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RETURN TO
LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
WOODS HOLE, MASS.
LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
The Annals
OF
Scottish Natural History
A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE
WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED
“Che Scottish Naturalist”
EDITED BY
jeas ETARVIE-BROWN, HoR{S- Ey EZ.S:
MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
AMES We ly qoATIES MAC MEDS HaRsS. a8. 1.S:
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN
AND
WILLIAM EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., Mem. Brir. Orn. UNION
NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT, MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART, EDINBURGH
Les
ay
VRaTURAM
EDINBURGH
DAVID DOUGLAS, CASTLE STREET
LONDON: R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES ST., CAVENDISH SQUARE
The Annals
of
Scottish Natural History
No. 45] 1903 [January
MAOMAS EDWARDS BUCKEEN:
IN MEMORIAM.
By J. A. Harvie-Brown.
IT is with feelings of unusual poignancy of sorrow that we
record a great blank in our happinesses, friendships, and asso-
ciations in the death of our friend Mr. T. E. Buckley, at Rossal,
Inverness, after prolonged illness and suffering, on the 4th of
November 1902. Mr. Buckley never appeared to have re-
gained his previous good health since he was first seized by a
virulent attack of influenza in March 1900, nor did he ever
really rally after he received the culminating attack on the
4th of June 1902.
Mr. Buckley was born on the 3rd of April 1846, and was
the son of the Rev. Thomas Buckley, rector of St. Thomas, Old
Trafford, known later as “ The Church of the Two Asylums,”
and Elizabeth Akroyd, his wife. He was educated at Rugby
and by private tuition, and, spending his youth and part
of his early manhood at his native place—Old Trafford,
near Manchester, and at Beverley, Yorkshire—till 18609,
he afterwards passed a full curriculum at the University of
cambridge, where he took his degree of Bachelor of Arts
about 1867 or 1868. He visited Scotland for the first time
in 1869 as the guest of Mr. Donald Charles Cameron, of
Glenbrittle, Skye.
45 B
2 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
In 1866 he went to Lapland and Sweden, and returned
to Sweden in the two following years.
In 1869 he visited Turkey and Greece, along with Mr.
H. J. Elwes, on a collecting trip, the results of which are
detailed, under joint authorship with his friend and com-
panion, in the “Ibis” for the year 1871—one of these
delightful accounts of good field work which graced the
earlier volumes of that magazine.
He made four different expeditions into Africa for
sporting purposes—to the Gold Coast in 1872, accompanied
by Captain Shelley ; to Matabeleland, in pursuit of birds, in
1873, with Frank and William Oates ; to Amaswaziland in
1876; and lastly to Kilimanjaro in 1888-89, with his
greatest friend, Guy Dawnay (M.P. for the North Riding of
Yorkshire from 1882 to 1885), whom he had met first in
South Africa in 1873.
In 1882 he paid a first visit to New Brunswick, in com-
pany with his cousin, Mr. Charles Akroyd, and went there
again in 1884. In 1893 he went on a sporting expedition
with Akroyd to the Rockies. A grand series of his trophies
of all these several expeditions have ever since adorned the
hall and staircase of the lovely house in Inverness.
He became the lessee of the shootings of Gordonbush,
Brora, in Sutherland, and occupied these from 1870 till’
1873.
In 1874 he married Miss Reed, only child of Ellerington
Reed, of Gordonbush ; and since he returned from his last
African expedition he may be said to have resided princi-
pally in Scotland.
In 1885 he purchased the small Highland estate of
Rossal, on the River Cassley, in Sutherland, but he resold it
two years later, because he did not find the sporting or the
residential amenities of the place up to his expectations.
He then built the handsome house in Inverness, in which he
had resided as his home till his death, and which was named
Rossal after his previous possession.
On the River Helmsdale Buckley broke the record of
salmon killed by rod single-handed in the North of Scotland,
the previous record having been twenty-one fish to one rod
on the Thurso. His record on the Helmsdale was twenty-
THOMAS EDWARD BUCKLEY—IN MEMORIAM 3
two fish, all killed with fly on a 12-foot. trout-rod, and
unaided by an attendant. A very full account of this
“grand bit of sport” he wrote, at Mr. Grimble’s request, for
that gentleman’s handsome volume on the “Salmon Rivers
of Scotland.”
Perhaps the greatest personal sorrow Buckley ever had
during his life was the loss of his friend, the late Guy
Dawnay, who accompanied Buckley on his last African
expedition in 1888-89, as above referred to, and who met
with his death from the treacherous charge of a wounded
buffalo.
The last two shooting seasons of his life were spent at
Castlehill, Castleton, near Thurso, whence finally he was
removed to his own home at Rossal, Inverness.
The writer first met Buckley in 1871, in the house of
Mr. H. J. Elwes, Portman Square, London, and since then
has been intimately associated with him in work connected
with a survey of the vertebrate fauna of Scotland. On these
many pleasant associations and friendship I do not enlarge,
except to say that during the long period in which we
worked together there has been not only complete extente
cordiale, but also, better still, the most unflagging friendship.
In conclusion, I desire to add that I am indebted and
grateful to Miss Buckley, assisted by Mr. Akroyd, for some
of the more exact dates of the salient periods in his life’s
work.
The following I believe to be a fairly complete list of his
published contributions to science, but I would be glad to
be informed if I have omitted any :—
1670.2 hist of the Birds*of Turkey,’ by H. J. Elwes and T. FE.
Buckley (‘ Ibis,’ 1870, three parts).
1872. ‘Two Months’ Collecting on the Gold Coast,’ by Captain G.
E. Shelley and T. E. B. (“ Ibis,” July 1872).
1873. ‘List of Birds collected or observed during a Journey into
the Matabele Country in 1873’ (“ Ibis,” p. 355).
1876. ‘On the Past and Present Distribution of the Large Mammals
of South Africa’ (“P.Z.S.” 7th March 1876, of. cit.).
1877. The same continued, p. 277. These contain the united
experiences of his two South African expeditions.
1881. ‘On the Birds of East Sutherland’ (1869 to 1880, “ Proc.
Glasgow Nat. Hist. Soc.” April 1881).
4 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
1882. ‘On the Variability of the Plumage exhibited by the Red
Grouse ’.(“ P.Z.S.” 7th Jane 1832):
1888. ‘A few Notes on the Migratory Habits of the Red Grouse’
(Inverness Field Club, 22nd May 1892).
1892. ‘Contribution to the Vertebrate Fauna of Sutherland and
Caithness’ (“ Annals of Scot. Nat. Hist.” July 1892).
And many minor notes and contributions to the ‘‘ Proc. Glasg. Nat.
Hist. Soc.” and “ Annals Scot. Nat. Hist.” etc.
THE RED DEER lOBSNOME Uist.
By ANDREW M‘ELFRISH.
THERE are about three hundred deer in North Uist. The
North Uist deer are particularly good. I believe they com-
pare favourably with, if they do not surpass, the deer of most
Scotch forests. They are all big, heavy animals, and the
stags carry very fine heads. The proportion of “ Royals”
and fine heads is, I believe, worthy of note. A few years
ago I counted five “ Royals” in one day. Within the last
fifteen years two endeavours were made to introduce fresh
blood by the deceased proprietor, the late Sir John Campbell
Orde, Bart., first by the introduction of a very large stag
from one of the south country parks—but this animal, which
was very tame and grazed among the cattle on the west side
of the island, was wantonly shot by one of the natives—and
afterwards by the introduction of a number of calves from
forests in the north. These calves were brought across,
reared on cows’ milk, and when sufficiently grown, having
been lug-marked, were turned out into the forest. Afterwards
I repeatedly saw them trotting about by themselves. They
appeared to keep pretty much by themselves. I have not
heard of any of them being killed.
Our present proprietor, Sir Arthur Campbell Orde, has
adopted means for the regular infusion of fresh blood, and it
is to be hoped he will succeed. He has purchased an Irish
stag and several hinds. ‘These he is keeping in a park
within the policies at Kilmory, his seat in Argyllshire, and |
THE RED DEER OF NORTH UIST 5
understand his intention is to import the young to North
Uist, and after a time to transfer the stag there also, and
replace him at Kilmory by another. I had recently the
pleasure of seeing these animals, and to my eye the Uist
animals are certainly not inferior to them.
A very fine stag was shot in North Uist on 2nd September
1897. He was a real wild Highlandman, carried a grand
head of 14 points, and weighed 22 stone 7 lbs. I knew him
for several years before he was killed. He occupied a small
island in a loch at Braenish, on the east side of the public
road, where I often went to look at him. He was a great
favourite of the then keeper, who was very proud of him and
called him “the big fellow.” I was quite sorry when he was
killed, and followed up his head until I overtook it and got
photos. At the same time there was another magnificent
stag which occupied the island of “ Mossam” in Loch Fada.
The “Mossam” stag was of great size, quite as large and
heavy as the other, and carried a very fine “ Royal” head of
jet black antlers with perfect cups and tips which in the
sun shone almost like silver. This animal, which was also a
great favourite of the keeper, when I saw him last was easily
distinguishable from the others by the intense blackness of his
antlers. The North Uist deer get no hand-feeding. Since
the stag above alluded to was shot, another 14-pointer was
sot in 1898. A 16-pointer was got in 1900. During the
years 1897-1901, over and above these animals, five Royals
and three 13-pointers were got.
A few years ago a number of deer left the island of
Pabbay, swam across to North Uist, and took up their
quarters on the farm of Newton and the golf course at
Trumisgarry. I do not know whether they eventually
succeeded in taking up with the North Uist deer, but the
keeper of the time said the stags were afraid to venture
among the North Uist deer, that the latter would have none
of them, that so soon as one of the Pabbay stags ventured to
cross a certain line he was set upon by the North Uist stags
and driven back. This may have been a romance, but at
all events Sir John did not desire that these stags should
pay attention to his hinds. He did not admire their heads.
One of them which I several times saw on the golf course
6 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
had a peculiar head. The horns immediately above the
brow antler shot out almost at right angles to the head,
and then went straight up and finished off with two upright
points at the top.
A few years ago, possibly four or five, a stag, but whether
from Pabbay or North Uist is not known, wandered down
to South Uist, across both fords and through the island of
Benbecula, and took up his quarters on the farm of Ashemish.
For some time he was occasionally seen at different spots,
but I believe not for some time back. Possibly grown
tired of celibacy, he returned north to gather a harem
about him.
There is a story that, in years gone by, the deer fre-
quently crossed the Sound of Harris between Harris and
North Uist, and that the hinds were caught by the in-
habitants of the island of Bernera, “put on tethers,” and
recularly milked by the ladies. I think the story a bit too
tall. I very much doubt any Bernera ladies having the
courage to attempt to milk a hind, even supposing the hind
would stand for her to do so.
Subjoined is a note of the particulars of deer killed in
North Uist during the years 1897-1901 :—
1897
STAGS & (9 stone 7 lbs. 7 points.
I. 22 stone 7 lbs. 14 points.
d 2 i HINDs
2. 15 ” 7 ” T3 9
Cie sie oe THOR or 9 I. 9 stone 7 lbs.
4. 15 39 TZ, ” Die 9 ”
1898
STAGS 2. iz stone sy libs: 9 points.
, | 4. 17 ” T4 ”
I. 13 stone 8 lbs. 13 points. | By Me ate iliinges Sts
220 ane EO us. 1G; {COs iG aaa Tile ooh
1899
STAGS 5.20 Stone, | 1a points:
Op) 2a Sl ease
I. 15 stone 8 points. A
PARAS G os iB
Bey Sie ae ray ORs 1. 7 stone 7 lbs:
Hick ea Rosie gs TiS) ees By (8) ‘
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 7
1900
STacs 3. 18 stone 12 points.
fale Mvab oe 9 ”
t-te stone 16 points. Rt Aner e ss eee ee
2. 15 ” fe) ” 6. 14 5; 7 ”
1901
STACS | 52) a5, stome: 7 slips: 12 points.
zi | >
a | 6. 12 9 Zi ” cS) bP)
eS UOINE 2) points; || r
2. 17 5 TO 35 | HInbs
Gi) Mice cae Tu Paillose Ont as r. 8 stone
| Oo}
AO Wer iy Ieee ume. eiiRllosy
ONG THE” AVIFAUNA, OF. SHE OUTER
HEBRIDES: 1335-1Loo2:
By J. A. Harviz-BRrown.
(Continued from p. 217, Vo. 44.)
CORNCRAKE (Cvex pratensis), p. 122.—There are certainly some
curious statistics in connection with the arrivals, residence, and
departures of this species in the Outer Hebrides (see our previous
accounts). Mr. C. V. A. Peel holds that some remain all winter ;
and records having shot one upon December 15, 1898, and another
on January 19, 1899. And he adds: “I have frequently seen Land-
rails in winter on the island of Vallay, North Uist.” Mr. Peel quotes
from his game-book, in reply to my inquiry: “I always examined
Water-rails and Land-rails carefully, but never shot a Carolina Rail.”
I asked the question, having reference to the record of the Carolina
Rail recorded as obtained in Tiree by Mr. Lort Phillips in the
winter Of 1901-1902 (“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1902, p. 9). It is
interesting in this connection to record that Corncrakes were also
found wintering in the island of Tiree during the season of 1go1-
1902, which we have record of at date of March 3, 1902.
Coot (fulica atra), p. 123.—Previously rather rare in Benbecula,
it is reported as ‘now very common there” by Mr. M‘Elfrish, who
adds: “at all events, hundreds are bred on the west sides of North
Uist and Benbecula every year on the fresh-water lochs.”
There does not appear to be much difference known in the dis-
tribution of this bird in the Outer Hebrides north of the Sound of
Harris. Mr. Radclyffe Waters can only speak of it as frequenting
8 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
one loch on the Galston Shootings in Lewis (‘‘ Zoologist” 1896, p.
142).
GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis), p. 124.—Correspondents
agree, as a rule, that this species has greatly increased, and are most
abundant in the southern isles of the group, especially in Benbecula
and South Uist, in winter, but it appears still to be a somewhat rare
breeding species anywhere south of the Sound of Harris. A variety
of the Golden Plover is recorded by Dr. M‘Rury—wings and tail
partly white (‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1893, p. 116).
Golden Plovers are recorded as having been seen in St. Kilda
by Mr. Norman Heathcote in his “St. Kilda,” p. 193.
Mr. M‘Elfrish, after speaking of “a very few pairs breeding in
North Uist, and of one pair which bred regularly within two miles of
Lochmaddy, some years ago,” gives a good account of their arrivals
there and in Benbecula. He says: ‘‘In August a few small lots arrive,
and later on more come in. By October and November they may
be seen in countless numbers in some years, and, of the islands of
our district, Benbecula is by far the most frequented.” Mr. Abel
Chapman describes the arrival of the Golden Plover in North Uist as
“‘ streaming in from the north over Ben Maravall on October 1.
GREY PLOVER (Charadrius helvetica), p. 124.—The Grey Plover
appears to be a rare species in the Outer Hebrides. It is recorded as
occurring in mid-winter, January 1892, in Barra, by Dr. M‘Rury, and
has been shot by Mr. W. L. MacGillivray of Eoligary. Dr. M‘Rury
also mentions that he had only once met with it on the Vallay
Strand in North Uist “some nine or ten years ago” (“ Ann. Scot. Nat.
Hist.” 1893;/p: 116). And Mr.’C. VV: A’’ Peel marks it’as" seen
only twice by him in North Uist” during the last five years. One
is also recorded from Island Ghlais in Harris on May 10
(“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1893, p. 160).
Mr. M‘Elfrish says of it: “‘ By no manner of means common. I
never saw one in North Uist, but have shot a few in Benbecula during
Sir Wm. Smythe’s tenancy of the shooting. Five or six at a time
were the most that were seen.”
GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus cristatus), p. 125.—Now, although
MacGillivray speaks of the Lapwing as “ being of very rare occurrence
in the extreme north of Scotland and in the Hebrides,” C. Gordon,
in his annotation, says: ‘‘ Thousands of these birds breed in South
Uist every year to my certain knowledge, having both seen the young
and taken the eggs”; and in this remark he is supported by the
authority of the late Mr. John MacGillivray.
There is every reason to believe in the increase of the Lapwing,
especially to the south of the Sound of Harris. Mr. Peel, who has
shot for some seasons in islands on both sides of the Sound, con-
siders them commonest and in larger flocks in North and South Uist
and Benbecula than to the north of the Sound of Harris.
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 9
One nest of Lapwings’ eggs was found on Pabay More, an
island off the west side of Lewis, in June 1gor; and one nest with
four eggs was taken in Bernera in May 1902.
RED-NECKED PHALAROPE (P. hyferboreus), p. 129.—Of birds
formerly comparatively rare as breeding species, the same corre-
spondent mentioned under Swan, Terns, etc., instances the Red-
necked Phalarope as having greatly increased. He says: “ When
I came here seventeen years ago it was a very rare thing to see
more than two pairs in a season. Now, ze. in the summer of
tg00, I counted about thirty pairs round their favourite haunt ;
but, des¢des, they are fairly well distributed over the islands in the
nesting season.” I may, however, say that his remarks cannot be
held to refer to any of the islands or any parts of the mainshores or
lochs north of the Sound of Harris. Similar evidence is borne out
by the excellent notes I have received from Mr. M‘Elfrish, who
mentions seeing a flock of about fifty at one locality. He adds,
however, that he had never seen a flock before. More data are
required to establish the fact of an increase.
GREY PHALAROPE (P. fulicarius), p. 130.—The first record of
the species in the Outer Hebrides bears date of about October 20,
Ig00, as given by Buckley, and was shot at Lochmaddy. In 1go01
Mr. Eagle Clarke received the wing and leg of one obtained at
Eilean Ghlais Lighthouse on November 3, and Dr. John M‘Rury
records one found in Barra in September (“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.”
1892, p. 139; 1894, p. 207).
Woopcock (Scolopax rusticola), p. 130.—We have recorded
in the first number of the “Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” the nesting of
the Woodcock in the Outer Hebrides. ‘This record may, I consider,
be looked upon as the first positive information we possessed of the
fact, and of the extension from the mainland or Inner Hebrides.
According to Prof. Duns, the Woodcock has never been known
to nest in The Lews up to the date of 1865 (‘‘ Fauna of the Outer
Hebrides,” p. 130). Then we were told that it bred at Stornoway
in 1879 by Mr. Greenwood (éoc. ci¢.). There are earlier general
statements, however, which ought not to be lost sight of, viz. those
given in the sporting accounts of “ Sixty-One,”! and Mr. Newall,
who, in a very casual way, describes it as follows: ‘‘ Woodcock do
not breed there ”—z.e. in The Lews—“ except so occasionally as to
prove the rule.”
Very likely he had good reason for making this remark, but the
next statement is not quite so worthy of repetition, and rather points
to the possibility that the first is also imperfect, viz.—he goes on to
say: “‘as is the case on the mainland coast opposite” (z¢.e. excep-
tional). _Woodcocks were, however, known to breed in many other
! Hely-Hutchison.
fe) ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
parts of Scotland long before the date of Mr. Newall’s experiences
(ze. “Scottish Moors and Indian Journals,” 1887, p. 54). And
in support of the first statement I have Mr. D. Mackenzie’s com-
munication that “I hear no account of the Woodcock nesting in
this island—z.e. Lewis—and I don’t think they do. If there were
any about the Castle grounds they would be seen, no doubt.” Of
course we have the undoubted occurrence of it breeding farther
south, viz. in North Uist.
Mr. C. V. A. Peel considers that Barra is the best cock-ground
in the Isles in his experience.
At the present time, correspondents seem to agree that Wood-
cocks are not so abundant as formerly, ze. in the winter and
shooting season, and some correspondents hold that they have
never recovered from the effects of a severe winter in the isles in
1894-95. In 1901, Woodcock are again reported as not plentiful.
On migration, I have accounts of it passing as far south and west
as Monach and Flannan Isles (October 1893; ‘Ann. Scot. Nat.
Hist.” October 1894), but none, so far as I can find, farther
south in the Outer Hebrides.
The time of their arrival in autumn is given as about the third
week in October. ‘The first observed of the season 1893 was on
October 29.
Mr. Peel gives some interesting data as to the regular arrivals of
Woodcocks in the Isles, which I think worth reproduction.
Mr. Peel says: “The Woodcock makes its appearance in the
Outer Hebrides in mid-October, almost to a day. In 1895, on
October 14; in 1896, on October 15; in 1897, on October 18 ;
in 1898, on October 17.” Mr. M‘Elfrish follows Mr. Peel’s account
with the information that they “come to North Uist every year.
The first of them arrive regularly from October 20 to October 25.
Several years the first were found in Benbecula on October 23.
Earliest, October 14, and latest, October 27. By November the
bulk may be said to have arrived. The numbers vary in different
years. I have known of 60 being shot in two days.”
These accounts of Mr. Peel and Mr. M‘Elfrish are followed up
by the dates of their occurrences in the northern portions of the
Long Island, and can scarcely fail to interest the student of migra-
tion, as well as be useful to the sportsman. Mr. Radclyffe Waters
writes as follows: ‘“‘ Woodcock are far less abundant at Gress than
at Galston, but on both shootings it has been much scarcer since the
great frost of 1894-95. In that year I received 176 Woodcock from
Galston, and after that they had become too thin to be worth shoot-
ing, and the keeper was picking up many dead ones along the shore,
along with Gulls, Golden Plover, etc. That was the best year for
Woodcock of my tenancy ; the numbers in the previous years being
126, 127, 99, 37, and in 1895-96 falling to 30.” Mr. Radclyffe
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES Il
Waters also gives me the following interesting dates of arrival at
Galston in the west, and Gress in the east. “I have the following
dates of the first appearances of the Woodcock in Lewis. At
Galston, September 11, 1891 (possibly a bird that had remained all the
summer), October 19, 1892, October 20, 1893, October 25, 1895.
At Gress, October 18, 1899, October 20, 1901.”
Amongst many most excellent notes Mr. M‘Elfrish of Loch-
maddy says: ‘“ Personally, I have never seen but one Woodcock
which had passed the summer in North Uist, and I fear he did so
nolens volens. A brother of Lady Campbell Orde and I were shoot-
ing just outside the Balelone march, on a day in September some
years ago, when my dog set. After a search we found a cock
squatting in the heather. I picked him up in my hand, and found
he had only one wing, having lost the other cut off close to his
body. The stump was quite healed, and he was as fat as a ball of
butter.
“He had evidently lost the wing against the march fence, and
had been left behind when his friends took their departure the
previous season.”
Common SNIPE (Scolopax gallinago), p. 131.—Mr. M‘Elfrish
tells me he has never seen Snipes sitting upon the sands as described
in our ‘Fauna of the Outer Hebrides,” p. 131, where we quoted
Professor MacGillivray and Gray, but he has seen them arriving in
large flocks during their migration. He writes as follows: ‘On
October 20, 1899, I saw a most interesting sight when driving
between Howmore in South Uist and Lochboisdale. I had just
got a short distance south from Howmore, when happening to look
behind, I saw a great flock of birds flying towards me from the
north. They were a considerable distance off when I saw them
first, and I could not make sure what they were, so I had the trap
stopped, and watched. They came right on until they were almost
over my head, and then began to fly round in circles, sometimes
dropping down till near the ground, and then ascending again, but
still sweeping round in circles. ‘They were Snipes, and hundreds
of them. After they had behaved as above for, perhaps, twenty
minutes or half an hour, detachments broke off from the main body
and went away, some detachments in one direction, and others
in other directions, until the whole had disappeared.” Then Mr.
M‘Elfrish adds, criticising MacGillivray’s and Gray’s statement, “‘ They
are never to be seen in flocks, ‘like dunlins,’ on the ooze or fords.
Occasionally in severe weather they may be seen about the shores,
but never in flocks.” The nearest approach to what Professor
MacGillivray describes, that I have seen, are the “wisps” of Snipe
which are familiar to most sportsmen, and these, I think, will be
found to take place either immediately after their arrival or before a
sharp climatic change.
12 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
It is always interesting, I consider, to record dates of the arrivals
of migrants at different localities during a series of years. Though
this has been done ever since the days of the earlier recorders, like
White of Selborne, less interest has attached to these details till
lately, simply owing to the fact that no means had been arrived at
in order to record such parallel observations as have been given us
by such men as Gatke in Heligoland, and observations made at
lighthouses in Britain and in Denmark and elsewhere. To the
sportsman, apart from the naturalist, the dates given as follows ought
to be of interest, both as regards Common Snipe and Jack Snipe.
Mr. Radclyffe Waters writes me: ‘‘Snipe are most undoubtedly
much reduced in numbers by the hard winter of 1894-95. The
keeper at Galston reported that he did not find many dead, as in the
case of Woodcock, Golden Plover, Gulls, etc.; but they seemed to
leave the country and never came back. In that season the total
bag was 236, the four previous years yielding 362 to 248. In the
following year and season it dropped to 73!”
It appears to be a well-recognised fact that Snipe in many parts
of the Outer Hebrides are often found in most unexpected places,
and none perhaps more strange than the very summits of the hills,
where they are frequently shot as they rise from perfectly dry
ground. The same observation has been made in many other
localities, but, I think, not so commonly as in these isles. In this
respect they seem rather to follow the example of the Woodcock,
which, as is well known, prefers a dry bed during the day to rest
upon.
JACKSNIPE (Gadlinago gallinula), p. 131.—Mr. M‘Elfrish writes
of this bird: ‘“‘A regular winter visitor every year. ‘The first Jacks
arrive in September. This year I saw one on September 29.
Some years they come in much greater numbers than others. I
have seen them so abundant that it would have been too great
labour to have carried enough cartridges to shoot at anything like
as many as one might in the day. ‘They get into queer places
sometimes. On January 29, 1900, I shot one on the top of Ben
Eaval on hard dry ground.”
