VOLUME 72 | Yih ANUARY 1977 ISSN 0303-2515 L OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM CAPE TOWN INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. When accepted, copyright becomes the property of the Trustees of the South African Museum. 2. 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REFERENCES cited in text and synonymies should all be included in the list at the end of the paper, using the Harvard System (ibid., idem, loc. cit., op. cit. are not acceptable): (a) Author’s name and year of publication given in text, e.g.: “Smith (1969) describes .. .’ ‘Smith (1969: 36, fig. 16) describes...’ ‘As described (Smith 1969a, 1969b; Jones 1971)’ ‘As described (Haughton & Broom 1927)...’ “As described (Haughton et al. 1927)...’ Note: no comma separating name and year pagination indicated by colon, not p. names of joint authors connected by ampersand et al. in text for more than two joint authors, but names of all authors given in list of references. (b) Full references at the end of the paper, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologically within each name, with suffixes a, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year, e.g. Smith (1969a, 19695) and not Smith (1969, 1969a). For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher. For journal article give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the World list of scientific periodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), series in parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination (first and last pages of article). Examples (note capitalization and punctuation) BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. FIsCHER, P.—H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140. FIsCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634. Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320. Konn, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51. THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270. (continued inside back cover) ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 72 Band January 1977 Januarie Pare 5 Deel % a “ouig you Ne UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM A BOREHOLE NEAR RICHARDS BAY, SOUTH AFRICA By HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER & WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY Cape Town Kaapstad The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000 Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad 8000 OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK 1, 2(1, 3, 5-8), 3(1-2, 4-5, 8, t.-p.i.), 5(1-3, 5, 7-9), 6(1, t.-p.i.), 711-4), 8, 911-2), 10(1), 11(1-2, 5, 7, t.—p.i.), 15(4—5), 24(2), 27, 311-3), 33 Price of this part/Prys van hierdie deel R3,50 Trustees of the South African Museum © Trustees van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum 1977 ISBN 0 908407 06 8 Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM A BOREHOLE NEAR RICHARDS BAY, SOUTH AFRICA By HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER South African Museum, Cape Town & WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Oxford (With 15 figures) [MS. accepted 10 August 1976] ABSTRACT Upper Cretaceous ammonites from a borehole near Richards Bay, South Africa, include Baculites vanhoepeni, Baculites capensis, Baculites bailyi, Baculites sulcatus, Didymoceras (D.) natalense, Madagascarites andimakensis, Karapadites sp. juy., Hauericeras gardeni, Texanites (T.) aff. T. (T.) soutoni, Protexanites (Anatexanites) aff. P. (A.) nomii, Pseudoschloenbachia umbulazi s.\., Pseudoschloenbachia (Vendegiesiella) trituberculata and Pseudoschloenbachia (V.) cf. P. (V.) spinosa. On the basis of comparisons with faunal successions recognized in Zululand by Kennedy & Klinger (1975) and at Menabe, Madagascar, by Collignon (1969), a Middle or Late Santonian to Early Campanian date is postulated for the fauna in 100 metres of core. The core section is compared with sections of similar age in the False Bay—St Lucia area of Zululand in the north, and Umzamba (Pondoland) to the south, and illustrates the thinning of the Cretaceous section towards the south, and also confirms the diachronism and timing of the Upper Cretaceous transgression in eastern South Africa. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction... Teer ee a ran eraaienec tn cea 69 Systematic descriptions eae Matty Sl reesten aoa HR 71 Stratigraphy and correlation. . a Oe Baws 101 Correlation with Zululand and Natal . Seer ais 102 Correlation with Menabe, Madagascar... 102 Discussion of results and regional implications Geological history . 1102 Regional affinities of Richards ‘Bay fauna 2 104 Comparison of sediment thicknesses . . . . 