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—- ANNUAL SINOPSIS

OF XFW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ANIMALS, PLANTS, &¢ DISCOVERED IN NORTH AMERICA:

BY C. S. RAFINESQUE,

Professor of Botany and Natural History in Transylvania University, at Lexington in Kentucky, and member of several Learned Soeieties in the United States and in Europe, &e.

EXERTION UNFOLDS AND INCREASES KNOWLEDGE, ee]

FPirvst Annual Number, for 1820.

DEDICATED TO DR. W. E. LEACH, OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.

EVER since 1816, [ had issued proposals for publishing a Periodical Work un- der the title of Annals of Nature : various circumstances have prevented me from earrying the original plan into execution, and have now induced me to publish it annually or casually (instead of quarterly) in the present form, without confining myself to any particular time, nor extent ; but giving a preference to my own unpublished discoveries and those of my friends, over those of other Naturalists and Botanists. Every number shall form a peculiar tract, which shall be sold sepa- rate.

The difficulty of ascertaining sometimes whether my discoveries are totally new, will not prevent me from offering those which I consider such. If a few shall afterwards prove otherwise, the blame, if any, must lay with those European compilers, who give us now and then their bulky, costly & learned Cyclopedias, Dictionaries of Natural History, and Systems, without following the wise linnean plan of detailing all the former discoveries. This is particularly the case with Zoologists, who from the time of the compilation of Gmelin, published about 30 years ago, have never thought of giving us a new andcomplete description of all the animals discovered since ; nor has any complete account of our own animals e- ver been published. In such a state of the science, & considering the difficulty of procuring many European works on this continent, evenby applying to their au- thors, I shall not be prevented from publishing my new species, because it may happen that one out of tifty may be previously noticed in some costly and inacces-

sible work. 1 shall however be ready, at all times, to correct any such, or other unavoidable errors and oversights.

Ihave often felt the need of laying before the learned public, and ina concise and Jinncan shape, my numerous discoveries, which are accumulating every year; being often unable to find a proper yehicle, I have been compelled to avail my-

_ self of magazines and ephemerous publications, which seldom meet their eyes. ‘When I have sent memoirs and tracts fer publication to the learned societies of «London, Paris, New-York and Philadelphia, they are only published after many years delay, or rejected when they contradict the views of some favorite mem- ber. IfI propose publishing my works in Europe, they are refused by the pub- .lishers, because the author is not one of the celebrated professors of Paris, Lon- don or Edinburgh. Meantime I have lost by a shipwreck the labor of many years, and the description and figures of one thousand new animals and plants. Eyery-

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notive urges me then to hasten to divulge my-discoveries, & to continue it annu- ally on the present plan, although i should preferjabetter one if I had the choice.

‘The principles of these tracts shall belong to the true linnean school of im- provement. Jshall follow all the improvements that the worthy Linneus would have adopted if he had lived in this age ; but I shall carefully avoid any deviations from the fundamental, rational and everlasting rules of noménclature and descrip- tive history. oe

‘The following lines shall contain many of my unpublished discoveries, made be- tween 1816 and 1819, in the states of New-York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, &c ; but sever- al must still be delayed, as well as the figures. As my Ichthyology, or natural history of the Fishes of the Ohio, (containing 100 new species) is now under the press, the fishes of that river shall not be mentioned here. If I should occasion- ally repeat the descriptions of some few new animals and plants, already commu- nicated to some societies, or journalists, the blame is their own. Why do they delay the publication of them? and how am I to know if they ever received them, & mean to publish them? Do they wish me to wait until somebody may follow the path which I have cpened, and anticipating my publications, deprive me of the fruit of my labor, (as it has been already attempted) and of the only rewardI ever hope for my individual exertions, the esteem of the friends of knowledge? Tf shall very seldom mention again those which have been already published, ex- cept when they are only to be found in journals of very limited circulation; or when it will be needful to illustrate more carefully their characters or history. Very few Reptiles, Shells and Fossils will be introduced, although they include some of my most numerous discoveries ; because I have already prepared several letters on our Erpetology for the American Journal of Science; I am besides en- gaged in writing a general Conchology of the land shells and fresh water shells of the United States, and Ihave undertaken with Mr. John D. Clifford to de- scribe all the fossil remains of the western states.

To those who may happen to regret the continual increase of] new genera and new species, I shall observe, that unless we detect and fix all the unknown genera and species of being’s existing in our country and on earth, we cannot extend and secure our researches after their properties, qualities and manners. Those who deplore the increase of natural knowledge, or knowledge of any kind, are,below our notice; they ought to be ranked with the enemies of mankind and of our moral powers- But from those who prefer to see new beings and materials ap- pearunder a handsome and prolix shape, J shall request to afford me the means of gratifying their peculiar taste, and when they do, 1 shall not fail to comply. Yet {shall add, that it is better for the science and our purse, that many new objects should be introduced under a small compass, than when a few are scattered through a mass of extraneous or compiled matter. My constant aim has been the extension of knowledge rather than the compilation of old materials. I wish that many naturalists and philosophers would always have the same object in view.

C. S. RAFINESQUE.

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Transylvania University, 2? March 1, 1820 )

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ANIMALS. ICLASS. MASTOSIA.—_THE SUCKLERS.

1. N. Sp. Atalapha fuscata. Ears longers than the head, auriculated and black. ish ; tail three-sevenths of total length, jutting only by an obtuse point ; body brownish above, greyish beneath shoulders and cheeks dark brown; hind feet blackish, hairy above; wings blackish brown.—Found in the northern parts of the state of New York and in Vermont. Total length three and an half inches. My genus Atalapha (Prec. dec.) contain all the Bats without fore teeth ; there are 3 or 4 species of them in the United States all blended under the name of Vespertilio (or Noctilio_) noveboracensis bythe writers.

I.N.G Epresicvs. Four acute fore-teeth to the upper jaw, in two equal pairs, separated by a great interval and a large flat wart, each pair has two une- qual teeth, the outside tooth is much larger and unequally bifid, the outside one much larger, inside tooth small and entire. Six fore-teeth to the lower jaw, equal

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very small, close and truncate. Canine teeth very sharp, curvéd and long. Grin» ders unequally trifid. Snout plain, nose without appendages. Bars separated, auriculated. “I'ail mucronate.—This genus appears to differ from all those of Geoffroy and Cuvier, among the extensive tribe of Bats. ‘The name means house- flyer. ‘ ’

“2. Eptesicus melanops. Fallowisn brown above, pale beneath, face, ears, wings, feet and tail blackish ; ears oval, shorter than the head and wrinkled ; tail naked, one-third of total length, mucronc one-sixth of the tail ; posterior toes ciliate —Not uncommon in Kentucky, Indiana, éc. total length four and an half inches. I had noticed it under the name of Vespertilio phaiops in the American Magazine, vol. 3d. It comes often in the house at night. ;

3. Eptesicus mydas. Fulvous above, grey beneath ; wings, ears and tail, pale brown, shafts whitish ; ears double the length of the head ; tail naked, slightly mucronate, nearly as long as the body.—I have observed it in the barrens of Ken- tucky flying in the houses. ‘Yotal length three inches, of which the tail includes five-twelfths. Ears three-quarters of an inch long. I mentioned it under the name of Vesp. mydas in my account of the Bats of the western states, (Am. Mag. y.3). Ihave since instituted two other genera with them, Hypexodon and Nycti- ceius (Prodr. 70 N. G. An) ; the others are probably Atalaphes. I know already fifteen species of Bats in the United States, almost all new ones.

4. Mephitis interrupta. Brown, with two short parallel white streaks on the head, and eight on the back, the four anterior ones equal and parallel, and the four posterior ones rectangular, angles in opposite directions.—A rare species, a- bout one foot long, inhabiting Louisiana. The four rectangular streaks of the rump are very singular ; the anterior pair begins on each side towards the middle of the dorsal streaks, and reaching beyond them in a parallel line, become trans- versally angular, forming an unequal right angle facing the dorsal streaks ; while the posterior pair forms two complete right angles facing the sides of the rump, their anterior lines being parallel and longitudinal. |

5. Spalax vittatta. Fallow above with three longitudinal, broad and brown streaks, white beneath.—It lives in the barrens and woods of Kentucky, where it is called mole-rat : length seven inches, it has no tail whatever ; back bent, head low, eyes small, ears small, oval, acute. it burrows like a mole and feeds on snails, slugs, earthworms, &c. It has almost the shape ofa pig, but the snout is rounded and with small whiskers. .