The following are the dates of first arrivals in the north of
Lewis: November 6, 1890 ; September 29, 1891 ; October 4, 1892 ;
September 27, 1893; September 28, 1894; September 28, 1895 ;
October 2, 1896; September 20, 1897; September 21, 1898;
September 30, 1899; September 30, 1900; September 30, rgor.
For these I am indebted to Mr. Radclyffe Waters, who further says :
“They appear to come in small parties, a few being generally found
together. On October 7, 1898, out of 13 snipe killed, there were
9g Jacks. On October 2, 1899, one of the party, when fishing on
the ‘flats’ (or tidal part of the Gress river), caught a Jack Snipe
with his landing-net.”
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 13
PURPLE SANDPIPER (Zyinga maritima), p. 132.—Though we
have nothing new to relate about this species in the west, I wish
to draw attention to the statement in the latest edition of ‘‘ Harting’s
Handbook” regarding its occurrences in Mingulay, as observed
there by Feilden and myself. Harting says: ‘‘ They were not, how-
ever, in full summer plumage.” I think I am safe to say, even at
this remote period—lapse of time and loss of collections, etc.—that
if not in fw/7 summer plumage, at least they were very far advanced
towards that stage; and there could scarcely be any doubt regarding
the denuded state of the feathers of the breasts of two of them,
and the evident hatching spots displayed. I do not wish to insist
that they were breeding, but only to draw attention to our more
exact observations as originally given.
By the courtesy of my friend Mr. Thomas Southwell of Norwich,
I have received some notes taken in N. Uist and elsewhere by the
late Mr. Daniel Catlin Burlingham, of King’s Lynn,! in which occurs
the passage under date of June 12, 1848: “I found nest of the
bird supposed to be Purple Sandpiper, and heard its peculiar note
. no eggs in it.” But very slight importance can attach to this
note, as it appears from the context that the observations were made
at or near the level of Loch Scatavagh, N. Uist. I give it, however,
for what it is worth.
Knot (Zringa canutus), p. 133.—Curiously this species, so
abundant on our east coasts and on our mainland shores, is decidedly
scarce at the present time in the Outer Hebrides. Dr. M‘Rury
marks his “ first seen” on August 31, 1892, when he shot “two out
of a few”; and at the same place he again saw about one dozen on
January 26, 1893. In July 1899 Mr. W. L. MacGillivray shot one
in summer plumage. He adds to the record that he “never saw
one in summer since; but a small flock has appeared on a certain
sand at Eoligary every winter and spring for some years back.”
SANDERLING (Caldris arenaria), p. 134.—In addition to our
remarks in our previous account, I desire to add that Mr. W. L.
MacGillivray records having shot one in May 1897 on the sands
of Barra, and he adds: “ Regular visitors in winter and spring. I
never saw them here later than May.”
Rurr (Machetes pugnax), p. 254.—One, Benbecula, by Dr.
M‘Rury, August 18, 1888 (‘“ Fauna of the Outer Hebrides,” Appendix
D, p. 254); a second in Lewis (““Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” vol. ii.
p. 46); and a third seen by Dr. M‘Rury in Benbecula on October
9, 1892.
To the records of Ruffs and Reeves found in our ‘“‘ Appendix to
Fauna of the Outer Hebrides,” p. 254, Mr. Radclyffe Waters adds as
1 See Obituary Notice in ‘‘ Transactions ” of Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’
Society for 1891-92.
14 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
follows: ‘One shot on September 6, 1892 ; a Reeve on September
6, 1893; and a third, a Reeve, on September 8, 1894; and, as far
as I know,” he continues, “‘the birds were alone in each instance.
Probably few select a route so far to the westward.”
GREEN SANDPIPER (Zofanus ochropus), p. 135.—This is an
addition to the fauna of the area. Mr. Macculloch, taxidermist,
Glasgow, received one from S. Uist to be preserved, as I am informed
by Dr. M‘Rury, zz 4&2, October 31, 1901. The specimen was
exhibited at a meeting of the Glasgow Nat. Hist. Soc. by Mr.
Macculloch.
GREENSHANK (Zofanus canescens), p. 135.—All subsequent obser-
vations carry out our previous remarks. Mr. M‘Elfrish, for instance,
writes that: “‘I do not suppose I have seen a score in the past 15
years. I have, however, seen a few at different times both in N.
Uist and Benbecula. I never saw two together, and only remember
having seen one during the breeding season. ‘That was in Ben-
becula.” Mr. C. V. A. Peel has seen small family parties of from
3 to 6 together occasionally (zz Z¢.), but nobody has seen “ flocks,”
as have been often described.1
BLACK-TAILED GoDWIT (Limosa egocephala), p. r36.—This is an
addition to the fauna of the Outer Hebrides.
Dr. M‘Rury writes me that he “believes” that a good specimen
of the Black-tailed Godwit was shot in South Uist a year or two ago,
but this may well be the same specimen which, as reported to me
by Mr. C. V. A. Peel, that gentleman shot in Benbecula—“ the first
I have noticed in the Outer Hebrides.”
Subsequent information, however, tells me that the above are
different specimens. ‘The one shot in South Uist is in the collec-
tion of Sir Reginald Cathcart at Grogary, as I am informed by Mr.
M‘Elfrish.
Bar-TAILED Gopwir (LZ. dapponica), p. 136.—Mr. MacGillivray
writes: “I shot one out of a flock of about fifteen in July 1896.
They were not in summer plumage, and must have been young
birds, as they remained here all through the summer. I saw a
small flock remain last year also” ; and these facts are verified by
Mr. M‘Elfrish’s notes.
1 There is an error—indeed, a double blunder—in ‘‘The Vertebrate Fauna
of the Outer Hebrides,” at p. 136, under Greenshank. We say—misquoting
Professor MacGillivray—that he speaks of ‘‘astonishing numbers of Greenshanks.”’
But we had misread and misquoted. What he ad say was that ‘‘ Many
individuals remain during the summer, when they are found by the lakes in the
interior, of which the number in Uist, Harris, and Lewis is astonishing.”
And we also gave the date of his first writing as 1852, which is the correct
date of his vol. iv. of his ‘‘ British Birds ” (/oc. cz#. p. 322). But the first printing
of the passage was an original contribution to Audubon’s ‘‘ American Ornitho-
logical Bibliography,” vol. iii, p. 483, which gives the earlier date of 1835.
I have to thank Mr. Wm. Evans for the above corrections.
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 15
WHIMBREL (Vumenius pheopus), p. 136.—A single bird of this
species stayed right on from the summer of 1889, continuously
through the seasons to 1893 (Dr. M‘Rury, ‘Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.”
vol. ii. p. 116). This must surely have been a wounded bird,
although Dr. M‘Rury seemed to be of the opinion that it was not.
We have seen that the Whimbrel migrates to the west of the
Outer Hebrides ; also passes Rockall on migration north in June ;
and so it is not extraordinary to have it added to the list of birds
seen on St. Kilda by Mr. Norman Heathcote (“St. Kilda,” by
Norman Heathcote, 1900).
Speaking again of their general routes of migration along the
coasts of Scotland, I wish to say that there are several crossing-
places from east to west in both spring and autumn, such as by the
Spey valley, to a modified extent; and regular and distinct from
Forth to Clyde in autumn by more than one route. ‘Thus on the
west side of Loch Lomond they are often seen and shot during
grouse-driving in the early season (August 12 to 20, etc.), and many
are seen on Clyde passing west at or near the point of Strone, which
is a direct continuation of their flight across, between Loch Lomond
and the Clyde at Helensburgh. There is little doubt also that a
few Whimbrels pass in spring up the west valley of the Pattock, and
so to Spey, as well as use that depression in autumn.
Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis), p. 141.—While this bird has
not been absolutely discarded from the “ Fauna of Outer Hebrides,”
and indeed was fully admitted in the Appendix D, p. 225, even then
we were very chary of adding it to the species found breeding,
notwithstanding Dr. M‘Rury’s evidence.
Since then there is the announced fact of this species nesting in
the island rock of Hysgeir, off Canna, by Mr. Howard Saunders.
Hysgeir is not one of the Outer Hebrides, but is so approximate to
them that it is reasonable to suppose that an extension might take
place at any time; and so in 1go1r we find a note from Dr. M‘Rury
to the effect that the Common Tern was identified by him at last
during the spring and summer of 1900 (“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.”
1900, p. 143). We have before said that we believe the Common
Tern to be an advancing species, and there has occurred some
evidence to prove that it is so.!
Arctic TERN (Sterna arctica), p. 139.—I do not find much to
add to the history of this species in the Outer Hebrides, unless to
make the remark that it would almost appear to be becoming a
dwindling quantity, though the process may not seem to be a rapid
one. The Common Tern, on the other hand, appears to afford
evidence that it is the “coming race” in the struggle for existence.
1 Tt seems of sufficient interest to note the first authentic record of the nesting
of the Common Tern (in 1901) on one of the islands on the west coast of Shetland
(‘* Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” for April 1902).
16 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
At all events, it may well be worthy of attention on the part of
future observers to note carefully the actual facts which year after
year present themselves in connection with the respective distribu-
tion of these two closely-allied species. Even their present actual
comparative distributions are not thoroughly wrought out.
LessER TERN (Sterna minuta), p. 143.—The Lesser Tern is
now known to have bred certainly in the Outer Hebrides since
1885 or 1886, or for the last 16 or 17 years, and it is now far from
uncommon. My informant (who wisely desires that his name be
not given, for obvious reasons, and gives no encouragement to
collectors, of whom he says “ there are already far too many ”) tells
me that ‘‘it is a positive fact that the Lesser Terns breed here in
two colonies, their numbers having greatly increased during the last
few years, and especially in 1899 and 1g00. ‘They arrive about
the end of May.” In 1900 I obtained two eggs from this Outer
Hebridean locality in order to put the record beyond cavil. Further-
more, I have to add that in the ‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” for October
Igo2 it is recorded that the species nested in Barra for the first
time on record. “From 5 to 6 pairs nested.”
Ivory GuLL (Pagophila eburnea), p. 144.—This is added to the
“Fauna of the Outer Hebrides” by Buckley, who sent me notice
of one—a male—sent to Mr. M‘Leay of Inverness by Duncan
Mackenzie of the Royal Hotel, Stornoway, in January 1890, and
seen by Buckley in M‘Leay’s shop.
IcELAND GULL (Larus leucopterus), p. 148.—This species may
almost be considered a regular winter visitor to the Outer Hebrides,
though not in great numbers. Mr. Mackenzie continues to find
them frequently about Stornoway (“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1892,
pa 240 5) Apmil,- 18.90; ete):
They are seen also at Barra, but not perhaps so frequently as at
Stornoway (oc. cet. 1894, p. 113).
Thus one was shot at Stornoway by Mr. Mackenzie, and was
sent to Mr. M‘Leay, Inverness, which was procured about the end
of August 1897. There are several other records in the Migration
Reports. Mr. Mackenzie also killed one in adult plumage about two
years ago—say 1899—which had remained all the winter and spring
and the following summer. It was shot in September.
Mr. W. L. MacGillivray also meets with it in Barra. He shot
one immature bird in February 1897 ; he found one—an adult—in
a rabbit trap on January 18, 1902. He writes me “that it is
the first he has ever met with in adult plumage in Barra,” and adds:
‘and more’s the pity that it was not found fresh and in good stuffing
condition.” Another was sent me by Mr. D. Mackenzie from
Stornoway in 1902; while I also have the general statements that
Iceland (and Glaucous) Gulls have appeared more abundantly
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 17
throughout the group during the past winter than was known before,
2.€. IQOI-02.
Giaucous GULL (Larus glaucus), p. 148.—Mr. Mackenzie of
Stornoway tells me that “‘a very good specimen of the Glaucous Gull
was shot by the keeper on the Gress shootings, and is now in his
(Mr. Mackenzie’s) possession. It was got on the shore of Broadbay
three years ago—7ze., say, 1897 or 1898.
Mr. W. L. MacGillivray shot one in mature plumage in March
1898, and another in immature dress in March 1tg00. A few
young birds are seen in the Barra seas every winter and spring, and
this is verified by Mr. M‘Elfrish’s notes for North Uist.
POMATORHINE Skua (Lestris pomatorhinus), p. 151.—One is
recorded by MacGillivray as shot by him in Barra in October 1895.1
Burron’s Skua (Lestris parasiticus).—There is one specimen of
the Long-tailed Skua in the possession of Dr. Mackenzie, North
Uist, which was caught alive at Scolpig, in that island, as I am
informed by Mr. W. L. MacGillivray. And Dr. M‘Rury records
the first instance known to him of one on Barra on May 12, 1896
(Ann: Scot Nat. Hist.” 1897, p. 150).
GreAT Sxkua (Lesétris catarractes), p. 151.—Added to Birds of
Outer Hebrides. Buckley records one seen by him in M‘Leay’s in
Inverness on January 8, 1894, which had been shot at Abhuinnsuidh
(or Fin Castle) in North Harris. This is a first recorded occurrence
in the Outer Hebrides. The line of migration towards their
breeding grounds in Shetland and Faroe is probably further to the
westward and over sea, as, on the occasion of a visit to Rockall in
1896, some evidence of this was found.
Another is recorded by Dr. M‘Rury on the authority of Miss
Edgar, daughter of the lightkeeper at Barra Head, in the summer
of 1893.
FORK-TAILED PETREL (P. /ewcorrhoa), p. 154.—Barrington tells
me (zz &¢. December 4, 1893) that the Fork-tailed Petrels on
Borrera, St. Kilda, nest in the ‘‘cleets” or little turf houses of the
natives, among the sods of dry turf.
Mr. Mackenzie told Mr. J. Young, on the occasion of the latter
gentleman’s visit to Dunvegan, Skye, that hundreds (szc) of Fork-
tailed Petrels’ eggs were sold every year at St. Kilda.
1 In ‘“* Harting’s Handbook” (ed. 2, p. 308) Buckley and I are quoted as
stating that this species ‘‘ has been noticed in some numbers every summer in the
Hebrides” (‘‘ Fauna of Sutherland and Caithness,” p. 235), but the correct
quotation is as follows: ‘* These birds appear to frequent the oceaz and seas of the
Outer Hebrides in some numbers every summer of late years.” The line of their
migration towards the north appears to be further west than the shores of the
Outer Hebrides. The misquotation would almost make it appear that the species
was recorded by Buckley and myself as a bird westeng every summer in the Outer
Flebrides.
45 c
18 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Mr. Mackenzie writes me, with regard to the number of eggs
taken: “It is difficult to arrive at anything like an exact figure. Iam
the very last person to whom the natives would give the information,
as they are aware of my strong objections to their touching the eggs
of any of the birds that do not form an article of food. ‘There are
fourteen men on the island, and I think a fair average per man
would be one dozen each.”
Mr. C. V. A. Peel appears to have the impression that Fork-
tailed Petrels breed somewhere among the islands of the southern
group of the Outer Hebrides, but I have never been able to
establish the fact. Mr. Peel’s notes may have been from his own
observation, or what appears probable, quoting old records, since
found inaccurate (see ‘“‘ Fauna of Outer Hebrides,” p. 154).
I have not been able to ascertain either that the Outer Hebrides
participate to any appreciable extent in the “storm-driven rushes,”
so to speak, of this bird, which occurred from Tiree and Skye
eastward in the end of September 1891, as recorded by Mr. Evans
(“Ann: Scot. Nat: Hist.” 1891, pp. 74-75). Indeed, 1 have very
few instances to give of occurrences at all anywhere in the Outer
Hebrides, except on the few places known to provide them with
breeding haunts.
One, however, is recorded from Barra, which was found dead on
September 28, 1897 (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1897, p. 151), and
Mr. Peel speaks of ‘‘ seeing them often flying between Barra and an
island just to the north of it.” On the other hand, Mr. W.
MacGillivray writes me that he has only seen the one above stated
in the flesh, ‘‘and it was found dead by our cattle-herd, quite fresh,
but without its head, and as if killed by a hawk”; and he adds: “I
have never known them to breed in the southern isles of Barra.”
FULMAR PETREL (/idmarus glactalis)—I1 do not know upon
whose authority Gray speaks of the Fulmar as having once bred
upon any of the South Isles of Barra, and that previous to 1844,
and I observe that we took no note of the remark in the “ Fauna
of the Outer Hebrides.” This was not a lapsus on our part, but simply,
I think, at that time we could not find a scrap of confirmation.
What we should have done was to have quoted Gray’s statement,
and placed it in square brackets—a system we have always
advocated in order to save later compilers useless trouble. But this
question is again taken up, and Gray is again quoted by Dr. M‘Rury
(“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1898, p. 77). Therefore we must now
notice it.
We know nothing more about it now than we did then, and
cannot allow it to stand without more perfect statistics than perhaps
can now be obtained. I shall be very glad, however, if any one
having access to the correspondence and literary remains of the late
Mr. R. Gray can throw any light upon the statement. In all the
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 19
many letters I have from my old friend I can find no reference to
the fact.
It is, however, undoubted that the Fulmar has increased greatly
in numbers in St. Kilda, and has spread out to other localities. Mr.
Mackenzie tells me: ‘ My observations lead me to the conclusion
that the numbers of nesting birds round the whole group are con-
siderably on the increase, and so also are the Gannets; and the
Puffins simply swarm and overrun the place, especially on Soay and
Borreray.”
We now have it reported as occurring in the Flannan Isles, by
Mr. Herbert Langton, who found two eggs.
MANX SHEARWATER (/ujffinus anglorum), p. 155.—I have now
to somewhat modify the remarks made regarding the appearances
of this species west of the Outer Hebrides. Whereas in our vol.
we spoke of them as being seen west of The Lews, etc., “always
single birds, or at most in pairs,” Mr. Henry Evans—whose know-
ledge of the St. Kilda group of islands is facile princeps—writes me
that on one occasion, when in his yacht in the neighbourhood of
St. Kilda, he witnessed at least 1500 ‘‘sunning themselves on the
calm sea” (77 fit. August 25, 1899).
Of the vast numbers to be seen around the oceanic rock some
157 miles west of St. Kilda, named Rockall, see the Report to the
Royal Irish Academy.
There is excellent evidence afforded us of at least one additional
colony in the Outer Hebrides, besides those previously mentioned.
It is not the first time we heard of it; but, for those “ obvious
reasons,” and from the small number of the birds breeding there—
some twenty pairs only—I prefer to retain the details concerning
this colony.
RazorBiLL (Alea forda), p. 157.—A pied example has been
recorded from St. Kilda by the late Rev. H. A. Macpherson (“ Scot-
tish Naturalist,” 1887-88, p. 238, and “ Zoologist,” May 1887).
PurFin (Fratercula arctica), p. 165.—A pied example has been
recorded from St. Kilda by the late Rev. H. A. Macpherson in the
“Zoologist,’” May 1887. I may mention that pied or albino or
brown-plumaged Puffins and Razorbills and Guillemots are not
commonly met with. Perhaps more of these varieties are obtained
in the Faroe Isles than elsewhere.
Puffins travelled south in countless numbers, and this was wit-
nessed at Eilean Ghlais during three days—from August 1, 1894,
from 8 p.M. on ist (“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1894, p. 224).
GREAT SHEARWATER (Pidfinus gravis), p. 156.—Since our short
paragraph on this bird, which appeared in the ‘“‘ Fauna of the Outer
Hebrides,” much knowledge has accrued of its distribution within the
20 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
areas of our seas, but the locality or localities of its breeding haunts
remain as great a mystery as heretofore. I scarcely think it neces-
sary to epitomise the later items of information, as the details are
so recent in the memory of ornithologists.
Since the “ Fauna of the Outer Hebrides” was issued, in which
at most half a dozen instances—and some doubtful—were given,
little more was known of interest till June 1890. And this was
the case, although Mr. Henry Evans had had almost annual oppor-
tunities to have met with and recognised them in the many cruises
he had in his yacht among the islands. In 1894, however, many
were seen, first off the Butt of Lewis. On this occasion all were in
pairs. Prof. Newton and Mr. Henry Evans witnessed the facts.
‘““Some thirty or forty pairs” was the estimate of the numbers seen.
These observations continued until the ship approached North Rona,
‘“‘after which we saw no more of them,” says Prof. Newton (‘‘ Annals
Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1900, p. 143), ze. to the northward or anywhere
else during that trip. But, as will be seen, Mr. Hugh Popham saw
more farther to the northward that same year. Again, in June 1895,
Prof. Newton met with many Great Shearwaters between Barra Head
and St. Kilda. Again they were in pairs, and behaved ‘exactly as
they did on the former occasion.” At the same time the men of
St. Kilda were not at all familiar with the bird, although some of
them knew it as a rare visitor previous to this season—or those
seasons of 1894-95; but succeeded in obtaining several specimens
for Mr. Evans in 1897. When in Mr. Evans’ yacht again in July,
off Lewis and North Rona, and that on the anniversary of the day
when so many were seen there in 1894, ‘‘not a Great Shearwater
showed itself.”
I now refer to a visit paid in 1896 to that extraordinary rock
out in the Atlantic, viz. Rockall, which was visited by the expedition
supported by the Royal Irish Academy, and of which a full account
will be found in the Transactions of that Society (vol. xxxi. part ul.
pp. 66-78, and plates ix. x. and xi). In the Ornithological Report
a very full account of this singular bird is given, bringing up to the
date a fair amount of our knowledge regarding its distribution in the
North Atlantic. On that occasion Great Shearwaters were found in
great numbers, and 7x /arge flocks all around and about the Rock on
both occasions on which it was visited in June 1896.
A Great Shearwater was found dead on the west shore of Eoli-
gary, Barra, in July 1899, and it is preserved in Mr. MacGillivray’s
collection. He had never seen one there before.
Brack GuILLemor (Uria grylle), p. 164.—For an account of
an individual of this species in breeding plumage in winter in
Barra, see “Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist,” 1893, p. 118. The question
is not yet settled, I think, about the old birds retaining the summer
plumage all winter, and only the young birds being grey in their
ON THE AVIFAUNA OF THE OUTER HEBRIDES 21
first winter. Elsewhere Buckley and I have mentioned that birds
were found breeding in a mottled stage of plumage (“Fauna of
Sutherland,” etc.). It seems most likely that these phases of
plumage have more to do with the ages of individuals than with
the seasons.
Litre Auk (MJergulus alle), p. 164.—This species seems to
be rare in the Outer Hebrides, especially on the west side, so
occurrences are worth giving. For an account of one in mid-
summer—June 24, 1893—captured at Monach Island, in plumage
like that of winter, and with abnormal growth upon the skull, see
“Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1894, p. 55. One was found dead on
the west shore of Eoligary, Barra, in March 1894, and another
caught alive in a turnip-field in December 1897. Mr. MacGillivray
has not seen any since then.
BLACK-THROATED DIVER (Colymbus arcticus), p. 167.—Of this
species Mr. M‘Elfrish writes: “It has increased somewhat in
N. Uist in the past few years, probably since the objectionable
practice of lifting and selling the eggs has been stopped.”
LITTLE GREBE (Podiceps fluviatilis), p. 168.—Although Mac-
Gillivray (“‘ Brit. Birds,” vol. v. p. 279, g.v.) doubted its occurrence
in the Outer Hebrides in winter, Dr. C. Gordon has a note:
““T have seen several of these birds on a small loch in S. Uist
during winter”; but on the other hand he has no remarks about
the Sclavonian Grebe.
SCLAVONIAN GREBE (P. auritus), p. 168.—There remained
considerable uncertainty as to the nesting of this bird anywhere
in Scotland at the time of the issue of our volume on “ Fauna of
the Outer Hebrides.” Nor indeed can it be said that much more
evidence is forthcoming yet. But the following notes from Dr.
M‘Rury may be worth insertion here. Under date of September
30, 1893, he says: ‘“‘When recently on a visit to Benbecula,
I noticed on a little loch a large grebe with a half-grown young
one following it. I was at once struck by its size and also with
the colour of its head and neck, which were dead chestnut. I had
no glasses with me, but it was within twenty yards of me, and I
could not bring myself to believe it was the little grebe which is
very abundant in the island. But if it was the Sclavonian—a
specimen of which I once shot in Benbecula—I could not see
any appearance of long feathers on the head; but I think it was
quite as large as the Sclavonian. ‘The date was September 3,
and I thought it rather late for the young to be so small.
In a day or two after that I saw another on another loch
in Benbecula, and this one had three or four young ones accom-
panying it, apparently not more than a week old. Had I been
acquainted with the shooting-tenant, I would have called upon
22 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
him, or written to him about them, Lut as I only had a few days
in the island, I didn’t. I give the above for what it is worth.”
Dr. M‘Rury evidently did not regard it as at all a certainty; but
when his usual accuracy and care are taken into consideration,
as well as his great experience of his subject, I feel that I may
be permitted to chronicle the account, though the actual proof of
its having nested is. still wanting. MacGillivray supplements the
above with the record of one shot in Barra in April 1898, in full
summer plumage, ‘‘and another I shot the same day is in the
Edinburgh Museum.”
ON > THE: -OCCURRENCE LOEWE VELOSCOLUS
VIRTDANG SS) BUYTH, Beer | OE ON=
TERES TING (BI DS VAte SCOL TSE iG rel-
SLARIONS:
By Wm. EaGLE CLARKE.
IN connection with the inquiry into the annual migratory
movements of birds in Scotland, which is being carried out
by Mr. Harvie-Brown, Mr. Laidlaw, and myself, I have
received for identification during the year just passed some
interesting specimens which are, perhaps, deserving of special
record.
GREENISH WILLOW WARBLER (Phylloscopus viri-
danus)—A fine adult male example was killed at the
lantern of the Sule Skerry Lighthouse on the night of the
5th September, and was forwarded to me in the flesh by Mr.
James Tomison, the keeper. A Garden Warbler (Sylvia
hortensis) was captured at the same time. Sule Skerry is a
rocky islet lying some forty miles west of Hoy, Orkney, and
nearly the same distance N.E. of Cape Wrath.