104 Summary .. Paar) is amet Aha ar cake Ske Gel Srmarege |) Acknowledgements ee Pay eet ee ene wry a te 105 IREferenceseenpe eer era ues Bele cheery eee ce lO)S INTRODUCTION The presence of fossiliferous subsurface Cretaceous sediments in the Richards Bay area (Natal) (see Fig. 1) appears to have been known as early as 1907, when William Anderson, the one-man Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand, mentioned their occurrence in a borehole ‘on the north side of the 69 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 72 (5), 1977: 69-107, 15 figs. 70 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Umbhlatuzi Lagoon’ (1907: 54). On the basis of this information, Cretaceous exposures were indicated at Richards Bay on the 1 : 1 000 000 Geological Map of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland (compiled by Coertze and Schifano in collaboration with Van Eeden 1970). Excavations for a bridge near the Enseleni River, west of Richards Bay in 1970 (Kennedy & Klinger 1975: 282, Locality 6) yielded Santonian and Campanian ammonites from what the authors believed to be an interval of only 15 metres. Unfortunately, however, the exact stratigraphic sequence of the fauna was not established, as the material came from rubble heaps. In view of the construction of fuel berths and other facilities associated with the development of a new harbour at Richards Bay, an extensive drilling programme was initiated in the area in order to test the petrophysical properties of the subsurface materials (see Maud & Orr 1975: 101 for more data). Excavations for a coal berth had, in the meantime, revealed the presence of a substantial thickness of Palaeocene sediments (Orr & Chapman 1974), over- lying the Cretaceous unconformably, and microfaunal assemblages from above and below the Cretaceous/Tertiary contact were described by Stapleton (1975). In fresh specimens the Palaeocene and Cretaceous sediments have the same colour and texture, and it seems very likely that Anderson’s 1907 report of Cretaceous sediments may in fact have been based in part on Palaeocene deposits as well. The authors were able to examine the core of borehole BH9, 14 km to the west of Richards Bay township. The locality of the borehole is indicated as Borehole W in the map of Maud & Orr (1975: 102, fig. 1). The core has a diameter of 50 mm, is 159 metres long, and penetrated to granite-gneiss Basement rocks. The lithologies are of predominantly dark green-grey silts with occasional concretionary layers of a slightly lighter colour. The top 60 metres of core were very weathered, and no macrofossils could be extracted. The lower 100 metres of the core were very fossiliferous, and in places the preservation was superb. Many of the fossils have retained their original aragonitic shell mineralogy, and fine details of ornament and structure, which are normally destroyed, are preserved (see also Maud & Orr 1975: 103). A very detailed faunal succession has been recognized in the fossiliferous 100 metres of section, and the authors have been able to correlate the Richards Bay core with the Upper Cretaceous sequences of the False Bay-St Lucia area of Zululand to the north, and the coastal outcrops at Umzamba (Pondoland) to the south (Fig. 1). From these data the authors have been able to determine further the extent of the diachronous Upper Cretaceous transgression in eastern South Africa (Kennedy & Klinger 1971) and further document the southerly attenuation of the whole of the Cretaceous System. In drawing stratigraphic boundaries in the Richards Bay borehole, the bio- stratigraphic divisions recognized in Natal and Zululand by Kennedy & Klinger (1975) and those recognized at Menabe, Madagascar, by Collignon (1969) have UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 71 been applied, and tested in an unequivocal succession far better in terms of continuity than any surface outcrops described to date. Detailed descriptions of the regional distribution of the Cretaceous System in Natal and Zululand and along the Pondoland coast are given by Kennedy & Klinger (1971), Kennedy er a/. (1973), Kennedy & Klinger (1975) and Klinger & Kennedy (in press),* and need not be repeated here, whilst full details of the subsurface extent of the Cretaceous sediments in the Richards Bay area are provided by Maud & Orr (1975). The systematics of some of the species to be described are in need of full revision; this is especially true of the baculitids, texanitids and pseudoschloen- bachiids. A revision of these groups based on the borehole material alone is not advisable, and taxa recognized in the systematic descriptions below conform with current specific and generic concepts, pending the authors’ further work on material from surface outcrops. Unless otherwise mentioned, all material described below is housed in the collections of the Geological Survey of South Africa, Pretoria. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Phylum MOLLUSCA Class CEPHALOPODA Zittel, 1884 Order AMMONOIDEA Zittel, 1884 Suborder ANCYLOCERATINA Wiedmann, 1966 Superfamily TURRILITACEAE Meek, 1876 Family Baculitidae Meek, 1876 Genus Baculites Lamarck, 1799 Baculites capensis Woods, 1906 Figs 2A-F, 3G Baculites capensis Woods, 1906: 342, pl. 44 (figs 6-7). Spath 1921: 257, pl. 24 (figs 6-7); 1922: 146. Venzo, 1936: 116. Matsumoto, 1959: 121, pl. 33 (figs 1-3), pl. 45 (figs 1-4), text-figs 33-34. Matsumoto & Obata, 1963: 47, pl. 14 (fig. 2), pl. 15 (figs 3-5), pl. 19 (fig. 2), text- figs 95-96, 147-151. Collignon, 1966: 6, pl. 457 (fig. 1862). Baculites aff. B. capensis Woods; Spath, 1921: 258. Collignon, 1931: 22, pl. 3 (fig. 6). Ander- son, 1958: 192, pl. 48 (figs 8, 8a). Baculites capensis Woods var. umsinensis Venzo, 1936: 116, pl. 10 (6) (figs 13a—b). Baculites capensis Woods var. tenuetuberculata Collignon 1966: 6, 22, pl. 457 (figs 1863-1864), pl. 463 (figs 1894-1895). ? Baculites cf. B. aspero-anceps Lasswitz; Spath, 1921: 259, pl. 24 (figs 4, 4a). Baculites buttensis Anderson, 1958: 191, pl. 49 (fig. 6). Baculites cf. B. brevicostata Schliiter; Spath, 1921: 260, pl. 24 (figs 5, 5a). * Due to delays beyond control of the authors this may possibly appear in print at a later date—after the present publication. 2 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Lectotype The original of Woods (1906, pl. 44 (fig. 6a—b)) by subsequent designation Matsumoto & Obata (1963: 48) and here refigured as Fig. 2B—D. Material BH9/148a, BH9/148,50, BH9/158, BH9/137,4. (The figures following BH9 indicate the depth in metres of the core.) Description Numerous baculitid fragments occur in the basal part of the core, just above the contact with the Basement schists, in some places forming a Baculites mélange. Better preserved material is available from a depth of 148 metres. At a diameter of 4 mm the shell is still smooth and devoid of tuberculation, but shows a high expansion rate. BH9/148a (Fig. 2A) is an adult and resembles the type specimen most closely, even though the tubercles are more conical, rather than longitudinally elongated. It also lacks the longitudinal furrow ventral to the tubercles which is so obvious in the type specimen, whilst the spacing of tubercles is irregular. BH9/137,4 (Fig. 3G) has a similar whorl section, but only three small, crescentic dorso-lateral tubercles and lateral striae. The suture line is not visible on any of the specimens. Discussion None of the present specimens completely fits the illustration and description of the lectotype, here refigured as Figure 2B-D, but in view of the extreme variation encountered in the species are most suitably placed here. The Richards Bay material corresponds to Collignon’s B. capensis variety tenuetuberculata which occurs in the Lower and Middle Santonian of Madagascar. The specimens described by Spath (1921: 259, 260) as Baculites cf. B. aspero- anceps and Baculites cf. B. brevicostata are no more than intra-specific variants of B. capensis. Baculites cf. B. aspero-anceps is comparable with BH9/148a (Fig. 2A) and B. cf. B. brevicostata with BH9/137,4 (Fig. 3G). The specimens described by Kennedy & Klinger (in Kennedy et al. 1973) under the name of Baculites sp. group of Baculites capensis are most probably Lower Campanian descendants of B. capensis; they are referred to B. vanhoepeni Venzo (= B. tanakae Matsumoto & Obata) below. This latter species differs from B. capensis in having auricular tuberculation rather than showing longitu- dinal elongation of the tubercles. The affinities of B. capensis are discussed further by Matsumoto (1959: 121 et seq.) and Matsumoto & Obata (1963: 47 et seq.). The relative abundance of baculitids near the base of the Richards Bay core, close to the transgressive unconformable contact, may be the result of some ecological controls on their distribution, for Maud & Orr (1975: 103) consider this part of the sequence to be a relatively shallow water facies when compared to the rest of the sequence. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 73 Occurrence At the type section of the Umzamba Formation, Umzamba Cliff (Kennedy & Klinger’s 1975 Locality 1; see Figure 12), B. capensis occurs in bed Piil, of late Middle or early Late Santonian age. In Madagascar the species and its varieties occur in the Early and Late Santonian. In Zululand occurrences are mainly restricted to the Late Coniacian and Santonian. The Japanese occurrences are of Santonian age. In California the species occurs in the Early Santonian. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo Figs 2G-K; 3A, H-I; 4A—C; 5C Baculites vagina Forbes var. van hoepeni Venzo 1936: 116, pl. 10 (6) (figs 11-12). ? Baculites tanakae Matsumoto & Obata, 1963: 51, pl. 13 (fig. 4), pl. 16 (figs 1-5), pl. 17 (figs 1-5), pl. 18 (figs 1, 3, 4), pl. 19 (figs 1-4), text-figs 97-113, 115. Baculites sp. group of Baculites capensis Kennedy & Klinger, 1973: 100, pl. 4 (figs 1-5), pl 5 (figs la—d), pl. 6 (figs 4-5). Baculites sulcatus (non Baily); Kennedy & Klinger, 1975: 280. Lectotype The specimen figured by Venzo (1936: 116, pl. 10 (6), fig. 1la—b) is herein designated lectotype of the species. Material BH9/81,85, BH9/83, BH9/85,93, BH9/87, BH9/88,71, BH9/88,8, BH9/88,9, BH9/89. Description The expansion rate is high during the early growth stages, declining