6. Gerbillus megalops. Grey; ears elliptic, as long asthe head, white inside ; tail black, longer than the body flexuose slender, tipt with a white tuft.—It inhab- its the barrens of Kentucky, where it feeds on seeds and fruits; total length six inches, of which the tail composes more than half. Eyes very large and black, snout black, elongated obtuse.

7. Gerbillusleonurus. Entirely of afine fallow ; ears elliptic, as long as the head, white inside; tail as long as the body, black, tipt with a fallow tuft-—It lives in the woods of Kentucky, Indiana, &c. Eyes small. It rather jumps than runs, while the foregoing species is oftener seen running than jumping.

8. Cricetus fasciatus. Rufous, with about ten transversal black streaks over the back, legs with some similar streaks; tail rather shorter than the body, slen- der and with black rings: pouches external, flaccid —-This is the Hamster of the barrens of Kentucky and the western states; it has a thick body, the head like a dog, small eyes and ears, these oval and acute, the forehead rounded and

the pouches hanging like bags.

9. Lemmus vittatus. Rufous, with five longitudinal white streaks on the back, the middle one extending over the head to the nose, white beneath ; tail truncate as long as the head.—A very pretty little animal, about four inches long, living in the woods and fields of west Kentucky, Ulinois, &¢. he female has six pecto- ral paps, and carries her young on her back while running. Eyes small, snout sharp, ears small and oval-rounded.

10. Lemmus talpoides. Ivou-grey, belly whitish ; tail truncate, as long as the head.—It is found in west Kentucky, where it is called ground mouse or snow mouse, because it burrowsin the ground like the mole, feeding on roots ané grass, while in the winter it burrows under the snow, at the surface of the ground, to feed on tender grass.

11. Lemmus noveboracensis. Brown, with arufous tinge above, brownish grey beneath ; tail three-eleventis of total length, obtuse, brownish grey, scaly, setose, with a pencil of hair at the end.—Total length five and an half inches; it has

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short and rounded ears, the feet short as in the Z. talpoides, teeth yellow. It is— found in the states ef New York and New Jersey. 12. Sciurus ruber. Entirely of a fine brick red colour, except the belly, which . is whitish, ears beardless —The largest of all the American Squirrels ; total length over two feet. Is it a variety of Sc. vulpinus 2 It is found in the Missouri Terri- tory, where it is called Great fox-squirrel. ‘There are yet in the United States many unnoticed species (or varieties) of squirrels. I know already about eight of them, such as Sc. felinus, Sc. phaiopus, Sc. melanotus, Sc. lateralis, ce. Lam pre-

paring a monography of them.

ILCLASS. ORNITHIA.—THE BIRDS.

13. Milvus leucomelas. White, unspotted, top of the head and part of the back, wings, tail and bill black, feet 5 cllow.—lt is found in west Kentucky and Illinois, 5 feeds on fishes, and is therefore called Fishing Hawk; size small, tail quite

orked.

14, Ardea phaioma. Entirely of a deep brown, neck ferruginous behind, white before, bill black, feet yellow.—It lives in Missouri, Hlinois and west Kentucky ; it is of a small sizc, total length about eighteen inches ; it belongs to the tribe of Bitterns.

15. Charadrius viridis. Entirely of alight green, unspotted, wings and tail tinged with brown, billand feet black.—It has been seen by Mr. Audubon in Mis- souri, near St. Genevieve ; it isa solitary and very wild bird, size of the common Plover. Isita Pulica ?

16. Hirundo phenicephala. Head scarlet, back grey, belly white, bill and feet black.—aA fine and rare swallow, seen only once by Mr. Audubon, near. Hender- sonville in Kentuicky ; it must have been a wanderer, and is probably a native of Louisiana or Mexico.

HICLASS. ERPETIA.—THE REPTILES.

17. Necturus maculosus. Olive brown, covered with large irregular and uneé- qual black spots; tail elliptical, obtuse, blackish, margin redish, two-fifths of total Jength ; a longitudinal furrow on the back, toes red.—My genus Necturus (70N. G. An.) is distinguished from T'riturus by having teeth, four toes toall the feet, and the external gills persistent toa late period. The Salamandra alleganiensis dbelongstoit. The present species is found in the Ohio, vulgar name water pup- pet or scorpion ee]. Length over one foot, very slovenly ; body covered witha mucous matter. Jaws obtuse with thick lips and small acute teeth, the upper jaw longer. Eyes very small round brown ; ears behind them, large round, with afurrow. Three external gills, the anterior black, the second brown, and the paren reddish. Toes small, rounded, obtuse, distinct, the lateral ones smal-

er.

18. Necturus luteus. Entirely yellow, unspotted ; tail obtuse, one-half of total length.—It is similar to the foregoing, found also in the Ohio, length about two feet, vulgar names yellow ee! or yellow puppet or yellow alligator.

19. Necturus phosphoreus: Entirely brown, unspotted ; tail obtuse, nearly one- half of total length, gills red.— Another species from the Ghio, its gills shine in the night of a firy red colour. Total length eighteen to twenty inches. Vulgar. names, Night Alligator, Brown Puppet, Alligator Eel, &c. Many other species of Salamanders belong to this genus.

<0. Tiiturus hypoxanthus. Brown above, yellow beneath; tail acute, slightly compressed, one-half of total length My genus T'riturus is the same as the J'rz- ton of Dumeril, there being already another genus of animals called Triton; it differs from the Salamandra by having a compressed tail. ‘This species is found in Kentucky, where it is called Ground Puppet, because itis often found in the lobster’s holes in moist ground ; total length six to eight inches.

21. Tritivus fuscus. Entirely brown, rather olivaceous above and paler be- neath ; a furrow on the rump ; tail acute, slightjy compressed, one-third of total Jength.—I found it in the northern parts of the state of New York, in small brooks. Vulgar name Black Ebbet. Length three or four inches. Eyes large and black, iris round and brown Upper jaw longer as in all the genus and without teeth. Posterior feet with five toes as in all the species, the lateral ones smaller. I com- municated a description of this animal, together with many other reptiles from

[54 ihe state of New York, to the Philosophical Society of New York, ever since 1816.

22.. Triturns viridescens. Olivaceous green above, with some faint brown spots, back carinated ; yellow beneath with small brown dotts : head unspotted, green above, yellowish beneath: an irregular row of bright and gilt red dotts along the sides : tail longer than the body, acute, very compressed.—A fine species found in Lake George, Lake Champlain, the springs and brooks of the neighborhood, éfce. Totallength fourinches. It must forma peculiar subgenus Diemictylus, distinguished by the fore feet semipalmate with four equal toes, the posterior with only three toes and two lateral knobs ; jaws nearly equal, eyes elliptic, &c. The iris is oblong, rather obliqual, gilt, with a longitudinal brown. streak; eyes black. Its vulgar name is Green Ebbet.

23. Triturus nebulosus. Brown above, clouded with faint and irregular grey spots, a row of them rounded on each side, fulvous beneath ; back convex ; tail carinated, obtuse, one-third of total length.—It is found near New York, at Har- lem and on Long-Island. Length two or three inches.

24. Vriturus miniatus. Entirely of a red or orange colour, covered with small brown granular dotts and some black dotts ; back carinated with a double row of scarlet dotts, surrounded by a black ring . tail as long as the body, carinated, ob- tuse.—A very pretty species, common in the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Vermont, &c. Wulgar name Red Lizard or Red Ebbet. It is com- monly of the colour of red lead; but varies with an orange or saffron colour. Length two to fourinches. Head oval obtuse flat, without dotts; eyes blackish with an oblong and giltiris. It has almost all the characters of the sub-genus Di- emiciylus ; but differs yet from it, by having the toes of the fore feet free and un- equal, the lateral ones much shoiter whence it may form another sub-genus, WVo- sophthalmus There are at least thirty species of this genus in the United States. I know already well twenty of them.

25. Ranaria ( Rana L_) melanota. Back olivaceous black, a yellow streak on the sides of the head, chin throat and inside of the legs whitish, with black spots ; belly white, without spots.—A pretty frog, living in Lake Champlain and Lake George ; vulgar name Black Frog : total length two and and half inches. Eyes large, iris gilt violet. The anterior feet have four free toes, and the hind feet five palmated ones.

