be aaauee “4 eee emay oun oan” ee ee oe en er ee ee ee ee ee etcaue 01 Oet © 6-4 OG. & 4 8 4 Or Orde i ee ee ee ee er) Oe eee eee ee ed ee eee ve ee ee a eee ee ee WO he OE heh hd et oe t 6 eee ewe Ce ee oe ee eer ee ae ce ee ee eo orn eee & eee @, Dede O08 ay d. Meee eed eee Ce ee odeue SAAN ERA DP ee bade ee er ee ee | * 8 eee *. ean a ee, i} +a ee eee 2 ee vw ae ee) Pee ere ere oe a : 8 et ote are oe ew Oy en oe ee ee a oe oe ee ee) 6 Oe Cet tte ® © tne “ a4 re ra oe ee ee ee. ee ke er ee er “© me ad 7. '™_ 7 “4 aM Cr eh ee ee ’ 4 au eam san eT 4 on on ke CC 26 O04 4 eee ee wart uw en iaae wa as Cates oe ee ew ae ee a wrireanrr hrew ir a Me raat hy " yi saa tae Arar 4 if ee a 4-44 WO edd ad dee 9 am TOR CM a eet et ee ee ee We 14-4 hh ' 4 ae 19 yee oe 4 ea wee AM ek eae oh Mer ’ a pees ea tae ee waa OO eae ee edad We ae J adi aha i be taewad Pore ee i ee ey te aed aaa wy Ft s#euave A Metee , ine te ¢ 008 4 O°@.€ et de ee ee oe yy . 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La ee \ Tap ered wind ee hee wa Hod yi pe ’ ai age uit ala oy Whew iw rik pre We ph te bower we « Visi iw Wren we Ur ee Ade + yee raw ‘en rf HPN wee we bed ten he sh me Sw Ne We Awe ee Pe PUM SL he RSL A ed bt Wahine Ni Wei nee Wad Ce Sr ence! Wa ve ad ut 4 ne Wilh aetodye Lehn 6 eK aw " © bya our ee Wily Berto ty 4 46 i a 4 its tau A Wt a Gee Te AR At ey sw Pet we we he ee wees ether os 5 j NG wie ‘as ‘ haw Cee ee Ve er b ray 0 GAIA oh Bol te we ‘ 7 ory ek ya ; oh AY ean eee * vos MW Sioactren syne ak usa eirt os i ’ ‘ oh A. oo. a Ce or eet er ui . + ul Pad etd Pea, ae yyy OSU Ce NOt ee aL iy Oe Dante eh » . bagi “ sW4a4 " Oe ACE kt) Afi Ve rb Ge shite: 4W ali ‘i Ww MT de Pe tere ae FE tee at te mea wei ar ge Rha Ge ‘ pi ged ‘ ' a ie VW Med ip gent dow Le ce Ce a) liane be bette ta! obo here eavayd 4 4 AL tt) Hit ne ee Hee bebe a oe LAA dhe pS we eons ee ae tea WPA Ho EL) Rem . Psy RS MMW At POM SAL ALAN aa ate he dh 4 ke Fry de a : ‘ ‘ ‘4 et at "i CC Se Be Ae Wik eM Ye Willy wy boi (hh ke Ct oe et a Xenon erm hls ww am i ,4 Ue CO dee tt ieee AU A ae a eA Pk oc | Sa CC a ee Scene hdbrt yn ouy aay He ten teh pein ie grdad Fa oh steht Be Be wc tw Oe Ob” we : on | FeO we de, ‘ ‘ 14 ao HHT Mode Mk, eet ap BNP eed ba ete | oy Woe eS Pike med metaitie ea mele od india ia lg tet ams Reha Oe : Haas ‘ bie el Aedes i HC Mee Rm da a de ge de uri: # sedutadt M oh A wh ow & D Aree anes WiW Gacy CU a . (Otay ey ‘ He ae a hed tp Yee, COUR OMURL Te RC en Pe TR AN ere te OR TeT wis wr deere J 14 ' a) 4 (rbey Wetet We ede sid wh at pW ede tte fy eh eee ay On Ten oo oad tH Gs by Be ds Git” Pe Ae we ane owt ‘ " ‘ a" 1a" ve : 1 eae 4G wats oC Whe tty eee ee a det ad ve Vota de an vee ae ‘ “ “ a4 1 *\ mee tere er in WR the How Ca ae Tecan WAC Niavotineries Fhe Ned clayby Gy oe ‘ ‘ : “* ws UVLO pea gagd eq Wet ee On a w 6 ae oP ey fhe halo Ayal ‘ wat sou 1 ‘ Som fo y wae ” Bs B59. We ee da arid 3 © te Ged et ' oan ALAA Oh led dong ha Whaat He eda ye \ ] ‘ ae) i ean ec OL A | wo : rey ets t ¢ ’ ‘ a4 a Ng ‘ 4 ‘ vse Wi si wee A Hw we wethaee vy « th 1.2 aw ee | tt Ay ‘ we - we pore 98 38 Sas An : ‘ ee 4nane nan : he eet teow we er et Fah ak 4 Oa eR Oe OC ek eet wk , s he tot ¥ the Wet be tae aie tor doe We Welt eae RH a oe ane a 64 + reeu 164d tee eel WL other by i boap he Merit a ch ah Fvseli ue iD yy ge ws , eer shave 7 Oe ek My Wey aie wes sew ae , , " : Mh hate pe) Whe IAA Pn Al AR ANP eA gly iw alee we / An ‘ ! ‘ wu | ret Le a kn oon $1 6-8 at Veg aed ane ne i] ANNALS DURBAN MUSEUM EDITED BY THE DIRECTOR, EK. C. CHUBB * VOLUME III. lst January, 1921, to 15th December, 1947. PRINTED BY E. P. & COMMERCIAL PRINTING Co. LTD., DURBAN, FOR THE DURBAN MUSEUM. Aginsoniy. | MAY 25 1953 LIBRARY Index to Genera and Specific Names. VOLUME III. iy Sane | \ 4 ; ~ PAGE Acomys : : Smo aeticola, Rattus:(A.).c—.. .. 36 Aethomys . i Nice DO africanus, Neaviereites . 48 albicaudatus, Mystromys 38 albinucha, Poecilogale . 34 Alope . Root fe agen Alpheus : 5 eS Amblysomus : oe) andromeda, Arge . F068 annulipes, Arge ° batt fh apicalis, Pegesimallus 110 soe : : ear OF armatus, Nerocila ee 23 Athalia : : ST) Athanas 3 5 qenae ks Atilax . ‘ 34 augur cei cnciss Phin: Jophus;: ——. : RLS augur zuluensis, Rhino- lophus : ahgeeeS australis, Alope_ . Soe a barkert, Arge : oe OO barker1, Scylaticus 110 bella marica, Leggada . 37 Bematiscus . : ota) bevis1, Distega ; Bel Feria bevist, Euryplax . Aig bevist, Ommatius . Blossia ; : aan en 00) Brachionopus , : 6 caffer, Hipposideros cala, Tetragonites calcaratus, Leptocerus calidior, Lemniscomys g. campestris, Saccostomus capensis, Mephitis catenatus, Parasesarma cauui, Herpestes s. chadwicki, Solpuga Cheerephon Chetodon chake, Rhabdomys Ds Chimarrha chriseos, Pachyura. chrysophilus, Rattus (Aethomys) chrysophilus acticola, Rattus (Aethomys) Chrysospalax chubb1, Monophadnus chubbw, Neolophonotus . Cloeon . coccinotenia, apanichihes concors, Athalia crassicaudatus umbrosus, Galago crassicaudatus zuluensis, Galago cvickit, Muniericeras? Crocidura Cryptomys cupreus, Otomys 1. Cynoglossus . PAGE 106 36 36 30 73 116 105 2 75 27 27 44 Index. PAGE Pace Dasymys . _ Beef Graphiurus . . 9384 Dehaanius . ey grimaldii, Athanas . Seale Dendromus . : OO) eriselda calidior, - dilectus, Rhabdomys p. 37 Lemniscomys . Vee dingani, Scotophilusn. . 29 griselda spinalis, Dinoplax aT Lemniscomys . sun Om Distega ‘ Ph betel dolichognathus, Bioceia Hadogenes . se falcifera_. 7 ty hanst, Arge Dido sae tO dorsalis, Mus of Hauericeras . : ees durbanensts, Coat oalocsic 2 heirz, Crocidura . , aS durbanensis, Hippolysmata 20 | Hlerpestes 34 hildebrandti, Rhinolopame 28 ae himantopus, Athalia . 76 engelt, Scylaticus . ise: bal lL Hippolysmata eras Epomophorus s Ee2s Hipposideros 98 LT ieee ; as dea hirta flavidula, Crocidnes 33 . hobbyt, Microstylum «i, ed faku, Madrasites . ey Hoploscaphites ae falcifera dolichognathus, hottentottus, Amblysomus 30 Blossia . ; 10 hottentottus, Cryptomys 38 Helishan so) POD flacca, Athalia ese S) Ictonyx ; » vd flavescens, Crocidura “> =32 impressus, Reuihe. on ae Havidtmla, Crocidnra iar... sos inclusa, Taterona . og ee incomta, Athalia . : 15 incomtus, Dasymys J 18h Galago. ; ; ye irroratus, Otomys ae galera, Herpestes . A at irroratus cupreus, Gaudryceras s = AT Otomys . ee gemmeus sheppardi, C ee ‘ mee jamesoni, Déndromus . 35 enetta : oS ie : georgensis, Ghia 2. AOS jorissem, Cryptomys Saad gigas, Dinoplax . oi eS | gigas validifossus, lacunosum, Cloeon . 105 Dinoplax . : meee) Laphria pike : . Ik grossus, Stichopogon . 112 Leggada ; ; . 36 Grammomys ee i eid) Lemniscomys : ie PAGE Lepadichthys ~°. 2 Leptocerus . ; aye lG6 Leptogaster . : 2 LOY) longiceps, Amblysomus. 31 Lophopeltis . og Paley Eupa: ‘ : sian macleaii, Dehaanius , 12 maculigera, Arge s. Jose 0) Madrasites . AT makrognathus, Spirontocaris 19 mamathesiana, Lophopeltis 2 eT marica, Leggada b. ar ea! marleyt, Chetodon é 1 martensi, Crocidura ARS mauritianus, Taphozous.. 28 -melanotis, Dendromus (P.) 35 Mephitis : : . 34 Merogymnus : . 114 Microstylum : ee ak ET microtis, Graphiurus . 34 minor, Merogymnus . 114 minutoides, Leggada . 36 Monophadnus : SF nL montium, Distega Aree mungo, Mungos . Jt a4 Mungos , : oac34 Muniericeras? » . AA murinus, Graphiurus . 34 Mus." ; : ahi OU Myosorex . ; waned Mystromys . ‘ a Oe nanus, Pipistrellus wes natalensis, Scelotes : 3 Neocrioceras f perl Neolophonotus nera, Phylloceras . Nerocila nigripes, Felis nigrita dingani, Scotophilus mitens, Leptogaster nitidus, Uca nyanse, Crocidura Ommatius Otomys Oxybeloceras Pachyura. : pallidus, Hadogenes t. paludinosus, Atilax papullata, Pseudoschlcenbachia . Parapachydiscus Parasesarma. Pegesimallus Petrodromus Phylloceras . Pipistrellus .. Poecilogale . poedulcus, Rattus (Aethomys) pondoensis, Chimarrha pratensis, Steatomys Pseudoschloenbachia pubescens, Lupa pumilio chake, Rhabdomys pumilio dilectus, Rhabdomys pumilus, Cherephon pumilis, Dendromus 110 105 Index. PAGE quadrinodosum, Oxybeloceras? . POO) quathlambe, Leptocerus 107 rapacida, Alpheus et ie! Rattus. ; 5 2236 rattus, Rattus : : 36 Rhabdomys . : Sera: Rhinolophus. ae robustus, Brachionopus. 6 rovume, Petrodromus (M.) : Bee 5\0) rowleyi, Otomys . 4 408 rubiginosa, Genetta .-° 38 Saccostomus. ; a Ao sanguineus cauul Herpestes » : . d4 Scelotes : ; 3 Sciluternay. = - . 45 sclateri, Myosorex Sear Scotophilus . : | 29 Scylaticus . : ~ , ENO selousi, Acomys . . ae, sheppard, Sylvisorex g. 32 similis, Madrasites f 48 Solpuga ; : : 8 spinalis, Lemniscomys g. 37 spinigerum, Neocrioceras 52 Spirontocaris : neds) Steatomys . : ce) Stichopogon i ol 2 striatus, Ictonyx . . 934 stuhlmanni, Arge . Lee fh, stuhImanni maculigera, Arge : - ane sugata, Hauericeras? sugillata, Arge surdaster, Grammomys . sylvia, Crocidura . Sylvisorex Taphozous Taterona tenuis, Myosorex . Tetragonites tigrina, Genetta trevelyani, Bematiscus . trichiurus pallidus, Hadogenes truncata, Athalia . Deaas% : ; umbrosus, Galago c. urania, Arge variabilis, Laphria validtfossus, Dinoplax g. varius, Mysorex villosus, Chrysospalax vollenhoveni, Athalia wahlbergi, Epomophorus woodst, Schluteria Xantho zambesiensis, Rhinolophus a. . zuluensis, Galago c. zuluensis, Rhinolophus a. PAGE 46 67 35 3d 32 28 3D Jl 42 33 30 11 76 17 27 68 112 19 31 36 76 28 45 13 ys Nain 2g 28 bi ¢ ae An ety re \ Ls VEEL: EX: b XI. Zelr. CONTENTS. Three New Fishes from South Africa, collected by MR. H. W. Bery Mar ey by C. TaTe RecA, M.A., AS ao oh cts at Nal RP CRE IG Save ncte otieclewes res On some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal by John fellate lose Ser cn sk Rea Pica eRe ee Quek en Ae aT Some Crustacea of Natal by the Rev. T. R. R. STEBBING, EIR Se Eb gS 0d SANS aratii 5 6 Le Pale ney oa eae On the Collection of South African Mammals in the Durban Museum by Po SIKERSHAW «..2...0.0..6c0+.. On Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Pondoland [py aller SP AME IMS CxGht Ge Sis iaiesh cate win dead wae s The Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland by W. J. Plows On Some South African Tenthredinoidea from the Durban Museum by Dr. RUNAR FORSIUS............ Notes on the Chiton, Dinoplax gigas with Descriptions of the Juvenile and various Varieties by EDWIN PNSEUB Ga lie eee RC Cel cet ck clea nee ee. « « Seciwe salve dvb sno cons An Hitherto Undescribed Pebble Industry of the Later Stone Age from the Natal Coast by J. F. SCHOFIELD, PA ASN tee. stoi Paset 20 Missle huis na ea be Pe rece) od Geological Traverse between Pietermaritzburg and Duran joy le Co Kine, Pus, DSc., F.G.S:...... May-flies and Caddas-flies from Natal, Basutoland and Pondoland by K. H. BARNARD, D.Sc....... he ye New South African Asilidae (Diptera) by S. W. JES CMGLIE S71 eds Gil Ds ee cane EOC ce RnR oe ee iil 12 27 39 58 67 T7 81 93 VIII. oXdT. LIST OF. PLATES. X antho nie hass0s (Lamarck). Euryplax bevist, sp. nov. Parasesarma catenatus (Ortmann). Wey ae ee a makrognathus, sp. nov. be: Ei iebproaie EHH, Sp. nov. LDwA a. Veber cienieon Ammonoidea from Pondoland. Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Pondoland, Pondoland Cretaceous Beds: 1. Right Bank of Umzamba River; 2. Caves known as “Tzindhluzabalungu’”; 3. Umzamba Cliff. , Dinoplax gigas alfredensis, Dinoplax gigas (juvenis) and Dinoplax gigas validifossus. ne Section of a Knoll at Tongaat; Pebble Implements” from Tongaat and Umhloti, Natal Coast. | », Pebble iihplememe from Tongaat and Umbhloti, Natal © Coast: Geological Section Along the Road between Maritzburg and Durban. DATE OF ISSUE (OF PARTS. Part 1, pages 1-38, issued 3lst January, Part 2, pages 39-66, issued 31st August, Part 3, pages 67-76, issued 31st July, Part 4, pages 77-80, issued 31st December, Part 5, pages 81-92, issued 31st March, Part 6, pages 93-104, issued 30th January, Part 7, pages 105-108, issued 30th August, Part 8, pages 109-117, issued 15th December, NEW GENERIC NAMES Lg21 eo Zi 1930. 1934. 1936. 1941. 1941. 1947, PROPOSED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME. Neocrioceras (Ammonoidea) p.51. Title page, etc. of Vol, II. “ANNALS-==s. f e { MARZ9 192 Vout Ul () Ge As he PART 1. \ xy / OF THE “tone! ase DURBAN MUSEUM EDITED BY THE CURATOR, EK. C. CHUBB. Issued, 31st January, 1921. PRICE 5/- NETT. PRINTED BY JOHN SINGLETON & SONS, DURBAN, FOR THE DurRBAN Museum. iy : The Annals a the Durban Museum as devoted d principally to Contents of previous issues. Fhe Vol. I, Part.1. | Published Ist June, 1914. Price) /. nee ne we I.—On Pelagic Entomostraca, by G, S. Brapy. la dis a) Be II.—On Bottlenose Porpoises (Lursiops), by F. W. True. eee ia Iil.—On further Pelagic Entomostraca, by G. 8. Brapy. (Plates Vv and 71). TY. —Descriptions of South African Birds Eggs, by E. C. Couns. \ Vol. I, Part 2. Published 15th May, 1915, Price 5/- nett. oi, V.—Anatomy of Fetal Sperm Whale, by F. E. Bepparp. (Plate VIN). VI.—Notes on Four-lunged’ Spiders, by Jonn Hewitr. ; VII.—Notes on Pelagic ‘Entomostraca, by G.S. Brapy. (Plates eee . VIII.—Anoplura and Mallophaga, by Ketnoge & Frrris. (Plates XV sin ae IX.—Rotifera from Natal, by C, F. Rousse.er. # X.—List of Mosquitos, by F. W. Epwarps. | Vol. I, Part 3. Published 20th April, 1916. Price Bie ett. XI.—Fishes from Natal, collected by Mr. Romer Ropinson, by C. Tate Recan. XII.—Description of a new Fish from Zululand, by G. A. BoULENGER. EAA | XITI.—A Hydroid parasitic on fishes, by ERNEST Warren. (Plates SVL, ah XIV.—Report on Bees, chiefly from Natal, by T. D. A. CockmreLn. ee X V.—Descriptions of several species of Arachnida, by Jonn Hewirt.: | XVI.—A new species of Solpwga from Zululand, by STANLEY Hirst, 0 eee XVII.—Mallophaga and Anoplura, with mammalian host-list, by G. F. Fern. ae 9 a XVIIT.—Note on Glossina brandoni and Danais petiverana, by FE. OC. Caveat) gis KIX. —Catalogue Ma Natal Marine Fishes (1), by Messrs. GILCHRIST & Tompson. nibs YW AN Main ale Tis faa Vol. I, Part 4. Published 21st May. 1917: “Price 5/4 nett. if EN XIX.—Catalogue of Natal Marine Fishes (2), by Messrs. Gitcurist & Thomo XX.—A new Silurid Fish from Natal, by G. A. BouLENaER. i XXI.—A new Bat (Otomops icarus), by E. C, Couns. (Plate rai XXIT.-Malacostraca of Durban Bay by T. R. R. STepsine, (Plates XXII XXII.—Melanic Aberrations of Butterflies, by C. N. Barker. (Pla a and XX'V). mek XXIV.— Additions to the Fish Fauna of Natal, by C. Tats Reaan. Me XXV.—New Records of Natal Bees, by T. D. A. CockRRELL, ‘ae XX VI.—New South African Aleta eer by A. J. T. JANsE. Dhan cb on third ani: of nti ANNALS DURBAN MUSEUM. ].—Three new Fishes from South Africa, collected by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley, by C. Tate Regan, M.A., F.R.S. (Published with the permission of the Trustees of the British Museum). CH#TODON MARLEYI, sp. nov. Form ovate; profile of head somewhat concave. Depth of body 12 in the length, length of head 34. Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 3 in length-of head; interorbital width 33. 45 scales in a longitudinal series, 7 from origin of dorsal to lateral line; scales much larger anteriorly than posteriorly ; series on upper half of body running obliquely upwards and backwards, forming an angle with the nearly horizontal lower series ; lateral line curved, running towards end of soft dorsal. Dorsal XI 24; fourth and fifth spines } last 2 length of head ;_ soft fin rounded, with the sixth to tenth rays longest. Anal IIIT 19. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Caudal truncate. Greyish, with a pearly spot on each scale below lateral line; a brownish median stripe from snout to interorbital region ; a brownish band from in front of dorsal fin through eye to chest, a second from third to sixth dorsal spines through base of pectoral to pelvics, a third from an oval blackish spot which overlaps last spine and first three (1) 2 oe New Fishes from South Africa. soft rays of dorsal to middle of anal, a fourth across caudal peduncle. Dorsal and anal fins reddish, with narrow pale edge and dark intra- marginal stripe; caudal with a dark pale-edged crossbar, convex anteriorly ; pelvics blackish. . Kast London, 40 fathoms. A single specimen, 140 mm. in total length. | Related to the Atlantic C. striatus, L., and C. robustus, Ginth., differing from both in coloration, structure of dorsal and anal fins, etc. Mr. K. H. Barnard informs me that in freshly caught specimens the coloration is silvery, and the spots on the scales are yellow. CYNOGLOSSUS DURBANENSIS, Sp. nov. Depth of body 34 to 3} in the length, length of head 5} to 52. Snout + length of head; interocular width somewhat less than diameter of eye, which is about 10 in length of head. Angle of mouth below middle or posterior part of lower eye, nearer end of mouth than gill-opening. Posterior nostril between eyes. Dorsal 101-105. Anal 80-84. Scales ctenoid on both sides; two lateral lines on left side ; 18 to 20 series of scales between them ; no lateral line on right side. Body with large dark blotches or irregular cross-bars ; numerous smaller dark spots on head, body and fins. | Durban. Three specimens, 140-190 mm. in total length. This species is near C. bengalensis, Bleek., but is distinguished by the larger number of scales in a transverse series. LEPADICHTHYS COCCINOT-ENIA, Sp. nov. Very similar in form and coloration to L. frenatus, Waite. (Rec. Austral. Mus. V, 1904, p. 180, pl. XXIV, fig. 2) from Lord Howe Island, but with fewer rays, the dorsal fin with 13, the anal with 11 (D.16; A. 13,in LZ. frenatus). ‘Teeth uniserial, close-set, compressed, pointed, in the upper jaw with the points deflected so that the teeth appear incisiform. Yellowish ; upper lip scarlet, the colour continued as a scarlet stripe through eye to operculum ; less distinct stripes at base of dorsal and anal fins. | Durban. A single specimen, 40 mm, in total length. I1.—On some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal, by ~ John Hewitt, B.A., Director of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, OrpER LACERTILIA. According to his account in the ‘ Reise nach Mossambique,’ Herpe- tosaura was originally proposed by W. Peters to replace Lithophilus of A. Smith, the latter name being pre-occupied. In such case, the genotypes should be Lithophilus wornatus and L. bicolor, species which have both been included in the genus Scelotes since the publication of Boulenger’s great work in the British Museum Catalogue of Lizards. In separating their genera from Scelotes, both Smith and Peters were chiefly impressed by the complete absence of hind limbs, a character rightly rejected as generic by Boulenger, for variation in limb characters is very great within the limits of the genus Scelotes, even in its restricted sense. Another character which hitherto has seemed of greater importance, being used by Boulenger to separate his genus Herpetoseps from Scelotes, depends on whether or not the palatine bones meet along the midline of the palate. Herpetoseps, founded on the species H. anguina taken near Port Elizabeth, was however, abandoned by its author in favour of Herpetosaura when it was found that one of Peter’s species of that genus was also characterised by the possession of separated palatines. But this palatine character now seems to me quite unsatisfactory, for HL SSIS EE between the extreme condition are known. SCELOTES NATALENSIS, sp. nov. (Text-fig. 1). This is founded on two specimens from Durban, collected 16th June, 1918, by Mr. S. Collins and now in the Durban Museum. They are superficially much like Herpetosaura anguina, Blgr., both in colour and scaling. However, the palatines are in contact along the median Jine, though only for a short distance, and there is what may prove to be a characteristic colour feature in the complete absence of dark spots on both chin and throat, whereas in anguina only the chin is devoid of black pigmentation. The lateral surfaces of the body in anguina are also more deeply pigmented than in the Durban specimens, a more (3) 4 Some Lnzards and Arachnids of Natal or less continuous dark dorsolatera] streak or band being present, whereas the dark spots on the sides of the Durban specimens do not fuse up into streaks or bands. In the scaling of the head, the fronto- nasal seems relatively larger than that of anguina, its length being about twice that of a supra-nasal, whereas in anguina the fronto-nasal is hardly 14 times as long as the supra-nasal. These specimens are also in general agreement with Boulenger’s description of Scelotes vmornatus, Smith, in the Brit. Mus. Catalogue, which seems to have been drawn up from Smith’s type of the species and from a specimen taken at Port Natal. They do not agree, however, with Smith’s original description, for the type of Lithophilus wnornatus had the colour of the under parts ‘“ wine-yellow,” and although the upper and lateral surfaces were said to be darkly spotted, such was apparently not the case ventrally ; further, the fact that TextT-Fic. l. A\. I ae Palates of several species of ScELOTES, Fitring. A—natalensis, sp. nov., from Durban. B—gwuentheri, Blgr., from Lourencgo Marques. C—avguina, Blgr., from Bathurst coast. D—mira, Roux, from Forbes Reef. D!—wmzra, Roux, half-grown specimen. Smith recorded his species from “arid situations in the interior of Southern Africa” makes the identity of Durban specimens with inornatus still more doubtful. In the Natal Museum there isa single specimen from Kosi Bay, Zululand, which was labelled by Mr. Boulenger as Scelotes inornatus. It agrees with the types of 5. na‘alensis in having the chin and throat quite pale, without dark spots: it differs, however, in that the palatines are united for a considerable distance, just as in a typical Scelotes, and further the fronto-nasal scute is not so long as in natalensis. | Another variety which seems to be similar to the Durban form, so 52. yw by John Hewitt. 4) far as one can judge from the rather brief account of its author, was described by Peters from Manische, near Inhambane, under the name of Lerpetosaura wmornata, var. mossambica: this was referred by Boulenger to Scelotes onornatus. Another quite distinct species is known to me from Natal and Zululand. Although the head scaling thereof, as I have previously pointed out, differs in important respects (absence of post-nasals, ‘temporals elongated) from the description of Scelotes guentherz, Blgr., it should probably be referred to that species, and two such specimens from the junction of the Umfolosi Rivers, Zululand, now in the Natal Museum, were thus identified by Boulenger himself: the type is apparently an aberrant specimen. Of this species, the Transvaal Museum possesses a large series of specimens from Portuguese East Africa, in all of which, according to Mr. G. van Dam, the hind limb rudiment is present. In these specimens, the palatines are united for a considerable distance and thus the species is easily distinguished from natalensis, quite apart from the hind limb rudiment. In view of the more or less intermediate nature of the palatines in natalensis, it seems to me no longer desirable to maintain the genus Herpetosaura (or Herpeto- seps) as distinct from Scelotes. The Transvaal Museum has two interesting specimens of a Scelotes from Forbes Reef, Swaziland. These seem to be referable to Herpetosaura mira, Roux. The smaller example has the palatines in contact, just as in a typical Scelotes: the larger one has the palatines just separated, and thus falls in the Herpetosaura group. This species, though resembling H. anguina in the head scaling, is clearly not closely related thereto, considering the pentadactyl limbs, the distinct ear opening, and the body colouration which is paler at the sides than above. On the other hand, in spite of the resemblance in limb characters, it does not seem to be allied to S. capensis, which has a transparent lower eyelid and a post-nasal scute. Nevertheless, the eyelid character does not exclude mira from the pentadacty]l group of Scelotes, for three of the Malagasy species are like mira in this respect : but, these three species all have a distinct post-nasal scute. The absence of a post-nasal, again, does not separate mira from all the limbed species of the genus, for S. bipes is without that scute, and perhaps also tridactylus, the description of which contains no allusion to this character. 6 Some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal The palate of the new species, and of its several allies, is illustrated in the accompanying figures. OrDER ARANEA. BRacCHIoNnopPus RoBuSTUS, Pocock. P.Z.S. 1897, p. 740. (Text-fig. 2). The male of this species has not yet been described, although no less than four species have been established on female characters. An adult male from Bellair, Natal, collected by Mr. E. C. Chubb (3rd October, 1919), seems to me very probably the male of robustus, the type female of which was said to have come from East London. Comparing it with the known males of the genus Harpactirella, it-is remarkable in the shortness of the legs.. The carapace is as long as the metatarsus and { of the tarsus of the fourth leg, or as long as the tibia, metatarsus and 2 of the tarsus of the first leg. First leg not modified. In legs I and II the patelle, tibiz, and metatarsi, are TExT-FIG. 2. BRACHIONOPUS ROBUSTUS, Poc. Palp of adult male from Bellair, Natal. by John Hewitt. 7 approximately equal in length. Metatarsi I and II with a single short spine at the apex inferiorly. Tibia I with two spines at the apex inferiorly, the inner one being long and strong and slightly curved: it arises from a small inconspicuous tubercle. Tibia I stouter than the metatarsus, but not specially incrassated towards the apex: it is about } as long as the distance from fovea to hind-margin of ocular tubercle. Tibia IT a little weaker than I, with two spines at apex inferiorly. Metatarsus IV with two long strong spines on the posterior surface superiorly and three pairs of long spines on the anterior surface; also a pair of spines at the apex inferiorly. Tarsal scopule entire, those of leg IV with some long hairs intermixed. Meta- tarsi all scopulate, but scopule intermingled with long hairs on I and II, and divided by sete and long hairs in III and IV. Labium with about six very small denticles, and maxilla with a group of about 15. Chelicera with nine teeth, a few rastellar bristles but no definite rastellum, and without any stridulatory bristles although a pair of long sete, representing a ventral group of stridulatory bristles, is present just above the ventral fringe. There is no proper scopula on the chelicera, but silky hairs arranged in about four longitudinal bands do occur on the outer surface dorsally. Process of palpal organ long and filiform, drawn out to a fine point. Spinners small, the apical segment short and obtuse, a little shorter than second segment. The colour characters seem to be similar to those of the type female. Length of carapace 6:3 mm. ; breadth of carapace 5:15 mm. ; length of palp 9mm.; of first leg 15°4 mm.; of second leg 14 mm.; of third leg 12°5 mm. ; of fourth leg 17-9 mm. If the genus is, as I believe, very closely related to Harpactirella, a comparison between this species and the male of Harpactirella magna shews how very unimportant a character the length of the spinners may be. The spinners in the male of //. magna are very long and slender, the terminal segment longer that the middle segment, and thus quite different from those of a typical Barychelid such as B. robustus. Dr. Purcell, referring to the female of magna, also described the spinners as having apical segment long and terete. In this group of spiders the length of the spinners varies concurrently with that ofthe legs. Thusit cannot rightly be used in discriminating between families, and, considering the wide range of spinneret variation within the genus Harpactirella, it is doubtful if on this 8 Some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal character Brachionopus should be kept distinct therefrom. The absence of a well defined spur on the first tibia of the adult male in Brachionopus may be of generic value, but secondary sexual characters are apt to be erratic. OrpER SOLIFUGA. SOLPUGA CHADWICKI, sp. nov. (Text-fig. 3). This species is founded on a series of adult male and female specimens collected at Weenen by Mr. J. M. K. Chadwick during the latter part of December, 1919, and the first week of January, 1920. It is closely related to strepsiceros, Krpln. of Barberton ; serraticornis, Pure. of Bulawayo ; and spiralicornis, Purc. of the Zoutpansberg and Barberton districts. The jaws and flagellum are stouter than in any of these species, and the shaft of the flagellum differently and more strongly curved. It is just possible that S. caffra, Pocock, founded on two adult female specimens from Estcourt, may actually belong to this species, but as it is quite impossible to identify species of this genus from female characters, I ignore those which are founded only on females. Flagellum. The basal enlargement is high and well rounded, the inner surface flattened, outer surface swollen. Procurrent portion of shaft very short, the anterior band situated over the second tooth. In side view, the shaft presents two curves with a sinus between them in its course; the first is a bold curve immediately above the basal enlargement, then follows a well marked sinus, and afterwards the terminal curve which is weaker than the first one, the shaft towards its tip becoming straight. Viewed from above, the shaft is seen to be twisted outwards at the sinus. On its outer side near the summit of the distal curve, there is a slight lateral extension of the membrane extending for a short distance alung the shaft and terminating abruptly distally; this extension has serrated and prickly edges, which serrations extend proximally almost as far as the base of the sinus. Over the greater portion of its length the shaft is more or less subcylindric ; it is expanded but not greatly flattened at the anterior band. At the apex it is acuminately pointed, the end being not far from the ocular tubercle. by John Hewitt. 9 Dentition. Inner surface of upper jaw superiorly with a small denticle above the first tooth. Terminal fang of moderate length. Two small teeth between the second and fifth which are large. Feather bristles well developed on the inner surface. Terminal fang of lower jaw strong, the distance from its tip to the tip of the first tooth being scarcely 14 times the distance between the first and third teeth. Lower jaw strong, with good development of bristles on its inner surface but most of these are not feathered. Upper surface of chelicerze with bristles and very slender spines. Measurements. Length of flagellum 6:6 mm.; breadth of head-plate 75mm ; length of patella of palp 10 mm.; of tibia and tarsus of palp 10 mm.; of patella of fourth leg 9°5 mm. TExtT-FIc. 3. SOLPUGA CHADWICKI, sp. noy. A—Left chelicera with flagellum, seen from mesial side. B—Shaft of flagelium, seen from above. Colour. Appendages dull brown, the distal segments of the legs quite pale, the proximal segments slightly infuscated. Head-plate and chelicerze pale, owing to the abundance of short pale yellowish setz scattered over the surfaces, as well as long bristles. Abdominal tergites, except sometimes the first, are black ; sides of abdomen with pale yellow hairs, becoming more golden near the tergites. The female has two small intermediate teeth in the upper jaw. It is darker than the male, the chelicere, head-plate and appendages being a dark olive-brown ; abdominal tergites black, sides of abdomen with golden hairs. Distal segments of legs (tibiz and tarsi), especially of I-III, devoid of dark pigment, 10 Some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal Measurements. Width of head-plate 8'4 mm.; length of tarsus, plus tibia of palp, 8 mm.; of patella of palp 7 mm.; of patella of fourth leg 7°25 mm.; of tibia of fourth leg 6°5 mm. Most of the specimens sent by Mr. Chadwick were found running about the shale at midday on 16th December, a very hot day after rains. Juvenile specimens were caught with great difficulty, being very quick in their movements, and often disappearing down holes in the ground. BLOSSIA FALCIFERA DOLICHOGNATHUS, Hwtt. (Text-fig. 4). This form described from Douglas, C.P., has recently (16th Decem- ber, 1919) been taken at Weenen, Natal, by Mr. J. M. K. Chadwick, who wrote of it as follows: ‘‘ Without exception, these are found under stones; usually on the outside of the impression made by the stone in a small chamber looking like the run of a termite. They are very easily taken, as they seem to be blinded by the sun and wander aimlessly in circles. I should say they are undoubtedly nocturnal.” This is the first record of the genus in Natal. TExtT-FIG. 4. BLossiA FALCIFERA DOLICHOGNATHUS. Distal portion of upper jaw of male, shewing isolated group of three enlarged feather bristles at base of flagellum. The arrangement of the distal feather bristles of the upper jaw is a noteworthy feature of falcifera. The three distal bristles are consider- ably enlarged, and form a compact group well separated from the rest of the series. The group closely adjoins the base of the flagellum which it apparently protects. Thus, there is considerable resemblance between this arrangement and that found in the genus C'eroma. A similar condition is found in b. filicornis, but in most species of Blossia, and in Hemiblossia, the series of feather bristles is continuays throughout, as in females. A pes by John Hewitt. 