sub- sequently, although specimens may attain a large size. The intertubercular cross- section is sub-rounded triangular in the early stages with a broadly rounded dorsum and little inflated flanks, which converge to a narrow venter. With increasing diameter the venter broadens, until, in the adult stage, it equals the dorsum in width. Adult ornament consists of large, widely spaced auricular tubercles which may cover half to two-thirds of the dorsal part of the flank. Apart from the tubercles, striae are present, and these sweep forward in an apertural direction over the flanks, and show a distinct forward curvature across the dorsum and venter. The size and stage of appearance of tubercles is variable. The tubercles may be prominent and auricular (e.g. Fig. 2H-K) or merely slightly elongated nodes on the flanks (e.g. Fig. 2G). Specimens such as BH9/88,71 (Fig. SC) are still completely smooth at a whorl height of 11 mm, whereas other specimens, as for example BH9/88,3 (Fig. 3H), already show auricular swellings at a whorl height of 10 mm. Specimen BH9/87 (Fig. 31) shows the transition from the smooth to the tuberculate stage. The suture line is only partially exposed in one specimen. 74 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Discussion Identical material was described from the subsurface deposits of Durban by Kennedy & Klinger (im Kennedy et al. 1973: 100, pl. 4 (figs 1-5), pl. 5 (fig. la-d), pl. 6 (figs 4-5)) as Baculites sp. group of Baculites capensis. Because of the extreme variation and lack of stratigraphic control no attempt at definite identification was made, the material being referred to the group of the first- described South African baculitid with strong lateral ornament. Examination of the Richards Bay material, however, has shown that these specimens and the Durban material are identical to those from Locality 110 in Zululand (Kennedy & Klinger 1975) referred to as Baculites sulcatus (= Baculites vagina Forbes var. van Hoepeni Venzo) (Kennedy & Klinger 1975: 280). The latter is a misidentifica- tion; Baculites vagina var. van Hoepeni is probably a senior synonym of Baculites tanakae Matsumoto & Obata, and is quite unrelated to the Maastrichtian Eubaculites vagina (Forbes). An adult form of B. vanhoepeni SAS A2035 from Zululand is figured here (Fig. 4A—C). The South African material differs from the Japanese specimens of B. tanakae mainly in having a more or less rounded venter in the adult stage and stronger lateral ornament. The absence of a fastigate venter and the stronger ornament are thought to be within the limits of intraspecific variation. Transitions occur towards B. capensis, from which the species is probably descended (see Matsu- moto & Obata 1963: 54); examples include BH9/100 (Fig. 2G), which has essentially rounded tubercles. Generally, however, B. capensis has longitudinally elongated tubercles, whereas B. vanhoepeni has auricular ornament. Through weakening of lateral ornament in the adult stage, closer spacing thereof, and acquisition of a more fastigate venter, there arise transitions towards the slightly younger Baculites sulcatus, to be described below. A closely related, but apparently somewhat younger species is Baculites boulei Collignon (1931: 35, pl. 5 (figs 2-2a), pl. 9 (fig. 14)). (See also Matsumoto 1959: 118, pl. 32 (fig. 7a-c), pl. 33 (figs 4a—-c, 5a—b, 6a-d, 7a—b), text-figs 27a—b, 28-32; Matsumoto & Obata 1963: 43, pl. 13 (figs 3, 5), pl. 15 (fig. 6), text-figs 93, 152-155.) Matsumoto & Obata’s illustrations of B. boulei show that the whorl section in the Japanese material is similar to that of the Richards Bay specimens in having a narrower venter than dorsum in the early stages. Accord- ing to Matsumoto, B. boulei occurs in the Upper Urakawan, which is equivalent to the Upper Santonian. A number of Baculites species occur in the upper part of the Lower Campanian of Madagascar which probably all fall in the range of variation of the present species, as suggested earlier (Kennedy & Klinger in Kennedy et al. 1973: 100). These include B. menabensis Collignon (1969: 15, pl. 518 (figs 2036-2037)), B. antsiraensis Collignon (1969: 18, pl. 519 (figs 2040-2041)), B. subtilis Collignon (1969: 20, pl. 519 (figs 2042-2044)), B. falcatus Collignon (1969: 20, pl. 520 (figs 2045-2047)), B. ventroplanus Collignon (1969: 20, pl. 520 (figs 2048-2050), pl. 531 (figs 2056-2058)) and B. sparsinodosus Collignon (1969: 23, pl. 521 (figs 2052-2054)). To this list may be added Baculites bassei Besairie UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 75 (1930: 222, pl. 22 (figs 8, 8a)), although a thorough study of these ‘species’ is necessary to confirm this. Occurrence Baculites vanhoepeni (=tanakae) occurs in the second division of the Campanian in Zululand at localities 110 and 114 and in the Early Campanian of Japan. Allied Madagascan ‘species’ all occur in the upper part of the Lower Campanian Zone of Menabites boulei and Anapachydiscus arrialoorensis. Baculites bailyi Woods, 1906 