, but this firm juxtaposition, so ob- tained, facilitates their removal, when that is required. The groove which they carry on their flat surface is sometimes filled with some merely lubricating greasy substance, usually simple ointment, fresh lard, butter, or cream, though some veterinarians use a caustic paste. This last mode of proceeding is strongly opposed by some authorities, as likely to induce unnecessary inflammatory action, through 42 ANIMAL CASTRATION. the formation of a scab, which may require for its removal a process of sloughing, which may in some cases give rise to serious complications. As I have stated, the clamps are not always made of wood, and very many alterations and improvements, so called, Piet: VARIOUS SHAPES OF CLAMPS, Screwed Clamp. Spring Clamp of Brandt. Hinge Clamp. have been from time to time broughtforward. In Fig. 11 a few of these clamps are presented. The oldest form is the simplest, and possesses the further ad- ANIMAL CASTRATION. 43 vantage of being always easy to be obtained, while the more complicated \ = \\ _ a | ‘I a \ : CASTRATION OF COWS. (Charlier’s process), Incision of the vagina, a Fig. 38. Ta Ist step. Incision of the vagina. ANIMAL CASTRATION. 143 side, and ata short distance from the incision, be- tween the base of the uterine horns, near and inside of the free border of the ligaments, and a little above the anterior border of the pubis. Then, grasping the ovarian body, he draws it carefully into the vagina, through the incision, and introduces the long scissors, with the guarded blade of which he divides the thick border of the broad ligament (Fig. 39), re- placing the ovaries into the abdomen without releas- ing his hold. The torsion forceps is then passed into the vagina and through the incision, and is made to take hold with its open jaws of the broad ligament (Fig. 40), above the ovary, and is firmly closed by the movement of the spiral crank of the handle (D). Both hands being now outside of the vaginal cavity, and the forceps being secured on the broad ligament, held by the right hand, the left thumb is protected by the thimble (E), and the hand once more inserted, to grasp the broad ligament above the point where the jaws of the torsion forceps are placed. In this position the torsion is made with the forceps, the twisting of the ligament being limited by the firm pressure made by the thimble on the thumb with the index finger, or by a pair of crushing pincers. After several turns of the instru- ment, the ovary is separated from its attachment, and may be brought out of the cavity, still held se- curely between the oval jaws of the torsion forceps. The same method is applicable to the ovaries of both sides. These rules are subject to more or less modification by indications which may oceasionally Fie 39 HE BROAD LIGAMENTS, NG T iSSORS DIVIDI r a sc (144) ay! MATHIEL Fic. 40.—ToRSION oF THE OVARY. A B—Forceps closed, BC—Forceps open, E—Thimble. 146 ANIMAL CASTRATION. present themselves, arising from the age of the animal or the structure or other conditions of the ovaries. This method of castration has been modified in many ways, both as to the forms of the instruments used, and the mode of using them, a majority of operators, at the present time even, discarding the dilator, and making the incision simply by stretch- ing the walls of the vagina and pushing against the neck of the uterus with the hand. The manner in which the removal of the ovaries is effected has also been subjected to many changes. For more than twenty years, during which we have been perform- ing the operation, we have been accustomed to use the ecraseur in the last step, and with excellent and satisfactory results. The subsequent attention required by the spayed cow is usually a very simple matter, and involves little beyond careful dieting, the patient recovering from the general effects upon the system usually in a few days. | COMPLICATIONS. Tt may properly be said that there are no compli- cations hkely to follow the process in the castration of cows, which may be denominated serious. Inthe statistics which record the mortality attending it the fatal cases are represented at the very trifling rate of two per cent. A light colic may sometimes follow it, but it usually subsides without medical treatment. Still, however, spaying may at times be accompanied by-accidents of a serious character, ANIMAL CASTRATION. 147 though these have considerably diminished in fre- quency since the introduction of the method of Charlier. One of these is HEMORRHAGE, which may occur when the torsion or the crushing of the artery has not been sufficiently complete. But though it is likely to give rise to peritonitis, it 1s not necessarily a fatal complication. We have ourselves known of cases of its occurrence in mares which had survived it a number of days, and when destroy- ed exhibited none of the lesions of that affection. PERITONITIS. We have several times met with this sequel to the operation, especially in mares. But in these cases, as revealed by post mortem investigation, the disease seemed generally to have remained localized. Less common than prior to the practice of castration per vagina, it still is followed by fatal consequences when the entire peritoneum becomes diseased. Its appearance usually occurs from the third to the sixth day. There is suspension of the milky secre- tion, general dullness, chills, anorexia, suspension of rumination, rapid, small and thready pulse, some- times painful respiration, rapid loss of flesh, and speedily—death. The indications of treatment are similar to those which are applicable to peritonitis in the solipeds, but the prognosis 1s always serious. ABSCESS IN THE PELVIC CAVITY. This is a complication we have quite often en- countered. Besides the general symptoms, there ANIMAL CASTRATION. 148 are those of a local character, which are detected by rectal examination, by which discovery is made of the presence of a tumor on one side or the other of the vagina, varying in size, fluctuating, and easily identified. This abscess may be opened in the cavity of the vagina, and should be attended to as soon as discovery is made of the fluctuating charac- ter of the growth, without waiting for the process of natural resolution. SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA. Emphysema of the subcutaneous connective tissue is said to be a common sequel to the flank operation. Its appearance need not excite any special uneasi- ness, as its termination is usually by spontaneous disappearance. It is an accident we have never en- countered in our practice. CONSTIPATION. This complication, which is often met with in mares, is to be carefully looked for, and must be relieved by laxative food and rectal injections. It is due to the pain which accompanies defecation while the wound of the vagina is healing, and which the animal tries to avoid by keeping the rectum full. CASTRATION OF THE SMALL ANIMALS. SMALL RUMINANTS. For these subjects, two modes of operation are to be principally recommended. The first is the double subcutaneous torsion; the other the liga- FIG, 41, ha N \ . | A : yf WNW w.58 GENITAL ORGANS OF A YOUNG SOW. Aas ne 8 p28 ae vee Eg eae ost ae eae os nD qwvwo S.A S23 0) cb) an ow se ‘<2 | oa Ba Oe ass She ey ke) fel See ~~ a | i So | ~ dd i o afc so Py oo 8 asf Saee| D © éze horns of the uterus. (149) © 150 ANIMAL CASTRATION. ture en masse of the cord and its envelopes. Hayv- ing already considered these operations, a passing reference will suffice here. FOR SWINE. In sows, it must be remembered that the horns of the uterus are very long and flexuous (Fig. 41), and that the very small ovaries are situated on the inside of the broad ligaments, which are very large, and allow the horns to float freely amongst the cir- cumvolutions of the intestines. Ordinarily it is when the animal is about two months old that she is spayed, although sometimes it is later. She must be prepared by a full diet of 24 hours. Fic. 42. BISTOURY FOR THE CASTRATION OF SOW. (Division of the flank). The operation can be performed through the flank, but more commonly by the median line. By the Flank.