26. Crotulurus ( Crotalus L) catenatus.. Brown above, with achain-like row of white spots on the back; belly white, clouded with black.—Discovered by Mr. Bradbury, on the upper Missouri. Length eighteen inches, one hundred and forty-four abdominal scales and twenty-seven candal scales:

27. Crotalurus viridis, Green with several rows of brown oblong spots, white belly.—Found also by Mr. Bradbury, onthe Missouri. It was two feet long, slen- der snd with only three rattles.

28. Crotalurus cyanurus. Body yellowish, with broad transversal brown bands, back grey between them; head fulvous, a black oblong spot under the chin; tail black above, blue beneath.—It is found in Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, é¢c. Length about five feet. The hogs will not eat it. The name of Crotalus being radical of Crotalaria &c. I have altered it to Crotalurus.

29. Coluber Kentukensis. Back olivaceous brown, with four rows of brown spots, carinated scales and a central longitudinal streak bluish green ; sides bluish green, with two rows of brown spots ; belly whitish, unspotted : two hundred abd. scales ; tail one-fifth of total length, with fifty pairs of scales—Length three feet ; head black above, white beneath. Common in Kentucky ; called Garter snake, like.all the snakes with streaked backs.

30. Coluber similis. Back blackish, with a central yellowish streak, having two alternate rows of brown spots ; sides yellowish-white, spotted with black, belly white, each scale with two lateral black spots: tail one-fourth of total length. Abd. sc. 165; caudal 60 pairs——Another species belonging to the streaked snakes, of which I know ten or twelve species in the United States. Length twenty inches ; dorsal streak extending over the tail, pale fulvous posteriorly. Dorsal scales carinated.—Foundin Kentucky.

31 Coluber xanthenipus. Blackish above, with some faint brown lines; white beneath, with a longitudinal and yellowish streak frow the neck to the vent, and spotted on the sides with red, marginated of black: tail two-sevenths of total length, with eighty caudal pairs of scales, 140 abdominal scales.—I fonnd it near Newburgh, state of New-York ; lengthtwenty-five inches. Vulgar name water

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black snake. It likes to goin the water. Dorsal scales carmated. Tail brown, having at the end a short obtuse and compressed horn, as most of the snakes.

32. Coluber tesselatus. Grey, checkered like a chess board with red spots, and some black ones intermixed.—Length three feet. ‘This beautiful snake was found at Louisville in a hogshead of sugar imported from Louisiana. It is called calli- coe snake in Louisiana.

33. Coluber fulviventer. Entirely black above, and brick-red beneath, throat yellow ; dorsal scales carinated ; about two hundred abdominal scales, and seven- ty pairs of caudal ; tail one fifth of total length —Length nearly three feet ; it has large teeth, butnofangs. Vulgar name chicken snake Found in Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, &c. f j

34. Anguinus (Anguis L._) fasciatus. Yellowish-white, with broad brown fings, marginated of black on the back, and on the sides a row of small interme- diary bands like spots; head mixed with brown.—Length one foot, cylindrical ; scales smooth, hexagonal, head with large scales above and. flattened. It lives near Lake George and Lake Champlain: vulgar names, eel snake, ring snake, worm snake.

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IV CLASS. ICHTHYOSIA.—THE FISHES.

Il. N. G. Hemirrus. Abdominal. Body oblong, one dorsal fin opposite to the vent ; head small, mouth puckered, toothless, looking upwards, lower lip longer; gill cover double ; abdominal fin with only five rays, and a scaly lateral appen- dage at the base.—It belongs to the family Cyprinidia, it differs from Cyprinus by the mouth and abdominal fins, which have appendages like the real G. Salmo, Clupea, Sparus, &c. This striking character hasbeen neglected by all the Ich- thyologists; 1 wish to draw their attention to it. The generic name means half- double.

35. Hemiplus iacustris. Silvery, with gilt shades, back and top of the head brownish ; lateral line curved downwards, a second and upper one straight reach- ing the dorsal fin only; all the fins olivaceous tipped with brown: dorsal fin nine rayed, anal falcate fourteen rayed, tail forked —I have already mentioned this small fish in the Amer. M. Mag. Ist Dec. of new fishes, sp.7, vol. 2. p. 121, un- der the name of Cyprinus hemiplus. tis found in Lake George, Lake Saratoga, and Lake Champlain. Length three to six inches. Pect.14.C. 24. Vulgar names Shiner or Minny.

636, Cyprinus hematopterus. Back olivaceous brown, sides coppered, pale be- neath ; head black, tuberculated above and on the lower lip, gill cover reddish with a black spot : lateral line curved downwards at the base ; tail forked, lower fins bloody red, anal and dorsal nine rayed, this last in the middle of the back.— A pretty fish called red-fin chub, not uncommon in the streams falling into the Hudson. Length five or six inches; iris gilt, mouth large terminal toothless, jaws equal ; all the fins olivaceous, marginated or tipped with bloody red, the pec- toral and abc ominals are entirely red, the first ray of the pectoral is bluish. P. 15. abd. 9. C. 20. Eyes black.

57. Cyprinus trivittatus. Back and fins olivaceous, a brown Jongitudinal band on the back, a broad bluish band on each side above the lateral line, which is nearly straight ; belly white with gilt shades, head brown, rather rough above, gill cover gilt : tail forked, anal and dorsal fins with nine rays, this last in the mid- dle of the back.—Similar to the foregoing and to my C. vittatus in many points. Tris gilt brown. Found in the Fishkill and Wallkill creeks, state of New-York.

38. Salmo pallidus. Lower jaw much longer, body cylindrical; grey crowded with irregular rounded pale yellowish spots, gills silvery, lateral line ascending at the base, tail forked brownish, dorsal finbrown with twelve rays, adipose fin olivaceous, lower fins white, the anal with twelve rays—Common in Lake Cham- plain, Lake George, Lake Seneca, &c : vulgar names salmon trout, white trout, or lake trout, Gc ; length twoto four feet. Very good food, flesh reddish.

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V CLASS. PLAXOMIA.—THE CRUSTACEA.

Ill. N.G. Srercurvs. Antenna double than the head, four nearly equal, with two long truncate articles, the upper pair rather broader and longer. Body com- pressed, with seven segments, each with a large lateral appendage or scale; the fourth larger and with an additional posterior appendage, the corresponding feet

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Targer and with a large rounded and thick hand, all the feet with only one claw. Rump with four large segments, without lateral appendages, but with the usual ones beneath. Tail with short and recurved appendages.—It belongs to the fam- ily Gammaria, the name was that of an ancient fluviatile God of Thessaly.

59. Sperchius lucidus. Shining brown, eyes black, nearly round ; appendages of the tail shorter than the last article, curved eutwards, with two articles and a terminal filament.—Discovered in the springs and brooks near Lexington, Ky. Length about one-third of an inch, almost black when in the water, olivaceous brown when out of it, and pale when dry. Body arched, antenna descending. It swims well.

IV. N.G.Lerrevevs. Four antenna shorter than the head, nearly equal, trun- cate, with a single segment. Body rather compressed and straight, with twelve segments, all with a Jarge lateral scale except the three anterior and the last, pos- terior segments and scales longer. First pair of feet with a large oblong cheli- form and cuspidate hand; the second and third pair cylindrical pinciferous or with two cylindrical and truncate fingers, the four other pairs slender ; all the feet without real claws. Appendages beneath the rump almost similar to the hind feet ; those of the tail short and with single segments.—Another fresh water genus of Shrimps, of the family Gammaria. ‘the name means lateral scales.

40, Lepleuris rivularis. Olivaceous, eyes very faint irregular ; appendage of the tail truncate straight obliqual ; antenna nearly horizontal, feet longer than the breadth of the body.—! have detected it in the brooks of the mountains of Penn- sylvania and at Shannon run, near Bedford Springs. Length about half an inch ; it crawls on the stones rather than swims or jumps.

V_ N.G.Lrrcevs. Four antenna, the two upper ones very long, with four large articles, increasing in size upwards, and many small ones ; the two lower antenna shorter than the head and the fourth article ofthe jong antenna, setaceous, adhe- rent with the upper ones at their base. Head-rounded, eyes lateral and rounded. Feet with a single claw; body pinnatifid with seven segments without lateral scales ; tail large, rounded, utriculated beneath, with concealed bifid appendages. This fresh water genus belongs to the family Oniscia and sub-family 2selotia. The name was that of a spring in Greece.