This eastern species has only once previously been
known to occur in.the British Isles, a female specimen having
been obtained on the 5th September 1896 by Mr. Caton
Haigh on the N.E. coast of Lincolnshire. It is also the
fifth recorded occurrence of the bird in Western Europe, it
having been captured on three occasions in Heligoland—
once in the autumn and twice in the spring migration.
The Scottish specimen is an unusually fine example, the
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PAVZLOSCOPUS VIRTDANUS 23
wing measuring 2°6 inches, and is in brilliant plumage,
having just completed the moult. In it the third primary
is the longest, the fourth being next, while the second is
intermediate between the sixth and seventh—a feature de-
scribed as rare in the “Catalogue of Birds” (British Museum),
vol. v. p. 45, where that quill is said to be usually intermediate
between the seventh and eighth. The figure of this species
in Lord Lilford’s “ Coloured Illustrations ” is not satisfactory :
the tarsus as there represented is much too short, the bill is
neither long enough nor sufficiently robust, and in colour
the under surface is too yellow and lacks the greyish tint
which is somewhat conspicuous on the flanks. The figure
in the Supplement to Mr. Dresser’s “ Birds of Europe” (Plate
Ghia rig. i) sea little better in these respects) but the
lower parts are too much washed with green. As compared
with other British members of the genus, vzrzdanus may be
described as being stout-billed, long-legged, and short-toed.
In other respects it is a decidedly green Willow Warbler,
with a pale bar across the wing, a conspicuous superciliary
stripe, and the under surface greyish white delicately washed
with sulphur-yellow.
This species has only been recognised as a regular
member of the European avifauna during recent years,
having formerly been recorded under the name of P.
plumbettarsus, an allied species now proved to be Asiatic
and not European. The Greenish Willow Warbler is a
summer visitor to Russia, where it occurs as far to the
north-west as the Government of Olonetz, and eastwards to
the Urals and the northern shores of the Caspian. In Asia
it is found during the nesting season in the Altai, Turkestan,
Kashmir, and probably throughout the higher Himalayas ;
and in winter it is widely distributed in India and is found
in Ceylon. Its eggs are, I believe, unknown.
It is perhaps not quite so rare a bird in the spring and
autumn in Western Europe as it is at present supposed to
be. It is much liable to be overlooked from its general
resemblance to the Common Willow Warbler, and it says
much for Mr. Tomison’s perspicacity that he recognised his
capture as something new to him. The fact that it has
twice occurred in spring in Heligoland indicates a return
24 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
movement on the lines of the autumn emigration, and would
also seem to imply that the bird is of more frequent
occurrence.
The whole of the circumstances surrounding the occur-
rence of this little bird on that remote Orcadian rock brings
prominently to our notice how little we really know of what
is passing along our shores during the periods of migration ;
how much may, and does, yearly escape our attention ; and
also the extent to which the little knowledge we possess
comes to us by the merest chance.
The specimen is now in the British Collection in the
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.
LESSER WHITETHROAT (Sylvza curruca).—A fine adult
male was killed at the lantern of the Sule Skerry Light-
house on the night of the 17th of September last, and was
forwarded to me in the flesh. This species undoubtedly
occurs annually on the Scottish coasts as a transient
migrant, especially on the eastern seaboard, when _pro-
ceeding to and fro between its Scandinavian summer haunts
and its African winter retreats. It seems, however, to escape
detection in quite a remarkable manner during these migra-
tions, and Mr. Tomison’s capture is a welcome as well as an
interesting addition to our scanty knowledge on the subject.
Although, there can be little doubt, it is a bird of double
passage, yet all our information refers to its occurrence on
the autumn journey, during which it has been recorded
for Shetland on four occasions (Saxby), North Ronaldshay
twice (Allan Briggs), once Barra (MacGillivray), once for
Aberdeenshire (Sim), and twice at Berwick (Bolam) ; while
one seen by Dr. Hamilton in West Inverness-shire, on the
10th of August 1880, was either a transient visitor or an
emigrant summer bird. It is a local summer visitor to the
Solway area, and there are one or two reliable records of
its having nested elsewhere in Scotland.
BLACK-TAILED GODWIT (Lzmosa belgica).—A wing and
leg of an adult male of this somewhat rare bird of passage
on the east coast of Scotland was forwarded to me from the
Isle of May, where it had been obtained on or about the
30th of May last.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PAHYLLOSCOPUS VIRIDANUS 25
Regarding the occurrence of this migrant in the Forth
area, my friend Mr. Wm. Evans has kindly furnished me
with the following interesting information :—
“ There is good reason for supposing that the Black-tailed
Godwit is a fairly regular visitant, on migration, to the east
coast of Scotland; but the number passing at any time
must be very small, which no doubt accounts in great
measure for its visits being so seldom detected, especially in
spring when the birds naturally tarry little on their way
north.
“ The following are the only records of the capture of the
species in the ‘Forth’ area of which I have any note.
They are all, it will be seen, connected with the autumn
migration, with the possible exception of the Berwickshire
specimen. The occurrence of an example at the Isle of
May in May last is, therefore, of special interest :—
One obtained in Tyne Estuary, East Lothian, ‘some winters
ago.’—John Nelson, in MS. list, dated 1851.
One shot at Dowlaw, near Fast Castle, about 1864.—Muir-
head’s ‘ Birds of Berwickshire, 1i. 257.
One procured on the shore near Leith, early in November
1867, and exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Physical
Society on 27th November 1867 (per Minutes).
Two shot at the Black Rocks, Leith, were taken to Small
& Son, George Street, Edinburgh, to be stuffed, on
7th November 1869 (per entry in Small’s books).
[Two or three seen on coast near Grangemouth, in autumn of
1870, by Mr. Harvie-Brown (per his MS. notes on
the Birds of Stirlingshire). |
“A few specimens of more recent date, shot—both in
spring and autumn—in other parts of the east coast of
Scotland, have come under my notice.”
SooTY SHEARWATER (Puffinus griseus)—A female
specimen was captured in Stromness harbour on the 16th
of October and forwarded to me by Mr. James Tomison,
who had correctly identified it.
This Shearwater appears to be of extremely rare
occurrence in the Scottish seas; and there are very few
26 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
records indeed of its visits, all of which, so far as we know
of them, appear to have been confined to the south-eastern
section of the coast. It is a new bird to the fauna of the
Orkneys; and though it has not been detected in the
Shetlands, has occurred in the Feroes.
THE: SOOTY SHEARWATER, PULFINTGS GRISEUS
(GMEL.)) IN THE FIRTH AOF FORTH:
By Wittiam Evans, F.R.S.E.
THE following notes on Puffinus griseus in the “ Forth”
area, drawn up three or four years ago, may be of interest
to readers of the “ Annals” at the present time, when atten-
tion is being directed to the bird by Mr. Eagle Clarke’s
record (azte, p. 25) of a specimen recently received from
the Orkney Islands. I have added a paragraph bringing
the information down to date.
Status in the Area—A fairly regular, though usually
far from common autumn visitant to the seaward portion of
the Firth of Forth.
Although only two instances are on record of the capture
of the Sooty Shearwater within the limits of this area, I
am, nevertheless, strongly disposed, as the result of personal
observation and inquiry, to consider it a regular, or all but
regular autumn visitant, in small numbers, to the outer
portion of the Firth of Forth and the adjacent sea. Five-
and-twenty years ago it was observed more than once by
the late Robert Gray in the vicinity of the Bass; and since
then I have myself, on several occasions, when sailing in the
outer waters of the Firth, had the satisfaction of seeing a
few unmistakable examples skimming over the waves or
temporarily resting on their surface. Further, the Kellys
and other fishermen at North Berwick, who know the bird
well, tell me that scarcely a year passes without some of
these big dark-coloured, or “ King ” Shearwaters, as they are
locally called, making their appearance about the fishing-
grounds between the coasts of East Lothian and Fife.
PUFFINUS GRISEUS IN THE FIRTH OF FORTH 27
They are stated to be shyer than their smaller and much
commoner white-breasted relatives, the Manx Shearwaters,
in whose company, however, they sometimes approach the
boats when the men are baiting the lines. The period
within which they may be looked for ranges from the latter
part of August to the end of October. Asa rule they are
seen singly or in pairs, but occasionally as many as half a
dozen or more have been observed together.
The first recorded specimen—a male—was shot off
North Berwick by Mr. Robert Chambers on 27th August
1878: when first seen, the bird “was resting upon a piece
of wreckage, and appeared to be comparatively tame,
allowing the boat to make a near approach ” (cf. “Zoologist,”
Meo. Pp. eajOM., roc. KR: “Phys. ‘Soc? wp. $34ee"Rroc:
Berw. Nat. Cl.” viii. p. 502; and Yarrell’s “ Brit. Birds,” ed.
4, iv. p. 18). The second—a female—was shot in the same
locality by R. Kelly, fisherman, on 25th October 1879, and
was acquired by the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art,
Where it tise stillipreserved: (7 “ Proc. R. Phys: Soc2 vw
p. 376, and “ Zoologist,” 1880, p. 69). These two specimens,
both of which | have seen, were at the time they were
obtained regarded as young Great Shearwaters, and were
recorded as such, the specific distinctness of the two forms
not having then become generally known. But previous to
these occurrences—namely, in September 1875 and again in
September 1876—Robert Gray had observed several in the
Firth between North Berwick and the Bass Rock: they
“were at once recognised ’—so he subsequently wrote, under
P. griseus, in one of his note-books—‘ by their uniform
sooty plumage.” It was evidently to these observations
that he referred in his note on the “Greater Shearwater,”
printed in the “ Proceedings” of the Berwickshire Naturalists’
Field Club for 1878 (vol. viii. p. 502).
In August 1887, Sooty Shearwaters seem to have visited
our shores in greater numbers than usual. On the 27th of
that month I was fortunate enough to see, at close quarters,
first four and then two of these ocean birds, from the deck
of the steamer Zantallon Castle, when about midway be-
tween North Berwick and Elie. The last pair, when first
noticed, were sitting on the water directly ahead of us, and
28 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
did not take wing till we were close upon them. A few
days later I examined a specimen in Durham which had
been killed off the coast of Northumberland on the 22nd of
August. During the same autumn several were shot: by
North Berwick fishermen at the mouth of the Firth of Forth,
but unfortunately they were not preserved ; their wings were
cut off and sent, along with those of several hundred Kitti-
wakes, etc., to a man in Bristol to be prepared as “ feathers ”
for ladies’ hats.
In 1897 one was observed just inside the Bass on
25th August, and another was reported to have been seen
about the same date on the “Kingston bank,” some two
miles N.N.W. of Fidra Island.
In 1901 only a very few, I am told, were seen. As
regards the present year (1902), however, the North Berwick
fishermen say they never noticed more. From about the
end of August till far on in October they were seldom off
at the fishing without seeing one or two, and once about a
dozen, I am assured, were in sight at the same time. Manx
Shearwaters were also present in more than their usual
numbers — “as thick as Marrots” (Guillemots), were the
expressive words of one of my informants.
Where do these Sooty Shearwaters come from ? is one of
the most interesting of the many ornithological problems
yet to be solved. The only known breeding-places of the
species are, it would seem, in the New Zealand group of
islands ; but it can hardly be supposed that the birds which
annually visit the British seas come from a home quite so
distant as that. Their nursery is much more likely to be
somewhere within the Atlantic area; but as to whether it is
on this side of the equator or to the south of it, as may well
be the case, we are at present entirely in the dark.
ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT FAUNA OF CLOVA MOUNTAINS 29
NOTES, ON THE ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT
FAUNA OF THE CLOVA MOUNTAINS.
By Jss@. Wituis, M:A:} andiiLe Ho. Burgin, (M.A:
NOTE J.—On THE ABSOLUTE NUMBER OF INSECTS VISITING.
DATES OF OBSERVATION.
1894. July 5-9 (J.C. W. and I.H.B.).—Weather unsettled.
1895. April 1-17 (J.C.W.).—Snow at first covering all down to 1000 feet,
gradually retreating up the hills; nights frosty.
June 14-July 8 (I.H.B.).—Fine to unsettled.
July 5-23 (J.C. W.).—Wet weather.
September 13-24 (I. H.B.).—Fine weather.
1896. May 21-23 (J.C. W.).—Unsettled ; season early.
June 16-July 11 (I1.H.B.); July 4-11 (J.C.W.).—Fine to unsettled.
1897. May 18-27 (I.H.B.).—Very fine ; season late.
1898. May 7-16 (I.H.B.).—Cold with frequent snow showers ; season late.
1899. June 10-19 (I.H.B.).—Fine and warm.
July 24-26 (J.C. W.).—Dull.
On all but the first two of the visits to Clova’ which we made
in order to study flower fertilisation, we kept record of the exact
number of individual insects seen to visit ; and from our records we
here give statistics regarding their seasonal and altitudinal distribu-
tion. It must be clearly understood at the outset that insects
which are not attracted to flowers for some purpose or other did
not come under observation in any way.
The total number of individual visitors recorded by us is 17, 306 ;
they were distributed among the classes of insects in the way given
in the following table, sane also their usefulness to the flowers is
denoted by ie conspicuoustiess of the type used :—
HYMENOPTERA.
APIS ‘ : : : 5 5 430
BOMBUS and PSITHY RUS : : . : ‘ 937
ANDRENA (66), HaLicrTus (1), and NoMADA (1) . : 68
ODYNERUS (5) and CHRYSIS (I) , 5 : : ; 6
Vespa : : : : 3 45
Formicide and Myr pie de (Ants) : ‘ : F 202
Tenthredinide (Sawflies) . 5 : 201
Entomophaga with Cynipide PEE Aur Rea) , 5 461
LEPIDOPTERA.
RHOPALOCERA . : ‘ : : 192
NOCTUID/& and GEOMETRID. A. : : ‘ 204.
BoMBYCES and MICROLEPIDOPTERA generally : c 64
Eriocephala ; 0 c : : : : : IOI
TS CicoMransaee dinbe bot SOC. aexxdl LOO pa LOO:
30 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
DIPTERA.
SYRPHID& : j : , : ME
EMPIs (411) and Pacny MERIA (16) ; : : E 427
Other Empide . F ; : 129
Muscidz, Tachinidee, and Sarcophagide ; : L,OS3
Other Diptera . : : om LONZ21
Coleoptera ‘ : é : : : ; 6 Nagtirl
Other Insects. : ; , ‘ : ‘ : 409
Total : : ‘ = 75300
They were distributed in season as follows :—
TABLE II.
Spring Summer Autumn
(23 days). (88 days). (12 days). Total.
Apis . 3 5 ase) 266 4 430
Bombus and Psithy rus Nee 362 303 937
Andrena and Nomada 2 65 I 68
Chrysis and Odynerus fo) 6 fe) 6
Tenthredinidz (Sawflies) 5 196 fe) 201
Entomophaga (Ichneumons) 13 207 151 461
Ants . : 3 ing) 26 202
Wasps 2 41 "2 45
Lepidoptera, long- -tongued . 23 304 69 396
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued . I 54 9 64
Lepidoptera, short-tongued fe) IOI fo) IOI
Syrphidz and Empis . 158 732 7 Ke aan O°)
Other Flies : B55 LA 03002, 15057) eidenae
Coleoptera . 33 835 446 1,314
Other Insects 13 287 109 409
and they were distributed in elevation as shown in Table III.
TABIER, Ti:
High Crag Third Second
Moor. Belt. Belt. Belt. Strath.
Apis . : : a7 sk sits 36 394
3ombus and Psithyrus : 4 149 67 125 592
Andrena and Nomada. : “ae Si I fe) 57
Chrysis and Odynerus . 3 ae I fo) fo)
Tenthredinide . : é I 8 I 4 187
Entomophaga. : : 17 58 ing 43 290
Ants 3 ‘ 58 30 36 78
Wasps : S08 I aS 12 32
Lepidoptera, long- tongued é 4 32 19 18 323
Lepidoptera, mid. tongued 22 5 3 34
Lepidoptera, short-tongued . = 4 I 28 68
Syrphidze and Empis . : 32 51 31 112 913
Other Flies : F 2) 227 848 647 848 8,963
Coleoptera . : - 10 180 66 85 973
Other Insects’. : - II 183 33 14 168
Further, they were distributed by altitude and season as in the
next table :—
ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT FAUNA OF CLOVA MOUNTAINS | 31
TABLE IV.
HIGH-MooRs. Spring. Summer. Autumn.
iS
Apis . . : : ss tic soe
Bombus anal Psithyrus : : : rs 2 2
Andrena and Nomada
Chrysis and Odynerus
Tenthredinide . : : : : oe Me
Entomophaga_ . ‘ : : : 2 i 14
Ants. :
Wasps : 3 ae sa
Lepidoptera, long- tongued ; : ae 4
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued .
Lepidoptera, short-tongued
ae
Diptera, long-tongued ; ; 4 Ss 32 rob
Diptera, short-tongued 3 : 10 209 8
Coleoptera 0 : : : ; a 10
Other Insects. : : 3 j oe II
CRAG-BELT.
Apis. eas SB sou
Bombus and Psithyrus 35 105 9
Andrena and Nomada Ne = wee
Chrysis and Odynerus I
Tenthredinide . 8 oe
Entomophaga 32 26
Ants. 53
Wasps I
Lepidoptera, long- tongued 32
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued . 22
Lepidoptera, short-tongued : : aes 4 rte
Diptera, long-tongued ; : : I 47 3
Diptera, short-tongued : : 5 ilo) 619 79
Coleoptera : : : ; : ae 179 I
Other Insects. 5 F : : oe. 178 5
THIRD BELT.
Apis. : 5 2 S60 508 oo
Bombus and Psithyrus : : : 29 34 4
Andrena and Nomada : se I
Chrysis and Odynerus : : ae 598
Tenthredinide . : : : ; ae I as
Entomophaga . : : : ae 10 43
Ants. : : : : : : I 26 3
Wasps ; : Jno an ee
Lepidoptera, long- tongued : : He 18 I
Lepidoptera, mid- -tongued. ; : en 5
Lepidoptera, short-tongued : ‘ ae I
Diptera, long-tongued : : ‘ 2 2 ae
Diptera, short-tongued —.. : : 56 422 169
Coleoptera é ‘ : ; ; 508 64 2
Other Insects. : : : : as 18 15
SECOND BELT.
Apis . : F 4 : a 36 By:
Bombus and Psithyrus : ; : na 44 68
Andrena and Nomada 5 : 5 sie 10
Chrysis and Odynerus
Tenthredinidez . ; 4 seh
Entomophaga : : A 3 15 25
Ants. : : : : : : an 28 8
32 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
TABLE IV.—SECOND BELT—continued.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
Wasps : : : - = 4 Sr 12 A
Lepidoptera, long-tongued ; ; I 14 3
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued . : ¢ I 3 Ae
Lepidoptera, short-tongued 25 28 306
Diptera, long-tongued F ; 34 57 Pai
Diptera, short-tongued : 86 481 281
Coleoptera : : 5 : : 2 29 54
Other Insects. : : : ‘ ar 2 12
STRATHS.
Apis . : ; : : : . 160 230 4
Bombus and Psithyrus : : LOS 177 220
Andrena and Nomada . : 2 54 I
Chrysis and Odynerus ‘ ; ; nk 5
Tenthredinidz . : ; 4 183
Entomophaga 8 239 43
Ants. ‘ 2 61 15
Wasps ‘ ; ‘ : : 5 2 28 2
Lepidoptera, long-tongued : : 22 236 65
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued . 5 : a6 25 9
Lepidoptera, short-tongued : : bes 68 ste
Diptera, long-tongued : : eit 567 225
Diptera, short-tongued ‘ ; 5 Bene 4331 1420
Coleoptera : ; : , : 31 553 389
Other Insects. ; : : 2 te 78- 77
We propose here to discuss the changes which season and altitude
seem to make in the anthophilous insect fauna.
First of all it is to be remarked that we have not been able to
spread our days of observation equally over the seasons. We spent
23 days in spring, 88 in summer, and only 12 in autumn. There-
fore, to equalise our seasonal figures, we have calculated from our
data what the observations would be for seasons of 61 days. Spring
at Clova is April and May, summer is June and July, autumn is
August and September, and winter begins in October.
Of the spring days 9 were overcast, 4 showery, and 1 wet; of
the summer days 11 were overcast, 12 showery, 13 wet, and 4 very
wet ; and of the autumn days 3 were overcast, and 1 wet. ‘This is
about normal for these hills, where July is apt to be a wet month
and June not settled. Table V. is derived from Table II. by
equalising our periods of observations.
TABLE V.—THE VISITORS IN THE THREE SEASONS—A SEASON BEING
CALCULATED AS OF 61 Days’ DURATION.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
Apis : : : : : : 427 184 20
Bombus and Psithyrus_. : : 721 251 1540
Andrena and Nomada_. : : 5 45 5
Chrysis and Odynerus 4
Tenthredinidze : F ; : 13 136 Soe
Entomophaga ‘ ‘ ; : 34 206 767
Ants . : : : ‘ : 8 120 132
Wasps . : 5 28 fo)
ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT FAUNA OF CLOVA MOUNTAINS 33
TABLE V.—contenued.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
Lepidoptera, long-tongued . : 6% 211 351
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued ; : R 37 46
Lepidoptera, short-tongued —. 3 Bs 70 aa
Diptera, long-tongued . ; ‘ 419 507 1266
Diptera, short-tongued. : . 9320 4203 9948
Coleoptera. : ; : j 88 579 2267
Other Insects . : ; : é 34 199 554
There are many remarks to make on it. We notice first of all
the increase of Parasitic Hymenoptera, Ants, long and mid-tongued
Lepidoptera, long-tongued flies, Coleoptera and miscellaneous insects
(chiefly Thrips) to autumn. We notice that mid-tongued Hymen-
optera (Andrena, Halictus, Nomada, Chrysis, and Odynerus) are
summer insects, as also are the Tenthredinidz, the Wasps, and the
short-tongued Lepidoptera (Zriocephala only). ‘The short-tongued
flies and the A4ombz decrease from spring to summer to increase
again in autumn; while Agzs seemed almost to disappear towards
autumn.
fHymenoptera,— Apis, a stranger introduced and kept by man in
the glens, may be henceforward disregarded. We will turn to the
Bombi. The vernal abundance of Bomdbi is due to B. lapponicis,
F., the autumnal to B. ferrestris, L., and BL. agrorum, F., especially
the former. 4. agrorum is the longest torigued of the three, and 4.
terrestris the shortest ; seasonally they were distributed as follews
(the seasons being calculated as of 61 days) :—
TABLE VI.—SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE THREE COMMONEST BEES.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
B.agrovrum . ; : : : 13 34. 224
2 se 77 > eatny
. lappontcu B. pratorune
B lappo 2ecus (with B _pratoruim, | 483 113 56
B.tonellus, and B.Scrimshiranis) \
B. terrestris . : : : ‘ 205 53 1220
Short-tongued Flies.—\ike the 4omér, the short-tongued flies
showed a summer decrease. ‘This—our largest group in Table V.
—deserves some subdivision, and on separating the orders we get
the following :—
TABLE VII.—SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHORT-TONGUED FLIES.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
Short-tongued Empide . : ; 63 69 30
Muscidze : ; : : : 186 159 2984
Tachinidee : F : ; j 85 70 244
Sarcophagidze : ; . . ee 9 10
Anthomyide . 8641 3398 4819
Tabanide, Tipulidc, Limnophitid Be 3 10 10
Bibionidz : . II 72) 158
Scatophagide . : : 106 60 539
Small Flies of other ‘Orders. : 22 354 1154
The table shows that Anthomyids are very prevalent in spring,
45 D
34 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Muscids in autumn, Bibionids in autumn, Scatophagids in autumn,
and in autumn also the orders of small flies such as Cecidomyide,
Ephydridz, Chloropidee.
We have observed of the 4ombs that their autumnal and vernal
maxima were determined by the great abundance of one or two
species; the same is true of the short-tongued Diptera. ‘The
autumnal maximum of Bibionidz is almost entirely due to zbz70
pomone, F., of Muscidee to Pollenia rudts, ¥., and of Tachinidz to
Siphona geniculata, Deg., which increases in number from May
onwards ; while the vernal abundance of Anthomyide is due to one
or two species of Anthomyia and Trichophthicus.
Long-tongued Flies—The long-tongued Diptera, like the short-
tongued, increase numerically from sy mmer to autumn, but in our
observations they did not show a vernal maximum. ‘Their numbers
in autumn were very largely due to two insects—ELvestalis pertinax,
Scop., and Lmpis dessellata, L.—the first a Syrphid, the second an
Empid. When we study the seasonal distribution of the Syrphidz
we see that the larger bodied have an autumnal maximum, but not
so the smaller species, the commonest genus of which is represented
throughout the three seasons by a succession of representatives,
thus :—Platychirus discimanus, Loew (spring), P.-manicatus, Mg.
(summer), and P. albimanus, F. (autumn).
TABLE VIII.—SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF LONG-TONGUED FLIES.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
Larger Syrphids! . : : ; 24 120 473
Small Syrphids ? : : ‘ 2) 280 218 234
Larger Empids. : ‘ : : 59 169 559
The greatest variety of Syrphids is to be seen in summer, and
indeed the greatest variety of every group of anthophilous insects,
whether with a vernal or an estival or an autumnal maximum. Of
Syrphids summer has 34, autumn 12, and spring 10; of Empids
summer has 22, autumn 10, and spring 9. Ahingia campestris,
Mg., is among the summer Syrphids; it seems to have a very
short period of flight just at mid-summer. Vo/uce//a is a summer
insect ; the commonest Chzlosia-C. fraterna, Mg., is also a summer
insect ; Sevtcomyta boreatts, Fln., is an autumn insect. Hmpuzs
tessellata, ¥., which is autumnal chiefly, is the largest and longest-
tongued of the Empidee at Clova, and it associates with Pachymeria
palparis, Egg., an insect not much smaller. The smaller Empids,
like the smaller Syrphids, are not autumnal.
