oa : ; : S a exes a PaSe WN De y aT NE Seyi ry onan ee ply? ee ANNALS OF THE oe SeeneGie MUSEUM VoLumE I. 1QOI-—1902 Wj BROLEANBD Erb. oc.b:, LL.D., Ea:tor J. B. HATCHER, Pu.B., Associate Editor PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. tack OF CONTENTS Title-page and Table of Contents List of Plates ; List of illustrations in text . Corrigenda ; . : 5 : Editorials . 5 : I-7, 251-255, 343-346, I. The Crayfish of Aneeteny County, Pa. by E. B. Wil- liamson II. A Preliminary List of the aeenlar en Ai Aieeweae County, Pa. By John A. Shafer : III. Some New and Little Known Fossil Vertebrates. By J. B. Hatcher : ; Srey, IV. The Reptiles of Allegheny Cagney Pa. By D. A. At- kinson ; : : 2 a : V. Osteology of the Perodioned. By Dr. W. R. Shufeldt VI. On the Cranial Elements and the Deciduous and Perma- nent Dentitions of Titanotherium. By J. B. Hatcher. VII. Sabal Rigida : A New Species of Palm from the Laramie. By J. B. Hatcher : VIII. Supplement to Dr. John Hamilton's ine BE Re oleontera of Southwestern Pennsylvania. By Henry Klages . IX. Osteology of the Flamingoes. By Dr. R. W. Shufeldt X. Description of a New Species of Baéna (B. Hatcheri) from the Laramie Beds of Wyoming. By O. P. Hay XI. The Jurassic Dinosaur Deposits near Canyon City, Colo- rado. By J. B. Hatcher . XII. A Mounted Skeleton of Titanotherium Hepat Marsh, By J. B. Hateher : 3 : XIII. Structure of the Fore Limb and Wears id Brontosaurus. By J. B. Hatcher XIV. The Genera and Species of the Teachodenuae anche: sauride, Claosauridze) Marsh. By J. B. Hatcher XV. Some New Pennsylvanian Thorns. By W. W. Ashe XVI. Osteology of the Psittaci. By R. W. Shufeldt, M.D. in the Hartman Collection in the Carnegie Museum. By Herbert H. Smith ili vi-vii Vii 501-504 2 9 8-13 14-127 . 128-144 - 145-157 . 158-249 - 377-386 . 387-398 - 399-421 . An Annotated Catalogue of the Shells of the Genus Partula iV TABLE OF CONTENTS. ; PAGES. XVIII. Two New Species of Bahaman Lepidoptera. By W. J. Holland : : : : : ; : . 486-489 XIX. Elosaurus parvus: A New Genus and Species of the Sauropoda. By O. A. Peterson and C. W. Gilmore. 490-499 XX. The Boundary Controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia, 1748-1785. By Boyd Crumrine : - 505-524 XXI. Minute Book of the Virginia Court Held at Fort Dunmore (Pittsburg) for the District of West Augusta, 1775- 1776. Edited by Boyd Crumrine . : : . 525-569 Index . ; : : 3 ; ; : , . 570-586 XIV. > Ae XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. . Figs. 1 and . Figs. 1 and ’. Fig. 1. See explanation, p. 144. . Skeleton of an Ibis (/legadis falcinellus). See p. 249. . Left lateral view of the skull of the ‘‘ Wood Ibis”’ (Zantalus . Figs. 3 and 4. See explanation, p. 324. I. XIII. LIS Or (PRAT ES. See explanation, p. 144. See explanation, p. 144. . Figs. 1-8. See explanation, p. 144. 2 2 loculator). See p. 249. . Skull of Titanotherium. See explanation, p. 262. . Superior view of same skull. See explanation, p. 262. . Skeleton of a Flamingo (Phaenicopterus antiquorum). Seep. 323- . Right lateral view of the Skull of the Flamingo (P. ruber). See P- 323- e Figs. 5 and 6. See explanation, p. 324. Dorsal view of the pelvis of the American Flamingo (7. ruéer). See p. 324. Figs. 8-11. Seep. 324. Baéna hatcheri Hay. Femora of Titanotherium dispar Marsh. See p. 355. Oblique front view of mounted skeleton of 77/anotherium dispar Marsh. Seep. 355. Side view of skeleton of 7ztanotherium dispar Marsh. See p. 355. Fore arm and manus of Brontosaurus. See p. 376. Fore arm and manus of Brontosaurus. See p. 376. Figs. 1-3. See explanation, p. 421. Figs. 4-7. See explanation, p. 421. Fig. 8. See explanation, p. 421. Fig. 9. See explanation, p. 421. Limb of EVosaurus parvus. Map Showing French Occupation ot the Ohio Valley, facing p. 505. Map of the District of West Augusta and the Virginian Counties of Ohio, Yohogania, and Monongalia, facing p. 518. Outline Map Illustrating the Boundary Controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia, facing p. 524. LIST (OF FIGURES, IND tie Dermal impression from fore limb of C/laosaurus (Thespestus) an- nectens Marsh . : ; : : : 3 5 ay bexe) Ardea herodias. Superior aspect of skull, fandiile removed . « 164 Gt st Inferior view of the same : : F . 164 ma a Left lateral view of the skull . : ¢ ; ELOY, ee ot Superior view of mandible from same skull. -) 167. “ ee Posterior view of the skull * ' ; : ay 2 of as Hyoid arches, viewed from above . : 5 B/S) Fs.r a _ ae - ee . anee , a ANNALS OF THE Se NEGIE A VoU Se UM VOLUME I EDITORIAL. Tue publication of the observations and discoveries of those, who form the staff of a well-organized museum, has always been recognized as a proper function of such an institution. The body of scientific literature, which has emanated from the larger museums of Europe and America, is very considerable, and comprises some of the most im- portant and valuable contributions, which have been made to science. Though the Carnegie Museum is the youngest of the great museums of America, and may be said only quite recently to have embarked upon its career of usefulness, the labors of those connected with it have already resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of material, possessing great scientific interest and value. ‘The study of these col- lections is certain to throw much light upon many questions of pro- found interest. For the purpose of facilitating the diffusion of knowledge gained, often laboriously and at great expense, by those who are directly connected with the museum, as well as to forma medium for the publication of the results of the labors of others, who are associated with them, or are pursuing inquiries along the same, or kindred lines, the Trustees of the Institute have authorized the pub- lication of two series of papers, which will be designated respectively as ANNALS and Memoirs. The ANNALS will appear in octavo form, the Memoirs in quarto. ‘They will be published from time to time as material is provided, and when pages enough to form a volume have 1 aie 1 2 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. been printed, a title-page, table of contents, and index will be sup- plied, and a new volume of each series will then be begun. Under the regulations, which have been adopted, twenty-five separata of articles prepared by authors will be furnished them at the expense of the institution. Should more be desired by an author, he may obtain them by giving notice, upon the acceptance of his article, of the number which he desires. The cost of printing separata over and above the number of twenty-five will be borne by the author. The present issue of the ANNALS is the first which comes from the press. It appears with the dawn of a new century. It is the earnest hope of all concerned in this undertaking that the birth of this journal at this auspicious time may mark the beginning of a long and success- ful career, and that the dawn of the next century may find in the libraries of the world a long array of volumes, which, in the wealth of information which they contain, may justify the action of those who have sanctioned the beginning of this enterprise, and may prove to be a monument to the broad philanthropy and sagacity of the noble founder of the institution—ANDREW CARNEGIE. Museum NOTES. (When not signed the Editor is responsible for these notes. ) In the Accession List published in the Annual Report of the Museum for 1900, Mr. Thomas H. Hollis is credited with the gift to the Museum ofa ‘‘ hellbender,’’ taken in the Monongahela River. The list isin error, in that the word ‘‘alligator’’ should have been used, instead of the name employed. The fact is that Mr. Hollis captured a small specimen of A/igator mississippiensis in the Monongahela river at the foot of Twenty-first Street, South Side. How the animal came to be there is a mystery. It has been suggested that it was brought up from Louisiana in the bilge-water of a coal-barge, and was pumped out into the river. How it could have found its way into a coal-barge is a problem. Another explanation, which seems more plausible is, that the specimen had escaped from captivity, or had been thrown into the river by some one, who had grown tired of keeping it as an aquarium DCE. WHILE speaking of the singular capture above mentioned, the Editor is reminded that at very nearly the same spot in the river, a few years “DITORIAL. 3 ago, a couple of men, while fishing, found what they supposed to be a piece of fossil wood. ‘This they took to a beer saloon not far distant, and it was broken into pieces and distributed to different persons. One of the fragments found its way into the possession of the late Prof. B. C. Jillson, who at once recognized it as fossil ivory. He instituted an investigation and found out that the supposed piece of fossil wood was a portion of the tusk of a mastodon. Before it was broken up it measured about three feet in length. ‘This is the only record, itis believed, of the finding of the remains of this beast within the limits of the city of Pittsburgh. THE shooting by Dr. J. A. Doyle of an Otter (Zutra hudsonica La- cépede) in the Monongahela River, at Homestead, in March, 1899, was a rather remarkable occurrence. The animal has not been seen so near the city limits for many years. The specimen was secured for the Museum and has been finely prepared and mounted by Mr. F. S. Mebpsters -CAce. No: 895.) THE Prairie Horned Lark ( Ofocoris alpestris praticola Henshaw ) has been found nesting in Schenley Park for two summers past. This bird, with the opening of the country and the removal of the forests, has been gradually making its way eastward from the prairies of the Mississippi Valley. THE White Pelican ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin) is a rare bird in Pennsylvania. The late Mr. George B. Sennett is quoted in Warren’s birds of Pennsylvania as having seen a few of these birds near Erie about thirty years ago (1869). In 1874 one of a group of three or four of these birds was shot at Keating, Pa., on the Susque- hanna, and, at the time when the Birds of Pennsylvania was written, the specimen was in the possession of a gentleman residing at Renovo. On October 13, 1898, three of these birds appeared on Conneaut Lake. One was shot on the morning of that day by Mr. William Foust ; later in the day another was secured by Messrs. Douglas Stew- art and Arthur W. Bell. Mr. Stewart secured the specimen shot by Mr. Foust, and had both specimens mounted by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, and presented them to the Carnegie Museum, where they now are. 4 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. THE OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER (lVuttallornis borealts (Swainson) ) IN WARREN County, PENNSYLVANIA.—Definite records, supported by specimens, of this species in western Pennsylvania have hitherto been lacking, so that the present instance becomes of interest. Having learned from Mr. R. B. Simpson of Warren, that a bird, believed to be the Olive-sided Flycatcher, had been seen near that place, I made a special visit to the locality late in June, (1900), in search of it. The exact spot, where the birds were found, was a small grove of hem- lock and other trees along the Warren and Tidioute road, near the head of the west branch of Hickory Creek, and about four miles east of Cobham, Here a pair of the birds were discovered, their clear whistling note betraying their presence. ‘They perched moderately high, but were not shy. Both birds were brought down, but unfor- tunately were not found. Another pair were met with ina similar situation about one and one-half miles southeast of Thompson Station, and this time both were secured. From this evidence it would seem that the species is a summer visitant, not rare in this general region. W. E. CrypE Topp. ANOTHER LOCALITY FOR Pipestrellus subflavus obscurus Miller.—This bat, heretofore known only by specimens from the type locality, Lake George, New York, proves to be the common form at Beaver, Penn- sylvania, several examples having been secured by the writer during the summers of 1899 and 1go00, and having been compared with the type in the Biological Survey collection. In this connection it is in- teresting to note that a number of specimens procured from a cave at Hillside, Westmoreland County, Pa., in February, 1900, are true P?. SUOTLAVUS. ry ~ TW subflavus W. E. CLypE Topp. THROUGH the great kindness of Mr. Andrew Carnegie the Museum has received a series of replicas of some of the ancient carvings in stone, which are preserved in the Mexican National Museum in the city of Mexico. ‘The reproductions were made by Sefior Velasco, and are like those which are found in the American Museum of Natural History in Central Park, New York, which were made by Sefior Velasco for that institution at the command of the Duc de Loubat. Unfor- tunately, the present limited space available for purposes of exhibition will prevent the setting up in its entirety of this notable addition to EDITORIAL. 5 the archzeological collection. Many of the objects will have to re- main encased in the boxes, in which they came, until the additions to the building g, which are contemplated, are completed. THE acquisition by the Museum of the collection of Coleoptera belonging to Mr. Henry Ulke, of Washington, D. C., is noticed by Mr. L. O. Howard, the Entomologist of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, in an article which appeared in the columns of Science for December the 14th, in which the learned writer pays a just and kind tribute to the distinguished gentleman whose industry brought together the collection. It is very gratifying to the authorities of the Museum to find Dr. Howard, at the conclusion of his article, making the statement that the entomological collections in the Carnegie Museum, enriched by this recent addition, form now one of the four greatest collections in the United States. ‘‘ The other three great col- lections,’’ we quote Dr. Howard, ‘‘ are to be found at the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, at Cambridge, Mass. ; the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia, Pa. ; andthe U.S. National Museum, Wash- ington, D. C.’’ It is always pleasant to be recognized as keeping good company. THE Pittsburgh Branch of the Egypt Exploration Fund, which has been in existence for only two years, has not labored in vain. In the year 1899 and in the year 1900 the Carnegie Museum has received important contributions of excellent material, unearthed by the an- tiquarians employed by the trustees of the fund. The collection, which has just come to hand, is from Abydos, where the tombs of the kings of the First Dynasty have been discovered and opened up. ‘This collection will shortly be placed upon exhibition, and the kind friends who have contributed generously to the support of the fund will be pleased to know that what their generosity has secured for the local collection is available for examination and study. THE paleontological expedition to the fossil-fields of Wyoming and Nebraska, which went out from the Museum in the early spring of the year 1900, has been eminently successful. An account of the work of the expedition was published by Professor Hatcher, the palzontolo- 6 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. gist in charge, in the columns of Sczezce, New Series, Vol. XII, page 719. The work of excavation, begun at Camp Carnegie on Sheep creek, Albany county, Wyoming, by Dr. J. L. Wortman in the sum- mer of 1899, was continued under the efficient direction of Mr. O. A. Peterson. ‘The work yielded most satisfactory results. Additional portions of the skeleton of the great Diplodocus found in 1899 were recovered. A second specimen, apparently belonging to the same genus and species, was found in close proximity to the specimen dis- covered by Dr. Wortman and his party. ‘The greater portion of this skeleton was recovered. Specimens representing six different individ- uals of Brontosaurus were unearthed not far away, and other important remains of Jurassic dinosaurs were recovered. ‘The bones when packed made a carload, and were brought to the Museum in Novem- ber, and have been deposited in the palzontological laboratory. Professor Hatcher, assisted by Mr. W. H. Utterback, devoted some time to a re-exploration of the Laramie beds in Converse County, Wyoming. It was here, a number of years ago, that Professor Hatcher discovered much of the most important material acquired by the late Professor Marsh, and belonging either to his collection, now at Yale University, or preserved in the U. S. National Museum at Washing- ton, as part of the collections turned over to that institution by the U. S. Geological Survey. Professor Hatcher was not successful in re- covering a complete skeleton of Triceratops, as he had hoped to be able to do, but nevertheless gathered together a great deal of impor- tant material representing the mammalian and ichthyic fauna of the Laramie deposits. One of the most interesting discoveries was that of a specimen showing the nature of the dermal covering of C/laosaurus Marsh, an account and figure of which appear in this number of the ANNALS. Professor Hatcher subsequently removed from the location which he had chosen in Converse County to Sioux County, Nebraska, where in the White River beds he made fine collections, in reference to some portions of which the present number of the ANNALS con- tains an account from his pen. ‘The expedition, viewing the results in their entirety, appears to have been very important, and has added a great deal of material to the collections of the Museum, which, when it shall have been mounted and prepared for exhibition, will not only serve to interest and attract the general public, but will mate- rially add to our knowledge of the life of the past. Mr. W. H. Utter- back, one of Professor Hatcher’s assistants, remained in the West, and EDITORIAL. 7 is now engaged near Cafion City, Colorado, in re-opening the famous quarry on the property of Mr. M. P. Felch, which yielded to Pro- fessor Marsh in former years most of the skulls of dinosaurs which he obtained. At the time when Professor Marsh abandoned this quarry, because the work of stripping had become heavy, and _ his funds avail- able for this use had run low, the stratum in which the bones occurred appeared to be as rich in fossils as when first opened. It is believed that by uncovering this vein of ossiferous rock, the Carnegie Museum will be able for a comparatively small sum to get a considerable amount of important material, which is needed for the reconstruction of the skeletons of these extinct monsters of the past. Mr. Utterback has been at work for about two months, and reports that he is making rapid progress. Ina short time the fossil-bearing vein will be uncov- ered again. I. THE CRAYFISH OF ALLEGHENY COUNDY, PA: By E. B. WILLIAMSON. With teachers and instructors the crayfish is a favorite type, both for dissection and for illustration, and yet but little attention is given to these interesting crustaceans from a systematic standpoint. Even among those who should be better informed the impression prevails that there is but one species in this country, or at least in the eastern United States, and that this single species belongs to the genus Aséa- cus. As amatter of fact all the crayfishes in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, in the area drained by rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, Hudson’s Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Island of Cuba, belong to the genus Caméarius.' One species of this genus is found in the Yellowstone River. Otherwise all the species west of the Rockies to the Pacific coast belong to the genus Asfacus. Huxley, in his paper ‘‘ On the Classification and the Distribution of the Crayfishes,’’ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, pp. 752-788, has divided crayfishes into two groups, to which Faxon ? has given the rank of subfamilies. These subfamilies are the Potamo- dine, the crayfishes of the northern hemisphere, and the Parastacine, the crayfishes of the southern hemisphere. The crayfishes of the northern hemisphere are naturally divided into two genera, Astacus and Caméarus. ‘The distribution of these genera is very interesting. As stated above, in North America Caméarvus occurs east of the Rocky Mountains and Astacus west. In Eastern Asia and Japan the cray- fishes belong to the genus Caméarus, while in Europe and Western Asia they belong to the genus Astacus. That is, if one should move round the world on parallel 50 degrees north, for example, and should start in Eastern N. A. and then travel westward, he would successively encounter Caméarus, Astacus, Cambarus, and Astacus. This curious distribution has been explained by supposing that in the ocean, which lay to the north of both continents in past geological ages, both forms had appeared, though not as well separated as at present. When the 1 Faxon, A Revision of the Astacidee. See also Hagen, Monograph of the North American Astacide. WILLIAMSON: CRAYFISH OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 4) great changes took place that drove the life from these seas southward, both forms were widely distributed over the two continents. ‘Then those climatic or other conditions, which have made possible the preservation of so many allied faunal and floral forms in Eastern North America and Eastern Asia, operated for the development of those characters which are found in the genus Caméarvus, and the suppression of the characters of the genus Asfacus in these widely separated regions. At the present time Dr, Faxon recognizes about 68 species of Cambarus in North America, besides a large number of named sub- species and varieties. The number of species of the genus As¢acus in Western North America is very much smaller. Up to the present time five species of Camdbarus have been recorded from Pennsylvania. They are as follows: I. C. dartonit (Fabricius). Il. C. dogenes Ginakd. slide (GC: ayzs (Say): |TV. C. ebscurus Hagen. V. C. rusticus Girard. ‘The following species are represented in the Car- negie Museum by specimens collected in Allegheny County during the past several years: C. dartoni (Fabricius) ; C. dart. nit, var. robustus Hagen ; C. dogenes Girard ; C. dubius Faxon; C. propinguus Girard and C. rusticus Girard. C. bartonit, var. robustus, C. propinguus, and C. dubius have not hitherto been recorded from the State. In addi- tion to the above 5 species and one variety, another species, C. w7rz/es Hagen, is represented in the collection of the Museum. ‘These speci- mens were collected from a lake in Ontario, Canada, by Mr. Geo. H. Clapp. In descriptions of crayfish little attention has ever been given to their colors. In the first place there is generally little difference be- tween species in this respect, and in the second place all specimens sooner or later fade, assuming a uniform yellowish or reddish tint.’ 1 The student will find the following works most valuable in his studies of Amer- ican crayfishes. They contain descriptions of all recognized species : I. Monograph of the North American Astacide, by Dr. H. A. Hagen, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 1870. II. A Revision of the Astacide, Walter Faxon, Part I. The Genera Cambarus and Astacus, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 1885. ILI. Notes on North American Crayfishes, Family Astacidee, by the same author. U.S. National Museum, Vol. XII, pp. 619-634, 1890. IV. Observations on the Astacidze in the U. S. National Museum, and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions of New Species, by the same author. U.S. National Museum, Vol. XX, pp. 643-694, 1898. V. The Craw fishes of the State of Indiana, by W. P. Hay. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Twentieth Annual Report, W. S. Blatchley, 1895. 10 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The following key, taken, with a few changes, from works by Hagen, Faxon, and Hay, will aid in identifying Allegheny county specimens. I. Third segment of only the third pair of legs of the male hooked. 1. First pair of abdominal appendages of male ending in two thick recurved teeth ; rostrum in both sexes without lateral teeth. a, Areola wide, form depressed ; brook species. (1) Rostrum wide, sides subparallel. C. bartonit. (2) Rostrum narrower, sides tapering to the apex, C. bartonti, var. robustus. é. Areola narrow or obliterated ; form compressed ; burrowing species. (1) Areola obliterated, color in life olive, greenish, or yellowish. C. diogenes. (2) Areola narrow, color in life blue, or showing traces of blue. C. dubtius. Il. First pair of abdominal appendages of male ending in two elongated, nearly straight, acute tips; rostrum in both sexes with lateral teeth. a. Sides of rostrum straight ; abdominal appendages shorter. C. propinguus. d. Sides of rostrum concave, abdominal appendages longer, more tapering. C. rusticus, The technical terms employed in this key may be briefly defined. For further details the student should consult any of the larger works on invertebrate anatomy. Crayfish are decapod (ten-footed) crusta- ceans. ‘The first three pairs of legs are armed with pincers, which are most strongly developed on the first pair of legs, where they are known as chele. In all species the males may have the third segments of one or two pairs of legs hooked, that is armed with a prominent tubercle. The abdominal appendages correspond in position to the legs, and are attached, one pair to each segment, to the abdomen. In the males the first two pairs of these are modified, and the fs¢ parr are turned forward and pressed closely between the bases of the legs. Their various modifications offer the most valuable of all specific characters. The head and thorax are united to form the cephalothorax. This is covered by a firm chitinous shield, the carapace. The carapace is prolonged in front between the eyes to form the rostrum. The apex of the rostrum is more or less triangular in form, one angle of which forms the extreme apex of the rostrum. The other two angles may be rounded into the sides of the rostrum or they may be armed with spines, the /atera/l tecth. Near the middle of the carapace is a trans- verse groove, the cervical groove. Back of the cervical groove are two transverse grooves, and the space between them is the aveo/a. When WILLIAMSON: CRAYFISH OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 1] the two transverse grooves meet along the middle line the areola is obliterated or linear. 1. Cambarus barton (Fabricius). This species is found in springs and smaller brooks, and rarely in larger streams. It has been taken in every ravine in Schenley Park and in a number of creeks through- out the county. It is the most common species. Adult specimens are uniform olive-brown in color, varying considerably as to shade. Younger individuals are paler and have the abdomen regularly mottled with brown. 2. Cambarus bartonit, var. robustus Hagen. A few specimens of this variety have been taken from Squaw Run, which empties into the Allegheny River about a mile and a half above Aspinwall. Observa- tions indicate that this variety occurs in streams in which both dar- fonti and propinguus occur, the variety living in that part of the stream where the two species are found. A collector starting at the head- waters of Squaw Run would find éarfonz; following the stream he would soon notice vobustus among his captures ; then an occasional propinguus, till finally darvtonzz would become rare and disappear, then robustus would disappear, and near the mouth of the creek he would find only the species propinguus. If the collector chose to follow on down the Allegheny River he would still notice only propinguus. After reaching the Ohio, a few specimens from the ripples about Neville Island wouid show him that-he had found another species, rusticus. 