NNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
NNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

e

Volume 54 °&#Band
April
1969

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF
SOUTHERN AFRICA

By

ATH A. J. HESSE
ABM HSONI 4

570 1969
LisgaRricz

Cape Town Kaapstad

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ANNALS OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME 54

A
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ANNALS

OF THE

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VOLUME 54

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1969

ey RD

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

By
A. J. HEsse
South African Museum, Cape Town
(With 2 plates, 26 figures and 2 maps)

CONTENTS
[MS. received 1 August 1966]

PAGE
Introduction : : ; c I
Definition of the family : e 2
Habits and biology g : : 3
Classification 0 : . é 8
Key to subfamilies, ie and pcacce 10
Descriptions : - 19
Summary - ° : é 3 O2
Zacenowledgements . a 3 O2
References 2 : 2 89309
Index - : : 3 ; “385

INTRODUCTION

Before 1924 our knowledge of the Mydaid fauna of South Africa was limited
by the few species described by Wiedemann (1828 and 1830), Macquart
(1838) and Gerstaecker (1868). In 19246 Bezzi, however, published a revision
of the South African representatives of the family, based mainly on material
in the South African Museum. Notwithstanding previous attempts at a revision
of the entire family, as represented in both the Old and New Worlds, by authors
such as Wiedemann (1831), Westwood (1841) and Gerstaecker (1868), Bezzi’s
contribution from South Africa alone, despite its shortcomings, must be con-
sidered as a pioneering effort indispensable to any future revision of the entire
family, a project which, because of the paucity of material in the various
museums, was believed by Séguy (1928) to be still ‘difficile sinon impossible’. In
his paper Bezzi dealt with 7 genera, of which no less than 4 are new, and 30
species of which he described 16 as new.

Since 1924 two other authors, Brunetti (1929) and Bequaert (1938, 1959 and
1963), especially the latter, have added some more species from Rhodesia,
South West Africa and South Africa to the list from southern Africa which,
together with a species each described by Sack (1935), Séguy (1929) and
Stuckenberg (1955), now stands at 48 species belonging to 10 genera.

Since 1924 the Mydaid material in the South African Museum, thanks

I

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 54, 1969: 1-388, 2 pls, 26 figs, 2 maps.

2 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

to organized collecting by various members of its staff, has been considerably
augmented and this, together with the rich and interesting material of other
museums and institutions in southern Africa, has increased the number of
species occurring in this part of Africa to such an extent that it can no longer
be maintained that Mydaidae are poorly represented in this part of the world.

This rich material from all these various sources has enabled me to attempt
a revision of our local forms in which some changes, different interpretations of
genera and species and many new forms are described, all of which I hope will
be a contribution to our taxonomic knowledge of these interesting Diptera and
be at least of geographical significance if ever a more serious attempt be made by
some more competent author to revise the Mydaidae of the whole world.

At present about 30 genera of Mydaidae in the world are known and a little
more than 200 species have been described. In this memoir 22 genera (12 new),
2 new subgenera and 156 species (108 new) from southern Africa alone are
dealt with, numbers which imply that this sub-region of Africa is remarkably
rich in Mydaidae. These figures however are not to be taken as an indication of
the existence of a special paradise for this family at the tip of the African
continent, but rather as an indirect compliment to the collecting abilities of
Museum personnel in a small section of this part of the world. If similar organ-
ized collecting of these insects were to be conducted in all parts of southern
Africa, in other parts of Africa and in other parts of the world Mydaidae in
collections would not be so rare as at present, and South Africa would have to
give up its present claim as the geographical home of a very large percentage of
these insects.

DEFINITION OF THE FAMILY

Representatives of this dipterous family, which shows affinities with the
Asilidae, are very easily recognized by the shape of the head in which the frons
is excavated and the eyes are dichoptic in both sexes; by the presence of a
single ocellus; by the four-segmented antennae of which the last or fourth
segment (club) is either elongated and thickened, or markedly inflated, tumid,
globular, or pyriform and usually ending in a small crater-like protuberance or
tubercle of variable size on the terminal dorsal aspect and surrounded below by
a modified sensory area of variable extent; by the complicated and characteris-
tic venation in the wings in which the longitudinal veins, unlike those in any
other Diptera, except the Apioceridae and Nemestrinidae, are all directed and
bent forwards towards the apex of the wings, even the fourth vein ending at or
before the apex.

These few characters in combination at once distinguish them from all
other Diptera, but other distinguishing features are: the usually tumidly promi-
nent or protuberant middle part (clypeus) of the face; the presence of a very
peculiar callosity or smooth protuberance (so-called “bulla’), of unknown func-
tion, on each side across hind margin of the second abdominal tergite; the
presence of a row, or half a circlet, of spines or bristles on a sclerite (oviscape)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 3

on each side of the last modified and usually centrally carinate or keeled per-
pendicular tergite in the females; the characteristic hypopygial structures of
the males, so well described and figured by Bequaert (1938) and as illustrated
by the figures in this memoir; the thickened or incrassate hind femora (in a very
large number of species), armed below with backwardly-directed stoutish
spines, usually in two or four rows; and by the relatively poor development of
the vestiture, sometimes almost bare body and entire absence of distinct bristles.

The complicated venation in the wings, apart from the costal vein or
anterior margin and the subcostal vein, usually consists of a long second vein
(R,) ending near apex of wing and which in its apical part receives all or most
of the other veins (Ry, Ry, R;, M,), all bent forwards towards it (R; constituting
an appendix). The endings of the last two (R; and M, (or M, + .)) either in
apical part or beyond apex of second vein sometimes constitute generic differ-
ences, though not always reliable. The hind border of the wings up to the anal
vein is in most genera without any transverse veins or veins connecting the
system to the hind margin.

The series of cells enclosed by the various veins are usually: the costal,
marginal, first submarginal, second submarginal, sometimes a third submar-
ginal, long first basal, second basal, anal, discoidal (in middle), first posterior,
so-called third posterior and the axillary lobe.

For the elucidation of the wing venation of Mydaidae the reader is referred
to Séguy (1928: 135 and 136), Hennig (1954: 337-340, figs 175-177) and to
Bequaert (1961a: 6 and 7).

Most of the species of Mydaidae are fairly large, elongated insects, resem-
bling asilid- or conopid- or some syrphid-diptera and scoliid- or vespid-
hymenoptera. Among the mydaids are the largest Diptera in the world, but
these occur in South America, where the giant among Diptera is Mydas heros,
which may reach a length of 55 mm (or 2} inches). The largest South African
species is Afroleptomydas omeri, of which some females may reach a length of
29 mm.

HaABITs AND BIOLOGY

Adults of the Mydaidae, presumably mainly species of Mydas in the New
World, are stated to be carnivorous by some authors, while others maintain
that they visit flowers. In all my experience, as well as that of other collectors
in South Africa, these insects have never been observed to hunt, catch or prey
upon other insects as the asilids do. Quite a few species of the genus Afrolepto-
mydas and some species of Cephalocera have however been caught on flowers,
presumably imbibing nectar.

In South Africa individual flies are invariably found resting on the ground
or sand in open spaces between bushes, very frequently in paths made by
animals or man. A sandy environment is more frequently the favoured habitat.
A large number of species appear to occur along the coastal belt, consisting of

4 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

sand dunes and dune flora.

Mydaids have a characteristic rapid gliding flight reminiscent of partridges,
flying up and disappearing as quickly and as mysteriously within a limited field
of observation. They usually rest with the wings open or partially open. They
are by no means common, even in localities where they are known to occur.
Much walking to and fro over a large area and keen observation are necessary
to discover representatives; an entire day’s collecting will reward the collector
with only a few specimens.

Seasonal occurrence: Species of Mydaidae are also strictly seasonal in their
appearance, flying about only during their appointed season, being entirely
absent at any other time of the year. Different species may be captured at
different times almost throughout the year, though most species, in the Cape
Province at least, occur from September to January. Some forms, however, are
only to be seen during July and August.

Distribution in southern Africa: Mydaidae in southern Africa appear to be
remarkably restricted as species or varieties in their distribution. Any one
species appears not to be widely distributed as in the case of other sand-frequent-
ing Diptera, such as the Asilidae and Bombyliidae. This relatively restricted
occurrence has caused some wrong identification of species. Species occurring
in the Cape Peninsula are replaced either by distinct varietal forms or by
related, but entirely different, species 50 miles either to the east or to the west
along the sandy coastal belt. Along the western coastal region species, occurring
more to the south, are different from those occurring in Namaqualand and
farther north. Moving eastwards along the southern coastal region the collector
meets with a different species, or series of species, almost every 50 miles.

In the valleys or around towns in the more inland mountainous parts
different montane forms are to be found. Beyond the mountainous belt in the
Koup Karoo, Little Karoo and Great Karoo species occur which, even if
related to southern coastal or Namaqualand forms, are entirely different and
also differ as species respectively in these different types of Karoo, even though
the general semi-arid environment may have much in common. Species of the
eastern Cape do not occur in the western Cape and those occurring in the far
eastern Cape often differ from those met with in Natal and Zululand. Forms
occurring in South West Africa differ entirely from species inhabiting the
various provinces of the Republic, Mozambique, Rhodesia and east Africa.

Not only is this geographical restriction applicable to species, but also to
most of the genera (see maps 1 and 2). Some genera occur only in the eastern
Cape, Natal and south-eastern Africa whereas other closely related genera are
to be found only along the western coastal region, in the western Cape, Nama-
qualand and South West Africa. The genus Ectyphus (map 2), for instance,
occurs mainly in the wooded parts of the south-eastern transitional Karoo, the
forested parts of the eastern Cape and into Natal. The genera Heteroleptomydas
Beq., Nomoneura Bezz. s.str., Neolaparopsis n.gen., Haplomydas Bezz. and Nomo-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOINAV NYAHLNOS NI AUVGIVGAW
1O VUINID JO NOILNAIMLSIG TVOIHdVaDOFD
T av

bag sopdiuo;qajosaazy = 6

‘uad"U Sppdiu01g = g

(‘uasqns'u sngososdossosy) ‘bag sopduojqajoufy = 1
(sopdiuojfaT wo) ‘bag sopdiuojgajoufy = 9

: ‘uad'u snudios0uyT = ¢

“bag sopdiuojqvyowag = %
"ZZag supduojgoy = §
‘uad'u saporgsag = Z%
"Z29gq sigjesupqy = |

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOIYAVY NYPHLAOS NI AVGIVGAIN

JO VYAINAS JO NOILNAILSIG TVOIHdIVaoodo

z avy

‘uad'u spptuoyjoy’ = pI

“yuan snyddoy = §1

*uad'u saposssojvy dary = ZY

*aywT vsa90)0yGa7) = 1]

‘29, 12019101] = OT
‘udu sopdiununy: = 6
*uas'u sopdiuoday(sojoyy = Q

| ‘uas'u sappy =
(‘uasdqns'u savqojoy’) "yoag sopdiuodayds = 9
‘uas'u sniuaundody = G

‘uas'U spphiuouuy = p

—— "uaB'u saproinauowoyy = §

‘udu sisdosndvjoayy = %

*4S'S “ZZ VANIUOON = |

aqMOTAIM'S

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA il

neuroides n.gen. are all south-east African in their distribution.

Species of Mydaselpis Bezz. occur in the south-western coastal region, the
Koup and Little Karoo up to the north-western Transvaal, whereas the species
of the very nearly related Vespiodes n.gen. inhabit the subtropical parts of
northern Transvaal, Rhodesia and central Africa. The genus Cephalocera Latr.
and the new genus Arenomydas are only represented in the south-western and
western Cape, western Karoo and Namaqualand and not to the east of about
longitude 23. Namamydas n.gen. is only represented by a species from the north-
western Cape, and so is the new genus Nothomydas.

The genera Eremohaplomydas Beq., Lachnocorynus n.gen., Namadytes n.gen.
and WVotosyllegomydas n.gen. appear to occur only in South West Africa. The new
genus Cephalocerodes is remarkable in that its more typical representatives occur
in Rhodesia and in a part of South West Africa bordering Botswana (Bechuana-
land), but an aberrant form of it is found in the Koup Karoo.

The most widely distributed genus is Afroleptomydas Beq. (olim Leptomydas
of authors) of which species appear to occur all over southern Africa, but even it
is represented by typical forms and aberrant forms (the latter belonging to the
new subgenus Crossoprosopus). ‘The more typical species appear to occur mainly
along the southern and south-eastern coastal regions whereas the slightly
aberrant representatives of the new subgenus occur more inland in the Karoo,
Botswana (Bechuanaland), the Kalahari and into Rhodesia.

The north African Syllegomydas Beck. is not represented in South Africa,
but in Rhodesia it is represented by a new subgenus WVolobates.

Life History: As regards life histories of representatives of this family, the
development of not a single South African species is known. Life histories, or
certain stages of these, of a few North and South American species of Mydas
are known. In these cases it is stated that the larvae occur in decaying wood
and in some cases are said to be predaceous upon coleopterous larvae (Malloch,
1917) and also on the pupae of certain Lepidoptera (Johnson, 1926). Séguy
(1928) gives descriptions of the little that is known: of the egg, larva and pupal
stage, as well as a general résumé of what is known of the biology and habits of
the family, also based mostly on species of Mydas.

As in the case of the Asilidae, and also other insects, with circlets of spines
at the apex of the abdomen of the females and where the egg-laying habits are
better known, this armature at the end of the abdomen of most genera of
Mydaidae, however, suggests scooping or digging operations in loose soil or
sand for oviposition, indicating the biology of a type of larva which lives and
develops in soil or sand like the larvae of Asilidae, or which parasitizes the
subterranean larvae or pupae of other kinds of insects. Members of the South
African Museum staff have in fact witnessed such digging operations carried
out by females of the species Cephalocera longirostris.

With the exception of species of Mydaselpis and Vespiodes the representatives
of all other known genera in southern Africa have this circlet of spines at the

8 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

end of the abdomen, an adaptive structure which suggests a different type of
biology from that of genera lacking distinct spines as in the case of the two
South African ones mentioned above and foreign genera such as Mydas. Not
before we know more of the biology of the genera armed with spines on the
oviscape is it possible to generalize for the family as a whole.

CLASSIFICATION OF MyDAIDAE

The taxonomic identity of Mydaid genera, as defined in literature, appears
to be very confusing and great vagueness and uncertainty exist as regards the
limits of any one genus. Some authors based their diagnosis of the various genera
mainly on wing-venation. Others supplemented their definitions by concen-
trating on the presence or absence, or relative length, of the proboscis, the form
of the antennal clubs and the nature of the vestiture.

As the hypopygial structures of the males appear to be superficially uniform
in the various species of the large genera, such as Mydas, Afroleptomydas and
Cephalocera, these structures have not been used in the systematics of genera as
they deserve to be. Bequaert, in his various publications, more particularly in
those of 1961a (8-15) and 1962 (1-68), is however the only author who paid
special attention to the genitalia of the males, especially the structure and nature
of the aedeagus, as a basis for the definition and separation of genera and groups
of genera. This procedure is also adopted in this revision.

The characters used as distinguishing features in the separation of the
various South African genera are, in order of importance:

(a) The shape, form and structure of the aedeagal apparatus in the males
together with secondary modification of other supplementary hypopygial
structures (the nomenclature used is based on that of Bequaert).

(b) Toa much lesser extent the shape, form and nature of the vertical carina
on the last genital segment (tergite) in the females, the presence or absence of a
row Of spines on the sclerite (oviscape) on each side below this terminal tergite
and to a certain extent also the size of the anal lobe.

(c) Venational characters as evidenced by the apical ending of the posterior
vein of the so-called first posterior cell (e.g. whether the latter cell is closed
apically on the second vein (R,), or opens on this latter vein or on the costal
margin itself, or appears stalked apically as it ends against the forwardly-directed
apical part or end of the second vein).

(d) Other venational characters, such as the junction of the base of the
posterior vein of the so-called third posterior cell with either the apical trans-
verse vein of the second basal cell or that of the anal cell, and presence or
absence of a transverse connecting vein between the third posterior cell and
hind margin of the wings.

(e) Nature of the vestiture and the presence or absence of hairs on the
metanotum, mesopleuron and pteropleuron.

(f) Shape and length of the antennae, especially of segment 3 and the club.

(g) Shape, length, vestigial nature or absence of the proboscis.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 9

(h) Nature, form and structure of the hind legs, especially the femora.

(2) Microsculpture, sculpture or puncturation on the thorax, metanotum
and abdomen.

Grouping of the genera: For the grouping of the various genera into special
sections based on similarity of the aedeagal apparatus and wing-venation
Bequaert (1961a: 16 and 17) suggested the establishment of two large divisions
or subfamilies, the Heteromydainae and Orthomydainae, subdividing the
latter into two subsections Orthomydainae oligoneurinae and Orthomydainae
polyneurinae. Subsequently in 1963: 1, to conform to rules of taxonomy, he sub-
stituted the subfamily names of Mydainae (= Orthomydainae oligoneurinae),
Diochlistinae (= Orthomydainae polyneurinae) and Syllegomydainae
(= Heteromydainae).

These suggested major divisions of Bequaert are to be recommended as
very suitable and convenient for the grouping of all the known genera of
Mydaidae.

According to Bequaert all the known genera with the aedeagus in the
33 double (divided into two phallic tubes), with only two submarginal cells
in the wings of which the second opens on the second vein (R,) and without a
cross-vein to hind margin or border of the wings are to be referred to the sub-
family Syllegomydainae.

To his subfamily Mydainae belong all genera in which the aedeagus
of the J¢ is single (with only one or a single median phallic tube) and with the
normal second submarginal cell either also opening on second vein (R,) as in
the Syllegomydainae, but in which case there is however present a cross-vein
in hind border of the wings, or the second submarginal cell opening, or partially
opening, on costal vein and the wings in this case without a cross-vein in hind
border.

To his remaining subfamily Diochlistinae are to be referred all genera
which, though also in possession of a single aedeagus in the 3g, have in addition
three submarginal cells in the wings of which the second constitutes an apically-
stalked enclosed cell between the first and third submarginal cells.

In the geographical subregion dealt with in this revision all the known
genera, except the anomalous genus Ectyphus Gerst., belong to the large sub-
family Syllegomydainae. As the genus Ectyphus has a single aedeagus it is
referable to the Mydainae, but it apparently occupies an anomalous position
within this latter subfamily on account of a wing venation which is very similar
to that found in the Syllegomydainae. In this respect is is also different from the
other genera of the Mydainae, such as Perissocerus Gerst. and Rhopalia Macq.,
in which the second submarginal cell opens on the costal vein and not on the
second vein. The presence of a cross-vein in hind border of its wings however
differentiates it from the Syllegomydainae.

For purposes of convenience the African genera belonging to the large
subfamily Syllegomydainae are subdivided into the following new tribes in this
revision:

Io ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(a) Syllegomydaimi n.tribe which includes the following genera and
subgenera: Haplomydas Bezz., Eremohaplomydas Beq., Lachnocorynus n.gen.,
Afroleptomydas Beq., Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus n.subgen.), Oreomydas n.gen.,
Heteroleptomydas Beq., Nomoneura Bezz., Neolaparopsis n.gen., Nomoneuroides
n.gen., Arenomydas n.gen., Agaparemius n.gen., Syllegomydas (Notobates n.subgen.),
Namadytes n.gen., Notosyllegomydas n.gen., Namamydas n.gen., Halterorchis Bezz.
and Nothomydas n.gen.

(5) Mydaselpini n.tribe to accommodate Mydaselpis Bezz., Vespiodes
n.gen. and the remarkable genus Afromydas Beq. from Somaliland.

(c) Cepkalocerini n.tribe to which the genera Cephalocera Latr. and the
new genus Cephalocerodes are referred.

