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PICU R IC RE tA YA eae Hat a i se oorac neat ale san Dieso, Cale eA male: Tipula atrisumma n. sp. Male: brownish yellow; head grayish brown with a darker brown line above; rostrum yellowish, somewhat grayish above; palpi wholly brown; first and second segments of antennee yellow, others wholly brown, those beyond the fourth slightly incrassate at the base; collare brownish with two yellow spots; mesonotum yellowish, with three broad brown stripes the median one divided by a faint gray line; coxee pleura and metanotum hoary; scutellum brownish yellow; halteres brownish, knobs darker; legs brownish yellow, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker; abdomen yellowish with a very broad brown line above, posterior margin of segments yellow; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a median pair of short yellow projections which are but little longer than wide; median one-third of ninth tergite yellow, rest . brown, with a broad deep incision and a median depression; just below the median portion of the groove is a pair of short, black, highly chitin- ized, triangular plates; ninth sternite with a deep very broad U-shaped incision from the lateral margins of which hangs a pair of short slightly tumid processes; pleural sutures complete; pleura produced into a OA? New Western Tipula 43 rather long somewhat curved process the black tip of which ends in two short points; first pair of appendages spatulate, second pair broad, flat- tened, twisted and ending in two short black tips the upper one of which is longer, broader and triangular; wings hyaline; stigma brown; the indistinct whitish line not reaching the base of the fourth posterior cell. Female: First and second joint of antennez yellow, third and sometimes the fourth somewhat yellowish, others brown; eighth tergite a little shorter than the seventh; eighth sternite about as long as the seventh; posterior margin witha crescent-shaped incision and depressions; the apical appendages, corresponding to the lower valves of the ovipos- itor, are short, quadrate, upper margins more strongly chitinized with the edge twisted or rolled, posterior margins with sharp-pointed trian- gular processes ninth tergite about half as long as eighth; tenth tergite narrow, about twice as long as ninth ending posteriorly in a pair of short, round-tipped lobes, beneath which is a broad, short, unchitinized appendage which also ends in a pair of short lobes similar to those above; ninth sternite, lying above the eighth sternite, consists of two strongly chitinized lateral plates which are united posteriorly into a rather long sharp process. Length, male 9 mm.; female 11 mm., wing 10 mm. abit oanslucgo, Cale ll o,.o o- Tipula incurva n. sp. Brown; head grayish brown; rostrum yellowish brown; palpi brown; first, second and third joints of antennze yellow, others brown, cylin- drical, slightly darker at base; collare grayish brown with four brown spots; mesothorax grayish brown with four brown stripes, the median ones indistinctly divided by grayish lines; coxe and pleura hoary; scutellum and metathorax yellowish; halteres yellow, knobs brown; femora yellow; tarsi, tibia and tip of femora brown; abdomen yellowish brown with the anterior margin of each segment darker brown; ninth tergite brown, short, broad, with an inconspicuous median ridge, posterior margin with a slight crescent-shaped incision; posterior lateral angles ending in short, blunt, downward-projecting processes; ninth sternite with a broad rounded incision from the posterior lateral angles of which arises a pair of two-lobed inward and upward projecting appendages, the lower lobe being much the smaller of the two; second pair of pleural appendages almost concealed by the first which are rather broad, flat- tened and bluntly pointed at the tip; wings with a brownish tinge; a rather broad, whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending through the basal cells a short distance from their tips to the sixth vein, along which it extends to the posterior margin of the wing; an irregular whitish spot about the middle of the axillary cell; another covering the basal two-thirds of the discal cell, and another in the base of the second marginal and sub-marginal cell; stigma brown; discal cell twice as long as wide. Length 10 mm., wing 11 mm. Habitat: Nebraska. 1 male. 44 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Tipula alta n. sp. Brown; head brown; rostrum yellow; palpi yellow darker toward the tips; first and second joints of antennz yellow, others brown, seg- ments rather long, cylindrical; collare light brown with three darker brown spots; mesothorax grayish brown with three brown stripes, the median one divided by a grayish line; pleura hoary; scutellum and metathorax yellowish the latter somewhat hoary; halteres brown, knobs darker brown; legs yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia brownish; abdomen brownish yellow, with a broad dorsal line and interrupted lateral brownish bands; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a cresent-shaped incision from the posterior margin of which arise two tufts-of rather long yellow hairs; ninth tergite with a broad, deep V-shaped incision the margins of which are black; ninth sternite yellow, with a broad, deep depression; pleural suture very short; pleura yellow, somewhat triangular, first pair of appendages small, spatulate, second pair broad, flat, the lower branch somewhat hooked-shaped and. black- tipped; wings hyaline; stigma brown; an indistinct interrupted whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending into the base of fourth posterior cell; discal cell in the single specimen before me open. Length 9 mm., wing 9 mm. Habitat: Lander, Wyoming. 1 male. Alt. 5,000 to 8,000: Reet. This is the first Tipula I have seen with an open discal cell. As I have only a single specimen before me I do not know whether this is a constant character or only accidental. Tipula marina n. sp. Brown; head grayish brown; rostrum grayish brown; palpi dark brown; antennze wholly dark brown; segments beyond the third some- what excised below; collare grayish brown; mesonotum light brownish with three broad, dark brown stripes, each of which is divided by a light brown line; coxz, pleura, scutellum and metanotum grayish, somewhat hoary; halteres brownish, knobs darker; legs brownish, base of femora and tibia somewhat yellowish; abdomen brown, posterior margins of segments narrowly, lateral margins, broadly lighter; ninth tergite reddish brown, darker toward the base, posterior lateral angles some- what produced, tips rounded; with a median deep, narrow V-shaped incision; no pleural suture; third pair of appendages short, tumid, brownish yellow, covered with short yellow hair; wings with a brownish tinge much lighter toward the base; the rather broad whitish space bordering the fourth vein extends through the discal cell and the fourth posterior cell to the posterior margin of the wing, in the region of the prefurca it widens and extends to the anterior margin and sends a broad irregular shaped arm through the second basal cell; bases of the marginal, sub-marginal and first posterior cells whitish; veins and stigma. brown. Length male 13 mm., wing 13 mm. 1912] New Western Tipula 45 Habitat: Palo) Alto, Cal 3 males. Differs from T. tristis Doane, which it somewhat resembles in being larger, darker, wings darker and in the V-shaped incision on the posterior margin of the ninth tergite being broader posterior y, narrower anteriorly and much deeper. Tipula fulvinodus n. sp. Brown; head brownish, cinereous above with a median broad, brown stripes; rostrum yellowish on the sides; palpi brown; first and second segment of antennze yellowish; third brownish yellow, others light brown; dorsum of thorax very light brown with three broad, brown stripes each of which is divided by a gray line; scutellum, metanotum and pleura grayish pruinose; halteres light brown, base yellow, knobs darker brown; legs yellowish, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi darker; abdomen brown, darker posteriorly with three darker brown stripes, posterior margin of each segment yellowish; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a rather deep incision, posterior lateral angles each having a tuft of long yellow hair; posterior margin of ninth tergite with a Y-shaped incision, lateral angles rounded, yellow; ninth sternite with a broad rounded incision in which hangs a pair of whitish appendages the tips of which are brown, flattened and covered with thick, short yellow hair; pleural suture very indistinct, pleura whitish; first pair of appendages whitish, long, very slender, slightly curved; second pair broad, flattened, tips with two black teeth; third pair long, narrow, slightly wider toward the tips; wings hyaline; stigma brown; a whitish spot just beyond the stigma and a faint broken, hardly perceptible whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length 12 mm., wing 13 mm. Habitat: Grand Coulee, Wash. 1 male. Tipula nigrocorporis n. sp. Head and thorax blue-black; palpi dark brown, reddish brown toward the tips; antennz dark brown, second segment yellowish; joints of flagellum deeply incised, dorsum of thorax with three rather indistinct brown lines; femora yellow, tips brown; tibia and tarsi brown; halteres yellowish, knobs brown; first segment of abdomen black, others brown- ish yellow with a brown, lateral stripe, the sixth, seventh and eighth quite brown, yellowish posteriorly; ninth tergite with a broad, deep, crescent-shaped incision; ninth sternite with a deep V-shaped incision which almost separates the two sides of the segment; pleural plates distinctly separated from the lateral parts of the sternum; wings light brownish with four indistinct whitish spots, one before and one just behind the stigma, a larger one in the middle of the second basal cell and a fainter one in the middle of the anal and axillary cells. Length male 16 mm., wing 18 mm. Habitat: Estes Park, Colo. 1 male, 46 Annals Entomological Society of America iVioly -V; Tipula cylindrata n. sp. Brown; head very dark brown; rostrum dark brown above, yellowish below; palpi blackish brown; first and second segments of antennze yellow, third brownish yellow, others dark brown, incised below; eollare grayish with three brown spots; metanotum grayish with three brown stripes, each of which is divided by a broad gray line; coxe, pleura, scutellum and metanotum hoary; scutellum and metanotum with a median brown line; halteres yellow, knobs brown; legs brown, femora somewhat lighter toward the base; abdomen light brown, with a dorsal darker brown line; ninth tergite with a broad deep V-shaped incision, the lateral margins of which are notched; ninth sternite with a narrow very deep incision; the margins of which are continuous for a part of their length; no pleural sutures; pleural margin with a small triangular chitinized projection just outside the base of the short tumid brown third pair of appendages; wings with a grayish tinge, with several irregular more or less distinct whitish spaces; a rather broad, not well-defined whitish band beginning in front of the stigma, covering the distal portion of the first basal cell, crossing the second basal cell a little beyond its middle, and extending along the anal cell to the posterior margin of the wing; indistinct whitish spots in the base of the anal and axillary cells, in the tip of the sub-marginal cell, and in the base of the marginal, sub-marginal, first posterior, discal and fourth posterior cells; stigma and a small spot over the tip of the auxilliary vein and another over the tip of the preefurca, brown. Length 11 mm., wing 13 mm. Habitat: San Diego, Cal. 3 males. Tipula flavomarginata n. sp. Yellow; head cinereous above with a median brown stripe; rostrum, palpi and first two segments of antennze yellow; third segment yellowish, brownish toward the tip, other segments brown somewhat darker at the base; dorsum of thorax light yellowish with four distinct brown stripes; scutellum and metanotum yellow, with a faint, median, brown line; pleura yellow; halteres yellow toward the base, darker towards the knobs which are dark brown, tips lighter; femora, except the tip, yellowish; tibia and tarsi and the tips of the femora brown; abdomen yellowish at the base, brownish posteriorly, posterior margin of each segment yellow; eighth sternite slightly produced, posterior margin roundly emarginate with two bunches of reddish yellow hairs; ninth tergite produced and narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with a crescent-shaped incision in the middle of which is a pair of short, black triangular, downward-projecting teeth, the ventral margins of the pos- terior lateral angles with narrow, elongate, black ‘projections; ninth sternite divided ventrally by a broad membranous area, posterior margin with two pairs of small appendages, the upper pair ovate, tips with long yellow hairs, the lower pair more spatulate, hanging in the crescent-shaped incision in the posterior margin of the sternite; pleural suture distinct; upper pair of appendages narrow toward the base and broader toward the tip the anterior upper corner produced into a finger- 1912] New Western Tipula AT like projection; second pair of appendages broad, irregular in shape anterior margin folded back; third pair broad at the base, slightly narrower toward the tip, anterior upper corner produced into a broad, blunt tip; wings hyaline; the stigma, a small spot over the origin of the preefurca, and a narrow border along the great cross vein and the end of the fifth vein, brown; the whitish band beginning in front of the stigma extends across the discal cell into the fourth posterior cell, (in some specimens reaching almost or quite to the posterior margin) ; small white spot just beyond the stigma. Length 11 mm., wing 13 mm. Habitat: San Diego, Cal. 8 males. Tipula rusticola n. sp. Yellow; head yellowish, darker above; palpi brown, last segment darker; first and second segments of antennz yellow, others lght brown darker at the base; thorax light yellow, the brownish stripes of the dorsum faintly indicated; halteres yellowish, knobs brown, tips lighter; femora yellowish, tips brown; tibia and tarsus brownish; abdo- men yellowish, brownish posteriorly; posterior margin of eighth sternite with two tufts of rather long, reddish yellow, hairs; ninth tergite with a broad, median furrow, lateral angles but slightly produced; ninth sternite divided by a rather broad, whitish membranous portion; from the pos- terior margin just at the edge of the membrane there arises a pair of chitinized two-parted appendages, the outer posterior part 1s somewhat spatulate the tip furnished with a fringe of reddish yellow hair, the inner part is broader, longer, somewhat twisted and with a double- pointed tip; first pair of appendages long, slender; second pair broad, black-tipped with three more strongly chitinized ridges; the third appendages are much smaller, unchitinized and have a small soft leaf-like lobe extending outwardly at right angles to the rest of the lobe; wings hyaline, veins brownish yellow; stigma brown; a whitish broken band beginning in front of the stigma and extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length 12 mm., wing 12 mm. Habitat: Keyport, Wash. 2 males. Tipula derbyi n. sp. Yellow; head dark brown pruinose above; rostrum brownish yellow; palpi very dark brown; first, second and basal half of third segment of antenne, yellow, other segments very dark brown; thorax yellow the three dorsal brown stripes more or less distinctly indicated; halteres brown, yellow at the base, knobs darker; legs yellow, tarsi and the distal portion of the tibia brownish; abdomen yellow somewhat darker pos- teriorly; dorsal and lateral lines more or less faintly indicated; eighth tergite of male semicircular; eighth sternite produced posteriorly and forming a floor for the genital chamber, posterior margin with a shallow semicircular incision which is filled with a white more or less tumid membrane; posterior lateral angles with sub-triangular chitinized processes, the terminal portion of which bear a few short, curved bris- tles; ninth tergite divided by a median suture into two sub-rectangular, 48 Annals Entomological Society of America Wol=ae somewhat tumid, protruding processes the posterior lateral margins of which are sharply incised; ninth sternite large, lower posterior angles with somewhat curved, downward-projecting spatulate appendages, these are attached by the lateral margin and bear numerous short, reddish brown hairs near the tip; pleural sutures well-developed com- pletely setting off the sharp-pointed triangular pleura, first pair of pleural appendages small, spatulate, second pair with a narrow stalk bearing a large, thin, irregular, rectangular plate; third pair somewhat spatulate, very much larger than the first pair, with rather long reddish hair at the tip; eighth sternite of female rather strongly chitinized, posterior lateral angles produced into short rounded lobes a little longer than wide; two short, broad, two-pointed strongly chitinized appendages arise from the posterior lateral angles of the broad truncate median lobe; ninth tergite very small almost concealed beneath the eighth; tenth tergite also very short, more strongly chitinized, cerci very short, broad, rounded; wings hyaline with a very slight smoky tinge, costal and subcostal cells yellowish; stigma brown, an interrupted whitish band running from in front of the stigma through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell, another whitish spot behind the stigma, a small indistinct brownish spot at the origin of the prefurca. Length male 13 mm., female 12 mm., wing 12 mm. Habitat: Stanford University. Many males, 6 females. Larve feeding on grain roots in meadows. Tipula pacifica n. sp. Brown; head grayish brown with dorso-median and _ post-ocular broad, brown lines; rostrum grayish brown, sides darker; first and last segments of palpi dark brown, others lighter brown; first and second segments of antennz yellowish brown others brownish, darker at the base; antennz of female more yellowish; thoracic dorsum with very broad, brown stripes which are distinctly bordered by darker brown lines; median stripe divided by a fusiform brown line; lateral margins clouded with brown; dorso-pleural membrane whitish; pleura grayish brown with indistinct brown spots; an irregular brownish line just below the dorso-pleural suture; scutellum almost wholly brown; metanotum grayish with three broad, brown stripes; halteres brownish, knobs darker, tips whitish; legs brownish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker; abdomen brown, darker brown laterally; extreme margins whitish, seventh, eighth and ninth segments almost wholly dark brown; posterior margin of eighth sternite yellowish, not produced posteriorly; posterior margin of ninth tergite yellowish, under surface with two black, triangular, downward-projecting processes; posterior margin of ninth sternite with a broad, deep rectangular incision; pleural suture indistinct, lateral margins with a pair of very large whitish irregular- shaped appendages some of the inner and upper folds of which are furnished with thick, short, black hairs or bristles; upper appendages rather broad, lateral margins somewhat rolled, tip rounded; ovipositor of female reddish brown, upper valves rather long, acute; lower valves 1912] New Western Tipula 49 reaching about to middle of upper valves; wings long and broad, brown, with whitish spots in all the cells, a spot in the beginning of the basal cells, the origin of the preefurca, the stigma, the tip of the seventh vein and less distinct spots near the middle of the second basal, anal and axillary cells, darker brown; the margin of the wing is marked with larger or smaller whitish spots in all the cells; irregular whitish spots in the region of the stigma, the discal cell and in the basal anal cells; veins brown, some of them with a narrow brown border. Length male 26 mm., female 33 mm., wing 27 mm. ne@bitat: Weer Park. Placer:Co., Cal. (3 males, 2 females: (Types). Keyport, Wash. 1 female. One of the males is much smaller measuring only 20 mm. wing 20 mm. In size and general appearance, this specimen looks somewhat like T. abdominalis Say, but the antenna; the markings on the thorax and the structure of the hypopygium are quite different. Tipula californica n. sp. Brownish yellow; head yellowish slightly darker above; palpi brown, yellowish toward the base; first and second and the basal half of the third segments of the antennze yellow, other segments brown, darker at the base; dorsum of thorax light brownish yellow with four broad, brown stripes; scutellum and metanotum brownish yellow; pleura hoary; halteres whitish, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs yellowish, tips of the femora, tibia and tarsi darker; abdomen yellowish, brownish posteriorly, sides with a distinct broken brown line; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a rounded incision, the middle with a short rounded pro- jection above which arises two slender pencils of yellow hairs; lateral angles with a pair of triangular tooth-like projections which bear a fringe of long yellow hairs on their inner margins; ninth tergite with a deep median furrow and a rather deep V-shaped incision from the apex of which arises a short triangular black-tipped tooth; ninth sternite with a very broad, deep U-shaped incision in which hangs a pair of large, tumid, yellow-haired appendages; apex of this incision with fine short, reddish-yellow hairs which almost conceal two short, conical projections; pleural sutures complete; first pair of appendages somewhat conical, furnished with rather long, black hairs; second pair broad, somewhat flattened edges black; third pair more strongly chitinized, oblong, somewhat twisted, ending in a blunt point; wings hyaline with a slight brownish tinge particularly in the apex; the stigma and a small spot over the tip of the subcostal vein and the beginning of the preefurca, brown; veins with an indistinct whitish border; a whitish spot just before and just behind the stigma. Length 16 mm., wing 20 mm. Habitats Palo Alte:-Cal” ~Z-males; 50 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vok V, Tipula rupicola n. sp. Brown; head brownish with broad, darker, dorso-median and post- ocular lines; rostrum darker brown; palpi very dark brown; antennz yellowish darker toward the tip, base of each segment beyond the third blackish; mesonotum tawny the three brown stripes bordered by dis- tinct darker brown lines, the median one divided by a rather broad, dark brown line; dorso-pleural membrane whitish; pleura grayish brown; an irregular line just below the dorso-pleural suture, and other spots, darker brown; scutellum and metanotum brown; halteres light yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs yellowish brown, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker, a broad whitish ring on the femora a short distance from the tip; abdomen brown, darker posteriorly, lateral margin darker; ninth tergite somewhat tumid, posterior margin reflexed and with a pair of inconspicuous black edged teeth; pleural suture complete extend- ing to the anterior margin of the segment thus distinctly separating the pleura from the sternum; ninth sternite almost hidden by the eighth sternite; posterior margin with two broad appendages the edges of which are rolled in such a way that the contiguous edges of the two form a large projecting open tube; posterior margin of the pleura rather strongly chitinized, lower corner produced into a short, sharp point; upper pair of appendages broad, short, tips with a shallow rounded incision and with a fringe of black hairs; upper and posterior margin of second pair of appendages furnished with rather long reddish brown hairs the lower angle produced into a rather long spatulate projection; the upper posterior angle of the third pair of appendages strongly chitinized and bearing a few black hairs; wings rather broad and long, brownish with the following parts darker brown: the stigma, a spot over the origin of the preefurca, the base of the fourth posterior cell, the tips of all the veins beyond the apex of the wing, the middle of the posterior margin of the second basal cell, the middle of the anal cell; the distal portion of the second and fifth vein narrowly bordered with brown; a whitish spot beginning in the margin of the wing just beyond the stigma extends into the first posterior cell and follows it to the tip of the wing; another whitish spot beginning in the margin in front of the origin of the praefurca extends diagonally across the first basal and just into the second basal cell; other smaller spots in the discal, anal, axillary and the margins of all the posterior cells, those in the anal cell extending forward into the second basal cell. Length 25 mm., wing 25 mm. Habitat: Oak Creek Canon, Ariz. 1 male. The coloring of the body and the wing markings somewhat resemble T, contaminata Doane, but there are several differ- ences the most important of which is the structure of the hypopy- gium. This and the following species, T. albimacula, have the pleural sutures well developed thus entirely separating the pleura from the other sclerites. Following Snodgrass, these species 1912] New Western Tipula 51 would be in a group lower than any he studied, a group cor- responding to the simplest of the brevipalpi where the pleura and sterna are entirely separated. Tipula albimacula n. sp. Brownish yellow; head brownish yellow with a darker stripe above; first segment of palpi yellowish others brownish, last segment darker; antenne yellowish toward the base, growing darker toward the tip, last four or five segments brown; metanotum brown with three broad, darker brown stripes; pleura yellowish, pruinose, with a rather broad, brown stripe extending from above the base of the first coxee to the base of the wings; scutellum brown with a median lighter line; metanotum yellowish with a very narrow median brown line; legs yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker; abdomen yellowish, spotted with brownish, with dorsal and lateral brown stripes; first, sixth, seventh and eighth terga brownish; ninth tergite tumid, posterior margin with a broad crescent-shaped incision in the middle of which is a small semi- circular incision; ninth sternite similar to the preceding sternites, pos- terior margin bearing a pair of leaf-like appendages which are attached near the middle of their long sides, the margins of the opposing faces shightly curled in, thus forming an incomplete tube; pleural suture extending to the anterior margin of the segment so that the pleural sclerites are completely separated from the others; upper appendages. broad, rounded, margins somewhat more chitinized; lower appendages long, rather broad, somewhat twisted, ending in an upper rather broad, blunt arm and a lower narrow, curved, sharp-pointed claw; wings with a brownish tinge with several lighter and darker spots; an irregular broken V-shaped, whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and ending close to the tip of the sixth vein; a rather large irregular whitish spot on the margin of the axillary cell and other smaller whitish spots in all of the cells in the apical portion of the wing; the whitish spots in the margins of the posterior cells are bordered on each side by brownish spots. Length 20 mm., wing 22 mm. Habitat; Arizona. 1 male: See the note in regard to the hypopygium of T. rupicola. Tipula aspersa n. sp. Brown; head grayish brown with a narrow median, dark brown line above and brownish lines back of the eyes; rostrum grayish brown, darker laterally; palpi dark brown; antennze yellowish, base of each segment beyond the third black; metanotum grayish with three brown- ish stripes each of which is margined by darker brown; median stripes divided by a narrow brown line, lower margin of metanotum bordered by a brown line; pleura grayish pruinose with two median brown spots and a brown stripe which begins on the prothorax and ends just beyond the mesopleural suture; scutellum and metanotum grayish, each with a median brown line; a brown spot above the base of the halteres; halteres yellowish, knobs brown; legs yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora 52 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, and tibia darker; abdomen brown with darker stripes dorsally and laterally; posterior margin of ninth tergite of male with a pair of shiny. brown, triangular projections between which is a deep narrow U-shaped incision; ninth sternite completely bordered below by a deep V-shaped incision; pleural suture distinct curving upward about the middle of the segment after which it soon disappears; upper appendages long, broad, strap-like, tips rounded; lower appendages broad, the chitinized margins rolled upon themselves, the distal margin with a long, strong claw; upper valves of ovipositor of female long narrow tips rounded; lower valves rather broad, flat, tips acute; wings with a brownish tinge with brown spots at the tips of all the veins, on the origin of the praefurca, and in the second basal and anal cells; third vein and anterior branch of the fourth vein with brownish spots near the middle; second, third and fourth posterior cells with brownish spots toward the bases; stigma brown; an interrupted whitish band beginning back of the stigma and extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length male 14 mm., female 19 mm., wing 17 mm. Habitat: Pacific Grove, Cal. 1 male, 1 female. Tipula planicornia n. sp. Brownish yellow; head yellowish somewhat cinereous above, with a median darker line; palpi yellow, last segment brown; first three segments of antennz yellow, fourth sometimes also yellowish, others brown, darker at the base; dorsum of the thorax brownish yellow, with three brown stripes the median one divided by a cinereous or yellowish line; scutellum yellow with a median, brown line; pleura and metano- tum grayish pruinose; halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs yellow, tarsi somewhat darker; abdomen brownish yellow, darker posteriorly, the median, dorsal, brown line broader than the later lines; posterior margin of the eighth sternite with a shallow rounded incision, middle portion with a whitish membrane from which arises two brush- like tufts of long, light yellow hairs, as both tufts are directed inward they cross each other; lateral angles furnished with a broad, irregular- shaped chitinized appendage, the upper inner angle of which is drawn out into a rather long, flattened, slightly curved claw; the inner (anter- ior) face of this appendage is furnished with two ridges or keels, the upper one has a serrate, hairy margin, the lower one, running at right angles to the other, is pruduced into a long, narrow, slightly curved arm; ninth tergite small, posterior margin with two-small crescent-shaped incisions between which is a sharp, triangular, furrowed tooth; ninth sternite with a very deep U-shaped incision which is filled with a pair of appendages the posterior faces of which are chitinized and each terminating in a pair of backward-projecting claws, the lower ones long and curved, the upper ones short, less strongly chitinized, inconspicu- ous; pleural suture complete; upper pair of appendages reddish brown, broadly spatulate, furnished with long, brownish/and yellowish hairs; second pair elongate, suddenly broadened about the middle, posterior margin with long yellow hairs, distal margin black, strongly chitinized; third pair yellow, narrowly spatulate; the long, strongly chitinized , 1912} _ New Western Tipula 53 black-tipped, shield-shaped penis guard often shows distinctly between these appendages; abdomen of female long, cylindrical; ovipositor reddish brown, upper valves long, slender, acute, lower valves broader, less acute; wings hyaline with a slight brownish tinge; stigma light brown, inconspicuous; a rather distinct whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length male 18 mm., female 27 mm., wing 19 mm. Habitat: San Diego, Cal. 20 males, 8 females. Tipula pyramis n. sp. Brownish yellow; head yellowish, cinereous above, with a median darker line; palpi yellow, last segment darker; first three segments of antenne yellow, others brown; dorsum of thorax light yellowish brown, with four broad, brown stripes, the anterior ends of each of which curve slightly outward; between the median pair is a narrow, indistinct brown line; metanotum, pleura and coxz grayish pruinose; halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs brownish, base of femora yellow- ish; abdomen brownish yellow, darker posteriorly with three brown stripes which are broader and browner posteriorly; eighth sternite somewhat produced posteriorly, posterior margin with a rather broad, elongated round-tipped flap which is margined with yellowish hairs; above this flap, attached to the inner (upper) surface of the eighth sternite and to the anterior margin of the ninth sternite is a long, flat, tapering, slender process the curved tip of which hooks into the median incision of the posterior margin of the ninth sternite; ninth tergite short, leaving the appendages unusually exposed, divided by a deep V-shaped incision and a dorsal median furrow from which arises a short, conical light-colored process; ninth sternite elongated, posterior margin with a deep incision in which, arising from the margin just below the pleural suture, is a pair of long, slender-pointed appendages; pleural suture very short; first pair of appendages rather short, stout, curved forward near the middle; second pair with the edges rolled up, ending in two black teeth; third pair unusually large, narrow at the base, broad in the middle, tapering to a blunt point, on the posterior margin near the base are two blunt teeth; wings hyaline, costal and subcostal cell with a yellowish tinge; stigma brown; a broken, whitish band begin- ning in front of the stigma and reaching through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length 19 mm., wing 19 mm. nabitatcaveyramicd wake, Nev. . (males. Tipula sylvicola n. sp. Brownish-yellow; head yellowish, cinereous above; palpi brown, first segment yellow; first three segments of antennz yellow, others brown, somewhat darker at the base; dorsum of thorax grayish brown with three broad, brown stripes, the median one divided by a gray line; scutellum light yellow with a faint median brown line; metanotum and pleura yellowish, pruinose; halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs yellow, tips of femora tibia and tarsi darker; abdomen brownish 54 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, yellow, darker posteriorly, the darker dorsal and lateral stripes faintly indicated; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a very broad, rounded incision, middle portion with a narrow white membrane from which arises two brushes of very long, reddish yellow hair; lateral angles with more strongly chitinized, triangular, inward-projecting appendages, the tips and inner margins-of which are furnished with yellow hairs; posterior margin of ninth tergite with a broad shallow incision and with a less strongly chitinized yellow border which is quite distinctly set off from the rest of the tergite, the middle of this border is provided with a pair of blackish triangular teeth, the inner margins of which are straight and close together; ninth sternite with a deep narrow U-shaped incision in the upper part of which hangs a pair of tumid, yellow appendages; pleural sutures complete; upper pair of appendages spatulate, yellow, furnished with brownish and yellow hairs; second pair broad, yellow, black-tipped; third pair elongate, tips rounded, margins reddish brown; wings hyaline; stigma brown, a broken whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length 16 mm., wing 17 mm. Habitat: Keyport, Wash. 5males(Type). S.Cal. 1 male. Tipula ungulata n. sp. Brown; head yellowish, cinereous above, with a median darker line; palpi brown, first segment yellow; first three segments of antennz yellow, third brown toward the tip, other segments brown; thorax grayish pruinose; dorsum with three brown stripes, the median one divided by a gray line; scutellum yellowish with a median brown line; halteres yellowish, knobs brown, tips lighter; legs yellowish, tarsi, tips of femora and tibia brown; abdomen yellowish brown, darker poster- iorly with three distinct brown lines; eighth sternite with a slight, rounded incision from which arises two tufts of reddish yellow hair; posterior lateral angles with large more strongly chitinized appendages, the posterior face of which is mostly black, ending in a broad, blunt outer tooth and an inner, narrower, sharper tooth; posterior margin of ninth tergite with a rounded-incision in the middle of which are two short, sharp points; ninth sternite divided by a deep, broad U-shaped incision in which hangs a pair of yellowish pendulous appendages and from which projects a pair of conspicuous, strongly chitinized, claw-like appendages; pleural suture complete; first pair of appendages rather broad, brown, tip rounded, with long brown hair; second pair broad, flattened, outer face with a more strongly chitinized fold; third pair elongate, narrowed in the middle, tip rounded; abdomen of female very long, ovipositor reddish brown, upper valves long, acute, tips slightly curved, lower valves long, broad, tips truncate, slightly roundly emar- ginate; wings hyaline with a brownish tinge; costal and subcostal cell yellowish; stigma and a very narrow border on the great cross vein and the tip of the fifth vein brown; a whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell; and indistinct whitish spot beyond the stigma. Length male 15 mm., female 23 mm., wing 16 mm. Habitat: San Diego, Cal. 16 males, 4 females. (7 1912} New Western Tipula Tipula bifalcata n. sp. Yellow; head yellow, cinereous above with a median, darker line; palpi yellow, tips somewhat darker; first and second segments of an- tenne yellow, others brown; dorsum of thorax honey yellow, stripes very faintly indicated; rest of thorax yellowish, pruinose; halteres yellow, knobs brown; legs yellow, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi darker; abdomen yellow at the base, brownish posteriorly; eighth sternite produced, narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin with a shallow broad, rounded incision from the middle of which arises a tuft of short, thick, stiff, yellow hairs; lateral angles with a pair of conical processes, the tips of each of which are furnished with a pair of close-set, long, heavy, curved, reddish bristles and several shorter yellow hairs; ninth tergite with a deep median furrow, posterior margin ending in a pair of short, broad, blunt, black teeth, between which is a square incision; posterior lateral angles inflexed; ninth sternite with a deep shield-shaped incision from the sides of which arises a pair of rectangular plates which are imbedded in the membrane and to the tips of which are attached the two-parted base of the long, strongly curved, deeply furrowed, two- pointed guard; just below the end of the pleural suture, which is indi- cated only at the posterior margin, hangs a pair of flat, truncate append- ages, the lower edges of which are furnished with long, thick, reddish yellow hair; posterior margin of pleura with a very slight rounded incision; first pair of appendages long, slender, yellow, curved backward near their middle, tips with long yellow hairs; second pair broad, flat- tened, base narrower, anterior margin strongly chitinized, with a sharp triangular tooth at the tip and a long, narrow spine near the base of the appendage; inner faces with a series of fine chitinous ridges; third pair well separated from the second, spatulate with anterior angle drawn out into a broad, blunt point; arising from the same common base as the other appendages is a fourth pair of strongly chitinized appendages each consisting of a broad base and a long, regularly upward-curved, tapering hook; wings hyaline; costal and subcostal cell lightly tinged with yellow; stigma brown, indistinct; a faintly indicated whitish spot in front of the stigma. Length 18 mm., wing 19 mm. Habitat: san iis. Cal. l-male: Tipula biarmata n. sp. Like T. bifalcata with the following exceptions: third joint of antennz mostly yellow; dorsum of thorax lighter yellow; the posterior margin of the ninth tergite without the median square incision; the truncate appendages just below the end of the pleural suture are more tumid; third pair of pleural appendages elongate, narrow, of the same width throughout; fourth pair of appendages flatter, shorter, less strongly curved; a distinct whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell. Length 18 mm., wing 19 mm. Habitat: Keyport, Wash. 1 male. 56 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol Cryptines as are entirely wingless in the 2 (none of which have an areolated metathorax), and have no scutellum in this sex. This reduces the tribe to the following known genera. Thaumatotypus Forster. Pezomachus Grav. Pezolochus Forster. all of which are represented in North America. Three species of the genus Pezomachus fall into a group so distinctive that I have proposed a sub-genus Mucromeson, herein described, to include them. The discarded genera of the tribe are now distributed as follows: . Cremnodes, A pterophygus and Theroscopus are now included in the genus Hemiteles Grav. and the genus Hemimachus is now -sunk in Pezomachus; while the species of A ptesis are included some in Microcryptus Ratz. and some in Hemiteles. There are no valid records of any of these genera, as they were then defined, being represented in America, with the pos- sible exception of Aptesis the two described American species of which must now probably be included in Microcryptus. The three species placed in the genus Cremnodes by Ashmead and Harrington must be transferred to Thaumatotypus, while of the four species placed by Ashmead in Theroscopus three, namely T. americanus, T. kukakensis and T. rufipes belong to the genus Pezomachus while the fourth, 7. popofensis was described from a single winged male and cannot therefore be, with certainty, placed in this genus. . The three genera of Pezomachini Schmied. can be separated as follows: 1. Second abdominal segment very large covering 34 of the entire length of the hind body, connate with the third segment. Petiole much longer than ;the=metathoraxes je Saco cms eee emer Thaumatotypus Forst Second abdominal segment not covering*4 of the hind body, not connate with the third segment. Petiole rarely much longer than the metathorax. 2 2wehace much abbreviatedircaiscimce cinch ne ene em eres Pezolochus Grav. Face: of normallengths i. 55 terns tee ie at ee eee Pezomachus Gravy. The subgenera of Pezomachus sens, lat. can be separated as follows: $ Prothorax much swollen in both sexes so that it is at least as long as the mesonotum along the median line. Petiole long and unusually slender. Subgenus Micromeson Prothorax not abnormally enlarged, shorter along median line than the mesonotum; petiole considerably expanded apically..Subgenus Pezomachus 3Die Hymenopteren mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer, Jena. (1906). 1912] The Pezomachini of North America 115 Although I have only separated out this one subgenus of Pezomachus it is evident when one is working over a quantity of material that there are several well defined groups of species in this genus which would suggest that though the species, especially in the female sex are very similar, this genus may in real- ity consist of degenerate forms from more than one genus or even tribe. Unfortunately the species recognized in the male sex, which would probably have more distinctive characters, are much fewer than those now described in the female sex and in only nine American species have the males and females been correlated. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Thaumatotypus. IRemrAmiGcramcenl Set Ou te iam oils chp hak os ae nen er Rony ne elite fe ah 2 Antenne 16-jointed; petiole striate, piceous species..... spinulatus sp. nov. 2. Head and abdomen rufous, thorax, testaceous........... canadensis Harr. IN@tHSOREOlOUnEGietn s Ate te et atac at seaaaacn tie Mee creed tetra Sh Meee raw 3 o.- Petiole striate, metathoracic teeth acute................. alaskensis Ashm. Petiole smooth, or with median line, metathoracic teeth not prominent tuberculatus Ashm. KEY TO THE NEW SPECIES OF Pezomachus HERE DESCRIBED. FEMALES. 1. ‘‘Metathoracic’’ carina entirely absent; piceous species; length 4mm... P. utahensis “Metathoracic’’ carina indicated, either completely or only laterally.... 2 Za Onipositon not more than nalias lone as\ the petiole. ......-...s......925- 3 Ovipositor at least about the same length as the petiole.................. 4 3. Antennze 19-jointed, abdominal pubescence dense; bicolored species fermucimoussand, blacks lengthy sro) latin. 52.0 .5.5.5-..962 -- P. brevistylus Antenne 17-jointed, abdominal pubescence sparse, piceous species, length TaGy saahaa Nerdy ess dis yee chan eicecl ats enc eens Mi eee ne eee P. minutus 4, Ovipositor not much longer or shorter than the petiole................... 5 Ovipositor 11% times as long as the petiole; length of species 5mm...... P. longistylus 5. Abdominal pubescence rather long, moderately dense, antennz 17-jointed Miceous. species: length Zima ieee sect as ed ce see nena ne ets = P. robustus Se NOG Onna onbescence: SlOnte ie -etps tins tree + 1S boy ae nie ccs ee fete as Sskke 6 Gay andonmnnualipulvescemcerdenser nace sae ae neni atc oe nes oe vee pi toe baw ae 7 AindonamnallepubescenceiSparse.m versity ioaret se e 5s peste ees sche Seles eecyeneren 10 7. Metathorax viewed from the side subconical, thorax fuscous, with black Dlctele crn lemet ab Agena sa apy ana ceased erie atten atan os oak P. maculatus INVetarbin@namett o tian ale princess eer preer Roseanne yu tee 292 fo onc saydyceleuers, cv ateu soars 8 8. Petiolar spiracles so prominent that the general outline of the petiole is altered, sharply bi-colored species, head and abdominal apex black, A REM A UCe HeEV eC MONE Meera re mi teNy Berta ccrede Silexteya cad a Goat aot 5 P. coloradensis Penolarspiraclesnot at all) prommimenth. ...d.5... 2 dee a cis wee oe ele ws 9 9. Meso- and meta-thorax sub-equaldrom above, densely pubescent. Black SPECIES ween caiimete same antler n eee ME ce eto rere nh daver dog eel e « P. longipes Mesothorax much shorter than ‘‘metathorax’’ the latter always with a mie Chicnamemo Opens teen. we a Nee he nse ahd swale P. standfordensis 10. Petiolar spiracles so prominent that the general outline of the petiole is gillinsineGloc, BEBE ba o ob aso oy liceg coker Ole, Ord Ae eae tON OS Scena ceE etn em 11 116 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,. 11. Spiracles on large thick conical projections; antenne 18-jointed, length of SPECIES ROtO CII dv 2, 2, 0h nee re ee ne eee P. spiraculus. Spiracles not exceptionally prominent; yellow-ferruginous species, with piceous bands on the abdomen; length 4.5 mm................ P. dispar. 12. Small species, 2.6 mm., antenne 21-jointed, petiole very short and broad. P. pennsylvanicus. Manger species, 4mm" .on mores parcel e Aare ee eee eee ee ee 13 13. Ferruginous with third and following abdominal segments piceous, in sharp contrast to the rest of the body; length 4 mm......... P. similis. Ferruginous with fourth and following abdominal segments piceous; third piceous at base, but broadly ferruginous at apex. Length 5 mm. P. nodosus. MALES. is .Wings-fullyaidevelopedige w:2'cee oe tease Sey Sel Gee eee ae ee 2 Fore wings partially developed, hind wings absent....P. flavocinctus Ashm. Wings ab Semis ic vie as Ser Sec lege cat ice aie aa ep acta eas eel Re 4 2), ‘Carinarroughlyssemuicirculany seer a cra ee ne Meee ene 3 Carina sinuous, abdomen densely pubescent........ P. flavocinctus Ashm. 3. Piceoferruginous species with the petiole and segments two and three TBE OUI Fo) cA etn Se one) oon HE Son rca pe en Tein P. similis Piceoferruginous species with well defined apical yellow bands on the petiolevandysecondsabdonunaliseamenitzee eae een eee P. dispar 4. (Pubescencet demse ry okies ssscic eestate mie cole Rone eee Ie eco a en 5 IPUBESCENCE SPaTSE= were any ere ares aera OCS eae Bee ee Oe 7 om (Carina=complete;;SimOuUSter irs s2-ccwitereoen ryote te cea aneT One Oe a ee 6- Carina incomplete, antenne about 22-jointed.............. P. nigrofuscus 6. Antenne about 29-jointed, fuscous species though abdominal segments often with narrow yellow apical bands.................. P. flavocinctus. Antenne about 27-jointed, head thorax and petiole ferruginous, remainder Of vabdomen black. - Gp caysetic: bonis Poe eee tote ee ee eee P. manni. 7. Piceous black species with golden yellow legs.................... P. auripes Ferruginous species with a partially piceous abdomen.................. P. ottawaensis Harrington Sus GENus Micromeson. FEMALES. 1. Clear ferruginous species with piceous abdominal bandings. Face some- what sunken between the eyes. Length 6-6.5 mm.......... P. annulatus 2. Fuscous species with piceous abdominal bandings. Face level with the éyes, “length 6-65) // ) SS =a q see Fig. 1. Thaumatotypus spinulatus. Petiole very long and not much expanded, as long as the thorax, ‘strongly aciculate and with but shghtly projecting spiracles. Remainder of abdomen elliptical, with the apex sharply pointed. Surface black, smooth and shining, with a sparse long pubescence. Second segment greatly enlarged, covering 34 of the length of the abdomen, the third segment covers most of the remainder. The apex of the fourth is all that is exposed of the remaining segments. There is an indefinite testaceous band near the apex of each segment. Viewed from the side the dorsal sclerites are seen to be much produced below the body of the 118 Annals Entomological Society of America [Volk ¥: abdomen, and the free margins of the second segment meet on the ventral side of the abdomen. Ovipositor about as long as the third segment, sheaths stout, testaceous and densely pilose. Legs very stout but rather long. The swollen femora and tibiz are piceous black and are densely pubescent. The tarsi, which are quite normal in structure are of a more rufo-testaceous color. Ungues simple. Described from a single specimen taken at New Haven, Conn., by A. B. Champlain on the 20th of May, 1911. I am rather doubtful as to the genus in which this species should be placed as in Forsters description of Thaumatotypus he has “Scutellum distinct’. In this species, however, the scutellum is not indicated. As the generic description was drawn up on a single species and the present specimen agrees with it in all other particulars, notably in the much enlarged second abdominal segment, I have placed it provisionally here. Schmeideknecht places the genus in the Pezomachini and it is probable that he has seen the type so it may be that Forsters original description was not correct in this detail. Pezomachus utahensis sp. nov. Female. Length 4mm. Head thorax and abdomen shining black. Antenne and legs piceous. Metathorax strongly gibbous, without a carina. Petiolar spiracles rather prominent. Head, from above about twice as wide as thick along the median line, minutely punctulate, shining. Ocellar triangle small. Lateral ocelli nearer to the median ocellus than to the eye margins. Face entirely black, obtusely carinate medially from the insertion of the antenne to the base of the clypeus. Clypeus transverse, malar line obsolete, about half as long as the face is wide. Inner eye margins parallel and straight. Mandibles and palpi piceous. Antennz piceous above, lighter below, slender. horax uniformly and closely punctulate, shining. Prothorax rather large, closely connate with mesothorax, suture obsolete; testa- ceous on median line. Mesothorax rather larger than metathorax, scutellum indicated by a rounded though rather large and prominent tubercle. Tegular tubercles prominent and testaceous. ‘‘ Metathorax”’ strongly gibbous, posterior face abruptly declivous. Coxe _ black, remainder of legs piceous. Petiole rather short and broad, evenly widened from the base to the apex except for where the rather prominent spiracles cause a small tubercle. Closely punctured, and with an obsolete median furrow. Remainder of abdomen oval, about 21% times as wide as the thorax. Segments closely and evenly punctured, and with a sparse pubescence. Ovipositor about as long as the petiole, testaceous with fuscous sheaths. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Park City, Utah. Type in the National Museum. 1912} The Pezomachini of North America 119 Pezomachus brevistylus sp. nov. Female. Length 3.5 mm., ferruginous, with apical half of the abdomen piceous; short and robust with a much abbreviated ovipositor; entire body rather densely pubescent. Head from above ferruginous, finely shagreened and pubescent, about twice as wide as thick along the median line. Antenne short and stout, 19-jointed; scape and first few flagellar joints ferruginous, remain- der piceous, seventh and neighboring flagellar joints not quite twice as long as thick. Face below antennz somewhat swollen, subtuberculate, clypeus semi-circular, indefinitely separated basally; malar lines distinct, about 1-3 as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Mandibles yellowish. Thorax distinctly bi-nodose, ferruginous with a short rather dense pubescence. Scutellum hardly indicated, mesothoracic tegulae small but prominent; “‘metathoracic”’ carina poorly defined medially but prominent laterally. Legs ferruginous, hind legs infuscated at apex of the femora and over most of the tibie. Abdominal petiole short and broad, spiracles moderately prominent, surface ferruginous and shagreened; with a fine short pubescence; remainder of the abdomen short oval, second segment ferruginous, following segments piceous, surface punctulate, entirely clothed with a dense short pubescence. Ovipositor very short, about one-third the length of the short petiole; sheaths piceous. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Philadelphia. Closely related to P. ashmeadiw (Cremnodes californicus Ashm.), but readily distinguished by its color and more definite carina. Both of these species fall into a very distinctive group of Pezomachini the most distinctive characters of which are the shortened robust form of the body together with the much abbreviated ovipositor, and it is possible that these characters will be found to be of sub-generic value. Pezomachus minutus sp. nov. Female. Length 15 mm. Entirely piceous black, petiole short and broad at the apex. Ovipositor short. Head transverse, temples swollen, about 21% times as wide as thick along the median line. Surface polished though very finely punctured. Face below antennz more coarsely punctured and hairy, produced forward immediately below the insertion of the antennz, so that the latter are placed on a small horizontal ledge. Malar line distinct, about one-third the width of the face. Clypeus poorly defined, transverse. Mandibles and palpi piceous, concolorous with remainder of the face. Antennz sub-clavate, piceous, entirely pilose, 17-jointed, reach to apex of petiole. Seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about 114 times as long as wide. 120 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Thorax not distinctly bi-nodose; uniformly and finely punctured. Scutellum entirely absent. Tegular tubercles very prominent. ‘‘Meta- thorax”? as long as mesothorax, with a definite semi-circular carina, behind which it is abruptly truncate. Legs not stout, concolorous with the thorax. Petiole short, about 34 as broad as the apex is long; spiracles not prominent; finely and uniformly punctured. Remaining abdominal segments very shining, with-a sparse pubescence and a very fine punctu- lation. Ovipositor short about 1% the length of the petiole, luteus with dusky sheaths. Observations. Described from a single 9 taken at St Pauls Island. This species shows a relationship to P. ash- meadii and P. brevistylus in the shortened form and abbreviated ovipositor... Type in the National Museum. Pezomachus longistylus sp. nov. Female. Length 5 mm. head and thorax ferruginous; abdominal segments piceous basally, yellowish apically. . Ovipositor much elon- gate, about 11% times the length of the petiole. Head from above somewhat rectangular, the margined occiput but little excavated; surface shagreened and of a-deep ferruginous color. Antennz longer than the head and thorax together, 24-jointed, slender; seventh and neighboring flagellar joints almost twice as long as thick; scape somewhat yellowish, apical third of flagellum piceous. Face ferruginous, rather long, malar lines distinct, about one-third as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Clypeus not very dis- tinctly separated, mandibles yellowish with piceous teeth; labium prominent, yellow. Thorax bi-nodose, somewhat slender, its surface evenly shagreened; scutellum poorly defined; ‘“‘metathorax’’ somewhat gibbose, with a delicate complete transverse carina. Legs elongate ferruginous. Abdominal petiole with prominent spiracles; width at apex about three times that at the base; surface finely shagreened, base ferruginous, apex yellowish; remainder of abdomen oval with surface finely sha- greened and clothed with a-sparse pubescence, all segments piceous basally, second segment yellow apically. On the third and following segments the yellow is gradually replaced by ferruginous. Ovipositor much elongated, almost. 11% times the length of the petiole, sheaths piceous black. Observations. . Described from a single perfect specimen in the National Musetim. Habitat and time of capture. not noted. It somewhat resembles P. micarie Howard. ~ Pezomachus: robustus ‘sp. nov. Female, length 2 2mm. A robust piceous species, with short, stout antennz and rather thick legs, ‘“‘metathoracic” carina present but indefinite. No spiracular tubercles on the petiole. 1912] The Pezomachint of North America 121 Head large, from above rectangular, about twice as wide as thick along the median line; surface rather coarsely shagreened. Face swollen below the insertion of the antenne, and of a lighter color than the vertex. Malar lines distinct, not quite half as long as the face is wide, between the lower angles of the eyes. Clypeus not very well defined basally, the free margin is almost semi-circular. The antennz are short and stout, composed of 17 joints, of which the seventh and neighboring flagellar joints are only slightly longer than wide. The basal half of the antenne is of a lighter brown colour than the head. Thorax distinctly bi-nodose, clothed with a sparse pubescence rather coarsely shagreened. The scutellum is absent. The ‘“meta- thoracic”’ carina is poorly defined especially medially. The legs are stout, not very long, and somewhat lighter in color than the thorax. The abdominal petiole is short and evenly widened from the base to the apex, which is squarely truncate. The spiracles are not prom- inent. The surface is somewhat aciculate and dotted with an out- standing pubescence. Remainder of abdomen ovoid, shining, with a rather long pubescence. Ovipositor about as long as the petiole, with dusky sheaths. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Tucson, Arizona, by H. G. Hubbard. This species is similar in general appearance to a small nigrellus (Ashm.) but can be at once distinguished by the more robust form and shorter antenne. Pezomachus maculatus sp. nov. Female. Length4 mm. _ Bicolored; ferruginous and black; head and abdomen, except petiole, black from above. Thorax mainly ferruginous, but with black blotches, especially on the pleuree. Legs piceous with lighter colored patches, “‘metathorax”’ abnormally gibbose, indefinitely carinate. Thorax and abdomen densely pubescent. Fig. 2. Pezomachus maculatus. Head from above coarsely shagreened; with small ocelli which are placed in a large equilateral triangle. The color is piceous black with flecks of dull ferruginous. Antenne long and slender, 20-jointed, apex 122 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, piceous, base ferruginous, first three flagellar joints with basal and apical yellow bands. Face ferruginous, shagreened, transverse. Malar lines indistinct at eye ends, more prominent towards the clypeus, about one-third as long as the face is wide between the lower angles of the eyes. Mandibles rather yellowish, palpi piceous-black. Mesothorax robust, rather short; with a well defined median sulcus, and a small obsolete scutellar tubercle. The surface is rather coarsely shagreened, and clothed with a moderately dense pubescence. The prevailing color is ferruginous, but there is a definite pre-scutellar piceous spot on the mesonotum, and the pleurze have two piceous patches on both sides. The ‘“metathorax’’ is very strongly gibbose; sub-conical, when viewed laterally; the carina is poorly defined. The surface is rather coarsely shagreened and clothed with a moderately dense pubescence. Anterior to the carina the ‘“‘metathorax”’ is ferrugi- nous, but on the posterior and lateral faces it is piceous. The legs are long, and piceous, for the greater part, but mottled with dusky yellow, which color is most prominent at the bases of the joints. Abdominal petiole ferruginous, rather closely shagreened, and pu- bescent. The spiracles are prominent. Remainder of abdomen ovate deep black, and densely pubescent. Ovipositor long, 1 mm. sheaths piceous. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Point Loma San Diego, California, by P. Leonard. Type in the collection of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University. This is a very remarkable species which is readily distin- guished by its abnormally convex “‘metathorax’’ and curiously mottled legs. Pezomachus coloradensis sp. nov. Female. Length4mm. Ovipositor .75mm. Very distinctly bicol- ored species as follows: Head black, entire thorax, legs, petiole and second and third abdominal segments light ferruginous; remainder of abdomen black. Face ferruginous below the insertion of the antenne, and slightly so above, along the eye-margins. Mandibles yellow at the base, apical half ferruginous, teeth black. Palpi yellow. Antennze dusky above, rather more yellowish below, rather long and slender with seventh flagellar and neighboring segments about 11% times as long as wide. Head from above shagreened, slightly pilose, transverse, over twice as broad as thick along the median line. Thoracic nodes sub-equal. Mesothorax with a poorly defined median furrow, most distinct just before the slightly raised scutellar area. The ‘‘metathoracic’’ carina which is broadly hastate in form is poorly defined except laterally. The legs, especially the hind ones, are rather more dusky than the thorax. The petiole is about three times as wide at the apex as it is at the base, but does not widen much after the rather prominent spiracles, it is 1912] The Pezomachint of North America 123 somewhat constricted immediately behind these; the entire surface is finely and evenly punctured. The remainder of the abdomen is oval, finely and evenly punctured with a short but rather dense pubescence. Segments 2 and 3 are sub-equal in length and sharply contrasted in color with the remaining black segments. The ovipositor and sheaths are piceous. Observations. Described from a single 2 specimen taken in Colorado. Type in the National Museum. Pezomachus longipes sp. nov. Female. Length4.5mm. Piceous black, densely pubescent, species. Legs very long and slender. Head from above about twice as wide as thick along the median line, piceous, surface shagreened, not shining, ocelli very small. Antennz piceous throughout, slender but rather short, 23-jointed, the 7th and neighboring flagellar joints not quite twice as long as thick. Face below antennz somewhat swollen, piceo-ferruginous, clothed with a rather long pubescence, especially on the clypeus. Clypeal suture obsolete. Malar lines distinct, about half as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Cheeks not swollen. Thorax piceous black, uniformly shagreened, about three times as long as wide, nodes sub-equal. Mesothorax densely pubescent, tegule small but prominent, no indication of a scutellum. ‘‘Metathorax”’ more sparsely pubescent and more shining than the mesothorax. The carina is sinuous and poorly defined medially. Legs long and slender, the hind femora reaching almost to the apex of the abdomen, piceous black and clothed with a dense short pubescence. Petiole piceous black with an indefinite and variable ferruginous apical band, densely pubescent, evenly widened from the base to the apex, spiracles not prominent. Remainder of abdomen ovate, black, sub-shining though closely punctate and clothed with a dense short pubescence. Ovipositor and sheaths black, somewhat longer than the petiole. Observations. Described from two specimens taken at stanford University, California, by William M. Mann, Feb., 1910, and Harold Morrison, Dec., 1910. This species resembles P. cockerelli Brues but is readily separated by the presence of the metathoracic carina. Type in the collection of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Pezomachus stanfordensis sp. nov. Female. Length 4mm. Shining black, antenne, legs, mesothorax and extreme apex of petiole usually lighter in color. Abdomen witha rather dense pubescence. ‘“‘Metathorax’”’ and usually mesothorax also, with an obsolete median furrow. 124 Annals Entomological Society of America [ Vial. V5 Head from above quadrate, temples somewhat narrower than the eyes, rather less than twice as broad as thick along the median line, surface dull black, finely shagreened. Ocelli small, lateral ones nearer to the median ocellus than to the eye margins. Antenne stout 19-jointed, the seventh and neighboring flagellar joints hardly longer than thick, color ferruginous to dusky with the apex piceous. Face below antennz short, with the distinct malar lines about a quarter as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes, mainly ferruginous but with a piceous spot on either side between the bases of the antennz and the malar line. Clypeal suture poorly defined. Mandibles ferruginous with piceous teeth. Thorax short and shining though finely shagreened and with a sparse pubescence. Mesothorax piceous, much shorter than the black ‘““metathorax’’, usually with a poorly defined median furrow. Scutellum not indicated. ‘‘Metathorax’’ with a complete though not very prominent carina, and with a more definite median furrow than on the mesothorax. Legs not very long, rather densely pubescent, color variable from light dusky to piceous black, in the latter case the joints between the coxa and trochanter, and the trochanter and femora, are distinctly lighter than the remainder of the leg. Petiole piceous black, not very elongate, evenly expanded to the apex which is sometimes indefinitely ferruginous. Spiracular tubercles absent. Remainder of abdomen ovate, shining black, sometimes with apices of all segments slightly tinged with clear ferruginous, rather densely pubescent on the second and third, but more sparsely on the remaining segments. Ovipositor and sheaths piceous, about as long as the petiole. Observations. Described from two specimens taken by William M. Mann, at Stanford, Cal., on Nov. 23, 1909, and fan +5, VOLO. This species resembles Pezomachus obesus, Ashm. but 1s larger and stouter and has a very much shorter mesothorax. Type in the collection of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Pezomachus spiraculus sp. nov. Female. Length 2.6 mm. A small robust species, piceous black, except for the antennz, pro- and mesothorax, legs and petiole, which are dusky ferruginous. Petiolar spiracles abnormally prominent, placed on stout tubercles. ‘‘ Metathorax”’ carinate. Head from above not transverse, piceous and rather coarsely shagreened. Antenne 18-jointed, fuscous basally, piceous at the apex, short and stout, with the seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about one and a half times as long as thick. Face swollen below the insertion of the antenne, malar lines black, not quite half as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes, the inner margins of which diverge slightly below the insertion of the antenne. Clypeus normal. Man- dibles lighter in color than the rest of the face, with black teeth. 1912} The Pezomachinit of North America 125 Thorax robust, binodose, with the nodes subequal and similar. | Mesothorax fuscous somewhat gibbose, with no scutellum indicated. Its surface is coarsely punctulate. ‘Meta- thorax’”’ piceous, strongly gibbose, with the carina indistinct medially, but well defined laterally; it is sharply declivous behind the carina and this portion bears two longitudinal carina on each side. Surface dull and coarsely shagreened before the carina, but shining behind. The legs are stout and dusky. The petiole is dusky and very stout. It is flattened dorsally and is somewhat aciculate, laterally are two very prominent tubercles which bear the spiracles. The remainder of the abdomen is ovate, piceous black and shiny, with a sparse pubescence. Ovipositor ferru- ginous with piceous sheaths; about the same | length as the petiole. Fig. 3. P. spiraculus. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Round Knob, N. Carolina. This species is easily recognized by its abnormally large petiolar tubercles. Typein the National Museum. =: Pezomachus dispar sp. nov. Three specimens, 2 7 and 1 9 of undescribed species of Pezomachus were bred from a spider’s egg capsule taken at Twining, Maryland. The @ differed considerably in color from the & @ but this appeared to be an insufficient reason for dis- associating the sexes. It is proposed however to make the & the type of the species, placing the 9 provisionally with it till further evidence determines whether this is a valid correlation or not. Male. Length 5.5 mm., fully winged; slender, head, thorax and abdomen piceous except for a divided ferruginous spot on the anterior portion of the mesothorax and yellowish apical bands on the first three abdominal segments. Legs dusky yellow. Head from above transverse, piceous though more ferruginous round the eye margins; ocelli large, antennz long and slender, 27—29-jointed; yellowish at base, mainly dusky. Face below antennz ferruginous, malar lines distinct short, about + to 3 as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Mandibular teeth transparent, palpi dusky. : Mesothorax well developed, surface shagreened, rather coarsely on disc, more finely laterally; clothed with a short pubescence. Parapsidal furrows well defined anteriorly, the space between them is of a fer- 126 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, ruginous color except for a narrow median piceous line; remainder of thorax piceous. Scutellum and wings well developed. ‘‘Metathorax”’ rather coarsely shagreened with a well defined semi-circular carina. Legs, including coxze dusky luteous. Abdominal petiole long and slender, but little expanded at the apex; spiracles prominent; piceous, with a definite yellow apical band. Remainder of abdomen slender, second segment with a broad apical yellow band, third segment with or without a definite apical band. Remaining segments entirely piceous and more shining. Surface sha- greened, with a rather long pubescence. Claspers small. Female. Length 4.5 mm. Yellow ferruginous except for narrow indefinite basal bands on the abdominal segments. Head from above somewhat transverse, ferruginous, but more yellowish round the eye margins. Antenne (broken) long and slender, the scape and first three flagellar segments are luteous. Face below antennz swollen medially. Malar lines distinct, about one-third as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes; mandibles yellowish with piceous teeth, palpi yellow. Thorax yellow ferruginous evenly shagreened, about 214 times as long as wide. Mesothorax with an obsolete median furrow and no indi- cation of a scutellum. ‘‘Metathorax’’ somewhat gibbose with a del- icate but complete carina, which is most definite laterally. Legs dusky luteous. Abdominal petiole with rather prominent spiracles, apex almost three times as wide as the base, surface finely shagreened, color fer- ruginous, more yellow at apex. Remainder of abdomen oval, segments piceous at the base merging through ferruginous to honey-yellow at the apex, clothed with a moderately sparse pubescence. Ovipositor elongate luteous, sheaths dusky at the apex. The @ is much like that of micarie How. but is lighter in color and has more prominent petiolar spiracles. Type of #, and 9 from which this description is drawn, in National Museum. Pezomachus pennsylvanicus sp. nov. Female. Length 2.5 mm. A small, slender, fuscous species, with a very short and broad petiole. Antenne rather long and slender. Ovipositor as long as the petiole. Head from above rather globose though the occiput is excavated. Surface coarsely rugose. Ocelli small.. Face rather broad, malar line distinct, about one-third as long as the face is wide. Antenne 21-jointed; seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about 11% times as long as wide. Color fuscous throughout. Clypeus not very well defined. All mouth parts colored as the rest of the head, but mandibular teeth rather more piceous. Thorax uniformly fuscous, nodes sub-equal. Mesothoracic tegule prominent. No indication of a scutellum. ‘‘Metathoracic” carina poorly defined, but the somewhat gibbous metathorax is abruptly declivous behind its situation. Legs uniformly rufous brown. 1912] The Pezomachint of North America 127 Petiole rather yellow at the apex, short, about 114 times as long as broad at the apex. Base broad, but not half the width at the spiracle, beyond which the petiole widens but little. The spiracles are not very prominent. Remainder of the abdomen elongate oval, uniformly brown with a sparse short pubescence. Ovipositor as long as, or slightly longer than, the petiole. The surface of the abdomen, including the petiole, is shining and only shallowly shagreened. Observations. Described from a single bred specimen col- lected by Kirby and Champlain at N. Cumberland, Pa.,11-27-’09 Pezomachus similis sp. nov. The female measures about 4 mm., stout, ferruginous except for apical half of the abdomen which is shining piceous. ‘‘ Metathoracic”’ carina indistinct, though apophyses are prominent. Abdominal pubescence sparse. The male measures about 5 mm. long and slender, fully winged in all specimens seen. The head thorax and legs ferruginous as in 9, but the petiole and at least the second and third abdominal segments are luteus, remaining segments piceous as in 2. Metathoracic carina dis- tinct, semi-circular. Abdominal pubescence rather dense. Female. Length 4—-4.5mm. Head from above ferruginous and finely shagreened; about twice as wide as thick along the median line. The margined occiput is not very deeply excavated. Ocelli small and rather far apart, the lateral ones are about as far from the median as from the eye margins. Antenne long and slender, entirely ferruginous, 25-jointed. Face rather transverse, malar line not very distinct, about one-third as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eye margins. Clypeus transverse, mandibles rather flavous at the base, with two shining rufous apical teeth. Palpi ferruginous. The thoracic nodes are sub-equal, the surfaces are shagreened and sparsely pubescent. Mesothorax with a distinct median groove. Scu- tellum indicated by a small rounded tubercle. ‘‘Metathorax’’ rather gibbose, the carina is poorly defined medially, but the apophyses are distinct and appear as two short horizontal lines. Legs long, dusky- ferruginous. Petiole and second abdominal segment ferruginous, the remaining segments are piceous. The entire surface is finely shagreened and shiny, with a sparse short pubescence. The petiole is about 31% times as broad at the apex as at the base. Spiracles sub-prominent. Ovipositor ferruginous. Sheaths piceous except at the base where they are yellowish. Male. Length 5mm. Head from above transverse, about 2% times as wide as thick along the median line. Ocelli very large. The occiput is not very deeply excavated. The antenne are slender and as long as the body, about 28-jointed. Face similar to that of the Q@ but the clypeus is deeper and therefore less transverse. Thorax entirely ferruginous. The mesothorax is well developed with distinct parapsidal grooves on its apical half, which slightly con- verge caudad. The surface is finely shagreened with a short, not very 128 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, sparse pubescence. The scutellum is large. ‘‘Metathorax”’ rather small and flat with a well defined roughly semicircular carina, and rather prominent straight lateral carinze. Wings well developed. Legs long and slender, ferruginous. Abdomen elongate and slender. Petiole and segments 2 and 3 and sometimes part of segment 4 luteus; remainder piceous. Surface sha- greened, with rather a dense pubescence. Petiole long and slender, but little dilated at the apex which is only about 11% times as wide as the base, spiracles rather prominent. Genital claspers small. Types in the National Museum. Described from 4 2 and 5 @& bred from egg capsules of Algalena nevia taken at Twining, Maryland, issued Feb. 14 and 15th. The females are much like those of P. flavocinctus Ashm. but have less pubescent abdomens and only 25 joints to the antenne. Pezomachus nodosus sp. nov. Female, length 5 mm. Color ferruginous with metathoracic disc, base of the third abdominal segment, the whole of the fourth and remaining segments piceous. ‘‘Metathoracic”’ carina complete, not prominent. Head from above about twice as wide as thick along the median line, surface finely shagreened, occiput rather deeply excavated. Ocelli small, lateral ones about equidistant from the median ocellus and the eye margins. Antenne long and slender, at least 21-jointed (broken) rather more dusky in color than the rest of the head. Seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about 21% times as long as wide. Face not transverse, cheeks rather swollen; malar line distinct, about one-third as long as the face is wide between lower angles of the eyes. Clypeal suture not very definite. Mandibles ferruginous with piceous teeth. Palpi long and ferruginous. Thorax rather coarsely shagreened, with a sparse pubescence. Mesothorax elongate, with a broad shallow median furrow and a vaguely defined scutellum. ‘‘Metathorax”’ gibbose, declivous both anteriorly and posteriorly, rather more piceous than the mesothorax on the disc. Carina complete but not very prominent. Legs long and rather fuscous. Petiole not very elongate, about three times as wide at the apex as at the base, spiracles sub-prominent. Remainder of abdomen ovate. Second segment rather yellow-ferruginous at apex, third piceous at base. The remaining segments and ovipositor sheaths are piceous. The entire surface of the abdomen is shining, obsoletely shagreened and with a sparse pubescence. Observations. Described from a single specimen taken at Lawrence, Kansas, by Hugo Kahl, on June 19th, 1896. It some- what resembles P. ottawaensis, Harrington in color and the form of the carina, but is much more binodose. Type in the National Museum. 1912] The Pezomachini of North America 129 Pezomachus flavocinctus Ash. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 421. o& The male of this species is polymorphic, the specimens seen however fall into two main categories, namely (1) winged (2) wingless, while a single specimen was found in which the mesothoracic wings were present, but much smaller than normal, while the metathoracic pair were entirely absent. There is very little uniformity in details in this species but in general appearance and color members of both categories are very similar. The most constant characters are: 1. The antennz, which are long and slender, and always about 29-jointed. 2. The general shape of the head, which is about twice as broad as thick along the median line, is finely shagreened and has a sparse pubescence. The ocelli however, are inconstant in size. 3. The ‘‘metathoracic’’ carina. This is not very prominent but is always some- what as shown in the figure, though it may be less angular. 4. The legs are all rather long and slender, with very small simple ungues. 5. The abdomen is densely pubescent in all forms and is mainly fuscous in color. The petiole and following two or three segments may have dull yellow apical bands. The most inconstant characters are: 1. Ocelli. These are usually large in winged forms and quite small in wingless forms, but this correlation is not entirely constant. 2. Mesothorax. The development of this varies immensely with the presence or absence of wings. The “‘scutellum”’ also is very large in winged forms, but tuberculate in wingless forms. 3. The petiole. The spiracles may be, and usually are, tuberculate, but in some specimens they are hardly if at all prominent. This is inno way correlated with the presence or absence of wings. 4. The size of the individual. Winged forms are typically the larger and vary in length from 4.5-5 mm. Some specimens however, are much more slender than others. The wingless forms vary from 3.5 to 5 mm. in length. They are all slender, but some are more so than others. Typical winged form. Length 4.5mm. Fully winged. Color mainly fuscous, but abdom- inal segments may have narrow yellow apical bands. Pubescence short and dense especially on the abdomen. ; Head from above finely shagreened, about twice as wide as thick along the median line. Occiput not very deeply excavated. Ocelli usually very large, placed on a somewhat raised triangle. The lateral ocelli nearer to the median than to the eye margins. Antenne long and slender, about 29-jointed; apex piceous, in some specimens this color extends almost to the base. Seventh and neighboring flagellar segments about 214 times as long as broad. Face rather lighter in color than the vertex. Malar line distinct about 4 to 3 as long as the face is wide as the lower end of the parallel inner eye margins. Clypeus transverse with a distinct basal fovea separating it from the remainder of the face. Mandibles bidentate, concolorous with, or a little more yellow than, the remainder of the head.’ Teeth somewhat darker. The face may have a longitudinal median swelling running from the insertion of the antennz to the base of the clypeus, at which point it is widest. 130 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,. Mesothorax well developed and rounded, with more or less well defined parapsidal grooves. Surface finely and evenly shagreened and clothed in'a rather dense short pubescence. Color rather variable, mainly dark fuscous. The space between the parapsidal grooves may be of a somewhat lighter color than the lateral portions and there may be a distinct still lighter median line. Scutellum very large and well defined. Wing veins testaceous. The brown stigma has a very con- spicuous white basal spot which extends on to the costa. ‘‘Metathorax”’ with a distinct complete hind carina. Surface rather more coarsely Apterous 3 3 with Vestigial Wings. Antenna. Types of Fetiole. Metat horacic Carma. Eig. 4. Pezomachus flavocinctus. 1912]. The Pezomachini of North America 131 shagreened than that of the mesothorax, especially behind the carina; pubescence more sparse, especially on the disc, but distinctly longer. Legs long and slender, rather lighter in color than the thorax. Fore and mid legs inclined to be testaceous. Petiole long and slender with rather prominent spiracles, behind which the sides are parallel. Remainder of abdomen slender, terminating with broad testaceous claspers. The color of the abdomen is variable, but is mainly fuscous; the petiole and following two or three segments may have dull yellow or whitish apical bands. The entire surface is closely punctulate and covered with a rather dense pubescence. Observations. Described from 22 specimens taken at Twin- ing, Maryland. Form with rudimentary wings. Head, ‘‘metathorax,”’ legs and abdomen as in winged form. Meso- thorax reduced in. size; with a much smaller scutellum. The poorly defined parapsidal grooves are widely separated anteriorly but meet at about the middle of the mesonotum continuing to the scutellum as a single median shallow groove. They thus resemble together the letter Y. Mesothoracic wings small, extending to about the middle of the second abdominal segment. They were much crumpled in the speci- men but the venation was apparently not very abnormal. The areolet was missing and there was an extra recurrent vein from the somewhat contorted stigma. The metathoracic wings were entirely missing. Observations. Described from a single specimen from Twin- ing, Maryland. This specimen was bred from an egg nest from which also emerged, one fully winged male, one apterous male and one female. Wingless form. Similar to winged forms except for the mesonotal structure. The ocelli also are always small. Mesonotum much narrower than the head, with a tuberculate scutellum. Parapsidal grooves, may be slightly separated anteriorly, usually only visible as a shallow posterior depres- sion. The surface of the mesonotum is pubescent as in the winged form. Observations. Described from about 30 specimens taken at Twining, Maryland, and from one taken at Cornell. On an average these are much smaller than the winged forms which would suggest that their apterous condition is in some way connected with an insufficiency of food. Both types of male were often bred from the same cocoon together with females which are much more constant in form than the males. Types in the National Museum. 132 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Paratypes (except brachypterous form) in the Bussey In- stitution, Harvard University. The breeding labels show that the majority of these hatched out during the latter part of February, March and the first half of April, extra notes were given on three labels as follows: 1. ‘‘From egg capsule of Prosthesima sp. Twining City, Md. iss. Dec. 28th, 1897. A. Busck coll.’’ The pin bore two wingless males. 2. ‘‘9 iss. Feb. 22, 1898, laid same date one egg unfertilized. From this the @ issued April 21, 1898. A. B.”’ The pin bore 1 9 and 1 fully winged &. 3. ‘'® issued Feb. 11, 1898. Oviposited unfertilized; male from the eggs issued April 20, 1898. A. B.”’ The pin bore one 2 and one fully winged <. This appears to be the only case of dimorphism in @ Pezo- machini as yet noticed in this country, but there can be no doubt that this is perfectly valid, and it is probable that similar conditions will be found to exist in others of the species already described in one form, or in both forms under different names. The condition of small mesothoracic wings being present, while the metathoracic wings are entirely suppressed as found in the intermediate form, is almost unique in the Hymenoptera. As far as I am aware the only analagous case is seen in ants. Professor Wheeler (Ants, their Structure, Development and Behavior, pp. 99 and 102) described and figures abnormal ant workers and solders, which he terms Pterergates in which meso- thoracic wing rudiments have developed. In the Braconide, Chalcidoidea and Proctotrypoidea where forms with rudimen- tary wings are occasionally met with, and the mesothoracic wings are often reduced far more than in the species under con- sideration, it is always found that metathoracic wings are also present. A Hemiteles sp. (hyperparasite ?) was in several instances bred out from the same egg capsules as this species. Pezomachus manni sp. nov. Male. Length 4mm. Wingless. Head, thorax and petiole ferrug- inous, remainder of abdomen black. Antenne and legs piceous. Head from above dusky ferruginous, finely rugose and with a very sparse pubescence. The small lateral ocelli are a little nearer to the median ocellus than to the eye margins. Antennz piceous reaching to about the apex of the second abdominal segment, about 27-jointed, seventh and neighboring flagellar joints twice as long as thick. Face below antenne ferruginous, malar lines distinct, short, hardly more than 14 as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Clypeus transverse, truncate. Palpi dusky. 1912] The Pezomachini of North America 133 Thorax elongate and cylindrical, ferruginous, mesothorax and por- tion of ‘‘metathorax”’ behind the carina dusky ferruginous; surface shagreened, with a.very sparse pubescence. Wing rudiments white, scutellum tuberculate. ‘‘Metathoracic”’ carina complete but poorly defined, feebly sinuous. Legs elongate and fuscous basally, all tarsi mid- and hind-femora and tibiz piceous. Petiole but little expanded, elongate, ferruginous, finely shagreened and sparsely pubescent. Spiracles sub prominent. Apex about twice as wide as the base, and one-third the length of the petiole. Remainder of abdomen elongate, black, rather coarsely shagreened and with a moderately dense pubescence. Claspers small. Observations. Described from a single & specimen taken by Mr. William M. Mann from the nest of Formica subpolita Mayr. at Pacific Grove, California, June, 1909. This species much resembles P. macer Cress. but has much shorter antennz and the abdominal coloring is quite distinctive. From P. ottawensis Harr. it is distinguished by the much more elongate petiole, and differently colored abdomen. Pezomachus nigrofuscus sp. nov. Male. Length 4.5 mm. wingless, slender; head black, thorax and petiole fuscous; remainder of abdomen black with the exception of an apical yellow band on the second segment, moderately dense pubescence. Head from above black, finely rugose and with a moderately dense pubescence; the small lateral ocelli are as far from the median ocellus as from the eye margins. Antenne about 22-jointed, scape fuscous; flagellum piceous above, but with numerous small silvery longitudinal lines on each segment, which have the appearance of white hairs. Ven- trally the fifth to the ninth flagellar segments are somewhat fuscous. Face below the antennz somewhat swollen and lighter in color, malar lines distinct, short, hardly more than one-fourth as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes. Clypeus and cheeks piceous; mandibles yellowish with piceous teeth. Thorax long and cylindrical; entirely fuscous, ‘“‘metathorax’’ some- what darker than the mesothorax, and more sparsely pubescent. Wing rudiments large and white; scutellum tuberculate; ‘‘metathorax”’ rather coarsely shagreened, carina incomplete on median area but well defined laterally, fore and mid-legs entirely fuscous, hind femora and tibize more piceous. Petiole but little expanded, spiracles not very prominent, surface shagreened, with a sparse pubescence, color fuscous with an indefinite yellowish apical band. Remainder of abdomen slender, piceous black, except for a yellow apical band on the second segment, surface rather coarsely shagreened and with a moderately dense pubescence. Claspers small. 134 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Observations. Described from a single & specimen taken at Philadelphia. Similar to P. urbanus, Brues, but smaller and distinguished by the dense abdominal pubescence. Type in the National Museum. Pezomachus auripes sp. nov. Male, length 3.5-4 mm., wingless. Shining black, with bright yellow legs. Head from above rectangular, not transverse; occiput but slightly excavated, ocelli small. Antenne about 21-jointed, piceous black, seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about twice as long as thick. Face shining black, closely and evenly shagreened, with a short whitish pubescence. Mandibles and palpi testaceous; malar line obsolete, about one-third as long as the face is wide. Thorax finely and evenly shagreened, with a moderately sparse short pubescence; scutellum well defined, flat dorsally; tegulz yellowish white. ‘‘Metathorax”’ with a well defined carina. Legs long and slen- der, bright yellow including the coxe. Tarsi rather more dusky. Abdominal petiole short, closely and finely shagreened, with an even sparse pubescence. Spiracular tubercles absent. Remainder of abdomen shining, finely shagreened, sparsely pubescent, elongate oval, terminating with two much enlarged piceous black claspers. Observations. Described from a single damaged specimen takenvat St. Pauls Island, Alaska, by 1. Kincaid (Harriman Expedition). This is a very pretty and distinctive species; it much resem- bles Ashmead’s description of P. obesus @ (Proc. Wash. Acad. ‘Sci. Vol. 4, p. 192) drawn up from a female specimen taken in the same locality, and it seems probable that it will be found to be the male of this species. Type in the National Museum. Pezomachus ottawaensis Harrington. Female. Can. Ent. Vol. 28, p. 77. Male, 5 mm. long, wingless. Head and thorax dull ferruginous, -abdomen piceous with ferruginous petiole and similarly colored apical band on the second segment. Head rather large, from above somewhat quadrate, finely shagreened with a short sparse pubescence, uniformly ferruginous, about twice as wide as thick along the median line. Antenne long and slender, about 25-jointed. Pedicel and first two or three flagellar joints ferruginous, remaining joints piceous black. Malar line indistinct, short, about one-third as long as the face is wide at the lower angles of the eyes, eye margins parallel. Clypeus well defined; mandibles rather more yellow- ish than remainder of head; teeth piceous. 1912]: The Pezomachini of North America 135 Thorax narrow, ferruginous, closely and evenly shagreened, sparse minute pubescence. Mesothorax rather strongly margined, with a broad shallow median furrow. Scutellum tuberculate. Tegule white. ““Metathoracic”’ carina angular, (i. e., not semi-circular or sinuous) well -defined at the sides, but less distinct medially. Legs rather more dusky- ferruginous than the thorax, especially dark on the hind tibiz. Abdominal petiole short and broad, typically ferruginous, but -dusky in some specimens, as a rule without prominent spiracles, these however, may be placed on small projections, surface shagreened and ‘sparsely pubescent. Remainder of abdomen narrow oval, piceous black except for a ferruginous apical band on the second segment; surface finely shagreened and with a sparse pubescence. Claspers piceous, rather small. Observations. Described from six specimens bred from spi- ders nests taken in Connecticut (Linn, New Haven and Ridge- field) and from three specimens bred from a single nest taken in Pennsylvania (N. Cumberland). Although these specimens were never actually bred out ‘from the same nests as @ ottawensis (Harrington) they were bred from nests taken from the same places as nests yielding ‘specimens of the named female, and owing to their striking similarity in color and petiolar form there can be no doubt that they represent the o& of this species. The specimens from which these were described have been -sent to the State Entomologist, New Haven, Connecticut. A winged specimen has been reported‘ as the male of this species but no complete description was drawn up. The only data given was in the specific tables where the following identi- fication characters were given, ‘‘Winged’”’. ‘‘Black with seg- ments two and three of abdomen yellowish’’. It would seem ‘that this correlation was incorrect since such a male must be very unlike the 9. The origin of this report cannot, unfor- ‘tunately, be traced. Pezomachus ashmeadii nom. nov. Cremnodes californicus Ashm. The female of this species, described by Ashmead as Crem- nodes californicus, Proc. Nat. Mus. Wash. Vol. XII, p. 420 (1889) ‘is entirely wingless, and has no scutellum. Since Forster in his ‘original description of the genus Cremnodes states ‘‘ Der Mitelleib mit Flugelrudimenten und abgesetztem Schildchen....’’ this species must be removed to the genus Pezomachus in which the specific name “‘californicus”’ is preoccupied. 4C. T. Brues, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXIX, pp. 120 and 121. 136 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Pezomachus bruesii nom. nov. Pezomachus obesus Brues. The specific name ‘‘obesus’’ proposed by Brues (Bull.. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 68) for a Massachusetts species was preoccupied by Ashmead (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sct. Vol..IV, p. 193) for an Alaska species. A number of specimens of this species, taken at Twining, Maryland, were seen to vary from the typical form in that the whole body was of a ferruginous color with the exception of the apical half of the abdomen which was piceous black. 46 ’ Pezomachus aciculatus nom. nov. Pezomachus foerstert Brues. The specific name ‘‘foersteri’’ proposed by Brues (Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 67) for a Texan species was preoccupied by Bridgeman (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 348) for a British species. Pezomachus ferruginosus nom. nov. Pezomachus insolens Brues. The specific name “‘insolens”’ proposed by Brues (Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc; Vol: ‘VIII, No. 2; p: 67) forsa) Washington species was preoccupied by Forster (Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. XVI, p. 130) for a Central European Species. Pezomachus cressonii nom. nov. Pezomachus gracilis Cress. The specific name ‘‘gracilis’’ proposed by Cresson (Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 63) for a Pennsylvania species was preoccupied by Forster (Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. XVI, p. 209) for a Central European Species. Pezomachus insularis nom.-nov. Theroscopus rufipes Ashm. The St. Paul Island, Alaska species described as Thero- scopus-rufipes by Ashmead (Wash. Acad. Sci. Vol. IV, p. 191 1902) is wingless in both sexes and has not a true scutellum in the 9. It must therefore be transferred to Pezomachus where the specific name “rufipes’’ is preoccupied by Bridgeman (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 157, 1883) for a British species. 1912] The Pezomachini of North America 137 Pezomachus americanus Ashm. Theroscopus americanus Ashm. This Virginian species described as Theroscopus americanus by Ashmead (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 211) also belongs to the genus Pezomachus. Pezomachus kukakensis Ashm. Theroscopus kukakensis Ashm. This species, described by Ashmead with the preceding, from Kakak Bay must also be transferred to Pezomachus. Micromeson nov. Sub-genus of Pezomachus. Head large, wider than the thorax, but not very transverse. Antennz of 2 not very slender, longer and more slender in the &. Thorax sub- cylindrical. Prothorax greatly enlarged and swollen, larger than the much reduced mesothorax, the mesonotum of which only covers the median area of the basal half of the anterior thoracic node. Scutellum defined as a small indistinct tubercle in the 9, but more definite in the co. “Metathorax”’ strongly gibbous with no carina. Females apterous. Male apterous in only known species. Petiole very long and unusually slender, somewhat longer than the “metathorax,”’ with or without prominent spiracles. Ovipositor shorter than the petiole. There are three species belonging to this group: Pezomachus texanus (Cress.) Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. Se annulatus (sp. nov.) lymensis (sp. nov.) “ec They fall into a class so distinct from the other named Pezo- machi that they certainly deserve a separate subgeneric if not a new generic name. The most conspicuous characters are: 1. The much reduced mesonotum, and correspondingly swollen prothorax. 2. The elongated, slender petiole, associated with the uncarinated ‘‘metathorax’”’ Micromeson annulatum sp. nov. Female 6-6.5 mm. A large conspicuous species with head and thorax entirely clear ferruginous. The abdomen is of a somewhat darker ferruginous color and has a very conspicuous black basal band on the third segment, and a less distinct one on the second segment. Remaining segments with very narrow inconspicuous apical bands. Head from above shagreened, dull, not quite twice as wide and thick along the median line. Anterior, ot facial, border rather concave and sunken between the eyes. The margined occiput is but slightly excavated. Antennz 23-25 jointed, concolorous with the head, though rather more 138 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, dusky apically; rather longer than head and thorax together, not slender, seventh and neighboring flagellar joints about twice as long as wide. Clypeus transverse with deep fovea on either side. Malar lines indis- tinct, cheeks rather swollen, closely and evenly punctured. Mandibles bifid with dark teeth. Palpi rufous and rather long. Thoracic nodes sub-equal, shining though finely punctured. The pro- and meso-thorax about the same length medially. Separated by a rather indistinct suture. Prothorax rather sharply constricted anteriorly to form a well defined neck. Mesothorax quite flat in front of scutellar suture. Secutellum indicated by an obsolete tubercle. ‘‘Metathorax”’ strongly gibbous, with no indication of a carina. Legs clear ferruginous, somewhat more dusky than the thorax. Abdominal petiole as long as the ‘‘metathorax”’, only slightly expanded at the apex, with rather promi- nent spiracles; concolorous with ground color of remain- ing segments. Closely and evenly shagreened. Remainder of abdomen oblong oval 2—2!% times as - wide as the thorax, ferruginous, closely and evenly shagreened, and with a very sparse minute pubescence; second segment with an indefinite piceous basal band, third segment with a very conspicous broad black basal band. Third and following segments with narrow black apical bands varying much in intensity. Ovipositor somewhat shorter than the petiole. Sheaths dusky at the base and black at the apex. Observations. Described from 8 specimens Fig. 5. taken at Twining, Maryland, in March and April, Micromeson This is evidently closely related to M. lymense annulatum. 5. nov. but is readily distinguished by the absence of median furrows on the meso- and “‘meta’’-thorax. Type in the National Museum. Paratype in the Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Micromeson lymense sp. nov. Female 6-6.5 mm. A large conspicuous species, with head and thorax entirely fuscous. Abdomen fuscous with a conspicuous black base band on the third segment, and a less well defined similar band on the second segment. Mesothorax and ‘“‘metathorax’”’ medially sulcate. Head from above shagreened, dull, with a very sparse pubescence; not quite as broad as thick along the median line. Anterior, or facial, border straight, level with the eyes, margined occiput but little exca- vated. Antenne about 24-jointed, concolorous with the head, rather longer than the head and thorax together. Seventh and neighboring flagellar segments about twice as long as broad. Clypeus transverse 1912} The Pezomachini of Nerth America 139 with a deep fovea on either side. Malar lines indistinct, cheeks rather swollen, closely and evenly punctured. Mandibles bifid with dark teeth. Palpi fuscous with apical joint piceous. Thoracic nodes sub-equal, rather coarsely punctulate; prothorax constricted anteriorly to form a neck, but not very markedly so. Meso- thorax rather shorter than the prothorax, from which it is separated by a well defined suture. Scutellum indicated by a small tubercle. ‘‘ Meta- thorax” strongly gibbous, with no indication of a carina but with a median shallow suture on anterior half. Legs rather more piceous than thorax. Abdominal petiole as long as the metathorax, only slightly expanded toward the apex, but with rather prominent spiracles, evenly shagreened and very sparsely pubescent. Remainder of abdomen oblong oval, 2-214 times as wide as the thorax, dark fuscous, closely and evenly punctured, and with a short very sparse pubescence. Second segment with an indefinite piceous basal band. Third segment with a conspicuous broad black basal band. Remaining segments unbanded. Ovipositor somewhat shorter than the petiole, sheaths light at the base, black at the apex. Observations. Described from a single specimen hatched from a Drassid Egg Cocoon on May 7, 1911. Collected by A. B. Champlain, Lyme, Ct., April 30, 1911. bad This is evidently closely related to M. annulatum sp. nov. from which it can be readily distinguished by its darker color and sulcate thoracic nodes. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS THAUMATOTYPUS, FORSTER. alaskensis Ashm. Q Cremnodes alaskensis Ashm. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ALASKA. Vol. 28, p. 211. canadensis Harrington Q Cremnodes canadensis, Harrington. Can. Ent. Vol. QUEEN CHARLOTTE Ip. 24, p. 213. spinulatus sp. nov. 2 CONNECTICUT. tuberculatus Ashm. Q Cremnodes tuberculatus Ashm. Trans. Am. Ent. CaALiIFoRrNIA, Soc. Vol. 23, p. 211. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PEZOLOCHUS, GRAV. bucculatrix Ashm. 2 Proc. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 421. WasHINGTON, D. C. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PEZOMACHUS, GRAV. aciculatus nom. nov. @Q PP. foersteri Brues. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. TeExas. VIII, No. 2, p. 69. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. ILLINOIS. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 421. ALASKA, Theroscopus americanus Ashm. Trans. Am. Ent. VIRGINIA. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 211. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 29, p. 119. TEXAS. Cremnodes californicus Ashm. Proc. U. S. Nat. Cat., Coro., UTan. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 420. alternatus Cress. alaskensis Ashm. americanus Ashm. angularis Brues ashmeadii nom. nov. ALASKA. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 29, p. 119. TEXAS. auripes sp. nov. berkmani Brues OQ, 41010 QQ, +1040 140 bruesii nom. nov. brevistylus sp. nov. californicus Ashm. canadensis Cress. cockerelli Brues coloradensis sp. nov. compactus Cress. crassulus Brues cressonus nom, nov. delumbis Brues dispar sp. nov. ferruginosus nom. nov. fenestralis Brues flavocinctus Ashm. foveatus Brues gentilis Cress. habilis Brues insolitus Howard insularis nom. nov. keenii Harrington kukakensis Ashm. longipes sp. nov. longistylus sp. nov. macer Cress. maculatus sp. nov. maculicollis Brues manni sp. nov. meabilis Cress. micariae Harrington minimus Walsh minutus sp. nov. niger Prov. nigrellus Ashm. nigrofuscus sp. nov. nodosus sp. nov. obscurus Cress. ottawaensis Harrington obesus Ashm. pennsylvanicus sp. nov. pettitii Cress, robustus sp. nov. similis sp. nov. spiraculus sp. nov. sulcatus Prov. stanfordensis sp. nov. tantillus Cress. thripites Tay. unicolor Cress. urbanus Brues utahensis sp. nov. wheeleri Brues annulatum sp. nov. lymense sp. nov. texanum Cress. 40 10 10 1010 10101040) 40 ose) 40 Qy oS Qy coe Qy io NO QA 40 40 16 19 00 N10 10 10 40 40 40 i210 101010 810109, 4 10404040 4910404040 +0 +0 ae Annals Entomological Society of America P. obesus Brues. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 71. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 421. Can, Ent. Vol. 4, p. 62. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 68. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 63. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 29, p. 119. P. gracilis Cress. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 61. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 75. P. insolens Brues. VIII, No. 2, p. 74. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 67. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, p. 421. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 67. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 61. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 67. Bull. Dept. Agric. Wash. Sec. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 33. Theroscopus rufipes Ashm. Wash. Acad. Sci. Vol. 4, p. 191. Can. Ent. Vol. 26, p. 214. : Theroscopus kukakensis Ashm. Wash. Acad. Sci. Vol. 4, p. 191. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 29, p. 119. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 2, p. 294. Ins. Injur. Ill. p. 43. Addit. Faun. Can. Hymen. p. 362. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Vol. 4, p. 192. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 62. Can. Ent. Vol. 28, p. 77. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Vol. 4, p. 192. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 61. Addit. Faun. Cab. Hymen. p. 77. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 62. Am. Agric. N. Y. (1860) p. 300. Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 67. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 29, p. 119. SUB GENUS MICROMESON. P. texanus Can. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 64. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Vol. Mass., Pa., Conn., Mp. PENNSYLVANIA. CALIFORNIA. ONTARIO. FLORISSANT. COLORADO. ILLINOIs. TEXAS. PENNSYLVANIA. WASHINGTON. MARYLAND. Wasu., CAL. NEw JERSEY. Texas, Conn., Mpb., ING MASSACHUSETTS. PENNSYLVANIA. MASSACHUSETTS. COLUMBIA. St. Paut IsLAnp, ALASKA. CANADA. Kuxkak Bay, ALASKA. CALIFORNIA. PENNSYLVANIA. CALIFORNIA. MASSACHUSETTS. CALIFORNIA. ILLINOIS. Bor. AMER. PENN. ILLINOIS. ALASKA. CANADA. Pris. ISLAND, ALASKA. PENNSYLVANIA. KANSAS. N. J., Mass. PENN., CONN. ALASKA. PENNSYLVANIA. Ontario, MAss. * ARIZONA. MARYLAND. NortTH CAROLINA. CANADA. CALIFORNIA. ILLINOIS. New YorRK. Mass., Det., Itt., Mp. New York, CONN. UtaH. ILLINOIS. MARYLAND. CONNECTICUT. TEXAS. [Vol. V, NEW NORTH AMERICAN CHILOPODS AND DIPLOPODS. By RatpH.V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. CLASS CHILOPODA. Family LITHOBIID. Genus Arenobius Chamberlin. Arenobius coloradanus sp. nov. Dorsum from testaceous to dark brown and dull chestnut with the posterior plates and the first one usually not all darkened. Head mostly the same color as dorsum or very nearly so, or somewhat more reddish. Antennz concolorous with head, pale distad. Venter from yellow or testaceous to dark brown, the caudal plates usually a little darker. Prosternum and prehensorial feet of same color as head or nearly so. Legs of same color as adjacent portion of venter. Head widest at level of marginal interruptions; clearly wider than long (11: 10); caudal margin straight. Depressed or furrowed parallel with frontal suture a little cephalad of the latter, from this furrow a median longitudinal furrow extending toward anterior margin. Two, usually clearly impressed, longitudinal furrows on caudal region of head, one a little each side of the middle and the two united in front of the posterior margin by a transverse furrow. Smooth and shining. Dorsal plates all very finely or obscurely roughened, appearing smooth and shining to the naked eye; usually no furrows distinctly developed excepting the usual depression or furrow immediately within the caudal and lateral margins and on some the short transverse mark on each side near margin at about one-third length of plate from caudal margin. Posterior angles of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates strongly produced; posterior angles of other minor plates rounded or obliquely excised. Ventral plates all punctate and finely roughened; impressed with three longitudinal furrows of which the median is most distinct, the latter on some of the more posterior plates ending caudad in a deeper pit or depression about one-third the length of plate from caudal edge; mostly with a rather wide transverse depression or furrow caudad of middle of plate. Sometimes an additional longitudinal furrow showing on each side between the median and the lateral, the caudal end often curving mesad to unite with its mate at middle; this furrow often more or less united with the lateral one. The last several plates sometimes with furrows very obscure or practically absent. Antenne short or very short, reaching the sixth or seventh segment; articles 30 to 35, the second very long with those more distad much shorter, cylindric, subuniform or, more usually, with longer articles occurring singly at intervals among the shorter ones, in general decreas- ing in size distad. Hairs of medium length. 