11 OrpER SCORPIONES. HADOGENES TRICHIURUS PALLIDUS, Poc. We have adult male and female examples of this form from Weenen (J. M. K. Chadwick and H. L. Bulcock). Though originally described by Mr. Pocock as a distinct species (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, 2, p. 198), it is clearly only a variety of trichiwrus. It resembles /. trichiurus caffer, Mihi, in most respects, but differs therefrom chiefly in that the caudal segments of the male are not so slender as in caffer, or asin whitei, being deeper in proportion to the length, and the vesicle is bigger and stouter than in either of those species; in the male of caffer and of whitei, the upper margin of the fifth caudal segment is almost straight and sub-parallel with the inferior margin, whereas in pallidus it is more distinctly arched. The male vesicle in its lower half has granular surfaces ; in caffer, the surface is either quite smooth or may be more or less granulated. In the female the upper margin of fifth caudal segment is continu- ously, though weakly, denticulated as in whiter; in caffer, only a few very weak denticulations occur. In the female of pallidus the terminal tooth of superior crest of caudal segment IV is scarcely enlarged and certainly not subspiniform ; in the female of caffer it is considerably enlarged and practically sub- spiniform. Pectines. Male 18:20 mm. ; female 14:16 mm. Measurements : 3 Q Length first caudal segment ...- 13°8 7:35 Breadth _,, i 3 Pe Ba) 3 Height behind _,, Pte? Aer 8 Length second _,, ie nee me tha 8:8 Length third __,, ‘a a 18°8 9 Length fourth _,, ss eee Oram 10) Length fifth 2 HG) a Oa” Height of second caudal seement behind to tip of spine £5, 59 Oty, Length of carapace ... eoipme VAcAy ? L3"5 Length of movable finger aes ne 13:5 Length of vesicle aie She 9°5 8:1 Breadth of vesicle... ie 3 2°6 Depth of vesicle ee a 4 3:1 The specimens from Weenen are light brown in colour, being paler than either caffer or whiter. I11.—Some Crustacea of Natal, by the Rey. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Wirn Puares I-V. HE numerous specimens of Crustacea accumulated in the Durban Museum by members of the staff, with the assiduous help of Mr. Bell Marley, would have been more methodically treated by dealing thoroughly first with one tribe and then with another. But various conditions of the work, and the worker, have brought about the offering, such as it is, of occasional notes rather than a formal treatise. Of the twelve species discussed in the present contribution only three claim to be new. Trine OX YRRHYNCHA. FAMILY ACANTHONYCHID A. Genus DEHAANIUS, McLeay. See these Annals, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 49; 1918. DEHAANIUS MACLEAII (Krauss). 1843. Acanthonyx macleari, Krauss, Die siidafrik. Crust., p. 47, pl. 3, fig. 6. 1900. Dehaanius macleayri, Stebbing, Gilchrist’s Marine Invest., volo, p20: 1900. D. macleavi, Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. vi, pt. 4, p. 288. In 1900 I snggested the probability that this species might be synonymous with Dehaanius dentatus (Milne Edwards) and with D. quadridentatus (Krauss). The latter form and the present have both been sent me by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley from pools at Isipingo, Natal. But while there are no intermediate forms, it would be rash to unite them. The specimen agreeing with D. maclear (Krauss) is 6 mm, (12). by Rev. T. Rk. R. Stebbing. 13 long in the median line of the carapace and all but 5 mm. wide between the small postero-lateral teeth. The male specimen described by Krauss was 7 lines long by 4:5 lines broad, therefore very much larger than ours, yet exactly agreeing in shape. The colour, after long preservation in spirit, is red, with a small pale patch between the hindmost teeth. The legs are also red, with white fingers. \ TrinE CYCLOMETOPA. Famity PORTUNID A. Genus LUPA, Leach, 1813. See Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. vi, p. 307; 1910. Lupa PUBESCENS, Dana. 1852. Lupa pubescens, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xii, p. 274, pl. 16, figs. 9a-c, p, p’, p’. A specimen from from Durban bay, collected by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley, has the carapace measuring 23 mm. between the tips of the hindmost lateral teeth, with a length of 13 mm, the shape agreeing well with Dana’s figure, except that the ninth antero-lateral tooth is slightly less pronounced, and the four equal frontal teeth are more rounded than he represents. Label 143. Famity XANTHIDA. Genus XANTHO, Leach, 1815. XANTHO IMPRESSUS (Lamarck). Plate I. 1818. Cancer impressus, Lamarck, H. N. Anim. sans vert., vol. v, p. 272. 1898. Xantho impressus, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. Ixvil, pp. 113, 115, 14 Some Crustacea of Natal Alcock, from whom I borrow the first reference, supplies the synonymy down to 1898. Dr. de Man, in 1887, notices a young male specimen as ‘“‘this very rare species,” and gives the measurement of the carapace as 38 mm. broad, 22 mm. long. In our female specimen the measurement is 27 by 16 mm. The surface of the carapace is very much pitted and the sternum still more conspicuously. The pleon attracted attention by two large but unequal tubercles on the last segment. Their unsymmetrical position, however, makes it probable that they are an accidental malformation. The terminal margin, obscured by the tubercles, appears to be trifid, and all the other segments of the pleon are trilobed. The mouth-organs are normal, mandibles strong, first and second maxillipeds weak, especially in comparison with the third pair, in which the third and fourth joints of the endopod and the main joint of the exopod are broad and hard. The chelipeds as preserved are white, and though minutely pitted might be described as smooth ; the confronting edges of the fingers are denticulate. The ambulatory limbs have ‘“ both edges of the dactylopodites covered with thick short fur,” as described by Alcock for the male. The sharp tips are horn-coloured. Locality. The specimen was taken by Mr. A. L. Bevis at Umkomaas. TrRinE CATOMETOPA. In her very important and comprehensive treatise (U.S. Nat. Mus., Bulletin 97, 1918), Miss Rathbun adopts Borradaile’s well-known classification, published in 1907, and in introducing ‘‘ The Grapsoid or Catometopous crabs of America” remarks that ‘The term Catometopa or ‘square-fronted’ was early applied to a group of crabs which was contrasted with the Cyclometopa or ‘round-fronted ’ crabs. These terms were abandoned because the one group was found to merge gradually into the other. The name Brachyhyncha was given to the whole.” Further, Miss Rathbun observes that ‘the so-called Catometopa contain many types that are not ‘square-fronted.’” It should, however, be noted that Catometopa does not mean ‘square- fronted’ but ‘down-fronted,’ in reference to the bending down of the inter-orbital front. One may reflect that, accepting the principle of evolution, groups will be found obstinately merging one into the — other, however you change the names in classification, | by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. 15 Famity GONOPLACIDA. In the above-cited treatise Miss Rathbun observes that “‘ the family Gonoplacide links the Catometopes to the Cyclometopes and is most closely allied to the family Xanthide.”’ Genus HURYPLAX, Stimpson. 1859. Huryplax, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vii, p. 60 [Rathbun]. 1900. #., C. G. Young, West Indian Stalk-eyed Ghucthces p. 256. 1918. #., Rathbun, The Grapsoid Crabs of America, p. 34. Carapace broad, transverse, hexagonal, antero-lateral margins short [very short, Stimpson], dentate, front nearly half as broad as the carapace ; ocular peduncles of moderate length ; chelipeds heavy, not very unequal ; all segments of pleon distinct, first narrow and little developed, second widest. Some points mentioned by Stimpson are “omitted as not distinctly observed in the following species. EURYPLAX BEVISI, sp. nov. Plate II. From the two species earlier known this is easily distinguished by several characters. The antero-lateral margins have four strong teeth instead of only three, the carapace broadest at the hindmost, with its surface diversified by numerous rows of minute spinules or setules. The strong chelipeds are strikingly furnished with conspicuous rows of granules and projecting spines or teeth. Of teeth there are three on the inner margin of the fourth joint, the fifth has a large one near its inner margin, and two small ones on the outer border; the hand has two that are lateral. All are conspicuous by their dark tips. The outer border of the strongly curved finger is smovth but trilobed. The cutting-plate of the mandible is oval ; on the inner-side it has a sharp oblique ridge. In the robust contiguous third maxillipeds the fourth joint is much shorter than the third has its antero-internal angle deeply incised for the fifth joint. The pecularities of the slight maxille and second maxillipeds may be judged from the figures, but the other species have not offered material for comparison. ‘The first antenne fold transversely. ‘The fingers of the chele have dark patches 16 Some Crustacea of Natal not quite reaching the tips. The telson is acutely triangular, longer than its breadth at the base. Greatest breadth of carapace 23 mm., median length 17 mm. | Locality. Umkomaas, Natal, where the specimen was obtained by Mr. A. L. Bevis, in regard to whom the species is named. Famity SESARMID 2. Genus PARASESARMA, de Man, 1895. See Ann. Durban Mus,, vol. ii, pt. i, p. 10, 1917, and add Sesarma. Rathbun, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 97, p. 284; 1918. PARASESARMA CATENATUS (Ortmann). Plate ITT. 1905. Sesarma catenatum, Stebbing, Marine Invest. 8. Afr., vol. iv, pt. 3, p. 44. 1917. Parasesarma catenatus, Stebbing, Ann. Durban Mus., vol. ii, pt, ps=l0: | The figure of the cheliped which Ortmann gives in 1897 inclined me to regard the Durban specimens as a distinct species, but a renewed consideration of his description, which I have already quoted and discussed in 1905, confirms the opinion there adopted. Ina specimen from Delagoa Bay, obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard, the felting is extended to all the ambulatory limbs and prolonged on to the dactyls. The specimen from which the figures are drawn was procured by Mr. D. R. Boyce in Durban Bay. Famity OCYPODIDZ. Genus UCA, Leach, 1814. See these Annals, vol. ii, pt. i, p. 14; 1917. Uca nitipus (Dana). 1851. Gelasimus nitidus, Dana, Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 248 (Conspectus, p 2). : by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. ; jy Bao2e)G.2., Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp.; vol. xiii, p. 316 (1855, pl. 19, figs. 5a—d). 1852. G.n., Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol. xviii, p. 147. 1852. G. vocans, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xvii, p. 145, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a, 4b. 1891. G. v., de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. xiii, pp. 20, 23, pl. 2, fig. 5. 1900. G. marionis, var. nitidus, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix, pp. 356, 360. It is to this form that I made a passing allusion when discussing Uca arcuatus (de Haan) in 1917. While Uca marionis (Desmarest), 1823, or Uca cultrimanus (White), 1847, may possibly claim priority, on a comparison of figures and descriptions Dana’s xitidus seems to have the clearest title to recognition. The much older name, vocans, used by Milne Edwards cannot be identified with the original species entitled to that name. Our Durban specimen measures 23 mm. in breadth by 16 mm. in length. ‘The hand of the large claw is 44 mm. long, the fixed finger slightly outreaching the movable one, its cutting edge traversed with granules of which one is prominent at the base, another about midway, and a large triangular lobe preceding the outdrawn apex. ‘The crests on the inner surface of the palm are extremely prominent,” as described by Alcock. The front is exceedingly narrow. MACRURA GENUINA. Tring CARIDEA. Famity ALPHEIDA. Genus ATHANAS, Leach. 1814. Athanas, Leach, Edinb. Encycel., vol. vii, p. 432. 1817. A., Leach, Malac. Podophth. Britanniv, text to pl. 44. 1894. A., Ortmann, Jenaische Denksch, vol. viii, p. 12 [de Man]. 1899. A., Coutiere, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., vol. ix, pp. 4, 175, 204. 18 Some Crustacea of Natal 1905. A., Coutiere, P, Mald. et Lacc. Arch., vol. ii, pt. 4, p. 356. - 1908.’ A., Coutiere, Bull. Soc. Philom., vol. xi, no. 5; pi2 1910. A., Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1908, p. 119. 1911. A., de Man, Siboga-Exp., Alpheide, vol. xxxixa', pp. 133, 144, 161, 172 (1915, pls. 1-8). ATHANAS GRIMALDI, Coutiere. 1911. Athanas grimaldii, Coutiére, Bull. Oceanogr. Monaco, no. 197 [de Man]. 1911. A.g., de Man, Siboga-Exp., vol. xxxixa}, p. 146. A specimen obtained in Durban waters by Mr. D. R. Boyce has a carapace 6 mm. long, with pleon twice that length. It belongs to that which de Man distinguishes as the nitescens-group, having “legs of the first pair with the carpi and the chele directed straight forward, merus short,” unlike the dimorphus-group, in which the carpi and chele directed backward fit in the elongate excavate merus. As, however, is shown by de Man’s own species, A. parvus, the merus in the first group is not always particularly short. In the Durban specimen it shows a comparative brevity. Here the larger chela of the first pair is on the right, 6 mm. long, the merus half that length, and the movable finger about half the length of the palm. The finger’s inner margin is crenulate and fringed with stiff setules opposed to a similar fringe on the fixed finger over the tip of which it gently curves. The left chela is much slighter, with the merus as long as the palm. In the second pair the chela is rather shorter than the first jointlet of the wrist, which equals the third, fourth and fifth combined, the second and third equal one to the other and together to the fifth, the fourth intermediate in length between the third and fifth. The last three perzeopods have the microscopic tooth near the point of the finger, discussed in de Man’s footnote. Genus ALPHEUS, Fabricius, 1798. See these Annals, vol. ii, p. 122 ALPHEUS RAPACIDA, de Man. 1908. Alpheus rapacida, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. xxx, p. 105. 1911. A.7r., de Man, Siboga-Exp., Alpheide, vol. xxxixa', pp. 324, 394 (1915, pl. 20, figs. 91, 9la~f). by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. 