The characters which distinguish and differentiate the various subfamilies,
new tribes, genera and subgenera are summarized in the descriptive key which
follows:

DEsGRIPTIVE KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES, GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE
KNOWN AFRICAN MyYDAIDAE

1. (a) Aedeagus in $$ double, divided either from base or distally into two distinct and sepa-
rate phallic or aedeagal tubes; wings with only 2 submarginal cells of which the normal
second opens on second vein (R,) and without any posterior cross-vein in hind border

2 (Subfam. Syllegomydainae Beq.)
Aedeagus in $¢ single, ending in a single phallic tube or gonopore; wings either with 3
submarginal cells of which the normal second forms an apically-stalked enclosed cell
between the first and third or, if with only 2 submarginal cells, the second opens on costal
margin or on second vein, but in latter case with a posterior cross-vein in hind border 25

(b

wa

2. (a) Wings with the posterior vein of third posterior cell originating from apical cross-vein of
second basal cell, the former cell thus tending to be much narrowed basally; sternite 9
in gg usually more inflated or conically tumid or more deeply hollowed out scoop-like
above, with a more prong- or spine-like, backwardly projecting process on each side
dorsally; aedeagal apparatus of $¢ various, but usually not in form of two long, curved,
stethoscope-like, phallic tubes arising in front of a shield-like basal sclerite; proboscis, if
well developed, usually thicker, stouter, with broadish labella_ .. os Samens
Wings with posterior vein of third posterior cell originating from distal part of the cubital
or anterior vein of anal cell and not from apical cross-vein of second basal cell, the third
posterior cell thus much broadened basally; sternite 9g in gg more dorso-ventrally
flattened, more shovel-like or navicular, with a more flattened, inwardly-curved process,
sometimes broadened apically and hollowed out spoon-like on inner aspect, aedeagal
apparatus of $¢ in form of two long or very long, inwardly-curved, stethoscope-like,
phallic tubes, arising in front of a medial, basal, shield-like or quadrate sclerite; probos-
cis, even if reduced or short, usually thin and slender, sometimes very long, with much
smaller terminal labella .. Ee Be Sc 56 24 (Cephalocerini n.tribe)

Phallic tubes of aedeagus in known ¢¢ thick, stoutish, shortish, and with a conspicuous
funnel-like gonopore; sternite g in known ¢¢ usually more navicular or scoop-like,
hollowed out dorsally or posteriorly much compressed, or posteriorly broadly indented,
rarely conical; oviscape in known 92° with a few or a row of much thinner, more bristle-
like spines, or only with a row of bristly hairs; terminal segments in 9Q narrowed,
protruding beyond tergite 8; tibiae with the hairs markedly short, usually stiffish, or
sometimes spine-like and situated on more distinct granules, especially on hind ones
below, and with the spicules, at least on hind ones, below reduced or small; abdomen
usually distinctly more pedunculate or subpedunculate, more distinctly or markedly
narrowed waist-like near middle or between segments 2 and 4, usually very densely

(6

ar

(a

—

1S)

(0)

(6)

(a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA II

punctured or sculptured, either very coarsely or finely so; species usually more vespid-
or conopid-like .. 2 .. 4 (Mydaselpini n.tribe)
Phallic tubes in known 33 dierent eneoed! ene more slender, longer and more
pointed, or curved and horn-like, or very long and slender or, if not long, very short and
sessile, and usually with an inconspicuous and small gonopore, or with the pore only
conspicuous at end of very long tubes; sternite 9 in known g¢ usually distinctly more
tumidly conical or inflated or laterally compressed in apical part, rarely navicular
or much dorso-ventrally flattened scoop-like and, if broadly indented apically, other
characters do not differ; oviscape in known 2? with a row of very distinct, conspicuous,
broadish, stoutish, flattened spines on each side; terminal segments in 22 more trun-
cately or obliquely under tergite 8, composed of an upper, centrally-carinate, perpen-
dicular sclerite and a spine-bearing oviscape-sclerite on each side below it; tibiae with
relatively longer, finer, usually less spine-like hairs, usually not situated on granules
(or these are scarcely perceptible), and with the spicules, especially on hind ones,
usually longer, sometimes more numerous; abdomen not markedly narrowed waist-like,
and, if slightly narrowed between segments 2 and 3 (or 4), usually not coarsely or very
densely punctured or sculptured and, if punctured, other characters conform; species
usually more asilid- or scoliid- or apid-like .. Be 6 (Syllegomydaini n.tribe)
Aedeagal apparatus in §¢ without a distinct epimere in front of the two phallic tubes;
sternite 9 in gg more roundly convex broadish, scoop-like, in side view more rounded
posteriorly, not or only slightly indented medially, not deeply so, its processes more
slender, with shorter and sparser hairs below; oviscape in 922 with a row of longer,
stouter bristles; abdomen stouter, distinctly more coarsely and densely punctured,
pitted, or rugulosely punctured above; tergite 1 more coarsely punctured across middle
discally, and with fairly long, dense, mane-like hairs across sides basally and middle
discally, usually without, or with less, conspicuous silvery or greyish white bloom on
sides basally and on metapleurae, metasternal parts and hind coxae; clypeus smaller,
less convex, more sloping straight down; hind femora less clavately thickened, their
base less slender; hind tibiae with oe but distinct, spicules along inner face and near
apex, especially in 99... a My .. Mpydaselpis Bezz.
Aedeagal apparatus in $¢ either “fil a 1 pfesril more dlisitact epimere, or more conspi-
cuous process or tongue-shaped lobe, or with a double epimere; sternite 9 in jg either
narrowed, laterally compressed posteriorly, in side view more vertically or sharply
truncate apically, or sometimes more conical and posteriorly distinctly more deeply
indented in middle, its processes stouter and broader, or shorter, with longer and denser
hairs below; oviscape in 29 with a row of finer, more hair-like bristles or bristly hairs,
or with very few of them bristle-like; abdomen more slender, sometimes distinctly more
pedunculately narrowed and waist-like at segments 2 and 3, either with dense or sparse,
much finer, or very fine aciculate, setiferous puncturation; tergite 1 only finely, more
sparsely punctured, sometimes transversely grooved or striated on sides and sides
basally, with only fine or much shorter, not densely mane-like, hairs on sides (if with
longish ones, these not separated mane-like on sides basally), usually with dense,
conspicuous, silvery whitish tomentum on sides basally and sometimes also on meta-
pleural, metasternal and hind coxal parts; clypeus usually longer, more bulging or
convexly prominent; hind femora usually more clavate, their base more slender, often
with more conspicuous transverse, node-like annulation; hind tibiae without any or
with only very much smaller spicules along inner face or apically,evenin92 .. 5
Epimere of aedeagal apparatus in $d single, in form of a spine-like, lobe-like, or tongue-
shaped process in front of and dorsal to the two phallic tubes; sternite 9 in ¢¢ less
indented posteriorly above; terminal abdominal segments in 99 more sharply tapering
and with a row of hair-like bristles or with only a few such bristles on apical section of
oviscape; abdomen distinctly more pedunculate, narrowed waist-like at segments 2
and 3; tergite 1 more usually transversely grooved or striated on sides and
basally; mesonotal part of thorax above finely hairy, without triangular, less sculptured,
bare or tomented areas anteriorly submedially and basally; pleural, especially meso-
pleural, metapleural and hypopleural parts, if not tomented, bare and without distinct
hairs ae a beg a ube aD as .. Vespiodes n.gen.

(= eptoias Sack nec Gerst.)

(= Mydaselpis Beq. nec Bezz.)

12

(0)

6. (a)

(5)

7. (a)

(0)

8. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Epimere of aedeagal apparatus in § double, in form of two sharply pointed prongs in
front of and dorsal to the two phallic tubes: sternite 9 in g deeply indented posteriorly
above; terminal abdominal segments in @ less pointed and with a row of bristly hairs
across apical section of oviscape; abdomen less pedunculate, less narrowed waist-like at
segments 2 and 3; tergite 1 apparently not transversely striated on sides; mesonotal
part above without, or with less distinct, hairs, with two submedial, anterior, triangular,
and two basal triangular, less sculptured, tomented areas; pleurae, especially hinder
part of mesopleuron, pteropleuron, metapleuron and hypopleuron, with some distinct
hairs BH ae oe 6 oe Se He Afromydas Beq. (ex descr.)

(from Somaliland)

Hind tibiae somewhat or distinctly compressed, longitudinally strongly carinate or
ridged below, ending apically below in a conspicuous, prominent, tooth- or spine-like
process in both sexes or in at least the gg; hind femora either markedly thickened,
incrassate, spindle-shaped, or distinctly strongly clavately thickened, with two rows of
spines below and also with some in a row, or some apically, external to the normal two
rows; proboscis either almost wanting, vestigial, or usually very short, confined to
buccal cavity, and in latter case with large, fleshy, elongate labella, usually longer than
basal part; bullae more linear along extreme hind margin, or narrow and more obliquely
situated; lateral lobes of tergite 9 in gg sometimes strongly chitinized apically and
armed there with a pad of distinct denticles, or sometimes with distinct setiferous granules
along margins apically below i a : ; a ey Sahay)

Hind tibiae more cylindrical, either non-carinate Bele feebly so, or only slightly so in
basal half, without any distinct or strong apical process or prong below, at most with
only a slight, insignificant prominence below; hind femora, even if much thickened, as in
some 6d, usually more clavately so and usually with only two rows, or sometimes even
only one, of spines below and, if with some scattered spines apically on outer side, these
do not constitute a distinct row and the other characters conform; proboscis usually
longer or very long and, if short and confined to buccal cavity or if vestigial, the labella
are not fleshy and hind leg-characters do not differ; bullae, if present, usually broader,
more ovate, bean-shaped or rounded, or occupying much of hind border; lateral lobes
of tergite 9 in gg more lappet-like, not armed with denticles or setiferous granules
apically oe Fe a ae ic 50 oie sie ar o6 |G)

Frons and face very much narrower, the interocular space on vertex very much less
than twice width of eye; vertex sunk in at middle; antennal clubs more elongate, more
bottle-shaped, with much larger terminal, crater-like tubercle; proboscis, though
reduced and short, still only a little shorter than buccal cavity; wings not pedunculate
basally, the alula much broader, more lobe-like; hind femora markedly incrassate, more
subspindle-shaped, especially in $d; lateral lobes of tergite 9 in Jd more broadened,
more truncate or subtruncate apically and armed there with a pad of coarser denticles;
processes of sternite 9 in f¢ more rod- or prong-like, narrowed apically
Haplomydas Bezz.
(= Heleomydas Séguy)
(=Rhopalia Brun. nec Macq.)

Frons and face markedly broad, the interocular space on vertex markedly broad, quite
or very little less than width of eye; vertex straighter, not distinctly sunk in; antennal
clubs either more subglobularly pyriform, subglobular, or berry-shaped, with much
shorter, or even small, crater-like terminal tubercle; proboscis wanting, or very rudi-
mentary, confined to base of buccal cavity; wings distinctly more narrowed or peduncu-
late basally, the alula much reduced, or only narrowly lobe-like: hind femora more
clavately thickened, with a longer narrow basal part; lateral lobes of tergite 9 in gd
more narrowed, or more roundly pointed apically, with fewer, less distinct denticles
apically, or with inconspicuous setiferous granules only; processes, not prong-like, more
dorso-ventrally depressed, or flattened, strap-like, upcurved and more broadened
apically <li ag Ne ay ue a0 0 oe = jacy 38

Antennae much shorter, very much shorter than thorax, segment 3 markedly short,
shorter than 1 and 2 combined, the club without conspicuous, fine, dense pubescence,
even in $9; proboscis wanting or very vestigial; wings with the apex of first posterior

(5)

9. (a)
(6)

10. (a)
(b)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 13

cell markedly broadened, the sides markedly divergent apically, and anal cell broader,
its apical stalk not reaching hind margin; vestiture poorly developed in both sexes,
sparse or short even on head; hind legs relatively shorter, the hind femora distinctly
shorter, with much shorter slender base and only a little more than a fourth their
length longer than shortened hind tibiae; processes of sternite 9 in jd very much reduced,
small, lappet-like; basal part of aedeagal apparatus broad, lobe-like

Eremohaplomydas Beq. (ex descr.)

Antennae much longer, slightly longer, or scarcely shorter, than thorax, segment 3
elongate, much longer than 1 and 2 combined, more annulated, the club appearing
hairy, with a conspicuous coating of very dense, fine pubescence, more conspicuous in
36d; proboscis short, rudimentary, but still perceptible; wings with apex of first posterior
cell less broadened, the sides of cell more subparallel, and anal cell narrower, its apical
stalk reaching hind margin; vestiture, especially in jg, distinctly longer, denser, very
dense and long on head, base of abdomen and on legs, a little shorter in 99; hind legs
markedly elongate relative to front and middle ones, the hind femora distinctly much
longer, with their base longer, more slender, the femora themselves very much more
than a fourth (nearer half) their length longer than the markedly shortened hind tibiae;
processes of sternite 9 in g¢ strongly developed, in form of long, upcurved, flattened
and apically-broadened and rounded structures; basal part of aedeagal apparatus more
slender, rod-like oe ats a at oe es .. Lachnocorynus n.gen.

Proboscis shorter, less than 3 mm long, sometimes very short, rudimentary or vestigial,
thicker and stouter; antennae longer, the clubs usually much shorter than rest of seg-
ments combined and, if sometimes subequal in length to or even slightly longer than,
proboscis is very short or rudimentary; tergite 2, if depressed transversely, either so
across its extreme base or much nearer base; abdomen in known 6g with 9 segments,
tergites 8 and g and sternite 8 being distinctly discernible; lateral lobes of tergite 9
usually in form of triangular flaps, not modified as part of copulatory apparatus; anal
lobes, even if reduced, usually broadish, not markedly narrowed at base .. HA LO

Proboscis longer, quite 3 mm long, thin and slender; antennae markedly short, the
clubs subequal in length to or slightly longer than the rest of segments combined;
tergite 2 deeply transversely depressed some distance away from base; abdomen in 3
with only 7 visible segments, tergites 8 and g and sternite 8 not externally visible,
hidden or absent, and only lateral lobes of tergite g projecting from under tergite 7 as
arched, flattened, strap-like structures, modified as part of copulatory apparatus,
broadened basally and truncate apically and curving down apically on each side to
inner sides of processes of sternite 9; anal lobes markedly narrowed or pedunculate
basally, more isosceles triangle-shaped We att Lh .. Nothomydas n.gen.

Aedeagal apparatus in known ¢¢ appearing three-pronged, composed of a stoutish
basal part, ending in a medial dorsal process, rod, or plate (epimere) and below it an
aedeagal or phallic tube on each side; central carina or keel on apical, perpendicular,
genital segment above the two sclerites (oviscape) bearing the spines in 99 usually
longer, more keel-like, the lower margins of this segment on each side of keel usually
straighter, not or scarcely making an angle or sharp angle at apex of keel and, if short
and arched, these hind margins are in a straight line; disc of thorax, if with bare streaks,
then usually with 4, the middle ones constituting a streak divided by a narrow central
streak of hairs or pale tomentum; postvertical spines usually more distinct, stouter and,
if absent, other characters conform .. aif at iN es Ws II

Aedeagal apparatus in known gd not three-pronged as above, but composed either
of a single tubular basal part ending apically in a dorsal and ventral part, or of three
distinct and separate elements, or of a central dorsal epimere and two aedeagal (phallic)
tubes usually divergent apically, or of only a dorsal epimere and below it a single
aedeagal ventral process which is forked apically, the forks (phallic tubes) of which
curve outwards apically or sometimes even downwards on each side; central carina or
keel on last perpendicular genital segment in known 99 either shorter, more arched or
bow-shaped, or very short and arched, the hind margins of this keeled segment on each
side of keel more often making a distinct angle of variable degree at apex of keel; disc of
thorax, if with bare streaks, then usually with only 3 broadish ones, the middle one not

ae:

1G

c2.

13.

(2)

(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

distinctly divided; postvertical spines not distinct, weaker, not clearly differentiated,
or absent a: 56 D6 ob i 16 ce ale Bie Be 0 7/

Proboscis more developed, of variable length, more often long or projecting beyond
buccal cavity and, if short, at least not rudimentary or vestigial; antennae longer or
longish, rarely very short or with segment 3 short; wings usually broader basally, rarely
with the axillary lobe and alula narrowish, either hyaline or infuscated to a variable
extent; apex of first posterior cell either open on costal margin or subtending angularly
on it, or occasionally very shortly stalked .. a bf oe ie te | elt

Proboscis much reduced, rudimentary, vestigial, sometimes perceptible only as a scale,
confined to extreme base of buccal cavity; antennae shorter, usually relatively short,
with segment 3 often short or much shorter than club; wings sometimes tending to be
narrower basally, the axillary lobe and alula tending to be narrowish, more usually
hyaline or, if darkened, much less so; apex of first posterior cell more consistently
shortly stalked, more rarely angularly opening, or angularly subtending, on costal
margin and, if distinctly narrowly open on costal margin, proboscis is vestigial .. 19

Metanotum distinctly hairy or at least with some hairs, even if only on sides, and ptero-
pleuron and at least hind border of mesopleuron always with some hairs, more often
very hairy; apex of first posterior cell in wings consistently broadly open to a variable
extent on costal margin; hind border of wings, opposite posterior cells, at least as broad
as these cells or broader; sternite 9 in jd usually distinctly more tumidly conical or
rounded apically, its processes usually longer, more slender, narrower, more sharply
pointed and, if not, metanotum with some hairs .. o oe sks So) WG

Metanotum entirely bare, without any distinct hairs, and pteropleuron and meso-
pleuron sometimes also bare, or pteropleuron is bare and the hairs on rest of pleurae
very sparse and shortish; apex of first posterior cell not distinctly open, being narrowed
and subtending more angularly on costal margin, or even distinctly very shortly
stalked on costal margin; hind border of wings, opposite posterior cells, distinctly much
narrower than these cells; sternite 9 in known g¢ not very conical, either more dorso-
ventrally depressed, more navicular, more flattened, its processes usually stouter,
broader, more hollowed out below, more bluntly rounded apically and, if not, meta-
notum is entirely bare .. ets ue ee ie ale ie ag sa ADR

Fronto-facial space much broader, the interocular space on vertex distinctly broader,
or much broader, than that on head below, the inner margins of eyes not, or only
slightly, converging towards vertex, the latter less sunk in; antennae much longer,
with apical sensory area of clubs usually larger, more oblique; vestiture distinctly more
developed, longer and denser, the hairs on metanotum long and dense and also with
much or dense ones on mesopleuron posteriorly and on pteropleuron; thorax on sides
without a conspicuous, broadish whitish-tomented streak and, if tomented, also with
dense hairs; anal lobes in ¢¢ larger, broader, more rounded apically; sternite 9 in gg
more conical or conically produced, its processes longer, more slender, more sharply
pointed apically; central dorsal epimere of aedeagus usually longer, more shoe-horn-
shaped, hollowed or grooved below; phallic tubes proportionally longer, less divergent;
oviscape in 99 on each side more elongate, narrower, less lobe-like and opening between
them below very broad, lodging larger anal lobes .. oc 5 ss ae

Fronto-facial space markedly narrow, the interocular space on vertex scarcely, or not
much, broader than that on head below, the inner margins of eyes markedly converging
towards vertex, the latter more deeply sunk in; antennae markedly short, with apical
sensory area of clubs much smaller, more reduced, more terminal, appearing more
truncately sunk in; vestiture very poorly developed, the body markedly bare, the meta-
notum with only a few shortish hairs on sides and with only a few very short, or without
any, hairs on mesopleuron posteriorly and on pteropleuron; thorax on sides with a very
conspicuous, broadish streak of whitish tomentum showing under sparse and very short
hairs; anal lobes of 3 much smaller, markedly narrowish, pointed apically; sternite 9 in
dS more rounded, its processes relatively broader, shorter, more rounded apically;
epimere shorter, more bluntly rounded, not distinctly or deeply grooved below; phallic
tubes proportionately shorter, more divergent; oviscape in 2 on each side broader, more

14. (a)

(5)

15. (a)

(5)

16. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 15

lobe-like and opening below them much See narrower, lodging much smaller anal
lobes ae oA fe a5 Es : .. Oreomydas n.gen.
€ Hentornndas Bezz. in part, nec Gerst.)

Hairs on head in front more uniformly distributed, appearing more untidy and unkempt,
not arranged in definite tiers or transverse fringes with distinct transverse bare spaces
between them; head in front usually slightly broader, the interocular space on vertex
rarely not distinctly much broader than that on head below, especially in $3; vertex
less deeply sunk in; pleurae not so extensively, or at least not always, dulled by greyish
tomentum; apex of first posterior cell in wings always relatively broadly open on coastal
margin; hind margins of tergites and sternites not all always whitish or yellowish; spines
on hind femora below variable in colour; spicules on hind tibiae below not situated on
distinct small tubercles or granules; processes of sternite 9 in gd, if sharply pointed,
not consistently bent downwards apically .. ue .. Afroleptomydas Beq.

(= Wentomyaes of authors, nec Gerst.)

Hairs on head in front characteristically arranged in tiers or transverse, awning-like
fringes, with bare and usually shining transverse spaces between them as follows: hairs
on vertex, then smooth space across ocellus, then an awning-like, downwardly-directed,
fringe-like tuft on each side above antennae, then another hairless transverse space below
antennae and across upper part of clypeus, then another awning-like, downwardly-
directed fringe across middle and lower parts of clypeus; head in front slightly narrower
or even distinctly much narrower, the interocular space on vertex tending to be only a
little broader than that on head below; vertex in g¢ rather deeply sunk in; pleurae
invariably dulled by fine greyish tomentum; apex of first posterior cell tending to open
more narrowly on costal margin, or to subtend angularly on it, or even to be very shortly
stalked; hind margins of all the tergites and sternites, except in some cases the first,
ring-like whitish or yellowish; spines on hind femora below usually very pale, more
pallid, whitish or pale yellowish whitish; spicules on hind tibiae usually situated on
distinct small tubercles; processes of sternite 9 in g¢ usually more sharply pointed and
slightly bent down apically .. .. Crossoprosopus n.subgen. of Afroleptomydas Beq.