141 142 Annals Entomological Society of America PVole Vv, Eyes composed mostly of from 9 to 12 ocelli arranged in three series; e. g., 1+ 3, 3, 2, 14+ 4, 3, 8, 1+ 4, 4, 3,. The single ocellus much largest, subvertically elliptic or oval. Prosternum about 1.6 times wider than long. Teeth 2+2, small acute. Median incision wide and moderately deep, its sides concave. Spine on each side well ectad of outer tooth, much more slender than teeth but stouter at base than neighboring hairs, bristle like distad. Coxal pores circular, well separated; in number arranged as follows: 3, 4, 4, 3; 3, 4,4, 4; 4, 5, 5, 5. Coxe of anal legs armed laterally and dorsally; other coxze seemingly O02 er ONON2e ie unarmed. Spines of first legs 5 0.0,1.2,1 % 0.0.1.3, 1° of the second 0;0,-2;2, 1 0, 0, 3, 2, 2 ORO; Size and third 5 0.2.3, 17 of the fourth 0,0,2,3,1° occasionally, 0,0,2,3, 1° of the ae 0,0, 3,2, 2, of the sixth to the eleventh ae of the OOF Sal? : 0305) 25:3; OedwsN2 Op 0, 0 Ne twelfth and thirteenth, 0,0,3,3, 2° of the penult, 0.1.3.3, the 2h female, or 7 * =: Si in the adult male, each having claw armed with two an IONS 2m accessory claws; of anal the dorsal spine of tibia and also 70) des Si Ue outer one of femur readily lost so that spining may appear thus, 1, 0, 3, 2(1) 0 OM Soya the female the anal legs are short and very slender, decreasing gradually in diameter from the femur distad, the tibia being intermediate in diameter between femur and first tarsal article as the latter is between tibia and second tarsal article; tibia rather weakly longitudinally fur- rowed along dorsal surface. Penult legs similar to anal except for smaller size. In the male the anal legs are also rather slender but the tibia is crassate, being fully as thick as the femur and being widest at distal end and abruptly thicker than the first tarsal joint, its dorsal surface shallowly depressed, a longitudinal dorsal furrow also present on femur and prefemur, that of the latter less distinct. Penult legs of male also slender, with joints dorsally longitudinally furrowed; the tibia obliquely excised at dorso-caudal corner of distal end and bearing at this place a small, flattened lobe or crest which is transverse to the axis of the joint, this lobe bearing a few short hairs but nothing like the brush in manegitus. Gonopods of male relatively wide, flattened, truncate distad; bear- ing mostly 4-6 bristles in a transverse row along distal edge of ven- tral side. Gonopods of female with claw entire, long and stout, acutely pointed, considerably curved, darkened distad. Basal spines 2 + 2, subequal or with the inner in some individuals considerably shorter, stout; in ventral view acutely conical in outline. Articles, especially the second and third, glabrous or nearly so on ventral and mesal sur- faces, but clothed with a moderate number of bristles on ectal and dorsal surfaces. , two accessory claws present as in the penult pair. In 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 143 Body rather slender being about 7.5 times as long as width of tenth plate; conspicuously attenuated cephalad from eighth plate, with the first plate much narrower than the third. Width of head, first, third, eight and tenth dorsal plates to each other as 40, 33, 37, 47 and 47, the eight and tenth plates being equal and manifestly considerably wider than the head. Length from 12 to15mm. A male 13 mm. has antenne 5 mm. long and anal legs exclusive of coxa, circa 4.8 or 5 mm. long, with the tenth plate about 1.7 mm. wide. Locality: Manitou, Colorado (author, Aug., 1910). Arenobius sontus sp. nov. Brown to deep mahogany. Head in some degree darker than dorsum. Antenne chestnut, paler distad. Prosternum brown to mahogany, paler than head. Venter testaceous to deep brown, the caudal plates darkest. Legs testaceous to brown, the posterior pairs darker with their tarsi usually paler. Head and first dorsal plate smooth and shining; other dorsal plates rugose, the more caudal ones more strongly roughened than the anterior ones. Antenne of moderate length, reaching the seventh segment. Com- posed of from 40 to 50 articles which beyond the first ones become short, often showing an alternation of a very short article with longer “ones in groups between. Eyes composed of mostly 9 to 12 ocelli arranged in three series; thus, 1-+3, 4, 2. Prosternal teeth 2+2, the two fused at base in a dental plate, the inner larger than the outer and both much stouter than the ectal spines which, nevertheless, is stout and tooth-like and not at all bristle- tipped. Coxal pores circular decreasing markedly in size proximad, the most distal being large; in number and arrangement, 5, 5, 5, 4; 5, 5, 5, 5,; 6:76, 6;.5,etc: None of the posterior coxee armed laterally. Spines of first legs, ; 3 ' z : or 4 a: ; ; of second eet of third to sixth, aa a of seventh and eighth, SEE of ninth and tenth, Nog 5: ; : = of eleventh, ee 3 ; ; 2 of twelfth, ea : : 5 s of penult, ee ra s~O anal, nea 5 - with two claws, the penult hav- ing three. As noted in the formule, the dorsal spine of the posterior coxe is frequently replaced by two situated close together. The anal legs of the male slender, the tarsal joints especially slender; tibia bear- ing near distal end of its mesal surface toward dorsal side a small, flattened, subtriangular lobe or crest the long axis of which is parallel to that of the joint and its higher end caudad, its mesal or long edge somewhat convexly curving. Penult legs slender bearing no special lobes Gonopods of male rather large and broad, conspicuously exposed; distally rounded, bearing about ten or twelve long bristles. 144 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Gonopods of female with claws very long and stout, moderately curved. First article excavated on mesal side toward base as usual, this side strongly chitinized as usual. Basal spines 2+2, large and stout, well separated, the outer larger than the inner on each side. Gradually and considerably attenuated cephalad, the first plate narrowest as usual. Length from 22 to 30 mm. A male 26 mm. long has antenne 11 mm. long and anal legs as 9.5 mm. long with its tenth plate as 3.1 mm. wide. Locality: Mexico (Guadalajara and Tuxpan). Genus Guambius gen. nov. Type—lLaithobius euthus Chamberlin. Other known species belonging to this genus are pinguis Bollman, curtior Chamberlin and mississippiensis sp. n. described below. Guambius mississippiensis sp. nov. Dorsum dilute chestnut, with the caudal plates and a median longi- tudinal line somewhat darker. Head and antenne dark chestnut, the latter paler distad. Venter testaceous, darker brown caudad. Pros- ternum and prehensorial feet nearly the same as head. Legs testaceous, the caudal pairs a little darker. Head slightly wider than long (36: 35 or 34.5); widest at marginal interruptions, between which and the eyes the diameter is nearly uniform, the sides caudad of this convex and strongly converging; the median portion of caudal margin straight. Rather strongly trans- versely furrowed or depressed immediately in front of caudal marginal thickening, the furrow extending entirely across head and continuous with caudal ends of a wide longitudinal furrow extending cephalad dorsal of level of eyes on each side. A short transverse sulcus a little cephalad of and parallel with median part of frontal suture, a median longitudinal suclus extending forward from this transverse one and showing or passing through a deeper pit-like impression at middle of length. Smooth and shining, or only very obscurely uneven. Dorsal plates finely roughened. Major plates, excepting the seventh, showing distinctly the short transverse submarginal sulcus on each side about beginning of caudal third of plate, the seventh plate showing a similar sulcus near each caudal corner and one near each anterior corner as well. Most of the major plates marked with two distinct longitudinal sulci which diverge more or less from near the caudal margin cephalad, these sulci in some distinct only cephalad of the submarginal transverse marks. Posterior angles of eleventh and thirteenth plates a little produced, those of others rounded or obliquely excised. Most ventral plates with a rather deep longitudinal furrow toward each side but mesad of a weaker submarginal furrow also present. The usual median longitudinal furrow with also the transverse depression cephalad of caudal margin also more or less evident. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 145 Antenne very short, reaching to or nearly to the sixth segment; articles 25, of which the second is longest, those immediately following not abruptly shorter but only very gradually decreasing in size distad. Eyes about 11 to 14 in number, arranged in four series; thus, 1+ 5, 4, 3, 1 and 1+ 4, 3, 2, 1. The single ocellus much the largest, sub- vertically elliptic or oval. Prosternum 1.5 times wider than long or slightly more. Teeth 2+2, subequal, acute, with line of apices manifestly recurved. Median inci- sion rather wide and deep with its sides concave. Ectal spines much more slender than the teeth, bristle-like distad, acute. Coxal pores: circular, of moderate size; in number, in type specimen, 3, 4. 4. 3. No spines of posterior coxee evident. Spines of first legs Tg ae ORO Zyl SNe ce OnON I 2 a2 0,0, 1,2, 1% third, 0,0, 1, 1 OT 9-97-37) OF fifth and sixth, fe 00) 1,.2..2) 0,0, 2, 2, 2. ; of seventh, 0,0,2,2, 9° eighth to tenth, 9-9 2,2, 2° OOM 3. 2’ 0,-0, 2, 2, 2 OnOr 22 seae 0, 0, 3, 2, 2. 0,0,2,2,2° 0.0,2,3, 9° of twelfth, 0.0.2.2, 2° of thirteenth 0, 0, 3, 1(2), 0G) 0, 1,.3,3, 1 claws in type broken off. The anal legs of male strongly Oe Oty Ay, of second eleventh, OMG 22. , ; 2 On oe , armed with two claws; of the anal of the penult, ONON S25, OPySsy oe? crassate, the prefemur particularly elevated dorsally; femur conspicu- ously excavated dorsally, the excavation extending from end to end as. a broad and rather deep furrow; the tibia much less swollen than the femur, complanate or shallowly furrowed longitudinally on dorsal surface; hairs short and straight, more numerous on dorsal surface of all joint but nowhere dense or forming bunches; articles not laterally furrowed. Penult legs crassate in about same degree as the anal but the tibia relatively larger; distal end of tibia obliquely excised at dorso- caudal corner and bearing there a triangular plate or keel-like lobe which lies longitudinally with the elevated end caudad; prefemur, femur and tibia longitudinally furrowed above, but the furrow of femur scarcely more developed than that of the other articles and this article not otherwise especially modified; none of articles bearing bunches of hair, the latter being everywhere sparse; tarsal joints abruptly more slender. Gonopods of male wide, truncate distad, flattened in an ecto- ventral dorso-mesal direction; bearing a few short bristles in a row along distal edge of ventral side. Body strongly narrowed from eight plate forward to the first which is clearly narrower than the third; the eighth and tenth plates of equal width and much wider than the head, the latter in type being even slightly narrower than the third plate. Body about 714 times longer than width of tenth plate. Length of type (a male) 12.5 mm.; of antenne 5 mm.; width of tenth plate 1.7mm. Width of head, first, third, eighth, and tenth plates to each other about as 18, 17, 19, 24 and 24. 146 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Locality: Byram, Mississippi (author, July, 1910). In ANNALS ENT. Soc. AMERICA, 1911, p. 48 the type of the species was referred tentatively to A. aedipes Bollman, but study of the type of the latter shows it to be clearly distinct. Genus Gosibius Chamberlin. Gosibius monicus sp. nov. Dorsum brown, with a darker median longitudinal stripe which shows a marked tendency to spread laterally at the caudal end of each plate and often reaches the lateral margins across the caudal border. Head ferruginous; the median longitudinal stripe of dorsum continuing forward upon the head as far as a little caudad of the frontal suture where it ends abruptly at a pale transverse band. Antenne ferruginous. Prosternum and prehensorial feet pale ferruginous. Venter yellow or testaceous, the caudal segments darker, more reddish or ferruginous. Legs yellow or testaceous like the venter, nearly uniform, or the caudal pairs slightly darker dorsally. Head subcordate, wider than long in about ratio 47: 45. Caudal margin mesally gently incurved; sides conspicuously converging from the lateral interruptions caudad about the rounded corners. A median longitudinal sulcus extending forward from frontal suture to a trans- verse depression between the antenna, narrow and not very deep. A short, deep, transverse sulcus a little in front of median portion of caudal margin, the same being more weakly indicated farther laterad on each side. Smooth and shining, not punctate or roughened. First dorsal plate smooth and shining like the head, or very ob- scurely roughened. Other dorsal plates more or less roughened, the more caudal ones most strongly so. Major plates with the short transverse sulcus adjacent to each lateral margin at about one-third its length from caudal end, the seventh having in addition a similar sulcus near the middle of length. A median longitudinal furrow on each side between middle and lateral margin which may be indistinct, especially on caudal portion of plate; this furrow at about beginning of middle third of length sending off a more clearly impressed branch directly mesad which may be united with the corresponding furrow from the other side; often a short sulcus running from near anterior margin obliquely ecto-caudad toward point of origin of this transverse furrow. Ventral plates apparently smooth and shining; the usual three longitudinal impressions indicated in varying degrees of distinctness. On several of the caudal plates the median furrow may end caudad in a deeper, pit-like and somewhat transverse, depression a little in front of caudal margin of plate. Antenne long. In types tips are broken off so that full number of articles can not be ascertained; but the number present indicates that the full number is somewhere above 29. Eyes in types from 15 to 17 in number, arranged in four series; thus, 1+4 (5), 4, 4, 2: 1+4, 4, 4 (3), 4. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 147 Prosternal teeth 2+2, stout, conical, much closer together than in paucidens and also larger, but the proportion of anterior margin occu- pied larger than in that species. Ectal spines long and distally drawn out into slender, bristle-like, acute tip; the tubercles contiguous with outer tooth and not well removed from it as in paucidens. Coxal pores circular, rather small; 4, 3, 3, 3, in the types. Last four pairs of coxe laterally armed. Spines of first legs, et of second, eet of the third and fourth, aoa RS of eo ee ainath, ee of the tenth, ah - 5: >. of the eleventh, aaa 3! of the twelfth and thirteenth, 10.5.2 = of the penult, : 7 : ; : armed with two (3?) claws; of the anal, ‘ ‘. ; mo armed with two claws. Anal legs in the female short and moderately slender, the dorsal surface of femur and tibia distinctly longitudinally furrowed, the same articles of penult legs similarly but less strongly furrowed. Gonopods of female with the claw long and acute, strongly curved and chitinized. Proximal article excavated at base on mesal side, leaving a conspicuous lobe at distal end which projects mesad and meets the corresponding lobe of other gonopod; the caudal and mesal sides of this articles strongly chitinized as usual. Basal spines 2+2, stout, the inner smaller than the outer. Median process of sternite first clavately - widening caudad, and then attenuated to a slender acute point. Length of types 14 to 15 mm. A specimen (female) 14 mm. long has anal legs 5.8 mm. long and the tenth dorsal plate 2 mm. wide, the body being thus seven times as long as the width of this plate. The body moderately narrowed cephalad and the first’plate slightly narrower than the third whereas it is wider in paucidens. The widths of head and first, third, eighth and tenth dorsal plates to each other about as 53, 47, 48, 57, and 57. Locality: Santa Monica, California (author, June, 1909). Genus Lithobius Leach. Lithobius devorans sp. nov. Dorsum from brown to chestnut and, in largest individuals in full color, almost mahogany. In lighter individuals the head is chestnut and clearly darker than the dorsal plates excepting the first in some in which it may approach the same color; in the more deeply colored individuals the head is deep chestnut or mahogany of scarcely deeper shade than that of dorsal plates. Antenne chestnut, usually paler at very tips only. Prosternum chestnut, the prehensorial feet more rufous. Venter fulvous to brown, the caudal plates always darker and either reddish or very deep brown. Legs colored like contiguous portion of venter, the caudal pairs being thus always darker. Head slightly wider than long (72: 70). Caudal margin straight or nearly so; posterior corners conspicuously and widely rounded, the 148 Annals Entomological Society of America [Volkov sides immediately in front of them but little excurved, diverging for- ward to the lateral interruptions which are distinct. The short curved. transverse submarginal sulcus opposite interruption of each side evident. The usual semi-circular impression on caudal portion clearly marked. There is also present a transverse sulcus immediately caudal of and subparallel with frontal suture, the sulcus being most distinct at the sides. Surface sparsely punctate and moderately uneven. Posterior dorsal plates conspicuously roughened; the anterior ones. less strongly so and the first uneven only in about same degree as head. The short transverse sulci most distinctly impressed on the more caudal plates, mostly weak on the anterior ones. Caudal plates with short hairs more numerous than on the anterior. Posterior angles of the seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates strongly produced ;. processes of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth long and acute, those of the seventh obtusely rounded, the inner or mesal edges being convex and long with its ectal or distal portion nearly transverse. Anal segment in the male densely clothed above with rather long hairs, most of which are curved or uncinate at tips, this being a very characteristic feature of the species. In the female the dorsal hairs of this segment are sparse and straight. The three longitudinal sulci of ventral plates distinct, being on most. broadly and deeply impressed to a little in front of caudal margin. Last plate more densely clothed with short hairs. Sternite of genital segment also densely clothed with hairs especially in the male. Antenne reaching the beginning of the eighth segment; attenuated,. very slender distally. Composed of mostly from 32 to 35 articles. which, distad of the first few, are rather short, considerably shorter ones occurring at intervals among longer ones as in related species. Eyes composed of from 28 to 42, but mostly from 30 to 36, ocelli which are arranged. o from 5 to § series; e. g., 1+3, 4, 6, 6,6; 57 1-63) 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3; 1+6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4; 1+6 5, 6, 5, 5. Single ocellus moder- ately large, oval. all aaa ocelli deeply pigmented excepting those: of first row which are commonly paler as in related species. Of seriate ocelli the caudal ones of first row are clearly the largest. Prosternum about 1.7 times wider than long. Distance between chitinous spots 1.8 times the width at level of bottom of mesal incision, and 2°5 to 2.7 times as great as length of dental line, the variation depending on number of teeth. Teeth 5+5 or 6+6, or occasionally 5+6; distally narrowly rounded. The prosternal spine situated immediately ectad of outer tooth as usual, slender and bristle like, and curved as in voracior. In larger specimens the coxal pores are very large and strongly transverse, while in the smaller axults the form may approach that of the pseudomaturus stage, being transversely elliptic and with those at ends of rows often subcircular. In number and arrangement from 6, 6, 6, 5 to 8, 8, 8, 7, other arrangement noted being 6, 7, 7, 6, to 7, 7, 7, 5, and. (8. on Ge 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 149 Last three pairs of coxe laterally armed. Spines of first legs, 0; 0).35:2;. 1 0, 0, 3, 2, 1 OURS Pee 702 01 3) 2 2 maoeegama O29, 9 gy ganna go, a, 2 0, 0, 3,2, 2 ere aa ney ee een Ae fhe: cinth to: the 0,053,392" 0, 0, 3, 2, 2. 6 0, 0, 3, 3, 2” of the twelfth, IE ey dis) 1h Same; of the penult, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2’ or 0, 1, 3, 3, 2 spine of the fourth joint in the latter case being mostly very small, claws two or three, in latter case the anterior accessory being very IFO St 0 iO MRIEY Sota The anal legs in the male are short. Fourth article considerably thickened, more so than in voracior; dorsal or dorso-mesal surface con- spicuously bowed ventrad or depressed over middle and posterior portion, or the depression often almost strictly mesal, longitudinally furrowed along depressed surface; also longitudinally furrowed along dorsal surface toward ectal edge of latter. Third and fourth articles rather deeply sulcate longitudinally on ventral surface. Tibia longi- tudinally furrowed dorsally. Tarsal joints not clearly sulcate mesally. Penult legs very similar to anal but the fourth article but slightly enlarged and not at all excavated meso- or caudo-dorsally, though the dorsal longitudinal furrow is conspicuous. The single article composing the gonopod of male well exposed; directed caudo-ectad; sides nearly parallel; distally subtruncate; bearing mostly about four bristles. In the gonopods of the female the claw is comparatively short; strongly bent; tripartite, the three lobes distinct, the median being considerably larger much as in vorax but not so greatly exceeding the lateral as in mordax, etc. Basal spines stout and moderately long; mostly uniformly attenuated from base to apex. Mesal side of first article straight, diverging cephalad from mesal side of fellow but little. Body appearing to vary considerably in relative width, the length being mostly as much as eight times longer than width of tenth plate, but in some falling a little below this (7.75) and in others as much as 8.4 times longer. Moderately attenuated cephalad from eighth plate, with the first plate a very little wider than the third and usually a little narrower than the head, occasionally as wide as latter; the average ratio of widths of head, first and tenth plates is 30: 29:35. In one male the widths of head and first, se eighth, tenth and twelfth dorsal plates stand to each other as 72, 72, 70, 78, 78, and 72. Length from 18 to26mm. A male 25 mm. long has antennz about 12.5 mm. long, anal legs 8.5-9 mm. long and the tenth dorsal plate 2.9 mm. wide. Locality: Jackson, Alabama (author, 1910). This species is very close to the next, L. voracior. Usually both sexes of fully grown specimens of these species are to be distinguished quite readily by the form of the coxal pores eleventh the anterior or ectal dorsal small; of anal the claw single. 150 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, these in voracior being circular or broadly elliptic whereas in devorans they are larger and mostly strongly transverse. In some cases, however, it is difficult to separate the females, although the males are always very readily distinguished by the character of the hair clothing the anal segment dorsally, this in devorans being long and dense with nearly all the hairs uncinate distally whereas they are all straight in the other species. Devorans averages larger. It is relatively more slender and the width of the head as compared with that of the tenth plate is as 60:70 on an average whereas the average corresponding ratio in voracior 1s 60:65.5 Lithobius voracior sp. nov. Dorsum brown, the first plate and the several most caudal ones commonly darker and more reddish of chestnut; plates often showing three longitudinal pale lines. Head conspicuously darker than the dorsum, cherry red or chestnut, or in others often very dark, nearly mahogany. Antenne chestnut, much lighter distad. Prosternum dark brown or dilute brownish chestnut, with the prehensors paler. Ventor yellowish brown, the posterior plates much darker, burnt brown. Legs yellowish brown, the posterior pairs darker, being often somewhat chestnut with distal articles a little paler. Head wider than long. Widest immediately back of eyes. Sides rather strongly convex and converging caudad of the well marked marginal breaks to the rounded posterior corners. Caudal margin nearly straight or but slightly incurved mesally. The usual subcircular impression on caudal portion. Surface subsparsely punctate, the puncte varying in size but mostly fine; obscurely uneven. First dorsal plate with surface similar to that of head. All finely punctate. Plates roughened more especially the caudal ones as usual, the elevations or irregular tubercles small. Posterior angles of seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates strongly produced, processes of the seventh much as in devorans. Anal segment in male dorsally densely clothed with rather long and strictly straight hairs, these not being at all distally curved or uncinate. In the female the dorsal hairs of this segment are but sparse. Ventral plates densely punctate and with numerous fine impressed lines which mostly run out from the puncte. The usual longitudinal furrows clearly developed. Hairs of posterior plates more numerous and longer. Antennz of moderate length, reaching mostly to the end of the seventh or beginning of eighth segment. Attenuated considerably but the distal portion not very fine. Articles beyond the first several rather short. Hairs moderately long. Articles in number from 32 to 36. Eyes composed mostly of from 30 to 35 ocelli, rarely as few as 23, arranged in from 5 to 7 longitudinal series; e. g., 1+, 5, 5, 5, 4; 1+3, 4, 5,'6,:°5, 4,:2* 1-55, 5, 6,6, 4,3; 1-23, 5, 6; 6,6, 4.35 -F 4G Oh ome 1912] - Chilopods and Diplopods ibe. Single ocellus large subvertically oval. Ocelli of most dorsal row larger and paler as in related species. Prosternum 1.6 times wider than long. Distance between chitinous spots 1.9 times wider than long of prosternum at levex of bottom of mesal incision; 2.3 or 2.4 times as great as length of dental line usually, this varying with number of teeth present. Prosternal teeth 6+6 to 8+8, other numbers noted being 6+7, 7+7, and 7+8; either uniform or varying irregularly in size; subacute, being but narrowly rounded at tips. Spine proximally clearly stouter than the hairs, but distally bristle-like, curved; situated immediately ectad of outer tooth. Coxal pores transversely elliptic or in part subcircular; of medium size; in largest specimens more strongly transverse as in the preceding species. In number from 6, 6, 6, 4 to 8. 8, 8, 6, other arrangements Eeouently moved beme 6,7, 7, o3-6,./,/ 6.06. 6). 6,°53.-74.-7, 7, 6, and TAssyrs walle Last three pairs of coxe laterally armed. Spines of first legs, 1 OhOn3 25 1 2 OSOPO ADCO: ; of second, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2? of third, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2’ of fourth to eighth, Oe ’ 2, 2 ’ ’ ’ ’ : OUreds 252. of ninth to eleventh, CE D, = os os oon ww bo CES OR0NS oo: 0,0,3,3, 9) Of twelfth, y2 1(0), 3, 2,2 S oN wo = oO WY qnomaesre, 2 spine sometimes borne by trochanter ener. WOK 8.22 2 eg while absent from the other; of thirteenth, -—~"—"—; of penult, VS Bae 8 ee 1, 0,3, 2,1 the anterior spines of fourth joint in latt OnisesNo” °° OF 17383, 2 p j er case being mostly very small, tarsi ending in three claws but the anterior : : : 1 accessory one mostly minute as in related species; of anal ae the Or te! Ches OL 5 or or — ww j=) —_ claw single. Anal legs in female short and rather slender; the third, fourth and fifth articles longitudinally sulcate dorsally, the fourth being most deeply so; the third and fourth articles sulcate ventrally. Penult legs similarly but less strongly sulcate. In the male the penult legs are as in the female; but the anal legs are more strongly modified. Fourth article with dorsal surface depressed or bowed ventrad over middle and proximal portion; relatively thicker than in female; articles longitudin- ally sulcate along mesal surface, especially so in the more distal ones Gonopods of male rather small; distally strongly rounded or broadly subconic; bearing 6 or 7 long bristles. Gonopods of female with claw long and rather strongly bent or curved near middle; tripartite, the median division long and acute, the lateral small and also usually acute, the inner or more dorsal one con- siderably more distal in position than the outer one which is near the middle of length of claw. Basal spines long and stout, subequal, attenuated uniformly from base distad. Basal article with inner side nearly straight. Body more robust than in devorans, the length being mostly less than seven times as great as width of tenth dorsal plate (6.8). Consider- ably attenuated cephalad from eighth plate, with the third plate narrower 152 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. WV, than the first and the latter clearly narrower than the head. Average ratio between widths of head and first and tenth dorsal plates 68: 65: 74.3. A male has widths of head and first, third, eighth, tenth and twelfth dorsal plates to each other as 68, 65, 63, 75, 75, and 68. Length from 17 to 24 mm. A female 19 mm. long has antennz 10.5-11 mm. long, anal legs 8.5-++ mm. long, and tenth dorsal plate 2.8 mm. wide. Males have similar relative measurements. Type Locality: Fernwood, Mississippi. Known Localities: Mississippi (Fernwood, Canton and Byram. Author, collector, 1910). Although it has seemed impossible on the basis of any previously stated characters to maintain as distinct several species allied to L. mordax and L. vorax, through the use of characters not previously detected the writer finds it now an easy matter to discriminate between them. Such of this group of species, the larger forms dominating in the Southeast, as have the posterior angles of seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced thus far known from the U.S., are, in addition to devorans and voracior, above described, the following: mordax K., transmarium K, vorax Meinert, tyran- nus Bollman, suprenans Chamberlin, and /atzeli Meinert. The writer’s previously expressed opinion that clarus McNeill was based upon immature specimens has been confirmed by an examination of the types of this species, these proving to be vorax in the pseudomaturus stage; mordax and transmarinus, merged by Bollman in spinipes Say, are clearly distinct; and study of types shows tyrannus and latzeli to differ from vorax which previously had been thought identical, the published diagnoses revealing no truly distinctive characters. Genus Sozibius gen. nov. Type—Lithobius tuobukus Chamberlin. The following species is placed here only tentatively. Sozibius pungonius sp. nov. Dorsum very light brown. Head cephalad of frontal suture and the caudal segments darker, somewhat orange colored. Antennz yellow. Venter and legs very pale, the posterior pairs bright yellow. Prosternum and ultimate ventral plates dark yellow. Antenne short composed of twenty-one articles of which the first six are long, the others shorter. Ocelli about eleven, small arranged in three curved and rather irregular series; thus, 1++5, 3, 2. Prosternal teeth 2+3. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 153 Coxal pores very small, 2, 3, 3, 2. Ultimate pair of coxz armed laterally, the ultimate and_penult pairs armed dorsally. Spines of first legs 2, 3, 2; of the penult 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw single; of the ultimate 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw single. Anal legs of male long and slender the fourth, fifth and sixth joints longitudinally furrowed on ectal surface, laterally compressed. Length. Locality: Marshall, Colorado (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell). One male specimen. Genus Poabius gen nov. Type.—Poabius verdescens Chamberlin. Other known species belonging to this genus are bilabiatus Wood, pitophilus Chamberlin, sokovus Chamberlin, clavigerens Chamberlin, utahensis Chamberlin, yukus sp. n., and the two new species described below. Poabius nankus sp. nov. Light. orange brown, caudal borders of major scuta darker; head somewhat darker caudad of frontal suture. Antenne and legs yellow. Venter yellow, the prosternum and caudal segments a little darker. Body markedly attenuated from tenth dorsal plate cephalad. Most dorsal plates with a strong median furrow which may be doubled and, on each side, one or two approximate lateral ones diverging from it caudad; within each lateral margin a furrow or sulcus running from near anterior edge at first near to and subparallel with the lateral margin and then bending away from it caudo-mesad to end at the transverse furrow which traverses most plates a little cephalad of caudal margin. Head subcordiform; caudal margin nearly straight; distinctly margined caudally and along cauda-lateral angles; a short transverse sulcus a little cephalad of caudal margin and between this and the frontal suture a median and several lateral pairs of longitudinal impressed lines or sulci. Antenne moderately short, composed of twenty more or less uniform articles. Ocelli pale, small, fifteen or sixteen in number arranged in four straight and regular series; thus, 1++5, 4, 4, 1 (2). Prosternal teeth dark, low, 2+2. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores circular, the edges weakly chitinized; 2, 3, 3, 2. Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed; the last three pairs dorsally armed. Spines of the first legs 1, 3, 2; of the penult, 1, 3, 3, 2, armed with three claws; of the anal 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw single. Gonopods of female with the claw tripartite; basal spines 2+2. In the male the anal legs have the prefemur elevated into a rim-like structure on dorsal or dorso-mesal side at distal end, and the femur bears at the proximal end on same side an ear-shaped process which is 154 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, excavated above, the depression being continuous with a longitudinal median- furrow on dorsal surface. See Pl. XII, fig. 4. Length 13-14 mm.; width at tenth plate 1.9—-2.2 mm. Locality: Las Valles, New Mexico (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell) The types consist of a male and a female. Poabius iginus sp. nov. Light brown, scuta mostly with the caudal borders darker, reddish brown; posterior segments darker. Head chestnut, darkest behind frontal suture, a dusky or blackish median longitudinal stripe for a short distance in front of caudal margin. Legs yellowish, caudal pair from base to fourth joint inclusive reddish brown or chestnut, distally like the others. Venter brown, the ultimate plates reddish brown. Pro- sternum light reddish brown. Antennz mostly dark brown, becoming pale distad. Scuta roughened, mostly showing a median and two lateral longi- tudinal sulci or in some the median replaced by two diverging sulci. Antenne moderate, articles 20. Ocelli distinct, ten in number, arranged in three series; thus, 1-4 By 2: Prosternal teeth 242. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores small, well separated, round, 2, 3, 3 (4), 2. Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed. Tarsi of anterior pairs of legs rather indistinctly biarticulate. Spines of first legs 2, 3, 2; of penult 1, 3, 3, 2, armed with three claws; of the anal 1, 3, 2, 0, the claw single. Gonopods of female with the claw tripartite; basal spines 2+2, proximally clavate, distally conical. Anal legs of male with the fourth joint enlarged and bearing meso- dorsally and proximad of middle a conspicuous, flattened, keel-like lobe and at its distal end a small wart-like elevation. See Pl. XIII, fig. 2. Length 11.5 mm.; width 1.7 mm. Length of antenne 4 mm.; of anal legs 4.2 mm. Locality: Madison, Wash. (Dr. E. Bergroth). Closely allied to P. bilabiatus and P. verdescens; but mani- festly smaller and differing in the lobes of anal legs and in the smaller number of spines born dorsally at distal end of third joint, etes see Pl. XE hes, wand? 2, Family CRYPTOPID. Genus Kethops, gen. nov. Pairs of legs 23. Seventh segment not bearing spiracles. First dorsal plate with transverse semi-circular sulcus. Other dorsal plates excepting the ultimate with two sharply 1m- pressed longitudinal and subparallel sulci. Ot 1912} Chilopods and Diplopods i: Last dorsal plate margined laterally, caudal margin convexly protruding. Sternal plates elongate, narrowed caudad the caudo lateral corners obliquely excised. (See Pl. XIII, fig. 5). Each with a distinct longi- tudinal median sulcus and submarginal sulci. Pseudopleura produced caudad into an acutely pointed process; porose ventrally; armed ventrally and laterally with spines. Legs sparsely armed with spinescent bristles which appear spine- like especially on proximal joints. A stout spine at distal end of tibia dorsal in position and a second one ventral. Tarsi, excepting the ultimate, one-jointed, a stout ventral spine distad of middle. Prefemur of anal legs armed with rows of spines on mesal and ectal surface and on most of the ventral. Femur similarly armed mesally and ventrally. The tibia with similar spines ventrally. Tarsus com- posed.of but two joints and ending in a distinct and very stout claw. Type: Kethops utahensis Chamberlin. The type species was originally described from Utah under the genus Newportia, the absence of anal legs from the type specimen leading to the reference to this genus. While close to Newportia, it has various Cryptops-like characters and is readily separated by the character of the anal legs, etc. A short time ago among some old material from New Mexico sent me by Prof. Cockerell, a perfect specimen of the form was found, making possible the diagnosis given above. A descrip- tion of this specimen follows: Kethops utahensis Chamberlin. Ferruginous, uniform; antennze and legs, excepting the ultimate pair, paler, yellowish; anal legs colored like the body, but pale distad. Head coarsely punctate, two diverging longitudinal sulci on the caudal portion which begin at a transverse sulcus in front of and parallel the caudal margin. Antennz composed of seventeen articles. First dorsal plate with semi-circular impression deep, somewhat angularly bent caudad at middle, mesal portion in a broad depression or pit on the caudal slope of which there is a distinct W-shaped mark like that found in many species of Newportia, the two usual longitudinal sulci over caudal portion of plate. Sulci of second plate strongly diverging caudad, those of the suc- ceeding plates nearly parallel. Last dorsal plate without distinct sulci; caudal margin convexly ‘ bowed out; lateral margins armed with two rows of spinules. (See PI. RT, fis. 3). Anterior margin of prosternum straight or nearly so, but slightly indented mesally. Prosternum punctate, two sulci, which, approximate below, diverge distad toward the free margin. 156 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Ventral plates irregularly punctate, more densely so on caudal portion. Median sulcus beginning a little caudad of anterior margin and extending over anterior two-thirds or somewhat more of length of plate; a submarginal sulcus on each side which is deepest mesally; usually two or more weaker and more indefinite transverse sulci as shown in the figure. (See Pl. XIII, fig. 5). Last ventral plate narrowed caudad; rounded caudally; bearing spinules over entire surface. Last pleuree furrowed laterally; with numerous small pores on ventral surface, both the free portion and that covered by ventral plate. Caudal process bearing acute spine distad. Pleurze with many spines laterally and ventrally. (See Pl. XIII, fig. 4). Prefemur of anal legs longitudinally furrowed both ventrally and dorsally; armed with numerous spines arranged in obliquely longitu- edinal rows which cover entire surface excepting dorsal portion and the furrow on the ventral. Femur also longitudinal furrowed dorsally and ventrally, the mesal side of ventral furrow formed by a keel-like eleva- tion which does not quite reach distal end. Spines on edge of keel and elsewhere on ventral surface as shown in figure. Tibia with a mesally bent longitudinal keel, the bent mesal portion lower than end parts, this keel limiting a broad groove mesally, into which groove the tarsi of the specimen are bent or flexed like the blade of a knife. First joint of tarsus with at least one ventral spine; claw long and stout. Length about 20 mm. Locality: Glorieta, New Mexico (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell). The original type was collected by the author at the Warm Springs north of Salt Lake City in 1908. Family SCOLOPENDRID. Genus Scolopendra Linn. Scolopendra mohavea sp. nov. Very pale olive brown; the caudal half of body darker brown, dusky, or in one specimen largely solid black, with a pale longitudinal median line, Head paler cephalad of frontal suture. Head with a transverse sulcus a little ways in front of the caudal margin, and between this stilcus and the caudal margin two straight, short, longitudinal sulci which are parallel. Cephalad of trnsverse caudal sulcus a pair of furrows which converge forward and end caudad of frontal suture, each furrow doubly curved, at caudal portion with concavity ectad, anteriorly convex ectad, the very anterior end bent abruptly mesad; ectad of each one of these furrows a second less sharply impressed furrow which also converges toward the mesal line cephalad; between the two sulci on each side a ‘short sulk runs obliquely cephalo- ectad. Smooth. Antenne long; composed of twenty-six Ae ae of which the first six or seven are comparitively smooth, the scattered hairs upon them increasing on number from the first article distad. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods N74 First dorsal plate with sharply impressed cervical furrow. On each side a furrow which caudad is parallel with caudal margin, from there curving obliquely cephalo-ecta. A median longitudinal sulcus cephalad of cervical groove. Smooth. Second dorsal plate with median longitudinal sulcus on anterior half. The two usual paired sulci crossing the entire plate and diverging caudad. On each caudo-lateral portion of plate a furrow curving obliquely cephalo-ectad as on first plate, similarly taking its origin near caudal margin. Third and fourth dorsal scuta with median furrow. The paired longitudinal sulci less strongly diverging caudad than on preceding plate. Furrow on each caudo-lateral portion as in the preceding scuta. On the fifth and subsequent dorsal plates the paired sulci become nearly parallel, but diverging some at the ends. Median furrow evident, but not so the caudo-lateral ones. On each side a longitudinal furrow subparallel with the lateral margin, this furrow often broken. On a few of the more caudal segments a transverse sulcus on each side parallel with and close to the anterior margin. The twentieth plate laterally margined for its entire length; the nineteenth all but a short distance cauded; the eighteenth not margined for a somewhat greater distance caudad and a short distance cephalad; the margination of the seventeenth and sixteenth plates similar to eighteenth but extending less caudad and cephalad reaching the transverse sulcus; other plates not margined. Lost dorsal plate with caudal margin mesally strongly and evenly convexly extended. A sharply impressed longitudinal median sulcus which does not quite reach the caudal margin. A short furrow parallel to the median one opposite its middle portion on each side. Prosternum smooth; a median sulcus evident only for a short dis- tance distad; transverse sulcus obscure; two weak longitudinal furrows, which, close to the mesal line caudad, diverge and are more distinct cephalad. Each dental plate with four teeth, of which the three inner ones are basally fused, the two most mesal being free only at their distal points; a deep narrow incision between the plates; the transverse furrow at base of each plate distinct, the two meeting mesally at an obtuse angle. Basal tooth of prehensorial feet long, subacute, presenting but one point. Penult article of palpus of second maxilla with a slender spine at distal end. Ventral plates from the second to the twentieth inclusive with two sharply impressed longitudinal sulci which cross the entire plate. Last ventral plate narrowed caudad, the sides weakly excurved- caudo-lateral corners rounded; caudal margin a little incurved mesally. Smooth. Depressed along the median line. A weak furrow sub- parallel with and not far from each lateral margin. Prefemora and femora of legs of the first to penult pair inclusive without any dorsal spines at distal end; all with a tarsal spine, those of the first pair with two. 158 - Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Pseudopleura ending in a stout process which terminates in two points or spines and bears proximad on its ectal surface a row of three stout teeth or spines. Prefemur of anal legs ventrally with seventeen spines arranged in three longitudinal rows, of which the innermost is proximally irregular; these from ectal row mesad arranged thus, 4, 6, 7. Mesal surface with ten spines. Distal process with five spines. Femur unspined. Claw of tarsus with two basal spines. Length 40-45 mm. Locality: Fort Mohave, Arizona (March 7 and 18, 1911). Three specimens received from Prof. Junius Henderson of the University of Colorado Museum. Family SONIPHILID. Genus Soniphilus Chamberlin. Soniphilus geronimo sp. nov. Yellowish brown anteriorly, becoming clearer yellow caudad. Head darker caudad of frontal suture. Antenne light brown, paler distad. Legs yellow, those of anterior segments darker. Prosternum and prehensorial feet light reddish. Antenne of moderate length; articles moderate, not much differing in length, the ultimate about equal in length to the two preceding taken together. Cephalic plate longer than wide in about ratio 7:6; narrowed cephalad; lateral and anterior margins convex, the latter a little emar- ginate mesally; middle portion of caudal margin sub-straight, rounded laterally. A short impressed median line back frontal region; on each side a little mesad from and parallel with margin a longitudinal furrow; on lateral portion of plate on each side a pair of sulci diverging cephalad and a second less distinct pair more mesal in position. Frontal plate not discrete. (See Pl. XII, fig. 4.) Labrum with median piece comparatively large, bearing about six stout teeth. Prebasal plate not exposed. Basal plate short, its greatest width more than 4.5 times the median length, a greater length exposed on each side. (See Pl. XII, fig. 4). Claws of prehensorial feet when closed not reaching anterior margin of head by a considerable distance. None of the joints bearing teeth or nodules. (See Pl. XII, fig. 2). Dorsal scuta with lateral sulci distinct; a second pair of sulci close to median line and on most also an intermediate sulcus on each side. Anterior prescuta very short, increasing in length to about begin- ning of caudal third, then again more rapidly decreasing and becoming again short. _ Anterior spiracle moderately large, circular or subcircular, being slightly vertically elongate; succeeding spiracles all circular, very gradually decreasing in size to the caudal ones which are very small. First pair of legs much shorter and more slender than the second. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 159 Ultimate legs long, the penult and antepenult joints furrowed longitudinally on ventral surface. -Claw long and stout. Sterna with a distinct median longitudinal sulcus or furrow which is crossed at middle by a transverse furrow. Pores not detected. Last ventral plate very wide, strongly narrowed caudad. Caudal margin straight or a little incurved. (See Pl. XII, fig. 3). Anal pleure bearing a number of small pores which are all wholly covered by the last ventral plate. Anal pores not detected. Pairs of legs 73. Length 34 mm.; width 1 mm. Locality: San Geronimo, New Mexico, (Mrs. W. P. Cockerell and Miss Mary Cooper, coll.). CLASS DIPLOPODA. Family NANNOLENID. Genus Buwatia gen. nov. Ocelli none. Antenne clavate, the fifth and sixth articles thickest; third and fifth longest, nearly equal in length, the second and fourth next. Body decidedly narrowed caudad of head to sixth segment. Body iulus-like in form. Segments without carina, nearly smooth, not clothed with hair. All segments striate beneath; a deep sulcus across segment at level of pore. Claws of legs long and slender. Type: Buwatia monterea sp. nov. As but one specimen of the type species has been secured, dissection for fuller structural details has not as yet been attempted. The genus may be distinguished from Nannolene through the absence of ocelli. Buwatia monterea sp. nov. Dorsum brown; head and anterior part of first segment whitish brown; first and ultimate segments light brown; a series of small, largely obscure dark spots along each side, one at each pore. Legs and antennz pale. Body slender, nearly uniform in width for most of length but de- cidedly constricted from head and first segment to region of sixth segment. Head nearly smooth, weakly and very finely punctate; glabrous except for a few bristles on clypeal and labral region. A weak median longitudinal sulcus across vertex. A furrow or excavation from base of each antenna caudad to lower margin of first dorsal plate, the an- tenna bent back and lying in this furrow. Antenne rather short, strongly clavate; the seventh article short, its four sensory cones almost concealed in the terminal pit; clothing of hair becoming more and more dense distad, sparse proximad. 160 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vole First dorsal plate large, closely embracing caudal portion of head. Anterior and posterior lateral angles rounded, the lateral margin be- tween them extending obliquely caud-oventrad, rather, long, somewhat incurved. Anterior margin incurved at middle curving out convexly on each side and then again at sides incurved bow-shaped. A fine transverse sulcus subparallel to the anterior margin and some distance from it and a second one submedian in position. Subsequent segments with a longitudinal furrow at level of pore, this more distinct on cephalic portion of segment. A transverse sulcus in front of median suture. Prozonites striate throughout, the main segment strongly striate beneath and on sides below level of pores. Dorsum a little depressed; a weak longitudinal depression each side of middle, leaving mesal portion a little elevated. Anal scutum considerably exceeded by the anal valves; caudal division short, widely and evenly rounded, set off or limited from major portion in front by a transverse sulcus. Caudal margin with two pairs of long sete. Anal valves elongate, their free margins elevated. Each valve bears near its mesal margin a long seta at caudal and second one near middle of length in a furrow or sulcus which curves from mesal margin first laterad and then latero-cephalad. Anal scale very short; caudally weakly convex, anteriorly strongly so; antero-lateral angles rounded, but not so the caudo-lateral ones. Legs moderately long and slender; claws long, not robust. Segments of body forty-five. Length 11-12 mm.; width as .5-.5 mm. Locality: Pacific Grove, Cal. (April, 1911, author.) One specimen secured under a stone in an open field near the Hopkins Laboratory. Family CAMBALID&. Genus Titsona gen. nov. Eyes well developed, each consisting of a number of ocelli arranged in a single series parallel with anterior margin of the first dorsal plate. Antenne short, very slender proximad but strongly enlarged distad, clavate; the fifth and sixth articles conspicuously and abruptly thicker than others. The third, fifth and sixth articles longest, not much differing in length from each other; second and fourth articles subequal. Gnathochilarium nearly as in Paiteya. Promentum triangular, completely separating the laminz linguales which are attenuated prox- imad to an acute angle. Mentum large, widening proximad. Body strongly constricted from head and first segment to region of fifth and sixth segments, from where it again increases in width caudad. First dorsal plate very large, extending over caudal portion of head from which the lateral portions extend free. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 161 All segments striate beneath. Each segment from the fifth to the antepenult inclusive with four carinz, a dorsal carina each side of median line and one farther laterad on each side, the latter bearing the pore. Legs sparsely armed with spinescent bristles. First pair in male reduced, composed of six articles normally armed. Type: Titsona sima sp. nov. Evidently close to Paiteya, the type of which is likewise a Californian species. Titsona sima sp. nov. General color caudad of fifth segment dark brown, the caudal portion of each segment light brown. First dorsal plate light brown, a dark stripe parallel with but a little removed from the caudal and the cephalic border, the two stripes confluent at the sides of plate. Second to fourth segments light brown, each with a narrow transverse stripe of dark brown and especially laterally with a network of lines of same color, the proportion of dark larger the more caudal the segment. Head light brown, darker adjacent to first dorsal plate; on clypeus a square with upper side missing outlined in dark brown and immediately above this a subelliptical outline in same color with dorsal and ventral ends acutely angular. A pair of somewhat confluent brown spots in line from the brown about each eye ventro-mesad toward lower part of elliptical outline of front. Legs very pale. Ocelli in a single row, 5-7 in number, black, uniform; the series parallel with margin of first dorsal plate which partly covers it on caudal side. Antenne short, strongly clavate; the fifth and sixth joints much. stouter than the others, the fifth strongly enlarged from its base distad, the sixth more uniform and broadest proximad. Hairs more dense distad as usual. (See Pl. X, fig. 5). Stipites of gnathochilarium inclusive of processes nearly four times. as long as greatest width. Mentum abruptly narrowed at distal end, wider at base than the median length approximately in ratio of seven to six. A semi-circular impression on proximal portion deeply impressed, the concavity directed distad. Promentum narrowly triangular. Lamine linguales narrowed to an acute angle proximally, about three times as long as greatest width. First dorsal plate very large, embracing caudal portion of head. mesally, its lateral wings separated from sides of head by a space into which the antennze may be bent back. Anterior margin widely weakly concave, laterally running obliquely caudo-ventrad. Caudal margin nearly evenly convexly rounded mesally, lateral portion of plate bent ventrad and somewhat caudad and then mesad beneath. Caudal portion of plate more constricted than the anterior. On each side above lateral angle are several striae extending from caudal margin cephalad. Next three segments striate beneath. Fifth and subsequent seg- ments with prozonites striate throughout, the main division of segment striate beneath and dorsad only about half way to pore-bearing swelling 162 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, or carina. Each segment from the fourth to the antepenult with four carine, one far dorsad on each side consisting of a hemispherical swelling chiefly on portion cephalad of suture and bearing the pore, the other close to the mesal line and also more thickened cephalad than caudad, low, rounded. All segments constricted dorsad and cephalad from the transverse suture. (See Pl. X, fig. 6). Anal scutum long, widely rounded caudally; a rather weak median longitudinal sulcus on anterior portion; a bristle borne each side of mesal line near middle of length, and a second pair borne on caudal margin. Anal valves long, about equalling the anal scutum; smooth; margins elevated; bearing two pairs of bristles close to mesal margin, one pair caudal and the other submedian in position. Anal scale short and broad, transversely narrowly elliptical. A pair of bristles borne on caudal margin, one each side of mesal line. Legs rather sparsely provided with short spinscent bristles. First legs of male reduced, six jointed. Gonopods of male reduced and nearly wholly concealed. Segments ad forty-two. Length about 16 mm.; greatest width 1 mm. Locality: Oroville, Cal. (April, 1911; author coll.). Two specimens were secured. Family NEMASOMID. Genus Nemasoma. Nemasoma uta, sp. nov. Dorsum dark brown, the color nearly solid in band on caudal por- tion of each segment and in some in a narrower stripe adjacent to anter- ior margin, the color over remaining portion of segment mostly in a network or areolation over a light background, the light spots often confluent dorsally into transverse band. Sides light brown, the light area extending farthest dorsad at middle of segment, the light area of sides limited on all sides by border of dark brown. Each segment with whitish spot on median dorsal line. Vertex of head areolated with lines of dark brown over a light background, the frons between bases of antenne and the eyes dark brown, the area enclosing a pair of lighter spots each side of the median line and ventrad of these a second pair of spots between bases of antennez at lower portion of the area. Clypeal region paler from presence of numerous lighter spots, ventrad and laterally yellow, as is also the lateral portion of head. Stipes of mand- ibles laterally covered with network of dark brown lines over light background. Eyes deep black. Antenne brown, each segment whitish proximally and the second article almost wholly so. Legs brown, more or less broken with whitish, paler proximally. Ventral surface light brown. Anal’scutum very dark, the anterior portion with numerous light dots. Anal valves pale along mesal border, elsewhere brown. Body very slender, attenuated cephalad, narrowest immediately caudad of head. 1912] Chilopods and Diplopods 163 Head smooth, free from hairs except for the usual bristles along labrum. A transverse sulcus between eyes, each side portion bending caudad to meet other at an obtuse angle on mesal line, to which angle the median longitudinal sulcus across vertex extends. Antenne longer than width of body; strongly clavate; sensory cones long. Subdensely hirsute distally, more sparsely proximad. Eyes large, oblong, its upper and lower margins nearly parallel, the mesal convex and the ectal oblique. Ocelli arranged in five series; thus, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, giving a total of 17. First dorsal plate narrower than the head inclusive of mandibles, shorter than the two succeeding plates taken together. Middle portion of anterior margin evenly convex, laterally extending obliquely caudo- ventrad and somewhat concave. Caudal margin mesally straight, on sides convexly bending cephalad and meeting anterior margin at an angle. Dorsal of each lateral angles the plate is obliquely depressed or shallowly furrowed. Subsequent segments smooth above; striate ventrad of level of pores, the lower or ventral strize deep. Anal scutum in outline as viewed from above with lateral margins parallel or a little diverging caudad, nearly straight or slightly convex; caudal margin widely rounded, bearing beneath a seta on each side. About equalling the anal valves or a little exceeded by the latter. Anal valves strongly bulging from base to free mesal edge, the sur- face of each valve extending very obliquely ventrad. A long bristle borne near mesal edge of each valve near middle of length. Anal scale with anterior and cadual margins each strongly convex, the two meeting on each side in an acute angle. A pair of bristles springing from mesal portion. Number of segments 44. Length 12.5 mm.; greatest width ad .75 mm. Locality: Little Willow Canyon, Salt Lake ous Utah. (1905; author, coll.). But one specimen thus far found. Family PARAIULID. Genus Paraiulus. Paraiulus tivius sp. nov. Head light brown, a broad transverse band between eyes and ven- trad of their level deep brown, the band enclosing above two pairs of light dots, and between antenne a pair-of large obliquely placed, oval light spots, a bristle inserted in each of most dorsal pair of light spots; vertex above the dark band with network of dark lines, a stmilar network covering the stipes of mandibles laterally, each of the latter with dark transverse stripe across dorsal part. Ventral surface and lower part of sides of body light brown. On each side a series of black dots extend- ing from sixth segment to about the antepenult. Anterior and caudal margins pale, adjacent to the pale marginal stripe in each case a dark transverse band which is much widest mesally; remaining part of plate 164 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, broken into network or areolation by light spots which may be confluent into one or more cross stripes. Other segments with the caudal trans- verse stripe, this becoming broader on more caudal segments and extending on each side to the lateral dark spot, below which it is con-. tinued as a more obscure band formed by network of dark lines, the dark band transversely divided by a series of light spots. Prozonites. light brown. Anal scutum uniform dark brown, with anterior border pale. Legs light brown or yellowish. Antennze with proximal portion of each segment yellowish, the distal darker brown, especially in ulti-- mate articles. A broad transverse depression extending between eyes, 1n its mesal portion or adjacent to same lying the setigerous light spots above mentioned. A median longitudinal sulcus crossing vertex and ending in the transverse furrow. Head nearly free from ordinary type hairs. excepting the two setz mentioned and the bristles on clypeus and labrum. On lateral portions of clypeus and on the stipes of mandibles. is a number of peculiar, probably sensory, hairs, each of which is sub- clavate in form with a narrow apical process and a slender basal stalk inserted in a corresponding pit, near the upper portion of which it pre- sents a globose enlargement. (See Pl. XI, fig. 7). The tegument. about the basal stalk dark. Eyes triangular, an angle directed toward base of antenne, upper side straight, outer side convex above and concave below, mesal side concave above and convex below. Ocelli about 45 in 7 or 8 series; counting from above ventral, 8, 10, 8, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1. Antenne rather short, conspicuously clavate. First dorsal plate with lateral borders rounded anteriorly, not pro- duced, angular posteriorly; margined anteriorly and laterally, the elevated anterior margin widest mesally, not margined caudally. One or two rather weak striz on each side below extending from caudal margin cephalad part way across plate. Pores moderate, widely separated from the transverse suture which is straight or at most weakly sinuate at their level. Anal scutum with caudal portion subtriangular as usual, the apical process bluntly rounded and not at all decurved; plate crossed by a series of transverse furrows or sulci of which the more caudal ones are deepest; caudal triangular portion of plate with a series of setz along each lateral margin, three similar long sete springing from caudal process. Lower portion of segment bearing a long seta near middle height of caudal margin and a second in line with legs of more anterior segments. Anal valves nearly smooth, the mesal margins strongly elevated as usual; two setze on each valve just ectad of elevated mesal margin, one submedian and the second between this and the caudal end. Anal scale with anterior margin convex, the posterior portion sub- triangular its sides convex. ce vee ie: 2 IRGCORCEIMy MEIAbATe! shanternsan ell VOre uae Se). 4 suesoa sane Boe eB Oa OOo Hb ae 4 Pam NAISIO MetIM OTIC OLOT 4 vin asa ean ee EOS ose ees od nls eens abe 3 Waa ospaclistite tly eifaSerabe veal cease ae een a Pret a R. bakert sp. nov. 3. Pale yellow, with head, antennez and four hind legs beyond the knees deep JONI CTL ss oe lle a Pe Oa in eee Re ae ei oS na So ae R. insignipes sp. nov. Yellowish red, with abdomen blackened above; all legs pale beyond the ESAVSOS Acad Cae Chere ar Rea RE RSD a 0, MES Re R. braziliensis Szép. 4, Legs entirely pale, wings distinctly bifasciate........ R. maculipennis Szép. Hind femora mostly black; wings very indistinctly maculate............. R. pulchricornis Szép. Rhogas insignipes sp. nov. Male. Length 8 mm. Uniformly pale ochre-yellow, very con- spicuously and sharply marked with black as follows; entire antennz and head, except palp1; last joint of fore tarsi; middle legs beyond the basal third of the tibia, and hind legs beyond the extreme base of the tibia. Wings tinged strongly with yellowish-fuscous; veins pale brown; stigma wholly piceous; pale parts of body with pale yellow pubescence; black parts with black. Head somewhat over twice as broad as thick antero-posteriorly, the front occupying only one-fourth the width of the head when seen from above. Face of the same width as the front, transversely rugose aciculate, with a short, sharp keel below the anten- ne. Eyes very large, deeply emarginate opposite the antenne; malar space extremely short, only half as long as one of the middle joints of the antennez. Ocelli very large, the lateral ones nearly touching the eye- margin, due to the narrowness of the front. Antenne as long as the body, about 65-jointed, gradually tapering, the joints about quadrate. Head behind the eyes microscopically rugulose. Mesothorax dull, but not punctate, the parapsidal furrows sharply defined but not at all crenulated. Scutellum with a broad, deep, longitudinally fluted and medially divided depression across its base, dull like the mesonotum; post-scutellum paler and polished. Metathorax with the median and lateral carina complete, though delicate, the former bifurcating behind to form a very small petiolar area; surface of metanotum faintly rough- ened. Pleurz smooth and polished. Abdomen with the median carina distinct on the first two segments, but without any distinct longitudinal aciculation; first segment one half longer than wide at tip; base two- thirds as wide as tip; second segment slightly transverse; following becoming more strongly so. Legs moderately slender. Wings ample; stigma lanceolate, emitting the radius at its middle; first section of radius two-thirds as long as the second; recurrent nervure received at half its own length before the tip of the first cubital cell; transverse median nervure entering the first discoidal cell before the middle. 22, Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, One specimen from Independencia, Parahyba, Brazil (Mann and Heath). The conspicuously blackened legs of this species render it very conspicuous and easily recognizable. Rhogas bakeri sp. nov. Female. Length 6 mm. Very pale luteous, with the stemmati- cum black, and the hind femora, tip of their tibia and tips of all tarsi slightly infuscated. Wings pale yellow, with a basal cross-band of fuscous which is more or less separated into two spots, one on the basal vein and the other below the apical part of the submedian cell. Veins and stigma pale luteous, fuscous along the clouded parts of the wing. Head twice as broad as thick antero-posteriorly, the narrowest part of the front one-third as broad as the head, face faintly rugulose, with a short carina below the antenne. Antenne (broken at tips) probably _about 40-jointed, the joints quadrate. Eyes large, emarginate opposite the antennez, but not very deeply so; malar space as long as the basal joint of the antennal flagellum. Ocelli large, the posterior ones as far from the eye-margin as from one another. Head punctulate behind the eyes. Mesonotum dull, with the parapsidal furrows present, but very weakly impressed. Scutellum with the basal impression coarsely striated, not divided by a median carina. Metanotum rugulose, with a median and lateral carinz, weakly elevated. Pleurz impunctate, the mesopleura larger and extending farther downward than usual. Abdomen with the median carina extending to the middle of the third segment; first and second segments very faintly longitudinally aciculated; first segment one-third longer than broad at tip, its base two-thirds as wide as the tip; second segment slightly longer than broad; third transverse, following much shorter, ovipositor nearly one-third as long as the second abdominal segment. Legs stout, the femora thickened, especially those of the hind pair. Wings with the stigma rather broad, its width nearly equal to the length of the first section of the radius which is fully as long as the second; recurrent nervure received more than half its own length before the tip of the first cubital cell; second cubital cell almost as high at apex as at base, the second transverse cubitus hyaline except at the corners of the cell; transverse median vein entering the first discoidal at its middle. One female from Rio Madeira (Camp No. 39, Madeira- Mamoré R. R.) Brazil, Mann and Baker. This is a rather anomalous species, showing somewhat of a transition to Heterogamus in the length of the first section of the radial vein. It is quite similar to the West Indian, XR. bifasciatus Ashm., but the abdominal carina extends beyond the first segment. 1912] Brazilian Ichneumonide and Braconide 223 Eucystomastax gen. nov. Related to Cystomastax Szépligeti which it resembles in the peculiarly swollen palpi, but differing in the broadly sessile abdomen, longer submedian cell, smaller eyes, round metathoracic spiracles, etc. Resembling Rhogas in general habitus. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; margined behind. Malar space as long as the mandible; eyes moderately emarginate opposite the antenne. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed, with the first to third joints greatly swollen, but not flattened; labial palpi 3-jointed, first joint thickened, but cylindrical. Clypeus sharply projecting, with a porrect mystax of stiff black hairs. Ocelli moderately large and close together. Antenne setaceous, a little longer than the body. Thorax with the parapsidal furrows deep anteriorly, but abbreviated behind. Metathorax with a complete median and lateral carinz; its spiracles rather small, round; mesopleural suture complete, crenulated. Abdomen with a strong median carina on the first two segments; a little longer than the head and thorax; coarsely longitudinally aciculated on the first, second and base of third segment; first segment one-third longer than the second, less than twice as long as broad at tip; second segment slightly transverse; third twice as broad as long; fourth to seventh strongly transverse; all the sutures very deeply impressed. Legs long, rather slender, densely hairy. Wing with the marginal cell nearly reaching to the tip, stigma lanceolate, radius originating just before its middle; first section of radius one-third as long as the second; second transverse cubitus not swollen; not so stout as the other veins; recurrent nervure at the apical fourth of the first cubital cell; transverse median vein inserted beyond the basal third of the first discoidal cell; discoidal vein broken far below the middle. Hind wing with the submedian cell half as long as the median. Type. £. bicolor sp. nov. This genus may be separated from the related genera of Rhogadine having dilated palpi as follows: Ime ealpiwithe tae joimtsanipartdtlattened, leaf-like..- 4.05. .26.-006-0- sce chee ss 2 Palpinwiulet hesjomusiswollen, but motilattened:.-s4ss.662) nao assess. le. 3 2. Second section of radius twice as long as the first; upper and lower sides of second cubital cell parallel...........................Macrostomion Szep. Second section of radius less than twice as long as the first; second cubital cell distinctly narrowed toward its tip................ Pelecystoma Wesm. 3. Metathoracic spiracles round; abdomen sessile....EHucystomastax gen. nov. Metathoracic spiracles slit-like; abdomen petiolate.....Cystomastax Szep. Eucystomastax bicolor sp. nov. Male. Length 9.5 mm. Black, with the base of the mandibles, fore coxe, and entire thorax except tip of metathorax, orange-yellow. Head twice as broad as thick, strongly convex below the antennz; the face with a short median carina just below the antennz; front smooth and shining, slightly concave; vertex and cheeks smooth; hind head punctulate; face smooth below on sides; elsewhere microscopically rugulose-punctulate. Mandibles with the upper tooth twice as large as 224 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, the lower one. Antenne 68-jointed, slender, longer than the body, the flagellar joints all about twice as long as thick; the first three times; scape oval, twice as long as thick. Prothorax smooth and shining, deeply impressed across each side. Mesonotum smooth, strongly elevated, especially the middle lobe in front; the parapsidal furrows not sharp, but more or less indicated in front by broad impressions. Scutel- lum triangular, margined only at the sides of the basal impression; its disc with a few large punctures. Metanotum smooth medially in front, on the sides punctate and behind irregularly rugose. Pleurz smooth, with a few punctures only on the metapleure. Abdomen highly polished, smooth beyond the base of the third segment. Legs long and thickly hairy on the tibie and tarsi. Wings deeply infuscated, nearly black, but with very little violaceous reflection; veins black, piceous beyond the cross-veins. One male. Para, Brazil. Mr. Wm. M. Mann. This is a very conspicuous species on account of its brightly contrasting thorax, black wings and polished body. Subfamily SPATHIINE Heterospilus fasciiventris sp. nov. Female. Length 2.2 mm.; ovipositor 0.7 mm. Meso- and meta thorax, first segment and posterior third of second segment of abdomen black; head dilute piceous, black above. Scape, base of antenne, ovipositor and legs pale yellow. Abdomen, except for the black mark- ings, pale honey-yellow. Extreme tips of tarsi and ovipositor black. Head twice as broad as thick, moderately narrowed behind the eyes and somewhat excavated behind; strongly margined behind. Vertex shining; feebly, but distinctly transversely aciculate; with a circular impression to the side of each posterior ocellus, the two narrowly con- nected above the ocell1; posterior ocelli nearly as far from each other as from the eye margin; front slightly concave, weakly transversely aciculate, the lateral margin slightly carinate just above the antenne. Antenne long and slender, basal flagellar joint six times as long as thick; the joints near the middle of the flagellum four times as long as thick. Face honey-yellow, rugulose, clypeus honey-yellow, very convex. Mesonotum shagreened, with deep, convergent crenulate parapsidal furrows; middle lobe aciculate behind as in the following species. Scutel- lum shagreened, with a broad, deep longitudinally fluted groove across its base. Metathorax partly areolated; its upper face with a lateral carina, and the sides of a posterior carina, enclosing a large rugulose area which 1s angularly excavated behind by a large diamond-shaped supero-median area that is open behind at the apex of the metathorax and closed near the base; surface except on the basal area coarsely rugose-reticulate. Pro- and mesopleure shagreened, the former with a deep, oblique groove, the latter with a deep groove along its lower margin, several oblique foveate impressions at its anterior angle and with a crenate line along its posterior edge. Metanotum rugose- reticulate, with a minute thorn-like projection just above the middle 1912] Brazilian Ichneumonide and Braconide 225 coxa. Abdomen as long as the head and thorax together; ovate- lanceolate; first segment twice as long as broad at tip, with a somewhat raised median space bounded by carine converging from the anterior angles, but not very clearly differentiated from the irregular longitud- inal aciculations which cover the segment. Second segment nearly as long as broad at tip; aciculated on its basal two-thirds; crossed just before the middle by a crenulate impressed line, and at its posterior third by a broad, shallow groove; third to sixth segments smooth and shining. Legs scarcely thickened, sparsely beset with pale hairs. Wings subhyaline; stigma and veins dilute fuscous; the former, very narrowly triangular, emitting the radius somewhat before the middle; first section of radius two-thirds as long as the second; cubitus arising a little above the middle of the basal vein; first transverse cubitus wanting, second weak, but distinct; submedian cell a little longer than the median, the transverse median vein very short, almost punctiform; subdiscoidal vein interstitial, the second discoidal cell wide open. One female from Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (Wm. M. Mann). This species is much more slender and structurally quite different from the following, and when these small Braconide are better known the two will probably fall into different genera. Heterospilus meridionalis sp. nov. Female. Length 2.6 mm.; ovipositor 1.5 mm. Black; apical half of antennze and abdomen beyond the second segment piceous; scape and base of antennal flagellum castaneous; palpi whitish; coxe pale yellow; tegule and legs dull brownish yellow. Wings slightly infus- cated, with dark brown stigma and veins. Head shagreened above, rugulose on the face; barely twice as wide as thick and sharply narrowed behind the eyes; with a strong margin behind. Front concave above the antennze, but not deeply impressed; ocelli in a triangle with its shortest side above, the posterior ones nearly twice as far from the eye as from one another. Face evenly convex, piceous, with a small raised smooth spot below the antennz; clypeus dull yellow, semicircular, with the arcuate upper margin indicated by a fine raised line. Cheeks smooth and polished, malar space about one-third as long as the nearly circular eye. Antennz 25-jointed, very slender; scape subcylindrical, twice as long as thick; pedicel quadrate; first flagellar joint four times as long as thick; following gradually shortening, those near the middle of the flagellum three times as broad as thick. Thorax finely shagreened, with a faint eneous tinge; parapsidal furrows deep and crenulate; middle lobe of mesonotum with three short, deep longitudinal grooves before the base of the scutellum. Scutellum with a broad, deep, longitudinally fluted groove across its base. Metathorax rugose- reticulate, with a rather ill-defined area on each side at the base; these areas much more finely sculptured except around the border. Propleurze 226 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, with a broad horizontal, crenulate furrow, rugulose anteriorly and rugose-reticulate behind; mesopleura shagreened, with an arcuate crenate groove near the upper anterior angle and a similar one along its posterior edge. Abdomen as long as the head and thorax, curved downwards and obovate when seen from above; sessile, the first segment as long as broad at tip, the base somewhat over twice as broad as the apex. First and basal two-thirds of second segment longitudinally aciculate, the striz becoming finer apically; beyond to the apex smooth and shining, with broad rufous margins on the second to fifth segments; sixth entirely castaneous. Second segment with a fine impressed line - across its middle and traces medially of a second groove just behind this line. Legs slightly thickened on the femora; sparsely pilose with pale hairs. Wings subhyaline, the stigma narrowly triangular, emitting the radius at its center; cubitus arising near the top of the basal vein, first transverse cubitus barely discernible, interstitial with the recurrent nervure; second one weak, but distinct; first section of the radius three- fourths as long as the second; submedian cell slightly longer than the median; subdiscoidal vein interstitial, the second discoidal cell wide open. Hind wing with a closed basal cell, but without a radius. Ovipos- tor as long as the abdomen, fulvous, black at tip; its sheaths piceous. One female from Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, collected by Mr. Wm. M. Mann. ~ This species approaches H. nigrescens Ashm. from the Island of St. Vincent, but has no white ring at the base of the antenne, and the ovipositor is twice as long. : Heterospilus dubitatus sp. nov. Female. Length 2 mm., ovipositor 0.6 mm. Piceous, varied with rufous; legs testaceous, wings subhyaline. Antennz with the scape yellow, except at tip; flagellum piceous, fuscous toward the base; palpi whitish; collar, mesonotum and mesopleura black; remainder of thorax rufous; abdomen black beyond the transverse groove on the second segment; rufous basally; ovipositor yellow, with black tip; legs pale testaceous, blackened on the tips of the tarsi. Resembles H. meridionalis very closely in structure, but the anten- ne are 23-jointed, the triangular area on each side of the metathorax at base is sharply defined, and not at all sculptured, except for a row of punctures around its edge, the first abdominal segment has a very distinct elevated median portion defined by a pair of carine that con- verge somewhat from the anterior angles to near the tip of the segment; the second segment bears two complete, approximate transverse furrows near the middle, this segment being considerably longer than wide instead of quadrate; and the first section of the radial vein is fully as long as the second. One female from Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (W. M. Mann). 1912] Brazilian Ichneumonide and Braconide 227 The three species of Heterospilus here described may be distinguished as follows: 1. First segment of abdomen as long as broad at tip; abdomen conspicuously bandeditwath Vyellowt dicis.cir tree mockertact ie lect sista tiel srous a/erete H. fascitventris First segment distinctly shorter then broad at tip; abdomen black, more or [SENSEI VISWEN S192 1S Se anereneT arin ths Gs eidioric Alc k 130 > aie See ate ee 2 2. Ovipositor as long as the abdomen; first section of the radius much shorter thanerhewsecond) abdomen placa trainin icra HT. meridionalis Ovipositor scarcely more than one-half as long as the abdomen; first section of the radius as long as the second; abdomen rufous on the first segment anGdepasalehali oft the Seconda. :).loen acre eters oer aoe ts H. dubitatus Family ALYSIIDz Idiasta nigripennis sp. nov. Male. Length 5.5-6 mm. Black, with the thorax and basal half of the abdomen honey-yellow; wings very strongly infuscated, almost black. Head large, highly polished, a little more than twice as broad as long, not narrowed behind the eyes. Clypeus very small, sharply triang- ular, closely punctate, face punctulate; front smooth and highly polished with a deep transverse depression above the antennz and below the ocelli which occupy a small triangle far from the eyes; antennz long, one-half longer than the body; with fifty joints. The fourth very distinctly longer than the third. Mandibles fuscous, with black teeth, coarsely punctate externally. Palpi very delicate and slender, pale yellow. Eyes almost circular, their diameter equalling the length of the fourth antennal joint. Mesonotum smooth and polished, with deep strongly convergent parapsidal furrows which unite far before the ~ scutellum. Scutellum strongly convex medially in front, straight on its posterior edge, and at the base with a broad deep depression separat- ing it from the mesonotum. This groove is divided on the median line by a fine carina. Pleurze smooth and shining, the mesopleura deeply impressed just below the wing and with a foveate impression just before the carina which separates it from the metapleura. Metathorax smooth, with a strong median carina that bifurcates behind to form a broad triangular petiolar area; also with a lateral, strongly sinuate carina that curves laterally to go out beyond the moderately small, circular spiracle. Metapleura with a large deep foveate impression just anterior to the spiracle and a smaller one below, near the middle, just behind the anterior margin. Abdomen broadly sessile, peculiarly formed at the base in that the ventral part of the first segment spreads out laterally beyond the dorsal part; seen from above it is exposed behind on each side to a width of nearly one half the dorsal plate. The latter is less than twice as long as broad at the tip which is twice as wide as the base; spiracles at the middle, very prominent, their tips as far apart as the posterior angles; petiole at base with two short, convergent carine. Abdomen smooth and shining, but little widened medially and one-half longer than the head and thorax together; black above beyond the second segment. Legs slender, loosely hairy; entirely black, except for yellowish tips to the trochanters, bases to the tibia and a fuscous tinge on the tarsi and anterior tibie. Wings blackened, 228 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, piceous with black stigma and veins. Stigma lanceolate, the radius arising at its posterior third; half as broad as the radial cell; second section of radius twice as long as the first. First section of cubitus sinuate, the recurrent nervure received distinctly before the tip of the first cubital cell; submedian cell considerably longer than the median; subdiscoidal nervure arising below the middle of the discoidal vein, although in position it les far forward, due to the upper section of the discoidal vein being nearly parallel to the axis of the wing. Hind wing with the radius and subdiscoidal vein well developed. Four specimens, showing practically no variation, from Abuna, Rio Madeira, Brazil. This is the first species of Jdzasta to be described from the neotropical region. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Ophiogastrella maculithorax sp. nov., wings. Fig. 2. Eucystomastax bicolor gen. et sp. nov., wings. Fig. 3. Jdiasta nigripennis sp. nov., wings. Fig. 4. Bracon crassitarsis sp. nov., fore tarsus. Fig. 5. Parabinarea manni gen. et sp. nov., hind leg. Fig. 6. Eucystomastax bicolor gen. et sp. nov., maxillary palpus. Fig. 7. Mesostenoideus crassus sp. nov., portion of fore wing. Fig. 8. Cryptus heathi sp. nov., portion of fore wing. Fig. 9. Ophionellus manni sp. nov., wings. Fig. 10. Megaplectes branneri sp. nov., maxillary palpus. Fig. 11. Bracon paraénsis sp. nov., wings. er yf ian THE LACINIA IN THE MAXILLA OF THE HYMENOPTERA.* By Avex. D. MAcGILLIvRAY, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. The maxilla of biting insects consists of six pieces. There is at the proximal end a two segmented cardo (c), which articu- lates the maxilla to the head capsule (Figs. 1 and 27). Attached to the distal end of the cardo there is in the cockroach (Fig. 1) a rhomboidal-shaped piece, the stipes (s). The stipes in the locust (Fig. 2) is also rhomboidal in outline but is limited in its articulation to the mesal portion of the cardo. There is borne at the distal end of the stipes in the cockroach a two-seg- mented, somewhat bent tongue-shaped piece, the galea, (g). The galea of the locust is also two-segmented but borne at the distal and lateral margin of the stipes. At the proximal end of the galea against the lateral margin of the stipes, there is a small sclerite, the palpifer (p), which bears the five segmented ‘maxillary palpus. The proximal segment of the galea and the palpifer in the locust constitute the lateral margin of the stipes. There is borne at the distal end of the stipes on the mesal side another appendage, which bears three prominent teeth at its distal end. This is the lacinia (la). The arrangement of the parts in the maxillz of biting insects is for all practical purposes identical with the above description and the figures of the maxilla of the cockroach and the locust, showing two distal pieces, a lacinia on the mesal side and a galea on the lateral side, with a segmented maxillary palpus attached on or near the lateral margin at the proximal end of the galea, and is character- istic. If the maxilla of Macroxyela infuscata (Fig. 3), one of the most generalized members of the order Hymenoptera, a ten- thredinid, known to me, is compared with that of the cockroach *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois, No. 29. {The cardo of Melanoplus differentialis as here figured shows a narrow prox- imal piece with two projections at its proximal end; the shorter piece articulates against the ectal surface of the head capsule and the larger piece passes beneath the margin of the head capsule and serves for the attachment of muscles. These pieces are characteristic of this and some other species. It has been overlooked because it usually remains attached to the head capsule when the maxilla is removed. 231 2a2 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, or locust, a somewhat similar condition is found. The cardo, however, consists of a single piece which bears at its distal end an irregular-shaped stipes. The stipes bears at its distal end on the mesal side a quadrangular-shaped sclerite, which from its position must be the lacinia. There is borne on the lateral part of the distal portion of the stipes a two-lobed piece, the galea, which consists of a larger outer and a smaller inner lobe. The suture dividing the galea into two pieces is obsolete. Although not demonstrable, it is quite likely that the small mesal lobe of the galea is derived from the proximal sclerite of the galea and the large lateral lobe from the distal sclerite of the galea. The palpifer and maxillary palpus occupy corresponding positions to these sclerites in the cockroach. The maxilla of Macroxyela is short and broad and retains many of the general features and appearances of the maxillz of the cockroach and locust. The maxilla of Dolerus unicolor (Fig. 4), another tenthredi- nid, differs from that of Macroxyela in that it shows some of the tendencies so characteristic of the maxille of the higher Hymen- optera, an elongation and narrowing of the parts. This is especially marked in the cardo of Dolerus. The maxilla of Dolerus also has three lobes at the distal end. The rounded setaceous lateral portion is the homologue of the large lateral lobe of the galea of Macroxyela, while the mesal and proximal rounded lobe is the homologue of the small mesal lobe of the galea of Macroxyela. The lacinia is a long, pointed lobe pro- jecting beyond the mesal lobe of the galea but attached to the stipes beneath this lobe of the galea. Dolerus is a compara- tively generalized tenthredinid yet it shows an early stage in the migration of the lacinia from the distal end of the maxilla. A somewhat similar condition is shown in the maxilla of an ichneumonid, Ophion bilineatum (Fig. 5). The two lobes of the galea are large, the mesal lobe is a broad flat plate and almost completely covers the lacinia, which is a broad lobe attached to the side of the stipes. The lateral lobe of the galea is elongated and terminal as in the higher Hymenoptera. In the white faced hornet, Vespa maculata (Fig. 6), the maxilla shows a decided elongation of all the parts, the cardo, stipes, and lateral lobe of the galea. The sclerites are not all arranged in the same plane as with the maxille previously described. This is due to the fact that the maxillze are closely appressed to the sides of the convex labium or lower lip, which 1912] Lacinia in Maxilla of Hymenoptera 233 has changed somewhat the orientation of the parts. The galea is almost as long as the elongated stipes and is composed for the most part of a large lobe which is the homologue of the lateral lobe of the galea of the maxilla previously described. The homologue of the mesal lobe is much smaller and has changed its position somewhat. It is a small lobe placed on the surface of the larger, lateral lobe, nearer its lateral than its mesal margin. The mesal margin of the small, mesal lobe is marked by a row of long sete. All the sutures between the parts of the galea and the stipes are obsolete. There are several dark and light areas with oblique ridges where they probably fuse, but specimens prepared with caustic potash show no indi- cation of a suture in this region. The lacinia is a small but well marked lobe attached to the mesal margin of the proximal end of the stipes. Its position is clearly indicated in figure 6. The distal end of the lacinia is usually folded under the proximal end of the galea and more or less concealed. It shows distinctly on unmounted specimens studied in alcohol. A thread-waisted wasp, Sphex pennsylvanicus (Fig. 7), shows a somewhat different condition. In the maxilla of this insect the small, mesal lobe of the galea is wanting and the lateral lobe developed into a greatly elongated, blunt piece, which projects for some distance beyond the stipes and is almost as long as the maxillary palpus. There is a groove along the lateral margin of the galea that may mark the line of separation of the small, mesal lobe of the galea. Unfortunately it was not discovered until it was too late to remedy the defect, that the figure of this maxilla was turned in the oppsite direction from the others. The lacinia is located at the proximal end of the galea in this maxilla. It is a broadly rounded lobe. Its loca- tion and the development of the proximal end of the galea as an overhanging projection would suggest that the lacinia had been modified into a supporting piece. The greatest modification of the maxillz is found with the bees where they have been greatly elongated into plates for close appression against the labium for the formation of a tube. The maxilla of a bumble bee, Bombus terricola (Fig. 8), shows this condition well. The galea is a sword-shaped blade as long as the remainder of the maxilla. It is attached to the distal end of the stipes. The two are fused without any indication of asuture. There is an oblique ridge marking the edge of a deep 234 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, furrow with lighter intervening parts. It is likely that this oblique, clear area distad of the ridge marks the distal limit of the stipes. This would make the union between the stipes and galea an oblique one with the maxillary palpus attached to the distal prolongation of the stipes. A similar condition will be noted in the other maxille figured. The furrow extending across the maxilla is the limit of the-distal part of the maxilla that is folded under the labium. If this ridge be considered as the suture between the stipes and the galea, it would place the maxillary palpus on the galea, which is an impossible interpre- tation in the light of the other maxille studied. In the more specialized Hymenoptera, wasps and bees, there is a cuticular membrane connecting the maxilla and the labium, which serves to close the mouth cavity on the ventral side. The distal edge of this membrane is attached to the stipes near the proximal end of the lacinia. This membrane is particularly well marked in mounts of the entire maxilla and labium of Bombus. In such mounts, the lacinia can be identified as a round lobe with long sete on its distal and lateral margins. It is placed adjacent to the distal margin of the membrane extending from the maxilla to the labium and is attached to the mesal margin of the stipes near its distal end or to the uncolored area of the stipes. This lobe is so distinct, once it has been seen, it is hard to understand how it has remained undescribed for so long. The lacinia, while showing distinctly in specimens mounted in balsam, can be studied to better advantage on maxille that have been cleared in caustic potash and examined in a watch glass in alcohol. Insect morphologists have been fairly uniform in their statements regarding the lacinia in the honey bee, A pis mellifica (Fig. 9). All the more important text-books on entomology figure a maxilla of Bombus or A pis, but without indication of the lacinia. The following quotations are typical for the maxilla of Apis. Comstock and Kellogg* describe these parts as follows: ‘‘Sttpes. The stipes is an irregular, elongate sclerite, strongly chitinized. Its proximal end is bluntly rounded and swollen. The stipes articulates with the proximal segment of the galea (see below) by a diagonal face. *Comstock, John Henry and Kellogg, Vernon L. The elements of insect anat- omy. Ithaca. 1901. Pp. 78-79. 1912] Lacinia in Maxilla of Hymenoptera 235 ‘Galea. The galea (we incline to believe this part homolo- gous with the galea of the locust’s maxilla, rather than with the lacinia, because of its two-segmented condition) extends distad from the stipes as a tapering blade-shaped piece. It is composed of two segments. The proximal one is small and triangular, articulating by the entire length of one of its margins with the stipes. The distal segment or sclerite constitutes the real blade-like portion of the maxilla, and nearly equals in length the ligula and labial palpi (see below). Its surface is unequally divided into two portions by a submedian, dark-brown, longi- tudinal line. (This line may indicate a coalescence of galea and lacinia into this one blade-like compound sclerite). This line bears several hairs, and there are scattering hairs elsewhere on the sclerite, especially toward the distal end.”’ Snodgrass} writes as follows of the maxilla of the honey-bee: ‘‘Let us now return to a study of figure 15D. The series of lateral pieces as already explained are the maxilla. A com- parison with figure 3B representing a generalized maxilla will show that these organs in the bee have suffered a greater modi- fication than has the labium, but the parts can yet be quite easily made out. The main basal plate (st) is the combined stipes, subgalea, and palpifer, the basal stalk is the cardo (cd), and the little peg-like process (mx plp) at the outer end of the stipes is the greatly reduced maxillary palpus. Hence, we have left only the terminal blade-like lobe (mx) to account for, and it is evident it must be either the galea or the lacinia (See fig. 3B, ga and Jc) or these two lobes combined. Here’ again a comparative knowledge of the mouth parts of Hymenoptera comes to our aid and shows clearly that the part in question is the outer lobe or galea, for the inner one becomes smaller and smaller in the higher members of the order and finally disappears.” There is expressed in these two quotations very different views, the former that the galea and lacinia are probably coalesced and the latter that the lacinia is wanting. This is the status of the lacinia in the higher Hymenoptera, writers consider it either as fused with the galea or as obsolete. A comparison of the drawing of the maxilla of the honey bee with that of Bombus shows it to be similar in form but shorter and consists of a long, slender, proximal piece, the cardo, Snodgrass, R. E.—The anatomy of the honey bee. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Entom., Tech. Ser. No. 18, 1910. Pp. 45-46. 236 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, and a distal piece divided into two regions by the difference in coloration. The distal two-thirds is a blade-shaped piece with a median ridge bearing seta. This blade-shaped piece is the galea and the median ridge is the supposed line of coalescence of the galea and lacinia of Comstock and Kellogg. There is borne on the lateral margin at the proximal end of the galea a two-segmented appendage, the palpifer and a one-segmented maxillary palpus. The palpifer is inserted in a furrow in the side of the maxilla and can be pushed back against the bottom of this furrow so as not to project beyond the lateral margin of the maxilla. There is a distinct convexity at the distal end of this furrow and an oblique line extends across the maxilla from this point, which probably marks the division between the galea and the proximal piece of this portion of the maxilla, the stipes. The suture between the galea and stipes is obsolete. The lacinia is a thin, cuticular lobe attached near the mesal margin of the stipes at its distal end. It is not attached at the margin of the stipes but a short distance within. The lacinia at its distal margin 1s developed into a lobe which rests upon the base of the galea. It is so delicate that. where 10, rests upon the galea, its distal end appears like a faint, curved, transverse suture. The distal end of the lacinia resting upon the galea is evidently what Comstock and Kellogg have mis- taken for a suture separating the galea into a triangular proxi- mal piece and a distal blade-like piece. The lacinia is larger and more distinct in the honey bee than in Bombus. It shows very distinctly on specimens cleared in caustic potash and studied in alcohol. The lacinia was found to be present in the maxille of prac- tically all the Hymenoptera examined. It is very large and distinct in Priocnemis, fully one-third the size of the galea which is greatly expanded and consists of two distal lobes. In the large carpenter ant, Campanotus, the lacinia is a distinct lobe at the proximal end of the galea. Wheeler* considers it as present but his figures of the maxille copied from Janet do not show it. A species of Andrena also shows it as a lobe similar in form and location to that of Bombus and A pis but smaller. The only hymenopterous insect examined where the lacinia was found to be completely wanting was the short tongued bee, *Wheeler, W. M.—Ants, their structure, development, and behavior. New York. 1910. P. 19. 1912] Lacinia in Maxilla of Hymenoptera Augochlora. In this bee the galea has been reduced to a mere oblique knob at the distal end of the maxilla and the stipes transformed into a blade-shaped organ with a distinct palpifer and a five segmented maxillary palpus on the lateral margin near the distal end of the maxilla. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Cardo. Proximal segment of cardo. Distal segment of cardo. Galea. Distal segment of galea. Proximal segment of galea. Lacinia. mp. Maxillary palpus. p- Se SO FOOT eae, Teale 2 RS a Palpifer. Stipes. PLATE XVIII. (Drawings by Alvah Peterson.) Periplaneta orientalis. Melanoplus differentialis. Macroxyela infuscata. Dolerus unicolor. Ophion bilineatum. Vespa maculata. Sphex pennsylvanicus. Bombus terricola. Apis mellifica. ANNALS E. S. A. VoL. V, PLATE XVIII. = = Ss oe Y ” y Y y .g y 4 ¢ Z oo 54 A, D, MacGillivray. THE PUPAL WINGS OF HEPIALUS THULE. By ALex. D. MAcGILLIvray, University of Illinois, Urbana, I1linois.* The adult wings of the different species of the genus Hepialus are of particular interest because they show such a generalized condition. They approximate the closest to the hypothetical wing type of Comstock and Needham of any insect’s wings with which I am acquainted. This hypothetical type is supposed to show the number and arrangement of the longitudinal veins as they existed in the primitive insect’s wing. These authors have shown that a study of the arrangement of the trachez preceding the formation of the veins in developing wings throws much light on the homology of the veins of the adult wing. Many developing wings of Lepidoptera have been studied and figured, but so far as | am aware no investigator has studied and figured the developing wing veins of a species of Hepialus. It was my good fortune, through the kindness of Professor J. M. Swaine of MacDonald College, Quebec, Canada, to obtain pup of Hepialus thule hardened in formol in the right stage for a study of the developing wing veins. These specimens showed not only the trachez, which are represented as black lines on the accompanying figure, but also the veins, which are represented as white bands. Unfortunately nothing could be determined as to the arrangement of the tracheez after they left the veins and entered the body. The various veins will be taken up in order. et Costa.—The costa can be traced as a distinct, unbranched vein in both wings a short distance within the costal margin. A trachea was found only in the costa of the front wings and this was only a mere stub. Subcosta.—The subcosta shows as a two-branched vein, identical in form with the subcosta of the hypothetical type. The tracheal stem of subcosta is distinct and in the front wing branched midway between the base of the wing and the point of separation of subcosta into Sc; and Secs, though in the hind wings the point of branching of the trachea is much nearer the point of separation of the two branches of subcosta. The *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois, No. 30. 239 240 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, tracheal branch supplying Sc; is much weaker than that extend- ing through Sc.. The preservation of both branches of subcosta is peculiar to the Jugatza2 among the Lepidoptera. In the Hepialide, this condition differs with the different species; in some species they are both well preserved, in others the portion representing the free part of Sc: is sometimes present in both wings, sometimes present in the front wing and wanting in the hind wing or vice versa, or it may be entirely wanting in both wings, while in still other species no trace of it is ever found. The portion of subcosta always preserved is the long, straight stem representing Sce, so that if we may judge from the form of the vein preserved and the decadent condition of the trachea of Sci, as shown here, the tip of the subcosta as pre- served throughout the higher Lepidoptera must be Scz. Humeral Cross-Vein.—The humeral cross-vein is usually preserved in the Hepialide. It is distinct in this species and located in its usual place between costa and subcosta near the base of the wing. Radius.—The radius, both so far as the tracheze and the developing veins are concerned, consists of five branches. A basal stem dividing dichotomously into an unbranched vein, Ry, and a stem which divides dichotomously into Re+ 3; and R4+s. Each of these in turn divide dichotomously, the anterior into R, and R; and the posterior into Ry and R;. The number of branches and their method of dividing is identical with the hypothetical type. The radius of the hind wings of Hepialus as is common in the Jugate, contains as many branches as the radius of the front wings. Media.—The media of both wings is similar in form and consists of three branches. The median trachea of each wing lies in the same vein cavity as the radial trachea at the proximal end of the wing. They extend along side by side for some distance, then the medial trachea bends away from the radial trachea, and pass into the median vein cavity. The median trachee branch dichotomously near the base of each wing, the anterior branch from this dichotomy after a short distance divides again dichotomously into M, and M:. The posterior branch from the first dichotomy passes unbranched directly to the wing margin. This branch of media in the hypothetical type gives rise to M3; and My. None of the pupal wings of Hepialus examined gave indication of smaller 1912] Pupal Wings of Hepialus Thule 241 a branches arising from this trachea. The cross-veins are all without trachee as is the usual condition in generalized wings. The posterior branch arising at the first dichotomy of media in Hepialusis undoubtedly the homologue of the posterior branch at the first dichotomy of media of the hypothetical type. This branch in the hypothetical type divides dichotomously Fig. 1. Hepialus thule, pupal wings. 242 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, into M; and Mg, so that this branch in Hepialus must represent M; and Mg or as it is here labelled, M3+4. The position of the branch M, in the Lepidoptera has not been definitely placed. Comstock and Needham figure the wings of Sthenopis, in the hind wing of which there is an extra branch on Cu, which they label as M,. This would mean, if this interpretation is correct, that M, is coalesced with Cu, in the higher Lepidoptera. The wings figured are of a species in which Cu, is usually unbranched. The specimen figured is undoubtedly an abnormal specimen so far as the branching of Cu; is concerned and should have no weight in deciding what has become of My. That the above authors were in doubt is shown by the following foot-note taken from their paper: ‘‘ With our present knowledge it is impossible to determine the way that vein M, has disappeared in the Frenatz. We have seen no indication that it coalesces with vein Cu; as in Sthenopis, for in all pupz of this suborder that we have examined the medial trachea is only three-branched. We are obliged, therefore, to omit any further reference to this vein in the discussion of this order.’’ The venation of certain species of Hepialus is frequently abnormal. This is strikingly true of Hepialus humult. I have seen wings which had extra branches on both media and radius. In the case of radius, specimens have been examined that contained six, seven, and even eight branches. So that the condition figured in the hind wing of Sthenopis is not unusual. The fact that none of the pupal wings showed any branching of this portion of the trachez of media in either wing and the further fact that Hepzalus is one of the most generalized of lepidopterous insects, where of all places positive evidence should be sought for demonstrating this point, the interpretation must be, that the third branch of media in both wings, not only of Hepizalus but of the Lepidop- tera, is M3+4. Radio-Medial Cross-Vein.—The radio-medial cross-vein is distinct, in its usual place between R; and M,, and is not pre- ceded by a trachea. Medial Cross-Vein.—The medial cross-vein is present, distinct, in its usual position between M, and M3, and is not preceded by a trachea. Cubitus.