VOLUME 77 PART 7

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BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

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FIscHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs
Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Koun, A. J. 19606. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean.
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THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische
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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 77 Band
February 1979 February
Part 4 Deel

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF
THE PENAEOID FAMILY
SOLENOCERIDAE (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA) FROM
SOUTH-EAST AFRICAN WATERS

By

ANTONIO J. DE FREITAS

Cape Town Kaapstad

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A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PENAEOID FAMILY
SOLENOCERIDAE (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA) FROM
SOUTH-EAST AFRICAN WATERS

By
ANTONIO J. DE FREITAS
Oceanographic Research institute, Durban
(With 1 figure and 1 table)
{MS accepted 31 October 1978]

ABSTRACT

A new genus, Cryptopenaeus, is proposed for a new solenocerid species, Cryptopenaeus
catherinae, which is described and illustrated. The new genus is related to Hymenopenaeus and
Haliporoides formerly belonging to the genus Hymenopenaeus, sensu lato. C. catherinae has so
far been found only in three localities off southern Mozambique at depths of 310-500 metres.

CONTENTS

PAGE
Introduction Gera bia dem aint Oe ES,
Cryptopenaeus gen. nov. . : ; 2. 423
Cryptopenaeus catherinae sp. nov. . 5 aes}
Acknowledgements . : ; : . 130
IReferencesi= a) ean pean ee e130

INTRODUCTION

In June 1969, while collecting penaeoid shrimps aboard a trawler operating
in deep water off southern Mozambique, one male specimen representing a new
genus and species was caught in 350 metres of water. Further male specimens
were subsequently found in the same area in June 1973, and the only female
available was caught in September 1976 at a depth of 500 metres.

All specimens were caught together with the commercially important pink
or knife prawn Haliporoides triarthrus, as well as the less common Aristeomorpha
foliacea and Penaeopsis balssi.

Genus Cryptopenaeus gen. nov.

Diagnosis

Body robust; carapace elongate; integument firm. Rostrum short, not
reaching distal margin of first antennular segment; ventral margin moderately
convex; armed only with dorsal teeth; epigastric tooth and first rostral separated
by interval equal to or only slightly greater than that between first and second
rostral teeth. Orbital, suprahepatic and branchiostegal spines absent; antennal,
postorbital, hepatic and pterygostomian spines present; cervical sulcus deep,
long but not reaching mid-dorsum of carapace; hepatic sulcus deep and long,
bending anteroventrally from horizontal posterior part and almost reaching

123

Ann, S. Afr. Mus. 77 (7), 1979: 123-131, 1 fig., 1 table.

124 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

base of pterygostomian spine; orbito-antennal groove shallow and wide;
branchiocardiac carina distinct but not sharp; mid-dorsal abdominal carina
present on segments two to six. Telson with pair of short fixed spines ; no movable
marginal spines. Prosartema narrow, long, extending beyond end of eye.
Antennular flagella similar, subcylindrical and equal to, or slightly longer than,
carapace. Mandibular palp two jointed; articles subequal in length, distal one
narrower than basal and tapering to rounded apex. Exopodites on all maxillipeds
and pereiopods. Lateral ramus of uropod with very small, blunt distolateral
spine. Petasma with ventrolateral lobule entirely occupied by ventral costa and
distally free from dorsolateral lobule; both ventrolateral and dorsolateral
lobules heavily sclerotinized ; appendix masculina and appendix interna present.
Thelycum simple, of open type. Podobranch on maxilliped II only; epipodites
on maxillipeds II and HI and on pereiopods I-IV.

Type species

Cryptopenaeus catherinae sp. nov.

Etymology

The generic name is derived from the prefix crypto, from the Greek kryptos
meaning hidden, in combination with the generic name Penaeus, denoting the
fact that this shrimp has been hidden from science until now; gender masculine.

Taxonomic status and comments

From the works of Bate (1881, 1888), Bouvier (1906), and Burkenroad
(1936), it is clear that the generic complex forming the then accepted subfamily
Solenocerinae presented many taxonomic difficulties. This subfamily consisted
of three genera: Solenocera, shrimps with concave antennular flagella (Lucas
1849; Wood-Mason & Alcock 1891; Barnard 1950); Haliporus, shrimps with
subcylindrical antennular flagella and movable lateral spines on the telson
anterior to fixed pair (Bate 1881; Kensley 1968); and Hymenopenaeus, shrimps
with subcylindrical antennular flagella and lacking lateral spines on the telson
(Smith 1882; Wood-Mason & Alcock 1891; Barnard 1950).