Fig. 5D Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855: 457, pl. 11 (fig. Sa—b) only. Baculites bailyi Woods, 1906: 341, pl. 44 (fig. 5). Van Hoepen, 1921: 18, pl. 3 (figs 9-10). Spath, 1921: 261. Matsumoto & Obata, 1963: 35, pl. 20 (figs 1-2), pl. 21 (fig. 5), text-figs 88-89, 116-120, 140-142. Collignon, 1969: 21, pl. 520 (fig. 2050). Holotype BMNH 11372, the specimen figured by Baily (1855, pl. 11 (fig. 5a—b)) only. Material BH9/104. Description and discussion A single, septate fragment is referred to the species. The whorl section is rounded, slightly higher than wide. Ornament consists of fine striae only, and, what appears to be a shallow constriction, which parallels the striae. At one stage the authors considered the possibility that B. bailyi might represent the juvenile stage of B. vanhoepeni. Comparison with other specimens of this rare species shows, however, that the rounded whorl section clearly separates it from B. vanhoepeni in the early stages. (For a full discussion of the species see Matsumoto & Obata, 1963: 35 et seq.) Besairie’s (1930, pl. 21 (fig. 6)) specimen is definitely not B. bailyi; it has quite conspicuous lateral nodes, and should most probably be referred to B. capensis or one of the allied nodose species. Occurrence The species occurs in the Early Campanian of Pondoland, the Santonian of Japan and in the Early Campanian Zone of Menabites boulei and Anapachy- discus arrialoorensis in Madagascar. Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855 Fig. 3B-E, J-L Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855: 457, pl. 11 (fig. 5c only). Woods, 1906: 341, pl. 44 (fig. 4). Van Hoepen, 1921: 18, pl. 3 (figs 7-8). Spath, 1922: 146. Collignon, 1931: 36, pl. 5 (figs 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 5a, 13, 13a), pl. 9 (fig. 15). Baculites cf. B. sulcatus Baily, Spath, 1921: 260. ? Baculites cf. B. tanakae Matsumoto & Obata, Collignon, 1969: 23, pl. 521 (2055). 76 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Lectotype The specimen figured by Baily (1855, pl. 11 (fig. 5c) only), refigured by Woods (1906, pl. 44 (fig. 4)), designated by Matsumoto & Obata (1963: 46). Material BH9/64a, b, c from Richards Bay Borehole BH9, SAM-PCP 5684, SAM- PCP 5685 (South African Museum) and D1663 (National Museum, Bloemfon- tein), from Umzamba. Description The whorl section is ovate, higher than wide, with a broadly rounded dorsum and a sharply acute venter. The whorl section remains essentially similar through- out ontogeny. At a dorsoventral diameter of as little as 7 mm the characteristic ornament is developed; strong, crescentic ribs are present on the dorsal shoulder and are connected across the dorsum by a characteristic broad swelling. Over the ventral half the ribs curve acutely forward, narrowing as they do so, and eventually pass over the venter with a marked chevron. Intercalated riblets may arise at midflank; they also pass over the venter, or they may arise in pairs from the ventral half of the crescentic rib. The chevron ornament over the venter and the thick ribs connecting the lateral ribs over the dorsum are characteristic of the juvenile stage of the species. With increase in diameter (which is rapid) ornament becomes very much attenuated, and the venter and dorsum are no longer ornamented by strong sulcae. Even though ornament is weakened, the flanks are still characterized by the crescentic ribs from which may arise a series of striae, whilst intercalatory striae are also developed and pass forwards over the flanks. The lateral ornament is Closely spaced. Discussion This is a relatively scarce and poorly understood species, being so far known only from juvenile specimens. Baily (1855) included what Woods (1906: 341) later called B. bailyi in his Baculites sulcatus, and only figured the characteristic sulcate ornament of the venter of the juvenile type specimen. Woods (1906: 341, pl. 44 (fig. 4)) figured the type specimen in lateral view, showing it to be totally different from the lateral views of B. bailyi as illustrated in Baily (1855, pl. 11 (fig. 5a)). Van Hoepen (1921: 18, pl. 3 (figs 7-8)) figured additional typical examples featuring the robust juvenile ornament. To the authors’ knowledge the largest collection of specimens of B. sulcatus is in the Van Hoepen Collection in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, but again all specimens are juvenile. The strong lateral ornament of the juvenile specimens led the authors to believe that Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo was a junior synonym of B. sulcatus (Kennedy & Klinger 1975: 280). Recent detailed collecting at the type section of the Umzamba Formation at Umzamba Cliff by one of the authors (H. C. K.) (Klinger & Kennedy, in press), plus the recovery of the Richards Bay material, have shown that Baculites vagina var. van Hoepeni Venzo 1936 is a related, but slightly older UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY Wi species. Baculites sulcatus differs from