Fronto-facial region markedly broad, the interocular space on vertex distinctly very
much broader than interocular space below, quite as 10:7; thorax relatively narrower
and longer, not much broader than interocular space on vertex; abdomen more distinctly
constricted between segments 2 and 3, and also narrowed between 3 and 4; lobes of
tergite 9 in known ¢ broader, more rounded, more rugulose; phallic tubes of aedeagal
apparatus longer, subparallel, more widely separated at their base, and central dorsal
epimere broader, flatter, more squarely truncate apically

Heteroleptomydas Beq. (3S only) (ex descr.)

Fronto-facial region narrower or markedly narrower, the interocular space on vertex
narrower, or consistently markedly narrower, only about as broad as, or scarcely
broader than, space on head below and, if much broader, the proportions are as 10:7-+ 5
thorax relatively broader and shorter, sometimes more quadrate or subquadrate, very
much broader than interocular space on vertex; abdomen either more cylindrical,
equally broad and, if slightly narrowed between segments 2 and 3, not also narrowed
between 3 and 4; lobes of tergite 9 in known ¢¢ narrower, smaller, more triangular
even if rounded apically and, even if punctured, not rugulose; phallic tubes relatively
shorter, more divergent, closer together and more fused at base and dorsal epimere
narrower, more shoe-horn-shaped, or more rounded apically .. ae DATO

Occipital part behind eyes more convex; interocular space on vertex proportionally
much narrower and only a little, or not much, broader than space below; antennae
stouter, thicker, segment 1 longer, much longer than broad and usually with some
hairs, and segment 3 stouter, rod-like; thorax more elongate, not distinctly sculptured
vermicellately rugulose; abdomen more conical or cylindrical, not constricted between
segments 2 and 3, not, or only sparsely, punctured if at all, and tergite 1 longer, usually
depressed discally; opening below and between oviscape on each side in 9° broader,
and anal lobes usually larger, more prominent; legs distinctly more slender, longer,
the hind femora proportionally longer, less obviously clavately thickened and their
spines below on smaller tubercles; tarsi proportionally longer, basal segment of hind ones

16

(0)

17. (a)

18. (a)

19. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

elongate, much longer than claw-segment; vestiture (in 29 at least) with slightly longer
hairs on thorax above, base of abdomen and last two or three segments
Nomoneura Bezz. (emended sense)

Occipital part behind eyes markedly flattened; interocular space on vertex propor-
tionally broader, much broader than space below; antennae more slender, segment 1
markedly short, only about as broad as long, and without hairs, segment 3 slender at
base, gradually thickening apically; thorax markedly short, quadrate or subquadrate
and vermicellately rugulose above; abdomen distinctly slightly constricted between
segments 2 and 3, rather coarsely and densely punctured above and below, and tergite 1
proportionally shorter, transversely convex, not depressed medially; opening below and
between oviscape in 22 narrower, with smaller, less prominent anal lobes; legs pro-
portionally shorter, stouter, the hind femora shorter, relatively stouter, more distinctly
clavately thickened, their spines below on more prominent tubercules; tarsi proportion-
ally shorter, basal segment of hind ones short, only a little or scarcely longer than claw-
segment; vestiture in QQ even more poorly developed, shorter and sparser on thorax,
base of abdomen and on last two to threesegments .. .. Neolaparopsisn.gen. (2 only)

Hind margin of mesopleuron usually with some hairs; apex of first posterior cell in
wings either very shortly stalked or scarcely so, sometimes subtending sharply or angu-
larly on costal margin, or sometimes even narrowly open; hind margins of tergites or
some of them, in gj¢ especially, usually more distinctly yellowish or whitish; body
usually more extensively shining, the thorax above usually more dull leathery; aedeagus
in dd ending in three separate elements; a dorsally-situated, central, stilet-like epimere
and two ventrally-situated, stilet-like, phallic tubes, each ending apically in a segment-
like part beyond the gonopore; anal lobes of 29 anata! or markedly larger, broader,

more lobe- or lappet-like .. ‘ : of Nomoneuroides n.gen.

Entire mesopleuron bare; apex of ae posterior cell distinctly, even if only shortly,
consistently stalked, not opening on costal margin; hind margins of tergites, even in gd,
usually not whitish or yellowish, at most sometimes reddish; body usually distinctly less
shining, the thorax above rarely not dulled by conspicuous, rugulose sculpture; aedeagus
in g¢ ending in two processes: a dorsal (anterior) process (epimere) and a ventral
(posterior) apically-forked or bifid aedeagal process, the apical forks (phallic tubes) of
which sometimes curve outwards or sometimes backwards, upwards and outwards on
each side like the horns of some antelope; anal lobes in known 22 smaller, of normal
size Bt ae oye ae oY a sia ae ne as ao) 1

Vestiture on head, body and legs poorly developed, shorter, less dense, not villose;
thorax above invariably dull, usually due to dense, conspicuous, rugulose sculpture, and
integument of scutellum, metanotum and entire pleurae dull; wings usually distinctly
more darkly, or very darkly, infused or infuscated in both sexes; hind tibiae with more
numerous and usually stouter spicules; interocular space on vertex usually distinctly, or
much, broader than space on head below and, if as broad or scarcely broader, vestiture
is short and body mainly dull; ventral (or posterior) aedeagal process in §¢ only forked
apically, the forks peepee tubes) not curving backwards (or downwards) antelope-
horn-like : sis ys bis ahs .. Arenomydas n.gen.

(= Nomoneura Bezz. in part)

Vestiture on head, body and legs markedly dense, long and villose; thorax above, even
under the hairs, shining, not rugulosely sculptured, and scutellum, metanotum and
entire pleurae smooth, highly polished, brilliantly shining; wings, in g¢ at least, more
extensively hyaline, only slightly or feebly tinted along costal border to near apex; hind
tibiae with much fewer and shorter spicules, more confined to apical part and with few
apical spurs; interocular space on vertex as broad as, or scarcely broader than, space
on head below; ventral (or posterior) aedeagal process in gg with the forks (phallic
tubes) curving slightly backwards, outwards and upwards antelope-horn-like
Agaperemius n.gen. (¢ only)

Antennae longer or very much longer, nearly or about as long as, or even slightly longer
than, width of thorax anteriorly, segment 3 distinctly more elongate, distinctly much
longer than 1 and 2 combined, the clubs more elongate-pyriform, either subequal in
length or much shorter than rest of segments combined; wings broader, not subparallel-

(b
20. (a
(b
21. (a
(Bb)

—

)

—

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 17

sided, less pedunculate basally, the axillary lobe not subparallel-sided and alula
broader, more lobe-like; base of second submarginal cell usually with an appendix;
first posterior cell broader, its posterior vein broadly curving outwards to apex; front
and middle femora without bristle-like spines and spines on hind ones below in two rows
which are closer together; hind femora, even in 99, distinctly more thickened; hairs
on head and body normally thin, not obviously ctenate; abdomen, even in 99, without
a striking colour pattern é : ; : Ne SA MEZO

Antennae markedly short, eee stenee than oral of cher anteriorly, segment
3 proportionally markedly short, not much longer than, or subequal in length to, 1 and 2
combined, the clubs much inflated, berry-like or shortly pyriform, as long as, or longer
than, rest of segments combined; wings markedly narrow, subparallel-sided, more
pedunculate basally, the axillary lobe relatively narrower, subparallel-sided and alula
less developed; base of second submarginal cell with or without an appendix; first
posterior cell narrow, more subparallel-sided, its posterior vein not very broadly curving
outwards to apex which is not distinctly stalked; front and middle femora with a row of
bristles or bristle-like spines on each side below and hind femora below with either a
single or with two widely spaced rows of bristle-like spines; hind femora not thickened;
hairs on head and body stiffer, more obviously granular or ctenate; abdomen, in 9? at
least, with a peculiar pattern of a row of segmental crescentic or [1 -shaped pale marks
on each side discally above Hialterorchis Bezz. (22. only)

Metanotum with some hairs, even if only on sides; disc of thorax usually with 4 bare
streaks, the two middle ones formed from a central one which is divided by a narrow
central streak of greyish tomentum or hairs, and with the more lateral ones extending
farther forwards, and with the hairs, if present, distributed in 5 streaks, including those
on sides; apex of first posterior cell in wings variable, either narrowly, but distinctly,
opening on costal margin, or subtending angularly on it, or very shortly stalked; pulvilli
of tarsi in 99, if reduced, not very vestigial or wanting; aedeagus in known ¢¢ three-
pronged, ending in a central dorsal process aye and below it a phallic tube on
each side ae : : an eal

Metanotum entirely wa and anil sist any cistites aes disc of tae with either
only 3 bare streaks of which the lateral submedial ones occupy only basal half and the
medial one is undivided, or these streaks are replaced by dull, finer granulation, and
any hairs, if present, arranged in only 4 streaks; apex of first posterior cell with a distinct
and consistent short stalk; pulvilli in known 29 vestigial; aedeagus in $¢ not typically
three-pronged, either in form of a basal part or stem crowned with 3 finger-like lobes
(two phallic tubules and a central epimere), or a triquetrous structure composed of two
continuous, parallel, ventral, phallic tubes attached to a medial dorsal part (epimere) 23

Pulvilli in known 92 not much reduced or shortened; hind femora less thickened,
especially in 29, with more slender, or even bristle-like, spines below; hind tarsi normally
long, much more than half length of hind tibiae; antennae relatively longer, segment 3
proportionally longer, usually distinctly longer than club, the latter more elongate,
narrower, less thickened beyond middle; interocular space on vertex in both sexes
relatively narrower, very much less than twice distance from vertex to antennae, the
inner margins of eyes more convergent above antennae; central keel on last perpen-
dicular genital segment in 9° longer, less arched, nearly or quite as long as half length
of lower margin of this segment; bullae larger, even if smaller in 29 than in jg; vestiture
slightly longer and denser, even in known 29, that on tergites 1 and 2 also longish; basal
margin of axillary lobe more broadly ae rounded; he in gd appearing
three-pronged .. 28 : Me ; a5

Pulvilli in 99 reduced or atcetencas only Ante resin: or not a teadine beyond,
middle of claws; hind femora, even in 99, slightly more thickened, with relatively
stouter, or normally stout, spines below; hind tarsi relatively shortish, about or only a
little more than half length of hind tibiae; antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 propor-
tionally shorter, usually only about as long as, or much shorter than, club, the latter
distinctly more elongate-pyriform, more broadly dilated beyond middle; interocular
space on vertex distinctly broader, nearly or only a little less than twice distance between
vertex and antennae, the inner margins of eyes subparallel or slightly less converging

18

22. (a)

(d)

23. (a)

24. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

towards vertex; central keel on last perpendicular genital segment in 99 distinctly
shorter, more arched, distinctly shorter than half length of lower margin of this segment;
bullae, in 99 at least, reduced in size or minute; vestiture in 99 distinctly less developed
much shorter, less dense, and that on tergites 1 and 2 very short; base of axillary lobe
broader, more subtruncately rounded... ae .. Namadytes n.gen. (29 only)

Antennae proportionally shorter, segment 3 shorter, the club tending to be more dilated
or pyriform, with smaller, more terminal, more sunk in, sensory area; proboscis vestigial,
minutely knob-like; buccal cavity smaller, shallower; hind femora slightly more thick-
ened, with slightly stouter, less bristle-like spines below; tibiae and tarsi with shorter
spicules; right and left hind margins of last perpendicular sclerite in 99 together forming
a less acute angle, the opening below them thus larger, and anal lobes larger, broader,
more triangular; central dorsal epimere in $$ proportionally larger; vestiture relatively
less dense and shorter, less shaggy, and sparser and shorter on metanotum, that on thorax
above arranged more indistinctly in streaks, the broad central bare streak with more
numerous scattered hairs, and bare streaks only distinctly delimited submedially on
sides, and with denser hairs along mesopleuron posieriorly; hairs on legs relatively
sparser, shorter, and with fewer and shorter ones along inner side of hind tibiae
Syllegomydas Beck. (ex descr.) (from north Africa)

Antennae proportionally longer, segment 3 also proportionally longer, the club more
elongate, less dilated or pyriform, with much larger, less terminal, apical, sensory area;
proboscis, though rudimentary, still perceptible and with short stem and labella; buccal
cavity deeper, larger; hind femora scarcely, but more clavately, thickened, with dis-
tinctly feebler, more bristle-like spines below; tibiae and tarsi with longer spicules; right
and left hind margins of last perpendicular sclerite in 99 together forming a more
acute triangle, with much smaller opening below and between them, and anal lobes
much smaller; central dorsal epimere in §¢ much shorter; vestiture distinctly much
denser, longer, more shaggy, even in 99, and denser and longer on metanotum, that on
thorax above arranged more distinctly in 5 streaks, the broad central bare streak with
only very few or sparser hairs along middle, and the bare streaks distinctly more
delimited, and with fewer and sparser hairs on mesopleuron posteriorly; hairs on legs
much denser and longer, and with more numerous and longer ones along inner side of
hind tibiae os ie te Notobates n.subgen. of Syllegomydas Beck.

Aedeagus in g¢ in form of a short basal part bearing 3 finger-like lobes (two phallic
tubules and a central apophysis (or epimere) apically; lateral lobes of tergite 9 larger,
more lobe-like; processes of sternite 9 shorter; facial part of head markedly broad, the
interocular space below buccal cavity markedly broad, even slightly broader than
across vertex; dorsum of thorax finely granular or striate; vestiture on head, body and
legs sparse, much shorter, almost wanting on thorax above and very sparse on head in
front; sternites 6 and 7 in gg not depressed or mae ee wings tinted or very slightly
infuscated SE ae se af als .. WNotosyllegomydas n.gen.

wes Syllegomydas Beq. nec Becker)

Aedeagus in 3 in form of a single triquetrous structure, composed of two, contiguous,
parallel, ventral, aedeagal tubes attached to a medial, dorsal rod (epimere) ; lateral lobes
of tergite 9g much shorter, less lobe-like; processes of sternite 9 longer, in side view not
bent down in apical part; facial part of head narrower, very broad across vertex,
markedly narrow below buccal cavity; dorsum of thorax dull, though not finely granular
or striate; vestiture on head, body and legs long and dense, very dense on head, and dense
and longish on thorax above, especially on sides; sternites 6 and 7 in known ¢ hollowed
or depressed; wings entirely hyalineing .. ae .. Namamydas n.gen. (g only)

Proboscis very long, slender, extending very far beyond head; antennae long or very
long, very much longer than width of thorax in front of wings, segment 3 considerably
longer than 1 and 2 combined, the club usually elongate or elongate-pyriform; vestiture
on head, body and legs, though very dense in comparison with some other genera,
distinctly shorter, less dense, not so brush-like on head, thorax, base of abdomen and
legs; thorax above, and especially metanotum, more coarsely, or rugulosely, sculptured ;
base of second submarginal cell in wings more truncate, invariably with an appendix;
spines on hind femora below begin before middle or nearer base; hind tibiae slightly,

(b

i

26. (a)

(0)

27. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 19

often distinctly, carinate below; processes of sternite 9 in ¢¢ shorter, broader, curved
more inwards and downwards, their EY broadened, spoon-shaped, apical part
nearly touch along midline... : : uN .. Cephalocera Latr.

Proboscis either very much shorter, coasned to yee cavity, or not extending much
beyond latter, or it is rudimentary; antennae markedly short, distinctly shorter than
width of thorax in front of wings, segment 3 proportionally very short, subequal in
length to, or scarcely longer than, 1 and 2 combined, and club longer than 3, ovate or
ovate-pyriform; vestiture on head, body and legs markedly dense, longer, more shaggy,
villose, very dense and conspicuously brush-like on head, hiding antennae, very dense,
long and bottle-brush-like on legs, especially hind femora; thorax above, and especially
metanotum, smoother, more shining, or only very microscopically sculptured; base of
second submarginal cell less truncate, more obtusangular, without or with scarcely a
vestige of an appendix; spines on hind femora below usually beginning beyond middle;
hind tibiae non-carinate below; processes of sternite 9 in gd longer, more slender, only
curved finger-like, their slightly inward-curving apices much farther apart
Cephalocerodes n.gen. (35 only)
(=Cephalocera Beq. nec Latr.)

Wings with only 2 submarginal cells of which the second opens either on costal margin or
on second vein, and with or without a posterior cross-vein in hind border of wings
26 (Subfam. Mydainae Beq.)

Wings with 3 submarginal cells of which the second is in form of an enclosed and apically-
stalked cell between first and third, and with or without a posterior cross-vein in hind
border es: Be Me a ar Subfam. Diochlistinae Beq. (non-African)

Second submarginal cell in wings opening on second vein and with an appendix at
base; hind border of wings with a distinct cross-vein; antennae with segment 3 elongate,
much longer than combined length of 1 and 2; hind tibiae somewhat or distinctly
compressed, longitudinally strongly carinate below, ending apically below in a con-
spicuous, prominent, tooth-like or spine-like process in $¢; hind femora markedly
thickened, incrassate, especially in 3g, usually with more than two, usually four, rows
of spines below, even if outer ones are represented by only a few apically; hind tro-
chanters with 1 or 2 distinct spines below; space between eyes on head below relatively
narrow; clypeus very broad, flat-nosed-like, its sides either touching or very near to
inner margins of eyes; processes of sternite 9 in gg with a palp-like appendage below;
aedeagus in § tubular, ending apically in a cowl-like or inverted cup-like cap; terminal
part of oviscape in 99 usually withdrawn into segment 7... .. Ectyphus Gerst.
Second submarginal cell opening directly on costal margin and without an appendix at
base; hind border of wings without a cross-vein; antennae with segment 3 short or very
short, shorter than combined length of 1 and 2; hind tibiae and rest of characters
enumerated above not present i Bi Bi Ns Bs ae ne Phy]
Antennae shorter, with the club normally inflated or dilated, not constricted at middle
and not appearing malformed or deformed Rhopalia Macq. (ex descr.) (from Egypt)
Antennae longer, with the club enlarged, constricted at middle, its basal part broadened
or extending lobe-like laterally, or with lobe-like extensions, thus appearing deformed
or malformed .. oe : Perissocerus Gerst. (ex descr.) (from north Africa)

DESCRIPTIONS

Subfamily Syllegomydainae Beq.

Syllegomydainae Bequaert, 1963: 3.
Heteromydainae Bequaert, 1961a: 16.

As stated in the introduction and in the key to the genera, representatives
of this subfamily are characterized by having a double aedeagus in the 3,
composed of two distinct and separate phallic or aedeagal tubes or tubules.
Other supplementary characters, which will also enable 99 to be correctly

20 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

assigned, are the presence of only 2 submarginal cells in the wings, of which the
normal second one opens on the second vein, and the hind border of the wings
has no posterior cross-vein.

For purposes of convenient classification this family may be subdivided
into three distinct tribes, the Mydaselpini, the Syllegomydaini and the Cephalo-
cerini, for grouping the genera belonging to it.

Mydaselpini n.tribe

This new tribe is erected to contain two genera from southern and tropical
Africa and another remarkable genus from Somaliland, and is characterized by
the shape of the abdomen which is pedunculate or subpedunculate, distinctly
or even markedly narrowed waist-like near middle between segments 2 and
4; the presence of markedly dense and conspicuous puncturation or coarse
sculpture, or at least with rather dense, fine, setiferous puncturation on abdo-
men above; by the rather shortish or markedly short, stiff, or spine-like hairs on
tibiae which are situated on distinct granules, more evident and coarser on hind
ones, especially below; by the reduction of the spicules on tibiae, especially the
hind ones; by the two rather conspicuous, broadish, sometimes rather widely
separated, phallic tubes in the §g, ending in rather broadish, funnel-shaped
gonopores, the basal part of the aedeagus being sometimes vase-shaped; and by
the terminal or genital segments of the 92 which are narrowed, protruding
beyond tergite 8, the oviscape being armed with a few or a row of bristly spines
or bristles on each side and not with stoutish, flattened spines as in the genera
of the other two tribes. Representatives of these three genera have a marked
resemblance to conopid-flies or to wasps of the family Vespidae.

Genus MYDASELPIS Bezz.

Mydaselpis Bezzi, 19246: 218. Bequaert (in part), 1940: 4. Bequaert (in part), 1951: I.