—The vein cavity of the cubitus of the front wings is located some distance behind the radio-medial vein cavity. It is free for a short distance at the base of the wing, then is 1912] Pupal Wings of Hepialus Thule 243 fused with another vein to a point opposite the point of separa- tion of media and radius. Here the cubitus bends abruptly toward the apex of the wing for a short distance and then turns abruptly again toward the wing margin, parallel with My. Just before reaching the wing margin, it divides into Cu, and Cun. The basal part of the cubital trachea of all the front wings studied did not lie in the cubital vein but took a short cut toward the base of the wing. With the limited material at hand it is impossible to determine whether this is a normal condition or an artifact due to the mounting. The cubital vein cavity and trachea of the hind wing is situated much nearer to the medial trachea and vein cavity than in the front wing. The cubitus extends parallel to the media until near the wing margin where it divides into two branches, Cu; and Cup. Medtio-Cubital Cross-Vein.—The medio-cubital cross-vein is present, distinct, and in its usual position between M;+, and Cu;. This cross-vein differs from the other cross-veins in its oblique direction, a direction very suggestive that this was the course of the fourth branch of media. The entire lack of trachez in these veins defeats such an interpretation. Arculus.—The arculus is a cross-vein-like structure at the base of the wing extending between radius and cubitus. The term arculus was first used for this structure in the wings of the Odonata, but as pointed out by Comstock and Needham, it is present in the wings of many insects. It is well developed in the wings of many Diptera but has not been pointed out hitherto in the wings of the Lepidoptera. The arculus, while cross- vein-like, is in reality a compound structure. The stem of media passes to the base of the wing midway between radius and cubitus to the arculus, makes an abrupt bend to the front of the wing, forming the anterior portion of the arculus, extends to radius, and then makes another abrupt bend and extends to the base of the wingin combination with radius. The posterior part of the arculus is a true cross-vein, extending from the first abrupt bend of media to the cubitus. The anterior or median portion of the arculus may be designated as the anterior arculus (aa) and the posterior part, consisting of a cross-vein as the posterior arculus (pa). Both front and hind wings of Hepialus thule show a well developed arculus. Practically all of the carefully prepared drawings of the wings of the Jugate give some hints as to the 244 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, actual condition, though most of them indicate the media as coalesced at base with cubitus. An examination of the figures of the pupal wings of Hepzialus thule shows the trachee of media lying along side the tracheze of radius in the wing cavities of radius. A short distance from the base of the wing the median trachea diverges from the radial trachea into a broad vein cavity of its own, which passes obliquely across the wing for a short distance and then turns toward the margin of the wing between and parallel to the radial and cubital vein cavities and tracheee. The oblique part of the median vein cavity is the anterior arculus (aa). Near the point where the median trachea bifurcates, a broad vein cavity joins the median vein cavity and passes obliquely, posteriorly to the cubitus. This latter oblique vein cavity is not supplied with a trachea. It is the cross-vein part of the arculus, the posterior arculus (pa). The posterior arculus of the front wing is much longer than that of the hind wing. This explains why in adult wings, the media frequently appears to be joined to the radius in the front wing and to the cubitus in the hind wing. There is a great variation in the constituent parts of the arculus in the wings of different insects. This is especially true in the Diptera. A generalized condition is found in many wings, such as those of Tabanus or Leptis where the meaian vein joins the middle of the arculus. In such cases, the anterior arculus and the posterior arculus are subequal in length. Two lines of modification may be developed from this generalized condition. The media may migrate along the arculus nearer and nearer to the radius until it actually joins the radius. The anterior arculus through this migration becomes shorter and shorter, with a corresponding lengthening of the posterior arculus. When the media joins the radius, the anterior arculus is obliterated and the arculus is wholly cross-vein in structure or posterior arculus. If the posterior arculus atrophies in the descendants of such forms, the radius would appear to arise directly fron the radius without an abrupt bend. The second condition is found where the media migrates toward cubitus. There results a similar shortening of the posterior arculus and an elongation of the anterior arculus. This may proceed until the media is free from the arculus and coalesced with the cubitus as in the wings of Pantarbes or Erax. Whereas the cross-vein like structure was all cross-vein or posterior arculus in the first 1912] Pupal Wings of Hepialus Thule 245 case, in the second case it is all median or anterior arculus. A similar atrophy of the anterior arculus may take place and a condition like that found in the wings of the muscids exist, where media appears to arise from cubitus.. This shows how even in the two wings of the same species, as certain Jugate, the media may appear to arise from the radius in the front wings and from the cubitus in the hind wings. Anal Veins.—The front wings of Hepialus thule has two anal veins, each represented by a trachea. The first anal vein is coalesced for a part of its course with the stem of cubitus. many figures of wings of Hepialus show a cross-vein between cubitus and the first anal vein, the cross-vein is the true course of cubitus. The apparent continuation of cubitus proximad of this cross-vein is the posterior arculus. The second anal vein lies close to the wing margin and the vein cavity is not well developed. The hind wing has three well developed anal trachez in three equidistant vein cavities. The vein cavity of the first anal vein is not so distinct as the others. ANATOMY OF THE TOMATO-WORM LARVA, PROTOPARCE CAROLINA.* By ALVAH PETERSON. The larve of Protoparce carolina are excellent subjects for the study of the anatomy of a developing insect. Its size and abundance during the late summer and early fall make it an available subject throughout the middle west. There are no detailed investigations of the larva of this family, so that a discussion, such as is given in the following pages, would not seem out of place. This investigation was started under Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, in order to acquire some intormation as to the internal anatomy of insects. Since there is such a dearth of literature dealing with the larve of American Lepidoptera, I have prepared, at his suggestion, the following descriptions and figures. I am greatly indebted to Dr. MacGillivary for suggestions and other help. I have found Mr. A. G. Hammer’s excellent paper on the nervous system of the larva of Corydalis cornuta L. very useful and wish to express my appreciation of it. METHODS. When the work was first taken up, it was doubtful if it could be completed in one season, for only a hmited amount of good material was available. There still remain a few points that need further observation, and these will be mentioned later. The best material for dissection proved to be larve that had been killed in hot water and preserved in 70% alcohol. Even with the largest and the best prepared specimens, one finds that the internal structures are not as easy to follow as one might expect. Especially is this true with respect to the nervous and circulatory systems. The factor causing the greatest difficulty outside of the frailty of the material, is the existence of a super- abundance of adipose tissue or fat. To remove this fat, without tearing or destroying other parts, in order to observe the various organs, is difficult. The larvae were opened by cutting a longitudinal slit along the meson on the dorsal or ventral aspects and laid out flat and pinned in dissecting trays. By gently rubbing and teasing the masses of adipose tissue, one can remove a sufficient amount to be able to observe the covered *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois, No. 31. 246 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 247 parts. Staining the tissues with a weak solution of Delafield’s hematoxylin was found very useful in differentiating the finer structures. This was especially true in working with the nervous and circulatory systems. The resulting light-bluish coat given to the tissues, when not stained too deeply, proved to give the best results. Stained material will retain the stain for three or four days without becoming muddy and indistinct. To stain a certain area, the obstructing material was cleaned away and rinsed clean with running water. Pouring off all the water, two or three drops of the stain were dropped on the moist parts. The stain in no case was allowed to remain on the tissues over thirty seconds. As a general rule, the surplus stain was immediately washed off with running water. The various parts of the larva will be discussed in the following order :— . A. External Anatomy :—Head, Thorax, and Abdomen. B. Internal Anatomy :—Adipose Tissue, Digestive System, Silk Glands, Salivary Glands, Respiratory System, Muscular System, Circulatory System, Reproductive Organs, Wing Buds, and Nervous System. A. External Anatomy. The larva of Protoparce carolina when mature is approxi- mately 9-enr. in’ length and 12-15 mm. in diameter: » It hasia distinct greenish cast with diagonal lines of dark brown, pig- mental blotches, which extend from the dorso-caudal part of each abdominal segment ventro-cephalad. The body is divided into three regions, head, thorax, and abdomen. Heap (Figs. 1, 2 and 3).—The head is the smallest division of the body. It is a non-wrinkled, yellowish-white region, which from a lateral or ventral aspect is oval in outline, while from a cephalic view, it is spherical. On the median portion of the cephalic aspect, there exists a distinct inverted Y-shaped suture (e), the epicranial suture, which divides the fixed parts of the head into three regions. Connected with the ventral part of the region included within the arms of the Y, are the mouth parts. The large areas laterad of the epicranial suture have on their ventral aspects the antennz and simple-eyes. Eyes—The simple eyes (0) consist of two groups of six ocelli, five of which are arranged in a semicircle with the sixth on the median part of the diameter of the circle. These groups 248 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, viewed from the cephalic aspect, are on the ventro-lateral regions of the head. Antenne.—Mesad and slightly ventrad of the ocelli are located the three-segmented antennz (at). Each consists of a conical-shaped basal segment bearing on its distal end two similar, cylindrical segments. On the distal end of the third segment, two unequal sete are borne, the mesal one being the longer. Front.—The triangular area included within the arms of the Y, is the front (/). Clypeus.—The clypeus (cl) is attached to the ventral edge of the front and forms a transverse bar, bearing a single seta on each lateral end. Labrum.—At the apex of the clypeus, there is borne a bilobed area (/r), which has on its ventral edge a deep notch, which makes the labrum bilobed. On the lateral and ventral parts of these lobes are borne seta. Three large setz for each lobe seems to be the constant number in the various specimens examined, while there is a’ variation in the number of small setae on the depressed region above the notch. Mandibles.—The two stout mandibles (md) meet in a zigzag line caudad of the labrum. The zigzag line is due to the inter- locking of the four dark, tooth-like projections which occur on the mesal edge of the laterally opening mandibles. The man- dibles are connected to the head proper at the lateral margins of the labrum and maxille. Each mandible bears on its distal median portion a single seta. Maxille.—Directly caudad of the proximal portion of the mandibles are two globular maxilla (mx), each of which bears ventrally a three-segmented, tapering palpus. The distal seg- ment of the palpus is very small. Labium.—Mesad of the two maxille, there is a wedge- shaped labium (/b), which gives rise to a tubular projection at its caudo-distal edge. Spinneret.—This tubular projection (2), which extends caudad and ventrad, is the spinneret, from which the silk is exuded. THORAX.—The thorax, being the second region of the body, is adjacent to the head and consists of three segments as follows: Prothorax (Fig. 1).—The prothorax is the cephalic segment of the thorax and is comparatively smooth and not transversely 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 249 wrinkled on its dorsal aspect. It bears on its ventral side a pair of true legs. On the caudal part of the lateral surface of the prothorax can be seen an oval spiracle. Mesothorax and Metathorax (Fig. 1)—The mesothorax and metathorax are very similar, consequently the description of either will answer for both. Six, transverse furrows cut the dorsal surface of each segment and a pair of true legs is found on the ventral aspect of each. These two segments bear no spiracles. Legs (Figs. 1/g and 5).—The three pairs of legs on the thorax are approximately alike. On all these legs numerous small setz are borne. A leg consists of the following parts. At the base of each leg is a widened, oval, furrowed area, which con- stitutes the coxa (co) of the leg. The trochanter (tr), a wedge- shaped, darkened sclerite, exists on the ventro-mesal margin of the coxa adjacent to the following segment of the leg, the femur. The femur (fe) is the large, cylindrical segment distad of the trochanter. The tibia (tz) follows the femur and bends slightly mesad. The distal segment of the leg is a small, cone-shaped tarsus (fa), which bears on its distal end, minus an intervening ‘suture, a single, dark-hooked claw (ca). ABDOMEN (Fig. 1).—The abdomen is by far the largest portion of the larva, for it consists of eight, possibly nine, large segments. Some writers consider the eighth segment, as it is here called, as made up of two segments. The proleg (a. pl) of the last segment in this case would be attached to the ninth, while the anal horn (ah) would be borne on the caudo-dorsal part of the eighth segment. In the abdominal segments one to seven, a distinct similarity exists. However the abdominal segments three, four, five and six, give rise to pairs of prolegs (pl). Fourth Abdominal Segment (Fig. 1) —Taking the fourth ab- dominal segment as a typical segment, one finds it is composed of eight, distinct, transverse, ridges on its dorsal and dorso- lateral aspects. Numerous pigmental areas can be found in the furrows. The most striking pigmental arrangement is the diagonal line of spots running from the dorso-caudal angle of the segment toward the ventro-cephalic portion. The large, oval spiracles (s) are located on the lateral aspects of the seg- ments in the ventral and cephalic portion. These oval, dark- ened areas (Fig. 6, s) on magnification appear to be made up of a fine network of dark chitin and also show an indefinite, 250 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, median, dorso-ventral slit, which opens into the trachea. The prolegs (p/) on the ventral aspect of this segment, are a pair of fleshy appendages, which bear on their distal margins a convex, double row of black hooks, which point mesad (Fig. 4). Eighth Abdominal Segment (Fig. 1).—The last segment of the abdomen is somewhat elongated and not so excessively cut by transverse furrows as the preceding segments of the abdomen. At the middle of the dorsal surface of the.segment, a spine-like anal horn (ah) arises. From this point the segment is cut off obliquely at an angle of 45°. At the dorsal edge of this sloping portion the triangular anal plate (ap) is located. The anus (a) is situated ventrad of the anal plate. The anal prolegs (a. pl), resemble in most details the prolegs of the fourth abdominal segment. However their size is a trifle larger and the relation of their connection with the ventral surface of the segment is somewhat different. The spiracle (s) of this segment may be seen in its usual position. B. Internal Anatomy. ADIPOSE TISSUE. On opening a larva, the first thing noted is the abundance of fat, or adipose tissue (Fig. 10). Adipose tissue, as seen throughout the body, is the white, flocculent, lobulated, ribbon- like material surrounding and adjacent to the various organs in the body cavity. This fat tissue is stored up for future meta- morphosis. Sections and mounts of adipose tissue stained with eosin show (Fig. 10) its oily nature. The large spherical, fat cells in their crowded, massed condition assume a polygonal form. Internally, the cells are filled with oily globules of fat and possess also a dark-staining, centrally located nucleus. To rid the larva of this fat, one needs carefully to rub and tease it loose. ALIMENTARY CANAL, Extending from the mouth to the anal opening of the larva, there is a long, straight, locally constricted tube, which in the abdominal region occupies the greater portion of the body cavity. This is the alimentary canal, or digestive tract. On opening a larva from the dorsal aspect (Fig. 7), the following structures may be observed :— Pharynx (Figs. 7, 8, and 18).—The pharynx () is the small- est part of the digestive tract and is located at the extreme 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 251 cephalic end within the head. It proceeds from the ventrally- located, mouth opening, dorsad and caudad till it enlarges into a region called the cesophagus. The more or less distinct flexure in the pharynx occurs for the most part caudad of the two head ganglia. The abruptness of this flexure depends in great part upon the position of the head. The pharynx as represented in the figures has been straightened. Arising from the pharynx are bundles of muscles that attach themselves to the head capsule. (Esophagus—As the pharynx begins to widen caudad of the flexure within the head, the cesophagus (0e) here begins and extends caudad to the ventriculus (ve), which is in the cephalic region of the metathorax. This trumpet-shaped piece has a finely, transversely striated ectal surface. Ventriculus —The ventriculus (ve), is a long, straight, large, transversely folded tube, which extends from the caudal end of the cesophagus to the caudal portion of the sixth abdominal segment. The transverse, folded, outer covering of the ven- triculus is divided into six areas by means of six fine, longitud- inal bands of muscles, which extend the full length of the ventriculus. The six bands have the following positions. One band is dorsal along the meson, one ventral along the meson, two dorso-lateral, and two ventro-lateral. Gastric Ceca.—Located at the dorso-cephalic end of the ventriculus, between the terminations of the muscle bands, there are four groups of small, white, rounded bodies (ce), the gastric ceca. Small Intestine.—Caudad of the smooth, slightly converging, caudal end of the ventriculus, there is a distinct constriction, which is immediately followed by a small ring-shaped area, the small intestine (s.7.) On the ectal surface of the small intestine, pits exist through which trachez and muscles fibres-enter. From the ventral aspect, two small bladders may be seen, which enter the small intestine at its latero-cephalic portions. Large Intestine—The smallest constriction in the caudal region of the alimentary tract, which is just caudad of the small intestine, is the beginning of the large intestine (J. 7.). Imme- diately following this middle constriction there is a flaring shoulder, which again becomes constricted caudad, but not to as great an extent as the constriction just described. Two more small, shoulder-like areas follow this constriction, the 252 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, anterior one being very slight. This constitutes the large intestine. The above shape and form holds true only when the intestine is completely empty and relaxed. Excreta within will cause the large intestine and rectum, which follows, to assume various shapes. Suspensory Muscle of the Large Intestine —These two muscles (s. m.) extend from the ventral side of the cephalic margin of the caudal enlargement of the large intestine to the latero- ventral portion of the transverse conjuctiva, between the sixth and seventh abdominal segments. These two cord-like muscles can be best seen from the ventral aspect. Rectum.—The rectum (re) is the caudal termination of the alimentary canal and occupies the caudal portion of the seventh abdominal segment and the entire portion of the eighth. The rectum is the largest in diameter of all the portions of the alimentary canal. On the dorsal surface of the rectum, there are located two prominent, longitudinal bands of muscles that converge at the cephalic end of the rectum and connect at their caudal end to the body wall. By means of the contraction of the rectum, the characteristic form is given to the excreta of lepidopterous larva. Trachee of the Alimentary Canal. (Fig. 7, t)—The tracheze of the oesophagus and pharynx are very small and their arrange- ment is difficult to trace. From the adjacent first six abdominal spiracles there is a fan-like arrangement of tracheal branches which enter the lateral, folded area of the ventriculus. These tracheee support the ventriculus and supply it profusely with air. Tracheze from the seventh abdominal segment lead to the large and small intestine and the cephalic area of the rectum. However, the rectum obtains most of its oxygen by means of the trachez coming from the eighth abdominal segment. URINARY SYSTEM. The urinary system (Figs. 7 and 9) of Protoparce carolina is composed of two bladders, right and left, and their respective tubules. Fig. 9 shows a bladder (6) and how it enters the anterior part of the small intestine on the ventro-lateral portion. It has been pulled out of its normal position in order to show the place of attachment of the bladder with the small intestine. It turns back on itself, as in Fig. 7, and thus conceals its place of entrance. Leading cephalad from the small, delicate, white 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 253 bladder, there is a common duct, which splits immediately and gives rise to two branches; one continues cephalad on the ventral side (v. m. t.), while the other passes dorsad and divides into two branches (d. m. t.), both of which proceed cephalad along the dorso-lateral part of the ventriculus. Tracing a ventral Malphigian tubule, we find that it extends cephalad in a nearly straight line, adjacent to the ventro-lateral portion of the ventriculus to the second abdominal segment. At this point it turns abruptly back and continues caudad and parallel with itself until it reaches approximately the seventh abdominal segment, where it becomes very convoluted and soon loses itself in the mass of convoluted, terminal, Malphigian tubules and adipose tissue. The pairs of dorsal tubules proceed cephalad and parallel into the second and third abdominal segments... The mesal tubule of the pair within the third abdominal seg- ment, turns mesad and caudad, while the lateral tubule turns laterad and caudad within the second abdominal segment. After turning, both tubules proceed caudad and parallel with their cephalad-extending portion until they reach the sixth abdominal segment, where they turn laterad and continue into the seventh abdominal segment soon to become highly convo- luted and intertwined with the ventral, terminal tubules and adipose tissue. The tubules are easily detected not only from their position, but from their form. They appear like long, white, knotted strings. The proximal portion of a tubule is more or less flattened and consists of scattered, white, globular nodules. Asa tubule proceeds distad, the nodules become more frequent until finally at the terminal part of a tubule, as it enters the seventh abdominal segment, the tubule consists of a series of closely packed, irregularly arranged nodules. It was impossible to determine the termination of a tubule on account of the intertwining of the tubules, their delicate consistence, and the ever present adipose tissue. SILK GLANDS. Running along each side of the lateral portions of the ven- triculus (Fig. 7, sg) and imbedded in the adipose tissue of the lateral body wall, are two opaque, smooth, yellowish-white cords. These two cords are the silk glands. They extend from the base of the spinneret on the labium into the seventh abdominal segment. The right and left silk glands of this larva 254 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, are practically of the same size thoughout their length. How- ever, the cephalic end from the metathoracic region to the point of attachment to the spinneret is much smaller and serves probably only as a conducting tube. These conducting tubes can be traced into the head until they reach the chitinous projections on the caudal margin of the head, around which they bend at right angles and unite on the meson. Farther than this the duct was not traced. As one traces, caudad from the metathoracic region, a silk gland proper, one sees the beginning of the coiled or rather convoluted portion of this organ. Within the fifth and sixth abdominal segments the convolutions are most abundant. The gland terminates in the mass of Mal- phigian tubules and adipose tissue within the seventh abdom- inal segment. SALIVARY GLANDS. The two salivary glands (Fig. 7, s/) appear as delicate, white, nodulated, twisted tubes on each side of the pharynx and cesophagus. They extend from the anterior portion of the head to the region of the metathorax and here end within a flattened mass of adipose tissue on the ventral wall of the thorax marking the line of division between the mesothorax and the metathorax. Tracing a gland into the head, it follows along the space between the muscles and the lateral margin of the pharynx to the margin of the tendon of the adductor muscle of the mandible, where it becomes much reduced in size. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. In the discussion of external anatomy, it was noted that there were nine spiracles, eight of which were abdominal and one thoracic. Opening a larva from the ventral side and removing the alimentary canal and a part of the adipose tissue, a system of more or less transparent, white, smooth tubes, similar to Fig. 11, reveals itself. To follow the trachez with most satisfactory results, one should open a freshly killed larva and immerse the same in water. In this case the tubes would be filled with air and appear as glistening, silver cords. Arising from each spiracle, there is an immense, bush-like mass of trachee, that branch into many fine tubes, which in most cases extend to the various parts, such as muscles, nerves, alimentary canal, legs, heart, etc., of the same body segment. This holds true of the abdominal segments only. All the bo Or Or 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva spiracles of each side open into the main, longitudinal trachea which extends between the spiracles and is amply long to allow for expansion of the body segments. A unique fact, to note in regard to these connecting trachez, is that each gives rise to small lateral branches varying from two to six or morein number. In examining specimens for transverse tracheal connections between spiracles of the same segment, none were found on the dorsal aspect except from the thoracic spiracle and the eighth abdominal spiracle. If other dorsal cross trachee exist, they must be very minute and delicate, for they were carefully sought. In the case of the eighth abdominal segment, only one minute dorsal cross trachea was found (Fig. 11), while in the prothoracic region, two distinct, cross tracheze were observed, the cephalic one being the larger and giving rise to two pairs of trachez, which proceed cephalad and ventrad into the — anterior portion of the head. The caudal cross trachea of the two gives rise to four or five minute pairs of trachee, which diverge in various directions. It should be mentioned, that the tracheal system varied considerably in minor details in different specimens. Looking on the ventral aspect for cross trachee, it was found that a small cross trachea existed near each ganglion of the nervous system (Fig. 13) except the supra- oesophageal ganglion, which is located dorsad and cephalad of the pharynx. ‘The cross trachez adjacent to the metathoracic and mesothoracic ganglia seemed to originate from branches of the connecting trachez between the first and second spiracles of the body. In all cases, with one exception, the cross tracheze lie ventrad of the nerve cord and in the abdominal region caudad of the ganglia. The one exception is the cross trachea that lies adjacent to the suboesophageal ganglion. In this case the trachea is dorsad of the commissure (H. 2g.). Each cross trachea on the ventral aspect gives rise to a pair of trachez that supplies the adjacent ganglion. MUSCULAR SYSTEM. In the gross treatment of the muscular system (Fig. 12) of this larva only the more prominent bands of muscles will be mentioned. The muscular system of the larva is segmentally arranged. The muscle fibres are confined in their extent to a single segment and furthermore the muscular arrangement is similar in each segment on the whole. This is especially true a 256 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, with the abdominal segments. Consequently the description of a single segment will answer as a type of all the segments. The muscles of the thorax are more complex, due to the muscles of the legs. Great Dorso-Recti Muscles (g. d-r.m.).—The broad area of white, opaque muscles lying to the right and left of the heart are the great dorso-recti muscles. Upon a superficial examination of the ends of the muscles at the conjunctiva, one might be led to think that the muscles were continuous, except for a slight depression. But as a matter of fact, they are contiguous and separated by a narrow, hyaline, cuticular line at the point of the depression. These particular muscles attach themselves to the cephalic side of the transverse conjunctiva. Small Dorso-Recti Muscles (s. d-r. m.).—Laterad of the lateral margin of the great dorso-recti muscles, the small dorso- recti muscles are located. This band of muscles consists of three to five small fibres that are fastened to the caudal margin of the transverse conjunctiva. Laterad of this bundle of muscles an area exists, which is free of longitudinal muscles but contains the spiracles and their accompanying trachee. Great Ventro-Rectt Muscles (g. v-r. m.). If the larvais spread out as in Fig. 12, the large band of muscles laterad of the free area consists of the great ventro-recti muscles. This group is ventrad of the spiracles. These muscles attach themselves to the cephalic aspect of the transverse conjunctiva. Small Ventro-Recti Muscles (s. v-r. m.).—These muscles are located mesad of the great ventro-recti muscles along the ventral area of the larva adjacent to the nervous system. They are attached to the caudal side of the transverse conjunctiva. All these muscles are supplied by trachee. Dorso-Ventral Muscles (d. v. m.).—The dorso-ventral muscles are the two groups of short muscles that extend dorso-ventrad across the free area existing between the great ventro-recti muscles and the small dorso-recti muscles, one group at the cephalic end of the segment and the other at the caudal end. Two fibres, the cephalic group, cross immediately cephalad of the spiracle and mesad of the longitudinal trachea between the abdominal spiracles and mesad of the small dorso-recti muscles. The other remaining fibres disappear dorsally in the cephalic part of the segment as the two already described fibres but ventrally they cross at an angle the transverse conjunctiva 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 257 and disappear from view in the extreme caudal part of the preceding abdominal segment. Other muscles besides those thus far discussed are present in each body segment. By care- fully lifting the longitudinal fibres, one finds other bands of muscles running at an angle to those named above. This is indicated in Fig. 12, (x), where in the caudo-dorsal angle of the free part about the spiracles in each segment one sees the ends of such diagonal bands. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Dorsad of the alimentary canal is a long slender tube (Fig. 12) embedded to some depth in a mesal cavity of adipose tissue between the right and left bands of the great dorso-recti muscles. This tube, which comprises the whole of the enclosed circulatory system, extends from the eighth abdominal segment to and within the head. The enlarged part of this tube, extending from the eighth abdominal segment into the meta- thoracic region, is the pulsating organ, the heart. Heart.—The heart (h) is a very delicate, flattened, muscular tube closed at the caudal end and presumably opening in each segment by a system of valves. Owing to the lack of fresh and living material the valves of the heart were not studied. After injecting some colored fluid into fresh specimens, the valves should readily show themselves. Wings of the Heart.—Within the area of the first to the fifth abdominal segments, four pairs of laterally extending fan-like rays of tendons (w. h.) are seen. The tendons extend from the ventro-lateral edges of the heart and converge at the point where the three anterior dorso-ventral muscles penetrate between the great dorso-recti muscles and the small dorso-recti muscles. The wings are composed of connective tissue and muscle fibres, connecting themselves to the body wall beneath the small dorso-recti muscles. The function of the wings of the heart is probably to protect the heart from the peristaltic move- ments of the alimentary canal. Between successive fans the heart proper is distinctly constricted. In these regions without much doubt the valves of the heart are located. The caudal part of the heart, extending from the midportion of the fifth abdominal segment to the caudal end, is supported by scattered, irregularly arranged tendons on the ventral surface, that attach themselves to the nearby body wall. 258 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Aorta.—The cephalic extension of the heart, the aorta (ao), starting within the metathoracic region and passing into the head, is a much smaller and smoother muscular tube. It runs close to the dorsal surface of the cesophagus and the pharynx and finally terminates with a slight dilation after it has passed beneath the supra-cesophageal ganglion (Fig. 8 and 18). This location of the outlet allows a constant and abundant supply of fresh blood within the head region. The mouth-like opening of the aorta is held in its characteristic position by means of tendons that connect themselves to the head capsule (Fig. 8). The heart, like the other organs of the body, is well supplied with air tubes. The arrangement of the heart-tracheze is shown in the fifth abdominal segment (Fig. 12). REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. After examining numerous specimens for gonads, two white, opaque, ovate bodies (Fig. 12, 7) were found on each side adja- cent to the heart in the fifth abdominal segment. Difficulty was experienced in locating these organs on account of their close similarity to adipose tissue and their being embedded in the same. It was impossible to determine the sex of the glands on account of the limited material at hand. From the fifth abdominal spiracle, trachez arise that supply the reproductive organs. WING BUDS. The wing buds (f. 0. and h. 6.) are the histoblasts, imaginal discs, or imaginal buds of the future wings of the adult insect. They are formed as invaginations of the hypodermis, to which they are attached. They are small, kidney-shaped bodies located in the dorso-lateral portions of the mesothorax and metathorax. If a larva is cut along the ventral meson, the wing buds will be seen about midway between the meson and the outer cut body wall. Two trachez enter the wing buds at their base, one into the caudal portion and the other into the cephalic portion. NERVOUS SYSTEM. The nervous system (Fig. 13) of Protoparce carolina consists of a long, white cord, knotted at segmental intervals, which extends for the most part along the meso-ventral portion of the body. This ventrally located, simple nervous system is made up of three parts: ganglia, commissures, and nerves. .The 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 259 enlarged, oval knots, found in each segment of the body, are the ganglia. Only one ganglion exists in each body segment outside of the head and the seventh and eighth abdominal segments. The cords running between the ganglia, which in some cases are double or partially so, are the commissures. The nerves are the branches of various sizes extending from each ganglion and in some cases from the commissures. These fine threads permeate all parts of the body. The nervous system will be discussed under the following divisions: Abdominal Ganglia, Thoracic Ganglia, Head Ganglia, and Sympathetic Systems of the Head. ABDOMINAL GANGLIA (Fig. 14 and 15).—The abdominal gan- glia are the simplest in type. The distinct similarity between the first six abdominal ganglia makes it possible for one descrip- tion to answer for all. The seventh and eighth abdominal ganglia will be discussed under a separate heading. First Six Abdominal Ganglia (Fig. 15, A. 1g).—The first six abdominal ganglia are located in the middle or cephalic part of each abdominal segment and consist of the following parts :— Lateral Nerves —The lateral nerves (/) are the two branches, which arise from the cephalic part of the lateral margins of the ganglia and innervate the latero-dorsal portion of the body. Ventral Nerves——Directly caudad and slightly ventrad of the lateral nerves, the ventral nerves (v) arise and extend caudo-laterad to innervate the ventral area of the body segments Near the point of entrance of the ventral nerves, a pair of small nerve-like trachez enter the ganglia. These two trachez, one on each side, are derived from the transverse trachez located in each abdominal segment ventrad of the nerve cord. The trachez can be distinguished from the nerves by staining with Delafield’s hematoxylin as heretofore advocated. A stained trachea is more deeply colored than a nerve and also shows its distinct ringed nature on high magnification. Ventral Sympathetic System (Fig. 15, m. and ¢t. n.)—Extend- ing between the ganglia there is a single, large, white cord, the commissure. Just before.the commissure enters the cephalic end of a ganglion, it divides into two cords or is furrowed on the dorsal surface. The ventral sympathetic nerves arise from the cephalic end of this fork. With some of the ganglia, this forking or splitting of the commissure is not very great but can in each case be detected. 260 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Median and Transverse Nerves—The median nerve (m) arises from the commissure at the cephalic end of this inverted V-shaped split and extends caudad for a short distance. At its caudal end near the ganglion, it forks and gives rise to two transverse nerves (¢. 1.), that extend in opposite lateral direc- tions and more or less parallel with the lateral nerves. In the short distance in which the transverse and lateral nerves are parallel, the transverse nerves give rise to a web of nerve fibres (px), which connect with the lateral nerves and the ganglion. Beyond this web or plexus, the transverse nerves diverge from the lateral nerves in a cephalo-lateral direction. Ganglia Seventh Abdominal Segment. (Fig. 14, A. 7 and 8 g). —Within the seventh abdominal segment, is a double ganglion, or rather two ganglia, but no visible commissure connects the two because of the close approximation of the ganglia. This modification brings about a change in the nerves. Seventh Abdominal Ganglion.—The seventh abdominal gan- glion is comparable to the ganglia of the first six abdominal segments. It gives rise to nerves arranged in the same manner and does not need further description. Eighth Abdominal Ganglion.—The elimination of the com- missure between the seventh and eighth ganglia has not only brought the ganglia together but has lengthened as well as changed the place of origin of the nerves from the ganglion. Lateral Nerves——The comparatively large lateral nerves (/) arise not from the lateral margin of the ganglion but from its dorso-caudal end and extend with a slight divergence far into the eighth abdominal segment before branching. Ventral Nerves.—Ventrad and slightly laterad of the lateral nerves, there arises a small pair of ventral nerves (v), which also extend into the eighth abdominal segment before branching. Adjacent to these ventral nerves the accompanying trachee, which resemble nerves closely enter the ganglion. The ventral trachea of the eighth abdominal segment, however, still exists in its normal position within the eighth segment. This elongates to a great extent the pair of trachez that arise from it to supply the eighth abdominal ganglion. Ventral Sympathetic System (Fig. 14, m. and ¢t. n.).—The fusing of the seventh and eighth abdominal ganglia causes the sympathetic system apparently to arise from the dorso-caudal end of the seventh abdominal ganglion. 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 261 Median and Transverse Nerves.—The median nerve (m) arises from the mid-dorsal area of the double ganglion. It is very short. On teasing apart the two ganglia, the median nerve remains attached to the caudal end of the seventh abdominal segment. It immediately gives rise to its pair of transverse nerves (¢. .), which extend caudo-laterad into the eighth abdominal segment more or less parallel to and laterad of the pair of lateral nerves. However, no plexus exists between the transverse and lateral nerves of this ganglion, as was noted in the other segments. THORACIC GANGLIA (Fig, 17, > le and 7. 29 Fig: 16, T. 3g).—The thoracic ganglia are three in number, the meso- thoracic and metathoracic ganglia are similar in form. Mesothoracic and Metathoracic Ganglia (T. 2g and T. 3¢g).— The mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia are slightly larger than the abdominal ganglia and are not as far apart. Extending from the caudal ends of all the thoracic ganglia, there is a large commissure (Fig. 17) which, in case of the prothoracic and mesothoracic, proceeds but a short distance and then forks and forms the diamond-shaped area in which the ventral sympa- thetic nerves are located. In both cases, the diamond-shaped area between the metathoracic and mesothoracic and between the mesothoracic and prothoracic ganglia occupies about two-thirds of the distance between the ganglia. Lateral Nerves——The lateral nerves (/) proceed from the gangha at their latero-cephalic part and are adjacent to the lateral edges of the commissures. The lateral nerves extend in a latero-cephalic direction. Connective Nerves—The connective nerves (c. n.) arise from the lateral edges of the commissure and extend in a caudal direction. In the case of the diamond-shaped area between the mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia, the connective nerves arise midway between the anterior and posterior angles of the diamond. While, with the diamond-shaped area between the prothoracic and mesothoracic ganglia, the commissure gives rise to its connective nerves very much nearer the mesothoracic ganglion than to the anterior end of the opening. The con- nective nerves proceed a short distance caudad, then turn laterad and somewhat cephalad, and soon fuse with the lateral nerves laterad of their connection with the commissure. Before fusing with the lateral nerves, the connective nerves give rise 262 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, to a branch that extends cephalad and somewhat parallel with the lateral nerves. This branch soon forks, one branch extends laterad across the lateral nerve, the other branch cephalo- laterad and parallel with the lateral nerve. Ventral Nerves ——In the mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia, the ventral nerves (v) arise from the lateral margin of each ganglion in a plane ventrad of the lateral nerves. The metathoracic, ventral nerves extend cephalo-laterad, while the ventral nerves of the mesothoracic ganglion project directly laterad. In both cases the ventral nerves innervate the ventral portion of the body. At the point of entrance of the ventral nerves, one finds the usual trachee that supply the ganglion with air. Ventral Sympathetic System (Fig. 16, T. 3g, Fig. 17, T. 2g.)— With the mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia, the ventral sympathetic system consists of a median nerve and transverse nerves. Median and Transverse Nerves——The median nerves (m) arise from the commissure in the cephalic angle of the diamond- shaped areas and in both cases are of considerable length before the fork. The mesothoracic median nerve is longer than the metathoracic median nerve. In both cases the transverse nerves (¢. 2.), after arising from the caudal end of the median nerve, proceed in such a direction as to cross the commissure at the point near where the connective nerves arise. After cross- ing the commissure, they tend to take, as usual a course parallel to the lateral nerves. The web or plexus (fx) of nerves in these two ganglia is very distinct; this is especially true in the metathoracic ganglion. The plexus occurs principally in the triangular area between the commissures, the lateral nerves, the transverse, and the connective nerves. In Fig. 17 (7. 1g, T. 2g), one may note a dark line drawn from the median portion of the prothoracic ganglion caudad. The true connection and relation of this nerve-like thread was not determined. PROTHORACIC GANGLION (Fig. 17, J. 1g).—The prothoracic ganglion is very similar in form and in the arrangement of its nerves to the abdominal ganglia. As heretofore mentioned, the commissure, which projects caudad from the prothoracic ganglion, is simple and large. The ganglion cephalad of the prothoracic ganglion is the subcesophageal ganglion and is located only a very short distance from the prothoracic ganglion. 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 263 The commissure extending between these two ganglia fail to unite before entering the caudal end of the subcesophageal ganglia; consequently the two ganglia are connected by two distinct parallel strands. Lateral Nerves——The lateral nerves (/) are the two branches which arise from the cephalic part of the lateral margins of the ganglion. These nerves soon divide into many small branches and innervate the lateral areas of the prothorax. Ventral Nerves——The ventral nerves (v) project from the caudo-lateral margin and are accompanied by the usual pair of trachee. In this ganglion however, the ventral nerve of each side is not single but is composed of two small branches. Ventral Sympathetic System.—With the prothoracic gan- glion, the customary median and transverse nerves are wanting but the following new arrangement exists :— Subconnective Nerve (Fig. 17, T. 1g).—Dorsad and cephalad of the prothoracic ganglion, the large subconnective nerves (sn) exist, which cross the commissure. Within the region adjacent to the ganglion, a plexus or web of nerves (px) extends between the subconnective nerve, the ganglion, and the prox- imal ends of the lateral nerves. GANGLIA OF THE HEapD (Fig. 17, H. 1g and H. 2g, Fig. 18).— In the alimentary tract as it extends to the mouth by means of the pharynx, there is to be noted a distinct flexure in the head. The two head-ganglia are located slightly distad of this flexure. The corresponding flexure in the nervous system is located between the subcesophageal and prothoracic ganglia. The two head-ganglia rest on the pharynx but on opposite sides (Fig. 18). The more distal ganglion, the supracesophageal (sp), is cephalad of the pharynx and entad of the front of the head capsule. The subcesophageal ganglion (sz) is caudad of the pharynx and connected to the supracesophageal by means of two commis- sures, which together with the two ganglia form a complete ring about the pharynx. Suboesophageal Ganglion (Fig. 17 and 18, sw).—The sub- cesophageal ganglion is located caudad of the pharynx and ina plane ventrad of the supracesophageal. It gives rise to the following nerves :— Crura Cerebrt.—The crura cerebri (c. c.) arise from the cephalo-ventral portion of the lateral margin of the suboeso- phageal ganglion very close to the pharynx. This pair of large 264 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, cords arising from the lateral margins help to complete the circle about the pharynx by connecting themselves to the latero- caudal portions of the supracesophageal ganglion. Mandibular Nerves —Adjacent to the crura cerebri and extending in a caudo-mesal direction, there arises a pair of nerves (md. 1b. n.), which are of approximately the same size as the crura cerebri. These nerves extend ventrad and divide into two nerves of unequal size; the larger nerve (md. n.) proceeds cephalad and ventrad and innervates the mandible. Labial Nerves.—The labial nerves (/b. 1.) arise from the mesal side of the mandibular-labia! nerve (md. 1b. n.). They extend ventro-caudad and innervate the labium. Maxillary Nerves —Caudad and adjacent to the mandibular nerves, the maxillary nerves (mx. n.) arise. They are smaller and soon branch and innervate the manxille. Unidentified Nerves —Caudad and slightly dorsad of the maxillary nerves, there arises on each side a nerve of consider- ble size (gz), which extends laterad into the muscles of the head toward the salivary ducts but I have been unable to determine what they innervate. Ventral Nerves —From the mid-lateral area of the ganglion, the ventral nerves (v) project accompanied by their accustomary tracheee. In this ganglion a light stain brings out very success- fully the branches of the trachez (¢) as they radiate over the surface of the ganglion. The ventral nerves in this case project dorso-caudad into the caudal part of the head. Supraesophageal Ganglion (Fig. 17 and 18, sp).—The supracesophageal ganglion (sp) is the largest ganglion of the nervous system and is located on the cephalic surface of the pharynx. The transverse diameter of the ganglion is about twice that of the ventro-dorsal diameter. The ganglion is constricted along the meson into two lobes. The following nerves arise from this ganglion :— Crura Cerebri—The two large crura cerebri (c. c.) that proceed from the subcesophageal ganglion in a dorso-cephalic direction, connect with the supracesophageal ganglion on the latero-dorsal margins. The two trunks are comparable to the commissures that extend between the ganglia 1n other regions of the body. Just dorsad of where the crura cerebri arise from the supracesophageal ganglion, a large trachea enters the ganglion on each side of the head. These trachez, a short distance from 1912] Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 265 the ganglion, fork, one branch extending ventrad and the other more or less dorsad. These particular tracheze arise from branches that lead into the head from the spiracle located in the prothorax. Subesophageal Commissures—The subcesophageal commis- sures (s. c.) are the branches that arise from the ventral side of the crura cerebri near the supracesophageal ganglion. These two branches encircle the pharynx. On the caudal part of this semicircle two small branches occur which extend dorsad and innervate the large muscle fibres of the pharynx. These semi- circular nerves have received the name of commissures, but a comparison with other ganglia shows that they are not the true commissures. The crura cerebri should be called the commis- sures. It is probable that the so-called subcesophageal com- missures are nothing more than connective nerves that have united to form a semicircle about the pharynx. The following nerves arise from the supracesophageal ganglion :— Optic Nerves —The small optic nerves (0. 1.) arise the most cephalad of any of the nerves from the supracesophageal ganglion and without branching extend to the groups of ocelli on each side of the head where they break up into small branches and supply each ocellus. Antennal Nerves —The antennal nerves (at. n.) are of about the same size as the optic nerves and arise from the ganglion caudad of and adjacent to the optic nerves, and extend cephalad and ventrad. Not far from the ganglion, they fork and form two branches, one of which innervates the area at the base of the antenna and the other the antenna itself. Clypeo-Labral Nerves—The pair of clypeo-labral nerves (cl. Ir. n.) are the most caudal pair of the nerves arising from this region of the supracesophageal ganglion. Each clypeo-. labral nerve gives rise to several cephalo-mesal extending nerves and one caudo-lateral branch. The latter branch, arises from the clypeo-labral nerve in a plane slightly ventrad of the frontal ganglion and terminates in an enlarged ganglion-like structure on the labral aspect of the pharynx. This ganglion-like struc- ture gives rise to several small nerves. The first cephalo-mesal branch from the clypeo-labral nerve is very short and arises in a plane slightly dorsad of the frontal ganglion. The succeeding or second cephalo-mesal nerve from the clypeo-labral nerve connects with the Y-shaped branch given off from the frontal 266 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, ganglion. In different specimens examined variations often occurred in respect to the exact origin of these nerves. For example, it was found that in some cases this second cephalo- mesal nerve arose at times ventrad of the caudo-lateral branch, while in the majority of cases it arose from the clypeo-labral nerve dorsad of the caudo-lateral branch. Further ventrad on the clypeo-labral nerves two or three other cephalo-mesal nerves project and innervate the cephalic area of the pharynx. SYMPATHETIC SYSTEMS OF THE HEAD (Fig. 17 and 18).— Two sympathetic systems exist in connection with the supra- cespohageal ganglion. The vagus system is an unpaired system while the sympathetic system located laterad and dorsad of the pharynx is paired. Vagus or Unpaired Sympathetic System (Fig. 17 and 18).— The vagus system originates from the ventro-lateral part of the supracesophageal ganglion near the clypeo-labral nerve and consists of the following parts:— Arched Nerves.—The pair of arched nerves (a7) is one of the pairs of nerves which arise from the ventro-lateral area of the supracesophageal ganglion and project ventrad on each side of the head adjacent to and somewhat cephalad of the clypeo- labral pair of nerves. They extend a short distance ventrad in a curved line then turn mesad and unite on the meson ventrad of the supracesophageal ganglion and form a small ganglion. Frontal Ganglion.