3. Cambarus diogenes Girard. ‘This species has been positively re- corded from only one locality in the county, Fern Hollow, Pitts- burgh. Two small specimens, probably this species, were taken from burrows near Silver Lake, Pittsburgh. ‘This is the commonest and best known of the burrowing crayfishes. In life its color is olive, yel- lowish, or greenish, and occasionally with the sides of the carapace reddish. 4. Cambarus dubius Faxon. Specimens of this species collected in Allegheny County have been sent to Dr. Walter Faxon for identifica- tion. He considers them a local variety of this species, the Allegheny County specimens having the rostrum much narrower than the types. It has been taken in Schenley Park, in Fern Hollow, and from a spring in Moon Township. Like dogenes this is a burrowing species. In Fern Hollow during the autumn of 1898 the burrows were very numer- ous. The chimneys about the opening of the burrows are on an aver- 12 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. age constructed much more neatly by dogenes than by dudbzus. The habits of the former species have been carefully described by a num- ber of observers. The burrows of d@zdzus are generally more intricate than those of dogenes. In both species the burrows occupied by smaller individuals are usually a simple tunnel ending ina small pocket which is placed at such a depth that it is filled with water. On Sep- tember 24, 1898, one burrow at Fern Hollow, typical of those in- habited by large individuals of d@érus, contained an adult female and 47 young. ‘The chimney was about three inches high, broad and flattened and not composed of compact pellets as is usually the case with dogenes, and was closed at the top. The burrow was circular and about one and one-half inches in diameter with the sides smooth. It ran, ina slightly oblique direction, with two or three turns, to a depth of about fourteen inches where it ended in a pocket, half filled with water which contained the mother and young. The capacity of this pocket exceeded a pint. A number of passages led off from the main tunnel. One of these branched, one part going to the surface and ending in a low, closed chimney, the other running to within an inch of the surface, where it ended. ‘The remaining side tunnels, one of which branched, ended in pockets. The capacity of one of these was not less than a quart. The entrance and exit to the pockets were by the same tunnel. These pockets are certainly, in the case of this species, not formed accidentally as a result of deepening the tunnels from time to time, when this becomes necessary in order to reach the water, but are built for some purpose, as is shown by their size and form and by the fact that in many cases the entrance to the pocket is from below and not from above, as would be the case had the pocket or chamber originally been the bottom of a tunnel. At some places in Fern Hollow the ground was fairly honey-combed with burrows. Starting from one chimney it was sometimes possible, by tracing the many branches, to prove that several chimneys had tunnels which were connected with each other. Like dogenes this species is nocturnal. Mr. S. N. Rhoads had traps set for small mammals in Fern Hollow, and on several occasions, when visiting these traps in the morning, he found specimens of this crayfish in them, ‘The bait used in these traps was a raisin, with a pinch of oatmeal scattered about. In this locality the color of the specimens of this species during life is usually a clear bright blue below, with the articulations pale. A few individ- uals had the blue on the carapace largely replaced by dull brown. WILLIAMSON: CRAYFISH OF ALLEGHENY CouNTY. 13 The chelze are blue, becoming yellowish near the extreme tip, which is red. ‘The tubercles of the chelz are yellow. ‘The antennz are dark blue, with the alternating rings paler. The young mentioned above as having been taken from their tunnel, varied in totat length from three-fourths t» one and one-eighth inches. In color they were bluish green, rarely pale and flesh colored. Faxon has recorded that in the Indian Territory the Indians call this species ‘‘ red crayfish.’’ For this locality ‘* blue crayfish ’’ will be an appropriate name. 5. Cambarus propinqguus Girard. This common species has been taken in the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers and in many of the small streams throughout the county. In color it is variable, being usually a clear brownish green, tinged with red and with a large red blotch on the side of the carapace near the posterior edge. 6. Cambarus rusticus Girard. Ohio River, Neville Island. ‘This species is similar in color to Aropinguus, which species it very much resembles. II. A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 3y JOHN A. SHAFER, PH.G. After waiting a number of years for the appearance of a Flora of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, from another source, I have con- cluded to supply the deficiency in a manner as comprehensive as is possible with the material at present available. At best the present list must be regarded as wholly preliminary. Nevertheless it is published in the hope that it may serve as a guide to students in their systematic work, as well as an invitation to others to participate in the preparation of a fuller and more perfect catalogue in the near future. Collectors are accordingly urged to make full records of each species wherever found. It is further hoped, and con- fidently expected, that all who use this list will submit to the writer the lists which they make, so as to render possible the compilation of a final catalogue, Those who submit such lists are also requested to kindly accompany them with herbarium specimens, in order to insure a correct identification. ‘These specimens should, if possible, be sub- mitted in duplicate ; one set to be incorporated with the herbarium of the Carnegie Museum, in order to preserve a comprehensive represen- tation of the species and its stations, the other set to be returned to the contributor after examination, determination, and study. Due credit will be given in the Museum catalogues, or future publications, for the specimens donated, orsubmitted. Explicit data as to the time of flower and fruit, (both of which should be collected), as well as the location, should be made and recorded on the labels. In noting loca- tion great exactness should be observed, and the collector should enter upon his labels the township, and even the farm and field, and in towns the name of the street and the number of the lot. Collectors in neighboring counties are invited to use this list for their respective districts, and likewise to submit their lists and specimens, with a view to the future preparation of a complete catalogue of the flora of west- ern Pennsylvania. No attempt has been made to utilize some of the quite recently 14 SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 15 published revisions of a few of the more difficult groups. The order of arrangement is as nearly as possible that of Gray’s Manual, sixth edition, selected only as a matter of convenience to those for whom this list is principally intended. The writer, being in the fullest ac- cord with the nomenclature of the most recent authors, all are urged to acquire the ‘‘new names’ at the earliest moment. To aid in this, the names used in Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada are employed, those of Gray’s Manual, where synonyms, being in italics. ‘The numbers succeeding the natural order are those employed by Britton & Brown, and may serve as a guide to the arrangement of an herbarium in accordance with the accepted classification, the greater divisions being indicated by the Roman numerals, as follows : I. Pteridophyta. Il. Gymnosperme. III. Monocotyledones. IV. Chloripetalz. V. Gamopetale. The arrangement will at once be understood. No attempt at localizing the species is made except where it is considered rare and has been found but once or twice. Joun A. SHAFER. Explanation of the signs used in this list : * The specimen is in the herbarium of the Carnegie Museum. || The species has been seen by the writer, but is not in the herbarium. + Reported, but is not in the herbarium. 2 The species may occur here, having been reported from a neighboring county. ? Reported, but of doubtful occurrence. The blank space under each species is intended for the use of students of botany and collectors, who may desire to insert notes, or the names of additional species. RANUNCULACEZ Jussieu. CROWFOOT FAMILY. IV-26. CLEMATIS Linnzus. * C. Virginiana Linneus. Virgin’s bower. * C. Viorna Linnzus. Leather-flower. Near Oakdale Station, June, 1873, Professor B. H. Patterson. 16 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ATRAGENE Linnzus. S$ A. Americana Sims. Purple virgin’s bower. Clematis verticillaris De Candolle. ANEMONE Linneus. « A. Virginiana Linneus. ‘Tall anemone. *s A, Canadensis Linnzeus. Canada anemone. A. Pennsylvanica Linneus. Hampton Township, Herron Station, July 2, 1891, Dr, A. Koenig. ** A. quinquefolia Linnieus. Wind-flower. Shaler ‘Township, branch of Pine Creek, near Glenshaw, April 22,-1886. SI. A. trifolia Linnezus. Mountain anemone. HEPATICA Scopoli. * H. Hepatica (Linnzus). Round liver-leaf. ** H. acuta (Pursh). Pointed liver-leaf. SYNDESMON Hoffmansegg. ANEMONELLA Spach. * §, thalictroides (Linnzeus). Rue-anemone. THALICTRUM Linnzus. * T. dioicum Linnzus. Early meadow-rue. ** T. polygamum Muhlenberg. ‘Tall meadow-rue. ** T. purpurascens Linneus. Purplish meadow-rue. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 17 TRAUTVETTERIA Fischer & Meyer. * T. Carolinensis (Walter). False bugbane. 7. palmata Fischer & Meyer. Banks of Ohio River, near Pittsburgh, July 4, 1888, C. D. Beadle. RANUNCULUS Linneus. * R. abortivus Linnzeus. Small-flowered crowfoot. ST. nw . Micranthus Nuttall. Rock-crowfoot. R. abortivus var. micranthus A. Gray. y f it. sceleratus Linnzeus. Cursed crowfoot. * R. recurvatus Poiret. Hooked crowfoot. * R. fascicularis Muhlenberg. ‘Tufted buttercup. * R. septentrionalis Poiret. Marsh buttercup. + R. Pennsylvanicus Linnzus. Bristly buttercup. + R. bulbosus Linneus. Bulbous buttercup. ** R. acris Linneus. Meadow buttercup. BATRACHIUM 5S. F. Gray. B. trichophyllum (Chaix). Water-crowfoot. Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus De Candolle. ! + CALTHA Linneus. * C. palustris Linnzeus. Marsh-marigold. 18 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. AQUILEGIA Linnzus. * A. Canadensis Linnzus. Wild columbine. || A. vulgaris Linneus. European columbine. Moon Township, roadside west of Carnot, June, 1888. DELPHINIUM Linneus. * DZD. urceolatum Jacquin. ‘Tall larkspur. D. exaltatum Aiton. Patton Township, east of Wall’s Station, Aug. 24, 1869, Rev. S. W. Knipe. * D. tricorne Michaux. Dwarf larkspur. A white form is occasionally found. « D. Consolida Linneeus. Field larkspur. Escaped to roadsides, Harrison and Moon Townships. CIMICIFUGA Linnzus. ? C. Americana Michaux. American bugbane. * C. racemosa (Linnzus). Black cohosh. ACTAA Linneus. + A. rubra (Aiton). Red baneberry. * A. alba (Linnzus). White baneberry. HYDRASTIS Ellis. * H. Canadensis Linneus. Golden seal. MAGNOLIACEZ J. St. Hilaire. MAGNOLIA FAMILY. IV-2q. MAGNOLIA Linneus. * M. acuminata Linneus. Cucumber-tree. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. LIRIODENDRON Linneus. * L. Tulipifera Linnzeus. ‘Tulip-tree. ANONACEZ De Candolle. CUSTARD APPLE FAMILY. IV-25. ASIMINA Adanson. * A. triloba (Linnzus). North American papaw. MENISPERMACEZ De Candolle. MOONSEED FAMILY. IV-28: CEBATHA Forskal. COCCULUS De Candolle. ? C. Carolina (Linnzus). Carolina moonseed. MENISPERMUM Linneus. ** M. Canadense Linnzeus. Moonseed. BERBERIDACEZ Torrey & Gray. BARBERRY FAMILY. IV-27. BERBERIS Linneus. § B. vulgaris Linnzus. European barberry. CAULOPHYLLUM Michaux. * C. thalictroides Michaux. Blue cohosh. JEFFERSONIA Barton. * J. diphylla (Linnzus). ‘Twin-leaf. PODOPHYLLUM Linnezus. * P, peltatum Linnzus. May-apple. 19 9() ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. NYMPHAACE De Candolle. WATER-LILY FAMILY. IV-2z2. CASTALIA Salisbury. NYMPHAZ:A Tournefort. § C. odorata (Dryander). White water-lily. NV. odorata Aiton. C. tuberosa (Paine). ‘Tuberous water-lily. NV. tuberosa Paine. I. NYMPHAFA Linnzeus. NUPHAR Smith. N. advena Solander. Yellow pond-lily. Nuphar advena Aiton. Note.—None of the water-lilies have been reported from Alle- gheny County. Ww. SARRACENIACEZ La Pylaie. PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY. IV-35. SARRACENIA Linneus. S. purpurea Linneus. Pitcher-plant. In the absence of bogs, we can scarcely hope to find it in Alle- gheny County. WT PAPAVERACEZ B. Jussieu. POPPY, FAMILY. TV=ar, SANGUINARIA Linneus. * §S. Canadensis Linnzus. Bloodroot. STYLOPHORUM Nuttall. + S. diphyllum (Michaux). Yellow poppy. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. Pal CHELIDONIUM Linneus. * C. majus Linneus. Celandine. PAPAVER Linneus. ** P, somniferum Linnzeus. Common poppy. || P. dubium Linneus. Long smooth-fruited poppy. Pittsburgh, Bailey Ave., July, 1888. ARGEMONE Linneus. + A. Mexicana Linneus. Prickly poppy. ADLUMIA Rafinesque. * A. fungosa (Aiton). Alleghany vine. A. cirrhosa Rafinesque. Shaler Township, P. & W. R. R. tunnel, Sept., 1886, Hon. J. D. Shafer. BICUCULLA Adanson. DICENTRA Bernhbardi. * B. Cucullaria (Linnzeus). Dutchman’s breeches. Dicentra Cucullaria Gray. * B. Canadensis (Goldie). Squirrel-corn. Dicentra Canadensis Gray. CAPNOIDES Adanson. CORYDALITS Ventenat. * C. sempervirens (Linnzus). Pale corydalis. Corydalis glauca Pursh. ; Harrison Township, rocks, on roadside near John Parke’s, July 8, Ig0o. + C. flavulum (Rafinesque). Yellow corydalis. Corydalis flavula De Candolle. 22 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * C. aureum (Willdenow). Golden corydalis. Corydalis aurea Willdenow. FUMARIA Linnzus. + F. officinalis Linnzus. Fumitory. CRUCIFERZA B. Jussieu. MUSTARD FAMILY. IV-3z2. DENTARIA Linneus. * D. diphylla Michaux. Pepper-root. * D. laciniata Muhlenberg. Cut-leaved toothwort. | D. heterophylla Nuttall. Slender toothwort. Pittsburgh, 23d Ward, near Salt-works Station, 1888, Prof. W.S. Jackman. CARDAMINE Linneus. + C. hirsuta Linnzeus. Hairy bitter-cress. ** C, Pennsylvanica Muhlenberg. Pennsylvania bitter-cress. * C, purpurea (Torrey). Purple cress. South Fayette Township, near Marshalsea, May 11, 1g00. ** C, bulbosa (Schreber). Bulbous cress. C. rhomboidea De Candolle. * C. rotundifolia Michaux. American water-cress. ARABIS Linneus. * A. lyrata Linneus. Rock-cress. x 7 * +l: SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF -ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 23 A. dentata (Torrey). Toothed rock-cress. Neville Township, south shore of island, May 3, 1890; O’Hara Township, river bank near Ross Station, May 9, 1900. A. levigata (Muhlenberg). Smooth rock-cress. A. levigata Burkii Porter. Burk’s rock-cress. A. Canadensis Linneus. Sickle-pod. A. glabra (Linneus). Tower mustard. A. perfoliata Lamarck. DRABA Linnzus. D. verna Linneus. Whitlow-grass. KONIGA Adanson. ALYVSSUM Tournefort. K. maritima (Linnzus). Sweet alyssum. Sewickley, ‘‘ashery,’’ foot of Walnut street, August, 1892. Spreading! August ro, 1897. RORIPA Scopoli. NASTURTIUM RB. Brown. R. Nasturtium (Linnzus). Water-cress. LV. officinale R. Brown. R. palustris (Linneus). Marsh-cress. NV. palustre De Candolle. R. Armoracia (Linneus). Horseradish. BARBAREA R. Brown. B. Barbarea (Linnzus). Common winter-cress. B. vulgaris R. Brown. 24 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. + B. precox (J. E. Smith). Scurvy-grass. HESPERIS Linneus. * H. matronalis Linnzeus. Dame’s rocket. ERYSIMUM Linneus. «k E. cheiranthoides Linnzus. Worm-seed mustard. SISYMBRIUM Linneus. « C. officinale (Linneus). Hedge-mustard. + S. altissimum Linneus. Tall hedge mustard. STENOPHRAGMA Celakowsky. * S. Thaliana (Linnzus). Mouse-ear cress. Sisymbrium Thalianum Gay. . South Fayette Township, dry, stony point, R.R., west of Bridge- ville, June 11, Igoo. IODANTHUS ‘Torrey and Gray. THELYPODIUM Endlicher. *k I, pinnatifidus (Michaux). False rocket. Patton Township, Wall’s Station, Aug. 24, 1869, Rev. S. W. Knipe ; June to, 1891, Thomas Seal. BRASSICA Linneus. * B. nigra (Linneus). Black mustard. + B. arvensis (Linnzus). Wild mustard. * B, campestris Linnzus. ‘Turnip. Frequently persists for several years. ei) SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. DF BURSA Weber. CAPSELLA Medicus. B. Bursa-pastoris (Linnzus). Shepherd’s purse. vs Kr LEPIDIUM Linnzus. * L. Virginicum Linneus. Wild pepper-grass. * L. campestre (Linnzus). Field-cress. Moon Township, Shafer farm, May 22, 1895. Harrison Township, John Potts’, near Natrona road, June, 1895. RAPHANUS Linneus. + R. Raphanistrum Linnzus. Wild radish. * R. sativus Linneus. Garden radish. Frequently persists for several years. CAPPARIDACE Lindley. CAPER FAMILY. IV-—33. CLEOME Linnzus. * C. spinosa Linnzus. Spider-flower. C. pungens Willdenow. Esplin, bank of Ohio River, near P. & L. E. R. R. station, Sep- tember, 1898. CISTACE# Lindley. ROCKROSE FAMILY. IV-78. HELIANTHEMUM Persoon. + H. Canadense (Linneus). Rock-rose. LECHEA Linneus. + L. minor Linneus. Thyme-leaved pin-weed. ‘Vv. Spr Vi. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. . racemulosa Michaux. Oblong-fruited pin-weed. VIOLACEZA De Candolle. VIOLET FAMILY. IV—-79. VIOLA Linneus. . pedata Linneus. Bird’s-foot violet. palmata Linneus. Hand-leaved violet. obliqua Hill. Meadow violet. A white flowering form, near Perrysville, March 30, 1889, Dr. . Ziegler, . villosa Walter. Southern wood violet. . domestica Bicknell. Yard violet. . cucullata Aiton. Marsh blue violet. . communis Pollard. Common blue violet. . sagittata Aiton. Arrow-leaved violet. . ovata Nuttall. Ovate-leaved violet. . blanda Willdenow. Sweet white violet. . blanda ameena (Le Conte). Swamp sweet violet. ‘, blanda var. palustriformis Gray. . primulefolia Linnzus. Primrose-leaved violet. Neville Township, head of island, July, 1898. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 27 V. lanceolata Linnzus. Lance-leaved violet. V. rotundifolia Michaux. Round-leaved violet. V. pubescens Aiton. Hairy yellow violet. * V. scabriuscula (Torrey and Gray). Smoothish yellow violet. Sr =< V. hastata Michaux. MHalberd-leaved violet. V. Canadensis Linnzeus. Canada violet. V. striata Aiton. Striped violet. V. Labradorica Schrank. American dog violet. V. canina L. var. Muhlenbergit Trautvetter. V. rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred violet. CUBELIUM Rafinesque. SOLEA Sprengel. C. concolor (Forster). Green violet. S. concolor Gingins de Lassaraz. CARYOPHYLLACEZ Reichenbach. PINK FAMILY. IV-—2a2r. DIANTHUS Linneus. D. Armeria Linneus. Deptford pink. Allegheny City, Riverview Park, July 14, 1894, Dr. W. R. Hamilton. D. barbatus Linnzus. Sweet-william. Moon Township, Shrode’s Hollow, near Carnot, June, 1897. OR ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SAPONARIA Linneus. *« §. officina is Linnzeus. Soapwort. SILENE Linneus. * §. stellata (Linnzus). Starry campion. S. alba Muhlenberg. White campion. S. niver Otth. S. vulgaris (Mcench.). Bladder-campion. S. Cucubalus Wibel. Penn Township, Doak farm, Sept. 21, 1899. S. Caroliniana Walter. Wild pink. S. Pennsylvanica Michaux. ** §. Virginica Linneus. Fire-pink. * §. antirrhina Linneus. Sleepy catchfly. ‘*Pittsburgh, May, 1886’; Prof. B. H. Patterson, A: Vo BR. R. track, June, 1900. * §. noctiflora Linnzus. Night-flowering catchfly. Moon ‘Township, Miller’s lane, west of Carnot, June 10, 1899. * §. Armeria Linneus. Sweet-william catchfly. LYCHNIS Linneus. ** L. coronaria (Linneus). Mullein-pink. Moon ‘Township: escaped from old gardens ; 1898. AGROSTEMMA Linneus. * A. Githago Linneus. Corn cockle. Lychnis Githago Scopoli. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 99 ARENARIA Linnzus. A. serpyllifolia Linneus. Thyme-leaved sandwort. Moon Township, Narrows Run, May, 1899. MCEHRINGIA Linneus. M. lateriflora (Linnzus). Blunt-leaved sandwort. Arenaria laterifiora Linneus. ALSINE Linnzus. STELLARIA Linneus. A. media Linnzus. Common chickweed. A. pubera (Michaux). Great chickweed. * A. longifolia (Muhlenberg). Long-leaved chickweed. * A. longipes (Goldie). Long-stalked chickweed. A. uliginosa (Murray). Marsh chickweed. CERASTIUM Linneeus. C. viscosum Linnzeus. Mouse-ear chickweed. C. vulgatum Linneus. Larger mouse-ear chickweed. * C. longipedunculatum'Muhlenberg. Nodding chickweed. * C. arvense Linneus. Field chickweed. Pittsburgh, ‘‘in a lawn, Oakland, June 4, 1888’’; Prof. B. H. Patterson. 30 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPERGULA Linneus. + S. arvensis Linneeus. Cornspurry. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, 1893 ; John Ferguson. ANYCHIA Michaux. k A. dichotoma Michaux. Forked chickweed. *« A, Canadensis (Linnzeus). Slender forked chickweed. A. capillacea De Candolle. PORTULACACE Reichenbach. PURSLANE FAMILY. IV-2zo. PORTULACA Linneus. * P, oleracea Linneeus. Common purslane. * P, grandiflora Hooker. Portulaca. Occasionally spontaneous. CLAYTONIA Linnezus. * C. Virginica Linnzus. Narrow springbeauty. * C, Caroliniana Michaux. Broad springbeauty. ELATINACEZ Lindley. WATERWORT FAMILY. IV-77. ELATINE Linnezus. E. Americana (Pursh). Mud-purslane. Probably overlooked on account of its minuteness. HYPERICACE Lindley. ST. JOHN’S-WORT FAMILY. IV-76. HYPERICUM Linnzus. § H. Ascyron Linneus. Great St. John’s-wort. — ———— SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. * H. prolificum Linneus. Shrubby St. John’s-wort. * H. ellipticum Hooker. Pale St. John’s-wort. * H. perforatum Linneus. Common St. John’s-wort. * H. maculatum Walter. Spotted St. John’s-wort. * H. mutilum Linnzus. Dwarf St. John’s-wort. . Canadense Linnzus. Canadian St. John’s-wort. ee) SAROTHRA Linneus. * §. gentianoides Linnzus. Orange-grass. Lypericum nudicaule Walter. TRIADENUM Rafinesque. ELODEA Pursh. * T. Virginicum (Linnzus). Marsh St. John’s-wort. £. campanulata Pursh. Harrison Township, Joseph Johnston’s, June, tgoo. MALVACEZH Necker. MALLOW FAMILY. IV—74. ALTHAA Linnzus. ** A. rosea Cavanilles. Hollyhock. Sewickly, ‘‘ashery,’’ foot of Walnut St., 1893. Harrison Township, field of Joseph Johnston, July, 1896. MALVA Linneus. * M. rotundifolia Linneus. Common mallow. 31 32 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. *EM. sylvestris Linneus. High mallow. Pittsburgh, old gardens, 31st Ward, 1886. || M. Moschata Linneus. Musk mallow. Harrison Township, Freeport road, near Wormley’s barn, July, 1895. SIDA Linnzus. * S. spinosa Linneus. Prickly sida. ABUTILON Gaertner. ** A, Abutilon (Linnzus). Velvet-leaf. A. Avicenne Geertner. HIBISCUS Linneus. * H. Trionum Linnzus. Venice mallow. Harrison ‘Township, Breckenridge’s hillside, Natrona, July 25, 1895. Swissvale, August 19, 1900, John M. Milligan. TILIACE Jussieu. LINDEN FAMILY. IV-73. TILIA Linneus. * T. Americana [Linnzeus. Bass-wood. + T. heterophylla Ventenat. White bass-wood. LINACE# Dumortier. FLAX FAMILY. IV-52. LINUM Linneus. * L. Virginianum Linnzeus. Wild yellow flax. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. § L. striatum Walter. Ridged yellow flax. * L. usitatissimum Linneus. Common flax. Spontaneous, especially along railroad tracks. GERANIACE J. St. Hilaire. GERANIUM FAMILY. IV-50. GERANIUM Jinneus. * G. maculatum [Linnzus. Crane’s-bill. * G. Carolinianum Linnzeus. Carolina crane’s-bill, Pittsburgh, Stanton Ave., June 14, 1884. * G. pusillum Linneus. Small flowered crane’s-bill. LIMNANTHACEZ Lindley. FALSE MERMAID FAMILY. IV-61. FLE@RKEA Willdenow. * F, proserpinacoides Willdenow. False mermaid. OXALIDACEZ Lindley. WOOD-SORREL FAMILY. ro-51. OXALIS Linneus. . Acetosella Linnzeus. ‘Prue wood-sorrel. Ti oO * OQ. violacea Linnzus. Violet wood-sorrel. ** Q. corniculata Linneus. Yellow procumbent wood-sorrel. A weed about greenhouses. * Q. stricta Linneus. Upright yellow wood-sorrel. » »” 84 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. + O. cymosa Small. Tall yellow sorrel. * Q. grandis Small. Great yellow wood-sorrel. O. recurva Trelease, not Elliott. BALSAMINACEZ Lindley. JEW BW Dra AVinIny IMPATIENS Linneus. ** I, aurea Muhlenberg. Pale touch-me-not. I. pallida Nuttall. * T, biflora Walt. Spotted touch-me-not. L. fulva Nuttall. RUTACEA! Jussieu. RUE FAMILY. IV-54. XANTHOXYLUM Linnezus. ** X. Americanum Miller. Prickly ash. Moon Township, roadside, Mrs. Eliot’s, on Flaugherty Run. Findlay Township, Chas. Hood’s, May, 1897. SIMARUBACEZ De Candolle. AILANTHUS FAMILY. IV—53. AILANTHUS Desfontaine. ** A. glandulosa Desfontaine. Ailanthus. Spontaneous in and about most towns. ILICACEA Lowe. HOLLY FAMILY. IV-—64, ILEX Linnezus. § I. monticola mollis (A. Gray). Broad-leaved holly. sb > SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY “COUNTY. BO I. verticillata (Linnzeus). Black alder. I, levigata (Pursh). Smooth winter-berry. Robinson ‘Township, swamp near Groveton Station, October, 1888. CELASTRACEZ Lindley. STAFF-TREE FAMILY. IV-6s5. CELASTRUS Linneus. * C. scandens Linnzus. False bittersweet. EUONYMUS Linneus. ** E. atropurpureus Jacquin. Wahoo. RHAMNACEZA Dumortier. BUCKTHORN FAMILY, IV-71. CEANOTHUS Linneus. ** C. Americanus Linnzus. New Jersey tea. Sr VITACE Lindley. GRAPE FAMILY. IV-72. VITIS Linneus. V. Labrusca Linnzeus. Fox-grape. * V. estivalis Michaux. Summer grape. * V. cordifolia Michaux. Frost grape. * V. vulpina Linneus. Riverside grape. V. riparia Michaux. V. rupestris Scheele. Sand grape. 36 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. PARTHENOCISSUS Planchon. AMPELOPSTS Michaux. * P, quinquefolia (Linnzus). Virginia creeper. HIPPOCASTANACE Torrey and Gray. BUCKEYE FAMILY. IV-68. AESCULUS Linneus. ** JE, glabra Willdenow. Ohio buckeye. Forward Township, in a clearing near Gamble’s P. O., June 1886. *< AK. octandra Marshall. Sweet buckeye. /E. flava Aiton. ACERACEZ St. Hilaire. MAPLE FAMILY. IV-67. ACER Linnus. . Pennsylvanicum Linnzus. Striped maple. Wr > ** A. spicatum Lambert. Mountain-maple. ** A. Saccharum Marshall. Rock- or sugar-maple. ** A. nigrum Michaux. Black sugar-maple. * A. saccharinum Linneeus. Silver maple. A. dasvearpum Ebrhart . * A. rubrum Linneus. Red, or swamp maple. With us this tree grows on rocky hillsides, seldom in lowlands. * A, Negundo Linneus. Ash-leaved maple. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. STAPHYLEACEZ De Candolle. BLADDER-—NUT FAMILY. IV-—66. STAPHYLEA Linneus. * S,. trifolia Linnzeus. American bladder-nut. ANACARDIACE Lindley. SUMAC FAMILY. IV-62. RHUS Linneus. * R. hirta (Linnzus). Staghorn sumac. R. typhina Vainneus. * R. glabra Linnzeus. Smooth sumac. * R, copallina Linneus. Dwarf sumac. * R. Vernix Linnzus. Poison sumac. R. venenata De Candolle. ~J O’ Hara Township, Swamp by W. P. R. R., near Allegheny City Poor Farm, Nov., 1899. * R, radicans Linnzus. Poison ivy. + R. aromatica Aiton. Fragrant sumac. POLYGALACEZ Reichenbach. MILKWORT FAMILY. IV-56. POLYGALA Linnezus. + P. paucifolia Willdenow. Fringed milkwort. + P. polygama Walter. Racemed milkwort. + P. Senega Linnzus. Seneca snakeroot. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * P, viridescens Linneus. Purple milkwort. P. sanguinea Linneus. * P, verticillata Linneus. Whorled milkwort. ** P, ambigua Nuttall. Loose-spiked milkwort. Ws. PAPILIONACEA Linnzus. PEA FAMILY. IV-4o. BAPTISIA Ventenat. B. tinctoria-Ventenat. Yellow wild indigo. ** B, australis (Linneus). Blue wild indigo. CYTISUS Linnezus. ** C. scoparius (Linnzus). Scotch broom. Sterrett Township, P. R. R. embankment west of Swissvale, June 19, 1889; C.C. Mellor. LUPINUS Linneus. - L. perennis Linnzeus. Wild lupine. TRIFOLIUM Linneus. * T. incarnatum Linnzus. Crimson clover. * T. arvense Linnzus. Rabbit-foot clover. Moon Township, dry woods near Sharon church, Sept., 1888-89. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, July, 1896; John Ferguson. * T. pratense Linneus. Red clover. * T. reflexum Linnzus. Buffalo clover. Bellevue, ‘‘ hillside, Ohio River, near Jack’s Run, July, 1869”’’ ; Rev.S. W-> Kuipe: Sewickley Township, branch of Turkey Foot Run, July, 1886. if is *% We % * x * * * SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 39 T. stoloniferum Muhlenberg. Running buffalo clover. T. repens Linnzeus. White clover. T. hybridum Linnzus. Alsike clover. T. agrarium Linnzus. Hop-clover. Chartiers Township, near Ingram Station, July, 1886; Alfred Stengle. Patton Township, high dry hill, east of Pitcairn Station, August 15, 1900. T. procumbens Linnzus. Low hop-clover. MELILOTUS Jussieu. M. officinalis (Linnzeus). Yellow sweet-clover. M. alba Desvaux. White sweet-clover. MEDICAGO Linnzus. M. sativa Linneus. Alfalfa. M. lupulina Linneus. Hop medic. CRACCA Linnzus. TEPHROSTIA Persoon. C. Virginiana Linnzeus. Goat’s-rue. ROBINIA Linnzus. R. Pseudacacia Linnzeus. Locust-tree. R. hispida Linneus. Rose acacia. Tarentum, roadside, escaped from garden, August, 1900. 40 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ASTRAGALUS Linnezus. * A. Carolinianus Linnzeus. Milk vetch. A. Canadensis Linneus. Moon Township, Thorn Run road, near A. Brown’s, July, 1895. MEIBOMIA Adanson. DESMODIUM Desvaux. *~ M. nudiflora Linneus. Naked-flowered tick-trefou. + M. grandiflora Walter. Pointed-leaved tick-trefoil. D. acuminatum De Candolle. + M. pauciflora (Nuttall). Few-flowered tick-trefoil. * M. Michauxii Vail. Prostrate tick-trefoil. D. rotundifolium De Candolle. *k M. canescens (Linnzeus). Hoary tick-trefoil. + M. bracteosa (Michaux), Large-leaved tick-trefoil. D. cuspidatum Hooker. + M. viridiflora (Linnzus). Velvet-leaved tick-trefoil. + M. Dillenii (Darlington). Dillen’s tick-trefoil. ** M. paniculata (Linneus). Panicled tick-trefoil. + M. Canadensis (Linneus). Showy tick-trefoil. + M. rigida (Elliott). Rigid tick-trefoil. LESPEDEZA Michaux. * L. repens (Linneeus). Creeping bush-clover. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. L. procumbens Michaux. ‘Trailing bush-clover. * L. violacea (Linnzeus). Bush-clover. * L. Virginica (Linnzeu L. reticulata Persoon. L. hirta (Linneus). s). Slender bush-clover. Hairy bush-clover. L. polvstachya Michaux. L. capitata Michaux. Round-headed bush-clover. Robinson Township, near Groveton Station, Oct. 10, 1899. STYLOSANTHES Swartz. S. biflora (Linnzus). S. elatior Swartz. * V. sativa Linnzus. -- V. Cracca Linnzeus. Pencil-flower. VICIA Linneus. Common vetch. ‘Tufted vetch. V. Caroliniana Walter. Carolina vetch. V. Americana Muhlenberg. American vetch. LATHYRUS Linnzus. L. palustris Linnzus. A. Apios (Linnzeus). A. tuberosa Mcench., Marsh vetchling. APIOS Meench. Ground-nut. 4] 49 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. FALCATA Gmelin. AMPHICARPA Elliott. ** F, comosa (Linnzus). Wild pea-nut. A. monoica Nuttall. * F, Pitcheri (Torrey & Gray). Pitcher’s hog-nut. CHSALPINACEZ Klotsch & Garcke. SENNA FAMILY. IV-47. CERCIS Linnzus. * C. Canadensis Linneus. Red-bud. CASSIA Linneus. ** C, Marylandica Linnzus. Wild senna. * C, Chamecrista Linneus. Partridge pea. * C. nictitans Linnzus. Wild sensitive-plant. GYMNOCLADUS Lamarck. + G. dioica (Linnzus). Kentucky coffee-tree. 7. Canadensis Lamarck. ~ GLEDITSIA Linneus. * G. triacantuos Linneus. Honey-locust. DRUPACEA De Candolle. PLUM FAMILY. IV-45. PRUNUS Linneus. ** P, Americana Marshall. Wild plum. * P. domestica Linneus. Garden plum. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 43 * P, pumila Linnzus. Sand cherry. + P. Pennsylvanica (Linné). Wild red cherry. * P, Virginiana Linneus. Choke cherry. + P. demissa (Nuttall). Western wild cherry. ** P. serotina Ehrhart. Wild black cherry. ** P, Cerasus Linnzeus. Sour cherry. * P, Avium Linnzus. Sweet cherry. * P, Padus Linnzeus. European bird cherry. Pittsburgh, spontaneous on the Southside hills, 32d Ward. AMYGDALUS Linnzus. * A. Persica Linnzeus. Peach. Spontaneous throughout the county. ROSACEZ B. Jussieu. ROSE FAMILY. IV-43. SPIRAA Linnzus. * §. salicifolia Linnzus. Willow-leaved meadow-sweet, * S. tomentosa Linnzus. Hardhack. Harrison ‘Township, wet roadside, John Potts’, June, 1895. ** §. sorbifolia Linneeus. Ash-leaved spirza. Moon Township, escaped to roadsides, Narrows Run, June, 1897. 44 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * §. Virginiana Britton. Virginia spirzea. O'Hara Township, head of Darlington’s Hollow, July 7, 1900; Wie-N. Miller: ARUNCUS Adanson. * A. Aruncus (Linnzus). Goat’s-beard. Spirea Aruncus Linneus. ULMARIA Hill. + U. rubra Hill. (Queen of the prairie. Spirea lobata Gronovius. OPULASTER Medicus. PHVSOCARPUS Maximowicz. *< Q. opulifolius (Linneus). Ninebark. P. opultfolius Maximowicz. PORTERANTHUS Britton. GILLENIA Mench. * P, trifoliatus (Linneus). Indian physic. G. trifeliata Mcench. *< P, stipulatus (Muhlenberg). American ipecac. G. stipulacea Moench. Moon Township, woods, McKee property, June, 1898. RUBUS Linneus. ** R. odoratus Linneus. Thimble-berry. *< R. strigosus Michaux. Wild red raspberry. Tarentum, foot of island, July, goo. * R. occidentalis Linnzus. Black raspberry. A yellow-fruited variety occurs in Moon Township, near Carnot. “ Wr. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY CouNTY. Lo R. Americanus (Persoon). Dwarf raspberry. R. triflorus Richards. R. villosus Aiton. High bush blackberry. R. Alleghaniensis Porter. Mountain blackberry. R. hispidus Linneus. Running swamp blackberry. 45 Harrison Township, swamp below Joseph Johnston’s house, July, 1897. R. Canadensis Linneus. Dewberry. DALIBARDA Linneus. D. repens Linneus. Dalibarda. GEUM Linneus. G. Canadense Jacquin. White avens. G. album Gmelin. G. Virginianum Linnzus. Rough avens. G. strictum Aiton. Yellow avens. Hampton Township, ditches, P. & W. R. R., north of Semple Station, Aug. roth, 1goo. G. vernum (Rafinesque). Spring avens. WALDSTEINIA Willdenow. W. fragarioides (Michaux). Barren strawberry. FRAGARIA Linnzus. F. Virginiana Duchesne. Scarlet strawberry. F. vesca Linnzus. European wood strawberry. 46 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. *« F, Americana (Porter). American wood strawberry. A form with ‘‘ white’’ fruit from Moon Township seems to be- long here. POTENTILLA Linnezus. *« P, arguta Pursh. ‘Tall cinquefoil. Robison Township, near Groveton, July 20, 1808. Moon ‘Township, Barns’ Farm, near Stoop’s Ferry, August, 1899. ** P, Monspeliensis Linnzeus. Rough cinquefoil. P. Norvegica Linneus. + P. intermedia Linnzeus. Downy cinquefoil. * P, recta Linneus. Rough fruited cinquefoil. Allegheny, Campus Western University of Pennsylvania, August, Igoo. * P, Canadensis Linneus. Five-finger. * P, pumila Poiret. Dwarf five-finger. AGRIMONIA Linneus. ** A, hirsuta Muhlenberg. Common agrimony. A. Eupatoria Linneus. ** A. parviflora Solander. Small-flowered agrimony. SANGUISORBA Linneus. POTERIUM LULinneus. * §. Canadensis Linnzeus. Canadian burnet. Harrison ‘Township, Little Bull Creek, near Tarentum ‘‘ Water- works,’’ August 30, 1892, Dr. A. Koenig. August, 1896, J. A. Shafer. ** ve rv SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. ROSA Linnzeus. R. setigera Michaux. Climbing rose. Harrison Township, McWilliams’ Hollow, July, 1895. O’ Hara Township, roadside east of Aspinwall, June, 1900. R. blanda Aiton. Smooth rose. R. Carolina Linnzeus. Swamp rose. R. humilis Marshall. Low pasture rose. R. humilis lucida (Ehrhart). Pasture rose. R. lucida Ehrhart. - R. canina Linneus. Dog rose. R. rubiginosa Linneus. Sweetbrier. POMACE Linnezus. APPLE FAMILY. IV-44. PYRUS Linneus. P. communis Linneus. Choke-pear. Occasionally in margin of woods, Moon Township, etc. MALUS Jussieu. PYRG Seilnneeus: M. coronaria (Linneus). American crab-apple. * M. angustifolia (Aiton). Narrow leaved crab-apple. South Fayette, near Herriottsville, May, 1871, May 15, Rev. S. W. Knipe. M. Malus (Linneus). Apple. Frequently escaped to woods and thickets. Igoo, 48 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SORBUS Linneus. PYRUS Linneus. * S. sambucifolia Chamisso & Schlechtendahl. Western mountain- ash. Pittsburgh, 18th Ward, rear of cemetery, June, 1885. - Haight’s Run, July, 1899. ARONIA Linnzus. PYRUS Uinneus. * A. nigra (Willdenow). Black choke-berry. Harrison Township, ‘‘ Bird’s Hollow,’’ near Natrona, June, 1895. CRATAGUS Linneus. ** C. Oxyacantha Linnzeus. English hawthorn. + C. coccinea Linneus. Scarlet haw. + C. macrantha Loddiges. Long-spined thorn. * C, mollis (Torrey & Gray). Red-fruited haw. ** C. tomentosa Linnzus. Pear haw. * C. punctata Jacquin. Large-fruited haw. * C,. Crus-Galli Linnzus. Cockspur thorn. AMELANCHIER Medicus. * A. Canadensis (Linnzeus). Service-berry. * A. Botryapium (Linné). Shad-bush. * A. spicata (Lamarck). Low June-berry. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, on rocky hill, May, 1898, John Ferguson. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 49 SAXIFRAGACEA Dumortier. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. IV-39. SAXIFRAGA Linnzus. S. Virginiensis Michaux. Early saxifrage. * * S. Pennsylvanica Linneus, Swanp saxifrage. Pine Township, swamp west of Wexford. June, 1896. TIARELLA Linneus. T. cordifolia Linnzus. Coolwort. Pittsburgh, ‘‘ Homewood Hollow,’’ May, 1896. * HEUCHERA Linnezus. ° * H. Americana Linnzus. Alum-root. MITELLA YTournefort. M. diphylla Linneus. Mitrewort. % * CHRYSOSPLENIUM Linnzus. * C, Americanum Schweinitz. Water carpet. Harrison Township, borders of Little Bull Creek, May 3, 1893, Dr. Adolph Koenig ; May, 1goo, J. A. Shafer. HYDRANGEA Linneus. * H. arborescens Linnzeus, Wild hydrangea. PHILADELPHUS Linnzus. * P, coronarius Linnzeus. Mock orange. Occasionally escaped from gardens. 5O ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. GROSSULARIACEZ Dumortier. GOOSEBERRY FAMILY. IV-—4o. RIBES Linnezus. * R. Cynosbati Linneus. Wild gooseberry. + R. oxyacanthoides Linnzeus. Northern gooseberry. * R. Uva-crispa Linneus. Garden gooseberry. Rk. Grossularia Linneus. Occasionally escaped. * R. floridum L’Heritier. Wild black currant. * R. rubrum Linnzus. Red currant. Occasionally escaped. CRASSULACEA De Candolle. ORPINE FAMILY. IV-38. SEDUM Linneus. || S. Telephium Linnzeus. Live-forever. Moon Township, roadside west of Carnot. + S. acre Linneus. Yellow stonecrop. * S. ternatum Michaux. Wild stonecrop. PENTHORUM Linnezus. * P, sedoides Linnzus. Ditch stonecrop. DROSERACEZ S. F. Gray. SUNDEW FAMILY. IV-36. DROSERA Linneus. § D. rotundifolia Linneus. Round-leaved sundew. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 51 HAMAMELIDACEZ Lindley. WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY. I[V-41. HAMAMETLIS Linneus. * H. Virginiana Linneus. Witch-hazel. HALORAGIDACE Klotsch & Garcke. WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY. IV-8o. MYRIOPHYLLUM Linneus. + M. verticillatum Michaux. Water-milfoil. LYTHRACE# Lindley. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY. IV-85. LYTHRUM Linneus. ** L. alatum Pursh. Winged loosestrife. East Deer Township, Kennedy Station, July, 1890, Dr. Adolph Koenig. Hampton Township, bottom of old milldam, Semple Station, August 10, 1900. * L. Salicaria Linnezus. Purple loosestrife. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, escaped ; John Ferguson. PARSONSIA Patrick Browne. CUPHEA Patrick Browne. * P, petiolata (Linnzus). Clammy cuphea. C. vtscosissima Jacquin. ‘ONAGRACEZ Dumortier. EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY. IV-87. LUDWIGIA Linneus. * L. alternifolia Linneus. Seed-box. 52 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ISNARDIA Linneus. LUDIVIG/A Linneus. * I, palustris Linnzeus. Water-purslane. EPILOBIUM Linneus, * E. coloratum Muhlenberg. Purple-leaved willow-herb. CHAMAENERION Adanson. * C. angustifolium (Linneus). Great willow-herb. ONAGRA - 1-1. PINUS Linneus. P. Strobus Linneus. White pine. P, Virginiana Miller. Scrub pine. P. inops Aiton. TSUGA Carriere. T. Canadensis (Linnzeus), Hemlock. JUNIPERUS Linneus. J. Virginiana Linnzus. Red cedar. 103 John- 104 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. TAXACEZ# Lindley. YEW FAMILY. I[I-2z. TAXUS Linneus. || T. minor (Michaux). American yew. T. Canadensis Willdenow. Shaler Township, R. R. tunnel near Undercliff. ORCHIDACEZ Lindley. ORCHID FAMILY. III-28. LEPTORCHIS ‘Thouans. LIPARTIS UL. G. Richard. * L. liliifolia (Linnzus). Large twayblade. ; Moon Township, several stations, 1890. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, June, 1891. John Ferguson. APLECTRUM Nuttall. * A. spicatum (Walter). Putty-root. A. hyemale Nuttall. Moon Township, Owen Evans’ woods, June, 1887. CORALLORHIZA R. Brown. * C. odontorhiza (Willdenow). Small-flowered coral-root. Moon Township, oak woods, T. A. Shafer heirs, August, 1889. * C, multiflora Nuttall. Large coral-root. GYROSTACHYS Persoon. SPIRANIHES: 1..C; Richard. * G. cernua (Linneus). Nodding ladies’ tresses. * G. gracilis (Bigelow). Slender ladies’ tresses. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, August, 1898, John Ferguson, SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. LOB PERAMIUM Salisbury. GOODYVERA R. Brown. * P. pubescens (Willdenow). Downy rattlesnake plantain. POGONIA Jussieu. *« P, verticillata (Willdenow). Whorled pogonia. Moon Township, the McKee tract, in fruit, July, 1887. ORCHIS Linnezus. QO. spectabilis Linnzeus. Showy orchis. ¥ HABENARIA Willdenow. * H. orbiculata (Pursh). Round-leaved orchis. Moon Township, the McKee tract, July, 1887. x H. lacera (Michaux). Ragged orchis. x H. peramena A. Gray. Fringeless purple orchis. Moon Township, near Thorn Run Station, August, 1898. CYPRIPEDIUM Linnzus. C. hirsutum Miller. Large yellow ladies’ slipper. C. pubescens Willdenow. x * C. acaule Aiton. Moccasin-flower. Moon Township, McKee tract, in fruit, September, 1888. IRIDACEZ Lindley. IRIS FAMILY. III-2s5. IRIS Linneus. * I, versicolor Linneus. Large blue flag. * I. cristata Aiton. Robinson Township, hillside, near Brightwood Station. 106 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. GEMMINGIA Fabricius. BELAMCANDA Adanson. * G. Chinensis (Linnzeus). Blackberry lily. Moon Township. Escaped from gardens. SISYRINCHIUM Linnezus. * §S. angustifolium Miller. Pointed blue-eyed grass. Allegheny, Highwood Cemetery, October, 1889, John Ferguson. * S. graminoides Bicknell. Stout blue-eyed grass. AMARYLLIDACEZ Lindley. AMARYLLIS FAMILY. III-23. HYPOXIS Linneus. * H. hirsuta (Linnzus). Star-grass. Hf. erecta Linneus. DIOSCOREACEZ Lindley. YAM FAMILY. III-24. DIOSCOREA Linnezus. * D. villosa Linneus. Wild yam. SMILACEZ Ventenat. SMILAX FAMILY. III-—2r. SMILAX Linnzus. * §. herbacea Linneus. Carrion-flower. ** §. rotundifolia Linneus. Common greenbrier. * S. glauca Walter. Glaucous greenbrier. Moon Township, Wm. Scott’s farm, Nov. 10, 1899. + S. hispida Muhlenberg. Hispid greenbrier. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. LO7 LILIACE Adanson. LILY FAMILY. III-19. ALLIUM Linn eus. * A. tricoccum Aiton. Wild leek. South Fayette Township, near Herriotsville, May, 1871-1900. Rev. S. W. Knipe. Moon Township, J. J. Miller's Hollow, May, 1887-1899. * A. cernuum Roth, Wild onion. * A. Canadense Linneus. Wild garlic. Pittsburgh, near Salt-works Station, June, 1887. Prof. B. H. Patterson. ** A. vineale Linnzus. Field garlic. Robinson Township, field opposite Groveton Station, July, 1899. ORNITHOGALUM Linneus. * O. umbellatum Linnzus. Star of Bethlehem. Moon Township, margin of woods, Evans’ farm, May, 1596. O’ Hara Township, railroad embankment near Squaw Run, May, 1900. QUAMASIA Rafinesque. SC/ELA Linnzus. + Q. hyacinthina (Rafinesque). Wild hyacinth. S. Fraseri A. Gray. South Fayette Township, near Herriotsville, May, 1871, Rev. S. W. Knipe. HEMEROCALLIS Linneus. * H. fulva Linnzus. Common day lily. Commonly escaped to roadsides near dwellings. 108 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ERYTHRONIUM Linneus. * E. Americanum Kerr. Yellow adder’s-tongue, or dog’s-tooth violet. * E. albidum Nuttall. White adder’s-tongue, or dog’s-tooth violet. LILIUM Linneeus. + L. Philadelphicum Linnaeus. Philadelphia lily. * L. superbum Linnzus. Turkscap lily. * A. Canadense Linneus. Canada lily. CONVALLARIACEZ Link. LILY—OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY. III-20. ASPARAGUS Linnzus. * A. officinalis Linneeus. Asparagus. POLYGONATUM Adanson. * P. biflorum (Walter). Hairy Solomon’s seal. * P. commutatum (Roemer & Schultes). Smooth Solomon’s seal. P. giganteum Dietrich. VAGNERA Adanson. SMILACINA Desfontaine. * V. racemosa (Linnzeus). False Solomon’s seal. UNIFOLIUM Adanson. MAIANTHEMUM Wiggers. * U. Canadense (Desfontaine). False lily-of-the-valley. Wr ye nw SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. DISPORUM Salisbury. PROSARTES Don. D. lanuginosum (Michaux). Hairy disporum. STREPTOPUS Michaux. S. amplexifolius (Linneus). Clasping twisted-stalk. CLINTONIA Rafinesque. C. umbellulata (Michaux). White clintonia. MEDEOLA Linneus. M. Virginiana Linneus. Indian cucumber-root. TRILLIUM Linnzus. T. sessile Linnzus. Sessile wake-robin. T. nivale Riddell. Early wake-robin. 109 Lower St. Clair Township, Sawmill Run, at Jackson’s Hollow, April, 1886. T. grandiflorum (Michaux). [Large-tlowered wake-robin. T. erectum Linneus. Fetid wake-robin. The white form is less common. T. undulatum Willdenow. Painted’ wake-robin. T. erythrocarpum Michaux. MELANTHACEZ R. Brown. BUNCH-FLOWER FAMILY. _ III-18. UVULARIA Linneus. U. perfoliata Linnzeus. Perfoliate bellwort. U. grandiflora J. E. Smith. Large-flowered bellwort. 110 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * U. sessilifolia Linnzeus. Sessile-leaved bellwort. CHAMALIRIUM Willdenow. C. luteum (Linnezus). Blazing-star. C. Carolinianum Willdenow. STENANTHIUM Kunth. * §. robustum 5S, Watson. Stout stenanthium. Richland Township, near Gibsonia, August, Igoo. MELANTHIUM Linneeus. * M. Virginicum Linnzeus. Bunch-flower. - Fawn Township, Branch of Bull Creek, Thos. Dixon’s, July, 1896. VERATRUM Linneus. * V. viride Aiton. White hellebore. Pine Township, Pine Creek, near Wexford, June, 1886, COMMELINACEZ Reichenbach. SPIDERWORT FAMILY. II]I-15. COMMELINA Linneus. * C. Virginica Linneus. Virginia day-flower. TRADESCANTIA Linnzus. *« T. Virginiana Linnzeus. Spiderwort. Marshall Township, wet field, near Thorn Hill P. O., June, ISQ96. JUNCACEZ: Ventenat. RUSH FAMILY. III-17. JUNCUS Linneus. ** J. effusus Linneeus. Common soft rush. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. * J. tenuis Willdenow. Bath-grass. + J. bufonius Linneus.. Toad rush. * J. acuminatus Michaux. Sharp-fruited rush. * J. Canadensis J. Gay. Canada rush. ? J. Cesariensis Coville. New Jersey rush. J. asper Engelmann. JUNCOIDES Adanson. LUZULA We Candolle. * J. campestre (Linnzeus). Common wood-rush. + J. pilosum (Linnzeus). Hairy wood-rush. TYPHACE J. St. Hilaire. CAT-TAIL FAMILY. III-1. TYPHA Linneus. * T. latifolia Linneus. Cat-tail. SPARGANIACEZ Agardh. BURREED FAMILY. III-2. SPARGANIUM Linneus. + S. eurycarpum Engelmann. Broad-fruited bur-reed. + S. simplex Hudson. Simple-stemmed bur-reed. ARACES Necker. ARUM FAMILY. III-g. ARISAMA Martens. * A. triphyllum (Linnzus). Indian turnip. Bl TEL ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * A. Dracontium (Linneeus). Green dragon. Sterrett Township, low woods near C. C. Mellor’s place, July, 1886. o CALLA [inneus. . palustris Linnzeus. Water arum. wie PP) SPATHYEMA Rafinesque. SYMPLOCARPUS Salisbury. * S. feetida (Linneus). Skunk cabbage. ACORUS Linnzus. * A. Calamus Linnzus. Calamus-root. LEMNACEA Dumortier. DUCKWEED FAMILY. III-10. LEMNA Linnzus. + L. minor Linneeus. Lesser duckweed. + L. trisulca Linneus. Star duckweed. VALLISNERIACE Dumortier. TAPE-GRASS FAMILY. III-6. VALLISNERIA Linnezus. * V. spiralis Linnzus. ‘Tape-grass. ©’ Hara Township, Allegheny River above Aspinwall, September 20, 1899. ALISMACE De Candolle. WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY. III-5. ALISMA Linneus. * A. Plantago-aquatica Linneus. Water-plantain. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. SAGITTARIA Linnzus. . latifolia Willdenow. Broad arrow-leaf. S. vartabiiis Engelmann. NAIADACE Lindley. PONDWEED FAMILY. III-3. POTAMOGETON Linnzus. . natans Linneus. Common floating pondweed. CYPERACEZ J. St. Hilaire. SEDGE FAMILY. III-8. CYPERUS Linneus. . flavescens Linnzeus. Yellow cyperus. . diandrus Torrey. Low cyperus. . rivularis Kunth, Shining cyperus. . strigosus Linneus. Straw-colored cyperus. . speciosus Vahl. Michaux’s cyperus. ELEOCHARIS R. Brown. . ovata (Roth). Ovoid spike-rush. . palustris (Linnzus). Creeping spike-rush. . tenuis (Willdenow). Slender spike-rush. SCIRPUS Linneus. . lacustris Linnzus. Great bulrush. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. . atrovirens Muhlenberg. Dark bulrush. - polyphyllus Vahl. Leafy bulrush. . lineatus Michaux. Reddish bulrush. . cyperinus (Linnzus). Wool-grass. CAREX Linnzus. . intumescens Rudge. Bladder sedge. . Asa-Grayi Bailey. Gray’s sedge. - lupulina Muhlenberg. Hop sedge. . lurida Wahlenberg. Sallow sedge. - Squazrosa Linneus. Squarrose sedge. . Scabrata Schweinitz. Rough sedge. . Stricta Lamarck. Tussock sedge. . torta Boott. Twisted sedge. . prasina Wahlenberg. Dropping sedge. . limosa Linnzus. Mud sedge. . crinita Lamarck. Fringed sedge. - gynandra Schweinitz. Nodding sedge. or =e Q SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. . virescens Muhlenberg. Downy green sedge. C. costellata Britton. Ribbed sedge. . virescens var. costata Dewey. . triceps Michaux. Hirsute sedge. . gracillima Schweinitz. Graceful sedge. . grisea Wahlenberg. Gray sedge. . glaucodea Tuckerman. Glaucescent sedge. . granularis Muhlenberg. Meadow sedge. . granularis Shriveri Britton. Shriver’s meadow sedge. . granularis var. Haleana Porter not C. Halec Dewey. . flava Linneus. Yellow sedge. . Hitchcockiana Dewey. Hitchcock’s sedge. . laxiflora Lamarck. Loose-flowered sedge. . laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey). Loose flowered sedge. . Careyana Torrey. Carey’s sedge. . Albursina Sheldon. White-bear sedge. . laxiflora var. latifolia Boott. . plantaginea Lamarck. Plantain-leaved sedge. . platyphylla Carey. Broad-leaved sedge. 116 * C, ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. . Pennsylvanica Lamarck. Pennsylvania sedge. . varia Muhlenberg. Emmons’ sedge. . pubescens Muhlenberg. Pubescent sedge. . Jamesii Schweinitz. James’ sedge. . stipata Muhlenberg. Awl-fruited sedge. . vulpinoidea Michaux. Fox sedge. . rosea Schkuhr. Stellate sedge. . retroflexa Muhlenberg. Reflexed sedge. . sparganioides Muhlenberg. Bur-reed sedge. cephalophora Muhlenberg. Oval-headed sedge. . Muhlenbergii Schkuhr. Muhlenberg’s sedge. . tribuloides Wahlenberg. Blunt broom sedge. . scoparia Schkuhr. Pointed broom sedge. GRAMINEZ Jussieu. GRASS FAMILY. HI-7. SPARTINA Schreber. . cynosuroides (Linnzus). ‘Tall marsh-grass. * te o{- abl K SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. SYNTHERISMA Walter. PANICUM Linneus. C. linearis (Krock).* Small crab-grass. P. glabrum Gaudin. S. sanguinalis (Linneeus). Large crab-grass. P. sanguinale Linnzus. PANICUM Linneus. P. proliferum Lamarck. Spreading panicum. P. capillare Linnzus. Witch grass. P. virgatum Linnzus. ‘Tall smooth panicum. P. Porterianum Nash. Porter’s panicum. P. latifolium Walter. P. clandestinum Linneus. Hispid panicum. P. commutatum Schultes. Variable panicum. P. depauperatum Muhlenberg. Starved panicum. P. pubescens Lamarck. Hairy panicum. P. dichotomum Linnzus. Forked panicum. P. laxiflorum Lamarck. Lax-flowered panicum. P. Crus-galli Linneus. Cockspur grass. IXOPHORUS Schlechtendal. SETARIA Beauvois. I. verticillatus (Linnzus). Foxtail-grass. 118 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. + I. glaucus (Linnzeus). Yellow foxtail. + I. viridis (Linnzus). Bottle-grass. * I, Italicus (Linnzeus). Hungarian millet. CENCHRUS Linneus. * C. tribuloides (Linnzus). Bur-grass. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. LEERSTA Swartz. + H. Virginicus (Willdenow). White grass. + H. oryzoides (Linnzus). Rice cut-grass. ANDROPOGON Linnezus. ** A. furcatus Muhlenberg. Forked beard-grass. * A. scoparius Michaux. Broom beard-grass. CHRYSOPOGON Trinius. C. avenaceus (Michaux). Indian grass, C. nutans A. Gray. ve wn PHALARIS Linnzeus. * P, Canariensis Linnzeus. Canary-grass. Occasionally about rubbish heaps. ** P, arundinacea Linnzus. Reed canary-grass. The variegated form occasionally escaped from near-by gardens. ANTHOXANTHUM Linneus. + A. odoratum Linneus. Sweet vernal-grass. 7D. ~ P. * AY * A, + A. = SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY CouNnNTY. MUHLENBERGIA Schreber. . Mexicana (Linneus). Meadow muhlenbergia. . tenuiflora (Willdenow). Slender muhlenbergia. . diffusa Schreber. Dropseed grass, BRACHYELYTRUM Schreber. erectum (Schreber). Brachyelytrum. PHLEUM Linneus. pratense Linneus. ‘Timothy. ALOPECURUS Linneus. pratensis Linnzeus. Meadow foxtail. SPOROBOLUS R. Brown. . vagineflorus (Torrey). Rush-grass. AGROSTIS Linnzus. alba Linneus. Red-top. perennans (Walter). ‘Thin-grass. . hyemalis (Walter). Hair-grass. CINNA Linnzus. . arundinacea Linnzus. Wood reed-grass. ARRHENATHERUM BEeauvois. . elatius (Linneus). Oat-grass. HOLCUS Linneus. lanatus Linnzus. Velvet-grass. 119 120 + D. * AC * D. v ra +E. —- —- * E. ae E. E. E. Te ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. DESCHAMPSIA Beauvois. ceespitosa (Linneus). ‘Tufted hair-grass. AVENA Linnzus. sativa Linnzus. Common oats. Abundantly spontaneous. DANTHONIA De Candolle. spicata (Linneus). Wild oat-grass. ELEUSINE Geertner. Indica (Linneus). Yard-grass. EATONIA Rafinesque. obtusata (Michaux). Blunt eatonia. Pennsylvanica (De Candolle). Pennsylvania eatonia. nitida (Sprengel). Slender eatonia. Dudleyi Veasey. Near Pittsburgh, Pa.; Wm. R. Dudley, in Cayuga Flora, p. ERAGROSTIS Beauvois. hypnoides (Lamarck). Creeping eragrostis. reptans Nees. E. Eragrostis (Linneus). Low eragrostis. Zz. minor Host. - major Host. Scented eragrostis. . pilosa (Linneus). Tufted eragrostis. . Purshii Schrader. Pursh’s eragrostis. L273 SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. * E,. capillaris (Linnzus). Capillary eragrostis. UNIOLA Linnzus. * U. latifolia Michaux. Broad spike-grass. * ‘* Allegheny,’’ 1888, C. B. Beadle. f=} J DACTYLIS Linnezus. * D. glomerata Linnzeus. Orchard-grass. POA Linnzus. P. annua Linneus. Annual meadow-grass. * P. compressa Linneus. Wire-grass. ‘ ed P. flava Linneus. False red-top. P. serotina Ehrhart. * P, pratensis Linneus. Kentucky blue-grass. P. trivialis Linnzeus. Roughish meadow-grass. * P, sylvestris Gray. Sylvan spear-grass. P. brevifolia Muhlenberg. Short-leaved spear-grass. PANICULARIA Fabricius. GLYCER/A R. Brown. P. nervata (Willdenow). Nerved manna-grass. P. Americana (Torrey). Tall manna-grass. G. grandis Watson. FESTUCA Linneus. r F, ovina Linnzeus. Sheep's fescue-grass. 121 122, ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * F. nutans Willdenow. Nodding fescue-grass. + F. elatior Linnzus. Tall fescue-grass, BROMUS Linneus. * B. secalinus Linnzeus. Upright chess, cheat. + B. racemosus Linnzus. Wood chess. + B. ciliatus Linnzus. Rye chess. LOLIUM Linnzus. + L. perenne Linnzus. Rye-grass. AGROPYRON J. Geertner. * A. repens (Linnezus). Couch-grass. TRITICUM Linnzus. * T. vulgare Linnzeus. Wheat. Frequently spontaneous along railroad tracks. SECALE Linneus. * S. cereale Linnzus. Rye. Spontaneous in waste places, occasionally. HORDEUM Linneus. * H. vulgare Linnzus. Common barley. Along railroad tracks. ELYMUS Linneus. * E. Virginicus Linneus. Virginia wild rye. ** E,. Canadensis Linneus. Nodding wild rye. vy Z 1% vy nr x YR SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. HYSTRIX Meench. ASPRELLA Willdenow. H. Hystrix (Linneus). Bottle-brush grass. EQUISETACE Michaux. HORSETAIL FAMILY. J[-8. EQUISETUM Linneus. E. arvense Linneus. Field horsetail. E. sylvaticum Linnzus. Wood horsetail. E. hyemale Linnzeus. Common scouring-rush. E. levigatum Braun. Smooth scouring-rush. Fawn Township, on banks of Bull Creek, July, 1885. POLYPODIACEX R. Brown. FERN FAMILY. I-5. POLYPODIUM Linneus. P. vulgare Linneus. Common polypody. ADIANTUM Linneus. A. pedatum Linneus. Maiden-hair fern. PTERIS Linnzus. P. aquilina Linnzus. Bracken. CHEILANTHES Swartz. C. lanosa (Michaux). Hairy lip-fern. C. vestita Swartz. PELLAA Link. P. atropurpurea (Linnzus). Purple-stemmed cliff-brake. 