ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRIC MUs CAPE TOWN AN KUM INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. When accepted, copyright becomes the property of the Trustees of the South African Museum. 2. LAYOUT should be as follows: (a) Centred masthead to consist of ; Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species Author’s(s’) name(s) ; Address(es) of author(s) (institution where work was carried out) Number of illustrations (figures, enumerated maps and tables, in this order) (b) Abstract of not more than 200 words, intelligible to the reader without reference to the text (c) Table of contents giving hierarchy of headings and subheadings (d) Introduction ; (e) Subject-matter of the paper, divided into sections to correspond with those given in table of contents (f) Summary, if paper is lengthy (g) Acknowledgements (h) References (i) Abbreviations, where these are numerous 3. 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REFERENCES cited in text and synonymies should all be included in the list at the end of the paper, using the Harvard System (ibid., idem, loc. cit., op. cit. are not acceptable): (a) Author’s name and year of publication given in text, e.g.: ‘Smith (1969) describes...’ ‘Smith (1969: 36, fig. 16) describes...’ ‘As described (Smith 1969a, 1969b; Jones 1971) ‘As described (Haughton & Broom 1927)...’ ‘As described (Haughton et al. 1927)...’ Note: no comma separating name and year pagination indicated by colon, not p. names of joint authors connected by ampersand et al. in text for more than two joint authors, but names of all authors given in list of references. (b) Full references at the end of the paper, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologically within each name, with suffixes a, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year, e.g. Smith (1969a, 19695) and not Smith (1969 1969q). For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher. For journal article give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the World list of Scientific periodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), series in parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination (first and last pages of article). Examples (note capitalization and punctuation) BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. FISCHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. —J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140. FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.— Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634. Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320. Koun, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. — Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51. THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. — Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270. (continued inside back cover) ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 72 ~ +#Band December 1976 December Part 1 Deel aN RUSS 1S B:B.B:9.0) SSS ‘<> > YS cS 27 S S“ourg now WSs A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) FROM THE MGAZANA ESTUARY, PONDOLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, AND A REVIEW OF THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS PSEUDOTHARYBIS By JANET M. BRADFORD Cape Town Kaapstad The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK 1, 2(1, 3, 528), 322,425, tpi), 5-3) 507-9): 6(1, t.-p.i.), 71-4), 8, 9(1-2), 10(1), 1122465: 7, tpi); 1565) 240), 27, 31123). 33 Price of this part/Prys van hierdie deel R1,70 Trustees of the South African Museum © Trustees van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum 1976 ISBN 0 949940 98 4 Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) FROM THE MGAZANA ESTUARY, PONDOLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, AND A REVIEW OF THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS PSEUDOTHARYBIS By JANET M. BRADFORD New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington (With 5 figures and | table) LMS. accepted 28 April 1976] ABSTRACT A new species, Bradyidius hirsutus, is described. Four species previously attributed to Bradyidius are transferred to Pseudotharybis which is placed in the Aetideidae. CONTENTS Introduction ; Description of material 2, Review of Pseudotharybis . 