—The animal must be prepared by being secured upon the right side in order to ex- pose the left flank. The incision is made with a knife of peculiar form (Fig. 42), the coarse bristies having been previously closely clipped off. Care ANIMAL CASTRATION. 151 should be taken to carry the left leg in extension’ backwards, in such a manner that the edges of the various tissues divided shail not meet each other when the operation is completed. The incision may be made either vertically, horizontally, or obliquely. When vertical, it should be immediately below the lumbar vertebra next to the last rib; if horizontal, it should be parallel with the vertebral column. The vertical incision should be preferred, because it brings the ovaries within easy reach of the fingers. It should be from two to three inches in length, and should be made by a single stroke of the knife, and without dividing the peritoneum, which should, after- wards, be either torn with the finger or carefully cut while raised with the forceps. To find the ovaries the operator introduces the index finger of the right hand between the vertebral column and the intes- tines, and explores the lumbar region. Upon finding the ovarian sac, he presses it against the abdominal wall and causes it to slide by pushing towards the opening through which it is extruded and grasped. While it is held there the left horn is carefully drawn out after it, until arriving at the bifurcation of the horns at the uterus, the right horn also is brought out and the ovary on that side secured. Both glands being now outside, they are torn or scraped off from their attachment, and the horns are returned to the abdomen. While this process is readily applicable to young sows, and requires a certain amount of practice to be performed expertly and with success, it is slightly 152 ANIMAL CASTRATION. modified when applied to older animals. In that case the two horns must not be exposed outside to- gether, but each must be returned when the removal of the ovary connected with it has been effected. The simple tearing of the ovaries is not always sufficient,and may be sometimes followed by serious hemorrhage. The scraping and the torsion are safer, and in some instances the ligature has been applied. The incision is closed with the interrupted or, which is preferable, the continued suture. No special after- treatment is required beyond low diet for a few days, with a little extra attention to cleanliness. The operation may at times be rendered difficult by exceptional and accidental conditions, as, for ex- ample, the shortness of the fingers of the operator. This difficulty, however, can be overcome by placing a bundle of straw or other substance under the right flank, which, by raising the body, displaces the in- testines upwards and crowds the ovary towards the left flank. It may also happen, as sometimes with old sows, that the ovary has become the seat of large cysts, or that its size is increased in consequence of patho- logical changes in its structure. In the first case, the cyst may be punctured and emptied with a trocar before attempting the obliteration of the organ. In the second, the opening into the abdomen must be enlarged sufficiently to permit the exit of the extra bulk. If through inadvertence the operation has been begun while the animal is in a state of pregnancy, Fig. 48. SS =— ——— \ = ——— GENITAL ORGANS OF THE BITCH. ligaments. 5—Horn of the uterus. 6—Its body. 7—Rectum. 8—Vagina. 9—Kidney. 10—Bladder. 11—Descending colon. (153) 154 ANIMAL CASTRATION. the proceeding must be discontinued, the patient kept quiet and the matter indefinitely postponed. By the Median Line.—The animal is kept on its _ back, with the hind quarters raised. The region being prepared, the skin is incised and then the muscular aponeurotic coat underneath in the space inclosed between the three back pairs of teats, the peritoneum is perforated with the fingers. Introduc- ing the index finger in the abdomen, it readily feels the horns and the ovaries, which are pulled out- wards and removed. The wound is closed by strong suture. For Prof. Cadiot the flank operation is the best, but we certainly advocate that by the method of laparotomy, and for more complete details refer our readers to the same operation in bitches (see p. 155.) DOGS. In the female, when, as is sometimes supposed, it becomes a preventive measure in respect to hydro- phobia—though if it be so, it can only be from the fact that a castrated bitch will usually remain at home while others are running abroad in heat, and thus be more exposed to contagion—the operation ig only justifiable in the case of house dogs, domestic pets, in order to obviate the annoyance caused to their owners by their demonstrations while in heat. In the bitch the broad ligaments are very long (Fig. 43), extending as far as the hypochondriac region, where they divide into an external layer, which reaches to the last rib, while the other extends to ANIMAL CASTRATION. 155 the sub-lumbar region behind the diaphragm. The broad ligaments diminish in height as they run for- ward in such a way that the anterior border of the external layer where the ovary is found, shorter in its median part, gives a certain amount of fixity to the anterior extremity of the horns which it keeps. elevated in each hypochondriac region; on that ac- count both horns cannot be at one time brought through the incision, and it becomes generally neces- sary in the bitch to operate on each side. As in sows, the operation can be done by the flank or through the linea alba. Prof. Cadiot prefers the first, although it requires two incisions. Prepared by a full diet of 24 hours, the animal is secured in lateral position on a table. Anesthesia is not neces- sary. The skin of the flank is shaved and disinfected, a cutaneous incision is made near the last rib, the muscles perforated with the fingers and the abdom- inal cavity entered. Introducing the index finger into it, feeling for the kidney, the ovary is found back of it, drawn outside and removed by torsion or exci- sion after ligature. The cutaneous wound is closed by suture. The operation by laparotomy is certainly to be preferred. Dr. P. B. Rogers, of Newbury, N. J., describes it as follows : OOPHORECTOMY OF THE BITCH. Selection of Time for the Operation.—The best time is as soon as possible after the animal is five or six GENITAL ORGAN OF THE ROOSTER. 1.-—Testicle. 2a 2d.—Deferent canals. %3.—Ureters. 4.—Cloacum., 5,— Posterior aorta. 7.—Posterior vena cava. 8, 9, 10,—Three last ribs. 11,-- Pelvic bones, Me ANIMAL CASTRATION. 157 months old, and before the first period of heat; the uterus is then sufficiently developed to allow the skilled finger to recognize it, and the uterine appen- dages are free from fat. Selection of Subject.— The operation should be avoided when the bitch isin heat and when the mam- mary glands are active; decided obesity also may render the operation difficult and the results un- promising. Preparation for the Operation.—Solid food is to be withheld for 24 to 36 hours prior to operating. Ancesthesia.