Autumn has the longest-tongued of the short-tongued Flres.—It has
1 Genera here included are: Lhingia, Volucella, Sericomyia, LEvristalis,
Tlelophilus, Chilosta, Leucozonta and Chrysogaster. i
2 Genera here included are: Syrphus, Syritta, Platychirus, ATelanostoma
with JWZelangyna), Ascta and Spherophoria.
ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT FAUNA OF CLOVA MOUNTAINS 35
been remarked that the Tachinidz owe their autumnal maximum to
Siphona geniculata, an insect deserving of notice, for its tongue is
remarkably long. Among our Anthomyidz the largest and longest-
tongued, Drymia hamata, Fln., is autumnal (119 individuals in
summer and 668 in autumn), and Ayetodesta incana, W., which is
the largest and longest-tongued of its genus, is eestival-autumnal
(558 and 442 being the proportions of individuals for the two
seasons).
Lepidoptera.—The Lepidoptera next require comment. We
have seen that L7riocephala calthella, L., is entirely estival. The
autumnal moths are chiefly Hydracza nictitans and Celena Haworthit,
Curts., and a somewhat autumnal butterfly is Polyommatus phleas,
L. The vernal long-tongued Lepidoptera are chiefly the butterflies
Vanessa urtice, L. and Pieris napi, L. In summer Lycena Lcarus,
L., 1s the commonest insect of the class ; it is joined, as the Ericas
burst into flower, by two species of Aglaia, by Cenonympha Pam-
philus, 1... by several species of //usza, and by many other butterflies
and moths. In the Lepidoptera, again, the autumnal maximum is
due to a few species present in large numbers, while summer has
the greater variety.
Coleoptera.—Coleoptera showed an increase to autumn. In
spring they are rare; in summer there are many species about:
Epurea estiva, ., being next commonest to the two common
Meligethes, and Anthophagus alpinus, Payk., being by no means
rare. In autumn the abundance is due to Aelgcthes viridescens,
F., and Meligethes eneus, ¥. ‘There is no heightening of the type
through the seasons.
Parasitic Hymenoptera.— Parasitic Hymenoptera become very
abundant in autumn, especially the larger Ichneumonide, such as
Alomyia and Lchneumon.
DECIDEDLY DESIRABLE VISITORS.
Spring. Summer. Autumn.
1. Bombus and Average type high lLongest-tongued Average type low ;
Psithyrus Bombi not un- the _ shortest-
common tongued Bombi
very abundant.
to
3. Long-tongued Type high; species Longest -tongued Type rather lower
Lepidoptera few moth on the than spring;
- wing; species species not many.
varied
DESIRABLE VISITORS.
4. Andrena, etc. Absent . : ~ Present ’ . Absent.
5. Chrysis and rei bee : : Soh ; : 0
Odynerus
6. Larger
Syrphidze
7. Smaller
Syrphidee
8. Larger
Empidze
g. Mid-tongued
Lepidoptera
10.
II.
Vespide .
Tachinidz
12. Muscidze
. Sarcophagide .
. Anthomyide .
15. Short-tongued
Empidze
. Tabanide, ete.
. Bibionidze
. Scatophagidee .
. Coleoptera
. Short-tongued
Lepidoptera
21. Small flies
. Parasitic
Hymenoptera
23. Tenthredinidze
. Ants :
25. Other insects .
DESIRABLE VISITORS—coz?272200ed.
Summer.
Longest - tongued
on the wing;
species varied
Abundant ; species Abundant; longest-
Spring.
Few
few tongued on the
wing; species
varied
Fairly abundant Fairly abundant ;
longest - tongued
becomes abund-
ant
Fairly abundant ;
species varied ;
largest types pres-
ent
Very few
INDIFFERENT VISITORS.
Few
; : More plentiful
Fairly plentiful
Fairly plentiful ;
largest types on
the wing
Plentiful Plentiful; largest
types on the wing
Absent . : o TREE oc ‘ :
Extremely abundant Much less abund-
ant, but type
heightened
Fairly plentiful Fairly plentiful
Very few Few . .
Few Fairly plentiful
Fairly plentiful Less plentiful
Plentiful Abundant and
varied
Absent . Plentiful
Plentiful : : =
INJURIOUS VISITORS.
Few Plentiful
Few . . . »
Few . 5 5 Ae
Few . : 5 oa
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Autumn.
Abundant; average
type fairly high ;
species few.
Abundant ; species
few.
Longest - tongued
very abundant ;
species few.
Not abundant.
Few.
Abundant ; especi-
ally in one of the
longest-tongued.
Very abundant ; es-
pecially in larger
forms.
Few.
Abundant ;
high.
type
Less plentiful.
Few.
Plentiful;
heightened.
Abundant.
Very abundant, but
not varied.
Absent.
type
. Very abundant.
Very plentiful ; type
higher.
Absent.
Plentiful.
Abundant.
TABLE IX.—THE NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES OF DECIDEDLY DESIRABLE,
DESIRABLE, AND INDIFFERENT
INSECTS ABROAD
(APIS OMITTED).
Spring
Summer .
Autumn .
Decidedly Desirable. Desirable.
No. vp No. Ws
295 7:37 161 4-02
666 7-78 856 10-00
372 12-25 259 8:53
IN THE SEASONS.
Indifferent.
No. a
3549 88-61
7039 82-22
2405 79°21
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF EAST SUTHERLANDSHIRE 37
In summary we may remark that spring and summer are rather
alike as to the decidedly desirable insects ; autumn and summer as
to the others. Zhe average of the lower types ts higher in autumn
than in spring, but the average of the higher types ts lower in autumn
than in spring; at the same time, the autumn increases the number
where the type is lower, and decreases them where the type has
heightened. Summer holds the highest types in each group, but
rarely in anything beyond small numbers: Macroglossa, Bombus
hortorum, L., Andrena, Odynerus, Rhingia campestris, Mg., Empts
tessellata, Mesembrina meridtana, L., and Stphona geniculata, Drymia
hamata and Fyetodesia incana.
The following table gives the percentages of the whole antho-
philous fauna seen in the different seasons :—
TABLE X.
Spring. Summer. Autumn. Total.
Apis : . : : F 3-81 2-72 O-14 2:47
Bombus and Psithyrus. j 6-48 3-70 Q-I1 5°41
Andrena and Nomada_ . : 0:05 0-66 0:03 0:39
Chrysis and Odynerus. : 0-00 0-06 0:00 0:03
Tenthredinidze ; é : O-12 2:00 0-00 I-16
Entomophaga . : 5 . 0-31 0:03 4°54 2-66
Ants : : : : 5 0:07 1-77 0-78 I-16
Wasps : : ‘ : 0:05 0-42 0:06 0-29
Lepidoptera, long-tongued : 0-56 3°11 2-07 2:2
Lepidoptera, mid-tongued ; 0:02 0:55 0-2 0:37
Lepidoptera, short-tongued_. 0-00 1-03 0-00 0:58
Diptera, mid-tongued , 3:76 7-48 7-48 6-58
Diptera, short-tongued . . 83:69 62-19 58-83 66-76
Coleoptera. : ; - 0-78 8-32 3-41 7°47
Other Insects . ‘ : é 0-31 2:03 3-27 2:36
(Zo be continued.)
NOTES SON DHE VORA OF EAST
SUTHERLANDSHIRE.
By G. CiaripcE Druce, M.A., F.L.S.
IN August 1902 I spent a couple of days at Golspie, and
explored the sand dunes, shingle, and pretty glen, as well
as the fir woods, the home of Moneses, which are situated on
low sandy ground, doubtless at one time covered by the sea.
Thalictrum dunense, Dum., was rather frequent but very dwarfed
on the links.
Ranunculus bulbosus, Z., occurred as a very branching plant on
the links.
38 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Fumaria Borel, /ord.—Golspie, cultivated ground.
Arabis hirsuta, 47,—In the glen, Dunrobin.
Cardamine flexuosa, W7zth.—Dunrobin Glen.
Draba incana, Z.—A very dwarf form on the sand dunes.
*Erophila vulgaris, YC.—Golspie.
Cochlearia groenlandica, Z.—Golspie.
Sisymbrium Sophia, Z.—On the shingle, Golspie. Not in Professor
Trail’s list.
“Brassica alba, 4ozss.—Golspie, on cultivated ground.
Thlaspi arvense, Z.—In cornfields rather common, Golspie.
Crambe maritima, Z.—Several large plants grew on the shingle on
the foreshore in front of Dunrobin Castle, quite naturalised if
not native ; but the situation is one where it is possible rubbish
from the gardens may have been deposited, although no intro-
duced plant was near. Nearer Golspie + Campanula Trachelium
and +Geranium pratense, evidently from the gardens, occurred
on the sandy ground.
Cakile maritima, Scos.—Golspie. Not in Professor Trail’s ‘Top.
Botany” for East Sutherland, but recorded by Marshall and
Shoolbred in 1897 from the vice-county.
Viola tricolor, Z.—Golspie.
V. arvensis, 1/uzxray.—Cultivated fields, Golspie.
Polygala oxyptera, Rechb.—A red-flowered form approaching the
Tain plant in the turf of the links, but rare.
Silene maritima, .S7z.—Golspie.
Lychnis alba, 4/z/7.—Golspie.
L. alba x dioica. — Near the Mound, undoubtedly the hybrid
plant. Noticed by the Rev. E. S. Marshall at Tongue, and
brought by him to me. New to Britain in name, but speci-
mens from Berkshire were distributed through the Exchange
Club by me in 1892.
Cerastium tetrandrum, Cwrt—Golspie.
C. semidecandrum, Z.—Golspie.
Arenaria peploides, Z.—Golspie.
Sagina nodosa, /enz/.—Near the Mound.
Buda rubra, Dz7.—Golspie.
Spergularia sativa, 4enn.—Common in crops.
Montia fontana, Z., var. *major.—By the railway, north of Golspie.
Malva sylvestris, Z., and *M. rotundifolia, Z.—Golspie, on the fore-
shore.
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF EAST SUTHERLANDSHIRE 39
Erodium cicutarium, Z’/@’r., var. micranthum (Rouy and Fouc.).—
Golspie.
Ononis repens, Z.—Near the railway, Golspie.
Astragalus danicus, e¢z.—On the grassy turf of the links, in fruit.
Prunus Padus, Z.—Golspie Glen.
*Vicia lathyroides, Z.—Golspie, very rare.
V. gemella, Crantz.— Near Golspie, in a grass field, with V.
hirsuta.
V. angustifolia, Roth.—Golspie.
*Rubus pulcherrimus, Zz7deb.—Golspie.
R. Rogersii, Zz2¢on.—Golspie.
*R. dasyphyllus, Rogers.—Golspie.
R. corylifolius, .S7z.—Golspie Glen.
R. saxatilis, Z.—In the glen, near the waterfall.
Alchemilla vulgaris, Z., “var. e/aéra (W. and G.).—Golspie Glen.
*Rosa spinosissima, £.—On the Golspie Links, near Dunrobin.
kK. tomentosa, Sy. (R. mollissima, /1’z2//d.)—Golspie.
R. eglanteria, Z. (R. rubiginosa, Z.).—Golspie. Perhaps an escape.
R. glauca, Vz/7,—Golspie.
R. corifolia, /7zes.—Golspie.
7Pyrus Aria, £Ar;2.—Certainly planted at Golspie with P. intermedia,
Ehrh.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Z.—In Golspie Glen.
+ Ribes Grossularia, 7.—Golspie.
7 Agopodium Podagraria, Z.—Golspie.
Linnea borealis, Z.—In the firwood near Golspie, but rare, and not
flowering this year ; not more than 30 feet above the sea-level.
Galium verum, Z., *var. littorale, 4xe>.—Golspie.
*G. erectum, //vd@s.—On the railway bank, Inverstair.
Filago minima, Z.—Heathy ground near Golspie.
Matricaria maritima, Z.—Golspie.
Senecio viscosus, Z.—Plentiful on the foreshore at Golspie, and
extending for some distance.
Leontodon autumnalis, Z., *var. sordida, Babé.—Golspie.
“Taraxacum palustre, C.—Golspie.
Sonchus asper, /7/7//, *var. g/andulosus, and S. oleraceus, *var. glan-
dulosus.—Golspie.
40 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Fraxinus rotundifolia, Z.—Golspie.
Trientalis europzea, Z.—Golspie.
Gentiana amarella, Z., var. mu/ticaulis (Lange).—Golspie.
*G, baltica, 1/wrb.—Golspie.
*t+Symphytum asperrimum, 47es.—Golspie.
*Pneumaria maritima, A7/7// (Mertensia maritima). —On_ shingle,
Golspie ; very rare.
*Veronica didyma, Ze2.—Golspie.
*+V. Tournefortii, Gme/—Golspie, garden ground.
Myosotis repens, Yox.—Golspie Glen.
M. versicolor, Aezchb.—Golspie, near the railway.
+Mimulus Langsdorffii, Doxw.—In the glen at Dunrobin, quite
naturalised.
“Thymus Chameedrys, #ries.—Growing with T. Serpyllum, Z., on the
links, but more sparingly, and keeping quite distinct.
Galeopsis Tetrahit, Z. “var. bifida (Boenn.). — Cultivated fields,
Golspie.
Plantago major, Z., *var. zztermedia (Gilib.).—Golspie.
P. maritima, Z., var.
Salicornia herbacea, Z.—Near Golspie.
Sueda maritima, Dum. (= Dondia maritima, Druce).—Golspie.
“Atriplex patula, Z.—On the foreshore at Golspie. *Var. angustt-
Jolia, Sm.—Waste ground.
A. Babingtonu, Woods, “var. virescens (Lange).—Golspie.
*Rumex acutus, Z.—Bordering the road near Golspie in some
quantity.
R, crispus, Z., var. 272callosus.—Golsplie.
Ulmus montana, Svokes (= U. campestris, L.).—Golspie Glen.
“Betula verrucosa, “Arhi.—Golspie.
+ Fagus sylvatica, Z.—Undoubtedly planted.
*+ Quercus sessiliflora, Sa/sb.—Dunrobin ; (?) planted.
*Salix Caprea, Z.—Dunrobin Glen.
7*S. alba, Z.—Golspie.
Listera cordata, 47.—Golspie wood, with Z. ovata, Br.
Goodyera repens, 47.—Plentiful in the wood with Zina.
Orchis maculata, Z. (Dunrobin), and *var. evicetorum (Linton).—
Golspie ; type at Dunrobin.
Habenaria viridis, Bv., var. *dracteata (Asa Gray).—Near Golspie.
SCOTTISH RUBI 4I
Juncus Gerardi, Zozs.—Marsh near Golspie.
Carex arenaria, Z.—Golspie Links.
Milium effusum, Z.—Golspie Glen.
Phleum pratense, Z., var. xodosum, 1..—Golspie Links.
Agrostis alba, Z., *var. coarctata (Hoffm.).—Golspie.
A. vulgaris, W2th., var. pumila, L.—In heathy ground near Golspie.
Phragmites communis, 7777.—Not in ‘Top. Bot.”
Keeleria cristata, Pers., *var. gracilis (Bor.).—Golspie Links.
Melica nutans, Z.—Golspie Glen.
*Poa nemoralis, Z.—On a wall in Golspie.
P. trivialis, Z.—Golspie.
Festuca ovina, Z., *var. palwdosa (Gaud).—Golspie Links.
*Bromus commutatus, Schreb.—Golspie.
Agropyron repens, Beauv., *var. Leersianum (S. F. Gray).—Golspie.
Also *var. glaucum.
A. junceum, Zeauv.—Golspie.
Elymus arenarius, Z.—Golspie; no personal authority in ‘Top.
Bot.”
Botrychium Lunaria, Sz.—Golspie Links ; common.
Equisetum arvense, Z., *var, zemorosum (Braun.).—Golspie.
E. sylvaticum, Z., var. capcl/are (Hoffm.).—Abundant in Golspie
Glen.
Lastrea dilatata, Pves?—Golspie Glen.
SGOMmISH RUB
By Prof. James W. H. Trait, A.M., M.D., F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 244.)
99. DUMBARTON.
idzeus.—R.
fissus. ‘‘ Hailstone,” ‘Top. Bot.”—[R].
. Rogersii. Between Arrochar and Tarbet, Marshall, 1901.—R.
. plicatus. Balloch, 1897, W. MZ. Rogers.—R.
. nitidus. Near Tarbet, 1901, MWarshall.—R.
. Lindleianus. “Top. Bot.”; Ardlui, 1896, Marshall and Shool-
bred.—R.
Wann A
Wn Wi
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Scheutzii. Balloch, 1896, W. AZ, A.—R.
. pulcherrimus. Ardlui, 1896, JZ, and S/.—R.
. villicaulis, swésp. Selmeri. 1897, W. AZ. R.—R.
. gratus. Near Ardlui, 1896, JZ. and Si.—R
. mucronatus. Ardlui, 1896, JZ. and S/#.—R.
. radula (s. s¢vic?¢.). Balloch, 1896, W. AZ, R.—R.
subsp. anglicanus. Ardlui, 1896, JZ and S4.—R
subsp. sertiflorus. Near Tarbet, rgo01, Marshall.
. echinatus. 1900.—R.
. rosaceus, s#dsp. infecundus. Balloch, in quantity, 1896, WW. AZ. R.
—R.
R. saxatilis. “‘N.B. Guide,” 1837 ; “‘ Hooker, sp.,” “Top. Bot.”—R.
[R. Chamzmorus. ‘“ Boué’s Inaug. Dissert.” “ N.B. Guide.” |
i
Bann We AAW
bd
—
Y
nm 7
100. CLYDE ISLANDS.
. idzeeus. Lamlash, Lightfoot, 1778.—R.
. Rogers. Near Loch Fad, Bute, 1901, Marshal/l.—R.
. plicatus. “Top. Bot.”—[R].
affinis. adlfour, “Top. Bot.”
. carpinifolius, Bute, Balfour, + Tops: Boe?
Lindleianus. ‘‘ Top. Bot.” ; plentiful about Rothesay, A/arsha//,
1g01.—R.
. rhamnifolius. Bute, 1901, W. AZ R.—R.
dumnoniensis. Rothesay, scarce, AZarshall, 1901.—R.
pulcherrimus. Rothesay, plentiful, JZarshall, 1901.—R.
. villicaulis (s. s¢vict.). J. King, “ Add. Rec. 1892.”—R.
subsp. Selmeri. About Rothesay, 1901, Marshal/.—R
. Tusticanus (as discolor). “Top. Bot.”—R.
. macrophyllus. 1go0o. R.
subsp. Schlechtendalii, vay. amplificatus, “ Top. Bot.”—(R).
. pyramidalis. Bute, 1901, W. AZ R.—R.
. mucronatus (as mucronulatus). “ Arran,” “Top. Bot.”—(R).
. infestus. Bute, r9g0o1, W. AZ, R.—R.
Koehleri, swbsp. dasyphyllus, (as var. pa//idus). “Top. Bot.” ;
Bute, tg01, W. AZ. R.—R.
. dumetorum, zvav. fasciculatus (as corylifolius, var. purpureis).
”
Arran, Balfour,
X. corylifolius. Azzg (Glasg. Cat.)—R.
var. cyclophyllus (as var. conjungens), ‘Arran, Balfour,”
“Top. Bot.”—[R]}.
. saxatilis. ‘‘ Hennedy, Catalogue,” “Top. Bot.”—R.
OI. CANTIRE.
. Idzeus.—R.
. suberectus. Near Inverneil, 1897, C. &. Sal/mon.—R.
SCOTTISH RUBI 43
sulcatus, C. 7 S, “Add. Rec, 1808.”
. Lindleianus. By Crinan Canal, Ardrishaig, 1897, C. #. S—R.
. rhamnifolius. Cairnbaan, 1897, C. £. 5S.
subsp. Bakeri. 1900.—R.
dumnoniensis. Inverneil, 1897, C. Z. S—R.
. pulcherrimus. Auchindarroch, by Crinan Canal, 1897,
C. E. S—R.
. villicaulis, swésp. Selmeri. By Crinan Canal, 1897, C. Z. S.—R.
. radula, swdsp. anglicanus, C. Z. S. “Add. Rec. 1898”; near
Inverell, 1908, C. 2. S.
subsp. sertiflorus. Near Inverneil, 1901, C. Z. S—R.
. corylifolius.—R.
var. cyCclophyllus. By Loch Killisport, 1897, C. #. S.—(R).
. saxatilis. ‘‘ Balfour, Catalogue,” “Top. Bot.”—R.
Aen
li lle
v2
v2)
102. S. EBUDES.
. ideeus.—R.
. plicatus. A. Ley.—(R).
. affinis. Lzzng, ‘Add. Rec. 1889.”
. pulcherrimus (as 2. folyanthemus). Ewing, “Add. Rec. 1889.”
[R. hirtifolius, vay. danicus. Doubtfully recorded for S. Ebudes. ]
R. mucronatus (as mucronulatus). “Top. Bot.”—(R).
Rosaxatilis. “Balfour sp.” “Top. Bot.” —R,
APRP
103. M. Esupes.
R. idzeus.—R.
R. plicatus. Macvicar, “Add. Rec. °1894”; Coll, 1806,
Macvicar.—R.
[R. affinis. “Add. Rec. 1887,” in error. ]
R. carpinifolius. AZacvicar, ‘“‘ Add. Rec. 1894.”—R.
R. dumnoniensis. AZacvicar, “ Add. Rec. 1894”; Coll, 1896,
Macvicar—R.
R. pulcherrimus.—R.
R. villicaulis. Macvicar, ‘‘ Add. Rec. 1894.”
subsp. Selmeri. Coll, locally common, 1896, J/acvicar.—R.
R. hirtifolius, vav. danicus. Coll, 1896, Macvicar.—R.
[R. pyramidalis, included with doubt (from Mull) in JZ, W. R’s list
of 1895 ; is omitted from 103 in the “ Handbook” as incorrectly
named. |
R. mucronatus. A/acvicar, “ Add. Rec. 1894.”—R.
R. radula. Macvicar, “Add. Rec. 1894.”—R.
[|R. corylifolius. Recorded in error, the specimen proving to be 2.
hirtifolius, var. danicus, ‘* Add. Rec. 1896.”
saxatilis.s “Ross, Catalogue.” “op Bot.’—=R.
[R. arcticus. ‘Mull, Dr. Walker,” “Eng. Bot.” t. 1585.]
BH Anan Wwe
v2)
bo
bo
Aer FR
id
Rm A
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
104. N. EBUDEs.
. idzeus.—R.
. plicatus. Jacvicar, ‘“‘ Add. Rec. 1895.”—R.
. pulcherrimus. Jacvicar, “ Add. Rec. 1895.”—R.
. Villicaulis. AMacvicar, “‘ Add. Rec. 1895.”—R.
subsp. Selmeri. Aacvicar, “ Add. Rec. 1895.”
. gratus. Macvicar, “‘ Add. Rec. 1895.”—R.
. mucronatus. 1t900.—R.
. radula (s. stvzct.). Macvicar, “ Add. Rec. 1895.”—R.
. thyrsiger. Dried specimen recorded as seen by W. AZ. R,' 1897.
—[R].
. corylifolius. Uig, Skye, Zzntons.—R.
var. sublustris.—-R.
. saxatilis. ‘‘ Lawson, Catalogue,” “Top. Bot.”—R.
TOS. We) OSS:
.idzeus. White-fruited in various localities, G. C. Druce,
1889.—R.
_fissus. “Add! Ree) 1394.7: mean Ullapool, G. CG: e2. 1s696:
—R.
. suberectus. Inverlael, 1893, G. C. D.—R.
Rogersii. Kinlochewe, 1896, &. and C. Sadmon ( “J. B.” 1897,
348).—R.
. plicatus. Near Dundonnell, 1893, G. C. D.—R.
affinis. Kinlochewe, G. C. D., 1890.
. carpinifolius—R.
incurvatus. Ullapool and Inverlael, 1893, G. C. D.—R.
. rhamnifolius. Strome Ferry, G. C. D., 1894.
. pulcherrimus. Jeantown, G. C. D., 1893.—R.
. villicaulis (s. s¢vic¢.). ‘‘ Add. Rec. 1894”; Kinlochewe, G. C. D.,
1896; £. and C. Salmon, 1896 (“J. B.” 1897, 348).—R
subsp. Selmeri. Strathcarron, etc., 1893, G. C. D.—R.
var. calvatus. Recorded from Kinlochewe in 1890 by
G. C. Druce, but Mr. Rogers says, in ‘ Handbook,”
“not yet observed in Scotland.”
. macrophyllus. Inverlael, 1893, G. C. D.
. pyramidalis. Ullapool and Dundonnell, 1893, G. C. D.; Kin-
lochewe, 1896, &. and C. SS. (Z.c.).—R.
. leucostachys. Ullapool, rare, 1893, G. C. D.
smucronatus. “Not tare?’ 1880, GC. is “Adds Ree; 1894.
—R.
. radula. Druce, ‘“‘ Add. Rec. 1894.”—R.
. corylifolius. Glen Shiel, 4. Davidson, 1884; Ullapool, 1893,
GAGs,
Foe fo age nr ZARA ne
nA FF
ay FR
SCOTTISH RUBI 45
. saxatilis. Ben Slioch, G. C. D., 1890.—R.
.Chamemorus. “Ch. Babington, MS.,” “Top. Bot.” ; Ben Slioch,
etexsrsoo, G. C. D.——R.
106. East Ross.
. idzeus.—R.
sfissus. Marshall, “ Add. Rec. 1891.7—R.
. Rogersii. Bonar Bridge, 1893, Marshall.—R.
. plicatus. Bazley, “Add. Rec. 1891”; near Dingwall, 1893,
Marshall.—(R).
var. hemistemon.—k,
. dumnoniensis.—R.