This genus was originally described by Bezzi from two South African
species, represented by two specimens, a ¢ and a 9 of each respectively. Apart
from the unique ¢ type specimen of Mydaselpis peringueyi there are in the collec-
tions before me a new variety of the latter and two other undescribed species of
which the as yet undescribed 99 of the genus are also represented. The genus
was redefined by Bequaert in 1940, in which supplementary description he also
described and figured (fig. 2a and b) the hypopygial structures of Mydaselpis
peringueyt. Bequaert was at that time however dealing with a series of Central
and West African species which he also referred to the genus Mydaselpis, but
which, as I am showing farther on, do not strictly belong to the latter but to
another very closely related new genus. Bequaert’s supplementary generic
description is therefore more applicable to this new genus than to Mydaselpis s.str.

The true or typical genus Mydaselpis, as based not only on the type-species
peringueyt and variolosus Bezz. but also on a distinct variety of the former and two
other new species described below, is characterized and differs from all other
South African genera in the following respects:

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 21

Body usually vespiform, usually contrastingly or brightly coloured; abdo-
men distinctly narrowed waist-like to a variable degree near middle or between
segments 2 and 4, usually more so in gg than in 99, and in the latter relatively
bulkier than in g¢.

Integument above on thorax and abdomen usually relatively coarsely sculp-
tured, or punctured, that of thorax above usually vermicellately rugulose,
coarser along sides and along two submedial streaks; that of abdomen above
either very coarsely punctured, rugulosely punctured, densely punctured, or
with at least some of the segments punctured; tergite 1 usually transversely
ridged and punctured across middle; pleurae usually dull and bare, not so
smooth and shining as in some other genera; venter less coarsely punctured than
dorsum, but more distinctly so than in other genera.

Vestiture, even in 34, relatively poorly developed, only the hairs on head,
tergite 1 (across transverse ridge and anteriorly basally on sides) and on coxae
distinct, but relatively shorter than in many other genera; hairs on thorax above
short, decumbent, relatively sparse, usually arranged in streaks; hairs on rest of
abdomen usually short and located in the punctures, only those on genital
segments longer, more conspicuous; pleurae entirely bare, except for a few
sparse shortish ones on metapleural prominence in front of halteres and across
hinder metasternal part; metanotum entirely bare; hairs on legs, even tibiae,
relatively short, minute, stiffish and spine-like, not too dense, and usually
situated on small granules, more evident on hind ones below.

Head with the interocular space on vertex relatively narrow, not or scarcely
wider than interocular space below, usually subequal in width to it, with the
inner margins of eyes converging above and below, being widest apart more or
less at level of antennae; antennae usually shorter than thorax (excluding
scutellum), with segment 3 usually elongate, either a little longer or a little
shorter than club, the latter elongate, usually thickened from before or just
beyond middle; clypeal part of face prominent, deeply excavated along its
sides; proboscis well developed, stoutish, usually shorter than vertical length of
an eye, its labella relatively large, horny, often punctured; palps minute,
vestigial; postvertical spines present.

Wings rather longish, characteristically infuscated, the anterior costal
region usually tinted more yellowish, the anterior half of wings up to apex of
first posterior cell, along apical vein of discoidal cell and anterior upper vein of
discoidal cell and also including second basal cell usually darker, with the
hinder half less darkly tinted or sometimes much clearer and usually with a clear
streak along middle of discoidal cell, and hinder half or more of first posterior
cell also clear; outer or posterior vein of first posterior cell joining or continuous
with costal margin at apex or near apex of costal cell (or second vein), the first
posterior cell thus narrowly open or subtending on anterior margin as in
Afroleptomydas ; base of third vein produced basally as a distinct stump of variable
length; base of second submarginal cell consistently with a relatively long
stump; hind border of wings usually narrow, narrower than posterior cells.

22 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, usually more
clavate, more so in gg, armed below with two rows of backwardly-projecting
spines from just before or just beyond middle, each spine on rather a prominent
tubercle; hind tibiae rather straight, not carinate below, but often appearing
granular below, without an apical process below and, apart from apical spicules,
with relatively few or reduced spicules and these short and only along inner
lower face, especially in 99.

Genital part of abdomen in 99 (cf. pl. 1 fig. 1) narrowed, pointed, the termi-
nal segments protruding beyond tergite 8; tergite 9 usually longitudinally cari-
nate above; oviscape without stoutish flattened spines as in other genera, but
with a few, or a row of, bristles or bristle-like spines on each side.

Hypopygium of 33 (cf. pl. 1 fig. 2) with the aedeagus in form of a tubular
structure ending in two parallel phallic tubes, ending in funnel-like gonopores,
without any distinct dorsal or anterior, central process or epimere; sternite 9
scoop-like, convex, dilated, not covered by sternite 8, its prong or process on
each side in form of a backwardly projecting, slightly dorso-ventrally, flattened,
apically blunt, rod-like process, hollowed out basally below, carinately raised
keel-like in basal part above, the apex of this keel appearing in side view as a
dentate prominence, and the apical ventral half or part with shortish hairs.

The known species from southern Africa may be separated as follows:

1. (a) Wings more uniformly or extensively darkly infuscated, either in anterior half or in
greater part; abdomen above with larger, coarser, or very coarse setiferous puncturation,
the decumbent hairs in these therefore less dense and shorter; head in front with less
conspicuous pale or greyish tomentum on sides along eye-margins and in facial depres-
sions, and tomentum on hinder part of metapleurae, metasternal parts and hind coxae
appearing darker, less conspicuously greyish whitish; abdominal tergites 2 and 3 some-
times reddish to a variable extent, but 4 and 5 usually entirely dark or at least not
reddish discally .. 4 Ac at ~ Dc Be a Se Bae e

(b) Wings bicolorously infuscated (pattern of vespid Belonogaster) the anterior half up to
bases of second submarginal and first posterior cells and apex of marginal cell yellowish
and only an apical infusion from apical cross-vein of discoidal cell to apex, including
apical part of first posterior cell, dark blackish brownish; abdomen above with much
finer, much denser, setiferous puncturation, with much denser and slightly longer
decumbent hairs; head in front with more evident and conspicuous, denser, greyish
whitish or greyish yellowish tomentum on sides and in facial depressions, and tomentum
on hinder metapleural part, metasternal part and hind coxae appearing more con-
spicuously greyish whitish; tergites and sternites 2 and 3 yellowish, and apical discal
halves of 4 and 5 with triangular reddish infusions .. a: .. Q mimeticus n.sp.

2. (a

wa

Thorax above mainly black, the reddish, if extensive, only on sides and base; scutellum
mainly black or with only hind border reddish; pleurae mainly black, at most with only
pteropleuron and metapleural part in front of halteres reddish; hind margins of at least
tergites 2-4 yellowish or yellowish reddish; bullae darker or blackish; wings usually
darkly infuscated only in anterior half and, if almost entirely dark, thorax and pleurae
mainly black; all the coxae not mainly yellowish or reddish; proboscis longer, usually
more than 2 mm te 2 hie og}

(6) Thorax above not black, either reddish or brownish, blackened only along middle to
near scutellum; scutellum entirely reddish or brownish; pleurae not mainly dark, almost
entirely reddish or with more extensive reddish or brownish; hind margins of only
tergites 2 and 3 narrowly yellowish; bullae small, reddish or light coloured; wings
entirely infuscated, only some streaks in middle cells and narrow hind border greyish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 23

hyaline and, if darker in anterior half, thorax not mainly black; coxae mainly reddish
or pale coloured; proboscis usually shorter, not morethan2mm _ .. a Bia INS

3. (a) Wings less uniformly infuscated, the clearer, less tinted or paler tinted hinder half more
contrasting with the darker yellowish brownish or dark brownish anterior half, the
clearer middle streak in discoidal cell broader, more distinct; thorax above with the
anterior reddish infusion on inner side of humeral tubercle larger, more extensive, and
sides and base with more reddish to a variable extent; metanotum more extensively
reddish on sides anteriorly; pteropleuron and metapleurae in front of halteres more
extensively reddish; tergites 2 and 3 mainly reddish or with at least more extensive red
and tergites 6 and 7 more extensively reddish discally; setiferous puncturation on abdo-
men above on the whole less coarse, apparently denser; sericeous whitish hairs across
tergite 1 distinctly longer, denser... : dle : . 5:6 pieigithieg

(6) Wings distinctly more uniformly dark elteaan brownish, ahs ad oe half only a little
less dark than dark anterior half, distinctly less contrasting, the clear middle streak in
discoidal cell narrower, more linear or less distinct; thorax above with the anterior
reddish spot much reduced or small, the sides up to postalar calli and base entirely dark;
metanotum entirely black or with only a small reddish submedial basal spot on each
side; pteropleuron and metapleurae mainly black, only obscurely reddish along sutures;
tergites 2 and 3 entirely black and tergite 6 only reddish apically on disc; setiferous
puncturation on abdomen above distinctly coarser, slightly less dense; sericeous
whitish hairs across tergite 1 distinctly shorter, sparser .. .. & Q karooensis n.sp.

Slightly smaller form, about 16-25 mm, with abdominal tergites 2 and 3 entirely or more
extensively yellowish reddish and 4 and 5 more dark reddish brownish; puncturation
on abdomen slightly less dense; reddish spot around humeral tubercle not extending
far back on sides of thorax; pteropleuron only reddish in upper half; darker anterior
half of wings more yellowish brownish and veins in it more yellowish reddish; hind legs
entirely yellowish like the others a 3 ort -. & peringueyi Bese! S.St7.

aa

—
8

Wa

(6) Larger form, about 20-21 mm, with tergites 2 and 3 less extensively reddish, either
darkened discally or on sides and 4 and 5 black; puncturation on abdomen relatively
denser; reddish infusion around humeral tubercle extending farther posteriorly on sidse
or even (2) occupying entire sides; pteropleuron and metapleural part anterior to
halteres entirely and conspicuously reddish; darker anterior half of wings darker, more
dark brownish or blackish brown and veins in it also darker; front and middle femora
darkened above near base and hind ones distinctly darkened subapically on inner or
both inner and outer sides .. sie en .. & @ peringueyi var. hesperus n.

5. (a) Abdomen entirely shining black, only terminal segments reddish; venter darker, also
blackish; thorax and pleurae mainly reddish; wings entirely infuscated, only some
streaks in middle of cells and narrow hind border greyish hyaline; antennae slightly
longer, segment 3 about 4—5 times combined length of 1 and 2

2 variolosus Bezz. (ex descr.)

(6) Abdomen mainly orange-brown, with a transverse black band over junction of tergites

2 and 3 and 3 and 4, with basal parts of 5-7 broadly blackish; venter orange brownish,

the hind margins of sternites 1-4 yellowish; thorax and pleurae mainly orange brownish;

wings yellowish brownish in anterior half, rest pale yellowish grey; antennae slightly
shorter, segment 3 only about 3 times combined length of 1 and 2

3 ignicornis (Brun.) (ex descr.)

Mydaselpis peringueyt Bezz.
Mydaselpis peringueyi Bezzi, 1924b: 220. Bequaert (in part), 1940: 5-7, fig. 2a and b.
This species is still represented in the South African Museum by only the
unique 3 type specimen from Hex River on which Bezzi erected the genus and
which he described in some detail. In view of both its generic and specific

importance its chief characters may again be more accurately summarized
here as follows:

24 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Body with the head, thorax, scutellum, metanotum, first abdominal seg-
ment and sternites 4-7 mainly dark or black; the following parts light reddish
to yellowish reddish: clypeus, proboscis below, pronotal and propleural parts,
humeral tubercles and area surrounding them on their inner sides, postalar
calli, narrow base of thorax above, sides of metanotum anteriorly, area below
wing-bases including upper part of pteropleuron and parts of metapleurae,
suture between sterno- and hypopleurae, abdominal segments 2 and 3 (except-
ing smallish black bullae and extreme lateral margins of tergites 2 and 3),
tergites 6 and 7 discally (more extensive on 7), apical part of sternite 1, sternites
2 and 3, last sternite and hypopygial structures, lower faces of front coxae, and
the middle and hind coxae; abdominal segments 4 and 5 and sides of tergites
6 and 7, like sternites 4-7, dark reddish brownish or blackish brown; hind
margin of tergite 1 dark reddish, those of 2-6 smooth, ring-like, yellowish; hind
margins of sternites 2-7 also yellowish; legs yellowish, the spines below hind
femora yellowish reddish.

Integument of middle part of frons shining; that of disc of thorax above dull,
rugulose; pleurae dull; tergite 1 transversely ridged and coarsely punctured;
rest of abdomen above, except ring-like hind margins and across bases, coarsely
and fairly densely punctured; sternites 6 and 7 covered with separated setiferous
punctures.

Vestiture with longish pale sericeous yellowish hairs on head in front, more
or less arranged in transverse tiers, on vertex, sides of antennal insertions and
on sides of clypeus; hairs on head below deeper yellowish; fine, short, depressed
hairs in streaks on disc of thorax yellowish; decumbent longish hairs across base
laterally and middle of tergite 1 also very pale sericeous yellowish, appearing
almost whitish in certain lights; very fine short hairs in puncturation on rest of
abdomen sericeous; longer hairs on hypopygial structures yellowish; short and
relatively sparse ones on coxae and legs also pale sericeous yellowish, those on
femora and tibiae situated on minute granules; sides of face and a broadish
streak on occiput behind eyes with silvery whitish bloom.

Head with the antennae beyond segment 2 in the specimen missing, but
segment 1 about 24 times length of 2; clypeus very slightly raised ridge-like
along the centre; proboscis a little shorter than vertical length of an eye; palps
minute.

Wings characteristically infuscated, the costal part, including upper basal
half of marginal cell and bases of first and second basal cells, tinted pale
yellowish; middle parts, including second basal cell and basal part of first
posterior cell up to level of apex of discoidal cell and to a certain extent base of
third posterior cell, darker, more yellowish brownish or brownish, leaving more
than hinder half of first posterior cell, middle part of discoidal cell, hind border
of wings, greater part of anal cell, entire axillary lobe and alula clear or hyaline,
and greater part of third posterior cell very faintly tinted; veins yellowish in
costal part, darker in more darkly tinted parts; second submarginal cell nar-
rowed apically, there narrower than first submarginal; apex of discoidal cell

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 25

shortly stalked; apical stalk of anal cell shortish, not much longer than that of
discoidal cell; halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora slightly clavately thickened, armed below with a
double row of backwardly-directed spines on prominent tubercles from a little
beyond middle, preceded by 1 or 2 shortish spines before middle; hind tibiae
with the setiferous granules below more prominent; basal segment of hind tarsi
relatively shortish, not longer than claw-segment (excluding claws).

Hypopygium as shown in text-figures 2a and b by Bequaert (1940: 5).

Length of body: about 16-25 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Hex River (December 1882).

Mydaselpis peringueyi var. hesperus n.

Two 39 and a Q of a fairly large dark form from the coastal region of
the south-western Cape and superficially resembling wasps represent a distinct
dark coastal variety of peringueyi. This. variety, apart from being much larger,
differs from the typical form in the following respects:

Body in 3 with the dark parts even darker, more black, and abdominal
segments 2 and 3 above also distinctly darkened, not light reddish; tergites 4
and 5 and sides of 6 and 7 more black than dark reddish brownish; reddish
parts on abdomen deeper reddish; hind margins of tergites similarly yellowish;
red inner side of humeral tubercles slightly more extensive, extending farther
backwards on sides of thorax; entire pteropleuron and metapleural part in
front of halteres reddish and not only upper part; metasternal part on each side
with more reddish; antennae orange yellowish, only articulation between
segment 3 and club darkened; body in 9 very similarly coloured to that of 3,
but reddish across base of thorax broader, tergites 2 and 3 (which are less
constricted) more extensively reddish and tergites 6 and 7 also more extensively
reddish than in 4, less blackish on sides of 6 and only extreme sides of 7 being
black; sternites 3—6 in 9 black and 7 infused with much reddish; last tergite and
sternite and genitalia reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 in 2 yellowish, 5-7
more reddish and only those of sternites 2 and 3 yellowish whitish, broader than
in §g; legs in both sexes mainly yellowish as in peringueyi, but front femora
darkened in middle to a variable extent in both sexes and hind ones in ¢ (to a
lesser extent in 2) darkened along inner apical half and near apex on outer side,
leaving apical part yellowish.

Integument in 3 very similar to that of typical form though slightly more
rugulosely punctured on dark tergites, but in 2 the puncturation on abdomen is
slightly denser and coarser, especially on black tergites 4 and 5 where it is even
more rugulose.

Vestiture in 3 very similar and similarly coloured to that of typical form
though hairs on head and base of abdomen more whitish; hairs of 9 on head in
front much shorter, especially on sides of clypeus where those nearer bare
middle streak are fulvous or golden reddish and those laterally more whitish;

26 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

short hairs on tergites and sternites 6 and 7 in 2 more yellowish like longer ones
on last segments and genitalia.

Head with the antennae slightly longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 about 2-2} times length of 1; segment 3 longer than club, its apical
third or a little more slightly thickened; club elongate, thickened rim-like from
just beyond middle and there with a circlet of fine dark hairs, narrowed basally,
but at extreme base again narrowed bottle-neck-like, obliquely subtruncate at
apex, ending in a truncated transversely situated prominence; clypeus slightly
grooved medially above, not slightly ridged as in typical form; proboscis
proportionally longer than in typical form, but also shorter than vertical length
of an eye, the labella sharply pointed.

Wings in both sexes with a pattern similar to that of peringueyi s.str., but
the dark part distinctly darker, more blackish brown and in 9 middle part of
first submarginal cell less tinted or clearer (not evident in the ¢ nor in the typical
3); veins in dark parts darker; second submarginal cell in both sexes, though
also narrowed apically, not narrower than first submarginal; knobs of halteres
darker in both sexes, more brownish.

Legs as in the typical form, but basal segment of hind tarsi apparently a
little longer, slightly longer than claw-segment (excluding claws).

Terminal part of abdomen in @ (pl. 1 fig. 1) narrowed and pointed, the
genitalia exerted; genital segment (g) medially carinately keeled and also
laterally with an oblong membranous window-like area; oviscape with a row
of slender, bristle-like spines on each side, these spines scarcely distinguishable
from bristles.

Hypopygium of 3 like that of typical 3, but lobes of tergite 9 more obtusangular
apically and the prongs of sternite 9 (ventral view) slightly broader.

Length of body: about 20-21 mm (abdomen curved down)
Length of wing: about 17-19°5 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Leipoldtville (S.A. Museum, November
1956) (¢ holotype, 9 allotype and 1 J paratype).

Mydaselpis karooensis n.sp.

A g and a @ from the southern Karoo in the collections before me represent
a species which is very near feringueyi and especially the variety hesperus. Super-
ficially they are almost indistinguishable from the latter, but they differ in
certain distinct features and cannot be considered as still another variety. They
agree and differ from the variety hesperus in the following respects:

Body with the abdomen stouter, especially in 9, less constricted at tergites
2 and 3, also mainly black; antennae also pale orange yellowish; the following
parts reddish: clypeus, greater part of proboscis, humeral tubercle, a small spot
on thorax anteriorly on inner side of tubercles (very much smaller and less
extensive than in var. hesperus), postalar calli (but not across base of thorax),
propleural tubercle to a very much lesser extent, area below wing-bases along
upper margin of pteropleuron and sutures (not entire pteropleuron, metapleuron

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 27

and upper part of metasternum as in hesperus), an apical discal spot on tergite 6,
greater part of tergite 7 above, more extensive in 9, and entire genital segments
in both sexes (tergites 2 and 3 being entirely dark in both sexes, or only very
dark piceous reddish on sides in g, not contrastingly reddish as in hesperus) ;
hind margins of tergites 2-6 in g and 2-4 in @ also ring-like yellowish, but
distinctly narrower, less conspicuous, and those of 5 and 6 in ¢ slightly more
reddish yellowish; venter much darker, even basally, and hind margins of
sternites more obscurely yellowish, and those of 2 and 3 in @ not so conspicuous
as in 9 of hesperus; legs in both sexes also mainly pale yellowish, but the front
femora slightly darkened near base below, not darkened ring-like as in hesperus,
and hind femora scarcely or less extensively darkened apically, only slightly so
on inner side.

Integument of disc of thorax relatively more coarsely rugulose, especially
along sides and the two submedial streaks; puncturation on abdomen above
distinctly coarser and slightly less dense, the individual punctures larger and
towards apex distinctly less dense, more separated; puncturation on venter
coarser, but sparser.

Vestiture with the hairs on head in front relatively shorter, more so in Q,
similarly coloured in g, but in @ shortish tufts on sides of antennal insertions
orange fulvous, not whitish, and short ones on sides of clypeus also mainly
orange fulvous; sericeous whitish hairs across middle of tergite 1 distinctly
shorter and sparser in both sexes; hairs on metasternum and middle and hind
coxae fulvous reddish, not sericeous whitish or yellowish as in hesperus.