—The writer does not use or recom- mend the use of general anesthesia. If it is insisted on, the operator must in his turn insist on the employment of a confrere to attend to the exhibition of the anesthetic. Ether is to be preferred and if given very slowly and with discre- tion will be much less liable to cause after intoxica- tion and vomiting than if the drug is pushed. It should be suspended as soon as the ligated uterus is returned to the peritoneal cavity. as the effect will persist long enough to allow closure of the wound. Means of Restraint.—The nose is enclosed in a loop of stout twine and the ends tied behind the ears. The front legs are tied together at the middle of the arm. One assistant controls the fore extremities and head, another the hind legs, the animal being placed in a position of dorsal decubitus. Instruments required. Scissors (curved), a bistoury, a nicking-knife, a uterine sound, curved needles, silver wire (about 28) and silk thread. 158 ANIMAL GASTRATION. Preparation of the Seat of Incision. —Wash with soap and carbolized water, and shave a sufficient sur- rounding area to avoid hair getting into the incision or becoming entangled in the ligature. Seat of the Operation Midway between the last pair of teats. This seat is preferred because the recti at this point are thick and offer a decided mechanical obstacle to the occurrence of hernia after the operation, although the ovaries are more readily reached by making the incision an inch or so farther forward. The Operation.— With the bistoury make an incision through the skin, on the median line; it should be about 14 inches in length, just sufficient to admit one finger freely. Then with the nicking-knife held in the “ pen” position cut boldly through (between) the recti and peritoneum at one sweep of the knife ; when the peritoneum is incised, as shown by the resistance to the pressure of the knife ceasing, turn the heel of the knife down and complete the mus- cular incision, being careful that it is the same length as the incision in the skin. Pass the uterine sound, keeping it on the superior wall of the vagina (the skilled operator soon learns to do without the sound). Pass one finger into the wound and feel for the sound, bring out the uterus, and, holding one horn taut, pass the finger along it until the ovary is felt suspended in the broad ligament. Break down gently the adhesions of this last to the sub-lumbar region and bring out the ovary and its appendages. Repeat the process on the other horn. Ligate both ie ANIMAL CASTRATION. 159 horns together about midway between the ovary and the body of the uterus, and remove the ligated por- tion, being careful to leave sufficient stump to prevent the ligature slipping. Wash off the parts with ster- ilized water and return them to the abdominal cavity. Pass a silver suture midway of the incision, being careful to include the peritoneum on both sides and taking a good hold of the muscle. Keep the finger beneath the wire until the stitch is completed to avoid including any of the abdominal contents in the ligature. On each side of this suture, equidistant from it and the anterior and posterior extremities of the incision, pass wire sutures into the muscle but not going through it, including of course the skin. If more sutures are thought necessary, they should be sutures of co-aptation, and include the skin only. Wash off any remaining blood and dust the parts with a dry antiseptic. After Treatment.—Remove the sutures on the fifth day after the operation, and keep the patient on a diet of milk and water until the sutures are removed. Mortality.—The death rate should not be more than 1 per cent. Fatal results are usually due to periton- itis or to intestinal obstruction through the character of the early adhesions formed. It now remains to consider the rationale of the above procedure, which it will be observed is directed toward a minimum of disturbance of the parts in- volved, The horns are ligated together so as to have one 160 ANIMAL CASTRATION. raw surface to form adhesions instead of two. The short incision, because we know that the fatality in operations involving the peritoneal cavity is in ratio with the length of the incision. The sound is recom- mended to avoid undue handling of the abdominal contents in the effort to locate the uterus. Lastly, silver wire is preferred as a suture, because “stitch abscess”? is absent when it is used while silk often makes a veritable capillary drainage from the ab- dominal cavity and thus allows microbic injection from without. The ligature of the horns may be either encysted or absorbed (we have seen both conditions in bitches re-operated on for professional friends). Blood lett in the abdomen will be promptly absorbed if the wound is well closed. There are twolate complications of canine oophor- ectomy which merit a passing notice. One is a gradually increasing intestinal obstruction due to the ligated horns forming an intestinal adhesion which grows more and more acutely angular as the uterus pulls on the gut as it (the uterus) becomes atrophied. The remedy is abdominal incision and breaking up of the adhesions (we have operated on such cases successfully). The other is interesting from a physiological stand- point. Occasionally a properly spayed bitch will suffer at intervals from vaginal hemorrhage ; some- times it isa mere stain, sometimes blood discharged in clots points to rupture of the vessels of the vaginal mucosa, Itisnot attended by heat and appears to be ANIMAL CASTRATION 161 an effort of nature to return in some degree to sexual life. CATS. In female cats, the operation is performed similar to that of spaying sows. As cats are more apt to bite or claw the wounds than dogs, the parts should be protected by bandage until the wounds have healed. CASTRATION OF FOWLS. The effect of this operation upon the quality of the flesh and the power of accumulating fat, in the domestic fowl is a fact too familiar to those who have learned to appreciate the exquisite juicy qualtity of the meat of the capon to need any comment at our hands. The operation upon these animals is one of considerable difficulty and requires skill and experi- ence to perform with nicety and success. In birds the testicles are situated in the abdomi- nal cavity, immediately behind the lungs, under the vertebral column and in front of the kidneys (Fig. 44). They correspond exactly to the articulation of the last three ribs with the spinal column, where they lie close together and in contact with the blood vessels which separate them from the kidneys. They are held in position by the peritoneum spread above them, and by minute blood vessels, branches of the aorta or of the vena cava. In the operation the fowl is placed on his side, the tail being towards the operator, with the hind 162 ANIMAL CASTRATION. leg carried backwards, in order to expose the flank of the side selected for the incision. The first step of the operation consists in plucking the feathers from a sufficient extent of surface, and making an incision a little behind the lateral internal processes of the sternum, from within outwards, and from before backwards, and slightly oblique, through the skin and the thin muscles of the abdomen, and when reaching the peritoneum carefully opening it with a puncture, having it raised with a pair of forceps. The second step, or that which involves the extirpa- tion of the gland,is performed by the introduction of the index finger of the right hand into the abdo- men, passing it above the intestinal mass and turn- ing towards the dorsal region near the articulation of the last two ribs, where the testicles are felt, prominent at the sub-lumbar region. Then, with the fingers half flexed, the adhesions of the organ are broken off, and the organ, held in the bend of the finger, is brought outside. The second testicle is removed by the same process. If the testicles should slip from the grasp of the finger, the accident is of little account, as they will graft themselves upon the walls of the abdomen, and in time disappear by resolution. The operation is concluded by the closing of the wound by stitches of interrupted suture, and the healing usually takes place by first intention. The operation is performed in the hen in the same manner as with the male bird, the ovaries being found in the lumbar region, from which they are re- ANIMAL CASTRATION. 