. villicaulis (s. s¢vict.). Between Loch Eye and Tain, JZ and
Hanb., 1891.—R.
subsp. Selmeri. Between Meikle Ferry and Tain, JZ and
Shoolb., 1897.—[R].
. macrophyllus, swésp. Schlechtendaliu. Aazley, ‘Add. Rec.
18g1.”—R.
. mucronatus. JZ and //and., “Add. Rec. 1891”; Rossmarkie,
1699, 7andy.s7:— hk.
. Gelertii. Between Fowlis and Dingwall in quantity, 1893,
Marshall.—R.
. radula. JZarshall, “ Add. Rec. 1892,” Rossmarkie, JZ and Sz.,
1899.—R.
. dumetorum, var. diversifolius. JZarshall, “ Add. Rec. 1892.”
anR))
. corylifolius. Marshall, ‘‘ Add. Rec. 1891.”—R.
msaxatilise | Gordon, Catalogue,” “N.B: Guide,” 13375) Mop:
Bot.”—R.
eChameemorus, —~ “Gordon, Ms.” ““N.B. Guide,” 1837; “Top:
Bot.”—R
107. East SUTHERLAND.
. idzeus.—R.
. Rogersii, Near Invershin, 1890; Marshall, “Add. Rec.
1895.’ —R.
. plicatus. Between Rosehall and Invershin, 1899, Marshall and
Hanbury.—R.
. opacus.—| R ].
. Villicaulis (s. strict.) About Golspie, 1896, JZ. and Shoolbred.
—R.
. micans (as R. adscitus.). “ Oliver,” “Top. Bot.,” but no authentic
example seen by Mr. Rogers.—|R].
. leucostachys. Between Rosehall and Invershin, JZ and Hand.,
1890.—R.
PRR
rar
R.
We DO
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
. mucronatus. Between Rosehall and Invershin, 1/7. and Handé.,
1890.—R.
. radula (s. s¢réc¢.), Frequent at Golspie, 1897, JZ and Skhoold.
—R.
. corylifolius. Near Invershin, 1890, JZ and Hanb.—R.
. Balfourianus. 1897, AZ and Skool.
. saxatilis.—R.
. Chameemorus. “Grant,” “Top. Bot.”—R.
108. WEST SUTHERLAND.
. idzeus.—R.
. villicaulis (s. s¢vzc¢.). Lochinver, JZ, and Hand., 1891.—R.
. hirtifolius, vaz. danicus. 1900.—R.
var. mollissimus. Was recorded as found by Mr. Hanbury
at Tongue, but is omitted from the ‘“ Handbook” list,
the specimen having belonged to vary. danicus.—R.
. Balfourianus. J/arshail and Shoolbred, 18098.
. saxatilis. ‘‘ N.B. Guide,” 1837; “Top. Bot.”—R.
. Chamezemorus. ‘“N.B. Guide,” 1837; “Top. Bot.”—R.
10g. CAITHNESS.
. 1dzeus.—R.
. plicatus, var. hemistemon. Dunbeath, 1889, Zzz¢ons.—R.
. corylifolius. Davidson, ‘‘ Add. Rec. 1886.”—R.
GxLSIUS —Ike
. saxatilis. ‘“‘ R. Brown, Catalogue,” ‘Top. Bot.”—R.
. Chameemorus. (‘“Ar. Bennett”), “Top. Bot.”—R.
110. HEBRIDES.
idzeus. Somerville, ‘“ Add. Rec. 1888.”—R.
[R. carpinifolius. ? ‘Add. Rec. 1894.”]
Kk
IK
incurvatus. ‘‘ Add. Rec. 1891.”—(R).
pulcherrimus (as polyanthemus). Somerville, 1888, “ Add. Rec.” ;
North Uist and Barra, 1894, Shoolbred.—R.
. villicaulis (s. s¢vict.) (as tusularis). Shoolbred, “ Add. Rec.
1895."—R.
subsp. rhombifolius.— R ].
. gratus. ‘‘ Plentiful near Obe, Harris,” 1894, Shoolbred.—R.
. rusticanus. ‘‘ Near Castle Bay, Barra,” 1894, Shoolbred.—R.
. mucronatus. ‘‘ North Uist and Benbecula,” Shoolbred ; “ Add.
Rec. 1894.”—R.
. radula (s. s¢vict.). Near Castle Bay, Barra, 1894, Shoolbred,
“Add. Rec. 1894.”—R.
. rosaceus. ‘‘ Shoolbred?” “‘ Add. Rec. 1894.”
EQUISETUM HVEMALE IN WESTERNESS 47
R. corylifolius.—R.
R. cesius. ‘‘ Somerville?” (Glasg. Cat.).
R. saxatilis. ‘Top. Bot.”—R.
T11. ORKNEY.
R. idzeus.—R.
R. fissus. “Top. Bot.”—R.
eesaxarlises = Gillieshb:? “Top, Bot.’——R.
(Zo be continued.)
POU PUM EYE MALE, 2. IN WESTERINESS:
By ARTHUR BENNETT, F.L.S.
So far as I know, the only records for this species in West
Scotland are Ayrshire (where it is named from five or six
parishes, of which Tarbolton is the most westward), and
West Sutherland (A. Gray, “Trans. Bot. Soc.” Edinburgh).
It was recorded by Mr. Croall (“ Record Club Rep. for 1876,”
(1877), p. 174), from Easterness ; and though this vice-county
is mainly eastern, yet at one point it almost runs out to the
western seaboard. Kirkcudbright and Lanark, in which it
also occurs, can only be called Central Scotland, though each
are partly west of the median line.
Last August my friend Mr. C. E. Salmon gathered it on
Culvain (3224 feet), in the parish of Kilmalie, at an altitude
of 1750 feet ; this exceeds by 850 feet any record known to
mew wianthe Comp, Cybele: Brit; the’ hiehest record: is
600 feet, “Baker in Humber.” But in Baker’s “Lake
Flora,” p. 247 (1885), he gives it for 900 feet, “between
Shap and Anna Well, I. Lawson.”
Invthe “Plora of Perthy. p. 374 (1898); it is given for
“low levels” only; in Dickie’s “ Bot. Guide to Aberdeen,
Banff, and Kincardine,” p. 236 (1860), the altitude noted is
E50) to, Aoo) feet. In’ Wop) Bot, Ved, 2 (1633) the record
for S. Aberdeen is marked doubtful.
In Scotland this species extends north to about N. lat.
58° 30’. In Finland it grows in two of the north-west pro-
vinces (Lapponia inarensis and L. tulomensis) to about 69°
1 The localities named in the ‘‘ Bot. Guide” are all either in Kincardine or
in N. Aberdeen. I have not myself seen it in S. Aberdeen.—J. W. H. Trait.
48 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
N. tat’ In Norway at 70° 8’, E./Binmark and) W..Finmark
at 70° 19’ (Norman “ Notationes summatim concepte,” p.
516, 1881). In Iceland, Greenland (“Islands Flora,” p.
138, 1881). Landt reported it from the Faroes, but I am
not sure whether it has been confirmed from them since ;
it is not admitted by Rostrup (“Feroernes Flora,” p. 72,
1870); nor is it given for the Feroes in Ostenfeld’s “ Flora
Arctica,” 1902: cAs) the WwaraDeeize, (Milde itvoccurs in
West Greenland at 60° 35’ (Ostenfeld, “ Flora Arctica,” p. 9).
In Canada it is “quite common throughout the northern
forests, and westward through the mountains to the Pacific ”
(Macoun, “Cat. Canad. Pll” ptieps 25.2) 18388), but ittdoes
not seem to reach the extreme north.
From this distribution there seems no reason why it
should not be found in the extreme north of Scotland, the
Orkneys, and the Shetland Isles. In England it extends
south to E. Kent and Surrey, but is not recorded further
south, and only from N. Somerset, in the S.W. of England.
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES.
Poleeat in Ross-shire.—I received in December a remarkably
fine male specimen of the Polecat (AZustela putorius). The animal
was in fine fur, and was 22 inches in length and weighed 2# lbs.
It was taken in a trap set for rabbits in a rocky hill face at Leck-
melm, Ross-shire. Fifty years ago the Polecat was found in every
county from the Solway to Sutherlandshire, and at that time was
tolerably numerous in the Oban district. The Pine Marten (JZustela
martes) is also fast becoming extinct. A very few specimens have
been obtained in late years, and these have also principally been
taken in traps set for rabbits. A very fine specimen of the Pine
Marten was thus captured in the Melfort district a short time ago.
This latter specimen, together with the Polecat, has been added
to my collection of Highland mammals. It would be interesting to
know the date of the last capture of the Polecat in Argyllshire.—
CeciL H. BisHopp, Oban.
[Two specimens of the Polecat captured during the past year
in the Assynt district of Sutherland came under our notice, and
were examined by us.—Eps. |
Crested Tit in Lower Strathspey.—In Messrs. Harvie-Brown’s
and Buckley’s “Moray” the Glen of Rothes is mentioned as the
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES 49
lowest locality on the Spey from which the Crested Tit (7.
cristatus) has been recorded. During the autumn of 1901 and
spring of 1902 I found the bird fairly numerous in the neighbour-
hood of Fochabers, which is several miles north of the Glen of
Rothes. The first time the Crested Tit was seen near Fochabers
was in the winter of either 1868 or 1869, when a single bird was
noticed by Mr. John Webster, brother of the present head gardener at
Gordon Castle. In June 1899 Mr. George Muirhead, jun., found two
Crested Tits’ nests in a large fir-wood about a mile from Fochabers ;
one nest contained young birds, and the other hard-set eggs. As I
have seen Crested Tits within five miles of Elgin, perhaps they may
now be extending their range beyond the valley of the Spey.—
Norman B. KINNEAR, Achnacarry.
Nesting of Great Spotted Woodpecker in East Lothian.—
On 5th May 1902 I visited a nest of Dendrocopus major in a wood
not very far from here. The exact spot, at the request of the pro-
prietor, I do not name. The nest was in an upright half-dead
branch of a beech-tree some 25 feet from the ground. ‘The extra-
ordinary litter of chips which bestrewed the ground at the foot of
the tree first attracted attention to it. The entrance hole measured
2 x 24 inches, and the depth of the hollow from the lower lip of the
aperture to the surface of the chips and wood-dust which formed the
nest was ro inches. ‘The circumference of the branch outside the
aperture was 1g inches. As I was away from home during part of
May, I did not manage to visit the nest till roth June, when I saw
many signs of the presence of the birds; but several people in the
neighbourhood saw the parent birds repeatedly going in and out of
the nest, and described to me most accurately their colours and
markings. ‘The young were hatched and got safely away, I am
glad to record.—H. N. Bonar, Salton.
Honey Buzzard in Argyllshire.—On the goth of October an
immature female Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) was shot at Kil-
finnan, Loch Fyne-—Cuar.es Kirk, Glasgow.
Honey Buzzard in Forfarshire.—I am informed on the most
reliable authority that a bird of this species was observed being
pursued by a lot of Jackdaws at Teinavon. The bird passed within
20 yards of my informant, whose attention was called to the bird by
its cries while being hustled by its pursuers.—J. A. HARVIE-BRown.
Glossy Ibis in Roxburghshire.—On the 17th of November last
an immature specimen of the Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) was
shot at a place called the “ Brick House,” which is situated on the
Tweed about four miles below Kelso, and where there is a small
pond and marshy places, to which numerous ducks resort. ‘This
example has been acquired by the Edinburgh Museum of Science
and Art.—ARCHIBALD STEEL, Kelso.
45 E
50 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
Glossy Ibis in Islay.—An immature female Glossy Ibis (//egadzs
falcinellus) was shot at Kildalton, Islay, on 30th October, and is
now in the collection of Mr. Jain Ramsay, Kildalton.—CHaARLES
Kirk, Glasgow.
Note on Migrating Wild Dueks.—I occasionally see birds pass
the disc of the sun, or the moon, when I happen to be looking at
these bodies at certain times of the year. On the evening of 12th
September (time being eleven minutes past nine) I noted the most
satisfactory observation of this kind that I have ever made. I was
looking at the sunrise upon the mountains extending out into the
small unilluminated portion of the moon’s eastern hemisphere, when
a flock of birds passed across the moon in an instant. ‘They were
wild ducks, and nine, perhaps ten, were upon the disc at once.
The direction of flight was S.S.W. by S. The instrument I was
using is an 84-inch reflector, and the power I had on was 60. I
had about two-thirds of the moon’s image in view, and it filled
the whole field. A calculation of the distance and height of the
birds was in the circumstances rather difficult, depending almost
entirely upon estimation. Upon the whole, I think they would be
nearly five miles distant, and about 3000 feet high.—R. SERVICE,
Maxwelltown.
Velvet Seoter Inland.—On zoth October last I received a fine
old male Velvet Scoter (Gdemia fusca) that had been shot the
same morning by the side of the Nith below Dumfries, and some
five or six miles from the open firth. That it had not long left the
sea was shown by the fact that its stomach was crammed with
shells of Ze/Zina. I have known the Common Scoter to occasion-
ally visit the large inland lochs of Galloway just about the time of
the spring migration, but this is the first local occurrence inland of
the Velvet Scoter that I have met with.—R SERvicE, Maxwelltown.
Little Stint in the Island of Coll.—On making further inquiry
regarding the occurrence of Z7inga minuta in Coll, alluded to in the
last number of the “ Annals” (1901, p. 251), I find that they were
observed, and specimens obtained late in February, not in March
as previously stated. The keeper says he only saw them at one
place—the sandy beach of Crossapol.—L. H. Irpy, London.
Blaek-tailed Godwits in Tiree.—One shot in Tiree by Mr.
Peter Anderson was sent in the flesh in August. Mr. Anderson
writes me as follows :—“ Black-tailed Godwits are not at all very rare
in Tiree on migration. I see some of them nearly every year either
in spring or autumn, but I never see more than four together.
There were three in that party (two of them rusty on breast, the
other not rusty), out of which I shot the bird sent. It is one thing to
see Black-tailed Godwits, and quite another thing to get near enough
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES 51
to shoot them. ‘hey are extraordinarily shy and wary. They are
always on bare marshy ground, and they keep from 150 to 200
yards away from one, walking away feeding and watching all the time
that one does not get nearer them. ‘They keep calling ‘ Nape, nape’
to one another whilst feeding. I saw another lot of four, two or three
days after I shot the one sent. I watched them for over two hours.
They have a wild, eerie whistle when on the wing.”
In another letter Mr. Anderson speaks of the Bar-tailed Godwit
as very common on the sea-shore in flocks of ten to twenty birds or
more, but it ever leaves the sea-shore, and I have never seen a Bar-
tailed Godwit “inland, or ona marsh, or even on grass land ; whereas
the Black-tailed species never goes near the sea-shore. While in
Tiree the habits of the two species are entirely different. The Bar-
tailed Godwits are very confiding, while the Black-tailed species is
quite the reverse.”
“‘T spent some time watching a Black-tailed Godwit to-day (5th
September 1rg02)—a single bird, at the Faoil. It was rusty red on
neck, breast, and belly, except the vent, which was whitish. If I
had had my gun I could have shot it, as it passed, while feeding,
within 20 yards of where I was hiding.”—Joun A. Harvir-Brown.
Herring Gull capturing a Bat.—Between the Perth Museum
and the bridge over the river Tay is a favourite resort of Gulls of
various species. On 19th September, at noon, a foolish bat was dis-
porting himself near the bridge. A number of Herring Gulls were
present, and one of them flew at the Bat, but did not make a capture,
for the Bat dropped; a second Gull, however, swooped and took it
from the river, and made off with it—ALrx. M. RopceEr, Perth.
Pomatorhine Skua on the Nith.—On the morning of 29th
October last a fine young immature bird of this species was shot as
it passed Glencaple Quay, going up the Nith on the flood tide.
It was sitting on a carcase of the Herring Gull, which it was busy
devouring. I found its stomach gorged with Gull’s flesh and
feathers.—R. SERVICE, Maxwelltown.
Pomatorhine Skua at Loch Lomond.—On sth October an
immature female Pomatorhine Skua (Stercorarius pomatorhinus) was
found on the shore at Midrass, Luss, Loch Lomond, by Mr.
Colquhoun, which had been choked while endeavouring to swallow
a Powan (Coregonus clupeotdes) weighing 4 ounces.—CHARLES KIRK,
Glasgow.
Note on a Young Adder.—I have been interested in the
correspondence in the “ Annals” regarding the Adder ( Vipera berus)
in Scotland, in response to Dr. Leighton’s paper. And as, so far, no
information with regard to actual specimens appears to be forth-
coming of vipers measuring less than 15 inches, perhaps it is worth
while recording that I have a specimen, taken at Aberfoyle about the
52 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
end of May 1899, which is in perfect condition, being preserved in
diluted alcohol.
It measures just 94 inches long. ‘The colour, which has not
undergone any change, may be roughly described as a warm brown.
It could not by any stretch of imagination be called red, although I
daresay it is redder than the common adult forms. — ALBERT F.
Rosa, Edinburgh.
Mollusea observed at Stromness, Orkney.—The following is a
list of some land and fresh-water shells collected in the neighbour-
hood of Stromness, Mainland, Orkney, during the first week of Sep-
tember 1902. All except two, namely, . flwvzatilis and V. pellu-
cida, are new to the list for Orkney ; and they have in all cases been
identified by Mr. J. W. Taylor, to whom the discovery of Z.
radiatula among specimens forwarded is also due.
Neretina fluviatilis—Stennis Loch. Still abundant in this old
habitat and in comparatively salt water. All my specimens were
taken from stones among seaweed between Bridge of Waith and
Deepdale. ‘The round, opaque, whitish egg capsules were attached
to the shells in many cases; also seen crowding the cracks in
rows.
Limnea peregra.—Small field-drain entering sea about } mile
south-west of town. 87.
var. glabratus, Bab. 86, So.
R. Scheutzit, Lindeb. Published as a British form only in 1897.
Often abundant in Scotland (especially in the midland vice-
counties), less so in England. 73, 74, 75, 76, 86, 87, 88, 96,
97; 98, 99.
R. dumnoniensis, Bab. (1890). 97, 98, 100, TOI, 103, 106,
R. pulcherrimus, Neum. (1883). Often common; formerly named
umbrosus usually in Britain. 73, 74, 75, 76, 87, 88, 97, 98,
QO; 100, 101, LO3tO4 105, 110,472.
R. Lindebergit, P. J. Mueller. Used to be included with last in
Britain under “wmbrosus.” 75, 85, 87, 88.
R. villicaulis. The collective forms included under this name have
been recorded from numerous Scotch vice-counties.
subsp. willicaulis, Koehl., including var. 7zsu/aris, F. Aresch.
72, 84, 86, 87, 88, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, T00, 104, 105,
106, 107, 108, 110, (Sol 0s.
subsp. Selmer: (Lindeb.). 7350745. 75; 70;,045e0 On Ounce:
89, 96, 97; 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105,[77, 95, 106], 104.
subsp. calvatus, Blox. [105].
subsp. rhombifolius, Weihe. 87, [88, 110].
R. latifolius, Bab. 84, 88, (83, 89, 92, 97). -
R. imbricatus, Hort. [88, 89].
R. carpinifolius, Wh. and N. 97, 98, 103, 105, (93), [88, 89], 72,
LOO? ALO:
R. incurvatus, Bab. 74, 87, 88, 105, (76, 89, 110), (8%, 83, S4,
Sonntag).
he
R
SS Rr
Pv
PY PY PUN DD
MS Rh BD RP ADM DIBD BW
esis)
SCOTTISH RUBI 105
. gratus, Focke. 87, 99, 104, 110, [88], 89.
. ramosus, Briggs. [88, 89].
. thyrsoideus, Wimm. 93, [92].
. argentatus, P. J. Muell. 74.
. rusticanus, Merc. (£. discolor, auct.). Not frequent in Scotland.
74, 75, 89, 91, 100, 10.
. macrophyllus (agg.). Reported from 72, 81, 84, 86, 87, 88, 92,
95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 105, 106.]
macrophyllus, Wh. and N. 72, 76, 86, 87, 97, 98, 100, [81, 88,
89, 92, 95], 105.
subsp. Schlechtendalii (Weihe). 74, 98, 106, (84, 96), [87].
var. macrophylloides (Genev.). 88, 98.
var. amplificatus (Lees). (72, 88, 100), 89.
. Saltert, Bab. [88, 89.]
. Colemanni, Blox. [89. |
. Sprengelit, Weihe. 73, 74, [89].
. micans, Gran. and Godr. [88, 107].
. hirtifolius, M. and Wirtg. 96.
var. danicus, Focke. 74, 77, 86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 96, 97, 98,
103, 108, ? 102.
var. mollissimus, Rogers. 108 error.
. pyramidalis, Kalt. 74, 75, 87, 88, 96, 98, 100, 105, [89], 97
error, /V5 error.
. leucostachys, Schleich. 107, (81), 105.
. Boreanus, Genev. [97].
. cinerosus, Rogers (1896). 98.
. mucronatus, Blox. 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97,
3; 90; LOO, LOZ MOA EOS, LOO, 107, TiO n(oin oz, 1O2):
Gelertiz, Frider. 106.
anglosaxonicus, Gelert.
subsp. vaduloides, Rogers. 74.
. melanoxylon, M. and Wirtg. 75, 76, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 95,
96, 98.
. tnfestus, Weihe. 74, 75, 76, 86, 87, 88, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100,
(93), [72]
. Borrert, Bell Salter [74].
» Orejers, G. Jens. 86, 87, (88).
. vadula, agg. Not given in the “Handbook.” 72, 73, 80, 85,
89.
. raaula, eine: 74, 75, 81, OAsmos, SO, S7-,95,090) 92) OA, Ob
99; 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, [72, 73, 79, 83, 89, 91].
subsp. anglicanus, Rogers. 87, 99, 101.
subsp. echinatoides, Rogers. 84, 86, 87, 88, 92, [98].
subsp. sertzflorus (P. J. Muell). 76, 87, 98, 99, ror.
. echinatus, Lindl. 86, 99, (76, 81, 88, 89, 95).
. oigocladus, M. and Lefv.
var, Newbouldit (Bab.). 85.
106 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
k. Babingtonit, Bell-Salter, [89].
[R. Lejeunet, Wh. and N. 8g].
R. cavatifolius, P. J. Muell. [88?, 89].
R. “‘humifusus.” 72 and 87, “Top. Bot.”].
R. thyrsiger, Bab. [104].
R. foliosus, Wh. and N. 93, 94, 89.
R. rosaceus, Wh. and N. (88, 89), 110?
var. hystrix, Wh. and N. 74 [88, 89].
subsp. zfecundus, Rogers. 97, 99.
subsp. Purchasianus, Rogers. [91, 92].
R. Koehleri, Wh. and N. [87, 88, 89], 72, 73.
subsp., dasyphyllus, Rogers (var. pallidus, Bab.). 73, 74,
76, 87, 94, 98, 100 (72, 88, ? 89). |
R. plinthostylus, Geney. Very doubtful as Scotch [73].
R. serpens, Wh. and var. rivwlaris, M. and Wate [86].
Ri hirtus, Wand Key) 7 3i):
[ 2. saxicolus, P. J. Muell. 87.]
R. ochrodermis, A. Ley. 8o.
75:
R. dumetorum, Wh. and N., excluding the varieties named below.
106.
var. ferox, Weihe. 81.
var. britannicus, Rogers. 86, 87, 88.
var. diversifolius (Lindl.) (89, 106), [86].
var. tuberculatus, Bab. (88, 89), [86], (83 Sonntag).
var. fasciculatus, P. J. Muell. [88&, 89, 100].
K. corylfolius, Sia. ager, Fagan, 75, 76, Fyseotscodse oO;
87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 100, TOI, 104, 106, 107,
10g, 110, 83, 105.
var. Den Les) Free, SS, LOAM seri Aeag ya OO:
2, 94).
var. cyclophyllus, Lindeb. 75, 76, 93, 101, (74, 86, 89,
2, 100), [88].
. Balfourianus, Blox. 81, 108, (89), [88], 73, 107.
ncestus, WG. WA, 75, 10) 600,954, 85, SO Sy. OG: OI, LOos
S1, 83, 289.
. Saxatilis, L. 72-77, 79-81, 83, 85, 87-112, 36.
. chamemorus, L. 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
93,04, 95,, 90; 974100, 105, Tobs 07, LoS, Leos,
81, 99.
VP AH
OF;
92,
79,
[R. arcticus, L., was recorded in the “English Botany,” ed. 1, as found
on Ben-y-glo (89) and in Mull (103); but the records have
never been confirmed, and are believed to be due to error. |
In Hennedy’s “ Clydesdale Flora” (27 memoriam edition, 1878)
the following are mentioned in addition to the records given above.
They are not included with the latter owing to uncertainty as to
the
actual forms to which the records in the “Clydesdale Flora” refer,
ROSA PINIPINELLIFOLIA x RUBIGINOSA IN ABERDEEN 107
Some names are certainly used in a significance different from that
: : y g
given in Mr. Rogers’ “* Handbook.”
R. suberectus, And. 77, 100; R. affinis, W. and N. (as var. of
rhamnifolius), 86; R. Lindleianus, Lees (as var. of rhamnifolius),
773; &. tncurvatus, Bab. (as var. of rhamaztfolius), 98, 100; FR.
villicaulis, W. and N. (as var. of carpinifolius), 77, 100; “R.
carpinifolius, Blox.,” given as a synonym of “ wmbrosus, Arrh.,”
and thus very uncertain as to its true name, 77, 100; A. mac-
rophyllus, W. and N. (as a variety of “ R. discolor, W. and N.),
773 &. mucronatus, Blox. (as var. mucronulatus, Bor. of R.
carpinifolius, Blox.), 77; R. radula, Weihe (as a variety of
R. glandulosus, Bell), 77, 100; R. echinatus, Lindl. (as var.
rudis, Weihe, of R. glandulosus, Bell), 100; “R. glandulosus,
Bell,” 98, 100; 2. dumetorum, W. and N. var. diversifolius,
Lindl. (as a variety of R. carpintfolius, Blox.), 100; var.
tuberculatus, Bab. (as variety of R. carpintfolius), 76,77 3 LR.