Head with the antennae very similar, also distinctly shorter than thorax
(excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about 2-24 times length of 2; segment 3 also
a little longer than club; latter however thickened from about middle, not
beyond middle; proboscis relatively longer, as 75:71, but also shorter than
vertical length of an eye.

Wings with a similar type of pattern but appearing much darker, even
more so in Q, the hinder half distinctly more infuscated, the alula, anal and
axillary and third posterior cells and hind border distinctly uniformly tinted
brownish, not so clear as in var. hesperus, though a streak in middle of discoidal
cell and more than hinder half of first posterior cell are also clear as in latter;
veins as in hesperus, but fuscous borders in darkened middle parts in @ darker,
more intense.

Legs similar.

Genital segments of 2 with apical part of last sternite relatively narrower,
slightly depressed medially; oviscape similar.

Aypopygium of J (pl. 1 fig. 2) with the lobes of tergite 9 distinctly more acute
apically; prongs of sternite g slightly longer, relatively broader towards their
bases in ventral view.

Types of this species in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 22~-24°5 mm
Length of wing: about 17-21°5 mm

28 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, January 1922)
(3 holotype); Georgida near and south-west of Willowmore in Little
Karoo (Dr. Brauns, January 1927) (@ allotype).

Mydaselpis mimeticus n.sp.

A somewhat damaged 2 specimen in the Transvaal Museum represents a
very interesting species which has a very remarkable superficial resemblance to
species of the vespid-genus Belonogaster, such as B. junceus and B. lateritius. The
significance of the marked resemblance of this mydaid to Belonogaster, as well as
that of other members of the genus to eumenine vespids and of other Mydaselpini
to conopid- and some syrphid-flies, is unknown and suggests either mimetic
resemblance or some unknown biological factor common to these mydaids and
their models. The species is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black and pale yellowish reddish; the following parts pale
yellowish reddish: antennae, clypeus (except dark central line), greater part of
proboscis, humeral tubercles, an extensive infusion around latter, extending a
little posteriorly on sides of thorax and submedially on disc, sides of thorax from
wing-bases, postalar calli broadly, base of thorax, greater part of scutellum,
sides of metanotum, propleural part, extreme hind margin of mesopleuron,
area below wing-bases and pteropleuron, sutures, metapleural part below
halteres, sides posteriorly of tergite 1, tergites 2 and 3 (except for basal discal
black spot on 2 and dark extreme sides of 2 and 3), central discal patches on
hinder halves of 4 and 5 (extending down sides apically), greater discal part
of 6 (extending down to sides apically), entire tergites 7 and 8 (more reddish),
sternites 1-3, base and middle part of 4, apical part of 6, entire 7 and more than
apical half of 8, genitalia, prosternum, coxae and legs (except for some slight
darkening along inner and outer faces of hind femora in apical halves) ; hind
margin of tergite 1 narrowly reddish; base of 3 reddish brownish; hind margins
of tergites 2-4 yellowish whitish, broader on sides; hind margins of 5—7 more
reddish; those of sternites 2—4 conspicuously yellowish whitish and 5 and 6 more
narrowly and obscurely yellowish; bullae blackish brown.

Integument of middle part of frons, base of tergite 1 and exposed bases of
others shining; that of disc of thorax vermicellately rugulose, coarser so on
sides and along the two submedial streaks; that of metanotum dull velvety
black where not reddish; that of pleurae dull; integument across middle of
tergite 1 punctured, but not very coarsely; that of rest of abdomen above with
dense, aciculate, setiferous, not very coarse, puncturation on tergites 2-5,
somewhat sparser and shallower on 6 and 7 and almost wanting on 8; extreme
sides or tergites 3-7 intramarginally with the usual rows of crater-like punctures
or pits; sides of sternites 5-7 also with some rows of pit-like punctures; rest
of venter with fine, sparse, setiferous puncturation, much sparser on sternite 8.

Vestiture with the hairs on vertex, sides of frons, sides of frons anteriorly and
on sides of clypeus, dense and longish, yellowish whitish; hairs on head below
more rufous; sides of frons and frons anteriorly, entire face and broadly on

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 29

occiput behind eyes covered with greyish tomentum; hairs on disc of thorax
shortish, sparse and in streaks, yellowish whitish; metapleural part in front of
halteres with only a few sparse, shortish, yellowish whitish hairs; dense, decum-
bent, longish hairs across base anteriorly and middle of tergite 1 gleaming
sericeous yellowish or pale brassy yellowish; rest of shortish hairs in the punctu-
ration on abdomen above, as well as sparser ones on venter, also gleaming .
sericeous yellowish; hairs on legs yellowish, fairly dense and longer on hind
coxae, almost absent on transversely ringed basal half of hind femora, fairly
dense, but short, on small granules in apical half, slightly denser and shorter
and more yellowish on tibiae.

Head with the interocular space on vertex rather narrowish, but as in other
known 99 of this genus also about as broad as interocular space below; antennae
shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 rather stoutish, about 24
times length of 2; segment 3 shorter than club, a little less than a third of its
apical part slightly thickened; club elongate, thickest beyond middle; proboscis
stoutish, shorter than vertical length ofan eye.

Wings rather longish, with a general pattern reminiscent of the wings of the
vespids Belonogaster junceus and B. lateritius, tinted yellowish in costal half up to
lower vein of first basal cell and also including second basal cell, but with the
apical part from stump at base of second submarginal cell as well as apical part
of marginal cell, more or less apical half of first submarginal cell, entire second
submarginal cell, base and apex of first posterior cell and along apical vein of
discoidal cell dark brownish, the rest of hinder half of wings clearer, more
hyaline, except for some faint fuscous borders along apical vein of anal cell and
basal parts of veins of third posterior cell; veins yellowish in yellow part and
dark or blackish brown in brown part and in hinder half; apex of second sub-
marginal cell rather broadish, broader than that of first submarginal, the stump
at its base markedly long, apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; halteres yellow-
ish, upper apical part of knobs brownish.

Legs with the hind ones rather long, the hind femora slightly clavately
thickened, more than their basal halves transversely, but obliquely, ridged or
noded, each ridge finely striate in appearance on dorsal part of femora, the
apical half of hind femora finely transversely wrinkled, these femora armed
below from about middle with a double row of yellowish reddish spines; basal
segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-segment (excluding claws) ;
hind claws more gradually curved down apically than in karooensis.

Genital segments as in other 99 of this genus.

Length of body: about 23 mm (tip of abdomen normally curved down)
Length of wing: about 21 mm
Distribution: Western Transvaal: Rustenburg (A. Capener, December

1947).

30 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Mydaselpis variolosus Bezz.

Mydaselpis variolosus Bezzi, 19245: 221.

This species, which Bezzi described from a single 9 specimen from Shilu-
vane in the Transvaal and which he retained in his own collection, is not repre-
sented in any of the collections before me. From the description it ought to be
easily recognizable and appears to be a Mydaselpis s.str. Its main differentating
characters appear to be the almost entirely reddish thorax and pleurae,
blackened only along the middle above to near scutellum; the entirely reddish
scutellum; the almost entirely black abdomen, with only the terminal segments
reddish, and hind margins of tergites 2 and 3 narrowly yellowish; the reddish
bullae; the deep (? coarse) puncturation of abdomen above; the rather exten-
sively infuscated wings, with only streaks in some cells and the narrow clearer or
greyish hyaline hind border; the rather shortish proboscis, not quite 2 mm long;
and the reddish coxae and yellowish legs.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 9 mm
Distribution: north-eastern Transvaal: Shiluvane.

Mydaselpis ignicornis (Brun.) n.comb.
Mydas ignicornis Brunetti, 1929: 8.

This species which Brunetti described under the genus Mydas from a single
¢ specimen from Bulawayo in Rhodesia is not represented in any of the collec-
tions before me. From his description it is however evident that the species
should be transferred to Mydaselpis with which genus it appears to agree more
than with the other related new genus Vespiodes described below. Neither can it
belong to the genus Afroleptomydas (Leptomydas) as it was believed to be in
comparisons made for Bequaert (1961a) in a footnote (p. 10).

From the description its main differentiating characters appear to be its
almost entire orange brownish thorax above, only darkened centrally above;
its similarly coloured pleurae and scutellum, with only the sternopleuron, lower
part of mesopleuron and the hypopleuron black; its mainly orange brownish
abdomen which has transverse black bands over junctions of tergites 2 and
3 and 3 and 4, narrow yellowish hind margins across 2 and 3 and black basal
parts to 5-7; its orange brownish venter of which the hind margins of sternites
I—4 are narrowly lividly yellowish; and wings which are yellowish brownish in
anterior half, darker brown in first basal cell to apex of wing, and paler more
pale yellowish grey in hinder half, but with the anal and discoidal cells nearly
clear.

It appears to be nearest to variolosus Bezz. described from the north-eastern
Transvaal and also not represented in the collections. The latter also has the
greater part of the thorax, scutellum and pleurae pale coloured, but has,
according to the description almost entirely infuscated wings, an entirely shining
black abdomen with only the terminal segments reddish, coarser puncturation

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 31

on abdomen, and slightly longer antennae. The possibility that these two species
may prove to be identical is however not excluded.

VESPIODES n.gen.
Leptomydas Sack (nec Gerstaecker), 1935: 503. (n.syn.)
Mydaselpis Bequaert (nec Bezzi) in part, 1940: 7-24. Bequaert (mec Bezzi) in part, 1951: 1-20.
(n.syn.)

In 1935 Sack described a peculiar mydaid from the north-eastern Transvaal
under the name of Leptomydas conopeus which has a remarkable resemblance to
a conopid-fly. As the description was based on a single 3 specimen in the
Transvaal Museum it was not accessible to Bequaert, but in 1940 (p. 4) and
1951 (p. 20) he correctly surmised that it did not belong to the genus Leptomydas
(i.e. Afroleptomydas) and he then provisionally referred it to Mydaselpis Bezz.
under which latter genus he also described five other species, leopolditertzt,
katangensis, goldingi, rhodesiensis and pattersoni from the Congo, north-eastern
Rhodesia and west Africa. From a 5 specimen of Leptomydas conopeus Sack very
kindly compared with the unique type specimen of Sack by Dr. Van Son, as
well as from the descriptions, illustrations and plates of Bequaert in the two
publications cited above, and also from representatives of at least three other
undescribed species, belonging to the same genus, in the National Museum of
Rhodesia and kindly submitted by the late Dr. Arnold, it is quite evident that
all these species belong to a genus which is distinct from the typical Mydaselpis
Bezz. of which the type-species is in the South African Museum and of which
other typical representatives are described above.

As all these various species have a superficial resemblance to wasps the
name Vespiodes is proposed for the new genus to accommodate them. They
however have an even closer resemblance to other wasp-imitating Diptera,
such as representatives of the Conopidae and certain Syrphidae. In fact their
resemblance to species of the syrphid-genus Cerioides is very striking and
remarkable.

Representatives of this new genus differ from those of Mydaselpis in the
following respects:

Body with the abdomen more slender, distinctly less stout, even more
pedunculate, much more and more conspicuously narrowed waist-like at seg-
ments 2 and 3, appearing more clavate or wasp-like, the club-like thickened
hinder part more spindle-shaped, tapering more posteriorly, being broadest
across junction of segments 5 and 6 and in many species tergites 2 and 3 with
yellowish on sides or entirely yellowish.

Integument of head and thorax similar, that of thorax above also
vermicellately rugulose, coarser on sides and along two submedial streaks;
pleurae and metanotum also dull; integument of abdomen however different,
that across middle of first segment and across extreme base of same segment on
sides not coarsely punctured, either only finely punctured or more usually
transversely striate or grooved; rest of abdomen above not densely and coarsely
punctured or pitted, but only covered with very much finer, sparse or dense,

32 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

setiferous puncturation.

Vestiture with the hairs slightly less developed, the longer ones on head
slightly shorter and less dense; hairs across middle of first abdominal segment
and across extreme base on its sides usually much shorter, sparser, or almost
absent and, if longish and dense, not so decumbent and not separated on sides
by a broad hairless streak as in Mydaselpis; greyish whitish tomentum or bloom
more consistently and more conspicuously present across lateral basal part of
abdominal segment 1, hinder parts of metapleural and metasternal parts and
along outer face of hind coxae; hairs on legs as fine, but relatively sparser.

Head with the vertex distinctly much more deeply sunk in in middle;
clypeus more convex, slightly larger and in side view more tumid or bulging,
not so sloping straight down as in Mydaselpis; buccal cavity relatively shorter;
antennae very similar; proboscis similar; palps also minute; postvertical spines
absent or not distinctly differentiated as in Mydaselpis.

Wings as in Mydaselpis; venation similar, but with a greater tendency for a
distinct vein-like longitudinal fold along middle of first submarginal cell
imitating the spurious vein of the syrphid Cerioides; infuscation in wings more
often more extensive, occupying most of wings, sometimes leaving clear streaks
only in cells in hinder half or along hind border and, if clear in hinder half, the
hinder half or more of first posterior cell not clear or clearer and, if with a clear
area, this is only along middle or in basal part (the apical part to a variable
extent entirely infuscated).

Legs similar, but hind ones relatively shorter, the hind femora also slightly
thickened, but distinctly more clavate, their base being relatively more slender,
usually with slight transverse node-like ridges and in the species before me with
two short, parallel, raised, granular ridges or rows of granules on outer lower
aspect near base, but also armed below with a double row of spines; hind tibiae
also with granules below, without any or with much smaller spicules along
inner face or near apex, even in 99.

Terminal segments in 99 with tergite 9 also raised keel-like medially above;
Oviscape with a row of much finer, shorter and feebler bristles.

Hypopygium of known 39 (cf. pl. 1 fig. 7) with the last or ninth sternite not
roundly convex and scoop-like, but narrowed posteriorly, somewhat laterally
compressed and vertically sharply truncate apically or merely conical, its prongs
stouter, shorter, with a sharper dentate process or tooth above near base and
with much denser and longer hairs below as well as on sides apically of sternite 9;
aedeagal apparatus also in form of a tubular structure, sometimes vase-shaped,
ending apically in two smaller phallic tubes, each with a funnel-shaped gono-
pore; an epimere, which is absent in Mydaselpis, is however present to a variable
degree in the form of a distinct, often prominent, conspicuous or longish
unpaired dorsal process, lobe or spine.

The type-species of this new genus is Vespiodes conopeus (Sack).

The three known species from southern Africa may be separated as
follows:

I. (a)
(2)
2. (a)
(0)
3. (4)
(5)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 33

Greater part of vertex, frons, head in front or sometimes even entire head reddish,
reddish brownish or brownish; entire or greater part of pteropleuron and entire meta-
sternal part mainly dark or black; anterior part of thorax above not extensively reddish,
the reddish confined to a smaller area on inner side of humeral tubercles; hind margins
of tergites 2-4 and of corresponding sternites either darker or more reddish or the
yellowish confined to extreme sides; tergites 2 and 3 usually black above medially and
pale yellowish or yellowish whitish on sides to a variable extent; hairs on head in front,
in 2° at least, much shorter, sparser, and not dense on clypeus, those on thorax above in
both sexes present in 4 streaks and hairs on tergites 1 and 2 very short and sparse in
both sexes; metanotum bare, not silvery pubescent; tergite 1 mainly transversely striate
or grooved; wings either almost entirely uniformly infuscated or, if with hinder half
clearer, first posterior cell is entirely infuscated or tinted .. Ms aid crows se}

Vertex, entire frons and sides of face black; greater part or entire pteropleuron and
metasternal part in front of hind coxae reddish; anterior part of thorax, excepting only a
narrow central black streak, reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 and of corresponding
sternites conspicuously yellowish whitish; greater part of tergite 2 above and basally on
sides, entire 3 above and an infusion on sides of 4 and 5 yellowish reddish or reddish,
without a continuous black medial streak on 2 and 3; hairs on head in front, including
clypeus, denser, longer, those on thorax above denser, interrupted only along middle
above, and hairs on tergites 1 and 2 in 9 and 1-3 in @ long, fairly dense; metanotum
with distinct, fine, silvery pubescence on sides; tergite 1 both basally on sides and across
its hinder half less distinctly or coarsely transversely grooved, in 9 only punctured, not
transversely grooved; wings dark brownish in anterior half and clear or clearer in
hinder half including basal two-thirds of first posterior cell in both sexes

3 2 certoidiformis n.sp.

Wings infuscated brownish in anterior half up to apex of discoidal cell and including
first posterior cell and to a fainter extent second basal cell and a little beyond its apex
and lower part of discoidal cell opposite apical cross-vein of second basal cell, the rest
of wing clearer; scutellum and greater middle discal part of metanotum extensively
black; entire sides of tergites 2 and 3 pale yellowish; integument of rest of abdomen
paler steel bluish, with slightly less dense setiferous puncturation on tergites 4-5; head
in front more brownish a a ae 5 en .. 3 conopeus (Sack)

Wings entirely and relatively uniformly infuscated, dark blackish brownish throughout,
only narrow hind border and to a certain extent middle of cells slightly less tinted;
scutellum and entire metanotum, except narrow medial black line, reddish; entire sides
of only tergite 2 (excepting dark extreme sides) and base laterally of 3 pale yellowish;
integument of rest of abdomen obscurely darker bluish, with distinctly denser setiferous
puncturation on tergites 4-5; head in front paler, more reddish or yellowish reddish 3

Antennae relatively shorter, the apical thickened part of segment 3 and basal half of
club not distinctly darkened; reddish infusion around humeral tubercles slightly more
extensive, extending posteriorly on extreme sides for a little distance; abdomen slightly
more distinctly bluish, the puncturation on tergite 3 relatively sparser and that on 4-6,
though dense, distinctly less so especially on sides; wings relatively shorter, broader, the
base up to cross-vein in costal cell more yellowish and parts of veins there also yellowish;
legs with the apical part of hind femora much paler, pale reddish yellowish, the apical
part of tibiae paler and tarsi also paler; last sternite more truncate, scarcely narrowed
apically, not turned up scoop-like .. Be, ais ae ae © ruficeps n.sp.

Antennae distinctly longer, the apical part of segment 3 and basal half of relatively
longer club darkened; reddish infusion around humeral tubercles less extensive, not on
sides of thorax behind tubercles; abdomen more darkly and obscurely bluish, punctura-
tion on tergite 3 relatively denser, that on 4-6 distinctly much denser, and also on sides;
wings longer, the base and veins there dark like rest; legs with more than apical halves
of hind femora, including apical parts of tibiae, appearing darker, due to darker hairs,
and tarsi also darker brownish; last sternite narrowed apically, turned up scoop-like

© nyasae n.sp.

34 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Vespiodes conopeus (Sack) n.comb.
Leptomydas conopeus Sack, 1935: 503, fig. 1. Bequaert, 1940: 4.

This species was described by Sack from a unique ¢ specimen in the Trans-
vaal Museum and was given the name of conopeus because as the author states it
could easily be mistaken for a conopid-fly. Dr. Van Son of the Transvaal
Museum has very kindly loaned another 3 specimen of the same species to me
which he has compared with the ¢ holotype. From both the description of the
type and this other specimen it is quite evident that this species has a great
resemblance to representatives of Conopidae, but it has an even more striking
resemblance to species of the genus Certozdes of the family Syrphidae. The chief
distinguishing features of the 3. of this species are as follows:

Body mainly dark, but entire head, including clypeal part, excepting only
black eyes and black shining medial basal ridge, reddish brownish to toffee-
brownish; antennae also reddish brownish; proboscis blackish brown; humeral
tubercles and a spot on inner side of them, apex of postalar calli, spot on sides
of scutellum and sometimes a faint one medially, sides of metanotum, propleural
part, area below wing-bases, and suture above middle coxae yellowish reddish;
sides of tergites 2 and 3 broadly, and base on sides of 4, very pale yellowish to
very pale reddish yellowish, the dorsum discally of 2 and 3 being blackish
brownish; tergites 4-7 with distinct steel bluish reflections; hypopygial struc-
tures yellowish reddish to almost orange yellowish, sternite 8 however more
violaceous brownish; venter yellowish basally on sternites 1-3, but darkened,
more brownish medially, sternite 4 dark blackish brownish and rest of venter
dark and with steel bluish reflections; hind margins of tergites 1-5 dark reddish
brownish, but yellowish on sides of 2 and 3 and extreme sides of 4; bullae light
reddish; hind margin of sternite 7 dirty yellowish; legs pale yellowish reddish,
the inner and outer parts of front coxae, inner, lower and upper parts of hind
coxae darker, more dark brownish, the bases of hind femora and dorsally to
near middle very pale yellowish whitish, the rest of hind femora dark castaneous
brownish or blackish brown, but a little less than apical third paler, more
yellowish reddish; hind tibiae sometimes also darkened on outer side to a
variable extent.

