LA i L-N'''-.;-' ■ 1 .1 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VoL. XIX 1929-1930 umir^ 9.8G303 W. J. HOLLAND, Editor Published by the Authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute October 1928-JuNE 1930 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Table of Contents iii List of Plates v List of Figures in Text vii List of Genera and Species New to Science ix Dates of Issue of Parts and Separates xi Errata and Corrigenda xi Editorial Notes 1-9; 101-106; 149-153; 205-210 Obituaries, By Editor: Herbert DuPuy 211-213 Daniel Winters 21 5-2 1 6 James Dickey Hailman 217-219 Hon. Josiah Cohen 221-222 Dr. William Barnes 223-224 1. Testimonial to Dr. Holland on his Eightieth Birth- day. By A. Avinoff 11-13 IT The Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. By W. J. Holland 15-34 III. Notes upon some North American Species and Varie- ties of the Genus Brenthis. By W. J. Holland. . . 35-45 IV. List of Types of Recent Eishes in the Collection of the Carnegie Museum on September i, 1928. By A. W. Henn 51-99 V. Some Cretaceous Mammals from the Lance Eorma- tion. By George Gaylord Simpson 107-113 VI. A Collection of Paleocene Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana. By George Gaylord Simpson. . . 1 15-122 VII. Notes upon some Gyrinidae in the Carnegie Museum 'with Descriptions of New Species. By Dr. Georg Ochs 123-134 iii IV Table of Contents VIII. IX. X. XL XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. Celtis Microendocarpica Brooks not a Lithospermum. By Betty Watt Brooks 135-138 A List of Prionid Beetles Taken at Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with the Description of a New Species. By Samuel H. Williams 139-148 New Species and Varieties of North American Butterflies. By W. J. Holland 155-160 Two New Subspecies of Melitsea harrisi, with Re- marks upon Related Forms. By A. Avinoff 161-166 A New Toad of the Genus Eupemphix. By M. Graham Netting 167-168 The Occurrence of Lizards in Pennsylvania. By M. Graham Netting 169-174 The Poisonous Snakes of Pennsylvania and the Treatment of Snake-bites. By M. Graham Net- ting 175-184 Notes on Some American Butterflies, mainly Re- lating to their Classification and Nomenclature. By W. J. Holland 185-204 The Mammalian Fauna of Pennsylvania. By Sam- uel H. Williams 225-234 Notes on Some South American Gerridse (Llemip- tera). By C. J. Drake and H. M. Harris 235-239 Notes on Some South American Nabidae with De- scriptions of Some New Species. By Halbert M. Harris 241-248 The Systematic Status and Breeding Habits of Eupemphix trmitatis Boulenger. By M. Graham Netting 249-254 255-274 Index LIST OF PLATES I. Testimonial presented to W. J. Holland on his Eightieth Birthday, August i6, 1928. II. Argynnids of the Nokomis Group. III. Fruitlets of various species of Celtis compared with living Spermum. IV-V. South American Prionidae. VI. Illustrations of Melitaea and Phyciodes (in color). VII. Species of Eupemphix. VIII. Fig. I, Head of a Dried Rattlesnake; fig. 2, a Copperhead. IX. Fig. I, Massasauga; fig. 2, The Banded Rattlesnake. X. Herbert DuPuy. XI. Daniel Winters. XII. James Dickey Hailman. XIII. Hon. Josiah Cohen. XIV. Faunal Map of Pennsylvania. V FIGURES IN TEXT Art. III. Fig. I, Art. V. Fig. I, Fig. Fig. 3. Fig. 4> Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Art. VI. Fig. I, Fig. 2, Fig. 3» Fig. 4, Neuration of Hind wings of different species of Brenthis, p. 41. Eiiangelistes peter soni Simpson, p. 109. Pediomyince, gen. and sp. indet., p. no. Pediomys elegans Marsh, p. in. Right lower premolar, Cimolomys, sp. indet., p. 112. Right lower molars, Cimolomys, sp. indet., p. 112. Right upper molar of Menisco'essiis,sp. indet., p. 113. Planetetherium mirahile Simpson, p. 116. Left lower jaw of Labidolemur kayi, sp. nov. Simp- son, p. 120. Right lower canine, Psittacotherium,^]}. indet., 121. Internal views of second left lower molars of Dis- saciis, p. 122. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. Class MAMMALIA (Fossilia). Order MARSUPIALIA. Family DIDELPHYID^. Genus Euangelistes nov. E. petersoni Simpson, sp. nov., p. io8. Order INSECTIVORA. Eamily PLESIADAPID^. Labidolemur kayi Simpson, sp. nov., p. 120. Class BATRACHIA (Recentia). Eupemphix riitJiveni Netting, sp. nov., p. 167. Class INSECTA. Order LEPIDOPTERA. Family NYMPHALID^. Brenthis myrina, vdiV. jennmgsce Holland, var. nov., p. 36. B. myrina, var. nehraskensis Holland, var. nov., p. 36; B. myrina, var. terrcB-novcB Holland, subsp. nov., p. 36; B. albequina Holland, sp. nov., p. 40; B. do. var. (? ab. 9) baxteri Holland, p. 42. Brenthis frigga, var. lehmanni Holland, var. nov., p. 44. { = B. frigga alaskensis Lehmann, = J5. frigga gibsoni B. 8l B., which latter has priority). Brenthis bellona toddi Holland, subsp. nov., p. 45. Brenthis bellona, ab. pardopsis Holland, ab. nov. p. 45. Adelitcxa gilensis Holland, sp. nov., p. 156; aracJiJte var. giinderice, Hol- land, ab. nov., p. 156. Melitcea harrisi liggetti Avinoff, subsp. nov., p. 161. Ad. harrisi albimontana Avinoff, subsp. nov., p. 163. Family PAPILIONID^. Subfamily Parnassiin^. Parnassius golovimis Holland, sp. noAL, p. 155. IX X List of Genera and Species New to Science Family HESPERIID.F:. Thanaos avinoffi Holland, sp. nov., p. 156. Erynnis lindseyi Holland, sp. now, =ruricola (Bdv.) auct. nonnull., p. 158. Poanes hobomok, 9, var. alfaratta Holland, var. nov., p. 15Q. Megathymus albocincta Holland, sp. nov., p. 159. Order COLEOPTERA. Eamily GYRINID^. Gyrinus floridensis Ochs, sp. nov., p. 123. Dineutus { Cyclinus) emarginatus floridensis Ochs, subsp. nov., p. 125. Gyretes lucidus Ochs, sp. nov., p. 128; nndtisetosiis Ochs, sp. nov., p. 130; globosiis Ochs, sp. nov., p. 130. Or ecto gyrus patromimius Ochs, sp. nov., p. 133. Family CERAMBYCID^. Protorma reciirvatum Williams, sp. nov., p. 143. Order HEMIPTERA. Family GERRID^. Limnogonus recurvus Drake and Harris, sp. nov. p. 236. Limnogonus profugus Drake and Harris, sp. nov. p. 237. Family NABID^. Subgenus Camarochilus Harris (subgen. of Pachyjiomus Klug) subgen. nov., p. 241. Camarochilus americanus Harris, sp. nov., p. 242. Camarochilus confusus Harris, sp. nov., p. 243. Pagasa bimaculata Harris, sp. nov., p. 244. Nabis seticrus Harris, sp. nov. p. 247. DATES OF ISSUE AS SEPARATES. Art. I. Oct. 10, 1928. Art. X. Jan. 21, 1930. Art. II. Oct. 10, 1928. Art. XI. Jan. 21, 1930. Art. III. Oct. 10, 1928. Art. XII. Jan. 21, 1930. Art. IV. Dec. 5, 1928. Art. XIII. Jan. 21, 1930. Art. V. March 23, 1929. Art. XIV. Feb. 13, 1930. Art. VI. March 23, 1929. Art. XV. Feb. 13, 1930. Art. VIE Apr. 5, 1929. Art. XVI. June 30, 1930. Art. VIII. May 14, 1929. Art. XVII. June 30, 1930. Art. IX. May 22, 1929. Art. XVIII. June 30, 1930. Art. XIX. June 30, 1930. ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA p. 37. 7th and 5th lines from bottom, for a^idersoni substitute kriemhild. p. 90. 7th line from bottom, for “Carnax” read Caranx. p. 133. i6th line from top, for “Kamarus” read Kamarun. XI ANNALS - OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM r Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 139 December, 1928 For sale by Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., Oxford St., London, W. C. 2, England; Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, II Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6, Germany: Maruzen Company, Ltd., 11-16, Nihonbashi, Tori-Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan: and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penna., U. S. A. ■i ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOLUME XIX, NO. i Editorial Notes At the Commencement of the University of Pittsburgh, which was held on June 13, 1928, it became the agreeable duty of the Editor of the Annals to make the commencement address and to witness the conferring of the degree of Doctor of Science upon that most valued and generous friend of the Museum, Mr. Benjamin Preston Clark, of Boston. He was presented to the Chancellor in an appropriate introductory address by Dr. Avinoff. The great collection of the SphingidcE made by Mr. Clark is gradually being transferred to the final custody of the Carnegie Museum. With kindness, which is most sincerely appreciated, the Trustees of the University conferred upon the Editor of the Annals the degree of L. H. D. {Litterariim Humaniorum Doctor). After nearly forty years of connection with the University as Trustee, during ten of which the writer had the honor of serving as Chancellor, this act of recognition, coming close upon his eightieth birthday, is sincerely accepted as a token of good will on the part of the distinguished body of his fellow students, who have done and are doing so much for the upbuilding of science, art, and general culture in this wonderful community. Mr. John B. Semple fired by his love of exploration, accompanied by Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, Kenneth Doutt, and George M. Sutton, has just returned from an ornithological exploration of eastern Quebec and southern Labrador, where the party visited those regions 1 2 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. which can be most easily reached from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With his usual generosity Mr. Semple financed the expedition, for which the friends of the Carnegie Museum unite in expressing to him their most grateful appreciation. The ultimate destination of the expedition was the region recently made famous by the near-tragic trans-Atlantic flight of the aeroplane “Bremen,” which terminated on Greenley Island. In fact, fragments of the wing of one of the planes, which was wrecked while attempting to rescue the crew of the “Bremen,” were found by our party on a rocky island near that spot. From Natashquan, about five hundred miles northeast of Quebec, in a boat chartered for that purpose, the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was examined for a distance of about one hundred and fifty miles, as far north as Harrington Harbor. The conditions of the ice at first made traveling dangerous and somewhat retarded progress. Heavy rains added to the difficulty of collection, and the advent of spring brought with it the myriads of black flies and mosquitoes for which Labrador is unpleasantly noted. The expedition was primarily concerned with the study of birds, and the bulk of the collection consists of approximately four hundred bird skins and one hundred sets of eggs, in addition to one hundred and twenty-five mammals and many plants and insects. The collec- tion is particularly rich in sea-fowl and there is a fine series of the Great Black-backed Gull, the “pirate of the Gulf,” which destroys the eggs of Eider Ducks and Murres, when they are left unprotected. Another interesting bird collected was a Hawk Owl, which defies its family tradition by habitually hunting during broad daylight. On many of the rocky islets colonies of nesting sea-birds were found, among which were large numbers of the American Eider, a habitat group of which is soon to be on exhibition in the Carnegie Museum. The European Cormorant, one of the rarest of American birds, was observed at the only locality where it now breeds in the New World. This part of the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence is unusually interesting, because the ice brought in by the Arctic current retards the seasons and creates on the off-shore islands a life-zone similar to the northern Barren Grounds, while the adjacent mainland is a typical Canadian spruce-forest; and thus the anomaly of a colder zone south of a warmer zone is brought about. For the last twenty-five years Mr. Todd has studied the avi-fauna of the Labrador Peninsula, and in that time has made numerous ex- Editorial Notes. 3 peditions to Hudson and James Bays and to the eastern coast of Labrador. In 1917 he headed an expedition, which was the first to cross the interior of the peninsula from the St. Lawrence to Davis Strait. The trips in recent years have been made possible through the generosity of Mr. Semple, who each time has been a member of the party. Mr. Sutton, formerly a member of the ornithological staff of the Museum, now connected with the Board of Game Commissioners of Pennsylvania, has also accompanied Mr. Todd on two other trips. Mr. Ernest G. Holt, together with Mrs. Holt, sailed on June 4th for his explorations in Venezuela, under the joint auspices of the Car- negie Museum and the National Geographic Society, which is con- tributing $5,000 for this purpose. This expedition is further assisted by two Trustees of the Carnegie Museum, Mr. C. D. Armstrong and Dr. George H. Clapp, each of whom give $500 this year. The Aluminum Company of America very generously offered free trans- portation on one of the ships of the “Aluminum Line” from Mobile to LaGuayra; and the H. J. Heinz Company donated twenty-four cases of food-products, which will probably serve as supplies of their kind for a year. Through the generosity of Mr. Herbert DuPuy the Museum has been enabled to acquire the scientific library of the late Dr, Arnold E. Ortmann. This noted naturalist, who for many years was the Curator of Invertebrates in the Carnegie Museum, was widely known in America and Europe as one of the leading authorities upon the Invertebrata and upon Zoogeography. His studies of the Crustacea and the Distribution of Freshwater Mollusca are classic. Dr. Ort- mann’s collection of books and pamphlets comprises over thirty-six hundred titles, chiefly relating to those subjects in which he specialized. Its accession to the library of the Museum constitutes a precious addition to the papers, which must be consulted by the student in those fields of research in which Dr. Ortmann rose to international eminence. Numerous visitors of distinction were welcomed at the Museum in May and June. Besides many American friends, professors in universities and scientific specialists, who have arrested their progress through Pittsburgh to spend a few hours or a few days in consulting 4 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. the books and the collections in the Museum we have had the honor of greeting and entertaining a number of friends from across the seas. On June 23rd Mr. James Norval, formerly Provost of the City of Dunfermline, Scotland, and most active and influential as a Trustee in all of the foundations created by Mr. Andrew Carnegie in the United Kingdom, arrived in Pittsburgh. The Editor of the Annals, in his capacity of President of the Carnegie Hero Fund in North America, promptly called to pay his respects to the President of the Carnegie Hero Fund in the United Kingdom. The 24th being Sab- bath, Provost Norval repaired with the writer of these lines to the Bellefield Presbyterian Church, where we heard a good sermon by the pastor, a Scot of American adoption. The rest of the day was spent in the company of Mr. F. M. Wilmot, the Secretary of the American Hero Fund, and at the home of the writer. On Monday Mr. Norval visited the various departments of the Carnegie Institute as the guest of the Trustees, saw something of the great industrial establishments founded by Mr. Carnegie, and in the evening dined at the Pittsburgh Golf Club in company with a goodly gathering of the Trustees of the Institute, and the Heads of Departments. Colonel S. H. Church presided and acted as toastmaster. Those who were present will always carry with them delightful memories of the graceful address made on the occasion by Mr. Norval, by way of an after-dinner speech. On the same day, June 25th, Vicomte Guillaume de Spoelberch, of Wespelaer, Belgium, at the invitation of Mr. Howard Heinz, called at the Carnegie Museum and was shown through the galleries by the Director, Dr. Avinoff. The Viscount expressed himself in terms of highest appreciation as to what he had seen. To be perfectly frank, while we have rejoiced to welcome our foreign friends, the most significant visitors have been American men of science, paleontologists, entomologists, ornithologists, and botan- ists, who have spent days and even weeks with us, studying the scientific treasures which have been amassed during the brief years in which the Museum has had its being, but which they find that they must consult, if the work they are doing is to claim authority. The Editor of the Annals, with the hesitation which modesty inspires, nevertheless with pardonable pride, records the fact that at the last Annual Meeting of the American Philosophical Society he Editorial Notes. 5 had the honor to be elected to membership. The American Philo- sophical Society, in establishing its claim to be the oldest scientific organization in the United States, traces its descent from “The Junto,” a club formed in Philadelphia by youths bent upon self-improvement, i. e. adult education. In this club Benjamin Frank- lin, a young printer, took an active part. One of the coterie was a shoe-maker by the name of William Parsons. Franklin called him “our geographer.” He forsook his last and took up the surveying of land. He presently was made by the Penns their agent to lay out lands and locate towns and highways. He received the title of “Surveyor General to the Proprietors.” He laid out Easton, Pa.; made his home there in the later years of his life; did much for the defence of the frontier settlements at the time of the French and Indian War; and, dying, was buried at Easton, where his tomb may be seen near the entrance to the “Carnegie Free Library.” The great- great-grandfather of the writer of these lines was the Executor of the last Will and Testament of this original member of “The Junto,” and a large body of the papers of William Parsons are in the possession of the Editor of the Annals. The daughter of William Parsons married the eldest son of Colonel Horsfield of Bethlehem, Pa. Their son. Dr. Thomas Horsfield, was for fifty years the Curator-in-chief of the Museum of “The Honorable The British East India Company” in London. He was the author of a number of important works upon the zoology and the botany of Java and the East Indies. The tales of the discoveries and researches made by “cousin Thomas,” heard by the writer of these lines when he was a boy, did much to create in him his life-long enthusiasm for the study of nature. And now the circle closes, and the Director Emeritus of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh on the Ohio becomes a member of the Association, one of the original founders of which was William Parsons, whose ashes sleep by the doorway of the Carnegie Library in Easton on the Delaware. The Fourth International Entomological Congress was held at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, on August 12-18, 1928. It was the largest gathering of entomologists which has thus far taken place in the annals of mankind. Over six hundred professional entomolo- gists and students of the science were congregated on the occasion. About one hundred of the delegates came from foreign lands, some of them accompanied by their wives and daughters. 6 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. The local Committee was composed of the following: Prof. James G. Needham, Chairman; Prof. Glenn W. Herrick, Vice-Chairman, Prof. P. J. Parrott, Vice-Chairman; Prof. C. J. Crossley, Treasurer; Prof. E. F. Phillips, Chairman Committee on Program; Prof. P. W. Claassen, Chairman Committee on Local Arrangements; Prof. O. A. Johannsen, Local Secretary. It is impossible to convey in adequate terms the appreciation which was felt by everyone at the admirable manner in which the above committee provided for the wants of this polyglot assemblage coming from all parts of the world. Every contingency was anticipated. Cornell University possesses in Willard Straight Hall a building wonderfully adapted to help in the entertainment of guests. Here were the headquarters of the Congress. Registration took place in the Entrance hall where was a postoffice, a telegraph-office, a general railway ticket-office, bureaus of information, with courteous attend- ants, able to answer all inquiries. The great Memorial Hall furnished accommodations for various gatherings and for the banquet on the evening of the i8th and the service in the cafeterias and the dining- halls was all that could be desired. Those who had the privilege of finding their rooms assigned to them in this building discovered that they were in quarters equal to those provided by the best hotels in the country. The delegates found without exception pleasant accom- modations, which were supplied not only in Willard Straight Hall, but in the various dormitories, all of them most pleasantly located and furnished. The first general session was held in the great auditorium of Bailey Hall, too large even for so great a gathering. The subsequent gen- eral sessions were held in the large auditorium of Baker Laboratory, not as large as Bailey Hall, but equal to the needs of the Congress. The sections met in various rooms of the Baker Laboratory and Rockefeller Hall. Dr. L. O. Howard, who for decades has been the head of the Bureau of Entomology in the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, but who has just relinquished many of the burdens of his post to his successor. Dr. C. L. Marlatt, presided with great dignity and grace at the opening session on Monday, August 13th, and at the closing session on the afternoon of August 17th. It fell to the lot of the Editor of the Annals to preside at the general session held on August 14th. There was no general session held on August 15th, the .1 Editorial Notes. 7 Congress adjourning on that day to the New York Agricultural Ex- periment Station at Geneva, whither they were conveyed by special train. On August i6th Prof. Filippo Silvestri of Naples, presided. Many sectional sessions were held in various University halls where specialists discussed those subjects in which they are most interested. A large series of valuable papers were read both at the general and at sectional meetings, which will be published in the “Proceedings” of the Congress, shortly to be issued. The attendance of delegates from foreign lands was in view of all the circumstances quite remarkable. At the first International Entomological Congress held at Brussels in August 1910, the only American countries represented at that great gathering, were Argen- tine, represented by Prof. F. Lahille, Canada represented by the late H. H. Lyman, and the United States represented by Prof. Herbert Osborn, Dr. Henry Skinner, and the writer. So, at the first Congress there were but five delegates from the Western Hemisphere. At first it seemed doubtful whether foreign lands could be induced to send delegates to America. An appeal was made to the Carnegie Endow- ment for Promoting International Peace and Goodwill for an ap- propriation to aid a number of foreign entomologists to make the journey across the Atlantic. This request was generously met. The effect of this gift was not merely to provide means for the transporta- tion of a limited number of men distinguished for their scientific attainments, but poor in purse; but it stimulated many of the Euro- pean governments to appoint or provide for the expenses of delegates officially representing them. Some of these governments appointed their consuls resident in the United States, others sent delegates directly from the various museums and departments of agriculture under their control. There were a number of men of means who came at their own charge. The result was that about forty nationalities, besides the United States, were represented at the Congress. There were representatives from as far off as Japan, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, Egypt, and the East Indies, thirt^^-nine states of the American Union, and Hawaii and Porto Rico. The South and Central American countries represented were Guatemala and Mexico, as well as several others through their consuls. Numerous excursions in the vicinity of Ithaca were provided. On the 15th, as already stated, the entire Congress went for the day to Geneva, New York, to inspect the New York State Agricultural Station. On the afternoon of the 14th 8 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. the Congress adjourned about the middle of the afternoon and re- paired to Taughannock Glen and Cascade, where, after inspecting the falls, they assembled on the border of Lake Cayuga and picnicked. After the evening meal they were entertained by members of the Onondaga tribe of Indians, who, standing on an elevated platform, sang the songs of their people and danced in Indian costume. Ap- propriate explanations of Indian life and customs as well as the story of the Indian tribes on the continent were briefly given in English by one of the members of the Faculty of Cornell belonging to the De- partment of Ethnology. All this was very much to the edification of those from foreign lands. Excursions were provided for those who wished to visit Chicago by way of Niagara. The excursion which seemed to most interest the foreign visitors was that planned to go by special cars to Niagara, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Washington, Phila- delphia, and New York, with a detour to Boston for those who wished to visit that city. In the early morning of August 20th about forty foreign delegates, representing sixteen different nationalities, arrived in Pittsburgh, They were met at the B. & O. R. R. Station by a Committee headed by Mr. A. S. Coggeshall and taken to the University Club, where Dr. Avinoff had arranged that they should find headquarters. The forenoon was mainly devoted to a tour of inspection through the different Departments of the Institute and the Library. As- tonishment at the beauty of the galleries and the perfection of the means of service was frequently expressed. Luncheon was provided in the Cafetaria. The early part of the afternoon was taken up by a ride through the parks, giving glimpses of the great manufacturing establishments along the rivers, through the heart of the old city, and on and up to Mt. Washington, where a birds-eye view of the entire city was obtained. The party then returned to the Museum, where the latter part of the afternoon was spent by most of the visitors in examining the great collections in the Entomological Laboratory. In the evening our visitors and a number of their Pittsburgh ac- quaintances were entertained at dinner by the Director Emeritus of the Museum, who deeply regretted that his efforts over the telephone to assemble a larger company had failed, because of the absence from town of many, whom he attempted to invite. THE GUESTS AS SEATED AT THE DINNER GIVEN AT THE UNIVERSITY CLUB PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, BY DR. W. J. HOLLAND, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTOMOLOGICAL CONGRESSES, AUGUST 20th, 1928, 7 P. M. M . •S s z 3 ^ . ' (u.ti 03 c cuxl -I. II c 5 o > rt’S B D ° S G w to .22 u E3) 0 s CO § ,2 0 ^ c ^ ^ 1*- 03 C G u 03 03 CO 0) 3 2 S 0 CO G Gi 'u G T3 0 < K ■3 03 bo 0 03 G (3 2 Mr. 0. A. Carnegie Mr. R. B: Carnegie Prof. Dr. Katjkov, Applied Z Leningrac Dr. P. 1. Dep’t. Ag Moscow. 03^ |i Sp^ •pUB{0(J ‘MBSJByVV •Aiufi puB ‘-jSv ‘RSMopaia 'H 'JQ ’JO-id •IsadBpng ‘’^os ’lua jbASbj^ ‘Bpaj^s -jq 03 5! >1 OJ CJ •" CO q5 M „ ^3 ^ G >. . G l fc • 03 u s s l-( 'H w) ’WD <3; M ^ >» a >b Js's ^ QSo, >. 03 G o3 id *2 *3 ^ ^ gc8:2 C 2 QWCQ gG .2 Ph M M CO Su > 2 c S 2 o c 3g: ^28 *7 — -C U i^r- cjTD Ih G QZ id >! -2 "m to .2 2 Q;2s I o i I- o; QQ'o ► ^ .S® ‘S - fcS 3i W c id G QZ CO G iS -2 ’g'c o;.G g.g •O to SK •BuuaxA ‘‘DOS •:>oa -{ooz ‘aaSupjajjiaH ‘d 'JQ •puB^uxa JO •j.AOQ SuTjuasajdaj ‘sbibbs -fj -jq 'aj— . 2 G Gfi, P^.C to' 2 . 2 G G CO QJ 3 Wl CO C 3 Oj C i5 3 cti cd - OC) G H-l to ® 2 > 3) ^ G 73 03 .‘So o'oG, • K 03 2 ^ Mr. Car 3 G cucSh S-GuS Pu Q^p: J 0 G 0 C o; F ‘c^ CO P.2 . OT , ; b 3 Mr. F. M. Secretary Fund Com • M c V id is • G bo C.O G id P^J Mrs. F Pittsbi Mr. 0. Londoi Miss E Secrets Emerit seum. c2 tdK id >• 3 o ^P^ Dr. H. C. Efflatoun Bey, Ministry Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt. Miss Elizabeth Skwarra, Kultus Ministerium, Berlin. Dr. Andrey Avinoff, Director Carnegie Museum. Prof. Rimsky- Korsakov, Univ. of Leningrad. Capt. N. D. Riley, British Museum, London. Dr. Geo. H. Clapp, Chairman Committee of Trustees, Carnegie Mu- seum. Prof. Dr. E. L. Bouvier, Ministry Public Instruc, Paris, France. Dr. W. J. Holland. Dr. C. Bolivar y Pieltain, Museo Nacional, Madrid, Spain. Chancellor J. G. Bowman, University of Pittsburgh. Prof. L. E. S. Eastham, Cambridge University, England. Prof. W. Roepke, Wageningen, Rep. Gov’t of Netherlands. Dr. Alfons Dampf, Federal Bureau Agricul- ture, Mexico. Dr. E. Gridelli, Genoa, Rep. Civic Mu- seum, Genoa, and Entom. Soc. of Italy. Dr. M. Thomsen, Copenhagen, Royal Veter- inary and Agricultural Col- lege of Denmark. I. TESTIMONIAL TO DR. HOLLAND ON HIS EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY. By a. Avinoff. (Plate I.) The Eightieth Birthday of our Director Emeritus, Dr. William J. Holland, found him in the best of health and amidst the most con- genial surroundings. He was at the time in the company of the largest assemblage of entomologists which has ever convened on this old globe. His birthday, the Sixteenth of August, fell in the middle of the week, during which the Fourth International Congress of Entomologists was in session at Ithaca, New York. Upon the motion of Dr. Karl Jordan, of England, the Congress by acclamation elected Dr. Holland an Honorary Life Member of the Congresses, the first of which he helped to organize. Dr. Holland shares this exceptional honor, which is very rarely conferred, with but two other Americans. Dr. Holland took an active part in the proceedings of the Congress, presiding on Tuesday, the 14th, over the general session, participating in the deliberations of the Committee on Nomenclature; on the i6th reading a paper on “The Mutual Relations of Museums and Special- ists;’’ and on the i8th upon “Types.’’ On the evening of the i6th a testimonial dinner was arranged by some of the closest friends and admirers of Dr. Holland. Dr. L. O. Howard, the former Chief of the Bureau of Entomology in Washing- ton, President of the Congress, and Dr. Karl Jordan, Permanent Secretary, with their daughters, were present, together with several representatives from the leading foreign museums. The entomolo- gists from Pittsburgh participated in the dinner. The Director of the Carnegie Museum, after the birthday candles had been blown out, and the birthday cake cut, on behalf of the Staff of the Car- negie Museum and the Trustees of the Institute forming the Committee on the Museum, read the address, which is engrossed on the testimonial, as follows: 11 12 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. ‘‘The Carnegie Museum, created by you and brought largely by your efforts to its present high standard of scientific merit and edu- cational efficiency, salutes you cordially and devotedly on your Eightieth Birthday. We are proud of your achievements and leader- ship in so many fields during these years of fruitful and diligent work. As Minister of the Gospel you have always closely interwoven your life with that of the Church, and you have consecrated yourself whole-heartedly to the study of the wondrous realm of Nature. Your place in the forefront of Science is worthily and universally recognized. You are eminently identified with the cause of Education. You have contributed generously and enduringly to the progress of our Com- munity. Your attainments are blossoming richly in the ripe age of your life, when the anniversary of your fourscore years finds you as active and vigorous as ever, engaged in the numerous absorbing tasks, which are the joy of your life and the inspiration of your friends, admirers, and collaborators. As a widely renowned scientist and educator, as an accomplished man of letters, as a prominent church- man and citizen, you have been honored with many just tributes on the part of civic bodies and seats of higher learning in this country and in foreign lands. In trusting that you may be spared for many, many, useful years to come, we shall continue as ever to hold your name, not only high in our unanimous and profound esteem, but deep and secure in our hearts. Long live our respected and beloved Dean!” The parchment was entirely prepared by the members of the Staff of the Museum. The beautiful Gothic lettering was executed by Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, and the writer made the illuminations on the borders. These attempt to illustrate some of the numerous achieve- ments of Dr. Holland in the great variety of fields in which he has worked. On the margins are depicted representative forms of the various animals, living and extinct, which have been described by Dr. Holland, as well as many plants and animals of various orders which bear his name, having been described and named by other authors in his honor. The decorations also allude to the many public honors which have been awarded to Dr. Holland, including his hono- rary degrees from foreign and American universities and the orders of chivalry given him by foreign governments in recognition of his signal services to science. During the Congress, besides the Dean of our institution. Dr. Holland, and the Director, the Carnegie Museum was represented by the Curator of Entomology, Dr. Hugo Kahl. On the Twentieth of August about forty members of the Congress ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX, Plate I. XWii'/. hr aOdTOR HOLLHnsI bq q0m to itg |fi?«#tfnt of^riimtiiv mfvitafii s^ofatusnal 4\^mn.t%^sMf5 t|TO-*- cci»a!s.ilrj an5 dfttotfdb, on notre CD^^virtb mt - of goOT wlnftj?me«l9‘ an& In 00 mang pf dwitt^g tl)«^^- 4 toOTli, JC^ of ti)f l)8»w 8tew|4cb|(«in ndfPiiwsWn ^ %at of % an'^ ^ l3aJ» fon/s'rpatfd ijow^ tohob to tf tl)» toon^oo^ «aim of II«tW8.If7awplar« in,ti)» foftffWnt of and vni.--'" "OJij^aU^- ■»«o3nij#d,3P'ot> m? smiwrd'ltj i&enttfi»|j toit^ cai?^« of €K>»fation,..p'c® tont»ilwtftb yns^troj^lq anS ««.&wingl^ to t^s of ou»t>S af e'oft*, ?ngaj^ intS;)* mmmm^ tobkl) mi tbf joig «f '^w lif« anb tb» in#bstwn of fevfnb;?, anb coliabosntov, Jia a toikh) ¥?noton(?d |lf i?ntl^ anb »&ncatoi?, an tiffonv man of as a n-gomiwnt tbwd)miin anb fitijfn,, -gou Ijab# b«»n ^onowb tsitl) man-q on tl)J |Wt cf cihk bobb^ atib of b»3b^ IfRTOwg intbiji covnt^ anb iafowi^n land^.la tw^ingt^t igou niftij be ;0!pa?(?b fw ttwn^. mang,i)8ffBl giaif^g! to comf,te» ^ball fontinno a;^; ob«¥ to bold i)ow namo, not onlq m oo» vnanimoo^ anbpi^ownb i^teem, bot bes^ anb 0ea>M in ow^ .I/on§ b'te> 000 anb btbbeb 9oani ^ da^w^ii? ffl.usi^utn Staff df tl)# 4 Testimonial presented to Dr. W. J. Holland on his Eightieth Birthday, Aug. i6, 1928 Avinoff: Testimonial to Dr. W. J. Holland. 13 representing sixteen foreign lands, came to Pittsburgh and spent an enjoyable day studying our collections and making a sight-seeing tour of our city. In the evening they were entertained at dinner in the University Club by Dr. Holland. Many representatives of the Museum and the University were present and many who had been invited could not come being absent from the city. Speeches in many languages were made, including an address of welcome by Dr. Holland in Latin, the lingua universalis of science. This function ended a memorable day for our guests of honor. ' v'i'4>:'ii'«-v../4)H',, , .♦;j5iA..i. '/r'JiA'Lk 'u II. THE ARGYNNIDS OF THE NOKOMIS-GROUP. By W. J. Holland. (Plate II) In April, 1862, William H. Edwards described an Argynnis to which he applied the specific name nokomis {Cf. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada, XIV, p. 221). His description was founded upon a male specimen. He says “the female I have not seen.” He gives as the habitat of the species “Rocky Mountains and Mountains of Cali- fornia.” In the year 1868 he began the publication in parts of his great work, “The Butterflies of North America.” The original edition of the first volume, which consisted of ten parts and a sup- plementary part, was issued by The American Entomological Society. The title-page of Vol. I is as follows: THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA BY WM. H. EDWARDS. MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY (First Series) PHILADELPHIA THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1868-1872 The first cover-page of the first part issued bears the following: 15 16 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Price $2.00 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA WITH COLORED DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS BY WM. H. EDWARDS. PHILADELPHIA THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY April, 1868. This first part contained five plates and accompanying text, repre- senting five species of Argynnis: A. diana, A. cybele, A. aphrodite, A. nokomis, and A. atlantis. The first four plates bear the signature of D. Wiest, by whom the figures were drawn. The fifth plate does not bear the signature of the artist, but it may also have been drawn by Wiest; if not by him, by Mary Peart. The plates in the nine fol- lowing parts and the supplementary part were all executed by Mrs. Peart. Part 10 was issued in July, 1872. The front cover-page of this part does not differ in any respect from that of Part I, except that the price printed in the upper right hand corner is “$2.50” to which figure all but the first two parts had been raised with the issue of Part 3 in December, 1868. The back cover-page of Part 10 bears the following: “NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS “It was intended to issue the new plates of Argynnis Diana and Leto with Part 10, according to notice heretofore given. But within the last two months specimens of Argynnis Nokomis, of both sexes, have been received from Arizona, and the female being remarkable for its coloration, belonging to the same group with Leto, and in some re- spects resembling Diana, it was deemed of importance to redraw the plate. Therefore it was concluded to deliver this Part immediately, and as soon as possible follow it with a supplementary number, con- Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 17 taining the plate of Nokomis furnished gratis to each subscriber, and the other two to such as have ordered them. The title page and Index will then also be given.” The supplementary part appeared in November, 1872, and con- tained plates of Argynnis diana and Argynnis nokomis drawn by Mrs. Peart, intended to replace the plates of these species originally figured by D. Wiest, and a plate of A. leto originally drawn by Mrs. Peart, but in which the female represented a worn and rubbed specimen. The first plate of A. leto had been issued in Part 4, in April, 1869. The text issued with these plates was slightly revised and modified to meet the circumstances. The plate entitled “Argynnis IV,” in the Supplementary Part represents both the upper and under sides of both sexes of what Edwards regarded as his species nokomis, based upon “five cT", 2 9, brought from Arizona by the Exploring Expedition under Lieut. Wheeler in 1871, but with no further intimation of their locality.” Three of these males and the two females labelled “Arizona” still re- main in the Collection of William H. Edwards, as I received it from him. Two of the males he may have parted with in exchange, or by gift, before I bought his collection. At later dates he received speci- mens of the same butterfly from southern Utah. These are labelled “A. nokomis” in his familiar handwriting. There are altogether nine specimens of A. nokomis, males and females, labelled by Edwards, in the long series which I possess, and agreeing with the description, which he published in 1862, except for a slight discrepancy, of which I shall speak later, and also agreeing with the redescription and the plate by Mrs. Peart, which was issued by Edwards in 1872. In ad- dition to these specimens labelled by W. H. Edwards, I have others from Arizona collected by Morrison, and a number from California, collected by the late W. G. Wright, and purchased by me from him. In 1874, two years after the publication of his revised and com- pleted description of A. nokomis, accompanied by the plate by Mrs. Peart, showing the upper and under sides of both sexes of that species, and eleven years after he had published his first description of A. nokomis, W. H. Edwards published his first description of A. 7titocris (Cf. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 15). The type of this species is a male. Edwards in speaking of it says that his description is based upon “one male, taken at White Mountains, Arizona, by Lieut. Henshaw of the Exploring Expedition under Lieut. Wheeler, August, 18 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 1873.” This specimen he figured in The Butterflies of North America, Vol. Ill, 1887, “Argynnis, PI. I,” on which plate he also gives figures of both the upper and under side of the female of the species. In the Butterfly Book, published by me in 1898, Plate XIV, fig. 4, I gave a representation of the under side of this identical specimen, the “type,” produced by color-photography. Any student can see at a glance by comparing the plates of A. nokomis and of A. nitocris given by Edwards, and the figure of the type of A. nitocris in The Butterfly Book, that the two species, nokomis and nitocris, are, as species among the Argynnids run, quite distinct, though related to each other. They belong to a group, to which A. leto Edwards and A. cceriilescens Holland also belong. In 1918, fifty-six years after W. H. Edwards had published his original description of A. ?iokomis, forty-six years after Edwards had published a revised description of that species, accompanied by a most faithfully executed plate, showing both sides of the two sexes of the species, and thirty-one years after Edwards had given a magnificently accurate plate of A. nitocris, my good friend, the late Dr. Skinner of Philadelphia, came across some rejected and cancelled plates of A. nokomis, which Edwards had not used and had failed to have de- stroyed. On the strength of these and the discrepancy between the first and second descriptions of A. nokomis published by Edwards Dr. Skinner reached the conclusion: 1st. That the original description of A. nokomis refers to the insect at a later date named A. nitocris by Edwards; 2nd, that A. nitocris is a synonym of A. nokomis] 3rd, that in consequence the butterfly named and figured as A. . nokomis by Edwards was without a name. Dr. Skinner accordingly proceeded to rebaptize A. nokomis of Edwards as A. apacheana Skinner. He sent a pair to the late Charles Oberthtir of Rennes, who figured the insect in his Lepidopterologie Comparee, Ease. XXI, 1923, p. 160, PI. DLXX, figs. 4811 and 4812. The figures given by Ober- thiir are rather gaudily colored, showing on the under side of the male an excess of green, and in this respect differing not only from all specimens in the Edwards Collection, but also from the specimen in Skinner’s Collection, which he has labelled as the “type” of A. apacheana, and which I have recently critically examined. Oberthiir’s artist probably did the coloring “by prescription.” Comstock in his Lepidoptera of California, has followed Skinner in calling A. nokomis Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 19 of Edwards A. apacheana Skinner, and so have Barnes & Benjamin, the compilers of the most recently published check-list. Winn in The Entomological News, Vol. XXX, 1919, pp. 156-159, raised the question whether an examination of the original issues of Edwards’ The Butterflies of North America, if still in existence, might not throw light upon the subject of the identity of A. nokomis and A. nitocris, which had been affirmed by Skinner. To the queries raised by Winn Dr. Skinner replied in effect that he could throw no light upon the matter beyond what he had already stated in his article in which he had re-baptized A. nokomis Edwards as A. apacheana Skinner. The recent perusal of Winn’s queries and Dr. Skinner’s reply thereto led the writer to make an investigation for the purpose of ascertaining whether he could find copies of the original Part I of Edwards’ Butterflies containing the first plate of A. nokomis issued in April, 1868, in which he had figured the “type,” the only specimen Edwards had, when he caused the plate to be executed.^ To his great delight he found that his colleague. Dr. Avinoff, has in his possession a copy of the first volume of The Butterflies of North America, which once was the property of R. L. Walker, as the book- plate shows. Dr. Avinoff purchased it in London a number of years ago. The plate “Argynnis IV” is a colored figure of the male type of the species, made by Wiest. On Plate II, accompanying this article, in figs. I and 2 I give photographic reproductions of the right side of the type of A. nokomis, as shown in Wiest’s original colored drawing given in Walker’s copy; I also give (fig. 3) a photographic representation of Mrs. Peart’s drawing of the under side of the male of A. nokomis, as it appeared in the supplementary part of Vol. I of Edwards’ work, and as it appears in all the subsequent editions, which were at first issued by the firm of Ihird and Houghton of Boston, and then by the suc- cessors of that firm, Messrs. Houghton, Osgood, and Company and Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin, and Company. These gentlemen, to whom Edwards transferred the publication of his work after the issue of the “First Series,” or volume, by The American Entomological Society, reprinted in 1879 the whole of Vol. I, and subsequently ^That the insect delineated by Wiest was the type is proved by Edwards himself, who says: “The original specimen from which the description of the species was drawn was received by me in 1862 through the Smithsonian and was labeled ‘Bitter Root Mountains.’ Until the present year (1872) it has been an unique in my collection, and, so far as I know, not found in any other.” 20 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. printed and published Vols. II and III. In the reprint of Vol. I by Houghton, Osgood, and Company, in 1879 the plates issued in the supplementary part of that volume by the American Entomological Society are substituted for the plates, which Edwards had discarded. These plates are therefore authoritative. They furnish the final con- cept in the form of illustration of what Edwards regarded the species A. diana, A. nokomis, and A. leto to be in life. Now at this point, if the reader will consult Plate II of the present article, and will carefully compare Fig. 2 (Wiest’s colored figure of the underside of the type of A. nokomis Edw. as shown in Walker’s copy of the first issue of the plate) with fig. 3 (Mrs. Peart’s colored drawing of the under side of the male of the same species) he will find that the two figures are practically identical in all their markings and tones, the differences being so slight as only to be detected by a critical eye, and being scientifically of no moment whatever. In the supplementary part of Vol. I in the text dealing with A. nokomis Edwards speaks in pointed terms of the difficulties he had encountered in finding competent colorists. He also states that all subsequent plates will be executed by Mrs. Mary Peart. The exist- ence in the Library of the American Entomological Society of a large number of rejected plates, furnishes eloquent testimony to the trials which Edwards must have undergone in his first attempt to secure accurately colored plates for the early issues of his now famous book. Through the kindness of Mr. R. C. Williams, Jr., I am in possession of one of these discarded plates. It differs from the plate which is found in Walker’s copy, now in the library of Dr. A. Avinoff, in that the extreme outer margin of the hind wing on the under side has been colored deep red, and the median and basal areas are blotched with dark irregular pinkish red markings, which, so far as I know, have never been found on any specimen of A. nokomis, and which do not in the slightest degree suggest the under side of the wings of A . nitocris, which are solidly dark ferruginous in their ground-color from the base to the outer margin of the median row of silvery spots ( Cf. PI. II, figs. 5 and 6). Edwards apparently did not succeed in prevent- ing some of the erroneously colored plates from getting into circulation. Through the kindness of Dr. Sweet, Librarian of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, I have had in my hands their copy of Vol. I of The Butterflies of North America for examination and study. In this copy the rejected plates have been bound in with Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 21 the approved plates. The plate of A. nokomis in the copy at Cam- bridge is like the copy of the rejected plate, which I received from Mr. Williams, with slight variations. The outer border (not the ‘Tind border”) of the under side of the wing of the male is painted even deeper red, and the dark patches of color, which differ somewhat in outline from those in the plate received from Mr. Williams, are even darker than in the latter plate, agreeing neither with Edwards’ original description, nor with anything I have ever seen in nature, nor with the original contained in Walker’s copy a photograph of which is given in Plate I. My inquiries as to original copies of Edwards’ work issued by The American Entomological Society were addressed, among others, to the Librarian of Congress. Under date of July 5, 1928, I received an answer, from which I quote as follows: “According to a report from Mr. Roberts, the Superintendent of the Reading Room, the Library of Congress appears to have no copy of the American Entomological Society’s issue of the first series of Edwards’ work. Neither has he been able to locate copies in the Union Catalogue of the larger libraries of the country, the Depart- ment of Agriculture Library, nor the Smithsonian Institution Library. “The Superintendent has been informed that Mr. Harrison G. Dyar, of the United States National Museum, owns a copy of what he thinks is the first issue of the first series.” Dr. Dyar writes me that the copy of the First Volume of Edwards’ work in his possession does not contain Wiest’s original plate, “Argy- nnis No. IV,” but only the plate executed by Mrs. Peart, and issued as a substitute in November, 1872. In this respect Dr. Dyar’s copy agrees with the original in the New York Public Library, which I have examined, and which only preserves Wiest’s plate of A. diana bound in with Mrs. Peart’s plate of that species and her revised plate of A. leto. Wiest’s plate of A. nokomis is missing. The only imprint is that of the American Entomological Society in this copy. In the library of the American Museum of Natural History in New York there is preserved a copy of the issues of the First Series (Vol. I) of Edwards’ work in which the original plates are bound in with the substituted plates, and in which the original wrappers of the parts, as issued, are likewise preserved. I am greatly indebted to Miss Ida R. Hood, the Acting Curator of Books and Publications for transcripts of these wrappers, and other valuable information, which she has 22 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. most kindly given me, some portions of which I shall publish in a note at the end of this paper. (See p. 28). An examination of the plate executed by Wiest representing the male type of A. nokomis in this copy shows that it agrees with the plate in Walker’s copy, and there- fore with the figure given in Mrs. Peart’s revised plate. The weight of evidence drawn from the copies of the first issue of Edwards’ figure of the type of A. nokomis, which are still extant, goes to show that, as it was drawn, then lithographed and printed, before it had been touched by the colorist, it was practically identical in every particular with the figure given in the revised plate issued in November, 1872. Of the colored copies which are extant in published sets, two at least, the one in the American Museum of Natural History and Walker’s copy, agree with Mrs. Peart’s figure of the male both on the under and upper sides. Turning now from a critical examination of the plates, let us take up the original descriptions of A. nokomis and of A. nitocris. Dr. Skinner in his paper published in The Entomological News, XXIX, 1918, pp. 67-68, makes the unqualified statement that “There can be no question that the original description of yiokomis applies to what we know as nitocris, and that therefore nitocris becomes a synonym of nokomis." He states that Mr. R. C. Williams, Jr., had examined the Edwards Collection in Pittsburgh, and that the type of A. nokomis, from the “Bitter Root Mountains’’ could not be found. That statement is correct. No specimen of A. nokomis bearing the locality-label “Bitter Root Mountains’’ was in the Edwards Collec- tion, when I received it. It is not in Washington. Dr. Dyar has searched for it. So far as the lepidoptera of North America are con- cerned, Dr. Dyar writes me: “there is nothing in Washington antedat- ing the Riley Collection.’’ The type specimen has been lost, whether it was lost in the mails, or smashed in the hands of the draftsman, there is no evidence. That it was what we know as A. nokomis, is however proved by a comparison of Walker’s copy and the copy at the American Museum of Natural History with the plate executed by Mrs. Peart, ocular proof of which is submitted in this article (PI. II, figs. 2 and 3). It apparently did not materially differ from the speci- men before Mrs. Peart, and her drawing of the male may even have been made from it. There is only one point at which the original description of A. nokomis by Edwards seems to suggest that an insect somewhat re- Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 23 sembling A. nitocris Edw. was before the author when he penned his description of the former species. It is where he says of A. nokomis “Secondaries cinnamon-brown, somewhat mottled with buff, and having a green tinge next abdominal margin.” In his description of A. nitocris he says: “Secondaries deep ferruginous from base to outer edge of the second row of spots.” Dr. Skinner apparently fixed his eyes upon the two words “cinnamon-brown” and “deep ferruginous” and imagined that he had discovered in their use the fact of identity between the two species. He seems to have entirely lost sight of the fact that Edwards adds to the use of the word “cinnamon-brown” the qualifying words “mottled with buff and having a green tinge next abdominal margin.” The presence of a slightly “green tinge” is characteristic of very fresh specimens of A. nokomis, especially in the female; it is absolutely wanting in all specimens of A. nitocris, which have the ground-color of the basal and median areas solidly and uniformly “deep ferruginous,” very deep rusty brown, “morocco red” (Ridgway) from the base to the outer margin of the second row of silvery spots. This is true of the “type” of A. nitocris, which is before me (See Plate II, figs. 5 and 6). It is not true of the figures of the un- der side of A. nokomis, either in the published or the rejected plates. How my friend. Dr. Skinner, persuaded himself that the original description of A. nokomis is a description of “of what we know as nitocris" is beyond my ken. I am convinced that in this matter he made an error. Edwards in his redescription of the under side of the male published in 1872 substitutes for the words “cinnamon-brown mottled with buff, etc.” the words “Secondaries uniform golden yellow from base to margin.” This description is hardly what I should give. The secondaries are not what I should call “golden yellow,” but pale cinnamon-huff. This is in fact what appears upon Mrs. Peart’s figure, in the copy of Wiest’s plate in the Walker set of the first issue, in the copy in the American Museum of Natural History, as well as in the “type” of A. apacheana, preserved in the Skinner Collection, which does not differ by an iota from the specimens from Arizona in the Edwards Collection, labelled "A. nokomis Type” by Edwards. I am convinced after a full review of everything, which has been said upon the subject: I. That Edwards’ description of A. nokomis as having the under side of the hind wing of the male “cinnamon brown, somewhat mottled 24 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. with buff, and having a green tinge next the abdominal margin .... the hind margin yellowish brown” is not descriptive of A. nitocris, which he correctly describes as having the under side of the secondaries in the male “deep ferruginous from the base to the outer edge of the second row of spots.” 2. According to Edwards the only specimen of A. nokomis in his possession until 1872, was the unique type of the male. This he caused to be figured by Wiest, and published to the world in 1868. Wiest’s figure of the male, as shown in two of the plates which certainly were published, agrees with the figure given in the substituted plate, which depicts both sexes, and which was drawn by Mrs. Peart, the motive of the author being to show the female as well as the male of the species in the plate he finally sent out to subscribers. A well executed figure is always to be preferred to a verbal description. Oberthiir used to say: “Pas de bonne figure, pas de nom valable.” 3. W. H. Edwards did change his description of the under side of the male of A. nokomis by substituting the words “golden yellow from base to margin” for “cinnamon brown mottled with buff, and having a green tinge next the abdominal margin,” but both descriptions in the light of fact are seen to be infelicitous, and neither of them at all de- scribes A. nitocris. A. nitocris absolutely is not a synonym of A. nokomis, Dr. Skinner to the contrary notwithstanding. Edwards had no specimen of what he called A. nitocris in his hands for eleven years after he had published his first description of A. nokomis, nor for two years after he had given to the world his final description and plates of this species. 3. The act of VV. H. Edwards in redescribing and finely illustrating both sexes of what he considered to be the species which he had named A. nokomis, was a perfectly legitimate procedure and clarified the question as to the identity of the species. If I give a deed to a tract of land to a purchaser, and subsequently discover that in my descrip- tion of the metes and bounds I have made an error, and then give to the purchaser a second supplementary deed, rectifying the imperfect description, any court of justice would recognize the validity, as well as the propriety, of my act. The case in foro entomologico is strictly analogous. The act of Edwards in redescribing and accurately figuring both sexes of his A. nokomis was to settle controversy. His Plate “Argynnis IV” in the supplementary part of the first volume of the Butterflies of North America to my mind is authoritative and Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 25 final, settling for all time what Edwards in the last analysis meant by the name A. nokomis. Subsequently in the U. S. Geographical Survey of the looth Meridian, Vol. V, published by the U. S. Government Printing Office, 1875, Chap. VIII, p. 751, pl.-XXXV, Edwards gives both the upper and lower sides of both sexes of A. nokomis, the male being darker on the upper side than as figured in 1872 in the “Butter- flies of North America.” Otherwise the two plates closely resemble each other. Strecker in Ruffner’s Annual Report, Appendix SS, Government Printing Office, 1873, p. 1849, pi. I, figures the upper and lower side of what he calls “X. nokomis Edwards, 9, aberr.” He, however, made a misidentification. His plate represents the upper and lower side of A. nitocris Edw. 4. I maintain that the application of the new name apacheana by my friend, Dr. Skinner, to A. nokomis upon a surmise, quite imper- fectly substantiated by the finding by him of some plates which Edwards had rejected because they had been wrongly colored, and by the discrepancies which have been pointed out between the first and the revised description by Edwards was a regrettable error. 5. A. apacheana Skinner is a pure synonym for A. nokomis, and I shall so treat it in my forthcoming book upon the butterflies of boreal America. The bibliography and synonymy of the group, or complex, to which A. nokomis belongs, has been worked out by me as carefully as I have had time to undertake the task. It is herewith appended. I. ARGYNNIS LETO Behr. Argynnis leto Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1862, p. 173; W. H. Edwards, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philada., Ill, 1864, p. 435; Butt. N. A., I, PI. Argynnis X, 1869; Kirby, Syn. Cat. Lep., 1871, p. 157; Edwards, Butt. N. A., I, Argynnis PI. X, 1872 (redrawn plate); Scudder, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 1875, p. 259; Edwards, Cat. Diurn. Lep. North of Mexico, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, p. 20; Revised Cat., ibidem, 1884, p. 268; List of Species of Diurn. Lep. North of Mexico, in Appendix to Butt. N. A., II, 1884, p. 3; Skinner, Ent. News, IV, 1893, p. 318 (Queries whether leto is not a western form of A. cybele); Syn. Cat. N. A. Rhopalocera, 1898, p. 5; Holland, Butterfly Book, 1898, p. 105, PI. IX, figs. 5 and 6 (cf and 9); Dyar, List N. A. Lep., 1902, p. 13; Skinner, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX, 1902, p. 36; Wright, Butt. West Coast, 1905, p. 130, PI. XII, figs, no, iioa, b, c, {d' and 9 ); Lehmann, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 407, PI. 26 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 86a; Barnes & McDunnough, Check-list Lep. Bor. Am., 1917, p. 7. Argynnis cybele, var. leto Strecker, Lep. Rhop. and Het., 1875, p. 106; Syn. Cat. Am. Macro-Lep. North of Mexico, Diurnes, 1878, p. III. Dryas leto Barnes & Benjamin, List Diurn. Lep. Bor. Am., 1926, p. II. VARIETAL FORMS. Argynnis leto, var. charlottii Barnes, Canad. Ent., XXIX, 1897, p. 40; Strecker, Ent. News, VIII, 1897, p. 117 (maintains that var. charlottii is a synonym of A. leto) ; Skinner, Syn. Cat. N. A. Rhopah, 1898, p. 5; Cockerell, Univ. Colorado Studies, VII, 1910, p. 126; Barnes & McDunnough, Check-list, 1917, p. 7. Dryas leto, var. charlottii Barnes & Benjamin, Check-list, 1926, P- II- Argynnis leto, ab. letis Wright, Butt. West Coast, 1905, p. 130, PI. XII, fig. Ill; Barnes & McDunnough, Check-list, 1917, p. 7. Dryas leto, ab. letis Barnes & Benjamin, List Diurn. Lep. Bor. Am., 1926, p. II. 2. ARGYNNIS NOKOMIS Edwards. Argynnis nokomis Edwards, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., 1862, p. 221; Butt. N. A., I, Argynnis PI. IV, 1868 (cf type, drawn by D. Wiest) ; Kirby Syn. Cat., 1871, p. 157; Edwards, Butt. N. A., I, Argynnis PI. IV, 1872 (cT and 9 , redrawn plate); Synopsis N. A. Butt., 1872, p. 12; Edwards and Mead, Report Wheeler’s Ex- pedition, V, Zoology, Chap. VIII, 1875, p. 751, PI. XXXV, 9 ; Cat. Diurn. Lep. North of Mexico, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, p. 19; Strecker, Syn. Cat. Macro-Lep. N. A., Diurnes, 1878, p. no; Edwards, Revised Cat., etc., Trans. Am Ent. Soc., VI, 1884, p. 264; List of Species of Diurn. Lep. North of Mexico, Ap- pendix to Butt. N. A., II, 1884, p. 3; Skinner, Syn. Cat. N. A. Rhop., 1898, p. 4; Holland, The Butterfly Book, 1898, p. 104, PI. X, figs. I, 2 (cf and 9 ) ; Dyar, List N. A. Lep., 1902, p. 13 ; Skinner, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX, 1903, p. 36; Wright, Butt. West Coast, 1905, p. 129; Lehmann, in Seitz, Gross-Schnett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 407, PI. 86a; Barnes & McDunnough, Check-list Lep. Bor. Am., 1917, p. 7. A. cybele, var. nokomis Strecker, Lep. Rhop. and Het., 1875, p. 106. A. apacheana Skinner, Ent. News, 1918, p. 67; Oberthiir, Lepi- dopterol. Comparee, Ease. XXI, 1923, p. 160, PI. DLXX, fig. 4911, cf, 4912, 9 ; Comstock, Butt. Cal., 1927, p. 81, PI. 23, figs. 1-3 (cT, and 9 )• Dryas apacheana Barnes & Benjamin, List Diurn. Lep, Bor. Am., 1926, p. II. Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 27 3. ARGYNNIS NITOCRIS Edwards. Argyn^iis nitocris Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, 1874, p. 15; Edwards & Mead, Report Wheeler’s Expedition, V, Zoology, Chap. VIII, 1875, p. 751; Scudder, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 1875, p. 259; Edwards, Cat. Diurn. Lep. N. A. North of Mexico, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1876, p. 20; Strecker, Syn. Cat. Macro- Lep. N. A., Diurnes, 1878, p. iii; Edwards, Revised Cat. etc., ibidem, 1884, p. 268; Butt. N. A., Ill, Argynnis, PI. I, 1887, (cT and 9, types); Skinner, Syn. Cat. N. A. Rhopal., 1898, p. 5; Holland, Butt. Book, 1898, p. 105, PI. XIII, fig. 4, ((T type); Dyar, List N. A. Lep., 1902, p. 13; Skinner, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX, 1903, p. 36; Wright, Butt. West Coast, 1905, p. 129; Lehmann, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, p. 407, PI. 86a; Barnes & Mc- Dunnough, Check-list Lep. Bor. Am., 1917, p. 7; Skinner, Ent. News, XXIX, 1918, pp. 67-68 (errore sinks nokomis as synonym of nitocris)', Winn, Ent. News, XXX, 1919, pp. 156-159; Skinner, l.c., 1919, p. 159. Argynnis nokomis ab. 9 , Strecker, Ruffner’s Report, 1872, p. 1849, PI. I, (Error in identification). Dryas nokomis Barnes & Benjamin, List Diurn. Lep. Bor. Am., 1926, p. II. VARIETAL EORMS. A. nitocris var. nigroccerulea W. P. Cockerell, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 622; W. P. Cockerell, Birds and Nature, XII, 1902, fig’d p. 83; Skinner, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX, 1903, p. 36; Ent. News, XVIII, 1907, p. 318 (Early stages) ; Cockerell, Ent. Record, XXII, 1910, p. 72 (oviposition) ; Lehmann, (as A. nitroccerulea, err. typ.) in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 408; Barnes & Mc- Dunnough, Contrib. to Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., Ill, No. 2, 1916, p. 76 (maintain that nigroccerulea Ckll is “a direct synonym of A. nitocris Edw.”). Paratypes received from Cockerell through Skinner and preserved in Holland Collection seem to confirm accuracy of this view. Barnes & McDunnough, Check-list, 1917, p. 7, { — nitocris Edw.) Dryas nokomis var. nigroccerulea Barnes & Benjamin, List Diurn. Lep. Bor. Am., 1926, p. ii. Argynnis nigroccerulea var. rufescens Cockerell, Ent. Record, 1909, p. 186; Lehmann, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 408. 4. ARGYNNIS CCERULESCENS Holland. Argynnis nitocris var. ccerulescens Holland, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 332; Smith, J. B., Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 449 {A. ccerulescens a valid species, as shown by the genitalia); Skinner, l.c., p. 483; Snyder, Occ. Mem. Chicago Ent. Soc., I, 1900, p. 33; Godman & 28 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Salvin, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhop., II, 1901, p. 675, PI. 112, figs. 15-18, cf, 9 ; Lehmann, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 408; Barnes Sc McDunnough, Cont. to Nat. Hist. N. A. Lep., Ill, No. 2, 1916, p. 74; Check-list Lep. Bor. Am., 1917, p. ii {ccBTulescens, err. typ.). Dryas nokomis var. ccerulescens {sic) Barnes & Banjamin, List Diurn. Lep. Bor. Am., 1926, p. ii. Note. I origilially described this form as a variety of A. nitocris Edw. I am, however, constrained to raise it to specific rank, for though closely allied to A. nitocris, as species run in the genus, it is well en- titled to such rank. It has nothing whatever to do with A. nokomis, as some hundreds of specimens, which have passed through my hands, clearly show. NOTES ON THE DATES OF ISSUE AND THE CONTENTS OF THE SEVERAL PARTS OF VOL. I OF EDWARDS’ BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA. As I have already intimated in the preceding pages, I am greatly indebted to Miss Ida R. Hood, the Acting Curator of Books and Publications in the American Museum of Natural History, for full information as to the copy of Vol. I of Edwards’ Butterflies of North America preserved in the library of that institution. Not only are the original plates, which Edwards requested subscribers to cancel, preserved and bound in with the plates which he later issued, but the covers of all the parts, except the back-covers of parts 5 and 7, are also preserved. VOLUME 1. The “First Series’’ (Vol. I) of the work was originally issued by the American Entomological Society in ten Parts, to which a Supplementary Part was added. The title-page of the completed volume has been already given by me (See p. 15). The next title-page, after Hurd and Houghton had taken over the publica- tion does not differ from the first, except that above the imprint of the American Entomological Society is the name of “Hurd and Houghton, Boston’’. A third printing of the title-page bears the following: “NEW YORK Published by Hurd and Houghton, Cambridge; The Riverside Press. 1874.’’ Holland; Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 29 In 1879 the entire text of Vol. I was reset and re- printed by “Houghton, Osgood and Company, Boston, The Riverside Press.” In 1888 the title- page of Volume I bears the following at the foot of the page: PHILADELPHIA THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1868 — 1872 Text Reprinted BOSTON: HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 1888 In all of the issues by Hurd and Houghton and their successors the plates drawn by Wiest do not appear, but are replaced by the plates issued in the Sup- plementary Part in November, 1872, which were drawn by Mrs. Peart. VOLUME H. The “Second Series” (Vol. II) reflects the changes which took place in the ownership of the Riverside Press. Parts I to VI of this volume bear the im- print of Hurd and Houghton; Parts VII to VHI bear the name of Houghton, Osgood and Company; and Parts IX to XHI were issued by Houghton, Mifflin and Company. Part XIII was issued in 1885. VOLUME HI. All the parts composing this volume were issued from the Riverside Press by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. To this fact I can bear personal testimony, aside from that furnished by the covers of the Parts, as issued, and the title-page of the com- pleted volume. After the completion of Vol. II of his work W. H. Edwards, with whom I had corresponded a great deal, desired to proceed with the publication of a third volume, and so wrote me. At one time a man 30 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. of considerable Avealth and the owner of large bodies of land in West Virginia, which he had inherited, his relations with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, of which he was a Director, had led him into financial embarrassment. The circumstances of his embarrass- ment were most honorable to him, for his losses were sustained by him as a result of a valiant effort on the part of himself and his associates to keep the railroad property from bankruptcy. Had he succeeded, and thus retained possession of his inherited estate until later and more propitious times, he would have be- come one of the wealthiest men of his state, indeed of America. He told me of his desire to bring out the third volume of his work, and intimated to me that in order to do so he was about to propose to the Trustees of the British Museum the purchase of his collection, as they had not long before bought the collection of the moths of America made by A. R. Grote. Every American lepidopterist had come to realize the im- mense discomfort to which the sale of Grote’s Col- lection had brought them. It is “a bit uncomforta- ble” for a student, who wishes to examine the “type” of a species, to have to make a journey from his home to Boston, New York, Washington, Pittsburgh, Chicago, or Los Angeles, but to have to make a trans-atlantic voyage is too much, whenever one is in doubt as to the name of a moth or a bug. Ac- cordingly I wrote to Mr. Edwards and suggested to him that his great collection ought to be kept in the United States, and asked whether, if his terms were within my reach, he would not regard the cash com- ing from my pocket as useful as that of my British friends. The upshot of the matter was that he proposed to me, that, if I would pay the bills of the artist, Mrs. Peart, of the lithographers, the colorists, the printers, etc. etc., as they should become due, he would turn over his entire collection to me, and as “hand-money” immediately send me all his Hes- periidcB, the study of which he no longer intended to Holland: Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. 31 pursue. So it came about that the Edwards Col- lection is in Pittsburgh, and that I have a sheaf of cancelled checks, many of them indorsed by Hough- ton, Mifflin and Company, attesting to my fidelity in carrying out my part of the contract. THE DATES OF THE ISSUE OF THE PARTS OF VOLUME I, AND THEIR CONTENTS. The issue of Vol. I gives the following: “Part I. — April, 1868. — Containing Argymiis Diana, A. Cybele, A. Aphrodite, A. Nokomis, A. Atlantis. Part 2. — August, 1868.— Containing Argynnis Callippe, A. Hes- peris, Colias Alexandra, C. Chippewa, {Helena), C. Behrii, C. Christina, Apatiira Alicia. Part 3.- — December, 1868. — Containing Argynnis Monticola, A. Halcyone, Limenitis Proserpina, Lyccena Violacea, L. Lygdamas, Thecla Lceta, T. Acadica. Part 4. — April, 1869. — Containing Argynnis Leto, Colias Eiiry- theme, C. Keewaydin, Limenitis Weidemeyerii, Thecla Ontario, T. Strigosa. Part 5. — December, 1869. — ContAmng Argynnis Edwardsii, Colias Eurydice, Linienitis Lorquini, Grapta Fauniis, Lyccena Pseudargiolus, L. Neglecta. Part 6. — June, 1870. — Containing Argynnis Behrensii, A. Zerene, Colias Edwardsii, Anthocaris Reakirtii, A. Cooperii, Limenitis Calif ornica (Bredowii.) Part 7. — January, 1871. — Containing Parnassius Clarius, P. Clodius, Colias Occidentalis, Anthocaris Sara, Melitcea Chalcedon, Paphia Gly cerium. Part. 8.- — August, 1871.- — Containing Neophasia Menapia, Pieris Beckerii, P. Virginiensis, P. Vernalis, Argynnis Ne- vadensis, Grapta Comma, G. Dryas. Part 9. — December, 1871. — Containing Papilio Ajax, var. Walshii, var. Telamonides, var. Marcellus, Grapta lnterrogatio7iis, var. Umhrosa, var. Fahricii. Part 10. — July, 1872. — Containing Parnassius Smintheus, P. Ever- manni, Grapta Satyrus, G. Zephyrus, Colias Meadii, C. Scndderii." There is no mention in the original issue of Vol. I of the Supplemen- tary Part. This bore on the front cover-page of the wrapper the following: 32 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. SEE NOTICE ON LAST PAGE OF COVER Supplementary Part. (Concluding the Volume). THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA BY W. H. EDWARDS Member of the American Entomological Society PHILADELPHIA The American Entomological Society. 1872 The issue of the “Supplementary Part” is first noted in the First Vol- ume as printed by Hurd and Houghton. It actually was distributed to subscribers in November, 1872, but in the volume as printed by Hurd and Houghton, it is cited as follows: “SUPPLEMENT. — January, 1873. — Containing new Plates of Argynnis Diana, A. Nokomis, A. Leto. Supplementary Notes. Index. Synopsis.” * The notice referred to on the front cover-page of the wrapper of the Supplementary Part (See antea) appears on its last page and reads as follows: “NOTICE Volume 1. of the BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA will shortly be published by Messrs. Hurd & Houghton, of New York. Part 2* of Volume 11. will issue from same house about June ist, 1 873,1 and to insure regularity of delivery (quarterly) the several Parts will contain but three or four Plates, the price per Part being at the rate of 50 cents per Plate. Subscriptions to Volume H. will be received by Hurd & Houghton, New York, or E. T. Cresson, Post Office Box 31, Philadelphia. That some idea may be formed of the size of the edition required, it is desirable that subscriber’s names should be sent in early, the subscrip- tion money will not be payable until the Parts are ready for delivery. The general style of the work will be as heretofore, but the Plates and descriptions will not be limited strictly to hitherto unfigured species. W. H. Edwards. November, 1872.” *Corrected in ink from “2” to i. fDid not, however, appear until May, 1874. 34 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11. Fig. I. Photograph of the upper side of the fore wing of the type of A. nokomis Edw. &, from the colored plate executed by D. Wiest contained in the copy of “The Butterflies of North America,’’ originally owned by R. L. Walker and now in the possession of Dr. A. Avinoff. This is one of the original plates issued to an early subscriber in the year 1868, and which was replaced by another plate drawn and colored by Mrs. Mary Peart, and sent gratis to subscribers in the Supplementary Part of Vol. I, issued by the American Entomological Society in November, 1872. Fig. 2. Photograph of the under side of the hind wing of the type of A. nokomis as shown in Wiest’s plate found in the same copy as Fig. i. Fig. 3. Photograph of the underside of the hind wing oi A. nokomis as delineated by Mrs. Peart in the substituted plate issued in November, 1872. It will be observed that there is no appreciable difference between this representa- tion and that shown in Fig. 2. (Slightly enlarged by the photographer). Fig. 4. Upper side of the fore wing of the type of A. nitocris Edw. cf, as delineated by Mrs. Peart in the Third Volume of “The Butterflies of North America.’’ Fig. 5. The under side of the wings of A. nitocris, cf, from an uncolored copy of the drawing of that species executed by Mrs. Mary Peart. Fig. 6. Photograph of the same after having been colored. (Slightly enlarged by the photographer). ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate II For explanation see opposite page. III. NOTES ETPON SOME NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF THE GENUS BRENTHIS. By W. J. Holland. (One figure in text) Being engaged in the study of the butterflies of North America preparatory to the issue of a new and revised edition of “The Butterfly Book,” I am led after going over the species of the genus Brenthis to publish the following notes as preliminary to figuring some of the forms herein described. I. B. myrina (Cram.) Papilio myrina Cramer, Papillons, Exot., I, 1779, p. 141, PI. 189, figs. B, C; Holland, “Butterfly Book,” 1898, PI. XV, fig. i cf; fig. 2, 9, underside-, Do. “Butterfly Guide,” 1915, PI. XVII, fig. i, cf; fig. 2, 9, underside. The locality given by Cramer in his original description is New York: “Men heeftze in Noord-Amerika by Nieuwjork gevangen.” I possess a series of specimens in the collections of W. H. Edwards and Theodore L. Mead taken by these gentlemen at Hunters, N. Y. ; others taken by myself at Saratoga, and various localities in New England, and many from Pennsylvania. All of these agree with the somewhat crude figure given by Cramer and the specimens from New York may be accepted as topotypical. The male figure in “The Butterfly Book” is a specimen from Hunters, New York, from the Edwards Collection; the female, which shows the underside, is a specimen from the same loality selected from the Mead Collection. The male figured in “The Butterfly Guide” is a specimen bred by W. H. Edwards at Coalburgh, W. Va. ; the female is the same specimen shown in “The Butterfly Book,” reversed upon the pin to accom- modate the specimen to the requirements of the plate. In “The Butterfly Guide” the figures are reduced about one-fourth below natural size. In all of these specimens the discal and basal markings of the wings on the upper side are not as heavy as in Cramer’s original drawing and more nearly represent the “general run” of specimens of this species in New England and the Middle States. Occasionally specimens, marked as heavily as shown on Cramer’s plate, are found. I have a couple of such specimens from Hunters, N. Y., and from the 35 36 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. summit of the Allegheny Mountains near Cresson, Pa. The late Dr. Henry Skinner in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. v, calls attention to a pair of abnormal specimens, in which the discal and basal spots are widely black, apparently much more so than in Cramer’s figure. a. B. myj'ina Jennings ce, d' , ab. nov. The tendency to the enlargement of the transverse markings of the wings, which is found in all of the species of the group to which the insect belongs, is strikingly shown in an aberrational form taken by Mrs. O. E. Jennings at Jellicoe, on Thunder Bay, Ontario. The specimen is in the Carnegie Museum, Acc. No. 5921. To this aberra- tion I give the nsime je?iningsce. A brief description follows: cf. Upper side: fore wing, the two spots nearest the base of the wing in the cell are enlarged and fused, forming a large quadrate spot; both of the spots in the cell beyond these are greatly enlarged; the triangular spot near the base between veins i and 2 is greatly en- larged, and developed into a black triangle pointing outwardly; the discal band of dark spots are greatly enlarged, forming an irregular band from the costa to the inner margin; the marginal and sub- marginal series of spots are also enlarged. On the hind wing all of the spots and bands are greatly enlarged and black. Under side: the same increase in the size of all the markings which is seen on the upper side of the wings is repeated on the under side. The general ground-color of the wings is not as bright rufous as is ordinarily the case, but tends to buff. b. B. niyrina terrce-novcB subsp. nov. In the collection of Theodore L. Mead is a series of male specimens taken by him in Newfoundland. These are all characterized by the suffusion of the inner half of both fore and hind wings by fuscous, so that the markings on the wings are obscured. To this form I give the subspecific name terrcB-novce. It is the insular form of B. myrina which is commonly found in New- foundland. c. B. myrina nebraskensis, var. nov. For many years I have had in my possession four specimens, unfortunately all of them males, col- lected for me in Dodge County, Nebraska, by Mr. E. A. Dodge. They are remarkable because of their large size, exceeding in expanse of wing the ordinary run of topotypical specimens by fully 25 pr. ct. The usual expanse of males is as shown in “The Butterfly Book, PI. Holland: North American Species of Brenthis. 37 XV, fig. I,” about one and one-half inches. These specimens are all about two inches in expanse of wing, one of them exceeding two inches in expanse. For this large variety I propose the name ne- hraskensis. d. B. myrina tollandensis Barnes & Benjamin. Of this western form I find that I have two specimens in the Mead Collection, labelled as from "The Middle Park, Colorado.” Mead listed them as Argynnis myrina in his "Report upon the Collections of Diurnal Lepidoptera, &c., U. S. Geog. & Geol. Survey West of the looth Meridian,” Vol. V, Cap. VIII, 1875, p. 756. B. myrina toll- andensis, B. & Benj., as pointed out by the authors, is prevalently lighter in color than topotypical specimens with a tendency to a re- duction in size of the dark markings. We have a specimen from Montana which shows the same characteristics, but it is larger than the specimens from Colorado, which do not exceed in size the average run of eastern specimens. 2. B. euphrosyne (Linnaeus) var. andersoni Dyar. Barnes & Benjamin in their recent Check-list of the Butterflies of Boreal America treat B. andersoni Dyar as a form of B. euphrosyne (Linnaeus). With a long series of B. euphrosyne and of the smaller northern variety, B. fingal Herbst before me, most of the specimens obtained by me from the late Dr. Otto Staudinger, and therefore probably correctly determined, I am inclined to agree with Barnes and Benjamin in their view. The description given by Dyar agrees well with the underside of the specimens of B. euphrosyne, which I have carefully examined, but on the upper side the description of Dyar does not exactly agree with what is known of B. euphrosyne and its varieties from Europe. The latter are all quite dark on the inner third of the wings, especially the hind wing. The form described by Dyar is brighter, and the markings more distinct. 3. B. laurenti Skinner. Barnes and McDunnough sink this as a synonym of B. andersoni Dyar. I have recently examined the type of B. laurenti Skinner and am not at all prepared to regard it as being the same as B. andersoni, but reserve expressing a final opinion until I can more closely compare the types. 4. B. kriemhild Strecker. We have in our possession in the collection of the late George Ehrman a pair labeled "S. kriemhild Strecker,” 38 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. which according to the labels were received from Strecker. They are marked “cotypes,” ‘'Coll. Strecker,” and bear the locality label Utah. Dr. Skinner (The Entomological News, Vol. XXV, p. 324) says: ‘‘It is evident that the female from Utah, which he [Strecker] names in his catalog either has been lost or the sex of the specimen was wrongly determined.” Strecker occasionally sold specimens which were portions of the suite which he had before him when he described the species. This is well known. It is possible that the female, which Skinner speaks of as having been ‘‘lost,” may be the female now in the Ehrman Collection, but I question the accuracy of Ehrman’s label. His correspondence was destroyed before his death and I have no clue by which to unravel the matter. The specimens do not fully agree with the types in Chicago. However all this may be, we have made a comparison of photo- graphs of Strecxer’s types with a long series of B. euphrosyne from Europe, and they reveal no significant differences, except that on the underside of both the fore- and the hind wings the dark marginal and submarginal markings appear to be obsolescent or entirely lost. I am inclined therefore to think that kriemhild should be placed with andersoni as a form of B. euphrosyne. The synonymy would then be as follows: B. euphrosyne (Linnaeus) a. var. kriemhild Strecker. b. var. andersoni Dyar. B. kriemhild Strecker has nothing whatever to do with B. epithore with which Strecker in his original description compared it, and under which it was originally placed as a variety by Skinner in his Synony- mic Catalogue, following Edwards’ Revised Catalogue of Diurn. Lep. &c., 1884, p. 273. It does not belong in the same group with epithore. 5. B. triclaris (Hiibner). Argynnis triclaris Hubner, Exot. Schmett., Bd. II, Tail. 232 (19), figs. 1-4; B. triclaris, var. alticola B. & McD., Holland, Butterfly Book, PI. XV, fig. 3, cf. a. B. triclaris undoubtedly first came into the hands of Hubner through the Moravian missionaries who were settled in Labrador before the middle of the Eighteenth Century, some of whom, as is known to the writer, collected extensively and sent their collections to Germany for study. At a later date Moeschler received a great many insects from Labrador from the Moravian missionaries, as I also did at still later dates. The figure given by Hubner I take to be Holland: North American Species of Brenthis. 39 the figure of a specimen from Labrador. We have in our collections numerous specimens from the eastern coast of Labrador and from western Labrador, that is the eastern shore of Hudson Bay. All these agree well with Hiibner’s figure. The form found in Labrador is, as has already been pointed out by Barnes and MacDunnough, the typical form of B. triclaris. The specimens show considerable varia- tion in the intensity of the silvery markings on the under side, but they are all strongly pronounced, even if they do not always show silvery lustre and are sometimes matt. When I made up the plates for The Butterfly Book, I selected a finely preserved specimen contained in the collection of Theodore L. Mead, which is in my possession, and figured it on the plate above cited. This form, of which we have a long series, collected by Mead in Colorado, and others collected in Albany County, Wyoming, and elsewhere upon the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, was in 1913 named B. triclaris alticola by Barnes and MacDunnough (Con- trib. Lep. N. Am., II, p. 98). Therefore the figure in ‘'The Butterfly Book” is a figure of the varietal form, to which Barnes and Mac- Dunnough gave the above name. It is, as is pointed out by them, characterized by its lighter ground-color, the reduction of the apical and basal dark shading, and by the narrower and more cleanly cut black markings, while the ground-color on the under side is deep cinnamon-brown. We have recently received at the Carnegie Mu- seum a fine set of eleven specimens of B. triclaris alticola taken at Dawson, Yukon Territory, by Mr. J. A. Kusche. b. Another varietal form has been named B. myrina dawsoni by Barnes and MacDunnough (Canad. Entom. XLVHI, 1916, p. 222). Of this form we possess a specimen from Silver Islet near the eastern end of Lake Superior and others from Longue Lac, which is east of Lake Nipigon. They were collected by Mrs. Otto E. Jennings, who accompanied her husband on his botanical exploration to that part of western Ontario. It is, however, worthy of note that some of the specimens collected at Longue Lac are lighter, and agree more nearly with specimens from Labrador, of which the writer has in his col- lection fifty-one specimens and of which the Carnegie Museum also possesses a long series taken in Alaska and on the western side of the Labrador peninsula by various exploring expeditions sent out by the Carnegie Museum. B. myrina dawsoni, B. & McD., can hardly be 40 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. regarded as a local race, but is a melanic form, which turns up in various parts of the area in which B. triclaris occurs. 6. B. alheqiiina sp. nov. Near B. selene (Denis & Schiffermiiller). cf. Upper side: the ground-color of the wings is prevalently a deeper shade of reddish fulvous than is the case in B. myrina (Cramer), which at first glance the species superficially resembles. The reddish marginal lunules which are conspicuous in B. selene (D. & S.), and in B. myrina (Cram.) are only obscurely represented in some specimens, or wholly wanting in others; the marginal border in consequence being broadly black. The forewing at the base of the cell and below the cell from the mesial band of transverse spots inwardly, as well as almost the entire inner half of the hind wing is deeply clouded with dark fuscous, so that the spots and markings toward the base are obscured, much more than is the case in B. selene or typical B. myrina, with long series of specimens of which comparison has been made. The only specimens of any form of B. myrina which I have seen, which show analogous obscuration at the base of the wings, are the specimens from Newfoundland, to which I have given the varietal name terrce-novce, but between the upper and under surfaces of B. myrma terrce-novce and B. alhequina there are such obvious differences that at a glance it is seen that they are not identical. Under side: the fore wings on the under side very closely agree in the location, form, and size of the dark markings with specimens of B. selene from Great Britain and Central Europe, which are before me, but the ground-color toward the apex is paler, passing into pale buff, which is not the case in B. selene, nor in B. myrina. In the latter species the ground-color often is paler toward the apex of the fore wings on the under side, but the paler area is only a lighter shade of the pre- valent bright fulvous, while in B. alheqiihia the transition is to a dull grayish buff. The marginal lunules of the fore wing are bright silvery, as in B. myrina, while in B. selene and its variety hela Stgr. they are whitish yellow with little or no silvery lustre. The dark cinnamon- red apical blotch, which is characteristic of typical B. myrina, is reduced to a pale gray shade, as is the case in B. selene and its variety hela from Lapland. In the variety hela it almost entirely disappears, as is the case in several of the specimens of B. alhequina before me. In none of them is it conspicuous as in B. myrina. The hind wing agrees closely in its markings with B. selene. Between B. selene (D. & S.) and B. myrina (Cram.) there is a notable difference in that Holland: North American Species of Brenthis. 41 the submedian band of small silvery spots, which is continuous in B. myrina as a curved series from the costa to the inner angle of the wing, in B. selene and its variety hela is interrupted about the middle of the wing, no silvery spots being found in the interspaces between veins 4 and 5, and in many individuals between veins 3 and 5. The same is true of B. albequina. Only in one specimen of the seven males before me can a faint trace of a silvery spot be found at the point indicated. The dark cinnamon blotches which are located in B. myrina at the upper and inner angles of the hind wing and which are also sometimes found in B. selene, but never in its variety hela, are not shown in B. albequina, and in this respect the specimens before me agree closely with specimens of hela Stgr. sent me by Staudinger many years ago. The underside of the only female of B. albequina I have almost exactly repeats in this respect the markings of the fe- male specimen of hela Stgr., which is before me. A noticeable feature of the maculation of the hind wing on the underside of B. albequina is the tendency of the silvery spot of the median band which lies just below the cell between veins i and 2 to become subdivided, the inner half of the spot being often greatly reduced in size, or even entirely obliterated being replaced by a black dot. The form of this spot in B. selene, its variety hela, and in B. myrina. Fig. I. Neuration of the hind wings of B. myrina, B. selene, B. hela, and B. alb- equina, sp. nov., showing the form of the silvery marking on the underside of the hind wing in these forms, between the submedian and the lower median veins near the base of the wing. I. B. myrina; 2. B. selene; 3. B. hela; 4. B. albequina, cf; 5. B. alb- equina, cf' ; 6. B. albequina, 9. 42 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. is shown in fig. i and its form in several specimens of B. alhequina is also given. The form of this spot furnishes a good diacritical mark whereby to distinguish B. alhequina from allied species. 9 . The only female in my possession suggests that it may be an aberrational form. In case it should prove to be such, I suggest for it the name alhequina, var haxteri, inasmuch as she, with the seven males, were all taken on White Horse Pass by my correspondent, Mr. W. F. O. Baxter. Upper side: the specimen has a lighter ground-color than the males, being tawny, rather than deep reddish. The dark basal and median markings are apparently much enlarged, and run into each other, except that about the middle of the cell there is a lighter area on which the second spot from the base stands forth conspicuously. The area surrounding this light spot is almost solidly dark brown with the normal markings obscurely revealed as deeply black spots. The outer half of the wing is traversed by a regular series of sub-marginal spots and in this sex the outer black border of the wing has pale tri- angular spots on the interspaces, followed inwardly by blackish sagittate markings. The inner half of the hind wing corresponds in color with the fore-wing, being tawny with the spots black. As in the middle spot of the cell of the fore-wing, the black spot in the middle of the cell of the hind wing is accentuated, by being surrounded by a pale incomplete circlet of the ground-color. The outer half of the hind wing corresponds in color to the same area of the fore wing and has a complete series of rather large and sharply defined submarginal spots. The outer margin is marked precisely as is the outer margin of the fore wing. Under side: the wings agree with the wings of the males already described, but the ground-color is paler inclining at the apex of the fore wing and throughout the hind wing to purplish gray. The spots of the fore wing are dark and well defined, the two spots located between veins i and 2 below the cell being fused and forming an oblong and deep black spot as is also the case in two of the males. The silvery markings on the hind wing consist of four small spots immediately at the base, a quadrate spot near the costa above the cell incised at either end and narrowly defined by black; a moderately large obovate spot over the end of the cell, narrower and pointing outwardly; the spot between veins i and 2 below the cell divided, and composed of two narrow silvery streaks outlined by dark brown; the band of silvery spots succeeding the median band is well interrupted Holland: North American Species of Brenthis. 43 beyond the cell; the submarginal black spots are fairly large and well defined; the silvery marginal spots are triangular in form, surmounted inwardly by deep black sagittate markings. The light area between ve’ns 3 and 5 is pale purplish gray. Expanse of males, 32 — 35 mm.; of female, 41 mm. The foregoing description is based upon eight specimens, seven males and one female, collected at White Horse Pass, Yukon Terri- tory, by Mr. W. F. O. Baxter. Type, d^, 9 allotype, and six cf para- types in Holland Collection. 7. B. polaris (Boisduval). With a good series of B. polaris Bdv. before me from various Euro- pean localities, and a long series from Labrador, I can find no essential difference between the insects from Europe and the eastern portions of the North American Continent. But there is a quite marked and apparently consistent difference between the specimens from Alaska and those from Europe and Labrador. The fdrmer are much lighter on the upper surface with the spots and dark basal suffusion of both wings much reduced giving the upper surface a much brighter appear- ance than is the case in the latter. On the underside there is also a tendency to a lighter coloration and to an enlargement of the silvery spots. This is especially true of specimens from the Yukon region, in which the ground-color of the basal area is not deep maroon as in specimens from Europe and Labrador, but lighter red. This appear- ance seems to be constant. This form I take to be that which Strand has described as B. polaris var. americana. 8. B. improha (Butler). This species has been by some writers treated as a varietal form of frigga. Bryck (Ent. Tidskrift, XLI, 1920, pp. 129-132) has dis- cussed the matter in the light of a male specimen received by him from O. Bang-Haas labelled Argynnis improha. Bryck figures the upper and under side of this specimen. Unfortunately it is not a specimen of B. improha Butler, but a male specimen of B. frigga like dozens of others I have from various parts of the northern regions of America. Dr. Bryck’s figures 2 and 5, p. 130 delineating a speci- men from Tornetrask, Sweden, represents more nearly what we know as B. improha Butler, and the insect is different from what he gives in his figs, i and 4 as improha Butler from North America. The two are not identical. 44 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Gibson (Canadian Arctic Expedition, III, 1922, Part I, Lepi- doptera, PI. V, figs 7 and 8) has given us recognizable figures of the upper side of the male and female of B. improha. On the underside the markings are recognizably different from those of B. frigga. As species run in this genus, Brenthis improha Butler is worthy of being specifically separated from other forms. It ranges nearer the Arctic Circle, than any other nymphalid butterfly, and has been received from Nova Zemlya. 9. B. youngi Holland. This has been sunk as a synonym of B. improha by Barnes and Benjamin in their lately published “List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America.” As I think that neither of my valued friends has seen the type, which unfortunately remains unique in my collection, I am somewhat puzzled at their conclusion. On the upper side the ground-color is bright fulvous on the outer half of both forehand hind wings and not obscurely dark brownish as in B. improha Butl. The dark submarginal and marginal markings stand out in sharp contrast with the light ground-color. On the underside the wings are very pale, the markings very faint, except on the hind wing, where a deep brown narrow curved band of maroon runs from the costa to the middle of the inner margin. It certainly does not agree with any specimen of B. improha I have seen. 10. B. frigga var. lehmanni, nom. nov. B. frigga alaskensis Lehmann, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, pi. 86a. The female type of this species is named and figured by Lehmann in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. d. Erde, V, 1913, p. 424, pi. 86a. Unfortu- nately alaskensis as a subvarietal name is pre-occupied in the genus ( C/. A. pales var. alaskensis HolL, 1900), and I therefore propose the new name lehmanni. I possess fine series of both males and females of this well marked form from the Kuskokwin River and various other parts of Alaska. I propose to figure both sexes in the near future. 11. B. hellona (Fabricius). This well known insect varies greatly in its appearance over its range. From the interior of Labrador we have received a good series of specimens showing the melanic tendency which is so marked in the butterflies of the subarctic and arctic regions in eastern America. I propose to name them in honor of Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, who brought them with him, when he and his associates made the first crossing of Holland: North American Species of Brenthis. 45 Labrador achieved by white men, from Three Rivers, Quebec, to Ungava on Davis Strait. The description follows: a. B. hellona subsp. toddi, subsp. nov. Upperside'. all of the specimens, male and female, are characterized by the fact that both the fore and hind wings, with the exception of the outer submarginal band, are heavily suffused with dark brown, so that the maculation apparent in typical B. hellona is almost lost to the eye; furthermore the marginal spots and those of the next inner row are confluent and thus present the appearance of a heavy dark brown outer border. The fore wings are more suffused with dark color than the hind wings and in one specimen the fore wing is almost solidly dark brown or blackish. Underside: on this side the wings are deeper in color than in the southern races of A. hellona, though the maculations are well preserved in outline and do not show the tendency to fuse and coalesce, which is shown on the upper side. Type U, St. Margarets River, July 5, 1917, C. M. Acc. No. 5968, Todd coll.; allo- type 9, East Main, July 8, 1914, C. M. Acc. No. 5269, Todd coll.; four male paratypes from St. Margarets and Moisie Rivers, Quebec. Melanism often sporadically reveals itself in this species, and we have numerous examples of both sexes in which this phenomenon presents itself. A large series from the region of Lake Nipigon, Ontario, reveals this tendency, but without any coalescence of the marginal markings. The outer edge in these specimens is always bright fulvous except for the marginal and submarginal dots. In eastern Quebec, the interior of Labrador and on the eastern side of Hudson Bay, this dark form seems to constitute a well marked and constant race. I hope shortly to publish colored figures of the types, which are above described. b. B. hellona, ab. pardopsis ab. nov. A rather remarkable aberrant form of B. hellona taken at Grafton, Allegheny County, Pa., is before me. It was captured on Aug. 27, 1921. It is a female. Upperside: pale tawny, shading into darker fulvous toward the base of both wings. The usual markings appear, but all are greatly reduced in size and more or less disconnected and not confluent, thus imparting to the wings a spotted appearance. It has been suggested on this account that the insect should bear the varietal name paradopsis, which appears appropriate. The color and the spots suggest the pelt of a leopard. On the underside the markings are those of a normal specimen of B. hellona in this latitude. \ ARTICLE IV. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM VoL. XIX, September, 1928* 11. LIST OF TYPES OF FISHES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM on September 1, 1928 *The student will observe that the pagination in the following article is double. The first numeral indicates the regular pagination in the volume of the ANNALS in which the list originally appeared; the second numeral in parentheses is the pagination to be employed when these lists shall ultimately be gathered together and bound in a, separate volume. I-NTRODUCTORY. The article here published is the second of those giving lists of the types of animals preserved in the collections of the Carnegie Mu- seum. It enumerates in systematic order the fishes which various authors have named and described, the types of which are contained in the Section of Fishes. There are over five hundred such types. They represent only a small part of the great Collection of Fishes in the Museum, but their value to students of science is very great. They are mainly from South America and from the waters of the western Pacific. Systematic students of the fishes of South America, Hawaii, Formosa, Japan, and Korea will find in them the means of settling questions which in the future may arise as to the identity of species. To Mr. A. W. Henn, the Compiler of the List, great credit is due for his painstaking accuracy and patient arrangement of the cita- tions of the original descriptions. W. J. Holland. September i, 1928. 49 (39) IV. LIST OF TYPES OF RECENT FISHES, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM ON SEPTEMBER i, 1928. By Arthur W. Henn. Class ELASMOBRANCHII. Subclass SELACHIL Order EUSELACHII. Family SCYLLIORHINIDT:. Pristiurus sauteri Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, IV, 1909, p. 160. Type, No. 219; Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Order TECTOSPONDYLI. Family SCYMNORHINIDTi. Squaliolus sarmenti Noronha, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVI, 1926, 385- Type, No. 7976, female, 246 mm., Funchal, Madeira Islands; Noronha. Order BATOIDEI. Family RAJIDTi. Raja hollandi Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 163. Type, No. 224, female, disk 8.25 inches; Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Family DASYATID^. Dasyatis ushiei Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 114. Type No. 7778, male, 988 mm. to tip of tail; Mikawa Bay,, Japan; Ishikawa. Subclass HOLOCEPHALI. Order CHIMiEROIDEI. Family CHIM^RIDT:. Psychichthys eidolon Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 117. Type, No. 7779, female, 1285 mm., off Mishima, Izu, in Sagami Bay, Japan. 