—The enlarged, fused, mesal part of the arched nerves is the frontal ganglion (f. g.). It rests on the pharynx and is located caudad beneath the mouth-like opening of the aorta (Fig. 8). Nerves entrad and dorsad extending arise from this ganglion. Frontal Nerve-—The nerve extending ventrad from the frontal ganglion is the frontal nerve (f.7.). It is very short and soon divides into two branches which proceed latero-ventrad for a short distance and then turn directly ventrad. At the point where they turn ventrad, the second cephalo-mesal branch arising from the clypeo-labral nerve fuses with them. Recurrent Nerve.—The nerve extending dorsad on the meson from the frontal ganglion is the recurrent nerve (7. n.). It extends in its dorso-caudal course between the aorta and the pharynx and cesophagus (Figs. 8 and 18). As it continues its course between these organs, it follows the flexure of the pharynx so that it extends caudad as well as dorsad. In its course along 1912] © Anatomy of Tomato-worm Larva 267 the cephalic and dorsal surface of the pharynx and oesophagus, it gives rise to paired and unpaired laterad extending branches which innervate the cephalic and dorsal parts of the pharynx and cesophagus respectively and probably also the aorta. As the recurrent nerve approaches the caudal end of the cesopha- gus, it divides into two branches, which pass around the side of the cesophagus. Vagus Ganglion (Fig. 7, v. g.).—At the point of the forking of the recurrent nerve near the ventriculus, a minute ganglion exists, the vagus ganglion (v. g.). Stomogastric Nerves (Fig. 7, st.) —The branches that proceed from the vagus ganglion on each side are the stomogastric nerves (st). These nerves curve laterad around the oesophagus _ and innervate its caudal portion. Paired Sympathetic System (Fig. 17 and 18).—On each side of the pharynx dorsad of the supracesophageal ganglion, a sympathetic system exists, composed of two distinct nerves and two ganglia. Lateral Nerve.—Just dorsad and slightly mesad of the large trachea that enters the supracespohageal ganglion is the point of origin of the very small lateral nerve (J). This nerve con- tinues dorsad and slightly caudad till it ends in an enlarged, irregular, ovate-shaped ganglion on the lateral aspect of the pharynx cephalad of the subcesophageal ganglion. Running parallel with this nerve is a minute treachea which resembles a nerve very closely and is easily mistaken for one. This trachea is not indicated in Fig. 18. Often the lateral nerve, before entering the anterior, lateral ganglion, gives rise to a small branch which either connects directly with the ganglion or with the fronto-lateral nerve. Anterior Lateral Ganglion.—The ganglion in which the lat- eral nerve ends, is the anterior lateral ganglion (a. /. g.). This ganglion gives rise on its caudal and cephalic ends to two or three nerves of various sizes which extend caudad between the muscles of the pharynx. On its dorsal margin, it gives rise toa lateral commissure (/. c.) which connects with the posterior lat- eral ganglion. Fronto-Lateral Nerve -—The fronto-lateral nerve (f. /.) arises from the cephalic end of the anterior lateral ganglion adjacent to and cephalad of the point where the lateral nerve enters. The fronto-lateral nerve continues ventrad to the caudo-lateral 268 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, aspect of the supracesophageal ganglion and connects with the ganglion by means of a short stub and then continues ventrad into the head for a considerable distance. Lateral Commissure.—The lateral commissure (J. c.) is a short nerve that arises from the middle of the dorsal surface of the anterior lateral ganglion and unites with a larger ganglion dorsad and caudad of the anterior lateral ganglion. This commissure gives rise to a nerve which extends ventrad. Posterior Lateral Ganglion—The posterior lateral ganglion (p. 1. g). is larger than the anterior lateral ganglion and is located dorsad and somewhat caudad of it. It likewise gives rise to several nerves at its caudal and cephalic ends. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XIX. Fig. 1. Lateral aspect of an entire larva of Protoparce carolina. Fig. 2.. Cephalic aspect of the head. Fig. 3. Ventral aspect of the head. Fig. 4. Ventral aspect of an abdominal proleg. Fig. 5. Cephalic aspect of a thoracic leg. Fig. 6. Spiracle, enlarged. Fig. 7. Poretwine withithreelclosed cubitalicells® Rasssaes ee eee Triscolia. 2. Pore wins withetwo closed: cilbitalacellS taser areca Scolia. 3. 2. Black; abdominal segments beyond the second, reddish brown; wings with slight greenish reflection................-...- T. fervida Burm. (315) Entirely reddish brown; wings with a strong green metallic reflection... T. badia Sauss. (314) 3. » Body entirely! without color markings .'~. [993.15 aerial ne ere eee 4, Body not entirely withouticolor markings ieb scr 9. hanes eee ceoe ee 6. 4. Second abdominal segment more or less tubercular beneath............... 5. Second abdominal segment not more or less tubercular beneath........ S. monticola Cam. (330) 5. Body entirely black, hairy and densely punctured. Wings dark fuliginous. A darker area along the costal border....... S. guttata azteca Sauss.. (3826) Body entirely dark brown, smooth and shining; wings light fuliginous PAIR OU PIOUS nt <5 ire ical ote oie are eee S. cubensis n. sp. (818) 62 =Bodyawithsyellow markings s. crassa eer cere ee een etc een cee eee eee is Body without yellow. markings, head and thorax black, segments of the abdomen beyond the second, ferruginous..S. dubia hematodes Burm. (320) Second abdominal segment more or less tuberculate beneath............. 8. Second abdominal segment not more or less tuberculate beneath......... 9: 8. Wings with metallic color reflections, blue and purple, larger hind tibial spur less than one-half the length of the first tarsal joint..... S. guttata guttata n. subsp. (325) Wings without metallic reflections, shiny brown, length of the longest hind tibial spur about one-half the length of the first tarsal joint.... S. fuscipennis n. sp. (324) ~ 1912] North American Scoluine 313 OM Vecntemortierabaomen allpolackwapruetaet Ginstneoiracs At sree tae ol swan 10 Venter of the abdomen ferruginous or partly so.:....,................... 11 10. Head all black, body covered with black hair. Free edge of the clypeus ABRe MM AT UCUIVC son. s oy AUN re ee Tae eectelel sslare eis S. bicincta Fabr. (316) Head with yellow marks behind the eyes, body covered with grey hair. Free edge of the clypeus very near a straight line with the lateral edges meeting this edge close to the perpendicular. S. vintschgaui D. T. (336) 11. Thorax all black, dorsum of third abdominal segment has two oval VCMlOMESHOUSK:...,0 5.2: Soneetarta ittberereer Rima eleryre ai: S. dubia dubia Say. (319) us oraxeta Ol aul sinlaic lc: « eae S. flavocostalis Cress. (321) 18. Top of head behind the lower ocellus and body color of the thorax a Clare e IN peers sn (aeoeicy fe oie eee | whe ai ae sits S. lecontei Cress. (329) Top of head behind the lower ocellus and body color of the thorax RET AACT INO LI Ste tert, tape ey ere tan cuctauntyonaet ag ception oe S. ridingsii Cress. (834) DESCRIPTIONS. The lists of references to these insects given by Saussure and Sichel and especially by Dalla Torre are so full that it has not seemed necessary to copy them here. It has therefore been my intention only to make the American references complete by publishing any that were not in Dalla Torre’s Catalogue: Genus Triscolia. Saussure and Sichel. Genus Triscolia. SAUSSURE and SICHEL, Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia, 1864, p. 14. Generic characters: Three closed cubital cells. Type: Scolia flavifrons Fab. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Ascoli GUERIN, Duperry, Voy. Coquille, Zool. II, 2, 1830, p. 247. Triscolia Sauss. and SICHEL, Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia, 1864, p. 14. (subgenus). Scolia BinGHaAM, Fauna. Brit. India, Hymen., Vol. I, 1897. Scolia ASHMEAD, Synopsis, Can. Ent., 1903, p. 7, (subgenus). Ascoli ScurottKy, Deutsch, Ent. Zeitschr., 1910, Heft. II, p. 196. 314 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Triscolia badia (Saussure). Scolia badia SAuSS. Am. Soc. Entom. France (4), III, 18638, p. 17 2 @. The location of the type is unknown to the writer. Saussure and Sichel have recorded the female of this species as 31 mm. in length and the male as 18 mm. in length. The specimens that the writer has personally examined vary, the females ranging from 22 to 26 inches in length. Only one male was examined. It measured 19 mm. in length. The body of the species is reddish brown except for a few parts which are black or have black markings. The wings are uniformly fuliginous with metallic reflections, green at some angles, blue at others and pur- plish at others. The nervures are dull black. This species is one of the largest found in the group. The specimens which the writer has examined agree well with Saussure’s description of the species and also with a good illustration published in Saussure and Sichel’s Catalogue, plate IX, except for a few details. In the female the antenna, except more or less of the scape, is black as is also the end and more or less of the margin of the mandible. The small inner plate at the base of the fore wings behind the tegula is also black. In addition a number of the thoracic sclerites frequently show a slight tendency toward blackish at their margins and this also is the case with the lateral and hinder margins of the last ventral abdom- inal plate. The tips of the claws are also nearly black. The coarse hairs clothing the body are orange yellow, lighter than the color of the plate from which they arise. In the male the antennz are entirely black except the underside of the scape which is dull ferruginous. The head from the insertion of the antennee upward is black except for the emargination of the eyes and a narrow light band behind the eyes which widens below. The tips and inner and outer margins of the mandibles are dark reddish brown. The. mesonotum is black except at its extreme lateral margins. The anterior face of the propleuron is also dark tending toward black and the bases of the femora each have a more or less blackening. The posterior plate at the base of the fore wing behind the tegule and the three spines at the base of the abdomen are also black. Saussure and Sichel record this species as from Lower California. The specimens which the writer has examined are also labelled Lower California. This is the only species occurring in the territory covered by this paper in which the body is practically all ferruginous. 1912] North American Scoliine 315 Triscolia fervida (Burmeister). Scolia fervida Burm., Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle, I, p. 4, 1853, p. 20, n. 12 9 Am.: Texas, Mexico. The location of the type is unknown to the writer. Burmeister has recorded this insect as from 14 to 16 lines long, while Saussure and Sichel have recorded the length as from 35 to 40 mm. The females which the writer has examined vary in size from 20 to 28 mm. in length and the males from 15 to 21 mm. The body of this species is black except the segments of the abdomen behind the second. These are dark reddish brown with very little variation. The wings are uniformly fuliginous with intense metallic reflections, green at some angles, deep blue at some and purplish at others. The nervures are black. This species is one of the largest in this subfamily. The typical examples are described by Burmeister as all black except the part of the abdomen beyond the second segment which he describes as red, red brown, or rufous. Saussure and Sichel describe a variation in which the posterior part of the second segment is also rufous. The specimens that the writer has personally examined agree quite well with Burmeister’s typical description and also agree with a good figure published in Vol. II of Cameron’s Biologia, plate 12, figure 17, except that the posterior part of the second segment was always reddish brown or rufous, more evident on its under surface, and the parts described as black by Burmeister have a slight tendency when observed under the lens toward a rufous tinge. The edge of the clypeus, emargin- ation of the eyes, edges of the mandibles, the legs especially the end segments and the spines are usually quite rufous. The edges of the segments of the abdomen described as rufous have a tendency toward darker, sometimes blackish coloring. Burmeister records the habitat of this species as Mexico: Saussure and Sichel as: Mexico and Texas. The writer has seen specimens from Mexico, Arizona, Texas and New Mexico. Genus Scolia Fabricius. Scolia FaB., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 355, n. 11. Generic character: Two closed cubital cells. Type: Scolia quadripunctata Fab. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Scolia Fas., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 355, n. 11. Scolia LatR., Considerations generales sur l’ordre Naturael des Crustaces, Arachnides et Insects, 1810. Lacost GUERIN, Duperry, Voy. Coquille, Zool. II, 1830, p. 246. Discolia SAUSSURE and SICHEL, Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia, 1864, p. 14 (subgenus). Lacost ScuHrotrkKy, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1910, Heft. II, p. 196. 316 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Scolia bicincta Fabricius. Scolia bicincta FaB., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 356, n. 6. Location of the type not known to the writer. Saussure and Sichel have recorded size for the species as ranging between 20 and 25 mm. in length. In the specimens that the writer has personally examined the females range between 15 and 18 mm. in length and the males between 12 and 16 mm. The body of this species is black except for yellowish white markings on the abdomen varying somewhat in different specimens. The wings are uniformly fuliginous with metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purplish at others. The nervures are black. This is a medium sized species. The typical examples of this species are described by Fabricius as being black with two broad ferruginous bands at the base of the second and third segments of the abdomen. There are variations from this however. Burmeister in his work describes the spots as yellowish white instead of ferruginous and describes a specimen which has white markings on the first segment of the abdomen and the band on the third segment broken into spots. Saussure and Sichel in their catalogue describe several specimens differing from the typical form. One of these has a yellowish white spot on the first abdominal segment, another has the bands interrupted forming spots and another has a yellowish band on the first segment and two yellowish white spots on the ventral part of the second segment. The specimens that the writer has personally examined agree quite well with Fabricius’ description except a few specimens which have the usual bands interrupted, forming spots; a few which have a narrow band of yellowish white across the dorsum of the first abdominal segment, others which have a small yellowish white mark on the postscutellum and some which have two oval spots on the ventral part of the second abdominal segment and two very small yellowish white marks on the dorsum of the fourth segment. This species is recorded by Saussure and Sichel from boreal America. The writer has seen specimens that were collected from points that show its distribution in the United States from Texas to Massachusetts. Probably it does not occur much farther north than the latter state. The Insect Book by L. O. Howard (plate I, No. 3), gives a good illustration of this species. 1912] North American Scoliine ole, Scolia consors Saussure. Scolia consors Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4), III, 1863, p. 18, # Scolia amena. CRESSON, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., IV, 1865, p. 447, No. 3. 7 The type of amena is at the American Entomological Society rooms at Philadelphia. Cresson describes the species as follows: ““Scolia amoena, n. sp. “Black; orbits, two spots on prothorax, postscutellum, two large marks on third segment.of abdomen, a broad band on the fourth and a narrow line on the fifth, yellow; most of legs, sides of first and second abdominal segments and most of the venter dull rufous; wings sub- hyaline, the costa fuscous. *“Male.—Black, clothed with short pale pubescence, rather sparsely punctured; orbits, narrow behind, yellowish, indistinct; mandibles rufous at base, antennze as long as the head and thorax, entirely dull black. Thorax: two small triangular spots on the prothorax in front, and a transverse line on the postscutellum, yellowish; metathorax immaculate, very abrupt behind and concave; tegule piceous. Wings ‘subhyaline, the costa broadly fuscous. Legs piceous, with palish pubescence; all the femora more or less rufous. Abdomen robust, black, sparsely punctured, shining, somewhat iridescent; sides of the first and second dorsal segments and the whole of the second ventral, rufous; two large, irregular, almost confluent, yellow marks on the fourth ‘segment above; a broad, yellow band on the fourth segment, scalloped anteriorly, and on the fifth segment a narrow transverse yellow line; apical segment piceous, with three very short, subacute teeth. Length 7 lines; expanse of wings 12 lines. ‘“One specimen. A very handsomely ornamented species.” The writer has carefully examined the type specimen at Philadel- phia and has also examined one other specimen at the same place. This last varies from the above description somewhat. The orbits of the eyes are not all yellow but there is a broad yellow mark starting within the lower part of the emargination of the eyes and extending downward along the border of the lower lobe; there is also a narrow streak of the same color behind the eye. The yellow on the postscutellum is a band instead of a line. The tegule are ferruginous. The coxe are black and ferruginous in varying proportions. The trochanters, bases of the femora and the tarsi are blackish ferruginous. The rest of the legs are light ferruginous with the broad faces of the femora lightest. The dorsum of the first segment of the abdomen has a ferruginous band and its under side is ferruginous behind. The front face of the venter of the second segment is black and the venters of the segments from the fourth backward with the dorsum of the last two segments are obscure ferruginous. The wings 318 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,. are fusco-hyaline with a darker area along the costal margin including the costal end of the median, stigmal, first cubital, and radial cells and continuing beyond the cellular area nearly to the tips of the wings. The part of this darkened area within the cells is faintly yellowish, that beyond is smoky. The wings have slight purplish metallic reflections when held at certain angles. The nervures are dark ferruginous. The specimen is quite coarsely covered with whitish hairs except the dorsum of the last three segments of the abdomen where they are yellowish. The above specimen, a male, was taken in Lower California and is now in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia. The type specimen was taken in Colorado. These two specimens agree very well with Saussure’s. description of consors and the writer thinks that they will probably prove to be the same species. Because so little material could be examined, further collecting and study should prove or disprove the above conclusion. If the writer is. justified in the above statement then the name amoena should fall and consors take its place. The specimens in the Philadelphia collection have been placed under the name consors. The writer does not know who is responsible for this. Scolia cubensis. New species. Type, a female from Cuba now in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia, and the only specimen I have seen. The specimen measures twenty-three mm. in length. The body color is dark brown, almost nigro-ferruginous. The wings. are uniformly brownish-fuliginous with metallic reflections blue at some angles, purplish at others. The nervures are brown. The specimen as a whole has a glistening appearance and is remarkably free from punc- tures or hairs. Most of the hairs present are deep red brown, and the punctures are shallow. : The head is more triangular than those of the other species of this. subfamily and the eyes are comparatively much smaller. In other species they extend from very close to the base of the mandibles to quite near the top of the head: here they start well up from the base of the mandibles and reach only about 2-3 of the distance to the top of the head. Viewed from the side they take up only about one-third of the usual space. 1912] North American Scoliine 319 The anterior lateral margins of the clypeus are set with short bristle- like yellow hair arising from an area which is obscurely yellow. The outside of the antenna beyond the third segment is quite ferruginous and the prothorax in front is rather thickly punctured and covered with long brownish hairs. The rest of the body except the venter of pro- thorax, pronotum, ridge of the mesopleuron, legs, and front face of the dorsum of the first segment of the abdomen is remarkably free from punctures and hairs, the top of the head, centre of the mesonotum and the central portion of the scutellum and postscutellum being particu- larly free. The abdomen as a whole has a slender appearance being narrow and long. At the point where the second segment of the abdo- men beneath bends abruptly upward to meet the first segment and on either side of the mid line of the body there is a slight tubercular ten- dency. The larger spine at the end of the hind tibia is a great deal less than half the length of the first tarsal joint. The writer has seen no other specimen like the above and no description that he has been able to find agrees with it. He has therefore described the form as a new species. He believes that when the male is studied it will be found to have distinct rounded tubercles on the ventral surface of the second abdominal segment where the segment bends upward to meet the first. This last is because of the slight tubercular tendency spoken of above in the female studied and in all species observed by the writer having these tubercles the male always has them well developed, the females only slightly or not at all. Scolia dubia dubia Say. Scolia dubia. Say, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., I, p. 4, 1837, p. 364, n. 2. The type of this species is not in existence. Say has recorded the length of the species as four-fifths of an inch, Saussure and Sichel record the females as 22 to 25 mm. and the males as 15 to 23 mm. in length. The length of the specimens that the writer has had the opportunity to personally examine vary in the female from 15 to 22 mm. in length and the males from 13 to 19 mm. Except for slight variations, the body of this species is black to the end of the second segment of the abdomen and the rest of the abdomen is reddish brown. ‘The third segment of the abdomen has on each side of its dorsal surface, an ovate yellow spot. The wings are uniformly fuliginous, with metallic reflections, blue at some angles, delicately ‘purple at others. The nervures are black. 320 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, The typical examples of this species are described by Say in the Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. I, page 363. The body is black; head and thorax immaculate; wings dark violet blue; cubital cells two, with no appearance of more than one recurrent nervure; abdomen, first and second segments black; remaining segments ferruginous, more hairy than the others; the third segment, however, more or less tinged with blackish and with two transversely oval, a little oblique, bright yellow spots. The specimens that the writer has personally examined agree quite well with the above description except that there is a strong tendency for variation in three directions. In one direction the specimens have the first two segments quite ferruginous. In another the whole abdomen is very black, only the edges of the segments beyond the second being ferruginous. In the other specimen the yellow spots gradually diminish until they entirely disappear. Smith in his Catalogue of Hymenopter- ous Insects of the British Museum describes a variety in which the yellow spots are obsolete. It is probable that this form without spots is the one that has been described by Burmeister as a separate species haema- todes. The writer thinks that this form should be regarded as a sub- species of dubia. This would cause the name dubia to become Scolia dubia dubia; and hematodes, Scolia dubia haematodes. Saussure and Sichel have recorded this species as found in North America; Carolina, Louisiana, Maryland, Tennessee, and Mexico. The writer has seen specimens from Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Georgia, Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New York, and Massachusetts. Probably this species does not exist farther north than the last named state. The Insect Book by L. O. Howard, plate I, fig. 7, gives a cut of this species. Scolia dubia hematodes Burmeister. Scolia hematodes BurM., Abh. naturf. ges. Halle, I., p. 4, 1853, p. 33, n. 49.2 07 The location of the type is unknown to the writer. Burmeister describes the species as follows: Black, hairy, abdom- inal segments 3 to 6 rufous, wings nigro-cyanis. The length 7 to 8— 1144 90 —Mexico. This insect looks like and is colored and haired like Scolia dubia except that the two yellow spots on the third abdominal segment are wanting. As a whole, it is much smaller than dubia. The writer has seen a large number of specimens that agree with this description except that one male specimen he has before him, has the sclerites of the abdomen black or slightly ferruginous and only the hairs # 1912] North American Scoliine 321 which clothe those segments from the second back are rufous. The venter of the second abdominal segment is usually rufous except in the darker specimens. The length of the female ranges between 15 and 22 mm. and the males between 10 and 18 mm. This species is fully accounted for under the variations in the description of Scolia dubia dubia, which see for further information on the subject. The specimens I have seen were taken in Mexico, Texas, California, and Arizona. Scolia flavocostalis Cresson. ? Scolia tricincta SAY West. Quart. Reporter, II, 1823, p. 74. Scolia flavocostalis. Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., I, 1868, p. 377, no. 6, & The type is in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia. Cresson describes the species as follows: “ Scolia (Discolia) flavocostalis, n. sp. ‘““Male.—Black, deeply and rather closely punctured, clothed with long, golden pubescence; a spot on the anterior orbits, below the emar- gination of the eyes, and a narrow line on lower half of posterior orbits, yellow; mandibles bright fulvous, black at tips; antennz entirely black, robust; a spot on each side of prothorax anteriorly and another on postscutellum, yellow; scutellum with large, scattered punctures; tegulee fulvous; wings hyaline, with an opaline reflection, costa broadly yellow to the tip of marginal cell, beyond which it is violaceous-black; anterior wing with two submarginal cells, the second receiving one recurrent nervure; legs rufo-ferruginous, clothed with yellowish hair, most of coxe black; abdomen black, clothed with yellowish hair, especially dense on the apical margins of the segments, apex of the three basal segments more or less ferruginous; on each side of second and third segments above a yellow ovate spot, large and transverse on the third segment; fourth segment with a narrow, apical, yellow band, interrupted in the middle, and dilated laterally; apex with three short spines; venter blackish, most of the second segment ferruginous. Length 4¥% lines. ‘““One male specimen. This may be the male of S. Lewisii. It is, however, much smaller.” Besides the type in the American Entomological Society’s collection at Philadelphia, the writer has studied several specimens and has several before him, three of which closely agree with the description except that one has two large ferruginous spots on the dorsum of the first abdominal segment, one has a broad ferruginous band on the posterior part of the above segment and the fifth and sixth segments have an apical band of yellow, and the third has a narrow interrupted band of yellow on the fifth abdominal segment. The other specimens that have been studied B22 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, vary somewhat in the amount of yellow and ferruginous color present, especcially on the abdomen where the spots gradually enlarge to become bands, and the bands on the posterior segments are much broader. The dorsum of the median segment and the first and second segments of the abdomen gradually become ferruginous until they are practically all of that color. The writer thinks that perhaps this variation which is possibly in the direction of either ridingsii or lecontet, indicates the rela- tionship of the three species, especially as all the specimens of flavocos- talis seen were males. It is probable that more material will throw light on this subject. The above specimens are all males all taken in New Mexico, except one from Texas and one from Kansas. They measure between 10 and 15 mm. in length. Four other specimens have been studied, a female and three males, which starting with the more typical flavocostalis, vary toward a blacker body color and a reduction of yellow. One specimen has the body black except for a slight tendency toward ferruginous on the venter of the abdomen. The coxe, trochanters and a small part of the femur next to the body are black. The tarsi and tarsal claws are dark ferru- ginous. The dorsum of the fourth segment of the abdomen has two yellow spots and the fifth segment has an obscure, interrupted, apical yellow band. One specimen has no yellow mark behind the eyes and no yellow on the fifth abdominal segment, with the body color practically all black except a slight tendency to ferruginous at the edges of the sclerites. Much more of the femur is black than in the other specimen. The female specimen has the mandibles except the tips, an obscure streak behind the eyes, the dorsum of the prothorax and the dorsum of the first abdominal segment ferruginous. The legs are nearly all ferru- ginous with a blackish tendency on the basal segments. The dorsum of the second and third abdominal segments have spots and the fourth and fifth have narrow yellow apical bands. The head in the above specimens except for the slight yellow marks spoken of, is all black. These four specimens were all collected in Texas. The female measures about 11 mm., the males 9 to 11 mm. in length. Some of the last described specimens came very near to Say’s tricincta (Western Quarterly Reporter Cincinnati, II, 1823, p. 74, n. 2), and the writer does not agree with Cresson in placing tricincta under nobilitata but thinks further studies will probably place it somewhere in the above range. If this is correct, then flavocostalis will ultimately fall as a synonym of tricincta or become a subspecies of it. 1912] North American Scoliine : 323 Scolia fulviventris. New species. This species is described from a type and five paratypes, all ‘females; the type and two paratypes are in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia, two paratypes in the collection of the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute and one in the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The specimens range between eleven and fifteen mm. in length. The ground color of the species is black with yellow markings. The wings are dark fuliginous with a darker area running along the costal ‘border from near the end of the costal cell to the tip of the wing, and give off metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purplish at others. Most of the dorsum of the abdomen is yellow and its whole venter is ferruginous. ; The head is black except a ferruginous, almost yellow spot just below the emargination of the eyes, a yellow streak behind the eyes and the middle of the anterior margin of the clypeus, which is ferruginous. It is quite thickly covered with yellowish white hairs especially thick and long in the area between the bases of the antenne and the anterior ocellus and on the occiput. The mandibles are ferruginous, more or less streaked with black. The antenneze are black, the three basal ‘segments glistening. The thorax is black except two large triangular marks on the pro- notum running nearly back’to the tegule and a band covering the entire central portion of the postscutellum which are yellow. The dorsum of the mesothorax is covered with short yellow hairs, the rest of the thorax with short grey hairs. The tegule are black ferruginous. The legs to the end of the femur are black ferruginous, the tibia and tarsus becoming lighter. The larger spines are light ferruginous and the smaller ones yellowish. The tarsal claws are ferruginous, blackish at the tips. All of the legs are covered with rather long yellowish white hairs and the large spine at the end of the hind tibia is nearly one-half the length of the first tarsal segment. The first two segments of the abdomen are black above, with two ‘small yellow spots on the first and two large confluent spots on the ‘second. The third, fourth and fifth segments above are yellow, nar- towly margined with ferruginous, the yellow band on the third being slightly constricted in the middle. The sixth segment above and the venter are entirely ferruginous. All the segments are covered with short, and their edges fringed with long yellow hairs, paler beneath. 324 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, The paratypes differ from the above type in one or more of the following features. The ferruginous on the clypeus and along the inner margins of the eye varies greatly in amount. The pronotal yellow spots differ much in size. There may be a pair of ferruginous or yel- lowish spots on the median portion of the scutellum. The first abdom- inal segment above may be more or less tinged with ferruginous or may be black and without spots in either case. The spots on the second segment may not be confluent and the band on the third may be practically transformed into two spots. The distribution of ferruginous on the legs varies, sometimes extending well upward toward the body. All the specimens were collected in Arizona. The writer thinks that perhaps these insects may ultimately prove to be the females of ofomita: See statement under otomita. Scolia fuscipennis. New species. ; Type and paratype in the United States Museum at Wash- ington: Ose: This species was described from two male specimens taken at Cordoba, V. C., Mexico; the type Jan. 16, and the paratype Feb. 8, 1908, by Fred K. Knab. Type number 15092, U.S. Nat. Mus. The ground color of this species is jet black with yellow markings on the thorax and abdomen. The wings are dark fuliginous, distinctly glossy brown, without color reflections and have a darker area along the costal cells. A light streak runs downward and backward from the end of the costal cell across the first cubital. The nervures are dark brown or black. The head is black, deeply and rather closely punctured and is well covered with brownish hairs. The mandibles are dark ferruginous. The antenne are black with scape and pedicle glistening, their remain- der dull. Behind the eye in the type is a faint yellow spot absent in the paratype. The thorax is black except two large marks on the pronotum run- ning back to the tegulee, a large mark on the upper part of the mesopleu- ron, two narrow longitudinal lines behind the middle of the dorsum of the mesothorax, the entire central portion of the scutellum, the elevated portion of the postscutellum slightly separated from the scutellar spot in front by a black narrow band, large marks on the lateral lobes and a small mark on the central part of the median segment above, are yel- low. It is deeply and closely punctured and thickly clothed with dark 1912} North American Scoliine 325 or black hairs except those which arise from the yellow spots which are pale, almost white. The legs are black, covered with black hairs and spines except the large spine belonging to the cleaning apparatus at the ~ end of the fore femur which is ferruginous and the small pad at its base which is yellowish. The fore tarsi have a somewhat ferruginous tinge. The longer spine at the end of the hind tibia is about one-half the length of the first tarsal segment. The abdomen is black except a broad yellow band on the dorsum of the first segment, which in the paratype is evidently a pair of confluent spots. There are also two large spots on the dorsum of the second and third, two small spots toward the sides of the fourth and two large spots on the venter of the second segment which are yellow. The abdomen is quite closely punctured and is well covered with black hairs except on the spots where they are pale. At the point where the second ventral segment bends abruptly upward to meet the first and on either side of the midline of the body are two bluntly rounded tubercles. The paratype has no yellow marks on the mesopleuron, dorsum of the mesothorax, scutellum and middle part of the median segment and the pronotal spots are much smaller. The length varies from 18 to 20 mm. and the body is rather slender. Scolia guttata guttata Burm. Scolia guttata. BurM., Naturf. Ges. Halle, I, p. 4, 1853, p. 36, n. 57, 9 Scolia (Discolia) hecate. W. F. Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1889, p. 449, Oro? Dlh EA: The location of the type is unknown to the writer. Saussure and Sichel have recorded size for this species as follows: females 22 to 35 mm. long and males 15 to 28 mm. long. Specimens that the writer has personally examined vary in length. The females range from 21 to 28 mm. in length and the males from 15 to 23 mm. in length. The body of this species is black except for yellow markings, varying in number and size on different individuals. The wings are uniformly fuliginous with metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purplish at others. The nervures are black in some specimens and ferruginous in others. ‘This species is one of the largest of this subfamily. The typical examples of this species are described by Burmeister as having a round golden spot on each side of the second and third seg- ments with small round golden spots on the underside of the fourth segment. There is considerable variation from this however, as is stated by Cameron in the Biologia. He says that this is a very variable 326 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, species not only in size but in coloration. He describes several speci- mens showing a gradation in variation from yellow markings on the clypeus, pronotum, mesopleura, scutellum, postscutellum, first, second, third, fourth and last abdominal segments to two specimens which had no yellow at all. He says the most common form is the one with the maximum yellow upon it and that the male examples do not show much variation. They have either two yellow marks on the first and second abdominal segments or two on the second segment only. The specimens that the writer has personally examined agree quite well with Burmeister’s typical description except that the yellow markings on the fourth abdominal segment would hardly be regarded as being on the under side of the segment though well down on the side. At the point where the second segment of the abdomen bends abruptly upward to meet the first ventral segment and on either side of the mid- line of the body are two bluntly rounded tubercles quite large in some specimens especially in the males, smaller and almost disappearing in the females. Between this species and azteca the writer has been able to find no structural difference and it is his opinion that the two forms can be separated only by the color, azteca being entirely black and guttata as described above. This color distinction has been easily drawn in all the specimens observed and so the writer has chosen to consider the above as two forms, with azteca a subspecies of guttata. This causes the name Scolia guttata to be changed to Scolia guttata gutiata and Scola azteca to Scolia guttata azteca. Saussure and Sichel have recorded this species from Mexico. The specimens that the writer has seen came from the plains of Mexico and from the southern part of Texas. Scolia guttata azteca Sauss. Scolia azteca SAauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool, (2), (IX), 1857, p. 281. Location of the type unknown to the writer. Saussure records the length of the species as 27 mm. The length of the specimens that the writer has had the opportunity to examine varies in the female from 18 mm. to 29 mm. The males measure about 20 mm. The color of this species is deep black. The wings are uniformly fuliginous throughout with metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purplish at others and greenish at still others. It is one of the larger species of the group. 1912] North American Scoliine 327 The typical examples are described by Saussure as follows: The female on the average of a deep black, shining, with black hair. Head ‘and thorax very finely punctured; the metathorax deeper than the rest, abdomen irregularly punctured, wings deep black with bluish or steely reflections. The nervures are black. Males are very densely punc- tured. The specimens that the writer has studied agree with this descrip- tion except that the wings held at some angles have a greenish reflection as well as the bluish and purplish reflections spoken of above. At the point where the second ventral segment of the abdomen bends abruptly upward to meet the first ventral segment and on either side of the midline on the body is a bluntly rounded tubercle quite large in some specimens especially in the male, smaller and almost disappearing in some of the females. Saussure and Sichel in their catalogue give the habitat of the species as Mexico. All specimens that the writer has seen came from Mexico. So far as structure goes the writer has been unable to sepa- rate this species from gutiata Burmeister. He is of the opinion that aside from the color they cannot be separated and for this reason he would consider this form a subspecies of guttata. See what already has been said on this subject under guttata. Scolia inconstans Cresson. Scolia imconstans Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1V, 1865, p. 446, No. 2. The type is in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia. Cresson describes the species as follows: Scolia inconstans, n. sp. “Obscure ferruginous; head, antennee and most of thorax blackish; sides of prothorax with a large luteous spot; third segment of abdomen with a yellow spot; wings subhyaline, the costa yellowish, with a dark streak beyond the marginal cell. ‘““Male.—Head black, with yellowish pubescence; the orbits, more or less interrupted, yellowish; anterior margin of the clypeus, and the mandibles, except tips, luteous; antennz nearly as long as the head and thorax, dull black, somewhat brownish beneath. Thorax blackish, with rather dense, prostrate, yellowish pubescence, and close, rather deep punctures; on each side of the prothorax a large luteous spot; lateral margins of the mesothorax obscure testaceous; pleura sometimes with a ferruginous stain; postscutellum luteous, and sometimes the scutellum is tinged with the same color; metathorax black, sometimes rufo-piceous, on each side a large rufous or ferruginous spot or stain, 328 Annals Entomological Society of America IWole Wis the posterior face abruptly truncate and somewhat concave; tegulz ferruginous. Wings hyaline, slightly dusky on the broad apical mar- gins, and with a slight violaceous reflection; the costa yellowish, espe- cially about the marginal and submarginal cells, and beyond the former a blackish streak extending to the tip of the wing; nervures fuscous. Legs ferruginous, with yellowish pubescence. Abdomen obscure fer- ruginous, punctured, shining, iridescent, clothed with yellowish pubes- cence, more dense on the apical margins of the segments; basal segment rounded at base and more closely punctured than the following seg- ments, the apical margin slightly contracted; third segment with a large, transverse, yellow macula on each side, and the apex, of the fourth segment is narrowly margined with yellowish; in one specimen the spots on the third segment are very large, while the two basal segments have a small obsolete, luteous stain on each side at base, and the fourth segment has an angular yellow mark on each side; the base of the third, fourth, and fifth segments are sometimes more or less black- ish; the apical segment is armed at tip with three long acute spines, the central one the longest; ventral segments ferruginous, with their base more or less blackish. Length 6—6% lines; expanse of wings 11—11% lines. ‘Two specimens. This species has some resemblance to S. dubia Say, in the markings of the third abdominal segment, but is otherwise very distinct.” There are two specimens in the collection at Philadelphia both marked types. The writer has examined both and has one before him marked type number 568-2 which varies a little from the above descrip- tion. The yellow mark in front of the eyes starts well within the emar- gination, is quite broad and extends downward along the lower lobe of the eye. There is a narrow yellow streak behind the eyes. The antenne are slightly ferruginous beneath. The body color of the thorax is black but all the sclerites have a marked tendency to be tinged with ferruginous. The pronotum has two large triangular spots which are joined together in front by a narrow darker band and extend back to the tegula. The postscutellum has a broad yellow band and the tegule are light ferruginous almost flavous. The median or last seg- ment of the thorax, has a ferruginous spot on the dorsal surface of each side lobe and on its central part a slight tinge of the same color. The wings are subhyaline with a stained area along the costal border. The costal, end of the media, stigmal, first cubital and radial cells with a small portion just beyond the radial are light yellow and covered with short yellow hair. The area from just beyond the radial to near the end of the wings is slightly smoky and gives a light purplish metallic reflection at some angles. The nervures are light ferruginous or flavous. The base of each segment of the abdomen has a black band and there 1912} North American Scoliine 329 are two large transverse oval spots on the third with a narrow line at _ the end of the fourth segment which are yellow. All the rest of the abdomen is ferruginous. The length of this specimen is about 12 mm. The two specimens that the above description was written from were collected in Colorado. The writer has seen no other specimens like these in the Philadelphia collection, although he has seen several collections from that or adjacent territory. It is the writer’s opinion that further collections from Colorado would throw much needed light on the identity of this species. Scolia lecontei Cresson. Scolia leconter Cress., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, 1868, p. 376, n. 5 Q. Type in the collection of the American Entomological society at Philadelphia. Cresson describes this species as follows: Scolia (Discolia) Lecontei, n. sp. ““Female.—Head black, sparsely punctured, a large rufous spot on the front, extending from the lower ocellus to and including the space between the antennz, and also the emargination of the eyes; posterior orbits, clypeus and mandibles, except tips, rufous; occiput clothed with a dense golden pubescence; antennz short, robust, black, scape dull rufous; thorax with deep, rather close punctures; prothorax, except its anterior middle, extreme lateral margin of mesothorax, tegule and scutellum rufous, the latter flat, with a few scattering, deep punctures; postscutellum bright yellow; rest of thorax black, sparsely clothed with golden pubescence, more dense on prothorax in front, and on meta- thorax, the prominent, lateral lobes of the latter with an obscure rufous spot; wings fusco-hyaline, strongly tinged with yellowish, especially along the costa to the tip of the marginal cell, beyond which it is violaceous-black; both wings have a beautiful purple reflection, espe- cially towards the apical margin; anterior wing with two submarginal cells, the second receiving one recurrent nervure; legs rufo-ferruginous, clothed with yellowish hair, most of coxe black; abdomen rufo-fer- ruginous, sparsely punctured, shining, second to fifth segments above stained more or less with blackish, second and third segments above with a large, ovate, bright yellow spot on each side, nearly meeting on the disk, those on the third segment more transverse and regular; fourth segment with a transverse yellow band at tip; fifth segment with a subobsolete, narrow yellowish stripe near the tip, sub-interrupted in the middle; apical margins of all the segments with a dense, rather long fringe of yellowish hairs; venter dull ferruginous, the third seg- ment black at base. Length 6 lines. “One female specimen. At first sight this species has much the appearance of Elis Xantiana Sauss.”’ 330 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, The writer has one specimen before him which agrees very closely with the above description except for an obsolete yellow spot behind the eyes. Study has been made of other specimens that vary somewhat from the above. Two of these have no yellow marks on the fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen and the whole insect has a dark rufous to blackish appearance, showing a tendency to vary toward a loss of yellow and ferruginous on the abdomen especially and has a general darker appearance as a whole. Prokably these forms stand somewhere between the typical lecontei and Say’s tricincta. The writer has seen several other specimens which show a gradual increase in the yellow and ferruginous from the type to a specimen which has the yellow mark behind the eyes and the spots on the pro- thorax much larger while the spots on the second segment are very large, those on the third have become a broad band and there are two wide bands on the fourth and fifth. Possibly this variation of increas- ing yellow and ferruginous is in the direction of ridingsit. The specimens that the writer has seen are all females measuring from 12 to 15 mm. in length and were all collected in Texas except one which was taken in New Mexico. No one specimen has all the marks spoken of at their extreme development as indicated. The head of this species has the occiput quite black and this color encroaches downward upon the upper part of the frons. The rest of the face is ferruginous. It is probable that further collection will throw much needed light on the relation of ridingsti, lecontei, tricincta, and flavocostalis, which seem in many respects to be closely allied. Scolia monticola Cameron. Scolia monticola CAMERON, Biol. Centr. Amer., P. 112, 1873, Hymen. II. p. 228, 1. 6, 2 C'. The type is probably in the British Museum. Cameron describes the species as follows: ‘‘Deep black, shining; the head and thorax densely covered with short, thick, black pubes- cence; the back of the abdomen densely covered with short, the ventral surface with long, black hairs. The head covered with large, distinctly separate punctures; the mesonotum and scutellum coarsely and strongly punctured, somewhat smaller than those on the mesonotum. Abdomen closely and finely punctured; the hair on the apical segments above long, black and thick. Legs deep black, the spines and hair also black. Wings deep violaceous-blue. The male is similarly colored and clothed, the antennz in this sex bearing a close microscopic greyish pile, which gives them a paleish appearance. Size of the female 18 to 20 mm., of male 15 to 18 mm.” 1912] North American Scolune 331 At the end of the above description Cameron says: ‘It is obvious ' that the insect is nearly related to Scolia azteca; the latter, however, differs from Scolia monticola in having”’ (from this point to the end of the paragraph is a translation) an obtuse median tubercle at the base of the second ventral segment which is subtruncate. In the female this tubercle is minute almost disappearing. In the male it is larger, some- what broader transversely emarginate in the middle and subcarinate on either side. The writer has but two specimens which he could consider as this species. They measure about 13 mm. in length and agree well with the above description. The point of difference in the presence or absence of the tubercle on the venter of the second abdominal segment is borne out. These specimens do not have it. The whole specimen is black and the body except the front of the head is thickly punctured and haired. A part of the frons starting just below the bases of the antenne and continuing upward between them, then gradually widening to a straight transverse line which if continued would intercept the eyes at the upper edges of their emarginations, is raised above the rest of the face enough to allow for the insertion of the antennz in its sides instead of in the usual depressed space. The part of this raised portion posterior to the bases of the antennz is closely and deeply punctured. The rest of the face is sparsely indented with rather deep punctures. Starting at a point just posterior to the larger ocellus a continuous ridge passes downward and outward across the frons to a point within the emargina- tion of the eyes. The wings are fuliginous with a darker area along the costal border, and they have conspicuous metallic reflections, blue at some angles, green at some and bright purple at others with perhaps a slight tendency toward magenta in places. This species is easily distinguished from others in this sub- family by the peculiar elevation of the portion of the frons spoken of above. This is not referred to by Cameron and there- fore possibly the insect here described is not monticola. If it should prove not to be monticola it may be given the name N1grescens. The two specimens are now in the American Museum at New York City. Locality unknown. They agree quite closely with a specimen in the American Entomological Society col- lection at Philadelphia marked nigrescens type, undoubtedly a manuscript name. More material should throw needed light on this species. 