Integument of frons and clypeus shining; that of thorax above dull, ver-
micellately rugulose, more or less coarser on sides and along two submedial
streaks; postalar calli and scutellum also more or less shining; metanotum dull;
pleurae mainly dull; tergite 1 on sides basally and discally across middle trans-
versely grooved or wrinkled and with only sparse punctures, mainly shining
discally; tergites 2 and 3 with sparse, setiferous punctures, also more or less
shining; tergites 4-6 with much denser, fine, aciculate, setiferous puncturation,
less dense in basal two-thirds of 4 and sides of others; tergite 7 with sparse,
setiferous puncturation; sides of 5-7 with three or four intramarginal rows of
crater-like punctures; sternites 4-7 also fairly densely, finely punctured, less
so submedially on sides, but extreme sides of 5-7 intramarginally also with
coarser, pit-like punctures, and more or less basal half of sternite 4 almost

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 35

smooth, with fewer punctures; sternite 8 with some scattered, setiferous
punctures.

Vestiture with the hairs on head in front the longest, snow whitish; those
below more brownish; short, decumbent, relatively sparse hairs in streaks on
thorax above also whitish; hairs on propleural part brownish; pleurae bare,
with only a few sparse, short, whitish ones on metapleural part and some
longer whitish ones on metasternum; metanotum bare; abdomen above with
relatively sparse, scattered, shortish, whitish hairs on tergite 1 and its sides
basally; those on rest of abdomen shortish, decumbent and located in the
punctures, as dense as puncturation, slightly pale fulvous brownish on tergites 4
and 5, more sericeous yellowish on 6 and 7; hairs on venter as on dorsum,
but mainly pale fulvous brownish; those on genitalia longer, denser, fulvous
brownish below, darker brownish below prongs of sternite 9, paler fulvous to
more sericeous yellowish on upper structures; hairs on legs poorly developed,
short, not very dense, mainly fulvous, those below tarsi denser, darker; spines
and spicules on legs yellowish reddish to reddish; fine tomentum or dense,
greyish whitish bloom present behind eyes in occiput, on posterior metasternal
and metapleural parts, very densely and conspicuously on basal lateral parts
of tergite 1 and front face of hind coxae.

Head with the antennae subequal in length to thorax; segment 1 about
2-21 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, longer than club; clypeus convex,
rather large, prominent; proboscis rather stoutish, subequal in length to or a
little shorter than vertical length of an eye, shorter than antennae; palps distinct,
but minute.

Wings with a characteristic pattern, infuscated brownish in anterior costal
part, including first basal cell, except its extreme base, and extending apically
where it is broadened to include apical vein of discoidal cell and entire first
posterior cell, leaving the hinder part of wings clearer, more faintly yellowish
or more hyaline except for a clear streak through middle of discoidal cell, a
more or less clear anal cell, and a slight brownish infusion along lower half
of second basal cell extending slightly beyond its apical vein into discoidal cell
and posterior cells; veins brownish; apex of first posterior cell subtending
angularly on costal margin; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; halteres

brownish.
Legs with the hind femora distinctly clavately thickened, their basal halves

slightly transversely ridged node-like, armed below in more or less apical half
with a double row of backwardly-directed spines on tubercles; hind tibiae
slightly curved downwards before apex, covered below with small, setiferous
granules.

Hypopygium as shown in pl. 1 fig. 7 and as more roughly illustrated by Sack
(504, fig. 1); lobes of tergite 9 bluntly rounded apically; sternite 9 compressed
apically, its posterior part sharply vertical or truncated, its lateral prong on each
side with a distinct, dentate process or tooth dorsally slightly beyond middle,
the prong bluntly lobe-like in dorsal view, directed inwards and fairly long-

36 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

haired below, and with longish hairs apically also on sides of sternite 9, especially
below; aedeagal apparatus in form of a stoutish, conical, upwardly-directed
basal part, ending apically in two short phallic tubes, the apex of each with a
funnel-like gonopore, and almost at right angles to aedeagus and a little below
bases of phallic tubes on dorsal side an unpaired epimere in form of a slightly
dorso-ventrally flattened, tongue-shaped lobe, which is entirely absent in
Mydaselpis, but present in varying degrees in other species of the new genus
Vespiodes (e.g. leopolditertii Bequaert, 1940: 15, figs 10 a and b).
Length of body: about 18 mm (to apex of markedly curved down
abdomen)
Length of wing: about 16 mm
Distribution: Northern Transvaal: 40 miles west of Louis Trichardt
(November 1932) (holotype); Pienaars River, north of Pretoria
(Swierstra, 1906) (second ¢ specimen).

Vespiodes ruficeps n.sp.

An interesting dark-winged Rhodesian species unfortunately represented
in the collections before me by a solitary Q specimen only. It shows some
resemblance to the ¢ of Vespiodes conopeus (Sack), but obviously belongs to an
entirely different species which is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, with the following parts yellowish reddish to
reddish: entire head excepting black eyes and black central ocellar ridge in
basal half of frons, antennae, humeral tubercles and an infusion around them
extending on sides of thorax for a little distance, an infusion on sides of thorax
above wing-bases, postalar calli, entire scutellum, almost entire metanotum
except for a dark central streak, propleural part, hinder part of mesopleuron,
area below wing-bases, anterior margin of pteropleuron, sutural part between
sterno- and hypopleura, area below bases of halteres, narrow hind margin of
tergite 7 discally, tergite and sternite 8, and genitalia; proboscis dark, reddish
below; sides of tergite 2 broadly and base of 3 very pale yellowish whitish,
the central dorsal discal part of 2 and most of 3 however very dark blackish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 1-3 and bases discally of 2-4 reddish
brownish; bullae yellowish reddish; extreme sides of tergites 2 and 8 narrowly
blackish; venter mainly very dark, blackish brownish in middle parts, sternites
1 and 2, and to a darker extent 3, brownish, and sternite 7 very dark piceous or
blackish red; legs yellowish reddish, the front and hind coxae blackish brownish,
the front femora darkened above towards base, the hind ones very pale yellowish
whitish in more or less basal half (expecially on inner part) then very dark
blackish brownish, but with apical third or more (more on inner aspect) reddish;
hind tibiae, except reddish base, mainly dark reddish brownish on outer side
and paler, more reddish on inner side.

Integument of head in front more or less shining; thorax above vermicellately
rugulose; abdomen with tergite 1 transversely grooved across middle on sides
and sides basally, very sparsely punctured above; tergites 2 and 3 sparsely

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 37

punctured above, almost smooth on sides, slightly more densely across intra-
apical part; tergites 4-6 fairly densely (slightly more dense than in conopeus)
covered with aciculate, setiferous punctures, slightly less so on sides; tergite 7
with much sparser, setiferous puncturation; tergite 8 mainly smooth; tergites
4-7 with the usual intramarginal rows of coarse punctures on sides; integument
of 4—7 with slight, dark bluish reflections in certain lights; venter corres-
pondingly punctured, but less dense than above, and sternites 4—7 also with
slight bluish reflections.

Vestiture with the shortish hairs on head in front whitish, almost absent from
disc of clypeus; hairs on head below brownish; occiput with a broadish streak
of silvery bloom behind eyes; hairs on disc of thorax sparse, short, whitish, in
4 streaks; sparse hairs on propleural part brownish and very short ones along
posterior margin of metasternal part whitish; vestiture on tergite 1 in form
of very dense, silvery greyish bloom across its base and especially on sides basally,
continued on to metasternal part and hind coxae as in other species of this
genus, the hairs on tergite 1 very short and sparse as the punctures, sericeous
yellowish; rest of fine, decumbent hairs on abdomen above dark, more brownish
on tergites 4 and 5, paler, more sericeous yellowish on 6 to 8; hairs on genitalia
more brownish, slightly longer; those on venter fulvous brownish; hairs on
legs very short and sparse on femora, denser on tibiae, fulvous brownish,
darker on dark parts of femora, the dense, fine brush below front tibiae dark or
blackish, and dense hairs or spinules below tarsi also dark; spines and spicules
on legs dark reddish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment
1 thickened, quite 24 times length of 2; segment 3 long, apically slightly
thickened, much longer than club, also longer than latter plus articulating
part; club with very short constricted basal part; proboscis much longer than
vertical length of an eye; clypeus rather convex, prominent; palps minute, but
distinct.

Wings, unlike those of conopeus, uniformly infuscated dark brownish, with
slight mauvish reflections, only the narrow hind border and broadened hinder
part of axillary cell and alula less tinted or clearer, and middle parts of first
and second submarginal cells and first posterior cell also slightly less dark;
veins dark brownish, but basal parts of 1 and 2 up to cross-vein yellowish
reddish; venational characters as described for the genus and conopeus; halteres
dark brownish.

Legs with the hind femora clavately thickened, armed below in apical half
with a double row of spines; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to
claw segment.

Genital segments with hind margin of oviscape in side view straight to apex of
tergite 9, the oviscape itself with a row of fine, shortish, bristly hairs of which only
2 or 3 in lower basal part are longish and bristle-like; sternite 9 subtruncate,
not narrowed and turned up scoop-like.

From a single 9 in the National Museum of Rhodesia.

38 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Length of body: about 17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 14-5 mm
Distribution: Rhodesia: Matetsi (R. Stevenson, 28th October 1934).
This species appears to be very near rhodesiensis (Bequaert 1951: 8) which
also has entirely infuscated wings and yellowish whitish on sides of tergites 2
and 3, but, according to the description, it may be distinguished from the
latter by its reddish and not brownish head, the slightly dark bluish reflections
of abdomen, the presence of much shorter, finer, bristly hairs on oviscape (not 6
longish bristle-like ones) and the different sculpture on sides basally of metano-
tum which is not composed of a granular elongate area, but ofa more rugulose one.

Vespiodes nyasae n.sp.

Another entirely dark-winged form which may almost be considered as
only a distinct variety of ruficeps, but as the unique 2 specimen before me differs
in slight, but important, details it is provisionally considered as a separate
species which differs from the @ ruficeps as follows:

Body, though with a very similar pattern of reddish and on the same parts,
with the reddish around humeral tubercles less extensive, not present on sides
of thorax behind the tubercle; black on extreme sides of tergite 2 more exten-
sive; abdomen with less distinct dark bluish reflections, the puncturation on
tergite 3 relatively denser and that on 4-6 distinctly much denser and also
down on sides (which in ruficeps is distinctly sparser); hind femora with more
than apical halves, including apical parts, distinctly darker, more castaneous
brownish; apical parts of tibiae also appearing darker, due to darker hairs, the
hind ones not visibly paler along inner sides; tarsi also darker.

Vestiture with the fine hairs on tergites 4-6 not only distinctly denser, due to
denser, setiferous puncturation, but slightly longer and darker fulvous brownish;
hairs on venter also denser and dark fulvous brownish; those on legs, especially
on apical parts of tibiae and tarsi, darker to almost blackish.

Head with the antennae proportionally distinctly much longer as 27:22,
segment 3 and club being proportionally much longer, the apical segment-like
thickened part of 3 and basal half of club darkened; proboscis also relatively
longer, as 17:15.

Wings relatively slightly longer, also entirely infuscated very dark blackish
brown; veins also dark, but 1 and 2 basally not pale reddish yellowish up to
cross-vein as in ruficeps.

Genital segments, in side view, with hind margin of oviscape less straight,
distinctly incurved to apex above of tergite 9, the oviscape itself with a row of
longer bristly hairs on each side; anal lobes darkened, not reddish yellowish,
with darker hairs; sternite 8 turned up and narrowed scoop-like apically under
oviscape.

From a 9 in the National Museum of Rhodesia.

Length of body: about 23 mm
Length of wing: about 18 mm

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 39

Distribution: Malawi (Nyasaland): Salima Bay, Lake Nyasa (5th Novem-
ber 1943).
This species also shows similar differences in regard to rhodesiensis (Bequaert)
as ruficeps, but in addition it differs in the apically turned up scoop-like last
sternite.

Vespiodes cerioidiformis n.sp.

A more hairy species, represented by a g in the Transvaal Museum and a
Q in the collections of the National Museum of Rhodesia, differs from all the
other known species of this genus in some important characters which relegate
it to a special group. This species, especially the 9, resembles species of the
syrphid-genus Cerzozdes even more than other species of this genus. It is charac-
terized as follows:

Body with the middle part of abdomen more slender in 3 mainly black,
including most of head, except clypeus; the following parts yellowish reddish
or reddish: antennae (excepting dark articulation between segment 3 and club
and the slightly less dark apical part of segment 3 and in J basal half of club),
clypeus, proboscis below, humeral tubercles and more or less broad anterior
part of thorax (excepting only a narrow black central streak), postalar calli,
narrow base of thorax, entire or greater part of scutellum, narrow anterior
part on each side of black metanotum, propleural part, area below wing-bases,
entire pteropleuron, suture down to middle coxae, part just below halteres,
metasternal part in front of hind coxae, base transversely, especially on sides, of
tergite 2, more or less hinder half discally and sides apically of 2, greater part of
3, base especially on sides of 4, large, roundish, ill-defined, spot-like infusions on
sides of tergites 4 and 5 (more distinct in 2), terminal segments in both sexes,
greater medial parts of sternites 2 and 3, base of 4, greater part of 5, greater part
of legs (except hind ones) and all coxae and trochanters; sides of tergites 2 and
3 (narrower in 2) and corresponding sternites, as well as those of tergites 4 and
5 and a transverse, intramarginal, apical line discally on 3, very dark or
blackish; sides of tergite 2 infused with reddish brownish in parts not occupied
by yellowish reddish; abdomen also with the narrow base discally and narrow
hind margin of tergite 1 dark reddish, hind margins of 2 and 3 and narrowly of
4, as well as hind margins of corresponding sternites, conspicuously yellowish
whitish, the bullae smallish, wine red, and hind margin of tergite 5 dull reddish
brownish and a central streak on 7 in 9 reddish; hind margins of sternites 5-7
dull dark reddish brownish; basal half of hind femora very pale yellowish
whitish, the rest of the surface reddish brown, darker on inner apical part, and
almost basal halves of hind tibiae above and on outer sides yellowish whitish,
the rest of these tibiae yellowish brownish or reddish brownish.

Integument of greater part of frons, middle part of clypeus and proboscis
below more or less shining; integument of thorax above vermicellately rugulose,
the extreme sides more shining, less sculptured, the two submedial streaks
slightly more coarsely sculptured, especially anteriorly, and with a fine, central,

40 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

carinate line, especially in 2; integument of tergite 1 shining discally in basal
half or part, with sparse, fine, setiferous punctures, coarser more aciculate or
‘nadelrissig’ puncturation across apical part (the tergite, unlike in other species
of this genus, distinctly less transversely convex across middle and with only
feeble, not coarsely conspicuous, transverse wrinkles on sides and sides basally) ;
rest of abdomen above smooth across bases of tergites 2 and 3, rest of these
tergites relatively sparsely aciculately punctured, denser in g, tergite 4 with
denser, coarser, aciculate, setiferous puncturation and 5 and 6 duller, with
much denser, aciculate, setiferous puncturation which on 7 is slightly less dense,
but denser and shallower than on 4; sternites 5—7 with shallower and sparser,
setiferous puncturation than above, and 1-4 smooth, more shining, with only
very fine, sparse, setiferous punctures.

Vestiture with greyish whitish or silvery bloom on extreme sides of frons,
sides of face, very broadly behind eyes, along extreme sides of thorax, on most of
metanotum (but on sides of latter in form of distinct, dense, short, silvery
pubescence), on hinder part of sternopleuron, on hypopleural and metapleural
parts, on sides basally of tergite 1 and very densely on outer face of hind
coxae; hairs more developed, even in 9, than in most other species, long and
fairly dense on head in front, snow whitish, those on head below more yellowish;
short hairs on thorax above also snow whitish, denser in 3, distinctly denser
than in the other species, longish on extreme sides, not arranged in 4 streaks as
in other species, but uniformly covering disc, except for a bare streak along
middle; sparse, longish hairs on propleural part yellowish and sparse ones on
metapleurae in front of halteres, as well as shortish ones on metasternal part,
whitish; hairs on tergite 1, unlike in other species, longish, fairly dense, silvery
whitish, denser in 3, and dense, longish ones also on sides of tergite 2 and even
silvery ones on sides of 3 in 9 and 3 and 4 in J, longer and denser than in other
known species; fine, short, decumbent ones in the dense aciculate punctures
on rest of abdomen also silvery whitish; hairs on venter also whitish, longer on
sternites 2-4; those on genital segments slightly longer, more yellowish, but
sparse and shorter ones on tergite and sternite 8 in 9, more whitish; hairs on
legs not much denser and longer than in other species, mainly whitish, the
brush-like ones on inner sides of front tibiae yellowish; spinules below tarsi more
fulvous brownish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1
shortish, thickened, about 2} times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, longer
than club, but slightly shorter than club plus articulation; club thickened from
about middle; proboscis longer than vertical length of an eye, the upper apical
part of labella not coarsely punctured as in the preceding species.

Wings with a pattern resembling that of conopeus, but differing in that the
dark brownish infuscated anterior part (mainly along course of veins) does not
extend down apical vein of discoidal cell, leaving greater part of first posterior
cell, except its apical part, clear; costal cell and hinder half in ¢ entirely clear, in
2 hinder middle part of wings tinted faintly, more yellowish, but leaving a clear

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 41

middle streak in discoidal cell, the entire alula, greater part of anal cell, entire
axillary lobe and hind border also clearer; veins dark brownish; halteres
yellowish, slightly more dirty yellowish on knobs above.

Legs with the hind femora relatively less thickened than in preceding three
species, but slightly thicker in ¢ than in 9, their basal halves slightly transversely
ridged node-like, armed below in apical half with about 8 or 9 brownish spines
in a double row and before these in basal half with 2 separated, unpaired ones.

Genital segments in 9 with the hind margin of oviscape in profile arcuately
rounded, intramarginally with a row of fine, shortish, pale bristles of which 2 in
the ventral aspect are darker, longer and stouter; last sternite truncate apically.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 slightly more pointed apically
than in conopeus; sternite 9 conically narrowed apically, not vertically truncate
as in conopeus, and with much shorter and sparser hairs, its process or prong on
each side more slender, the apical half distinctly more slender, longer, more cylin-
drical, with a broader tooth above near base, and with much shorter hairs below;
phallic tubes of aedeagus distinctly longerand more divergent than in conopeus.

From a g and a Q (¢ holotype in the Transvaal Museum and 9 allotype
in the National Museum of Rhodesia).

Length of body: about 19:5-21°5 mm
Length of wing: about 16 mm

Distribution: Transvaal: Salt Pan in the Pretoria district (G. van Son,
22nd September 1942) (g holotype). Rhodesia: Matetsi (R. Steven-
son, 14th September 1934) (Q allotype).

Genus AFROMYDAS Beq.
Afromydas Bequaert, 1961a: 11, 12, 13, and 14, fig. 10. Bequaert, 1963: 50, figs 6/5, 11 and 12.

This remarkable genus from Somaliland which Bequaert described more
fully in 1963 does not occur in southern Africa, but according to the description
of the type-species guichardi it shows some affinities with the new genus Vespiodes
and should also be placed in the new tribe Mydaselpini.

According to the description and text-figures it appears to differ from
Vespiodes in the presence of a double or forked epimere in front of the two phallic
tubes of the g; the less pedunculate or waist-like narrowed part of the abdomen;
the less posteriorly acuminate abdomen in 9; the presence of a row of bristly
hairs across apical part of the basal part of the oviscape and not across apical
part as in 99 of Vespiodes: the presence of anterior, submedial, triangular, and
basal triangular, unsculptured areas on mesonotal part of thorax; absence of
distinct, discal hairs on thorax above; and the presence of more hairs (apart
from tomentum), on pleurae, especially on hinder part of mesopleuron, the
pteropleuron, metapleuron and hypopleuron.

Syllegomydaini n.tribe
This is a composite tribe established provisionally to accommodate most of
the genera of southern Africa and from other parts of Africa which cannot be

42 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

accommodated in the other two tribes, the Mydaselpini and Cephalocerini. It
is composed of a heterogeneous assemblage of genera and, as at present consti-
tuted, includes all those African genera with characters which differ from those
characterizing the latter two tribes. They appear to share the following differen-
tiating characters:

Sternite 9 in known 9 usually distinctly tumidly conical or inflated, or
laterally compressed in apical part, rarely navicular or much dorso-ventrally
depressed or scoop-like, rarely much or broadly indented at middle apically;
phallic tubes of aedeagus usually more slender, longer, more pointed, or curved
and horn-like, or very long and slender and, if short or sessile, usually not
stoutish and without a large gonopore; oviscape in 99 always with a row of
conspicuous, broadish, stoutish, flattened spines on each side; abdomen not
markedly narrowed waist-like and, if narrowed between segments 2 and 3
(or 4), usually not coarsely or very densely punctured; and tibiae with relatively
longer, finer, usually less spine-like hairs, these usually not situated on distinct
granules, and with the spicules, especially on hind ones, usually longer, some-
times more numerous.