9 Acknowledgements. ‘ ; 9 References : 9 INTRODUCTION The nine previously known species of the aetideid genus Bradyidius are B. angustus (Tanaka, 1957), B. arnoldi Fleminger, 1957, B. bradyi (Sars, 1902) (see Matthews (1964) for discussion of priority of specific name bradyi over armatus), B. luluae Grice, 1972, B. pacificus (Brodsky, 1950), B. saanichi Park, 1960, B. similis (Sars, 1902), B. spinifer Bradford, 1969a, and B. tropicus Wolfenden, 1905. Both sexes are known except for B. angustus described only from the male, and B. tropicus described only from the female and which has not been ,morpho- logically distinguished from B. bradyi except that it is smaller and has fewer, coarser teeth on the terminal exopod spine of legs 2-4 (Wolfenden 1905: 1006). At the end of this paper four species, previously attributed to Bradyidius, are removed to another genus. The new species of Bradyidius described below was found in plankton samples from the Mgazana Estuary, Pondoland, South Africa (31° 50’ S). Although Bradyidius is known to be a benthic genus these particular specimens were taken by T. Wooldridge on 1 September 1972 at night just below the surface on an incoming tide at the mouth of the Mgazana Estuary. The depth at this locality is about 3 metres at low tide, salinity 35,0%, (measured by hydro- meter) and temperature 17,8°C. 1 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 72(1), 1976: 1-10, 5 figs, 1 table. 2 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Dissected specimens of the presently described new species of Bradyidius were mounted unstained in Euparal and observed using phase contrast. Descrip- tions have been made from paratype material. DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. (Figs 1-5) Holotype SAM-A13661 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female in plankton sample from mouth of Mgazana Lagoon, collected by T. Wooldridge, 1 September 1972. Paratypes SAM-A13662 in the South African Museum, Cape Town; | male whole, 2 males and 2 females dissected, collection data as above. BM(NH)1975.1124 (1 female), BM(NH)1975.1125 (1 male) in the British Museum (Natural History), London; collection data as above. P295 in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington, collection; 1 female and | male, collection data as above. Description Female: Holotype 1,61 mm, paratype specimens 1,59-1,68 mm. Head and pedigerous segment | separate, pedigerous segments 4 and 5 fused. Rostrum bifurcate with slightly divergent points. Posterior metasomal points extend not quite to posterior border of genital segment. Antenna | does not extend quite to posterior metasomal points, of 24 joints, each with annulate setae, joints 8 and 9 fused, joints 18-25 bear very long annulate setae as typical for the genus. Antenna 2. Endopod joint | with 1 seta, joint 2 with 7 outer setae, 7 inner setae (1 small); exopod joint | with | small seta and joint 2 with 3 setae. Mandible. Basipod 2 with | seta; endopod joint 1 with 1 large and 2 small setae, joint 2 with 10 setae, 1 of them small. Maxilla 1. Inner lobe 1 with 14 spines and setae, inner lobe 2 with 5 setae, inner lobe 3 and 4 setae, basipod 2 with 5 setae, endopod with at least 13 setae, exopod with 10 setae, outer lobe 1 with 9 setae and outer lobe 2 naked. Maxilla 2. Lobes 1-5 each with 3 spine-like setae, lobe 5 with 1 of these spines very thick and heavy. Terminal part of limb with 7 setae. Maxilliped as in other Bradyidius. Leg 1. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines, outer edge spines of exopod joints | and 2 not extending beyond base of spine on next joint, outer edge spine on exopod joint 3 longer than its joint. Leg 2. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines; anterior surface of endopod naked, posterior surface of endopod joint 2 with small hairs covering about half area. Terminal exopod spine with 17 or 21 teeth. A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 3 0,l1mm == AGB SDE Fig. 1. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Female. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Rostrum. D. Genital segment, lateral view. E. Urosome, dorsal view. Leg 3. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines; anterior surface of endopod joints 2 and 3 with small hairs covering slightly smaller area than spines on posterior surface. Terminal exopod spine with 18 or 19 teeth. Leg 4. Posterior surface of endopod joints 2 and 3 also anterior surface of endopod joint 3 with small hairs. Terminal exopod spine with 20-23 teeth. Leg 5 absent. Male: Paratypes 1,36-1,53 mm. Head and pedigerous segment 1 also pedigerous segments 4 and 5 com- pletely fused. Rostrum bifurcate with slightly diverging points. Posterior meta- somal points extend as far as posterior border of urosome segment 1. Antenna | does not extend beyond posterior metasomal points; of 21 or 22 joints, most with annulate setae, 8-10, 12-i3 fused as are 20-21 on right side; joints 1-12 with large aesthetes. 4 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Antenna 2 similar to that of female except basipod 1 with row of con- spicuous hairs, exopod joint 1 without setae, endopod joint 2 with 2 setae; endopod joint 2 with 6 outer setae. Mandible blade without teeth, basipod apparently without seta, endopod joint 2 with 10 setae. Maxilla 1 inner lobes 1-3 without spines or setae, endopod with a few rudi- mentary setae, exopod and outer lobe 1 with setae. Maxilla 2 reduced to small lobe without setae. Maxilliped similar to that of female except basipod 1 has 2 setae distally. Legs 1-4 similar to those of female except outer edge exopod spines smaller. Terminal spine of legs 2-4 with 20-23, 20-22, and 24—26 teeth respectively. Fig. 2. Bradyidius nirsutus sp. nov. Female. A. Antenna 1. B. Antenna 2. C. Mandible. D. Maxilla 1. E. Maxilla 2. F. Maxilliped. A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 5 Fig. 3. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Female. A. Leg 1, anterior view. B. Leg 2, posterior view. C. Leg 3, anterior view and posterior view of endopod. D. Leg 4, posterior view and anterior view of endopod. Leg 5 uniramous on each side, hardly extending beyond caudal rami, right leg styliform, of 4 joints; left leg of 5 joints, penultimate joint with inner distal knob bearing a fine spinule, terminal joint with row of small spinules. Etymology From the Latin hAirsutus = hairy, referring to the fact that hairs are to be found on both the anterior and posterior surfaces of legs 3 and 4. Discussion All the species of Bradyidius are compared in Table | in so far as they are known. Female Bradyidius hirsutus may be distinguished primarily from B. arnoldi, B. saanichi and B. spinifer, the three species it most resembles in respect to the length of the posterior metasomal points in that the anterior surfaces of legs 3 and 4 as well as posterior endopod surfaces of legs 2-4 are ornamented with many small hairs. Also the rostral points of B. hirsutus are slightly divergent but in B. arnoldi not divergent and in B. saanichi strongly divergent (exact shape not ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ‘7 podiseq = *g ‘podopus = ry ‘¢-] sso, = *—-'g ‘7 ‘{ yurof podoxs = *“tay !uMOoUy JOU UOT}eUTIOJUT — *@ 19] Jopr0q [eIsIp puodaq ysnf spus}xo %oyY JYSII Jop1og [e}sIp :snowrelUy~) TRY Yo] o[Ppru 0} spusjxo “oy JYZII Jopsog [e\sIp :snowesU”E snowelig snowelig snowPelg TRY 19] SPP 0} spus}xo %ay JUSII Jop1og [e}sIp :snowesnuy Jo] URY} J9}10Ys yonur 39] WWII : snowelUu snowelg *q 1J9] Jop10q [e1sIp puodsoq ysnf spus}xo *ay JYSII Jop1og [eIsIp :snowenuy °d ATIVN JUDSIOAIP JOl0}ue ANYsis pue JOLI9}SsOg — IOIIO}SOg = oUON JUOBIDAIP A[3U011S oUON JUISIOAIP 10N dUON JUDBIOAIP A[SUONS (P) 10119}S0g JUDBIOAIP Anysits JOII9}SOd JUOSIOAIP JON IOIIN}SOg qUOSIOAIP A[ prey JOIIN}SOg ourds }xou aseq Yoel JOU Sood oulds yxou Suoje AemM Jey I9A0 spus}xgq poq ‘g Ul SY ourds JxoU 9S8eq SOYORIY ourds yxou oseq soyovoy oulds yxou suoje ABM Jey Spud}x” ourds yXOU OSEq SOYOVOY jews AIDA, JUDUISAS [e}IUNS JOpI0g IOLI9}Ssod 0} JSOWY JUOWUZIS [e}IUNT IOp10q JIOIIa}sod 0} JSOW]Y yuoWIdOs [e}I1UN3 9[Ppru puosoq A] prey JUDLUBOS [vIIUDS JOp10q IOLI9}sod 0} JSOWLY quowides [e}Uss P.ry}-oUO [BUILT JUOLUBIS [e}IUNS JOp10q JIolo}sod puodsoq ysn¢ juoWdes [e}IUOT IOp1o0g I0119]sOg JUOWIBOS [e}IUIS J9p10q JO1I19}sod 0} Jsow]y €S‘I-9ET P 89 T-6S'T 5 uMouyuUN (64) 96'I pL‘Z v7 Se o'€ v7'T-10°7 96‘T-£€°T e‘€ a C7 €-00'E P CMS 077 © 697 €Z [I-61 L © p9T 3 Ot Fo Ot Fo Fo OF Fo OF tO LET umouyun & “Aou ‘ds SHINSAITY ‘g snaidod] “g dafuds “g SUIUMS 1O1UDDS *gF snoifiovd “gf apnjn] “Ff 1ApdAqG “ IpJOUAD “J SNISNSUD “F wundjsoy %—%g 1y