163 moved by the same manipulations that are employed in caponizing. Young fowls, about in their third month, are usually selected as the victims of this epicurean barbarity. Prof. J. E. Ryder, of the American Veterinary College, kindly contributes his method of operation as follows: Instruments. — Straight or convex bistoury, spread- er forceps, extracting for- eegetetes ceps, two cotton cords ‘ @)) (three feet long and a Be Se quarter of an inch in dia- | meter) arranged with a 4 running loop at one end and a pound or pound and a half weight attached to the other, depending on the size of the cockerel. The operating table should be the usual height and about 18 inches wide; or a barrel upside down ans- wers the same purpose. Age to operate in order to obtain the best results— viz., reduced mortality, increased size, a greater development of hackles around the neck and an arrest of comb development—as soon as the sex can be dis tinguished. Before operating, diet the chicks; 2 light diet for Fia. 45. CAPONIZING INSTRUMENTS, 164 ANIMAL CASTRATION. the first twelve and nothing during the last twelve hours—twenty-four hours all told. After Treatment.—Soft and easily digested food for three or four days. Operation. — Place the chick on the operating table, laying him upon his right side; pass the run- ning loop of one cord around both legs and allow the weight to hang down over the side of the table; pass the running loop of the second cord around both wings close to the body, allowing the weight to hang over the opposite side of the table. The chick is now held motionless and the operating region ex- posed. With the left hand push forward the long feathers of the breast, and with the right hand pluck the few feathers covering the last two ribs. Still holding the feathers with the left hand, make an incision between the last two ribs, from the verte- bra downwards toward the sternal cartilage; make this incision about one and one-half inches long, and, if necessary, cut through the sternal cartilage. Introduce the spreading forceps between the ribs, and spread them apart sufficiently to allow the in- troduction of the extracting forceps. Carefully cut through the peritoneum, and the testicles are exposed one on each side of the vertebra just anterior to the kidneys. Introduce the extracting forceps and grasp the lower testicle and remove it, cutting the cord as high as possible, after which remove the upper testicle in the same way (I select the lower testicle first, for if ANIMAL CASTRATION. 165 you operate on the upper first the hemorrhage will hide the lower one.) Remove spreaders, the ribs contract together, which closes the wound, no sutures required. The only complication I have met is hemorrhage which usually is of no consequence. Mortality about one per cent. A good operator can do from 25 to 35 an hour. The great difficulty in caponizing, even with those who are proficient in the operation, is the develop- ment of “slips,” which is caused by crushing the testicle and not removing it clean, allowing the cord, a part of the testicular envelopes and in some cases a small amount of the glandular tissue to remain; this constitutes a “slip.” A “slip” will grow a comb as large as an ordinary bird, will not develope the characteristic hackles around the neck and will copulate as readily and frequently as any other, and frequently are capable of reproduction, and their flesh does not have the characteristic flavor of the capon. To obviate this I have had my extracting forceps made with a scissors-edge in front as marked in the above cut; these divide the cord cleanly and do not tear or rupture the envelopes as the other forceps will; there is no more danger of a fatal hemorrhage and the proportion of “slips” is reduced to a mini- mum. ty WILLIAM R. JENKINS’ VETERINARY BOOKS 1902 (*) Single asterisk designates New Books. (**) Double asterisk designates Recent Publications. ANDERSON. ‘Vice in the Horse” and other papers on Horses and Riding. By H. L, Anderson. Demy, OMOrnClOUN aera tats crete USS Minter ne tins Pat ent Cle gh oe Na 2 00 — “]Iow to Ride and School a Horse.” With a System of Horse Gymnastics. By Edward lL. Anderson. CHS N10 Ra ER ES ERR Oceie ri ce Phare e IO jason 1 00 ARMSTEAD. ‘The Artistic Anatomy of the Horse.” A brief description of the various Anatomical Struc- tures which may be distinguished during Life through the Skin, By Hugh W. Armstead, M.D., F.R.C.S. With illustrations from drawings by the author. Clothsoblonmg SUIE x LON aie tho rae, eet aes oie 3 75 BACH. “How to Judge a Horse.” A concise treatise as to its Qualities and Soundness; Including Bits and Bitting, Saddles and Saddling, Stable Drainage, Driv- ing One Horse, a Pair, Four-in-hand, or Tandem, etc. By Captain F.W. Bach. 12mo, cloth, fully illustrated, $1 00; paper.......--- sess e ee ee eee eee ira teetape 50 9 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins (*‘)BANHAM, ** Anatomical and Physiological Model of the Horse.’? Half life size. Composed of super- posed plates, colored to nature, showing internal organs, muscles, skeleton, etc., mounted on strong boards, with explanatory text. By George A. Banham, F.R.C.V.S. Size of Model 38x41 in...10 00 — “Tables of Veterinary Posology and Therapeutics,” with weights, measures, etc. By George A. Banham, FR.C.V.S.. 12mo; ‘cloths: fone. 6 ae eee 1 00 BAUCHER. ‘‘Method of Horsemanship.” Including the Breaking and Training of Horses............ 1 00 (*)BELL. ‘‘The Veterinarian’s Call Book (Perpetual).” By Roscoe R. Bell, D.V.S., editor of the American . Veterinary Review. Revised for 1902, A visiting list, that can be commenced at any time and used until full, containing much useful informa- tion for the student and the busy practitioner. Among contents are items concerning: Veterinary Drugs; Poisons; Solubility of Drugs; Composition of Milk, Bile, Blood, Gastric Juice, Urine, Saliva; Respi- ration; Dentition; Temperature, ete., ete. Bound in flexible leather, with flap and pocket ........... 1 25 (*)\BRADLEY. ‘Outlines of Veterinary Anatomy.” By O. Charnock Bradley, Member of the Royal Col- lege of Veterinary Surgeons; Professor of Anatomy in the New Veterinary College, Edinburgh. The author presents the most important facts of veterinary anatomy inas condensed aformas possible, — consistent with lucidity. 12mo. Complete in three parts. Part 1. :° The Limbs (cloth) ;.. /... 2) 242s eeeeee 1 25 - Parr Tis: “The Trunk (paper) <<. -- ese in Ses 1 25 PaRT III,: The Head and Neck (paper).......... 1 25 Toe SET COMPEETE <<. occ cekss en 2 eee 3 50 851-853 Sixth Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 3 CADIOT. ‘*Roaring in Horses.”? Its Pathology and Treatment. This work represents the latest develop- ment in operative methods for the alleviation of roaring. Each step is most clearly defined by excellent full-page illustrations. By P. J. Cadiot, Professor at the Veterinary School, Alfort. Trans, Thos, J. Watt Dollar, M.R.C.V.S., ete. Cloth..... 75 — “Exercises in Equine Surgery.” By P. J. Cadiot. Translated by Prof. A. W. Bitting, M.D.,V.S.; edited by Prof. A. Liautard, M.D.V.S. 8vo, cloth, illus- Pchs CUE ses reraton Groeten Sita enter aise keane: aaa Foe ae an (*)—** A Treatise on Veterinany Therapeutics of the Domestic Animals.” By P.J. Cadiot and J. Alvary. Translated by Prof. A. Liautard, M,D.,V.S. 2 Parts ready. Part I, Vol. I, 8vo, 93 pages, 45 illustrations...... 