It is apparent from the literature, however, that Burkenroad (1936) was
somewhat unhappy with the taxonomic status of Hymenopenaeus and went to
the point of dividing the genus into four superspecies *. . . according to the
presence or absence of branchiostegal or pterygostomian spines and to the
nature of the postrostral armature’. Pérez Farfante (1977) revised the subfamily
and, besides proposing that the subfamilies hitherto accepted should be elevated
to the category of families of the superfamily Penaeoidea, divided Hymeno-
penaeus into five genera partly based on the superspecific groups elaborated by
Burkenroad (1936). In doing so Pérez Farfante takes into consideration the
*. .. Shape of the antennular flagella and rostrum, proportions of the carapace,
number and comparative size of the articles of the mandibular palp, presence or
absence of certain carinae on the carapace, relative dimensions of the posterior

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PENAEOID FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE 125

two pairs of pereiopods, location of the distolateral spine of the lateral ramus
of the uropod, structure of the petasma and degree of development of the
arthrobranchia on somite VII’, as well as those characteristics originally used
by Burkenroad.

The system presented is very comprehensive and covers the previously
known species extremely well. However, whereas the six specimens caught in
southern Mozambique belong clearly to the family Solenoceridae and would
have fitted into the genus Hymenopenaeus sensu lato, they do not belong to any
of the five genera established by Pérez Farfante (1977), and have therefore been
placed in a new genus, Cryptopenaeus.

Table 1 sets out the similarities and differences between Cryptopenaeus and
the other five genera, Hymenopenaeus, Haliporoides, Pleoticus, Hadropenaeus,
and Mesopenaeus. The new genus is closely allied to Hymenopenaeus and
Haliporoides but differs from the former in the arrangement of the rostral
teeth, the absence of branchiostegal spines, the presence of a mid-dorsal carina
on abdominal segments 2 and 3 and also by the short rostrum with a strongly
convex ventral margin. Cryptopenaeus differs from Haliporoides in the arrange-
ment of the rostral teeth, presence of a dorsal carina on the second abdominal
segment, by the absence of a suprahepatic spine and by the short rostrum with a
strongly convex ventral margin. The petasma of Cryptopenaeus differs from that
of the other five genera in having the ventrolateral lobule entirely occupied by
the ventral costa.

Cryptopenaeus catherinae sp. nov.
Fig. 1
Material

Holotype: SAM-A16148 in the South African Museum, Cape Town,
3, 46,7 mm carapace length, caught off Cape Santa Maria in southern Mozam-
bique (26°06’S 33°08’E) at a depth of 350 metres, on 16 December 1969.

Alloptype: SAM-A16149 in the South African Museum, Cape Town,
2, 63,2 mm carapace length, caught off Monte Bello in southern Mozambique
(25°00’S 35°21’E) at a depth of 500 metres, in September 1976.

Paratypes: 4 gg, 44,5-47,7 mm carapace length, caught off southern
Mozambique at a depth of 310 metres, in June 1973. One male paratype is in
the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., and the
remaining three will be sent to the British Museum (Natural History).

Description

Rostrum. Slightly downwardly directed, reaching to or just beyond end of
first antennular segment; ventral margin convex; rostral teeth *4°; epigastric
and three other teeth situated behind postorbital margin of carapace; adrostral
carina short, just reaching postorbital margin; postrostral carina very well
developed, long, almost reaching posterior margin of carapace and with
conspicuous notch behind epigastric tooth; median groove absent.

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

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A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PENAEOID FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE 127

Carapace. Uniformly glabrous and lightly punctate; gastrofrontal and
postocular grooves and horizontal suture absent; no supra-orbital spine;
cervical sulcus and carina very well developed and long but not reaching dorsal
midline; cervical carina terminating anteroventrally in prominent hepatic spine;
gastro-orbital carina absent; postorbital spine prominent; antennal spine
present but relatively small; antennal carina absent; orbito-antennal groove
restricted to wide depression extending from below postorbital spine to below
hepatic spine; hepatic carina sharp, anteroventrally directed and situated just
anterior and below hepatic spine; hepatic sulcus wide and deep; extending
posteriorly below hepatic spine; branchiocardiac carina distinct but not very
sharp. Branchiostegal spine absent; pterygostomian spine prominent and sharp;
submarginal carina long and sharp; no vertical suture or carina.

Antennule. Flagella subequal in length; about 2,5 times length of antennular
peduncle; subcylindrical; mesial flagella twice as thick as lateral flagella;
prosartema flexible with pointed apex, reaching just beyond distal end of first
antennular peduncle, copiously provided with long setae; stylocerite sharply
pointed distally, straight and reaching just beyond end of eye or to end of first
antennular article; distolateral spine prominent and long; parapenaeid spine
absent.