19 The Durban specimen obtained by Mr. D. R. Boyce, which I refer to this species, was unfortunately devoid of the first pereeopods. It evidently belongs to de Man’s brevirostris-group of the genus. The antenne agree with his description of the species. The third maxilli- peds also agree with his account, in which he specially notes that the margins of the terminal joint “‘are beset with long sete, those at the tip being one-and-a-half as long as the joint itself.” The second perzeopods have the five joints of the wrist tallying well with his precise measurements, which I cannot rival, but roughly it may be said that the first two joints are equal and considerably the longest, while the fifth is longer than either the third or fourth. The finger, however, of the third perzeopods is not half as long as the preceding joint, in this respect differing much from de Man’s.account. ‘The fifth pereopod, which he does not describe, is notably more slender than the third. The length of the carapace is 8 mm., and of the pleon about 13 mm. ; . Famity HIPPOLYTID A. Genus SPIRONTOCARIS, Bate, 1888. see Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xv, p. 91; 1915. SPIRONTOCARIS MAKROGNATHUS, sp. nov. Plate IV. The specimen belongs to that section of the genus in which the rostrum is both short and narrow, as is the case with S. washington- tanus, Rathbun, 1902, S. profundus, Rathbun, 1906, and by my own S. pax, 1915. In the new species the rostrum scarcely extends beyond the eyes, and appears to be devoid of ventral teeth. A small tooth on the body of the carapace is followed by a pair of teeth nearly at the base of the orbits, then by a median tooth and finally by two minute teeth leading in succession to the acute apex. ‘The specific name, meaning long-jaw, refers to the striking elongation of the third maxilliped, in contrast with its own diminutive exopod and with the small second maxilliped, which was firmly adherent to its base. The exact limits of the joints in this second maxilliped are difficult to discern. at 20 Some Crustacea of Natal Though the members of the first pair of chelipeds are similar in structure, that on the right hand of the specimen is much the more massive ; the fingers are closely contiguous and short in comparison with the palm. As usual the delicate chelipeds of the second pair with the seven-jointed wrist are carefully concealed when not in use, at least to judge by the difticulty of bringing them into view for dissection. The short stout fingers of the ambulatory limbs differ from those of S. pax in having no spine behind the unguis. From that species the present differs also much in the stouter flagellum of the first antenna, which is here nearly as long as the peduncle and carries a slender terminal ; the other flagellum is twice as long as the peduncle. It should be noticed, however, that there is a slight difference in length between the two members of the first pair of antenne. On the telson I find only two pairs of dorsal spines, spaced on the lower half. The truncate apex has a smaller spine at each corner and is fringed with long sete, the series of which is continued up along the sides more than half way. The length of the carapace is nearly 13 mm. the rest of the body measured round the curve to the apex of the telson accounting for another 30 mm. Locality. Durban waters. Genus HIPPOLYSMATA, Stimpson. 1860. Hippolysmata, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Philad., vol. xii, p. 95 (26). 1914. #., Kemp, Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. x, pt. 2, no. 4, p. 112: 1916. #., Kemp, Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. xii, pt. 8, no. 7, ppsoea yume 1919. #., Stebbing, Ann. Durban Mus., vol. i1, pt. 3, p. 119, pl. 18. In Mr. Kemp’s papers useful references will be found to other writers on this genus and its allies. HIPPOLYSMATA DURBANENSIS, sp. nov. Plate V. This little species shares with several others longitudinal stripes of red, the lines being constituted by numerous little dots of colour. The specimens were obtained by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley along with many other species cast up on the beach in Durban Bay. The individual figured is a female, which was loaded with small round white eggs. The species of the genus to which it shows rather close affinity are Spence Bate’s Mauticaris wnirecedens (which Kemp agrees with de Man in making a synonym of Hippolysmata vittatus, Stimpson), — a —_—- . = by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. 91 and H. dentatus, Kemp. From the latter it is decisively separated by the fact that the fingers of the last three pereopods are not simple. _ These fingers seem also to exclude //. vittatus, for in that species Kemp says “On the last three legs there are five or six dactylar spines which increase in size as they approach the apex (fig 8).” His figure shows five teeth including the apex which reaches beyond the large fourth spine. In our species there are only three to four ‘‘dactylar spines” and the apex is very slight, not reaching beyond the preceding strong jointed spine. 3 The specimen figured was the largest available, being about an inch in length, giving 9 mm. for the carapace and rostrum, and 16 mm. for the pleon. The rostrum is slender, tapering, with six teeth above and five of smaller dimensions below. At some distance to the rear is a tooth on the carapace, such as suggested the specific name in Bate’s unvrecedens. A rather smaller specimen, with carapace and rostrum 8-5 mm., and pleon 14 mm. long, has the apical part of the rostrum upturned, eight teeth above and six below, with the receding tooth on the carapace less remote than in the other specimen. ‘This last detail applies to a third specimen, in which, however, the rostrum is quite straight and has nine teeth on its upper margin. The telson tapers to a blunt end from which a very small median tooth or spine obtrudes, flanked by a single pair of divergent spines, beneath which are planted five long plumose sete contrasting with the seeming simplicity of the long sete fringing the telson’s sides. In the second antenne the distal tooth is almost level with the distal border. The mandibles and other mouth-organs do not seem to differ materially from those of Hahippolysmdata. The fingers of the short and comparatively stout first peraeopods close together completely or with a very narrow gap, and the wrist is longer than the palm, instead of shorter as in //. manleyr, described in these Annals in March, 1919. The wrist of the second perzopods is composed of about twenty-one jointlets of which that nearest the hand is the longest, the total being rather longer than the third and fourth joints combined. The third joint is rather longer than the fourth and in both subdivision, if present, is very obscure. The third perzeopod is much stouter and somewhat longer than the second, having a fourth joint subequal to the second’s third and fourth combined. Its much shorter fifth joint is distinguished by.a protruding apex. The short finger is as long as the hand of the second pereopod. Its inner margin carries three spines, of which the first is very small, but the Some Crustacea of Natal bo. bo. third large, exceeding the finger’s slender apex.’ The fourth and fifth pereeopods resemble the third in all essential characters. In the account of /H. marleyz I overlooked its agreement with JH. kiikenthali (de Man) in having no spine or denticle at the antero- lateral angle of the carapace, and in the “ fingers of the first perceopods, when closed, meeting throughout their length” (Kemp), but it differs by the relative shortness of the wrist in the first perceopods, the spinulation of the last three perzopods, and the absence of the two - pairs of apical spines from the telson. Genus ALOPE, White, 1847. ALOPE AUSTRALIS, Baker. (Text-fig. 5). For the genus and species see these Annals, vol. ii, pt. 3, p. 121, pl. 2b ey IES) ah: Mr. Kemp (Ree. Ind. Mus., vol. x, pp. 83, 89; 1914), notes that in _ this species ‘‘ the incisor process of the mandible is obsolete,” whereas in A. palpalis, White, the type species, this process is present, though considerabiy reduced. A specimen from Durban, obtained by Mr. Boyce, has enabled me in the text-figure to show some details of the Text-Fic. 5. ALOPE AUSTRALIS, Baker. Apex of mandible. mandible of A. australis. In these the quinquedentate plate seems to represent an incisor process, though its position makes it part of the molar. The specimen was 28 mm. long, of which the carapace accounted for 10 mm. In Acanthephyra brachytelsonis, Bate, I have shown how the broad dentate incisor process is actually attached to the molar. See Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xv, p. 97, 1915, and vol. xvii, pl. 94. by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. 23 ISOPODA. Famity CYMOTHOIDAK. Genus NEROCILA, Leach, 1818. See S. Afr. Crust., pt. 2, p. 55, 1902 (Gilchrist’s Marine Investi- gations). | NEROCILA ARMATUS, Dana. ' 1853. Nerocila armata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. xiii, p. 761, pl. 50, figs. 10a—d. 1881. WV. cephalotes, Schiodte & Meinert, Nat. Tidsschr., ser. 3, vol. xiii, pp. 9, 60, pl. 4 (11), figs. 16-18. 1902. W.c., Stebbing, 8, African Crust., pt. 2, p. 55. 1910. W.c., Stebbing, Ann. 8.A. Mus., vol. vi, pt. 4, p. 423. A female specimen, taken on the beach by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley, measures 23 mm. in length. It corresponds well with J. cephalotes, the species to which I formerly assigned a similar specimen sent me by Dr. Gilchrist. But while I formerly took for granted the validity of the name given by Schiddte & Meinert, on this occasion I consulted Dana’s much earlier treatise, and was interested to discover how the Danish authors discriminated their species from Dana’s. The search, however, proved fruitless, as they do not include the American author’s species among the twenty-seven which they so elaborately describe and figure. They must have overlooked it in describing J. cephalotes as a novelty, an error in which I have followed them, but now believe myself justified in offering the present correction. 24 Some Crustacea of Natal EXPLANATION OF Puates I-V, Illustrating paper by the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing on “Some Crustacea of Natal.” PLATE I, Xantho impressus (Lamarck). n.s. Rough figure showing natural size of the carapace. car. Part of the corapace much enlarged. Pl, prp. 1, prp. 3. Pleon, cheliped, and second ambulatory limb, uniform with carapace. m., mxp. 1, 2, 3, plp. More highly magnified; mandible, first and second maxillipeds (imperfect), third maxilliped and a pleopod, PLATE II. Euryplax bevist, sp. nov. n.s. Lines indicating actual size of the carapace partially figured uniformly with the other figures, except mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 2, which are more enlarged. a.s. Pleon and first antenna. m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Mandible, first and second maxille, second and third maxillipeds. prp. 1, prp. 1. The figure on the right shows the fingers of the right hand cheliped, that on the left represents the left hand cheliped, ‘ ’ Bet cng = a Or by Rev, T. .R. R. Stebbing. of: Prams Ebr Parasesarma catenatus (Ortmann), ns. . Lines indicating actual size of carapace partially figured above. éar., PI. Part of carapace and dorsal view of pleon. All figures from a male specimen. prps. 1,1, 2, 3,5. The lowest figure is from the upper-side of the left cheliped ; the upper figures of prp. 1 show two aspects of the fingers of the right cheliped; prp. 2 shows the cushioned side of the first ambulatory limb; prp. 3 the uncushioned side of the second ambulatory limb; prp. 5, the fourth ambulatory limb, which is not cushioned. N, B.—The hand of the left figure is distorted to show crests on the palm. PLATE IV. Sptrontocaris makrognathus, sp. nov. n.s. Lines indicating natural size of the specimen. 0.C¢. Eye and part of carapace, uniform in scale with the next series. a.s., mxp. 2, mxp. 3, prps. 1, 1, 2,4. First antenna; mxp. 3 (with upper figure of mxp. 2 to show the contrast in size), the two chelipeds, that on the left of the plate being the right hand member of the specimen; thé second perzeopod ; and part of the fourth. The following parts are more highly magnified : r., T., m., mx. 2, mxp. 2, 4f. Rostrum, telson, mandible, second maxilla, second maxilliped, and finger of fourth perzeopod. Some Crustacea of . ed elie ad F rae ' ; hy Ne ee : \. i n i / A \ rs bh / 4 / ' PLATE V. LHippolysmata durbanensts, Sp. NOV. — : ; : . y | : | aA awe n.s. Lines indicating natural size of female specimen, of which t | _ carapace is figured below with eye and parts of the antennze Ns Dorsal view of telson with further enlargement of the apex. _ a.l, Scale of second antenna. . . - \ mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 2. First and second maxilla and second max uniform magnification, prps. 1, 2, 3. First, second, and third perzeopods, less magnified thz no I mouth-organs, i ‘aaa Annals Durban Museum, Vol. III. Plate I. 4 Pend ae ae; - 2 oe ae oy OOS ns, paw N\, “Bi Ly) Poe {s - ®, be, e iM Wreersy, j nen f 3 » % } ‘2 S, “Pca RE lary earpeR vie 4 hao hea, 2 eae pss ances (DARD 94 er aie thet byawigeg LF rie Maerseaneey sgeagy yy) j)f/ OL CFS STDS RIES x : ~ sF : 2 F : = F i £ § é # : = * ee . F 2 af ~ 4 7? a BS # roe % = John Singleton & Sons lith. XANTHO IMPRESSUS (Lamarck), SSP Durban Museum, Vol. III. ! \ } we, if T. R.R. Stebbing del. “- AURELIA a by 5 eee Da Oo, mee bay j yor ee beige cae % \ the, trey ‘, ee Sih Ee, POR ay : ony Pia ee So , Fags: BRA ss HAVE mak. ya EURYPLAX BEVISI, sp. nov. Plate II. 2 A oe Fe Te eae, ee 3 bier aah wag (corn = / 2 es e. r ; we 2 Z 2 yt id © oe oe Onw oped ¥ @ ” (oe ee Contents of previous issues (continued ). CWOh Th Par 1) Publiched 280 December, 1917. / Price 5). net. NEN —Malacostraca of Natal, by’ T. RR. SeBBING: (Plates I-VI). -. IL—Varieties of Papilio d. cenea, by C. N. Barker. (Plate VII). io LL New Records of Natal Bees, ty T. D. A. CockEreEt. Vol. II, Part 2. Published 30th July, 1918. Price 5/- nett. TV.—Some Crustacea of Natal, by T. R. R. Sreppine. (Plates VIII-XI1). Y.—Further Additions to the Fish Fauna of Natal, by C. Tare Ruean. VI.—Some apparently undescribed Heterocera from 8. Africa, by A. J. T. JANSE. VIi.—Some Observations upon Whales by E. C. Cuuss. (Plates XITI-X V1). Viii.—Some Records of Predaceous Insects and Their Prey, by C. N. Barker. Vol, Il, Part 3. Published 31st March, 1919. Price 5/- nett. - IX.—A Skeleton of the Dodo (Didus inepius), by E. C, Cuusp. (Plate X VII). _, X.—On Some Rare South ‘African Beetles (Part I) D), by C. N, BARKER. XI.—A new Bee from Natal, by T. D. A. CockERELL, XII.—Some Crustacea of Natal, by T..R. R: Srepsine. (Plates XVITI-XX). i CEA South African Blephant, by E. C. eee (Plates X XI and Fe ae iI, Part 4. Published 20th October, 1919. Price 5/ - nett. XIV.— Anatomy of Sperm Whale Fetus, by F. E. Brpparp. (Plate XXITT). XV.—Rhodesian Moths and their Larvee, by J. A. O’Nern. (Plate XXIV). XVI.— Beetles of the Crcindela brevicollis group, by C. N. Barker. (Pl. XXV a and Ox XV 1), XVII.—Natal Bees, by T. D. A. CockErett. Mi XVIII.—Fishes from Durban, Natal, by ©. Tare a Ws : v \ ‘Vol. TI, Part 5. Budhabed 25th March, 1920. Price 5/- nett. XIX. ——A Revision of the Flat-fishes ( debe deante ) of Natal, by C. Tarz Reaan. _ XX.—The White Rhinoceros in Zululand, by F. Vavouan-Kipy, (Pl. XX VII) _ XXI—On the Genus Jctrdopsis, by S. H. Havanron. “~ * ee ea ee | ae vis OF THE . 7 Ms || DURBAN MUSEUM i _ EDITED BY THE CURATOR, ,° Hee CHUBBY, aks / Tepe tao? —— ; se ee . > Issued 31st August, 1921. a 4s ee kt PRICE 5/- NETT. * = Re. OES =, ae . ee ee “ OF ae "ee a * ty Ta ihe me, . PRINTED BY JOHN SINGLETON & SONS, DURBAN, FOR THE Durpan Museum. VOL. Ill. | 4 PART. 2. } Pi | Contents af previous issues. Mol. I, Part 1. | Published Ist June, 1914, cee 0a. Pelagic ey icmapelratl by G. S. ‘Brapy. (Plates LIv) ‘ » I1.—On Bottlenose Porpoises (7'ursiops), by F.W. Truz. III.—On further Pelagic Entomostraca, by G. S. Brapy. — "(Plates V IV. arenas var of South atl ab Birds’ oe by E. C, esha: 4 VI. i ee on Poustehaed Spiders, “ae JOHN Hewrrr. Lee eee - VII.—Notes on Pelagic Entomostraca, by G. 8. Brapy. (Plates Ix. at VIII.—Anoplura and Mallophaga, by Keiioce & Fzrris. Sh eg ay id X 1X.—Rotifera from Natal, by C. F. RoussE.er. : X.—List of Mosquitos, by F. W. Epwarps. / 5 Vol. I, Part 3. Published 20th April, 1916.. ‘Price 5) nate een ncn nner e XI.~Fishes from Natal, collected by Mr. Romer Rosinson, by C. Tate XII.—Description of a new Fish from Zululand, by G. A. BoULENGER. XITI.—A Hydroid parasitic on fishes, by Ernest WARREN, (Plates X Nee XIV.