1 00 Part EC Vol.. Tc 8von96r paces. 24 hae a kon 1 00 (Part ITT, in preparation, to be ready March, 1902. (*)—** Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.”? By P. J. Cadiot. Translated, edited, and supplemented with 49 new articles and 3¢ illustrations by Jno. A. W. Dollar, M.R.C.V.S. Royal 8vo, 619 pages, 94 black and white illustrations...... Bas See ate ceed ee pacnean ee 5 25 See also ‘‘ Dollar.” *)CHAPMAN. ‘Manual of the Pathological Treatment of Lameness in the Horse,’? treated solely by mechanical means. By George T. Chapman. 8vo, Cloth oh pace stcys-2 tees ae Un ee pe teats he 2 00 CHAUVEAU. ‘The Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals.” By A. Chauveau. New _edition, translated, enlarged and entirely revised by Geo. Fleming, F.R.C.V.S. 8vo, cloth, 585 illus...6 25 4 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins CLARKE. ‘Chart of the Feet and Teeth of Fossil Horses.” “By W; EH. Clarke. >. 2.2.) Se eee 25 CLEMENT. ‘** Veterinary Post Mortem Examina- tions.”’ By A. W. Clement, V.S. Records of autopsies, to be of any value, should accurately represent the appearances of the tissues and organs so that a diagnosis might be made by the reader were not the examiners’ conclusions stated. To make the pathological conditions clear to the reader, some definite system of dissection is necessary. The absence in the English language, of any. guide in making autopsies upon the lower animals, induced Dr. Clement to write this book, trusting that it would prove of practical value to the profession. 12mo; ‘cloth, illustrated s.\-........ 02. «sxe ee 75 CLEAVELAND. ‘“‘Pronouncing Medical Lexicon.” Pocket edition. Cloth. ¢. ...%... 22 1. ae ase 75 COURTENAY. ‘“Manual of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.” By Edward Courtenay, V.S. Crown, 8vo, COX. ‘‘Horses: In Accident and Disease.” The sketches introduced embrace various attitudes which have been observed, such as in choking ; the disorders and accidents occurring to the stomach and intestines ; affection of the brain ; and some special forms of lame- ness, etc. By J. Roalfe Cox, F.R.C.V.S. 8vo, cloth, fully illustrated: 22322523. oe. cbc Seige oe eee 1 50 CURTIS. ‘Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine.” The origin, history, improvement, description, characteris- tics, merits, objections, etc. By Geo. W. Curtis, M.S.A. Superbly illustrated. Cloth, $2 00; half sheep, $2.75; half morocco...............-+.--+.0 QO 851-853 Sith Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. , 5 (“)DALRYMPLE. “Veterinary Obstetrics.” A compen- dium for the use of advanced students and Practi- tioners. By W. H. Dalrymple, M.R.C.V.&., principal of the Department of Veterinary Science in the Louisiana State University and A. & M. College; Veterinarian to the Louisiana State Bureau of Agriculture, and Agricultural Experiment Stations; Member of the United States Veterinary Medical Associations, ete. 8vo, cloth, illus............. 2 50 DALZIEL. ‘The Fox Terrier.” Illustrated. (Monographs on British Dogs). By Hugh Dalziel............. 1 00 =o! Phe St. Bernard.” Lllustrated: 5232.8 beset. ce 1 00 — “The Diseases of Dogs.” Their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment, with a dictionary of Canine Materia Medica. By Hugh Dalziel. 12mo, cloth............. 80 — ‘Diseases of Horses.” 12mo, cloth................ eased 00 — “Breaking and Training Dogs.” Being concise directions for the proper education of dogs, both for the field and for companions. Second edi- tion, revised and enlarged. Part I, by Pathfinder; Part II, by Hugh Dalziel. 12mo, cloth, illus....2 60 — “The Coilie.” Its History, Points, and Breeding. By Hugh Dalziel. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth............ 1 00 — “The Greyhound.” 8vo, cloth, illus.................... 1 00 DANA. ‘Tables in gee Physiology.” By Prof. Chia Dana MoD ero see eac che sinc oo een cee 25 DANCE. ‘Veterinary Tablet.” Folded in cloth case. The tablet of A. A. Dance is a synopsis of the diseases of horses, cattle and dogs, with the causes, symptoms - PIVEN CUES ors teers ie te eraka chore lek orate ss eie iets cieke “epacyals( one aigeere Tae 75 DAY, ‘The Race-horse in Training,” By Wm. Day, SVOG Rss as cate ea yes b Be MG cieiad arurereetats See eseco" DO 6 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins (*)DE BRUIN. ‘Bovine Obstetrics.”? By M. G. De Bruin, Instructor of Obstetrics at the State Veterinary School in Utrecht. Translated by W. E. A. Wyman, Professor of Veterinary Science at Clemson A. & M. College, and Veterinarian to the South Carolina Experiment Station. 8vo, cloth, 382 pages, 77 illustrations............ 5 00 Synopsis of the Essential Features of the Work . Authorized translation. . The only obstetrical work which is up to date. . Written by Europe’s leading authority on the subject. Written by a man who has practiced the art a lifetime. . Written by a man who, on account of his eminence as bovine practitioner and teacher of obstetrics, was selected by Prot. Dr. Froéhner and Prof. Dr. Bayer (Berlin and Vienna), to discuss bovine obstetrics, both practically and scientifically. 6. The only work containing a thorough differential diag- nosis of ante and post partum diseases. 7. The only work doing justice to modern obstetrical surgery and therapeutics. 8. Written by a man whose practical suggestions revolu- tionized the teaching of veterinary obstetrics even in the great schools of Europe. 9. The only work dealing fully with the now no longer obscure contagious and infectious diseases of calves. 10. Absolutely original and no compilation. 11. The only work dealing fully with the difficult problem of teaching obstetrics in the colleges. 12. The only work where the practical part is not over- shadowed by theory. on ym OD 2D be . . « A veterinarian, particularly if his location brings him in contact with obstetrical practice, who makes any pretence toward being scientific and in possession of modern Knowledge upon this subject, will not be without this excellent work, as it is really a very valuable treatise. It contains nearly 400 pages, numerous illustrations, and is put together in Jenkins’ best style. — Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, in the American Veterinary Review, Dec., 1901. In translating into English Professor De Bruin’s excellent text- book on Bovine Obstetrics, Dr. Wyman has laid British and American veterinary surgeons and students under a debt of gratitude. The work represents the happy medium between the booklets which are adapted for cramming purposes by the student, and the ponderous tomes which, although useful to the teacher, are not exactly suited to the requirements of the everyday practitioner . . . It contains seventy-seven excellent illustrations . . . Both translator and pu- blisher have done their workin a way that deserves praise, and we ean strongly recommend the work to veterinary students and practi- tioners.— The Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics, December, 1901. See also ** Wyman,” 851-853 Siath Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 7 ()DOLLAR. “A Surgical Operating Table for the Horse.2? By Jno. A. W. Dollar, M.R.C.V.S..... 0 90 (*)— ** Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.” By P. J. Cadiot. Translated, edited, and supplemented with 49 new articles and 34 illustrations by Jno. A. W. Dollar, M.R.C.V.S. Royal 8vo, 619 pages, 94 black ANG WhILe PLUSLPALIONS geo. Se 0c ieee wleinte swe = 5 25 _. . ., This work, containing as it does the ripe exper- ience of the author, who may be considered one of the foremost surgeons and clinicians of the day, contains a vast amount of exact scientific information of the utmost value to the busy workaday practitioner, while for the student of either human or comparative medicine, no better book could be placed in their hands, that will give them a clear insight into the many intricate problems with which they are daily confronted. . . .