124 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Se ATHYRIUM Roth. ASPLENIUM Linneus. A. pinnatifidum (Nuttall). Pinnatifid spleenwort. ** A. Trichomanes (Linneus). Maiden-hair spleenwort. ** A, platyneuron (Linnzus). Ebony spleenwort. WI. A. ebeneum Aiton. A. montanum (Willdenow). Mountain spleenwort. *< A. angustifolium (Michaux). Narrow-leaved spleenwort. ** A. acrostichoides (Swartz). Silvery spleenwort. A. thelypteroides Michaux. ** A. Filix-foemina (Linneus). Lady-fern. CAMPTOSORUS Link. * C. rhizophyllus (Linnzus). Walking-fern. PHEGOPTERIS Feée. * P, hexagonoptera (Michaux). Broad beech-fern. ** P,. Dryopteris (Linnezus). Odak-fern. Robinson Township, branch of Montour’s Run, June 1, 1886. DRYOPTERIS Adanson. ASPIDIUM Swartz. ** D. Thelypteris (Linnzus). Marsh shield-fern. * D. Noveboracensis (Linnzus). New York fern. ** D. spinulosa intermedia (Muhlenberg). Wood fern. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 125 * D. cristata (Linneus). Crested shield-fern. O’ Hara Township, swamp, near Poor Farm, September 20, 1899. * D. Goldieana (Hooker). Goldie’s fern. ? D. Filix-mas (Linneus). Male fern. “* D. marginalis (Linneus). Evergreen wood-fern. ** D. acrostichoides (Michaux). Christmas fern. FILIX Adanson. CYSTOPTERTS Bernhardi. * F. bulbifera (Linnzus). Bladder fern. * F. fragilis (Linneus). Brittle fern. ONOCLEA Linnzus. * QO. sensibilis Linnzeus. Sensitive fern. Vp j=) . Struthiopteris (Linnzus). - Ostrich fern. WOODSIA R. Brown. * W. obtusa Sprengel. Blunt-lobed woodsia. DANNSTADTIA Bernhardi. DICKSOWNIA LL’ Heritier. * D. punctilobula (Michaux). Hay-scented fern. OSMUNDACEZ Rk. Brown. ROYAL FERN FAMILY. I-z. OSMUNDA Linneus. * Q. regalis (Linneus). Royal fern. 126 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. O’Hara Township, swamp near Poor Farm, May, 1900, D. A. Atkinson. O’ Hara Township, Squaw Run, June, 1900. W. N. Miller. * QO. cinnamomea Linnzeus. Cinnamon fern. * QO. Claytoniana Linnzus. Interrupted fern. OPHIOGLOSSACE Presl. ADDER’S-TONGUE FAMILY. I[-1. OPHIOGLOSSUM Linneus. + O. vulgatum Linnzus. Adder’s tongue. BOTRYCHIUM Swartz. + B. Lunaria (Linneus). Moonwort. * B. obliquum Muhlenberg. Oblique grape fern. * B. dissectum Sprengel. Cut-leaf grape fern. * B. Virginianum (Linnzus). Virginia grape fern. LYCOPODIACE Michaux. CLUBMOSS FAMILY. I-g. LYCOPODIUM Linnzus. * L. lucidulum Michaux. Shining club-moss. * L. complanatum Linneus. ‘Trailing club-moss. Moon Township, Tomlinson’s Hollow, near Carnot, April 18, 1898 ; Miss Lily Dally. O’ Hara Township, Squaw Run, October, 1899; J. L. Graf. SHAFER: VASCULAR FLORA OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 127 SELAGINELLACEA Underwood. SELAGINELLA FAMILY. JI-ro. SELAGINELLA Beauvois. * S. apus (Linneus). Creeping selaginella. Fawn Township, Branch of Bull Creek, July, 1895. Harrison Township, Little Bull Creek, near Burtner’s stone house, August 25, 1900; John Thorpe. III. SOME NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By Jeb; FIATCHER. (PLATEs I-IV.) The present paper is based upon material brought together by the paleontological expedition of 1900, for which Mr. Andrew Carnegie generously supplied the necessary funds. The material has been freed from the matrix and prepared for study, either directly by, or under the immediate supervision of, Mr. A. S. Coggeshall, the chief prep- arator of the Museum in the Section of Vertebrate Paleontology. In the performance of this work Mr. Coggeshall has shown unusual skill and patience. ‘The illustrations are from drawings by Mr. W. J, Carpenter and photographs by Mr. A. S. Coggeshall. In each in- stance they accurately illustrate important details of form and structure in the specimens described. Class PISCES. Platacodon nanus! Marsh. In a former paper I have called attention to the undoubted ichthyic nature of the diminutive teeth collected by the writer several years ago and described by the late Professor Marsh as mammalian under the above name.” Subsequent to Professor Marsh’s description of the types of this genus and species the present writer discovered in the same immediate locality, from which he secured the type specimens, two small dental plates, each bearing ankylosed teeth of the same size and pattern as the detached teeth described by Professor Marsh. ‘The nature of these dental plates and the teeth they supported fixed at the same time their ichthyic nature and their identity with Platacodon. Both of these points Professor Marsh fully realized and frequently ex- pressed in conversation with the writer. Other pressing duties doubt- less prevented his making the necessary correction prior to his un- timely death. During the past season I had occasion to visit the same 1See Am. Journ. Sci., Vol. XXXVIIT, Aug., 1899, p. 178. = ec 2See Science, N.S., Vol. XII, Nov. 9, 1900, p. 719. 128 HATCHER: LITTLE KNown Fosstu VERTEBRATES. 129 locality that afforded Marsh’s types, and was fortunate in finding a third fragment (No. 104)* of a dental plate with two teeth in position and exhibiting the scars of several other detached teeth as shown in Plate I, Figs. 5 and 6. ‘These teeth have chisel-shaped crowns and are very much compressed, apparently with the longer axis directed transversely. ‘They are quite distinct from other dental plates found somewhat abundantly in the same deposits, which are also of ichthyic nature, but in which the crown of each tooth consists of a single rather low tubercle, circular in cross-section. Class REPTILIA. Subclass Dinosauria. Order PREDENTATA. Suborder ORNITHOPODA. The Dermal Covering of Claosaurus* Marsh. The first information regarding the nature of the dermal covering of dinosaurs was given by the writer in a brief communication to Science on Zhe Carnegte Museum Paleontological Expedition of rgoo.°’ A little later Mr. F. A. Lucas® called attention to the appearance of dermal impressions similar to those mentioned by the writer, and shown by material collected by Mr. Robert Butler for the U. S. National Museum, and pertaining to the same genus, C/aosaurus (Thespesius), as does that on which the present observations are based. Through the kindness of Mr. Lucas I am able to give here (Fig. 1) an illustration, natural size, of these impressions as represented on a slab of sandstone enclosing the bones of one of the fore limbs of the specimen in the U. S. National Museum. 3The numbers enclosed in brackets in this paper refer to the Card Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrates in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. * Claosaurus Marsh has been considered to be a synonym of Zhespestus Leidy, (See Lucas, in Science, N. S., Vol. XII, Nov. 23, 1900. p. 809); while the latter genus has been considered a synonym of //adrosaurus Leidy, by another authority. (See Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbiirgen, by Franz Baron Nopsca, jun., Band LXVIII der Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 555-591.) In consideration of the incomplete nature of Leidy’s type of Zhespestus I retain Claosaurus. 5 Sce Science, N. S., Vol. XII, Nov. 9, 1900, pp. 719-720. § See Science, N. S., Vol. XII, p. 809. 9 130 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Among other remains of Laramie dinosaurs, collected in Wyoming during the past season, there is a large slab of sandstone, containing a considerable portion of the pelvis and sacrum and some twenty of the anterior caudals, as well as numerous ossified dorsal tendons, so abun- IGT Dermal impression from forelimb of Claosaurus (Thespesius) annectens Marsh. (Nat. size). (Specimen in U, 5S, National Museum. ) dant in C/aosaurus. This specimen (No. 106) derives its chief interest, however, from the fact that there are preserved in the region extend- ing from the fifteenth to the twentieth caudals an impression of the dermis, which shows these animals to have been covered in life with small bony, or chitinous scutes. In my original notice of these dermal scutes I referred to them as small hexagonal plates. A closer examina- tion, however, shows that they are not all of the same size or geomet- rical form. Our material shows that there was in some instances a central heptagonal plate some g mm. in greatest diameter,’ surrounded by seven somewhat smaller hexagonal plates. These, or similar rosettes, appear to have been arranged in bands extending from the top of the dorsal region of the tail down the sides in parallel lines, each band separated from the succeeding and preceding series by narrow trans- verse ridges, the interstices between the hexagonal plates and transverse 7In my notice in Science I spoke of thes plates as somewhat more than half an inch in diameter, while by actual measurement they are somewhat less than half an inch. HATCHER: LITTLE KNowN FossIL VERTEBRATES. 131 ridges being filled in with smaller plates. The exact outline of some of these smaller plates cannot be determined from our specimen. Wes Few alien conn OOF: TAXONOMY OF LEPTOCHCE:RUS. There has been a disposition on the part of some authorities to place Leptochcerus among the Primates. ‘This has doubtless been due to the very close resemblance shown by the true molars of this, genus to the same teeth in certain genera of the earlier Primates, more especially of the Prosimiz or Lemurs. Most if not all of the discoveries of Primates, that have from time to time been reported from the White River, Oligocene formations of the West, have been based on the true molars of Leptochcerus. Such references of these teeth when found unassociated with the premolars were very natural and quite in accord- ance with our knowledge of comparative odontography. ‘The premolars are however quite unlike those of any known primate living or extinct, while at the same time showing very close resemblances, as do also the molars, to certain artiodactyls with the bunodont type of tooth. These facts, together with certain skeletal characters referred to by Marsh in his description of Z. graci/’s, would appear to establish the artiodactyl affinities of the genus. Suborder PERISSODACTYLA. Orohippus? sp. In our collections of vertebrates from the White River Beds there is an isolated superior molar (No. 99), which agrees in general HATCHER: LITTLE KNown FossIL VERTEBRATES. 135 structure with the superior molars of Ovohippus, and I have provision- ally referred it to that genus. I refrain from proposing for it a new generic name, while at the same time recognizing the improbability that the genus Orohippus should have existed continuously from the Bridger Eocene to the White River Oligocene. The unexpected occurrence of a tooth of this pattern, indicative of an animal closely allied to the middle Eocene equines, would appear to justify a notice of its discovery, with a brief description of its principal characters, though its exact generic and specific distinction will be deferred until the discovery of additional material shall make known its true affinities. This tooth, which appears to be the left first superior molar, was found by Mr. W. H. Utterback at the base of the Titanotherium Beds, in an exposure about one mile south of Henry’s Dam, on Squaw Creek, in Sioux County, Nebraska. A crown view of it is shown on Plate I, Fig. 7. It agrees almost exactly in size and structure with the first molar of Orohzfppus as figured by Wortman on page 108, Vol. VIII of the Bulletins of the American Museum of Natural His- tory. The crown is in outline almost a perfect square, and supports four subequal cones, each occupying one of the four angles of the tooth. In addition to these four principal cones there are two small intermediate cones, or conules. A basal cingulum surrounds the tooth except on the inner side. This tooth has an anteroposterior diameter of .cog metres and a maximum transverse diameter of .o0g5 metres. Trigonias osborni Lucas.’ Dentition, 1.3, C.4, P.4, M.B=42. Mone of the upper pre- molars are strictly molariform. Skullmuch elongated and very large in comparison with the size of the skeleton. Manus tetradactyl. This new genus of the early Oligocene Rhinoceride is represented in our collections by two skulls and one nearly complete skeleton, beside numerous other bones, all from the lower Titanotherium Beds of the White River Oligocene. Only a very small portion of this material has as yet been unpacked and freed from the matrix. It is the intention of the present communication to record only a few of the more important characters, reserving a description of the com- plete osteology for a future paper, after all of our material has been prepared for study. 10See Proc. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXIII, No. 1207, pp. 221-223. 136 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. THE CRANIUM. In our collection there is one nearly complete skull, without the lower jaw (No. 96) of a very old individual, in which the structure of the molar and premolar teeth, except in M.3, has been obliterated by wear. f2 Oblique front view of right manus of Zrigonias osborni.: s, scaphoid ; /, lunar; Ay, pyramidal ; ¢¢, trapezoid; m, magnum; 2, unciform. A little less than Inner side of right manus of 7égonias osborni: pi, pisiform; s, scaphoid ; About one half natural size. External side view of right scapula, limb and manus of 7’ osborni in (From a photograph. ) IV. THE REPTILES OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENN- SYLVANIA. By D. A. ATKINSON. In compiling this list of local reptiles considerable difficulty has been encountered owing to the thickly settled condition of Allegheny County, and the lack of research in this branch before the population became so dense. Civilization means, among other things, the de- struction of the natural fauna of a region, or at least of that portion of it, which is neither easily domesticated, nor amply provided with means for migrating before its advance. Especially is this true of reptiles, which, owing to an ignorant prejudice, are generally killed on sight without consideration of their usefulness or’ harmlessness. Many species now rare in this locality must have been abundant at one time, and at least two species have become extinct within the limits of our county during the past forty years. The pollution of many of our streams, and through them some of the swamps and ponds, by drainage from coal-mines, refuse from oil- and gas-wells, and the waste products of the various kinds of manu- factories, has played an important part in the decrease of the number of our reptiles, chiefly by destroying their food-supply. As the ponds and swamps are few and small, we have a scarcity of the species which inhabit such places, especially of the aquatic turtles, which, with the exception of several common species, are locally almost extinct. The fear and dislike with which most people regard snakes is to a great extent groundless. Of the snakes, occurring in Allegheny county at the present time, only one species, Axnczistrodon contortrix (copperhead), is at all poisonous, and its habits are such that it is seldom met with, even where it occurs in abundance. ‘The other species are entirely harmless, and many of them are beneficial on ac- count of their feeding on mice, rats, weasels, and insects. Some of the larger species, notably the black-snakes, are accused of eating eggs, also young chickens, and drinking milk. Undoubtedly they may do this in some cases, but it is not their regular diet. Of course ‘snake stories’’ have been told as far back as history extends, but there is no excuse at the present day for the publication of such stories 10 145 146 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. as frequently appear in our newspapers, and which must either be re- garded as an insult to public intelligence, or as overworked jokes. Some observations on the habits of certain species are recorded here, and it is hoped that this may stimulate further research in this line, as the life-history of many common species is almost unknown. Completeness is not claimed for this catalogue. There are several species not yet taken here, which, according to geographical range, may possibly occur within our limits. Furthermore, several species are included in this list, which, while not yet taken within the limits of the county, have been captured in adjoining counties, and may be found here at any future time. When this is the case it is so stated in the reference to that species. Class REPTILIA. This class is represented in Allegheny County by three orders: Ophidia, Lacertilia, and Chelonia. Key To LocaL ORDERS OF REPTILIA. Limbs absent ; body elongated, and covered with scales ; teeth present. OPHIDIA (Snakes). Limbs four in number; body shorter, and covered with small scales ; teeth present. LACERTILIA ( Lizards). Limbs four in number, body short and broad ; no teeth present; ribs and vertebral column expanded to form a bony shell. CHELONIA (Turtles). Order Ophidia. Kry To LocaL FAMILIES OF ORDER OPHIDIA. Maxillary bones long ; no pit between the eye and nostril; no erectile fang in maxil- lary bone. COLUBRID. Maxillary bones short ; a pit between the eye and nostril ; an erectile fang in each maxillary bone. CROTALIDA. Family COLUBRID. This tamily is represented in Allegheny County by eleven genera, and includes all the non-poisonous snakes occurring in the State. Kry To LocaL GENERA OF COLUBRIDAE. A. Dorsal scales keeled. B. Anal plate divided. C. Loreal plate present. Scales in seventeen rows. CYCLOPHIS. Scales in twenty-seven rows, COLUBER, Scales in nineteen or twenty-three rows. NATRIX. ATKINSON: REPTILES OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 147 CC. Loreal plate absent. Scales in fifteen or seventeen rows. STORERIA. BB. Anal plate not divided. D, Loreal plate present. Scales in nineteen rows. EUTANIA. AA, Dorsal scales smooth. E. Anal plate divided. F. Nasal plate single. Scales in thirteen rows. CARPHOPHIOPS. Scales in fifteen rows. LIOPELTIS. FF. Nasal plates two in number. Scales in fifteen rows # back spotted. VIRGINIA. Scales in seventeen rows. ZAMENIS. Scales in fifteen rows; back blue, with a yellow ring around the neck. DIADOPHIS. EE. Anal plate not divided. H. Nasal plates two in number. Scales in twenty-one rows. OSCEOLA. Genus Carphophiops Gervais. 1. Carphophiops amenus (Say). Ground-snake. This species appears to be rare, or at least, it escapes observation. The writer has taken it once in Allegheny County, and once in Greene County. The ground-snake lives under logs and stones. It is said to eat insects. An earth-worm was taken from the stomach of a speci- men in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. ‘The length of this snake is about ten inches. Genus Virginia Baird and Girard. 2. Virginia valerie Baird and Girard. Spotted ground-snake. The writer took a specimen of this species at Wilkinsburg, June 19, 1899. ‘This is the only record for the occurrence of this snake in Western Pennsylvania. Its habits are said to be similar to those of Carphophiops amenus. The length of this specimen is eleven inches. Genus Zamenis Wagler. 3. Zaments constrictor (Linneus). Black racer. Occurs throughout the county, but not so commonly as the other black-snake, Coluber obsoletus, which is found in the woods, while this species occurs chiefly in the fields. This snake feeds on small mammals, birds, and batrachians ; one specimen had a weasel in its stomach. 148 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Size large ; one specimen killed near Wilkinsburg measured five feet and eleven inches in length ; form slender. Genus Diadophis Baird and Girard. 4. Diadophis punctatus (Linnzus). Ring-necked snake. This species is found occasionally in damp or mossy woods. About a dozen specimens of this species are in the Museum collection, com- — ing from various points in the county. The writer found ten eggs in a female specimen taken July 9, 1896. ‘The thickness of the shell enveloping these eggs would indicate that the species is oviparous. The ring-necked snake lives under stones and logs, from which hid- ing-places it emerges in the evenings to hunt. The food appears to be insects and worms: one specimen contained eight beetles, another an earth-worm. Length as much as twenty inches. Genus Liopeltis Cope. 5. Liopeltis vernalis (De Kay). Smooth-coated green-snake. This species has not yet been taken in Allegheny County, but the writer took a specimen at Stewart Station, P. R. R., on the borders of a small swamp, which is within one hundred yards of the Allegheny County line. In Fayette and Somerset Counties it is not a rare snake, occurring chiefly on the sides and tops of the mountains. The stom- ach of the specimen captured at Stewart Station contained three grass- hoppers. Its length is twelve and one-half inches. Genus Cyclophis Giinther. 6. Cyclophis estivus (Linneus). Rough-coated green-snake. A specimen of this species was captured near Carnegie, June 17, 1897. This is the.only record of this species for Allegheny County. This snake frequently climbs on bushes and vines. It is said to eat insects. The form is very slender ; length about two feet. Genus Storeria Baird and Girard. KeEyY TO LocAL SPECIES OF STORERIA. Scales in seventeen rows ; belly light-colored. dekayt, Scales in fifteen rows ; belly red. occtpito-maculata, 7. Storeria dekayt (Holbrook). De Kay’s snake. This species occurs chiefly.on hillsides in this locality, preferring the corners of rail-fences and brush-heaps. The stomachs of several specimens contained earth-worms and beetles. ATKINSON: REPTILES OF ALLEGHENY CouNTY. 149 At Erie this species is found on the lake-shore, hiding under drift- wood, and appears to be somewhat aquatic. It is one of the com- monest snakes along the shore, but is rarer in the interior. Size small, not over sixteen inches in length. 8. Storerta occtpito-maculata (Storer). Red-bellied brown-snake. This species is a rare snake in this locality. The writer took a specimen, nine inches long, near Wilkinsburg, September 7, 1899. Its habits are said to be like those of Storeria dekayt. Genus Coluber Linnzus. 9. Coluber obsoletus Say. Black-, or pilot-snake. A common snake in the woods. It is our largest snake. A speci- men killed at Verona measured six feet, seven inches in length. In captivity it feeds on mammals, birds, and batrachians. In the Museum collection are two sets of eggs of this species ; one containing twelve eggs, the other fourteen eggs. These eggs were re- moved from the snakes. ‘The writer found a set of twenty-one eggs of this species at the side of a stump, near Wilkinsburg, September 5, 1899. The eggs were buried about two inches deep in the soft earth on the south side of the stump: twelve of these eggs hatched out dur- ing the 15th, 16th and 17th of September, 1899. Genus NATRIX Laurenti. KEY TO LOCAL SPECIES OF NATRIX. Body striped longitudinally ; scales in nineteen rows. leberis. Body with color in blotches; scales in twenty-three rows. stpedon. Body with both stripes and blotches ; scales in nineteen rows. kirtlana). to. Watrix leberis (Linneus). Leather-, or striped water-snake. This is a very common snake, and is found along all of our streams, lying under stones and logs on the banks. It is a very gentle snake, and can scarcely be provoked to bite. ‘This is in strong contrast to Natrix sipedon, which will strike on the slightest provocation. In its stomach crayfish are most frequently found, also occasionally fish and small frogs. The length of adult specimens may reach thirty inches. The form is slender, I have found the young to number from six to twelve. They are born about September rst. t1. Matrix sipedon (Linneus). Spotted Water-snake. This species occurs about as commonly as Warrix /eberis, and in the Same situations. In fact it is not an unusual occurrence to find both 150 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. species under the same stone, or log, along the banks of any of our creeks, in which the water is not polluted to such an extent as to kill off the crustaceans, fish, and batrachians, on which these snakes feed. This snake, while absolutely non-poisonous, is very aggressive, and is greatly feared by many people, who confuse it with the moccasin, a poisonous snake, which does not occur in this State. Vatrix sipedon attains a length of four feet, and is of a heavy build. The writer has found the young to vary in number from eight to forty-six. The latter number was taken from a female forty-three inches in length. 12. Watrix kirtlandi (Kennicott). Kirtland’s Snake. This rare snake, unlike the other species of (Va/r7x, is found chiefly in the woods. ‘The writer took a specimen at Coraopolis, June 11, 1897. This is the only record of the capture of this snake in western Pennsylvania. The specimen was fourteen inches in length, of a docile nature, and it freely ate slugs in captivity. It contained six partially developed embryos, and, judging from the thinness of the surrounding membrane, the species must be oviparous. This species is not rare in some parts of Ohio. A collection made near Columbus by Richard Beale contained eleven specimens of this snake. Genus OSCEOLA Baird and Girard. Key To LocaL VARIETIES OF Osceola doliata (LINNAUS). a. Body with twenty-two to twenty-six pairs of black rings, inclosing an incomplete red ring, which extends to the edge of the ventral plates. Osceola doliata. 6. Body marked by quadrate blotches, arranged in one large dorsal row, which does not extend to the ventral plates, and two rows of smaller blotches just above the ends of the ventral plates. Osceola dohiata triangula. 13. Osceola dolata (Linneus). Milk-snake. Mr. Edward Davis collected a specimen of this species, in Lower St. Clair Township, during the summer of 1894. This is the only Western Pennsylvanian record for this snake. 14. Osceola doliata triangula (Boie). Milk-, or house-snake. It is found commonly, and owing to its bright colors, and sociable habits, is a much observed species. Mr. Omar T. Cruikshank of Wilkinsburg had a small specimen of this species, which he observed swallowing a young Watrix /eberis almost as long as itself. It is said to drink milk, but repeated attempts by the writer to in- duce it to do so in captivity have failed; mice being the only food ATKINSON: REPTILES OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 151 it would take. The house-snake sometimes reaches a length of four feet in this locality. It is oviparous. 26 = jet . 1B R A! 178 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. of 5.8 cm., while the epibranchials rarely exceed a centimetre and a-half in length, are very slight, and have their hinder ends prolonged by needle-like tips of cartilage, a condition which also obtains with the end of the second basibranchial or urohyal. A specimen of the Snowy Egret before me has the bony parts of the ear so well preserved that I am enabled to see the elliptical stapedial plate, and the delicate bony rod of the mediostapedial part of the ap- paratus. The sclerotal plates of the eye are elongated and rather nar- row, they average from thirteen to sixteen in Ardea herodias. Before entering upon the remainder of the axial skeleton, I will take this opportunity to further say that the tracheal rings also ossify as in other birds. Comparatively, the tube seems to be of small cali- bre, and I think one would rather be lead to look for a larger wind- pipe in so big a bird. : Of the Vertebral Column ; Ribs.