—Report on Beés, chiefly from Natal, by T. D, A. CockERELL. é _XV.—Descriptions of several species of Arachnida, by Joan Hewirt. _XVI.—A new spécies of Solpuga from Zululand, by Stanuey Hinst. 3 =| XVII.—Mallophaga and Anoplura, with snamnealion host-list, by G. F. | . XVIIL—Note on Glossina brandoni.and Danais petiverana, by E. U — XIX. BB of Natal Marine Fishes (1), by Messrs. Giicunist & Vol. i: Part 4. Published 21st May, 1917. Price 5/- nel XIX. —Catalogue. es Natal Marine Fishes (2), by Messrs.. Gu.caRisr ‘XX.—A new Silurid Fish from Natal, by G. A. Bovtencur. XXI.—A new Bat (Otomops icarus), by Ec. Cause. pes XX1), Vol. I, Part 5. _ Published 25th July, 1917. Price 5) tt. XXII.-Malacostraca of Durban Bay by T. R.R. Sressina, (Plates xe XXIII.—Melanic Aberrations of Petienne by C. ay BARKER. ‘ te ond XV), | XXIV. — Additions to the Fish Fauna ie Natal, by C. Tare XX'V.—-New Records of Natal Bees, by T. D. A. CockERELL, XXVI. —New South African Lie a - J. be Ch ANGE, He : Obeakanile iat. a we S or from quant gical ids ley V.—On Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Pondoland, by L. F. Spath, M.Sc., F.G.S. Wirn Puates VI anp VII. ‘HE Pondoland Cephalopoda, first described by Bailey’ and Gries- bach’, were revised by Mr. Woods’ in 1906, and some additional Ammonites, all of the Indo-Pacific type (Phylloceras, Lytoceratids, Madrasites) have lately been recorded by Dr. van Hoepen.* The collection of Pondoland Cephalopoda in the British Museum, referred to by Kossmat’ includes further new forms, and in an unfinished MS., the late Mr. G.-C. Crick, dealt with most of them. These were briefly mentioned in a paper by the writer on “‘ Cretaceous Cephalopoda from Zululand,”® and comparison there is made between the Umkwelane Hill fauna, also apparently of Campanian age, and the Pondoland Ammonites. The specimens from the Umzamba Beds of Pondoland here described, form part of a collection made by Mr. E. C. Chubb and Mr. W. J. Plows in July, 1919, and include still a further number of new forms, also some Ammonites, like A. sugata, Forbes, and a Gaudryceras, resembling G'. sacya (Forbes) auct., that are of interest on account of their range in time. It must be left for future, careful, zonal collecting to establish, more definitely than is possible at present, that the whole of the 20 feet of Pondoland deposit is of uppermost Senonian age, and that .no pre-Campanian beds are present. 1 “ Description of some Cretaceous Fossils from South Africa, etc.”, Q.J.G.S. Vol. XI, 1855, pp. 454-465. 2 “On the Geology of Natal,” O.J.G.S., Vol. XX VII, 1871, pp. 60-70. 3 “The Cretaceous Fauna of Pondoland,’ Annals South African Museum, Vol. IV, pt. vii, no. 12, 1906, pp. 275-350. 4 “Description of some Cretaceous Ammonites from Pondoland,” Annals Transvaal Museum, Vol. VII, pt. 2, 1920, pp. 142-147. ~ 5 “Jahrb. K. K. Reichsanst,” Vol. XLIV, 1894, p. 463; and “Rec. Geol. ~ Surv. India.” Vol. XXVIII (1895), pt. 2, p. 42. 6 Annals of the South African Museum, Vol. XII, pt. vii, no. 16, 192I, pp. 217-321, pls. XIX-XXVI. (39) Annals of the Durban Museum, Vol. III, part 2, issued 31st August, 1921. 40 Ammonoidea from Pondoland DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Genus PHYLLOCERAS, Suess. 1.—PHYLLOCERAS NERA, Forbes sp. 1895. Kossmat, ‘“‘ Untersuch. t. d. Stidind. Kreideform.”, pt. i, ‘Beitr. z. Pal. & Geol. Ost.-Ung. etc.’, vol. IX, p. 160, pl. XVI (II), figs. 2a—d. An immature example of 20 mm. diameter shews good agreement with Forbe’s original (B.M. No. 10472, Geol. Soc. Coll.). Meek’s Ph. ramosum,' and the Antarctic form figured by Kilian & Reboul,’ may belong to the same species; but the Patagonian Ph. nera, recorded by Paulcke’, is less compressed. ‘ Schliiteria’ bodet, Miller & Wollemann*, which, like the other forms, here discussed, is a true Phylloceras, with finely divided suture-line, and which is generically different from Schliterva, as here restricted, may be the corresponding, compressed European equivalent of the Indian Ph. nera. Ph. umzambiense, van Hoepen’, is a more inflated form, as is PA. buchianum, Forbes sp.°, which Kilian & Reboul included in the present group, but which has the typically phylloid saddles of the Barremian-Aptian species of the group of Ph. thetys, d’Orbigny sp. Ph. vellede, Sharpe, non Michelin sp.! also included in the ‘ group of Ph. ramosum’ by Kilian & Reboul, likewise is a more inflated species. 1 Descer. and Il1lustr. of Foss, fr. Vancouver’s and Sucia Islands, ete.”, U.S.G. and G, Surv, Terr., Bull. II, 1876, p. 371, pl. v, figs. 1, 1a, b. 2 “Céph. Néocrét. etc.”, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. S.-Pol. Exp. III, 6, 1909, p. 9, pl ties: 3 “Ceph. d. Ob. Kreide 8. Patagon,” Ber. Naturf. Ges. Freib, 1, B., vol. XV (1907), p. 169 (3), pl. XIV (V), figs. 5, 5a—c. 4 “Moll. Fauna d. Untersenon,” II, Ceph. Abh. K. Preuss. Geol. L.-A,, N. F, 47 (1906), p. 13. pl. viii, figs. 1, 2. 5 Loe. Cit. 1920, p. 142, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-3. 6 “Rep. on Foss. fr. S. Fé. de Bogoté,” Q.J.G.8S., Vol. L, 1845, p, 177 (B.M. No. 13097 and co-type). 7 “Fossil Mollusca, Chalk of England,” I, Ceph, III, Pal. Soc. 1856, pl. XVII, fig. 7 (Mus. Pract. Geol. No. R 7760, Geol. Soc. Coll.). by L. F. Spath. 4] GENus GAUDRYCERAS, Grossouvre. 2.—-GAUDRYCERAS, Sp. Juv. An immature, completely septate specimen, of a diameter of 21 mm., resembles the Antarctic example of G. politissimum, Kossmat, figured by Kilian & Reboul', but no definite specific determination of the present specimen is attempted. It may, possibly, be the young of G. amapondense, van Hoepen’, or of G. cinctum, Crick MS.* from the same beds, though the latter has its striation drawn forward very strongly on the periphery. In these forms, and in G. varagurense, var. patagonicum, Paulcke’, the striation, also, is somewhat coarser, whereas the present example, in the fineness of its ornament, resembles Japanese specimens of G’. tenuiliratum, Yabe, in the British Museum. This latter form, however, is more evolute, as also are G. pulchrum, Crick,’ and G. kayer (Forbes). The suture-line is of the type of those of the Indian forms figured by Kossmat.' The specimen shows considerable resembance to G'. sacya (Forbes) that, according to Kossmat, occurs in the Lower Utatur group (Albian) but the holotype of which is associated with G. buddha,’ Parapuzosia gaudama and Hauerrceras ! sugata, all preserved in the same yellowish gritty sandstone. | Forbe’s original of A. sacya has a less depressed whorl-section than the specimen here described, the whorl-height and thickness being 377, at the diameter of 32:5 mm., whereas in the present example the ratio of H.: Th. = 37: 42. The inner whorls of G. sacya also seem to be more loosely coiled; on the other hand, 1 Loe. cit. (1909), p. 14, pl. I, figs. 7 & 8. 2 Loe. cit. (1920), p. 143, pl. XXIV, figs. 4 & 5. 3 B. M. No. C 19415. Resembling G. mite (Hauer). 4 Loe. cit. (1905), p. 6, pl. XVII (VIII), figs 1 & 2. 5 “Ceph. Trib. Manuan Creek, Zululand,” Cret. Foss. Natal, III, 2, Third Report, Geol. Surv. Nat. & Zulul. 1907, p. 237, pl. XV, fig. 1. 6 “Unters. Stidind. Kreidef.”, I, Beitr. Pal. Ost.-Ung. Vol. IX, 1895, pl. XV, e.g. figs. 6c, 7c. 7 This is a compressed form, comparable with Stoliczka’s fig. 7 of pl. lxxv, not with the. more inflated varieties: fig. 6, pl. Ixxv, or fig. 3, pl. lxxvi. Forbes’s holotype (B.M. No. 10484, Geol. Soc. Coll.) has the inner whorls very badly preserved, in crystalline calcite, so that exact comparison with G. sacya is difficult; but Stoliczka’s fig. 5, pl. lxxv, seems to be somewhat like these slender inner whorls of G. buddha. If the various forms of this group are to be included in one species, A. buddha has priority, as Whiteaves (Mesoz. Foss. I, IV, 1900, p. 271) has pointed out. 3% 42 Ammonoidea from Pondoland the ornamentation is the same, with very fine striation, strongly drawn forward on the umbilical slope, but straight on the sides and across the periphery, with occasional varices on the cast, and ridges on the shell. The latter are not nearly so conspicuous as those of the New Zealand form figured by Woods.’ The Japanese example figured by Jimbo? agrees with the present form in fatness and coiling, but has the striation drawn forward laterally and ventrally as well, a feature that suggests that Jimbo’s form is more nearly allied to G. tenwiliratum, Yabe, or to G. conctwm, Crick MS. The Cenomanian example of G. aff. sacya, recorded from Zululand by Crick’ apparently differs very little from the form here described, but increases less rapidly in whorl-thickness. The suture-lines, unfortunately, cannot be compared, Crick’s type (B.M. No. C1@140) being corroded. Genus TETRAGONITES, Kossmat. 3.—TETRAGONITES (?) sp. ind. Pl. VII, fig. 3. [Cf. 1895. Lytoceras (Tetragonites) epigonum, Kossmat, loc. cit. p. 135, pl. Xv ties i: The immature example, here figured, seems to agree with Kossmat’s small specimen, but since it is crushed, and the width of the umbilicus thus is deceptive, the specimen also may be a young Pseudophyliites, comparable with Forbes’ 4. garuda (B.M. No. 10462, Geol. Soc. Coll.). An example from Pondoland, referred to Kossmat’s form by Mr. Crick, is in the British Museum (No. C19416) and though more definitely identifiable as a 7etragonites, it is only fragmentary. T’. teres, van Hoopen* which greatly resembles specimens of Pseudo- phyllites from Pondoland and from India, has a very high outer whorl, whereas in Kossmat’s form, the whor]-height is just a trifle less than 1 “Cret. Faunas of the N. E. Part of the S. Island of N.-Z.” N.-Z. Geol. Survey, Pal. Bull. 4, 1917, p. 11, pl. v. fig. 4. 2 “ Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Fauna d. Kreideform. v. Hokkaido,’ Pal. Abhand, vol. vi, 8, 1894, p. 34, pl. vi, fig. 1. 3 Cret. Foss. Natal, III. ‘“ The Ceph. from the Deposit at the N. End of False Bay, Zululand.” Third Rep. Geol. Survey, Nat. and Zulul, 1907, p. 170, ple x toys: 4 loc. cit. 1920, p. 144, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2. by L. F. Spath. 43 the thickness. 7. subepigonus, J. Boehm,’ also seems close to the present form, perhaps owing to crushing; but in the Pondoland _ example, the number of auxiliary saddles cannot be determined for exact comparison. . 4,.—TETRAGONITES aff. CALA, Forbes, sp. 1906. Tetragonites sp. aff. cala (Forbes), Woods, loc. cit. p. 335, pl. 41, fig. 7. 1915. Tetragonites cfr. cala (Forbes) Yabe: ‘ Note on some Cret. Foss. fr. Anaga, etc.” Science Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univers. Pmcesere(Giol) vol. iv, no: 1, p: lO,7pl. 1, f..7.; ple ii, £. 2. The inner whorls of the present example agree with the slightly more involute specimen figured by Woods, and have one constriction, at a fairly late stage, on the test, and a closely comparable suture-line. There is a fragment of a larger outer whorl (body-chamber) attached, but its mode of preservation is poor. The Valudayur specimens in the British Museum, including Forbes’ and Kossmat’s types, have numerous constrictions on the inner whorls, both on the shell and on the cast, whereas in the Pondoland form, the constrictions are not marked on the test, though present on the cast. Otherwise there is perfect agreement with the Pondicherry form. T’. kingianum, Kossmat, var. involutior, Paulcke,’ is a considerably fatter form. | Genus PSEUDOSCHLGENBACHTA, Spath. 5.—PsEUDOSCHL@NBACHIA PAPILLATA (Crick MS.), Spath. Plate VI, figs. 2a, b. 1921. Spath, loc. cit. pp. 240 & 242. The present species is distinguished from P. wmbulazi, Bailey sp., by being more widely umbilicated and much more coarsely ornamented, the seven prominent umbilical tubercles being present already on the 1 In Boehm. & Heim.: “ Senonbild. d. O. Schweizer Alp.” Abh. Schw. Pal, Ges. vol. xxxvi, 1909, p. 52, pl. i, figs. 5 and 10. 2 loc. cit. (1905), p. 174, pl. xvii (viii), fig. 4. 44 Ammonoidea from Pondoland inner whorls, and each corresponding with four longitudinally elongated tubercles at the ventro-lateral angle of the ribs. The dimensions of the figured example are: 63—-46-'32?-21: those of a second smaller specimen: 36-—'46—'34-°22. Crick’s holo- type (B.M. No. C19430) has: 71:5--48--30--24; and a cotype (C19431): 60-45--28--25. The specimen here figured is slightly - crushed. The suture-line agrees with that of P. wmbulazi, and there are some transitional forms between the two species. The Campanian “Schlenbachia” flicki, Pervinquiere,’ may represent an allied form of Pseudoschlenbachia, but the suture-line, apparenay is rather different. The smaller example is of interest since its slightly notched keel suggests that the form here described as Gen. nov. (Muniericeras?) cricki, nov. is the direct ancestor of Pseudoschlenbachia. INCERTA SEDIS. 6.—GeEn. Nov. (MUNIERICERAS!) CRICKI, sp. nov. Pl. VII, figs. 4a, b. This species is based on an example of dimensions: 38-45—-40--24. There are eight prominent, umbilical, tubercles, each connected by slightly sigmoidal (discontinuous) ribs with two outer tubercles on the ventro-lateral edges. The roof-shaped periphery has a row of median tubercles, placed in front of the corresponding pair of ventro-lateral tubercles with which they are connected by obscure ribs that form chevrons on the venter (see fig. 4b, pl. VIT). There is close resemblance of this form with the Barroisiceras from Madagascar, figured by Boule, Lemoine & Thévenin.? The high tubercles, however, situated on the umbilical edge, even of the inner whorls, as in Muniericeras lapparanti, Grossouvre,’ are different from the ornamentation found in the French examples of Barroisiceras. — 1 “Ann, d, Crét. Alg.”, Mem. Soc. Géol. France, Pal. Vol. xvii, No. 42, 1910, p- 68, pli wai: 2 Pal. Madagascar: “ Céph. Crét. de Diego-Suarez.”, Ann, de Pal. Vol. ii, 1907, p. 43, pl. xi, fig. 3. (Schlenbachia [ Barroisiceras ] haberfellneri, Hauer sp.). 3 “Rech. s. 1. Craie supér,”, II, Mém. Carte Géol. France, 1894, p. 158, pl. xxxv, fig. 3. by L. F. Spath. 45 P. pappillata has similar ornament, and it has been mentioned that the smaller example of this form in the present collection has a slightly notched keel, so that derivation of Pseudoschlenbachia from the form here described is suggested, especially since the median row of tubercles is very high and acute in this new form, and may well Le assumed to lead to the strong carina of Psewdoschlenbachia and Diaziceras, which also has similar ornamentation, but a reduced suture-line. Spheniscoceras and EHulophoceras are further developments of the same stock. An unnamed Egyptian species of Pseudoschlen- bachia, somewhat intermediate between P. papillata and P. wmbulaz in ornamentation, and with the carina feebly notched, equally forms a connecting link between the new genus here indicated and Pseudoschlenbachia. “ Schlenbachia” chicoensis, Trask sp.' may belong to the new genus, and ‘‘ Schlenbachia” buttensis, Anderson’ also from the Upper Chico formation, probably indicates a second, unnamed, development, to which ‘8S.’ blanfordiana, Stoliczka,*® seems allied. The Lower Chico Barroisiceras? siskiyouensis, Anderson, sp.*, however, and its near ally, B.? dentato-carinatum, Roemer sp.’ also greatly resemble the new form, and in the absence of the suture line, no new generic name is given, especially since the Campanian age of this new group may not be considered to be sufficiently firmly established. Genus SCHLUTERIA, Grossouvre, em. 7.—ScCHLUTERIA woops!, nov. Plate VII, fig. 1. This species is represented by the figured specimen (dimensions 85—-56-'40—-07) and an immature example (diameter = 17 mm.), and differs from S. /arteti, Seunes sp. (Grossouvre)’ and from S. diphylloides, Forbes sp.‘ in being more inflated and in having the constrictions 1 Proc. Calif, Acad. Sci. Vol. I, 1856, p. 92, pl. ii: emend. Anderson, “Cret. Depos. Pacific Coast,” ib, 3rd. ser. Vol. ii, Geol. (1902), p. 116. 2 loc. cit. (1902), p. 118, pl, iv, fies. 110-11. 3 “Cret. Ceph. S, India,,’ Pal. Indica. Vol. I, 1863, p. 46, pl. xxvi. 4 loc. cit. (1902), p. 119, pl. i, figs. 19-20. 5 “Kreidebild. v. Texas,” 1852, p, 33, pl. i, figs. 2. 6 loc. cit. (1894), p. 218, pl. xxxiv, figs. 2 & 3. 