Scaphocerite. Distolateral spine reaching just beyond distal end of anten-
nular peduncle; apex of lamella extending beyond distolateral spine; basicerite
with single broad blunt tooth distally.

Mandibular palp. Reaching to about basal one-third of carpocerite;
proximal article 1,8 times as long as wide; distal article subequal to proximal,
tapering to rounded apex.

Maxilliped III. Endopodite not exhibiting sexual dimorphism; reaching
distal end of scaphocerite; exopodite short, reaching less than half-way along
merus of endopodites; epipodite present.

Pereiopods. Exopodites present on all pereiopods, well developed, longest
on first periopod and shortest on fifth; epipodites present on pereiopods I-IV;
basipodites of first, second and third with prominent spines; ischial spine
present on first pereiopod only; distinct coxal spine on fifth pereiopod.
Pereiopod IV reaching to apex of mandibular palp; pereiopod V reaching to
distal end of antennular peduncle. Extended laterally lengths of pereiopods in
ascending order are: first, second and fourth, third and fifth.

Abdomen. Uniformly glabrous; mid-dorsal carina present from posterior
half of second segment to end of sixth where it terminates in short spine; short
vertical groove on pleura of first segment; lateral carinae absent.

Telson. Slightly longer than sixth segment; about as long as mesial ramus
of uropod; median groove deep, occupying only anterior half of telson; apical
spine somewhat blunt; pair of inconspicuous, very short, fixed subapical spines
present; movable marginal spines lacking.

Thelycum. Simple open structure; anterior portion formed by vertical
posterior face of sternite between fourth pereiopods; posterior face with short

128 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 1. Cryptopenaeus catherinae sp. noy. A. Lateral view, holotype 3 46,7 mm carapace
length. B. Right prosartema. C. Telson. D. Left mandibular palp, ventral view. E. Left
appendix masculina and interna, ventral view. F. Appendix masculina, dorsal view. G. Distal
subquadrate process of right half of petasma. H. Petasma, ventral view. I. Thelycum.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PENAEOID FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE 129

median groove and low lateral ridges; covered with short setae and obscured by
coxal protuberances of fourth pereiopods. Posterior portion (between fifth
pereiopods) consisting of elongate plate; broad central ridge occupying slightly
more than anterior two-thirds of plate; well-defined lateral ridges extending
from posterior sternal process to anterior margin of somite; two suboval,
setose, boss-like structures present between anterior third of lateral ridges and
median ridge; anterior margin of posterior sternal process interrupted by deep
median sulcus.

Petasma. Simple and very slightly involuted; dorsomedian lobule about
two-fifths of total length of petasma; entirely united along midline; ventro-
median lobule elongate and subtriangular; inner membranous section folded
slightly on itself; heavily sclerotinized central ridge running length of lobule
terminating distally in thick subquadrate process; distal margin smooth;
proximolateral angle of quadrate process beak-like with four or five blunt teeth;
ventral face of process concave; dorsal face convex; dorsolateral lobule elongate
and subtriangular; apex situated under proximolateral angle of distal ventro-
median process; lower inner angle forms small proximal process; ventral surface
sparsely covered with long setae; ventral costa (occupying entire ventrolateral
lobule) extending along lateral margin of petasma reaching half way into distal
ventromedian process; apex free and bi-lobed; dorsal lobe longer than ventral
lobe; ventral lobe with one to four minute teeth.

Appendix masculina. Dorsally convex, ventrally concave, roughly trapezoid
in shape; distal margin with row of short, stout setae; appendix interna subequal
in length to appendix masculina, half fitting into concave face of latter;
elongate with concave median surface; apex with short stout setae. Basal segment
of endopodite of pleopod II as wide as long, its distolateral portion concave,
subtriangular and produced into long, blunt spur.

Colour in life. Body generally red, carapace with broad white stripe running
from below hepatic sulcus to almost posterior margin of carapace on each side;
this stripe wider in posterior half of carapace; on abdominal segments brighter
ted patch running anteroventrally on each pleuron; distinct white longitudinal
stripe on dorsal carina of abdominal segments 4-6; telson and uropods pinkish
white becoming red along posterior edges; lateral margins of scaphocerite red;
rostral crest and pereiopods pinkish white; basal segments of pleopods grey to
white; pleopodal endopodites greyish white becoming bright red distally;
marginal setae of pleura, pleopods and uropods orange while those of scapho-
cerite and antennules white.