—(Figs. 25, 26, and 27.) In the Great Blue Heron the a//as is not large, when taken in comparison with the size attained by other vertebrz in the column, as for in- stance the nineteenth. Its cup for the condyle is notched above, and on either side of the neural arch superiorly, the usual blunt processes are thrown backwards (Fig. 25). The axzs of this bird is a very irregular bone, and a difficult one to describe without resorting to tedious detail. For this reason I have added to my illustrations a figure presenting the appearance of this bone on direct lateral view. It will be seen that the ‘‘odontoid process ’’ is quite large, being perfectly flat above and convex below. ‘The cen- trum is deep ; thinned in its center by the lateral concavities, beneath which, its lower margin is carried by a gentle curve from the articular surface at one end to the articular surface of the other. An elongated neural crest adds another curvature to the bone above. ‘The facets of the post-zygapophyses face directly downwards, and the entire bone is much compressed from side to side. From the third to the sixth, the vertebre are much elongated ; their general pattern being seen on side view in Fig. 27. Along the median line of their neural arches above, these bones are thin and sharp. ‘Their several articular facets are so arranged that they only permit the head to be bent forward and back again. The neural canal in them is small and circular on section. ‘The ‘vertebral canal’’ is present in all, being longest in the third verte- bree and shortest in the sixth; owing to the manner in which the SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 179 parapophyses assert themselves. This is done by a foramen, which exists opposite the middle of the canal in its lateral wall; this elon- gates in the vertebrae from third to sixth, in a backward direction until it cuts through the hinder and outer margin of the vertebral canal of the sixth vertebra. Then a long pair of parapophyses is the result, they being very short and blunt in the third, fourth and fifth vertebrze, and only become sizable in the sixth when overtaken and developed by the advance and breaking through of the foramen in the manner indicated. A large covered ‘‘ carotid canal’’ is seen in the seventh to the thir- teenth cervical vertebre inclusive ; a slight deficiency taking place in the wall of the last, in the median line beneath (4. herodias). It is the most anterior part of each of these segments, and they are further characterized by being shorter and stouter than the last four described. The pneumatic foramina of these vertebree are chiefly within the neural canal, piercing its upper wall posteriorly. From the fourteenth to the seventeenth inclusive, these vertebra are gradually changing in form and character to resemble finally those of the dorsal region. The fifteenth is the first to show a high neural crest, with spreading dia- pophyses at the fore part of the vertebra, while the vertebrarterial canal increases in calibre, The neural crests or spines of the seventeenth and eighteenth are thick and long, and interlock with each other by an extensive joint. In the e¢ghteenth vertebra we observe for the first time a free pair of pleurapophyses, with very short bodies, but still articulating by tuber- cula and capitula. Professor Owen, in speaking of the movement of these vertebra of the cervical region upon one another, says: ‘‘’This mechanism is most readily seen in the long-necked waders which live on fish and seize their prey by darting the bill with sudden velocity into the water. In the common Heron, for example, (Avdea cinerea), the head can be bent forward on the atlas or first vertebra, the first upon the second in the same direction, and so on to the sixth, between which and the fifth the forward inflection is the greatest ; while in the opposite direc- tion these vertebrae can only be brought into a straight line. From the sixth cervical vertebra to the thirteenth the neck can only be bent backward; while in the opposite direction it is also arrested at a straight line ; from the fourteenth to the eighteenth the articular sur- faces again allow of the forward inflection, but also limit the opposite motion to the straight line.’’ (Anat. of Verts., Vol. 11, p. 39.) LSO ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This is precisely what I find in examining the same vertebre in the neck of Ardea herodias. It can best be studied in the neck of a fresh specimen from which the skin has been removed, with the skeleton of the neck of another individual at hand for comparison. The skeleton of the neck in WVycétcorax differs in many particulars from that of 4rzea; a number of these points only become evident after careful comparison, and will not be taken up in detail here. Others show a profound difference in organization, such as—the first pair of free pleurapophyses occurring on the seventeenth vertebrz in- stead of on the eighteenth as in Ardea, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth vertebrae are not elongated as in Ardea, but show the simple gradation in size down the cervical chain: finally, the inferior wall of the carotid canal is open in the last four vertebree through which it passes, in Vycfcorax, and only in the last in Ardea herodias. Returning to the nineteenth vertebra in the Great Blue Heron, we find that it has a high quadrate neural crest or spine which interlocks by a free joint with the one behind ; it sends down a pair of ribs that articulate with the sternum through the intervention of a pair of costal ribs. The metapophyses are short and stumpy, barely reaching be- yond the transverse processes. The bone has no descending hyapo- physis, though a line marks the longitudinal center of the centrum be- low. This fades away gradually on the remaining vertebre. A large pneumatic foramen pierces the bone, on either side, behind the trans- verse process, and the cavities to which they lead seem to occupy all parts of the bone. In the next four vertebrze we see but little change; they are all free elements ; the neural spines do not decrease any in height, but they become shorter from before, backwards, shortest of all in the twenty-third or the ast free vertebra, before we reach those united as one bone in the pelvis. Through this ‘‘ dorsal region’’ the neural canal of a Heron 1s strikingly small, even small in proportion with the size of the vertebra. ‘The transverse processes are narrower antero- posteriorly as we proceed backwards, but at the same time reach out further from the side of the vertebra As we proceed towards the pel- vis we note also that the facet for the head of the rib gradually ap- proaches the anterior part of the centrum of each vertebra, but finally does not quite reach the anterior margin of the side of the neural canal in the ultimate segment. A line joins this facet in each case, with the facet for the tubercle of the rib, which is at the outer pos- SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 181 terior angle of the diapophysis. On either side of the beam thus formed very large pneumatic openings are seen in these ultimate ver- tebra, and the trabeculae spanning the cavities within are plainly in view. Four pairs of haemapophyses articulate with the borders of the ster- num in all of the Herons that I have thus far examined ; the fifth pair not reaching this bone, but articulating with the hinder margins of the last sternal pair. ‘The slender pair of ribs that claim this last pair of heemapophyses articulate with the twenty-fourth vertebra and it is the first one that anchyloses to form a part of the pelvis. The last two pairs of vertebral ribs are without epipleural appendages, and even when these processes do occur on the ribs they are very weak and freely articulated with the border. Herons have very frail ribs at the best, a fact that strikes one the moment we examine the thoracic skeleton of one of these birds. The seventeenth vertebra having a small pair of free ribs in the Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, we find has a still longerand better de- veloped pair on the eighteenth in this species, and yet another free pair on the nineteenth. ‘These latter have epipleural appendages, although they do not meet the sternum by costal ribs below. ‘This gives three pairs of free ribs to Vycficorax ; four pairs, as in other Herons, that meet true sternal ribs; and a pair from the pelvis, to which is attached false floating ribs, or a pair of those that articulate with the hinder borders of the preceding sternal pair proper. In Ardea herodias and A. candidissima, the second pair of free ribs support epipleural appendages, low down on the bone. For the moment I must now be permitted to defer our further con- sideration of the vertebral column, until the sternum and pectoral arch have been disposed of. After that I will return to the examination of the pelvis and coccygeal vertebrze, upon the completion of which the appendicular skeleton will finally engage our attention. Of the Sternum.—(Figs. 7, 8, 9, 31, and 32.) Upon direct pec- toral view, the sternum of Ardea herodias is seen to be broader in front than it is behind ; this is due to the projection from the former end of the large costal processes on either side, or otherwise the bone on this aspect would have a nearly regular quadrilateral figure. The xiphoidal extremity is doubly notched—a broad triangular in- dentation deeply entering upon either side. ‘This gives rise to outer xiphoidal processes, each of which point directly backwards, and have simply rounded extremities. 182 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Evenly convex throughout, the sternal body shows but three pairs of lines upon this view—the pair of muscular lines of the pectoral Fic. 9. Below is an anterior view of the sternum of Ardea herodias, showing the decussation of the coracoidal grooves. Above, lifted from their position, are the coracoids with dotted line showing the extent to which they decussate. ‘The scapule are articulated above these, but the o: frevcu/a has been removed. Natural size, and the bones from the same specimen as Fig. 8. muscles ; the subcostal lines; and a pair, each one of which com- mences at the middle point of the inner border of the xiphoidal in- SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES, 183 deritation, to be carried forwards and inwards to the carina, meeting the hinder ends of the pectoral lines. Anteriorly, we are enabled to see the under side of the pointed manubrium, and the coracoidal beds, and gain some idea from the dis- similarity of the parts on the two sides of the former, of the method of decussation of the latter. The anterior third of the lateral margins of the body of the ster- num show also, upon this view, the little rounded elevations indicating the position of the articular facets for the hemapophyses. The keel fails to reach quite to the end of the sternal body behind, but is brought far up in front, commencing immediately beneath the manubrium. , Fic. 10. Right lateral view of the coracoid and scapula of Ardea herodias. Natural size from the specimen. Owing to the decussation of the coracoidal grooves, it depends upon which side of the sternum we view, as to how this part of the bone appears. In the drawing the right lateral view is presented, and in this particular specimen the coracoidal groove seems to have a deep triangular notch in it. Had we seen it the other way, the groove would appear as if it ran in one continuous belt around this anterior part of the bone. 184 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Upon this aspect, the manubrium is seen to project directly forward as a straight process. Below it, the anterior carinal margin is sharp, being concave forwards above, and straight below. ‘The carinal angle is rounded. Muscular lines are barely seen on the side of the keel, the surface here, as it is on the sternal body above it, smooth and polished, the bone becoming only slightly thicker anteriorly below the coracoidal beds. The keel is bounded inferiorly by an elegantly curved margin, ex- tending from the carinal angle to nearly the end of the sternum (Fig. 8). We are now better enabled to see the haemapophysial facets, with the deep concavities between each and its neighbor. As in so many birds, these interarticular cavities are the favorite sites of the pneumatic foramina, and they are seen to be numerous here, oc- cupying the bottoms of the pits. For the rest of the border behind, it is sharp and continuous with the upper border of the xiphoidal process, of which I also give a side view. As a whole, the costal process is triangular, with its apex at the summit of the bone. Seen directly from above the asymmetry of the two sides of the anterior border again becomes apparent, due to the method of articu- . lation of the coracoids. A rounded notch exists in the median line, flanked by a long facet on the right of it, and one, only half the size, on the left. The manubrium is now seen to be triangular, with its surface flat and smooth. Well within the anterior boundary of the body of the sternum, upon this superior aspect of the bone, we observe a single elliptical foramen of some size, situate in the median line, as is its major axis. This leads to cavities in the thickened part of the front of the carina, already alluded to in a paragraph above. From anterior border to xiphoidal extremity, and from summit of costal process to summit of costal process this sternum is one general, and by no means shallow, concavity. There are no interruptions of surface, and all these parts enter into the conformation of the basin. For the most part it is smooth, and it is only in front that the sur- face seems to be roughened by some peculiar little granulations. Fig. 9g being a direct anterior view of the sternum of this Heron, the decussation of the coracoidal grooves is now best seen. The right one, (the left in the drawing) being the lower anteriorly, and running out over the top of the manubrium, while the left one, being the higher, crossing it in front. SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 185 So far as I have examined, this is the method of decussation in each instance, i. e., the right hand groove being the one that passes over the superior manubrial surface. It is just possible that this crossing of the coracoids may have arisen in the habit of the ancestors of the present Herons, of passing con- stantly through very narrow places, as dense cane-brakes, or such other growths of analogous character, where they probably resorted Fig il. Fic. 11. Left lateral view of the furcula of Ardea herodias, Fic. 12. The same bone from in front. Natural size, and from the same skeleton as shown in figures 8, 9, and Io and others. and spent the major part of their time. There would undoubtedly be an effort made many times a day to compress the body and diminish its general bulk in a transverse direction, in such situations. Moreover, the coracoids (if arranged as in most birds) would consti- tute the principal obstruction to such compression ; and it certainly lessens the width of the bird’s body to have them crossed as they are in the Herons. If we commence sufficiently early in the life of the individual, bones and the normal position of bones may be altered 186 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. very materially by gradual pressure, differently applied ; then, why not, we ask, during the lapse of time, may not this result have been brought about in this way? Itis hard to say, for even if it has been, then what are we to say about its being absent in some of the Ralide, and present again in such forms as Polyborus chertway and several other Accipitres? I rarely see in any of the old-fashioned engrav- ings, representing with the appropriate surroundings below, the noble falcon striking his prey, the doomed Heron, in mid-air, that this peculiar and unique condition of the coracoids, present in both the Hawk and his quarry, does not come into my mind. Both are des- mognathous birds, yet it would hardly seem possible related through any such character as this, arisen however it may. Still we are begin- ning to catch glimpses of the affinities of the Herodiones, and mor- phology has much yet to bring to light in the premises. Fig. 9 shows these decussations of the coracoids very well, and the difference in width of the hinder and anterior parts of the bone, is well shown by the relative positions of the xiphoidal and costal processes ; the thick- ness of the front part of the carina now becomes evident, seen from this point of view. The coracoids and scapule which I have taken the opportunity to show above will be treated of under the head of the pectoral arch. At the lower and inner angles of the coracoids, the dotted line indicates the amount of decussation of these bones when 7” sz¢u in their grooves on the sternum. In 4. candidissima the sternum differs from that bone in Ardea herodias, as | have described it above, in only the most insig- nificant minor details; indeed, in all essential particulars, it is the veriest miniature of the latter bone. With Wycticorax, although the principal features of a Heron’s ster- num are still there, yet a comparison of Figs. 8 and 32 will show that the bone has departed somewhat from the type form as seen in Ardea. The keel is comparatively much deeper in front and slopes up far more rapidly behind; the manubrium bears a laterally compressed plate on its anterior extremity, which is as long as the part which cor- responds to the triangular portion in Ardea, Finally, the main pneumatic foramen, over the keel anteriorly, is very much larger. ‘This may contract more, however, in specimens other than the one I have in hand, and in any event is a character of very trivial importance. Of the Pectoral Arch.—Comparatively speaking the coracoid of SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES 187 the Great Blue Heron, is a large bone. Its sternal extremity is much spread out and quite thin and plate-like. Articular surfaces occur on both aspects of this end of the bone, for the fellow of the opposite side and the sternum. One would think, and naturally, that these ex- tremities of the coracoid would be quite unlike, from the fact that they cross each other in articulation, and are fitted in differently directed grooves on the sternum. Such, however, is not the case, for with the Fic. 13. Dorsal view of the pelvis of Ardea herodias. Natural size, and drawn by the author, as in the case of all the other figures, from the skeleton of the same specimen. sole d fference of a slight asymmetry of the articular facets, these bones are no more unlike than we find them in the majority of birds. The shaft of a coracoid is slender and somewhat laterally com- pressed, a compression that is extended to the head of the bone, where it becomes decidedly marked. The summit of the bone being capped with a tuberous crown which curls over mesiad, and extends backwards to merge into the glenoid cavity. This latter is ample and fully two- thirds of the surface is afforded by the coracoid. ‘The scapula process with the line of its articular surface at right angles to the long axes of both bones, is no larger than is just necessary to accommodate the head of the scapula. It never meets the furcula in any of the Herons that I have seen, and in all of these birds the bones of the pectoral arch are completely non-pneumatic. The coracoid of A. candidissima differs in no particular from the bone { have just described for Ardea herodias ; while though /Vyct- 188 _ ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. corax also agrees in this respect with these birds in the main, it differs in having the inner angle of the expanded sternal end of the righ¢ coracoid truncate, instead of being drawn out intoa point as the fellow of the opposite side is. ‘This is due to the fact that the groove on the sternum has that shape in the Yellow-Crowned Night Heron. The scapula among the Ardeine, generally, is a long narrow bone, with but a slight curvature from head to distal extremity. This latter is simply rounded off in 4. hevodias and in the Snowy Heron, but in- clined to be slightly truncate in Vycé?corax. In the Great Blue Heron the head of the scapula is compressed from above, downwards, and much expanded in a transverse direction. Mesially it curls up a little to preserve the contour of the ‘‘ tendinal canal,’’ while on the opposite Fic. 14. Right lateral view of the pelvis of 47dea herodias. Natural size from the specimen. side, it supports an oblique, elliptical articular facet, constituting one- third of the glenoid cavity. : Among the Herons the furcula, or the united clavicles, is a very interesting bone in one or two particulars. In figures 11 and 12 I present two views of this part of the pectoral arch of A. herodias, taken from a specimen in my own collection, it being the same individual from which all the drawings were made which illustrate this species. I would do this, even ifa hundred skeletons of the same species were at my command, as it is better in many re- spects. One of the chief reasons is that each skeleton, even among birds, has its own individuality, and ought to furnish all the figures if possible in any type monographed. The head of the c/avic/e in this Heron is tuberous, rather thickened, and evenly rounded off at its end. When articulated with the other bones of the arch, its superior border, SHUFELDT : OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 189 quite close to this extremity, rests against the under side of the pro- jecting summit of the mesial aspect of the coracoid. The rounded end of the furcula, from this point, reaches back a sufficient distance to barely escape touching the mesial and up-curled side of the scap- ular head, that to all intents closes the tendinal canal by bony walls ; its complete closure is really effected by the short ligament that holds these two bones 77 s/fu at this, their nearest point of approach. In some birds, as for instance certain diurnal Raptores, the canal is closed by the head of the furcula reaching the tip of the clavicular process of the coracoid. From the head of the-bone to the hypocleidium a gradual reduction in size takes place, while the lateral compression is sustained throughout, at any rate within a short distance from the latter part. Now the hypocleidium of the clavicles in Ardea herodias, as in other Herons, consists of both an inferior and a superior process (Figs. 11 and 12), both being in the same line. In our present subject the upper one is the larger of the two, while their common surface an- teriorly is smooth and flat. Behind, it is rounded and marked by a longitudinal raised line. This latter feature in Vycticorax is raised to the rank of a well-developed crest, and the lower process in this bird, equals the upper in length, and as a whole is comparatively slenderer (Fig. 33). . Figure 34 gives a three-quartering view of the furcula of my speci- men of 4. candidissima. It will be observed that it differs in no im- portant particular from Avdea, though the anterior surface of the lower process of the hypocleidium is longitudinally grooved, a feature which, by the way, I neglected to say, is faintly indicated in the latter Heron. A glance at any of the figures representing this bone in the Ardea, is sufficient to satisfy one that it isa very different affair from the corresponding part of the pectoral arch in such forms as Suda, Phala- crocorax, or Pelecanus. In these latter types the united clavicles arch backwards to meet the carinal angle of the sternum, here to articu- late with it, or even as in 7Zachypetes and very old Cormorants to anchylose with it. The lower part of the furcula in Herons, is, on the other hand, turned forwards from the sternum, assuming a curve not often seen among birds. Anatomists have termed the clavicular head in birds, the epiclei- dium, and this end of the bone, according to Professor Parker, ossifies 190 . ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. as a separate piece in some forms, notably the Passerine birds, and may be compared with the pro-coracoid of reptiles. Not having a young, or rather a sufficiently young enough Heron, at hand, I am unable to investigate the pectoral arch with the view of ascertaining how the development proceeds in the case of the forms under con- sideration. Professor Owen, in calling attention to the relation between the hypo- cleidium of the clavicles and the carinal angle of the sternum, in other birds says: ‘‘ The process itself reaches the sternum and is anchylosed therewith in the Pelicans, Cormorants, Grebes, Petrels, Frigate- bird, and Tropic-bird, also in the Gigantic Crane, and the Storks in general.’’ I am compelled to take this statement with a little caution—as it does not always anchylose in the Cormorants, fails to do so ina number of the Podicipidide, as in Clark’s Grebe ; and, so far as I am aware, rarely in the Procellariid@ ; I have one or two ex- ceptions before me ; the least tendency to form such a union being seen in the Grey Fork-Tailed Petrel, ( Oceanodroma furcata). In all of these forms, however, the hypocleidium is in more or less intimate relation with the anterior border of the keel of the sternum. I have examples where the closeness of the contact is very intimate and requires special investigation to determine whether true anchylosis really exists or not. ‘This is so even in Oceanodroma and Colymbus sometimes. I have several skeletons of the former before me, but I have figured one where it was the least so. No doubt these facts ac- companied by the lack of good material led Professor Owen to make the above statement. It holds good for our United States Gruzde, as Grus canadensis, and G. americanus, but not for Aramus. Of the Pelvis and Coccygeal Vertebre.—Many years ago I made a number of anatomical drawings for Professor Coues, these now illustrate his admirable ‘‘ Key to North American Birds,’’ 2nd Edi- tion, Among these drawings I figured the under view of the pel- vis of A. herodias, the bone now to be described. It is figure 60, in the work cited and as the present memoir contains two other views of this pelvis (Figs. 13 and 14) I have intentionally drawn them from the same specimen, which I was so fortunate as to still have by me. The twenty-fourth vertebra of the spinal column of this heron is the anterior one of the series that becomes incorporated by complete anchylosis with those neighboring bones which go to form the pel- SHUFELDT : vis. Indeed, so far as I have been able to examine, it is this vertebra throughout the 47- deine that holds this _ place. (See Fig. 14 zs.) This fwenty-fourth vertebra possesses a pair of free ribs which have already been de- scribed above ; its neural spine is continuous with the com- crest of the mon median others behind; and its broad diapophyses meet the under side of the ilia, on either side, As in the remainder of the pelvic to anchyloes with them. series of vertebra, this bone is highly pneumatic, the for- amina entering the bones much in the same manner as we found them doing in the dorsal region. The next four vertebrz be- hind the twenty-fourth, or the twenty-fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, throw up apophysial ab- utments against the iliac walls, to completely fuse with them. After we pass the twenty- eighth we suddenly meet the pelvic basin proper which is here deep and ample; the ap- ophyses of the three next suc- the and ceeding vertebrz, or twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first are thrown so di- rectly upwards against the pelvic seen on direct ventral aspect. OSTEOLOGY OF HERODIONES. 