sauids aapfans 40149JSOd—AO1MaJUp AIVW + JIVWaAdA snipidpoig yO soieds Jo uostieduiod Toy fo auids aspa 4ajno "q SaSSaIOAd JDUIOSDIJOUL doldajsod {oO Juajxyq AIVWaAt [ @1av.L (WM) Y1sUuaT saigady A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 7 known for B. spinifer) and the outer edge spine of leg 1 exopod joint 1 does not reach the base of the next spine in B. hirsutus, is very small in B. arnoldi, reaches the base of the next spine in B. saanichi and extends half-way along the next spine in B. spinifer. The male of B. hirsutus is most like that of B. angustus even to the propor- tions of leg 5 but differs from it chiefly in the ornamentation on the anterior and posterior surfaces of legs 3 and 4. Also exopod joint | of antenna 2 has no setae in B. hirsutus whereas it appears to have a seta in Tanaka’s (1957) illustration and the rostrum of B. hirsutus has a much wider notch at the base of the points than in B. angustus. It appears the setation of the female maxilla 1 may be conservative. Re-examination of the holotype of B. spinifer revealed that the basipod 2 in fact has 5 setae, not 4 as described by Bradford (1969a) so B. spinifer does not differ from B. /ulae in this respect. Fig. 4. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Male. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Rostrum. D. Urosome, dorsal view. oo ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM PRR ~ > >DDMMADH DRAW AWN : Fig. 5. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Male. A. Left antenna 1. B. Antenna 2. C. Mandible. D. Maxilla 1. E. Maxilliped and rudimentary maxilla 2. F. Leg 1, anterior view. G. Leg 2, anterior view and posterior view of endopod. H. Leg 3, anterior view and posterior view of endopod. I. Leg 4, anterior view and posterior view of endopod. J. Leg 5. A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 9 REVIEW OF PSEUDOTHARYBIS Females of three species attributed to Bradyidius by Bradford (19695), B. robustus, B. brevispinus and a stage V B. spinibasis (erroneously referred to as B. spinatus in the text (Bradford 1969a: 484)) have subsequently been recog- nized by the author as fitting T. Scott’s (1909a) brief description of Pseudotharybis because of the unique form of the female fifth legs which hardly varies from one species to another. Although T. Scott (1909a) implied Pseudotharybis was a tharybid, lack of sensory appendages terminally on maxilla 2 precluded that conclusion. This genus is here placed in the family Aetideidae, closely related to Bradyidius and Aetideopsis, and is one of the few genera in the family to have a female fifth leg. The male of B. robustus Bradford, 1969a along with B. dentatus Bradford, 1969a indicates the form of male Pseudotharybis which hardly differs from that of Bradyidius or Aetideopsis except that the posterior metasomal points are represented in Pseudotharybis by a small posterodorsal tooth and in the other two genera by a posterior spine. Thus the genus Pseudotharybis now contains the following species: P. zetlandicus T. Scott, 1909a, P. brevispinus (Bradford, 1969a), P. dentatus (Bradford, 1969a), P. robustus (Bradford, 1969a), and P. spinibasis (Bradford, 1969a). There is also a possibility that Aetideopsis magna Grice & Hulsemann, 1970 belongs to this genus. Pending a closer examination of the genera Aetideopsis, Bradyidius and Pseudotharybis the exact limits of each genus, especially with reference to the males, remains uncertain. T. Scott’s (19094) P. dubius must be removed from Pseudotharybis as there appear to be important differences from all other species in the genus. For example maxilla 1 inner and outer lobe | are well developed but the remaining parts are reduced in size and have a smaller number of setae, maxilliped basipod 1 has a strong spiniform seta on its distal border and leg 5 is of a different shape. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Mr T. Wooldridge of the Port Elizabeth Museum for bringing the new species of Bradyidius to my attention. REFERENCES BRADFORD, J. M. 1969a. New species of Aetideopsis Sars and Bradyidius Giesbrecht (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Southern Hemisphere. —N.Z. J/ mar. freshw. Res. 3: 73-97. BRADFORD, J. M. 1969b. New genera and species of benthic calanoid copepods from the New Zealand slope. N.Z. JI mar. freshw. Res. 3: 473-505. Bropsky, K. A. 1950. Calanoida of the far eastern seas and polar basin of the U.S.S.R.