Distribution

Known only from the type locality.

Ecological notes

All the specimens were collected from the same general area, namely the
Limpopo Bight in southern Mozambique. This is an important fishing ground

130 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

where the main species of interest are the spiny lobster, Palinurus delagoae,
caught in about 280-350 metres, the langoustine, Nephrops andamanicus,
trawled in 320-380 metres, and the pink or knife prawn, Haliporoides triarthrus,
found in 300-500 metres.

In this area, the continental slope is relatively gentle down to 500 metres
after which it drops very steeply to about 3 000 metres. The substrate consists
of muddy sand to sandy mud and the temperature at 300-500 metres depth
recorded in April and September 1964 was 11-13°C (Instituto Hidrogrdafico
Lisbon 1965, 1967).

Although Cryptopenaeus catherinae has so far been found only in the type
locality, it seems feasible to expect that, as its associate species, Haliporoides
triarthrus, Aristeomorpha foliacea and Penaeopsis balssi are found off the coast
of Natal, the distribution of C. catherinae could possibly extend southward as
well.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank the Fisheries Development Corporation and the South
African Association for Marine Biological Research for their financial and
administrative assistance; Dr Isabel Pérez Farfante of the Systematics
Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington D.C., U.S.A., for
having checked the identity of this species and for the meticulous way in which
she read and criticized my manuscript; Professor A. E. F. Heydorn, Director of
the Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, for his encouragement and for
his criticism of the manuscript; Dr P. F. Berry for reading and criticizing the
paper; and finally my wife, after whom this species is named, for her encourage-
ment, patience and understanding.

REFERENCES

BARNARD, K. H. 1950. Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod crustacea. Ann. S. Afr.
Mus, 38: 1-837.

Bate, C. S. 1881. On the Penaeidae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 8: 169-196.

Bate, C. S. 1888. Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during
the years 1873-1876. Rep. Sci. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76, Zool. 24: 1-942.

Bouvier, E. L. 1906. Observations sur les Peneides du genre Haliporus Bate. Bull. Mus.
Oceanogr., Monaco 81: 1-10.

BURKENROAD, M. D. 1936. The Aristaeinae, Solerocerinae, and pelagic Penaeinae of the
Bingham Oceanographic Collection. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 5(2): 1-151.

INsTITUTO HipROGRAFICO LISBON. 1965. Resultados das observagées oceanograficas no Canal
de Mocambique, Cruzeiro AL 1/64: Abril-Maio 1964 1: 1-73.

INstiruTO HiproGRAFIco LisBon. 1967. Resultados das observagées oceanograficas no Canal
de Mocambique, Cruzeiro AL 2/64: Setembro-Outubro 1964 3: 1-107.

KENSLEY, B. F. 1968. Deep sea decapod Crustacea from west of Cape Point, South Africa.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 50: 283-323.

Lucas, P. H. 1849. Genus Solenocera Lucas. Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 1: 300.

PEREZ FARFANTE, I. 1977. American solenocerid shrimps of the genera Hymenopenaeus,

Se ee Pleoticus, Hadropenaeus new genus, and Mesopenaeus new genus. Fish. Bull.
75: 261-346.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PENAEOID FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE

ei

SmiTH, S. I. 1882. Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander
Agassiz, on the East Coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880 by the

U.S. Coast Survey Steamer ‘Blake’. 17: Report on the Crustacea, 1: Decapoda. Bull. Mus.
comp. Zool., Harv. 10: 1-108.

Woop-Mason, J. & AtcocKk, A. 1891. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian Marine
Survey steamer ‘Investigator’, Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R.N., commanding. No 21.
Note on the results of the last season’s deep-sea dredging. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 8:

268-286.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the /nternational code of zoological nomenclature
(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be
followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb.
nov., syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening
punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s
name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed’in parentheses if a
species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of
a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published
scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological
order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae
Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A
Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.
Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50.
Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b).
Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.
Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:
comma separates author’s name and year
semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author
full stop separates references by different authors
figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures
dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby
the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is
not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-
mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material
not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,
depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes
must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype
SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach
Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and date.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text _
e.g. *... the Figure depicting C. namacolus ...’; *. .. in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded
by initials or full names
e.g. DuToit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

(c) Scientific names, but not their vernacular derivatives
e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a
book or article, such as
“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’ ae

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation
to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively. ;

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the
abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of
Biological Abstracts.

NT

ANTONIO J. DE FREITAS

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF

THE PENAEOID FAMILY

SOLENOCERIDAE (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA) FROM
SOUTH-EAST AFRICAN WATERS