19] THE Fic. 14 dzs. pelvis of Ardea her dias. The ventral aspect of the By the author, and Z7/, ilium ; Js, ischium ; P, post-pubic style ; 0/, obturator natural size from the specimen. foramen ; ac, external aperture of acetabulum (indicated by arrow entering it). @/, dorso- lumbar vertebrze; sc, sacral vertebre; ws, uro:sacral vertebrae (probably six of them). bones, that they can not be This is the region of the greatest enlargement of the neural canal, and also the bones through which 192 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Various bones from the neck and the right upper and lower extremities of Ardea herodias. All from the same specimen, and natural size. Fic. 15. Proximal extremity, right lateral view of the tarso-metatarsus. Fic. 16. Same bone from above. Fic. 17. Fic. 18. Same extremity seen from below. Same bone, anterior aspect of distal extremity. Fic. 19. Proximal end of fibula seen from above. Fic, 20." Outer aspect of fibula. Fic. 21. Proximal end of tibia, viewed from above. Fic. 22, Proximal extremity of carpo-metacarpus, inner view. Fic, 23. Anterior aspect, proximal third of tibia. Fic. 24. The distal extremity of the same bone, anterior view. Fic. 25. Left lateral aspect of atlas. Fic. 26. Same view of the axis. Fic. 27. Same view of the sixth cervical vertebra. 2 1) SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 193 it passes are here more massive in order to contain that part of the cord from which the sacral plexus emanates. ‘The foramina from which they issue, on either side, are double, being placed one above another. ‘This obtains also in at least four of the vertebrie beyond these and one other behind, making eight in all whose sides are pierced by these double foramina. Apophysial abutments are again thrown out to anchylosé with the pelvic bones above them, by the thirty-second to the thirty-seventh vertebre inclusive. ‘The longest pair of these come from the thirty- second vertebra, and thereafter grow gradually shorter as we proceed backwards. The ‘‘ brim of the pelvic basin’ the thirty-sixth vertebra posteriorly, while anteriorly it merges with the posterior border of the transverse processes of the twenty-eighth. This boundary has a rounded and well-defined border in the Great Blue Heron, and is more or less determinable in the majority of birds. When viewed from above, this bone presents a strikingly smooth and unbroken superficies—it is scarcely marked by either crests or ridges, ? is continuous with the processes of and in my specimen only two pairs of inter-apophysial foramina are seen, these being between the last two vertebra. Anteriorly, in the median line, the neural spine of the twenty-fourth vertebra is observed to project as a tuberous and notched process. For some little distance back of this, the ilia meet on either side of this common neural crest sealing over the ilio-neural grooves and mak- ing one rounded summit for this part of the bone. The anterior margins of the ilia are notched and scalloped, and bordered by a somewhat deep and slightly raised emargination. Where ~ these bones are broadest in front, the .lateral edges are quite sharp, but as the pelvis contracts in width as we near the acetabula they be- come rounded and smooth. ‘The iliac surface, on either side, thus bounded, is at first directed upwards and outwards, but as it approaches either acetabulum, this surface gradually comes to look almost directly outwards. Ilio-neural grooves exist between the anterior forks of the gluteal ridges for some little distance, before these latter and well defined crests are lost anteriorly (Fig. 13). Few traces or markings are left upon the inner margins of the postacetabular surfaces to define the boundaries which originally existed between the vertebra and the iliac bones; they are best seen behind. For the most part though, the pelvic roof has become in 13 194 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the adult one unbroken surface—a very smooth and firmly-ossified tract. The outer angles of the gluteal ridges are rounded and project im- mediately over the antitrochanter on either side, from which point each ridge runs almost directly backwards to the hinder margin of the bone. This latter, as a whole, is concave towards the posterior aspect, and from its outer angles the curved and inturned pubic bones may be seen pointing towards each other, their tips some two centimeters apart. + Only a limited part of the surface of either ischium can be discerned from this superior view, as these bones behind are nearly at right angles with the overhanging ilia. Among all the 47¢ée:n@ that I have had the opportunity to examine, the post-acetabular surface is about equal in extent with the pre-ace- tabular area. In the former the general surface is convex, while in the latter it is concave; the boundary between them I place, in common with Owen, at the line of the gluteal ridge. The post-acetabular sur- face slopes downwards from a line joining the outer gluteal angles ; the amount of which declination can best be appreciated by a glance at my figure of the side view of this pelvic bone (Fig. 14). Fic. ¥3 year’? (July). Natural size from a Louisiana specimen coll ected by the author. 8. Right lateral view of the skull of Mycticorax violaceus, ‘bird of the Upon lateral aspect the centra of the leading vertebrae may be seen below the eaves of the iliac roof, and some idea gained of the mass- iveness of the osseous column upon which the pelvis of this Heron is built. The acetabulum is large and circular, with its floor more than usually deficient, the inner ring nearly equalling in size the outer, while the SHUFELDT : OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 195 anti-trochanterian articular surface is carried by them both:as it passes inwards. Externally this facet looks downwards and only slightly outwards. The ¢schiadtc foramen is large and subelliptical, its major axis being parallel to the line of the outer border of the post-acetabular surface, which here arches over it. Posterior to this foramen, the broad part of the ischium is roughly quadrilateral in outline, and for the most part smooth and slightly concave. It is nearly at right angles with the iliac surface above it. In this Heron the odtuvator foramen is far from complete or deserving the name of a foramen. Nearly its entire posterior arc is deficient, and the opening thus created leads into the obturator space, which latter is found beneath the entire lower margin of the ischium, being broadest in front and gradually tapering off behind (Fig. 14). Ardeaherodias has a blade-like pubis of nearly an equal width through- out, though it is rather wider behind after it passes the ischium and curves mesiad towards its fellow. Just before it does this it is slightly overlapped by the lower and posterior angle of that bone, or else meets it in a single point of tangency, or, as in the figure, does not quite come in contact with it. Quite a large pneumatic foramen is found beneath the projection of each ilium immediately behind the anti-trochanter. The vertebral column may be seen in part through the apertures afforded by the acetabulum and ischiadic toramen upon this lateral view. Except at its sacral dilatation, the neural canal as it passes through the vertebree of the pelvis is small ; it will be remembered that we found it quite so in the dorsal region also. My specimen of the pelvis, taken from the skeleton of .47/ea can- didisima (a bird of the year) although thoroughly herodine in all of its salient points, it still differs in some of its minor details from the same bone in 4rdea herodias. A careful count shows that an equal number of vertebrz are anchylosed together to form the central mass for the support of the pelvic arch—fourteen in each case, 7. ¢., the twenty-fourth to the thirty-seventh inclusive. ‘This obtains also in the Yellow-crowned Night Heron, and in both these birds the brim of the pelvic basin departs from and arrives at identically the same seg- ments as described for Ardea. In A. candidissima, the ilia do not overreach the twenty-fourth ver- tebra although otherwise these bones are comparatively longer and nar- “= ~ J 196 ANNALS OF 'THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. rower than in A. herodias. A greater number of inter-apophysial for- amjna pierce in double rows the middle area in this Heron ; these, however, may be obliterated in older birds. Nycticorax also possesses a true heron’s pelvis, and so far as this bone is concerned the differences between it and the pelvis of Ardea herodias are of so trivial a nature as scarcely to be noticed on first sight. The principal onesare these: in Vycficorax the gluteal ridges and outer angles are not nearly so prominent ; a greater number of inter-apophysial foramina exists upon the dorsal aspect ; the last ver- tebra, the thirty-eighth of the spinal column, anchyloses with the sacrum, although it projects entirely beyond the pelvis, this one cor- responding to the first of the free coccygeal series in A. herodias ; the hinder ends of the ischiaare cut squarely across and do not apparently project beyond the ilia; and finally, the obturator foramen is more nearly entire. I find seven freely articulated coccygeal vertebra in Ardea herodias and apygostyle. A. candidissima shows but six, and the pygostyle, but it may be possible that one of these vertebrae has by some accident been lost in my specimen. Wesaw above in WVycticorax, how, in that Heron the first one of the series anchylosed with the pelvis, both by its centrum and by the antero-external angles of its diapophyses. These seven vertebrae in the Great Blue Heron are non-pneumatic, and all but the last three entirely devoid of hypopophyses, and it may be absent on the first of these. The first five have broad flaring diapophyses, which are entirely aborted in the last segment, and only barely apparent in the one that precedes it. In caliber, the neural canal is larger than we would be led to expect from the size of that tube as it appears in the last uro-sacral vertebra of the pelvis. The neural spines are bifid and subcompressed, while the form of the anterior and posterior articular surfaces of the centra are transverse and flattened ellipses. Herons being birds with short, weak tails, composed of but a few feathers, we naturally find a correspondingly feebly-developed pygo- style. In Ardea this bone has projecting from its lower anterior angle a process nearly as long as half the bone itself. It represents the hypo- pophysis of the leading vertebra that was absorbed to form, with prob- SHUFELDT: OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 197 ably several others, this compound bone. Very faint traces of another such a process may be seen marking its side farther back, and above it the barest hint of the centrum of the corresponding vertebra. For the rest, the pygostyle is an irregular, quadrilateral plate, less than a centimeter deep, and a little more than one long, measured on its longest diameter. It hasa round, thickened posterior margin, and its upper and lower edges are sharpened. A pit marks the flat anterior Fic. 29. Superior view of the skull of Mycticorax violaceus, juv. Natural size, and the same specimen as shown in Fig. 30, Drawn by the author. surface, which continues for a short distance into the substance of the bone, the neural canal of the caudal vertebrae. Other Herons have the pygostyle rather differently fashioned from this, though in each instance the leading features are present. Fic. 30. Superior view of the mandible of Mycticorax violaceus, Drawn by the author, natural size from the specimen. From the same skeleton as Figs. 28 and 29. Of the Appendicular Skeleton. The Pectoral Limb: Ardea herodias has a highly pneumatic Awmerus, which in the well prepared skeleton is a snowy-white, and for its size a wonderfully light bone. The pneumatic aperture is of small dimensions, it being a sub-elliptical Opening at the usual site for this orifice in birds. It differs some- 198 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. what, however, in lying in the same plane with the general humeral surface, below the ulnar crest, and not being situated at the base of a pneumatic fossa, in which several openings are usually seen leading to the hollow shaft of the bone. From radial to ulnar side the prox- imal enlargement of the humerus is not nearly as great as we find it in many others of the Class. At its summit there is an oval, convex facet for the glenoid cavity. ‘This is separated from the ulnar crest by a deep intervening valley, which appears all the deeper from the great prominence attained by the former. The radial crest is, on the other hand, quite low, and not unusually developed. It extends down the shaft only to the point where the latter commences to assume the cylindrical form. On the palmar aspect of the proximal end of the humerus we have a well-defined trench extending across the bone, just behind the ulnar crest and glenoid head. Another, fainter one, though pretty well marked in the direction of the shaft, marks out the boundaries of a convex, sub-oval and flattened space, on the lowermost side of the palmar aspect of the proximal end of the bone, which is present in some form or another in this place on the humerus, in a number of the Class. The shaft for the greater share of its length is cylindrical and smooth ; the sigmoid curves it presents in the majority of birds are here well marked. ‘The distal extremity is dilated in the same plane nearly with the proximal end, to give space for the guidance of muscular tendons on the anconal side, which there pass over grooves marking the bone, as well as affording the necessary breadth to support the ulnar and radial tubercles on the palmar side. Above the latter is seen a long, subelliptical depression, running obliquely up from this dilated portion to a point where the shaft begins to assume the cylindrical form. The radius is a non-pneumatic bone, and like all bones of this character, in the ordinarily prepared skeleton becomes yellow, dark and greasy, owing to the oily constituents of the contents of the shaft gradually oozing through its walls. This bone, in common with its companion in the anti-brachium, is considerably longer than the humerus. From proximal to. distal extremity its shaft is much bowed in the palmar direction. The proximal end is comparatively little enlarged ; it presents the usual subelliptical facet for the humeral tubercle of the bone of the brachium, Qn its end, and shaft-wise, the ulnar facet is presented for our examination. SHUFELDT : OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERODIONES. 199 For its length and the general size of the bird, the shaft of the radius is quite slender. In form it is subtrihedral with the salient angles rounded off. Usually the w/na is quite straight, or has only a slight degree of curvature, but in the present subject it is bowed nearly as much as the radius and very much in the same way. It is hardly necessary to say that in common with the radius and the skeleton of the pinion, that it is likewise found to bea perfectly non-pneumatic bone. Its shaft is about two and a half times the size of the radius, but instead of being subtrihedral in form, it is nearly cylindrical. Two rows of quill-knobs are distinctly seen upon its length, one on the ulnar and one on the palmar aspect; the former being the more strongly marked. The shaft decreases in size gradually from the proximal to the dis- tal end, very imperceptibly from the middle of the bone on. } re) an Tensnnh SHO re v moe a * a Jn ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. |. 518 import the Un before for Aug 1774- The 2G, ny? more, of Aug with a of the nongat magisti The ritory 1 Hill m River s morela countie The Februa Conno. Vallan and oc where quite a the pri once 1 not on cers, é Monor establi: ‘Town, two di On ruary : morelz duties CRUMRINE: PENNSYLVANIA BOUNDARY CONTROVERSY. 519 about three months, vainly endeavoring to obtain a release. ‘The Governor and Council of Pennsylvania were probably engaged in the consideration of affairs of a most auspicious nature ; but, in the latter part of June, 1775, the sheriff of Westmoreland county, aided by a posse of effective strength, proceeded to Pittsburgh and set the two justices at large, taking Dr. John Connolly with him to Hanna’s town ; and on the records of the Westmoreland county court, July Term, 1775, there is found an action of Capias in Case, indicating an arrest for damages, brought by ‘‘ Robert Hanna, Esq. v. John Connolly.”’ THE REVOLUTION. This case, however, was never brought to trial; for public affairs had taken on a new aspect. Our settlers for a time ceased to fight each other, but stood together expectant looking for a contest with the trained forces of the mother country. On April 19, 1775, Lexington and Concord became noted names of history. The astounding news from those villages had scarcely reached the Monongahela valley, when public meetings were held on the same day, to wit, May 16, 1775, both at Hanna’s Town and Pittsburgh. At Hanna’s Town the Pennsylvania adherents assembled; at Pittsburgh, the Virginia partisans. Each meeting passed a set of resolutions with equally forcible approval of the armed resistance to the invasion of Ameri- can rights by the English government, and equally urging united action by force of arms successfully to sustain that resistance. We may call these sets of resolutions, adopted on the same day by the separate adherents of two colonial jurisdictions, the Monongahela Declaration of Independence. ‘They antedate more than a year the Declaration of Independence adopted and read to the people at Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, and they antedate the celebrated Mecklenburg Reso- lutions of North Carolina by four days. All honor to the Mononga- hela valley ! A portion of the resolutions of the Westmoreland county meeting is worthy of being copied : ‘‘ Resolved, unanimously, That there is no reason to doubt but the same system of tyranny and oppression [referring to the oppressive measures of the British government] will (should it meet with success in Massachusetts Bay) be extended to other parts of America; it is therefore the indispensable duty of every American, of every man who has any public virtue or love for his country, or any bowells for pos- 520 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. terity, by every means which God has put in his power, to resist and oppose the execution of it; that for us we will be ready to oppose it with our lives and fortunes.’ The spirit of the Revolution being abroad, the Monongahela and Ohio are soon rid of both John Connolly and his illustrious chief, Lord Dunmore. Dunmore became alarmed for his own safety and re- moved his family aboard the ‘‘ Fowey,’’ a British man-of-war in the Chesapeake. Connolly, soon after his release by the Westmoreland authorities was sent to General Gage commanding the British forces at Boston. General Gage returned him to Lord Dunmore, who granted him a commission as lieutenant-colonel of a regiment to be ’ raised in the ‘‘ back parts’’ and Canada, which meant, to be composed of Indians. While on his way to Detroit with his commission and in- structions, he was captured by the American forces at Hagerstown, Md., when he was turned over to Congress and held a prisoner until 1780-81, and was then exchanged. After the Revolution he seems to have settled in Canada; subsequently he published in London his ‘‘Narrative’’ of his life and public acts, a copy of which was pur- chased of late years for a large sum of money and is now in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. It has been reprinted in the pages of the Pennsylvania Magazine of History. But the Virginians and Pennsylvanians on the Monongahela and Ohio fought side by side under the Stars and Stripes ; for it will not do to suppose that only the people of the east fought with the British lion. At least two full Pennsylvania regiments were raised west of the moun- tains and served in the battles of the east, a fact to be remembered by the local historian. DIVISION OF WEST AUGUSTA. The Revolution after July 4, 1776, was a fact accomplished, though its success was still in the dark future. Pennsylvania from a prov- ince, and Virginia from a crown colony, had both become inde- pendent states in the new American confederacy. And in October, 1776, the District of West Augusta, by an enactment of the General Assembly of Virginia, was divided into three new counties, Ohio, Yohogania, and Monongalia. For a short while before this division, the courts of West Augusta were transferred to Augusta Town, a mile west of Washington, Pa. At that place the courts were held Sep- tember 17, 18, and November 19, 20, 1776. ‘The new division then took effect. All three of the new counties came together at Catfish CRUMRINE: PENNSYLVANIA BOUNDARY CONTROVERSY. 521 Camp, now Washington. The courts of Ohio county were held at Black’s Cabin, on Short Creek, now West Liberty, West Virginia ; those for Monongalia county on the farm of Theophilus Phillips about two miles above New Geneva, in what is now Fayette county ; while the courts of Yohogania were held on the farm of Andrew Heath, a mile. or so above West Elizabeth in what is now Allegheny county. The courts of this county continued to be held regularly for the dis- patch of business, civil and criminal and there was much of it, until August 28, 1780, when it was ‘‘ Ordered that Court adjourn till Court in course.’’ ‘There was no court in course, for an agreement had been entered into for the running of the boundary between the two states on a line that would blot out Yohogania county forever. ADJUSTMENT OF THE BOUNDARY LINE. As has been stated, during the War of the Revolution the Pennsyl- vania and Virginia adherents on the Monongahela and Ohio ceased to fight each other, and not only sent more than two regiments of yeo- menry to join with the continentals in the battles in the east, but they were obliged at the same time to provide for the protection of their families from the hostile incursions of the savage allies of the British in the west. Yet the boundary controversy was not yet determined. On December 18, 1776, both houses of the General Assembly of Vir- ginia passed a resolution that it was expedient and wise to remove as much as possible all causes of future controversy ; and ‘‘ to quiet the minds of the people that may be affected thereby, and to take from our common enemies an opportunity of fomenting mutual distrust and jealousy, the commonwealth ought to offer such reasonable terms of accommodation, (even if the loss of some territory is incurred thereby ), as may be cordially accepted by our sister State, and an end put to all future dispute by a firm and permanent agreement and settlement.”’ The resolutions then proceeded to authorize the Virginia delegates in Congress to propose to Pennsylvania that a line be drawn from the Maryland corner on Mason and Dixon’s line due north to parallel of latitude 40°, and thence the southern boundary of Pennsylvania was to be run full five degrees of longitude west from the Delaware River, and from the end of that line the western boundary should be run corre- sponding with the meanderings of the Delaware River on the eastern boundary. This line would have given to Virginia a large part of what is now Fayette county, all of Greene county, and quite a portion ~ 522 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. of Washington and of other counties to the north of it. Of course Pennsylvania could not accept this offer, though during 1777 and 1778 negotiations were made through the Virginia delegates; with such little interest, however, that the papers became lost. It appears that early in 1779, just when is not now known, both States appointed commissioners to deal with the subject, and these commissioners — George Bryan, John Ewing and David Rittenhouse on the part of Pennsylvania, and Rev. James Madison, Rev. Robert Andrews and Thomas Lewis on the part of Virginia — met at Balti- more on August 27, 1779. ‘The proceedings at this meeting were in writing, were reported to the Assemblies of the respective States, and may be found in Henning’s Statutes of Virginia, Vol. X., p. 119. A final agreement was reached and put in writing on August 31, 1779. It was very simple in its terms, for a matter so long contested and of such magnitude. It was as follows : ‘*'To extend Mason and Dixon’s line due west five degrees of longi- tude, to be computed from the river Delaware, for the southern boun- dary of Pennsylvania; and that a meridian drawn from the western extremity thereof to the northern line of said State be the western line of said State forever.”’ This Baltimore agreement was ratified and finally confirmed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly on November 19, 1779. Virginia, however, held back, and whether from a dissatisfaction with the boun- dary as recommended by the commissioners or with an intention of benefiting her whilom adherents in the Monongahela valley, her Assembly had no action on the subject until the following summer. And what occurred in the meantime ? The General Assembly of Virginia, in May, 1779, passed an act ‘‘for the adjusting and settling titles of claimants to unpatented rer | lands’’ upon the western waters, creating districts, with four commis- sioners to each, to hear proofs of settlement rights and grant certificates to claimants. The commissioners for Ohio, Monongalia and Yohoga- nia counties were Francis Peyton, Philip Pendleton, Joseph Holmes and George Merriweather. All this before the Baltimore conference. But after the Baltimore agreement, and before its ratification by the Gen- eral Assembly of Virginia, these commissioners met at Cox’s Fort, in Washington county, near the Monongahela River, above Elizabeth, and at other points, and granted hundreds of certificates to claimants under so-called, aie Virginia settlement rights. These ‘‘ Virginia Certificates, CRUMRINE : PENNSYLVANIA BOUNDARY CONTROVERSY. pve afterwards formed the basis of a very large portion of the land titles of Washington county. Gen. Washington’s title to over a thousand acres in Mount Pleasant township, Washington county, was based upon Virginia certificates. This act of sovereignty, before Virginia's ratifi- cation of the Baltimore agreement, raised a storm of indignation among the Pennsylvania adherents, and again some forcible but polite cor- respondence and negotiations resulted. The two States seemed about to resort to arms again to bring about an adjustment. ‘The end of the contest, however, approached gradually, and on July 1, 1780, the Senate of Virginia passed an act of the Lower House which confirmed the Baltimore agreement ‘‘on condition that the private property and rights of all persons acquired under, founded on, or recognized by the laws of either country previous to the date hereof, be saved and con- firmed to them,’’ etc.; and Pennsylvania was then prepared, for the sake of an end to the controversy, to yield even to the humiliating conditions proposed, and on September 23, 1780, her General Assem- bly, protesting against the conditions, accepted and fully ratified ‘‘ the said recited conditions, and the Boundary Line formed thereupon.’’ RUNNING OF THE BOUNDARY LINE. It only remained to run and mark the line on the ground. Wash- ington county was erected by an act of assembly passed on March 28, 1781, embracing all the land lying south of the Monongahela, to the southern boundary. But on June 3, 1781, only a temporary line was run. Troubles had ensued resulting in ‘‘ Obstructions’’ producing ‘* Anarchy and Confusion.’’ Such terms as ‘‘ Villanous Banditti’’ were of frequent use on either side, and letters in the State Archives are full of them. There was still much anxiety for the final establish- ment of the two boundaries. In the spring of 1782 occurred the Indian raids into Washington county, followed by the slaughter of the peaceful Moravian Indians in the Ohio towns by Col. David Williamson’s command, and the Craw- ford expedition against the Sandusky Indians, resulting in the burning of Col. Wm. Crawford at the stake. The times were almost as cloudy as ever. But in 1783, the authorities of each state appointed four commissioners to run and mark the permanent boundary. Rev. John Ewing, David Rittenhouse, John Lukens and Thomas Hutchins were appointed by Pennsylvania. By Virginia, Rev. James Madison, Rev. Robert Andrews, John Page and Thomas Lewis were appointed. June 1, 1784, was the time set for beginning the work. An _ interest- 524 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ing report of the running of Mason and Dixon’s line to the western extremity thereof, dated December 23, 1784, will be found in the Penn- sylvania Archives, Vol. X., p. 375. The meridian line itself from the southwest corner of the state, was finally run and marked, by David Rittenhouse and Andrew Porter, on the part of Pennsylvania, and Andrew Ellicott and Joseph Neville on the part of Virginia, on August 23, 1785." For the Pennsylvania commissioners and their assistants, in order to insure the prompt and effective performance of their work, there was made the liberal provision of sixty gallons of spirits, twenty gallons brandy, and forty gallons of Madeira wine. And thus was the matter ended. The original record or minute book of the old Virginia court, held for the District of West Augusta, first at Fort Dunmore, at Pittsburgh, afterwards on the late Gabby farm about a mile southwest of what is now the Borough of Washington, will now be presented, to be followed in a subsequent issue by the records of the court for Yohogania county (after the division of the District of West Augusta into the three new Virginia counties), held on the farm then owned by Andrew Heath near what is now West Elizabeth, in Allegheny county. These minute books belong to the Washington County Historical Society at Washington, Pa. Those of the old court of Monongalia county, held at the house of Theophilus Phillips on George’s Creek, Fayette county, were destroyed on the burning of the court-house at Morgantown in 1796; while those of the old court of Ohio county should be found at Wheeling, W. Va. Copies of the records as printed in these ANNALS will go into the hands of persons familiar with the local history of southwestern Penn- sylvania, who are requested to aid in identifying and locating the indi- viduals and places referred to in them, for future publication. 9 Colonial Records, Vol. XIV., p. 6553; Vol. XV., p. 38. Plate XXVIII. ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. i Perey re sy \ | _ semen es -seeue . —é¢o 2 ree WINTOUMIA GNY VINYATAS gress? meant 4 Yi/ . ) re ’ LN 6 -NNA3d N3SZAAL3B ASHBADYINOD (48 S : a . Wi Gwowtaaeg AMVONNOB 3HL ONILWBLSATI ~~ ; f is “ g ~ a d Ve ‘a VIN anitt ve i. ‘ : s \e ‘ e * 2 ‘ ee be Ne a ees fe os RD 51 | Seana Son 7 wns : | : ' : i NOK vvneeraswvng ; *® Oveosaag L3SVANOS ; ot ‘wWeasvonw e « : NS syainuvg i { . fo] ’ / ao ONVIIYOW 1S IM ‘ONGgensay yy oe \ J © > z °@ “NY@MOW ( ae UTE cons 0e ae ee a rae os ae eee me ae . aa oe iL, ae : nel Rees oY x=] . XXI. MINUTE BOOK OF THE VIRGINIA COURT HELD AT FORT DUNMORE (PITTSBURGH) FOR THE DIS— DRIGE OP WEST AUGUSTA. 1775—17 76. EDITED BY BoyD CRUMRINE, OF WASHINGTON, Pa. [Nore: In copying these minutes no portions will be omitted, save certain lists, here and there, containing the names of cases called and unintelligible memoranda concerning them, with nothing to iden- tify the parties, the causes of action, or the localities whence they came. | [THE FORMAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT. | cr) His Majesties Writ for adjorning the County Court of Au- gusta from the Town of Staunton to Fort Dunmore, and with a new Commission of the Peace and Dedimus and a Commission of Oyer and Terminer and Dedimus from under the hand of John, Earl of Dunmore, his Majesties Lieutenant and Governor in chief, bearing date the Sixth day of December One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy four, directed to Silas Hart, James Lockhart, John Dickinson, John Christian, Daniel Smith, Archibald Alexander, John Poage, Felix Gilbert, Abraham Smith, Samuel McDowell, George Moffett, Sampson Mathews, Alexander McClenachan, William Bowyer, Matthew Harrison, George Mathews, Michael Bowyer, Alexander Robertson, John Gratton, John Hays, Thos. Hugart, James Craig, Elijah McClenachan, John Frogg, Jonah Davidson, William Tees, John Skidmore, George Croghan, John Camp- bell, John Connolly, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, Daw- sey Penticost, John Gibson, William Crawford, John Steph- enson, John McCullough, John Cannon, George Vallindigam, Silas Hedge, David Shepherd, and William Goe, Gentlemen, being read, & thereupon, pursuant to the said Dedimus, the said George Croghan, John Campbell, John Connolly, John Gibson, George Vallandegham, William Goe, Gentlemen, took 10The figures to left of pages in brackets refer to the pages of the original MS. Editor Annals Carnegie Museum. 525 or bo lor) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person & Government, Sub- scribed the Abjuration Oath and test, and also took the Oaths of Justices of the Peace, and of Justices of the County Court in Chancery, and of Justices of Oyer & Terminer, all which Oaths were administered to them by Thomas Smallman and Dawsey Penticost, and then John Campbell and John Connolly adminis- tered all the aforesaid Oaths to the aforesaid ‘Thomas Smallman and Dawsey Penticost, who took the same and subscribed the Abjuration Oath and Test, on which the Court being Consti- tuted the following Members were Present, February 21st, 1775: George Croghan, John Campbell, John Connolly, Thomas Smallman, Dawsey Penticost, John Gibson, George Vallan- degham and William Goe, Gentlemen Justices — George Brent and George Rootes took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Government, Sub the Abjuration Oath and Test, and then took the Oaths of Attorneys. Ord that John Campbell, George Redman, Thomas Red- man, and Benja. Renoe, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Fort Dunmore to Frederick Dunfields, and make a report of the Conveniences and Inconveniences, to the next Court. Joseph Hill is appointed a Constable in the room of Jacob Vanmetere, and that he be summoned to be sworn in the office. On the Petition of James Johnston and others, It is Ord Edward Cook, Joseph Hill, Senr., Levy Stevens, Gilbert Simpson, Rich’d McMahon, John Decker, Paul Froman, and James Innes, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from the Road from ‘Thomas Gists to Fort Dunmore to Paul Fromans on Shirtees Creek, by James Devores Ferry, and make a report of the Conveniences and Inconveniences to the next Court. William Elliott, being bound over to this Court by Thomas Smallman, Gent., for disturbing the minds of his Majesties Good people of this County, by demanding in an arbitrary and IlHegal Manner of sundry Persons what Personal Estate they are possessed of, that the same may be tax’d according to the Laws of Pennsylvania, being called, appeared and on hearing the argument of the attorneys the Court are of opinion that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, and there remain until he Enter into recog. in the sum of £100, with 2 Srtys in the (3) (4) MINUTES OF CouRT AT FoRT DUNMORE. 527 Sum of 50 £ Each, for his good Behavior for the space of One Month; and thereupon the sd Wm. Elliott, with John Har- vie and Chas Irons, ack’d themselves Indebted to our Sover- eign Lord the King, the sd Elliott in the Sum of #100 and the sd. Harvie and Irons in the Sum of £50 Each, to be levied on their respective Goods and Chattels, Lands and ‘Tene- ments, in Case the sd. Wm. Elliott is not of good Behaviour for the Space of one month. Ordered that the Court be Adjourned until to Morrow Morning to o'clock. GEO: CROGHAN. At a Court con’d and held for Augusta County at Fort Dunmore February 22d, 1775, Prest John Connolly, Thomas Smallman, Dorsey Pentecost, Wm Goe, Gentlemen, Justices. John Canon, one of the Gent in the Commission of the peace, took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties person and Governt, Subscribed the Abjuration Oath and Test, and then took the Oath of a Justice of the peace, and of Justice of the County Court in Chancery, and of Justice of Oyer and Terminer On the Complt of John McAnully ag’st his Master, Casper Reel, for beating and abuseing him, It is ordered that he be summoned to appear here the next Court, to answer the Complt, and with the Servt. Prest, John Canon. On the petition of Alexr. Duglas and others, It is Ord that Wm. Crawford, Providence Mounce, Ezekiel Hickman, Joseph Beeler, John Vanmetere, Morgan Morgan, Vincen Colvin, Henry Taylor, Van Swearengen, they being first sworn, Veiw a road from Providence Mounce’s Mill, by Ausberger’s Ferry, and from thence to Catfish Camp, and make a report of the Conveniences and Inconveniences to the next Court. Ordered that Robert Henderson, Benja. Kuykendall, John Robinson, and James Sulivan, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Fort Dunmore to Beckets fort, and make a report of the Conven and Inconveniences to the next Court. Prest., John Gibson. David Semple, Gent, is recommended to the Gentn appointed to exam Attos., that he is a Person of Probaty, Honesty, and Good Demeanor. 528 (5) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. On the Motion of Henry Heath, It is ordered that Silas Dex- ter, Gabriel Cox, Rich’d McMahon, Benja. Sweet, Robt. Hen- derson, Veiw the most Conven Way from fort Dunmore to Henry Heaths, they being first sworn, and make a report of the In- conv and Conven to the next Court. Admon of the Estate of Wm. Craig, dec’d, granted to An- drew Vaughan, a Creditor, he having comp’d with the Laws. Ord. that Gabriel Cox, Rich’d McMahon, James Bruce, and Henry Heath, or any 3, app the Est. Patrick McElroy took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Per- son and Govern, Sub the Abjur Oath and Test, and then was sworn a Deputy Sheriff. William Christy took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Abj Oaths and Test, which is Ordered to be Certified on his Commission of a Lieutenant of Pittsburg and its Dependencies of the Militia. Simon Girty took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Abjuration Oath and test, which is Ord to be Certified on his Com of a Lieutent of the Militia of Pitts- burg and its Dependencies. Jacob Bousman took the Usual Oaths to his Majes Person and Govern, Sub the Abjur Oath and test, which is Ord to be Certified on his Comn of Ensign of the Militia of Pittsburg and its Dependencies. Ord that Paul Froman, Thomas Cook, Josiah Crawford, Jacob Long, and Rich’d Crooks, they being first sworn, Veiw aroad from Fort Dunmore to Paul Froman’s and make a report of the Conveniences and Inconveniences thereof to the next Court. Prest., John Campbell. William vs. Bresser ; deft moved for a ded. to take the deps. of Jacob Dorenin, a Wits who is agoing down the Ohio river, which was overuled. Ab., John Connolly. John Connolly took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties person and Govern, Sub the Ab Oath and test, which is Ord to be Certified on his commission of Major of the Millitia. Prest., John Connolly. Windle Ourey, being bound over to this Court for acting as an assessor under the Laws of Pennsylvania, appeared, and hav- (6) (7) MINUTES OF CouRT AT FortT DUNMORE. 529 ing made Confession to the Court, it is Ordered that he be dis- charged from his recog. James Cumerford being bound over to this Court on Complt of John Gibson, Gent, being called and failing to appear the Prosecution is withdrawn. Ord. that the Sheriff make use of the Room in the Fort now Used as a Guard Room as a Goal for this Part of the County, and also that John Campbell and Dorsey Penticost, Gent, with the Surv. lay of Prison Bounds for the same, Includ the ally of the fort and two rods wide to the town Robert Hannah, being bound over to this Court for openly disturbed the peace by interrupting the execution of Legal Process by the officers of this Government, and did actually imprison a Certain Philip Baily in the discharge of his duty as a Consta, ag’st the Peace of our Sovereign Lord the King, being called, appeared and offered a Plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court, which Plea was Overuled ; and It is ordered that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of £1000 with 2 Secys. in the sum of £500 Each, to be levied of their respective Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenemets, in case Robt. Hanah is not of Good Behaviour fora Year and a day, and also desit from acting as a Majestrate within the Colony of Vir- ginia by any authority from the Province of Pennsylvania, and that he keep the peace to all his Majesties Leige Subjects in the Mean time. James Caveat, Gent, being bound over to this Court for sundry times Malevolently opposed the authority of His Majes- ties officers of the Government of Virginia, and has rioutsly opposed the legal Establishment of his Majesties Laws in this County, Contrary to the peace of our Sovereign Lord the King, being called, appeared and offered a plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court, which was overuled ; and it is ordered that he be Committed to the Goal of this County and thereto remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of £1ooo with two Secys in the Sum of £500 Each, to be levied of their respective Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenements, in case James Caveat is not of Good Behaviour for a Year and a day, and also desist from acting asa Majestrate within the Colony of Virginia by 530 (8) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. any authority derived from the Province of Pennsylvania, and that he keep the peace to all his Majesties Leige Subjects in the mean time. Francis Brown took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Abjur Oath and test, and was Sworn as a deputy Sheriff, with the Consent of John Christian by a note from under his.hand James Smith being bound over to this Court for acting as a Commissioner under an authority derived from under the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania within the Colony of Virginia, being called appeared, and on being heard It is Ord that he Com- mitted to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of “#100 with two Secys. in the Sum of £50 Each, to be levied of their respec Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenements, in case he is not of Good Behaviour for a Year and a day, and also desist from acting as a Commissioner from under any authority derived from under the province of Pennsylvania within this Colony Ord that Davd Steel, John Wals, Oliver Miller, and Nathan Couch, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Devor’s ferry to the road that leads from fort Dunmore to Dunfeilds, to join Dunfeild’s road on Shirtee’s Creek near Ben Renoes, and make a report of the Conven and Inconven to the next Court Ord that the Sheriff Imploy a Workman to build a Ducking Stool at the Confluence of the OHio with the Monongohale and that the person Imployed bring in his Charge at the Laying of the Levy. Bousman vs. McGoldrick, Joseph Chriswell Spbd. Edward Armstrong, being bound over to this Court on the Complt of Frederick Ferrie, for Stealing a Hog the prop of the sd. Ferrie, on hearing the Wits and the parties by their Attos, and It is ordered that the Complt be dismised. David Steel took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Ab Oath and test, which is Ord to be Cert on his Commission of Ensign of Pittsburgh and its Dependances. Ord that Thos. Brown, Bazil Brown, Wm. Colvin, Reuben Camp, and Conrad Walter, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Old Redstone fort to Conrad Walkers, and make a report of the Conven and Inconv to the next Court (9) MINUTES OF CouRT At Forr DUNMORE. 531 Ord that the Court be adjourned until to Morrow Morning 10 0’Clock. Jno. CONNOLLY. At a Court Con’d and held for Augusta County February 23d, 1775 + Prest, Jno. Campbell, Jno. Gibson, Thos Smallman Wm. Goe, Jno. Cannon. James Berwick, Gent, is recommed to the Gentlemen to Examine Attos, as a person of Probaty, Honesty, and good Demeanor. Andrew Ross, Gent, is recommended to the Gentlemen to Examine Attos, as a person of Probaty, Honesty, and Good Demeanor. On the Motion of Henry Heath, leave is granted him to keep a ferry on the Monongohala River at his own Plantation, and he provide a Boat for the sd ferry On the Motion of Wm Lynn, leave is granted him to keep a ferry on Monongahale River, from his House over the River to the Land of Fras. Holls (?),'' and that he provide Boats. On the Motion of Mich’l Cresap, leave is granted him to keep a ferry on Monongohale River at Redstone fort to the Land of Indian Peter, and that he provide a Boat. On the Motion of James Devore, leave is granted him to keep a ferry on Monongohale River, from his house over the river to the Mouth of Pidgeon Creek, and that he provide Boats. Luke Joliff, being committed and brought before the Court for deserting from the Militia, and for takeing with a stand of arms, and for preventing the Indians for not delivering up Sund Prisoners, then in their custody; On _ hearing Sund Wits and the s’d Luke,.the Court are of Opinion that he for the s’d offence receive for the s’d offence of deserting 500 Lashes with a Cat-o’nine tails on his bare back, well laid on, and it is said to the Sheriff that execution thereof be done at such times and in such number as not to endanger life or member. [Here follows a long list of cases, seventy-four in number, indicat- ing that the cases had been called and some order made in them. Only the surnames of the parties being given, with unintelligible memoranda which do not indicate the nature of the action, nor identify or localize the parties, this list is omitted. ] Ord that Edward Cook, Joseph Hill, Senr., Levy Stevens, 1 Name illegible. —EDITor. (12) (13) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Gilbert Simpson, Rich’d McMahon, John Decker, Paul Froo- man, and James Innes, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Thos. Gists to Paul Froomans Mill on Shirtees Creek, and make a report of the Conven and Inconvenc to the next Court. Ord that Thomas Crooks, Wm. Bashears, Robt. Thornton, Thos. Egenton, and Philip Whittan, they being first sworn, Veiw a road from Redstone old fort to Shirtees Creek to Paul Froomans, and make a report of the Conv and Inconv to the Next-Court. [On the motion of Jacob Bousman, leave is granted him to keep a ferry across the Monongohale River, from his House to the Town oposite thereto, & that he provide & keep a suff numer of Boats for that Purpose.™] John Campbell, Gent, with his Servt Michl Haney, came into Court, and the sd. John acknowledged that he had served the time mentioned in his Ind, which is Ord to be Certified. Ord that Dav’d Steel, Thos. Bond, John Mckee, and Silas Dexter, they being first sworn, Veiw a road from the Mouth of the Yough River, at Mckee’s ferry, to the Road from Devore’s ferry to Renoe’s near Sampson Beavers, and so On to romans Mill, and make a report of the Conv and Inconvenien to the next Court. On the Motion of Dorsey Penticost, It is Ord that his Mark be recorded a Cross in the left Ear and his Brand D P. Christopher Turby, John Carpenter, Joshua Wright, Joseph Hill, Snr, John Hawthorn, Emson Brumfield, Jno. Harden, Junr., John Pettyjohn, John Warick, James Booth, Reeson Vir- gin, Ezekial Rose, Wm. Hawkens, James Taylor, Nathl Black- more, James Murdough, Jas. Young, Abraham Slover, Jno. Bell, John Dousman, Andrew Robinson, Nicholas Higarthy, Barney Wistner (?),” Jno. Castleman, Elias Myers, Wm. Tea- gard, Junr., Joseph Erwin, Jno. Nicholas, James Baird, Sam’] Hinly, Moses Smith, Terry Moore, Michl Martin, Rich’d Wells, and Garshom Hull, are app’d Constables, and It is Ord that they be summoned to be sworn before a Majestrate, or Attend at the next Court to be Sworn. John Campbell and Dorsey Penticost, the persons appointed 12'This entry, placed in (_), is erased in the original record. 13 Name somewhat illegible. —EpDIvor. (14) 'Spe 35 MAINUTES OF Courr Ar Forr DUNMORE. 533 to lay off the Prison bounds, made a report, and Ord to be Re- corded. Ord that the Sheriff Summon a Grand jury for the Inquest of the body of this County, to appear here in May next. On the Motion of Sam’l Semple, It is Ord that his Mark be recorded a Crop of the right Ear and a Nick in the Edge. On the Motion of John Gibson, It is Ord that his Mark a Slit in the right and a Crop in the left Earand brand I G. Ordered that Alexander Mckee, James Innis, Thomas Gal- breath, Wm. Harrison, Thomas Gaddis, Jno. Swearingen, Thomas Freeman, Benjamin Davis, Edward Cook, John Whit- acre, Philip Ross, David Rogers, James Chew, David Scott, Chas. Wheeler, Thos. Crooks, Jno. Robertson, John Nevill, Michl Rough, Isaac Mason, Eli Coulter, Wm. Elliott, Henry Vanmetre, Geo Rodgers Clark, Rich’d Yates, John Irwine, Christopher House (?), and Joseph Beeler, are humbly recom- mended to his Excellency, the Governor, as proper persons sons to be added to the Commission of the Peace for this County. Edward Armstrong and James Ryan was brought before the Court for fighting in the Court Yard and disturbing. the Court ; It is Ord that they be committed to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until they Each Enter into recog in the Sum of £10 with 2 Secys in the Sum of £5 Each, to be levied, and for their appearance at the Grandjury in May next, and that his Majesties deputy Atto prosecute them for the same: Sum Geo Ashton, John Collins, and Sam’! Mckinsie (?)." On the Motion of John Canon, It is Ord that his Mark be re- corded, a Crop in the right Ear and half Crop in the left. A Bill of Sale from James Cumberford to Geo Aston was prov’d by Valentine Thos. D’ Alton, the Wit, and O R. A Billof Sale from Simon Butler to Geo Aston was prov’d by Valentine Thos. D’ Alton, one of the Wits, and O R. An Agreement between Cornelius Dougherty and Geo Aston was prov’d by Valentine Thos. D’Alton, one of the Wits, and O R. Geo Aston took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties person and Government, Sub the Ab Oath and test, and Ord to be Cert’d on his Commission of Captain of the Militia. lling doubtful; word illegible. —Epiror. 534 (15) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Licence to keep an ordinary is Granted to John Ormsby, he hav’g compld with the Law. Licence to keep an Ordinary is Granted to Sam’! Ewalt, he hav’g Compld with the Law. The Last Will and Test of Shedrich Muchmoor, dec’d, was proved by Valentine Thos. D’Alton and Wm. Plumer, two of the Wits, and O R, and On the Motion Mary Muchmoor the Widow, Admon with the Will Annexed is granted her, she hav’g Comp with the Law. Ord that Benja Tomlinson, Joshua Baker, Jacob Cockran, and Jos Cockran, and any 3, app the Est of Shedrich Much- moor, dec’d, and return the App to the next Court. Jonathan Muchmoor of the age of 19 years Orph of Shed- rich Muchmoor, dec’d, chose Thos. Smallman his Gaurd, who Compld with the Laws Ordered that the Court be adjorned until to Morrow Morning to 0’ Clock. Jno. CONNOLLY. At a Court Con’d and held for Augusta County at Fort Dun- more Feby. 24th 1775, Prest. John Campbell, Jno. Connolly, Thos. Smallman, John Gibson, Dorsey Penticost. Ord that Providence Mounce, Wm. Crawford, Paul Froman, James Innis, or any three, being first sworn, Veiw the Most Conv way for a road from Mounce’s Mill to Froomans Mill, and make a report of the Conv and Inconv to the next Court. P. Jno. Cannon. Licence to keep an Ordinary is granted to Frederick Feree, he hav’g Comp with the Law. The same to Jacob Bousman, on the South side of the Monongohale River oppisite the ‘Town. On the Motion of Samuel Sinclair, who lives on the forks of the river Monongohale and Youghagano leave is granted him to keep a ferry over Each of the Rivers, and that he keep boats. Licence to keep an Ordinary is granted to Sam’] Sample, he hav’g Comp with the Laws. Wm Hawkins, Andrew Robertson, and Nicholas Hagerty, took the Usual Oaths to his Majesty’s Person and Governm, Sub the Ab Oath and Test, and then took the Oaths of Constables. (16) Grz) MINUTES OF CouRtT AT ForRT DUNMORE. 535 Bertney Whitney took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties per- son and Govern, Sub the Ab Oath and Test, and then took the Oath of a Constable. Ord that. Peter Elrod John Whitacer, Andrew McMeans, and Benja Davis, or any 3, they being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Fromans Road to Sam’l Sinclairs, the nearest and best way, and make a report of the Conv and Incon to the next Court. Ord that Silas Dexter, Gabriel Cox, Rich’d McMahon, Benja Sweet, and Robt Henderson, or any 3, they being first sworn, veiw the nearest and best way from Sam’l Sinclairs to Fort Dunmore, and make a report of the Conven and Inconv to the next Court. Ord that Chas Bruce, Geo Aston, Abraham Slover, and Josiah Osburn, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw the nearest and best way from Fort Dunmore to Chas. Bruces on Racoon Creek, and make a report of the conv and Incony to the next Court. His Majesties Writ for adjorning this Court from Fort Dun- more to the Town of Staunton being read, It is Ordered that the s’d Court be Adjorned Accordingly. Jno. Connotty. His Majesties Writ for Adjorning the County Court of Augusta from Staunton to Fort Dunmore being read, this 16th May 1775, Present Geo Croghan, Jno. Campbell, John Connolly, Thos. Smallman, John Gibson, John Cannon. Edward Ward and John McColloch took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Ab Oath and Test, and then took the Oath of Justice of the peace, and of Justice of the County Court in Chancery, and of a Justice of Oyer and Terminer. Henry Peyton took the Oath of an Atto and is admitted to Practice as such in this Court. Small vs Gray, Nordica Mordica Spbd. Shilling vs Young, Geo Corn Spbd. Cresap vs Swearingam, Michl Tygert Spbd. At a Cald Court held for the Examination of Thos Glenn, who stands Committed to the Goal of this County, charged with the Murder of his Servt Man Peter Eglington, 536 (18) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Prest. Geo Croghan, Jno Campbell, John Connolly, Edward Ward, Thos. Smallman, Jno. Gibson, Geo Vallandigham. The above named Thos. Glenn was brought to the barr and upon Examination denied the fact wherewith he stands charged ; whereupon several Witnesses were Sworn and Examined, and upon Consider at which the Court are of opinion that he is Guilty of the fact wherewith he stands Charged, and that he ought to be tried for the s’d Supposed fact at the General Court in October next, at the 6th day thereof, and in Order thereto he is remanded to the Goal of this County and thence to be removed to the Pub Goal in the Citv of Wmsburg. Be it Remembered John McCollock, Moses Williamson, James Johnson, James Nowland, of this County, ackn’d them- selves Indebted to our Sovereign Lord the King in the Sum of #100 Each, to be levied of their respective Goods and Chat- tels, Lands and ‘Tenements, in Case they do not appear at the Capitol, in the City of Wmsburg, on the 6th day of the next General Court, and then and there give evidence ag’st Thos. Glenn for the Murder of his Servt Peter Eglington, and not depart without leave of the Court. Then the Court did rise. Spa. to Jos. Blackford, for the Prisoner. Geo: Croghan, Noble vs Chamberlain. Walter Briscoe Spbd. Prest: Geo Croghan, John Connolly, Edward Ward, John Cannon, John McCulloch, John Gibson ; Michael Ginder and Geo Ginder Ack’d L & R to Nicholas Mace and O R. The same to Francis Mcbride and O R. The Commission for the private Examin of Cath, the Wife of Michl. Ginder, and Susanna, the wife of Geo Ginder, to a tract of land sold by their Husbands to Nicholas Mace, being ret.1s OUR: The same to Fras. Mcbride and O R. Susanna, the wife of Geo Ginder, came into Court, and reling her right of Dower to roo acres on the branches of Brooks Creek, formerly conveyed by her husband to Fra’s Mcbride, and O Cd. Benja Renoe, Geo Redman, and Thos. Redman, 3 of them, (19) MINUTES OF CouRT AT FORT DUNMORE. 