B. vanhoepeni (as here interpreted) in having closer-spaced and weaker lateral ornament in the adult stage, and a more acute venter. Baculites sp. nov. aff. B. sulcatus Matsumoto & Obata (1963: 46, pl. 12 (fig. 6), text-figs 94, 130) has a densely sulcate venter when young, but lacks the strong lateral ornament of juveniles of B. sulcatus. Baculites capensis Woods (1906: 342, pl. 44 (figs 6-7)) is an older species (Early to Late Santonian), has a smooth early stage and generally has longi- tudinally elongated tubercles when adult. Baculites columna Morton (see Matsumoto 1959: 126, pl. 34 (fig. 1) especially) also has comparable, but much stronger ornament. Specimens of Baculites ovatus (see Cobban 1974: 3, pl. 1 (figs 1-32), pl. 2 (figs 1-14), pl. 3 (figs 1-6, 9-11), text-fig. 4) may have similar lateral ornament, but typically the species has an ovoid whorl section. Collignon’s (1931: 23, pl. 5 (figs 3-5)) specimens, referred to B. sulcatus, all lack lateral ornament, and only show a densely sulcate venter, so that it is questionable whether or not they should be referred to Baily’s species. To summarize, therefore, Baculites sulcatus has strong lateral, ventral and dorsal ornament in the juvenile stage, but loses this, eventually possessing only closely spaced crescentic lateral ribs and a subtrigonal whorl section with an acute venter when adult. Occurrence Baculites sulcatus occurs in the Early Campanian part of the Umzamba Formation. At the type section (Fig. 12) it was found in beds Pil5 and Pil4, approximately the equivalent of Kennedy & Klinger’s (1975) second division of the Campanian in the False Bay area of Zululand. Family Nostoceratidae Hyatt, 1894 Subfamily Nostoceratinae Hyatt, 1894 Genus Didymoceras Hyatt, 1894 (= Nostoceras Hyatt, 1894) Didymoceras (Didymoceras) natalense (Spath, 1921) Fig. 5E Nostoceras ? natalense Spath, 1921: 243, pl. 22 (figs 2a, b). Holotype The specimen figured by Spath (1921, pl. 22 (figs. 2a—b)), housed in the South African Museum, Cape Town. 78 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Material BH9/117. Description A single specimen consisting of one and a quarter slightly crushed whorls of the phragmocone is referred to Spath’s species. Coiling is moderately tight with only a small impressed dorsal zone. The apical angle is estimated at approximately 110 degrees. The dorsal part of the whorls is ornamented by fine, prorsiradiate curving ribs which join in pairs on the dorsal third of the flanks to pointed tubercles. Another row of tubercles is visible at the upper whorl suture. Due to the crushed state of the specimen it is not possible to determine whether ribs join the tubercles in pairs or not. The central part of the whorls bears similar ribs to those on the dorsum. Discussion The holotype of the species, SAM-K2744, is a badly worn adult, but on the earliest whorl preserved, traces of looped ribbing, similar to that of the present specimen are visible. The systematics of the Nostoceratinae are in a state of flux at present, but D. (D.) natalense has affinities with ‘Turrilites (Bostrychoceras) schloenbachi (Favre) (in Basse 1931: 19, pl. 2 (figs 11—15)) (see also Collignon 1969, pl. 644 (figs 2385—2386)) and in Nostoceras? obtusum Howarth (1965: 348, pl. 10 (fig. 2), text-fig. 2) (see also Collignon 1969, pl. 643 (fig. 2375)). Occurrence Spath’s specimen was probably collected at Kennedy & Klinger’s (1975) locality 10, Umkwelane Hill, near Mtubatuba; rocks of Coniacian to Campanian age are exposed in the area. Another specimen in the Geological Survey Collec- tions was found high in the Campanian of the St Lucia area. The Madagascan species with which D. (D.) natalense are compared all occur in the Early Maastrichtian. Genus Madagascarites Collignon, 1966 Madagascarites andimakensis Collignon, 1966 Fig. 5F Madagascarites andimakensis Collignon, 1966: 26, pl. 465 (figs 1897-1898). ? Hyphantoceras ingens Collignon, 1966: 24, pl. 464 (fig. 1896). Material BH9/137. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 719 Description One specimen, comprising part of a body chamber whorl with a circular cross-section, ornamented by eight to nine narrow oblique ribs, separated by interspaces two to three times wider than themselves, is referred to the species. Two pairs of quadrituberculate, looped ribs occur separated by three inter- mediaries. The tubercles are conical, and situated at the juncture of two ribs, in a distinctive button and loop arrangement. Discussion Madagascarites is a very rare genus, thus far known only from the type species and Madagascarites ryu Matsumoto & Muramoto (1967: 362, pl. 19 (fig. 3), pl. 22 (fig. 1), pl. 23 (figs 1-4)) from Japan. ‘Hyphantoceras’ ingens Collignon (1966: 24, pl. 464 (fig. 1896)) has ornament similar to that of the type species, and is probably conspecific, being merely a more densely ribbed variant. The Richards Bay fragment does not allow for comparisons to be made with the Madagascan material as far as coiling 1s concerned, but