51 (41) 52 (42) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Class PISCES. Subclass ACTINOPTERI. Superorder TELEOSTEL (The Bony Fishes). Order ISOSPONDYLI. (The Soft-rayed fishes). Family ALBULID^. Albula virgata Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, 6. Type, No. 3896, 15.75 inches, Honolulu, Hawaii; Jordan or Grinnell. Family CLUPEID.F. Rhinosardinia serrata Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 445. Type, No. 2443, 85 mm.; Morawhanna, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Family ENGRAULID.F. Stolephorus branchiomelas Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. LVI, 1917, 682. Type, No. 7491, 68 mm.; mouth of Rio Dagua, Colombia; Eigenmann. Stolephorus guianensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 447. Type, No. 2448, 38 mm.; Bartica, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Family ALEPOCEPHALIDvE. Alepocephalus umbriceps Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 209. Type, No. 6030, 270 mm.; Aomori, Japan; Jordan. Family SALMONID^. Oncorhynchus adonis Jordan and McGregor, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 127. Type, No. 7784, male, 12.94 inches. Lake Hakone, Sagami, Japan; D. S. Jordan. Oncorhynchus ishikawae Jordan and McGregor, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 132. Type, No. 7786, male, 7 inches; Lake Biwa, Japan; Wakiya. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 53 (43) Oncorhynchus kawamurae Jordan and McGregor, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 128. Type, No. 7785, Lake Toyama, Ugo, Japan; Prof. T. Kawa- mura. Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 137. Type, No. 7794, male, 20.25 inches. Lake Hakone, Sagami, Japan; Jordan. Salvelinus imbrius Jordan and McGregor, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 142. Type, No. 7797, female, 9.25 inches, near Hamada, Iwami, Japan; Ishikawa. Salvelinus timagamiensis Henn and Rinkenbach, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVI, 1925, 131. Type, No. 7969, 10.75 inches. White Pine Lake, Gamble Town- ship, Timagami Forest Reserve, Ontario, Canada; Collectors, Henn and Rinkenbach. Family OSMERIDT:. Spirinchus verecundus Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1913, II. Type, No. 4570, 5.75 inches, Chinnampo, Korea; Jordan. Family MICROSTOMID.E. Nansenia ardesiaca Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 210. Type, No. 6023, 190 mm. Okinose, Sagami Sea, Japan; Jordan. Order APODES. Family CONGRID^E (Leptocephalidae). Leptocephalus ectenurus Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 171. Type, No. 245, Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Family OPHICHTHYIDT:. Ophichthus evermanni Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 172. Type, No. 246, Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Sphagebranchus conklini Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 55- Type, No. 6710, 235 mm. New Providence, Bahamas; Coll. E. G. Conklin. 54 (44) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Family MUR^NID^F:. Gymnothorax leucostigma Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Car- negie Museum, IV, 1909, 174. Type, No. 253, 31 inches, Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Order HETEROGNATHI. Family CHARACINIDT: (Characidje). Subfamily Bivibranchiin^. Bivibranchia protractila Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 259. Type, No. 1873, 115 mrn., Bartica sand-bank, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Curimatin^. Curimatus atratoensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 19. Type, No. 4814, 105 mm., Quibdo, Colombia; Eigenmann. Curimatus issororoensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 266. Type, No. 2119, 104 mm., Issororo, British Guiana; S. E. Shideler. Curimatus metae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 230. Type, No. 3844, 119 mm., Ouebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio, Colombia; Coll. M. Gonzales. Curimatus morawhannae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 266. Type, No. 2122, 90 mm., Morawhanna, British Guiana, S. E. Shideler. Curimatus patiae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 12. Type, No. 5368, 168 mm., Barbacoas, Colombia; Henn and Wilson. Subfamily Prochilodin^. Prochilodus maripicru Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 271. Type, No. 2066, 282 mm., Maripicru Creek, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 55 (45) Subfamily Chilodin^. Tylobronchus maculosus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 272. Type, No. 1923, 113 mm.. Creek below Potaro Landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Hemiodontin^. Apareiodon hasemani Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 75. Type, No. 6587, 75 mm., Pirapora; Haseman. Apareiodon itapicuruensis Eigenmann and Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 72. Type, No. 5804, 78 mm., Rio Paiaia, tributary of Rio Itapi- curu; Haseman. Hemiodus parnaguse Eigenrnann and Henn, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1916, 87. Type, No. 5701, 57 mm., Lagoa de Parnagua; Haseman. Parodon bifasciatus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V. 1912, 274. Type, No. 1925, 104 mm., Maripicru Creek, British Guiana: Eigenmann. Subfamily Nannostomatin^. Archicheir minutus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 190Q, 46. Type, No. 1186, 26 mm., Christianburg, British Guiana: Eigenmann. Characidium blennioides Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI. 1909, 37- Type, No. 1144, 52 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Characidium catenatum Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 40. Type, No. 1153, 38 mm., Warraputa, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Characidium caucanum Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 25. Type, No. 4847, 51 mm., Cali, Colombia; Eigenmann. Characidium laterale Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 36. Type, No. 1141, 37 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. 56 (46) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Characidium pellucidum Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 39. Type, No. 1156, 39 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 26. Type, No. 4851, 68 mm., Paila, Colombia; Eigenmann. Characidium pteroides Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 40. Type, No. 1157, 28 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Characidium vintoni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 36. Type, No. 1142, 76 mm.. Shrimp Creek, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Characidium zebra Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, Type, No. 1151, 52.5 mm., Maripicru Creek, Ireng River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 41. Type, No. 1171, 26 mm., Maduni Creek, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Nannostomus minimus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 42. Type, No. 1165, 21 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Nannostomus simplex Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 42. Type, No. 1167, 25 mm.. Lama Stop-off, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Poecilobrycon auratus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 43. Type, No. 1161, 32 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Poecilobrycon erythrurus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909. 44- Type, No. 1168, 33 mm., Rockstone sand-bank, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Poecilobrycon harrisoni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 43. Type, No. 1160, 55 mm.. Canal at Christianburg, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 57 (47) Poecilobrycon ocellatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 45. Type, No. 1179, 41 mm., Wismar, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Anostomatin^. Anostomus plicatus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 296. Type, No. 1861, 86 mm.. Crab Falls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Leporellus timbore Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 117. Type, No. 3876, (indicated in catalogue of Carnegie Museum), Pirapora, Rio das Velhas, Brazil; Haseman. Leporinodus retropinnis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 116. Type, No. 3875, 230 mm., Piracicaba, Brazil; Haseman. Leporinus alternus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 307- Type, No. 1827, 200 mm., Tukeit, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Leporinus arcus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 300. Type, No. 1832, 206 mm., Tukeit, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Leporinus granti Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 307- Type, No. 1851, 144 mm., Maripicru, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Schizodontopsis laticeps Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 299. Type, No. 1825, 264 mm.. Crab Ealls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Subfamily Crenuchin^. Poecilocharax bovallii Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VT, 1909, 34. Type, No. 1136, male, 43 mm.. Creek at Savannah Landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Cheirodontin^. (Aphyocharacinse). Aphyocharax erythrurus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 313- Type, No. 1879, 57 mm., Rockstone sand-bank, British Guiana; Eigenmann. 58 (48) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Aphyocharax melanotus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 312 = Megalamphodus melmiotus. Type, No. 1877, 43 mm., Rockstone sand-bank, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Aphyocharax paraguayensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1915, 33. Type, No. 6906, 25 mm., Caceres; Haseman. Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1915, 59. Type, No. 6802, 45 mm., Jaquara; Haseman. Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 314. Type, No. 1882, 32 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Bleptonema amazonae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 44 = Prionobrama filigera (Cope). Type, No. 5497, 54 mm., Santarem, Brazil; Haseman. Bleptonema paraguayensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 44 = Prionobrama paraguayensis. Type, No. 5499, 40 mm.. Corumba; Haseman. Cheirodon madeirae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1915, 76. Type, No. 6847, 34 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Cheirodon microdon Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1915, 80. Type, No. 6850, 42 mm., Caceres, Upper Paraguay; Haseman. Cheirodon notomelas Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1915, 74- Type, No. 6812, 35 mm., Miguel Calmone, Tiete basin; Hase- man. Cheirodon parahybae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1915, 70. Type, No. 6841, 38 mm., Campos; Haseman. Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1915, 82. Type, No. 6848, 33 mm., Bebedouro, Rio Grande; Haseman Compsura heterura Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1915, 61. Type, No. 6808, 36 mm., Oueimadas, Rio Itapicuru; Haseman. Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1915, 87. ^ Type, No. 6875, female, 48 mm., Jaguara, Rio Grande into Rio Parana; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 59 (49) Macropsobrycon uruguayanse Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1915, 48. Type, No. 6895, 46 mm., Cacequy; Haseman. Megalamphodus megalopterus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1915, 50. Type, No. 6806, 35 mm., Caceres; Haseman. Megalamphodus micropterus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1915, 54. Type, No. 6900, 30 mm., Lagoa do Porto, Rio San Francisco; Haseman. Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VH, 1915, 56. Type, No. 6910, 37 mm., Maciel, Rio Guapore; Haseman. Odontostilbe hastatus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 27 = Odontostilbe hastata. Type, No. 5103, 40 mm., Soplaviento, Colombia; Eigenmann. Odontostilbe melandetus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum; V, 1912, 312 = Odontostilbe melandeta. Type, No. 1878, 27 mm.. Locality ? British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1915, 57. Type, No. 6898, 39 mm., Jacarehy on Rio Parahyba; Haseman. Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 45. Type, No. 5495, 74 mm., San Antonio de Rio Madeira; Hase- man. Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 2 = Phanagoniates macrolepis (Meek and Hildebrand). Type, No. 5354, 41 mm., Managru, Colombia; C. E. Wilson. Probolodus heterostomus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VHI, 1911, 164. Type, No. 2973, 63 mm., Campos; Haseman. Spintherobolus broccae Myers, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVI, 1925, 143- Type, No. 7979, 23.5 mm., hills behind Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Spintherobolus papilliferus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 167. Type, No. 3582, 41 mm., Alto de Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. 60 (50) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Subfamily Agoniatin^. Agoniates anchovia Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914. 46. Type, No. 5216, 127 mm.. Villa Bella; Haseman. Subfamily Bryconin^.. Brycon henni Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 26. Type, No. 5152, 247 mm., Caldas, Colombia; Eigenmann. Brycon siebenthalae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 372. Type, No. 1819, 204 mm.. Mud Creek, Aruka River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Tetragonopterin^. Astyanax abramoides Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 21. Type, No. 1028, 112 mm., Tumatumari, Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 26. Type, No. 5162, 60 mm., Boquilla, Colombia; Eigenmann. Astyanax bimaculatus novae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 175. Type, no particular specimen designated, one of the series No. 3278, Rio Sapon, Prazeres, Bahia, Brazil; Haseman. Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 23. Type, No. 5052, 58 mm., Raspadura, Colombia; Eigenmann. Astyanax essequibensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 17. Type, No. 1018, 53 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 176. Type, No. 3351, 49 mm., Maciel, Rio Guapore; Haseman. Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 16. Type, No. 1013, 54 mm., Warraputa, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 6i (51) Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 191T 179- Type, No. 3350, 87 mm., Porto Uniao, Rio Iguassii; Haseman. Astyanex hasemani Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 10. Type, No. 5476, 55 mm., Porto Alegre, Colombia; Haseman. Astyanax heterurus Eigenmann and Wilson, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, ii = Astyanax fasciatus heterurus. Type, No. 5392, 50 mm., Rio Truando, Colombo; C. E. Wilson. Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1916, 89. Type, No. 5822, 53 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII 1911, 175. Type, No. 3353, 54 mm., 6 miles from San Luiz de Caceres; Haseman. Astyanax metae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, II. Type, No. 5457, 130 mm., Rio Negro at Villavicencio, Col- ombia; Gonzales. Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 24. Type, No. 5001, 88 mm., Piedra Moler, Colombia; Eigenmann. Astyanax mucronatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 19. Type, No. 1025, 53 mm., Tumatumari, Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Astyanax mutator Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 18. Type, No. 1023, 53 mm.. Savannah Landing, Upper Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 177. Type, No. 3356, 54 mm., Rio Paranahyba; Haseman. Astyanax potaroensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 22. Type, No. 1037, 58 mm., Amatuk Cataract, Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Astyanax ribeirae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 177- Type, No. 3368, 66 mm., Xiririca; Haseman. 62 (52) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 25. Type, No. 4912, 107 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914. 7- Type, No. 5463, 59 mm., Vullavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 7. Type, No. 5465, 57 mm., Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Bryconamericus boquiae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 20 = Hemihrycon boquillce (Eigenmann). Type, No. 5059, 48 mm., to base of caudal, Boquilla, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 17. Type, No. 5031, 80 mm., Piedra Moler, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus chocoensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 14 = Argopleiira chocoensis. Type, No. 5036, 61 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 4. Type, No. 5459, 60 mm., Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Bryconamericus conventus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 13 = Argopleura conventa. Type, No. 5060, 47 mm., Soplaviento, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus decurrens Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 20 = Hemihrycon decurrens (Eigenmann). Type, No. 5055, 57 mm., to base of caudal, Soplaviento, Col- ombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus dentatus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 19 = Hemihrycon dentatus (Eigenmann). Type, No. 5054, 98 mm., Piedra Moler, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 5. Type, No. 5461, 43 mm., Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Bryconamericus diquensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 14 = Argopleura diquensis. Type, No. 5072, 60 mm., Soplaviento, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus henni Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 6 = Phenacohrycon henni (Eigenmann). Type, No. 5410, 48 mm., Vinces, Ecuador; Henn. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 63 (53) Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VT, 1909. 32. Type, No. 1070, 37.5 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus magdalenensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 14 = Argopleura magdalensis. Type, No. 5063, 71 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann and Henn, Indiana University Studies, No. 24, 1914, 234. Type, No. 3568, 56 mm.. Below Cachoeira da Velha near Piabana, Brazil; Haseman. Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 15. Type, No. 5088, 48 mm., Raspadura, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 16. Type, No. 5026, 90 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bryconamericus scopiferus guaytarae Eigenmann and Henn, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 7. Type, No. 5474, 76 mm., Rio Patia at mouth of Rio Guaitara, Colombia; Henn. Bryconamericus tolimae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 18 = Hemihrycon tolimce (Eigenmann). Type, No. 5057, 118 mm., Ibague, Colombia; Eigenmann. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VHI, 191 1, 172. Type, No. 3216, 53 mm.. Villa Bella on Rio Beni; Haseman. Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 10. Type, No. 4887, 61 mm., Piedra Moler, Colombia; Eigenmann. Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 9. Type, No. 4895, 113 mm., Paila, Colombia; Eigenmann. Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 8. Type, No. 4880, 78 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VT, 1909, 30. Type, No. 1067, 44 mm.. Crab Ealls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. 64 (54) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 55 = Hyphessohrycon catahleptus. Type, No. 1198, 18 mm., Tumatumari above the Fall, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Deuterodon acanthogaster Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, Vni, 1911, 179. Type, No. 3395, 54 mm.. Corumba; Haseman. Deuterodon pinnatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 25. Type, No. 1046, 62 mm., Amatuk, Lower Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Deuterodon potaroensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 27. Type, No. 1053, 43 mm., Amatuk, Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 22. Type, No. 4808, 174 mm., Cartago, Colombia; Eigenmann. Hasemania bilineata Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 150. Type, No. 3001, 41 mm., Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. Hasemania maxillaris Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 148. Type, No. 2937, 29 mm., Porto Uniao, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Hasemania melanura Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VHI, 1911, 149. Type, No. 3002, 35 mm., Porto Uniao, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 8. Type, No. 5470, 106 mm., Rio San Gil, Santander, Colombia; Gonzales. Hemigrammus analis Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 64- Type, No. 1466, 35 mm., Rockstone, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemigrammus brevis Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VHI, 1911, 161. Type, No. 3068, 35 mm., Barreiras, Lagoas of Rio Grande; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Caknegie Museum. 65 (55) Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 62. Type, No. 1461, 57 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 56. Type, No. 1448, 32 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hemigrammus iota Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 60. Type, No. 1458, 18 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemigrammus marginatus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 159. Type, No. 3053, 38 mm., Rio Itapicuru, Queimadas; Haseman. Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 61. Type, No. 1477, 28 mm., Tukeit, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 58. Type, No. 1450, 46 mm., Georgetown trenches, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 156. Type, No. 3026, male, 44 mm., Campos, Rio Parahyba; Hase- man. Hyphessobrycon duragenys Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 155. Type, No. 3023, 68 mm., Mogy das Cruzes, Rio Tiete; Hase- man. Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 69. Type, No. 1194, 36 mm.. Creek between Potaro Landing and Kangaruma; Eigenmann. Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 157. Type, No. 3035, 34 mm., Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 68. Type, No. 1193, 18 mm.. Cane Grove Corner, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 65- Type, No. 1189, 19 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. 66 (56) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Hyphessobrycon parvellus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 191E 153- Type, No. 3011, 30 mm., Alagoinhas, Rio Catu; Haseman. Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 29. Type, No. 5091, female, 53 mm., Cali, Colombia. Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 28 = Hyphessobrycon inconstans Eigenmann and Ogle. Type, No. 5094, 74 mm., Ouibdo, Colombia; Eigenmann. Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIH, 1911, 153. Type, No. 3018, 48 mm., Campos, Rio Parahyba; Haseman. Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 67. Type, No. 1190, 35 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 71- Type, No. 1197, 38 mm.. Lama Stop-off, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 151- Type, No. 3007, 55 mm., Serrinha Parana, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Microgenys minutus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913, 22. Type, No. 5007, 45 mm., Piedra Moler, Colombia; Eigenmann. Mcenkhausia browni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 13. Type, No. 1004, 66 mm., Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Mcenkhausia lepidura hasemani Eigenmann, Memoirs Museum of Comparative Zoology, XLHI, 1917, 102. Type, No. 3746, 45 mm., Santarem; Haseman. Mcenkhausia profunda Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 322 = Mcenkhausia hondi (Fowler). Type, No. 2207, 51 mm., Issorora Rubber Station, British Guiana; Shideler. Mcenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 15. Type, No. 1012, 65 mm., Bartica, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 67 (57) Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VTII, 1911, 174. Type, No. 3229, 48 mm.. Villa Bella, Rio Beni; Haseman. Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 173- Type, No. 3231, 38 mm., Boqueiras, near mouth of Rio Preto; Haseman. Phenacogaster megalostictus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 28. Type, No. 1056, 65 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 30. Type, No. 1063, 48 mm., Tumatumari, Lower Potaro River. British Guiana; Eigenmann. Piabina analis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 8. Type, No. 5478, 37 mm., Caceres; Haseman. Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIH, 1911, 166. Type, No. 3204, 189 mm., Porto Uniao, Rio Iguassu; Hase- man. Pristella aubynei Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 24- Type, No. 1042, 50 mm.. Lama Stop-off, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Vesicatrus tegatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 191U 174- Type, No. 3201, 33 mm., Jauru, Upper Paraguay Basin; Hase- man. Subfamily Rhoadsin^. Parastremma sadina Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 20. j Type, No. 4812, 136 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Subfamily Glandulocaudin^. Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 24. Type, No. 4802, 62 mm., Cartago, Colombia; Eigenmann. Gephyrocharax chocoensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 23. Type, No. 4806, 53 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. 68 (58) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Gephyrocharax melanocheir Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. i6, 1912, 24. Type, No. 4839, 44 mm., Bernal Creek near Honda, Colombia; Eigenmann. Glandulocauda inequalis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 169. Type, No. 3555, 40 mm., Porto Alegre; Haseman. Glandulocauda melanogenys Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 168. Type, No. 3553, 49 mm., Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 170. Type, No. 3557, 51 mm., Serrinha Parana, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Hysteronotus megalostomus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 171. Type, No. 3551, 45 mm., Rio das Velhas; Haseman. Microbrycon minutus Eigenmann and Wilson, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 3. Type, No. 5422, 24 mm., Rio Truando, Colombia; Wilson. Pseudocorynopoma heterandria Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 39. Type, No. 5222, female, 80 mm., Xiririca; Haseman. Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, 1913- 3- Type, No. 5051, 25 mm., Boca de Raspadura, Colombia; Eigenmann. Stevardia aliata Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914- 37- Type, No. 5215, 75 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio ; Gonzales. Subfamily Stethaprionin^. Fowlerina franciscensis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 45. Type, No. 5240, 72 mm., Barreiras, Lagoas of Rio Grande; Haseman. Stethaprion crenatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 80. Type, No. 5228, 95 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 69 (59) Subfamily Gasteropelecin.e. Thoracocharax brevis Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 25 = Thoracocharax maciilatus (Steindachner). Type, No. 4845, 47 mm., Raspadura, Colombia; Eigenmann. Thoracocharax magdalenae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 25. Type, No. 4846, 50 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Subfamily Serrasalmin^. Pygocentrus bilineatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 47. Type, No. 1072, 102 mm., Aruka River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Serrasalmo hollandi Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, IX, 1915, 251- Type, No. 5792, 130 mm., Maciel, Rio Guapore; Haseman. Serrasalmo humeralis gracilior Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, IX, 1915, 257. Type, particular specimen not designated, two specimens. No. 5791, Maciel, Rio Guapore; Haseman. Subfamily Mylin^. Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, IX, 1915, 267. Type, No. 5729, 99 mm., Maciel, Rio Guapore; Haseman. Metynnis roosevelti Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, IX, 1915, 268. Type, No. 5740, 115 mm., Manaos, Brazil; Haseman. Mylosoma ocellatum Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, IX, 1915, 265. Type, No. 5629, 44 mm.. Villa Hays, Paraguay; Haseman. Subfamily Characin^. Acanthocharax microlepis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 405. Type, No. 2138, 105 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Asiphonichthys hemigrammus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, V, 1912, 403. Type, No. 2137, 27 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. 70 (60) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Charax rupununi Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 402. Type, No. 2135, 58 mm., Rupununi, British Guiana; Grant. Cynopotamus essequibensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 403. Type, No. 2146, 175 mm., Potaro Landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 406. Type, No. 2142, 46 mm., Rockstone, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Roeboides hildebrandi Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 162. Type, No. 5186, specimen not designated, Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Roeboides magdalenae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 161. Type, No. 5202, specimen not designated, Soplaviento, Col- ombia; Eigenmann. Rcsboides meeki Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 163. Type, No. 3849, 130 mm., Quibdo, Colombia; Eigenmann. Robboides thurni Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 399- Type, No. 2149, 104 mm., Rockstone Sand Bank, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Subfamily Acestrorhynchin^. Acestrorhynchus nasutus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 411. Type, No. 1959, 79 mm., Rockstone, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Order GYMNONOTI. Eamily GYMNOTID^. Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus Ellis, in Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 436. Type, No. 3182, 215 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Porotergus gimbeli Ellis, in Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 441. Type, No. 3197, 205 mm., Para, Brazil; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 71 (61) Porotergus gymnotus Ellis, in Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, V, 1912, 441. Type, No. 1759, 70 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Sternarchus hasemani Ellis, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 147- Type, No. 3191, 170 mm., Santarem, Brazil; Haseman. Sternarchus leptorhynchus Ellis, in Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 439. Type, No. 1762, 260 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Sternarchus mariae Eigenmann and Fisher, Indiana University Studies, No. 25, 1914, 236. Type, No. 5594, 201 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Order EVENTOGNATHI. Family CYPRINID^. Acahara jusanensis Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 180. Type, No. 7828, female. Lake Jusan, Prov. of Mutsu, Japan; Sotaro Saito. Acheilognathus tabira Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 220. Type, No. 6007, Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Japan; Jordan. Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis Jordan and Starks, Annals Car- negie Museum, XI, 1917, 438. Type, No. 8050, 4 inches, Ceylon River at Colombo, Ceylon; Jordan. Belligobio eristigma Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 173. Type, No. 7820, female, 118 mm., Okayama, Japan; K. Mikamo. Culter aokii Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 250. Type, No. 8248, 280 mm., Jitsugetsutan, Eormosa; T. Aoki. Formosania gilbert! Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 194- Type, No. 8222, 1 17 mm., Tamusui River near Shinten, Eor- mosa; T. Aoki. Gnathopogon iijimae Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 219. Type, No. 8234, 79 mm., Tozen River, Eormosa; Aoki. 72 (62) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Gnathopogon ishikawae Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 215. Type, No. 6014, female, 63 mm., Chikugo River, at Kurume, Japan; Jordan and Snyder. Gnathopogon longifilis Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 169. Type, No. 7817, 49 mm., Ping-yang River, Korea; Wakiya. Gnathopogon majimae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 167. Type, No. 7816, 43 mm.. Ping-yang River, Korea; Wakiya. Gnathopogon suwae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 166. Type, No. 7814, 72 mm.. Lake Suwa at Kamisuwa in Shinshu, Japan; Jordan. Gnathopogon tsuchigae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 170. Type, No. 7818, 69 mm.. Ping-yang River, Korea; Wakiya. Labeo fisheri Jordan and Starks, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 436. Type, No. 8044, 14.5 inches, Mahaweli R. at Kandy, Ceylon; W. K. Fisher. Labeo jordani Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XH, 1919, 204. Type, No. 8226, 340 mm., hatchery at Shori, Formosa; Oshima. Moroco yamamotis Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 182. Type, No. 7829, no mm.. Lake Yamanaka, Koshu, Korea; Ishikawa. Parapelecus eigenmanni Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1913, 21. Type, No. 4565, 5.5 inches, Suigen, Korea; Jordan. Phoxiscus kikuchii Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XH, 1919, 226. Type, No. 8237, 60 mm., Bokusekikaku, Formosa; Y. Kikuchi. Pseudaspius atrilatus Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 231. Type, No. 6012, Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Japan; Jordan. Pseudaspius bergi Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 22. Type, No. 4563, 4 inches, Chinnampo, Korea; Jordan. Pseudaspius modestus Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 23. Type, No. 4561, 2 inches, Chinnampo, Korea; Jordan. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 73 (63) Pseudoperilampus hondae Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1913, 20. Type, No. 4566, 2 inches, Suigen, Korea; Jordan. Puntius snyderi Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 216. Type, No. 8231, 77 mm., Rigyokutsu, Nanto, Formosa; Aoki. Rhodeus chosenicus Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 19- Type, No. 4567, 1.84 inches, Suigen, Korea; Jordan. Sarcocheilichthys morii Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 175. Type, No. 7824, female, 100 mm.. Ping-yang River, Korea; Wakiya. Scaphesthes tamusuiensis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 209. Type, No. 8228, 230 mm., Tamusui River near Shinten, For- mosa; Aoki. Spinibarbus hollandi Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 218. Type, No. 8233, 340 mm., Sobun R. near Tabani, Formosa; Aoki. Order NEMATOGNATHII. Family ARIIDT:. Netuma osakae Jordan and Kasawa, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 157- Type, No. 7808, 375 mm., market at Osaka, Japan; Yamamoto. Family AUCHENIPTERIDT:. Auchenipterus brevior Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 202. Type, No. 1715, 71 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Auchenipterus demerarae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 202. Type, No. 1714, 115 mm., Wismar, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Entomocorus benjamini Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 403. Type, No. 7006, 59 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Glanidium ribeiroi Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 381- Type, No. 2877, 137 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Parana, Brazil; Haseman. 74 (64) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Trachycorystes fisheri Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 82. Type, No. 6667, 217 mm., Rio Sucio, Colombia; Eigenmann. Family DORADIDT:. Doras lentiginosus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 401 = Fterodoras lentiginosus. Type, No. 7048, 357 mm., Santarem, Brazil; Haseman. Hemidoras leporhinus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 195 = Opsodoras leporhmus. Type, No. 1624, 56 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemidoras micropoeus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 195 = Doras micropceus. Type, No. 1636, 365 mm., Wismar, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemidoras microstomus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 193 = Doras microstomus. Type, No. 1650, 52 mm., Rockstone, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Hemidoras notospilus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 196 = Hassar notospilus (Eigenmann). Type, No. 1623, 70 mm.. Crab Falls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Leptodoras linnelli Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 191- Type, No. 1626, 190 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Family AGENEIOSIDiE. Ageneiosus guianensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 204. Type, No. 1712, 175 mm., Wismar, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Ageneiosus madeirensis Fisher, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 426. Type, No. 7143, 108 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Ageneiosus marmoratus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 206. Type, No. 1710, female, 175 mm.. Creek below Potaro landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 75 (65) Tympanopleura piperata Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 203. Type, No. 1708, male, 64 mm.. Crab Falls, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Family BAGRID^. Liobagrus nantoenis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 183. Type, No. 8217, 88 mm., Dainansho, Nanto, Formosa; Aoki. Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 181. Type, No. 8216, 172 mm., Tamusui R. near Shinten, Formosa; Aoki. Pseudobagrus taiwanensis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 180. Type, No. 8215, 152 mm., Tozen River near Taichu, Formosa; Aoki. Family PIMELODIDT:. Brachyglanis frenata Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 156. Type, No. 1670, 49 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Brachyglanis melas Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 157. Type, No. 1672, 60 mm.. Crab Ealls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Brachyglanis phalacra Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 157. Type, No. 1671, 81 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Cephalosilurus fowleri Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911,317. Type, No. 2880, 310 mm., Cidade da Barra, Bahia; Haseman. Cetopsorhamdia boquillae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 37. Type, No. 3923, 81 mm., Boquilla, Colombia; Eigenmann. Cetopsorhamdia nasus Eigenmann and Fisher, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1916, 83. Type, No. 7124, 72 mm., Honda, Colombia; Eigenmann. Chasmocranus brevior Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 162. Type, No. 1662, 56 mm., Waratuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. 76 (66) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Chasmocranus longior Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 160. Type, No. 1655, 1 10 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Chasmocranus rosae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 220. Type, No. 3841, 65 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Cheirocerus eques Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 398. Type, No. 7254, 117 mm.. Villa Bella; Haseman. Heptapterus steward Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 376. Type, No. 2850, 56 mm., Serrinha Parana, Iguassii, Brazil; Haseman. Imparfinis hollandi Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 383- Type, No. 2864, 230 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Rio IguassLi, Brazil; Haseman. Imparfinis microps Eigenmann and Eisher, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1916, 82; Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 221. Type, No. 6776, 78 mm., Rio Negro at Villavicencio, Col- ombia; Eigenmann. Imparfinis mirini Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 318. Type, No. 2981, 83 mm.. Above falls of Piracicaba-mirini ; Haseman. Leptoglanis essequibensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 158. Type, No. 1652, 156 mm.. Crab Ealls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Megalonema platycephalum Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 150. Type, No. 1684, 173 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Megalonema xanthum Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 16. Type, No. 4822, 202 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Microglanis poecilus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 155. Type, No. 1676a, 37 mm.. Below Packeoo Ealls, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Myoglanis potaroensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 159. Type, No. 1664, 58 mm., Tukeit, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 77 (67) Nannorhamdia nemacheir Eigenmann and Fisher, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 83. Type, No. 7125, 105 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Pimelodella avanhandavse Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 240. Type, No. 6969, 85 mm., Rio Tiete at Salto Avanhandava above fall; Haseman. Pimelodella boliviana Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 245. Type, No. 6964, 90 mm., Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; Haseman. Pimelodella griffini Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 250. Type, No. 6962, 87 mm., mountain rills near Sapucay, Para- guay; Haseman. Pimelodella hasemani Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 241. Type, No. 6968, 81 mm., San Antonio de Rio Madeira; Hase- man. Pimelodella itapicuruensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 247. Type, No. 6974, 80 mm., Queimadas, Rio Itapicuru; Haseman. Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 243. Type, No. 6957, 62 mm., Sapucay, Paraguay; Haseman. Pimelodella laticeps australis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1917, 243. Type, No. 6950, 75 mm., Uruguayana; Haseman. Pimelodella macturkii Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 170. Type, No. 1695, 69 mm.. Creek in Mora Passage, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pimelodella megalops Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 169. Type, No. 1692, 100 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pimelodella metae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 244- Type, No. 7441, 77 mm., Rio Negro at Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Pimelodella notomelas Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 244. Type, No. 6955, 51 mm., Caceres; Haseman. 78 (68) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Pimelodella serrata Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, 235. Type, No. 6967, 67 mm., San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Pimelodus heteropleurus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 176. Type, No. 1734, 46 mm., Rupununi Pan, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pimelodus ortmanni Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 379- Type, No. 2856, 160 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Platysilurus barbatus Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 320. Type, No. 2987, 175 mm., Sao Antonio de Rio Madeira; Haseman. Pseudopimelodus albomarginatus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 153. Type, No. 1680, 98 mm., Tukeit, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pseudopimelodus villosus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 152. Type, No. 1677, 148 mm., Potaro Landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Rhamdella montana Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Aluseum, VHI, 1911, 421. Type, No. 4858, 47 mm., Queta, S. E. of Tarma, Peru; Lola Vance. Rhamdia branneri Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 377- Type, No. 2851, 103 mm., Serrinha Parana, Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Rhamdia branneri voulezi Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911,378. Type, No. 2854, 122 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Rhamdia microps Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 394- Type, No. 7283, 175 mm., Uruguayana; Haseman. Rhamdiopsis moreirai Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 191 1, 375- Type, No. 2849, 78 mm., Serrinha Parana, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 79 (69) Family BUNOCEPHALID.F:. Bunocephalus amaurus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 126. Type, No. 1555, 69 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Bunocephalus chamaizelus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 127. Type, No. 1556, 36 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Bunocephalus colombianus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 10. Type, No. 4828, 89 mm., Raspadura, Colombia; Eigenmann. Bunocephalus depressus Hasemann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911,319. Type, No. 2984, 55 mm., Rio Machupo near San Joaquin, Bolivia; Haseman. Xyliphius magdalenae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 10. Type, No. 4829, 32 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Family ASPREDINIDdE. Agmus lyriformis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 128. Type, No. 1554, 56 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Family PYGIDIID^. Ochmacanthus flabelliferus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 213. Type, No. 1729, 33 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Pygidium alternatum Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 700. Type, No. 7079, 67 mm., Rio Doce; Haseman. Pygidium banneaui Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 19. Type, No. 4815, 44 mm., Bernal Creek near Honda, Colombia; Eigenmann. Pygidium bogotense Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 18. Type, No. 4820, 75 mm., Chapinero near Bogota, Colombia; Eigenmann. 80 (70) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Pygidium caliense Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. i6, 1912, 18. Type, No. 4819, 53 mm., Cali, Colombia; Eigenmann. Pygidium chapmani Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 18. Type, No. 4817, 106 mm,, Boquia, Colombia; Eigenmann. Pygidium conradi Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 212. Type, No. 2212, 41 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pygidium davisi Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 380. Type, No. 2862, 450 mm., Serrinha Parana, Brazil; Haseman. Pygidium dorsostriatum Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 695. Type, No. 7093, 76 mm., Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Pygidium gracilior Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 213. Type, No. 1730, 27 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pygidium guianensis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, II. Type, No. 1003, 77 mm., Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Pygidium hasemani Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, 48. Type, No. 5238, 18 mm., Santarem, Brazil; Haseman. Pygidium iheringi Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 697. Type, No. 7071, 160 mm., Sapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. Pygidium latistriatum Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 696. Type, No. 7450, 46 mm., Quebrada de Pinchote, Santander, Colombia; Gonzales. Pygidium paolence Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 698. Type, No. 7081, 68 mm., Alto da Serra, Rio Tiete, Sao Paulo; Haseman. Pygidium proops parahybae Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, 332. Type, No. 7598, 32 mm., Sao Joao da Barra, Rio Parahyba; Haseman. Pygidium reinhardti Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 699- Type, No. 7078, 65 mm., Burmier, Rio Itabira, trib. of Rio das Velhas; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 8i (71) Pygidium santas-ritse Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, 341. Type, No. 7599, 24 mm., Santa Rita, Rio Preto; Haseman. Pygidium septentrionale Behre, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVIII, 1928, 309. Type, No. 8515, 90 mm., Salao Creek into Rio Chiriqui del Tire, Panama; Behre and Chambers. Pygidium stellatum Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, 308. Type, No. 7097, 78 mm., Quebrada Sarjento, Colombia; Gon- zales. Pygidium straminium Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 694- Type, No. 7101, 46 mm., Quebrada del Mango, Colombia; Gonzales. Pygidium triguttatum Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VIE 1918, 339- Type, No. 7600, 36 mm., Jacarehy; Haseman. Pygidium vermiculatum Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917-699. Type, No. 7074, 131 mm., Juiz de Eora, Brazil; Ribeiro. Pygidium zonatum Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, 330. Type, No. 7596, 62 mm., Agua Quente; Haseman. Scleronema operculatum Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 691; Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VH, 1918, 281. Type, No. 7077, 79 mm., Cacequy, Uruguay Basin; Haseman. Vandellia hasemani Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, 363. Type, No. 7542, 72 mm., Rio Mamore; Haseman. Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 701. Type, No. 7082, 62 mm., San Antonio de Rio Madeira; Hase- man. Family CETOPSIDvR. Hemicetopsis amphiloxus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, 14. Type, No. 5332, 88 mm., San Lorenzo, Patia Basin, Colombia; Henn and Wilson. 82 (72) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Hemicetopsis macilentus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 211. Type, No. 1726, 55 mm.. Creek below Potaro landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hemicetopsis minutus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 211. Type, No. 1728, 22 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Hemicetopsis othonops Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 17. Type, No. 4830, 120 mm., Girardot, Colombia; Eigenmann. Family ASTROBLEPIDT: (Argidae). Astroblepus cyclopus santanderensis Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 675. Type not designated, first specimen mentioned. No. 7430, 33 mm., Quebrada de Guapota, Prov. of Santander, Colombia, may be so considered. Astroblepus frenatus Eigenmann, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 676. Type, No. 7380, female, 43 mm., Quebrada de San Joaquin, Santander, Colombia; Gonzales. Astroblepus grixalvii micrescens Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 677 = Astroblepus micrescens. Type, No. 7372, 69 mm., Quebrada de Agua Larga, Santander, Colombia; Gonzales. Astroblepus latidens Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 674. Type, No. 7362, female, 57 mm., Piperel, Colombia; Gonzales. Cyclopium chapmani Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 13 = Astroblepus chapmani. Type, No. 4863, 75 mm., Boquia, Colombia; Eigenmann. Cyclopium trifasciatum Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, i/\.= Astroblep2is trifasciatus. Type, No. 4868, 85 mm., Caldas, Colombia; Eigenmann. Cyclopium unifasciatum Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 15 == Astroblepus unifasciatus. Type, No. 4871, 57 mm., Caldas, Colombia; Eigenmann. Cyclopium vanceae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 421 = Astroblepus vancece. Type, No. 4856, 76 mm., Queta, S. E. of Tarma, Peru; Lola Vance. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 83 (73) Cyclopium ventrale Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 15 = Astroblepus cyclopus cirratus (Regan). Type, No. 4866, 76 mm., Caldas, Colombia; Eigenmann. Eamily CALLICHTHYIDT:. Cascadura maculocephala Mrs. Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 387. Type, No. 3539, 66 mm., Uruguayana; Haseman. Chaenothorax eigenmanni Ellis, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 393- Type, No. 3542, 51 mm., Caceres; Haseman. Hoplosternum magdalenae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1911, 412. Type, No. 5081, 107 mm., Soplaviento, Colombia; Eigenmann. Family LORICARIIDT:. Acestridium discus Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 319- Type, No. 2985, 72 mm., Igarape de Cachoeira Grande, near Manaos, Brazil; Haseman. Ancistrus lithurgicus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 241. Type, No. 1524, 95 mm.. Crab Falls, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Ancistrus melas Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 83. Type, No. 7335, 106 mm., Condoto, Colombia; C. E. Wilson. Corymbophanes andersoni Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 5. Type, No. 1001, 86 mm., Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Farlowella azygia Eigenmann and Vance, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 299. Type, No. 3782, 79 mm., Santarem; Haseman. Farlowella hasemani Eigenmann and Vance, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, XI, 1917, 301. Type, No. 3781, 165 mm., Para, Brazil; Haseman. Farlowella jauruensis Eigenmann and Vance, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, XI, 1917, 300. Type, No. 3780, 133 mm., Jauru; Haseman. Hemiancistrus daguae Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, II. Type, No. 4842, 79 mm., Caldas, Colombia; Eigenmann. 