— Opred. Faune SSSR 35: 1-442. (Translation: Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1967). FLEMINGER, A. 1957. New calanoid copepods of the families Aetideidae, Euchaetidae, and Stephidae from the Gulf of Mexico.— Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S. 57: 355-63. Grice, G. D. 1972. The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in deep water with descriptions of five new species. — Crustaceana 23: 219-42. 10 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Grice, G. D. & HULSEMANN, K. 1970. New species of bottom-living calanoid copepods collected in deep water by the DSRV Alvin.— Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 139: 185-227. MattuHews, J. B. L. 1964. On the biology of some bottom-living copepods (Aetideidae and Phaennidae) from western Norway.— Sarsia 16: 1-46. Park, T. 1960. A new species of Bradyidius (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Pacific coast of North America.—J. Fish Res. Bd Canada 23: 805-11. Sars, G. O. 1902, 1903. Copepoda. In: An account of the Crustacea of Norway 4. Bergen: Bergen Museum. Scort, T. 1909a. On some new and rare Entomostraca from the Scottish Seas.— Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 3: 122-30. Scott, T. 1909b. On new and rare Crustacea from Scottish waters. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 4: 31-6. TANAKA, O. 1957. The pelagic copepods of the Izu region, middle Japan. Systematic account Ill. Family Aetideidae (Part I).—Publs Seto mar. biol. Lab. 6: 31-68. WOLFENDEN, R. N. 1905. Notes on the collection of Copepoda. Jn: GARDINER, J. S. (ed.) The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes 2: suppl. 1: 989-1040. Cambridge: University Press; London: Clay. 6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature (particularly Articles 22 and 51). Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. NOV., sp. nov., comb. nov., syn. nov., etc. An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s name and year. The author’s name "(and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon. Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.: Family Nuculanidae Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845) Figs 14-15A Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37. Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50. Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b). Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87. Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9. Note punctuation in the above example: comma separates author’s name and year semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author full stop separates references by different authors figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is not acceptable. In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci- mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number, depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes must be recorded, e.g.: Holotype SAM-A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach, Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973. Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers, date and geographical positions. 7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES Capital initial letters (a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text e.g. ‘... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; *...in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’ (b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded by initials or full names e.g. Du Toit but A. L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene (c) Scientific names, but not their vernacular derivatives e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a book or article, such as “Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’ Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively. Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the HEGRE of Bio logical Abstracts. “Wit JANET M. BRADFORD A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) FROM THE MGAZANA ESTUARY, PONDOLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, AND A REVIEW OF THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS PSEUDOTHAR YBIS