41. Lirceus fontinalis. Blackish, upper antenna one-third of total length ; seg- ments broader than the head and truncate lateraly, separated by deep clefts ; back convex ; tail semitrilobe, margin hyalin, center raised longitudinally.—I de- tected it in October 1819 in aspring near Lexington. Itswims well; feet short with four articles, one of which isa claw; the posterior ones longer and more slender. Length one-fourth of an inch without the antenna ; breadth about one- fourth of the length. Tail broad and twice as long as the head ; appendages short, articulated, seldom jutting out of the utricule.

VICLASS. ENTOMIA.—THE INSECTS.

Wi. N.G Seuista. Body depressed, with nine segments, including the head and tail. Head large ; forehead notched, ending in a large curved forceps with atooth inside. Two palps as long as the forceps, with two articles and two claws at the end. Eyes lateralround ; antenna inserted before the eyes, as long as the frontal forceps, with two long segments and twoterminal threads Fourteen lat- eral legs, with two articles and two claws besides, or bifid at the end.-—A very sin- gular genus of the family Myriapoda, and sub-family Scolopendria. The name was that of a nymph.

42. Selista forceps. Fulvous brown, frontal forceps as long as the head, tail bi- dentated.—Found near Baltimore by Mr.H. Hayden. It comes into the houses ; length one inch.

Vil. N.G. Crypromrra. Body depressed, linear, narrow, with many segments, each with one pair of lateral filiform legs with four articles; alternate segments shorter and aimost entirely covered and concealed by the larger ones. Head truncate ; eyes obsolete; two long filiform, multi articulated nearly lateral, and dis tant antenna ; no visible palps.—It belongs to the family Myriapoda, sub-family

Chilognathia, next to the genus Polydesmus. The name means concealed parts.

43. Cryptomera lunularis. Reddish brown; sixteen pairs of legs, the last pair longer ; antenna one-third of total length ; sides straight, tail short, lunulate; length about one inch.—Found near Baltimore and Philadelphia on the ground : segments as long than broad.

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44. Crypiomera nemura. Brown ; fourteen pairs of legs, the posterior pairs very long ; antenna nearly as long as the body , large segments gibbose, rounded behind, scutiform, sides notched; tail having two filaments as long as the body ; length over one incli—Found by Mr. Hayden in the cellars of Baltimore: seg- ments longer than broad. ;

VU. N.G.Srexowexa Differsfrom Cryptomera by narrow segments visible not covered ; the first sezement isa narrow one; head oval, antenna setaceous, thick and approximated at the base—Very near to Cryptomera: the name means narrow parts.

45. Stenomera interrupta. Antenna twice the length of the head; fourteen pairs of lees, the posterior ones longer and thicker; sides deeply notched, tail bi- dentate.—i have found it near Hadley’s falls (in 1816) on the Hudson river, on mushrooms, upon which it feeds probably. Length one and an half inches; co- Jour pale brown; many of the large segments are slightly lunulate behind, all are broader than long.

1X. N.G. Mycornrerts Differs from Cryptomera by all the segments equal and apparent, and head of various shapes, eyes lateral when visible, &c.—This genus differs from Julus by having only one pair of legs to each segment. The name implies feeding on mushrooms, as most of the species do. There are many of theminthe United States. Ishall merely mention three at present.

46. Mycotheres Oligopoda. Antenna one-third of total length, bent outwards ; head rounded ; body attenuated behind; seven pairs of equal legs ; tail bifid.— Found on the Luzerne mountains of New York, near Glen’s falls. Length one- fourth of an inch, colour fulvous, It may be the type ofa sub-genus, Exocera.

A7. Mycotheres leucofoda. Antenna straight, one-fifth of total length ; head truncate body linear, fulvous, about twenty pairs of white legs, the posterior ones rather longer; tail bisetose. Found in the knobs of Kent’y. length less than 1 inch.

48. Mycoth-res vittata. Fulvous, a longitudinal brown streak on the back ; an- tenna moniiform, longer than the head ; about fifty pairs of legs, almost equal ; tail elongate obtuse, with a lateral setaceous appendage on each side ; head oval, pandurate, obtuse ; eyes lateral, visible, round.—A fine species about two inches Jong and one-twelfth broad. It may forma sub-genus MWem2pleura. Found in the highlands of New York. Theantenna have about fifteen rounded articles. Eyes black, almost inferior. ‘Fhe head and tail are not streaked.

X. N. G. Prevurotema. Body oblong, convex above, unable to contract into a globe ; many narrow segments, the middle ones larger, each with a marginal scale on each side and commonly two pairs of ventral Jegs, with four articles and a cili- ated claw ; the first segment or neck nearly concealed and without scales or feet. Head short ; antenna lateral moniliform, with six oblong articles—A fine genus next to Glomeris : the name means lateral margin. Hind legs shorter as in all the following three genera.

49. Pleuroloma favipes. Antenna grey, one-fifth of the body; head brown, transversely oblong ; eyes black, back blackish shining, marginal scales reddish, eighteen segments and only thirty pairs of legs ; belly, legs and tail yellow, tail mucronate. Length one and half inches ; eyes very small, lateral—Found on the ground in the woods near Catskill in New York state.

XL N.G.Narceus. Body cylindrical, with many narrow segments, each with two pairs of geminate legs, except the anterior segments which have only one pair. Head obtuse with a visible neck; eyes anterior irregular ; antenna lateral hardly longer than the head, recurved behind ina lateral groove, with six depres- sed articles, the second longer, the last globular. Legs with four articles and a claw, ventral, the posterior ones rather shorter. Tail scutiform, mutic, concealed beneath.—Next to Judus : the name is mythological. '

50. Narceus éinctorius. Blackish brown, ninety parrs of feet, pale purple ; thé six anterior segments witha single pair ; tail obtuse, split beneath ; length about three inches.—It is found in the woods of Kentucky... When handled it dyes the. fingers of a purplish colour. Discovered by Mr John D. Clifford.

MI.N- G. Revxenor. Differs from Warceus by all the segments with two pairs of geminate ventral legs, having five articles anda claw. Eyes rounded in facets. Antennas nearly under the head, recurved upwards in a groove, with seven arti- cles; six oblong, the sixth larger, the seventh or last depressed obtuse ——The name is also Mythological.

OL. Rhexenor annularis. Bluish brown with reddish brown rings on the mar- gin of the segments,lezs brown, one hundred and ten pairs; neck broad, tail

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arge, obtuse, split bencath ; vent linear, marginated with yellow—Found in the tvoods of the hizhiand hills of New-York. Length three inches.

XU N.G Awactoy. Differ from Vurceus by anterior segments with two pairs of Jegs ; neck hardly visible ; head rounded, eves rounded, lateral ; antenna lon- ger than the head, lateral before, straight, club shaped, six oblong articles in- €reasing in size upwards.—Vhe name means little texture.

§2. Abacion tesselutum. Body reddish brown, striated longitudinally, or tesse- lated ; antenna more than double the length of the head; legs pale, variable in number, about sixty pairs ; tail acute—I found it on the knobby hills. of Estill county in Kentucky, under stones: length nearly two inches.

XLV, N.G. Syurartos. Body lanceolate, head, thorax and abdomen united in one, without divisions, some faint appearance of segments on the abdomen; six legs; antenna united in front, divergent, curved outwards, club shaped and nearly nail shaped, the end being large androunded. No visible eyes, nor palps nor lseak —It belongs probably to the family Parasitia next to Osteophilus: the name means united nails.

53. Sympkelos solidago. Body smooth, lanceolate, acute behind, rounded in front, mutic, whitish; antenna one-fourth of total length; legs aslong as the breadth of the body—An exceeding small animal only the fortieta part of an inch in length ; found in the state of New-York on severai species of the genus Soli- dao.

54. Trombidion croceum Entirely ofa pale saffron colour; body elliptic, trun- cate bebind, back convex pilose ; legs arched, nearly equal, pilose; eyes brown, nearly lateral—Found in the state of New-York in houses; length half a line, eyes sessile punctiform ; palps visible, straight.

55. Acnvus canthopus. Body nearly elliptical and obtuse, smooth and red ; legs yellow, the antericr pair longer antenniform, nearly as long asthe body—One_ of the smallest insects, length about one hundreth part of an inch, almost invisible to the naked eye.—I found it on Long-Island in the flowers of Monotropa uniflora.