302 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Scolia nobilitata Fabricius. Scolia nobilitata FABRICIUS, Systema Piezatorum, 1804, p. 244, n. 32. Smith in his catalogue of the British Hymenoptera, page 206, records a Fabrician specimen in the Museum of the Lin- naean Society of London. Burmeister has recorded size for this species as 5 to 8 lines. The length of the specimens that the writer has had the opportunity to examine vary in the female from 12 to 16 mm., in the males from 8 to 12 mm. In comparison with the group as a whole this is a small species. The body is black and there are always four yellow spots on the abdomen, the second and third segments each having two. In a large number of cases there is a ferruginous tinge to the abdomen and the yellow markings on the body are encroached upon by this coloring. The wings are uniformly fuliginous with violet reflections at some angles, blue at others. The nervures vary from dark ferruginous to quite black. Fabricius described the type as hairy and black, with two yellow spots on the prothorax and the scutellum yellow, base of the abdomen ferruginous and bearing four yellow spots. Head black, antenne cylindrical, thorax globose, black, prothorax has two yellow spots, postscutellum yellow. Abdomen hairy and black, the three basal segments obscurely brick red. Segments two and three each with two yellow spots. Legs ferruginous, femora black. The Insect Book by L. O. Howard (plate I, fig. 2) gives a good cut of a female of this species. The specimens that the writer has examined agree quite well with Fabricius’ description and also with the illustration given by Howard, except for slight variations. The average female has a black head except for the mandibles and the underside of the antenne. The man- dibles are ferruginous, becoming almost black toward their tips and the antenne though mainly black have a ferruginous tinge, particularly beneath. The thorax is black except for two yellow triangular spots on the pronotum, a large yellow mark on the postscutellum and the tegulze which are ferruginous. Coxe and trochanters black, femora partly black, partly ferruginous and the remaining portions of the legs ferru- ginous except the tips of the claws which are black, spines ferruginous. Wings uniformly fuliginous, with blue and violet reflections. The ground color of the abdomen is black but there is a tinge of ferruginous especially in the first three segments, more generally present in the first. 1912] North American Scoliine 330 The second and third segments have on each side of their dorsal surface a large oval yellow spot. The writer has seen several specimens which varied from the above in that although the ground color of the body was black, a great part of the head, edges of the sclerites of the thorax, scutellum, dorsal part of the median segment, nearly all of the legs and the dorsum of the first segment of the abdomen were ferruginous while the rest of the abdomen was deeply tinged with the same color. A few specimens had two small yellow spots on the first segment of the abdomen and a yellow streak behind the eyes. The above description with the same variations will apply to the male. The writer has also seen a male with two small yellow marks on the fourth segment of the abdomen. The antennz of the male are entirely black. The variety maculata Guerin, of this species the writer has been unable to recognize in the material available. Fabricius records this insect from Carolina, Burmeister from sNorth: America. The writer has seen specimens from Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Mexas, Long Islands.N: Y., and Arizona: Scolia otomita Saussure. Scolia otomita SAusS. Am. Soc. Ent. France, (8), VI, 1858, p. 223, No. 35 &%. The location of the type is unknown to the writer. Saussure and Sichel describe the species in their catalogue. ‘The following is a translation of the description: Male.—Small, black, greyish haired, abdominal segments three to five with yellow fascia. Length 1214 mm.; wings, 10 mm. Small, black, densely punctured, covered with grey hair. A small yellowish silvery spot on each side of the face outside of the clypeus. Two yellow spots on the prothorax and postscutellum yellow. The tegulz are brown, segments three, four, and five of the abdomen bear a yellow band which is margined only at the fifth. The smaller margins of the segments brown. All the segments of the abdomen strongly ciliated with tawny yellow hair. The end of the abdomen brown. Legs black, clothed with grey hairs. Tibial spines ferruginous. Wings transparent, nervures brown, radial cell subtriangular, large and truncate. Habitat Mexico. The writer has seen but one specimen, a male, which he could con- sider as this species. This specimen measures 13 mm. in length. Its ground color is black. The wings are fusco-hyaline, a much darker portion extending from within the end of the median cell along the costal border almost to the tip of the wing; metallic reflections are present, blue at some angles, purplish at others. The nervures are 334 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,. black. The head is black except a narrow streak extending downward from the emargination of the eyes along the edge of their lower lobes and a narrow line behind the eyes which are yellow. The mandibles except their edges and tips are ferruginous. The antenne are black, tinged with ferruginous beneath. The thorax is black except two triangular yellow marks on the pronotum and a transverse yellow band on the postscutellum. The legs are black with a very faint ferruginous tinge and their spines are ferruginous. The first and second segments of the abdomen are black or ferruginous black and the venter of second is slightly tinged with ferruginous. The dorsum of each of the other segments of the abdomen is yellow, their margins ferruginous-brown except the last which is nearly all of this color. The undersides of the last named segments are ferruginous-brown, faintly mottled with yel- low. The edges of the segments behind the first are fringed with grey- ish yellow hairs, with the remainder of the body and legs sparsely clothed with grey hairs except on the clypeus where they are yellowish ferruginous. The above description was made from a specimen now in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadel- phia. It was taken in Nevada. It may be unsafe to draw any conclusions from the study of a single specimen. The writer is of the opinion however that the specimen here described though differing in a few minor details, is Scolia otimita Saussure, and that the females. described as Scolia fulviventris will ultimately prove to be the females of this species. Scolia ridingsii Cresson. Scolia ridings. CRESS., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1V, 1865, p. 445, No. 1 9. The type is in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia. Cresson describes the species as follows: “ Scolia ridingsii, n. sp. “‘Ferruginous; sides of prothorax, scutellums, and a large spot on each side of four basal segments of abdomen above, luteous; wings. deep yellow, the apical margins broadly fuliginous with a beautiful violaceous reflection, and a dark cloud beyond the marginal cell. ““Female.—Ferruginous, clothed with fulvous or golden-yellow pubescence, closely and rather deeply punctured; the sinus of the eyes. and the outer orbits, sometimes luteous, and in one specimen extending entirely across the occiput; mandibles piceous at tips; antennz piceous, the two or three basal joints ferruginous. Thorax: sides of the pro- thorax, a spot on the pleura, scutellum and postscutellum, and a spot on each side of the metathorax, sometimes much reduced, luteous; the 1912] North American Scolune 335: scutellums with large, deep, scattered punctures; metathorax short, broad, more finely punctured than the rest of the thorax, abruptly truncate and somewhat concave behind. Wings: the superior pair deep yellowish-hyaline, the apical margin broadly fuliginous with a beautiful violaceous reflection; beyond the marginal cell a broad black- ish cloud extending to the tip of the wing; nervures honey-yellow; posterior wings fuliginous, with a purplish reflection, the base sub- hyaline. Legs ferruginous, with golden-yellow pubescence, the tibiz tuberculate above, the tarsi spinose. Abdomen sparsely punctured, faintly iridescent; on each side of the four basal segments above, a rounded luteous spot; sometimes slightly confluent; the spots on the first and fourth segments smallest, and when confluent, they form a rather broad transverse band; those on the second and third segments are large, the former round and the latter rather transverse; all the segments densely fringed with fulvous pubescence; the ‘apical segment densely clothed with dense, prostrate, fulvous pubescence; venter paler ferruginous, the second and third segments obsoletely stained with obscure luteous, the basal segments deeply contracted. Length 8 lines; expanse of wings 131% lines. Two specimens.”’ The writer has before him three specimens, one marked type 565-2 and has carefully studied four other specimens at Philadelphia, all females. These agree well with the description except the marking described as luteous which the writer would prefer to term yellow. The costal, subcostal and basal nervures of the front wings are ferruginous. The rest of the nervures except the subdiscoidal nervure which is bluish, are yellow. The parts of the fore wing not inclosed within the cells are slightly fuliginous with a much darker area reaching from near the ends of the radial and from within the submarginal, to near the tip of the wing. A streak running along the frenal fold is quite fuliginous. These last areas have metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purplish at others. The hind wings are somewhat fuliginous with slight purple metallic reflections. The end of the fifth abdominal segment has a narrow yellow band and the venter of the first segment is obsoletely stained with yellow. The other two specimens that the writer has before him differ from the above in that the antennz beyond the three or four basal segments are quite black above but faintly ferruginous beneath. The yellow band behind the eyes and reaching across the occiput is interrupted in the middle with ferruginous. A band along the parapsidal grooves is black and the anterior edge of the mesopluron is darker than the plate as a whole. The tips of the tarsal claws are ferruginous to black. The yellow marks on the last or median segment of the thorax are obscure in one specimen and wanting in the other. The head in the above described forms is yellowish ferruginous. # 336 Annals Entomological Society of America [Volve The type specimen and four others were taken in Colorado. The other two whose differences from the type have just been described were taken in California and Lower California. They are all in the collection of the American Entomological Society at Philadelphia. These specimens measure about 15 mm. The writer also has two specimens before him, one from the United State National Museum, collected in New Mexico and the other from Philadelphia collected in Texas, which vary from the above specimens toward Jlecontei, but standing closer to ridingsu than to the other. They vary from ridingsi in having the part of the head behind the emargination of the eyes and a large part of the thorax quite black. The specimen at Philadelphia has two yellow spots on the pronotum nearly obsolete and the three spots on the dorsum of the median seg- ment are ferruginous. The dorsum of the second segment of the abdomen has very small round black spots on its sides and the anterior edges of the third and fourth segments are very dark, almost black. The abdomen of the specimen from the United States National Museum has only the small black spots on the sides of the second segment of the abdomen above. The writer thinks that perhaps further collecting in the above territory may result in uniting ridingsi and lecontet. Scolia vintschgaui Dalle Torre. Scolia saussuret CAMERON, Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 112, 1893, Hymen. II, p. 226, fal, 10) © IBY as, a, ©. Scolia vintschgaut Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., VIII, 1897, p. 187, (new name). The type is probably in the British Museum. A. good figure of this species is given in Cameron’s Biologia Centrali-Americana, plate 12, fig. 9. The name saussurez used by Cameron, according to the rules of the International Zoolog- ical Congress will have to give way to vintschgaui because saussuret had been already used in 1864 by Saussure and Sichel for an African species of Scolia. Cameron describes the species as follows: “Black, hairy, two spots on the pronotum and the postscutellum yellow, abdomen bifasciate with yellow, prothorax reddish haired, wings smoky. Length of female, 14 mm. “Head coarsely punctured; the front ocellus in a deep round pit. Mesonotum coarsely and strongly punctured all over; scutellum punc- tures larger and more widely separated. Median segment, mid portion finely, lateral portions strongly, punctured. Head and thorax covered 1912] North American Scoliine oot with fulvous hair, that on the median segment being longer and paler. ‘Yellow marks on the pronotum somewhat triangular. Abdomen above covered with long fulvous hair, the fifth and six densely covered all over with fulvous golden hair; basal segments finely punctured, the seg- ments fringed with pale golden hair, third segment for the greater part yellow, the back basal band projecting in the middle; fourth segment is yellow, except for a very black apical band. The legs are black, covered with long, pale hair; tarsal spines rufous. Wings are fusco- hyaline, the fore margin much darker, the dark band extending from the base to near the apex; the costa dark testaceous.”’ The writer has seen but one specimen, a female, which he could regard as this species. This specimen measures 14 mm. in length. Its ground color is black. The fore wings are fusco-hyaline with a darker streak extending from near the base of the first discoidal cell outward a short distance behind the costa and extending about halfway from the end of the radial to the apex where it gradually disappears. The area between this band and the costa has a distinct yellowish tinge. The wings have metallic reflections, blue at some angles, purple at others. The nervures are black ferruginous. Head, all black except mandibles which are partly ferruginous, antenne entirely black, thorax all deep black except two triangular spots on the pronotum and a trans- verse band on the postscutellum which are yellow. Legs black, the tarsi particularly the front pair with a tendency toward ferruginous, spines light ferruginous. Abdomen black except two very small spots on the second segment, broad bands on the dorsum of the third, fourth and fifth, which are yellow. The dorsum of the last segment is black. The dorsum of the third, fourth, and fifth are narrowly margined with black, both in front and behind. The dorsal plate of the mesothorax, posterior dorsal margins of the second, third, fourth and the dorsal and ventral posterior margins of the fifth segments of the abdomen are fringed with yellow hair. The dorsal surfaces of the segments from the second segment back are covered with yellow hair. The rest of the specimen is sparsely covered with whitish hair. The specimen was collected at Guadalajara Jal. Mexico. It is a female and is now in the collection of the American Ento- mological Society at Philadelphia. This is the only specimen seen by the writer, which appears to agree with Scolia vintschgaui and this one differs slightly in distribution of color. More are needed in order to determine the amount of color variation in this species. 338 Annals Entomological Society of America _ [Vol. V, UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES. I am unabie to recognize the following species, which have been described as having been taken within the geographical limits covered in this paper, though I have in some cases ven- tured to guess at what they may be. The name given is that under which the description was published. SCOLIA ANCEPS Saussure. Scolia anceps Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (8), VI, 1858, p. 221, n. 32, o. I think from Sassure’s description that this species is the one that Burmeister has described as haematodes. SCOLIA BIDENS. Sphex bidens L., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, I, 1767, p. 943. 9 o Eur. mer.; Afr. bor.; (Am. bor.). This is a well known Old World species and as there is no recent record of its capture in America it is probably an erron- eous record and may safely be omitted from the American faunal lst. Saussure and Sichel in their Cat, Spec. Gen. Scolia say it is recorded from North America (by error?). SCOLIA BIFASCIATA Swederus. Sphex (Scolia) bifasciata SWEDERUS, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. VII, 1787, . 281, n. 35. New York. Scolia bifascata GMELIN, Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, I, 5. 179a, p. 2738, n.26. I have not seen the original description by Swederus but only that of Gmelin which I assume is a copy. From this I am unable to determine anything in regard to this species. ScCOLIA MEXICANA Saussure. Scolia mexicana Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (8), VI, 1858, p. 213, n. 23, 9. Mex. From Saussure’s description I am unable to recognize this insect, but it is probably only a variation of Scolia guttata guttata. SCOLIA NOBILITATA variety MACULATA Guerin. Scolia maculata GUERIN, Duperry, Voy. Coquille, Zool. II, p. 2, 1830, p. 255 9. paw Age ag var maculata Sauss. and Sichel, Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia, 1864, I have not seen Guerin’s description but Saussure and Sichel in their catalogue give what I suppose is a copy of it. From this the writer has been unable to draw any conclusions in regard to maculata. 1912] North American Scoliine GENERAL INDEX TO SCOLIINA. PAD GOMEN ewe le Fai Re eee ice 304 FAMAULYGICAlIKE YS ic: «:+.--).peetcleenctcrs syste 312 PUN CE TITI GE 2b Petr eh hee VAI Ey ses 300 | OYTO). rests cy Oasee Pe ar oer nea ey 300 Bibliography— SCOMMA ess ss oh eee 311 AS GOLUD Ne ap wista. 3 rs. c 8 PE el 315 IR OSCO OSS Goi eter tics Hoteesetaa 313 AG MEG Kearney eee nce St ‘413 Female: More robust than male; body slightly longer, and diameter of abdomen much larger. Head slightly yellowish, thickly set with white and gray hairs. Thorax white, densely clothed with white erect hairs; a few gray hairs present. Abdomen white, clad in white semi- prostrate hair. Antennze white; two basal segments slightly yellowish; agree with the male in all other respects. Wings with average length of 2.58 mm., extremes of variation 2.28 to 3.06 mm.; average width 0.98 mm., variation from 0.90 to 1.14 mm.; otherwise like male. Legs with tarsal segments distinctly yellow, extreme tips dark; tibiz and femora white with scattering black hairs, some long and others short. Ventral plate yellow; about as broad as long; emargination almost circular in outline. Ovipositor yellowish; almost straight. Habitat: Chicago, Illinois. Described from 25 specimens, 10 males and 15 females. In looking over the literature on Psychodide the writer was surprised to discover how little of it has to do with the life histories of the various species of this family. Forty-four species have been described from North America, and the life histories of only five are known. Kellogg (1901, p. 46) described briefly the life history of Pericoma californica Kincaid; Haseman (1907, p. 324) described the stages of Psychoda floridica Hase- man; Fullaway (1907, p. 386) reported on the immature stages of Psychoda schizura Kincaid; and Haseman (1908, p. 274) described the life histories of Psychoda nocturnala Haseman and Psychoda domestica Haseman. THE EGG. (Big. 3, Pl; XXXT.) Eggs were easily obtained by confining females in stender dishes which contained a small quantity of sludge and water from the filter beds. Females were frequently put into the dishes in the evening and by the next morning clusters of eggs had been deposited. They were laid in masses on the bottom or sides of the dish or on fragments of rock which projected from the surface of the mass of sludge. Egg masses deposited 1n the dishes were never laid in the water, but just above the water and at the edges of moist areas on the bottom. These egg masses contained a varying number of eggs ranging from 20 to over 100. The masses were irregular in shape and the eggs which composed them were -deposited in no definite order. They adhered strongly to the glass and were apparently cemented there at the time of oviposition. Under normal conditions the eggs are laid on the surfaces of the filter stone. It is very probable that eggs are not only deposited near the top surface of the 414 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,. filter but at some depth since larve, pupz, and adults were found two feet below the surface and it was evident that the adults encounter no difficulty in traversing the interstices. The eggs are oval in shape and the majority show a slight concavity on one side accompanied by a corresponding convexity on the other, thus giving the eggs the appearance of being slightly bent in one plane. Sometimes this concavity is so reduced that this aspect of the egg is. almost straight. A large number of eggs were measured, and it was found that they are quite constant in size. The length varied only from 0.32 mm. to 0.34 mm.,'and the measurements of the greatest diameter showed a variation of only 0.09 to 0.1 mm. The yolk is centrally located and comprises about one-half of the bulk of the egg. It is opaque, granular, and shows a homogeneous distribution in the freshly deposited egg. The substance outside the yolk is transparent and homogeneous. This substance is largely confined to the ends of the egg, and one end usually containing a larger quantity than the other. The outer egg membrane is smooth and transparent. Development proceeds rather rapidly and in about sixteen hours after oviposition most of the eggs are in an advanced stage of development. Not all of the eggs of a given mass. develop at the same rate, but some lag behind and therefore hatch later. The time between the laying and the hatching of the eggs was found to vary from about thirty-four to forty- eight hours. THE LARVA. (Fig. 6, Pl. XXXII.) Larve in all stages of development occurred in great abund- ance in the sprinkling filter beds. The influents of these filters. come from the settling and septic tanks and are thrown out. into the air in a spray which falls on the surface of the filter bed and filters through about ten feet of crushed limestone. This- influent carried considerable solid organic matter in suspension, some of which is retained in the filter. This sludge accumu- lates in some quantity on the surfaces of the stones and in the interstices formed by them, particularly in the upper part of the bed. The larve are found crawling through and over this sludge, and no doubt derive their food from it. Often larve may be found completely buried in the sludge with only the posterior breathing tube projecting into the air. They are active in their habits, and their characteristic crawling and wriggling form of locomotion is moderately efficient. They crawl with comparative ease over the surface of the filter rocks- and even have the ability to crawl up the side of a glass vessel in which they may be confined. 1912] Life History of a New Psychoda 415: At the time of hatching the larva is small, measuring only about 0.5 mm. It is whitish in appearance and quite trans- parent. It is active from the time of the emergence from the egg, and increase in size takes place rapidly. At this stage the two reddish-brown eye spots on the lateral aspect of the head are quite distinct. Immediately after hatching the little larva places itself, if possible, in a position which allows the breathing tube to be exposed to the air. The mature larva is cylindrical, slender, and from 8.5 mm. to 9.5 mm. long. The greatest diameter, which occurs in the anterior region of the body, is about 1 mm. The color is light brown. In the mid abdominal region a whitish or silvery appearance is common and is in part due to the fact that the longitudinal tracheal trunks show through the integument to some extent. The body is composed of the head, three thoracic segments, and eight abdominal segments. The head is much smaller than the adjacent thoracic segment. It is smooth, deep brown in color, and strongly chitinized. A pair of oval brown eye spots are present on the anterior lateral aspect. The head is to some extent retractile, and may be partially withdrawn into the thorax. The lateral margins of the clypeus converge posteriorly. Minute antennz appear as a number of tiny rods of similar shape and size. The tip of the labrum is spiny and also bears a few sete. The mouth parts, which are setose and denticulate, are enclosed in a sunken space on the anterior part of the ventral aspect of the head. On either side of the labrum and attached to the ventral surface is a pair of setose segmented appendages which in the living larva are in constant motion being rapidly extended and retracted and apparently serving as pre- hensile organs. Two pairs of clusters of setae occur laterally, one pair near the eye spots and the other pair nearer the prothoracic segment. Setze also occur on the dorsal aspect of the head, one aggregation located midway between the eye spots, two setz near the middle, and two sete near the caudal margin. The thoracic segments are distinct and each shows one well marked constriction which divides it into an anterior and a posterior annulus. The posterior annulus of the prothoracic segment bears four groups of setae (usually two in each group), two dorsal and two ventral. The ventral group usually has one long seta. The dorsal surface of the pos- terior prothoracic annulus bears two small brown protuberances, one on either side and dorso-lateral in position. The tip of each protuberance bears a closed spiracle which is the terminus of a branch of the tracheal system. The mesothorax and metathorax have one constriction each, and in other respects are similar to the prothorax, with the exception that the diameter is slightly increased. The thorax as a whole is smooth, and the fine chitinous surface spines are much smaller than those on the abdominal segments. The first abdominal segment has one constriction, but the following six have two thus marking off each segment into an anterior, a median, and a posterior annulus. The sete on the first segment are arranged as in the thoracic segments, while in the following segments ventral groups. 416 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, occur on the anterior and posterior annuli of each. Two groups of setee occur on the dorsal aspect of each posterior annulus. The entire ‘surface of the first seven abdominal segments, excluding the interseg- mental grooves and the constrictions, are thickly studded with fine brown chitinous spines. The eighth, ninth and tenth abdominal seg- ments bear, on the dorsal surface, nine chitinous plates, one on each annulus. These plates are brown, heavily chitinized, and transversely elongated. They are not uniform either in size or shape, but in general the nearer the caudal region the larger do they become. The plates on segments nine and ten are approximately constant in size and shape in the different specimens, but in segment eight there is some variation. Usually three plates are present, but occasionally a specimen is found in which one may be very diminutive, or even entirely lacking. The plate on the posterior annulus shows the greatest variability. In exceptional cases it may be entirely absent, but the common form of the variation is in the size and shape. Judging from the predominance of the specimens showing it, the common form seems to be a central, somewhat quadrate plate with a small circular plate on either side. Other specimens may show the middle plate reduced to the size of the two small lateral ones. Still others show one of the lateral plates appar- ently fused with the central piece, and finally, specimens were examined in which the lateral plates were absent and the middle plate well devel- oped. It seems probable that the latter has come about by the complete fusion of the two lateral plates to the median. The terminal (eleventh) segment is smooth, heavily chitinized, and tapers caudad. The tip is emarginated. It bears two dorsal projections which show a few strong bristles; also two ventral projections, longer than the dorsal. Each of the four projections is armed at the extreme end with a crown of strong bristles. The anal opening is on the ventral side of segment eleven and near its base. The opening occurs on an anal papilla which is composed of four lobes. The region immediately sur- rounding the papilla is not chitinized, but close behind it is a lunate chitinous plate. Several long sete: occur near the papilla. This larva differs distinctly from that of Ps. schizura in length and in diameter, in the number of chitinous plates on the dorsal posterior part of the abdomen, and in the presence of eye spots. It differs from the larva of Ps. floridica in the annu- lation of the body, in the number of setz present and in the number of dorsal abdominal plates. The larva of Ps. domestica differs chiefly in the length and in the number of dorsal thoracic and abdominal plates. The larva of Ps. nocturnala differs principally in the form of the body and the number of dorsal abdominal plates. THE PUPA. (bigsanleezene hXexexdr) The pupa rests on the sides of the filter stones, often com- pletely surrounded by sludge with only the breathing tubes 1912] Life History of a New Psychoda : 417° exposed. It is rather sluggish and moves about slowly from place to place by means of ‘a wriggling movement of the abdomen. A large number of pupz were measured and it was found that the average length exclusive of the respiratory tubes was 4.5 mm. The range of variation was from 4.02 mm. to 4.86. The greatest diameter which is in the region of the developing wings had an average length of 0.84 mm., the variation being 0.72 mm. to 0.9 mm. When first transformed the pupa is pale in color like the larva but soon becomes darker. The head and thorax with their accompanying parts are usually deep brown. The thoracic respiratory tubes (Fig. 9, Pl. XX XII) are long and slender. Measurements show the average length to be 0.58 mm. and the extremes of variation from 0.54 mm. to 0.66 mm. Each consists of two parts, a short, yellow, indistinctly wrinkled, proximal stalk, and a much longer, dark, distal part. The latter has its maximum diameter at the base and tapers gradually towards the tip. Under magnification it shows a large number of fine transverse wrinkles. On the dorsal surface two approximately parallel rows of small clear circular spots extend from the base to the tip and there are aggregated into a small terminal cluster. According to Miall and Walker (1895, p. 146) these spots are the external openings of the large trachea which traverses the organ. Dell (1905, p. 303) however, has shown in Psychoda sexpunctata, a European species, that in places the tracheal extension bulges through the wall of the respiratory tube thus giving rise to the clear circular spots. The abdomen is widest at its junction with the thorax and it grad- ually tapers caudad. The spines along the lateral margins are mod- erately developed and each normally ends in a fine stiff hair. The inter- segmental grooves are both wide and deep, distinctly marking off the segments. Chitin is minimized in these intersegmental grooves and this accounts for the ability of the abdomen to perform rather active move- ments. These grooves are also much lighter in color than the contiguous parts thus giving the abdomen a banded appearance. The regions between the intersegmental grooves are strongly chitinized. Each bears an armature of spines on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. On the former there is a single row of spines on the caudal margin of each segment while on the latter there are two rows on each segment, one near the middle of the segment and composed of large spines only, the other on the caudal margin of the segment and composed of large and small spines. Figures 1 and 2 show the number, comparative sizes, and disposal of these spines on the two surfaces. The examination of a large number of pupz showed that the size and arrangement of these spines are constant and that there is only a very slight variation in the num- ber, the variation being confined to the small spines. These small spines may be simple or compound (with double tips)and those on a given segment may vary to the amount of one or two in different specimens. The dor- sal surface of the base of the last segment bears two simple laterally projecting spines and two similar spines occur on the ventral surface. 418 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, The caudal extremity of the last segment is laterally compressed and is equipped with two pairs of spines, one dorsal and the other ventral in position. The former is only moderately developed while the latter is strongly developed. The spines in both pairs diverge caudad and in each pair the component spines are separated by a distinct emargination. This pupa differs from that of Ps. schizura in the length and diameter, in the number of abdominal spines, the character of the intersegmental grooves, and the character of the head region. It differs from the pupa of Ps. floridica chiefly in the character of the respiratory tubes and the number and arrange- ment of the abdominal spines. The pupa of Ps. nocturnala differs in the number of rows of spines on the first abdominal segment, and in size. The pupa of Ps. domestica differs markedly in the shape of the abdomen, in size and in the character of the abdominal spines. Studies on the structure and activities of the different stages of this species are now in progress and the results will be published later. The writer considered it unnecessary to give a complete bibliography of the literature on Psychodide. ‘The following list includes only the papers referred to in the article. LITERATURE CITED. Dell, J. A. 1905. Structure and Life History of Psychoda sexpunctata. Transac- tions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 293-311. Fullaway, D. T. 1907. Immature Stages of a Psychodid Fly. Entomological News, Vol. XVIII, pp. 386-889. Haseman, L. 1907. A Monograph on the North American Psychodidae, including ten new species and an Aquatic Psychodid from Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. XX XIII, pp. 299-333. 1908. Notes on the Psychodidae. Entomological News, Vol. XIX, pp. 274-285. Kellogg, V. L. 1901. An Aquatic Psychodid. Entomological News, Vol. XII, pp. 46-50. Miall, L. C., and Walker, N. 1895. The Life History of Pericoma canescens, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. pp. 141-147. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XXXI. Psychoda albimaculata, n. sp. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of the pupa. Fig. 2. Ventral view of pupa. Fig. 8. Eggs. Drawn shortly after oviposition. Fig. 4. Basal joints of the antenna. Hairs and scales not shown. Fig. 5. Distal joints of the antenna. Hairs and scales not shown. PLATE XXXII. Fig Dorsal view of the mature larva. 6 7. Dorsal view of the male genitalia. Hairs not shown. Fig. 8. Lateral view of the male genitalia. Hairs not shown. . 9. Dorsal view of one of the pupal respiratory tubes. Fig. 10. Ventral plate of the female. Fig. 11. Ovipositor. ANNALS E. S. A. VOL. V, PEATE XXEXT, Lomm, Yu TTT ®P. S.. Welch. Lm”. ANNAIS E. S. A. ; VoL. V, PLATE XXXII. cE pulang) P. S. Welch. STOMOXYS CALCITRANS LINN. Cuas. K. BRAIN, B. A., F. E. S., Entomologist.* Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. has often been suspected of being an agent in the transmission of disease, and the recent experi- ments of Rosenau, Anderson and Frost seem to show con- clusively that this insect can, and may, transmit Acute Poliomyelitis in animals—monkeys were used. Fig. 1. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. 2. (After Austen.) It is not said that Stomoxys calcitrans is the actual carrier of Infantile Paralysis in Nature, but its common occurrence in localities where the disease is most prevalent, and its ability to transmit the disease from sick to healthy animals, makes further study of the species desirable. Considerable mention has been made of this fly in the entomological literature of the last fifty years, chiefly in relation to its occurrence in stables, and various methods have been recommended for its destruc- *This work was undertaken in connection with experimental work now being conducted by the Ohio State Board of Health, and the blocks used for the illustrations are the property of that Board. 421 422 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, tion, but, as far as I could ascertain, no work has been done in this country on its mouthparts and internal anatomy. Four papers in England and one of minor importance in France, which apply to this genus, if not to this particular species, are included in the Bibliography. Facts relating to its life-history have been recorded by Packard and others, and Prof. James S. Hine of Ohio State University is at present working on this side of the subject. The writer made observations on its life-history in South Africa, and conducted feeding experiments in connection with the transmission of a Trypanosoma disease from Portuguese East Africa. When on this work it was noticed that very few Stomoxys calcitrans larvee could be obtained from old, heating manure, but that, as a rule, perfectly fresh horse dung was chosen for oviposition. Where this was collected into heaps with stable refuse, and generated heat, nearly all the larve found in it were of Musca domestica. In rooms where food was kept the majority of flies were of the latter species, Stomoxys calcitrans being most prevalent in such places on dull, cool days. Counts were made of flies caught in the windows of two rooms of the Government Experiment Station at Rosebank, near Cape Town in 1910. In room A, the laboratory, over 40% of the flies caught in a week were Stomoxys calcitrans, while in room B, one of the living rooms, Musca domestica, comprised 93% of the flies caught, while Stomoxys calcitrans was rarely taken, representing less than 3% of the whole. The distance between the two rooms was approximately 35 feet. The three flies most common in houses, all of which have a very wide distribution, being almost universal, are Musca domestica, the House-Fly, Homalomyia_ canicularis, the Lesser House-Fly, and Stomoxys calcitrans, The Stable-Fly. The particulars given with the accompanying figures in Plate XXXIII will suffice for their identification in the various stages. Musca domestica Linn. The House-Fly. Egg: About 1 mm. long, elongate, cylindrical, oval, rather more pointed at the anterior end, dull chalky white in color. About 100 to 150 eggs laid in a mass in crevices in house refuse or accumulations of horse manure. Eggs hatch under favorable conditions in 8 to 24 hours. Larva: 7 to 10 mm. long when full grown, greasy white in general color, except for the darker color of the contents of the alimentary tract. This larva can be distinguished from others by the shape and size of the plates which surround the posterior respiratory apertures. 1912] Stomoxys Calcitrans Linn. 423 These are situated on the broad end of the body and are close together, comparatively large, and circular except for the inside edges, which are straight. Under favorable conditions the larva is full grown and pupates in from 4 to 7 days. (See Fig. 2). Pupa: Yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, barrel shaped, but tapering slightly towards the anterior end, 6 to 8 mm. long. (See Fig. 3.) Under most favorable conditions of temperature and humidity the pupal stage lasts 3 to 5 days. Adult: The normal length is about 6 or 7 mm., mouse gray in color, while the thorax has four black, longitudinal stripes, which are usually most sharply defined in front. It may be noticed that the compound eyes more nearly meet on top of the head in the male than in the female. The proboscis, at rest, is not visible from above. The end of the 4th longitudinal vein bends sharply up so as to nearly join the vein above it. (See Fig. 1.) Females hibernate in winter. The House-Fly cannot bite and does not suck blood. Homalomyia canicularis, Linn. The Lesser House-Fly. Egg: This has not been studied by the writer but it is reported to be deposited in decaying animal and vegetable matter. Larva: About 8 mm. long when full grown, brownish yellow in color and somewhat abruptly narrowed in front. This larva may readily be distinguished from that of Musca domestica or of Stomoxys calcitrans by the presence of spines shown in Fig. 5. ~ Pupa: The bristles of the last larval stage still persist in the pupa as does also the brownish coloration. The case is, however, somewhat shorter than the extended larva. (See Fig. 6.) Adult: Normal length about 6 mm., but this fly is much more slender than the common house-fly. The thorax is blackish or dull grey, but the distinct longitudinal stripes are not noticeable in the <. Front of head shining white in the o’, while that of the 2 is darkish grey. Width of vertex in the o is one-seventh; in the 2 one-third the total width of the head. The proboscis is not visible from above. End of 4th longitudinal vein not bent up towards the vein above but parallel . to it. When this fly is at rest the tips of the wings are nearer together than in Musca domestica. This adds to the narrower and smaller appearance of the insect, and no doubt accounts, in some degree, for the common, but erroneous idea that these are young house-flies. Like the house-fly this species cannot bite and does not suck blood. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. The Stable Fly. Egg: About 1 mm. long, white, elongate and banana-like in shape. One side straight, with a deep groove, the other curved. Laid in small masses of 40 to 70, in accumulation of moist and fermenting vegetable matter (straw, etc.), or in fresh horse manure. At favorable temper- ature the eggs hatch in 2 to 4 days. Larva: Length when full grown about 10 mm., very similar in appearance and color to the larva of Musca domestica, but may be read- ily distinguished by the plates of the respiratory tubes which are “dis- 424 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, tinctly smaller, circular, and from 4 to 6 times as far apart. (See Fig. 8.) Larval stage usually lasts 15 to 21 days, but may be extended under unfavorable conditions up to 80 days. Pupa: Bright reddish brown to chestnut brown in color, and nor- mally 6 mm. long; precisely similar to that of Musca domestica from which it may be distinguished by the plates in the same manner as the larva. In summer the adults usually emerge in 9 to 13 days after pupa- tion. (See Fig. 9.) Adult: Normal length about 7 mm., rather more robust in shape than either of the foregoing, darkish grey. Thorax with 4 conspicuous blackish longitudinal stripes. Abdomen without ochraceous-buff patches but dotted with clove-brown, the spots usually more conspic- uous in the @. Vertex 1 in o&, and 4 in @ the width of the whole head. Proboscis shining black, projecting horizontally in front of the head, visible from above when not feeding. The end of the 4th longi- tudinal vein bent up, but not so much as in Musca domestica. (See Fig. 7.) A biting fly, both sexes suck blood from human beings as well as from cattle, horses, etc. Common about farmyards and stables, and common in houses near such places, especially on dull days. This accounts for the old saying in the country districts, that it is a sign of rain when the flies bite. External Mouth Parts. Unlike some of the other well known Blood-Sucking Diptera the male of this species feeds also on blood, and I have been unable to determine any difference between the mouth parts of the two sexes of Stomoxys calcitrans. The following description will therefore apply equally well to male or female. The exter- nal mouth-parts consist of maxillary palpi and the proboscis. (Plate XXXIV, Fig. 1. mxp. and pr.) Maxille proper and man- dibles are not found, the proboscis consisting of the labrum, hypopharnyx and the labium. The maxillary palpi consist of a single segment and are approximately one-fourth the length of the proboscis. The proboscis, in a resting position, extends horizontally below the head and may be plainly seen projecting for about one-third of its length in front of the head. In this position its base is closely applied to the lower part of the head in the ventral groove, but when extended it will be observed that its attachment to the lower chitinous skeleton is membranous, except for the two strong apodemes. (ap. in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, Plate XXXIV.) The maxillary palpi are attached to this membranous cone, and do not, in any part, enclose the proboscis. The proboscis is 1912] Stomoxys Calcitrans Linn. 425 somewhat longer than the height of the head, distinctly thick- ened, in the basal half, black, shining, and practically smooth. The Jabium, or lower lip, is the strong black part referred to, and this constitutes the sheath for the labrum and hypo- pharynx. The labium consists of three segments. (Plate XXXIV, Fig. 1, 2, 2, 22). Segment 7 is eight to ten times the length of the other two together. Segment 7 is very small and inconspicuous, and segment 722 is composed of the labella. Throughout the whole length of the labium is the dorsal groove, in which lie the labrum and hypopharynx. This dorsal groove is deep in the basal part and becomes gradually more and more shallow distally. Near the extreme base it is practically closed above by the overlapping of the dorsal margins of the labium. (Plate XXXIV, Fig. 3.) The outer chitinous walls of the labium are comparatively thin but very hard, while the interior is completely filled by muscles and trachee. (Plate XXXIV, Fig. 3 me. and ir.) Segment a of the labium, as has been said, is very small, and appears as a small section of chitin in the joint between a and wm. Segment iz is composed of the labella, fitting together as one might place the palms of the hands together with the fingers pointing forward. Around the margins of the labella, under low power, smaller and larger hair-like processes may be seen projecting, while if a labellum be removed and its inner surface examined under the microscope its structure will be found to be elaborate and interesting. Figure 5 shows the inner surface of the right labellum, with its lower or ventral wall at vw, and the dorsal margin at dm. It will be seen that there are five strong chitinous teeth, ct., anda series of chitinous blades, cb., which are more delicate. In addition to these there are a number of longer or shorter sete on the distal and ventral margins. The Labrum (of Hansen) or upper lip, (Jb, Figs. 2, 3 and 4) (=labrum-epipharynx of Newstead) reaches nearly to the base of the labella. Its shape in section is readily seen from Figure 3, /b., where it will be noticed that its lateral margins are incurved below to form a definite tube with a rather broad slit. When feeding the tube is completed by the hypopharynx. (hp., in Figs. 2, 3 and 4). The labrum is thickened at the base, is somewhat strongly chitinised, and has a sharp, flattened, tri- 426 Annals Entomological Society of America, [Vol. V, angular, and highly chitinized point. At intervals along the inner surface, are sense organs, each with a short clear hair. The Hypopharynx is as long as the labrum, and consists, until its distal end is neared, of a tube. (Fig. 3, hp.,) The apical part, however, is flattened and membranous, and quite unsuited for piercing. Method of Feeding. When about to feed Stomoxys calcitrans raises the body somewhat higher than the normal position on the legs, and brings the proboscis into practically a vertical position. The posterior part of the body is, in some cases, decidedly elevated. The tip of the proboscis is in this manner brought into contact with the skin of the host and the first puncture made. This, I believe, is performed by the labella, which are slightly parted so that the chitinous teeth and blades can be brought into operation. If blood emerges from the puncture it is sucked up, but if not I imagine the labella are depressed laterally and the point of the labrum forced into the host. I have observed on several occasions, when allowing S. calcitrans to bite, that there is often a decided stab after the first puncture had been completed. The saliva is conducted to the wound by means of the hypopharynx, into the base of which the salivary duct opens. (Sd. int Figs. 2.and “4"sG) imme) The blood is conveyed to the pharynx by means of the tube formed by the labrum and hypopharynx combined, which is in turn enclosed by the dorsal groove of the labium. The pharynx proper has strongly chitinised walls, and pow- erful muscles, which make it well adapted for sucking. Digestive System. The relative position of the different parts of the alimentary canal in Stomoxys calcitrans are shown, in diagrammatic form, in Fig. 2. Beginning with the proboscis it will be seen to con- sist of the following parts: J. hp., the canal formed by the labrum and hypopharynx combined. g., the tube leading from this canal to the pharynx proper. ph., the pharynx proper. oe., the oesophagus, which passes through the brain at the point indicated. pr., the proventriculus, from which two ducts pass backward, viz., d. ss., the duct of the sucking stomach, 1912] Stomoxys Calcitrans Linn. 427 and the one dorsal to this, which is the thoracic intestine. s. St., the sucking stomach. 7., the abdominal intestine. m. t., the junction of the abdominal intestine and the proctodeum, at which point the Malpighian tubes enter. 7., the rectum. a., the anus. SHER. Fig. 2. Stomoxys calcitrans L. Semi-diagrammatic view of longitudinal section showing alimentary canal. The food canal of the proboscis was described earlier in this paper, and this leads to a sausage-shaped tube, which has chitinous, and spirally thickened walls, and which is plainly seen in the membranous cone when the proboscis is extended for feeding. (Plate XXXIV, Figs. 2 and 4, g.) This, in turn, opens into the pharynx, which is roughly triangular in shape, having its upper edges drawn out into chitinous projections as muscle attachments. The cesophagus, on emerging from the pharynx, is wide and flattened, but soon becomes narrower and assumes a cylindrical form. It passes slightly forward and upward, turns abruptly backward through the brain and into the thorax, where it enters the ventral, anterior part of the proventriculus. The proventriculus is situated in the anterior third of the thorax, and, when seen from above, is a delicate white sac, circular in outline. It is roughly the shape of a mush- room, with its convex surface upward. The intestine arises from its posterior upper surface, while the cesophagus enters the ventral surface. Slightly posterior to this, again, on the ventral surface, the duct of the sucking stomach arises. During its course through the thorax the intestine is prac- tically of uniform thickness, but at about the point where it passes over the sucking stomach it becomes thicker, its walls,. 428 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, at the same time, becoming thinner. The abdominal intestine is approximately three times the length of the fly. The thick- ened part, 7. e., that nearest the sucking stomach, is the only part coiled, and this hes in three simple, superposed coils, gradually narrowing to each end. Posterior to this the intestine continues, of practically uniform thickness, to the rectum. i Fig. 3. Stomoxys calcitrans L. Salivary glands and left Malpighian tube (semi-diagrammatic). The rectum is a transparent sac, cone-shaped, with the apex toward the anus. It contains four rectal glands, which are long and trumpet like in shape, and terminates in a narrow tube leading to the anus. The appendages of the alimentary canal are the sucking stomach, the salivary glands, and the Malpighian tubes. The sucking stomach, when filled with blood, occupies the greater part of the abdomen, but when examined before the insect has fed, it lies in the anterior third, immediately above the salivary glands. Its walls are thin, being composed of a single layer of cells with interrupted strands of muscle fibre. 1912] Stomoxys Calcitrans Linn. 429 The salivary glands (Fig. 3, s. g.) are situated partly in the thorax, and partly in the abdomen. Their two ducts arise from the common salivary duct (Plate XXXIV, Figs. 2 and 4, sd.) in the head, and follow a parallel course through the thorax until the abdomen is reached. Here they become slightly wider apart, and then make a sharp turn outward and forward. Their extreme ends are slightly enlarged. ‘Throughout their whole course they occupy a ventral position to the remainder of the alimentary canal. The Malpighian tubes, m. ¢. in Fig. 3, are long, slender, and much coiled. They are readily seen in dissections, being easily distinguished by their opaque and yellowish appearance. They arise from the narrow, lower intestine, a single tube on each ‘side. From each of these, in turn, two tubules branch, those of the left side only being indicated in the figure. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Hansen, H. J. Mouth parts of Glossina and Stomoxys, pp. 105-109 in the Monograph of Tsetse Flies by E. E. Austin, London, 1903. Tulloch, F. M. G. The Internal Anatomy of Stomoxys. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B., Vol. 77. 1905-6, pp. 523-531. Also in Jour. Army Med. Corps, Lond. Vol. 7. 1906. pp. 154-162. 5 Figs. The species dealt with in this paper is not known, as Lieut. Tulloch ‘states: ‘‘The dissections of the local variety of Stomoxys, which form the subject of this Note, were made at the suggestion of Prof. Minchin, during his direction of the Royal Society’s Commission on Sleeping Sickness in Entebbe, Uganda. Lieutenant Tulloch describes the Digestive System, the Nervous System, the Circulatory System, and the ™ and 2 Generative Organs. Giles, G. M. The Anatomy of the Biting Flies of the Genus Stomoxys and Glossina. Journ. Trop. Med. Lond. Vol. 9. 1906. pp. 99, 153, 169, 182, 198, ‘217, and 235. 1 Pl. and 36 Figs. The parts dealing with the digestive tract, and the reproductive organs are taken mainly from Tulloch and Minchin, whose figures are reproduced. ‘Stephens, J. W. W., and Newstead, R. The Anatomy of the Proboscis of Biting Flies Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasitol. Liverpool, Vol. 1. 1907. pp. 171-198. 8 pls. ‘Surcouf, J., and Picard, F. Note sur les diptéres du genre Stomoxys en Abyssinie Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Par. Vol. 1, 1908. pp. 195-198. This paper deals with the Genus Stomoxys in general but the following particulars are given on the mouth parts: “Appareil buccal: L’appareil buccal est réduit; il se compose en dessus, d’un labre triangulaire, tranchant sur les bords et limitant une cavité ou se trouve la langue ou hypopharynx, non piquante et percée d’un canal en son milieu. “‘La lévre inférieure, tranchante, faite en forme de gouge, pénétre dans les tissus et forme le dessous. Cette lévre inférieuer porte deux prolongements nommés paraglosses, qui sont hérissés de grosses épines tactiles. Elle porte les palpes prés de sa base, et, au repos, sert 4 envelopper la langue.”’ 430 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. PEATE SexOGhile Figs. 1—9 after drawings by Terzi in Reports to Local Goy. Bd. on Public Health, Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Sete ores Meth aiia me eh WS) Or N.S. No. 5. 1909. London. Musca domestica Linn., perfect insect. Musca domestica Larva. Musca domestica Pupa. Homalomyia canicularis, Linn., perfect insect. Homalomyia canicularis, Larva. Homalomyia canicularis Pupa. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn., perfect insect. Stomoxys calcitrans Larva. Stomoxys calcitrans Pupa. N. B.