Genus HAPLOMYDAS Bezz.

Haplomydas Bezzi, 19245: 199. Bequaert, 1959: 356. sg nerents 1963: 4.
Rhopalia Brunetti (nec Macquart), 1929: 7.
Heleomydas Séguy, 1929: 110. Séguy, 1930: 654, fig. 3.

This genus which Bezzi based on a single 2 type specimen from Rhodesia
in the South African Museum, is the centre of some confusion in literature. It
was not recognized by Brunetti who in 1929 described a representative of it,
also a 9 specimen and from Rhodesia, as Rhopalia flavomarginata. The true genus
Rhopalia of Macquart is apparently a north African one which has not been
recorded from Africa south of the equator. Brunetti’s description of the antennae,
body characters and especially the incrassate hind femora, with four rows of
spines below, as characterizing his 2 specimen, supports the contention, also
maintained by Bequaert (1961a: 10, footnote, and 1963: 10), that his species
is a representative of Haplomydas of which the 2 type-species shows the same
characters. About the same time Séguy in 1929 described a representative of
the as yet undescribed 3 of Haplomydas from Portuguese East Africa as Heleomy-
das lesnet and which he figured in a subsequent publication in 1930 (fig. 9).
From this illustration it is quite evident that Heleomydas, as was also maintained
by Bequaert (1963: 5), is synonymous with the ¢ of Haplomydas which, though
not described till then, was represented together with the 92 in some collections.
This generic synonymy was already indicated by Bequaert in 1959.

The genus Haplomydas shares certain characters with the Mydaine genus
Ectyphus Gerst. rather than with Afroleptomydas Beq. (= Leptomydas of southern
Africa) with which Bezzi compared the 9. Excepting only the former genus, it
differs from all other known South African genera in the following combination
of characters:

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 43

Head with the proboscis much reduced, but with the labella, relative to
this reduction, rather well developed, armed with minute spinules; postvertical
spines not in a single row on each side, but in a clump.

Wings with the second submarginal cell basally without an appendix;
first posterior cell very broadly open apically on costal margin, the cell itself
rather broad; first basal cell rather narrow; third posterior cell with its lower
vein markedly curved up apically, the apex of the cell thus more rounded.

Abdomen with the bullae situated linearly across hind margin, not easily
distinguishable; oviscape in 99 reduced in size, exserted, the vertical, central
carina on last genital tergite, so evident in most other genera, also much
reduced.

Hypopygium of 3 (see Bequaert 1961a: 6, figs 6, 8, and 11, fig. 9, and 1963:
6, fig. 1A) remarkable in that the lateral lobes of tergite 9 are markedly deve-
loped, large, chitinized apically and there armed with a pad of denticles or
short spines; sternite 9 not prominent or bulbular or cone-like, its lateral prong
or process on each side upcurved, slightly convergent apically; aedeagus, as
figured by Bequaert (1961a: 11, fig. 9), in form of a bluntly rounded tubular
process, provided apically on posterior aspect with two outwardly directed,
slightly curved, horn-shaped, phallic tubes.

Legs with the hind femora markedly or relatively enormously thickened or
incrassate in both sexes, armed below with four rows of spines; membranous
face of hind coxae rather markedly large and oval; hind tibiae curved, some-
what attenuated apically, without spicules in both sexes, longitudinally carinate
below, ending apically in a sharp, spine-like process below in both sexes; tarsi
markedly short, the basal segment of hind ones not or scarcely longer than
second.

Vestiture on body on the whole poorly developed, the metanotum, ptero-
pleuron and rest of pleurae, except metapleural part in front of halteres and
hind margin of mesopleuron, bare.

From Ectyphus, which also has some of these characters, it may at once be
distinguished by the entirely different type of aedeagus, the absence of a cross-
vein in hind border of wings, much narrower and more normally shaped cly-
peus, absence of spines on hind trochanters, apically narrowed tibiae, absence
of spicules on hind tibiae, much shorter tarsal segments, etc.

The only known representative of this genus is the type-species Haplomydas
crassipes of Bezzi.

Haplomydas crassipes Bezz.

Haplomydas crassipes Bezzi, 1924b: 200. Bequaert, 1959: 356. Bequaert, 19614: 10. Bequaert,
1963: 5, fig. 1.

Rhopalia flavomarginata Brunetti, 1929: 7.

Heleomydas lesnei Séguy, 1929: 110. Séguy, 1930: 654, fig. 3.

Since 1924 the South African Museum has acquired a 3 specimen of this
genus and species and the late Dr. Arnold of the National Museum of Rhodesia

44. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

has also very kindly lent me a series of J¢ and 99 present in their collections.
As there is no question about the conspecificity of the $g and 99, despite the
dichroism and variability of the species, this material enables me to supplement
the detailed redescription of the species given by Bequaert (1963: 5, fig. 1) and
to add comments on other 99. Supplementing Bezzi’s, Séguy’s and Bequaert’s
descriptions the chief distinguishing characters of this rather variable species are:

Body elongate, the 2 resembling a masarid wasp; thorax rather short and
quadrate; abdomen elongate and cylindrical in g; clypeus yellowish or pale
yellowish brownish to brownish in 9, ochreous or orange yellowish in 4;
antennae yellowish, the apices of segment 3 and club usually darkened or
black; humeral tubercles, pteropleural parts, sometimes base of thorax, broad
hind margins of tergites and sternites and base of tergite 2 in 9, hind coxae,
bases of hind femora and front and middle femora, tibiae and all the tarsi very
pale or lemon yellowish to even pallid in both sexes; sides of thorax, postalar
calli and two submedial streaks on thorax above, base of thorax to a variable
extent, hind border of scutellum or entire scutellum in Q, infusions to a variable
extent on sides of metanotum (or even entire metanotum) and discal parts to a
variable extent or even entire surface above (or a medial streak) on tergites 1-5
or 6 in Q also yellowish to yellowish reddish; abdomen in ¢ strikingly pale
orange yellowish discally above on tergites 1-6, very pale yellowish whitish on
sides and across hind margins of tergites and on venter, with transverse, blackish
brown spots on sides basally of tergites 1-7 (becoming larger and duller on 5—7)
and with transverse dark of black spots across bases of sternites 2 and 3 and very
narrowly across extreme bases of others; extreme base on sides of tergite 1,
metapleural part above hind coxae and large outer anterior membranous face
of hind coxae rather contrastingly yellowish whitish in both sexes; cavities on
each side of scutellum, base of anterior spiracle, sternopleural and anterior
lower hypopleural parts and area below halteres strikingly or conspicuously
shining black; anterior and middle coxae, and sometimes anterior pleural parts,
more brownish; last two abdominal segments in 2 more brownish than black
and hypopygium of 3 mainly yellowish; narrow marginal bullae shining and
yellowish whitish in both sexes; spines on hind femora below blackish brown or
black and inner and lower faces of these femora also darkened to a variable
extent.

Integument of thorax above and metanotum dull, due to a fine rugulose
microsculpture; that of abdomen in @ shining, sparsely punctured, especially
on sides above, but last two segments transversely rugulose; integument of
abdomen in ¢ dull discally, sub-shining on sides, especially tergites 1-4 where
it is also somewhat sparsely punctured; black parts of pleurae mentioned above
conspicuously shining.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, body and legs entirely very pale or whitish
in 3, slightly longer in 3, also mainly whitish in 9, but those on last two. abdo-
minal segments slightly more sericeous yellowish; hairs on head usually more
snow whitish, those on clypeus in ¢ rather long; head behind vertex, frons and

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 45

face rather broadly covered on each side with white tomentum; white tomentum
also present on sides of thorax and as two submedial discal streaks on the
yellowish-coloured streaks which unite posteriorly on each side, forming a
striking pattern of 4 whitish streaks separating 3 broad black ones; conspicuous
whitish tomentum also present on scutellum, metanotum, anterior pleural part,
upper part of hypopleuron, the yellowish-coloured metapleural and coxal parts
in both sexes.

Head with antennal segment 1 about twice length of 2; club longer than
segment 3.

Wings distinctly, though faintly, tinted yellowish to pale yellowish brownish,
more so in g; veins yellowish brownish to reddish; first posterior cell rather
broad, broadly opening apically; third posterior cell also markedly broad,
broader than discoidal cell, ending in either a point at acute apex of latter or
often very shortly stalked apically; halteres pallid.

Hypopygium of § as described under genus and as figured by Bequaert
(1961, No. 19: 6, figs 6 and 11, fig. 9 and 10963: 6, fig. 1A).

From 7 g¢ and 8 99 in the National Museum of Rhodesia and the South
African Museum (original 2 type in the South African Museum).

Length of body: about 9-14 mm
Length of wing: about 7-5-12 mm

Distribution: Rhodesia: Bulawayo (Tucker, May 1917) (@ holotype and
type-species) ; Balla Balla (April); Khami Ruins (April); Ovi River, Matopos
(May). Portuguese East Africa: Mapai (May), and according to Séguy: Nova
Choupanga near Chemba (May) and Inhacoro (May).

Genus EREMOHAPLOMYDAS Beq.
Eremohaplomydas Bequaert, 1959: 357-363, figs 1-5.

There are no representatives of this interesting South West African genus
in the collections before me, but judging from the notes on the genus and the
comprehensive description and text-figures of the type-species Eremohaplomydas
desertorum, this genus, as its name implies and as Bequaert also maintains, comes
very near the genus Haplomydas of Bezzi.

According to the description it differs from the latter mainly in having a
markedly broad head, with a frontal and facial region which is considerably
broader, the interocular space on vertex being even a little more than twice
width of an eye whereas in Haplomydas this space is considerably less than twice
width of an eye; in its remarkably short antennae of which segment 3 is very
short, only about subequal in length to segment 1 and 2 combined and of which
the club is more globularly pyriform, with more reduced and less projecting
terminal tubercle; in having no proboscis at all; in its distinctly more peduncu-
late wings in which the alula is vestigial or almost absent, the base of axillary
lobe much narrower, not lobe-like as in Haplomydas, the very short apical stalk
of anal cell which does not reach the hind margin and the apically markedly
broad first posterior cell; in having the lateral lobes of tergite 9 in the § more

46 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

pointed and rounded, armed with smaller denticles or granules, not narrowed
and obliquely truncate apically with a terminal pad of coarser denticles as in
3 of Haplomydas; and in having the lateral process on each side of sternite g in
¢ shorter, more lobe-like and divergent, not long, finger-like, converging and
apically upcurving as in Haplomydas.

The type-species Eremohaplomydas desertorum was described from the Kaoko-
veld in South West Africa.

It appears that, as in the case of some other genera of Mydaidae dealt with
in this memoir, the genus Eremohaplomydas is still another western homologue
or South West African representative of an east or south-east African genus,
namely Haplomydas.

LACHNOCORYNUS n.gen.

This new genus belongs to the same generic group as Haplomydas and
Eremohaplomydas in which the second submarginal cell in the wings is without an
appendix at base, the hind tibiae are somewhat laterally compressed, carinate
below and produced apically below into a spiniform process or tooth, the
antennae are relatively shortish, with shortish third segment and globular or
berry-shaped antennal clubs, and the proboscis is short, much reduced or even
vestigial.

To a lesser extent it is also related to the two genera Rhopalia Macq. and
Halterorchis Bezz. which have a similar wing-pattern, shortish proboscis, and to a
certain extent shortish antennae.

This new genus agrees with and differs from Haplomydas and especially
Eremohaplomydas in the following respects:

Body on the whole considerably shorter, smaller, the abdomen rather
slender, more sexually dichroic, differently coloured in the two sexes, the 2
being paler or with paler markings on head, thorax and abdomen.

Head (cf. pl. 1, fig. 4) with the interocular space on vertex markedly broad
as in Eremohaplomydas, much broader than in Haplomydas, also as in the case of
former not sunk in centrally; interocular space on head below also relatively
broad and, though slightly or much narrower than on vertex, still much
broader than in other genera; eyes correspondingly smallish and narrowish,
much narrower (frontal view) relative to facial width than in Eremohaplomydas,
slightly narrower in 9° than in 3; oblique frontal depressions, especially in 9,
much shallower than in Haplomydas and other genera; clypeus as in Eremohaplo-
mydas, though more globularly convex, especially in 3, and very much narrower
than facial width; proboscis small, very short, though less vestigial than in
Eremohaplomydas, but much shorter than in Haplomydas; palps distinct, more so
in Q, a little shorter than proboscis; antennae with segments 1 and 2 cylindrical,
1 being longer than 2, segment 3 longer than 1 and 2 combined, relatively much
longer than in Eremohaplomydas, more like that of Haplomydas, distinctly thickened
segment-like apically and rest superficially with distinct ring-like annulations,
with the clubs much dilated, globular, subglobular, or berry-shaped, more so

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 47

and relatively larger than in 3, as long as or slightly longer than segment 3
in 3, but in known 8 very slightly shorter, ending apically in a small crater-like
tubercle, rather larger in 9, the entire surface of clubs in gg very densely
covered with fine, erect, conspicuous pubescence, giving them a soft downy
appearance, this pubescence finer, sparser and less evident or conspicuous in 9,
and in both sexes without any visible or conspicuous sensory area; a few post-
vertical spines present, more evident in 9.

Thorax much narrower than head, relatively shortish, not very convex, its
integument above discally finely vermicellately rugulose along a broad, central
and two submedial streaks; pleurae not very deep or broad.

Wings rather narrowish, with venation similar to the other two genera, but
first posterior cell distinctly less broadly opening on front margin, the cell much
more parallel-sided; second submarginal cell, as in the other two genera, with-
out an appendix, its shape more like that of Haplomydas; first basal cell markedly
narrow as in Eremohaplomydas; anal cell markedly narrow as in latter, but
narrower than second basal cell, its apical stalk reaching hind margin; third
posterior cell less roundly dilated apically; alula slightly more developed than
in latter genus, but considerably smaller than in Haplomydas.

Abdomen with the bullae small or minute, tending to be situated more
obliquely; abdomen in @ attenuated posteriorly, tergite 8 longitudinally
depressed dorsally; oviscape of 2 with only a few spines, about 5 on a side.

Hypopygium of 33 as shown in pl. 1 fig. 5, resembling that of Eremohaplomy-
das, but the dorso-ventrally flattened process on each side of the scoop-like
sternite 9 strongly developed, very much longer, elongate, strap-like or lobe-
like, rounded apically, curving up hook-like on each side up to level of dorsum,
their basal part ending in a laterally-compressed or flattened basal lobe posterior
to base of aedeagus; latter very much narrower than in Eremohaplomydas, more
tubular, ending in two gonopores in its apex; pointed apices of lateral lobes of
tergite g without distinct denticles or a pad of denticles.

Legs with the front and middle ones relatively short; hind ones markedly
elongate, their femora distinctly thickened, but distinctly more clavately so
than in either of the other two genera, the base being more slender and longer
so, armed below with a double row of spines from just before middle as well as
with 2 or 3 spines near apex on outer side; hind tibiae markedly short, relatively
much shorter than in the other two genera, somewhat compressed, slightly
curved, distinctly carinate below, produced apically below into a spine-like
process.

Vestiture much denser and longer than in Evemohaplomydas, with the hairs
in 33 very dense and long on head, slightly shorter but also longish on sides
of thorax and along two submedial streaks above, entirely wanting on metano-
tum, longish also on metapleural part in front of halteres, dense and long on
tergites 1 and 2, and fairly dense and longish on legs; hairs in known 2 much
shorter, less dense, and less dense than on corresponding sites in 33; fine, pale or
whitish tomentum densely present on head, rendering almost entire head dull,

48 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

also extensively present on pleurae, especially in 9, and in @ also along less
sculptured streaks on thorax above, present also on metanotum; much dull and
blackish tomentum present on abdomen above in gg.

From Rhopalia Macq. it appears to differ, according to descriptions of
latter, by the more reduced proboscis, the more clavately-thickened hind
femora, and the apically-spined hind tibiae.

From Halterorchis Bezz. it may at once be distinguished by the more
clavately-thickened and distinctly spined hind femora, compressed and apically-
spined hind tibiae, much narrower first basal and anal cells, and much finer,
less granular vestiture.

The type-species of this genus is Lachnocorynus chobeensis n.sp. The two known
species of this new genus may be separated as follows:

(a) Legs relatively more slender, the tibiae in both sexes darker, not paler than femora; hind
margins of tergites 2-6 in g and 2-4 in 9 whitish; thorax above more finely rugulose; hairs in
6 slightly shorter on body and legs, duller or darker, more greyish on hinder part of vertex,
on clypeus, head below, thorax above and base of abdomen (those on head, thorax and
base of abdomen in @ entirely whitish) ; wings much shorter, the first basal and anal cells
distinctly narrower in both sexes; antennae shorter, segment 3 in 3 more slender, slightly
shorter, and globular club smaller, with slightly shorter pubescence; lateral lobes of tergite 9
in g shorter, blunter apically; process of sternite 9 in g relatively broader, shorter; (2? with
greater part of head, except dark central frontal part, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax,
two submedial discal streaks on thorax, metanotum, greater part of pleurae, streak on sides
of tergites 2-5 or 6 and under-surfaces of femora pale yellowish brownish, the abdomen
above more dark brownish, the antennal clubs smaller, more berry-shaped, yellowish, with
finer and sparser pubescence) ae an a t sie 3 & chobeensis n.sp.

(6) Legs in ¢ relatively slightly stouter, the outer faces of front and middle tibiae paler, more
yellowish; hind margins of all the tergites whitish; thorax above slightly more coarsely
rugulose; hairs slightly longer, especially on legs, those on vertex, clypeus, head below,
thorax above, and base of abdomen distinctly whiter, more snow whitish; wings much
longer, the first basal and anal cells distinctly broader; antennae distinctly longer, segment 3
relatively stouter, slightly longer, and spherical club larger, with slightly longer pubescence;
lobes of tergite 9 slightly longer, distinctly more sharply pointed apically ; process of sternite 9
relatively narrower, more slender, longer; (2 unknown) a 58 3 kochi n.sp.

Lachnocorynus chobeensts n.sp.

This type-species is characterized as follows:

Body in 3 mainly dark or blackish; clypeus (especially in a streak on sides
of latter), pleurae and abdomen more dark piceous brownish, the spots under
anterior and posterior thoracic spiracles more shining black; venter more
yellowish brownish up to end of sternite 6; hind margins of tergites 2-5 and
discally on 6 whitish; legs dark piceous brownish, the tarsi paler, more yellowish
brownish and knees yellowish.

Body in 2 mainly pale yellowish brownish or pale yellowish reddish; vertex,
segment 3 of antennae and greater part of abdomen above more brownish or
reddish brownish; central part of frons, three broadish streaks (middle one
broadest) on thorax above, cavities on sides of scutellum, spots below anterior
and posterior thoracic spiracles blackish; antennal clubs yellowish; clypeus,
humeral tubercles, pale streaks on thorax above, and extreme base on sides of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 49

tergite 1 more pale yellowish reddish; a streak on sides of abdomen from base of
tergites 2-5 or 6 more yellowish; hind margins of tergites 1-4 whitish; venter
pale yellowish brownish up to end of sternite 4, then more reddish brownish;
legs pale yellowish brownish, the femora, especially hind ones, more brownish
above, and tarsi more yellowish, the knees pale yellowish as in dg.

Integument of head, except for black shining central frontal part, mainly dull
in both sexes, due to greyish whitish or whitish tomentum; integument of thorax
above vermicellately rugulose, mainly along three broadish streaks (middle one
broadest); rest of thorax above, scutellum, metanotum, pleurae mainly dull,
due to greyish tomentum; abdomen of ¢ shining only on sides of tergites 1-3,
the rest dull blackish above; in 2 more, though feebly, shining above, with very
fine, areolar microsculpture, the last two segments transversely finely striate,
and with some scattered punctures on tergites 3-5 above, the extreme sides of
2-5 in Q also with rows of dense punctures, only evident on sides of 6 in 3;
extreme sides of venter in 9 also with fine puncturation as well as some larger,
scattered punctures; hind femora in both sexes more shining than rest.

Vestiture long and dense in g and very dense on head, shorter in 9; hairs
on head in g mainly blackish brown, those on hinder part of vertex, clypeus and
head below however greyish whitish and those on thorax, pleurae, tergites 1 and
2 and on legs also greyish; sparse, minute, decumbent ones on abdomen in
3S greyish yellowish, slightly longer and denser on last two segments and
hypopygium; hairs on entire head, thorax and tergite 1 in 2 whitish, those on
last two abdominal segments and on legs very faintly tinted yellowish or greyish
yellowish; venter in both sexes almost bare, except apically.