7 “Report on Foss. Invertebr. fr. S. India, etc.”, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. vii (1845), p, 105, pl. viii, fig. 8 (B.M. 10470, Geol. Soc, Coll.). 46 Ammonoidea from Pondoland merely curved forwards, not biconvex. The Phylloceras sp. figured by Woods,’ and compared with Ph. forbesianum, D’Orbigny sp. but characterised by SchAliiteria-ornamentation, with ventral lappets, is not unlike the young specimen, above mentioned, and compared with the typical S. diphylloides, figured by Kosmat,’ this shews the inflated whorl-section of the early stage of the new form. In the adult, the ventral portion of the whorl is more rounded. As in Seunes’s species, the labial ridges of the shell are marked only near the periphery, on the cast; the constrictions (beneath the ridges of the test) are continuous on the sides. The Utatur Ammonite, figured as A. diphylloides, by Stolizka’ resembles the present species in its inflated whorl-section, but has far less linguiform ventral lappets, and probably is a Desmoceras s.s. (= Latidorsella, Jacob.). The genus Schliiteria is here used for the Senonian Desmoceratids that, erroneously, have been included in ‘“ Latidorsella.” Only, since Grossouvre had originally included in Sch/iiterta certain forms of Phylloceras that attach themselves to the group of P. nera, Forbes sp., here described, S. larteti, Seunes sp. will have to be taken as type of this emended genus Schliiterva. Genus HAUERICERAS, Grossouvre. 8.—HAvERICERAS! suGATA, Forbes sp. Plate VI, figs. 3a, b. 1898. Desmoceras sugata (Forbes), Kossmat: loc. cit. p. 111, pl. Rane This well-known form is represented by a completely septate example of 30 mm. diameter, keeled throughout the outer whorl, and having about three of the characteristic, distant, crescent-shaped ridges on the last half-whorl. The Pondoland example differs from the Indian forms, described by Kossmat (but not from Forbes’ holo- type), in being slightly more inflated (thickness = 467% of the diameter, not 36-427) and the keel is more distinct than it is in one Valudayur example in the British Museum (C. T. Kaye Coll.), referred 1 loc. cit. (1906), p. 332, pl. xli, fig. 5. 2 loc. cit. (1897), p. 108 (173), pl. xix (xxv), fig. 9a,b. This agrees with Forbes’ holotype (No. 10470) and the three cotypes in the B.M. 3 loc. cit. (1865), p. 119, pl. lix, fig. 10. by L. F. Spath. 47 to by Kossmat, as also in Forbes’ holotype (Kaye & Cunliffe Coll., Geol. Soc. No. 10485), whereas a co-type differs very little, if at all, in this respect. In the Japanese examples allied to H.? damesi, Jimbo sp., studied by the writer, the keel is still less distinct than it is in some of the Indian specimens. H.? loryi, Kilian & Reboul sp.' is a fatter form. The Californian example figured by Anderson,’ also, apparently, has a less prominent keel. As Kossmat’® points out, Forbes’ examples of A. swgata agree, in matrix, with the holotype of A. gaudama (which, in the writer’s — opinion is much more like ‘ Puzosia’ indopacifica, Kossmat, l.c. pl. xvii, fig. 2, than to ‘P.’ gaudama (Forbes), Kossmat, pl. xvii, fig. 3), and A. sacya and A. buddha, Forbes, two ‘ Utatur’ forms, also, are preserved in the same matrix, all labelled Verdachellum. This was questioned by Blanford, but for the present purpose it is important to note that the form here described, which was considered, by Kossmat, to be a characteristic fossil of the Upper Trichinopoly group, and which in California also is found in the Lower Chico group, does not occur in the Upper Senonian Valudayur group, though, according to Stoliczka, A. sugata, like Hawericeras gardenit and various species of Kossmaticeras (Madrasites) range from the Upper Trichinopoly into the Lower Ariyalur group. Genus MADRASITES, Kilian & Reboul. 9.—MaDRASITES FAKU, van Hoepen sp. 1920. Holcodiscus Saku, van Hoepen: loc. cit. p. 144, pl. xxv, figs. gue A = pl. xxv, figs, 1, 2. This form is represented by two examples of 75 and 72 mm. diameter respectively. The holotype of ‘ Holcodiscus’ acuticostatus, Crick MS. (B.M. No. C19433) differs only in having a larger umbilicus (37% instead of 28-297). ‘ Holcodiscus’ natalensis, Crick MS., has a somewhat similar outer whorl, but more conspicuous tuberculation throughout, and finely striate inner whorls. Both these species, however, are 1 loc. cit. p. 18, pl. i, figs. 4, 5 (Desmoceras). 2 loc. cit (1902), p. 98, pl. iii, figs. 98-9, 3 loc. cit, (1898), p. 116. 48 Ammonoidea from Pondoland extremely close to the present form, which itself is apparently allied to Madrasites madrasinus Stoliczka sp.* 10.—MADRASITES SIMILIS, sp. nov. Plate VI, figs. la, b. This species is based on a specimen of dimensions: 100--°38-"33-"34._ It differs from Kossmaticeras sparsicostatum, Kossmat sp.*, which has similar dimensions and the same number of constrictions (five), notably in the presence of prominent, umbilical, tubercles, about twelve per whorl, and in having the cost recti- to rursiradiate, not prorso-radiate. It stands in the same relationship to M. faku, van Hoepen sp., as Kossmaticeras sparsicostatum does to the Indian K. theobaldinum, Stoliczka sp. The whorl-section is more rounded, ventrally, in the present species, whereas Kossmat’s form seems to have the periphery slightly compressed towards the end of the shell. The suture-line is not visible; the terminal portion of the outer whorl belongs to the body-chamber. & 11.—MADRASITES AFRICANUS, van Hoepen sp. 1920. Holcodiscus africanus, van Hoepen, loc. cit. p. 146, pl. xxvi, figs. 3-5. This species is represented by one example of 21 mm. diameter, agreeing with the type. The ‘ Holcodiscus’ sp. figured by Woods’ and which was considered to be close to Jacobites anderssont by Kilian & Reboul,* has a much smaller umbilicus. Genus PARAPACHYDISCUS, Hyatt. 12.—Parapacuypiscus! sp. nov.! Plate VII, figs. 5a, b. The figured immature example (dimensions: 30-:46—-401-:25) and a fragmentary second specimen, that may belong to the same species, 1 loc. cit. (1865), p. 139, pl. lxx, figs. 1-3. 2 loc. cit, (1897), p. 38 (145), pl. vi, fig, 5. 3 loc. cit. 1906, p. 336, pl. xlii, fig. 2. 4 loc. cit. 1909, pp. 62-3. Nothing like the adult Jacobites however, seems to have been found in Pondoland. by L. F. Spath. 49 but is poorly preserved, possibly represents the Puzosid early stage of a Parapachydiscus, or at least of one of the groups at present included in that polyphyletic genus, e.g. the North American forms of the group of ‘P’ newberryanus (Meek) Whiteaves, non Gabb, or the South Patagonian ‘ Pachydiscus,’ described by Paulcke. There are two examples of a new form of such a ‘Parapachydiscus’ (P. umtamfunensis, Crick MS. sp.) in the British Museum, distin- guished from P. hawthali, Paulcke sp.’ only by a more lytoceratid mode of coiling, and agreeing in suture line with P. amarus, Paulcke.’ The smooth inner whorls of these ‘Parapachydiscus,’ however, are quite different from the present examples, and in the newberryanus- group, the inner whorls are too strongly ornamented. In side-view the ornament of the present examples resembles that of ‘Holcodiscus’ pondicherryanus, Kossmat,*? which is neither a Para- pachydiscus nor a Kossmaticeras, but belongs to a Puzosid stock that also includes ‘Puzosia’ japonica, n.n. = Desmoceras gaudama, Yoko- yama, non Forbes, and P. darwini (Philippi in Steinmann) and which is intermediate between Parapuzosia and Kossmaticeras. The present species has a more rounded whorl-section, suggestive of the constricted Parapachydiscus, above referred to. It is distin- guished from young Kossmaticeras and from ‘Holcodiscus’ pondicherry- anus by the ornament appearing first on the venter, and not on the lateral area, and from Parapuzosia by its straight constrictions. Genus HOPLOSCAPHITES, Nowak. em. 13.—HOopPLoscaPHITES, sp. juv. An immature, completely septate example of a ‘Scaphites’ of a diameter of only 14 mm., has a more compressed whorl-section than the form figured by Woods’ and the ribs are strongly flexiradiate ; but the suture-line, with bifid lobes and saddles, shews similarly rounded, terminal folioles, suggestive of simplification. The first 1G 5%) 1 loc. cit. 1905, p. 233, pl. xix, fig. 2. ; 2 ib. text-fig. 29 on p. 62. .—— 3 loc. cit. POF p. 40, pl. vi, fig. 6. 4 “Verstein, a.d. Japan. Kreide.”’, Palaeontographica, vol. 36, 1890, p. 184, pl. xix, fig. 5. 4 loc. cit. (1906), p. 343, pl. xliv, fig. 8. 50 Ammonoidea Srom Pondoland lateral saddle is comparable with that of H. tenwistriatus, Kner sp., in Nowak,’ but the umbilical portion of the suture-line is as simple as it is in the dwarf-form of H. constrictus, Sowerby, figured by the same author.” ‘Scaphites’ gillisi, Anderson,’ has a suture-line similar to Woods’ example, but in the present form, the external saddle is not so wide, ~ and more like that of the American group of H. nodosus, Owen sp., as figured by Meek.* H. constrictus (Sowerby) d’Orbigny sp.’ with similar inner whorls, has a more deeply indented suture-line. #. constrictus, var. guiriquinensis, Wilckens,°® though very similar to the Pondoland example in external appearance, also has a different suture- line. | -Yezoites planus, Yabe,’ also has comparable inner whorls, but its suture-line has a wider external saddle. The Campanian Hoploscuphites of the constrictus-group here con- sidered, may be developments of ‘Pachydiscus’ of the type of ‘ P.’ menu, Forbes sp., with simplification of the suture-line, and they are excluded from the hoplitid Scaphitide of the Middle Cretaceous. Anascaphites, Discoscaphites, Yezortes, and some Acanthoscaphites, probably also have to be attached to the family Desmoceratide. Genus OX YBELOCERAS, Hyatt. 14.—OxYBELOCERAS! CF, QUADRINODOSUM, Jimbo. sp. Pl Vail, ies 52a. oo: 1894. Hamites quadrinodosus, Jimbo. ‘ Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Fauna d. Kreidef. v. Hokkaido.” Pal. Abh. N. F., Vol. II, Heft 3, p. 39, pl. vii, figs. 3 & 4. 1 “Untersuch, Cephalop. Ob. Kreide Polen.”, II, Skaphiten, Bull. Ac. Sci. Cracovie, July 1911, fig. 17 on p. 583. 2 ib. fig. 18 on p. 587. 3 loc cit. (1902), p. 110, pl. ili, figs. 85-8. 4 Inv. Cret & Tert. Foss. of Up. Missouri Country,” in Hayden U.S. Geol. Surv. of Territ. 1876, pl. 25. 5 Pal. Frang , Ter, Crét. (1840), pl. 129, figs. 8-11. 6 In Steinmann: “Beitr, .z. Geol. & Pal. v. S-Am.” XI: “Revis. d. Fauna d. Quiriquina-Sch.” N. J. f, Min. etc. Beil. B, XVIII, 1904, p. 189, pl. xvii, figs. 3-8. 7 “Scaph. v. Hokkaido.” Beitr. Pal. Geol. Ost.-Ung, Vol. 23 (1910), p. 167, pl. xv, fig, 15 only, TABULAR LIST OF PONDOLAND AMMONOIDEA WITH OCCURRENCES OF IDENTICAL (X) OR COMPARABLE (A) SPECIES IN OTHER DEPOSITS. Species: Zululand Madagascar Valudayur Trich. and Ariyal | Antarctica | Vancouver Hokkaido Phylloceras nera (Forbes) ” umzambiense, v. Hoepen Gaudryceras cinctum (Crick MS.) Spath ” ” amapondense, v. Hoepen kayer (Forbes) BJO JUN ccodsncsossasgspesnn0geocvas000%000 : Tetragonites (2) sp. ind ” aff. cala (Forbes) teres, v. Hoepen Psoudophyllites indra (Forbes) Pseudoschlenbachia umbulaz (Baily) ” gtesbacht (Crick MS.) Spath... papillata es or Gen. nov. (Mumiericeras?) cricki, nov Bulophoceras natalense, Hyatt Spheniscoceras africanum (Crick MS.) Spath ” tenue minor ” Mortoniceras soutoni (Baily) ” Schliiteria stangert ,, Boh Jwarsls (Che IWUS))., co oon ee0cna0ccade000 a woodsi, nov Hauericeras gard-ni (Baily) ” rembda (Forbes) ?sugata ,, Modrasiten Saku (v. Hoepen) ” LG TERSAEPIDIRY E¥p, TI ce coo on oo-ancnacnonoonnsennoven ton 19 Bostrychoceras? sp. (Woods) ...............0...ee+0000es i acuticostatus (Crick MS.) Spath natalensis p similis, nov africanus (v. Hoepen) o> wal (\KACrIC IS) ca acuo secoodobo 2240 p50c0n 30 umtamfunensis (Crick MS.) Spath mt sp. ind sp. ind. ( sp ” Diplomoceras? indicum (Forbes) Woods.............- ” ” ” sulcatus, Baily bailyi, Woods >>: b : PREM: B: 7) Me. >i pM: “A => | Quiriquina ba > | California n SP > MME EE: re eae Pre>: Phylloceras bodei, Mill. & Woll. sp. Ph. velledw (Sharpe non Michelin). G. mite (Hauer). G. colloti, Gross., G. glaneggense (Redtb.). G. pulchrum, Crick. G. sacya (Forbes) auct. . kingianus, v. involutior, Paulcke (1). P. garuda (Forbes). P. sp. nov. (B.M. Coll. I. 2288). (P. wmbulax, Griesbach non Baily). P. flicki (Pervinquiére) (2). M.? Gosauicum (Hau.); M.? chicoense (Trask.). M. delawarense (Mort.); M. campaniense (Gross.). M. umkwelanense, Crick. S. diphylloides (Forbes). H. sulcatum (Kner). H. fayoli, Grossouvre. H.? damesi (Jimbo) M, madrasinus (Stoliczka). M. buddhaicus (Kossm.) Crick. K. sparsicostatum (Kossmat). M. buddhaicus (Kossmat). Jacobites anderssoni, K. & R. (?). P.? pondicherryanus (Kossmat) (?). P. hauthali (Paulcke). P. otacodensis (Stoliczka), H. constrictus (Sowerby). Yezoites planus, Yabe. ‘Hamites’ sp. Jimbo, ‘Helicoceras’ indicum (Stol.) Anderson. D. rugatum (Forbes) ; D. cylindricwm (1’Orb.). D. tenwisulcatum (Forbes). O. interrauptum (Schliter). NV. pseudo-armatum (Schiiter). B. asper, Mort., B. syriacus, Conrad. B. vertebralis, Lamarck. B. teres, Forbes. by L. F. Spath. D1 The figured fragment, consisting of a septate, straight portion of only 15 mm. length, differs from the ‘young form’ (fig. 4) of Jimbo in having less oblique and fewer cost ; but a beautiful example from the Umzamba Beds of Pondoland, belonging to the Geological Survey, Cape Town, and kindly sent to the writer by Mr. Henry Woods, with the hook well-preserved and two straight arms of 230-250 mm. length, is closely comparable with Jimbo’s type (fig. 3). ‘Hamaztes’ interruptus, Schliter,’ also is comparable and, perhaps, less so, ‘//.’ wernickei, Wollemann,’ the latter also recorded from Tunis.’ The double row of ventral tubercles and the single cost are reminiscent of Oxybeloceras crassum and O. meekanum, Whitfield sp.* O. mortoni Meek,’ and O. liniatum, Gabb.®, but the fragment is too small to permit of correct generic identification. The genus Oxybeloceras is here taken to include forms of ptychoceran coiling as well as hamitids and crioceracones, e.g. ‘Ancyloceras’ bipunctatum, Schluter.’ Genus NEOCRIOCERAS, nov. Genotype: N. cf. spiniceruM, Jimbo sp., p. 52. Plate VII, fig. 6c. The helicoid example, figured on plate VII, fig. 6, is here taken as type of the new genus, though its simple suture-line is not distinctly traceable and its whorl-section, on account of crushing, is not recognisable. . The Japanese example, however, though it is in a better state of preservation, might conceivably be a true Cenomanian Anisoceras, and it may be recalled here that the older German authors had erroneously recorded Sowerby’s ‘Anisoceras armatum’ from the Marsupites-zone. The ornamentation is similar in the two genera. 1 “Cephalop. d. Ob. Deutsch-Kreide,” Pal. Vol. 24 (1876), p. 105, pl. xxxii, figs. 8 & 9, 2 “Die Fauna d. Liineburger Kreide,’”’ Abh. K. Preuss, Geol. L.-A., N. F. Heft 37 (1902), p. 95, pls. iv. & v. 3 Pervinquiere: Pal. Tunis. I, Céph. Terr. Second, 1907, p. 86, pl. iii, fig. “9 ; “Geology of Black Hills of oe a sWsEG:: G. a: (1880), p. 457-9, pl. xvi, itt 1--2 and 3-6, ae iad 4-4 Me ms Es [ Rott 5 loc. cit. (1876), p. 412, pl. 20, fi % Pal Calif. Vol. II (1869), p. 139, pl. 23, fig. 18. 7 loc. cit. Pal. Vol. 21 (1872), p. 98, pl. xxix, figs. 1-3. 52 Ammonoidea from Pondoland The Pondoland form here described, has first one, then two, then three fine intermediate ribs between the tuberculated stronger ribs. The latter, at an early stage, break up into two finer ribs of the strength of the intermediaries, but at the four tubercles, two of which are ventral, and two lateral, they unite in the button and loop style (fibulation) characteristic of Peronoceras. On the dorsal area, all the ribs are continuous and of equal strength. Some Turonian Hyphantoceras? (e.g. Hanites multinodosus) Schliiter’ or Heteroceras ceratopse, Anderson’, have a somewhat similar appear- ance, but the suture-line of Hyphantoceras is much more complex than that of the present Upper Senonian stock which apparently is related to the genus last described (Oxybeloceras). The new genus, apparently, stands in the same relationship to Wostoceratide’ (e.g. Hateloceras), as Anisoceras does to TVurrilitide (Psendhelrcoceras robertianum, d’Orbigny, sp.). It is probable that ‘Ancy/oceras’ pseudo-armatum, Schliter*, from the mucronata-Chalk represents an adult whorl-fragment of a form of the new genus. 