—American Veterinary Review, New York, August, 1901. (*)— “A Hand-book of Horse-Shoeing,” with introductory chapters on the anatomy and physiology of the horse’s foot. By Jno. A. W. Dollar, M.R.C.V.S., translator and editor of Mdller’s ‘“‘ Veterinary Sur- gery,” ‘“‘An Atlas of Veterinary Surgical Operations,” ete.; with the collaboration of Albert Wheatley, F.R.C.V.S. 8vo, cloth, 433 pp., 406 illustrations . .4.75 DUN. “Veterinary Medicines.” By Finlay Dun, V.S. New revised and enlarged English edition. 8vo, cloth.3 75 DWYER. ‘Seats and Saddles.” Bits and Bitting, Draught and Harness and the Prevention and Cure of Restiveness in Horses. By Francis Dwyer. Illus- trateds ok vols. Lamo, Cloths siltse too jae ee cee 1 50 FLEMING. “Veterinary Obstetrics.” Including the Accidents and Diseases incident tu Pregnancy, Parturi- tion, and the early Age in Domesticated Animals. By Geo. Fleming, F.R.C.V.S. With 212 illustrations. New edition revised, 226 illustrations, 758 pages...6 25 773 pages, 8vo, cloth (old edition)...... ieiae ee shes 3 50 8 Veterinary Catalogue. of William R. Jenkins FLEMING. ‘Operative Veterinary Surgery.” Part I, by Dr, Geo. Fleming, M.R.C.V.S, This valuable work, the most practical treatise yet issued on the subject in the English language, is devoted to the common operations of Veterinary Surgery; and the concise descriptions and directions of the text ure illus- trated with numerous wood engravings. 8vo,cloth.2 75 (Second volume in preparation, to be ready March, 1902). — ‘Puberculosis.” From a Sanitary and Pathological Point of View. By Geo. Fleming, F.R.C.V.S. ..........26 — ‘*The Contagious Diseases of Animals.” Their influence on the wealth and health of nations. 12mo, paper....25 ? — ‘“Human and Animal Variole.” A Study in Comparative Pathology... 2 Papert... e22 ss cp <0! sie ee ee 25 — “Animal Plagues.” Their History, Nature, and Prevention, By George Fleming, F, R. C. V.S., ete. First Series. 8vo, cloth, $6.00; Second Series. Sv, ‘Cloth sats. Pa sts cc sieic-e 6 ule are ope ee eo 3 00 — * Roaring in Horses.” ° By Dr. George Fleming, F.R.C.V.S. By Dr. R. Koch. Translated by T. Saure. 8vo, cloth............. 1 00 12) Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins KEATING. ‘A New Unabridged Pronouncing Diction- ary of Medicine.” By John M. Keating, M.D., LL.D., Henry Hamilton and others. A voluminous and exhaustive hand-book of Medical and_ scientific | terminology with Phonetic Pronunciation, Accentu- ation, Etymology, ete. With an appendix containing important tables of Bacilli, Microcci Leucomaines, Ptomaines; Drugs and Materials used in Antiseptic Surgery; Poisons and their antidotes; Weights and Measures; Themometer Scales; New Officinal and Unofficinal Drugs, ete., etc. 8vo, 818 pages..... 5 00 LAMBERT. ‘The Germ Theory’ of Disease.” Bearing upon the health and welfare of man and the domesticated animals. By James Lambert, F.R.C.V.S. SVO.DAPOl ook kc ce ae eee oe pe Oc eee 25 LAW. **Farmers’ Veterinary Adviser.’? A Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of Disease in Domestic Animals. By Prof. James Law. Illus., 8vo, cloth.3 00 (*)LEGGE. “Cattle Tuberculosis.” A Practical Guide to the Farmer, Butcher and Meat Inspector. By T.M. Legge, M.A,, M.D., D.P.H., Secretary of the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, 1896-98; author of ‘* Public Health in European Capitals,” and ‘‘ Harold Sessions, F.R:C.V.S.7o -Cloth.. 0. ch05 cme eee 1 00 LIAUTARD. ‘Manual of Operative Veterinary Surgery ” By A. Liautard, M. D., V.M., Principal and Professor of Anatomy, Surgery, Sanitary Medicine and Juris- prudence in the American Veterinary College; Chevalier du Merite Agricole de France, Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (London), ete., etc. 8vo, cloth, 786 pages and nearly G00 Uustrations. sage wee sie Nere sete tnialalninliele eters te ts 6 00 851-853 Siath Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 13 LIAUTARD. “Median Neurotomy in the Treatment of Chronic Tendinitis and Periostosis of the Fetlock.” By C. Pellerin, late Repetitor of Clinic and Surgery to the Alfort Veterinary School. Translated with addi- tional facts relating to it, by Prof. A. Liautard, M.D., V.M. Having rendered good results when-performed by himself, the author believes the operation, which consists in dividing the cubito-plantar nerve and in excising a portion of the peripherical end, the means of improving the conditions, and consequently the values of many apparently doomed animals. Agricul- ture in particular will be benefited, The work is divided into two parts. The first covers the study of Median Neurotomy itself; the second, the exact relations ofthe facts as observed by the AMIbNOL = SVO-.. DOATUSs same. arate se se cel 1 00 (*)— **Animal Castration.”? A concise and practical Treatise on the Castration of the Domestic Animals. The only work on the subject in the English language. Tllustrated with 52 cuts. A new revised and enlarged editions 1902:) 12mo;. cloth 22. -a0-% SEP tao Noyes 2 00 — %Vade Mecum of Equine Anatomy.” By A. Liautard, M.D.V.S. Dean of the American Veterinary College. 12mo., cloth. New edition, with illustrations. ...2 00 — * Translation of Zundel on the Horse’s Foot.”? Cloth..2 00 — *How to Tell the Age of the Domestic Animal.” By Dr. A. Liautard, M.D., Y.S. Profusely illustrated. TOTO MOO) d UE eens Se orn eeBon eC O UM OeUT AT oe 50 — *Qn the Lameness of Horses.°? By A. Liautard, DESDE, Sees sie eae roach cote Staite ly onatty scr-ain hana legauetans 2 50 See also ‘‘Cadiots Surgery.” (*)--** A Treatise on Veterinary Therapeutics of the Domestic Animals.”? (See Cadiot,) = - 14 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins LONG. “Book of the Pig.” Its selection, Breeding, Feeding and Management. 8vo, cloth........... 4 25 (*)LOWE. ‘¢Breeding Racehorses by the Figure System.”? Compiled by the late C. Bruce Lowe. Edited by William Allison, ‘‘ The Special Commis- sioner,” London Sportsman, Hon. Secretary Sporting League, and Manager of the International Horse Agency and Exchange. With numerous fine illustra- tions of celebrated horses. Quarto, cloth....... 7 50 LUDLOW. ‘Science in the Stable”; or How a Horse can be Kept in Perfect Health and be Used Without Shoes, in Harness or under the Saddle. With the Reason Why. Second American Edition. Enlarged and Exemplified. By Jacob R. Ludlow, M.D. Late Staff Surgeon, U.S. Army. Paper, 166 pages...... 50 LUPTON. **Horses: Sound and Unsound,” with Law relating to Sales and Warranty. By J. Irvine Lupton, F.R.C.V.S. 8vo, cloth, illustrated...... 1 25 — *¢*The Horse.”’? As he Was, as he Is, and as he Ought to Be. By J. I. Lupton, F.R.C.V.S. Illus., Crown, @vo..1 40 MAGNER. ** Facts for Horse Owners.”? By D. Magner. Upwards of 1,000 pages, illustrated with 900 engrav- ings. 8vo, leather binding. .......... eee ese ff iI) MAYHEW. **The Dlustrated Horse Doctor.” An accurate and detailed account of the Various Diseases to which the Equine Race is subject ; together with the latest mode of Treatment, and all the Requisite Pre- scriptions written in plain English. By E. Edward Mayhew, M.R.C.V.S._ Illustrated. Entirely new edition; 8v0,*ClOUN e 0 n ee ucgies se ee 2 75 851-853 Siath Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 15 McBRIDE. ‘Anatomical Outlines of the Horse.” ine -clothys 7; Reduced“ to. ewes a. es ee 1 50 McCOMBIE. “Cattle and Cattle Breeders.” Cloth,...... 