84 (74) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Hemiancistrus mayoloi Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. i6, 1912, 10. Type, No. 4826, 125 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigenmann. Lasiancistrus caucanus Eigenmann, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, II. Type, No. 4824, 171 mm., Cartago, Colombia; Eigenmann. Lithogenes villosus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 6. Type, No. 1002, 44 mm., Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Lithoxus lithoides Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 242. Type, No. 1527, 86 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Loricaria filamentosa latiura Eigenmann and Vance, Indiana Uni- versity Studies, No. 16, 1912, 13. Type, No. 3806, particular specimen not designated, Boca de Certegui, Colombia; Eigenmann. 0 Loricaria filamentosa seminuda Eigenmann and Vance, Indiana Uni- versity Studies, No. 16, 1912, 13. Type, No. 3807, 182 mm., to base of caudal, Girardot, Col- ombia; Eigenmann. Loricaria fimbriata Eigenmann and Vance, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 12. Type, No. 3808, 114 mm., Boca de Certegai, Colombia; Eigen- mann. Loricaria griseus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 8. Type, No. 1504, 131 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Loricaria microdon Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 7. Type, No. 1507, 90 mm., Rupununi, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Loricaria stewarti Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 9. Type, No. 1508, 81 mm., Chipoo Creek, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Loricaria submarginatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 10. Type, No. 1510, 142 mm.. Creek below Potaro Landing, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Plecostomus derbyi Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 384- Type, No. 2865, 95 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Brazil; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 85 (75) Plecostomus hemiurus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 224. Type, No. 1544, 201 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Pseudancistrus carnegiei Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 85. Type, No. 7346, no mm., Rio San Gil, Santander, Colombia; Gonzales. Pseudancistrus nigrescens Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 234. Type, No. 1539, 182 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 679. Type, No. 7348, 118 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio, Colombia; Gonzales. Order INIOMI. Eamily MYCTOPHID/E. Dasyscopelus orientalis Gilbert, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 70. Type, No. 4613, 67 mm., Misaki, Sagami Bay, Japan; Allan Owston. Diaphus gigas Gilbert, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 93. Type, No. 4601, 172 mm., (total length), Sagami Bay, Japan; Owston. Diaphus latus Gilbert, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 95. Type, No. 4604, 75 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Owston. Diaphus sagamiensis Gilbert, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 96. Type, No. 4608, 67 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Owston. Lampanyctus jordani Gilbert, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 104. Type, No. 4617, 121 mm., Nemuro, Hokkaido, Japan; D. S. Jordan. Myctophum hollandi Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, II. Type, No. 3897, 4.25 inches, Honolulu market, Hawaii; Grin- nell. 86 (76) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Order CYPRINODONTES (Microcyprini). Family CYPRINODONTID^. Rivulus breviceps Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 49- Type, No. 1075, 50 mm.. Shrimp Creek, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Rivulus compressus Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, iii. Type, No. 5819, 55 mm., Manaos, Brazil; Haseman. Rivulus frenatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 51. Type, No. 1085, 28 mm., Gluck Island, Essequibo River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Rivulus holmiae Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 50; Type, No. 1076, 77 mm.. Creek near Holmia, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Rivulus lanceolatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 51- Type, No. 1084, 42.5 mm., Rockstone, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Rivulus magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 109. Type, No. 5813, 56 mm., Ibague, Colombia; Eigenmann. Rivulus stagnatus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 50. Type, No. 1082, 44 mm., Christianburg, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Rivulus waimacui Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 50. Type, No. 1078, 79 mm.. Shrimp Creek, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Family PCECILIIDT:. Acanthophacelus bifurcus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 52 = Pcecilia parce. Eigenmann. Type, No. 1088, 22 mm., Christianburg, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Acanthophacelus melanzonus Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1909, 51 = Pcecilia melanzona (Eigenmann). Type, No. 1086, 27 mm., Georgetown Trenches, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 87 (77) Cnesterodon carnegiei Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 385 = Cnesterodon dec cm -maculatus (Jenyns). Type, No. 2868, female, 40 mm., Serrinha Parana, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. Gambusia caliensis Eigenmann and Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 113. Type, No. 6700, female, 34 mm., Cali, Colombia; Eigenmann. Gambusia nigroventralis Eigenmann and Henn, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 26 = Priapichthys nigroventralis. Type, No. 4835, female, 26 mm., Istmina, Colombia; Eigen- mann. Heterandria colombianus Eigenmann and Henn, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, 27 = Pceciliopsis colombiana. Type, No. 4837, female, 64 mm., Rio Dagua, Colombia; Eigenmann. Heterandria hasemani Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 116. Type, No. 4663, 20 mm., Puerto Suarez, Bolivia; Haseman. Limia hollandi Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 138. Type, No. 4634, female, 34 mm., Lagoa Barreiras, Rio San Erancisco; Haseman. Neoheterandria elegans Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 1 18. Type, No. 5823, male, 16.5 mm., Truando, Colombia; Wilson. Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 121. Type, No. 4665, female, 29 mm., Alagoinhas, Rio Catu, Bahia, Brazil; J. D. Haseman. Phallotorynus fasciolatus Henn, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 129. Type, No. 3752, male, 20 mm., Jacarehy, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Haseman. Tomeurus gracilis Eigenmann, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 53- Type, No. 1093, 31 mm.. Mud Creek in Artika River, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Eamily EITZROYIID^. Fitzroyia eigenmanni Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 385- Type, No. 2866, female, 43 mm., Serrinha Parana, Rio Iguassu, Brazil; Haseman. 88 (78) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Order ANACANTHINI. Family MACROURID^. Ccelorhynchus gilberti Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1925, 327. Type, No. 7960, 462 mm., to tip of tail, market at Shizuoka, Japan; Jordan. Coryphaenoides bona-nox Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 305. Type, No. 6462, 300 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Jordan. Family GADIDT:. Physiculus grinnelli Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, 22. Type, No. 3898, 12.5 inches, Honolulu market, Hawaii; D. S. Jordan. Order HETEROSOMATA. Family SOLEIDT:. Areliscus hollandi Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 62. Type, No. 4369, 365 mm., Fusan, Korea; Jordan. Soleonasus finis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 528- Type, No. 2487, 80 mm., Tumatumari, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Order THORACOSTEI. Family SOLENOSTOMIDT:. Solenostomus paegnius Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 235. Type, No. 6020, loi mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Family SYNGNA.THIDT:. Siphostoma eigenmanni Wilson, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 60. Type, No. 5672, 121 mm., Rio Vermelho, Bahia, Brazil; Hase- man. Order AULOSTOMI. Family CENTRISCIDT:. Centriscus capito Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XIH, 1922, 263. Type, No. 8287, 108 mm.. Toko, Formosa; A. Kihara. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 89 (79) Order LABYRINTHICI. Family OSPHRONEMID^. Macropodus filamentosus Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 278. Type, No. 8261, 43 mm., Kotosho (Botel Tobago Island) Formosa; Kikuchi. Order PERCOMORPHI. Suborder PERCESOCES. Fafnily MUGILID^. Joturus daguae Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 681. Type, No. 7458, 195 mm., Rio Dagua at Calda^, Colombia; Eigenmann. Liza formosae Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XIII, 1922, 251. Type, No. 8283, 126 mm., Anpin, Eormosa; M. Watanabe. Liza parva Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XIII, 1922, 253. Type, No. 8284, 70 mm., Anpin, Formosa; Watanabe. Liza pescadorensis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XIII, 1922, 254- Type, No. 8285, 275 mm., Bako Pescadores Is., Formosa; Oshima. Mugil anpinensis Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XIII, 1922, 245. Type, No. 8281, 192 mm., Anpin, Formosa; Oshima. Suborder RHEGNOPTERI. Series Scombriformes. Family SCOMBRID^. Pneumatophorus peruanus Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 211. Type, No. 7847, 201 mm., Callao, Peru; Admiral L. A. Beards- lee. Family GEMPYLID^. Diplogonurus maderensis Noronha, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVI, 1926, 381. Type, no particular specimen was designated and no part whatever of this species was received at the Carnegie Mu- seum. Series Bramiformes. Family BRAMIDA^. Eumegistus illustris Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, 36. Type, No. 3899, 24 inches, partly dissected, Honolulu market, Hawaii; Jordan. 90 (80) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Series Stromateiformes. Family CENTROLOPHID^. Ectenias brunneus Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 241. Type, No. 6453, 100 mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Family NOMEIDT:. Icticus ischanus Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 242. Type, No. 6036, 245 mm., Okinawa, Riu-kiu Islands, Japan; Jordan. Series Carangiformes. Family CARANGIDT:. Alectis breviventralis Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 216. Type, No. 7753, 116 mm., Prov. of Kii, Japan; Wakiya. Alectis temmincki Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 215. Type, No. 7752, 120 mm., Bonin Islands, Japan; Wakiya. Caranx formosanus Jordan and Snyder, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 38. Type, No. 412, 11.5 inches; Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Caranx ishikawai Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 193. Type, No. 7734, 323 mm., Bonin Islands, Japan; Wakiya. Caranx (Atule) miyakamii Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 201. Type, No. 7742, 119 mm., Formosa; Wakiya. Caranx oshimai Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 189. Type, No. 7731, 123 mm., Formosa; Wakiya. Caranx rastrosus Jordan and Snyder, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 37- Type, No. 41 1, 13.5 inches, Takao, Formosa; Sauter. Carnax (Citula) uii Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 174. Type, No. 7720, 125 mm., Kii, Japan; Wakiya. Decapterus dayi Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 158. Type, No. 7711, 140 mm., Formosa; Wakiya. Scomberoides formosanus Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 236. Type, No. 7765, 130 mm., Prov. of Kii, Japan; Wakiya. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 91 (81) Trachynotus jordani Wakiya, Annals Carnegie Museum, XV, 1924, 221. Type, No. 7756, 297 mm., Bonin Islands, Japan; Wakiya. Ulua richardsoni Jordan and Snyder, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 39. Type, No. 413, 18 inches, Takao, Formosa; Hans Sauter. Family LEIOGNATHIDT:. Gazza achlamys Jordan and Starks, Annals Carnegie Museum, XI, 1917, 446. Type, No. 8074, 5.5 inches, Colombo, Ceylon. Series Kurtiformes. Family APOGONIDT:. Amia sialis Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 246. Type, No. 6021, 123 mm., Suruga Gulf, Japan; Jordan. Apogonichthys melampodus Blosser, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 296. Type, No. 1474, 35 mm., St. Croix, Danish West Indies; Eigen- mann. Scepterias fragilis Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, 45. Type, No. 3900, 4.6 inches, Honolulu market, Hawaii; D. S. Jordan. Family OLIGORIDT:. Malakichthys wakiyae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 233. Type, No. 7863, 119 mm., to caudal, Kagoshima Bay, Japan; Wakiya. Family EPINEPHELIDvE. Bodianus stellatus Blosser, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 297. Type, No. 1473, 193 mm., St. Croix, Danish West Indies; Eigenmann. Cephalopholis boninius Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 248. Type, No. 6038, 180 mm., Bonin Islands, Japan; Jordan. Epinephelus ionthas Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913, 32. Type, No. 4559, 14 inches, Eusan, Korea; Jordan. 92 (82) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Family SERRANID^. Entonanthias pascalus Jordan and Tanaka, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVII, 1927, 385. Type, No. 8327, 147 mm., Naha, Okinawa, Japan; Tanaka. Franzia ardens Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 251. Type, No. 6451, 93 mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Family PEMPHERIDT:. Liopempheris sasakii Jordan and Flubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 228. Type, No. 7860, 97 mm. to caudal fin, Toba market, Japan; Jordan and Yamamoto. Family POMADASIDT:. Scolopsis eriomma Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, IV, 1909, 188. Type, No. 317, Takao, Formosa; Sauter. Family SCIT:NIDT:. Pseudotolithus brunneolus Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Car- negie Museum, IV, 1909, 191. Type, No. 327, 8 inches, Takao, Formosa; Sauter. Sciaena iharae Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913- 37- Type, No. 4371, 300 mm., Fusan, Korea; Jordan. Stellifer melanocheir Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 682; Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IX, 1922, 190. Type, No. 7520, 120 mm., Tumaco, Colombia; Henn and Wilson. Umbrina tumacoensis Wilson, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 67. Type, No. 5654, 163 mm., Tumaco, Colombia; Henn and Wilson. Series Ch^todontiformes. Family cht:todontidt:. Centropyge tutuilae Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1922, 62. Type, No. 3902, 3 inches, Pago Pago, Tutuila, Samoa; Jordan and Kellogg. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 93 (83) Holacanthus lunatus Blosser, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 299. Type, No. 1235, 19 mm., St. Croix, Danish West Indies; Eigenmann. Order CATAPHRACTI. Series Scorpaeniformes. Family scorpt:nidt:. Brachirus bellus Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 274. Type, No. 7894, 90 mm. to end of caudal, Misaki, Japan; Aoki. Sebastodes clavilatus Starks, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 181. Type, No. 548, 150 mm., San Juan Islands, Washington; Starks. Sebastodes deani Starks, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 178. Type, No. 545, 207 mm., San Juan Islands, Washington; Starks. Sebastodes emphaeus Starks, Annals Carnegie Aluseum, VII, 1911, 182. Type, No. 549, San Juan Islands, Washington; Starks. Sebastodes ijimae Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1913. 49- Type, No. 4172, 160 mm., Fusan, Korea; Jordan. Sebastodes owstoni Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 270. Type, No. 6026, 178 mm., Aomori, Japan; Jordan. Thysanichthys evides Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 272. Type, No. 6019, 95 mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Series Hexagrammiformes. Family HEXAGRAMMIDT:. Pleurogrammus azonus Jordan and Metz, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1913, 47. Type, No. 4558, 14 inches, Chinnampo, Korea; Jordan. Stellistius katsukii Jordan and Tanaka, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVII, 1927, 389. Type, No. 8329, 179 mm.. Off Mororan, Hokkaido, Japan; Katsuki. 94 (84) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Series Cottiformes. Family AGONID^. Iburiella kasawse Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 291. Type, No. 7906, 133 mm., Tomakomai, near Morroran, Japan; Snyder and Sindo. Series Cyclopteriformes. Family LIPARIDT:. Careproctus burkei Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 281. Type, No. 6457, 92 mm., Yokahama Market, Japan; Jordan. Careproctus gilberti Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 282. Type, No. 6456, 160 mm., Misaki, Sagami Bay, Japan; Jordan. Series Trigliformes. Family TRIGLIDT:. Chelidonichthys ischyrus Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 282. Type, No. 6459, 150 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Owston. Order CHROMIDES. Family POMACENTRIDT:. Chromis villadolidi Jordan and Tanaka, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVII, 1927, 387. Type, No. 8328, 134 mm.. Sea of Japan between Tsushima and Fukuoka, Kiusiu, Japan; Tanaka. Family CICHLIDT:. ^quidens awani Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 335- Type, No. 2576, 145 mm., Sao Antonio de Guapore; Haseman. .^quidens duopunctata Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191T338. Type, No. 2573, 95 mm., Manaos, Brazil; Haseman. .^quidens guaporensis Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191T 335- Type, No. 2575, 54 mm., Sao Antonio de Guapore; Haseman. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 95 (85) jEquidens potaroensis Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 490. Type, No. 2407, 140 mm., Amatuk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Astronotus orbiculatus Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191C 331- Type, No. 2515, 135 mm., Santarem; Haseman. Crenicara altispinosa Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 344- Type, No. 2439, 50 mm., Rio Mamore, below mouth of Rio Guapore; Haseman. Crenicichla alta Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, Type, No. 2274, 169 mm., Gluck Island, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Crenicichla dorsocellata Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191H 355- Type, No. 2721, 180 mm., Campos, Rio Parahyba, Brazil; Haseman. Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191H352. Type, No. 2725, 140 mm., Porto Uniao da Victoria, Rio Iguassu; Haseman. Crenicichla jaguarensis Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191H 351- Type, No. 2723, 52 mm., Jaguara, Rio Grande of the Parana; Haseman. Crenicichla santaremensis Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 191H 354- Type, No. 2719, 98 mm., Santarem, Brazil; Haseman. Crenicichla simoni Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 345- Type, No. 2646, 75 mm., Sao Luiz de Caceres; Haseman. Cichlasoma ornatum gephyrum Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, IX, 1922, 205. Type, No. 7639a, 240 mm., Cordova, Rio Dagua, Colombia; Eigenmann. Geophagus brasiliensis iporangensis Haseman, Annal,s Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1911, 364. Type, No. 2792, 87 mm., Iporanga; Haseman. Geophagus brasiliensis itapicuruensis Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VH, 1911, 365. Type, No. 2793, 113 mm., Queimadas, Rio Itapicuru; Hase- man. 96 (86) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Heterogramma ortmanni Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 506. Type, No. 2306, 64 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Heterogramma ritense Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 362. Type, No. 2765, Santa Rita, Rio Santa Rita, Paraguay Basin; Haseman. Heterogramma taeniatum pertense Haseman, Annals Carnegie Mu- seum, VII, 1911, 359. Type, No. 2741, 27 mm., Manaos, Brazil; Haseman. Heterogramma trifasciatum maciliense Haseman, Annals Carnegie Museum, VII, 1911, 360. Type, No. 2751, Sao Antonio de Guapore; Hasem_an. Nannacara bimaculata Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 488. Type, No. 2304, 50 mm., Erukin, British Guiana; Eigenmann. Order PHARYNGOGNATHI. Family CORIDT:. Hemipteronotus evides Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 196. Type, No. 343, Takao, Formosa; Sauter. Iridio bimaculata Wilson, Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, 68. Type, No. 5280, 170 mm., Rio Dagua at Buenaventura, Col- ombia; Eigenmann. Xyrichthys sciistius Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 263. Type, No. 6028, 165 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Jordan. Order GOBIOIDEA. Family ELEOTRIDT:. Dormitator gymnocephalus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, V, 1912, 523. Type, No. 2438, 18 mm., Konawaruk, British Guiana; Eigen- mann. Encaeura evides Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925. 303- Type, No. 7931, 42 mm., to caudal, Wakanoura, Japan; Yama- moto. Henn: Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 97 (87) Family GOBIID^. Awaous decemlineatus Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 686. Type, No. 7478, 80 mm., Quibdo, Colombia; Eigenmann. Glossogobius abacopus Jordan and Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, IV, 1909, 200. Type, No. 357, 2.5 inches, Takao, Formosa; Sauter. Glossogobius parvus Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 305- Type, No. 8276, 44 mm., Kizanto, Giran, Formosa; Aoki. Gobius (Ctenogobius) daguae Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 685. Type, No. 7481, 133 mm.. Mouth of Rio Dagua, Colombia; Eigenmann. Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 300. Type, No. 8273, 65 mm., Shinchiku, Formosa; Aoki. Rhinogobius taiwanus Oshima, Annals Carnegie Museum, XII, 1919, 298. Type, No. 8272, 69 mm., Shinchiku, Formosa; Aoki. Sicydium hildebrandi Eigenmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, 685. Type, No. 7466, 137 mm., Cisnero, Rio Dagua, Colombia; Eigenmann. Taenioides snyderi Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 310. Type, No. 7941, not indicated as the type, but may be so con- sidered, Wakanoura, Japan; Jordan and Snyder. Tridentiger kuroiwae Jordan and Tanaka, Annals Carnegie Museum, XVII, 1927, 276. Type, No. 8324, 115 mm., Yakkachi River, Amami-Oshima; Tanaka. Order JUGULARES. Family CALLIONYMID^. Calliurichthys astrinius Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1922, 80. Type, No. 3903, 6 inches, Honolulu market, Hawaii; Jordan. Calliurichthys zanectes Jordan and Jordan, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1922, 81. Type, No. 3904, 10.5 inches, Honolulu market, Hawaii; Jordan. 98 (88) Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Calymmichthys xenicus Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 296. Type, No. 6027, 135 mm., Sagami Bay, Japan; Jordan. Synchiropus ijimae Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, VI, 1914, 295. Type, No. 6015, 65 mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Family URANOSCOPIDT:. Zalescopus satsumae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 313. Type, No. 7949, 166 mm., to caudal, Kagoshima Bay, Prov. of Satsuma, Japan; Wakiya. Zalescopus tosae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 312. Type, No. 7945, 138 mm., to caudal base, Kochi in Tosa, Shikoku, Japan; Wakiya. Family ZOARCIDT: (Lycodid^). Allolepis hollandi Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925- 323- Type, No. 7952, 322 mm., to caudal, Fukui on Sea of Japan; Nonaka. Lycodes tanakae Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 299. Type, No. 6004, 460 mm., Noto in Hondo, Japan; Jordan. Zestichthys tanakae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 321. Type, No. 7951, 490 mm., to caudal, Kushiro, Japan; Tanaka. Family BROTULIDT:. M onomitopus kumae Jordan and Hubbs, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, X, 1925, 324. Type, No. 7954, 363 mm., to caudal, Misaki, Japan; Aoki. Spectrunculus radcliffei Jordan and Thompson, Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, 1914, 301. Type, No. 6061, 64 mm., Misaki, Japan; Jordan. Family BATRACHOIDIDT:. Thalassophryne quadrizonatus Eigenmann, Memoirs Carnegie Mu- seum, IX, 1922, 217. Type, No. 3921, 35 mm., Rio Truando, Atrato Basin, Col- ombia; Wilson. Henn; Types of Fishes in Carnegie Museum. 99 (89) Order PLECTOGNATHI. Family TETRAODONTID^. Spheroides asterias Blosser, Annals Carnegie Museum, VI, 1909, 300. Type, No. 1475, 28 mm., St. Croix, Danish West Indies; Eigenmann. CONTENTS c- ^ Editorial Notes ^ i-io I. Testimonial to Dr. Holland on his Eightieth Birthday. By a. Avinoff 11-14 II. The Argynnids of the Nokomis-Group. By W. J. Holland i5~34 III. Notes upon Some North American Species and Varieties of the Genus Brenthis. By W. J. Holland. 35-46 IV. List of Types of Fishes in the Collection of the Car- negie Museum, September 1, 1928. By Arthur W. Henn ....TT.... 47-100 'V Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 142 OF THE '•■V CARNEGIE MUSEUM VoL. XIX, No. 2. L May, 1929 r For sale by Messrs.^ Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., 2-4, Arthur St., New Oxford St., London, W. C. 2, England; Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, II Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6, Germany: Maruzen Company, Ltd., 11-16, Nihonbashi, Tori-Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan: and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penna., U. S. A. V ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOLUME XIX, No. 2. Editorial Notes. The Thirty-second Celebration of Founder’s Day was observed by the Carnegie Institute on October i8th, 1928. The guest of honor and principal speaker was Hon. Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, who, as a Trustee of the Carnegie Institute for many years has proved himself a most generous friend. An enthusiastic company filled the audience chamber. Mr. Mellon chose as the theme of his address “Developing the Nation’s Capital.” He gave a lucid account of the designs for the city prepared by L’Enfant, to which more or less fitful adherence has been given. To- day there is a marked tendency to revert to these splendid original designs. Mr. Mellon’s interest in the matter is due to the fact that the responsibility for the acquisition of sites and the erection of governmental buildings has been placed by Congress in charge of the Secretary of the Treasury, and he, therefore, during his tenure of office is responsible for the execution of all work intended to improve and adorn the capital city. The Editor may be pardoned for making at this point reference to certain facts which are within his knowledge. The maiden name of the mother of the present Secretary of the Treasury was Sarah Jane Negley. Her ancestors, shortly after coming to this country in the early part of the Eighteenth Century acquired a large tract of land within the limits of what is now Germantown, Philadelphia. To this day this tract, originally a farm comprising one hundred and fifty acres, is known as “Negley’s Hill,” a name familiar to all Phila- 101 102 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. delphians. When the question of the location of the capital of the United States was first discussed in Congress, among the many sites which were proposed was “Negley’s Hill.” Morrisville on the Dela- ware opposite Trenton was another site advocated in the debates which took place. Finally, as every one knows, the present District of Columbia came into being, largely under the inspiration of the first President of the Republic and his friends. The city of Washing- ton was created on what at that time was vacant farm-lands. It has come to be one of the most beautiful capital cities in the world. The Garden Club of Allegheny County with signal generosity, has made it possible to install in the Gallery of Plants a group representing the spring flowers of western Pennsylvania. After a luncheon at her beautiful residence tendered to the Club and many invited guests by Mrs. Roy A. Hunt, the President of the Club, the formal unveiling and presentation of the group was made on the afternoon of Decem- ber 5, 1928. Mrs. Hunt presided with great grace. A highly repre- sentative company of ladies and gentlemen was assembled. It was the privilege of the Director Emeritus on behalf of the Museum to accept the gift, after Mrs. Hunt had addressed the company and the group had been unveiled by Mrs. T. H. B. McKnight. Other addresses appropriate to the occasion were made by Mrs. John A. Stewart, of New York, President of the Garden Club of America; Mrs. S. V. R. Crosby, of Boston, Chairman of the Conservation Committee of the Garden Club of America; Mrs. Louis J. Francke, Vice-Chairman of the Conservation Committee of the Garden Club of America; Mrs. Horatio Gates Lloyd of Philadelphia, and Dr. Otto E. Jennings, Curator of Botany in the Museum. Great credit should be given to Mr. Ottmar Fuehrer, Dr. O. E. Jennings, and their assistants for the exceedingly artistic and natural effects, which have been achieved in this group, which is the first of a series of four, which it is proposed to place in the Gallery of Plants. Material for the composition of the second group, which will illustrate the vegetation of the arid lands of the southwestern states has already been assembled. The Editor of the Annals congratulates his successor in the Director- ship of the Museum, Dr. A. Avinoff, upon having on December i8th become a full-fledged American citizen. A man of distinction in Editorial Notes. 103 Russia, his fatherland, he is destined to prove himself no less a man of distinction in his adopted country. It is with deep regret that record is made of the fact that Mrs. Ernest G. Holt has been temporarily incapacitated by severe illness from continuing her work in Venezuela with her husband. She is at present in New York City slowly recuperating. Mr. Holt after bring- ing his wife back to this country immediately returned to his duties in Venezuela. Mr. Graham Netting is taking a postgraduate course at the Uni- versity of Michigan, where he is specializing in Zoology and acting as an assistant in the Natural History Museum. His friends in the Car- negie Museum were delighted to welcome him among them during the mid-winter vacation. Mr. and Mrs. Rudyerd Boulton have left for a long tour in Africa. They go as companions of Mrs. Oscar S. Straus and will endeavor to make the journey from Cairo up the Nile to Lake Tanganyika and beyond. During the earlier part of their journey they will collect specimens for the American Museum of Natural History. During the latter part of their pilgrimage they will collect birds and insects for the Carnegie Museum. The best wishes of their friends in Pitts- burgh attend them in their wanderings. With regret we make record of the fact that the Carnegie Museum has lost the presence and services of Mr. Arthur S. Coggeshall, who for nearly thirty years has been connected with the Carnegie Museum. He has left us in order to become the Director of the Natural History Institute and Museum in St. Paul, Minnesota. For many years Mr. Coggeshall served the Carnegie Museum as a collector and preparator in the Section of Paleontology. During quite recent years he has been in charge of juvenile instruction in the Museum. He has also had charge of the lecture-courses given by the Museum. The Editor recalls with pleasure the many occasions on which Mr. Coggeshall went with him to foreign lands for the purpose of installing in various national museums in Europe and South America replicas of that famous fossil, Diplodociis carnegiei. Mr. Coggeshall was a pleasant travelling companion both on sea and on land. He is an experienced 104 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. preparator of fossils. His loss to us is gain to the infant institution in St. Paul, which has called him into its service. Our best wishes attend him. The series of Thursday lectures for the present year was initiated on the evening of Thanksgiving day, November 29th, when Captain John B. Noel addressed a large and appreciative audience. Captain Noel is well known as one of those who have participated in the recent expeditions 'organized by the Royal Geographic Society of London for the purpose of reaching the summit of Mt. Everest, the highest mountain in the world. Captain Noel was the official photog- rapher of the various expeditions and was able to ascend to an alti- tude of twenty three thousand feet. His lecture was magnificently illustrated by several reels of motion pictures and a series of excellently colored photographic slides. Another of those who recently lectured before the Museum was Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, who supplemented the account which he gave us on a previous occasion, by outlining the more recent archaeological discoveries made in Yucatan. In recent years, as everybody knows, the period between Christmas and the first day of each New Year has been by consent set apart as ‘‘Convocation Week.” Many of the learned societies in the United States and Canada hold their meetings at this time. A number of the members of the Staff of the Museum attended the sessions of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in New York City and were present at the gatherings of various sections. Dr. Avinoff, the Director, attended tl^e annual meeting of the Council and the Executive Committee of the American Association of Museums. He also was present at the yearly exhibition given by the Carnegie Institution of Washington showing the results of the efforts, which are being made by that institution to increase human knowl- edge. Echoes of the International Entomological Congress at Ithaca are still heard. Letters have been received from many of the forty mem- bers of the Congress who came in a body to Pittsburgh. One of them was so complimentary as to say that ‘the delightful day we passed in Editorial Notes. 105 Pittsburgh marked the climax (Hohepunkt) of our experiences on the occasion of our eventful journey.’ The Editor has received various European journals giving accounts of their experiences and impres- sions in America by visiting delegates. During September we were honored by visits paid by a number of foreign entomologists who spent some time with us in more or less leisurely studying groups of insects in which they are specially inter- ested. Among them was Mr. W. H. T. Tams of the British Museum, who spent two days in studying our Lasiocampidcs; Dr. J. B. Cor- poraal of Amsterdam, the Secretary of the Entomological Society of the Netherlands, who devoted himself to our Cleridce, and has kindly undertaken to identify the African and South American material in our possession, which has already been sent to him; Dr. F. R. Rambousek of Prague, who passed several days in studying our series of Staphy- linidce. Dr. Rambousek most obligingly offered his services in identifying the unnamed species of this family in our possession. He is the leading authority upon the Staphylinidce. From Pittsburgh he went to Cuba, and kindly sent us some interesting butterflies, which he collected for us on that island. It was a delight to welcome Dr. E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences, who is particularly interested in our South American Pentatomidce, which he has agreed to study, and upon which we trust he will submit a report for publication. Mr. G. Talbot of the Hill Museum, England, studied some of our oriental Pieridce, belonging to the genus Delias. We also greatly enjoyed the visit of Mr. I. N. Filipiev, a distinguished Russian entomologist, who at present is engaged in carrying on some researches at Yale University. The visit of Captain Carl P. Russell of the National Park Service Department of the Interior, Washington, must not be forgotten. Captain Russell is rendering fine service in his special field. Through the courtesy of the Worcester Art Museum and the Penn- sylvania Museum we have received for temporary display a collection of textiles showing the technique of the art of weaving at different periods in various lands. It has been placed on view in one of the galleries of the Department of Fine Arts, that Department having most obligingly granted the use of the room for this purpose. As usual we have had the pleasure of welcoming students coming 106 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. from various colleges and universities, in most cases attended by the Professors in charge of the departments of study, in which they are carrying on their work. During the past few days we have welcomed a large body of the students of West Virginia University, who spent the day with us under the care of the Professor of Geology, Dr. John L. Tilton. Classes from the Pennsylvania College for Women have been received; classes from Westminster College were welcomed; and we were particularly glad to extend a cordial reception to two students from the University of Bologna, Italy, the oldest university in the world, who spent some time with us. V V. SOME CRETACEOUS MAMMALS FROM THE LANCE FORMATION. By George Gaylord Simpson. The Carnegie Museum possesses an important collection of mam- mals from the Lance Formation made in 1900 by J. B. Hatcher at the classical localities in Niobrara County, Wyoming, where Marsh obtained all his mammalian specimens of this age. Through the kindness of Mr. O. A. Peterson, this collection was recently submitted to me for study, and some notes upon it are here presented. Like all collections from this formation, the specimens are chiefly isolated teeth, difficult to study and to interpret. So far as possible, this material will be made the subject of revision in a forthcoming memoir. The present brief paper is confined to the description and illustration of several somewhat complete, and unique specimens. The most important of these is the lower jaw described below as repre- senting a new genus and species. So many names have already been applied to specimens from the Lance formation, and the taxonomy of the whole mammalian fauna of these beds is so confused, that in general I have preferred to follow Osborn, basing the classification of the Didelphyids of the Lance mainly on the upper molars, and using a few names very broadly to include the different types of dentition, even though by adopting this course each name may eventually be found to cover more than one natural genus. The final solution of the problems involved can eventually only be reached by the acquisition of more complete material showing associated teeth and jaws. Al- though the application of new names to isolated teeth is now seldom justifiable, as more determinable specimens are found, it will be essential to apply names to them: old names, if possible; new names, if necessary. With the end in view of really fixing the characters of the mammals from the Lance beds two advances are made in this paper. A lower jaw with the dentition more complete than any other known from this formation is described, and inasmuch as it cannot be referred to any of Marsh’s genera or species, it is given a name. An upper jaw, also unusually complete, is made the neotype of Pediomys elegans Marsh. Class MAMMALIA. Order MARS U PI A LI A. Family DIDELPHYIDS. Subfamily Pediomyin^. Euangelistes, gen. nov. Type: E. peter soni, sp. nov. 107 108 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Diagnosis: A Pediomyine of medium size. Molar trigonids elevated and sharply cut off from talonids. Trigonids compressed anteroposteriorly. Protoconids and metaconids subequal. M i with- out trigonid basin, paraconid basal, vestigial. M 2- 4 with paraconids very small and progressively more nearly median. Euangelistes petersoni, sp. nov. Type: Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss. No. 11,657. Left lower jaw with P3 and Mi- 4.* Horizon and Locality: Lance formation, Niobrara County, Wyom- ing. Diagnosis: Length M 1- 4, 7.6 mm.; P 3, 2.0 mm.; depth of ramus internally below M 4, 4.0 mm. P 3 is of about the same length as the molars, and, like them, is composed of nearly equal anterior and posterior portions. Anteriorly, however, there is only a single blade-like cusp and the heel is narrow and without basin. The whole tooth is compressed transversely. There is a minute anterior basal cusp, somewhat damaged in this specimen. The succeeding tooth, although slightly different from those which follow it, is surely a molar. It is fully molariform and its eruption took place before that of P3- The structure of the molars is highly characteristic, and does not compare with that of any other Didelphyid. The trigonids are slender and lofty, considerably higher than the talonids, and very sharply separated from the latter. They are un- usually short, compressed anteroposteriorly. The metaconid is slightly smaller than the protoconid on M 1, but on the other molars these cusps are equal save as modified by wear. The paraconid is extremely reduced. On M 1 it is a minute, vestigial basal cuspule. On M2- 4 it is higher on the crown, and larger (although still very small), and there is a true short trigonid basin. On M 4 the paraconid is antero-external to the metaconid and nearly median; on M 2- 3 it is slightly more internal. The heel has in each case the usual three cusps, the hypoconulid and entoconid closely approximated. The talonid of M 2 is wider than the trigonid, those of the other molars slightly narrower than the respective trigonids. On M 4 the hypo- conulid projects more posteriorly than on the other molars, but its relationships are the same. On each molar there is a narrow, sharp, steeply inclined antero-external cingulum. This jaw furnishes further evidence that the majority of the small insectivore-like teeth from the Lance beds really belong to marsupials of didelphyid type. The simple last premolar and four true molars, each six-cusped, with antero-external cingulum and approximated hypoconulid and entoconid, admit of no other interpretation. Among *M4 has been lost since the specimen was studied. Simpson: Mammals from the Lance Formation. 109 the Didelphyids from the Lance formation the genus belongs with the less robust, more Didelphys-\ike group of the Pediomyinae, as shown by its slender premolar, and sharp, elevated trigonids. Of previously named forms Euangelistes petersoni can only be closely compared with Cimolestes incisus Marsh, which was based upon a single lower molar, 3,6 mm. in length, with elevated trigonid and reduced paraconid. But Fig. I. Euangelistes petersoni Simpson. Type. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,657. Enlarged 5 diam. i. Crown view; 2. External view; 3. Internal view. 110 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. the present molars are little over half as large (each about 2.0 mm. in length) and have relatively shorter trigonids and much smaller paraconids. They differ both specifically and generically from Cimolestes incisus. Another tooth figured by Marsh (Amer. Jour. Sci., (3) XLIII, PI. X, Fig. 5) as a lower molar and referred by him to Cimolestes incisus, but which apparently does not belong to that species, may be an M 1 referable to Euangelistes, although the disparity in height between trigonid and talonid appears to be less than in E. petersoni. The upper molars of Euangelistes are undoubtedly among those, which must still be included in Pediomys {sens. lat.). In size the specimen is comparable to Pediomys elegans; but there are lower teeth, heretofore regarded as generically distinct, which might well fit and conform to the upper teeth of this form. Pediomyinae, gen. et sp. indet. Another specimen, Carnegie Mus. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,656, represents a small Pediomyine with an extremely slender horizontal ramus. It is a left lower jaw with Mi- 2. Smaller than Euangelistes petersoni, it is also very different in structure and considerably more like the post-Cretaceous Didelphyids. The trigonid is low, with normally developed cusps, the proportions of protoconid, metaconid, and paraconid, which are progressively smaller in the order named, much as in Peratherium or Didelphys. The trigonid of M 1 is elongate and compressed transversely. This tooth is 1.6 mm. in length, and Fig. 2. Pediomyince, gen. et sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,656. En- larged 7.5 diameters, i. Internal view; 2. Crown view; 3. External view. Simpson: Mammals from the Lance Formation. Ill the depth of the ramus below it internally is only about 1.5 mm. This exact type of Lance lower teeth has never received a name and it is not proposed to base one on this material. Similar, but larger, teeth were referred by Marsh to Batodon and Pediomys, but without direct evidence of true association with either genus in a restricted sense. Slight variants of this pattern, ranging from this minute size up to molars about 3 mm. in length are common in the Lance and belong to the Pediomys-group. Pediomys elegans Marsh. Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss. No. 11,658, is part of a right upper jaw with M^-^. The molars are didelphyid in number, arrange- ment, form, and structure. The more important differences from Didelphys, believed to be primitive and structurally ancestral, are: 1. Molars more transverse, with distinct equal conules. 2. Paracone and metacone of M^-^ subequal. 3. External cingulum of M^-^ with five styles, the second (opposite the paracone) smallest, the others about equal. 4. Small antero-external cingulum joining first style and anterior conule. The teeth have the additional, probably not primitive, peculiarity that a slight cingulum passes around the base of the protocone upon the antero-internal and postero-internal faces. Fig. 3. Pediomys elegans Marsh. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,658. Enlarged 7.5 diam. (Neotype of P. elegans Marsh). Not only does this specimen serve to correct or confirm previous conjectures as to the orientation and affinities of pediomyine upper molars, but it also fixes the exact significance of the name Pediomys elegans, the first name applied to any of the smaller Lance tritubercu- lar upper molars. The type of this species is Yale Peabody Museum, No. 11,866, a single upper molar, broken and weathered. This 112 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. poorly preserved type is of the same size and, so far as can be deter- mined, of the same structure as of the present specimen, and the latter may be designated as a neotype. Order MULTITUBERCULATA. Family PTILODONTID.^:. Cimolomys, sp. indet. Occasion is here taken to figure two interesting and unusually good specimens of smaller Lance Ptilodontids, referable to Cimolomys in a Fig. 4. Right lower premolar of Cimolomys, sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,660. Enlarged 4.5 diameters. broad sense. One, Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss. No. 11,660, is a right lower jaw with the shearing premolar in place. (Fig. 4.) This is a relatively long and low tooth, typically ptilodontid, originally with thirteen or fourteen serrations on the shearing edge. The second, Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,661, is part of a right lower jaw with the two molars. M 1 is long and narrow, with a cusp formula Fig. 5. Right lower molars of Cimolomys, sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,661. Enlarged 7.5 diameters. of 8-5. M 2 is relatively larger than in most members of this family, and has a high number of external cusps, those posterior with con- fluent bases, as is usual. (Fig. 5.) The formula is 6-2. The shapes of the cusps and the complex ridge pattern, seen in the figures, are characteristic of the family. Simpson: Mammals from the Lance Formation. 113 Meniscoessus, sp. indet. Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss. No. 11,659, is a right M^ refer- able to this larger genus. (Fig. 6.) Being nearly unworn it shows Fig. 6. Right upper molar of Meniscoessus sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., Nq. 11,659. Enlarged 5 diameters. the high strongly selenodont complex of cusps of Meniscoessus to advantage and is figured for this reason. VI. A COLLECTION OF PALEOCENE MAMMALS FROM BEAR CREEK, MONTANA. By George Gaylord Simpson. After the discovery of a new locality for Fort Union mammals in 1926 by Dr. J. C. F. Siegfriedt, collections were made in the summer of 1927 by Barnum Brown for the American Museum of Natural History and by J. LeRoy Kay for the Carnegie Museum. Mr. Kay also worked this deposit for some time during the winter of 1927-28. The original collection made for the American Museum has already been described elsewhere^, and the collection in the Carnegie Museum, in so far as it adds to previous knowledge, is here considered. I am indebted to the authorities of the Carnegie Museum for the privilege of making this study. The illustrations in this paper, except Fig. 4, are from drawings by Mr. Sydney Prentice. All of these mammals are from a layer of carbonaceous clay above Coal Vein No. 3, in the Eagle Mine, Bear Creek, Carbon County, Montana. A revised list, including all the mammals so far identified in the collections of the American Museum, the Carnegie Museum, and that of Dr. Siegfriedt, follows: INSECTIVORA. Family PLAGIOMENIDT:. Planetetherium mirabile Simpson. Family NYCTITHERIIDT:. Protentomodon ursirivalis Simpson. Family PANTOLESTID^. ..Pentacodon cf. inversus Cope. Family LEPTICTIDT:. Leptacodon (Leipsanolestes) siegfriedti (Simpson). INSECTIVORA OR PRIMATES. Family PLESIADAPID^. Plesiadapis sp. indet. Labiodolemur kayi, sp. nov. ^Simpson, G. G., 1928. A New Mammalian Fauna from the Fort Union of Southern Montana. Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 297. 115 116 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Family TARSIID^. Carpolestes nigridens Simpson. T^NIODONTA. Family STYLINODONTID^. ..Psittacotherium sp. CREODONTA. Family OXYCL^NID^. Thryptacodon pseudarctos Simpson. Family MESONYCHID^. Dissacus cf. navajovius Cope. DESCRIPTIONS. Order INSECTIVORA. Family PLAGIOMENIDT^ Matthew, 1918. Planetetherium mirabile Simpson, 1928. The new material permits important emendations and additions to our knowledge of this curious animal. The heel of M 3 proves to have been badly preserved in the specimen previously figured^, but is complete and nearly unworn in Cam. Mus. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,700. On the heel the hypoconid is low and single. The external 1 P 3 Fig. I. Planetetherium mirabile Simpson. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,700. I. Crown view; 2. External view; 3. Internal view. Enlarged 3 diameters. ^Amer. Mus. No. 22,161. Simpson, Am. Mus. Novitates, 297, 1928, p. 13. fig. 8. Simpson: Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana. 117 and posterior sides of the basin are formed by a single oblique wall, the main part of which is constituted by two subequal cusps, the entoconid and hypoconulid. Anterior and slightly external to the former is a small and imperfectly differentiated cuspule, and internal and slightly posterior to the hypoconulid is a still smaller cuspule. Most valuable of the new material referable to this species is a right upper jaw with P^-M^ Carnegie Museum Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 1 1,671. This confirms the generic reference of the two teeth previously described^ but shows that the analogies used in identifying their positions in the series were false. The supposed M^ is probably and the supposed P^ is probably P^. Little doubt attaches to the specific reference of the present specimen. It occludes perfectly with the lower teeth of this species and its dental characters are harmoni- ous. P^ is submolariform, but is longer and narrower than the molars; the styles small and nearly in line with the paracone and metacone, the latter imperfectly separated and the metacone the smaller of the two; conules absent, protocone reduced and talon-like. There was a short diastema in front of this tooth. P^ has previously been described (as M^). It is fully molariform and has a blunt protocone, directed somewhat forward, two small equal conules, large equal paracone and metacone, distinct metastyle directly external to the metacone, small parastyle anterior to the paracone, and an irregular external cingulum. M^ is somewhat similar, but is less oblique and has a longitudinal series of four small cusps between the paracone and metacone and the external cingulum. On both P^ and M^ there are narrow, regular anterior and posterior cingula, as well as the irregular external cingu- lum, but they do not extend forward upon the base of the protocone and there is no trace of a hypocone. The mental foramen is above the anterior root of P^. The zygoma arises chiefly above M^ and its root is flattened and excavated later- ally. This new material permits an important step forward in the inter- pretation of the relationships of this extraordinary genus. The structure of the parts now known is so distinctive from other groups, but so similar to that of Plagiomene Matthew from the Wasatch^ that intimate relationship with the latter can hardly be questioned. Among the numerous points of resemblance may be noted the follow- ing: fully molariform P|; molar paraconids reduced, median; pro- toconid and metaconid subequal; talonid structure almost identical; external cingulum on lower molars; rugose enamel; upper molar struc- ture almost identical; mental foramen and anterior root of zygoma similar in position and structure. Planetetherium is thus to be placed in the family Plagiomenidce, ^Amer. Mus. Nos. 22,160, 22,168. Simpson, loc. cit., 1928, pp. 12-13, fig. 9. Matthew, W. D.. 1918. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVIII, p. 598-602. 118 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. among the Insectivora. There is nothing definite to add regarding the dubious relationships of this family. Matthew has suggested tentatively that it may be related to the Galeopithecidce and the evi- dence on this point is not materially altered by the addition of this more ancient genus to the family. Family LEPTICTIDT^, Gill, 1872. Genus Leptacodon, Matthew & Granger, it}2i. Diagnosis: Trigonids lower than in Diacodon, paraconids distinct, but small; protoconids nearly equal to metaconids, or slightly higher. Molars reduced in size from first to third. Heel of M 3 with three subequal cusps, hypoconulid strongly projecting posteriorly, but not excluded from basin. P4 with small metaconid almost connate with the protoconid, heel with small narrow internal basin and long ex- ternal slope. Type: L. tener Matthew & Granger, 1921. Restudy of Leipsanolestes Simpson persuades me that I was in error in distinguishing this genus too sharply from Leptacodon and in not referring it to the Leptictidce. It now seems best to consider it as a subgenus only. Aside from further study of the original material, this conclusion is based on new and better specimens in the collection of the Carnegie Museum and also on publication of further data regarding Adapisorex, an allied European genus, by Teilhard.^ The resemblance of Leipsanolestes to Adapisorex remains, of course, but it is less close than to Leptacodon, and Teilhard has now shown that the genus Adapisorex is leptictid in structure and that the family Adapisoricidce has little claim to conservation. As Teilhard points out, this altered conception tends to invalidate the view of Lemoine, Matthew, and others, that the Adapisoricids were ancestral to the Tupaiids, although it does not preclude a close collateral relationship. Subgenus Leipsanolestes Simpson. Diagnosis: Internal cusps of lower molars more elevated relative to external cusps than in typical Leptacodon. Hypoconulid of M 1- 2 not projecting quite so far posteriorly. Cusps slightly stouter. Type: Leptacodon {Leipsanolestes) siegfriedti (Simpson). Leptacodon (Leipsanolestes) siegfriedti (Simpson), 1928. This species was sufficiently characterized in the original publica- tion. Although a small form, it is generally more robust than Lepta- codon tener. One of the new specimens, a right lower jaw with P 4-M 3 ^P. Teilhard de Chardin, 1927. Mem. d. Musee Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, No. 36, p. 7-1 1. .A copy of this important work did not reach me until after the publication of my first paper on the Bear Creek fauna. Simpson: Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana. 119 (Carnegie Mus. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,553), differs from a previously figured specimen® in having P4 slightly more robust, the heel basin wider, but this is insufficient for specific distinction. INSECTIVORA OR PRIMATES. Eamily PLESIADAPIDiE Trouessart, 1897. Genus Labidolemur Matthew & Granger, 1921. Diagnosis: Dental formula probably 1 1 C 0 Pi M3. One greatly enlarged procumbent incisor, crown completely enameled, trihedral, with knife-like supero-external margin, tip curved upwards, large root extending back beneath cheek-teeth. P4 reduced, with simple recurved apex and unbasined heel. Molar trigonids elongate, sub- quadrate. Protoconid and metaconid subequal, the latter somewhat the more posterior. Paraconid antero-internal, small but distinct, well removed from the larger metaconid. A minute, ridge-like fourth trigonid cusp anterior to the protoconid, progressively less distinct from M 1 to M3. Talonids on Mi- 2 wide, basined, cusps of elevated rim indistinctly differentiated. Trigonid of M 3 about same size as that of M 2, talonid very slightly longer, with a simple oval basin surrounded by a continuous, obscurely cuspidate rim. Jaw relatively short and deep, with posterior mental foramen beneath molars. Type: Labidolemur soricoides Matthew & Granger. The above diagnosis extends and somewhat alters that given by Matthew and Granger in the original description of the genus, ^ the changes being due to the present Fort Union specimen and to a re- study of the original genotypic materials on this basis. The pecu- liarity of the trigonid is recognized in more detail. M 3, especially, is believed to be quite different from that originally referred to the genus. The authors of the genus drew their conception of M 3 from two supposed topotypes of L. soricoides (from the Mason Pocket of the Tiffany Beds in southwestern Colorado), one including M 2- 3 and the other an isolated M 3. I believe the reference of these specimens to this species probably to have been incorrect. In the referred M2 the trigonid is very short, with subequal and almost connate paraconid and metaconid, and the heels of the referred last molars are bilobed and very elongate. This sort of M 3 could not belong in the alveoli of the type of L. soricoides, it is too large, too elongate, the posterior root too large in proportion to the anterior. The Bear Creek specimen described below is very close to L. soricoides in the structure of M 1. Its type of last lower molar could well be accommodated by the alveoli of the genoholotype, allowing for difference of species, and is much more harmonious with M 1 in structure than are the posterior molars referred to the genus by Matthew and Granger. ®Amer. Mus. No. 22,179. Simpson, loc. cit., 1928, fig. 3a. ^Matthew, W. D., and Granger. W. 1921. Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 13, p. 4. 120 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. An incisor from the Bear Creek deposit has previously been referred to Labidolemur^. Its root is of the same size and proportions as that preserved in the present specimen and it probably belonged to the same species. The systematic position of this genus is very uncertain. The molar type is unique, but finds its closest analogies among some of the early Tarsioids. The resemblance is not conclusive, but this general molar type combined with reduced ante-molars and an enlarged procumbent incisor permits inclusion in the PlesiadapidcB. This reference, it must be emphasized, is based as much on the default of evidence as on its presence. The genus is so distinct from the more normal Plesiadapids (as Plesiadapis, or Nothodectes, itself) that real relationship is not assured. Labidolemur kayi, sp. nov. Type: C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,703. Part of left lower jaw with P4-M3. Collected by J. LeRoy Kay, 1928. Fig. 2. Left lower jaw of Labidolemur kayi, sp. nov. Simpson. Type C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,703. i. Crown view; 2. External view; 3. Internal view. Enlarged 3 diameters. Horizon and Locality: Paleocene, Fort Union Series, Eagle Coal Mine, Bear Creek, Carbon County, Montana. Diagnosis: Paraconid and anteroexternal cusp of M 1 somewhat more distinct, less crest-like, than in L. soricoides. Molars slightly larger, length M 1-3: 5.7 mm. Jaw relatively deeper, 5.1 mm. in depth below M 2 internally. ^Simpson, G. G., loc. ciL. 1928, p. 15. Simpson: Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana. 121 T^NIODONTA. Family STYLINODONTID^ Marsh, 1875. ..Psittacotherium, sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,560, presented by J. F. Lobdell, superintendent of the Eagle Mine, is a right lower canine of a Taenio- dont allied to Psittacotherium. It does not belong to any described species, and on the evidence of this tooth alone might be a rather advanced species of Psittacotherium, a primitive species of Calamodon, or a distinct form. From Psittacotherium multifragum of the Torrejon Fig. 3. Right lower canine of Psittacotherium sp. indet. C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,560. Slightly reduced. it differs chiefly in the more compressed posterior, enamel-free por- tion, and the apparently more persistent, possibly continuous, growth. From Calamodon simplex of the Wasatch it differs chiefly in the relatively smaller anteroposterior diameter, shorter length along axis of growth, enamel band not extending quite so far upon the lateral faces, and the absence of longitudinal grooves on the enamel. Nearly the whole of the tooth is preserved. It is well worn, but growth and enamel deposition were still in progress. The enamel is slightly rugose, but without definite grooves or ridges. The antero- posterior diameter is 27 mm,, maximum transverse diameter 16 mm., length along anterior curve 128 mm. (a few millimeters broken off posteriorly). CREODONTA. Family MESONYCHID^ Cope, 1875. Dissacus cf. navajovius (Cope), 1881. The presence of Dissacus at Bear Creek is established by two teeth in the collection of J. C. F. Siegfriedt, examined through the 122 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. kindness of the owner. A second upper molar (Carnegie Museum, Cat. Vert. Foss. No. 11,693, a cast presented by Dr. Siegfriedt) is slightly broader than the corresponding tooth of D. navajovius but is not sufficiently well preserved for close comparison. The second specimen, a left M 2, is slightly larger than in D. navajovius, the meta- conid lower and more anterior, the paraconid relatively a little larger, the heel lower (possibly from wear). The internal basal swelling is also straighter and less depressed below the posterior notch. The metaconid is lower, the paraconid relatively larger, and the talonid relatively smaller than in D. navajovius longcBvus from the Wasatch. Save for its larger size, the closest resemblance is with D. europmis and D. gaudryi (possible synonyms) from the French Thanetian. The material does not warrant any exact reference. Fig. 4. Internal views of second left lower molars of various species of Dissacus. A. Dissacus navajovius; B. D. sp.? from Ft. Union; C. D. europceus; D. D. gaudryi; E. D. filholi; F. D. prccnuntius , G. D. navajovius longcEvus. (C-E after Teilhard de Chardin). VIL NOTES UPON SOME GYRINIDT: IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By Dr. Georg Ochs, Frankfurt-am-Main. This paper is the result of the examination of some of the Gyrinidce in the Carnegie Museum. The writer wishes to thank Dr. A. Avinoff, the Director, and Dr. Hugo Kahl, Curator of Entomology, who very kindly gave him the opportunity to study this very interesting material. Genus Gyrinus Linnaeus. I. Gyrinus floridensis sp. nov. Long. 4.75 — 5.25 mm. Ovalis, vix elongatus, sat convexus. Siipra nigro-ceneus vel osneus; infra nigro-metallicus, segmento anali rufo, pedibus flavescentibus. Re- ticulatione in elytris transversa et obliqua; serierum punctis tenuibus, extus vix magis impressis; margine externo parum lato; truncatura convexa, angulis rotundatis. Habitat: Lutz, Florida, April, 1926 (Krautwurm, coll.) Type, male, five male paratypes, and a female (allotype) in the Carnegie Museum; a female (paratype) in collection of Georg Ochs. Form oval, moderately convex. Upper surface uniformly black, or slightly bronzed, a little more strongly bronzed narrowly along the margins; body beneath bronze-black; anal segment rufous; feet yellowish. Luster rather dull, due to the fine transverse and oblique alutaceous sculpture of the elytra in both sexes. Strial punctures rather fine, not perceptibly larger and more impressed laterally; eleventh stria quite close to the margin, the latter not very wide. Male genitalia: Rufo-testaceous, more or less dusky apically; middle lobe broad, arcuately expanded, and above concave apically, where its width is subequal to that of the lateral lobes; tip broadly rounded. Resembling in size and general appearance G. analis Say, but dis- tinguished by the transverse oblique alutaceous ground-sculpture, which is alike in both sexes (in the male of G. analis sculpture is nearly wanting, in the female it consists of round meshes). The male genitalia are quite unlike in the two species. In the matter of the genitalia and the ground-sculpture of the elytra there is much affinity to G.frosti Fall; the latter, however, is much larger in size, broader in form, and more gibbose, with the lateral margin of the elytra broader. 123 124 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Genus Enhydrus Castelnau. {Enhydrus Castelnau, Etiid. Ent., 1834, p. no) 2. Enhydrus tibialis Regimbart. Enhydrus tibialis Regimbart, 1876, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. ccxv. Enhydrus (Epinectes) tibialis Regimbart, 1877, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (5) VII, p. 107, t. 6, ff. 2, 2a. Enhydrus tibialis Regimbart, 1882, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) II, p. 431, t. 12, f. 52. Enhydrus tibialis Regimbart, 1883, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) III, t. 6, f. 69. Enhydrus tibialis Regimbart, 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXXVI, p. 154. Recorded by Regimbart from Brazil; Matto Grosso (Spencer Moore) British Museum, and Chapa, 2,000 ft. (A. Robert) British Museum. In my collection from Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, (Zimmermann leg.). In the Carnegie Museum a series from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Aug., Dec. (H. H. Smith, coll.). Genus Dineutus Macleay. (Synonym Dineutes auct. mzilt.) 3. Dineutus (Cyclinus) emarginatus Say. Gyrinus emarginatus Say, 1825, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, p, 108. Dineutes americanus Aube, 1838, Spec. Col., VI, p. 777. Dineutes emarginatus Leconte, 1868. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., pp. 366-367. Dineutes emarginatus Regimbart, 1882, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) II, p. 417. Dineutes emarginatus Roberts, 1895, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 283, Pis. 5 and 6, ff. 3, 3a, 3b. Dineutes emarginatus Regimbart, 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXXVI, p. 148. Dineutes emarginatus Blatchley, 1910, Coleopt. of Indiana, p. 241. Dineutes emarginatus Long & Mutchler, 1918, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., XXXVIII pp. 95-96. Dineutes emarginatus Blatchley, 1919, Bull, Amer. Mus. N. H., XLI, p. 316. Dineutus {Cyclinus) emarginatus Ochs, 1926, Ent, Zeitschr. Frank!., XXXX, p. 136. Cited by Leconte (1868, /. c. ) from the middle and northern States of U. S. A. Roberts (1895, 1. c.) says more precisely “middle and northern Atlantic States” and adds Virginia as the most southern habitat. Blatchley says it occurs in southern Indiana. I have seen specimens from Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., and W. Va., which vary to a certain degree, but generally agree well with the characters given Ochs: Gyrinid^ in the Carnegie Museum. 125 by Roberts. The largest specimen seen (from W. Va., Cheat River, Aug., in the Carnegie Museum) measures 12 mm. in length. 4. Subsp. floridensis subsp. nov. Size smaller than that of typical specimens (8.5 — 10 mm.); shape more narrowly oval; surface black, not bronze-red; punctures and striae very faint. Lateral margins of elytra even less sinuate in the female; sutural angles feebly rounded. Setigerous punctures on the surface of femora apparently only six in the males, seven in the females. Types from Lutz, Florida, April, 1926 (Krautwurm coll.) in the Carnegie Museum and in my collection; additional specimens from the same locality taken March 4-15, 1922 (Krautwurm). These specimens are very similar to D. {Cyclinus) carolinus Lee., consorting with which they were captured, and with which, indeed, I had at first confounded them. But the male genitalia are very different, and the apices of the elytra are not serrulate, as they al- ways are in D. carolinus. The latter character, already pointed out by Roberts, is the best for distinguishing D. emarginatus and D. carolinus. Contrary to what I stated in 1926 ( C/. Ent. Zeitschr. Frankf., XXXX, 1926, p. 191). I am now convinced, that we are dealing with two different species, which in Florida, as well as in Georgia, frequent the same locality, where they live together, becom- ing more or less affiliated in their characters. Specimens from Georgia (Bainbridge coll. May 30), (J. C. Bradley coll. June I, 1911), and Okefenoke Swamp, Mixons Hammock, June 16, 1912, in the Collection of Cornell University, are intermediate between emaraginatus emarginatus and emarginatus floridensis, but are nearer to the typical form. 5. Dineutus (Cyclinus) carolinus Leconte, subsp. mutchleri Ochs. Dineutus carolinus Leconte, subsp. mutchleri Ochs, 1924, Am. Mus. Novit., No. 125, p. 3. Dineutus {Cyclinus) emarginatus Say, subsp. mutchleri Oens, 1926, Ent. Zeitschr. Frankf., XXXX, pp. 136, 191. This form is represented in the collection of the Carnegie Museum by a small series from the Bahamas, (Nassau, Blue Hills; W. W. Worthington coll.). 126 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. When I described this subspecies, comparison was chiefly made with specimens from Texas. Meanwhile I have seen many specimens of D. carolinus from Florida and Georgia, which are less distinct from the Bahaman specimens, than those from Texas; but I do not know whether the latter agree better with specimens from South Carolina, which is the type locality, than with those from Florida and Georgia. In all male specimens from the above mentioned localities the oedeagus is slender and gradually narrowed to apex, as indicated by me in the description of D. mutchleri, and it seems that the figure given by Roberts (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, pi. 6, f.4b) is not correct. * 6. Dineutus (Cyclinus) productus Roberts. Dineutes productus Roberts, 1895, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 285, PI. 5 and PI. 6, ff. 8, 8a, 8b. Dineutes productus Regimbart, 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXXVI, p. 146. Dineutus {Cyclinus) productus Ochs, 1926, Ent. Zeitschr. Frank!., XXXX, p. 137- Originally described from four specimens from Texas. Regimbart cites another specimen from Carolina. I have seen only one specimen of this species from Dallas, Texas, in the Museum of Berlin, and a small series from Clifton, Texas, May 30, 1907, in the Carnegie Museum. All other specimens, received from different sources as productus, were incorrectly determined, and belonged to other allied species. It seems that D. productus is a very scarce insect. 7. Dineutus (Dineutus 5. str.) longimanus Olivier. Gyrinus longimanus Olivier, 1795, Ent. Ill, 41, p. ii, t. i, f. 3. Gyrinus excisus Forsberg, 1821, Nov. Act. Ups., VIII, p. 301. Dineutes longimanus Aube, 1838, Icon. V, p. 408, t. 46, f. 5. Dineutes longimanus Aube, 1838, Spec. Col., VI, p. 782. Dineutes longimanus Chevrolat, 1863, Ann. S. E. Fr. (4) III, p. 203. Dineutes longimanus Regimbart, 1882, Ann. S. E. Fr., (6) II, p. 413, t. ii, f. 35. Dineutes longimanus Sharp, 1882, Biol. Centr.-Amer., I, 2, p. 49. Dineutes longimanus Zimmermann, 1917, Ent. Mitt., VI, p. 137. Dineutus longimanus OcHS, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 125, p. 5. Dineutus longimanus Ochs, 1924, Ent. Blatter, XX, p. 236. Dineutus longimanus Ochs, 1925, Ent. Blatter, XXI, p. 174. Dineutus {Dineutus s. str.) longimanus Ochs, 1926, Ent. Zeitschr. Frank!., XXXX, pp. 138, 192. .Ochs: Gyrinid^ in the Carnegie Museum. 127 In the collection of the Carnegie Museum from Constanza, San Domingo; 5,000 ft., Aug., 1922. These probably belong to the typical form, as the species was originally described from the island of San Domingo by Olivier. Specimens collected in Porto Rico (subsp. portoricensis Ochs, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 125, p. 5) are, although somewhat different, apparently the nearest to the typical form. The Carnegie Museum has moreover several specimens from Jamaica (Hope River, Gordon Town, St. Andrews, August, 1900) which seem to approach the subsp. cuhensis Ochs, 1926, Ent. Zeitschr. Frankf., XXXX, p. 192. Meantime I have seen in the collection of the United States National Museum specimens from Haiti: Suzanne, Sept. 28, 1925; Camp Perrin, July 30, 1925 (Hoffmann); St. Michel, Nov., 1925 (E. C. Leonard); Porto Rico, Cayey; Castleton Gardens, Jamaica, ca. 500 ft., Jan. 4, 1913 (W. Harris); Cuba; El Guama, Feb. 24-Mar. 5. (Palmer & Riley). 8. Gyretes levis Brulle. Gyretes levis Brulle, 1837-1843, Voyage d’Orbigny, VI, 2, p. 52. Gyretes levis Aube, 1838, Spec. Col., VI, p. 757. Gyretes levis Regimbart, 1883, Ann. S. E. Fr., (6) III, p. 398, t. ii, f. 115. Gyretes levis Regimbart, 1891, Ann. S. E. Fr., LX, p. 687. Gyretes levis Regimbart, 1903, Bull. S. E. Ital., XXXV, p. 73. Gyretes levis Regimbart, 1907, Ann. S. E. Fr., LXXVI, p. 187. Gyretes levis Zimmermann, 1924, Boll. Mus. Torino, XXXIX, p, 3. Gyretes levis Zimmermann, 1924, Ark. f. ZooL, XVI, 4, p. 3. In the collection of the Carnegie Museum there is a single female specimen from Brazil (Arima, Rio Purus, Nov., 1922, S. M. Klages coll.), in which the tomentose border of the elytra is very much broadened posteriorly. It resembles specimens seen from the Rio Autaz (Zimmermann /. c., 1924) and probably belongs to the varietal form, which is mentioned by Regimbart from Venezuela (/. c., 1907). Another female in the Carnegie Museum from Brazil (Matto Grosso, Corumba, February) and a male specimen from the same locality (Dec. 14-23, 1919, R. G. Harris coll.) contained in the collec- tion of Cornell University are similar to specimens from S. Catarina in my collection, which agree very well with Regimbart’s description and perhaps represent the typical form. 128 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 9. Gyretes sexualis Regimbart. Gyretes sexualis Regimbart, 1883, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) III, p. 388, t. ii, f. 99. Gyretes sexualis Regimbart, 1891, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LX, p. 684. Gyretes sexualis Regimbart, 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXXVI, p. 182. Gyretes sexualis Zimmermann, 1924, Boll. Mus. Torino, XXXIX, p. 3, Represented in the collection of the Carnegie Museum by a large female specimen (8 mm. in length) from the Lower Mamore River, Bolivia (Steinbach coll.). I hitherto had only seen specimens from Paraguay in the Hamburg Museum, which, as already mentioned by Regimbart, are of a little smaller size. Recently I had before me from the Dresden Museum a large male, labelled “Peru(?)” and a female of medium size from Amazonas. In the latter the outline of the posterior constriction of the hairless part of the elytra is more rounded than in the specimens from Paraguay. 10. Gyretes lucidus sp. nov. Long.: 7.5 — 8. mm. Elongato-ovalis, antice et postice attenuatus, valde convexus. Supra ceneus, nitidus, ad latera punctato-tomentosus; infra nigro-piceus, ano et pedi- bus natatoriis rufis. Labro semi-circulari, supra leviter reticulato, fortiter punctato et ciliis flavis instructo; capite et pronoto fortiter reticulatis (areolis rotundatis) et remote punctatis, spatio Icevi in pronoto trapeziformi, margine tomentoso sat lato; elytris spatio loevi vix visibiliter transversim reticulato punctisque remotis instructo, in (felliptico, postice leviter acuminato, in 9 paulo magis prolongato; margine tomen- toso ad basin intus dilatato, postea suturam attingente; truncatura recta, angulo externo spinoso, fortiter producto, interno vix prominulo. Tibiis anticis triangularibus , ad basin valde attenuatis, apicem versus intus dilatatis, angulo externo apicali obtuso rotundato; tarsis in (S' modice dilatatis, ovalibus, antice attenuatis, in 9 parallelis angustis. Habitat: Brasilia, Santarem, Sept. Type, 9 , in the Carnegie Museum, paratypes in the Carnegie Mu- seum and in my collection. Nearly related to G. bidens Olivier, G. sexualis Regimbart, and G. speculiger Regimbart. Smaller than G. bidens (from Cayenne) and in shape more elongate and less broadened; the tomentose border of elytra broader, the smooth area therefore more narrowly oval, basally more constricted, and posteriorly more strongly acuminate. Larger than G. speculiger (paratypes); broader and less attenuated posteriorly. The smooth area in elytra posteriorly much more elongate, and very dissimilar in the females. Ochs: Gyrinid^ in the Carnegie Museum. 129 A little smaller than G. sexiialis (from Paraguay), in which the smooth area in elytra is also less elongate and more conspicuously acuminate posteriorly, especially in the females, which are moreover opaque because of the strong alutaceous sculpture on the smooth area of the elytra, while in G. lucidus the latter are very shining. The oedeagus of G. lucidus, cT, is nearly as long as the lateral lobes and in its basal parallel part nearly as wide as the lateral lobes at the apex; it is gradually narrowed and acuminate to the apex. In G. sexualis and G. speculiger the oedeagus is less slender; in G. speculiger the lateral lobes are very slender apically, in G. hidens the oedeagus is still more broadened. II. Gyretes suturalis Regimbart. Gyretes suturalis Regimbart, 1883, Ann. S. E. Fr., (6) III, p. 386, t. ii, ff. 97, 97a. Gyretes suturalis Regimbart, 1891, Ann. S. E. Fr., LX, p. 684. Gyretes suturalis Regimbart, 1907, Ann. S. E. Fr., LXXVI, p. 182. Hitherto only two male specimens of this species have been known: the type from Yurimaguas (Regimbart coll.), another from Nanta (British Museum); both localities on the upper Amazon. The Car- negie Museum has a third specimen, male, from S. Paulo de Olivenga, Upper Amazonas, (Klages coll.. May, 1923). It measures 9.75 mm. in length. The smooth parts of the upper surface are rather coppery; the under surface is somewhat more brightly coloured than Regim- bart’s description indicates, being piceous, somewhat rufescent; posterior legs and abdominal segments, the latter especially along the middle, dark red. This makes it probable, that it represents a freshly developed individual. The labrum is strongly punctured and ciliate above, with long reddish hairs along the anterior margin, and only slightly alutaceous towards the base. Clypeus slightly alutaceous. Head and pronotum with a stronger ground-sculpture consisting of round meshes, somewhat vermiculate, and with small distant punc- tures. Smooth part of elytra not alutaceous, only punctured; on the pubescent areas there is a fine ground-sculpture of round meshes, and the hairs each rise from a deep round groove. Anterior tibise with a right exterior apical angle, which is slightly produced by a small sinuation of the exterior margin behind it; anterior tarsi elongate- oval, attenuated at the tip. Since writing the foregoing I have seen two additional specimens of this species belonging to the Dresden Museum, one of which is a fe- 130 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. male. The latter differs from the male in being more elongate; the smooth part of the elytra is more extended posteriorly and the punc- tures in it are more numerous; as usual the anterior tarsi are not dilated in the female sex. These specimens were taken in Eastern Ecuador by Dr. Ohaus on December 30, 1905, while travelling by boat down the Rio Villano, which rises N. E. of Canalos and joins the Rio Curaray, a right affluent of the Rio Napo. The male measures 10.75 mm. in length; the female only 10.25 mm.; in the smooth part of the elytra there is, under high power, a trace of an alutaceous sculpture, which is rather remarkable in the female. 12. Gyretes multisetosus sp. nov. Long. 4.5 — 5. mm. Ovalis, vix elongatus, sat convexus, ad humeros parum in- flatus, antice et postice attenuatus. Supra niger, nitidus, iridescens; flavo-marginatus. Infra piceus, pectore medio, ano, pedibusque ferrugineis, epipleuris flavis. Labro nigro, transverso, antice parum arcuato et flavo-ciliato, supra punctato-piloso. Reti- culatione super ficiei fere nulla, margine tomentoso in pronoto antice fere duplo latiore, in elytris sat lato, postice dilatato et suturam ante apicem attingente, elytra cceterum punctis multis remotis setigeris instructa. Truncatura elytrorum obliqua, leviter bisinuata, angulis interno rotundato, externo obtuso leviter prominulo. Tibiis anticis triangularibus, in cfangulo apicali externo valde rotundato, tarsis dilatatis, ad apicem attenuatis; in 9 angulo externo apicali tibiarum minus deleto, tarsis angustis parallelis. (Loedeago angusto, parallelo, ad apicem breviter rotundatim acuminato, longitudine et latitudine paramerum. Habitat: Brasilia, Matto Grosso, Chapada, Aug. Types in the Carnegie Museum and in my collection. Easily distinguished by the numerous setigerous punctures dispersed on the discs of the elytra. Smaller in size than G. cinctus and its allies; similar to G. tiimidtis, but not so strongly convex and less compressed posteriorly. Distinguished furthermore by the broad tomentose borders of the elytra, which at the base are nearly as wide as the apical part of the pronotum. In this character it is like G. ohlongus, which is, however, much more elongate and, moreover, distinguished by the sharp exterior apical angle of the anterior tibiae. 13. Gyretes globosus sp. nov. Long. 5.5 — 5.75 mm. Ovalis, brevis, postice parum attenuatus, valde convexus. Supra niger, nitidus, iridescens, flavo-marginatus. Infra piceus, pectore medio, ano, pedibusque ferrugineis; epipleuris flavis. Labro nigro, transverso, antice parum arcuato et flavociliato, supra punctato-piloso. Reticulatione superficiei fere nulla, margine tomentoso in pronoto, antice fere duplo latiore, in elytris ad humeros angustis- Ochs: Gyrinid ^ in the Carnegie Museum. 131 simo, postice regulariter et sat fortiter dilatato, suturam vix ante apicem attingente. Truncatura elytrorum obliqua {in 9 plus quam ins'), leviter hisinuata, angulis suturali recto, parum rotundato, externo obtuso vix prominulo. Tibiis anticis tri- angularibus, in cf ad apicem oblique truncatis, angulo externo valde rotundato, tarsis dilatatis ovalibus, ad apicem attenuatis; in 9 tibiis anticis recte truncatis, angulo apicali externo minus deleto, tarsis angustis. d'cedeago angusto, ad apicem regulariter acuminato, parameris paulo breviore et angustiore. Habitat: Brasilia, Matto Grosso, Chapada, August. Types in the Carnegie Museum and in my collection. Very near to G. burmeisteri Ochs, having nearly its size and the same outline of the tomentose border of the elytra. G. globosus is, however, more convex, more broadly oval, and less attenuated posteriorly. It is distinguished furthermore by the shape of the male genitalia, the oedeagus being gradually narrowed in G. globosus, while in G. burmeisteri there is an evident constriction towards the apex and the tip is more finely acuminate. In order to facilitate the determination of Gyretes globosus and its allies, which form together a group of very similar species, which are likely to be confounded, I am giving hereafter a key, which will suffice to distinguish the same. Key to Gyretes cinctus Germar and allied species. (Length 5.5 — 6.5 mm., side margin bordered with yellow). I. Exterior apical angle of anterior tibiae sharp; oedeagus very broad 2 Exterior apical angle of anterior tibiae rounded; oedeagus much narrower 3 2. Inner outline of the tomentose border of elytra concave posteriorly; lateral lobes of male genitalia robust * cinctus Germar. Inner outline of the tomentose border of elytra convexly curved posteriorly; lateral lobes of male genitalia thin *dubius Ochs. 3. Disc of prothorax strongly alutaceous (with round meshes) ; inner outline of the tomentose border of elytra strongly convexly curved behind *zimmermanni Ochs. Disc of prothorax not, or only feebly, alutaceous; inner outline of the tomen- tose border of elytra regularly broadened behind 4 4. Body very convex, short, oval, scarcely attenuated behind .. Ochs. Body less convex, a little more elongate and more evidently attenuated behind 5 5. Tomentose border of elytra generally only feebly broadened behind; oedeagus very narrow, parallel, only for a short distance rounded at the apex *glabratus Regimbart Tomentose border of elytra generally more broadened behind 6 132 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 6. Anterior legs robust; oedeagus nearly as long as the lateral lobes, constricted and very finely acuminate apically (Brazil) *burmeisteri Ochs. Anterior legs less robust ; oedeagus shorter than the lateral lobes, parallel, some- what narrowed and for a short distance rounded at the apex (Ecuador) Hojensis Regimbart. 14. Gyretes nitidulus Laboulbene Gyretes nitidulus Laboulbene, 1853, Ann. Soc. Ent. Er., (3) I, pp. 53-57, t. i, ff. 2, 2a. Gyretes nitidulus Regimbart, 1883, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6), III, p. 397, t, ii, f, 108. Gyretes nitidulus Regimbart, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), VII, p. 268. Gyretes nitidulus Regimbart, 1891, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LX, p. 687. Gyretes nitidulus Regimbart, 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXXVI, p, 184. Represented in the collection of the Carnegie Museum by a small series from Brazil (Arima, Rio Purus, Nov., 1922, Klages coll.), con- sisting of eight male specimens and six females, one of which is not alutaceous on the upper surface. In these specimens the labrum is bright red, moreover they are a little larger and especially broader than specimens from Surinam, which are generally abundant in col- lections. Although of the latter many specimens have been seen, there were not found among them any alutaceous females. A small series seen from Paraguay and Parana contained no other than alutaceous females; the specimens from these localities are a little shorter and humerally slightly inflated, and in the males the alutaceous ground-sculpture of the upper surface is more evident. There are moreover small differences in the tomentose border of the elytra in the three forms, but it seems that this character is subject to indi- vidual variation. In the male genitalia, the oedeagus is narrower in specimens from Surinam than in those from Rio Purus, while it is still broader and apically constricted in specimens from the above mentioned southern localities. Nevertheless, all must probably be considered as forms of one species, the remaining essential characters being alike. The specimens from the Rio Puriis are probably very near to, or perhaps identical with, the type, which was described from ‘‘Amazonas.” The specimens which differ most are those from Paraguay and Parana. *These species are particularly treated and descriptions are given in a paper from me on Gyretes, which probably may appear in the “Revista Chilena,” before this article is published. Ochs: Gyrinid^ in the Carnegie Museum. 133 15. Orectogyrus patromimus sp, nov. Long. 7.25 mm. {ano excepto). Ovalis, parum elongatus, postice oblique attenuatus, parum convexus. Supra niger, in medio nitidus, ad latera punctato-tomentosus, pubescentia aurea, anguste luteo-marginatus; infra piceus, pectore medio abdomine pedibusque, rufescentibus, margine inflexo elytrorum et pronoti flavo. Labro nigro, transverso, antice arcuato, punctato-piloso. Capite subtiliter reticulato {areolis rotundatis) , utrinque ante oculos macula parva obscure rufa. Pronoto in medio sub- tiliter reticulato {areolis rotundatis) , margine later ali tomentoso sat lato {dimidium oculi attingente) , parallelo, spatio Icevi trapeziformi. Elytris in medio reticulatione transversa vix visibili, margine laterali tomentoso antice pronoto vix latiore, ad duas partes parallelo, postea regulariter dilatato et suturam circiter ad quattuor partes attingente; spatio Icevi elongato-ovali, postea acuminato. Truncatura obliqua, bi- sinuata, angulo auturali obtuso, leviter rotundato, externo acuto subspinoso. Tibiis anticis gracilibus, ad basin attenuatis, postea subparallelis, angulo externo apicali obtuso rotundato, tarsis angustis parallelis. Habitat: Kamerus, Lolodorf, Sept., 1913 (A. I. Good). Type: i 9 in the Carnegie Museum. Somewhat recalls in general appearance Orectochilus (Patrus) javayius Aube and its allies, and is in size and form near to Orectochilus disciferWsWc^v. It is, however, a true ! Somewhat smaller and not so broad as 0. schonherri Regimbart and without the red- colored pattern on the prothorax and elytra, by which the latter species is distinguished. The two species differ moreover, in several other characters. Smaller and less elongate in shape than Orectogyrus mirahilis Regimbart; the smooth part of elytra more extended apically in 0. patronimus, the outer apical angle of elytra more prominent. The middle coxae in 0. patromimus are nearly as in 0. dorsiger Regim- bart {Cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) III, 1883, t. 13, f. 147a). 16. Orectogyrus grandis Regimbart. Orectogyrus grandis Regimbart, 1891, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LX, p. 715, t. 19, ff. 18, i8a. Orectogyrus grandis Regimbart, 1895, Mem. Soc. Ent. de Belg., IV, p. 231. Orectogyrus grandis Zimmermann, 1917, Ent. Mitt., VI, p. 169. Mentioned by Regimbart from French Congo, Franceville (Gam- bey), Benito, Mont, de Cristal (Mocquerys); by Zimmermann from Lolodorf, Kamerun. In my collection from Kamerun and Batanga (Poschet leg.). In the Carnegie Museum there is a series from Efulen, Kamerun: August and Sept., 1920, Dec. 27-30, 1920 (H. L. Weber 134 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. coll.). The specimens were captured together with specimens of Dineutus micans serra, Orectogyrus specularis, 0. conjungens and 0. demeryi var. intermedins. The Dresden Museum has a female speci- men from Ashanti {ex coll. Felsche). VIII. CELTIS MICROENDOCARPICA BROOKS. NOT A LITHOSPERMUM. By Betty Watt Brooks. (PLATE III.) Some months ago the writer described and figured in the Annals of the Carnegie Museum specimens of a species of Celtis, which had been turned over to her for identification. The specimens were found by Mr. J. B. Hatcher in 1886, in the brain-case of a rhinocerotid, Teleoceras fossiger (Cope), and were obtained by the Carnegie Museum through exchange with the U. S. National Museum. The skull origin- ally came from the ‘'Loup Eork” Miocene of Philips County, near Long Island, Kansas. Mr. Edward W. Berry ^ of the Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more, Maryland brought out a paper, which was published before mine ^ and therein described three new varieties of the genus and species, Lithospernmm fossilium Berry. The material which was identified and described in Berry’s paper was also collected by Mr. J. B. Hatcher from the “Loup Fork” formation. In this paper I wish to point out the identity of Lithospermitm fossilium var. rugosum Berry with Celtis microendocar pica described by me in the paper above cited. The synonomy may be given as follows: CELTIS MICROENDOCARPICA BROOKS. Celtis microendocar pica Brooks, Ann. Carnegie Mus., Vol. XVIII, No. 2, 1928. Lilhospermum fossilium var. rugosum Berry, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. Vol. 73, art. 13, pp. 1-3, PI. I. May I, 1928.= Celtis microendocar pica Brooks. non Celtis rugosa Willdenow, Species Plant. IV. 996,== Trema rugosa, Bluine, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II. 63. non Celtis rugosa Newberry, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Vol. V, 1882, [1883I, p. 510== Celtis lingualis Knowlton and Cockerell. non Celtis rugosa Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1912, XXXIX, 304, (Colorado) = Celtis rugulosa Rydberg, Flora Rocky Mountains, 207 (1917). non Celtis rugosa Chevall, Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc., I, 589. 1920 (Cote d’Ivoire). ^ Berry, E. W., Fossil nutlets of the Genus Lithospermum. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. Vol. 73, Art. 13, pp. 1-3, With pi. i. May i, 1928. ^ Brooks, Betty Watt, A New Species of Fossil Hackberry {Celtis) from the "Loup Fork" Miocene of Philips County, Kansas. Annals of Carnegie MuvSeum, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, May 31, 1928. 135 136 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. The seeds described by Berry do not belong to the genus Litho- spermiim, but to the genus Celtis as I maintained. I wish to emphasize the fact that I am only concerned with Berry’s species Lithospermum fossilium var. rugosum. The two other varieties that he has described, Lithospermum fossilium var. glahricm Berry and Lithospermum fos- silium var. aristatum Berry, I am content to leave as he identified them. In my earlier paper I made a very careful study of the fossil nutlets of Celtis and compared them with nutlets from some of our present day species of Celtis. Microscopic examination, drawings, and photo- graphs, proved clearly that the “reticulate ridges that divide the sur- face of the nutlets into many small polygons, and which in turn are divided by a network of finer ridges’’ ^ present a very definite character, and one which in my judgment is quite specific for both the fossil and the living species. (PI. Ill, figs. 1-9 and 14-19). Although Air. Berry feels that “smoothness and rugosity’’ ^ are not very good specific characters, I believe that it is rather far fetched to draw a comparison, as he has done, between the pitted type of seed and those with a definite pattern of reticulate ridges. The figures of Celtis (PI. Ill, figs. 1-9, 14-19) uphold this statement. The m6st outstanding character which distinguishes the fossil nutlets from the living forms is size. Both of the species of Celtis which are common in North America today, Celtis occidentalis Lin- naeus, and Celtis mississippiensis Bose, as well as some of the less common species, Celtis anfructosa Liebmann, Celtis pallida Torrey, Celtis reticulata Torrey, and Celtis crassifolia Lamark, (see figs. 14-19) have nutlets which are decidedly larger than the fossil nutlets, which average two millimeters at the basal end and one millimeter at the pointed apical end (see figs. 1-9). The seeds of Lithospermum with which Berry has compared the fossil nutlets are also larger and there- fore size cannot stand as a specific character (See PI. Ill, figs. 10-13). The shape of the fossil nutlets of Celtis is more or less oval, and although superficially they are somewhat similar to the seeds of Lithospermum their characteristic reticulated surfaces show them to be distinct. On the basis of the definite pattern which marks the surface of the ^ Brooks, Betty Watt, Ibid. ^ Berry, E. W., Stones of Celtis in the Tertiary of the Western United States. Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 298, Feb. 3, 1928. Celtis Microendocarpica Brooks. 137 fossil nutlets, and the close resemblance which they bear in their reticulate pattern to the seeds of living species of Celtis, I am forced to regard the species Lithospermum var. rugosum Berry, as a synonym of Celtis microendocarpica Brooks. The two other seeds described by Berry will remain as Lithospermum fossilium var. glahrnm Berry, and Lithospermum fossilium var. aristatum Berry. In conclusion I wish to thank Mr. Sydney S. Prentice for his kind and skilful preparation of the plate accompanying this paper. 138 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Figs. 1-9. Celtis micro'endocarpica Brooks. Nutlets from “Loup Fork’’ Miocene of Philips County, Kansas. X 5.6. Figs. 10-13. Lithos permtivi linearifolium Goldie. Nutlets of the existing species. Ozark Region, Arbuckle Mts., Davis, Okla. X 6.5 Figs. 14-19. Nutlets of living species. 14. Celtis mississippiensis Bose. From Mississippi Valley. St. Louis, Mo. X 6. 15. Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus. From Beltzhoover Park, South Side, Pitts- burgh, Pa. X 6. 16. Celtis anfructosa Liebmann. From Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. X 6. 17. Celtis pallida Torrey. From Fort Hills, Arizona. X 6. 18. Celtis reticulata Torrey. From bank of Columbia River, Klichitat Co., Washington. X 6. 19. Celtis crassifolia Lamark. From Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio. X 6. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate III. For explanation see opposite page. IX. A LIST OF PRIONID BEETLES TAKEN AT KARTABO, BARTICA DISTRICT, BRITISH GUIANA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. By Samuel H. Williams, Professor of Zoology, University of Pittsburgh. (PLATES IV-V). In presenting the following list of Prionince, the writer does not wish to suggest that the species mentioned are all of those which may be found at Kartabo. The list only enumerates those which actually have been found there. The list has been based upon the collections of the writer made from June to October, 1925, and from July to October, 1927, and the somewhat heterogenous collection of the New York Zoological Society, which in no way epresents an intensive survey. The specimens in the last named collection were taken at random by various members of Dr. Beebe’s parties, who were mainly interested in other fields of research. The only systematic records available are those made by the writer. While several of the species mentioned are represented during most of the year at Kartabo, there are doubtless many others present in seasons when no survey was made. The writer has experienced too many difficulties in jungle-studies to assume that he collected all of the species present during the months of his stay at Kartabo. Other forms taken elsewhere in British Guiana, and which are undoubtedly to be found at Kartabo, are not included in the list, which is strictly confined to Kartabo. The writer is at a loss to explain the entire absence of many well known genera, which are abundant in the region of the Orinoco to the northwest and in the two Guianas to the southeast. However, it would require a long period of time to exhaust the resources of Kar- tabo. Certain forms are either scarce or difficult to find. For instance, in all the years of investigation at Kartabo, only one specimen of Macrodontia cervicornis has been taken, and that dropped from above and landed at the writer’s feet. Such a large and conspicuous form, 139 140 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. were it abundant, would be well represented in the general collection, because no student, regardless of his interests, could overlook such a striking form. Like the mammals, the beetles seem to be abundant in an inverse ratio to their size. Due to the fact that many of them are not active, flying forms, their detection is largely a matter of chance. Then, too, some sap-drinking forms remain in the upper regions of the larger trees, while still others remain concealed during the hours of day- light and are chiefly about at night, so that they are not easily ob- tained. An attempt was made to ascertain the periods of activity of the various forms and the results of these studies made it possible to obtain abundant material in many cases. In attempting a systematic survey, the writer collected intensively at all hours of the day and night. Light screens and every sort of trapping device were used. Carcasses of mammals, serpents, lizards, and various kinds of excrement were used for bait. Frequently, in the darkness of night, some form would noisily fly past, and by quick use of the flash and net many such forms were taken. But attempts to secure biological data as to these did not usually meet with much success. To secure such data in most cases would require long resi- dence and incessant effort. There is no doubt that the coleopterous fauna of Kartabo is large, and the writer is convinced that the present list represents only a small percentage of the number of PrionincB to be found there; it is offered only as a contribution to our knowledge of the fauna of that one locality. In attempting to complete the study of the CeramhycidcB of the Kartabo District, the writer has exhausted every resource. Original descriptions, distributional records, and many types have been ex- amined. The identified collection has been checked against the museum collections both in Europe and America. The absence of many species from the collections of large museums (particularly of Lamiince. and Cerarnhycince) indicates the fertility of British Guiana for systematic work. The difficulties encountered in making a systematic survey of a new region are apt to convert the student to some of the various theories of classification on mathematical or other bases. The ex- amination of bulky bibliographies and failure to secure access to im- Williams: Prionid Beetles taken at Kartabo. 141 portant but rare papers, make systematic work rather tiresome and discouraging, and emphasize the need of monographic works. The tendency of some workers to visit a comparatively unknown region for a short time, and then to assume that all forms taken must be new, is to be frowned upon. There is a tendency toward greater conservatism in the creation of new species than was formerly the custom. The conservative student, having experienced so much dis- couragement in eliminating synonyms, will welcome anything that may tend to reduce his labors. The overlapping of Amazonian and Central American faunae in British Guiana makes extreme caution necessary in listing forms from that region. In the synonymy of the species in this paper I have closely followed that given by Lameere in the Junk-Schenkling Coleopterorum Cata- logus, supplemented by the more extended paper which the same author has given us in the Genera Insectorum, fasc. 172, 1919. The writer wishes to take this opportunity to express his apprecia- tion of the courtesies extended by Professor Dr. Ferdinand Pax and his associates at the Zoologisches Institut und Museum in Breslau; Mr. G. K. Arrow and his associates at the British Museum of Natural History; Professor Dr. H. Kuntzen at Berlin; Dr. Hugo Kahl, Curator of Entomology at the Carnegie Museum; and to Dr. William Beebe, whose splendid cooperation added to the pleasure of studying at Kartabo. Dr. W. J. Holland, of the Carnegie Museum, has, as hereto- fore, been generous in placing his private library at the writer’s com- mand, as well as in aiding me in the preparation of this paper for the press. It would be a breach of courtesy to fail to express my appreciation of the many favors granted by the officials of the Aluminum Company of America and their South American representatives, who generously aided me in many ways. Family CERAMBYCIDiE. Subfamily Prionin^. Group II MACROTOMINI Lameere. Genus Stenodontes Serville. Stenodontes Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 175. Subgenus Mallodon Serville. Mallodon Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 176. 142 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Three forms of this interesting genus have been found at Kartabo. There is some variation within each species, especially in size and color. They are active at night and are attracted to light. During the day they rest beneath loose bark, or in excavations made by their larvae, which live in wood. The adults are never found among the foliage. The largest species, M. spinibarbe, is the commonest. I. Mallodon spinibarbe (Linnaeus). PI. IV, fig. i, d'. Cerambyx spinibarhis Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, p. 390. Armiger f ran gens (9) Voet, Cat. Col., II, 1778, p. 2, pi. I, f. 2. Armiger miles (d^) Voet, 1. c., p. 2, pi. I, f. 3. Prionus maxillosus Olivier, Entomologie, IV, 1795, p. 16, pi. I, f. 3. Prionus dentatus Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth., II, 1801, p. 263. Prionus similis Schcenherr, Sys. Ins., I, 3, 1817, p. 345. Prionus gegaiinus Germar, Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, p. 468. Mallodon germari Thomson, Physis, I, 1867, p, 100. Mallodon subcancellatus Thomson, 1. c., p. 102. Mallodon bonariense Thomson, 1. c., p. 99. Mallodon d’orbignyi Thomson, 1. c., p. loi. Mallodon spinibarbis Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., IX, 1902, p. 75; in Junk- ScHENKLiNG, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 12; Gen. Insect., tasc. 172, 1919, p. 32. This species is the largest of the genus, and by far the commonest at Kartabo. About one hundred and fifty specimens were collected by me during my two visits to that locality. 2. Mallodon dasystomum (Say), Prionus dasystomus Say, Journ. Acad. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1823, p. 326. Mallodon melanopus Haldeman, Trans, Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1847, p. 31. Mallodon spinibarbe Haldeman, 1. c. Mallodon costulatum Leconte. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2) II, 1852, p. iii. Mallodon dasystomum Leconte, 1. c., p. 112. Mallodon dasystomus Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., IX, 1902, p. 79; in Junk- ScHENKLiNG, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 12; Genera Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 32. Subspecies. a. Mallodon dasystomus masticator Thomson, Physis, Vol. I, 1867, p. 99. (Col- ombia to Mexico); Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., IX, 1902, p. 70; in Junk- ScHENKLiNG, Col. Catal., Pt, 52, 1913, p. 12; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 32. angustatus Thomson, 1. c., p. 100; Bates, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Vol. V, 1879, p. 9, 1. c., 1884, p. 236, degeneratus Thomson, 1. c., 1867, p. 95. ? debilis Casey, Mem. Col., V, 1912, p. 222. Williams: Prionid Beetles taken at Kartabo. 143 b. Mallodon dasystomus plagiatus Thomson, 1. c., p. 95; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., IX, 1902, p. 80; in Junk-Schenkling, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 12; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 32. c. Mallodon dasytomus bajulus Erichson, Archiv. f. Naturg., XIII, 1847, p. 138. occipitalis Thomson, /. c., p. 92. chevrolati Thomson, 1. c., p. 94. --- columbianus Thomson, 1. c., p. 98. Genus Protorma Waterhouse. Fro/orwa Waterhouse, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V, 1880, p. 288; Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, LXXXIV, 1915, p. 283 (? = gen. Strongylaspis) ; in Junk- Schenkling, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, p. 14; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 26. 3. Protorma recurvatum sp. nov. PI. V. fig. i, d'. cf . Dull, rusty brown, the head and thorax only slightly darker than the elytra; the body beneath somewhat darker; head, thorax, and elytra very finely rugose; thorax almost twice as broad as long, not very convex, very obliquely narrowed anteriorly, the posterior portions of the lateral borders strongly recurved and extending, ending in a blunt, somewhat obtuse spine on each side at the posterior angles; sides of the thorax crenulate. Posterior margin of the thorax emarginate with a small tooth on each side of the middle and a short sunken line extending forward from the middle, forming two rather distinct lobes; elytra covered with scattered, short, almost invisible hairs; as wide as the thorax at their base, but slightly narrowed posteriorly; sutural angle without spines, but fringed with hair; each elytron with four costae, the first and second nearly parallel and ex- tending nearer to the apex than the others; epipleural fold channelled for its entire length; legs robust, rugose, the femora and tibia quite compressed; posterior femora less rugose above; first tarsal segment as long as the second and third united; the fourth not quite as long as the other three united; abdomen shining, very feebly punctured. Length, 4.3 cm. The specimen was taken in flight at the edge of a small clearing at dusk. It was carefully compared by me with the type of Protorma scahrosa Waterhouse, from which it is quite distinct. Genus macrodontia Serville. Macrodontia Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 139; Gory, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, VIII, 1839, p. 124; Lacordaire, Gen. Col., VIII, 1869, p. 78; Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLVIII, 1904, p. 342. 144 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 4. Macrodontia cervicornis (Linnaeus). PI. IV, fig. 3. d'. Cerambyx cervicornis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, p. 389. Prionus cervicornis ¥ AB^icixjs, Ent. Syst., 1778, p. 161; Olivier, Entomologie, IV, 1795. P- 13. pl- II. fig- 8; Palisot de Beauvois, Insect. Rec. en Afrique et Amerique, p. 215, pl. XXXIV, fig. i. Macrodontia cervicornis Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 140; Castel- NAU, Hist. Nat., II, 1840, p. 390, pl. 25; Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLVIII, 1904, p. 333; in JuNK-ScHENKLiNG, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 16; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 92. A single specimen was taken at Kartabo, although the writer col- lected a number of specimens at other places in British Guiana. The species is usually found within cavities in trees during the day. At night they walk about and seldom take wing. Their flight is noisy, awkward, and of short duration. Genus Jalyssus Thomson. Jalyssus Thomson, Syst. Ceramb., 1864, p. 296. 5. Jalyssus tuberculatus (Olivier). Pl. IV, fig. 2, 9 • Prionus tuberculatus Olivier, Entomologie, IV, 1795-6, p. 20, pl. Vl, fig. 32. Ctenoscelis tuberculatus Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 135. Mecosarthron tuberculatus Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, XII, 1843, p. 239. Jalyssus tuberculatus Thomson, Syst. Ceramb., 1864, p. 297; Bates, Trans. Ent. Lond., XVII, 1869, p. 45; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XI, 1903, p. 67; in JuNK-ScHENKLiNG Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 33; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919. p. 29. This is apparently an uncommon form, only one specimen having been taken at Kartabo. It is also rare in Museum collections where it is usually listed under the genus Pyrodes or Mecosarthron. It is distinctly different from Mecosarthron, however, in that the third antennal segment is longer than the fourth. Group III CALLIPOGONINI. Genus Callipogon Serville. Collipogon Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 140. Subgenus Orthomegas Serville. Orthomegas Serville, 1. c., p. 149. Williams: Prionid Beetles taken at Kartabo. 145 6. Orthomegas cinnamomeus (Linnaeus). PI. IV, fig. 4, d' . Cerambyx cinnamomeus Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, p. 389. Prionus cinnamomeus Drury, 111. Ins., I, 1773, p. 89, pi. XL, fig. 2; Fabricius, Systema Ent., 1775, p. 183. Prionus mucronatus Fabricius, Systema Ent., 1775, p. 160. Prionus cinctus Voet, Col. Catal., II, 1778, p. 16, pi. XV, fig. 60. Prionus corticanus Olivier, Encycl. Meth., V, 1790, p. 294; Entomologie, IV, 1795, p. 21, pi. IX, fig. 34; Castelnau, Hist. Nat., II, 1840, p. 401. Prionus spadiceus Dalman, in Schonherr, Syn. Ins., I, 3, Appendix, 1817, p. 148. Orthomegas cinnamomeus Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 149; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., XVII, 1869, p. 41; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Vol. V, 1884, p. 232; Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLVIII, 1904, p. 62; in Junk-Schenkling, Col. Catal., Pt. 52, 1913, p. 52; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 85. Both the larger and the smaller forms occur in abundance at Kartabo, where they are attracted in numbers to lights. Several specimens were taken during the day, as they rested on the bark of trees in the dense woods. Group IV DERANCISTRI. Genus Pyrodes Serville. Pyrodes Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I, 1832, p. 186; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. XVII, 1909, p. 37. Subgenus Esmeralda Thomson. Esmeralda Thomson, Classific. Cerambyc., i860, p. 303; Lacordaire, Gen. Col., VIII, 1869, p. 178; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XVII, 1909, p. 57; Vol. XXI, 1912, p. 171; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 104. 7. Esmeralda auratus (Linnaeus). PI. V, fig. 2, cf ; fig. 3, 9. Cerambyx auratus Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, p. 395. 9 Cerambyx bifasciatus Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 1767, p. 624. Prionus bifasciatus Fabricius, Systema Ent., 1775, p. 162; Olivier, Entomologie, IV, 1795, p. 32, PI. IV, figs. 4a, b. Prionus amazonus Fabricius, Syst., Eleuth., 1901, p. 202. Cerambyx amazon Voet, Col. Cat., II, 1806, p. 9, pi. Ill, fig. 9. ab. nodicornis (Bates). Pyrodes nodicornis Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., XVII, 1869, p. 53. Esmeralda auratus Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XVII, 1909, p. 60; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 104. 146 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Varieties. a. Esmeralda auratus nigricornis Guerin. Pyrodes nigricornis Guerin, Verb., Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, V, 1855, p. 598; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 53; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. XVII, 1909, p. 59; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 104. Ruhrozonatus (Lucas). Pyrodes ruhrozonatus Lucas, Voy. Castelnau, 1859, p. 180, pi. II, fig. 2, cf . var. Candezei (Lameere). Pyrodes candezei Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXIX, 1885, Bull. p. xii, 9 ; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 104. b. Esmeralda auratus gratiosus Bates. Pyrodes gratiosus Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., XVII, 1869, p. 51 ; Lameere, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. XVII, 1909, p. 59. Esmeralda insignis Nonfried, Ent. Nachr., XX, 1894, p. 136, u’. The female of this species is quite beautiful. The broad elytra are brilliantly colored with a reddish pink and have a large diamond- shaped area in the middle which is bluish green. There is also a transverse, bluish band across the apices of the elytra. The head and thorax are green, while the under side of the body as well as the legs are blue and shining. The male is much smaller than the female and is usually of a nearly uniform color which is bronze, reflecting green. The legs of the males are usually prominently marked with pink atid blue. Group V PRIONINI. Genus Derobrachus Serville. Derohrachus Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Vol. I, 1832, p. 154. 8. Derobrachus agyleus Buquet. Derobrachus agyleus Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (2) X, 1852, p. 657; Lameere, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., LV, 1911, p. 268; Gen. Insect., fasc. 172, 1919, p. 124. A single example of this species was obtained. It was brought to me by a servant who reported that he had found it on the ground at the base of a Mora tree. 148 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. (All figures two-thirds natural size.) Fig. I. Mallodon spinibarhe (Linnaeus) cf. Fig. 2. Jalyssus hiherculatus Thomson, 9 . Fig. 3. Macrodontia cervicornis (Linnaeus) cf. Fig. 4. Orthomegas cinnamometis (Linnaeus) d'. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate IV. For explanation see opposite page. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate V. Esmeralda auraius (Linnaeus) cf , nat. size. Esmeralda auratus (Linnaeus) 9 , nat. size. CONTENTS V. Some Cretaceous Mammals from the Lance Forma- tion.* ** By George Gaylord Simpson . . . . 107- . ^ ^ :■ VI. A Collection of Paleocene Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana.* By George Gaylord Simpson . . ..115 ■I ■113 -122 \ VII. Notes upon some Gyrinidae in the Carnegie Museum with Descriptioi;is of New Species, f By Dr. Georg Ochs . . . . . . ... . .123: 34 VIII. Celtis Microendocarpica Brooks, Not a Lithosper- mum. By Betty Watt Brooks. (PI. Ill) 135- 1^38 IX. A List of Prionid Beetles Taken at Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with the Description of a New Species, tt By Samuel H. Williams. (Pis. IV-V) 139-148 *Issued as separates, 'Mar. 23, 1929 flssued as separate, Apr. 5, 1929 **Issued as separate. May 14, 1929 t flssued as separate. May 2^2, 1929 > f Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 144 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VoL. XIX, No. 3, February, 1930 For sale by Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., 2-4^ Arthur St., New Oxford St., London, W. C. 2, England: Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, II Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6, Germany: Maruzen Company, Ltd., 11-16, Nihonbashi, Tori-Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan: and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penna., U. S. A. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOL. XIX, No. 3 Editorial Notes. The celebration of Founder’s Day at the Carnegie Museum took place on the afternoon of October 17th. The principal speaker was Commander Donald B. MacMillan, arctic explorer, who in his address outlined the progress of discovery in polar regions. His interesting recapitulation did not fail to impress his audience with the genuine importance of the additions which have been made to human knowl- edge by the daring investigations carried on by several generations of intrepid explorers, many of whom risked their lives and some of whom lost their lives in the effort to advance the boundaries of human knowledge as to the lands which lie at the top and bottom of our globe. Since addressing his great audience on Founder’s Day Captain MacMillan on December 15th lectured in the Sunday Afternoon Free Lecture Course of the Museum. His subject was '‘Under the Northern Lights.” The lecture was illustrated, and, as was to be expected, the Lecture Hall of the Museum was packed to capacity and more persons were turned away than the number of those who found seats. Capt. MacMillan certainly proved his popularity as a public speaker on both occasions. Speaking of Arctic exploration and explorers I recall an incident, which occurred in London in the spring of the year 1905, and which I hold in pleasant remembrance. I was engaged in installing the replica of Diplodocus carnegiei in the Gallery of Reptiles in the British Museum. The place assigned to the 149 150 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. replica had been fenced off by movable screens, several of which had glass windows. While standing in front of one of these screens I saw a very venerable man endeavoring to peer through the glass, evidently filled with curiosity as to what was going on. Something in his ap- pearance showed me that he was not an ordinary person. Pushing the screen aside, I came out, saluted him, and asked him whether he was interested in what was going on. He replied, “I am profoundly interested.” I introduced myself to him by name telling him that I was in charge of the work and invited him to come behind the screen. I ventured to ask him his name. He replied, “I am Admiral Sir Francis Leopold McClintock.” I immediately answered, ‘‘What! Are you Admiral McClintock who commanded ‘The Fox’ on the voyage on which the fate of Sir John Franklin was ascertained?” He replied, “I am the man.” I answered, “I certainly am honored in meeting you and in forming your acquaintance. I have the account of the voyage, which you wrote, in my library. Since I was a child I have been interested in arctic exploration and explorers and have known many of those who have ventured into the north.” He smiled, took the chair, which I proffered him, and resting his hands upon his cane sat with me for half an hour asking questions about the skeleton, which we were placing in position. I in turn occasionally asked him questions as to his arctic experiences, which he most affably answered. Admiral McClintock at that time was in his eighty-sixth year. He died two years later in the eighty-eighth year of his age. When I made his acquaintance he was easily the oldest in years of all those whose names are linked with the discovery of polar lands. Mr. J. LeRoy Kay returned to the Museum on December ist after a successful summer and fall spent in recovering a large quantity of mammalian fossils discovered by him about eleven miles west of Ver- nal, Utah. The large shipment which he made before starting on his return to Pittsburgh has been received and the preparators in the paleontological section are busily at work extracting the bones from the matrix in which they are imbedded. From August I2th to September 9th we had the pleasure of having on view an exhibit of ceramic art kindly placed at our command by the American Federation of Arts. The exhibit was visited by a multitude Holland: Editorial Notes. 151 of persons who derived at once pleasure and instruction from what was placed on view. Signor Commendatore Michele Conte of Rome has most graciously presented to the Museum four bronze medallions of large size mounted on porphyry. These medallions were executed by A. Mistruzzi, the celebrated sculptor, at the expense of Commendatore Conte. The largest medallion commemorates the flight of the airship Italia to the North Pole; the second represents Dante; the third King Vittorio Immanuele III; the fourth Benito Mussolini. The presentation of this gift was made by the Italian Vice-Consul in Pittsburgh, Signor Giovanni Giurato, on November 4th, and was accepted in behalf of the Museum by Dr. Avinoff, the Director, in the presence of a deeply interested audience. Mr. Herbert W. Graham, for some time associated with this Mu- seum, and a member of the scientific staff of the non-magnetic ship “Carnegie,” was kindly authorized by the Carnegie Institution of Washington at such times as were at his command for such work to make botanical and zoological collections for the Carnegie Museum. Mr. Graham arrived in Pittsburgh on leave on December 22d and the Editor in a brief interview with him learned to his sorrow that his extensive botanical collections made in the Sandwich Islands and in Samoa, together with extensive collections of lepidoptera made in Samoa were on board the ship when it was destroyed. Mr. Graham says that he made a large collection of moths and butterflies in Samoa and found insect life quite abundant, but everything has gone up in smoke. That is that! In 1927 the children of America sent to the children of Japan twelve thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine dolls as messengers of friend- ship. The action of the children of America has been reciprocated by the children of Japan and on October 12th “Miss Kochi,” a gorgeous and beautifully dressed doll, sent by our Japanese friends, was wel- comed by the children of Pittsburgh at Carnegie Lecture Hall. A play in which the actors were all children in Japanese costumes was presented under the efficient leadership of Dr. Will Earhart, Director of Music, and Miss Sara Marie Herbert, Supervisor of Music, the latter having composed the melody and words of all the songs. 152 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. The pupils of the J. M. Logan School developed the dances. The John Morrow School and the Western Pennsylvania School for the Blind made the decorations. The children of the Community, Shearer, Frick Training, Peabody High and Friendship Schools contributed actors and assistant authors, who produced and presented the play. “Miss Kochi,’’ the doll Ambassadress of Good-will and Friendship from Japan, was received with distinguished courtesy and attention. A full account of this ceremony appears in the Carnegie Magazine, Vol. Ill, Pt. 7, pp. 218-19. The annual meeting of the American Association of Museums, held in Philadelphia May 2i-24th, 1929, was attended by Dr. Avinoff the Director, Dr. O. E. Jennings, Mr. Sydney Prentice, Mr. Remi H. Santens, and Miss Jane White. Their report of the proceedings was highly interesting. The photographic dark-room has been thoroughly renovated, and under the care of Mr. Prentice is adapted to better work than has ever been done therein. On the evening of December 14th messages and greetings were broadcast over KDKA to our friend, Mr. George Miksch Sutton, who is spending the winter among the Esquimos on Northampton Island, in Hudson Bay. We trust that the messages were duly received h)y him. Our good friend, Mr. Charles D. Armstrong, has just made a very handsome present to the Museum, consisting of a complete breakfast service in Sevres, which formerly belonged to and was used by King Louis Philippe of France. Two of the most beautiful groups ever executed in the Museum were placed on public view on Founder’s Day, October 17th. In the Gallery of Mammals there was exhibited on that day for the first time a group representing the American Prong-horned Antelope. The group represents a number of finely mounted animals dashing away into the distance through the sage-brush. Representations of animals in motion is an extremely difficult undertaking, but Mr. Santens with remarkable ingenuity has achieved very life-like results. Holland: Editorial Notes. 153 The background by Mr. Ottmar Fuehrer is admirably conceived and executed. The environment of the specimens is very true to life and vividly recalls to mind scenes familiar to the writer when in the past he led the life of a fossil-hunter on the wide plains of Wyoming and adjacent states. The other group is in the Gallery of Plants and represents the vegetable life of the desert regions of Arizona, in which the giant cacti play the most important role. The group was composed and as- sembled by Mr. Fuehrer, who visited the region himself, made casts of the cacti, which he has cunningly again clothed with green and on which he has placed the spines at the very points from which he originally removed them. Without exception we believe this to be the most carefully and beautifully executed group of its kind in existence anywhere in the world at the present time. Through the kindness of Mr. James H. Lockhart a sum of money has been given to the Museum for the purpose of enabling Professor Ludwig Fuehrer to make a collection of birds for the Carnegie Mu- seum in the Balkans. Our collection of European birds is mainly composed of material obtained in western Europe. Now by the thoughtful kindness of Mr. Lockhart we will be able no doubt to greatly increase it by representative species from the southeastern parts of that continent. Carnegie Museum. December 24, 1929. X. NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. By W. J. Holland. Family PAPILIONID^. Subfamily Parnassiin^. Genus Parnassius. Parnassius golovinus Holland, sp. nov. cf. Recalling Parnassius delius Esper, ^but distinguished on the secondaries by the presence of a band of dark submarginal sagittate spots and a much heavier inward extension of the black band of the same wing which runs along the upper three-fourths of the inner margin and is produced inwardly along the under side of the cell. This black band is followed below by a heavy black wedge-shaped bar, which extends from the inner margin above the anal angle as far as the first median nervule. On the under side the markings are paler, the black band along the inner margin is obscure and at the base covered by three large crimson spots. On this side the black bar above the anal angle of the hind wing is pupilled with crimson spots. 9 . On the upper side the transverse marginal, submarginal, and extradiscal spots are much darker and more diffuse than in the male. The extradiscal band of dark spots is accentuated below the costa by two crimson spots encircled by black, which are far more conspicuous than the corresponding spots in the male, in which sex they are often wanting. The secondaries are broadly margined externally by dark fuscous, melting into and fusing with the submarginal band of black spots, which appear in the male; the black bar above the anal angle fuses with the black internal area and coalesces with the black margin of the large crimson ocellus below the cell. On the under side the markings of the upper side are repeated as in the male, but paler. The supra-anal bar is represented by three triangular crimson spots bordered outwardly by black and pupilled with white. Expanse: (p , 6o mm. ; 9 , 65 mm. This is the Alaskan form of delius Esper. It is represented in my 155 156 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. collection by a series of specimens collected at Golovin Bay and at other points not far distant. Family NYMPHALID^. Subfamily Nymphalin^. Genus Melit.®a Fabricius. Melitaea gilensis sp. nov. The transverse bands and spots on the upper side resemble in a general way those of M. minuta, but are fainter, the ground-color a very pale buff. On the under side the entire surface is pale whitish with almost no contrast between the ground-color and the transverse bands which are a shade paler than the ground-color, pearly white, and laterally defined by faint darker lines. The location and outline of these bands recalls that which is found in the species of the Didyma- groiip {arachne Edw., pola Boisd., nympha Edw.), but there is an entire absence of the minute black dots, or punctulations, which are char- acteristic of all the species of that group. The type, which has long stood in the Mead Collection in my pos- session was taken by the Wheeler Expedition and is ticketed as from “Ft. Gila,” in southern Arizona. The type will be figured in the forthcoming Revised Edition of The Butterfly Book. Melitaea arachne Edwards, ab. gunderiae ab. nov. I take pleasure in naming a remarkable aberration of M. arachne in honor of the good wife of my esteemed friend, Mr. Gunder, which is characterized by having a very dark brown mesial band on the secon- daries, replacing the light spots of the mesial band found in normal specimens. The type is a female. In naming this aberration I depart a little from my ordinary practice, but as Mr. Gunder has named an aberrant form of M. hofmanni Behr figured in The Butterfly Book, PI. XVII, fig. 14, in honor of my wife calling it ab. hollandce, I return the compliment by calling this butterfly ab. gunderice. Family HESPERIID^. Subfamily Hesperiin^. Genus Thanaos Boisduval. Thanaos avinoffi sp. nov. d' . The wings on the upper side almost uniformly dark brownish black; the fringes a trifle lighter. The fringes are followed inwardly by Holland: New North American Butterflies. 157 a thin sharply defined black marginal line. On the fore wing the outer marginal line is succeeded inwardly by a series of intraneural markings, slightly paler than the ground-color of the wings, defined inwardly by minute deep black sagittate markings, which in turn are followed inwardly by a somewhat paler and very narrow submarginal band, which runs from the costa to the inner margin. There are three very minute translucent preapical spots on the costa, and in some specimens a minute spot above the second median nervule at its origin; the remainder of the wing basad deep black. The hind wings above are deep brownish black, without any distinct markings, except the fine black marginal line. On the under side both wings are a trifle paler than on the upper side, palest at the lower angle of the primaries; the translucent spots appearing on the upper side more distinct on this side. Close scrutiny reveals a very faint and obscure post-median band of lighter spots on the lower side of the hind wings, but these are not always present. 9. Somewhat lighter in color on both sides of the wings than in the case of the males, and with the lighter markings more distinct. Some of the females have a minute translucent spot at the end of the cell of the fore wing, and most specimens have two such spots, one above, the other below the second median nervule at the point where it is emitted. Expanse: cf, i. lo-i. 15 in. ; 9, 1.15 in. The above description is based upon a series of over forty specimens collected at various points in the Yukon Valley, the valley of the Kuskokwim, and various other points in Alaska. It is the species of the genus which is most prevalent in Alaska, and which I designated as T. persius in the Entomological News, Vol. XI, 1900, p. 420. At that time I had only a single specimen before me taken at Fort Selkirk by the late Dr. S. Hall Young. I name the species in honor of Dr. A. Avinoff, whose grandfather. Admiral Avinoff, explored the coast of Alaska for the Russian Government, and whose name is borne by one of its capes. The type and allotype will be figured in the forthcoming Revised Edition of The Butterfly Book, PI. LI, figs. 28, 29. Subfamily Pamphilin^ Genus Erynnis Schrank (Pamphila auct. nonnull.) It having been definitely ascertained (See Ent. News. Vol. XL, No. 10, 1929, p. 326) that P. ruricola Boisd., which is identical with P. calif ornica Mabille, is a synonym of P. vestris Boisd., it follows that the insect, which has been generally accepted by American authors as P. ruricola, is without a name. In the W. H. Edwards Collection there is a solitary male labelled 158 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. “ P. ruricola cf , Cala,” which agrees with the figures of ruricola given by Comstock in the Butterflies of California and by Wright in his Butterflies of the West Coast. In the collection of Dr. A. W. Lindsey, now owned by the Carnegie Museum, there is a series of specimens, male and female, which are unmistakably the same as the insect in the Edwards Collection and that figured by both Wright and Com- stock. I have selected from Lindsey’s Collection three males from Ukiah, California, and three males and two females which are labelled from ‘‘Nellie, California,” and the single specimen in the Edwards Collection as typical of the species, which has hitherto gone under the name ruricola Boisd., and give them the specific name lindseyi in honor of Professor Lindsey, who in recent years has contributed much to an exact knowledge of the genera and species of the American Hesperioidea. Erynnis lindseyi sp. nov. cf . Upper side. Costa and disk of fore wing bright fulvous; outer margin widely and inner margin very narrowly fuscous; at apex two minute coalescing light spots near the costa, followed a little below and nearer the outer margin by a similar light fulvous spot; sexual brand deep black, linear, acute outwardly, and widening a little in- wardly toward the base, which it does not reach by the length of a millimeter. Hind wing broadly of the same color as the fore wing, margined more or less narrowly outwardly and more broadly on the costa with black; the inner margin fuscous; fringes whitish. Under side. Palpi and end of abdomen white. Fore wing pale fulvous, pass- ing into pale yellowish or whitish toward the lower margin and the outer angle; the apical and submarginal spots of the upper side re- appear on this side and are slightly more distinct; the location of the sexual brand on the upper side is indicated on this side by a narrow black line, and there are some black scales near the inner margin at the base of the wing. The hind wing on its outer half is pale grayish fulvous, on the inner half, and especially at the anal angle it is brighter pale fulvous; the light spots on this side of this wing are obscure fulvous yellow, not white or silvery, as in many nearly allied species. These spots are as follows: three small spots arranged as a crescent a little beyond the base of the wing; two small subcircular spots below the costa, the outermost not far from the upper angle, the inner one about the middle of the wing; three minute spots arranged in a trans- verse discal series beyond the end of the cell. 9 . The female is larger than the male. On the upper side the wings are less fulvous than in the males, and incline to fuscous. Beyond a dark fuscous band, which occupies the same relative position as the sexual brand in the male, but which widens outwardly, are two rela- tively large light semitranslucent spots. The pale spots near the outer margin of the under side show themselves faintly on the upper Holland: New North American Butterflies. 159 side. On the under the markings of the wings are much the same as those in the male sex. Expanse: 27-30 mm.; 9 , 32-34 mm. Holotype, cf , in Coll. W. H. Edwards, collected by O. Baron; allo- type, 9 , in Collection of A. W. Lindsey from Nellie, California; para- types 3 d' from Ukiah, Calif., three d d and i 9 from Nellie, California. Genus Poanes Scudder. Poanes hobomok (Harris) var. 9 alfaratta, nov. P. hobomok is polymorphic in the female sex. A female in my pos” session differs so markedly from normal females, and the varieties named pocohontas and qtiadaquina by Scudder that I am constrained to apply to it a name to distinguish it. 9 . On the upper side both wings are fuscous, dark at their bases and lighter outwardly. On the fore wings the light spots, which appear in the variety pocohontas are greatly enlarged, extending basad as light yellow longitudinal streaks, which tend to fuse with each other about their middle, thus forming an irregular yellow band covering the middle third of the wing. The hind wing is marked by a broad yellow spot in form not unlike that found in the male sex and normal females, but smaller and less orange in tint, inclining to whitish. On the under side the markings of the upper side reappear, but are much paler. Type 9 in Coll. Holland, Habitat Kansas. In size it does not differ from normal females of the species. This form will be figured in the Revised Edition of The Butterfly Book, PI. LHI, fig. 45. Subfamily Megathymin^. Megathymus albocincta sp. nov. d. Upper side of fore wing fuscous; of hind wing deep black; two light sagittate spots pointing inwardly on the costa of the front wing, the one above the end of the cell smaller, the other, which is larger, midway between the supracellular spot and the apex; the latter spot is the uppermost of an irregular submarginal band of five light spots, the second of which counting from above is semioval the lower three being inwardly elongated; the upper spot of these three, the longest, pointing inwardly toward the cell. The hind wings are broadly banded with whitish on the outer margin. On the underside the wings are much as on the upper side, but paler. The spots of the upper side re- appear on this side. The light border of the hind wings is continued around the entire wing being as wide upon the costa as on the outer margin. There are a few indistinct traces of dark dots one near the end of the cell, two beyond it. 9 . Marked exactly like the male above with the light spots a 160 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. trifle larger. On the under side agreeing with the male; a minute whitish spot near the end of the cell of the hind wing. Type and allotype in Coll. Holland {Ex antiqua coll. W. H. E.). This very distinct form, or species, has long been in my possession labelled by W. H. Edwards {cofaquif). It has nothing whatever to do with cofaqui, and comes nearer to M. yucccE Bdl. & Lee., from which it is, however, totally distinct. It will be figured in the new edition of The Butterfly Book. XI. TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OE MELITT:A HARRISI, WITH REMARKS UPON RELATED FORMS. By a. Avinoff. (Plate VI). Early in July, 1927, three specimens of Melitcea closely related to M. harrisi Scud., were obtained by me in Cook Forest. The next year about the same season two more females of this butterfly were captured. I delayed describing this form until I might obtain a male specimen in order to make a full comparison with ilL. harrisi. Through the kindness of Mr. S. Weadner, I have been fortunate in being able to examine two males undoubtedly belonging to the same form. They were captured at Slippery Rock, Pa., at the end of June, 1928, to- gether with several females identical with the specimens from Cook Forest. Mr. Weadner has kindly donated one of these males to the Carnegie Museum. I. Melitaea harrisi liggetti, subsp. nov. (PL VI, ff. 4-7) The butterfly has a larger expanse of wing than the usual run of M. harrisi Scudder from New England and New York. The fore wing of the male measured on the costa has a length of 20 mm., somewhat exceeding the average length of M. harrisi, cf, indicated by Scudder. The fore wing of the female, measured in the same way, exceeds that of the largest specimens of M. harrisi, the maximum size of which is given by Scudder as 21.5 mm. The length of the fore wing of the fe- males of the subspecies which I am describing is 24 mm. Upper side: The main characteristic of this new subspecies is the strong development of the dark areas on both wings, which may be described as being very dark fuscous (almost black), with a relatively narrow fulvous median band on both wings, succeeded outwardly on the fore wing by a series of fulvous intraneural round spots and on the hind wing by a band of lunular markings. These series of markings are separated by a distinctly dark fuscous area, which in typical harrisi is only faintly indicated, the fulvous ground-color predominating over the whole median area of the front wings, and being broadly extended over the larger part of the surface of the hind wings. The basal half of the wings in the new subspecies has the usual maculations of harrisi, but somewhat obscured and reduced in size. The male and female match each other in their characters, except that the fulvous 161 162 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. markings of the male are uniform in tinge tending toward orange- brick, while in the female the median band of markings of the hind wing is a trifle lighter inclining to yellowish. Owing to this lighter colora- tion of the median band and its narrow expanse on the hind wings of the female, this sex shows a superficial resemblance to the hind wings of the aberrant female of M. palla Behr, to which Wright has given the name eremita, from which, however, the present form is widely differ- entiated in other respects. Under side: On this side M. harrisi liggetti agrees well with harrisi, except that the basal half of the fore wings is more heavily marked than is the case in harrisi, in the majority of specimens of which this part of the wing is frequently devoid of all dark markings, being uniformly fulvous. However, this is not a stable characteristic, as some specimens of M. harrisi show almost as well developed transverse marking in this part of the wing as in the specimens of the new form. The antemarginal band in the male is dark, being suffused with dark scales, which are not so pronounced in typical M. harrisi. Expanse: ;V>, ) ( ‘-V<, ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate XL Daniel Winters. (Born Feb. 4, 1876; died May 8, 1930) Obituary. 215 OBITUARY Daniel Winters Among those who have faithfully served the people of Pittsburgh in official stations the name of Daniel Winters must be mentioned with honor. As a member of the Council of Pittsburgh he acted as a Trustee of the Carnegie Institute from 1919 to 1929, serving in all that time as a member of the Committee in charge of the Carnegie Museum. He was faithful in his attendance upon meetings and intelligent in dealing with the problems which necessarily arose for discussion from time to time. While not claiming to possess technical knowledge, he had the rare qualification of good “common sense,” which is often better in administrative counsels than profound learn- ing as a specialist. He also understood “human nature,” and at times that is a fine qualification for office. Daniel Winters was born at 155 South Sixteenth Street, Pittsburgh, on Feburary 4, 1876. He was the son of the late Daniel and Elizabeth (Davis) Winters. He was educated in the Birmingham Public School. When but a lad he went to work for the S. McKee Glass Company being advanced from one position to another. He was active in the organization of glassworkers becoming the Secretary of the national body in 1903 and in 1904 its President. From 1905 to 1908 he was Superintendent in the cutting department of the New Martinsville Window Glass Company of West Virginia. Returning to Pittsburgh he was for a year employed in the service of the United States Mail. In 1909 he was appointed Police Magistrate by Mayor Magee and for five years discharged the duties of that office with acceptance. In 1914 he held office for a short while under the Sheriff of Allegheny County as a clerk and then was appointed by Mayor E. V. Babcock, Assistant Director of Public Safety. In 1918 he was elected to fill a vacancy in the Council of the City of Pittsburgh, of which he pre- sently became the President, and in which station he remained until in the fall of the year 1929 he was elected to the office of City Con- troller. He held many positions of trust and responsibility in fraternal orders with which he was connected and enjoyed wide popularity as a ready and witty speaker on public occasions. His faithful services as 216 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. a Trustee of the Carnegie Institute representing the Council of the City of Pittsburgh will be long held in grateful remembrance. Mr. Winters died on the evening of May 8th, 1930, in the Cunning- ham Sanitarium at Cleveland, to which he had gone in the hope of re- covering from a complication of physical disorders. His only son survives him. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate XII James Dickey Hailman. (Born March 12, 1866; died June 7, 1930) Obituary. 217 OBITUARY James Dickey Hailman Mr. James Dickey Hailman was born on March 12, 1866, in Pitts- burgh in the old family mansion, which for many years has been known as the Hotel Kenmawr. His father was the late George W. Hailman, who had succeeded his father, James W. Hailman, who was one of the early manufacturers of steel products in Pittsburgh. Mr. Hailman’s mother was the daughter of Mr. Robert Dickey, a well known mer- chant, belonging to one of the old families of the city. In his boyhood James D. Hailman attended the public schools of Pittsburgh and later spent some time at Holbrook Military Academy at Ossining, N. Y. Later he studied in Pittsburgh at the Newell In- stitute, in its day a well known preparatory school. He matriculated at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, N. Y., in 1884, graduating with honors in 1887 taking the degree of C.E. After graduation he did not follow his profession, but found em- ployment in the firm of Robert Dickey and Co. He soon became the Secretary and Treasurer of the newly organized Morris and Bailey Steel Company, of which he was one of the partners. On October 7, 1 896, he married Miss Johanna Knowles Woodwell, the only surviving child of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Woodwell, a well known artist and merchant, who was one of the first Trustees of the Carnegie Institute appointed by Mr. Carnegie. After spending over a decade in active business pursuits, Mr. Hailman withdrew, disposing of part of his interest in the Morris and Bailey Steel Co. to his partners, who in recent years have surrendered its control to the United States Steel Corporation. After retiring from business Mr. Hailman gave himself up to pro- moting various philanthropic causes which appealed to him. He was one of the Trustees of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, to the plan- ing and erection of the new buildings of which he devoted a great deal of time and attention. He was one of the original members and secre- tary of the voluntary organization known as the Citizens Committee on City Plan, and later became a member of the City Planning Com- mission, the official body, which has done much in recent years to bring 218 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. about the beautifying of the city and the rearrangement of its thorough- fares. He was for several years President of the Civic Club, an organization which has labored strenuously to bring about better social conditions in various parts of the city through the enactment of legislation and by promoting the establishment of playgrounds, public baths, and similar enterprises. He was one of the Directors of the Pittsburgh Association for the Improvement of the Poor, and did much on behalf of this long established and useful organization, taking especial interest in the construction of the recently completed Washing- ton Street Building, where shelter and employment are given to the needy. He was for many years, up until the time of his death, a mem- ber of the Board of Education of the City of Pittsburgh, and was active in promoting the movement which led ultimately to the erec- tion of the present building occupied by the Board at the corner of Forbes and Bellefield Avenues. He took an interest in the work of the organization known as the One Hundred Friends of Pittsburgh Art. In 1915 Mr. Hailman was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and ex-officio became a member of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute. He faithfully served on various committees of the Library and for many years was a member of the committee in charge of the Department of Fine Arts in the Institute. In all the multifarious activities in which he was engaged he was characterized by promptitude and diligence. He was most punctilious in keeping his engagements, and, whoever else might be absent at the meetings of boards and committees, he was sure, unless prevented by illness or absence from the city, to be in attendance. Mr. Hailman was not interested, as many are, in athletic sports and recreations. He devoted much of his leisure to reading and was especially interested in books dealing with the progress of scien- tific research. He was fond of travel. Prior to the World War, ac- companied by his wife, he made a number of visits to Europe. In more recent years he generally spent the colder months of the winter in Bermuda, Nassau, and southern Florida. He was of a sunny and cheerful disposition, devoted to his family and friends, given to hospitality, and in his beautiful home was the center of a circle, who always found delight in his company. During the last two years of his life he suffered from illness, but on his return in the spring of the year 1930 he felt that he had entirely regained his customary vigor. Obituary. 219 With cheerfulness and alacrity he resumed his round of duties, assuring his friends that he felt better than he had for many years. The end came suddenly. After spending the evening at home, in the company of friends, he retired to his room, but presently called to his wife, telling her that he was in great pain. Almost before a physician could be summoned, he passed away, dying of heart-failure, shortly after midnight on June 7, 1930. All the best years of his life were given without recompense, save that of a good conscience, to the service of the people of this great city. He set a shining example to men of wealth and leisure as to the way in which they may make their years useful and beautiful. IQXV [ f 'i ■ ‘A ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XIX. Plate XIII JosiAH Cohen. (Born November 29, 1841; died June ii, 1930) Obituary. 221 OBITUARY Hon. Josiah Cohen Josiah Cohen was born on November 29th, 1841, in Plymouth, England, a son of Henry and Rose Cohen. His family for many generations had lived in Cornwall. His boyhood was spent in Fal- mouth and London. After studying with private tutors he entered the Institute of Jewish Education in London, where he made rapid advancement. In 1857, when he was sixteen years of age, the family removed to America. He later came to Pittsburgh. He became an active worker in the Rodef Shalom Congregation, teaching English, acting as a minister, and interpreting such sermons of the venerable Rabbi L. Naumburg, which were delivered in German, to the English- speaking members of the congregation. He became a friend of Pro- fessor Andrew Burtt, through whose influence he became a member of the Allegheny County Teachers Association, of which for a time he was the presiding officer. He studied law in the office of John M. Kirkpatrick, and Judge Thomas Mellon, and in 1866 was admitted to the Bar of Allegheny County. On January 22, 1868, he married Miss Carrie Naumburg, the daughter of his good friend, the venerable Rabbi. He practiced his profession with success for many years, meanwhile taking an active interest in politics, and educational mat- ters. From 1873 to 1876 he was a member of the Central School Board of Pittsburgh. In 1881 he was chosen a presidential elector, casting his vote for James G. Blaine. In December, 1901, he was appointed a Judge of the Orphans Court of Allegheny County. In 1903 he resumed the practice of law, but in 1907 was appointed a Judge of Common Pleas Court No. 4, which had been called into being, and in the same year was elected for a ten-year term in that court. In 1917 he was re-elected by a huge majority for another ten-year term, and again re-elected in 1928 to the same position. His service as a judge of the courts of Allegheny County covered nearly thirty years. He was active in all good works and prominent in all of the Jewish philanthropies of the city in which he lived, and of the nation. For many years he was the vice-president and since 1910 the president of the Rodef Shalom Congregation. 222 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. He and his wife, whose musical talent won her wide recognition, spent many summers at Cresson, Pa., and there they became well acquainted with Mr. Andrew Carnegie, who now and then beguiled the summer afternoons by inviting her to give recitals upon the piano at his cottage. When Mr. Carnegie came to appoint the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, his choice naturally fell upon his friend Cohen, as one who would ably represent in that board the Jewish people, and he was accordingly named by Mr. Carnegie as a member of the Board. He served for thirty-three years in this capacity, from 1897 until the day of his death. He was a member of the Committee upon the Museum from 1897 to 1901, and from 1902 onward served con- tinuously as a member of the Committee upon the Fine Arts. Judge Cohen lived to “length of days.” He was in his ninetieth year, when he “fell on sleep and was laid away unto his fathers,” honored and beloved in the great community, which he had faithfully served from his youth. He was at the time of his departure the senior judge in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and it is alleged that he was the oldest jurist in active service on the bench in the United States. The end came suddenly. He died on June ii, 1930. Obituary. 223 OBITUARY Dr. William Barnes The death of Dr. William Barnes of Decatur, Illinois, on May i, 1930, ended the career of one of the most enthusiastic and diligent stu- dents of entomology in this country. He specialized as a lepidopterist, and amassed one of the largest and most beautiful collections of the butterflies and moths of the United States and Canada, which is in existence. He spared neither effort nor money in building up this collection. At various times he employed as curators Dr. James H. McDunnough, now of the Department of Agriculture in Ottawa, Canada, and Editor of The Canadian Entomologist] Dr. A. W. Lindsey, now Professor of Zoology in Denison University, Granville, Ohio; and Mr. Foster H. Benjamin, who at present is in the employment of the United States Bureau of Entomology in Florida. With the help of these and other specialists he began the publication at irregular intervals of a serial entitled Contributions to the Natural History of North American Lepidoptera, of which four complete volumes have appeared, and parts of the fifth. He and his associates named and described a large number of species and varieties of lepidoptera new to science. Especial attention from the outset was given to the lepidopterous fauna of the western and especially the southwestern states. Recently, when the great collection of lepidoptera, which had been amassed by the late Charles Oberthiir of Rennes, France, was broken up and sold, Dr. Barnes purchased among other things those parts of Dr. Boisduval’s collection of Californian butterflies, which had come into the possession of Oberthiir after the death of Boisduval. Dr. Barnes rendered a distinct service to American lepidopterists, in making these accessible to cis-Atlantic students, without having to journey to France. He spent much time, when his professional duties permitted, in personally exploring the region of the Rocky Mountains and especially Arizona in quest of lepidoptera, and also maintained for a long time a number of capable collectors in these parts. Dr. Barnes’ work as an entomologist has won for him a secure place in the annals of science. He was, however, far more than an ento- mologist. In the state of Illinois he was regarded as one of the fore- 224 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. most surgeons of his generation. As the Founder of the Decatur and Alacon County Hospital, located at Decatur, 111., his name is held in reverent affection by the community in which he lived and served; as the Founder and genial President of the Decatur Country Club he endeared himself to a host of friends. Dr. Barnes was born at Decatur, 111., September 3, i860. His early education was received in the schools of that city, where he graduated with honors from the High School in 1877. In 1878 he attended the Illinois State Normal School; the following year he was a student at the University of Illinois. In 1879 he entered Harvard, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Science after a four years’ course, standing at the head of his class. He graduated from the Harvard Medical School in 1886, and, after serving an interneship in Boston, undertook postgraduate studies at Heidelberg, Munich, and Vienna. On June 20, 1890, he married Miss Charlotte Gillette of Elkhart, 111. He is survived by a son, William A. Barnes, Jr., and a daughter, Mrs. Selim McArthur, of Chicago, 111. For forty years the Editor of these Annals has corresponded with and known Dr. Barnes, to whom he is indebted for many great kindnesses in correspondence and in exchange. His last act of kindness was to send me the types of a number of species recently described by him, so that colored figures of these may be shown on the plates of the new edition of The Butterfly Book, which is being prepared. XVI. THE MAMMALIAN FAUNA OF PENNSYLVANIA. By Samuel H. Williams. (Plate XIV) The first attempt to make a systematic survey of the mammalian fauna of Pennsylvania was made by Samuel N. Rhoads, Esq., of Philadelphia, who in 1903 privately published the results of his in- vestigations under the title ‘'The Mammals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.” Rhoads did his work thoroughly and capably and his paper still stands as the basis of our knowledge of the geographical distribu- tion of species within the confines of the state of Pennsylvania.