in terms of ornamen- tation, the similarity is so close as to merit reference to the species. The specimen differs from the types of M. ryvu Matsumoto & Muramoto in that that species has much finer, denser ribbing. Suborder AMMONITINA Hyatt, 1889 Superfamily DESMOCERATACEAE Zittel, 1895 Family Kossmaticeratidae Spath, 1922 Genus Kossmaticeras De Grossouvre, 1901 Subgenus Karapadites Collignon, 1954 Kossmaticeras (Karapadites) sp. juv. indet. Fig. 6D Material A silicone rubber squeeze, BH9/102,6 taken from a small external mould. Description and discussion The presence of umbilical tubercles and absence of ribbing at midflank on this kossmaticeratid fragment, together with the fine ribbing towards the venter, suggest reference to Karapadites. A few constrictions appear to be present on the inner whorls. The specimen is specifically indeterminate. Occurrence A number of species of Karapadites have been described from Madagascar by Collignon (1954, 1966, 1969). The majority occur in the upper part of the Early Campanian zone of Karapadites karapadensis, but other species occur as early as Middle Santonian. 80 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Family Desmoceratidae Zittel, 1895 Subfamily Hauericeratinae Matsumoto, 1938 Genus Hauericeras De Grossouvre, 1894 Hauericeras gardeni (Baily, 1855) Figs 7A-C, 8A Ammonites gardeni Baily, 1855: 456, pl. 11 (figs 3a—c).- Hauericeras (Gardeniceras) gardeni (Baily); Matsumoto & Obata, 1955: 140 text-figs 8-10. Collignon, 1961: 76, pls 28-30, text-figs 13-14 (with synonymy); 1969: 66, pl. 819 (fig. 2114). Hauericeras cf. H. gardeni (Baily); Kennedy & Klinger, 1973: 101, pl. 6 (figs 2a—c). Material BH9/120,22, BH9/124, BH9/127,80. Description BH9/120,22 (Fig. 7B) is the most complete specimen, consisting of parts of two successive whorls, with the shell preserved on one side only. At the end of the phragmocone a constriction is visible on the internal mould. The con- striction is visible only on the flanks and is completely absent on the dorsum, and also appears to have been absent over the venter. On the side where the shell is preserved, the constriction is barely visible. BH9/124 consists of two halves of a crushed specimen, and is referred to the species on the basis of the presence of the keel, smooth flanks and the characteristic suture line. In BH9/127,80, part of the original aragonitic shell has been preserved, permitting a view of the interior. The mode of attachment of the septae to the inner shell layer is beautifully displayed (Fig. 7A). The siphuncle is not preserved, but on either side of, and along the siphonal line, rows of shallow pits are prominent on the inner shell-layer, corresponding to what must be the bases of conellae on the inner part of the floor of the hollow keel (Fig. 8A). Discussion Hauericeras angustum (Yabe) (1904: 33, pl. 5 (figs 5-6)) and Hauericeras madagascariense Collignon (1961: 81, text-figs 15-17, pl. 31 (figs 1, la—b), pl. 32 (figs 1, la)) are closely allied species. Both, however, differ in having a lower and broader whorl section. For details of differences between H. gardeni and H. angustum see Matsumoto & Obata (1955: 140). Occurrence In Madagascar H. gardeni ranges from the Late Santonian Zone of Pseudo- schloenbachia umbulazi to the Middle Campanian Zone of Pachydiscus lamberti. In Zululand the succession is not quite as clear, but H. gardeni appears to range to the first division of the Campanian. At the type section of the Umzamba Formation (Fig. 12) the species was found in beds Pi3 to Pi7, being most abundant in bed Pi7, at the Santonian-Campanian boundary. H. gardeni appears to be restricted to southern Africa and Madagascar. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY RICHARDS BAY DURBAN TRANSKEf UMZAMBA CAPE. PROVINCE Fig. 1. Locality map of the area. 81 82 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 2. A. Baculites capensis Woods, 1906. BH9/148,50 (x1). B, C, D. Baculites capensis Woods, 1906. Lectotype figured by Woods, 1906, pl. 44 (fig. 6a—b) (x1). E, F. Baculites capensis Woods, 1906. BH9/148 (x1). Specimen with lateral ornament approaching that of B. vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. G. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/100 (x 1). Specimen with lateral ornament approaching that of B. capensis Woods, 1906. H, I, J. Baculites van- hoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/88,80 ( < 1). Specimen with typical auricular lateral ornament. Note faint crinkly structure on flank and on venter. K. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/89 (x 1). UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 83 | J K L Fig. 3. A. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/81,59 (x1). B. Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855. BH9/64a (0,8). C, D, E. Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855. SAM-PCP5684 (1,2). Juvenile specimen with robust ornament. F. Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855. BH9/64b ( x 0,8). Adult specimen with weakened ornament. G. Baculites capensis Woods, 1906. BH9/137,4 ( x 1). Specimen with weak, crescentic tubercles. H. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/88,39 (%1). I. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/87 ( x 1). Specimen featuring transition from smooth to tuberculate stage. J, K, L. Baculites sulcatus Baily, 1855. SAM-PCP5685 ( x 1,2). Adult specimen showing weakening of ornament. 84 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 4. A, B, C. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. SAS A2035 (x1). Adult specimen from locality 109, Zululand, with strong, auricular lateral ornament. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 85 Fig. 5. A. Texanites (T.) sp. aff. T. (T.) soutoni (Baily, 1855). BH9/128 (1). B. Texanites (T.) sp. aff. T. (7.) soutoni (Baily, 1855). BH9/116 (<1). Silicone rubber squeeze of remains of specimen figured in Figure 10B-C. C. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/86,76 (x 1). Specimen retaining smooth, juvenile stage to large diameter. D. Baculites bailyi Woods, 1906. BH9/104 (x1). E. Didymoceras (D.) natalense (Spath, 1921). BH9/117 (1). F. Madagas- carites andimakensis Collignon, 1966. BH9/137 (1). G. Baculites vanhoepeni Venzo, 1936. BH9/85 (1). H, I. Bevahites sp. indet. BH9/101,7 (x 1). 86 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 6. A. Pseudoschloenbachia (Vendegiesiella) sp. cf. P. (V.) spinosa Collignon, 1966. BH9/110 (<1,2). B. Pseudoschloenbachia (P.) umbulazi s.\. (Baily, 1855). BH9/135,40 (1,2). C. Pseudoschloenbachia (Vendegiesiella) trituberculata Collignon, 1966. BH9/108 (x1). D. Kossmaticeras (Karapadites) sp. juv. indet. BH9/102,6. E. Pseudoschloenbachia (P.) umbulazi (Baily, 1855) s.l. BH9/123,50 (x1). F. Pseudoschloenbachia (Vendegiesiella) trituberculata Collignon, 1966. BH9/108 (x 1,5). UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 87 Fig. 7. A. Hauericeras gardeni (Baily, 1855). BH9/127,80 (< ca. 8,8). Inner view of specimen to show attachment of septum to inner wall. B. Hauericeras gardeni (Baily, 1855). BH9/120,22 (1). C. Hauericeras gardeni (Baily, 1855). BH9/127,80 (x ca. 10). 88 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 8. A. Hauericeras gardeni (Baily, 1855). BH9/127,80 (x ca. 17). Inner view of siphuncular attachment area to illustrate small conical pits probably representing bases of conellae in the hollow keel. B. Protexanites (Anatexanites) sp. aff. P. (A.) nomii (Yabe & Shimizu, 1925). BH9/121,50 (x1). Silicone rubber squeeze. C, D, E. Protexanites (Anatexanites) sp. aff. P. (A.) nomii (Yabe & Shimizu, 1925). BH9/121,50 (x 1,2). Outer and inner whorls of remains of specimen. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY Fig. 9. Texanites (T.) soutoni (Baily, 1855). SAS P1334 (x1). From Umzamba Cliff, Locality 1. 89 90 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM cians 3 'S if 4 “ ‘ Bd p a / WANS uae Sy aa aa Sa rer * Fig. 10. A. Protexanites (Anatexanites) sp. aff. P. (A.) nomii (Yabe & Shimizu, 1925). SAM- B, C. Texanites (T.) sp. aff. T. (T.) soutoni (Baily, 1855). BH9/116 (x1). PCP5683 (x1). D. Texanites (T.) sp. aff. T. (T.) soutoni (Baily, 1855). BH9/118,22 (x1). Note the faint radial striation in the upper left part of the figure. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 91 Fig. 11. Protexanites (Anatexanites) sp. aff. P. (A.) nomii (Yabe & Shimizu, 1925). SAM-5683 (1). Note the appearance of lateral tubercles at bottom of figure. 92 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Exposure at Locality 1, Umzamba Cliff 1) ae Abundant pectinids Baculites sulcatus Hauericeras madagascariense Pi8 eee Eul. umzambiense, Sub. woodsi H. gardeni, Texanites soutoni, "'Heteroceras'' amapondense, P. umbulazi Damesites compactus, Pseudoph. indra T. stangeri, Saghalinites nuperus H. gardeni, Ph. woodsi Echinoids & inoceramids Pi3 conspicuous T. soutoni, P. umbulazi, T. hourcqi H. gardeni Pi2 Madrasites similis Pil Mean sea level Foreshore exposures at low tide. B. capensis, Gaudr. 1 mM Piil varicosta, Fig. 12. Exposure at Umzamba Cliff, Locality 1, the type section of the Umzamba Formation (after Klinger & Kennedy, in press). UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM RICHARDS BAY 93 B. sulcatus M boulei & ZONE OF A arrialloorensis B.vanhoepeni B.vanhoepeni B. vanhoepeni Bevahites sp Karapadites sp juv B. bailyi ZONE OF K karapadensis Vendegiesiella trituberculata Vendegiesiella sp. cf. spinosa T. aff. soutoni D. natalense T, aff. soutoni H. gardenl P (AJaff nomii P umbulazi H. gardeni P umbulazi tN Oe Onve Ww vs ieee, ORE 3 aq T. aft. soutoni H gardeni P umbulazi M.andimakensis B capensis ZONE OF P umbulazi P umbulazi B. capensis Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of faunal succession in borehole BH9, and comparison with biostratigraphic zonation of Zululand and Menabe. 94 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM y™ LAKE ST LUCIA FALSE Bay ® Hluhluwe r oO oO 2