1 00 WFADYEAN. ‘Anatomy of the Horse.” A Dis- section Guide. By J. M. M’Fadyean, M.R.C.V:S. SVO Clots MoE Rec ORM erage er bo chet 5 50 This book is intended for Veterinary students, and offers to them in its 48 full-page colored plates numer- ous other engravings and excellent text, the most valuable and practical aid in the study of Veterinary Anatomy, especially in the dissecting room. — **Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals. By J. M’Fadyean. Profusely illustrated, and to be issued in two parts. Part I—Osteology, ready. Paper, 2.50; cloth... .2.75 (Part II in preparation.) MILLS. *‘How to Keep a Dog in the City.’ By Wesley Mills, M.D., V.S. Ittells how to choose, manage, house, feed, educate the pup, how to keep him clean and teach him cleanliness. Paper........... 25 MOSSELMAN-LIENAUX. ‘Veterinary Microbio- logy.”? By Professors Mosselman and Liénaux, Nat. Veterinary College, Cureghem, Belgium. Trans- lated and edited by R. R. Dinwiddie, Professor of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University. 12mo, cloth, 342 pages........ 2 00 MORETON, ‘ Qn Horse-breaking.”? i2mo, cl.........50 16 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins MOLLER, ‘Operative Veterinary Surgery.” By Profes- sor Dr. H. Moller, Berlin. Translated and edited from the 2nd edition, enlarged and improved, by John A, W. Dollar, M.R.C.S. Prof. Moller’s work presents the most recent and complete exposition of the Principles and Practice of Veterinary Surgery, and is the standard text-book on the subject throughout Germany. Many subjects ignored in previous treatises on Veterinary Surgery here receive full consideration, while the better known are presented under new and suggestive aspects. As Prof. Moller’s work represents not only his own opinions and practice, but those of the best Veterinary Surgeons of various countries, the trans- lation cannot fail to be of signal service to American and British Veterinarians and to Students of Veter- inary and Comparative Surgery. ; 1 vol.,8vo. 722 pages, 142 illustrations ........ 5 25 NOCARD. ‘The Animal Tuberculoses, and their Relation to Human Tuberculosis.” By Ed. Nocard, Prof. of the Alfort Veterinary College. Translated by H. Scurfield, M.D. Ed., Ph. Camb. 12mo, cloth, 143 pages....1 00 Perhaps the chief interest to doctors of human medicine in Professor Nocard’s book lies in the demonstration of the small part played by heredity, and the great part played by contagion in the propa- gation of bovine tuberculosis. It seems not unreason- able to suppose that the same is the case for human tuberculosis, and that, if the children of tuberculosis parents were protected from infection by cohabitation or ingestion, the importance of heredity as a cause of the disease, or even of the predisposition to it, would dwindle away into insignificance. PEGLER., ‘The Book of the Goat.”? 12mo, cloth. ...... 1 75 851-853 Sixth Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 17 PELLERIN. ‘Median Neurotomy in the Treatment of Chronic Tendinitis and Periostosis of the Fetlock.”? By C. Pellerin, late repetitor of Clinic and Surgery to the Alfort Veterinary School. Translated, with Addi- tional Facts Relating to It, by Prof. A. Liautard, M.D., V.M.; Svo,: boards, illustrated:. 423.2... 1 00 See also ** Liautard.” PETERS. ‘A Tuberculous Herd—Test with Tuber- culin.”” By Austin Peters, M. R.C. V.S., Chief Inspector of Cattle for the New York State Board of Health during the winter of 1892-93. Pamphlet....25 (*)PFEIFFER-WILLIAMS. ‘A Course of Surgical Operations for Veterinary Students and Practi- tioners.”? By W. Pfeiffer, Assistant in the Surgical Clinic of the Veterinary High School in Berlin, and W. L. Williams, V.S., Professor of Surgery in the New York State Veterinary College, Cornell Univer- sity, Ithaca, N. Y. With 42 illustrations, 12mo, cloth............... 1 25 A concise description of the more common major surgical operations, designed as a laboratory guide in surgical exercises for veterinary students and as a ready reference for practitioners in surgical opera- . tions. Based upon a translation of Dr. Pfeiffer’s ‘‘Operations-Cursus,”” embodying the experience of Dr. Pfeiffer and Prof. Dr. Fréhner in the Berlin Veterinary School. With numerous annotations there have been added many of the newer, largely distinc- tively American, operations. REYNOLD. ‘Breeding and Management of Draught Horses Sv0,Clothed, Sieg fey oi seen neeies e140 18 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins ROBERGE. ‘The Foot of the Horse,” or Lameness and all Diseases of the Feet traced to an Unbalanced Foot Bone, prevented or cured by balancing the foot. By David Roberge. Svo, cloth... 2.2... 38. s.o6 5 00 (**)SEWELL. ‘* The Examination of Horses as to Sound- ness and Selection as to Purchase.”? By Edward Sewell, M:B-C.V.8.L. 8vo, paper... ...2225. ser 1 60 .... It ig a great advantage to the business man to know something of the elements of law, and nobody ought either to buy or Own a horse who does not know something about the animal. That something this book gives, and gives in a thoroughly excellent way.... Our Animal Friends, November, 1898. SMITH. ‘‘A Manual of Veterinary Physiology.” By Veterinary Captain F. Smith, M.R.C.V.S. Author of ‘©A Manual of Veterinary Hygiene.” Throughout this manual the object has been to con- dense the information as much as possible. The broad facts of the sciences are stated so as to render them of use to the student and practitioner. In this second edition—rewritten—the whole of the Nervous System has been revised, a new chapter dealing with the Development of the Ovum has been added together with many additional facts and illustrations. About one hundred additional pages are given. Second edition, revised and enlarged, with additional illus- trations(s. 22240... nde ig liven Jaa eee 3 75 — **Manual of Veterinary Hygiene.”? 2nd edition, revised. Crown; ‘Sv, cloth)... J. ee 0 3. 2 os eee 3 25 (**)STRANGEWAY. ‘Veterinary Anatomy.” Edited by I. Vaughan, F.L.S., M.R.C.V.S. New edition revised, with several hundred illustrations. 8vo, cloth....5 00 851-853 Sixth. Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York. 19 (**)\SUSSDORF. ‘Large Colored Wall Diagrams.” By Prof. Sussdorf, M.D. (of Géttingen). Text translated by Prof. W. Owen Williams, of the New Veterinary College, Edinburgh. Size, 44 inches by 30 inches. 1.—Horse. 4,—Ox. 2.—Mare. 5.—Boar and Sow. 3.—Cow. 6.—Dog and Bitch. Showing the position of the viscera in the large cavities of the body. Price, unmounted........... oo eae A Ue ae 1 75 each ‘¢ mounted on linen, with roller... .... Sy oO Es (**“)VAN MATER. ‘A Text Book of Veterinary Oph- thalmology.”? By George G. Van Mater, M.D., D.V.S., Professor of Ophthalmology in the American Veterinary College; Oculist and Aurist to St. Martha’s Sanitarium and Dispensary; Consulting Eye and Ear Surgeon to the Twenty-sixth Ward Dispensary ; Eye and Ear Surgeon, Brooklyn Eastern District Dispen- sary, etc. Illustrated by one chromo lithograph plate and seventy-one engravings. SvOrCloblineer a ehh ak cic ws aa le aie Big vena tee ac 3 00 VETERINARY DIAGRAMS in Tabular Form. Size, 284 in. x 22 inches. Price per set of five....4 75 No.1. ‘The External Form and Elementary Ana- tomy of the Horse.” Hight colored illustrations— 1. External regions; 2. Skeleton ; 3. Muscles (Superior Layer); 4. Muscles (Deep Layer); 5. Respiratory Ap- paratus; 6. Digestive Apparatus; 7. Circulatory Ap- paratus ; 8. Nerve Apparatus ; with letter-press descrip- GION a os SR OOOO Cie Hert SOC HOODOO GOS Solo0d0 1 25 20 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins VETERINARY DIAGRAMS,—Continued. No. 2. ‘*The Age of Domestic Animals.” Forty-two figures illustrating the structure of the teeth, indicat- ing the Age of the Horse, Ox, Sheep, and Dog, with full description. 