Koehlert, W. and N. (as a variety of R. glandulosus, Bell), 76,
100 3 Aacsms 1. 76, °7°7.
In Sonntag’s ‘Flora of Edinburgh” (1894), the following are
mentioned in addition to those noted above, viz. R. suberectus, And.,
83, 85; 2. carpinifolius, Blox., 83, 85; 2. glandulosus, Bell, 82,
83, 86; R. echinatus, Lindl., 83; R. Koehlerit, W. and N., 83, 84,
301; 7. cesivs, 1.) 83%
In Mr..P. Ewing’s “The Glasgow Catalogue of Native and
Established Plants,” 1899, several forms are noted under districts
not noted above, a number of them with a query :—A. suderectus,
And., “75, Smith? 99, Watt?; &. Lindebergit, P. J. Muell, ‘‘ 100,
King?” ; &. willicaulis, Koehl., 77? 99 Watt, 101 Ewing?; &.
pubescens, Weihe, 103 Ewing ; 2. macrophyllus, W.and N., 102; 2.
rosaceus, W. and N., 97, 110?; &. Koehleri, W. and N., 98
King ?, 99 Watt?, 100?; var. dasyphyllus, Rogers (as pallidus,
Bab.), 992; “R. fusco-ater, Weihe,” 98 Druce?; 2. corylifolius,
sm, 98 King ?, 99 Watt r roz Ewing ?, 1oz Bwing: 2; A.
cestus, L., 77 Ewing ?, 97 Ewing ?, 98 King ?, 99 Watt ?, 100
King ?, ror Ewing, 1ro Somerville ?.
ROSA PINIPINELLIFOLIA x RUBIGINOSA
IN ABERDEENSHIRE.
By W. Barcuay.
IN the ‘Notes on Aberdeenshire Roses’ which appeared in
the “ Annals of Scottish Natural History” in January 1902,
108 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
there occurs on page 43 the following :—“ No. 69 from
near Turiff, appears to be very different. It puts me very
much in mind of R&R. penipinellifolia x rubiginosa ; but the
specimens are not sufficient to decide the matter, and there-
fore I reserve my opinion till I can see better specimens,
or, if possible, the bush itself.”
In July of last year, when staying at Keith, I took the
opportunity of journeying to see the bush in question.
Guided by directions from Professor Trail, I had no
difficulty in finding it on the Huntly road about two miles
from Turiff. A careful examination of its characters con-
vinced me that it was indeed what I had suspected, viz. the
hybrid R. penzpenellzfolia x rubiginosa. Moreover, the leaves
had a faint but decided sweet-briar odour not perceptible on
dried specimens. What rather surprised me was that I saw
neither R. rubzginosa nor R. pinipinellifolca in the neighbour-
hood. On proceeding about half a mile farther, I came to
a little hamlet, and on the bank just outside a garden I
found three other bushes of the same hybrid. This was
rather suspicious, and whilst returning next day by road to
Keith, I kept a good look-out, with the result that I saw, in
at least three gardens, the same rose actually in cultivation.
Moreover, I found it also being cultivated in two cases at
Keith, the cultivators in both cases imagining that it was
the real sweet-briar. It would seem, therefore, that the bush
which occurs on the roadside near Turiff must also be
an escape from cultivation, and that FR. pznzpinellifolia x
rubiginosa is still unknown in Aberdeenshire as a native
hybrid.
The question may be asked “Is this rose one which has
occurred in Nature and has been taken into cultivation, or
is it one which has been formed by the agency of man?”
There can be no doubt that the hybrid does occur in
Nature, for on the bank of the Tay below Caputh bridge,
where I found it in 1897, it was growing beside its parents,
and was undoubtedly a natural occurrence. But as to its
origin in Aberdeenshire I know nothing. Possibly further
research may throw some light upon the matter.
Comparing the Aberdeenshire with the Caputh hybrid,
there does not seem to be any very material difference.
SOME SCOTTISH MOSSES 109
The former formed a taller and more luxuriant bush,
probably from growing in better soil. Its leaflets are on
the average larger, and it was loaded with an extraordinary
crop of flower-buds, many of which came off in my fingers
whilst examining them. Owing to the lateness of the
season, not many flowers were expanded at the time of my
visit. Those which I saw, however, were smaller than in
the case of the Caputh rose, and unlike the latter, seemed
not to open out more than half. The sepals in the
Aberdeenshire form are larger and more appendiculate
than in the Caputh form, and that seems to be the most
important distinction. In all essential points, however, the
two forms may be said to be identical.
I should be glad to receive any information as to this
rose as a cultivated plant.
SOME SCOTTISH MOSSES:
By Dr. JAmes Stirton, F.L.S., ETc.
IN order to enable me the better to continue my efforts
towards the determination of mosses in a barren state, I
paid, in August of last year, another visit to Tarbert in
Harris, mainly for the purpose of securing specimens in
proper condition. This I succeeded in doing in only one
instance, while I added little or nothing to its Moss-Flora.
I picked up a few stems of Barbiula cirrhifolia (Sch.) = Mollia
hibernica (Mvtt.) growing intermingled with A/ypuum pro-
vectum, described in these “Annals” for April 1902. I
reckon this Hypuum distinct from any form of 47. molluscum,
with which I had, for many years, identified it. It differs in
the pale perichetium, in the long arcuate capsules both in a
young and mature state, in being on a much larger scale, in
being prostrate and rooting as it extends along the sub-
stratum, in the irregular branching, bearing, in this respect,
much the same relationship to A. molluscum that H. falcatum
does to HZ. commutatum, lastly in the large proportion of the
leaves being corrugated transversely. In typical specimens,
110 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
especially in those from Tarbert, nearly all the leaves are
more or less corrugated or undulated.
There was also detected a patch of Campylopus mela-
phanus, described in the “Annals” for January 1899.
Accordingly its area of growth is, in all likelihood, rather
a wide one. The following description may be reckoned
supplementary to the original. The leaves are shortly
acuminated, the apex bluntish, very often slightly cucullate
and toothed as well as blackened along with the nerve.
Near the base the large quadrate cells with thick walls,
which also become quickly blackened as well as the nerve,
are characteristic features. The structure of the nerve is
somewhat peculiar. The cells of the anterior row enlarge
downwards, until near the base they often show a diameter
of 17 w. The stereid cells show abundantly on the posterior
aspect of the second row of cells, although they are rarely
absent anteriorly. The constant presence of the posterior
bulging cells downwards, even to the middle of the leaf, is
another peculiarity.
I have still another Campylopus from Tarbert, and, I
may add, from Lewis, although the specimens from the latter
place are less typical. The peculiarity in this plant is that
the nerve is lost below the apex.
CAMPYLOPUS LEUCOPHAUS, 7. sp.— Tufts very dense,
from one to two inches in height, green above with a pale-
white belt beneath, varying in breadth, at times extending
nearly to the base, at others occupying only a fourth of the
whole, below fuscous ; stems slender, simple or sparsely
dichotomously divided, interspersed with pale or reddish
radicles ; leaves straight, nearly appressed to the stem or
spreading slightly, broadly lanceolate, tapering, bluntish at
apex, which is hairless but toothed, at times roundish and
scarcely toothed, concave almost tubular from the middle
upwards, margin plane; nerve from a third to a half the
breadth of the leaf near the base, tapering and vanishing
below the apex, thin, about 32 mw thick, composed of an
anterior row of small irregular cells, 4 to 6 w diameter, more
constant below, of a middle row of regular cells, pellucid,
5 to 9 w diameter, of a third row of very small cells, of
bulging posterior cells in the upper third, diminishing down-
SOME SCOTTISH MOSSES III
wards from 8 to 5 yw, ultimately merging into the posterior
elevated and depressed series of cells, of large groups of
stereid cells behind and between the middle row, but of much
smaller groups in front of the same row; scarcely any alar
groups of cells present, but when seen, composed of small
groups of hexagonal hyaline cells with thin walls; central
basal cells oblong, pellucid, 20 to 28 by I0 to 12 yw, in
2 to 5 rows, shorter outwards, bluntly rhomboid, and near
margin of 4 to 8 rows of narrow cells, but not so narrow as
usual, viz. 4 to 5 w broad, upwards more narrowly rhomboid
or even triangular, 20 to 27 by 6 to 8 yp, in upper third
of leaf and extending to apex, cells oval, 8 to 13 by 6
to 8 pw.
This moss shows a section of the nerve as having a
general resemblance to that of C. drevzpzlus, but the posterior
bulging cells are well developed. In much the greater pro-
portion of the specimens, the back of the leaf in the upper
third shows pellucid tubercles.
In September of last year, I picked up near Killin
another Campylopus rather densely tufted, having stems about
an inch in length, of a dark green above with a peculiar
glossy sheen (rather unusual), dingy brown or blackish below,
and sparsely interspersed with slender reddish radicles. The
leaves are slenderly acuminated and slightly falcate above,
toothed pretty far down the margin, and with pellucid teeth
on the back of the nerve in the same region, much as C.
Shaw. As, however, the constitution of the nerve is very
nearly that of C. fleruosus (although it is a little broader) as
well as the general areolation, this moss can only be reckoned
as a divergence from the latter towards C. Shawz. As I
am anxious to record such transitions, I shall meanwhile
name this C. flexuosus, var. subnitedus.
In August last Leptotrichum flexicaule was got in fruit
in two places near Killin, in one by Mr. D. Haggart, in the
other by myself. So far as I am aware, this is the first
record of this comparatively common moss in a fertile con-
dition in Great Britain.
As is well known, the areolation of this moss is very
dense. The cells near the central base, which are very
generally the largest in any moss, vary only from 15 to
112 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
28 by 5 to 7 w, and with only a few rows of this character
in the present instance, while those above are very minute,
viz. from 5 to 8 uw, diameter. During a search for additional
corroboration of the cell-formation of this moss, I came
across specimens gathered on the mainland of Orkney in
1886. Although comparatively common there, the most
typical tufts were got in a boggy place, which, in such a
moist climate, must remain more or less moist throughout
the year. The specimens gathered were of much the usual
size, but the areolation is quite different and distinct.
LEPTOTRICHUM INFUSCATUM, 7. sp—Rather densely
tufted, pale green above, rusty red below, from one to three
inches in height ; stems strong, simple or sparingly branched,
and only sparingly radiculose, undulating, undulations longer
than usual; leaves from a clasping, slightly dilated base
with, very often, a projecting bluntish point near the middle,
erect in a dry or wet state, longly and narrowly lanceolate
subulate, twisted in the upper half, not secund; central
basal cells very long, undulating in outline, narrow, with
numerous osculating pores between opposite cells in the
lowest third of the leaf, 60 to 90 by 5 to 7 mp, outwards
cells quickly shorter until near the margin, 15 to 20 by 5 yp.
This relationship of the central and marginal cells is retained
for more than a half of the leaf, the central cells retaining
the cylindrical form far up, although becoming shorter, viz.
18 to 24 by 4 w; nearer the apex the cells are small and
oval; nerve indefinite near base and flat, about 70 w broad
or + the breadth of the basal portion, appearing, however,
broader in thin cross section, longly excurrent ; margin
incurved above base for a considerable distance, plane else-
where with rather strong pellucid teeth in upper fourth.
Structure of nerve shows much as in Campylopus brevipilus.
Curiously enough, specimens with the usual minute areola-
tion were found close to those described above.
Last year two new stations for Lryum barbatum were
discovered, the one on Craig Chailleach, the other on King’s
Seat, both in the Breadalbane Range of mountains. Four
stations for this Brywm are now known. The station on
King’s Seat (discovered by Mr. D. Haggart) was in close
apposition to that for another curious Aryum, indeed single
SOME SCOTTISH MOSSES 113
stems of Lryum barbatum were detected amongst those of the
other moss, showing distinctly even to the naked eye.
BRYUM LEPTALEUM, 2. sp.—Tufts compact, one inch
in height or a little more, bright green above, rich red or
rather a wine-red colour below, densely matted with strong,
papillose, red radicles; stems very slender and fragile,
simple or dichotomously branched, leaves rather laxly dis-
posed, spreading a little when wet, laxly accumbent when
dry but not twisted, broadly or rather roundly and shortly
ovate, a little decurrent, very concave, abruptly extended
into a fine, tapering, greenish, slightly reflexed acumen
(length 14 to 20 p), length of leaf 75 pw, or including the
acumen 9O yp, breadth 60 uy, rarely of greater dimensions ;
margin plane or slightly platter-shaped below, entire ; nerve
tapering upwards, breadth near base about 35 mw, reaching
only rather more than half the length of leaf; areolation
near base oblong or oblongo-hexagonal, 40 to 50 by 16 to
20 mp, near apex smaller, more distinctly hexagonal, 32 to 40
by 16 pw, marginal, in one, at times two rows, longer but
scarcely narrower except near the apex where they are
about 12 yw broad; all cells chorophyllose. Structure of
leaf very thin and delicate.
This moss, I need scarcely say, differs from 4. barbatum
in the shape of the leaf, size, etc. (that of the latter is twice
the length of the other, its areolation larger), in the nerve,
which is excurrent, and in the disposition of the leaves
round the stem.
The leaf of Plagiobryum Zieriz bears a resemblance to
that of the present moss, but in the former the nerve
vanishes just at base of apex which is short, and it has
larger nearly colourless areolation. The whole habit of P.
Zierit is besides quite different.
The next moss is also due to Mr. D. Haggart who
discovered it on Ben Lawers in July 1902. It may be
said to be almost a hybrid between Decranum fuscescens and
D. Starkit or D. Blyttiz,
DICRANUM MEDIELLUM, 2%. sf—The perigonium is
always close to the perichetium, except in one instance,
where it was found in the axil of the fourth or fifth leaf
46 E
114 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
below. Tufts lax and indefinite, stems simple or slightly
branched, rather more than half an inch long; leaves laxly
disposed below, nearly straight, rather broad near the base,
lanceolate, shortly acuminate, lengthening upwards and
forming at the summit a somewhat uncinate cluster, slightly
clasping below; margin plane but leaf incurved in the
middle, less so upwards; margin and back of nerve, in
upper third or more, sharply serrated as in D. fuscescens,
the pellucid teeth on the back from 5 to 7 w in height, in
older leaves these serratures are at times apt to collapse as
in the deciduous leaves of Dizcranodontium longirostre or
even in Dicranum fuscescens itself; auricles not well defined
small, of brownish quadrate cells; central basal areolation
long and narrow, 50 to 75 by 6 to 9 p, outwards broader,
marginal much shorter, upwards ultimately small, quadrate,
rhomboid or even triangular, 7 to 11 w long, much as in
Dicranum fuscescens. The upper cells of D. Starkiz are on
the contrary oblong, 18 to 26 by 6 to 8 w. Nerve narrow,
broadening a little upwards, excurrent ; seta reddish, long
and strong, capsule oblong, curved, scarcely strumose, rather
annular at the base, smooth, slightly striated when old, lid
reddish, conico-rostrate scarcely half the length of capsule,
peristome red, teeth longly acuminate, split to middle or
more, barred and minutely papillose; basilar membrane
narrow ; spores reddish-brown, spherical, smooth, 12 to
16 » diameter.
DICRANUM INTERLUDENS, z. sf.—Loosely tufted, stems
generally simple, at times bifurcate, red ; lower leaves spread-
ing shorter, elongating upwards, uppermost aggregated into
a secund almost cuspidate bundle, lanceolate acuminate,
margin plane but the leaf inflexed about the middle or
almost tubular, entire except near the apex where it is
serrated and shows a few scattered teeth on the back in
the same region; nerve slender much as in D. palustre,
near base from 60 to 80 yw broad, tapering upwards and
ending (apparently) at the acute apex, thin 30 to 35 yp thick,
slightly convex on the back, smooth and nearly plane in
front, composed of a middle row of oval cells, 5 to 9 pw
across, and a posterior row of minute cells with numerous
stereids on both sides of middle row; near apex nerve on
SOME SCOTTISH MOSSES 115
the back slightly nodular, and presenting a somewhat
rectangular outline in cross section much as in LD. palustre,
auricles large well developed, of large oblong cells with thick
walls, yellow or reddish yellow ; cells in lowest half or less,
long, cylindrical, undulating on surface owing to the presence
of numerous osculating pores, lateral as well as apical, 50
to 70 by 7 to II yp, above, the cells become rapidly smaller
and ultimately are rhomboid, bluntly quadrate, triangular or
even oval, 14 to 20 by 9 to 13 yw, becoming smaller as the
apex is approached.
The leaves of this moss are long, not much shorter than
those of YD. majus, but the areolation differs from that of any
of the group of which D. majus may be taken as the type.
Unfortunately I have very little of this curious moss, and I
do not care to make further dissections, as I wish to preserve
the few stems left intact. The leaves are much more acute
than in D. palustre, to which it is closely allied, especially
through the constitution of the nerve; but the areolation is
quite heterogeneous and differs accordingly from that of
D. palustre and of the other species of this section of the
Dicrana, inasmuch as their areolation may be said to be
nearly uniform throughout. The only other moss with
which this can be associated is D. congestum, but the
differences of both the lower and upper cells are manifest,
inasmuch as the lower cells are those of D. palustre and the
upper more nearly approach those of LD. fuscescens. Ben
Lawers, 1865.
The occurrence in my herbarium of several specimens of
what I have named TJortula recurvifolia, now inserted under
the genus Larbula, and named by Dr. Braithwaite B. reflera,
has induced me to institute renewed research concerning it,
more especially as the tufts from Ben Lawers show decided
differences from the others. Those from this mountain,
where it is comparatively common, are of a tawny-yellow
instead of the light-brown colour, assumed ultimately by the
others in the herbarium. The habit of the plant is also
different, as it is on a larger scale and accordingly coarser,
and the tufts laxer and much more straggling. The leaves
are longer and slightly contracted at the base, and the areola-
tion at central base is quite different from that of the others,
116 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
long and narrowly cylindrical, 40 to 65 by 4 to 6 pw, and
these long cells continue far up the pagina on its central
aspect, while near the margin the cells are abruptly changed
into those seen in the upper part of the leaf, viz. roundish,
separate, and distinct, and their size as much as half as
large again as those in the normal form, 8 to 12 w; pagina
unistratose ; the nerve soon becomes red, is about 55 pu
broad, and continues of this breadth for three-fourths up,
afterwards it narrows and ends either just below the apex
or is prolonged into it, prominent on the back and slightly
convex in front, so as to render a cross section broadly
elliptical or nearly circular in outline, with a row, in the
centre, of 3 to 5 pellucidcellsno to 13 ju diameter, and
rows of minute cells on either side of the central row, which
however, near the apex, degenerate into one row on each
side; large hemispherical papilla (4 to 6 w in height) cover
both surfaces of the nerve as well as both aspects of the
pagina, while the margin is merely crenulate or, at times,
entire: the margin is closely reflexed to near apex and, near
the middle of the leaf, reflexed as much as 60 yp. In the
other specimens the papillae are minute, scarcely half the
height and usually bigeminate. I may mention also that
the whole areolation of the Lawers’ specimens is of a fulvous-
yellow, even to the base. Although this moss is barren, I
am persuaded that the differences indicated are of sufficient
significance to warrant specific distinction. Accordingly I
give this moss the name, Larbula chlorophana.
Rhacomitrium microcarpum has turned up in two places
near Killin, and, in all likelihood, Dzdymodon luridus, on
rocks partially covered with earth. As the latter has only
been seen in a sterile condition, I fear to pronounce definitely
concerning it, as the areolation is scarcely of a sufficiently
distinctive character.
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES.
Melanie Mountain Hare in Roxburghshire.—FEarly in March I
received a black variety of the Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus) for
preservation, which had been shot near Galashiels. It is the first
black specimen of this animal that I have ever seen.—ROBERT
SMALL, Edinburgh.
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES 117
Pine Marten in the Highlands.—In January 1903 | saw a
magnificent male Marten (AZwste/a martes) in Mr. Small’s possession,
which he told me came from the neighbourhood of Lairg, East
Sutherland. He received it on the 6th December 1902. I do
not know the ultimate resting-place of this unusually fine specimen.
On 8th March 1903 I received a good female from Assynt,
West Sutherland, trapped at Little Assynt on the 6th March, and
the following day a male was captured at the same place. In
Assynt one keeper trapped one in 1881, two in 1882, three in
1883, then one in 1886, and none since. On adjoining ground,
however, one was obtained about three years ago—say, 1900 or the
winter of 1899-1900. In Coygeach five Martens were procured in
the winter of rg01-02. Previous to that there had not been one
trapped for fifteen years, and the same trapper had got the last one
the year before that.—J. A. HArvir-Brown.
Poleeats in the Highlands.—In Jan. 1903 I saw two Polecats
in Mr. Small’s premises, which he told me were sent to him from
near Lairg, East Sutherland. They were both males, and he
received the first on the 4th December 1902, and the second on
the 16th December 1902.
Mr. Small also received a third Polecat, also a male, from Loch
Inver, on the roth January 1903, which has been purchased by the
authorities of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, and has
been added to the National Collection. From West Sutherland
I have received a male Polecat which had been trapped upon croft-
ing land at Inchnadamph. I had previously obtained a female, by
purchase, which had been trapped by the gamekeeper on Auch-
more, about two miles west of Inchnadamph. The male was
obtained on the 14th October, and the female about a year
before. I may add that between 1880 and 1889 (inclusive)
seven had been obtained in all at Inchnadamph, Assynt, and
between 1890 and 1899 (inclusive) eighteen were procured.—
J. A. Harvie-Brown.
Cream-coloured Otter in Islay.—On the 7th of March this year
there was captured at Kildalton, Islay, and sent to me for preserva-
tion, a cream-coloured Otter (Zura /utra). The specimen was a
male and weighed 17% lbs.—Cuar.es Kirk, Glasgow.
Bird Notes from North Shetland.—On 16th November last I
saw two Red Grouse (Lagopus scoticus) on the West Hills, Unst.
On November 23rd an Arctic Skua (.Stercorarius crepidatus) of the
dark variety flew over my head as I was riding through Haroldswick.
Several others were reported to me from different parts of Shetland
about the same time, and up till 6th December.
A few Lapwings (Vanel/us vulgaris) were seen by me and others
118 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
between 22nd November and 30th December. I saw one again on
8th January.
Many Woodcock (Scolopax rusticula) in south end of Unst, be-
tween 20th November and 4th December. Many also reported
close to Lerwick.
Redbreast (Zrithacus rubecula). A few here and there since
8th December.
Iceland Gull (Larus leucopterus). One, a male, brought to me on
12th December. Several others seen.
Whooper Swan (Cygnus musicus). A party of nine flew over
my stable in a S.W. direction, time 8.30 a.M., 18th December.
They rested for a few minutes on a small sheet of water about a mile
away, but being disturbed, rose and flew off to the southward.
Chaffinches (77ingilla celebs) and Snow Buntings (Plectropenax
nivalis) have not been nearly so plentiful this winter as in former
years. .
Little Auks (AZergudus alle), Razorbills (Adca ‘¢orda), and Com-
mon Guillemots (U7za ¢voile) have come to land in great numbers
since 16th January ; the heavy storms have been too much for them.
On 20th February I came suddenly upon a Song Thrush
(Turdus musicus), which was taking shelter from a hail-storm on the
lee side of a stone dyke. These birds are very scarce here ; I have
only seen, I think, three examples.
A Moorhen (Gadlinula chloropus), an immature male, was caught
alive and brought to me on 25th February. It was rather curious
to note how the chloroform, with which I killed the bird, completely
bleached the colour out of the beak.
A Snowy Owl (Wyctea scandiaca), first seen on 5th March, is still
haunting the district. This owl is becoming exceedingly rare. Owls
of all kinds have been conspicuous by their absence this winter,
quite a contrast to last winter, when they were exceptionally abund-
ant.—T. EpMoNDsON Saxpy, Unst, Shetland.
A curious incident regarding a Kingfisher.—On the 15th of
January a young man brought me a Kingfisher, which he obtained
in a remarkable way. He was walking by the bank of the Tay at
the Friarton—just below the harbour—when something touched
him on the back of his cap. He put up his hand, and feeling some-
thing fluffy, which gave a slight struggle, he grasped it, and found
it to be a Kingfisher. Just before this he had his attention drawn
to a rustling in an alder bush, but did not stop to inquire into the
cause. As he made the capture a hawk, which had evidently been
after the Kingfisher, flew off and made for Kinnoull.— ALEXANDER
M. RopceEr, Perth.
Pale variety of the Shag.—A remarkable variety of the Shag
(Phalacrocorax graculus), showing a decided tendency to albinism, .
ZOOLOGICAL NOTES 119
was obtained near Tarbet, Harris, on the 23rd of February last. I
sent the specimen on to Mr. Harvie-Brown, and by him it was
sent to the Edinburgh Museum, where it may be seen as a mounted
specimen.—ROoBERT SINCLAIR, North Harris.
[This specimen—a female—may be described as being white,
washed with rufous or brownish buff. The white largely predomin-
ates on the under surface, secondaries, wing coverts, and tail. ‘The
brownish-buff prevails on the upper surface and flanks. The feathers
of the back are deeper brown on their margins, producing that
scaled appearance which is characteristic of the plumage of the
mantle. The neck, breast, and abdomen are slightly flecked with
sandy-buff. The irides are pink; the feet, toes, and webs bright
orange yellow ; and the bill reddish-brown.—Ebs. |
Canada Geese in the Outer Hebrides.—At the end of February
there were shot in South Uist two Canada Geese (Bernicla canadensts),
an adult and an immature male. I believe these to be genuine wild
birds. ‘They were wilder than even the White-fronted Geese, and
much more difficult to approach, as they keep as a rule on the low
muddy flats during the daytime. Mr. Bisshopp, to whom they were
sent for preservation, tells me that he has never had this species
before, so that they must be rare on the West Coast. Several other
Canada Geese are still here (13th March).—DonaLp GUTHRIE,
South Uist.