56, Acarus ampelos. Body oboval, obtuse, orange color; legs pale, arched, nearly equal—On the wild grape vines of the state of New-York. Length the twenty-fourth of an inch.

XV.N.G. Dretoroxors, (Spider). Thorax rounded, the anterior pair of legs longer, palps straight, club shaped; eyes in two arched rows on the forehead, each with four eyes, convexity upwards, the upper bow with smaller eyes and shorter-~The name means eyes in double arches. They are wandering spiders.

57. Diplotoxops bilineata. White, abdomen rounded-ellipsoidal, with two short yellow parallel lines anteriorly, faintly ringed behind; anterior feet nearly as long as the body and arched—Not uncommon in many parts; seen near Lake Champlain, on Long-Island, the Alleghany mountains and in Ohio. Length one- fourth ofan inch ; abdomen double the size of the thorax

38. Diplotoxops ? coccinea. Scarlet, legs black; the anterior ones hardly lon- ger; abdomen ellipsoidal obtuse—In the state of New-York, length only onee twelfth of an inch.

59. Lepisma saxatilis. Dirty and pale brown, antenna nearly as long as the bo- dy ; filaments of the tail unequal, the mide one longer than the body and three times as long as the lateral ones—Length one inch; found on the stones in the enone of Kentucky, it springs and jumps occasionally ; feet medial, short, e qual.

69, Termes montana. Black, antenna and tips of the legs fulvous, thorax semi- cordate anteriorly.—It livesin the Alleghany mountains. They form large socie- ties and build their nests in the fallen pine trees. The antenna are divergent, straight, moniliform, jaws large, abdomen ringed obtuse, wings much longer, hi ri- zontal, greyish ; length one third of an inch.

61. Formeca suceenea. Entirely of a fine shining and transparent amber colour: thorax with three knots ; abdomen oboval-elliptical; antenna club shaped up- wards, two fifths of total length—It lives in small societies of about one hundred individuals, under stones in the knobs of Kentucky; length about one-tenth of aninch. Head large, rounded; palps visible, antenna bent inwards, the first knot of the thorax longer and bearing the legs. Larva white, oblong and pandu- rate or bilobed. I have already observed about twenty species of Antsin the U. States, mostly new; I am preparing a monography of them.

62. Chermes Silphium-trifoliatum. Elliptical, nearly truncate at both ends; tength double the breadth, pale olivaceous green, back convex, undivided; ar.

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tenna very short.—Found in Kentucky, onthe S. ¢rzfoliatum; length one-eighth of an inch ; if preduces a kind of white substance or mealy wax. :

63. Locusta ca/iptera: Back brown, head and belly yellow, wings blue with two red stripes.—Length half an inch; a beautiful little species found in Ilinois and Indiana.

64 Locusta erythropoda, Yellowish, back with small transversal brown lines: eyes and wings greenish brown: legs withblack knees and red feet.—Length one inch. Seen in Indiana and Kentucky.

Vil CLASS. HELMINTHIA—THE WORMS.

65. Hirudo aterrima Entirely black, oblong. obtuse—Length over one inch ; found in the swamps and bay ous of the valley of the river Ohio. There are at least twenty other undescribed species of Leeches in-the United States.

66. Hirudo Ohiensis. Olivaceous, elongated, flattened, obtuse ; back with two parallel rows of distant red dotts —Length two or three inches. Found in the Olno, at the mouth ef the Kenhaway. :

67. thrudotricolor. Oblong, obtuse, attenuated behind ; red above, with a lon- gitudinal black stripe, yellow or orange colou’ beneath.—Length less than one inch In the swamps near Lake Champlain.

68. Hirudo marmorata. Oblong, obtuse, blackish variegated with brown white and rufois spots.—Together with the foregoing and same size.

eee Vili CLASS, APALOSIA.—THE WMOLLUSCA.

XVI._N.G. Puromyevs. Differs from Limax by no visible mantle, the longer pair of tentacula terminal and club shaped, the shorter tentacula lateral and oblong —The name means friend of fungi, on which they feed.

69. Philomycus quadritus. Grey, back smooth, with four longitudinal rows of irregular black spots, long tentacula black and approximated : rather attenuated behind, tail obtuse —On the banks of the Hudson, length over half an inch.

70. Philomycus oxyurus. Fulvous grey, stender, back wrinkled longitudinally ; tentacula brown, the lateral ones very small; tail acute, carinated above.—Length two-thirds ofan inch, in New-York

71. Philomycns fuscus. Futirely brown, tentacula thick, back smooth, tail com- pressed, acuite.—In Ohio, on Amanita elliptica ; length one-fourth of an inch.

72. Philomycus fexuolaris. Fulvous, back variegated with flexuose brown lines, slightly wrinkled transversally ; attenuated behind, tail obtuse —Length from cone to twoinches, it may change its shape. Mound on the Catskill moun- tains. There are many other species of this genusin the United States.

XVIT N.G Eumetus. Differs from Limax by no visible mantle, the four ten- taciiJa almost in one row in front and cylindrical, nearly equal, the smallest pair between the larger ones. —Name mythological,

73 Enumelus nzbulosus. Body nearly cylindrical, rounded at both ends; back smooth, crowded with grey and fulvows spots intermixed of the same tinge, with- ee beneath ; tentacula brown.—Length about one inch; im Ohio and Ken- tucky.

74. Eumelus lividus. Livid brown above, greyish beneath, antenna black, ob- tuse behind, back smooth and convex.—Length one inch ; in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky 4

75. Linax gracilis. Body slender, head and lower tentacula fulvous, neck grey, upper tentacula brownish, mantle derk fulvous, back smooth brown, beneath dirty white ; tail brown, obtuse above, mucronate and acute beneath —Probably areal Limax. Yet it has the two long tentacula inserted above the neck, while the small ones are terminal, and all slightly club shaped It may perhaps form a sub- genus Deroceras Length over one inch. Found near Hendersonville in Kentucky, and in woods. .

XVHL NG. Hewrtoma “(Univalve land shell). Spire raised and smooth ; 0- pening obliqual elliptic, with an interior raised half margin on the inside lip, a lit- tle twisted ; Columella decurrent on the whorl obliquely and with a very small umbilicus. fhe name means half margin. :

76 Hemilbma ovata Ovate, verv obtuse, smooth, six spires, breadth two-thirds of the length.—Found near Lexington, in nearly a fossil state, by Mr. John D. Clif- ford ; whitish, length three-sixteenth of an inch.

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77. Pleurocera-verrucosa. ¥Ellipsoidal, top very obtuse, base of the opening gbe tase, inside lip thickly plaited ; four spires, the two last flaitened, the other iarge, with several rows of warts, back of the opening wrinkle d.—Length abs ut two thirds of an inch, not quite double the breadth ; colour olivaceous brown, opening whitish. It livesin the lower parts of the Ohio. This genus which contains near- ly twenty species of fluviatile shells, was described in my 70 N. G. Ammoais, &c. I have discovered already about one hundred and eighty species of fluyiatile and land shells in the United States.

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1X CLASS. POLYPIA.—THE POLYPS.

XIX. N.G Maca usma. Body free, globular, cartilagineous, without external organs. A large transversal narrow opening or mouth, likea cleft. Inside hol- low, sides covered with undulated, plicated and lobed appendages.— This curious genus belongs to the order Monostomia, family Gymnotremia, and sub-family .ds0m- opia, next to Mevastoma. Zocodum, &e. The name ineans large cleft.

78. Megalisma maculata early spherical. smvoth, brown with black spots — it was taken on the bank of Newfoundland ; diameter six inches. Moving, roll- ing on itself, contractible, mouth shut or gaping

79. Milleporamoniliformis. Elongate, curved simple, torulose or beaded ; seg- ments unequal. oval or oblong, roundea, solid; pores nearly in transverse rows, subequal, suboval and rathvr approximate — Fossil, near Lexington. One among the three hundred N. sp. of fossil animals, discovered in Kentucky by Mr. Clifford and myself.

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X CLASS POROSTOMIA.—THE POROSTOMES.

XX. N G. Scaventum. Bory fiat, floating, gelatinous, evanescent, homogen- ous, without organs, :mequaily triangular.—I! have first proposed this last class of animals, which have only invisible pores instead of mouths. This genus beloogs tothe order Gymnexia. family dnendia, sub family Aplopsiu, next to Pleropsi, %

80 Scalenium tlanum. Flat, level and thin, transparent, the three sides uncqyul and stiaight, angles nearly acute—In the Atlantic ocean: breadth six inches.