15.—NEocRIOCERAS cf. SPINIGERUM, Jimbo sp. Plate VII, figs. 6a-c. 1894. Crioceras spinigerum, Jimbo, loc. cit. p. 38 (184), pl. viii, figs. Lemlasip: , The form here figured (type: fig. 6c) differs from Jimbo’s presumably Upper Senonian species in having the costation radial, not inclined forwards, also apparently in cross-section. The outline-section of fig. 6c is given to shew the helicoid coiling, but the whorls are crushed ; the other two fragments, also, are compressed, apparently accidentally, whereas the Japanese species is depressed. In spite of the crushing, however, the whorl-section of the large fragment (fig. 6a) is nearly circular ; all the three examples are septate throughout. The suture- line appears to be of the same simple type as that of the Hokkaido form. 1 loc. cit. p. 106, pl. 32, figs. 1 & 2. 2 loc. cit, (1902), p. 91, pl. iii, figs. 100-1. 3 Not related to Cosmoceratida or the other families with which Hyatt (in Zittel-Eastman) had united it. 4. loc. cit. p. 164, pl. 43, figs. 8 & 9 (5-7?). by L. F. Spath. 53 CONCLUSIONS. The forty-five Ammonoidea, described up to the present from Pondoland, are listed below and it will be seen that they mostly are comparable or identical with forms that occur in the well-known Upper Senonian (Campanian + Maestrichtian) deposits of the classical areas, e.g. apart from those mentioned in the table, the Charente, Dordogne and the Cotentin of France, or Nagérzany in Poland, whence A. sulcatus had been described by Kner before the closely similar Hauericeras gardeni, the commonest Pondoland Ammonite, was made known by Bailey. Mr. Woods has drawn attention to the close resemblance that exists between the Pondoland fauna and those of the Ariyalur and Valudayur groups of Southern India. The Kaye & Cunliffe Collection in the British Museum, from the Valudayur beds of Pondicherry in Southern India, studied by Kossmat and correlated with the Lower Campanian by Pervinquiére, includes, in addition to Forbes’ types of Hauwericeras rembda ( +durga), which is almost identical with the young of the Pondoland H. gardeni, also Phylloceras nera, Gaudryceras kayer, Tetragonites cala and 7’. epig- onus, Pseudophyllites indra, Schliiteria, Hoploscaphites, Bostrychoceras, and Diplomoceras, all found in Pondoland. On the other hand, typical Brahmaites, Sphenodiscus, and Parapachydiscus of the egertonr- crishna-type, comparable with the European gollevillensis-neubergicus group, are absent in Pondoland, whereas not a single Kossmaticeras or Madrasites is found in the Valudayur Beds of Southern India, ‘Holcodiscus’ pondicherryanus, Kossmat, referred to before, being intermediate between Parapuzosia and Parapachydiscus, and ‘ Ho/co- discus’ indicus (Forbes) Kossmat, probably being a fragment of a Hoploscaphites of the nodosus-group. | When comparing the Umkwelane Hill fauna of Zululand, which also consists mostly or entirely of Campanian types, with the Pondo- land fauna, the writer drew attention to the fact that they only had in common one single Ammonite species (Pseudoschlenbachia umbulaz.) and a limited number of uncoiled and straight forms ; also that Hauericeras gardeni, represented in the Pondoland collection in the British Museum by no less than 37 examples, was unknown from Umkwelane Hill, as were the stenothermal genera Phylloceras and Lytoceras (s.1.). Yet the hard shelly limestone of Umkwelane Hill is almost indistinguishable from the matrix of Forbes’ Valudayur types, though the resemblance of the Indian fauna is so much greater with that vf Pondoland, preserved in a soft glauconitic sandstone. 54 Ammonoidea from Pondoland The numerous ‘ Kossmaticeras’ of Pondoland all belong to Madrasites, found only in the Upper Trichinopoly and Lower Ariyalur groups; and the abundance of these Madrasites is a notable feature of the Upper Senonian deposits of Antarctia and New Zealand. Another form, unknown in the Valudayur group, is Hawericeras? sugata, according to Kossmatt, a characteristic fossil of the Upper Trichinopoly group, and in California, also, occurring only in the Lower — Chico group. In India, this form is said to be associated with Madrasites bhavani (Stoliczka), Placenticeras tamulicum (Blanford), Peroniceras dravidicum (Kossmat), and other Upper and Lower Senonian species that are identical with, or resemble, Zululand forms described by the writer; and the occurrence of the Coniacian in Zululand, as in Madagascar, is undoubted. It may then be assumed that Desmoceratids of the type of A. sugata, Forbes, have a fairly wide vertical range. One of the forms, here described, namely Gen. nov. (Muniericeras?) cricki, nov., equally, greatly resembles a Lower Senonian ‘“Barroisiceras haberfellneri (Hauer) ” described from Madagascar, also Muniericeras lapparanti, Grossouvre, and J. gosauicum (Hauer), though comparable species are known from the Californian Upper Chico beds. Finally, an immature specimen of a Gaudryceras is almost indistinguishable from @. sacya (Forbes) auct., recorded already from Zululand, Conducia and Madagascar, and associated in Forbes’ original collection (C. T. Kaye Coll. from Verdachellum) with G. buddha, Parapuzosia gaudama and Haueri- ceras? sugata, all preserved in a yellowish gritty sandstone, very different from the matrix of the Valudayur specimens in the Kaye & Cuncliffe Collection. When the writer first saw these doubtful examples in the present collection, at the time of completion of his paper on the Cretaceous Cephalopoda of Zululand, he felt justified in inserting a note to the effect that this new collection from Pondoland included forms possibly of pre-Campanian age, and that the collection arrived just in time to prevent the usual error of considering the beds to belong to one formation, simply because the great majority of forms were of Campanian age. On reconsideration, however, and taking into account the fact that Senonian forms of Gaudryceras, very similar to G. sacya, are known, it would appear that the new evidence is not inconsistent with the assumption of an Upper Senonian (Campanian + Maestrichtian) age for the whole of the Pondoland fauna; and it has to be remembered that according to Woods, the Upper Campanian or Maestrichtian Pseudophyllites andra occurs in the basement bed of the Pondoland deposit. The presence of non-sequences, of course, in by L. F. Spath. 55 perfectly homogeneous deposits, now found to be fairly frequent, should be a warning against assuming contemporaneity of such diverse faunal elements as those here dealt with, and the three divisions of the Campanian and two zones of the Maestrichtian in Haug’ probably represent only part of the true succession of horizons. Equally great difficulties of correlation, unfortunately, are experienced in other comparable areas, e.g. Kilian & Reboul point out that Madrasztes spp., Hauericeras? sugata, Gaudryceras varagurense and Tetragonites epigonum appear in the Upper Trichinopoly beds and that it was just this assemblage of species [all found in Pondoland] that characterised their Snow Hill beds. They add ‘It follows from these comparisons that the Cretaceous formations of the Islands Snow Hill and Seymour, as a whole, exactly correspond, by their faunistic characters, to the Senonian (sensu-lato = Santonian—Maestrichtian) of the Trichinopoly district of India with which they can be synchronised.” It should be added here that though the Pondoland Madrasites bear a closer resemblance to the tuberculate Antarctic forms, they are not identical with either these or the Trichinopoly species. From the list it will be seen that the fauna also is closely comparable to that of Tunis, whereas a difference of facies, in Egypt, results in the absence, there, of the typical Lytoceratids, so common in the other areas. On the other hand, in circumpacific regions, notably in Japan and California, the number of identical or comparable species is quite considerable. Unfortunately, in these regions, also, no zonal collecting appears to have been done, and, as mentioned before, the ranges of such doubtful forms as the keeled- Desmoceratids and Gaudryceras in Japan, or of the many ‘ Schlenbachia’ in California, have yet to be established. A point of paleogeographical importance may here be noted. When discussing the difference between the “Atlantic” facies of the Umkwelane Hill fauna, and the ‘ Indo-Pacific” character of the Pondoland deposit, the writer was of opinion that the occurrence of Nostoceratide in Zululand pointed to an introduction of these “Atlantic” elements from_the North, comparable forms, then, being known only from Egypt, Europe, North-America and Japan. The resembance of the Umkwelane Hill deposit with the Egyptian upper- most Cretaceous was enhanced by the occurrence there of a form of Pseudoschlenbachia, and the abundance of Baculites, in addition to other uncoiled forms, whereas Mortoniceras of the delawarense-type, 1 Traité de Géologie, vol, ii, fase. 2, p. 1170, 56 Ammonoidea from Pondoland allied to the South African Mortoniceras soutoni, Bailey sp. and WM. woodsi, Spath, had been described from Tunis. Since then, through the kindness of Mr. Beeby Thompson, the writer has been able to examine a small collection of Nostoceratide | Didymoceras of the type of D. nebraskense-coopert (Meek) and D. hornbyense (Whiteaves) | from the Barra do Dande, Angola, whence Choffat' had described an Inoceramus of unknown age. ‘This seems to be the first record of Campanian Ammonoides from the West Coast of Africa; for Lang’s ‘cornes d’Ammon’ mentioned in 1839 apparently are lost, and Welwitsch?’ later classed the rocks at Dande as ‘“‘ Muschelkalk.” The writer, however, still believes that the great transgressing Campanian Sea, that invaded the whole of Northern Africa, from Senegal, via the Knee of the Niger, and Bilma in the Sudan, to Egypt, reached the most Southern locality, Dande, in a separate arm to the West, and that there was no marine connection between Angola and South Africa and Madagascar in the East, via the Cape. The Turonian and Coniacian faunas of. Nigeria and the Cameroons indicate that the Western Arm of the Thetys, down to Angola, probably existed continuously from Albian times. 7 1 Contrib. Connaiss. Géol. Col: Portug. d’Afr. II, Nouv. données sl: z. littorale d’Angola Comm. Serv. Géol. Port. 1905, pp. 10 & 42, pl. i, fig. 1. 2 “O petroleo do Dande, 1839.” Apparently not published till 1886 (Bol. Soe. Geogr. Lisboa, 6th ser. no. 4, pp. 240-9). 3 “ Quelq. Notes s.1. Géol. d’ Angola, etc.” Communicagées, vol. 11, 1888. ~ Annals Durban Museum, Vol. III. PrATE Vi. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONOIDEA FROM PONDOLAND. Adlard & Son & West Newman, Ltd. Annals Durban Museum, Vol. III. PEATE Wil. ea UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONOIDEA FROM PONDOLAND. Adlard & Son & West Newman, Ltd. i by L. F. Spath. 57 EXPLANATION OF Piates VI & VII, Illustrating paper by L. F. Spath on “Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Pondoland.” PLATE VI, Ammonites from the Upper Senonian Umzamba Beds of Pondoland., All the figures are of the natural size. ta, b. Madrasites s¢mzlis, sp. nov. Side- and peripheral-views. 2a, b. Pseudoschlenbachia papillata (Crick MS.), Spath. Side-view and Sectional outline ; specimen slightly crushed. 3a, b. AHauertceras? sugata, Forbes sp. Side- and Peripheral-views, PLATE VII. Ammonites from the Upper Senonian Umzamba Beds of Pondoland. All the figures, with the exception of 2a, b, are of the natural size, fa, b. Schliiterta woodsz, sp. nov. Side-view and sectional outline. 2a, b. Oxybeloceras? cf. guadrinodosum, Jimbo sp. Ventral- and lateral-views, enlarged. 3a, b. TZetragonites? sp. ind. Side-view and outline whorl-section. da, b. Gen. nov. (Muntericeras?) crick?, sp. nov. Side- and peripheral-views, 5a, b. Parapachydiscus? sp. 10v.? Side-view and outline whorl-section. 6a, b,c. Neocrioceras cf. spinigerum, Jimbo sp. Views of two fragments (6a, b) and of helicoid early whorls (6c, seen from below) with sectional outline. 6c slightly crushed, VI.—The Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland, by W. J. Plows. Wirn Pruate VIII. pvt the beginning of July, 1919, I accompanied Mr. E. C. Chubb, Curator of the Durban Museum, on a visit to Pondoland for the purpose of exploring the Cretaceous deposits there and making a collection of their fossils. The field of investigation is wide. So long ago as 1851, Mr. H. F. Fynn, who knew of the existence of these rocks 27 years before, pointed them out to Captain R.J. Garden, as a result of which a small collection of fossils was made which Capt. Garden took to England and gave to Mr. W. H. Bailey. That gentleman figured and described the specimens in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of. 1855, vol. XI, pp. 454-465, pls. xi-xilil. This paper, which is prefaced by a short account from the pen of Capt. Garden of the discovery of the rocks, is the first record of this highly interesting series. For 15 years no one seems to have followed in Capt. Garden’s footsteps, but in 1870, Mr. C. L. Griesbach visited the district, and on December 7th of that year Mr. Henry Woodward read a paper by Griesbach before the Geological Society which is published in vol. XX VII of the Quarterly Journal, pp. 53-72, accompanied by a map and plate, and in that paper a detailed description of the rocks and contents is given. This author calls the series the Izindhluzabalungu Deposits, that being the native name for the caverns in the cliffs on the sea shore. The word means ‘‘ white men’s houses,” and it has been conjectured that at some period these caves were used for shelter by a ship-wrecked crew. Whatever the reason for the name the Natives in the locality still use it. Griesbach gives a rough section showing five zones resting uncon- formably on ‘“‘ Karoo shales and Sandstones,” but, as we shall see later, there are many more than these. He was of opinion that the five zones were distinguished by their respective faunas, but that has been disputed. (58) by W. J. Plows. 59 The next mention of these deposits is made by Messrs. A. W. Rogers and E. H. L. Schwarz in the Annual Report of the Geological Commission of the Cape for 1901, published at Cape Town in 1902 ; while Mr. Wm. Anderson, Government Geologist of Natal, refers to them in his second Annual Report (1903).' Mr. A. L. du Toit, in the Annual Report of the Geological Survey of South Africa for 1912 (Pretoria 1913) describes these same rocks and gives a map” of the Pondoland Coast, on which he has indicated many exposures of rocks belonging, he concludes, to the Cretaceous System. No other original research appears to have been undertaken, though there is still much to be learnt ; and many problems deserving the attention of qualified geologists are still to be decided. The district is somewhat wild. Roads deserving the name are absent in the vicinity. Natives, a few coloured people, and an occasional European storekeeper are the only human denizens. Mr. Chubb and I went by motor car as far as the mouth of of the Umtamvuna, and after crossing the river by boat journeyed on foot three miles or so along the sea shore to the mouth of the Umzamba River. Dunn called these rocks the “ Umtamvuna Cretaceous,” and the name has become classical. In some of our museums specimens are noted as from the Umtamvuna. At the mouth of that river, however, the rocks are quartzites of the Table Mountain Sandstone Series with secondary silica. Travelling South West the cretaceous rocks do not appear until half a mile or more from the river mouth, between high and low water. These rocks are conglomerates, and, so far asis known, are the basal bed of the series. They contain much petrified wood, some of the trunks lying prone in every direction being 40 feet or more in length. Shells are numerous. Bones of reptiles and teeth of fishes are common. Rounded pebbles lie scattered through the mass; they are mostly of an indurated black shale styled by du Toit a lydianite.’ The most favourable site for fossil-hunting, however, begins about a mile from the mouth of the Umzamba, where well over 1,000 yards of wave worn cliffs are exposed above high water, the basal beds 1 London, 1904. 