Bean Goose in Outer Hebrides.—On 21st March 1903 I
received for inspection a very fine specimen of the Bean Goose, in
the flesh, from South Uist, along with the accompanying information:
‘‘There were three of them about for some time and very wary. As
a rule they kept to the highest hillocks, but before a great hail-
storm I happened to spot them among some rushes with the tele-
scope, and after a wet crawl I got one of them.” The bird weighed
7% lbs., and is being mounted for Sir Reginald Cathcart’s collec-
tion.—J. A. HAaRvIE-BROWN.
Little Gull in Clyde.—My correspondent, Mr. Charles Berry,
informs me that on the 16th of December last he shot a Little Gull
(Larus minutus) near Lendalfoot in the south of Ayrshire. Only
two records of the occurrence of this species exist for the Clyde area,
as far as I know, and they are both old.—Joun Parerson, Glasgow.
Supposed occurrence of Larus melanocephalus at Perth.—
About the end of January last I saw a Gull on the South Inch here
like Z. rédibundus, in adult plumage, but without black tips to the
primaries. At the time I thought it merely a variety of our common
Black-headed Gull, but as gulls are not subject to much variation in
plumage, I now think that the bird was an example of the Mediter-
ranean L. melanocephalus, whose wings are not tipped with black.
Unfortunately I did not look for any other distinguishing char-
120 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
acteristic of melanocephalus, as the probability of the bird being an
example of this rare species in Britain did not occur to me at the
time. The bird not having been obtained, its identity must remain
a matter of conjecture.—T. G. LarpLaw, Perth.
Richardson’s Skua wintering in Shetland.— During the present
season, as my friend Mr. Thomas Bowie, Mossbank, informs me, a
few Richardson’s Skuas (Stercorarius crepidatus) have wintered in
Yell Sound. In his last letter, dated 16th January, he records the
occurrence of single birds up to the previous day, 15th January.
The importance of this note lies in the fact that Richardson’s Skua
is usually considered as merely a summer visitor to Shetland. Its
movements, no doubt, largely depend on those of the Arctic Tern and
Kittiwake, upon whose energies it relies for its food-supply ; Arctic
Terns left on zoth September, but large numbers of Kittiwakes—
especially immature birds—have remained in Yell Sound throughout
the winter.—RosBerT GopFrREY, Edinburgh.
Helix lamellata, /e/., in Midlothian, and Planorbis spirorbis,
Mill., in Fife.—By searching among withered beech leaves in
Bilston Glen, a few miles south of Edinburgh, on 6th February
last, I obtained a dozen specimens of /e/ix /amellata, an interesting
addition to the county list of land shells; indeed, the only other
record for lower Forth is one by myself for Yester in East Lothian
(‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.,” 1897, p. 47). On 11th February I found
Flanorbis spirorbis rather commonly in flood refuse on the banks
of the Orr water, near Thornton ; seems to be first record for Fife. —
WituiAM Evans, Edinburgh.
Chelifer (Chernes) tullgreni, S¢vavd, in Seotland.—In the
tgo1 vol. of this Magazine (pp. 216 and 241) a Pseudoscorpion
found by Mr. Godfrey under stones on a rocky piece of ground
near Bo'ness, Linlithgowshire, was recorded under the name of
Chernes phaleratus (E. Simon). Not being quite satisfied with the
identification, I subsequently submitted a specimen to M. Simon,
who replied that it was not his Chelifer phaleratus, but probably C.
minutus, Edy. Ellingsen, described in 1896 (“ Kristiania Vidensk.—
Selskabs Forhandl.”) from Norway. I then sent it to Mr. Ellingsen,
who wrote me that it differed in several respects, which he clearly
set forth, from the type of his species, and suggested that it was
probably a form described (but not named) by Alb. Tullgren in
1899 (‘ Entomologisk Tidskrift”) from Sweden, and to which Emb.
Strand in 1900 (“ Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskab.”) gave the name
Cheltfer tullgrent. 1 therefore next sent the specimen, and another
taken by myself in the same locality in May last, to Mr. Tullgren,
who, after comparing them with his type, considers they belong to
the same species. With commendable caution he adds: “That
this species is a new one I dare not affirm for the present.” Two
BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEWS 121
specimens, apparently of the same form, were got by Mr. Godfrey
in May last, near Aberdour, Fife.—W1_Li1aAm Evans, Edinburgh.
Callidium sanguineum, Z., in Edinburgh.—During the early
part of last summer (1902) a number (ten) of specimens of this
beautiful beetle were obtained in the wood-yard belonging to Messrs.
Morrison and Co., cabinetmakers, at Gorgie Road, Edinburgh.—
ANDREW Paterson, Edinburgh.
[Mr. Paterson has very kindly presented three specimens of this
interesting species to the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.
He informs us that the wood upon which the insect was found was,
he believes, ash. According to Fowler’s “ Coleoptera of the British
Islands,” Cal/idium sanguineum is very rare, having been previously
recorded only from London, North Wales, Exeter, and Plaistow.
As a Scotch insect it has, we fear, no claim to be called a native,
but it is nevertheless interesting to hear of its occurrence even as an
introduction.—P. H. G.]
BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEWS.
Plants on Serpentine in Cabrach Parish, Banffshire. —The
following plants were seen on or near the Serpentine Rocks at Scores
of the Blackwater, in the Duke of Richmond’s deer forest in Cabrach
Parish, Banffshire, about 2500 feet. This place had evidently not
been botanised in the late Professor Dickie’s time.
Cochlearia officinalis, Zz77.
Polygala serpyllacea, Wezche.
Silene maritima, Wrthering.
Cerastium alpinum, Zin.
Arenaria verna, Zizz.
Rubus saxatilis, Zz.
Rubus Chamemorus, Zzzz.
Armeria maritima, IV2//d.
Narthecium ossifragum, //wds., in wet places.
Festuca serpentini, /Vz/son, peculiar form of Festuca.
Asplenium viride, //uds.
Lastrea dilatata, Pres/.
Polypodium vulgare, Zz.
Lycopodium Selago, Zzz.
Lycopodium alpinum, Zz.
W. Witson, Alford, Aberdeenshire.
Aliens at Carolina Port, Dundee.—It may be as well to note
the occurrence of the following aliens, which were gathered at
Carolina Port, Dundee, by Mr. James Aimer, and sent to me for
identification, viz., Szsymbrium pannonicum, Jacq.; Lepidium per-
122 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
foliatum, Lin.; Lepidium ruderale, Vin.; Erysimum cheiranthoides,
Lin. ; Plantago Psyllium, Lin.—W. Barciay.
East Sutherlandshire Notes.—There is little doubt that the
Golspie Polygala is P. oxyptera, Reichb., var. col/ina, Reichb.
Mr. F. Townsend names some Eyebrights which I gathered at
Golspie last August, as follows :—Z. curta, Fries., var. g/abrescens, and
E. brevipila, Burn. and Gremli.
Corrections in my paper in “ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.,” Jan. 1903,
p- 40 (of which I saw no proof) :—For “ Fraxinus rotundifolia” read
“ Fraxinus excelsior” ; and on p. 38, under “ Lychuis alba x dioica,”
instead of ‘Noticed by the Rev. E. S. Marshall at Tongue, and
brought by him to me. New to Britain in name, but specimens
from Berkshire were distributed through the Exchange Club by me
in 1892,” read “Noticed by the- Rev. E. S. Marshall, Tongue (see
“Journ. Bot.” 1900, p. 266), and thought by him to be new to Britain
in name. But specimens from Berkshire so named were distributed
by me through the Exchange Club in 1892.”—G. C. DRUCE.
Methods helpful in studying and preserving Fungi.—A valuable
contribution to this subject is contained in the Presidential Address
of Professor H. Marshall Ward to the British Mycological Society at
its meeting in Exeter in 1902 (Trans. B. M. Soc.,” March 1go2,
pp. 166-178). In it are treated methods of preserving fungi large
and small, dry and in fluids, of preparing them for microscopic
examination, including staining and section-cutting, and of cultivat-
ing the fungi under conditions to prevent admixture with other forms
and to secure their healthy growth.
New Scottish Fungi.—The following have been recently recorded
in journals :—Humaria carneola, Wint., on living moss, Sutherland-
shire; and Microsphera Baumleri, P. Magn., “on Vicia sylvatica,
New Pitsligo” (probably for Aberdour, N. Aberdeenshire, as
V. sylvatica is locally abundant there, but not at New Pitsligo—
J. W. H. T.), both recorded by E. S. Salmon (‘Quekett Micr. Journ.,”
ser. 2, vii. pp. 371-372, pl. xx.); Sporormia fimetaria, de Not., on
cow-dung, Aboyne, G. Massee and E. S. Salmon (“ Ann. of Bot.,” xv.
p. 347, pl. xvii. f. 19); Zhelephora vitellina, Plowr., on dead fir
wood, Boat of Garten, Aug. 1901 ; and Polyporus flavo-virens, Berk.
and Ray., under Pizus sylvestris, Boat of Garten, Sept. 1900 (“ Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc.,” March 1902, pp. 199-200).
Late Blossoming.—In looking over my notebook for the past
season I have found two entries of late blossoming which may be
interesting :—
Sept. 21, 1902.—Cairneyhill, Fifeshire. Saw a single spray of
hawthorn blossom perfectly fresh. The spray itself with rather greener
leaves than the rest of the hedge.
October 6.—Mountain Cross, near West Linton (3 miles). A
hedge of privet in full bloom. Some of the flowers had turned
BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEWS 123
brownish, but many were newly out, and there was no trace of
berries. —JAMES WATERSTON.
Viola Pesneaui (Rowy and Foucaud) in Seotland.—This is the
Pansy which I recorded as V. Curtisi/, from the Torr Sands in
Wigtownshire, in this Journal, 1899, p. 32. Mr. E. G. Baker has
kindly identified it, and he puts it under V. Curtesii as a variety.—
G. C. DRUCE.
Utricularia ochroleuea, &. Harim., in “Botaniska Notiser,”
35, 1857.
U. brevicornis, Celak., ‘‘Oest. Bot. Zeitschr.,” 253, 1886.
U. intermedia, Hayne, sub-sp. ochroleuca, Lange, “ Handb. Danske
Tl? 2A Oo 7
This plant, formerly supposed to be confined to Sweden and
Norway, has been found in Finland, Denmark, Germany, and
Bohemia, and has been described as a species by Celakovsky (Zc) ;
but Ascherson pointed out that it was the same as R. Hartman’s plant.
The object of this note is to ask botanists who may visit the
Isle of Skye to gather any Utricularias, especially near Broadford.
In this difficult genus specimens without flowers are almost im-
possible to determine with certainty ; but I possess a delicate speci-
men, gathered by Mr. Symers Macvicar in Skye, that I think may
prove to be the above species, though at present this can hardly be
called more than a surmise. I have beautiful specimens of the
Swedish plant, gathered by R. Hartman himself, e Zoco classico, and
sent me by Dr. Otto Nordstedt.
In the ‘Trans. Bot. Soc.” of Edinburgh, 110-112, 1894, the Rev.
E. F. Linton called attention to several specimens of the genus in
the Edinburgh Herbarium, as well as others, and urged the collect-
ing of specimens.
The specimens gathered by the Rev. E. S. Marshall at “ Moss
of Inschock” I quite think must be referred to U. Bremi, Heer.
With regard to size and development, the species vary greatly, and
Prahl. describes a f. gigantea of U. neglecta, Lehm., over three feet
long (“ FI. Schleswig-Holstein,” 173, 1890).
British specimens of meg@ecta (G. Nicholson and Beckwith) may
be referable to the var. macroptera, G. Briickner (‘“ Arch. Fr. Nat.
Meck.,” vii. 234).
“Fl, Danica,” t. 1262, has been cited for U. zutermedia, Hayne,
and was so by Lange at p. 42 of “Nom. FI. Dan.,” 1887; but at
p. 170 he refers it to ochroleuca.
One would suppose it would be very difficult to detect hybrids
between these plants, but Melander has described a U. “toralis =
U. ochroleuca x intermedia (“ Bot. Notiser,” 175, 1887). Madauss has
described a U. spectabilis (“ Arch. Ver. Fr, Nat. Mecklb.,” xxvi. pp. 49-55;
1873) which Ascherson and Graebner (“ Fl. d. Nord. Flachlander,”
650, 1899) make merely a synonym of weg/ecta.—A. BENNETT.
124 ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
CURRENT LITERATURE.
The Titles and Purport of Papers and Notes relating to Scottish Natural
History which have appeared during the Quarter—January-March 1903.
[The Editors desire assistance to enable them to make this Section as complete as
possible. Contributions on the lines indicated will be most acceptable and
will bear the initials of the Contributor. The Editors will have access to the
sources of information undermentioned. ]
ZOOLOGY.
NoTEs FROM ABERDEEN, January to February. W. Wilson.
Zoologist (March 1903), p. 108. Refers to the Snow Bunting,
Bullfinch, Lapwing, and Lark.
COLLECTING IN ROSS-SHIRE, 1902. W. M. Christy. £xtomo-
logist (March 1903), pp. 72-73. Refers to Lasiocampa callune,
and a few other species of Lepidoptera.
RETROSPECT OF A LEPIDOPTERIST FOR 1902. By Louis B.
Prout, F.E.S. xt. Record (February 1903), pp. 29-33. Scottish
records referred to.
TROCHILIUM CRABRONIFORME IN SCOTLAND. William Evans.
Ent. Record (January 1903), p. 23. Seven imagines taken at
Luffness and Aberlady, several larvee obtained near Midcalder, and
pupze taken at Newpark.
REARING PETASIA NUBECULOSA. John F. Musham. £72.
Record (January 1903), p. 21. Pupz reared from ova deposited by
a female received from Rannoch.
SPECIES OF THE GENERA EMMELESIA AND EUPITHECIA TAKEN
IN ROXBURGHSHIRE. By W. Renton. £xtomologist (March 1903),
pp. 60-61. Twenty-nine species recorded.
SPILODES STICTICALIS AND BOTYS TERREALIS IN SCOTLAND.
Chas. G. Barrett. xt. Mo. Mag. (March 1903), p. 65. Refers to
the occurrence of these species in Fife (see Aznals, 1903, p. 53).
FURTHER NOTES ON THE TORTRICIDZ AND TINEINA OF
DUMBARTONSHIRE. By J. R. Malloch. xt. Mo. Mag. (January
1903), pp. 2-4. Fifteen species of Tortricidz, twenty-six of Tineina
are recorded in this paper.
RETROSPECT OF A COLEOPTERIST FOR 1902. By Prof. T.
Hudson Beare. ut. FRecord, January 1903, pp. 1-5, and Feb-
ruary 1903, pp. 34-35. Several Scottish records referred to.
COLEOPTERA IN SCOTLAND. ‘T. Hudson Beare, F.E.S. £77.
Record (March 1903), p. 77. Sixteen species taken at Dalmeny.
COLEOPTERA IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PEEBLES. James
E. Black. xt. Record (March 1903), p. 77. Nine species
referred to.
CURRENT LITERATURE 125
COLEOPTERA AT INNERLEITHEN IN PEEBLESSHIRE. ‘TJ. Hudson
Beare. nt. Mo. Mag. (February 1903), p. 39. Forty-seven
species are referred to.
NoTES ON COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN WIGTOWNSHIRE. J. G.
Gordon, F.E.S. xt. Record (February 1903), pp. 46-49. 7son, though I do not think the nest or eggs have
been found and identified before.
GREAT NORTHERN Diver (Colymbus glacialis).—A fine specimen, a
male, was brought to me alive on roth July. A fisher lad had
caught it sitting on a rock at the mouth of the harbour of
Baltasound ; it seemed in a very exhausted condition. The
lad said the bird was “sitting on its stomach” and tried to
scramble to the sea, shuffling along with its breast close to the
ground. I kept the bird for some time, but never once saw it
assume an erect attitude.
CrossBILL (Loxia curvirostra).—Four seen by Mr. Henry Suther-
land of Baltasound on Sunday, 19th July. Wind, E. to N.E.
212
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
to N., strong. Two of the birds were bright coloured (“ mostly
red”) and two were dark coloured. The cat brought in the
head of one the same day. ‘The birds were sitting on a goose-
berry bush close to the house and were not wild.
CuarFincH (/7ingilla celebs).— A pair have been about the
shrubbery all summer, coming to be fed along with the other
birds. I have not been able to discover any nest, but on
7th August my wife called me to see four young Chaffinchs
which were feeding along with the two old ones.
Wryneck (Lyx torquilla).—One, a male, captured alive at Harolds-
wick on 2nd September and brought to me. ‘The bird was in
fine plumage and in good condition, though when I opened
the stomach it was empty. It weighed 362 grains. Though
several captures and occurrences have been reported for
Shetland, this is the first Wryneck I have seen since August
1884, when my younger brother shot. one in front of this
house.
DIPTERA SCOMGA Ill:—THE FORTH DISTRICT
153:
159.
By Percy H. GrimsHav, F.E.S.
(Continued from p. 166.)
Family PIPUNCULID.
Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
PIPUNCULUS RURALIS, JZg.
Selby, 2.
Family SYRPHID.
. PaRaGus TIBIALIS, AZx.— dg, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. PIPIZELLA VIRENS, /aé.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. PIPIZELLA FLAVITARSIS, JZg.— d, Aberfoyle, July 1903
(AE, J Canter).
. CHRYSOGASTER SPLENDENS, J@g.—Musselburgh (A. E. J.
Carter); ¢, Braid Burn, Morningside, July 1899 (Wm.
Evans).
. LIOGASTER METALLINA, /ab.—¢@, Aberlady, July 1898
(Wm. Evans); 2 (common), Winchburgh, 24th June 1902
(James Waterston).
CHRYSOGASTER HIRTELLA, Zzw.—@, Heriot, 28th June 1898
(Wm. Evans).
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
£71
DIPTERA SCOTICA: III.—THE FORTH DISTRICT 213
. CHILOSIA VARIABILIS, Panz.—|[Syrphus| Pease Bridge, 1843
(Hardy)—Selby, 2.
. Cuitosia [?] Intonsa, Zw.—@, Glencorse, 15th April 1894
(P. H. G.).
. CHILOSIA ILLusTRATA, Harr.—[Syrphus estracea| Pease
Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—Selby, 2; Morningside, July 1893,
Mid-Calder, roth July 1899, Inverkeithing, 29th July 1899
(Wm. Evans).
CHILOsSIA ALBITARSIS, JZg.—Polton and Musselburgh (A. E. J.
Carter).
CHILOSIA FRATERNA, JZg.—|.Syrphus chloris| Pease Bridge,
1843 (Hardy)—Selby, 2; [| Chzlosia chloris| Aberlady, 1873
—Verrall, 3.
CHILOSIA VERNALIS, /7z.— 6, Canty Bay, 4th August 1896
(W. Eagle Clarke).
PLATYCHIRUS MANICATUS, JA7Zy.— 3d and @¢, Morningside,
June 1893 (P.H.G.); 9, Aberdour, 6th July 1893 (P. H. G.);
9 @, North Berwick, August 1893 (W. Eagle Clarke) ;
6, North Berwick, r2th August 1894, and @, Dirleton,
5th August 1896 (W. Eagle Clarke); ¢, Heriot, 28th June
1898, 2, Aberlady, July 1898, and ¢, Craigentinny, 22nd
August 1898 (Wm. Evans).
PLATYCHIRUS PELTATUS, JZg.— d and 2, Morningside, June
1893 (P. H.G.); 9, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
PLATYCHIRUS SCUTATUS, JMZg.—@, North Berwick, August
1893 (W. Eagle Clarke); ¢, Morningside, 9th September
1894 (P. H. G.); ¢, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans) ;
3, Aberlady, 2nd June 1903 (P. H. G.).
PLATYCHIRUS ALBIMANUS, /aé.— ¢ and @, Balerno, 13th
May 1893, @ Loch Vennachar, 17th May 1893, 6, Morn-
ingside, 21st May 1893, ¢, Morningside, 15th April 1894,
and 9, Glencorse, 6th June 1894 (P. H. G.); 6, Canty
Bay, 4th August 1896 (W. Eagle Clarke); 2, Gosford Park,
sth May ré98 (P. oH. G;); 9, Heriot, 23th June 198
(Wm. Evans); Polton (A. E. J. Carter).
PLATYCHIRUS SCAMBUS, Staeg.— 9, Glencorse, 6th June 1894
(BiG. )); (Rolton, (Ac ses Je Carter).
PLATYCHIRUS CLYPEATUS, 1Zg.— 6, Moor at Balerno, 13th
May 1893, 2, Morningside, 11th June 1893, and d, Glen-
corse, 6th June 1894 (P. H. G.); 9, Smeaton Hepburn,
17th July 1897 (Sir Archibald Buchan-Hepburn) ; 6, Heriot,
28th June 1898, ¢ and 9, Aberlady, July 1898, and 9,
Craigentinny, 22nd August 1898 (Wm. Evans).
214
179.
180.
181.
185.
186.
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
. PLATYCHIRUS ANGUSTATUS, Z/¢.— ?, Aberlady, July 1898
(Wm. Evans).
. PYROPHANA ROSARUM, /ab.—Two at Aberfoyle, 27th July
1900—Wnm. Evans, “Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1900, p. 251.
. MELANOSTOMA MELLINUM, Z.—Common throughout the dis-
trict. I have records from Morningside, Glencorse, Balerno,
Dalmeny, Hawthornden, Craigentinny, Heriot, and Aberlady.
The specimens were taken from May to September.
. MELANGYNA QUADRIMACULATA, Verr. — | Melanostoma| oe
Morningside, rst April 1894 (P. H. G.).
. XANTHANDRUS comtTus, Harr.—|[Syrphus hyalinatus| Pease
Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)
Selby, 2:
. Leucozona LucoruM, L.—J[Syrphus] Pease Bridge, 1843
(Hardy)—Selby, 2; Morningside, July 1893, Swanston,
29th July 1899; Mid-Calder, roth July 1899, and Drum-
shoreland, 4th June 1900 (Wm. Evans).
. IscHYROSYRPHUS GLAUCIUS, Z.—[Syrphus] Aberlady, 1873—
Verrall, 3; Tynehead, 24th August 1901 (Wm. Evans) ;
Oakley, 13th August 1898 (Wm. Evans).
CATABOMBA PYRASTRI, Z.—Gullane and Longniddry (A. E. J.
Carter); Penicuik, July 1893; Morningside, July 1893,
Linlithgow, 9th August 1899 (Wm. Evans).
SYRPHUS ALBOSTRIATUS, //z.—¢, Craiglockhart, roth Sep-
tember 1893 (P. H. G.); 9, Aberlady, August 1896 (Wm.
Evans).
SyRPHUS TRICINCTUS, //z.—Aberlady, 1873—Verrall, 3;
3 6, Balerno and Threipmuir, 13th May 1893 (P. H. G.);
Luffness, 16th May 1896 (Wm. Evans); 2, Dirleton, 5th
August 1896 (W. Eagle Clarke); Drumshoreland, 4th June
1900 (Wm. Evans) ; Aberlady, 30th June 1899 (Wm. Evans).
. SYRPHUS VENUSTUS, Mg.— ¢, Aberlady, 2nd June 1903
(P. H. G.); 6, Corstorphine, May 1901 (Wm. Evans).
. SYRPHUS NIGRICORNIS, Verr.—@, Heriot, 28th June 1898
(Wm. Evans).
. SYRPHUS ANNULIPES, Z/4.— 9, near Balerno, 30th May 1900
—Wm. Evans, ‘Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” I9g00, p. 251;
?, near Strathyre, 9th September 1902 (Wm. Evans).
SYRPHUS TORVUS, Os¢.-Sack.—|topiarius, Mg.] Pease Bridge,
1843 (Hardy)—Selby, 2.
SYRPHUS GROSSULARIE, JZg.—Morningside, 6, 4th August
1895, and ?, 9th September 1894 (P. H. G.); in large
numbers in Dalmeny Park, 1st September 1896—(Rev.
EQ.
EQ2:
197.
198.
199.
200,
DIETERA SCOTICA > IllL—THE FORTH DISTRICT 215
Alfred Thornley)—Grimshaw, “ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1897,
p- 24; Aberdour, 4th August 1900 (Wm. Evans).
. SYRPHUS RIBESH, Z.—Common throughout the district. I
have seen specimens from Morningside, Balerno, Dalmeny,
Threipmuir, Dirleton, Aberdour, Gosford, and Aberlady,
caught on various dates, and ranging from 23rd April to
roth September. Some of the examples may belong to the
form vitripennis, Mg., which I do not recognise as a distinct
species.
. SYRPHUS LATIFASCIATUS, J/cg.—Slateford, r2th May 1896—
Grimshaw, ‘Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1897, p. 24.
. SYRPHUS COROLL#, Fab. —|lacerus| Pease Bridge, 1843
(Hardy)—Selby, 2.
. SYRPHUS LUNIGER, //g.— Morningside, 6, gth September
1894, and 9, 6th June 1893 (P. H. G.); 9, Aberlady,
3rd May 1895 (P. H.G.); @, Dirleton, 5th August 1896
(W. Eagle Clarke).
SYRPHUS BALTEATUS, Deg.—6d, Aberdour, 6th July 1893
(P. H. G.); &, Kirknewton, July 1893; 36, Morningside,
July 1893; 6, Aberlady, August 1896 (Wm. Evans).
SYRPHUS CINCTELLUS, Z/4— @, Dalmeny Park, rst September
1896 (Rev. Alfred Thornley).
. SYRPHUS UMBELLATARUM, /ab.—T[umbellatarius| Pease Bridge,
1843 (Hardy)—Selby, 2.