81. Scalenium undulatum. Margin undulated, one side much smaller, sides slightly curved outward, angles obtuse ; colour hyaline, faintly coloured with yel- lowisl.—IJn the Atlantic ocean.

PLANiS. ICLASS. ELTROGYNIA.— THE ELTROGYNES.

82. Vitis denticulata. Branches and petiols striated and pubescent, petiols sub- equal, leaves reniform, acute, subtrilobe, denticulate, denticules very small and callose, shining above, white tomentose beneath, nerves rufous; flowers polyga- mous —In the state of New-York. I presented three years ago to the Philosophi- cal Society of N. York a memoir of the Vines of that state, containing ten species, whereof seven were new: this is one oft them

83. Prunus cuneata Shrubby, branches straight, round, biangular, leaves cu- neate, obtuse, crenate, base entire, glaucous beneath ; umbels sessile, commonly quadriflore, calix serrulate, rugose transversally —On the mountains of Penn- sylyania, probably a Cherry shrub, it risestwo feet, branches dark purple, leaves and flowers small, peduncles short, three to five flowers together, white ; it bles- goms in May.

84. Prunus trifora. Arborescent, branches crooked and smooth, leaves sub- sessile, oblong-lanceclate, acuminate, crenate, sub-obtuse ; umbels sessile, com- monly triflore, calix acute, petals erose —A tree twenty feet high, probably a Cherry tree. In the mountains of Pennsylvania. Flowers numerous, white, smelling strongly of honey. :

85. Rosa pusilla. Stem procumbent, smooth and crooked, stipular thorns straight, petiols pubescent, folioles 3-5, shining above, pubescent and pale be- neath, cbovate, oblong, serrate, base entire, flowers solitary, peduncle hispid, stigmas tomentose, umbilicate, fruits smooth, globular, depressed, calix appendi- culated.—A very small shrub, four to six inches bigh, fruits rather large, saffron colour. I found it at Button lick inthe knob hillsof Kentucky. Lhave sent to Europe the Prodromus of a monograpby of America’ Noses, 1 which thirty-three species and twenty varieties are described, whercof one-half are new.

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86. Azalea fragrans. ¥oliosiflore, leaves obiong-cuneate, Hristly-ciiate, basty acute, end obtuseiy mucronate, glaucous beneath; umbels intersvhate, multificre, bractcate, bracteasscaly, ovate obtuse, concave, tube clongate, vise: sc pilose, stamina and style twice as long as the coralla —A beautiful shrub, three to four feet high, growing on the mountains of Maryland and Virginia. Flowcrs large, white, smelling like Caprifolium and blossoming in June. :

87. Oxalis montana Stemless, creeping, caudex fibrose, petioles flaccid, feli- oles thin, obcordate, dilatate, almost reniform, smcoth, slightly ciliate, scape uni- flore equal to the leaves, styles and petals longer than the stamina, petals cune- ate emarginate —This is the O. acetoselic of Pursh, but not of Linneus. Tfound it on the summit of the Catskill mountains in the state of New-York. Petals white, veined with purple, base yellowish, blossoming in June.

88. Delphidium ( Delphinium_) flecuosum. Nearly smooth, stem upright, sim- ple, thick and flexuose, lcaves on long petioles, palmated, divisions bifid, some- what Iaciniate, lanceolate acute ; raceme thick ovate, flowers nodding, spur ad- scendent, rather curved, as long as the corolla; capsules quaternate.—A small but fine species discovered on Yurtle creek, near Pittsburgh. Itrises only one foot, it blossoms mm May, flowers dark violet with a white palate, raceme often with eight flowers. { have modified the name of Delphinium which was nearly identical with Delphinus a genus of animals.

89. Dentaria parvifoa. Root tubercse vermicular, stem slender, leaves trifoli- tate, the radical ones with folioles petiolate, ovate, acute, serrate, laciniate, those of the caulinar leaves sessile lanceolate, serrate or entire.——A small species, rising only four to six inches. Ifoundit on the beautiful banks of the Loyalhannah. creek in western Pennsylvania; it blossoms in May, flowers of a pale rose colour, stigma capitate, raceme slender, Jeaves small.

90: Stlenewniniata. Stem viscid, pubescent, striated, leaves oblong, acute, pu- bescent, the radical ones petiolate, ciliolate and slightly undulate; flewers ter- minal few, calix viscid, cylindrical-clavate, decangular, petals obtuse, bidentate, eapsule globose-clavate, unilocular—A fine perennial species, about afoot high» leaves remote, flowers scarlet, like red lead and dazzling bright; but facing in drying. Ihave seen it sometimes with four petal, eight stamina, &c. It may be probably necessary to re-establish the genus Atocion cf Adanson, containing the species of Si/ene with unilocular capsules, in which case this speciesmay be called Atocton miniatium.

91. Rumex sylvatica. Reot tuberose, cylindrical, fusiform, stem angular, fur- rowed, straight & simple, leaves petiolate, ovate, oblong, nearly entire, flat, acute at both ends ; raceme elongate, naked and articulated, calix with the external se- pals small, oblong, obtuse, internal ones or petals lacerated ovate, one granular, grain spherical, very large.—Discovered in the woodsof western Kentucky, blos- soming in August; stem hardly overone foot high, radical leaves small,

92. Polygonum punctatum. Stem branched, leaves broad lanceolate, acumis nate, dotted beneath, petiolate, sheaths nervose mutic ; spikes dense, elongate, bracteas ovate, acuminate, membranacecous, flowers geminate, nearly sessile ; ca- lix unequally quinquefid, divisions obtuse, two larger, five stamina, two styles, seed obtuse lenticular—--It growsin western Kentucky and blossoms in August ; flowers white, stem two or three feet high. The genus Polygonum must soon be divided, this then will forma genus or sub-genus, with the other species having an unequul calix, five stam. two st. and lenticular seed ; it might be called Chulic- sium.

93. Polygonum serotinum. Shrubby, stem upright, striated, much branched, branches angular, virgate ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, smooth ; sheaths split laterally, lacerated, membranaceous ; flowers axillary, fasciculate, pedunculate, polygamous: calix rhomboidal, unequally quinguefid, five stamina, three sessile stigmas ; seed unequally triangular, conical, smooth, longer than the calix.—A large species, discovered near Lexington in fields; it forms a smalk shrub two or three feet high, woody only at the base and blossoming in October. it approximates to P. ramosissimum of Mx, & P. parvifolium of Nuttall ; but not at allto P. erectum of L. which Pursh has wrongly united withthe former. Branches nearly naked, leaves very small, flowers two to five together on peduncles as long as them, green, tip rose coloured. This species will probably belongto the genus Polygonella of Mx, which I have called Zyonella. It is polygamous by the abor- ion ef the stamina,

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TI CLASS. MESOGYNIA.—THE MESOGYNKS.

94. Lycupus angustifolius. Leaves sessile, elongate, linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate, remote, serrate in the middle; base dilatated ; whorls pauciflore ; bracteas and teeth of the calix subulate ; corolla equal to the calix; stamina hardly ex- erted.—Found in western Kentucky, blossoming in August; size one foot. Pee zennial.

95. Genituna serpentaria. . Stem cylindrical flexuose ; leaves cuneate or obo- vate-oblong, obtuse, nearly trinerve, undulate, smooth ; flowers fasciculate, ses- sile ; bracteas sub-petiolate, lanceolate, acute ; calix campanulate, shorter than halfef the corolla, pentagone, sinusses membranaceous, truncate ; sepals linear, acute, folixceous, carinate ; corolla tubulose, five toothed ; teeth erect, elongate, obtuse, notched ; sinusses unequally toothed.—Next to G. ochroleuca and G. ca- desbet ; fiowers straw colour veined with green ; five free stamina; filaments ‘r- gone ; anthers white, obtusely sagittated. Tt grows in Indiana where its roots are supposed to stupify the venomous snakes and cure their dite. |

XXI. N.G Inysanties. Calix five parted, sub-equal, ebracteate ; corolla tur bulose, bilabiate ; upper lip ercct, short, bidentate, sinus obtuse ; lower tip iri- Jobe, sinusses acute ; lobes nearly equal, rounded, entire, concave. Stamina two fertile under the upper lip ; anthers unilocular; iwo sterile filaments under the lower lip. Ovary oblong; style compressed above; stigma bilamellate. Capsul oblong-cylindrical, unilocular, bivalve, myriosperme; receptacle central, cylin- drical.—This genus differs from: Gratio/a by the calix, corolla and capsul. ‘The name meansmud flower. Habit of Gradicla and Lindernia; leaves opposite ses- sile ; flowers axillary.