^ In 1897 there was published by the State of Pennsylvania a docu- ment by Dr. B. H. Warren entitled, ‘‘Diseases and Enemies of Poul- try,” which included accounts of various predaceous mammals known to exist in the state. Although many interesting notes concerning the occurrence of various species were included, there was no attempt to establish the distributional ranges of the various species mentioned. Several local lists have been made and included in County His- tories and other local publications. Among the most reliable of these was “A List of The Mammals of Beaver County” by W. E. C. Todd in Bausman’s “History of Beaver County, Pennsylvania,” published in 1904. In its primeval state Pennsylvania was rich in animal life. Many of the forms, which roamed “Penn’s Woods,” have there become ex- tinct. Among these are the Bison, the Cougar, or Mountain-Lion, and the Wolf. Other forms have been so reduced in numbers that without protective measures their extermination is inevitable. There is no doubt that the mammals of the world have reached the peak of their development as far as size is concerned. Those animals, which persist, will, in all probability, be reduced in size. The spread of so-called civilization will result in the extermination of the larger ^At the present time the Pennsylvania Game Commission is recording locali- ties of all animals on which bounties are paid. Within a few years these records should serve as an excellent source of information as to the general distribution of such species. The numbers of each species on which bounties are paid will serve to indicate the relative abundance of the various predatory mammals. 225 226 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. mammals and the time is not far distant when they will be “of the past.” In all probability, future generations will look with awe upon the towering forms of giraffes, elephants, and even smaller forms, such as the horse, solely preserved in the galleries of our museums. Within a few decades we have witnessed a great reduction in num- ber of the wild animals on our American plains and in the interior of Africa and South America. Fear is being expressed for the possibility of the extermination of the Gorilla. The whaling industry, the sealing industry, and the fur-business in general, have been greatly reduced in their proportions. While the demand for furs is still great, the sup- ply is rapidly becoming limited. It even may be doubted whether in this age of mechanical advance breeding will sustain the numbers of some of the larger mammals. Horse-racing, as a sport, may succumb, before the ever increasing mania for speed. The horse is being re- placed by automobiles and aeroplanes. From the standpoint of ex- perimental genetics we have no reason to believe that the larger animals will continue as subjects for study, because of their long periods of gestation and because of the impracticability of maintaining them. The tendency is to use minute forms, such as fruit-flies and parasitic wasps, numerous generations of which may be secured in a short space of time, and kept for observation. The extermination of larger animals will, naturally disturb the balance of nature, and it may require the passing of many years be- fore conditions eventually become stabilized. When equilibrium is again restored and new interdependencies have been established, the resulting fauna will be reduced in the number of species, and in size. Arboreal forms will be few. There will be a paucity of large cursorial forms; the smaller subterranean animals, being the more secure, will be the most abundant. The faunal history of Pennsylvania has already demonstrated such tendencies. Not many years ago such animals as the deer and the bear were so scarce, so that, when an individual of either species was seen, it was of sufficient interest to call for mention in the news- papers. The increase of these animals in the past few years is due entirely to restocking, the acquisition of lands by the state, and the rigid enforcement of protective measures put into effect at the sug- gestion of the State Game Commission. While the larger animals were being decimated in years gone by, little attention was paid to a multitude of smaller forms, such as Williams: Mammalian Fauna of Pennsylvania. 227 shrews, mice, weasels, etc. These lesser kinds have thus far ap- parently been able to maintain themselves in considerable number, in the face of their being crowded into ever narrowing limits. At the present time there are at least sixty-three species of mammals indigenous to the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. These include one marsupial, the opossum; three moles; five shrews; nine bats; one bear; one raccoon; three weasels; probably two minks, although one is doubtful; one skunk; one otter; two foxes; one wildcat; one deer; and thirty-two rodents. The rodents are the Woodchuck, or Groundhog; two species of Chipmunks; two Red Squirrels; two Fox Squirrels; two Flying Squirrels; two Gray Squirrels; one species of Beaver; four species of Deer-mice; one Cave-rat; one Red-backed Mouse; one Lem- ming-mouse; one Mole-mouse; one Meadow-mouse; the Muskrat; three species of Jumping Mice; the Black Rat; the Brown (Norway) Rat; the House Mouse; the Porcupine; two species of Rabbits; and one Hare. The above list includes several exotic species, which have become so general, as to warrant inclusion in the native fauna; while a few introduced species, which are as yet rather limited in numbers and distribution, have been excluded. In the list are several species, which have always been rare, or have not been found in numbers by collectors. Among these are the Marsh-shrew {Neosorex alhiharbis), a northern species which has been found only in the northeastern part of the state in the Pocono Mountains; the Roof-rat {Rattus alex- andrinus), an exotic species introduced from Alexandria, Egypt, which probably could not cope with the Norway Rat; and the Wood- land Jumping Mouse { NapcBozapus insignis insignis). Some mammals, such as Beavers, Fox-squirrels, and Least Weasels, which have been considered more or less uncommon, are increasing in numbers. The Beaver, under rigidly enforced protection, is rapidly recovering its former numbers. There are at least eighteen colonies of beavers within the confines of the state. On the other hand, the Otter, Mink, and Marten are decreasing in numbers and it is not improbable that the latter has been completely exterminated. The persistence of certain forms is remarkable. The Bob-cat {Lynx rufus), which has been persecuted for generations, still abounds; bounties on almost two thousand specimens have been paid in the last five years. The Canadian Bob-cat {Lynx canadensis) , while never abundant, seems to have completely disappeared from Penn- 228 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. sylvania with the Cougar or Mountain-lion. Foxes, with their pro- verbial cunning, have held their own, although their destruction is encouraged by the State. Fur-hunters have considerably reduced the numbers of several species, while others are being destroyed for economic reasons, boun- ties being paid to stimulate their reduction. It is remarkable that the raccoon can persist in face of the demand for “Coon-skin coats.” While the necessity for keeping down the numbers of certain pre- daceous mammals, which feed upon game-birds and smaller game- mammals, is recognized, the complete extermination of any animal is a risky procedure. As has already been indicated, the removal of any form upsets the balance of nature. Forms, for the protection of which a ruthless war is waged against their enemies, in the absence of the latter frequently multiply so rapidly, that they themselves threaten even greater destruction, and become pests. While it is true that the weasel is an enemy of quail, pheasants, and rabbits, it should not be forgotten that rats and mice also form a large part of its diet. Its short legs and serpentine body adapt it well to gaining access to the subterranean burrows of rodents, and its com- plete extermination would undoubtedly remove one of the effective checks against these destructive animals. Hunters do not concern themselves with the eradication of the small rodents, which are well protected by their size, color, and ability to dart into underground shelters. To ignore these and at the same time kill off the predaceous forms, which feed upon them, may prove to be costly. The recent protests against the killing of does in Pennsylvania were unjustified. It seems always best to accept the judgment of those individuals who constitute the Game Commission, because they are vitally concerned with the problems of conservation and they employ a staff of well trained men, who constantly study the animal problem in all of its aspects. Our limited ranges can support only a pro- portionate number of deer. Under protection the animals can re- produce with amazing rapidity. When the numbers become too great they are faced with a shortage of food and numbers of them die of starvation in severe winters. In the struggle for existence their feeding becomes so extensive that all the lower sheltering shrubs are devoured. Upon these plants many game birds and smaller mammals depend for shelter. The removal of these “cover” plants is disastrous to the smaller forms, and even to the deer. This has been remarkably Williams: Mammalian Fauna of Pennsylvania. 229 demonstrated in the case of the deer on some of our western forest reservations, who literally ate themselves “out of house and home,” and died of starvation. The distribution of the mammals of Pennsylvania at the present time is to some extent a matter of conjecture, because of the lack of sufficient recent “records.” The evidence at hand shows a decided modification of ranges within the past twenty-seven years, since Rhoads conducted his investigations. The establishment of a com- plete and intricate highway system, which reaches virtually every part of the state, and the introduction of certain species, combined with a gradual crowding of wild creatures into limited areas, have considerably altered the former distribution. Some woodland forms have had their ranges limited by the deforestation of vast areas and many of them are confined to restricted quarters because of wide unforested interspaces, which serve as barriers to migration. The struggle for existence in some of these regions is bitter, while on the other hand, the limitation of areas has caused an emigration of ene- mies which could not survive in such reduced foraging districts. Con- sequently the existing species have more favorable auspices for survival and multiplication. The pollution of streams has contributed greatly to the reduction of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals. The reduction of feeding grounds always has this effect, and when animals become scarce, there will naturally be a lessening of the numbers which prey upon them. In considering the matter of geographical distribution within this Commonwealth there are numerous factors to be considered: (i) The adaptability of various mammals for migration; (2) the suitability of habitats; (3) the natural barriers and highways of dissemination and the effects of human activities on these barriers and highways; and (4) climatic zones. Certain mammals are so well adapted to migration that they in- habit wide ranges and their ability to move from unfavorable situa- tions enable them to survive variable conditions. Naturally the dis- tribution of such species will fluctuate from time to time, but even such mammals as bats, which are admirably adapted to extensive mi- gration, find their activity limited by barriers such as mountains, the crossing of which they may find difficult. Many mammals are structurally modified for specific habitats. 230 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. We have arboreal, terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial forms. These structural adaptations limit some of these kinds to certain districts. Deforestation, agriculture, and drainage naturally in these cases reduce the number of favorable habitats. Forms which are 'specialized neces- sarily are restricted to regions where conditions are suitable for their life, and, when these change, they migrate, or perish. There are three distinct Life-zones in Pennsylvania. These zones cannot be defined in terms of latitude and longitude. The zonation of the fauna of Pennsylvania is largely isothermal, and in consequence is determined along communicating lines, which depend more or less upon temperature fixed by relative elevation. The Canadian Zone is the most northerly and extends into War- ren, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Elk, Clearfield, Potter, Cameron, Clinton, Tioga, Lycoming, Sullivan, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wyom- ing, Lackawanna, Wayne, and Pike Counties. It also includes parts of Erie, Clarion, and Indiana Counties and stretches along the Alle- gheny Mountains into Fayette, Westmoreland, and Somerset Counties. The Northern part of Cambria and some sections of Blair, Bedford, and Center Counties are also included in the Canadian Zone. Within the Canadian zone are those mammals which are northern in their ranges. The Varying Hare or “Snow-shoe Rabbit” {Lepus americanus virginianus), the Marten {Mustela americana americana), the Least Weasel {Mustela allegheniensis) , the Cave-rat {Neotoma pennsylvanica) , the Woodland Jumping Mouse { Napceozapus insignis insignis), the Northern Pine Squirrel {Sciurus hudsonicus hudsonicus), the Northern Gray Squirrel {Sciurus leucotis caroliniensis) , the Beaver {Castor canadensis), the Canadian Deer-mouse {Peromyscus cana- densis), the Red-backed Mouse {Evotomys gapperi gapperi), the Meadow Jumping-mouse {Zapus hudsonicus hudsonicus), the Porcu- pine {Erethizon dorsatum dorsatum), the Otter {Lutra cafiadensis) , the Mink {Mustela viso7i vison), Bonaparte’s Weasel {Mustela cico- gnanii cicognanii) , the Smoky Shrew {Sorex fumeus fumeus) , the Marsh Shrew {Neosorex albibarbis), the Hairy-tailed Mole {Parascalops breweri), the Hoary Bat {Lasionycteris noctivagans) are common to the Canadian Zone, and occur in the finger-like extensions of this zone which thrust themselves southward. The Transition (Hudsonian) Zone in Pennsylvania is very irregular, because of the peculiar topography of the State. The Austral (Carolinian) Zone is represented by northward pro- Williams: Mammalian Fauna of Pennsylvania. 231 jections dovetailing into the Canadian, which is confined to the higher massifs of the region. Intermediate between the finger-like north- ward projections of the Carolinian and the southward finger-like projections of the Canadian are intercalated territories of moderate elevation above sea-level, which sometimes are narrow, sometimes broad, representing the Hudsonian, in which there is a commingling of northern and southern forms. As our map shows, the Transition Zone occupies a large part of the northwestern area of the state, the valleys between the great uplifts of the Appalachians and the moun- tainous parts of the eastern end of the state. In the region of the mountains the Transition Zone is frequently well defined. It includes most of Erie County, Crawford, Mercer, Lawrence, Venango, Butler, Beaver, Armstrong, Clarion, Indiana, and a small part of Allegheny. The Laurel and Chestnut Ridges of the mountains in Fayette and Westmoreland counties are questionable, but undoubtedly lie chiefly in this zone. The sections of Cambria and Somerset between the mountain ridges and also parts of Blair, Bedford, Center, Fulton, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Franklin, Juniata, Snyder, Union, Montour, Northumberland, Columbia, .Luzerne, Schuylkill, Lebanon, Lehigh, Monroe, and a part of Berks, where the branches of the Susquehanna River flow from the north, are all within the Transition Zone. Within the Transition Zone exist the scattered forms of both the Canadian and Carolinian Zones. The more southerly forms not in- frequently occur on the lower edge of the Canadian Zone and certain northern species extend, occasionally to the Austral Zone. The Austral (Carolinian) Zone comprises the southwestern counties of Greene, Washington, Fayette, Westmoreland, Allegheny, Beaver, and the southeastern counties of Lancaster, Chester, Philadelphia, Cumberland, York, Montgomery, Adams, and Bucks. There is an evident, progressive northward migration of both plants and animals in the Susquehanna valley. The Opossum {Didelphis virginiana virginiana), Southern Gray Squirrel {Sciurus carolinensis) , Rafinesque’s Deer-mouse {Peromyscus leucopus leucopiis) Barton’s Jumping-mouse {Zapus hudsonius americanus), Lowland Cotton-tail Rabbit {Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsii). Mole-shrew {Cryptotis parva), Georgia Pygmy Bat {Pipi- strellus subflavus siihflavus), and Rafinesque’s Little Brown Bat ( Nycticeius humeralis) , are all characteristic of the Austral (Carolinian) Zone. 232 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. The Raccoon {Procyon lotor lotor) and the other species mentioned in the recent work of the writer^ may be found, generally in the Transition Zone and in the lower Canadian and Upper Austral Zones. Because of the irregularity of contour of the life-zones we see in Pennsylvania a rather unique distribution of mammals. Where species overlap or graduate into one another (especially in the case of certain mice), the often flimsy bases of subspecification make it difficult to discriminate among them. Concerning the biology and distribution of Pennsylvanian mammals there is much to be learned. Records from every part of the state are needed and specimens of rats, mice, shrews, bats, flying squirrels, and moles with complete data should be secured from every section. With- out these records a thorough knowledge of geographical distribution cannot be ascertained. The distributional records herein given have been culled from field- notes made by the writer for many years, and from the records of the Pennsylvania State Game Commission, as well as from other sources. Data concerning the feeding and nesting habits of shrews and in- formation about the migrations of bats, are particularly needed, be- cause of all native mammals these are the least known. However, the present knowledge of our native fauna shows conclusively that Pennsylvania has within its boundaries a remarkable variety of mammalian forms. Bibliography. 1876, Wallace, A. R. — The Geographical Distribution of Animals. 1899, Sclater, W. L. — The Geography of Mammals. 1903, Rhoads, Samuel N. — The Mammals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 1905, Stone, Witmer and Cram, W. E. — American Mammals. 1927, Jennings, O. E. — The Range Limits and Migrations of Certain Plants in Western Pennsylvania, Proc. Pen7ia. Acad. Science, Vol. I, 1927. 1928, Williams, Samuel H. — The Mammals of Pennsylvania. 1929, Sutton, George Miksch, — The Alleghenian Least Weasel in Pennsylvania, Jour. Mammology, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 252. 1929, Schoonmaker, W. J. — Notes on Some Mammals of Allegheny State Park, Jour. Mammalogy, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 246. ^Williams, Samuel H. — The Mammals of Pennsylvania, U. of P. Press, 1928. 234 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV, FAUNAL MAP OF PENNSYLVANIA. The map shows the distribution of life-zones in Pennsylvania. The Pymatuning Swamp in Crawford County constitutes an island of the Canadian Zone, which is gradually becoming smaller through de- foresting and draining. The isolation of this area is evidently due to the gradual northward migration of southern forms, which have slowly surrounded the swamp, thus separating it from the rest of the Canadian.’ This swamp has recently been closely studied by various investigators. (See Sutton, “The Birds of Pymatuning Swamp and Conneaut Lake, Crawford County, Pa.” Ann. Cam. Mus., Vol. XVIII, 1928, pp. 19-239)- The valleys of the Susquehanna, Schuylkill, and Delaware rivers are proving to be excellent highways for the northward migration of many plants, and their associated faunae. Dr. Otto E. Jennings states that the River Birch {Betula nigra) and the Persimmon {Di- ospyros virginiana) have ascended the valley of the Juniata and its branches; the mammalian records indicate that these plants have followed the paths of animal forms. The map shows finger-like ex- tensions of the Austral or Carolinian Zone through Juniata, Mifflin, Huntingdon, and even Blair Counties. The branches of the Schuyl- kill indicate a similar progression. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vol. XIX. Plate XIV. XVII. NOTES ON SOME SOUTH AMERICAN GERRID^ (HEMIPTERA). By C. J. Drake and H. M. Harris. Through the kindness of Dr. W. J. Holland, Director Emeritus of the Carnegie Museum, the writers have been permitted to study a small collection of water-striders from Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia, South America. The collection is represented by nine species, two of which are new to science and described below. Genus Gerris Eabricius, 1794. Gerris Fabricius, Ent. Syst., IV, 1794, p. 187. Limnotrechus StAl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XXV, 1868, p. 395. I . Gerris marginatus Say. Gerris marginatus Say, Heter. N. Harm., 1832, p. 36; (Fitch reprint, p. 807; compl. writings, I, 1859, p. 362); Drake and Harris, Ohio Journ. Sci., XXVIII, 1929, p. 271. Male and female, Para, Brazil. These two macropterous specimens seem to differ in no appreciable way from numerous specimens of G. marginatus from the United States and Canada. Not heretofore recorded from South America. Genus Tenagogonus Stal, 1853. Tenagogonus Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., X, 1853, p. 263 {nomen nudum) ■, Stal, ibid., XII, 1855, p. 45. Limnometra, Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XV, 1865, p. 444. 2. Tenagogonus opacus Champion. Tenagogonus opacus Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., II, 1898, p. 150, pi. 9, figs. 16, i6a. Three females and two males, Chapada, Brazil, August. Genus Limnogonus Stal, 1868. Limnogonus Stal, Hemip. Fabr., I, 1868, p. 132; Kirkaldy and Torre-Bueno, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, p. 210. Lamprotrechus Reuter, Ofv. Finska Vet. -Soc. Forh., XXV, 1882, p. 40. 235 236 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 3. Limnogonus hyalinus (Fabricius). Hydrometra hyalina Fabricius, Syst. Rhyng., 1803, p. 258; Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., II, 1898, p. 153, pi. IX, fig. 18. Male, Puerto Suarez, Bolivia, collected by J. Steinbach. Two or three other species of Limnogonus have been confused with L. hyalinus in the literature. 4. Limnogonus lotus White. Limnogonus lotus White, Journ. Linn, Soc, Lond., XIV, 1879, p. 488. Three specimens, from Santarem, Brazil, Dec. 15, 1909. These examples are somewhat immature, but apparently belong to this species. 5. Limnogonus recurvus, sp. nov. Brownish fuscous to dark brownish fuscous, the abdomen almost blackish. Pronotum darker on the anterior lobe, broadly margined with flavous behind, the sides along the anterior lobe with a broad whitish vitta, two short, broad stripes on the anterior lobe (one on each side of the middle) and a narrow, long, median line extending from the basal portion of the anterior lobe to the apex, yellowish. Head with a transverse line at the base and a longitudinal line on each side near the eyes, yellowish. Abdomen fuscous-black, with a median longi- tudinal yellowish stripe extending from base of mesonotum to apex. Sides of head silvery pubescent. Connexivum above blackish fuscous, broadly marked with yellowish and silvery pubescence on each seg- ment. Rostrum extending onto basal portion of mesosternum, brown- ish testaceous, the apical segment black; the first segment almost three times as long as second; third long, extending beyond anterior coxae; fourth short. Body beneath yellowish testaceous, with sericeous pu- bescence, the sides of mesothorax below pronotum brownish to brownish fuscous; darker on propleura. Sides of abdomen with a broad brown- ish black to black vitta. Antennae brownish fuscous, the terminal segments a little darker, first segment considerably curved near base. Anterior legs brown, the femora moderately incrassate, lighter beneath ; tibiae slightly bowed, a little shorter than femora; tarsi darker. Pos- terior legs brown. All acetabula, coxae, and trochanters marked with dark brown. Length, 9,16 mm.; width, 1.60-1.90 mm. Male: Antennal formula, 100:74:56:82. Connexivum very pro- minently marked with silvery pubescence. Posterior portion of meso- and metasternum strongly depressed in the middle, last ventral truncate, subequal in length to the two preceding segments; first genital segment beneath with a large, rounded, somewhat conical Drake and Harris: South American Gerrid^. 237 process in front of the apex, the hind margin triangularly produced with a prominent, ventrally projecting, slightly recurved flattened hook at the tip; the genital segments hairy. Female: Antennal formula, 100:66:55:85. Connexivum marked with yellowish and sericeous pubescence, the median stripe of abdo- men a little more prominent than in male. Connexivum broadly tri- angularly produced beyond the abdomen. Last ventral nearly as long as the two preceding segments, moderately produced at the middle and roundly excavated at the sides. Metasternum strongly depressed behind. Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Chapada, Brazil, Aug., H. H. Smith collector, Carnegie Museum. Paratypes, one male and four females taken with type, in collections of Carnegie Museum and authors. The macropterous form is unknown. The differently formed male genital segments readily separate this species from its congeners. 6. Limnogonus profugus, sp. nov. Similar to L. recurvus, sp. nov. in size, general color and markings, but readily separated from it by the genitalia of male, the different proportional lengths of the antennal segments and the broad black upper margins of the sides of the thorax. Pronotum a little darker anteriorly than in reciirviis, with a yellowish brown vitta along each side in front, the margins behind the anterior lobe fulvous. Dorsal markings similar to those in recurvus. Antennse dark brown, the terminal segments darker; proportions, 95:67:58:71. Rostrum ex- tending onto basal portion of mesosternum, the apex black. Body beneath reddish brown with sericeous pubescence; sides of abdomen with a broad black stripe, the latter a little broader and darker in the female than in the male. Sides of thorax blackish. Legs dark brown, the base of anterior femora, coxae and trochanters yellowish brown. Wings brownish black. Female: Last ventral about a half longer than the preceding seg- ment, broadly, deeply, and roundly emarginate on each side, thus leaving the central portion and the connexivum produced and termi- nating acutely. A little more robust than male. Male: Last ventral very deeply and roundly emarginate at the mid- dle, about one and one-half times as long as the preceding segment. Genital segments plump, without keel or knob, the first segment transversely depressed near the base and roundly excavated at the apex. Length, 10.20-10.60 mm.; width, 1.60 mm. 238 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Holotype, macropterous male, Chapada, Brazil, Aug.; allotype, female, Chapada, March; both in Carnegie Museum. Paratype, Corumba (highland), Brazil, authors’ collection. This species and the preceding are much more robust than 'hyalimis and in addition they have differently formed male and female genital segments. Genus Cylindrostethus Fieber, i860. Cylindrostethus Fieber, Europ. Hemip., i860, p. 33. Hydrobates Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Faun. Brit. Guiana, III, 1848, p. 614 {Preoccupied) . 7. Cylindrostethus regulus (White). Hydrobates regulus White, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XIV, p. 488. Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, Brazil, S. M. Klages, June, 1922. Rufo- testaceous, with prominent brownish or fuscous markings; antennae largely brownish black, the apical portion of first segment, except extreme apex, and basal portion of second, lighter; lengths of segments as in the following species. Pronotum with the lateral stripes slightly paler than in C. linearis-, dorsum of abdomen brownish black with a more or less indistinct median pale line. Connexivum in both male and female terminating in a very short sharp spine. Last ventral of male very broadly, deeply, and roundly emarginated and somewhat depressed at the apex, the sides sinuate; the first genital segment plump, roundly emarginate behind; the last segment terminating in a long sharp spine. Length, 18.50-20.00 mm. A series of fifteen specimens, collected on the same stream in Brazil as White’s types. 8. Cylindrostethus linearis (Erichson). Hydrobates linearis Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Faun. Brit. Guiana, III, 1848, p. 614. This species may be separated from the preceding by the totally black antennae, whose proportions (56:23:17:25) are about the same, and the presence of a small elongate patch of rather long, sub-erect, bristly, brown hairs on each side of the mesonotum about one-third of the dis- tance from the base. The thorax with a very broad brownish black stripe on each side; dorsum of abdomen brownish black. Connexivum thickened at apex and drawn out on each side into a rather long spine. Drake and Harris: South American Gerrid^. 239 the spines fuscous and coming together at their tips. Female with first genital segment ending above in a short, black-pointed process; last segment with the terminal long spine almost fuscous. First genital segment beneath strongly depressed on each side and with more bristly brown spines near the apex than in the preceding. In C. reguliis the first genital of the female is plump and the terminal spine is only about two-thirds as long as in C. linearis. Length, 19 mm. Brazanca, Para, Brazil, Dec. 29, 1909. One female. Genus Brachymetra Mayr, 1865. Brachymetra Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., XV, 1865, p. 445. 9. Brachymetra albinervis (Amyot et Serville). Halobates albinervis Amyot et Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hem., 1843, p. 412. Three examples: Sapucay, Paraguay, April 4, 1909; Rio Coite, Brazil, Nov. 6, 1908. ■01 H0 XVIII. NOTES ON SOME SOUTH AMERICAN NABIDT:, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (HEMIPTERA)* By Halbert M. Harris Through the courtesy of Dr. W. J. Holland, Mr. H. G. Barber, and Dr. Edward Wagner the writer has been privileged to study small collections of Nabidce belonging respectively to the Carnegie Mu- seum, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Hamburg Zoological Institute. It is upon these collections that the following notes and descriptions are largely based. The writer desires to ex- press to the above his appreciation of their kindness in submitting to him their undetermined NahidcB for study, and to Dr. C. J. Drake, who has instigated many loans of material on his behalf. Genus Pachynomus Klug. Subgenus Camarochilus subg. nov. Pronotum arched, the sides constricted. Hemelytra longer than in typical subgenus, the coriaceous part more developed, its apex not so transverse, the membranal suture of the one hemelytron being in a straight line away from and parallel to the claval suture of the op- posite hemelytron when the wings are normally folded on the back. Metapleuron flat, longer than broad. Second and third segments of intermediate and posterior tarsi subequal in length. Type of subgenus, P. {Camarochilus) americanus sp. nov. The following two closely related species are the first and only known American members of the subfamily PachynomincB Stab This group may be briefly differentiated from the NabincB and Prostem- mincB by the distinctly five-segmented antennae and the absence of ocelli and metapleural orifices. It closely approaches the ReduviidcB in many characters. Heretofore the single genus, Pachynomus Klug, has contained four species inhabiting the Oriental and Ethiopian re- gions. The American representatives described below differ in certain characters from the Old World forms, and it is for these new species that the above subgenus is erected. *Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 241 242 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. I. Pachynomus (Camarochilus) americanus sp. nov. Oblong-oval, widened behind, moderately shiny, clothed with very fine, short, pale pubescence, also with some long, fine hairs. Brown, the head at base, pronotum, scutellum in greater part, and apical margins of segments of venter darker fuscous brown to sordid black. The basal half of collum, antennae, rostrum, a triangular patch on basal half of connexival segments (excepting the last), anterior femora (ex- cepting wide apical ring, which is prolonged basally on anterior and posterior sides into broad stripes), intermediate and posterior femora (excepting broad apical rings), and all coxae, trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi, yellowish testaceous. Head longer than broad (36:26), the anteocular part almost parallel-sided; vertex narrow (9), arched; postocular part very short, obliquely narrowed to basal constriction. Eyes moderately large, the width of each scarcely equal to that of vertex, the length faintly less than depth (13:15). Antennae with first segment thick, scarcely attaining apex of head, second and third of equal thickness, fourth and fifth fine, thread-like, the three apical segments rather thickly clothed with fine hairs; proportion of seg- ments, 12 :32 :3i :26:(38?). Rostrum reaching between anterior coxae, the second segment hardly surpassing insertion of antennae, the third stout, twice as long as the second (25:12). Pronotum broader than long (57:35), the collar angularly widened at the middle, the groove limiting it continued backward as a deep median longitudinal furrow, the posterior lobe marked off by a deep, convexly arcuate depression which ends on the sides before reaching the margin; the sides strongly narrowed anteriorly, sinuate, feebly margined in front of constriction; anterior lobe on each side near the middle with a wide shallow depression, its sides finely rugulose; posterior lobe finely longitudinally rugulose, the disc slightly depressed on each side before humeri, the basal margin strongly concave, thus leaving the mesoscutum widely exposed. Scutellum arched, with a median longitudinal keel bounded on each side along the basal half by a furrow. Hemelytra finely granulose, devoid of all but the very finest of hairs, the veins prominently raised, straight, unbranched, those of corium and clavus paralleled by rows of coarse punctures; embolium strongly widened distally, its apex as broad as that of corium, reaching as far as penultimate connexival segment, without evidence of trans- verse plica marking off cuneus; membrane fuscous, attaining tip of abdomen, with two elongate cells from the apex of the outer of which there extends a single vein. Legs moderately long, the anterior and intermediate femora armed within with short, peg-like, brownish teeth and long, rigid setse, the anterior ones greatly incrassate, as seen from the side, only about two and a half times as long (measured above) as deep (59:24). Anterior and intermediate tibiae slightly curved (the latter more faintly so) and armed within with short teeth, their apices provided with small Harris: South American Nabid^. 243 pads. The second and third segments of intermediate and posterior tarsi subequal in length. Metapleuron flat, rugulose, without ostiole. Venter with the segments transversely ridged before their bases, thickly pilose, the second visible segment on each side toward the median line with a small, sunken, shiny spot, from which arises a very long fine hair; each succeeding segment with a similar pair of spots, which are placed progressively farther outward, those of the last seg- ment being on the sides in line with the connexivum. Length, 8.6 mm. ; width, 3 mm. Holotype, male. La Chorrera, Panama, May 12, 1912. 2. Pachynomus (Camarochilus) confusus sp. nov. Closely allied to P. americamis sp. nov., with which it agrees in general form and color. However, slightly larger, the anterior femora longer, with the dark markings extending inward much beyond middle and occupying the greater portion of femora as seen from above, the median pronotal groove more profound, with a distinct zigzag line along its bottom, the depressions on the anterior lobe of pronotum sharper and deeper, and the median length of basal lobe distinctly greater. The apical half of the scutellum is coarsely punctate. The last connexival segment is provided in the female (mutilated in male) with the pale triangular patch, so that in this species there are six pale spots on the connexivum (only five in americamis). Length, 9. 2-9. 8 mm.; width, 3.3-3.42 mm. Holotype, male, Santarem, Brazil, in collection of Carnegie Museum. Allotype, female, taken with type, in author’s collection. 3. Pagasa luteiceps (Walker). 1873. Prostemna Walker, Cat. Hemp. Heter. Br. Mus., VII, p. 135. 1899. Pagasa luteiceps Champion, Biol. Centr. Amer., Heter., II, p. 298; PI. XVIII, figs. i6-i6a. 1909. Pagasa luteiceps Reuter et Poppius, Acta Soc. Sci. Perm., XXXVII, No. 2, pp. 26-27. 1928. Pagasa luteiceps Harris, Entomologica Americana, IX, p. 21; PI. IV, fig. 2. Three macropterous examples of this species are at hand from Chapada, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Cacagualito, Colombia. They differ in no essential way from a specimen from Tobago Island, Panama (male) and a specimen from Barro Colorado Island (female) before me. The third rostral segment is slightly longer than the second, and the fourth just attains the apex of the anterior coxae. 244 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 4. Pagasa bimaculata sp. nov. Sub-elongate, smooth, pilose, and also sparsely setose, shiny; the scutellum, hemelytra, (excepting broad costal margins along basal two-thirds) and mesopleura dull; piceous to brown, the head and heme- lytra marked with yellowish. Head piceous brown, the upper surface, (excepting a median -longitudinal spot at base of tylus and a basal bifurcate patch extending around inner margin of eyes to sides), more or less luteous; longer than broad (40:32), the length of anteocular por- tion from eyes to base of rostrum greater than width of vertex (17:14). Eyes large, placed with their hind margins on basal constriction of head, the length of one two-thirds greater than its width (15.9) and slightly less than its depth (17). Ocelli large, pale. Antennae yellow- ish brown, the apical segments paler, pilose, the third and fourth segments and the base of the fifth segment also with long, fine hairs; proportional lengths of segments, 1 5 :6 :33 :35 :34. Rostrum pale brown, the first segment yellowish above, extending to the mesosternum; the first segment as broad as long, the second reaching base of head ; proportions: II; III; IV = 36:32:i5. Pronotum smooth, broader than long (79:57), the anterior lobe deep piceous black, with a large reddish brown triangular patch at apex; posterior lobe deep brown, the transverse impression separating it from anterior lobe fine, beset with numerous punctures; basal margin deflexed, strongly and rather sharply emarginate in front of middle of scutellum. Scutellum brown, the base and sides darker and provided with several coarse deep punctures; the disc bifoveate near the mid- dle, clothed with numerous long semi-erect brownish hairs; the apex truncate. Hemelytra brown, darkened apically and along veins, a large nearly circular patch occupying outer portion of corium and inner apical angle of embolium, fulvous; a small somewhat trans- verse spot on suture at base of outer cell of membrane, yellowish; sparsely clothed with semi-erect fuscous hairs; the inner margin of clavLis with a row of coarse punctures, the outer vein of clavus and also the inner vein of corium likewise bounded on each side with a row of coarse punctures. Membrane reaching upon the penultimate abdomi- nal segment, fuscous brown, the interior cell only about half as broad as the outer two cells. Legs brownish, the outer surface of anterior femora, the tibiae, and tarsi paler; anterior femora strongly incrassate, nearly three times as long (from above) as deep (55;2o), armed beneath with numerous piceous teeth ; anterior tibiae strongly widened on apical half, serrately dentate within; the trochanters of all legs and the intermediate (basally) and posterior femora with a few short, piceous teeth; intermediate and posterior tibiae thickly setose, armed along anterior margins with two rows of stout spines. Mesosternum sulcate anteriorly. Venter brown, pilose, the segmental sutures paler. Length, 12 mm.; width, 3.65 mm. Harris: South American Nabid^ 245 Described from a macropterous female {holotype), Chapada, Brazil, October; in collection of the Carnegie Museum. This species is the largest known member of the genus, and is to be readily recognized by its size and coloration and moreover by the armature of the intermediate and posterior femora. It pertains to the typical subgenus in which the second segment of the rostrum attains the base of the head and in which the hemelytra are more or less opaque with their veins obsoletely developed. 5. Pagasa similis Poppius. 1914. Pagasa similis Poppius, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci., XIX, p. 136. Chapada, Brazil. Two brachypterous females, which differ from Poppius’ description only in that the hemelytra extend slightly beyond the apex of the second, reaching on to the true third segment of the abdomen, and the membrane slightly over-reaches the apex of the corium. The punctures along the claval and corial veins are indis- tinctly seen on the finely wrinkled hemelytra. The membrane is slightly more developed in one example than in the other. A macropterous female (morphotype) from Jatahy, Prov. Goyas, Brazil, is in my collection. Except for the development of the wings and the pronotal changes resulting therefrom, this individual does not differ structurally from brachypterous specimens. In coloration, however, it is darker throughout, the pale markings of the hemelytra being obscure, but nevertheless present on the base of the clavus and slightly outward along the suture. The legs are fuscous to piceous brown, only the trochanters, extreme apices of femora, and middle of anterior tibiae and tarsi being paler. The rostrum and antennae likewise are darker. The species was originally described from a single brachypterous female from “Obidios, Amazonas.” Macropterous form: Hemelytra fully developed, finely wrinkled throughout, with a very few fine, short, recumbent hairs, the claval vein with a long upright seta before its base, the veins raised, promi- nent; membrane attaining apex of abdomen, fuscous, the veins dis- tinct. Pronotum broader than long (45:40), the lobes of equal height, the sides feebly margined. Length, 6.8 mm.; width, 2.3 mm. 246 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 6. Nabis capsiformis Germar. 1837. Nabis capsiformis Germar, Silberm. Revue Ent., V, p. 132. 1872, Nabis kinbergi Reuter, Of. Vet. Akad. Forh., XXIX, No. 6, p. 90. 1928. Nabis capsiformis Harris, Entomologica Americana, IX, pp. 36, 64; PI. Ill, fig. 4. Examples of this more or less cosmopolitan species are at hand or have been examined from the following South American localities: Argentina, Rio Bermejo, Prov. Salta., May, 1914, (Steinbach) ; Buenos Aires; Brazil, Santarem, Corumba, and Rio de Janeiro; Peru, Arica. 7. Nabis sordidus Reuter. 1872. Nabis sordidus Reuter, Of. Vet. Akad. Forh., XXIX, No. 6, p. 85. 1872. Nabis pallescens Reuter, ibid., p. 85. 1899. Nabis sordidus Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Heter., II, p. 303; PI. XVIII, figs. 26-28. 1928. Nabis sordidus Harris, Entomologica Americana, IX, p. 41; PI. II, fig. 3. Specimens of this species, which is common in Eastern North America as far north as Maine, have been seen from Brazil. There are examples in the Hamburg Museum from San Jose, Costa Rica, and a macropterous female in the Carnegie Museum from Chapada, Brazil. The writer has previously recorded it from Panama, Guatemala, Mexico, and the West Indies. 8. Nabis roripes Stab i860. Nabis roripes Stal, Rio Janeiro Hemip., I, p. 70. 1890. Nabis roripes Reuter, Rev. d’Ent., IX, p. 297. 1908. Nabis roripes Reuter, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XV, pp. 99, loi. For a long time the writer sought specimens from tropical locali- ties which might represent this species, but invariably the few ex- amples secured proved to be no more than the common N. sordidus Reuter. It was with much elation, therefore, that he discovered in a collection sent from the Hamburg Zoological Museum a single female from Colombia, which seemed to be the true roripes. Subsequently, a nice series of adults and nymphs belonging to the Carnegie Museum and the American Museum of Natural History came to hand. The species runs directly to sordidus Reuter in my key (/.c., 1928, p. 34). Harris: South American Nabid^. 247 It may be recognized, however, by the almost uniform sordid brown venter, the shorter hemelytra of the brachypterous form, which reach on to the middle of the first dorsal segment of the abdomen, and by the larger more prominent eyes. The male clasper is quite similar to that of N. deceptivus Harris {l.c., p. 45, PL H, fig. 5). Specimens (brachypterous) are at hand from Chapada, Brazil, and Pandi, Colombia (Cundinamarca) W. Fritsche. 9. Nabis spinicrus Reuter. 1890. Nabis spinicrus Reuter, Rev. d’Ent., IX, p. 305. 1894. Coriscus signatus Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 205. 1899. Nabis signatus Champion, Biol. Centr. Amer., Heter., II, pp. 302, 304; PI. XVIII, figs. 31-33- ■ 1908. Reduviolus spinicrus Reuter, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XV, p. 103. 1928. Nabis spinicrus Harris, Entomologica Americana, IX, p. 47; PI. II, fig. 7. Four examples, macropterous, Chapada, Brazil. 7'he claspers of the males, of which there are three, are identical with those of speci- mens from Cuba, Grenada, Panama, Guadeloupe, and Hayti, including cotypes of signatus Uhler, in my collection. The species was origin- ally described from Brazil. Two females respectively from Para and Santarem, Brazil, in the Carnegie Museum, are doubtfully referred to this species. 10. Nabis seticrus sp. nov. Slender, elongate, pilose; yellowish testaceous, the sides and under surface of head and also a median divaricate line above on the head, a pattern on anterior lobe of pronotum, five short longitudinal spots on posterior lobe, the base and extreme apex of scutellum, irregular patches on the abdomen above, a distally widened longitudinal spot on the inner half of the connexival segments and a broad longitudinal stripe on each side of venter, more or less embrowned or infuscated. Meso- and metasternum fuscous. Antennae pale testaceous, the apex of the second segment and all of the third and fourth darker. Legs pale, a band before the apex of the femora, a similar sub-basal band on the tibiae, and the apices of tibiae and tarsi brownish. Head much longer than broad (23:17), the postocular part long, parallel-sided. Eyes large, prominent, the length of one slightly greater than width of vertex (8:7). Ocelli distinct and fairly conspicuous. Antennae long, length of the first segment more than twice as great as width of head through eyes; proportion of segments — (cT) 35:48:53:40, (9) 39:57:55: 44. Rostrum attaining apex of intermediate coxae, the second seg- 248 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. ment slightly longer than the third (24:20), the fourth half as long as the third. Pronotum slightly longer than broad (cf, 26:23), the sides almost straight, strongly converging anteriorly, the width at collar (13) one- half as great as median length, the disc flat, the two lobes of equal height, collar and posterior lobe distinctly punctate. Scutellum small, longer than broad, with a distinct depression behind the base. Heme- lytra reaching on to the middle of third dorsal segment, the lateral margins slightly ciliate, the commissure scarcely longer than scutellum ; membrane narrow, extending very slightly beyond apex of corium, its length slightly greater than that of commissure. Legs long, clothed with numerous long, fine, almost erect hairs, also with short, fine, more recumbent pubescence, the anterior tibiae throughout and the anterior and intermediate femora beneath, thickly beset with rather short hairs, which are recurved or hooked at the apex; the four an- terior legs armed and provided with fossae as in N. spinicrus Reuter. Abdomen slightly widened at the middle, thickly and finely pubescent. Male genital segments long, the clasper with much narrower and more recurved blade than in N. spinicrus Reuter. Length, (cf-9) 6. 1-7.6 mm.; width, 1.2-1.6 rnm. Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Chapada, Brazil; in collection of Carnegie Museum. Paratypes, one male and seven females, taken with type, and one male, Rio Janeiro, Prov. Salta, Argentina, May, 1914, Steinbach, in collections of Carnegie Museum and the writer; two males and one female, Chapada, in collection of the American Museum of Natural History. This easily recognized species belongs to the subgenus Lasiomerus Reuter and indeed is most closely related to the N. spinicrus of that author, with which it agrees in the possession of the long, rigid, spine- like setae of the four anterior legs. It may be differentiated from spinicrus by the differently constructed hemelytra (which may prove to be variable, when more material is known) of the brachypterous form; the slightly larger body; longer legs and antennae; and the differently constructed male claspers. The macropterous form is not known. The lengths of the antennal segments are slightly variable. XIX. THE SYSTEMATIC STATUS AND BREEDING HABITS OF EUPEMPHIX TRINIT APIS BOULENGER. By M. Graham Netting. Many workers have studied the breeding habits of Eiipemphix pustulosus, but to the best of my knowledge no observations on the related species, E. trmitatis, have ever been published. Undoubtedly the most detailed study of E. pustulosus is the one which Breder made in Panama, the salient features of which have been reported by Noble^. The following notes, admittedly incomplete, may be of interest since they indicate that these species, which are structurally much alike, have similar breeding habits. My observations were made on the island of Trinidad during September 1927, and during short visits in October 1929 and February 1930. All of my specimens were taken in St. George County about ten miles from Port-of-Spain, collections being made both in the lowlands at St. Augustine at an elevation of approximately one hundred feet and at Mount St. Benedict in the northern mountain range at various altitudes up to nine hundred feet. Eupemphix trinitatis was described by Boulenger^ in 1889 on the basis of four specimens from Port-of-Spain. Ten years later Werner^ described Bufo atrigularis from Trinidad. This name has been ap- propriately referred to the synonomy of E. trinitatis. Lutz in several recent papers has considered E. trinitatis a synonym of E. pustulosus. In this matter I am unable to agree with him for reasons which I have outlined below, and which I will consider in detail in a later paper. In order to determine the status of E. trinitatis I examined all of the specimens of Eupemphix from Mexico, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela in the collection of the Museum of Zoology of the Uni- versity of Michigan, all of the material from Venezuela and Trinidad in the collection of the Carnegie Museum, and -four specimens from Trinidad in the collection of the United States National Museum. I studied thirty-three specimens from Trinidad, twenty-seven from ^Noble, G. K. 1927. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XXX, pp. 87-88, fig. 17. ^Boulenger, G. A. 1889. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., [6], vol. Ill, pp. 307-308. ^Werner, F. 1899. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. XLIX, pp. 470-484. 