. SYRPHUS LASIOPHTHALMUS, Z¢t4,— 6, Glencorse, and ? , Morn-
ingside, 15th April 1894 (P. H. G.).
. SPHROPHORIA DISPAR, Loew.—Pettycur, Fife, 3rd September
1900 (Wm. Evans); d¢, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. SPHEHROPHORIA FLAVICAUDA, Z¢t.—|Chetlosia melisse| Pease
Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—Selby, 2. [The synonymy of this
species is doubtful.—P. H. G.]}
SPHEGINA CLUNIPES, /7z.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2; Gosford Park, Aberlady, 4th June 1896—
Grimshaw, ‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1897, p. 24; 6, Heriot,
28th June 1898 (Wm. Evans) ; Bridge of Allan, 28th June
rgo1 (Wm. Evans); 6, Dollar, 9th July 1901 (Wm. Evans).
ASCIA DISsPAR, A/g.— 6, Heriot, 28th June 1898 (Wm. Evans) ;
3 and 9, several specimens, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans).
ASCIA FLORALIS, J47g.—Aberlady, 2nd June 1903 (P. H. G.).
RHINGIA ROSTRATA, Z.—[.Stomoxys| Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
216
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
RHINGIA CAMPESTRIS, J/g.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2; on turnip flowers at Cockburnspath, 18th June
1853—-Geo. Tate, in Anniversary Address, ‘‘ Proc. Berw.
Nat. Club,” ii. p. 132 (1850-1856); Musselburgh (A. E. J.
Carter) ; ¢, Canty Bay, 4th August 1896 (W. Eagle Clarke) ;
Braid Burn, Morningside, August 1903 (Jas. Waterston) ;
Loganlee, May 1895, and Manuel, June 1895 (Wm. Evans).
VOLUCELLA BOMBYLANS, Z.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2 ; Dreghorn, Mid-Calder, Gullane, Tynehead, Heriot,
and Aberfoylek—Wm. Evans, “ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1901,
p. 533; Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
VOLUCELLA PELLUCENS, Z.—[JAZusca| Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576; Musselburgh and Aberfoyle
(A. E. J. Carter) ; Mid-Calder, roth July 1899 (Wm. Evans);
Braid Burn, 4th July 1899 (Wm. Evans) ; Dunbar, 7th July
1900 (Wm. Evans).
ERISTALIS SEPULCHRALIS, Z.— 3, eeatay, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans); 3d 6, Corstorphine Hill and Davidson’s Mains,
24th May 1901 (Wm. Evans); 6, Inveresk, 22nd May
1901; ¢, Polton, 18th June rg01 (Wm. Evans).
ERISTALIS TENAX, Z.—Common throughout the district; I
have records from Edinburgh, Morningside, Craiglockhart,
Glencorse, Dalmeny, Dirleton, Canty Bay, and North
Berwick (22nd April to roth September).
ERISTALIS ARBUSTORUM, Z.—Common throughout the district ;
I have seen specimens from Morning~ide, Davidson’s Mains,
Glencorse, Gosford Park, Drem, Dirleton, North Berwick,
caught between 22nd April and 22nd September.
ERISTALIS NEMORUM, L.—[Musca] Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576; Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2
ERISTALIS PERTINAX, Scop.— 36, North Berwick, August 1893
(W. Eagle Clarke); 9, Davidson’s Mains, 24th May rgot,
and Salton, 18th September 1903 (Wm. Evans). [This
species must occur throughout the district.—P. H. G.]
ERISTALIS HORTICOLA, Deg.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2; ¢, Mid-Calder, roth July 1899; ¢, Forest Mill,
13th July 1901; 9, Saline, zoth August 1901 (Wm. Evans).
HELOPHILUs TRIVITTATUS, Fab.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)
—Selby, 2; Aberlady, 1873—-Verrall, 3.
HELOPHILUS PENDULUS, Z.—[ Musca] Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576; North Berwick, August 1893,
and Morningside, 3rd September 1893 (W. Eagle Clarke) ;
212.
2 Tie
BIS.
210:
oR a
218.
219.
220.
DIETHRASSCOLMCAT: Tih FORD DIsSiRien 217
3, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans); ¢, Glencorse, 8th
September 1898 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh (A. E. J.
Carter).
HELOPHILUS LINEATUS, /ab.—@, Aberlady, 17th August
1896 (W. Eagle Clarke); ¢ and 9?, Aberlady, July 1898
‘(Wm. Evans); 6, Davidson’s Mains, 24th May 1go1
(Wm. Evans).
MERODON EQUESTRIS, /ad.— 3, Newbattle Terrace, Edinburgh,
6th June 1899—Wm. Evans, “ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1900,
pe 25k
XyLoTA SEGNIS, Z.—Polton (A. E. J. Carter); d, Corstorphine
Hill, 24th May 1901; 6, Gorebridge, 18th June I9g00;
and ¢, Aberdour, 4th August 1900 (Wm. Evans).
XYLOTA SYLVARUM, Z.—“ Last summer I met with this fly
near Kirknewton (quite common), Gorebridge, Dunbar, and
Aberdour. In August 1895 I took one at Falkland. James
Wilson (‘Ency. Brit.’ 7th ed. Entom., p. 241) has recorded
it from near Edinburgh ”—Wm. Evans, ‘‘ Ann. Scot. Nat.
ELISE. (EQOT,. D:.5)3-
SYRITTA PIPIENS, Z.—[ Xy/ofa] Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2; ¢ and 9, North Berwick, August 1893 (W.
Eagle Clarke); ¢, Craigentinny, 22nd August 1898 (Wm.
Evans); ¢, Leven, August 1893, 9, Arthur’s Seat, July
1893, 3, Davidson’s Mains, August 1898 (Wm. Evans).
CHRYSOCHLAMYS CUPREA, Scop.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
ARCTOPHILA MUSSITANS, Fad.—[Sericomyia superbiens| Wood-
houselea, Pentlands—R. C. R. Jordan, “ Scot. Nat.” vol. ii.
(1873-74), p. 63; Falkland, Fife, 14th August 1895 (Wm.
Evans)—Grimshaw, “Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1897, p. 24;
Loch Voil, 2nd September 1902 (Wm. Evans).
SERICOMYIA BOREALIS, /7z.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 25 6, Gleneorse, 17th) June 19s, and ig 7d,
Braid Hills, 18th June 1893 (P. H. G.); Aberfoyle (A. E. J.
Carter); ‘‘common in the district”’—Wm. Evans, ‘“ Ann.
Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1901, p. 53. [Mr. Evans has shown me
specimens from Leadburn, Newpark, Gardrum, Bavelaw, and
Aberdour.—P. H. G.]
SERICOMYIA LAPPONA, Z.—‘‘In the course of the past five or
six years I have taken this interesting species in the following
localities: Bavelaw, Kirknewton, Silverburn. . . . Sixty
years ago it was recorded by James Wilson as occurring
‘among the Pentland Hills’ (‘ Ency. Brit.’ 7th ed., Entom.,
p. 241)”—Wnm. Evans, ‘“ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1901, p. 53.
223,
225.
226.
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
. CHRYSOTOXUM ARCUATUM, Z.—‘‘ One captured near Aberdour
last August, and another seen near Inverkeithing in June”
—Wim. Evans; \ Ann. (ScoteNat Gist. 1901, spn ys.
Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J. Carter).
. CHRYSOTOXUM BIcINcTUM, Z.—Near Kirknewton, July rg00—
Wm. Evans, “ Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist.” 1901, p. 53; Aberfoyle
(A. E. J. Carter).
MICRODON MUTABILIS, Z.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
Family CONOPIDZ.
. PHYSOCEPHALA RUFIPES, Fab. —[Conops] “ Dalmeny — Rev.
William Little”—Duncan, “Mag. Zool. and Bot.” vol. ii.
(2838) op ecae
OncomyiaA ATRA, /ab.—|[Myopa] “Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh ”—Duncan, “Mag. Zool. and Bot.” vol. ii. (1838),
pez2e:
SICUS FERRUGINEuS, L.—[AZyopa] “‘ We notice it every summer
in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh ”—Duncan, ‘ Mag. Zool.
and Bot.” vol. il. (1838), p. 221. Brucefield near Alloa,
25th July 1903 (Wm. Evans). [Mr. Evans’s capture is an
interesting confirmation of the occurrence of this species—
P. He Ge].
. Myopa TEsTacea, Z.—‘‘This insect seems to appear not
infrequently, but at somewhat uncertain intervals, and on
some occasions we have observed it in great profusion.
This was particularly the case in the neighbourhood of
Edinburgh, in the summer of 1835, when scarcely a flower-
ing plant, especially of the umbelliferous kind, could be
examined without finding specimens” — Duncan, “ Mag.
Zool. and Bot.” vol. ii. (1838), p. 220.
Myopa picra, /anz.—‘We once found a specimen in the
Edinburgh Botanic Garden ”—Duncan, “Mag. Zool. and
Bot.” vol. i. (1838), p. 219. [The occurrence of this
species in the Forth district, and indeed in any part of
Britain, requires confirmation—P. H. G.]
Family GESTRID.
. GASTROPHILUS EQUI, /ab.—I[C@strus]| Neighbourhood of
Edinburgh—Stewart, 1, p. 575.
. GASTROPHILUS HAMORRHOIDALIS, L£.—[C@£strus] Neighbour-
hood of Edinburgh—Stewart, 1, p. 575; bred from larvze
obtained at Hunter’s Tryst Dairy, Edinburgh, in 1899
(Wm. Evans).
Dose
234.
BONS.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
DIPTERA SCOTICA | 1Ik—-THE FORTE DISERICT 219
. Hypoperma Bovis, Deg.—[Gstrus| Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, I, p. 575.
. CEstrus ovis, Z.—Neighbourhood of Edinburgh—Stewart, 1,
P- 575:
Family TACHINIDA:.
GYMNOCHA€TA VIRIDIS, “7x. —Blackford Hill, 21st April 1894
(P. H. G.); Musselburgh and Polton (A. E. J. Carter).
BLEPHARIDEA VULGARIS, /7z.— g, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans); @, bred from Hadena oleracea, L. from Slateford,
May 1899 (James Waterston).
TACHINA LARVARUM, L.—[dZusca] Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. Gonta capiTata, Deg.—Gullane Links, 23rd April 1893 and
3rd May 1895 (P. H. G.); one taken near Kilconquhar,
Fife, on 26th May 1900—-Wm. Evans, “Ann. Scot. Nat.
Hist 1.901; p53:
. ANTHRACOMYIA MELANOPTERA, J7Zg.— 6, Glencorse, 6th June
1894 (P, H. G.).
. ZOPHOMYIA TEMULA, Scop.—| Musca tremula| Neighbourhood
of Edinburgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. OLIVIERIA LATERALIS, /ab.—Longniddry (A. E. J. Carter) ;
Oakley, 13th August 1898, and Aberlady, August 1896
(Wm. Evans).
. MicRopALPus vuLPINUS, //z.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter
and Wm. Evans) ; Thornton, 11th August rg00 (Wm. Evans).
. Ecuinomyia Grossa, Z.—[JZusca] Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. SIPHONA CRISTATA, /ab.— g, Morningside, 7th May 1893,
and g, Gosford Park, 5th May 1898 (P. H.G.); 4, Aber-
lady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
SIPHONA GENICULATA, Deg.— ¢, Morningside, 30th May and
6th June 1893 (Bl He G:)c eG andi) (Braids Fills: soard
July 1893 (P. H. G.); ¢, Glencorse, 8th September 1898
(PV He G:):
TRIXA CESTROIDEA, Dsv.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
MELANOPHORA ATRA, M/cg.—Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
CYNOMYIA ALPINA, Z¢/7— $, Loch Ard, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
CyNOMYIA MORTUORUM, Z.—Morningside, 22nd April 1894
(P. H. G.); @, Polwarth, Edinburgh, May 1899 (James
Waterston); ¢, Arthur Seat, July 1893, ¢, Roslin, July
1893, ¢, Luffness, rgth July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
220
248.
2409.
250.
251.
BiG ze
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
SARCOPHAGA CARNARIA, Z.—[ Musca] Neighbourhood of Edin-
burgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576; Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2; Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
SARCOPHAGA ATROPOS, J/g.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
SARCOPHAGA PINTRICARIA, J7g.—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)
—Selby, 2. [This record is of little value, and probably
erroneous.—P, H. G.]
DEXIOSOMA CANINUM, /ab.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter); ?,
Falkland, gth August 1895 (Wm. Evans).
Dexia vacua, /7n.— 6, Dirleton, 5th August 1896 (W. Eagle
Clarke); $, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
. MYIOCERA CARINIFRONS, /7z.— 3, Glencorse, 8th September
1898 (P. H. G.); Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J. Carter).
Family MUSCID:,
. STOMOXYS CALCITRANS, Z.—Neighbourhood of Edinburgh—
Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. H#MATOBIA IRRITANS, L.—[.Sfomoxys| Neighbourhood of
Edinburgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. POLLENIA RUDIS, /ab.—¢g and 9, Morningside, 1st April
1894 and 17th March 1895 (P. H. G.).
. GRAPHOMYIA MACULATA, Scop.— g, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans); 6, Mid-Calder, roth July 1899 (Wm. Evans).
. GRAPHOMYIA PicTa, Z¢t.— g, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans) ; ¢, Kirknewton, 7th July 1900 (Wm. Evans).
. Musca pomestica, Z.—Common throughout the district.
. CYRTONEURA STABULANS, //n.— $, North Berwick, August
1893 (W. Eagle Clarke).
- MORELLIA HORTORUM, //7.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter) ;
2, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J. Carter).
. MESEMBRINA MERIDIANA, Z£.—[JZusca| Neighbourhood of
Edinburgh—Stewart, 1, p. 576; g and 9, Balerno, 13th
May 1893; @, Glencorse, 8th September 1898; 9, Leven,
August 1893 (Wm. Evans).
. PYRELLIA LASIOPHTHALMA, J/cg.— ?, Blackford Hill, 21st
April 1894 (P. H. G.); @, Dalmeny Park, 2nd May 1898
(P. H. G.); 3g and 9, Gosford Park, sth May 1898
(P. H. G.); 9, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
. PROTOCALLIPHORA GRNLANDICA, Z/t— ¢, Aberfoyle, July
1903 (A. E. J. Carter) ; Roslin, July 1893, and Haddington,
21st September 1903 (Wm. Evans).
265.
266.
267.
268.
Bate
272
280.
281.
. HYETODESIA ERRANS, Mg.
DIPTERA SCOTICA? IH:—EHE FORTE. DISTRICT 221
CALLIPHORA ERYTHROCEPHALA, JZg.—Common everywhere ;
I have taken it from April to November.
CALLIPHORA VOMITORIA, Z.—Equally common with the pre-
ceding. On the 17th May 1893 I took a 6 of C.
ERYTHROCEPHALA 7” cop. with a @ of this species, at
Callander.
EUPHORIA CORNICINA, /ab.—Of frequent occurrence through-
out the district. I have records from Morningside, Aberdour,
Aberlady, Drem, and North Berwick, with dates varying from
rst April to 12th September.
Lucitia c#sar, Z.—Very common. I have seen specimens
from Morningside, Craigentinny, Aberdour, Stirling, Aberfoyle,
Dirleton, and Aberlady.
. Luciiia sericata, W/g.— 6, Braid Hills, 18th June 1893.
. Luciiia 1LLustris, AZg.—| Musca] Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)
—Selby, 2. [Probably a wrong identification.—P. H. G.].
Family ANTHOMYIIDA.
POLIETES LARDARIA, /ab.—¢ and ?, Glencorse, 8th Sep-
tember 1898 (P. H. G.); , Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. POLIETES ALBOLINEATA, //z.— 6, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
HYETODESIA INCANA, WVzed.—¢ and ?, Glencorse, 6th June
1894 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. HveETopDEsIA LucoRUM, /7z.— 4, Morningside, 22nd April
1894 (P. H. G.); ¢ and ¢, Gullane and Aberlady, 3rd
May 1895 (P. H. G.) ; Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. HYETODESIA MARMORATA, Z7/4.— 9, Glencorse, 6th June 1894
(a G):
. HyeTopEsIA SERVA, J7g.— ¢, Morningside, 21st May 1893,
and g, Glencorse, 6th June 1894 (P. H. G.).
. HYETODESIA LONGIPES, Z/7— 4, Hawthornden, 26th May
1893, and 6, Glencorse, 6th June 1894 (P. H. G.).
. HVETODESIA SEMICINEREA, Wved.— g, Roslin, 26th May
1893 (PB: HG); g,, Aberioyle,, July 1903), (Aa Ea:
Carter).
6, Stirling, 23rd May 1893, and
¢, Hawthornden, 26th May 1893 (P. H. G.).
HYETODESIA SIGNATA, JZg.— ¢, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter),
HYETODESIA ERRATICA, /7z.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
293.
294.
297-
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
. HveETOoDESIA BASALIS, Z/4.— 9, Dalmeny Park, 1st September
1896, and @, Livingston, Linlithgow, 1896 (Rev. Alfred
Thornley); 3, Glencorse, 8th September 1898 (P. H. G.) ;
&, Loch Ard, July 1903 (A. E. J. Carter).
. HvETODESIA SCUTELLARIS, //z.— g, Loch Ard, July 1903
(A. E. J. Carter):
. HyeropeEsIA PALLIDA, /aé.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
. ALLGOSTYLUS SIMPLEX, Waed.—|Hyetodesia] A single 9?
captured near Edinburgh, August 1875—-Meade, ‘“ Ent.
Mo. Mag.” vol. xxiii. (1887), p. 181.
. ALLGOSTYLUS FLAVEOLA, /77.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. MYDAA NIGRITELLA, Z/4.— 6, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. Myp#a urpana, J47g.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
. Myp#a impuncta, fén.— g, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. SPHECOLYMA INANIS, //nz.— 6, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J.
Carter).
. SPILOGASTER DUPLICATA, MWg.— ¢, Gosford Park, 23rd April
1893 (2, H.'G); 6, Braid Mills, 7th May 1893) 97
Aberlady Bay, 12th September 1893 and 3rd May 1895,
@, Gosford Park, 5th May 1898 (P. H. G.); 4, Aberlady,
July 1898 (Wm. Evans); Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. SPILOGASTER DUPLARIS, Z¢¢,—‘‘The only specimens I have
seen were captured in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh ”—
Meade, “‘Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol. xviii. (1881), p. 64; 6,
North Berwick, 7th August 1894 (W. Eagle Clarke).
SPILOGASTER QUADRUM, /ad.—g and 9, North Berwick,
August 1894 (W. Eagle Clarke); ¢, Aberlady, July 1898
(Wm. Evans).
SPILOGASTER CONSIMILIs, 4/7z.—I have seen a specimen, which
I believe to be this species, taken at Aberfoyle by Mr.
AE. J). Canter.
. LIMNOPHORA SORORCULA, Z/¢4.—I possess a ¢ of this species,
named for me by the late Mr. R. H. Meade, and taken at
Aberlady by Mr. Wm. Evans in July 1898.
. LIMNOPHORA SOLITARIA, Zft+,—Mr. A. E. J. Carter has taken
several specimens (both sexes), of what I believe is this
species, at Aberfoyle.
LIMNOPHORA TRIANGULIGERA, Z¢7,—“ I captured several males
of this species on the borders of Loch Katrine, in August
1874, where it seemed abundant.”—Meade, “Ent. Mo.
Mag.” vol. xvili. (1881), p. rot.
Bre.
SRD
BTA:
315.
316.
to
iS)
ios)
DIPTERA SCOTICA: III.—THE FORTH DISTRICT
. HyproT#a IRRITANS, //z.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
. Hyprot#a DENTIPES, /al.— ¢, Morningside, 23rd May
1895 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. Hypror#a_ simitis, Aeade.—6, Loch Ard, June 1903
(A. E. J. Carter).
. Hypror#a RONDANI, Meade.—d, Aberfoyle, July 1903
(A. Ee Jex@arter);
. Hypror#a impexa, Zw.— 46, Loch Ard, July 1903 (A. E, J.
Carter).
. Hypror#a MeEtrEorIcA, Z.—[dMusca] Neighbourhood of
Edinburgh.—Stewart, 1, p. 576.
. Hypror#a ALBIPUNCTA, Z/#.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. OpHyrA LEucosTtomA, Wired.—6, Aberfoyle, July 1903
(AGE Je Canter):
. Drymia HamaTa, /7n.— @, Aberlady, 17th August 1896
(W. Eagle Clarke).
. HypropHoria conica, Wied— ¢, canal bank, Slateford, 9th
June 1895 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. HyLemyia varRiatTa, A/m.—9Q, Glencorse, 6th June 1894
(P. H. G.); oo, Drem and Aberlady, 3rd May 1895
(Pare).
._ HyLeMyviA SETICRURA, Rond.— 3, North Berwick, 12th
August 1894 (W. Eagle Clarke); ¢, Canty Bay, 4th August
1896 (W. Eagle Clarke).
. HyLEMYIA NIGRESCENS, Rond.—? Portobello (A. E. J. Carter).
. Hytemyia stricosa, /ab.— d, Balerno, 13th May 1893, and
3, Aberdour, 6th July 1893 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh
(A. E. J. Carter). [This species is probably common
throughout the district.—P. H. G.]
HyLeMyIA NIGRIMANA, JZg.—d, Aberdour, 6th July 1893
(P. H. G.); 6, Aberfoyle, July 1903 (A. E. J. Carter).
Hyvemyia coarcrata, //z.—“ I have found several specimens
in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh in August, 1875.”—
Meade, ‘‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol. xviii. (1882), p. 270.
Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
ANTHOMYIA PLUVIALIS, Z.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
MyYcopHaGa FUNGORUM, Deg.
ANTHOMYIA RADICUM, Z.— 6, Morningside, roth April 1894,
and ¢, Blackford Hill, 21st April 1894 (P. H. G.).
[“ ANTHOMYIA RANUNCULARIA.”—Pease Bridge, 1843 (Hardy)—
Selby, 2. 1 do not know what is meant by this species.—
Pil aCr5|
ond:
320.
332.
ANNALS OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY
. CHORTOPHILA BUCCATA, //7.—Parasitic on Andrena fucata,
near Edinburgh. Wm. Evans, “Ent. Mo. Mag.” 1900,
Pp. 243.
. CHORTOPHILA STRIOLATA, “ln. —[Anthomyia| Aberlady.—
Verrall, ‘Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol. xxii. (1885-6), p. 232.
CHORTOPHILA SYLVESTRIS, //1.—[Anthomyia] g $ and 9,
Aberlady, 23rd June 1884.—Verrall, ‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol.
xxii. (1885-6), p. 232.
PHorBIA FLOccosa, J7Zag.— ‘I reared several myself last
summer from cabbage plants sent to me by Mr. Dunn of
Dalkeith ”—Meade, “Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol. xix. (1883), p.
214.
. PHORBIA CILICRURA, Rond.— “I bred a number of speci-
mens of both sexes last summer, from onion plants
. sent me by... Mr. Dunn of Dalkeith ”—Meade,
“Hint. Mo. Mag:? vol xix.((1é64)) p! 207.
. PHORBIA TRICHODACTYLA, Aond.— 3, Glencorse, 6th June
1304 (P2.G:):
. PEGOMYIA TRANSVERSA, /77.—Aberfoyle (A. E. J. Carter).
. PEGOMYIA BICOLOR, Vied.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. Homatomyia Hamata, J/cg.—d, Woods at Polton, 26th
May 1893 (P. H. G.); Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. HomaLomyiA FuscuLa, //7.—‘‘I have only seen a single
female, which I captured near Edinburgh in August 1875 ”
—Meade, “ Ent. Mo. Mag.” vol. xviii. (1882), p. 202.
. HoMALOMYIA CANICULARIS, Z.— Common throughout the
district, both in and out of doors (P. H. G.).
. AZELIA MACQUARTI, Staeg.— 6, Gosford Park, 5th May 1898
(P. H. G.); 6, Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. AzeLia ciLipEs, Hal. d, Glencorse, 8th September 1898
(P. H. G).
. Caricea TIGRINA, fab. —9, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans).
. CARICEA INTERMEDIA, //77z.— gd and @, Smeaton Hepburn,
17th July 1897 (Sir A. Buchan- Hepburn); d and 9,
Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm. Evans).
ALLOGNOTA AGROMYZELLA, Aond.—I have a female, named
for me by the late Mr. R. H. Meade, taken at Aberlady by
Mr. Wm. Evans in July 1898.
. C@NOSIA SEXNOTATA, AZg.— ¢, window of house, Edinburgh,
2end July 1897 (P. H. G.).
334-
332"
330.
343-
348.
. CorDYLURA PupDIcaA, Mg.
DIRTERATSCORMCA ti RrEE, HOME DISPRICH 225
Ccenosia ? paciFica, 1/e.— ?, Morningside, 30th May 1893
(P, Hy G),
LISPE CRASSIUSCULA, Zzw.— 9, Aberlady, 23rd June 1884—
Verrall, ‘‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.” (2) vol. v. (1894), p. 143.
FUCELLIA FUCORUM, /7z.— ¢ and ¢, North Berwick, 19th
May 1893 (P. H.G.); 6, Aberlady Bay, 12th September
1893 (P. HG); 6, Gullane, 4rd May1605 (hae. «Gs:
Family CORDYLURIDZ:.
g and 9, Aberlady, July 1898
(Wm. Evans).
. NORELLIA SPINIMANA, //77.—Musselburgh (A. E. J. Carter).
. PoGonota u1rcus, Zft,— 9, Aberlady, July 1898 (Wm.
Evans).
. TRICHOPALPUS PUNCTIPES, A/g.—d, Aberlady, July 1898
(Wm. Evans).
. SCATOPHAGA INQUINATA, AZg.— 9, Morningside, 30th May
TO. Gu (bas ble Gz):
. SCATOPHAGA LUTARIA, fab.— 6, Morningside, roth May 1893
(Bi oH.