96. Iysunthes riparia’ Branched, smooth, divaricate or decurnbent; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, nearly five nerved, remote toothed, thickish ; peduncles alternate upright, as lung as the leaves; sepals of the calix subulate, shorter than the capsul.—It grows on the overflowed banks and islands of the Ohio and tribu- tary streams, in the mud or even inthe water. Stems quadrangular ; flowers pale blue, lower hip marginated with white. It blossoms in July and August. Annual. A variety has broader ovate leaves. hardly toothed.

97. Cuscuta paradoxa. Stemless, parasite. verticillate ; whorls capitate and dense ; flowers sessile ; calix membranaceous, five parted; sepals embricate, o- vate, lanceolate ; coro!la tubulose, quadrifid, equal to the calix ; sepals janceolate, acute ; four stamina, no appendages; two long styles ; stigmas capitate-—In the barrens of Indiana and Illinois on the stem of Vernonia. A very singular plant ; its stems are filiform and very slender in their youth , but dry and fade while the plant blossoms. Flowers white ; blossoming in June. Annual

93. Cuscuta acuulis. Stemless, parasite, glomerate, compact, amplectent, dense ; flowers sessile ; calix membranaceous, five parted; sepals ovate, acute, corolla campanulate, urceolate, 5 fid; sepals short, ovate, actite ; stamina five, no appendages ; two long styles ; stigma capitate.—Very similar to the forego- ing. Isit only a variety of it ? Found on Eupatorium, Spirea, &c. in the barrens of Kentucky, blossoming in August; flowers white, seldem whorled ; but in large

-amplexicaule glomerations.

99. Gerardia levigata. Smooth; leaves nearly petiolate, lanceolate, acute, entire, pale beneath ; flowers nearly spiked, sub-sessile ; bracteas sessile, ovate lanceolate ; calix campanulate, semi quinquefid ; divisions obtuse —An interme- <liate species between G. flava or villusu and G. glauca or quercifoiia, but very distinct from both. It grnws onthe knob hills of Kentucky, the Cumberland mountains and the Alleghany. It rises about two feet. Stem faintly quadrangular, purplish, simple or branched. Bracteas small; flowers yellow, large, similar to those of G. fava, and blossoming inJuly and August. Perennial.

i1I CLASS. ENDOGYNIA.—THE ENDOGYNES.

100. Sambucus humilis. Perennial; stem herbaceous, fiexuose, few leaved : Teaves five foliolate ; folioles nearly sessile, ovate-elliptical, thin, serrate, acumi- nate, terminalone larger and petiolate ; cyme terminal quinquefi ; two short binate and lanceolate bracteas—On the banks ofthe Ohio in Virginia; it blos- soms in June ; stem only one foot high ; leaves large ; flowers white. It will re- present in America the ¥ Fbv?us.

101. Cornus obigua: Shrubby; branches nearly cylindrical, semirugose dicho

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tomous; leaves petiolate, elliptical lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, yellowish giau- eous beneath ; cyme erect, pecunculate, axillary ‘o the last. ichotemics and much shorter, naked and trichotomous.—A shrub four to five feet high, growing on the banks of the Kentucky river. I described it in the Western Review, vol. 1. p 229. The C albida of Erhart which isa distinct species, differs from it by Janceclate leaves, not obliqual, dimidiate peti-Is, cvms terminal, &c. and the €. polygama of Fl- Ludoviciana by sessile leaves, fruit black, &c.

102 Twustonia rapestris. Smooth; stems fruticulose, assurgent and genicu- late ; leaves long linear, attenuate andacute at both ends; flowers corymbose paniculate ; pedoncles short, unequal; divisions of the corolla lanceclate acute, style exert, capsule elongate —A small shrub, a foot high, growing on the cliffs of the Kentucky river, and blossoming in August. It is very different from E- tenvifola of Nuttall which is not frutescent

103 Aparine ( Golium L_) viscidiflora. Stem erect ; leaves quaternate, semi- petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, nearly obtuse trinerve, margin and nerves ciliate ; flowers in divaricate, lateral, loose and trichotomous panicles; bractexs opposite Janceolate ; neduncles long and slender ; corolla visci’, divisions ovate mucro- nate. frit smooth.—A pretty species with dark purple flowers ; it grows in the Alleclany mountains of Maryland, &c blossoming in June. Stem a foot high ; Perennial. ‘he linnean name of Galium being nearly the same as .#lliwn, the former and better name cf Tournefort ought to be emploved instea .

104. Cacalic panicvlata ‘Stem grooved ; leaves peticla’:, rbon beidal, acute at both ends: base entire, remainder unequolly sinuate; teeth large. acute: flows ers paniculate ; peduncles divaricate, with some small scaly bracteoles ; perian- the five leaved, five flowered: phvlles lanceolate. carinate—1t grows in the knob hil!s of Kentucky, blossomirg in Aucnust ; flowers white.

105. Cacalia pteranthee, Stem grooved an: crocked ; leaves petiolate, ovete or lanceolate. acute thick laciniate ; flowers corvmbose, paniculate ; peduncles elongate ; perianthe five leaved. five flowered ; phylles oblong, with an undula- ted wing on the back —It grows in the harrens of Indiana and Hlinois, Flowers white: it has much affinity with the foregoing

106. Solidago sphacelaia. Stem striated, pubescert above; leaves petiolate, ovete. acute, mucronate, serrated inthe middle, rough on the edges and beneath, infericr ones subcordate ; flowers sessile. lateral sptkes loose, denseflowered and shert, the lower ones recurved, reflexed. the terminal one erect; folioles of the perianthe oblong obtuse, brown or sphacelate at the end, adpressed, l'gules ob- tuse, hardly Jonger.—It grows on the hills of Kentockv and Virginia, rising less than two feet; leaves smal}, abont an inch long ; ; flowers of a dirty brownish yellow, blossoming in August Perennial.

107. Solidago riupestvis. Stem straight. slender, striated, pubescent above ; leaves crowded, bread, linear, sessile, verv acute, with faint rem: fe servatures, except at the end, smooth and trirervate ; flowers lateral, ascending, peduncrta- ted ; racemes crowded, paniculated, elongate, flexuose, bracteate. divaricate, the terminal one reflexed ; bracteolescubulate; folioles of the perianthe loose, subue late, acute ; ligules elongate, narrow, Tnear.—A fine species. growing on the cliffs of the Kentucky river. and blossoming in Sugust; flowers bright yellow ; leaves slender, breadth only one-tenth of the length. Stemtwo feet high. It has some affinity with § odora butis not fregrant. Thad wronely called it S par- wifora in some specimens sent to severa! botanists. Perennial.

108. Helianthus hirsutus. Hirsute ; leaves shirtly petiolate; Janceolate very acute, remote, serrate. pale beneath. somewhat trinervate: flowers terminal, soli- tary, nearly sessile ; folioles of the perianthe adpressed, ovate, acute, ciliate, stria- ted, brownish —1 found it on the knob hil!s of Kentucky, blessoming in August: Stem two orthree feet high, simple, covered with stiff grey hrirs very much erowded,those of the leaves are more remote. TPerennial

XXUWON.G. Peramrsvs. Perianthe 12-16 partite ona single row, folioles al- ternately longer and shorter ; eight sterile rays without ovary. Phoranthe eon- vex, paleaccous. Florets with a triangular ovary without teeth, tubulose cam- panutate. Seeds triangular, naked, smooth —This is another of the numerous genera having affinities with Rudheckia, Ratibida, Tehachus and Coreopsis, from which it differs by the naked seed, &#e. and from Ohelist-ca by the simple perians the convex phorsnthe and triangular seeds. The Coreopsis acuta, P. Cor scabra F}. Undoy. en) C. palmata. rosea and nudata Nuttall. w') belong either to this ge~ nus orto Odclisteca. Vhe name means alternating around.

a

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1092. Peramidus hirtus. Bristly ; stem angular, flexuose and nearly dichotome ; leaves semi-amplexicaule, lanceolate, acuminate, serratein the middle, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate ; flowers somewhat corymbose, nearly sessile ; folioles of the perianthe linear, lanceolate, hardly acute; chaffs ovate-lanceolate, acumi- hare, purplish, as longas the florets; rays elliptical, notched, hardly longer thrn the perianthe --It grows on the hills near Lacking river in Kentucky Stem two or three feet high, covered with stiff white hairs as well as the leaves: it blossoms in August.. I called it once Coreopsis hirta; rays yellow. Perennial.