—AIl figures are 4 times natural size. PLATE XXXIV. External mouth parts of Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. Median longitudinal section of skeleton of front of head showing antennae,. maxillary palpi and proboscis; v, vertex; ant., antenna; ar., arista; p., left maxillary palpus; ap., apodeme; pr., proboscis; I, II, III, segments of labium; III, showing left labellum. Proboscis with labium removed; ap., apodeme; ph., pharynx; sd., salivary duct; g., lower part of oesophagus connecting the food canal of proboscis. with the pharynx; I, portion of base of labium; lb., labrum; h. p., hypopharynx. Transverse section of base of proboscis. I outer wall of base of Segment I of labium; m. c., muscle cells; lb., section of labrum; h. p., section of hypopharynx; fe., food canal formed by labrum and hypopharynx combined; s. c., salivary canal of hypopharynx; tr., trachea; k., keel of chitin which gives rigidity to the base of labial groove. Base of proboscis with labium removed (adapted from Hansen’s fig.); m., right muscle of enlargement of salivary duct s. d.; ph., pharynx; g., tube leading to pharynx; ap., base of apodeme.; lb., labrum; h. p., hypopharynx; b. h. p., base of hypopharynx; k, part of keel; see Fig. 3. Inner surface of right labellum; vw., ventral wall; d. m., dorsal margin; ct., chitinous teeth; cb., chitinous blades; h., hair-like processes (adapted from Hansen’s fig.). UiIpld “xO ‘TIIXXX 31vTd ‘A “TOA "VY °S ‘ SIVNNYV Vou. V, PLATE XXXIV. OIC Brain. K. C. INDEX OF abunensis, Iphiaulax, 220. aciculatus, Pezomachus, 136. acutipleura, Tipula, 42. Aeschnide, 278. Agelena nevia, 4. Agriotypus armatus, 65, 70. alaope, Cerceris, 22. albifasciata, Tipula, 344. albimacula, Tipula, 51. albovittata, Tipula, 61. Alexander, C. P., article by, 343. alta, Tipula, 44. Amaurobius, 7. amazonica, Microtipula, 361. americana, Ranatra, 281. americanum, Lethocerus, 281. americanus, Pezomachus, 137. americanus, Theroscopus, 114. Amnicola, 278. amoena, Scolia, 317. ampla, Cerceris, 16. Anagrus subfuscus, 65, 70. Anatomy of Icerya purchasi, 383. Anax, 278. junius, 278. anceps, Scolia, 338. Andrena, 236. annularis, Pomoxis, 276. annulatum, Micromeson, 137, 189. annulatus, Pezomachus, 137. Aphredoderus sayanus, 276. apiculata, Nepa, 281. Apis, 236. Apis mellifica, 234. Apterophygus, 113, 114. Aptesis, 113, 114. Aquatic Hymenoptera in America, 65. aquatica, Prestwichia, 70. aquivolans, Hydrophylax, 65, 70. arelate, Cerceris, 18. Arenobius, 141. coloradanus, 141. mississippiensis, 144. sontus, 143. Ariadna bicolor, 3. apterogyne, Tipula, 344. armatipennis, Tipula, 347. armatus, Agriotypus, 65, 70. ashmeadii, Pezomachus, 119, 120, 135. aspersa, Tipula, 51. Asynacta, 65. atacama, Tipula, 357. atrisumma, Tipula, 42. Atypus, 3. Augochlora, 237. auripes, Pezomachus, 184. aymara, Tipula, 353. VOLUME V. badia, Triscolia, 314. bakeri, Rhogas, 221. Banks, Nathan, article by, 11. Bartlett, O. C., article by, 293. Belostoma, 277. Benacus griseus, 281. biarmata, Tipula, 55. bicincta, Scolia, 316. bicolor, Ariadna, 3. bicolor, Eucystomastax, 223. bicornuta, Cerceris, 16. bidens, Scolia, 3388. bidentata, Cerceris, 16. bifalcata, Tipula, 55. bifasciata, Scolia, 338. bifasciatus, Rhogas, 222. bilineatum, Ophion, 282. Binarea, 209, 211. Binarea calida, 209. spinicollis, 210. biuncus, Tipula, 58. Bombus, 234, 236. Bombus terricola, 233. bonikus, Polydesmus, 168. Bracon, crassitarsis, 213. pareensis, 212. thalessiformis, 215. Braconide, Brazilian, 193. Bradley, J. C., Venation, 78. Brain, C. K., article by, 179, 421. Branner, J. C., 193. branneri, Megaplectes, 195. brasiliensis, Chelonus, 206. brasiliensis, Crypturopsis, 198. brasiliensis, Helorimorpha, 204. brasiliensis, Mirax, 205. Brazilian Ichneumonide and Braconide, 193. brevistylus, Pezomachus, 119. Bruchus, 377. chinensis, 377. bruesii, Pezomachus, 136. Brues, C. T., article by, 193. Buwatia, 159. monterea, 159. By-Laws, IX. calcitrans, Stomoxys, 421, 423. calida, Binarea, 209. californica, Tipula, 49. Campanotus, 236. canicularis, Homalomyia, 423. capensis, Pseudococcus, 182. capitata, Ceratitis, 400. carapune, Iphiaulax, 219. Caraphractus cinctus, 68, 70. 433 454 -catawba, Cerceris, 25. cenoccelius tricolor, 208. -cervulus nodicornis, 212. Ceratitis Capitata, 400. Cerceris, Notes on the Eastern Species of, 11 »Cerceris alaope, 22. ampla, 16. arelate, 18. bicornuta, 16. blakei, 26. catawba, 25. ~ chryssipe, 18. clymene, 20. clypeata, 18. compacta, 17. compar, 25. dentifrons, 18. deserta, 18, 22. fasciola, 23. finitima, 27. finitima nigroris, 27. firma, 20. frontata, 16. fulvipediculata, 24. fumipennis, 17. gnara, 22. halone, 24. imitatoria. 20. insolita, 23. irene, 26. jucunda, 26. juncunda carolina, 26. kennicotti, 25. nigrescens, 20. mandibularis, 17. morata, 19. prominens, 19. psamathe, 21. robertsoni, 17. tufinoda, 26. zelica, 23. cetepurange, Tetragonochora, 194. Chamberlin, R. V., article by, 141. Change of names of Tipula, 61. Chelonus brasiliensis, 206. chilensis, Macromastix, 344. Chilopods and Diplopods, New North. American, 141. chinensis, Bruchus, 377. Chorebus natator, 70. chryssipe, Cerceris, 18. cinctus, Caraphractus, 68, 70. citri, Pseudococcus, 178. clara, Tipula, 61. clymene, Cerceris, 20. clypeata, Cerceris, 18. cockerelli, Pezomachus, 123. coloradanus, Arenobius, 141. coloradensis, Pezomachus, 122. Index to Volume V. commiscibilis, Tipula, 61. communis, Linyphia, 4. compacta, Cerceris, 17. compar, Cerceris, 25. Comstock, J. H. ,article by, 1. concinna, Tipula, 61. Conotrachalus nenuphr, Death feign- ing, 391. consors, Scolia, 317. Constitution, VII. contaminata, Tipula, 61. convergens Cerceris, 21. cornigerum, Glyptocranium, 2. Cosilide, 311. Courtship of Trogoderma, 374. crassitarsis, Bracon, 213. crassus, Mesostenoideus, 197. craveri, Tipula, 344. Cremnodes, 113, 114. cressonii, Pezomachus, 136. Crosby, C. R., and Matheson, Robert, article by, 65. Cryptanura hyalina, 201. Cryptopyge obtusa, 194. Crypturopsis, 198. brasiliensis, 198. minor, 199. striata, 201. uniformis, 200. Cryptus heathi, 196. cubensis, Scolia, 318. Curtis, C. F., article by, 273. cylindrata, Tipula, 46. Cyclosa, 9. Cystomastax, 223. Dacnusa rousseaui, 70. Damages of Trogoderma, 369, Death feigning Conotrachelus nenuphar, 391. Death Feigning Instinct genia, 37. dentifrons, Cerceris, 18. derbyi, Tipula, 47. deserta, Cerceris, 18, 22. devorans, Lithobius, 147. Dictyna foliacea, 6. sublata, 7. volucripes, 6. differentialis, Melanoplus, 231. Diplopods and Chilopods, New North American, 141. dispar, Pezomachus, 125. Distribution of Trogoderma, 369. Doane, R. W., article by, 41. Dolerus, 232. Dolerus unicolor, 232. domestica, Musca, 422. Dragon-fly Nymphs, Observations on the Ecology of, 273. dubia dubia, Scolia, 318. in Hepta- Index to dubia hematodes, Scolia, 320. dubitatus, Heterospilus, 226. . edwardsi, Tipula, 344. Elidine, 311. Entomology, Faunistic Studies, 63. Epicordulia, 278. Erax, 244. Eucystomastax, 223. bicolor, 223. excisus, Iphiaulax, 217. fasciiventris, Heterospilus, 224. fasciola, Cerceris, 23. Faunistic Studies in Entomology, 63. Feeding of Trogoderma, 375. Felt, numerals in classification, 76. Biology of miastor oligarces, 87. ferruginosus, Pezomachus, 136. fervida, Triscolia, 315. Field, W. L. W., Hybrid Butterflies, 87. Filistata, 7. firma, Cerceris, 20. fisheri, Helorimorpha, 205. flavescens, Perca, 276. flavicoma, Tipula, 57. flavocauda, Tipula, 60. flavocinctus, Pezomachus, 1138, 129. flavocostalis, Scolia, 321. flavomarginata, Tipula, 46. Flight of Insects, A Problem in the, 61. foersteri, Pezomachus, 136. foliacea, Dictyna, 6. Food and Feeding in Heptagenia, 33. fortis, Iphiaulax, 216. Fossil May-flies, 102. fragilis, Pseudococcus, 186. frontata, Cerceris, 16. fulvilineata, Tipula, 61. fulvinodus, Tipula, 45. fulvipes, 24. fulvipediculata, Cerceris, 24. fulviventris, Scolia, 323. fumipennis, Cerceris, 17. fumipennis, Tipula, 359. fuscipennis, Scolia, 324. garius, Paraiulus, 167. Gee and Wilson, article by, 391. gerriphagus, Limnodytes, 67, 68, 70. geronimor, Soniphilus, 158. Gerris, remigis, 67. gibbosus, Lepomis, 276. Glyptocranium cornigerum, 2. gnara, Cerceris, 22. Gosibius, 146. monicus, 146. gracilis, Pezomachus, 136. graphica, Tipula, 61. griseus, Benacus, 281. guato, Tipula, 349. Volume V. 435 guttata azteca, Scolia, 326. guttata guttata, Scolia, 325. Gyrocampa stagnalis, 65, 70. Habitat and General Habits in Hep- tagenia, 31. halone, Cerceris, 24. Hartung and Severin, article by, 400. Haseman, L., Entomology in Mis- souri, 87. heathi, Cryptus, 196. hebes, cerceris, 16. hecate, Scolia, 325, Helorimorpha brasiliensis, 204. fisheri, 205. Hemimachus, 113, 114. Hemiteles, 114. Hepialus, 234. humuli, 243. thule, 244. Hepialus Thule, The of, 239. Heptagenia interpunctata Say, 37. Heterogamus, 222. Heterospilus dubitatus, 226. fasciiventris, 224. meridionalis, 225, 226. nigrescens, 226. histrio, Polycyrtus, 201. Homalomyia canicularis, 423, Homologies in the Wing-Veins of May-flies, 89. humuli, Hepialus, 242. hyalina, Cryptanura, 201. Hydrophylax, 66. aquivolans, 65, 70. Hymenoptera, Aquatic, in America, 65. Hymenoptera, Lacinia in the Maxilla Gig PBI Hyptiotes, 8. Hypochilus, thorellii 7. Pupal Wings Icerya, purchasi, 383. Ichneumonide, Brazilian, 193. Idiasta nigripennis, 227. iginus, Poabius, 153. imitatoria, Cerceris, 20. incurva, Tipula, 43. infuscata, Macroxyela, 231. Interpunctata Heptagenia, Natural History and General Behavior Grmole Iphialax, 216. abunensis, 220. carapune, 219. excisus, 220. fortis, 217. polybothris, 219. reduvioides, 216. 436 semialbus, 217. starksi, 218. tristis, 217. xantothorax, 213. inca, Tipula, 351. inclusum, Trogoderma, 367. inconstans, Scolia, 327. Insects, A Problem in the Flight of, 61. insignipes, Rhogas, 221. insolens, Pezomachus, 136. insolita, Cerceris, 28. insularis, Pezomachus, 136. interpunctella, Plodia, 377. Ischnura, 65. Johnston, C. E., article by, 383. Johnson, C. W., color in types, etc., 86. junius, Anax, 278. kekakensis, Pezomachus, 137. kennicotti, Cerceris, 25. Kethops, 154. utahensis, 155. kirkaldyi, Ranatra, 281. kukankensis, Pezomachus, 137. kukakensis, Theroscopus, 114. Lachnosterna, 370. Lacinia in the Maxilla of Hymenop- tera, 231. latzeli, Lithobius, 152. lecontei, Scolia, 329. Lepomis gibbosus, 276. Leptis, 244. : Lethocerus americanum, 281. Liaconsine, 311. Limnodytes gerriphagus, 67. setosus, 70. Linyphia, 4. communis, 4. marginata, 4. phrygiana, 4. pusilla, 4. Lithobius, 147. devorans, 147. voracior, 150. longipes, Pezomachus, 123. longispinus, Pseudococcus, 177. longistylus, Pezomachus, 120. lounsburyi, Pseudococcus, 179. Ludvigia palustris, 68. lymense, Micromeson, 1388. lymensis, Pezomachus, 187. macrosticta, Cerceris, 16. Macroxyela, 232. infuscata, 231. MacGillivray, A. D., article by, 231,239 Macromastix, 344. chilensis, 344. Index to Volume V. macrosterna, Pachyrhina, 344. maculata, Vespa, 232. maculatus, Pezomachus, 121. maculithorax, Ophiogastrella, 202. mandibularis, Cerceris, 17. manni, Ophionellus, 203. manni, Parabinarea, 211. manni, Pezomachus, 132. marginata, Linyphia, 4. marina, Tipula, 44. Matheson, Robert, and C. R. Crosby,. article by, 65. Mating of Trogoderma, 374, maya, Tipula, 358. May-flies, Homologies in the Wing- veins, 89. May-fly tracheation, Peculiarties of, 93. Mediterranean Fruit Fly, 400. Megaplectes branneri, 195. Melanoplus differentialis, 231. mellifica, Apis, 234. mellitor, Microbracon, 213. Membership of the Society, X. meridiana, Tipula, 58. meridionalis, Heterospilus, 225, 226. Mesostenoideus crasuss, 197. Metepeira, 9. mexicana Cerceris, 17. mexicana, Scolia, 338. micariz, Pezomachus, 120. Microbracon mellitor, 213. microcephala, Tipula, 344. Microcryptus, 114. Micromeson, 137. annulatum, 137, 139. lymense, 138. Microtipula, 360. amazonica, 361. minor, Crypturopsis, 199. minutus, Pezomachus, 119. Mirax brasiliensis, 205. mississippiensis, Arenobius, 144. mohavea, Scolopendra, 156. monicus, Gosibius, 146. monifera, Tipula, 344. moniformis, Tipula, 344. monterea, Buwatia, 159. monticola, Scolia, 330. morata, Cerceris, 19. mordax Lithobius, 152. Morgan, May-fly photographs, 77. - Morgan, Anna H., article by, 89. Moulting and Life Cycle in Hep- tagenia, 38. Moulting of Trogoderma, 372. muraltize, Pseudococcus, 184. Musca domestica, 422. Mutillide, 311. Myrmoside, 311. Myzinide, 311. Index to Volume V. — 437 nevia, Agelena, 4. nankus, Poabius, 153. natans, Polynema, 65. natator, Chorebus, 70. nelson, abnormal queen bee, 78. Nemasoma, 162. uta, 162. Nepa, 277. apiculata, 281. Nephila, 9, 10. New Neotropical Tipuline, 348. New Western Tipula, 41. nigrellus, Pezomachus, 113, 121. nigropennis, Idiasta, 227. nigrescens, Cerceris, 20. nigrescens, Heterospilus, 226. nigrescens, 22, 23. nigrocorporis, 45. nigrofuscus, Pezomachus, 133. nigrolutea, Pachyrhina, 344. nobilitata, Scolia, 332. nobilitata var. maculata, Scolia, 338. nodicornis, Cervulus, 212. nodosus, Pezomachus, 128. Notonecta, 68. novomexicana, 21. obsesus, Pezomachus, 125, 136. obsoleta, Cerceris, 23. obtusa, Cryptopyge, 194. occidentalis, Tipula, 59. occipitomaculata, 22. Officers for 1912, V. olympia, Tipula, 61. Ophiogastrella, 201. maculithorax, 202. Ophion bilineatum, 232. Ophionellus, 202. manni, 203. Osborn, Herbert, article by, 61, 68. otomita, Scolia, 333. ottawensis, Pezomachus, 134. pacifica, Tipula, 48. Pachyrhina, 344. macrosterna, 344. nigrolutea, 344. trinidadensis, 346. palustris, Ludvigia, 68. Pantarves, 244. Parabinarea, 210. manni, 211. parensis, Bracon, 212. Paraiulus, 163. garius, 167. timipius, 165. tivius, 163. parishi, Tipula, 355. pellucida, Tipula, 61. pennsylvanicus, Pezomachus, 126. pennsylvanicus, Sphex, 233. Perca flavescens, 276. Peterson, Alvah, article by, 237. Pezolochus Forster, 113. Pezomachus, Key to the Species of, 115, Pezomachus, 114. aciculatus, 135. americanus, 137. annulatus, 137. ashmeadii, 119, 120, 135. auripes, 134. brevistylus, 119. bruesii, 136. cockerelli, 123. coloradensis, 122. cressonii, 136. dispar, 125. ferruginosus, 136. flavocinctus, 113, 129. foersteri, 136. gracilis, 136. insolens, 136. insularis, 186. kukakensis, 137. longipes, 123. longistylus, 120. lymensis, 187. maculatus, 121. manni, 132. micariz, 120. minutus, 119. nigrellus, 113, 121. nigrofuscus, 133. nodosus, 128. obesus, 125, 136. ottawensis, 134. pennsylvanicus, 126. robustus, 120. tufipes, 136. similis, 127. spiraculus, 124. stanfordensis, 123. texanus, 137. utahensis, 118. Pezomachini, North American, 113. Phanerotoma trivittata, 207. Pholcus, 2, 4, 5. Phototact reactions and Death Feign- ing of Trogoderma, 378. phrygiana, Linyphia, 4. Physa, 278. planicornia, Tipula, 52. Plodtay ant. interpunctella, 377. Poabius, 153. iginus, 154. nankus, 153. polybothris, Iphiaulax, 217. Polycyrtus histrio, 201. Polydesmus, 168. bonikus, 168. Polynema natans, 65. 438 Pomoxis annularis, 276. popofensis, Theroscopus, 114. Prestwichia aquatica, 65, 70. Priocnemis, 236. Proceedings of Washington Meeting, 76. prominens, Cerceris, 19. Protoparce carolina, 237. psamathe, Cerceris, 21. Pseudanomalon, 201. Pseudococcus of South Africa, 179. Pseudococcus capensis, 182. citri, 178. fragilis, 186: lounsburyi, 179. longispinus, 177. muraltiz, 184. wachendorfiez, 183. Psychoda, Observations on, 411. Psychoda, 411. albimaculata, 411. californica, 413. domestica, 413-416. floridica, 411, 413, 416. nocturnala, 413, 416. psychoda, 413. schizura, 411, 416. sexpunctata, 417. pungonius, Sozibius, 152. Pupal Wings of Hepialus Thule, 239. Pupation of Trogoderma, 374. purchasi, Icerya, 383. pusilla, Linyphia, 4. pyramis, Tipula, 53. Rahopalsomide, 311. Ranatra, 277. americana, 281. kirkaldyi, 281. reduvioides, Iphiaulax, 216. remigis, Gerris, 67. Report of the Committee on Nomen- clature, 79. of Auditing Committee, 85. by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, 80. of the Committee on Resolutions, 80. of the Executive Committee, 81. Resolutions On the Death of S. H. Scudder, 72. On the Death of H. C. McCook, 73. On the Death of D. W. Coquillett, 75. Results on Starvation of the Larve of Trogoderma, 379. Rhogas, 221, 223. bakeri, 222. bifasciatus, 222. insignipes, 221. ridingsii, Scolia, 334. robertsoni, Cerceris, 17. robustus, Pezomachus, 120. rousseaui, Dacnusa, 70. Index to Volume V. rubostigmosa, Tipula, 344. rufinoda, 12. rufipes, Pezomachus, 136. rufipes, Theroscopus, 114. rufopicta, 12. rupicola, Tipula, 50. rusticola, Tipula, 47. sayanus, Aphredoderus, 276. Scolia, 315. amoena, 317. anceps, 318. atrata, 294. bicincta, 376. bidens, 338. bifasciata, 338. campestris, 294. consors, 317. cubensis, 318. dubia dubia, 318. dubia hematodes, 320. flavifrons, 294. flavoscostalis, 321. fulviventris, 323. fuscipennis, 324. guttata azteca, 326. guttata guttata, 325. hecate, 325. inconstans, 327. lecontei, 329. mexicana, 338. monticola, 330. nobilitata, 332. nobilitata var. maculata, 338. otomita, 333. quadripuncatata, 295. ridingsii, 334. tricincta, 322. vintschgaui, 336. Scolopendra, 156. mohavea, 156. semialbus, Iphiaulax, 217. setosus, Limnodytes, 70. Severin, H. H., article by, 76, 400. sima, Tutsona, 161. similis, Pezomachus, 127. Smith Glycogen in Insects, 77. smithi, Tipula, 350. Soniphilus, 158. geronimor, 158. sontus, Arenobius, 148. Sozibius, 1538. pungonius, 153. spatha, Tipula, 59. Sphex pennsylvanicus, 238. Spiders, The Evolution of the Webs Olas spinicollis, Binarea, 210. spinipes, 152. spinulatus, Thaumatotypus, 116. spiraculus, Pezomachus, 124. Index to Volume V. 439 stagnalis, Gyrocampa, 70. stanfordensis, Pezomachus, 123. starksi, Iphiaulax, 218. , sternata, Tipula, 56. Sthenopis, 242. Stomoxys calcitrans, 421, 423. striata, Crypturopsis, 201. Strickland, E. H., article by, 113. subandina, Tipula, 344. subfuscus, Anagrus, 65, 70. sublata, Dictyna, 7. suprenans, 152. sylvicola, Tipula, 53. Tabanus, 244. taibona, Xystockeir, 170. tarsale, Trogoderma, 367. Tegenaria, 4. tepidariorium, Theridion, 5. terricola, Bombus, 233. Tetragonochora cetepurange, 194. texanus, Pezomachus, 137. thalessiformis, Bracon, 215. Thaumatotypus, Forster 113. Key to the Species of, 115. spinulatus, 116. Theridion tepidariorum, 5. Theridiosoma, 8. Theroscopus Forster, 113. Theroscopus, 114. americanus, 114. kukakensis, 114. popofensis, 114. rufipes, 114. Thigmotaxis in Heptagenia, 34. thorellii, Hypochilus, 7. thule, Hepialus, 239, 244. timipius, Paraiulus, 165. Tiphide, 311. Thynnide, 311. Tipula, Change of names. 61. Tipula, New Western, 41. Tipula acutipleura, 42. albifasciata, 344. albimacula, 51. albovittata, 61. alta, 44. apterogyne, 344. armatipennis, 347. aspersa, 51. atacama, 357. atrisumma, 42. aymara, 353. biarmata, 55. bifalcata, 55. biuncus, 58. californica, 49. clara, 61. commiscibilis, 61. concinna, 61. contaminata, 61. craveri, 344. cylindrata, 46. derbyi, 47. edwardsi, 344. flavicoma, 57. flavocauda, 60. flavomarginata, 46. fulvinodus, 45. fulvilineata, 61. fumipennis, 359. graphica, 61. guato, 349. inca, 351. incurva, 43. marina, 44. maya, 358. meridiana, 58. microcephala, 344. monifera, 344. moniliformis, 344. nigrocorporis, 45. olympia, 61. occidentalis, 59. pacifica, 48. parishi, 355. pellucida, 61. planicornia, 52. pyramis, 53. rubostigmosa, 344. rupicola, 50. tusticola, 47. smithi, 350. spatha, 59. sternata, 56. sylvicola, 53. subandina, 344. tergata, 56. ungulata, 54. variinervis, 344. vittatapennis, 61. Tipulide, 343. Tipuline, New Typotropical, 343. Tipulini, 343. Titsona, 160. sima, 161. tivius, Paraiulus, 163. Tomato-Worm Larva, Anatomy of, 237. Trachez, Costal and sub-costal, 93. Trachea, Radial, 94. Medial, 95. Cubital, 99. Anal, 100. tracheation, Peculiarities of May-fly, 93 transmarium, Lithobius, 152. tricincta, Scolia, 322. tricolor, Cenocoelius, 208. trinidadensis, Pachyrhina, 344.]} Triscolia, 3138. badia, 314. fervida, 315. 440 tristis, Iphiaulax, 217. trivittata, Phanerotoma, 207. Trogoderma, 367. tarsale, 367. inclusum, 367. Tsou, Chinese wax scale, 77. Tucker, Mistletoe Insects, 76. tyrannus, 152. Uloborus, 8. ungulata, Tipula, 54. unicolor, Dolerus, 232. uniformis, Crypturopsis, 200. uta, Nemasoma, 162. utahensis, Kethops, 155. utahensis, Pezomachus, 118. Variation in Size of Trogoderma, 378. variinervis, Tipula, 344. verticalis, Ischnura, 65. Vespa maculata, 232. Index to Volume V. Vespoidea, 311. vintschgaui, Scolia, 336. vittatapennis, Tipula, 61. volucripes, Dictyna, 6. voracior, Lithobius, 147. vorax Lithobius, 152. wachendorfiz, Pseudococcus, 183. Wasps, Digger, 294. Webster, F. M., Education of Ento- _ mologists, 86. Welsh, Paul S., article by, 411. Wilson and Gee article by 391. Wodsedalek, J. E., article by, 31. xantothorax, Iphiaulax, 213. Xystockeir, 170. taibona, 170. zelica, Cerceris, 23. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Organized 1906. OFFICERS FOR 1912. President. DEBBEHEN A SSRORBES “so Secu. os University, of Illinois, Urbana, II. First Vice-President. ASMOCSEIOPRENS 4.05.44 fine ee Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President. C. P. GILLETTE, Colorado Agricultural Exper. Sta., Fort Collins, Colo. Secretary-Treasurer. miss 1: NIAGGILLIVRAY. 252". 6... University of Illinois, Urbana, III. ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. J. H. Comstock, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. J. B. Smitu, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J. HENRY SKINNER, Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, Pa. HERBERT Osporn, Ohio State University, Columbus, O. E. D. Batt, Director Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah. P. P. CALvERT, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE. E. P. Fett, New York State Entomologist, Albany, N. Y. Term expires 1912. T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. Term expires 1913. H. T. FerNAtD, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. ‘Term expires 1914. COUNCILORS FOR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. STEPHEN A. ForsBes, University of Illinois, Urbana, III. HERBERT OsBorN, Ohio State University, Columbus, O. EDITORIAL BOARD OF ANNALS. HERBERT OSBORN, Managing Editor, Ohio State University, Columbus, O. . H. Comstock, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. _ J. S. Betuune, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont. . W. Jounson, Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. .L. KExioce, Leland Stanford Jr.University, Stanford University, Cal. . O. Howarp, Chief, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. . M. WHEELER, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. . Forsom, University of Illinois, Urbana, III. Bye Bige a v Vi Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1907. Pr OSicl Ctipeetetee. tees issu, cd arene Oa eee ae ee Pror. J. H. Comstock Pirshevaeereresident).«. (.7chA eae eee ei Dr. JAMES FLETCHER Secon: sVaee ‘President: suai: oe... 2 eats ee Dr. HENRY SKINNER Secretary-Treasurer .......:..-2.-.0.4-..4ey J. Cumsrrr Beapeny Additional Members of the Executive Committee: Dr. W. M. WHEELER, Dr. J.B. Smitu, Pror. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Pror. HERBERT OsBorRN, Mr. F. M. WessTER, Mr. C. W. JOHNSON. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1908. resicetrt. aed). pi tes nena conc pee ens cs Dr. Wm. M. WHEELER Pirst (Wices Presidenitar\. ian eet aeae neta cer aaa Dr. J. B. Smith Second) Vice yPresidemtin ya yrs eee sees Pror. C. J. 5S. BETHUNE Sechetary— Lteastirer dee tac. acts ee eee Mr. J. CHESTER BRADLEY Additional Members of the Executive Committee: Pror. J. H. Comstock, Dr. J. G. NEEpHAm, Dr. P. P. CALveErrt, Pror. HERBERT Osporn, Mr. F. M. WesBsTER, Pror. V. L. KELLOGG. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1909. Presicietitinn es a ee a Dr. HENRY SKINNER Bicstaviee (President ooo. a ae eee Pror. HERBERT OSBORN Seconda 1ce) PresiGetiteus: wert an cee maine eee Dr. A. D. Hopkins Secretamy= (reasuren wire ot cients ee oe Mr. J. CHESTER BRADLEY Additional Members of the Executive Committee: Pror. J. H. Comstock, Dr. Joun B. SmitH, Dr. W. M. WHEELER, Pror.C. J.S. BETHUNE, Mr. E.A.ScHwartz, Pror. LAWRENCE BRUNER. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1910. reste emit tars (ani. ett vk ke eee OR an one Dr. JoHn B. SMITH AUC eha] 2arecikc (2501 ee ae eee Cah a ORE Letom oe Oe, Dr. S. A. ForBEsS Second. Vieeu President... 5s. 1o eee See eee Pror. V. L. KELLoce Secretary Lreastiner. cons. heh ae Ryan Pror. :G." Ro Crosey Additional Members of the Executive Committee: Pror. J. H. Comstock, Mr. E. A. Scowarz, Pror. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Dr. W. M. WHEELER, Pror. J. M. ALpricH, PRor. LAWRENCE BRUNER OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1911. Besta Gite” Acct fete vee eM MRD eee gc ca ee Pror. HERBERT OSBORN Pirsh-Viceubresidente sete racer A akan Pror. LAWRENCE BRUNER Second) Vice President. een Pror. A. D. MAcGILLIVRAY Secrevary— ereastiner..ca0) as cieepemtes 2 eos. Pror. A. D. MacGILiivRray Additional Members of the Executive Committee: Pror. J. H. Comstock, Pror. C. J. 5. BEtHuNE, Dr. H. SKINNER, Dr. J. B. Smitu, Dr. W. M. WHEELER, Dr. A. D. HOPKINS. 1912] Constitution Vil CONSTITUTION. AR TIC LEAL, NAME. SECTION 1. This organization shall be known as THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. ARTICLE: If. OBJECT. SECTION 1. It shall be the purpose of this society to pro- mote the science of entomology in all its branches, to secure cooperation in all measures tending to that end, and to facilitate personal intercourse between entomologists. AI TUGIE,. IIL. MEMBERSHIP. SECTION 1. The membership of this society shall consist of three classes—members, fellows, and honorary fellows. SEc. 2. All persons interested in entomology shall be eligible to membership. SEc. 3. Members who have made important contributions to the science of entomology may be elected fellows or honorary fellows of the society. ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS. SECTION 1. The officers of this society shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer; but these two last offices may be held by the same person. SEC. 2. The business of the society not otherwise provided for shall be in the hands of an executive committee, consisting of the officers named in Section 1, and of six additional members, five of whom shall be elected from the Fellows by the Society, and the sixth shall be ex officio the Managing Editor. Four members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum. SEC. 3. The president shall represent the society upon the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science until such time as the society shall be qualified for representation by two councillors, in which case the second councillor shall be elected from the fellows by the Executive Committee. Vili Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, ARTICLE V. ELECTIONS. . SECTION 1. Election of Members—Nominations for mem- bership may be made by any two members, and election shall be by the Executive Committee. Sec. 2. Election of Fellows—All nominations for fellows shall be signed by three or more fellows and each nomination shall be accompanied by the following information concerning the nominee: Name, address, occupation, branches of ento- mology engaged in, positions held involving entomological experience, entomological work done, and list of more important publications. Election shall be by ballot by the Executive Committee, a majority vote of the committee being necessary for election. Sec. 3. Election of Officers—All officers shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting for the term of one year and shall be eligible for re-election. Their term of office shall commence with the first of June following their election. SEc. 4. Election of Honorary Fellows—All nominations for Honorary Fellows shall be made in the manner prescribed for the nomination of Fellows, the nominations being presented to the Executive Committee, who shall mail the ballots to the Fellows. Election shall be by mail ballot of the Fellows of the Society, a two-thirds vote of all the Fellows being required for election. ARTICLE VI. MEETINGS. SECTION 1. An annual meeting shall be held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and at such time and place as the officers may elect. ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS. SECTION 1. This constitution may be altered or amended at any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present, a copy of each amendment proposed having been presented at the previous annual meeting. 1912] Constitution ix BY-LAWS. 1. The annual dues for members and fellows shall be two dollars. This includes a subscription to the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2. A majority of the members present at any annual meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 3. Notice of all meetings of the society shall be sent to all members at least one month in advance. 4. The Executive Committee shall provide a program for all meetings, including at the annual meeting a popular lecture and a technical entomological exhibit of materials and methods. 5. The time of the business session shall be published prior to the opening session of the annual meeting. 6. Any member may become a life member upon payment of $50 at one time, and shall be exempt from further assessments. He shall receive during his life one copy of each issue of the Annals. 7. Members two years in arrears shall be dropped from the rolls by the Secretary-Treasurer after twenty days notice. 8S. A member-elect shall not be in good standing until he pays his first year’s dues. In case he shall not have made such payment at the expiration of one year from the date of his election, he shall be dropped from the roll by the Secretary- Treasurer after twenty days notice. 9. The Annals of the Entomological Society of America - will not be mailed to any fellow or member whose dues are in arrears. All dues are payable December Ist, and should be received not later than March Ist. re Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, MEMBERSHIP OF THE SOCIETY. HONORARY FELLOWS. Cresson, Ezra TownsenD, Hedgleigh, Swarthmore, Pa. Aug., ’07. Unter, Dr. Puirip REESE, 254 W. Hoffman St., Baltimore, Md. Aug., ’07. FELLOWS. AwpricH, Pror. J. M., University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. Aug., ’07. Bat, Pror. E. D., Director, Agr. Exper. Sta., Logan, Utah. Dec. ’08: BETHUNE, Dr. C. J.S., Ont. Agr. College, Guelph, Ont. Dec., 06. BEUTENMULLER, W., 879 Whitlock Av. Bronx, New York, N.Y. Aug., ’07. BrunER, Pror. LAWRENCE, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Dec. ’07. CALveERT, Dr. P. P., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Aug., ’07. CocKERELL, Pror. T. D.A., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. Dec.,’08. Comstock, Pror. J. H., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’06. Dyar, Dr. H.G., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. Aug., ’07. EmERTON, J. H., 194 Clarendon St., Boston, Mass. Aug., ’07. Fatt, Pror. H. C., 191 N. Raymond Ave., Pasadena, Cal. Dec., ’07. Fett, Dr. E. P., N. Y. State Entomologist, Albany, N. Y. Dec., ’08. FERNALD, Pror. C. H., Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. Aug., ’07. Fotsom, Dr. J. W., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Dec., ’07. ForseEs, Pror. 8. A., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Awg., ’07. GILLETTE, Pror. C. P., Colorado Agr. College, Fort Collins, Colo. Dec nOte HENSHAW, SAMUEL, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Aug., ’07. Ho.iianp, Dr. Wo. J., Director, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Dec: 307 Hopkins, Dr. A. D., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., ‘ Aug., ’07. Howarp, Dr. L. O., Chief, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Aug., ’07. Jounson, C. W., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Boston, Mass. Dec., ’06. KELLOGG, Pror. V. L., Leland Stan. Jr. Univ., Stanford University, Cal. Aug., ’07. Lyman, H. H., 74 McTavish St., Montreal, Can. Aug., ’07. MacGitiivray, Dr. A. D., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Dec., ’08. Martartt, C. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’07. - NeEeEpuHAM, Pror. J. G., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Aug., ’07. OsBorNn, Pror. H., Ohio State University, Columbus, O. Dec., ’06. ScHWARZ, E. A., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. Aug., ’07. SKINNER, Dr. HENry, Academy, Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Pa. Dec., ’06. SMITH, Dr. J. B., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Dec., ’06. WesstTeEr, F. M., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Dec., ’06. WHEELER, Dr. W. M., Harvard University, Boston, Mass. Dec., ’06. WILLISTON, Pror. S. W., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Dec., ’08. 1912] Membership of the Society xi MEMBERS. ApBBott, Dr. JAMEs F., Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Dec., ’07. ABpott, W.5S., Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Urbana, Ill. C-: AINSLIE, C. N., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. June ’08. AINSLIE, GEORGE G., U.S. Ent. Lab., Nashville, Tenn. Dec., 07. AKERLIND, G. A., 3618 Lexington St., Chicago, Ill. C-: ALEXANDER, C. P., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. June, ’10. Back, E. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. BAKER, ARTHUR CHADEN, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Deco ie BakeEr, Pror. C. F., Pomono College, Claremont, Cal. C. BANKS, CHas..5., Chief Entom., Bureau of Sci., Manila, P. I. C: Banks, Natuan, U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’08. Barner, LH. G12 Clay St., Roselle Park, N. J.C. BarBeEr, H.S., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. C. BarBeER, TuHos, C., Audubon Park Exper. Sta., New Orleans, La. Dec., ’09. Bartow, Pror. Joun, College of Agriculture, Kingston, R. I. C. Barnes, Dr. Wm., 152 E. Prairie St., Decatur Ill. C. Barrows, Pror. W. B., Mich. Agr. College, East Lansing, Mich. C. Barrows, Pror. W. M., Ohio State University, Columbus, O. June, ’11. BARTHOLEMEW, Pror. C. E., Iowa State College, Ames, Ia. C. BeEcKER, Geo. G., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. Dec., ’10. BENTLEY, Pror. G. M., State Entomologist, Knoxville, Tenn. C. BERGER, E. W., Agr. Exper. Sta. Gainesville, Fla. June ’09. BERRENGER, D. F., 314 Masonic Block, Fostoria, O. June ’08. BETTEN, Dr. C., Lake Forest College, Lake Forrest, Ill. C. Birp, Henry, Rye, N. Y. C. BisHopp, F. C., Bureau of Entomology, Dallas, Tex. C. BrAISDELE, OR bbe) Weland Stan. Ir. Univ:, Cal.. Cc. BLUMENFELD, S. F., Miss. Agr. Coll., Agricultural College, Miss. Deer 09: Boptne, Dr. D., Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind. C. Braprey, Dr. |.; Chester, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. C: BRAvucHER, RatpuH W., 115 Stewart Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’08. Brawn, Miss A. F., 2702 May St., Cincinnati, O. C. BreuHME, H. H., 74 18th St., Newark, N. J. C. BripcHaM, J., East Providence Center, R. I. C. Britton, Dr. W. B., Agr. Exper, Sta., New Haven, Conn. C. Brooks, F. E., French Creek, W. Va. C. BruEs, C. T., Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. C. Bryant, Owen, Cohasset, Mass. Dec., 08. Bucuuo1z, Otto, 710 Monroe Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. C BuEno, J. R., de la Torre, 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y. C. Burcess, A. F., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. Butter, Miss Hortense, Peterson, Ia. Dec., 08. Caun, A. R., 6 Thurston Ave., Ithaca, N: Y. June, ’10. Carmopy, Miss Mary, 3055 Q St., Washington, D.C. Dec., 11. Xi Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, CuHAGNON, G., Box 521, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. C. CHAMBERLIN, Dr. R. V., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. C. CHATTERJIE, B. M., 37 Jaliapara Road, Bhowanispur, Calcutta, India. . Dec., ’08. CHITTENDEN, Dr. F. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. CLICKENER, CHAS., Rural Route No. 1, Box 12, Silverwood, Ind. C. CoLEMAN, G. A., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. C. Comstock, W. P., 75% Broad St., Newark, N. J. Dec., ’08. Conrap!l, Pror. A. F., Clemson College, 5. C. June. ’08. Cook, Pror. A. J., State Comm. Horticul., Sacramento, Cal. C. Cook, Pror. M. T., Agri Exper. Sta., New Brunswick, N. J. C. Cootey, Pror. R. A., Montana Agr. College, Bozeman, Mont. June, ’10 CRAMPTON, Dr. G. C., Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. June, ’11. Crampton, Pror. H. E., Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. C. Crane, M.S., Westville Ave., Caldwell, N. J. C. CRAWFORD, J. C., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D: C. C. Cresson, E. T., Jr., Acad. Nat. Science, Philadelphia, Pa. C. CripptE, N., Freesbank, Man. C. Crosspy: Pror. C. R, Cornell’ Uni., Ithaca, NAY. ¢: CurrIE, R. P., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. CusuMAN, R. A., Bureau of Entomology, Dallas, Tex. Aug., ’07. DaEckE, V. A. E., Office State. Zoologist, Harrisburg, Pa. C. DAVENPORT, PRor. C. B., Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y. C. Davis, J. J., Exper. Sta. Building, La Fayette, Ind. C. Davis, W.T., 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Isl’d, N.Y. C. DickERSON, E. L., 5 Broad St., Newark, N. J. C. Dietz, Dr. Wa. G., 21 N. Vine St., Hazelton, Pa. C. Doane, Pror. R. W., Leland Stan. Jr. Univ., Stanford University, Cal.C. DorteEn, Pror. S. B., Agr. Exper. Sta., Reno, Nev. C. DurRANT, Pror. E. P., Ohio State University, Columbus, O. June, ’08. Dutt, AsutasH, Coochbehar, Bengal, India. Dec., ’08. Easton, N. S., 458 High St., Fall River, Mass. C. Epwarps, E. H., 7317 Clinton Ave., N. W., Cleveland, O. C. Euruorn, E. M., Bureau of Entomology, Exper. Sta. Honolulu, T. H. C. EHRMANN, G. A., 2314 Sarah St., Pittsburgh, Pa. C. Etiot, Miss Ipa M., 31 Clinton St., New Bedford, Mass. C. Ety, Pror. C. R., 5 Kendall Green, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’11. ENGELHARDT, G. P., 185 Brooklyn Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. C. Erp, H. J., 536 Blum Place, Union Hill, N. J. C. Essic, E. O., Sec. State Comm. Hort., Sacramento, Cal. Dec., ’10. BVANS, J: D., Lrenton,, Ont iC. Ewers, E. V., 140 N. Goodman St., Rochester, N. Y. C. Ewrnc, Dr. H. E., Oregon Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. Dec., 10. FENNINGER, C. W., 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. C. FenyveEs, Dr. A., 170 N. Orange Grove Ave., Pasadena, Cal. C. FERNALD, Pror. H. T., Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. C. FIELD, W. L. W., Milton Academy, Milton, Mass. C. Fink, D. E., 1204 Cascadilla Building, Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’10. FisHER, W. S., Highspire, Pa. Dec., ’07. 1912] Membership of the Society xiii Frint, W. P., 1231 W. Edwards St., Springfield, Ill. June, ’08. Fores, Dr. W. T. M., 23 Trowbridge Road, Worcester, Mass. Dec.,’08. Foster, S. W., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. FRACKER, 5. B., Iowa State College, Ames, Ia. Dec., ’11. Francisco, Campos R., Guayaquil, Equador, S. A. Aug., ’07. FRANCK, GEORGE, 55 Stuyvesant Ave., Brooklyn N. Y. C. FrencuH, Pror. G. H., State Normal School, Carbondale, Ill. C. Frost, C. A., 40 Grant St., South Framingham, Mass. C. Fucus, Cuas., 713 Lincoln Ave., Almeda, Cal. C. Purraway, Dit; Uo: Agr Exper. ota: Honolulu, T; H. C. FUNKHOUSER, W. D., 415 N. Tioga St., Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., 11. GaHAN, A. B., College Park, Md. C. GARMAN, Pror. H., Agr. Exper. Sta. Lexington, Ky. C. GARRETT, J. B., La. Crop Pest Comm. Baton Rouge, La. C. GERHARD, Wm. J., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, Ill. C. Gipson, ARTHUR, Central Experiment Farms, Ottawa, Can. C. Girrorp, W. M., Box 1308, Honolulu, T. H. C. Grascow, Huce, Univ. of ML. Urbana, Hl. Dec.,.’11. Grascow. kbs Univ. ot Tk Urbana, Wh. Dee, * 1d. Goopwin, Wm. H., Ohio Agr. Exper. Sta., Wooster, O. Dec., 08. GoruHaM, Pror. F. P., Brown University, Providence, R. I. C. Gossarp, H. A., Ohio Agr. Exper. Sta., Wooster, O. C. Graen, E. l., 58:Court. St., Brooklyn, N.Y. C- GRAENICHER, Dr. S., 116 Harmon St., Milwaukee, Wis. C. GREEN, F. V., Nyack, N. Y., Aug., ’07. GRIFFIN, D. B., Winooski, Vt. C. GrosBEcK, J. A., American Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, N. Y. C. GuTHRIE, Prof. J. E., Iowa State College, Ames, Ia. C Harmsac3, F., 150 Sumac St., Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. C. HAMBLETON, J. C., Ohio State University, Columbus, O. Dec., ’07. Hamar, A. G., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’07. HANSEN, REv. JAMES, St. John’s University, Collegeville, Minn. C HARNED, Pror. R. W., Miss. Agr. College, Agricultural College, Miss. Begs. (O07 HarrinctTon, W. H., P. O. Department, Ottawa, Que., Can. C. Hart Casruns Ay tlt State Lab: Nat. Hist... Urbana, Ill. .C. Hartman, Miss F. T., Geological Hall, Albany, N. Y. C. FPARTZHLL, FZ, o20 W. Mam St., Fredonia, N. Y. Awg., '07, HASEMAN, Dr. L., Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. C. Havuurst, Pror. P., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. C. HEADLEE, Pror. T. J., State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. C. Heaty, J. L., 1531 Estes Ave., Rogers Park, Chicago, Ill. C. HEBARD, Morean, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. C. HEIDEMANN, O., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. HeErRRIcK, Pror. GLENN W., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. C. Hertzoc, P. H., Hightstown, N. J. Dec., 08. Hewitt, Dr. Cuas. G., Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa, Can. Dec., ’09. Hirton, Dr. W. A., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Dec., ’08. Hinps, Pror. W. E., Ala. Polytech. Inst., Auburn, Ala. C. XiV Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, Hine, Pror. J. S., Ohio State University, Columbus, O. C. HopceExkiss, H. E., State Agr. Exper. Sta., Geneva, N. Y. C. Hoop, J. D., Biol. Survey, U.S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D. €. C. HooKER, CHARLES W., Amherst, Mass. C. Hooker, W. A., Office of Exper. Stations, Washington, D.C. C. Hornie, H., 144 N. 53d St., Philadelphia, Pa. C. Hovucuton, Pror. C. O., State Agr. College, Newark, Del. C. HovseEr, J. $.; Ohio Agr. Exper. Sta., Wooster, O. C. Howarp, Dr. C. T., 1735 East Ave., Rochester, N. Y. C. *Howarp, Cuas. W., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. Aug., ’07. Hvarp, Rev. V. A.; 2 Port Dauphin St., Quebec, Can. -C. HuncGarteE, Pror. J. W., State Normal School, Cheney, Wash. Dec., ’09. Hunter, W. D., Bureau of Entomology, Dallas, Tex. C. Hys top, J. A., Bureau of Entomology, Pullman, Wash. Dec., ’08. ILLINGWORTH, J: #5, 115 -imn st:) Tthaca Ins V¥ > eer. aa Jackson, Pror. C. F., New Hamps. Agr. College, Durham, N. H. Aug., ’07 JENNE, E. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. Jennincs, H. R., Parkville, Mo. Dec., ’10. JENSEN, JESSE O., Eagle Bend, Minn. Dec., 08. JopBins-PomErRoy, A. W., Nat. Hist. Bldg., Urbana, Ill. Dec., ’11. JOHANNSEN, Pror. O. A., Maine Agr. Exper. Sta., Orono, Me. C. Jounson, Pror. C. E., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. C. Jounson, FrRED., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. C. JouNSON Pror. 8. A., Colorado Agr. College, Fort Collins, Colo. C. Jounston, F. A., Truck Exper. Sta., Norfolk, Va. Dec., ’08. Jones, C. R., 317 Edward St., Fort Collins, Colo. C. Jones, F. M., 802 Washington St., Wilmington, Del. C. Kayser, Wo ., 26 E. Auglaize St., Be aa On: KEARFOTT, W. Dye Montclair, Nea: KeEiTH, Epw. D., 290) Sacket St., SE eevee | Rael hetae( Oop Keniry 191 Avon Ave., Newark, INC: Ker Eo OuGe Wes: Entom. Lab., Wellington, Kans. C. Kincaip, Pror. T., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. C. Kinc, VERNON, Entom. Lab., Wellington, Kans. Dec., ’11. Kwnap, F., U.‘S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. C. Kwaus, W., 512'S. Main St:, McPherson, Kans. °C. Knicut, Harry, H. 45 East Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’11. Koutsaat, J. E. C., 1739 Eastern Ave., Cincinnati, O. C. Kotinsky, JAcos, Board of Agr. and Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. C. Kriss, H. G., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Dec., ’08. Kraus, E. J., Bureau of Entomology, Corvallis, Ore. C. Kuans, D. B., Ter. Division of Entomology, Honolulu, T. H. Dec., ’08. Lacey, H., Kerrville, Tex. C. Lacal, Dr: G., care of Kny-Scheerer Co., 404 W. 27th St., New: York: NivYonG Lane, Jos: N., 1433 59th Ave., Cicero, Ill. C. * Life Member. 1912} Membership of the Society XV LAURENT, P., 31 E. Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. C LAWFORD, J. M., 718 N. Howard St., Baltimore, Md. C. REonArD, Mio VR nysDs No. 2 ltihaca. N. Y. Dec. 10. Lewis, A. C., 332 State Capitol, Atlanta, Ga. Dec., ’09. LILJEBLAD, E., 1018 Roscoe St., Chicago, Ill. C. Liovp, J. T., College of Agriculture, Ithaca, INE Ves LocHHEAD, Pror. W., MacDonald College, MacDonald College, Que., "Can. C: Lopinc, H. P., 911 Palmetto St., Mobile, Ala. June, 08. Lowe, Epwarp G., 80 E. 55th St., New York, N. Y. C. Lutz, Dr. F. E., American Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, N. Y. C. McCann, Miss SvuE D., 187 E. High St., Lexington, Ky. Dec.,’08. McConneE Ll, Pror. W. R., Penn. State College, State College, Pa. Dec. “10: McCracken, Miss M. I., Stanford University, Cal. Aug., ’07. McDante1, Miss EucentA Inez, East Lansing, Mich. Dec., ’10. McErnosr, H., 20 West St., Ilion, N.Y. C. McInpoo, N. E., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec.,’11. MackeEnziE, G. P., 1921 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. C. Many, B. P., 1918 Sunderland Place, Washington, D.C. C. Marsuatt, Dr. W. S., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. C. Martauscu, Ignaz, American Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, N. Y. C. MartTHeson, Dr. R., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. C. MarttHews, J. H., 3219 N. 18th St., Philadelphia, Pa. C. MELANDER, ProrF. A. L., Washington State College, Pullman, Wash. C. Mercatrr, Z. P., Division of Entomology, Raleigh, N. C. Dec., ’08. Mitrer, Mrs. E. R., 4180 E. 95th St., Cleveland, O. C. MircHet., Miss E. G., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. C. Montcomery, Pror. T. H. Jr., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. C. Moore, Dr. R. M., 745. Fitzhugh St., Rochester, N. Y. C. Moore, W., College of Agr., Potchefstrom, Transvaal, S. Afr. Dec., ’08. Moreay, A. C., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. Morean, Miss Ann H., Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. Dee~ (Og Morcan, Pror. H. A., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. C. Morritt, A. W., Arizona Agr. Exper. Station, Phoenix, Ariz. C. Morris, Eart, Hall of Records, San Jose, Cal. C. Morsg, A. P., Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. C. MosuHe_r, Miss Epna, 740 Harrison St., Gary, Ind. Dec., ’08. Mosuer, F. H., 17 Highland Ave., Melrose, Mass. C. Movutrton, DupieEy, Room 11, Ferry Building, San Francisco, Cal. C. Munernre G. T. O:, San MateomCal. 'C: Murr, F., Ha. Sug. Plan. A. Exper. Sta., Keeaumoku, Honolulu, T.H. C. Myers, P. R., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. C. Nason, Dr. Wm. A., Algonquin, Ill. C. Netson, Dr. J. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec., 07. Ness, H., Jonesboro, Ark. C. Newcoms, H. H., 146 Summer St., Boston, Mass. C. XVi Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, NEwcoms, Dr. W. W., Venice, Cal. C. NEWCOMER, E101 5 Forest Court, Palo-Alto, Cah: ¢ NeEwELt, Miss A. G., Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Dec., ’10. NEWELL, Pror. W.., Texas Agr. College, College Station, Tex. Dec., ’07. O’KangE, W. C., New Hampshire Agr. Exper. Sta., Durham, N. H. June, ’08. Ossorn, H. T., ‘Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. Cx Dec. Q8. OsBURN, Pror. R. C., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. C. Oszar, E. J., 4535 Raleigh St., Denver, Colo: C. Parrott, P. J., Agr. Exper. Sta., Geneva, N. Y. C. Patcu, Miss Epiru M., Agr. Exper. Sta., Orono, Me: C. Paxson, O. S., Devon, Chester Co., Pa. C. Pazos, Dr. L. J. H., Marti 46, San Antonia de los Banos, Cuba. C. PETERSON, ALVAH, 1005 S. Second St., Champaign, Ill. Dec., ’11. PETRUNKEVITCH, Dr. ALEx., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Dee.;. "O72 Pettit, Pror. R. H., Michigan Agr. College, East Lansing, Mich. C. Puipries, E. E., Plainfield, N. J, Jane, 70: Puitiies, Pror. J. L., Blacksburg, Va. C. Pierce, W. D., Bureau of Entomology, Dallas, Tex. C. PLUNKETT, CR, fihaca, NY. Deak. HO: Power, P. Bs Clinton, NB ce PRICE WW; i: qr, Blacksburg, Va. Dec., ’08. QUAINTANCE, A, L., Bureau ‘of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C, QuaYLE, Pror. H. mn Univ. of California, Whittier, Cal. C. RAMSDEN, C. T., Apartado 146, Guantanamo, Cuba. C. REGAN, W.S., Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. Dec., ’08. Reun, JAMES A. G., Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Pa. C. Retrr, Wa., Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Dec., 08. Rarey, C.F. C., Untv. of Ilmois, Urbana, Til; Wec:, *07-. RitEy, Dr. Wm. A., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. C. Rouwer, S. A., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’08. RvuGGLES, Pror. A. G., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. C. Rumsey, W. E., Univ. of West Virginia, Morgantown, W. Va. C. Ruta, W. A. 522: McCormick Bide, Chicaso, Il) Der ii: RUTHERFORD, ANDREW, Maryburgh Cottage, Blairadam, Scotland. June, '11. SaFRO, V. I., State Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. June, ’09. SANBORN, Cuas. E., Oklahoma Agr. College, Stillwater, Okla. Aug., ’07. SANDERS, G. E., Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Can. Dec., ’07. SANDERS, J. G., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. C. SANDRESON, Pror. E. D., Univ. of West Virginia, Morgantown, W.Va. C. SANFORD, H. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec.,’11. Sasscer, E. R., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. SATTERTHWAIT, A. F., Middletown, Pa. Avug., ’07. ScHOENE, Wm. J., Agr. Exper. Sta., Geneva, N: Y. C. Scott, E. W., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec., ’10. scort, 1. L., West Libesty. 0.2 Dec:, “OS SEVERIN, Pror. H. C., State College Agr., Brookings, S$. D. Dec., ’08. 1912] Membership of the Society XVil SEVERIN, H. H. P., 941 Grove St., Milwaukee, Wis. June, ’08. SHAFER, Dr. G. D., Michigan Agr. College, East Lansing, Mich. Dec.,’07 SHAFFER, Dr. J. M., 12% S. 4th St., Keokuk, Ia. Aug., ’07. SHELFORD, Dr. V. E., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. C. SHERMAN, FRANKLIN JR., Dept. of Agr., Raleigh, N.C. C. SHERMAN, JOHN D. Jr., 335A Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. June, ’11. SHIDLER, Dr. Wm. H., Miami University, Oxford, O. Dec., 09. SHOEMAKER, F. H., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Dec., ’10. SHULL, A. F., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. C. SHULL, ProrF. C. A., Transylvania Univ., Lexington, Ky. C. Stosson, Mrs. A. T., 83 Irving Place, New York, N.Y. C. SMART, Pror. E. H., 775 N. lst E St., Provo, Utah.. June, ’09. SmiTH, Mrs. A. W., 15 East Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’08. SmiTH, C. P., 404 University Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’08. SMITH, Rev. J. A., 121 W. 91st St., New York, N.Y. C. SMITH, Miss Lucy Wricnt, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. June, ’11. SMITH, Putiip E., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Dec., ’09. SMITH, Pror. R. I., Univ. of Porto Rico, Mayaguez, P. R. C. SmyTH, E. A., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va. C. SmytTH, E. G., 1100 Virginia Ave., S. W., Washington, D.C. Dec., ’08. SouLE Miss CAROLINE Gray, 187 Walnut St., Brookline, Mass. C. SPOONER, C. S., Office State Ent., Atlanta, Ga. C. STAFFORD, E. W., Agr. Exper. Sta., New Brunswick, N. J. Dec., ’10. STEDMAN, Pror. J. M., U.S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D.C. C. StTRYKE, Miss A. C., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. June, ’10. SuMMERS, Pror. H. E., Iowa State College, Ames, Ia. C. SuMMERS, J. N., Melrose Highlands, Mass. Dec., ’08. SWAINE, Pror. J. M., Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Can. C. SwENK, M. H., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. C. TANouARM MC. Univ. of limos, Urbana, Il. C. Tayvior, Pror. G. W., Br. Col. Biol. Sta., Departure Bay, Nanaia, B.C. iC. Tuomas, Pror. W. A., Clemson College, S. C. June, ’09. Tuompson, Wm. R., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec.,’10 TIMBERLAKE, P. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. Dec.,’/1. Titus, Pror. E. 8. G., State Entomologist, Logan, Utah. C. TOWNSEND, C. H. Tyvter, Gov. Entomologist, Piura, Piura, Peru. C. TRIGGERSON, Pror. C. J., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. Dec.,’08. Troop, Pror. J., Indiana School Agr., La Fayette, Ind. C. Tsou, Yinc H., 14 Garden Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. June, 11. TuckER, E. S., Louisiana Exp. Sta., Baton Rouge, La. C. TuRNER, Dr. C. H., Sumner High School, St. Louis, Mo. Aug., '07. TurRNER, W. F., Box O, Auburn, Ala. Dec., 08. UrBAuns, T. D., Bureau of Entomology, Salt Lake City, Utah. Dec.,’07. Van Dine, D. L., Estac. Exp. de Azucas, Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. C. VAN Dozrt, E. P., Grosvenor Public Library, Buffalo, N. Y. C. VAN Dyke, Dr. E. C., 1478A California St., San Francisco, Cal. C. VARREIMAN, F. A., State Agr. College, State College, Pa. Dec., ’11. VickEry, R. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. XVIli Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, ViERECK, H. L., U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D. C. C. Von GELDERN, CHARLES, 1978 Broadway, San Francisco, Cal. C. WALKER, Dr. E. M., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Can. June, ’10. Watts, J. B., 316 Boyd Ave., Winnipeg, Man. June, ’11. Watton, Dr. L. B., Kenyon College, Gambier, O. C. WASHBURN, Pror. F. L., Agr. Exper. Sta., St. Anthony Park, Minn. C. Watson, F. E., 2390 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. C. WessTER, R. L., Agr. Exper. Sta., Ames, la. C. WEED, Pror. C. M., State Normal School, Lowell, Mass. C. WEED, Howarp E., 303 Lewis Bldg., Portland, Ore. C. WELD, L. H., 107 Ayers Place, Evanston, Ill. Dec., *07. WELDON, G. P., Agr. Exper. Station, Fort Collins, Colo. C. Wuitmarsuy, R. D., Ohio Agr. Exper. Sta., Wooster, O. Dec., ’10. Wickuam, Pror. H. F., State Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Ia. C. WILDERMUTH, V. L., Box 254, Tempe, Ariz. Dec., ’08. WittiaMs, Pror. J. B., University of Toronto, Toronto, Can. C. WILLIAMSON, E. B., Bluffton, Ind. C. WILLIAMSON, WARREN, Agr. Exper. Sta., St. Anthony Park, Minn. 6G. 471 te Wit.inc, Pror. T. N., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Can. C. Witson, H. F., State Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. C. *WIRTNER, Rev. M., St. Vincent Archabby, Beatty, Pa. C. WITHINGTON, C. H., 928 Ohio St., Lawrence, Kans. Dec., ’08. Woctvm, R.S., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. C. Wotcortt, Pror. R. H., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Dec., 08. Wo ttey-Dop, F. H., Millarville, Alberta, Can. C. Woop, W. C., 57 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. C. WorsuaM, E. L., State Entomologist, Atlanta, Ga. Dec., '07. WUNDER, CHARLES, Dundee Lake, N. J. C. Yotuers, W. W., Orlando, Fla. C. Younc, D. B., Geological Hall, Albany, N. Y. C. ZETEK, JAMES, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama. Dec., ’07. ZIMMER, J. F., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. 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