3... 65.0080 2 eee ee oe eee 75 No. 3. ‘*The Unsoundness and Defects of the Horse.” Fifty figures illustrating—l. The Defects of Confor- mation; 2. Defects of Position; 3. Infirmities or Signs of Disease ; 4. Unsoundnesses; 5. Defects of the Foot; with full description. .\.......=5-.-1. 6 on ee eee 75 No.4. ‘‘The Shoeing of the Horse, Mule and Ox.” Fifty figures descriptive of the Anatomy and Physio- logy of the Foot and of Horse-shoeing............. 75 No. 5. ‘The Elementary Anatomy, Points, and But- cher’s Joints of the Ox.” Ten colored illustrations —1. Skeleton; 2. Nervous System; 3. Digestive System (Right Side) ; 4. Respiratory System ; 5. Points of a Fat Ox; 6. Muscular System ; 7. Vascular System; 8. Digestive System (Left Side); 9. Butcher’s Sections of a Calf; 10. Butcher’s Sections of an Ox; with full description. oi csc652 oe = ese sete oe eee eee ets: WALLEY. ‘Four Bovine Scourges.” (Pleuro-Pneumonia, Foot and Mouth Disease, Cattle Plague and Tubercle.) With an Appendix on the Inspection of Live Animals and Meat. . Illustrated, 4to, cloth...... seis adaiaie epeceia leslie eee 6 40 851-853 Sixth Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York 21 WALLEY. ‘A Practical Guide to Meat Inspection.” By Thomas Walley, M.R.C.V.S., formerly principal of the Edinburgh Royal (Dick) Veterinary College; Pro- fessor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, ete, Fourth Edition, 1902, thoroughly revised and enlarged by Stewart Stockman, M.R.C,V.S., Professor of Pathology, Lecturer on Hygiene and Meat Inspection at Dick Veterinary College, Edinburgh. 12mo, cloth, with 45 colored illus., 295 pages..... 3 00° An experience of over 30 years in his profession and a long official connection (some sixteen years) with Edinburgh Abattoirs have enabled the author to gather a large store of information on the subject, which he has embodied in his book. Dr. Walley’s opi- nions are regarded as the highest authority on Meat Inspection. WILLIAMS. “Principles and Practice of Veterinary Medicine.” New author’s edition, entirely revised and illustrated with numerous plain and colored plates. By W. Williams, M.R.C.V.S. Svoey ClOtimere ce aries octets es ork shape levatele ste secclclee wieinrate 6 00 — “Principles and Practice of Veterinary Surgery.” New author’s edition, entirely revised and _ illustrated with numerous plain and colored plates. By W. Williams, M.R.C.V.S. On ClO no mobo en HoSUCOb BU obodnoDE SOUOCUHG0Ge 6 00 (*)WILLIAMS - PFEIFFER. ‘A Course of Surgical Operations for Veterinary Students and Practi- tioners.”?» By W. Pfeiffer and W. L. Williams, V.S. With 42 illustrations, 12mo, cloth............... 1 25 See also ‘‘Pfeiffer- Williams.” Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins bo lw. THE MOST COMPLETE, PROGRESSIVE AND SCIENTIFIC BOOK ON THE SUBJECT IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ) (*)VINSLOW. ‘Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeu- tics.°?> By Kenelm Winslow, B.A.S., M.D.V., M.D., (Harv.); Assistant Professor of Therapeutics in the Veterinary School of Harvard University; Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society; Surgeon to the Newton Hospital, etc. Second Edition Revised, 1902. Svo, Cloth, T50spaces ..<..s..0/cc1nc Jee ee 6 00 — Your letter received and I am pleased to Know that we are to have an American Materia Medica.—J. H. Wattles, Sr., M.D., D.V.S., The Western Veterinary College, Kansas City, Mo. March 19th, 1901. : Am delighted with it. It is remarkably correct, complete and up to date and is bound to supersede any other work on the same subject heretofore before the pro- fession. No practitioner’s library is complete without it and it will be indispensable for students, as it does away with the necessity of their having a number of collateral books on the subject. It will be adopted as the text book in the Chicago Veter- inary College.—Dr. E. L. Quitman, Chicago Veterinary College. June 25th, 1901. The book is of admirable merit and full of valuable information from beginning to end, very explicit, rich and interesting, and should be in the hands of every student as well as practitioner of the art of Veterinary Medicine.— Thurston Miller, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica, Thera- peutics and Chemistry, San Francisco Veterinary College. July 8th, 1901. I have found the book very satisfactory as a reference book to be used in connection with lectures. —Dr. W. A. Landacre, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University. August 6th, 1901. 851-853 Siath Avenue (cor. 48th St.), New York 23 I consider it the only work on materia medica and thera- peutics suitable to the American veterinary practitioner. It deserves a wide distribution among veterinarians, I have recommended it to my students.—John J. Repp, V.M.D., lowa State College, Ames, Iowa, Oct. 29th, 1901. This latest work on veterinary materia medica is a hand- somely bound and printed book . . . and we can recom- mend it as an advantageous addition to any veterinary library, but much more a book for the practitioner of experience.—The Veterinary Journal, October, 1901. The field of veterinary materia medica has never been filled to the extent that the importance of the subject demanded, and, while all other branches of veterinary science have had numerous contributions from American authors, that of medicine and therapeutics has never received the compliment of a presumptuous text-book, veterinary posology being about the extent of the efforts put forth. The excellent work by Finlay Dun has been our only guide, and it would be a rather reckless assertion to claim that this treatise was well adapted to the needs of the present generation of American veterinarians. In Eng- land, it may be a satisfying compendium of therapeutics, but in the live, bustling up-to-date profession of the Western Hemisphere, it is many years to the rear, and the time is well at hand when we should have text-books adapted to American methods and conditions . .. It is destined to supersede Dun’s ‘‘ Veterinary Medicines” in all English-speaking schools. . . Already the text-book of Dr. Winslow has been adopted in many of the colleges of this country, and it is safe to predict that it will receive the endorsement of practitioners wherever it is introduced. —American Veterinary Review, November, 1901. 24 Veterinary Catalogue of William R. Jenkins. (*)WYMAN. “The Clinical Diagnosis of Lameness in the Horse.” By W. E. A. Wyman, V.S., Prof. of Veterinary Science, Clemson A. & M. College, and Veterinarian to the South Carolina Experiment Sta- tion. 8vo, cloth, illustrated....... 9 Sree een ae 2 50 (*) —** Bovine Obstetrics.°? By M. G. De Bruin, Instructor of Obstetrics at the State Veterinary School in Utrecht. Translated by W.E. A. Wyman, M.D.YV., V.S., Professor of Veterinary Science, Clemson A. & M. College, and Veterinarian to the South Carolina Experiment Station. 8vo, cloth, 382 pages, 77 illustrations............ 5 00 See also *‘ De Bruin,” — ‘*Tibio-peroneal Neurectomy for the Relief of Spavin Lameness. By W. E. A. Wyman, M.D.V., V.S. (In preparation.) ZUNDEL. ‘The Horse’s Foot and Its Diseases.” By A. Zundel, Principal Veterinarian of Alsace Lorraine. Translated by Dr. A. Liautard, V.S. 12mo, cloth AUS LAGS Mere Neletaetr ers Serelee es atures «cate MO iG oe 2 00 ZUILL. “Typhoid Fever; or Contagious Influenza in the Horse.” By Prof. W. L. Zuill, M.D.,D.V-S. Bamphlety. ss. 26 choo Sie ee eins eee isan eee 25 Our Books are for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent prepaid for the prices here quoted. . WZ CWS WILLIATI R. JENKINS, 851 and 853 Sixth Avenue, NEW YORK, | ee Ay