537 persons appointed to Veiw a road from Fort Dunmore to Frederick Dunfields and make a report, and made their report ; It is Ord that the Road be Established, and that Geo Redman, and Benja. Renoe be Surveyors thereof, and that the Tithables within 3 Miles on Each side work thereon. Wm. Crawford, one of the Gent in the Com of the Peace, took the Usual Oaths to his Majesties Person and Govern, Sub the Ab Oath and test, and then took the Oath of a Justice of the Peace, and of a Justice of the County Court in Chancery, and of a justice of Oyer and Terminer. Pres, Wm. Crawford. On the Petition of Maly Hayes, and others, It is Ord that Peter Elrod, John Whitacre, Andrew McMeans, Benja Davis, Silas Dexter, Gab’] Cox, Rich’d McMahon, Benja Sweet, and Robt. Henderson, or any 6 of them, being first sworn, Veiw a Road from Dorsey Penticost’s, by Peter Barrackman’s ferry, to fort Dunmore, and make a report of the Conven and Inconven to the next Court. On the Motion Capt. Paul Froman, It is Ordered that John Decker, John Muns, James Innes, and Thomas Edgington, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw the most Conven Way from Froman’s Mill on Shirtees Creek, to Fromans Mill on the East side of the Monongohale, and make a report of the Con- ven and Inconven to the next Court. A Grandjury for the Inquest of the body of this County, to wit: Geo McColloch, foreman, Oliver Miller, Abraham Tea- garden, John Swann, Jesse Pigman, Bazil Brown, Rich’d Wal- ler, Jacob Vanmetre, Wm. Colvin, Josiah Wallace, Moses Wil- liamson, John Deckar, Rich’d McMahon, Rich’d McGlaughlin, and Daniel Cannon, having received their charge retired. George Croghan Ackn’d a Barg and Sale and a receipt to Benjamin Tate and O R. The same to Jacob Bousman and O R. Teagarden vs Hammon’ James Crawford Spbd. Cresap vs Peterson Indian Erasimes Backys Spbd. vs Cox John Wall Spbd. Woods vs Gray Wm. Cuningham Spbd. Samples vs Fernsley Walter Grymes Spbd. Cresap vs Vaughan John Gab’! Jones Spbd 538 (21) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Elliott vs Martin- Jacob Bousman Spbd. Boly vs Springer John Springer Spbd Hawkins vs Wheat James McConnel Spbd. Cook vs McConnel Conrad Wheat Spbd. Ab Geo Croghan Williamson vs Mills Wm. Hawkins Spbd Swagler vs Mills Wm. Hawkins Spbd Bell vs Finn. James Crawford Spbd. Vallandigham vs Crinnell. Colvin vs Frederick Geo Wilson Spbd. Boly vs Ross. Wilcox vs Craighead James Sulivan Spbd. Cook vs Froman. James Chambers Spbd Boley vs Springer in Debt Paul Froman Spbd. Penticost vs Briscoe Pat McElroy Spbd Kuykendal vs Allenthrop Paul Froman — Spbd. Bond vs Mordica On the Complt of James O’ Neel against his Master, Patrick Fleming, for beating and abuseing him, It is Ord that his Mas- ter be Sum’d to appear here the next Court, to Ans the Complt, and that he in the mean time treat well and give Security for the same, himself in the sum of £30, and 1 Secy in the Sum of £15; and thereupon he with James Chambers his Secy Ack’d himself Indeb to our Sovereign Lord the King in the Sum of 304, and Jas. Chambers, his Secy, also in the Sum of #15, to be levied of their respective Goods and Chattels, Lands and ‘Tenements, in Case he doth not use his servt, James O’Neel, well til the next Court On the Complt of John Connolly, Gent, ag’st Geo Wilson, Gent, asa disturber of the peace, on hearing the parties the Court are of Opinion that the Complt be dismissed, Ord that Rich’d Heth (?),” Dav’d Steel, Thos Cook, Rich’d Crooks, and Paul Froman, or any 3 of them, being first [Sworn], Veiw a road from Fort Dunmore to Paul Fromans Mill on Shirtees Creek, and make a report of the Conv and Incony to the next Court. Ord that the Court be adjorned until to Morrow Morning to o'clock. JouHN CAMPBELL. 15 Spelling doubtful ; illegible. —Eb1ToR. (22) MINUTES OF CouRYT AT ForRT DUNMORE. 539 At a Court Com’d and held for Augusta County May 17th, 1775) Prest. Geo Croghan, Edward Ward, Thos. Smallman, John Gibson, John McCullough, Wm. Crawford. Ord that John Vance, Providence Mounce, Edward Dial, and Wm. Mckee, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw the most Conven Way from Maj Crawford’s to near the forks of Indian Creek, and make a report of the Cony and Inconv to the next Court. On the petition of Rezin Virgin and others, it is Ord that Philip Shute, Rich’d Waller, Abraham Teagarden, Wm. Tea- garden, Geo Teabolt, and Rezin Virgin, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw a road from the foot of Laurel Hill, by Wm Teagarden’s ferry, to the Mouth of Wheeling, and make a report of the Conven and Inconv to the next Court. On the Motion of Dav’d Mckee, for leave to keep a ferry over the Monongohale and Youghogana, which Motion being opposed, on hearing the parties It is Consid that the ferry is Unnecessary; It is therefore Ord that the s’d Motion be rejected. The persons app’d to Veiw a road from old Redstone fort to Conrad Walters, and made a report, It is Ord that the road be Established, and that Jacob Beason be Overseer from Conrad Walters to Jennings’s run, and Robt. Jacman be Overseer from the East side of Jennings run to James Chamberlains Run, on the East side of the dividing Ridge, and that Philip Fouts be Overs from Chamberlains run to the River at old Redstone fort, and that the tithe’s within 3 miles on Each side work thereon Prest. John Cannon John White, being bound over to this Court on the Comp of Thomas Christy, for stealing his swine, on hearing the witnesses the Court are of Opinion that he is guilty of the fact where- with he stands Charged, and that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of £100 with two Securitys, in the Sum of #50 Each, for his good behavior, and for his personal appearance at the next Grand jury Court to be held here, and that his Majestys deputy Atto prefer a bill of Indict ag’st him. (23) (24) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Thomas Martin being bound over to this Court on the Complt of Archibald Hamilton for Burning his House in the Neighbour- hood of Sandy Creek, whereby he has lost some of his Effects, being called, appeared, and on hearing the parties by their Atto and Sund Wits the Court are of Opinion that he is guilty of a High Misdemeanor; It is Ord that he be Committed to the Goal of this County for the s’d offence, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of “#100 with 2 Secys in the Sum of £50 Each, for his good behaviour for a Year and a day; and thereupon he with Jacob Bousman and Hugh O’ Harro, his Secy, ack’d himself indeb to our Sovereign Lord the King in the Sum of £100, and the s’d Jacob Bousman and Hugh O’Harro Ack’d themselves Each Indeb to our Sover- eign Lord the King in the sum of £50 Each, to be levied of their respec Goods and Chattels, Lands and ‘Tenements, in case the s’'d Thos. Martin is not of Good behaviour for a Year and day. Peter McCartney Ack’d a Claim to 50 Acres of: Land to John Campbell, Gent, and O R. Cook vs Shilling, Peter Hillibrand Spbd. On the Complt of Benjamin Kyser against Hugh Davidson for a forceable Entry made, being called, appeared, and on hearing the parties and the Wits the Court are of Opinion that he is Guilty, and that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of £100, with 2 Secys in the Sum of £50 Each, and thereupon he with John Caveat and John Sampson his Secys Ack’d himself Indeb to our Sovereign Lord the King in the Sum of £100 and the s’d John Caveat and John Sampson Ack’d themselves Each to owe to our Sovereign Lord the King in the Sum of £50 Each to be levied of their respective Goods & Chattels, Lands & Tenements, in Case thes’d Hugh David- son is not of Good Behaviour for a Year and a day. Fred Ferree, being bound over to this Court on the Complt of Geo Phelps, for beating him, being called, appeared, and on hearing the parties & the Witnesses, the Court are of Opinion that the Complt be dismised. Stevens vs Shilling Peter Hillibrand Spbd Mitchell vs Scott Michl Tygert Spbd & Imp P (25) MINUTES OF CouRT AT ForT DUNMORE. 541 MeMichal vs French David Scott Spbd & Imp P Russell vs Sessney David Steele SB & Impl B. The Granjury for the Inquest of the body of this County returned, and haveing ret’d Several Indict true bills, It is Ord that the Kings Atto do pros them and that the Clk do Issue process on them Accord’gly; & also several bills of Indict being preferd & found Ignoramus, It is Ord that the same be dis’d. Ord that the Court be Adjourned until to Morrow Morning to 0’ Clock GEO: CROGHAN. At a Court Con’d and held for Augusta County May 18th 1775: Prest. Geo Croghan, John Campbell, John Gibson, Geo Vallandigham. On the Petition of Charles Harrison and others, It is Ordered that Richard Walker, Charles Harrison, Daniel Cannon, and Isaac Pearce or any 3 of them being first sworn Veiw a road the nearest and best way to Veiw a Road from Thomas Gists house to Cap’n Fromans mill and make a report of the Conv and Inconv to the next Court. Mitchell vs Val Crawford Wm. Crawford Spbd. Nevell vs Gist. Wm. Crawford Spbd. Speer vs Gist. Wm. Crawford Spbd. P. Ed Ward, John Cannon, Wm Crawford, John Mc- Colloch. Thomas Scott being bound over to this Court for his acting and doing Business as a Justice of the peace under Pennsyl- vania, in Contempt of the Earl of Dunmore’s late Proclama- tion, as also to such other Misdemeanors as shall be then and there objected ag’st him, appeared, and On hearing him and the Wits the Court are of Opinion that he is Guilty, and it is Ord that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the sum of £500, with 2 secys in the Sum of £250 Each, to be levied of their respective Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenements, in Case Thomas Scott is not of Good Behaviour for a year and a day and, also desist from acting as a Majestrate within the Colony (26) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. of Virginia by any authority derived from the Provence of Pennsylvania, and that he keep the peace to all his Majesties Leige Subjects in the mean time. George Croghan, Esqr. Ack’d a Deed of Bargain and Sale and a receipt thereon Endorsed to Bernad Gratz, and O R. The same to Joseph Simon & O R. The same to Bernard Gratz and O R. The same to Bernard Gratz and O-R P. Thos. Smallman, Ab. Wm. Crawford. Devorix Smith being bound over to this Court on the Complt of Susanna Styger, for asaulting, Beating & Wounding her, ap- peared, and on hearing the parties and the Witnesses the Court are of Opinion that the Complt be dismised with Costs Susanna Sturgus being bound over to this Court on the Complt of Devereux Smith, for Insulting his wife and threaten- ing her, on hearing the parties and Wits the Court are of Opinion that the Complt be dismised. Mills vs Williamson — Pat McElroy Spbd. Hawkins vs Hillibrand — Moses Williamson = Spbd. Cresap vs Teagarden— Wm & Geo Teagarden Spbd vs French Moses Williamson Spbd | On the Complt of John McaNully ag’st his Master, Casper Reel, for beating & abuseing him, being Sum’d, appeared, and on hear’g the parties & the Wits the Court are of Opinion that the Complt is Groundless & be dismised, and It is Ord that the Sheriff take the Serv’t and give him 25 ‘Lashes well Laid on, and it is said to the Sheriff that Execution be done Immediately. Casper Reel prod and made Oath to his Account of £2.16.0, his Expences in takeing up his Serv’t, John McaNully, when run aw, and for 4 days absent time when run away; It is ord that he serve for the same accr to Law. Edward Armstrong being bound over to this Court on the Complt of John Miller, Senr., for takeing away a Plow & Irons with several other Utensels of Husbandry and Household furni- tur, the property of the s’d John and the s’d Edward, appeared, and hearing the parties and the Wits the Court are of Opinion that he is Guilty of the facts wherewith he stands Charged, and that he be Committed to the Goal of this County, and there to remain until he Enter into recog in the Sum of £30, with 2 ( 7) MINUTES OF CouRT AT Fort DUNMORE. 548 Secys in the Sum of £15 Each, to be levied in case he is not of Good behaviour for a Year and a day The persons app’d to Veiw a Road from Shirtees Creek to Devor’s ferry made their report; It is Ord that the Road be Established, and that David Steel and Jed Ashcraft be Overseers, and that the tith’s within 3 miles on Each side work thereon. Joseph Cisneaand Wm. Donnellsan being bound over to this Court, on the Complt of Thomas Russell for a forceable Entry & detainer, and no persons appearing It is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of John Quay ag’st Dav’d McClure, no persons appearing It is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of Adam Bell ag’st Stephen Bennett, no per- sons appearing it is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of John Boley ag’st John Springer, no persons appearing It is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of Wm. Thomas ag’st Chas. Froman, & no per- sons appearing It is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of Devereaux Smith ag’st Edward Thompson, no persons appearing It is Ord to be dis’d. The Complt of John Boley ag’st Joseph Ross, no persons appearing, It is Ord to be dis’d. Beeler vs Walls, John McNew Spbd. Edward Armstrong came into Court with Robt Strain and Philip Reely, his Secy, Ack’d himself Indeb to our Sover Lord the King in the Sum of £10 and the s’d Robt. Strain and Philip Reily Ack’d themselves Indeb to our Sover Lord the King in the Sum of £5 Each, to be levied & in case the s’d Edward Armstrong is not of good behaviour for a Year and day. Clinton & Noble vs. Bearshers, Bazil Brown Spbd. Walls vs Brown, Pat McElroy Spbd. Ord that the Court be adjourned until to Morrow Morning 3 o'clock in the afternoon. , : GEO: CROGHAN. At a Court Continued and held for Augusta County May roth, 1775, Prest. John Gibson, Wm. Crawford, John McCullough, Edward Ward, John Cannon. On the Motion of Benja Wells It is Ord that his Mark, a Crop and a Slit in the left Ear, be Recorded. O44 (28) ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. On the Motion of Valentine Crawford, It is Ord that his Mark, a Slit in the left Ear, a Crop and under keel in the Right Ear & O Recorded Abt. John Gibson. Gt. Admon of the Estate of Jacob Linnd, dec, is Granted to Thos. Smallman, Gent, and Jacob Bousman, they having with Secy. Entered into & Ack’d Bond accr. to Law. Ord that Wm Christy, Ignace Lebath Sam’l Semple, and John Ormsby or any 3, app the Est. Cresap vs Dowling, Josiah Wallace Spbd. Grub vs Dowling, Josiah Wallace, Spbd. Sinclair vs Usherwood, Jud accr, act & O Sale. Ord that the Court be adjourned until to Morrow Morning 8 o’ Clock Epwp. WARD At a Court Con’d and held for Augusta County, May zoth, 1775; Prest. Geo. Croghan, Ed Ward, Thos. Smallman, John Gibson. [ Here follows a list of over one hundred and sixty cases, with. only the surnames of the two parties and unintelligible memoranda. ] A Mortgage from Benjamin Taite to John Campbell, Gent, was produced and O R. On the Complt of John Ross against his Master, Moses Hol- liday, for detaining him as a Servant Contrary to Law, it was objected to by the Master by his Atto that the Matter should not concern this Court, as the s’d Master had never been Summoned and had not any previous Notice thereof til he came to court ; but the Court Overuld the Objection, it appearing to the Court that he was fully prepar’d, and on hear’g the Wits the Court are of Opinion that the Servt. be set at Liberty. Ord that Thomas Silk be by the Church wardens of Augusta Parish bound to Jacob Bousman accr. to Law. On the Motion of Thos. Glenn by his Atto, seting forth that he had been Committed to the Goal of this County on Suspe- tion of being Guilty of the Murder of his Servant, and that the proceedings of the Cald Court were Irregular, & by which he was Illegally Confined, and praying that the Court will take the same into Consideration ; and the Court being of Opinion (33) (34) MINnNutES OF Court At Fort DUNMORE. 545 that the Allegations are true, It is Ordered that he be dis’d from his Imprisonment. P. John Campbell & Wm. Crawford. Geo Croghan, Gent, Ack’d a Deed of Barg & Sale to Edward Ward and O R. The same to the same and O R. On the Motion of Jacob Bousman, leave is granted him to keep a ferry aCross the Monongohale River from his House to the Town opposite thereto, and that he provide and keep a Suf- ficient number of Boats for that purpose, in ferrying over the Militia on Muster days. On the Motion of John Ormsby, for leave to keep a ferry aCross the Monongohale River from this Town to his Land op- posite thereto, being opposed by Jacob Bousman, and Motion Overuled. Alexander Ross, Gent, Ack’d 4 deeds of Surrender and Barg & Sale to Edward Ward, Gent, and O R. John Ormsby Ack’d a Deed of Bargand Sale to Benja John- ston & OR. The App of the Est of Shadrach Muchmore, dec’d, being returned, is O R. On the petition of James Erwin, It is Ord that Robt. Mckee, John Hughes, John Cavet, & John Sampson, or any 3 of them, being first sworn, Veiw a Road from the Pennsylvania Road to the Mouth of Youghioghany at Mckee’s ferry, and here to meet the road that comes from Fromans Mill, and make a report of the Conven and Inconven to the next Court. On the Motion of John Jones, on behalf Christinee Baker, It is Ord that Jacob Knight be Summoned to appear here the next Court, to shew Cause why he detains Michael Infant her Son. R Dye vs Dye AC Beally vs Shawn AC Barrakman vs Shevely A C McElroy vs Templin Atta Perkins vs Calloway AC McElroy vs Templin Atta Downer vs Teagarden A C Thomas vs Lea AC wow lw nw 546 Sims JGJ B R B B B R ve B B Sims R (39) R Ha Da WwhW ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Swagler vs Mills Spbl. & Imp Ha Swigart vs Mills Scydmeenus badius, 268, 278 substriatus, INDEX. caducus, 268, 275 clavatus, 276 corpusculum, 268, 276, 278 minimus, 278 ovithorax, 279 perforatus, 268, 278 pubicollis, 278 pubipennis, 268 turbatus, 268, 278 Scymnus intrusus, 270, 285 punctatus, 270, 285 puncticollis, 270, 285 Secale, 122 Secretary Bird, 248 Sericosomus honestus, 271 Sedge Family, 113 Sedum, 50 Selaginella, 127 Family, 127 Selaginellacex, 127 Senecio, 69 Senna Family, 42 Seriocarpus, 62 Setarta, 117 Shafer, John A., A Preliminary List of the Vascular Flora of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 14 Shufeldt, Dr. R. W., Osteology of the Herodiones, 158-249 ; Osteology of the Flamingoes, 295-324 3 Os- teology of the Psittaci, 399-421 Sicyos, 59 Sida, 32 Silene, 28 Silphium, 66 Silvanus bicornis, 270 Simarubacez, 34 Sistrurus, 153 Sisymbrium, 24 Sisyrinchium, 106 Sium, 54 Smicronyx griseus, 274 Smilaceze, 106 Smilacina, 108 Smilax, 106 Family, 106 Smith, H. H., An Annotated Catalogue ot Shells of the Genus Partula in the Hartman Collection belonging to the Carnegie Museum, 422-485 Snowy Egret, 178 Sognorus consobrinus, 284 piceus, 284 Solanacee, 81 Solanum, 81 Solea, 27 Solidago, 61, 62 Sonchus, 73 Sorbus, 48 Soronia guttulata, 271, 286 Sparganiacee, III Sparganium, III Spartina, 116 Spathyema, 112 Specularia, 73 Spergula, 30 Spermophagus robiniz, 273, 291 Spheeridium scarabzeoides, 267, 275 Sphenisciformes, 161 Sphenophorus costipennis, 274, 293 ochreus, 274, 293 parvulus, 274, 293 scoparius, 274, 293 Spiderwort Family, 110 Spireea, 43 Spiranthes, 104 Sporobolus, 119 Spurge Family, 97 Stachys, 91 Staphylea, 37 Staphyleacexe, 37 Staphylinidz, 270, 275 Steganopodes, 159, 160, 161, 248 Stegosaurus, 336 Steironema, 76 Stellaria, 29 Stenanthium, 110 Stenophragma, 24 Stigmatonuna pallipes, 283 Storeria, 147, 148 St. John’s-wort Family, 30 Streptopus, 109 Strigidee, 159, 414 Strigiformes, 403 Strigops, 400 habroptilus, 419 Stringopidee, 404 Stylophorum, 20 Stylopidee, 266, 274, 292 Stylops childreni, 274, 292 Stylosanthes, 41 Sula, 166, 173, 189 bassana, 163, 406 Sumac Family, 37 Sundew Family, 50 Symphoricarpos, 57 Symphytum, 80 Symplocarpus, 112 Syndesmon, 16 Synosma, 69 Syntherisma, 117 Tachynus schwarzi, 270 Tachypetes, 189 Tachyporus maculipennis, 270 Tachys ferrugineus, 267, 275 Tanacetum, 69 Tantalid, 159 | ‘Tantalus, 215, 218, 220, 2 INDEX. 585 226, 220, 231, 232, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 249 Bule 302 loculator, 159, 213, 215, 249, 323 Tape-grass Family, 112 Taraxacum, 72 Taxacee, 104 Taxus, 104 _ Teasel Family, 59 | Tecoma, 85 Teleodus avus, 352 Telephorus flavipes, 272, 288 rotundicollis, 272, 287 Tenebrionidee, 273, 291 Tenebrioides var. limbalis, 271, 287 rugosipennis, 272, 288 Tephrosia, 39 | Terrapene, 157 Testudinide, Key to Local Genera ot the, 155 | Teucrium, 87 Thalesia, 85 | Thalictrum, 16 Thaspium, 53 | Thelypodium, 24 Thermonectes ornaticollis, 267 | Thesiastes fossulatus, 269, 281 | Thesium cavifrons, 269, 281 | Thespesius, 129, 130, 377, 378, 379 occidentalis, 378, 384 Thistle Family, 60 Thorns, some new Pennsylvanian, 387- 398 Tiarella, 49 Tiedemannia, 53 Tilia, 32 Tiliaceze, 32 Tillomorpha geminata, 273, 290 Tinamiformes, 161 Titanotherium, » 256-262 Titanotherium dispar, a mounted skeleton of, 347, 355 robustum, 351, 352, 353 Tmesiphorus carinatus, 269, 284 costalis, 269, 284 | Todd, W. E. C., Notes by, 4, 504 | Torosaurus, 377 Toxonotus fascicularis, 274, 294 Toxylon, 98 Trachodon annectens, 384, 385 breviceps, 382 cavatus, 380 the dermal covering of, 386 longiceps, 378, 383, 385 minor, 380 mirabilis, 377, 384, 386 paucidens, 382 oo _ w ~ tN w ~ we 380, 3 586 INDEX. Trachodontide, genera and species of, | Vaccinium, 74 377-386 | Vagnera, 108 Tradescantia, 11O Valerian Family, 59 Tragosoma depsarium, 289 | Valeriana, 59 pilosicornis, 272, 289 | Valerianacee, 59 Trautvetteria, 17 | Valerianella, 59 palmata, 17 | Vallisneria, 112 Triadenum, 31 | Vallisneriaceze, 112 Triceratops, 377 _ Veraphis, 269, 279 Trichodes nuttalli, 272, 288 _ Veraphis capitata, 268, 279 Trichodesma gibbosa, 288 cristata, 268, 279 species ?, 272, 288 | Veratrum, 110 Trichopsenius depressus, 270, 275 | Verbascum, 83 Trichopterygide, 285 Verbena, 86 Trientalis, 76 | Verbenacez, 86 Trifolium, 38 Verbesina, 68 Trigonias osborni, 135 | Vernonia, 60 osteology of, 135 et seq. | Veronica, $4 Taxonomy of, 143 | Viburnum, 56 Trillium, 109 Vicia, 41 Trimiomelba dubia, 269, 282 Vanes) 77; Trimioplectus obsoletus, 269, 282 | Viola, 26 Triosteum, 57 | Violacese, 26 Triticum, 122 Violet Family, 26 Tritoma macra, 270 Virginia, 147 Trogoderma tarsale, 270, 286 Vitaceze, 35 Trogosita virescens, 271, 287 Vitis, 35 Trogositidz, 271, 287 Vitrea draparnaldi, 252 Tropic-bird, 190, 248 | Tropideres bimaculatus, 274, 294 | Waldsteinia, 45 Trox sordidus, 272, 289 Walnut Family, 99 Tryonychide, Key to Local Genera of, Washingtonia, 54 154 Water-leaf Family, 79 Trypopitys punctatus, 272, 288 Water-lily Family, 20 Trumpet-Creeper Family, 85 Water-Milfoil Family, 51 Tsuga, 103 Water-Plantain Family, 112 Tychus minor, 269, 284 Waterwort Family, 30 verticalis, 269, 284 White River Beds, possible occurrence Tyloderma variegatum, 274, 293 of Orohippus in, 134 Typha, 111 Williamson, E. B., The Crayfish of Al- Typhacee, III i legheny County, Pa., § Tyrus humeralis, 269, 284 _ Willow Family, 102 Ulke, Henry, Collection of Coleoptera, 5 | Wintergreen Family, 75 Ulmacez, 97 Witch-Hazel Family, 51 Ulmaria, 44 | Woodsia, 125 Ulmus, 97 Wood-Sorrel Family, 33 Umbelliferee, 53 (eee : Unifolium, 108 | Xanthium, 71 Ungulata (Fossil), 131 XNanthoxylum, 34 _ 3 Unio luteolus, var. rosaceus, 253 Xenorhipis brendeli, 271, 187 Uniola, 121 Xolisma, 74 Upoluna, 284 Xylopinus rufipes, 273, 291 crassicornis, 284 Xyloterus scabricollis, 274 Urtica, 98 Urticaceze, 98 Urticastrum, 99 Yam Family, 106 Yew Family, 104 Uvularia, 109 Zamenis, 147 Zizia, 54 Vacciniacez, 74 | Zonitis bilineata, 274, 292 : sn PS 77 < < ee ae ’ Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 8 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vou. I. No. 1 Igo! + a ~ if ey 4 es ~ a . OT, ak if iT. III. IV. CONTENTS. Editorial The Crayfish of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. By E. B.. WiLLIAMSON A Preliminary List of the Vascular Flora of Alle- gheny County. By JoHN A. SHAFER Some New and Little Known Fossil Vertebrates. By Joun B. HaTcHER The Reptiles of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. By D. A, ATKINSON Osteology of the Herodiones. By R. W. SHureLpr (Plates I-V) Pages 1-7 . 128-144 . 145-157 158-240 Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 12 ANNALS OF THE . eye a hay ae CARNEGIE MUSEUM VeEc ho N63 October, 1go1 ie oe cic eve Gas ay VI. VII. VIII. IX. XI. CONTENTS: Editorial On the Cranial Elements and the Deciduous and Permanent Dentitions of Titanotherium. By J. B. HaTtcHer Sabal Rigida: A New Species of Palm from the Laramie. By J. B. HaTcHER Supplement to Dr. John Hamilton’s List of the Coleoptera of Southwestern Pennsylvania. By Henry KiLaAGes Osteology of the Flamingoes. By R. W. Suu- FELDT, M.D.-. Description of a New Species of Baena (B. Hat- cheri) From the Laramie Beds of Wyoming. By Ooo Ps SETAy. The Jurassic Dinosaur Deposits near Canyon City Colorado. By J. B. HarcHer Pages. . 251-255 . 256-262 . 263-264 . 265-204 . 295-324 1325-320 . 327-341 Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 14 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vous lk: Nor3 March, 1902 For sale at Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London, England, Messrs. R. Friedlaender u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6., Germany, and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S, A. £ ee ah XX. XXI. CONTENTS. Pages. editorial 3 Be SS gk RS A eee ao eer The Boundary Controversy Between Pennsyl- vania and Virginia; 1748-1785. By Boyp CRUMRINE 255 “Neg 0 oy ae ra A) ee Om eee Minute Book of the Virginia Court Held at Fort | Dunmore (Pittsburgh) for the District of West Augusta; 1775-17705 28 SS eS DO Dudex ic aay Se Oe ee ae a ae ae Plates XXVI.-XXVIII. inc. Title page and Table of Contents of Vol. I. Annals of The Carnegie Museum .. . . i-vii OE GP Pere eee Pk, MAE) mew) PP RTT) ah ay in es ph ee Se ee AG Sete ere TS a es Bais ~ Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 16 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vouk Nese September, 1902 For sale at Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London England, Messrs. R. Friedlaender u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6., Germany, and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. XII. XIII. XVIII. XIX. CONTENTS. Editorial A Mounted Skeleton of Titanotherium dispar Marsh. By J. B. HatcHer Structure of the Fore Limb and Manus of Bronto- saurus. By J. B. HATCHER . The Genera and Species of the Trachodontide (Hadrosauride, Claosauride) Marsh. By J. B. HatTcHER . Some New Pennsylvanian Thorns. By W.W. AsHE . Osteology of the Psittaci. By R.W.SHureLpt, M.D. . An Annotated Catalogue of the Shells of the Genus Partula in the Hartman Collection in the Car- negie Museum. By Herperr H. SmMitH Two New Species of Bahaman Lepidoptera. By W. J. HoLLanpd Elosaurus parvus: A New Genus and Species of the Sauropoda.’ By O. A. PETERSON AND C, W. GILMORE . Plates XVI-XXV inc. Pages. - 343-346 - 347-355 . 356-376 . 377-386 387-398 309-421 . 422-485 . 486-489 . 490-490 i ANd WHSE 04423 Lp wens y dant a ago Pee) oye iblewetluciet t . esi = Py Ry ER AUNTS Sy 89 eaeteingacs maneeearecetace a es te rn eis piegr pthpkere ats apr y a ae Adem Leb sipag = SeiietS st sarintnes om sian paceceheval Lop ey ae alee eaten eect ches ras Piast ip bcbves eee teh afevad =dale dete sehe: Poi bei orien 9 ap pe peas or aes lesbetes by? SOLA hep resis + v0) ay ngnyee eit Sept e: 6 Aree met Hie men ee wt i a4 ali tatit tir ntact nen my wane : trotyasriecnriges Tattle RBS Saaenpel sieesheiesteecon e has sh -bor wr Pee oly ee ae 9! phe he! scare heiellbedaiet ays trate ee nt Pi % " 7 errr soo ERAS mea eh nie: obne= ddetmores eeenentee! batt 887; «bins, Sree ey! rich vel «an houses foipebactest ones, Seetoes yee as (1 ies phehe bytnchee tutranhene TL pepe r mt npahol "1 CEPTS IES Hn lelpey shlp ta ogre ot errpnate seem i b+ whoa peubitmie, Ko! $y peters sees cae hah atehnann peer ra oheeaee