2 p. 176, fig. 14. 3 loe, cit. p. 175. 60 Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland previously mentioned being uncovered for 40 or 50: yards seawards at low tide. On the right bank of the river is another exposure some 20 feet above high water, as well as between tide marks. The sketch plan annexed shows the locality, but is not drawn strictly to scale. SketcH PLAN oF LOCALITY. : ‘ | : oc, Umecamba “ i ay Lagoon Y = ; Wh Cretaceous Rocks above High Water. Cretaceous Rocks below High Water. It is curious that the few observers who have visited the spot differ so much in their descriptions, and I have to differ from all of them. The probable explanation is that at different times rocks are hidden by sand, or uncovered by the waves, as tides and currents vary. Indeed, we found it so, for having one evening returned to camp from the right bank, leaving certain specimens for future extraction, we were very disappointed on our next visit to find a foot or two of sand covering the whole exposure below high water mark. As there was, amongst other trophies, a large Cyprzea to be dug out, and no means of finding its exact locality, our disappointment was particularly keen. | The present outlet of the river is on the southern bank, quite close to the cliff. At the extreme point the underlying rocks seem to be Table Mountain Sandstone. Some hundred yards or so inshore is a by W. J. Plows. 61 f=) Sandy Strata Shell Limestone Total height: 52 feet Above 21 not examined. High Water Mark. W. J. Plows del. SEcTION oF UMZAMBA CLIFF. Scale: 10 feet to 1 inch. 62 Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland bush covered slope, rising 50 or 60 feet above sea level. It is possible that the Cretaceous rocks are the foundation there, but they are only exposed along the river bank. On the left bank, the cliffs lie half a mile to the North-east, the intervening space being covered by sand, on which there is a tolerably thick growth of the usual low coast bush. These cliffs are much higher than on the other side, there being 52 feet of visible outcrop above the basement conglomerate. At this spot there must be more than 30 different alternating beds. The accompanying section represents the finest exposure. The beds are not all continuous, nor can they be called unconformable. Following them along the line of outcrop they thin out in places and come in again further on. Bed 1 is visible for the whole length of exposure at low tide, and is also probably the basement on the right bank of the river. Beds 3, 4 and 10 as also No. 2, vary in thickness | but can be traced throughout the whole length of cliff. The strata above 20 were not accessible during the time at our disposal; but, from the beach, they appear to be similar to those below. Throughout the whole series certain mollusca prevail. As shewn on the section there is a constant alternation of beds of calcareous sand and of shell limestone. The sandy beds show dark brown on exposure and are in a very friable condition when weathered. When broken open they are found to be much harder internally and greyish- blue in colour. The included fossils are mostly decomposed, the calcite of the shell being represented by a film of carbonate of lime in a powdery amorphous condition. During the ‘Challenger’ Expedition it was found that the character of the deposits on the sea floor gave evidence of the approach to land even 150 to 200 miles away. The littoral deposits were blue and green muds which became red or brown after being brought up. These muds gave off sulphuretted hydrogen. The blue colour is caused by decomposing organic matter which combines with the sulphates contained in the sea water and reduces them to sulphides. The sulphides react on the Iron and Manganese in form of silicates, and these being very unstable in presence of water and oxygen are, where they lie on the surface, soon transformed into oxides, showing brown and red. The carbonate of lime of shells, especially in the form of arragonite, is broken down during these chemical reactions ; but where the rock is reached by sea water the sulphates of the ocean seem to reverse the process to some extent, so that while the matrix by W. J. Plows. 63 falls off in powder the shelly remains harden slightly and may then be removed. Bed 2 is particularly. full of echinoderms, and on some of the external layers where well soaked by the sea, these fragile specimens may be obtained in excellent condition. The same bed, particularly at its junction with No. 3. contains huge specimens of Jnoceramus expansus. There are numbers measuring three feet in length, the shells being more than half an inch thick. As Messrs. Rogers and Schwarz did, we found it impossible to obtain anything like a perfect specimen, though there are hundreds lying just as they were entombed. Sections of this shell of varying thickness are exposed all along the outcrop. They exhibit clearly its fibrous nature and the tripartite division of calcite arragonite-calcite. Between Beds 3 and 4 is a layer of grit consisting mainly of grains of silica and lydianite. It carries amongst its organic remains shell fragments, prisms of Inoceramus being identifiable, sponge spicules, ostracoda, and many foraminifera. . All the shell-limestones examined were full of 7rigonia shepstonei, and the genera Cardiwm, Trigonoarca and Nemodon appear to prevail through the whole series. I agree with Griesbach’s opinion, however, as contrary to that of Rogers and Schwarz, that there are distinct zones. Beds 5 to 10 ‘may be called the cave zone, and on the roofs of the caves in the underside of 10 are numerous gasteropods of the genera Pugnellus, Cryptorhytis, Pirifusus, Rostellites and others, justifying the name of gasteropod bed for No. 10. Probably this is Griesbach’s (e).! Griesbach calls the stratum below this the Ammonite bed, and the one above the zone of Ammonites gardent.. The zone in which we found a fine specimen of Mortoniceras soutoni is No. 14 on my section. ‘Possibly Griesbach had not much time for investigation and so collocated in one zone quite a number of separate beds. In the beds below No. 10 as well as those above, small ammonites of various kinds are found, as well as different species of nautilus. The beds are nearly horizontal, the maximum dip being about 23° only, bearing 10 E.of N. On his map’ du Toit marks a dip of 2° directly seaward. At the spot however, near the Umtentwana River, floc. cit: p. 6. 2 loc. cit. 64 Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland where he indicates this dip, there is an outcrop of quartzite which has a monoclinal fold traceable well inland. This level nature of the strata and the fact that their contact with overlying rocks is nowhere visible makes it impossible to say whether we have seen all the beds which were originally deposited. Messrs. Rogers and Schwarz consider that the cretaceous are faulted down to the Table Mountain Series, while du Toit thinks they are unconformable. My own observations will not allow me to express a definite opinion on this point, though I am inclined to agree with the last- named. Iam the more disposed to favour this theory from the fact that on the Natal side of the Umtamvuna, at the mouth of the Nkandandhlovu River, there are similar strata clearly unconformable on the Archean granites and schists which form the base of the exposed beds. At the Impenjati, a few miles further north, the same fact may be observed, and a few hundred yards up that river may be seen in situ an indurated black shale apparently identical with the pebbles of lydianite found in the lowest cretaceous bed now exposed. There is plenty of scope for further investigation in this locality. More time and careful records will, I believe, prove a succession of strata ; though the species so far described appear to place the whole series within the upper portion of the Upper Cretaceous System, equivalent to the Turonian to Campanian stages of Europe. It is of interest to note that the Pondoland fossils are very nearly related to, and sometimes identical with cretaceous species of India found in the Trichinopoli District. One species quite common in our rocks, viz.: Pecten quirquecostatus, appears to be cosmopolitan in its distribution, and there are several other genera and probably species in which no difference can be found from individuals gathered from the Senonian beds of Europe. The reason for the constant succession of calcareous sands and shelly limestones, the former much the thicker of the two, is also a moot point. The only conditions under which I can imagine these beds to have been laid down would be similar, for instance, to those now prevailing at the mouth of the La Plata or in the Delta of the Ganges. The Pondoland fossils are clearly of littoral species. The vegetable, as also reptilian remains, are evidence of nearness of land. No wood specimens have yet been identified, but unless the condition of the waters varied completely from time to time it is impossible to by W. J. Plows. 65 explain the alternation in the sediments. The shell conglomerate must have been laid down on or near a sea beach. Many of the specimens show evidence of wear from wave action. On the other hand, in the sandy layers, most fragile specimens are quite complete. The character of the sandy beds is quite in accordance with what we might expect within moderate range of a shore where there was a huge Estuary or Delta belonging to a river like the La Plata or the Ganges. Prof. Agassiz tells us that in some regions vast quantities of terrestrial vegetation are strewn over the sea bottom, even at depths of 2,000 fathoms, and at distances of several hundred miles from land. ‘When dredging off the coasts of Central America in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans he frequently brought up not only leaves and fruit, but even logs. In the present instance we require no great depth nor distance from the shore to explain the deposits. Were the sea floor, at only moderate depth, the abode of marine animals such as the lamellibranchs, gasteropods and cephalo- pods, now found in the Pondoland rocks, heavy flooding of one or more large rivers would bring down and carry out to sea just such sediments as we find in the thicker layers at the Umzamba. Alternate risings and sinkings of the land need not be called upon to explain our varied strata. There are too many of these, with too little variation in the fauna for the latter suggestion to be the more likely. It is well known that a muddy river drops its sediment rather quickly on mixing with the sea. Salt water appears not to be able to transport fine mud as well as fresh water does, irrespective of the fact that the decreased velocity of a stream on reaching the open sea naturally lowers its carrying power. Our observations satisfied us that the sandy strata contained most animal remains just where they met the shelly beds. In many places the large ammonites are found slightly depressed in the top of the limestone, their upper three- quarters or more being in the sand. This would look as if the silt- charged flood-water smothered them as they lay, which is quite in accordance with what we know of the habits of cephalopoda. Furthermore, although as stated above, some of the shells show signs of abrasion, we found many perfect specimens of bivalves with the valves still united though slightly open. This was particularly so at 1 ‘* Three Cruises of the Blake,”’ 66 Cretaceous Rocks of Pondoland. the tops of the shell beds, another indication that these animals met a sudden death in situ. The indications all point to a steady depression of the land. No doubt the movement was in stages, with periods of rest between ; but unless the tendency was constantly downwards it is difficult to imagine how upwards of 50 feet of alternating strata could have been laid — down one upon another to a number of 30 or more. It is possible that the original beds were still more numerous, as denudation has been vigorously at work since they were again raised above sea level. In conclusion, I may say that as a result of my examination of these rocks I am satisfied there is considerable variation in the fossil contents of the various beds. For instance, a bed fairly high up (No._ . 21 on the section) is one mass of Pectens. Just below these, almost in the same stratum, are a number of Veniella, and Protocardia hillana. None of these could I find lower down. Furthermore, in this bed T’rigonia shepstonei is exceedingly scarce. In fact in the pecten bed I believe it to be absent, whereas lower down this shell generally provides about fifty per cent of the molluscan fossils. Whether further careful search will allow us to arrange these strata - in true zones, time alone will tell, but further investigation of these rocks will well repay the observer who can devote the necessary time and attention. JOHN SINGLETON & SONS, GENERAL PRINTERS, DURBAN. Annals Durban Museum, Vol. III. Plate VIII. Photos by W. J. Plows. PONDOLAND CRETACEOUS BEDS. 1... Rigut Bank or UMZAMBA RIVER. 2. CAVES KNOWN AS ‘“ [ZINDHLUZABALUNGU.” 3. UMZAMBA CLIFF, ‘ / 4 ya : Ri L] hie Bee at : sid i ; Kae A Sa Mee tu, ; ay a ” a ; + y - \ dae bP ag ae ame mn Oe Te Re ene ye eT IY ee DIE EE hae ss LR A Ta eee ee ee Se gn a Pe oe ae as oe ee “~~ Contents of previous issues (continued). Vol. I], Part 1. Published 28th December, 1917. Price 5/- nett. " J.—Malacostraca of Natal, by T. R. R. Srepsine. (Plates I-VI). II.—Varieties of Papilio d. cenea, by C. N. Barker. (Plate VII). _ T1l.—New Records of Natal Bees, by T. D, A. CocKERELu. ul “Vol. Il, Part 2, _ Published 30th July, 1918. Price 5/- nett, IV.—Some Crustacea of Natal, by T. R. R. Sressine. (Plates VITI-XI1). V.—Further Additions to the Fish Fauna of Natal, by C. Tarz Recan. VI.—Some apparently undescribed Heterocera from 8. Africa, by A. J. T. Janse. ViI.—Some Observations upon Whales by E. C. Cuuss. (Plates XIJI-X V1). VIII.—Some Records of Predaceous Insects and Their Prey, by C. N. Barkunr. 1% Vol. II, Part 3. Published 31st March, 1919. Price 5/- nett. ' TX.—A Skeleton of the Dodo (Didus ineptus), by E. C. Cuuss. (Plate aA ~ X.—On Some Rare South African Beetles (Part I), by C. N. Barker. Xi—A new Bee from Natal, by T, D. A. CockERELL. XII.—Some Crustacea of N atal, by T. R. R. Stepsine. (Plates MV ITI): XIII.—A South African Elephant, by E.C, Cuuss, (Plates XXI and XXI1). | Vol. Il, Part 4. . Published 20th October, 1919. | Price 5/- nett. XIV.— Anatomy of Sperm Whale Fetus, by F. E. Bepparp. (Plate XXIII). ~ XV.—RBhodesian Moths and their Larve, by J. A. O'Nem. (Plate XXIV). XVi.—Beetles of the Cicindela brevicollis group, by C. N. Barker. (PL XXV | and XX VI). XVII.—Natal Bees, by T. D. A. CocKERELL. XVIII. +-Fishes Braue Durban, Natal, by C. TATE Hain, “Vol. Il, Part 5. Published 25th March, 1920, Price 5/- nett. XIX.—A Revision of the Flat-fishes ( Heterosomata) of Natal, by C. Tare Recay. XX.—The White Rhinoceros in Zululand, by F. Vaveuan-Kimey. (Pl. XX VIT) XXI.—On the Genus Jctidopsis, by S. H. Havauron, ee XXiI.—On §. African Bees, chiefly collected in Natal, by ‘I. D. A, Cockxrexe. Vol HI, Part 6. Published 25th August, 1920. Price 5/- nett. XXIII.—The Malacostraca of Durban Bay, by the Rev. T. R..R. Stessine (Plates XX VITI-XXXIT). XXIV. —Further Data and some Corrections on the Brevicollis Group of Cicin- dele, by C. N. BarkEr. ‘ XXV.—On S. African Bees, chiefly collected in Natal, by T. D. A. CockgRELt. Vol. III, Part 1. Published 31st January, 1921. Price 5/- nett I.—Three new Fishes from South Africa, by C. Tate Recan. II.—On some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal, by Joun Hewirt. IIL.—Some Crustacea of Natal, by the Rev. T. R. RB. Sreppine. (Plates I-V). _ IV.—South African Mammals in the Durban Museum, by P. S. Kursnaw. | Obtainable through any S. African bookseller or ha Messrs, William Wesley & Son, Sole Huropean Agents, 28 Essex Street, Strand, London. ‘CONTENTS. ‘V.—On Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Ponde L. F. Spata (Plates VI-VII) ~ EE LT ST NS i fT TTT | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES "WANA 3 9088 01205 3617