110. Gynema viseida. Partly pubescent and clammy ; leaves petiolate, ellip- tical, lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, mucronate, serrate, base entire ; flowe ers corymbose, terminal and axillary, glomerulated ; folioles of the perianthe o- vate-lanceolate, acute, rufous, ciliolate —A fine plant not uncommon in Kentucky in fields and woods. It belongs tothe genus Gynema of my flora ludoviciana. Stem two to three feet high. ‘The whole plant has a very strong balsamic smell. It blossoms in August and September; flowers pale red. I had formerly cuailed it G. dentata. Biennial.

ipiigeieamantemengeaan

IV CLASS. SYMPHOGYN!A.—THE SYMPHOGYNES.

111 Lobelianivea. Stemsimple, smooth, striated above ; leaves adpressed, cuneate, obtuse, emarginate, ciliolate, slightly rough, glaucous beneath, laterally notched, notches glandular ; spike racemose, elongate, slender ; bracteoles subu- late ; flowers nodding ; peduncles shorter than the calix ; sepals subulate.—-A pretty species, with a very long-spike of small snow-white flowers. I found it at, the Blue licks in Kentucky, blossoming in July. Ferennial Stem one or two feet high.

112. Welothria nigra. . Stem filiform, angular trailing ; leaves roughish, sub- reniform, five lobed, remote, denticulated, middle lobe longer, cirrhes and pes duncles fasciculated with the leaves; fowers polygamous; monoical, male, pe- duncles uniflore, the males multiffore, berries globular ovate, black, shining.—lIt grows in the valley of the Kentucky river near Estill; Stem trailing on the sround from three to ten fect ; leaves and flowers small, these vellow, blossom- ing in August. It offers many varieties, all distinct from J pendula. An- nual.

113. Ludwigia tuber sa. Roots tuberose, geminate, fusiform ; stem simple, flexuose, angular; Icaves alternate sessile, smooth, entire, ovate-oblong, acute at both ends ; flowers terminal, one to three pedunculated ; capsuls 4 gone, ob- pileate, short, truncate.—It grows on the banks of the Ohio in Virginia; stem on- ly six inches high, it blossoms in September. Perennial.

114. Oenothera pilosella. Pilose; stem simple, flexuose, paticiflore, ; radical leaves petiolate ovate, obtuse, toothed, caulinar, sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, entire ; flowers terminal, sessile; tube of the calix shorterthanthe limb, which is four toothed, split laterally ; petals obcordate, as long as the calix ; capsul obd- Jong, 4 gone, venose.—Discuvered in Indiana near Evansville. Biennial. Six inches high Flowers yellow, blossoming in August.

115. Cactus humifusus. Articulated ; articles diffuse, procumbent, obovate, flat; spinules very minute, rufescent; fruits lateral, scattered, inerme, smooth, ovate, scarlet.—This isthe common Cactus of the United States, which has been mistaken for .he C. Opuntia by allour botanists. It grows from New-York to Kentucky and Missouri, trailing on the ground from one to fifteen teet; articles two to five inches long; lowers yellow, an inch in diameter; fruit size of a plumb, good to eat; skin very thinand quite smooth; while in. C opuntia it is thick and spinescent.

V CLASS. ANGIOGYNIA.—FHE ANGIOGYNES.

116. Habenaria racemosa. Stem flexuose, angular ; lower leaves elliptical, ob- tuse, upper ones lanceolate and small ; flowers racemose, pedunculate; bracteas oblong, lanceolate, longer than the ovary, which is fusiform; sepals elliptical, oblong, concave, sub-equal; labellum tripartite : divisions cuneate, flabellate, 5 fid, lacerated ; spur shorter than the ovary.—Discovered by Mr: Knevels, near Fishkill. Stem twofeet high ; flowers purple, blossoming in August, in an oblong and thick raceme, pretty large. The genus Habenaria of Brown contains all the species of Orchis with two anthers.

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¥I CLASS. GYMNOGYNIA.—THE GYMNOGYNES. .-

417. Clintonia parvifora. Leaves with the margin and keel ciliate; umbellule multifiore ; flowers erect ; sepals unguiculated ; claws erect; limb rotate; disk obovul, obtuse.—On the Alleghany mountains im Maryland, a small species with white inodorous flowers. . i

118. Clintonia podanisia. Leaves cikated only inthe margin; umbellule 2-5 flowered ; peduncles unequal, one erect, the other curved; flowers erect, semi-campanulate ; sepals oblong, acute—Found with the foregoing ; Jarger = flowers large and white. My genus Clintonia (Amer. Jour. of Sc.) contains now four species ; the other two are Cl. mudans ( Dracena borealis Auct.) and C7. ado- rata, (the Convall. umbellulata of Michaux); they afford many varieties. I have sent a new monography of this genus to the same Journal.

VIF CLASS. PHANEROGYNIA.—THE PHANERIANS.

XXII. N. G. Hevycutoz. Flowers capitate, involucrate, chafly or paleaceous. Chafts uniflore, glumaceous. Glum bivalve ; valves unequal, carinate, the inter- nal larger and involving. Stamina two, Ovary pedicellated, elliptical, obtuse, compressed; one style, two stigmas.—The type of this genus is the Ayllingia pumila, which ¥ call Hedychloe fragrans, and is found from Tlinois te Carolina.

119. Scirpus ergva’is. Scapesand leaves eylindrical, smooth ; fistulose very long, acute ; spikes lateral under the apex, glomerated, ovate, sub-sessile ; scales

evate, mucronate, brown, arachnoidal.—It grows in the creeks and rivers of

New York and Pennsylvania, rising to five and six feet. &tis probably the Se: facustris of our botanisis, but not the European and linnean species.

VIE CLASS. CRYPTOGYNIA.—THE CRYPTIANS.

120. Pelupodinm erosum. Stem filiform and smooth; frend pinnated ; fohioles pinnatifid ; pinnules erose, obtuse, notched, thin and smooth; nerves flexuose ; sores scattered, rounded, unequal.—A small species, six inches high at utmost, with a short frond ; it grows owrocks in the knoihiils of Kentucky.

IX CLASS. MYCOSIA..-THE FUNGIANS.

XXIV. N.G. AwasTomants. Fructification in flexuose lamellar veims; anas- fomosed like anet.—This genus will be next to Merulius and Dedalea ; some species of them may probably belong to it.

121. Anastomaria campanulata: Stipitated fulvous, ; stipe thick ; peride cam- pannlated ; netted outside, margin erose, insides scaly and dark spotted.—This

may be the type of the genus. Size fouror five inches. It grows in the state of

Wew-York.

422. iAnastomaia dimidiata. Sessile, dimidiated, embricated, wrinkled above end fulvous with brown or black zones, netted beneath ; veins often bifid near the margin.—Near Catskill, state of New-York. Et may be the type of a sub-genus

Jampsilécus.

123. Sisostrema globidaris. Stipe lateral, exceedingly short: peride globular, white above, flattened and reddish brown beneath, with a marginal concentric firrow—Found on a Beech tree on the Catskill mountains ; pores unequal, po- ygonal, lacerated. Perhaps anew genus, Lamyzis, intermediate between Sisos« gemaand Boletus.

X CLASS. ALGOSIA.—THE ALGIANS,

HXNVN. G. Srypssow. A floating gelatinous and flocose mass, easily divided and homogenous, without any perceptible filaments or organs—A very singular genus, nex! to my G. Potarcus. It differs from Conferva, which consists of fixed filaments, and Oscillatoria of interwoven articulated ones. I could not perceive

any filaments in it, perhapsa microscope might show some, surrounded by a jelly~

The name means Tow in greek.

124. Stypnion fuitans. Floating, elongated perpendicularly ; amorphous, flos- cose or lacerated ; of a dirty yellowish or brown colour.—Very common on the eurtace of the Ohio in Summer, having the appearance of pieces of ropes or oak» em. It smells like Conferva. eee

PRIN LED BY SHOMAS sMITd....LEXINGTON, KY-