249 250 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Venezuela, fifty from Colombia, and large series from Panama. Early in the investigation I discovered that two very distinct forms were included under the name E. pustulosiis. Specimens from Panama are strikingly different from those from eastern Colombia. I was unable to locate the type specimen of Paludicola pustulosa, which came from western Colombia, but Cope’s original description referred to the Panamanian type. Accordingly I named the eastern Colombian speci- mens E. ruihveni} The new form is very close to E. trinitatis, but is sufficiently distinct to be recognized. It is true that Venezuelan speci- mens of E. riithveni are harder to distinguish from E. trinitati s thdin are Colombian specimens, and individual specimens might be con- fused, but the examination of a series from both areas shows constant differences. Specimens of E. ruthveni from the region of Caracas in Venezuela are larger on the average than E. trinitatis, tend to be darker dorsally, have a more noticeable pectoral spot, show a more distinct vertebral stripe, which extends further forward, have fewer linear warts, and display a much greater variation in ventral markings, rang- ing from immaculate on the belly to a pattern of dark round spots, which greatly exceed those of E. trinitatis in size. If Lutz had only Venezuelan material for comparison with E. trinitatis^ it is easy to understand why he referred this species to what was then E. pustulosiis. Certainly no one would confuse E. pustulosiis, as now defined, with E. trinitatis. To summarize: E. pustulosiis ranges from Mexico south to western Colombia and overlaps the range of E. ruthveni for an un- known distance in eastern Colombia; E. ruthveni ranges from eastern Colombia through Venezuela; and E. trinitatis is restricted to Trinidad and Tobago. At this time it might be well to call attention to certain inaccuracies in the original description of E. trinitatis. Boulenger^ states “male with a large external vocal sac on each side of the throat and brown rugosities on the inner side of the inner finger.’’ It is easy to under- stand the misconception as to the vocal sac for I have seen two much- shrivelled males in which the skin composing the sac is gathered in folds only on the sides and is quite smooth in the middle. Two different color phases occur in this species, among the males at least. Werner’s description of Bufo atrigularis seems to be based ^Netting, M. Graham. 1930, Ann. Cam. Mus., vol. XIX, No. 3, pp. 167-168, PI. VII. ^Boulenger, G. A., 1889, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., [6] vol. Ill, p. 308. Netting: Eupemphix Trinitatis. 251 upon the common or uniformly-marked phase. Preserved specimens of this phase are generally uniform light gray dorsally but may be uniform dark gray or brown. Boulenger’s description of E. trinitatis refers to the rarer, brightly-marked phase, which shows contrasted dorsal markings even in alcoholic specimens. Twenty-six of twenty- eight males, which I examined, belong to the uniformly-marked phase, and five females are similar except that the entire region of the throat is red-brown and the median ventral stripe is more distinct than in the males. The following color description is taken from living specimens of the two phases. Uniform phase-. Uniform olive or brown above; a cream-colored line less than 5 mm. long extending forward from the region of the ischial symphysis sometimes present; parotoid and dorso-lateral glands lighter in color than the back; limbs with dark brown or blackish cross bars; plantar surfaces and lower surfaces of hind legs purplish; chin region gray or brown; anterior half of vocal sac black, and posterior half olive or lighter; belly white or cream with many small brown spots which increase anteriorly to form a more or less solid color over the breast; general appearance of ventral surface gray or brown; median line of white or cream distinct anteriorly, indistinct over the vocal sac, distinct on the breast, and lost in the light color of the belly; upper lip with two or three dark bars; a faintly outlined diamond sometimes visible behind the head; and a dark blotch on each side of the back posteriorly. Contrasted phase-. Two broad, cream-colored dorso-lateral stripes join anteriorly and cover the head and neck; central portion of the back behind and between these stripes brown; ground-color of upper sur- faces of the hind legs orange; elbow and dorso-lateral glands very light-colored, and with a trace of orange; vertebral stripe narrow, but extending further forward, sometimes complete. The sexes are markedly different in size. Twenty-eight males averaged 27.8 mm. in length, while five females averaged 31.9 mm. This toad has been taken in Trinidad in St. George County at Port-of-Spain, St. Augustine, Mount St. Benedict, and Arima; in Mayaro County at Guayaguayare, which is at the extreme south- eastern corner of the island; and in Tobago at Milford Bay. It is surprisingly rare in collections, and is apparently secured only when it comes to the water to breed. Since there are no published notes upon the habitat of this species some mention should be made of the marked preference for muddy or foul water which it exhibits. The few cases in which individuals were taken in clear water may be disregarded, for in every instance the 252 Annals of the Carnegie Msueum. toads had fallen into concrete basins from which they could not escape to more suitable breeding spots. I collected specimens in foul sewers, in roadside drainage ditches, in ditches of muddy water about con- struction projects, and in kitchen and laundry drains which were full of soapy water. In many cases the walls of the ditches were so steep that the subsequent escape of adults and young appeared impossible. I never found individuals in a natural pool or stream, although fre- quently such habitats were separated by only a few feet from the artificial pools which were in use. At one place a large roadside gutter emptied into a good-sized stream of clear water. Eupemphix bred in the gutter, but did not occur along the stream. Apparently the factor of current is of small moment, for I found egg-masses both in quiet water and in places where there was considerable current. I believe that this is a good example of an amphibian which has adopted a man- made habitat much as the Chimney Swift and Nighthawk have done. Probably this toad bred originally in quiet, leaf-cluttered pools of stagnant water, in hoof-prints along game trails, and in any temporary pools which were foul or muddy. Eupemphix ruthveni and E. pustulosus are known to breed in forest pools at the present time, but I am sure that a careful study of these species will indicate that Eupemphix chooses the leaf-filled pools rather than the clear pools which are chosen by such forms as Eiyla rosenhergi. Females of Eupemphix are always hard to obtain, because they dive at the first sign of danger and remain hidden in the muddy water, or under debris in the pool. The breeding season of E. trmitatis probably coincides with the duration of the rainy season. During 1927 breeding activities were in full swing throughout September, and in 1930 I collected calling males as late as February 15th, although I saw no egg-masses. The following observations upon life-history were entirely made during 1927, since my more recent visits to Trinidad were too brief to allow further work of this type. At a distance of several hundred yards the call sounded much like the bark of a small dog. At close quarters it sounded like ‘'ow-w-w-w- ac.” The Trinidad bushmen, who apparently know this toad only by its voice, call it the “coong-la,” presumably for onomatopoetic reasons. I heard full choruses only at night, although the toads sometimes called during the afternoon. When calling the males faced the bank, rested their forelegs upon it, and floated in the water with Netting: Eupemphix Trinitatis. 253 only the forepart of their bodies above the surface. If the flashlight was focused directly upon an individual, it remained in place and some- times continued calling, but if the light merely brushed a specimen it would dive and either swim to the opposite bank or come up in the middle and float. I heard trinitatis on September 2nd, my first evening in the field. The rains had begun at this time, and many pools of ground water were in evidence. In a steep-sided ditch twenty-five feet in length and three feet wide I collected ten males, and failed to secure about as many more. No egg-masses were present at this time. I was unable to visit the same ditch again until September 13th, when I found eight egg- masses in the ditch. Six of these were two or three days old, and the remaining two had been laid the previous night. The same day I found a fresh egg-mass in a small gutter containing only three inches of water. On the i6th and 19th I found fresh masses at other places. Every egg-mass which I saw was attached to a shale or clay bank. In several cases growing plants were stuck to the mass, but the evidence indicated that this was purely accidental. When laid the masses floated on the water, but in some cases the water level dropped several inches in following days and the masses were left suspended above the water. I do not know whether tadpoles which hatch in such masses wait for a rain to wash them out of the froth or not. Certainly those which hatched in the laboratory entered the water as soon as they could work their way through the froth. At II p. m. on September i6th I took a clasping pair which I placed in a small jar in the laboratory. By seven o’clock the next morning all of the eggs had been laid and most of them beaten into the froth. The entire jar was filled with froth, so I judge that the crowded quarters had prevented the toads from beating all of the mass. The eggs are laid in a clear, sticky jelly. One or both of the parents then beat the jelly into foamlike froth. The bubbles of the froth are quite small and the entire mass is the size of a baseball. The eggs are light-colored, but faintly greenish in cast, so that they can be distinguished from the pure white froth. Ten fresh eggs averaged 1.5 mm. in diameter. Of two masses, which I kept, one produced four hundred and fifty-two and the other three hundred and three tadpoles. Oviposition occurs late at night. From thirty-six to forty-eight hours later tadpoles can be observed moving in the egg-mass. From fifty to sixty hours after the eggs have been laid tadpoles enter the 254 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. water. Those from eggs which are close to the water work their way through the froth first, and those which come from eggs in the upper portion of the mass may not reach the water until as much as twenty-four hours later. Newly hatched tadpoles, measured after preservation, have a total length of about 7 mm. and a body length of about 2 mm. These tad- poles feed readily upon bread crumbs. Tadpoles a week old measure from 10-12 mm. in length and have a body length of 4-5 mm. My observations were unfortunately terminated at this time so I can- not say when metamorphosis occurs. In conclusion then; Eupemphix trinitatis is a valid form, which differs from the recently described mainland form, E. ruthveni. It lays from three hundred to four hundred and fifty eggs in a frothy mass in small pools of muddy or foul water. The masses are attached to the banks of the breeding pools, and the tadpoles enter the water about three days after egg-laying. INDEX abacopus, Glossogobius, 97 abramoides, Astyanax, 60 Acahara jusanensis, 71 Acanthocharax microlepis, 69 acanthogaster, Deuterodon, 64 Acanthophacelus bifurcus, 86 melanzonus, 86 Acestridium discus, 83 Acestrorhynchus nasutus, 70 Acheilognathus tabira, 71 achlamys, Gazza, 91 adiposalis, Pseudobagrus, 75 adonis, Oncorhynchus, 52 Adrianoff, Dr. P. I., of Moscow, 9 iEquidens awani, 94 duopunctata, 94 , guaporensis, 94 potaroensis, 94 Ageneiosus guianensis, 74 madeirensis, 74 marmoratus, 74 Agkistrodon mokasen, 178 Agmus lyriformis, 79 Agoniates anchovia, 60 agyleus, Derobrachus, 146 ajax, Papilio, 193 alaskensis, Brenthis, 44 albequina, Brenthis, 40 albimontana, Melitaea harrisi, 161 albocincta, Megathymus, 159 albomarginatus, Pseudopimelodus, 78 Albula virgata, 52 Alectis breviventralis, 90 temmincki, 90 Alepocephalus umbriceps, 52 alfaratta, Poanes, 159 aliata, Stevardia, 68 Allolepis hollandi, 98 alpha, Bryconamericus, 62 alternatum, Pygidium, 79 alternus, Leporinus, 57 alticola, Brenthis, 38 altispinosa, Crenicara, 95 Amaral, Dr. A., 180 amaurus, Bunocephalus, 79 amazonse, Bleptonema, 58 Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis, 71 americana, Brenthis polaris, var., 43 Amia sialis, 91 amphiloxus, Hemicetopsis, 81 Amynthia clorinde, 201 maerula, 201 analis, Gyrinus, 123 Hemigrammus, 64 Piabina, 67 anchovia, Agoniates, 60 Ancistrus lithurgis, 83 melas, 83 Anderson, Robert J., 212 andersoni, Corymbophanes, 83 anfructosa, Celtis, 136 Anostomus plicatus, 57 anpinensis, Mugil, 89 anthracinus, Eumeces, 170 Antivenin, 182 aokii, Culter, 71 apacheana, Argynnis, 18 Apareiodon hasemani, 55 itapicuruensis, 55 aphrodite, Argynnis, 16 Aphyocharax ery thrums, 57 melanotus, 58 paraguayensis, 58 Aphyodite grammica, 58 Apogonichthys melampodus, 91 arachne, Melitaea, 156 Archicheir minutus, 55 arcus, Leporinus, 57 ardens, Franzia, 92 ardesiaca, Nansenia, 53 255 256 Index Areliscus hollandi, 88 Argynnids of the Nokomis-group, By W. J. Holland, 15 Argynnis apacheana, 18 aphrodite, 16 atlantis, 16 coerulescens, 27 cybele, 16 diana, 16 leto, 18, 25 leto, var. charlottii, 26 leto, var. letis, 26 nigrocoerulea, 27 nigrocoerulea, var. rufescens, 27 nitocris, 16, 27 nokomis, 16, 26 Armstrong, Charles D., 152 Arrow, G. K., 141 Asiphonichthys hemigrammus, 69 asterias, Spheroides, 99 astrinius, Calliurichthys, 97 Astroblepus cyclopus santanderensis, 82 frenatus, 82 grixalvii micrescens, 82 latidens, 82 Astronotus orbiculatus, 95 Astyanax abramoides, 60 aurocaudatus, 60 bimaculatus novae, 60 daguae, 60 essequibensis, 60 guaporensis, 60 guianensis, 60 gymnogenys, 61 hasemani, 61 heterurus, 61 magdalenae, 61 marionae, 61 metae, 61 microlepis, 61 mucronatus, 61 mutator, 61 paranahybae, 61 potaroensis, 61 ribeirae, 61 ruberrimus, 61 atlantis, Argynnis, 16 atratoensis, Curimatus, 54 atrilatus, Pseudaspius, 72 aubynei, Pristella, 67 Auchenipterus brevior, 73 demerarae, 73 auratus, Esmeralda, 145 Poecilobrycon, 56 aurocaudatus, Astyanax, 60 avanhandavae, Pimelodella, 77 Avinoff, Dr. Andrey, 9, 19, 20, 104, 123, 15 1, 152; presents testimonial to Dr. W. J. Holland on Dr. Hol- land’s Eightieth Birthday, ii- 13; Two New Subspecies of Melitcea harrisi, with Remarks upon Related Forms, 161-166, PI. VI. avinoffi, Thanaos, 156 awani, ^Equidens, 94 Awaous decemlineatus, 97 azonus, Pleurogrammus, 93 azygia, Farlowella, 83 Ball, Dr. Antoine, of Brussels, 9 Banks, Mr. Wilson, 9 banneaui, Pygidium, 79 barbatus, Platysilurus, 78 Barnes, Dr. William, Obituary of, 223 Barton’s Jumping-mouse, 231 Bat, Hoary, 230 Georgia Pygmy, 231 Little Brown, 231 Rafinesque’s Little Brown, 231 baxteri, Brenthis, 42 Beaver, 227, 230 Beebe, Dr. William, 141 Beetles, A List of Prionid, taken at Kartabo. By Samuel H. Wil- liams, 139 Belligobio eristigma, 71 bellus, Brachirus, 93 beni, Creagrutus, 63 Phenacogaster, 67 Benjamin, Foster H., 223 benjamini, Entomocorus, 73 Index 257 licrgi, Pseudaspius, 72 Berry, Dr. Edward W., 135 beta, Bryconamericus, 62 bidens, Gyretes, 128 bifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon, 65 Parodon, 55 bifurcus, Acanthophacelus, 86 bilineata, Hasemania, 64 bilineatus, Pygocentrus, 69 bimaculata, Iridio, 96 Nannacara, 96 bimaculatus novae, Astyanax, 60 Biologia, Instituto de, in Mexico, 209 Bivibranchia protractila, 54 Bledowski, Prof. Dr. R., of Warsaw, Poland, 9 blennioides, Characidium, 55 Bleptonema amazonae, 58 paraguayensis, 58 Bodianus stellatus, 91 Bogdanov- Katjkov, Prof. Dr., of Lenin- grad, 9 bogotense, Pygidium, 79 Bolivar y Pieltain, Dr. C., Madrid, 9 boliviana, Pimelodella, 77 bona-nox, Coryphaenoides, 88 Bonaparte’s Weasel, 230 boninius, Cephalopholis, 91 boquiae, Bryconamericus, 62 boquillae, Cetopsorhamdia, 75 Boulton, Mr. and Mrs. Rudyerd, 9, 12, 103; return from Africa, 205 Bouvier, Dr. E. L., Paris, 9 bovallii, Poecilocharax, 57 Bowman, Chancellor J. G., 9 Brachirus bellus, 93 Brachyglanis frenata, 75 melas, 75 phalacra, 75 Brachymetra albinervis, 239 branchiomelas, Stolephorus, 52 branneri, Rhamdia, 78 branneri voulezi, Rhamdia, 78 brasiliensis iporangensis, Geophagus, 95 itapicuruensis, Geophagus, 95 Brenthis albequina, sp. nov., 40 Brenthis albequina var. baxteri, nov., 42 bellona, 44 bellona pardopsis, ab. nov., 43 bellona toddi, subsp. nov., 45 euphrosyne, 37 frigga, var. lehmanni, nov., 44 improba, 40 kriemhild, 37 laurenti, 37 myrina, 35 myrina, var. dawsoni, 39 myrina, var. jenningsae, nov., 36 myrina, var. nebraskensis, nov., 36 myrina, var. terrae-novae, nov., 36 myrina, tollandensis, 37 pales, var. alaskensis, 44 polaris, 49 polaris, var. americana, 43 selene, 40, 41 selene, var. hela, 41 triclaris, 37 triclaris, var. alticola, 38 youngi, 44 breviceps, Rivulus, 86 brevior, Auchenipterus, 73 Chasmocranus, 75 brevipinnis, Creagrutus, 63 brevis, Hemigrammus, 64 Thoracocharax, 69 breviventralis, Alectis, 90 broccee, Spintherobolus, 59 Brooks, Betty Watt, Celtis micro- endicarpica Brooks not a Litho- spermum, 135-138, PI. III. browni, Moenkhausia, 66 brunneolus, Pseudotolithus, 92 brunneus, Ectenias, 90 Brycon henni, 60 siebenthalae, 60 Bryconamericus alpha, 62 beta, 62 boquiae, 62 caucanus, 62 chocoensis, 62 cismontanus, 62 Index 258 Bryconamericus conventus, 62 decurrens, 62 dentatus, 62 deuterodonoides, 62 diquensis, 62 henni, 62 hyphesson, 63 magdalenensis, 63 novae, 63 ortholepis, 63 scopiferus, 63 scopiferus guaytarae, 63 tolimae, 63 Bufo atrigularis, 249, 250 Bunocephalus amaurus, 79 chamaizelus, 79 colombianus, 79 depressus, 79 burkei, Careproctus, 94 caliense, Pygidium, 80 caliensis, Gambusia, 87 californica, Pamphila, 157 Calliurichthys astrinius, 97 zanectes, 97 Calymmichthys xenicus, 98 Camarochilus, subgen. nov. of Pachy- nomus, 241 americanus, sp. nov., 242 confusus, sp. nov., 243 Canieroons, building of highways in, 206 Camlin, A. D., Agent of P. R. R. at East Liberty, 208 Canadian Deer-mouse, 230 capito, Centriscus, 88 Caranx formosanus. 90 ishikawai, 90 miyakamii, 90 oshimai, 90 rastrosus, 90 uii, 90 Careproctus burkei, 94 gilberti, 94 Carnegie, Andrew, 210, 212 Carnegie, Mrs. Andrew, 207 Carnegie Corporation of New York, 207 Carnegie Endowment for Promoting International Peace, 7 “Carnegie Museum Project,” 207 “Carnegie,” the non-magnetic ship, lost in the harbor of Samoa, 15 1 carnegiei, Cnesterodon, 87 Diplodocus, 207 Pseudancistrus, 85 carolinus, Dineutus, 125 Carpplestes nigridens, 116 Cascadura maculocephala, 83 Castor canadensis, 230 catablepta, Dermatocheir, 64 catenatum, Characidium, 55 catenatus catenatus, Sistrurus, 178 caucanus, Bryconamericus, 62 Characidium, 55 Creagrutus, 63 Gephyrocharax, 67 Lasiancistrus, 84 Cave-rat, 230 Ceballos, Dr. G., Madrid, 9 Celtis crassifolia, 136 microendocarpica, 135 mississippiensis, 136 occidentalis, 136 pallida, 136 reticulata, 136 Celtis Microendocarpica Brooks Not a Lithospermum, By Betty Watt Brooks, 135 Centriscus capito, 88 Centropyge tutuilae, 92 Cephalopholis boninius, 91 Cephalosilurus fowleri, 75 cervicornis, Macrodontia, 139, 144 Cetopsorhamdia boquillee, 75 nasus, 75 Chsenothorax eigenmanni, 83 chamaizelus, Bunocephalus, 79 chapmani, Cyclopium, 82 Pygidium, 80 Characidium blennioides, 55 catenatum, 55 ^ caucanum, 55 Index 259 Characidium laterale, 55 pellucidum, 56 phoxocephalum, 56 pteroides, 56 vintoni, 56 zebra, 56 Charax rupununi, 70 charlottii, Argynnis, 26 Chasmocranus brevier, 75 longior, 76 rosae, 76 Cheirocerus eques, 76 Cheirodon madeirae, 58 microdon, 58 notomelas, 58 parahybae, 58 stenodon, 58 Chelidonichthys ischyrus, 94 chocoensis, Bryconamericus, 62 Gephyrocharax, 67 chosenicus, Rhodeus, 73 Chromis villadolidi, 94 Cichlasoma ornatum gephyrum, 95 Cimolestes incisus, 109 Cimolomys, sp. indet., 112 cinnamomeus, Orthomegas, 145 cismontanus, Bryconamericus, 62 Claassen, Prof. P. W., 6 Clapp, Dr. George H., 9 Clark, Mr. B. Preston, i clavilatus, Sebastodes, 93 Clement, Harold J., returns from Vene- zuela, 205; goes to Florida, 206 clorinde, Amynthia, 201 Gonepteryx, 201 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, 170, 172 Cnesterodon carnegiei, 87 Ccelorhynchus gilberti, 88 coerulescens, Argynnis, 27 Coggeshall, Arthur S., 8, 9, 103 Coggeshall, L. S., 9, 207 Cohen, Hon. Josiah, Obituary of, 221 colombianus, Bunocephalus, 79 Hemibrycon, 64 Heterandria, 87 compressus, Rivulus, 86 Compsura heterura, 58 conjungens, Orectogyrus, 134 conklini, Sphagebranchus, 53 conradi, Pygidium, 80 Conte, Commendatore Michele, 15 1 conventus, Bryconamericus, 62 Copperhead, 176 Cormorant, European, breeds on Gulf of St. Lawrence, 2 Cornell University, Fourth Entomo- logical Congress, meets at, 5 Corporaal, Dr. J. B., of Amsterdam, 105 Corymbophanes andersoni, 83 Coryphsenoides bona-nox, 88 Cotton-mouth, 175 crassifolia, Celtis, 136 Creagrutus beni, 63 brevipinnis, 63 caucanus, 63 magdalenae, 63 melanzonus, 63 crenatus, Stethaprion, 68 Crenicara altispinosa, 95 Crenicichla alta, 95 dorsocellata, 95 iguassuensis, 95 jaguarensis, 95 santaremensis, 95 simoni, 95 Creodonta, 116 Cretaceous Mammals from the Lance Eormation, Some, By George Gaylord Simpson, 107 Crosby, Mrs. S. V. R., 102 Crossley, Prof. C. J., 6 Crotalus horridus, 179 Crucible Steel Company of America, 212 Cryptotis parva, 231 Culter aokii, 71 Curimatus atratoensis, 54 issororo, 54 metae, 54 morawhannae, 54 patiae, 54 260 Index cybele, Argynnis, i6 cyclolepis, Parecbasis, 59 Cyclopium chapmani, 82 trifasciatum, 82 unifasciatum, 82 vanceae, 82 ventrale, 83 cyclopus santanderensis, Astroblepus, 82 cylindricus, Hemigrammus, 65 Cylindrostethus linearis, 238 regulus, 238 Cynopotamus essequibensis, 70 daguae, Gobius (Ctenogobius) , 97 Hemiancistrus, 83 Joturus, 89 Dampf, Dr. Alfonso E., 9, 209 Danais plexippus, 202 Dante, 151 Darwin, Sir George P., 213 Dasyatis ushiei, 51 Dasyscopelus orientalis, 85 dasystomum, Mallodon, 142 daunus, Papilio, 191 davisi, Pygidium, 80 dawsoni, Brenthis, 39 dayi, Decapterus, 90 deani, Sebastodes, 93 Decapterus dayi, 90 decemlineatus, Awaous, 97 decurrens, Bryconamericus, 62 delia, Papilio, 200 demerarae, Auchenipterus, 73 demeryi var. intermedius, Orectogyrus, 134 dentatus, Bryconamericus, 62 depressus, Bunocephalus, 79 derbyi, Plecostomus, 84 Dermatocheir catablepta, 64 Derobrachus agyleus, 146 Deuterodon acanthogaster, 64 pinnatus, 64 deuterodonoides, Bryconamericus, 62 devilliersi, Papilio, 191 diana, Argynnis, 16 Diaphus gigas, 85 latus, 85 sagamiensis, 85 Didelphis virginiana, 231 Dineutus (Cyclinus) emarginatus, 124 carolinus, 125 micans, 134 productus, 126 Dingier, Dr. Max, of Giessen, 9 Diplodocus carnegiei, 149, 207 Diplogonurus maderensis, 89 diquensis, Bryconamericus, 62 discus, Acestridium, 83 Dissacus europaeus, 122 filholi, 122 gaudryi, 122 longaevus, 122 navajovius, 116, 121, 121 praenuntius, 122 Does, killing of, 228 Doras lentiginosus, 74 Dormitator gymnocephalus, 96 dorsocellata, Crenicichla, 95 dorsostriatum, Pygidium, 80 Drake, C. J. and Harris, H. M. Article by, 235-239 Ducks, Eider, 2 duopunctata, ^Equidens, 94 DuPuy, Charles M., father of Herbert, 211 DuPuy, Herbert, Obituary, 21 1-2 13 DuPuy, Maud, sister of Herbert, wife of Sir George P. Darwin, 213 duragenys, Hyphessobrycon, 65 Dyar, Harrison G., 21, 22 Eastham, Prof. L. E. S., Cambridge University, 9 Ectenias brunneus, 90 ectenurus, Leptocephalus, 53 Editorial Notes, i-io, 101-106, 149-153, 205-210 Edwards, William H., The Butterflie of North America, 15-34 Efflatoun Bey, Dr. H. C., 9 eidolon, Psychichthys, 51 Index 261 eigenmanni, Chaenothcrax, 83 Fitzroyia, 87 Parapelecus, 72 Phalloptychus, 87 Siphostoma, 88 elegans, Neoheterandria, 87 Pediomys, no emarginatus, Dineutus (Cyclinus), 124 Gyrinus, 124 emphaeus, Sebastodes, 93 Encaeura evides, 96 Enderlein, Dr. G., of Berlin, 9 Enhydrus tibialis, 124 Entomocorus benjamini, 73 Entonanthias pascalus, 92 eos, Hyphessobrycon, 65 Epinephelus ionthas, 91 eques, Cheirocerus, 76 Erethizon dorsatum, 230 eriomma, Scolopsis, 92 eristigma, Belligobio, 71 Erynnis lindseyi, 158 erythrozonus, Hemigrammus, 65 ery thrums, Aphyocharax, 57 Poecilobrycon, 56 Esmeralda auratus, 145 essequibensis, Cynopotamus, 70 Leptoglanis, 76 Euangelistes petersoni, 107 Eumeces anthracinus, 170 fasciatus, 170 Eumegistus illustris, 89 Eupemphix pustulosus, 168, 249 ruthveni, 167, 250 stentor, 168 trinitatis, 168; the Systematic Status and Breeding Habits of, 249-254 euphrosyne, Brenthis, 37 europaeus, Dissacus, 122 evermanni, Ophichthus, 53 evides, Encaeura, 96 Hemipteronotus, 96 Thysanichthys, 93 Evotomys gapperi, 230 excisus, Gyrinus, 126 Farlowella azygia, 83 hasemani, 83 jauruensis, 83 fasciatus, Eumeces, 170 fasciolatus, Phallotorynus, 87 filamentosa latiura, Loricaria, 84 seminuda, Loricaria, 84 filamentosus, Macropodus, 89 filholi, Dissacus, 121 fimbriata, Loricaria, 84 finis, Soleonasus, 88 fisheri, Labeo, 72 Trachycorystes, 74 Fishes, List of Types of Recent, in the Collection of the Carnegie Mu- seum, September i, 1928, 51-99 Fitzroyia eigenmanni, 87 flabelliferus, Ochmacanthus, 79 floridensis, Gyrinus, 123 formosee, Liza, 89 Formosania gilberti, 71 formosanus, Caranx, 90 Rhinogobius, 97 Scomberoides, 90 fossilium, Lithospermum, 135 Fourth International Entomologica Congress, 5-13 fowleri, Cephalosilurus, 75 Fowlerina franciscensis, 68 Fox-Wilson, Mr., of London, 9 fragilis, Scepterias, 91 franciscensis, Fowlerina, 68 franciscoensis, Phenacogaster, 67 Francke, Mrs. Louis J., 102 Franklin, Sir John, 150 Franzia ardens, 92 frenata, Brachyglanis, 75 frenatus, Astroblepus, 82 Rivulus, 86 frosti, Gyrinus, 123 Fuehrer, Prof. Ludwig von, 153 Fuehrer, Ottmar von, 153; goes to Florida to collect, 206 Galloway, Dr. J. J., illustrations o foraminifera, 207 262 Index Gambusia caliensis, 87 nigroventralis, 87 Garden Club of Allegheny County, 102 gaudryi, Dissacus, 122 Gazza achlamys, 91 Genycharax tarpon, 64 Geological Survey of Mexico, 209 Geophagus brasiliensis iporangensis, 95 itapicuruensis, 95 Gephyrocharax caucanus, 67 chocoensis, 67 melanocheir, 68 Gerridae, Notes on Some South Ameri- can, 235-239 Gerris marginatus, 235 gigas, Diaphus, 85 gilberti, Careproctus, 94 Coelorhynchus, 88 Formosania, 71 gilensis, Melitaea, 156 Gill, Miss Elizabeth D., 9 gimbeli, Porotergus, 70 Giurato, Signor Giovanni, 151 Glandulocauda inequalis, 68 melanogenys, 68 melanopleura, 68 Glanidium ribeiroi, 73 globosus, Gyretes, 130 Glossogobius abacopus, 97 parvus, 97 Gnathopogon iijimse, 71 ishikawae, 72 longifilis, 72 majimse, 72 suwae, 72 tsuchigae, 72 Gobius (Ctenogobius) daguae, 97 golovinus, Parnassius, 155 Gonepteryx clorinde, 201 maerula, 201 rhamni, 201 Good, Dr. A. L, 206 gracilior, Pygidium, 80 gracilis, Tomeurus, 87 Graham, Herbert W., 151 grammica, Aphyodite, 58 grandis, Orectogyrus, 133 grandisquamis, Amblypharyngodon, 71 granti, Leporinus, 57 Gray, H. H., 208 Gridelli, Dr. E., of Genoa, 9 griffini, Pimelodella, 77 grinnelli, Physiculus, 88 griseus, Loricaria, 84 grixalvii micrescens, Astroblepus, 82 guaporensis, ^quidens, 94 Metynnis, 69 Microschemobrycon, 59 guianensis, Ageneiosus, 74 Pygidium, 80 Stolephorus, 52 Gull, Great Black-backed, 2 gymnocephalus, Dormitator, 96 gymnodontus, Psalidodon, 67 Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus, 70 Gymnothorax leucostigma, 54 gymnotus, Porotergus, 71 Gyretes bidens, 128 globosus, 130 levis, 127 lucidus, 128 multisetosus, 130 nitidulus, 132 sexualis, 128 suturalis, 129 Gyrinidae in the Carnegie Museum, . Notes upon. By Dr. Georg Ochs, 123 Gyrinus analis, 123 emarginatus, 124 excisus, 126 floridensis, 123 frosti, 123 longimanus, 126 Hailman, James D., Obituary of, 217 Hance, Prof. R. T., 9 hanhami, Phyciodes, 163 Harris, Halbert M., article by, 241-248 harrisoni, Poecilobrycon, 56 hasemani, Apareiodon, 55 Astyanax, 61 Index 263 hasemani, Farlowella, 83 Heterandria, 87 Pimelodella, 77 Pygidium, 80 Stenarchus, 71 Vandellia, 81 hastatus, Odontostilbe, 59 Hawk Owl, 2 Heikertinger, Dr. F., of Vienna, 9 hela, Brenthis, 41 Hemiancistrus daguae, 83 mayoloi, 84 Hemibrycon colombianus, 64 Hemicetopsis amphiloxus, 81 macilentus, 82 minutus, 82 othonops, 82 Hemidoras leporhinus, 74 micropoeus, 74 microstomus, 74 notospilus, 74 Hemigrammus analis, 64 brevis, 64 cylindricus, 65 erythrozonus, 65 iota, 65 marginatus, 65 orthus, 65 rodwayi, 65 hemigrammus, Asiphonichthys, 69 Hemiodus parnaguae, 55 Hemiptera, Gerridae, 235-239 Nabidae, 241-248 Hemipteronotus evides, 96 hemiurus, Plecostomus, 85 Henn, Arthur W., List of Types of Re- cent Fishes in the Collection of the Carnegie Museum on Sep- tember I, 1928, 51-99 henni, Brycon, 60 Bryconamericus, 62 Heptapterus stewarti, 76 Herrera, Dr. A. L., 208 Herrick, Prof. Glenn W., 6 Heterandria colombianus, 87 hasemani, 87 heterandria, Pseudocorynopoma, 68 Heterocharax macrolepis, 70 heterodon, Holesthes, 58 Heterogramma ortmanni, 96 ritense, 96 taeniatum pertense, 96 trifasciatum maciliense, 96 heteropleurus, Pimelodus, 78 heterostomus, Probolodus, 59 heterura, Compsura, 58 heterurus, Astyanax, 61 hildebrandi, Roeboides, 70 Sicydium, 97 hobomok, Poanes, 159 Hoffmann, Dr. Carlos C., 209 hofmanni, Melitaea, 156 Hog-nosed Snake, 175 Holacanthus lunatus, 93 Holesthes heterodon, 58 Holland, W. J., Editorial Notes, 1-9; 101-106; 149-153; 205- 210. Obit- uaries: Herbert DuPuy, 211- 213, PI. X; Daniel Winters, 215- 216, PI. XI; James D. Hailman, 217-219, PI. XII; Hon. Josiah Cohen, 221-222, PI. XIII; Dr. William Barnes, 223-224. Arti- cles by: The Argynnids of the Nokomis-group, 15-34; Notes upon Some N. A. Species and Vars. of the Genus Brenthis, 35- 45; Introduction to Catalog of Types of Fishes in Carnegie Mu- seum by A. W. Henn, 49; New Species and Vars. of N. A. Butterflies, 155-160; Notes on Classification and Nomenclature of Some American Butterflies, 185-204; Elected Honorary Life Member of Entomological Con- gress on 80th Birthday, ii; Pre- sides at General Session of 4th Entom. Congress, Aug. 14, 1928, 1 1 ; Elected Member of American Philosophical Society, 4; Re- ceives Testimonial from his Col- 264 Index leagues in the Carnegie Museum, 11-13; Sets up Ninth Replica of Diplodocus carnegiei in National Museum of Mexico, 207-210. hollandi, Allolepis, 98 Areliscus, 88 Imparfinis, 76 Limia, 87 Myctophum, 85 Raja, 51 Serrasalmo, 69 Spinibarbus, 73 holmiae, Rivulus, 86 Holt, Ernest G., 3, 103 hondae, Pseudoperalampus, 73 Hood, Ida R., 21, 28 Hoplosternum magdalenae, 83 horridus, Crotalus, 179 Horsfield, Dr. Thomas, 5 Hostetter, David M., 21 1 Howard, Dr. L. O., 6, ii humeralis gracilior, Serrasalmo, 69 Hunt, Mrs. Roy A., 102 Hutchison, R. H., 176 Hydrobates, 238 Hyla rosenbergi, 252 Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus, 65 duragenys, 65 eos, 65 melanopleurus, 65 minimus, 65 minor, 65 parvellus, 66 poeciliodes, 66 proteus, 66 reticulatus, 66 rosaceus, 66 stictus, 66 taurocephalus, 66 hyphesson, Bryconamericus, 63 hypostomus, Gymnorhamphichthys, 70 Hysteronotus megalostomus, 68 Iburiella kasawae, 94 Icticus ischanus, 90 iguassuensis, Crenicichla, 95 iharse, Sciaena iheringi, Pygidium, 80 iijimae, Gnathopogon, 71 ijimae, Sebastodes, 93 Synchiropus, 98 ilaire, Melete, 198 illustris, Eumegistus, 89 imbrius, Salvelinus, 53 Imparfinis hollandi, 76 microps, 76 mirini, 76 improba, Brenthis, 40 incisus, Cimolestes, 109 inequalis, Glandulocauda, 68 Insectivora, 115, 119 Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, 209 International Entomological Congress, The Fourth, 9-13 inversus, Pentacodon, 115 ionthas, Epinephelus, 91 iota, Hemigrammus, 65 Iridio bimaculata, 96 ischanus, Icticus, 90 ischyrus, Chelidonichthys, 94 ishikawae, Gnathopogon, 72 Oncorhynchus, 52 ishikawai, Caranx, 90 issororoensis, Curimatus, 54 Italia, airship, 151 itapicuruensis, Apareiodon, 55 Geophagus, 95 Pimelodella, 77 jaguarensis, Crenicichla, 95 Jalyssus tuberculatus, 144 jauruensis, Farlowella, 83 Jeannel, Dr. Rene G., of Paris, 9 Jebb, Sir Richard C., 213; Lady Jebb, aunt of Herbert DuPuy, 213 Jennings, Dr. Otto E., 102, 152 jenningsse, Brenthis, 36 Johannsen, Prof. O. A., 6 Jordan, Dr. Karl, ii Jordan!, Labeo, 72 Lampanyctus, 85 Trachynotus, 91 Index 265 Jorga, Dr. Nicholas, visits museum, 207 Joturus daguae, 89 jusanensis, Acahara, 71 Kahl, Hugo, 9, 12, 123, 141 Kartabo, A list of Prionid Beetles taken at. By Samuel H. Williams, 139 kasawae, Iburiella, 94 katsukii, Stellistius, 93 kawamurae, Oncorhynchus, 53 Kay, J. LeRoy, 150, 206 kayi, Labidolemur, 120 Kemner, Dr. N. A., of Stockholm, 9 kikuchii, Phoxiscus, 72 Klages, Henry, 9 kriemhild, Brenthis, 37 kumae, Monomitopus, 98 Kuntzen, Dr. H., 141 kuroiwae, Tridentiger, 97 Labeo fisheri, 72 jordani, 72 Labidolemur kayi, 120 soricoides, 119 Lahille, Prof. F., of Argentina, 7 Lampanyctus jordani, 85 Lamprotrechus, 236 Lance Formation, Some Cretaceous Mammals from the. By George Gaylord Simpson, 107 lanceolatus, Rivulus, 86 landoni, Pterobrycon, 68 Lasiancistrus caucanus, 84 Lasionycteris noctivagans, 230 laterale, Characidium, 55 Leiolopisma, 170, 172 Lathy, Mr. P., of Paris, 9 laticeps, Pimelodella, 77 australis, Pimelodella, 77 Schizodontopsis, 57 latidens, Astroblepus, 82 latistriatum, Pygidium, 80 latus, Diaphus, 85 laurenti, Brenthis, 37 lehmanni, Brenthis, 44 Leiolopisma laterale, 170, 172 Leipsanolestes, 118 lentiginosus, Doras, 74 lepidura hasemani, Moenkhausia, 66 Leporellus timbore, 57 leporhinus, Hemidoras, 74 Leporinodus retropinnis, 57 Leptacodon (Leipsanolestes) siegfriedti, 115. 118 Leptictidee, 115, 118 Leptocephalus ectenurus, 53 Leptoglanis essequibensis, 76 leptorhynchus, Stenarchus, 71 Lepus americanus virginianus, 230 letis, Argynnis, 26 leto, Argynnis, 18, 25 leucostigma, Gymnothorax, 54 levis, Gyretes, 127 Life-zones in Pennsylvania, 230 liggetti, Melitaea harrisi, 161 Limia hollandi, 87 Limnogonus hyalinus, 236 lotus, 236 profugus, sp. nov., 237 recurvus, sp. nov., 236 Limnometra Mayr, 235 Limnotrechus Stal, 235 Lindsey, A. W., 223 lindseyi, Erynnis, 158 linearifolium, Celtis, 138 linnelli, Leptodoras, 74 Liobagrus nantoensis, 75 Liopempheris sasakii, 92 Lithogenes villosus, 84 lithoides, Lithoxus, 84 Lithospermum fossilium, 135 Lithoxus lithoides, 84 lithurgis, Ancistrus, 83 Liza formosae, 89 parva, 89 pescadorensis, 89 Lizards, The Occurrence of, in Penn- sylvania, By M. Graham Net- ting, 169 Lloyd, Mrs. Horatio Gates, 102 Lockhart, James H., 153 longaevus, Dissacus, 122 266 Index longifilis, Gnathopogon, 72 longimanu?, Gyrinus, 126 longior, Chasmocranus, 76 Loricaria filamentosa litiura, 84 filamentosa seminuda, 84 fimbriata, 84 griseus, 84 microdon, 84 stewarti, 84 submarginatus, 84 Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 208 lucidus, Gyretes, 128 lunatus, Holacanthus, 93 Lutra canadensis, 230 Lycodes tanakae, 98 Lyman, H. H., 7 Lynx canadensis, 227 rufus, 227 lyriformis, Agmiis, 79 McCalla, Miss E., 9 McClintock, Admiral Sir Francis Leo- pold, 150 McDunnough, James H., 223 McKnight, Mrs. T. H. B., 102 macilentus, Hemicetopsis, 82 MacMillan, Commander Donald B., 149 Macrodontia cervicornis, 139, 144 macrolepis, Heterocharax, 70 Macropodus filamentosus, 89 Macropsobrycon uruguayanae, 59 macturkii, Pimelodella, 77 maculocephala, Cascadura, 83 maculosus, Tylobronchus, 55 madeirse, Cheirodon, 58 madeirensis, Ageneiosus, 74 maderensis, Diplogonurus, 89 maerula, Amynthia, 201 Gonepteryx, 201 magdalenae, Astyanax, 61 Creagrutus, 63 Hoplosternum, 83 Rivulus, 86 Roeboides, 70 Thoracocharax, 69 magdalenae, Xyliphius, 79 magdalenensis, Bryconamericus, 63 majimae, Gnathopogon, 72 Malakichthys wakiyae, 91 Mallodon dasystomum, 142 spinibarbe, 142 Mammalian Fauna of Pennsylvania, 225-232 Mammals indigenous in Pennsylvania, 227 Mammals, Paleocene, A Collection of, from Bear Creek, Montana, By George Gaylord Simpson, 115 marginatus, Hemigrammus, 65 Nannostomus, 56 mariae, Stenarchus, 71 marionae, Astyanax, 61 maripicru, Prochilodus, 54 Marlatt, Dr. C. L., 6 marmoratus, Ageneiosus, 74 Marten, 230 Martinov, Dr. A. B., of Leningrad, 9 maxillaris, Hasemania, 64 mayoloi, Hemiancistrus, 84 meeki, Roeboides, 70 Megalamphodus megalopterus, 59 micropterus, 59 Megalonema platycephalum, 76 xanthum, 76 megalops, Pimelodella, 77 megalopterus, Megalamphodus, 59 megalostictus, Phenacogaster, 67 megalostomus, Hysteronotus, 68 Megathymus albocincta, 159 yuccse, 160 melampodus, Apogonichthys, 91 melandetus, Odontostilbe, 59 melanocheir, Gephyrocharax, 68 Stellifer, 92 melanogenys, Glandulocauda, 68 melanopleura, Glandulocauda, 68 melanopleurus, Hyphessobrycon, 65 melanotus, Aphyocharax, 58 melanura, Hasemania, 64 melanzonus, Acanthophacelus, 86 Creagrutus, 63 Index 2G7 melas, Ancistrus, 83 Brachyglanis, 75 Melete ilaire, 198 Melitaea harrisi, Two new subspecies of, with remarks upon related forms, By A. Avinoff, 161 Melitaea arachne, 156 gilensis, 156 gunderiae, ab. nov., 156 harrisi liggetti, 161 hofmanni, 156 minuta, 156 Mellon, Hon. A. W., loi Mellon, R. B., gift of collection of carvings in wood, 207 Meniscoessus, sp. indet., 113 Mesonychidae, 116, 121 metae, Astyanax, 61 Curimatus, 54 Pimelodella, 77 Metynnis guaporensis, 69 roosevelti, 69 micans, Dineutus, 134 Microbrycon minutus, 68 microdon, Cheirodon, 58 Hemidoras, 74 Loricaria, 84 Oligobrycon, 59 microendocarpica, Celtis, 135 Microgenys minutus, 66 Microglanis poecilus, 76 microlepis, Astyanax, 61 micropceus, Hemidoras, 74 microps, Imparfinis, 76 Rhamdia, 78 micropterus, Megalamphodus, 59 Microschemobrycon guaporensis, 59 microstictus, Phenacogaster, 67 minimus, Hyphessobrycon, 65 Nannostomus, 56 Mink, 230 minor, Hyphessobrycon, 65 minuta, Melitaea, 156 minutus, Archicheir, 55 Hemicetopsis, 82 Microbrycon, 68 minutus, Microgenys, 66 mirabile, Planetotherium, 115, 116 mirini, Imparfinis, 76 “Miss Kochi” Japanese doll, received, 151 mississippiensis, Celtis, 136 Mistruzzi, A, 151 miyakamii, Caranx, 90 modestus, Pseudaspius, 72 Moenkhausia browni, 66 lepidura, 66 minutus, 66 profunda, 66 shideleri, 66 mokasen, Agkistrodon, 178 Mole, Hairy-tailed, 230 Mole-shrew, 231 Monomitopus kumae, 98 montana, Rhamdella, 78 morawhannae, Curimatus, 54 moreirai, Rhamdiopsis, 78 morii, Sarcocheilichthys, 73 Morley, Dr. Sylvanus G., 104 Moroco yamamotis, 72 Mouse, Canadian Deer, 230 Meadow Jumping Mouse, 230 Red-backed, 230 mucronatus, Astyanax, 61 Muellerried, Dr. Federico K. G., 209 Mugil anpinensis, 89 multifragum, Psittacotherium, 12 1 multisetosus, Gyretes, 130 Murres, Eggs destroyed by gulls, 2 Mussolini, Benito, 151 Mustela allegheniensis, 230 americana americana, 230 cicognanii, 230 vison, 230 mutator, Astyanax, 61 Myctophum hollandi, 85 Mylosoma ocellatum, 69 Myoglanis potaroensis, 76 myrina, Brenthis, 35 Nabidse, Notes on Some South Ameri- can, with Descriptions of New Species, 241-248. 268 Index Nabis capsiformis, 246 roripes, 246 seticrus, sp. nov., 247 sordidus, 246 spinicrus, 247 Nannacara bimaculata, 96 Nannorhamdia nemacheir, 77 Nannostomus marginatus, 56 minimus, 56 simplex, 56 Nansenia ardesiaca, 53 nantoensis, Liobagrus, 75 Napaeozapus insignis insignis, 227, 230 nasus, Cetopsorhamdia, 75 nasutus, Acestrorhynchus, 70 National Railways of Mexico, 208 navajovius, Dissacus, 116, 121, 122 nebraskensis, Brenthis, 36 Needham, Prof. James G., 6 “Negley’s Hill,” Germantown, Pa., 102 nemacheir, Nannorhamdia, 77 Neoheterandria elegans, 87 Neosorex albibarbis, 227, 230 Neotoma pennsylvanica, 230 Netting, M. Graham, 9; A New Toad of the genus Eupemphix, 167- 168, PI. VII; The Occurrence of Lizards in Pennsylvania, 169- 174; The Poisonous Snakes of Pennsylvania and the Treat- ment of Snake-bites, 176-184, Pis. VIII and IX; The Systematic Status and Breeding Habits of Eupemphix Trinitatis, 249-254 Netuma osakae, 73 New Species and Varieties of North American Butterflies, By W. J. Holland, 155 nigrescens, Pseudancistrus, 85 nigridens, Carpolestes, 116 nigrocoerulea, Argynnis, 27 nigroventralis, Gambusia, 87 nitidulus, Gyretes, 132 nitocris, Argynnis, 16, 27 Noel, Capt. John B., 104 nokomis, Argynnis, 16, 26 Norval, James, visits Pittsburgh, 4 Notes on some American Butterflies, mainly relating to their Classifi- cation and Nomenclature, By W. J. Holland, 185 Notes upon some North American Spe- cies and Varieties of the Genus Brenthis, By W. J. Holland, 35 Notes upon some Gyrinidae in the Car- negie Museum with Descriptions of New Species, By Dr. Georg Ochs, 123 notomelas, Cheirodon, 58 Pimelodella, 77 notospilus, Hemidoras, 74 novae, Bryconamericus, 63 nycteis, Phyciodes, 164 Nycticeius humeralis, 231 Nyctitheriidae, 115 Oberthiir, Charles, 18 occidentalis, Celtis, 136 ocellatum, Mylosoma, 69 ocellatus, Poecilobrycon, 57 Ochmacanthus flabelliferus, 79 Ochoterena, Dr. I., 208, 210 Ochs, Dr. Georg, Notes on Some Gyrinidae in the Carnegie Mu- seum, with Descriptions of New Species, 123-134 Odontostilbe hastatus, 59 melandetus, 59 Oficina Federal para Defensa Agricola, Mexico, 209 Oligobrycon microstomus, 59 Onchocercosis, due to transmission of germ by Simulium (Dipteron), 209 Oncorhynchus adonis, 52 ishikawae, 52 kawamurae, 52 rhodurus, 53 operculatum, Scleronema, 81 Ophichthus evermanni, 53 Opossum, 231 Index 269 orbiculatus, Astronotus, 95 Orectogyrus conjungens, 134 demeryi var. intermedius, 134 grandis, 133 patromimus, 133 orientalis, Dasyscopelus, 85 ornatum gephyrum, Cichlasoma, 95 ortholepis, Bryconamericus, 63 orthus, Hemigrammus, 65 Orthomegas cinnamomeus, 145 Ortmann, Dr. Arnold E., Library pur- chased for Museum by H. Du- Puy, 3 ortmanni, Pimelodus, 78 Heterogramma, 96 osakae, Netuma, 73 Osborn, Prof. Herbert, 7 oshimai, Caranx, 90 othonops, Hemicetopsis, 82 Otter, 230 owstoni, Sebastodes, 93 Oxyclaenidae, 116 Pachynomus Klug, 241 paegnius, Solenostomus, 88 Pagasa bimaculata, sp. nov., 244 luteiceps, 243 similis, 245 Paleocene Mammals from Bear Creek, Montana, A Collection of, By George Gaylord Simpson, 115 pales, Brenthis, 44 pallida, Celtis, 136 Pamphila californica, 157 ruricola, 157 vestris, 157 Pantolestidae, 115 paolence, Pygidium, 80 Papilio ajax, 193 daunus, 191 devilliersi, 191 glaucus, 193 ponceana, 191 xuthus, 193 papilliferus, Spintherobolus, 59 paraguayensis, Aphyccharax, 58 paraguayensis, Bleptonema, 58 parahybse, Cheirodon, 58 paranahybae, Astyanax, 61 Parapelecus eigenmanni, 72 Parascalops breweri, 230 Parastremma sadina, 67 pardopsis, Brenthis, 43 Parecbasis cyclolepis, 59 Park, William G., 212 parnaguae, Hemiodus, 55 Parnassius golovinus, 155 Parodon bifasciatus, 55 Parrott, Prof. P. J., 6 Parsons, William, original member of Franklin’s Junto Club, 5 parva, Liza, 89 parvellus, Hyphessobrycon, 65 Parventiev, Dr. 1. A., of Moscow, 9 parvus, Glossogobius, 97 patiae, Curimatus, 54 pascalus, Entonanthias, 92 patromimus, Orectogyrus, 133 Pax, Dr. Ferdinand, 141 Peart, Mrs. Mary, 16, 19, 20 pediculatus, Pseudancistrus, 85 Pediomyinae, 107, no Pediomys elegans, no pellucidum, Characidium, 56 Pennsylvania Railroad, 208 Pennsylvania Rubber Company, 212 Pentacodon inversus, 115 Peromyscus canadensis, 230 persius, Thanaos, 156 peruanus, Pneumatophorus, 89 pescadorensis, Liza, 89 Peterson, O. A., 9 petersoni, Euangelistes, 107 phalacra, Brachyglanis, 75 Phalloptychus eigenmanni, 87 Phallotorynus fasciolatus, 87 Phenacogaster beni, 67 franciscoensis, 67 megalostictus, 67 microstictus, 67 Phenagoniates wilsoni, 59 Phillips, Prof. E. F., 6 Index 270 Phoxiscus kikuchii, 72 phoxocephalum, Characidium, 56 Phyciodes hanhami, 163 nycteis, 164 Physiculus grinnelli, 88 Piabina analis, 67 Pimelodella avanhandavae, 77 boliviana, 77 griffini, 77 hasemani, 77 itapicuruensis, 77 laticeps australis, 77 macturkii, 77 megalops, 77 metae, 77 notomelas, 77 serrata, 78 Pimelodus heteropleurus, 78 ortmanni, 78 pinnatus, Deuterodon, 64 piperata, Tympanopleura, 75 Pipistrellus subflavus, 231 Plagiomenidae, 115, 116 Planetotherium mirabile, 115, 116 platycephalum, Megalonema, 76 Platysilurus barbatus, 78 Plecostomus derbyi, 84 hemiurus, 85 Plesiadapidae, 115, 119 Pleurogrammus azonus, 93 plexippus, Danais, 202 plicatus, Anostomus, 57 Pneumatophorus peruanus, 89 Poanes hobomok, 159 poecilioides, Hyphessobrycon, 66 Poecilocharax bovallii, 57 Poecilobrycon auratus, 56 erythrurus, 56 harrisoni, 56 ocellatus, 57 poecilus, Microglanis, 76 Poisonous Snakes of Pennsylvania and the Treatment of Snake-bites. By M. Graham Netting, 175-184 Pis. VIII-IX. polaris, Brenthis, 49 ponceanus, Papilio, 191 Pontius snyderi, 73 Porcupine, 230 Porotergus gimbeli, 70 gymnotus, 71 potaroensis, .^Equidens, 94 Astyanax, 61 Deutorodon, 64 Myoglanis, 76 praenuntius, Dissacus, 122 Prentice, Sidney, 152 Primates, 115, 119 Pristella aubynei, 67 Pristiurus sauteri, 51 Probolodus heterostomus, 59 Prochilodus maripicru, 54 Procyon lotor, 232 productus, Dineutus, 126 profunda, Moenkhausia, 66 prodps parahybae, Pygidium, 80 Protentomodon ursirivalis, 115 proteus, Hyphessobrycon, 66 Protorma recurvatum, 143 protractila, Bivibranchia, 54 Psalidon gymnodontus, 67 Pseudancistrus carnegiei, 85 nigriscens, 85 pediculatus, 85 pseudarctos, Thryptacodon, 116 pseudaspius atrilatus, 72 bergi, 72 modestus, 72 Pseudobagrus adiposalis, 75 taiwanensis, 75 Pseudocorynopoma heterandria, 68 Pseudoperilampus hondae, 73 Pseudopimelodus albomarginatus, 78 villosus, 78 Pseudotolithus brunneolus, 92 Psittacotherium, 116, 12 1 Psittacotherium multifragum, 121 Psychichthys eidolon, 51 Pterobrycon landoni, 68 pteroides, Characidium, 56 Ptilodontidae, 112 Puff Adder, 175 Index 271 pustulosus, Eupemphix, i68 Pygidium alternatum, 79 banneaui, 79 bogotense, 79 caliense, 80 chapmani, 80 conradi, 80 davisi, 80 dorsostriatum, 80 gracilior, 80 guianensis, 80 hasemani, 80 iheringi, 80 latistriatum, 80 paolence, 80 probps parahybae, 80 reinhardti, 80 santse-ritae, 80 septentrionale, 81 stellatum, 81 straminium, 81 triguttatum, 81 vermiculatum, 81 zonatLim, 81 Pygocentrus bilieneatus, 69 quadrizonatus, Thalassophryne, 98 Rabbit, Lowland Cotton-tail, 231 Snow-shoe, 230 Raccoon, 232 radcliffei, Spectrunculus, 98 Rafinesque’s Deer-mouse, 231 Railways, Louisville and Nashville, 208 National of Mexico, 208 Pennsylvania, 208 Pittsburgh and Lake Erie, 212 Southern Pacific, 208 Texas-Mexican, 208 Raja hollandi, 51 Rambousek, Dr. E. R., of Prague, 105 rastrosus, Caranx, 90 Rattus alexandrinus, 227 recurvatum, Protorma, 143 Regnier, Dr. Robert, and Madame, of Rouen, Erance, 9 reinhardti, Pygidium, 80 Reis, Jacob, collections made by, 206 reticulata, Celtis, 136 reticulatus, Hyphessobrycon, 66 retropinnis, Leporinodus, 57 Rhamdia branneri, 78 branneri voulezi, 78 microps, 78 Rhamdiopsis moreirai, 78 rhamni, Gonepteryx, 201 Rhinogobius formosanus, 97 taiwanus, 97 Rhinosardinia serrata, 52 Rhodeus chosenicus, 73 rhodurus, Oncorhynchus, 53 ribeirae, Astyanax, 61 ribeiroi, Glanidium, 73 Richards, Mr. O. W., of London, 9 richardsoni, L^lua, 91 Riley, Capt. N. D., of British Museum, 9 Rimsky- Korsakov, Prof., of Leningrad, 9 ritense, Heterogramma, 96 Rivulus breviceps, 86 compressus, 86 frenatus, 86 holmiae, 86 lanceolatus, 86 magdalenae, 86 stagnatus, 86 waimacui, 86 rodwayi, Hemigrammus, 65 Roeboides hildebrandi, 70 magdalenae, 70 meeki, 70 thurni, 70 Roepke, Prof. W., Netherlands, 9 roosevelti, Metynnis, 69 rosaceus, Hyphessobrycon, 66 rosae, Chasmocranus, 76 Rosen, Baron von, of Munich, 9 ruberrimus, Astyanax, 62 rufescens, Argynnis, 27 rupununi, Charax, 70 ruricola, Pamphila, 157 272 Index ruthveni, Eupemphix, 167 Saalas, Dr. U., and Madame, of Finland, 9 sadina, Parastremma, 67 sagamiensis, Diaphus, 85 Salazar-Salinas, Dr., Head of Geo- logical Survey of Mexico, 209 Salvelinus imbrius, 53 timagamiensis, 53 Sanborn, Elwin R., 176 sanguinea, Vandellia, 81 santse-ritae, Pygidium, 81 santaremensis, Crenicichla, 95 Sarcocheilichthys morii, 73 sarmenti, Squaliolus, 51 sasakii, Liopempheris, 92 satsumae, Zalescopus, 98 sauteri, Pristiurus, 51 Scaphestlies tamusuiensis, 73 Sceloporus undulatus, 170 Scepterias fragilis, 91 Schaefer, Frederick, gift by, 207 Schizodontopsis laticeps, 57 “Scholastic, The,” Exposition under auspices of, 207 Sciaena iharae, 92 sciistius, Xyrichthys, 96 Sciurus carolinensis, 231 hudsonicus, 230 leucotis carolinensis, 230 Scleronema operculatum, 81 Scolopsis eriomma, 92 Scomberoides formosanus, 90 scopiferus, Bryconamericus, 63 guaytarae, Bryconamericus, 63 Sebastodes clavilatus, 93 deani, 93 emphaeus, 93 ijimae, 93 owstoni, 93 selene, Brenthis, 40, 41 Semple, John B., i ; Finances Expedition to Hudson Bay, 206 septentrionale, Pygidium, 81 Serrasalmo hollandi, 69 Serrasalmo, humeralis gracilior, 69 serrata, Pimelodella, 78 Rhinosardinia, 52 sexlineatus, Cnemidophorus, 170, 172 sexualis, Gyretes, 128 Shaw, David, 212 shideleri, Moenkhausia, 66 Shrew, Marsh, 230 Mole, 231 Smoky, 230 sialis, Amia, 91 Sicydium hildebrandi, 97 siebenthalae, Brycon, 60 Siegfriedt, Dr. J. C. F., 115 siegfriedti, Leptacodon (Leipsanolestes) , 115, 118 Silvestri, Prof. Filippo, 7 simoni, Crenicichla, 95 simplex, Nannostomus, 56 Simpson, George Gaylord, Some Cre- taceous Mammals from the Lance Formation, 107-113; A Collection of Paleocene Mam- mals from Bear Creek, Montana, 115-122 Simuliurn (Dipteron) cause of On- chocercosis, 209 Siphostoma eigenmanni, 88 Sistrurus catenatus catenatus, 178 Skinner, Dr. Henry, 7, 18, 22-25 Skwarra, Miss Elizabeth, of Berlin, 9 Snow-shoe Rabbit, 230 snyderi, Pontius, 73 Taeniodes, 97 Soleonasus finis, 88 Solenostomus paegnius, 88 Sorex fumeus, 230 soricoides, Labidolemur, 119 Southern Pacific Railway, 208 Spectrunculus radcliffei, 98 specularis, Orectogyrus, 134 Sphagebranchus conklini, 53 Spheroides asterias, 99 spinibarbe, Mallodon, 142 Spinibarbus hollandi, 73 Spintherobolus brcccae, 59 Index 273 Spintherobolus, papilliferus, 59 Spirinchus verecundus, 53 Spoelberch, Vicomte Guillaume de, 4 Spreading Viper, 175 Squaliolus sarmenti, 51 Squirrel, Northern Gray, 230 Northern Pine, 230 Southern Gray, 231 stagnatus, Rivulus, 86 stellatum, Pygidium, 81 stellatus, Bodianus, 91 stellifer melanocheir, 92 Stellistius katsukii, 93 Stellwaag, Dr. F., of Neustadt, Ger- many, 9 Stenarchus hasemani, 71 leptorhynchus, 71 mariae, 71 stenodon, Cheirodon, 58 stentor, Eupemphix, 168 Stethaprion crenatus, 68 Stevardia aliata, 68 Stewart, Mrs. John A., 102 stewarti, Heptapterus, 76 Loricaria, 84 stictus, Hyphessobrycon, 66 Stolephorus branchiomelas, 52 guianensis, 52 straminium, Pygidium, 81 Straus, Mrs. Oscar S., 103, 205 Streams, pollution of, 229 Streda, Rev. Dr. R., of Budapest, 9 Stylinodontidae, 116, 12 1 submarginatus, Loricaria, 84 Sutton, George Miksch, 152, 206 suturalis, Gyretes, 129 suwae, Gnathopogon, 72 Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi, 231 Synchiropus ijimae, 98 tabira, Acheilognathus, 71 taeniatum pertense, Heterogramma, 96 Taeniodes snyderi, 97 Taeniodonta, 116, 121 taiwanensis, Pseudobagrus, 75 taiwanus, Rhinogobius, 97 Talbot, Mr. G., of the Hill Museum Witley, Surrey, England, 9, 105 Tams, Mr. W. H. T., of British Mu- seum, 105 tamusuiensis, Scaphesthes, 73 tanakae, Lycodes, 98 Zestichthys, 98 tarpon, Genycharax, 64 Tarsiidae, 116 taurocephalus, Hyphessobrycon, 66 tegatus, Vesicatrus, 67 Tellez, Senor Manuel C., Mexican Ambassador, 207 temmincki, Alectis, 90 Tenagogonus opacus, 235 terrae-novae, Brenthis, 36 Testimonial to Dr. Holland on his Eightieth Birthday, By A. Avinoff, II Texas-Mexican Railway Co., 208 Thalassophryne qiiadrizonatus, 98 Thanaos avinoffi, 156 persius, 157 Thompson, Mrs. William R., 21 1 Thomsen, Dr. M., of Copenhagen, 9 Thoracocharax brevis, 69 magdalenae, 69 Thryptacodon pseiidarctos, 116 thiirni, Roeboides, 70 Thysanichthys evides, 93 tibialis, Enhydrus, 124 timagamiensis, Salveliniis, 53 timbore, Leporellus, 57 Toad, A New, of the Genus Eupemphix, By M. Graham Netting, 167 Todd, W. E. Clyde, i, 206 toddi, Brenthis, 45 tolimae, Bryconamericus, 63 tollandensis, Brenthis, 37 Tolmachoff, Dr. I. P., 9 Tomeurus gracilis, 87 tosae, Zalescopus, 98 Trachycorystes fisheri, 74 Trachynotus jordani, 91 Treatments for Snake-bites, 183 triclaris, Brenthis, 37 274 Index Tridentiger kuroiwse, 97 trifasciatum, Cyclopium, 82 maciliense, Hetercgramma, 96 triguttatum, Pygidium, 81 trin'itatis, Eupemphix, 168 tsuchigae, Gnathopogon, 72 tuberculatus, Jalyssus, 144 tumacoensis, Umbrina, 92 tutuilae, Centropyge, 92 Tylobronchus maculosus, 55 Tympanopleura piperata, 75 Ulua richardsoni, 91 umbriceps, Alepocephalus, 52 Umbrina tumacoensis, 92 undulatus, Sceloporus, 170 unifasciatum, Cyclopium, 82 ursirivalis, Protentomodon, 115 uruguayanae, Macropsobrycon, 59 ushiei, Dasyatis, 51 vanceae, Cyclopium, 82 Vandellia hasemani, 81 sanguinea, 81 Van Duzee, Dr. E. P., of San Fran- cisco, 105 Varying Hare, 230 Vayssiere. Dr. P.. of Paris, 9 verecundus, Spirinchus, 53 vermiculatum, Pygidium, 81 ventrale, Cyclopium, 83 Vesicatrus tegatus, 67 vestris, Pamphila, 157 villadolidi, Chromis, 94 villosus, Lithogenes, 84 Pseudopimelodus, 78 vintoni, Characidium, 56 virgata, Albula, 52 Vittorio Immanuele III, 151 waimacui, Rivulus, 86 wakiyae, Malakichthys, 91 Water-moccasin, 175 Weasel, 228 Bonaparte’s, 230 Wheeler Exploring Expedition, 17 Wiest, D., 15, 19 Willard Straight Hall, 6 Williams, R. C., Jr., 20 Williams, Samuel H., 9; A List of Pri- onid Beetles taken at Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with the Description of a New Species, 139-148, Pis. IV-V; Mammalian Fauna of Pennsyl- vania, 225-232 Wilmot, Mr. and Mrs. F. M., 9 wilsoni, Phenagoniates, 59 Winters, Daniel, Obituary of, 215 Wood, Rodney C., collections, 205 Woodland Jumping Mouse, 230 Woodwell, Johanna K., wife of J. D. Hailman, 217 Wright, W. G., 17 xanthum, Megalonema, 76 xenicus, Calymmichthys, 98 Xyliphius magdalense, 79 Xyrichthys sciistius, 96 yamamotis, Moroco, 72 Yellin, Samuel, antiquarian, 207 youngi, Brenthis, 44 yuccae. Megathymus, 159 Zaitzev, Prof. Dr., of Tiflis, Caucasus, 9 Zalescopus satsumee, 98 tosae, 98 zanectes, Calliurichthys, 97 Zapus hudsonius, 230 hudsonius americanus, 231 zebra, Characidium, 56 Zestichthys tanakae, 98 zonatum, Pygidium, 81 Zones, Canadian, 230 Carolinian, 230 Hudsonian, or Transition, 230 ■) c