Head (cf. pl. 1 fig. 4) with the antennae in ¢ slightly longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum), in 9 a little shorter, segment 1 cylindrical, only a little
longer than 2 in J, in 2 quite 12 times length of 2; segment 3 with a ring-like
pedestal, stoutish, slightly longer in 3 than in 9, in ¢ a little shorter (below)
or about as long (above) as club, in @ a little longer than club, in both with
ring-like annulations, its apical part broadened segment-like; club in ¢ almost
spherical, slightly longer than broad, its broadest part about as broad as clypeus,
very densely and finely covered with rather conspicuous, greyish, erect pubes-
cence; club in 9 more berry-shaped, quite a third longer than broad, with finer,
less dense pubescence, ending apically in a crater-like tubercle, slightly smaller
in g, and without a conspicuous sensory area; proboscis rudimentary, in both
sexes about subequal in length to antennal segment 1.

Wings hyaline in 4, very faintly tinted greyish yellowish in 9, especially in
anterior half; veins yellowish brownish; halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora about equally clavately thickened in both sexes,
their slender base somewhat annulated, armed below with a double row of
slender, brownish spines from just before middle and also with a few minute
ones apically on outer side; hind tibiae curved, markedly shortened, their
length to that of femora being 7:12 (3) and 8:13 (9); basal segment of hind
tarsi shorter than claw-segment.

50 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Genital segments in 2 with the last tergite emarginate apically on each side,
the middle part smooth and shining, pointed apically; last sternite arcuately
rounded apically; oviscape medially carinate, the carina more elevated and
prominent basally, with only about 5 spines on a side.

Aypopygium of 3 as shown in pl. 1 fig. 5, with the apically slightly broadened
process on each side of sternite 9 pale yellowish or pallid.

From | ¢ holotype and 1 9 allotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 9 mm
Length of wing: about 6-4-6-84 mm

Distribution: Northern Botswana (Bechuanaland): Kabulabula, Chobe
River (Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, 11th—-24th July 1930) (¢ holotype
and 9 allotype).

Lachnocorynus kochi n.sp.

A unique slightly damaged ¢ specimen in the Transvaal Museum obtained
in Ovamboland by Dr. C. Koch of the same institution, after whom the species
is named, appears to be very near chobeensis. Unfortunately the hind legs of the
specimen are missing. It differs from the ¢ of the latter species, apart from being
slightly larger, in the following respects:

Body stouter, the thorax more robust and abdomen also stouter, less cylin-
drical, similarly coloured, if not slightly blacker; clypeus more dark reddish
brownish; front and middle legs relatively stouter, their tibiae however distinctly
paler, yellowish on anterior and inner faces, the tarsi also more yellowish; hind
margins of tergites 1-7 and even that of 8 (obscurely) all distinctly and con-
spicuously whitish, not only 2—6 as in chobeensis; hind margins of sternites 2-5
more conspicuously whitish or pallid.

Integument with similar tomentum, but thorax above distinctly more coarsely
vermicellately rugulose.

Vestiture slightly longer and denser, mainly very dark blackish brownish
on head, but paler hairs on vertex, clypeus, head below and on thorax above
even whiter, more snow whitish; those on legs distinctly longer, denser, appear-
ing whiter like the hairs on pleurae and base of abdomen; fine, short, decumbent
ones on abdomen above more greyish whitish or less yellowish, slightly denser,
but relatively shorter on abdomen posteriorly.

Head much broader, the interocular space on head below proportionally
much broader; antennae relatively longer though also longer than thorax,
segment 3 however longer and stouter, about as long as club; the latter also
berry-shaped or subglobular, but larger, its outer basal rim distinctly projecting
over apex of segment 3, its entire surface with a dense coat of slightly longer,
fine, erect, greyish pubescence.

Wings, relative to body, much longer, relatively broader, also entirely
hyaline; first basal and anal cells distinctly much broader; knobs of halteres
darker.

Hypopygium with the lateral lobes of tergite 9 relatively longer, their apices
distinctly more produced and pointed; lateral processes of sternite 9 longer,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA iyi

more slender, their apical parts, relative to slender part, slightly more
broadened; aedeagus concealed in unique specimen and cannot be studied
without damaging the specimen.
Length of body: about 10 mm
Length of wing: about 8-2 mm
Distribution: South West Africa: Oshikango in Ovamboland (Koch, July

1948).

Genus AFROLEPTOMYDAS Beq.

Afroleptomydas Bequaert, 1961a: 12. Bequaert, 19615: 14. Bequaert, 1963: 14.

Midas Wiedemann (in part), 1828, 1: 242, 243. Wiedemann (in part), 1829: 15, 49, pl. 54,
figs 15, 16 and 17.

Mydas Wiedemann (nec Fabricius), 1819, 3: 19. Wiedemann, 1821, 1: 117 and 118.

Cephalocera Westwood (in part), 1841, 1: 55. Walker (in part), 1854: 374 and 375. Gerstaecker (in
part), 1868: 78 and 79.

Leptomydas Gerstaecker (in part), 1868: 81. Bezzi, 19246: 201. Stuckenberg, 1955: 243. Bequaert,

1959: 367.

This genus was erected by Bequaert in 1961 to accommodate all those
South African species which Bezzi in 1924 transferred from other mydaid
genera, Mydas and Cephalocera, and assembled under Gerstaecker’s genus
Leptomydas. It was found that all these species differed from the Palaearctic
type-species Leptomydas lusitanicus, and the other Palaearctic forms described
under Leptomydas, in certain distinct generic characters, of which the most
important is the presence of two phallic tubes in the aedeagal apparatus of the
3d instead of a single one only. This generic difference in itself is rightly con-
sidered by Bequaert to be of sufficient taxonomic importance to warrant the
transference of this newly erected genus Afrolepiomydas and the old Palaearctic
genus Leptomydas to even separate subfamilies, the Syllegomydainae and
Mydainae respectively.

This genus is typically South African and is remarkably rich in species and,
unlike other mydaid genera in southern Africa, is not restricted to certain or
definite geographical regions, but occurs all over southern Africa, though there
is a tendency for certain groups of species, having certain group or sectional
characters in common, to be more or less distributed in definite regions.

The generic definition given by Bezzi for his Leptomydas is on the whole
reliably diagnostic, but the acquisition of a large number of new species, not
known to Bezzi, necessitates a new assessment of its more important distinguish-
ing generic characters. The following combination of characters distinguishes
it from other South African genera:

Body usually elongate; the abdomen, especially in $3, long and cylindrical,
not pedunculate.

Integument of the middle part of frons, clypeus and head below usually
shining; that of rest of body, thorax above, pleurae, metanotum and abdomen
above sometimes also shining; that of thorax above often dull, either leathery,
or with fine acicular setiferous puncturation, or with setiferous granules, or

52 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with fine areolar microsculpture, never coarsely rugulose, often with streaks of
greyish whitish tomentum; metanotum either shining, or dull, never coarsely
sculptured; pleurae either mainly shining, or with the anterior and upper part
shining, or entirely dulled by greyish or greyish whitish tomentum; abdomen
above either shining, smooth, or with fine setiferous puncturation, or with fine,
transverse, rugulose sculpture, or with ‘nadelrissig’ acicular puncturation, or
dulled to a variable extent by greyish whitish tomentum, replaced discally or
discally basally on tergites by dark or black tomentum, sometimes, especially
in 99, with transverse striation, and in 99 invariably with rather coarse, trans-
verse striae or wrinkles on last few segments; integument of legs, especially
femora, either shining, or dull, or sometimes slightly transversely annulated;
integument of entire body in a few species with slight bluish or violaceous
reflections.

Vestiture on the whole well developed, with the hairs on head, sides of
thorax, pleurae, metanotum, base of abdomen, and sometimes on legs, fairly
dense and long, sometimes almost villose; hairs on thorax above often in
longitudinal streaks, separated by barish or bare streaks; hairs on metanotum
invariably present, distinct, or even longish, and pteropleuron and hind margin
or hinder part of mesopleuron always with some hairs; tomentum usually
greyish whitish, invariably present on non-shining parts of head, often in
five streaks on thorax above, on metanotum, either entirely on pleurae or to a
variabie extent on the non-shining parts, and often densely on abdomen above,
especially in gg, where the pale tomentum is replaced discally or basally on
the tergites by dark or blackish tomentum, giving the abdomen a characteristic
pattern, resembling that on the tail of a cat or lemur.

Head with postvertical spines usually present, more evident in 99; inter-
ocular space on vertex usually distinctly broader or much broader than inter-
ocular space just behind or across hind margin of buccal cavity on head below,
the inner margins of eyes usually more convergent below level of antennae
than above; vertex not very deeply sunk in in middle; antennae variable in
length, sometimes stoutish, with segment 3 usually longer than club, the latter
variable in shape, either inflated, pyriform, subpyriform or elongate-pyriform,
its apical sensory area usually large, conically narrowed to terminal tubercular
prominence, not truncate or appearing sunk in; proboscis not rudimentary,
vestigial or absent, either moderately long, or sometimes rather shortish and
shorter than vertical length of eyes, never very long and slender and, if longish,
the labella is ovate and broadish.

Wings usually well developed, either hyaline or infuscated to a variable
degree, especially in 99, chiefly characterized by the venation of which the
outer or posterior vein of the first posterior cell joins the costal margin directly,
or is continuous with the latter margin some distinct distance away from the
apex of the costal cell, the apex of the first posterior cell thus consistently ending
free, or opening to a variable extent (usually broadly) directly on costal margin
just beyond apex of the costal cell, there being no indication of even a short

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 53

stalk between it and costal margin as in some other genera; second submarginal
cell invariably with an appendix of variable length; alula usually distinct or
well developed; hind border of wing usually broadish and without a posterior
cross-vein.

Legs with the hind femora either only slightly or much thickened in both
sexes, usually less so in 99 and, if very much thickened and incrassate, they are
usually more clavately so, armed below with only two rows of spines; hind tibiae
usually cylindrical, non-carinate, or only very feebly carinate in basal half
below, without any apical prominence or spine below; inner claw of hind tarsi
tending to be very slightly smaller than outer one in some species.

Genital segments in 29 truncately and obliquely under tergite 8, composed of
an upper, centrally-carinate, perpendicular sclerite, and a transversely-situated,
elongate, sub-spindle-shaped, oviscape-sclerite on each side below it, bearing a
row or half circlet of stoutish, broadish, flattened spines; opening below last
perpendicular tergite broad, triangular, and containing large lobes.

Aypopygium of 33 (cf. text-figs 1, 5) markedly uniform throughout; lobes of
tergite g usually produced posteriorly to some extent, their posterior angles
either somewhat bluntly rounded, or sharply angularly pointed, or even pro-
longed to a variable extent; sternite 9 more or less tumidly conical or inflated, or
laterally compressed in apical part, often transversely wrinkled or grooved
basally below and often longitudinally so towards apex on sides, their processes
rather long, in side view usually S-curved to a variable extent, usually narrowed
apically, the apical part usually more slender, directed upwards to a variable
extent, apically either sharp or bluntly pointed, in dorsal view usually hollowed
out or grooved longitudinally along inner side, and in ventral view hollowed
out and with hairs of variable density hanging down; aedeagal apparatus very
characteristic, consistently and uniformly three-pronged, composed of a slightly
longer, dorsal, medial, shoe-horn-shaped process (epimere) and a ventral, more
slender, phallic tube on each side.

At present this genus contains 76 known species from southern Africa
which may be assigned to two more or less well-marked-off groups and at least
one distinct subgenus.

The type-species of this genus, designated by Bequaert, is Leptomydas
paganus Gerst.

The known South African species may be separated by the following
descriptive key:

1. (a) Hairs on head not arranged in distinct tiers or awning-like fringes, separated by bare and
shining, transverse spaces; individual hairs usually not stiffish or stoutish, not markedly
ctenate, and those along streaks on thorax usually not markedly decumbent; vertex,
even in $3, not markedly depressed in middle; hind margins of tergites from 2 not, or
rarely, all whitish or yellowish, the hinder ones more often dark, at least discally; spines
on hind femora below not consistently pallid or very pale; hind tibiae with the spicules
below not situated on distinct granules and usually with some longish hairs along inner
or lower sides; first posterior cell in wings usually widely, or more broadly, open on
costal margin .. a 4 a ae ue oe A ae aa pw

54
(6)
2. (a)
(0)
3. (a)
(b)
4. (a)
(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Hairs on head in front arranged characteristically in tiers or awning-like fringes, sepa-
rated by bare and shining transverse spaces as follows: hairs or tufts on vertex, then a
smooth space across ocellus, followed by an awning-like, downwardly-directed fringe
or tuft on each side just above antennae, then another smooth space below antennae
and across basal part or half of clypeus, followed once more by an awning-like, down-
wardly-directed fringe across middle or near apical part of clypeus, leaving the genal
depressions hairless; individual hairs rather stiffish, stoutish, more markedly ctenate,
and those along streaks on thorax above usually markedly decumbent; vertex, especially
in $6, usually markedly depressed in middle; hind margins of all the tergites from 2
usually fairly broadly and conspicuously whitish or yellowish; spines on hind femora below
usually consistently very pale or pallid; hind tibiae with the spicules along outer and
inner aspect situated on more distinct granules and without any longish hairs; first
posterior cell tending to open more narrowly, sometimes subtending angularly, or even
sessile, on costal margin 2 97 (335) 108 (22) (Crossoprosopus n.subgen.)

Thorax above without distinct and conspicuous, delimited, longitudinal, bare streaks
between the hairs, the latter usually longer and denser, appearing more extensive;
abdomen above, even in $d, shining or more extensively shining or subshining, rarely
with dark or dull discal patches of tomentum on some of the tergites basally, usually
without rings of dull, dark, or greyish whitish, tomentum; pleurae more extensively
shining, without any, or with less extensive, greyish whitish tomentum; hind femora
more consistently distinctly thickened, or even sometimes markedly incrassate

3 ($d) 26 (22) (westermanni group)
Thorax above with distinct and conspicuous, delimited, longitudinal, bare streaks
between the hairs, the latter usually shorter, less dense, more definitely in streaks and
usually with a narrow, central, line-like streak of hairs; integument of abdomen above
in gg, and sometimes in 99 also, either not or not much shining, usually with discal
patches or rings of either dull, dark or black, or greyish whitish tomentum, or even
mainly or entirely dull; pleurae less extensively shining, with more extensive, or even
entirely covered with, greyish whitish tomentum to a variable extent; hind femora
usually less thickened, or not, or scarcely, thickened 39 ($3) 69 (29) (humeralis group)

Tergites with pale hind margins of which the discal part is darker, either reddish
brownish or dark, and the sides whitish, yellowish whitish, or yellowish; abdomen tend-
ing to be stoutish or, relative to rest of body, shortish, thick, more conspicuously tapering
posteriorly; hind femora more conspicuously thickened, more markedly incrassate, or
more spindle or subspindle-shaped; species usually more plump .. 58 4

Tergites with the pale hind margins entirely whitish, yellowish whitish, or jalan both
discally and laterally, ring-like; abdomen usually narrower, more slender, cylindrical,
relatively longer, more gradually tapering posteriorly; hind femora less incrassate, more
clavately thickened, usually relatively longer; species more slender andelongate .. 7

More asilid-like forms; body, especially abdomen, more tapering posteriorly ; integument
of thorax above with finer setiferous granulation, and that of abdomen posteriorly
with sparser, or much sparser, aciculate puncturation; proboscis longer, usually more
than 3 mm long, the labella relatively smaller, more bluntly pointed or rounded api-
cally, less conspicuously spinulate; hairs on head, the yellowish or yellowish brownish
ones on thorax above and base of abdomen, though long and dense, relatively less
villose, slightly shorter, and those on abdomen above, from tergite 3 to apex, paler, more
yellowish or sericeous yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-7 on sides whitish or yellow-
ish, though 6 and 7 sometimes obscure; lobes of tergite g more acute, more produced
apically; apex or apical part of processes of sternite 9 less curved eke 7 or
pale-haired below ie a ; he as ‘ 7 5
More bee-like forms; body, especially audeiiens stouter, fuses pinevedte fess even
to apex; a omene of oes above with coarser, setiferous granulation, and that of
abdomen posteriorly, as on rest of abdomen, with denser aciculate puncturation;
proboscis on the whole shorter, usually not longer than 3 mm, its labella relatively
larger, broader, more sharply pointed, more conspicuously spinulate; hairs on head and
yellowish ones on thorax and base of abdomen relatively denser, longer, more villose,
and those on rest of abdomen above from tergite 3 to apex and also below much darker or

wa

5. (a

(0)

6. (a)

(0)

7- (4)

(5)

8. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 55

blackish; hind margins of only tergites 2—3 (or 5) whitish on sides; lobes of tergite g
shorter, broader, usually blunter and less produced; apical part of processes of sternite 9
more curved upwards, dark-haired below... ee we bie oe Beh) <6

Slightly larger, about 13-5-18 mm; humeral tubercles, hinder part of metapleurae,
metasternal part, sides basally or sides of tergite 1, and to a variable extent sides and
posterior lateral corners of rest of tergites paler or more extensively yellowish; venter
and genitalia paler yellowish or yellowish brownish; legs, including hind femora, paler
or more extensively yellowish or yellowish reddish; integument of abdomen above with
denser, finer, setiferous, aciculate puncturation; longish hairs on vertex or frons, thorax,
pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, the shorter ones on abdomen, longer ones on venter and those
on legs mainly yellowish, reddish yellowish to orange yellowish; wings tinted more
yellowish brownish, the veins in anterior half more yellowish or paler yellowish reddish;
lobes of tergite 9 less sharply pointed or produced; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
more gradually narrowed, in dorsal view broader, more bluntly rounded apically;
epimere of aedeagal apparatus shorter relative to phallic tubes 6 rufithorax (Wied.)

Slightly smaller, darker, about 11-5-13:5 mm; humeral tubercles, metapleural and
metasternal parts and sides basally of tergite 1 darker, dark reddish brownish to almost
black, and sides of rest of abdomen dark blackish brown or black; venter and genitalia
darker yellowish brownish or dark brownish; legs darker, upper face of femora and hind
ones extensively, hinder part and latero-apical part of hind tibiae and claw-segment of
tarsi much darkened, brownish to blackish brown; integument of abdomen shining,
with much sparser, setiferous, aciculate puncturation; hairs on vertex or frons, thorax
above, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, coxae and femora more yellowish brownish, greyish
brownish to dark brownish, even appearing more blackish on sides at base of abdomen,
the sparser ones on rest of abdomen more sericeous; wings tinted much darker, more
smoky brownish to blackish brownish, the veins darker; lobes of tergite g distinctly
more angularly pointed and produced apically; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
more rapidly narrowed, in dorsal view narrower, more pointed apically; epimere
longer relative to phallic tubes .. a 4G ie ae ah 6 boothi n.sp.

Abdomen yellowish or yellowish brownish on sides and on venter; hind margins of
tergites 2-5 whitish on sides; bullae orange or yellowish reddish; pleurae more pale
castaneous brownish; legs with the coxae more castaneous, the femora less extensively
darkened above; thorax above with finer setiferous granules; hairs on vertex, thorax
above, pleurae and base of abdomen yellowish; dark hairs on rest of abdomen and venter
distinctly much longer; hairs on legs very much longer and denser, mainly yellowish,
those on hind femora long and villose; wings more faintly, relatively slightly, tinted
yellowish in middle parts; antennae shorter than thorax, segment 3 proportionally
shorter; hypopygium pale yellowish brownish; sternite 9 longer, its processes distinctly
longer, relatively broader he a Me 3 westermanni (Wied.)

Abdomen entirely dark or black site He venter also darker; hind margins of only
tergites 2-3 whitish on sides; bullae black; pleurae more ieeeans legs with the coxae
very dark or black, the femora more extensively darkened Derae thorax above with
coarser setiferous granules; hairs on head above, frons, thorax, pleurae and base of
abdomen deeper, more orange, yellowish; dark hairs on rest of abdomen and venter
distinctly very much shorter; hairs on legs very much shorter, mainly dark, without any
long, villose ones on hind femora, and those on coxae dark; wings distinctly tinted
darker, more smoky brownish, more extensively so, even on alula, axillary lobe and hind
border; antennae longer than thorax, segment 3 proportionally longer; hypopygium
entirely dark; sternite 9 much shorter, its processes comparatively shorter, narrower,
with shorter, piender apical part re AG a .. 6 apiformis n.sp.
Thorax above, and sometimes also vertex or even fous with either greyish yellowish, or
buff-coloured, or yellowish, yellowish fulvous, or orange fulvous wee its integument in
most species dull, only occasionally shining .. aie : ae Le CO
Thorax above, like rest of body above, with entirely ae or snow whitish hairs, its
integument above in most species shining, only occasionally dull .. 36 Bee 740)
Vestiture on head and body, including metanotum, pleurae, coxae and femora pre-
dominantly very deep yellowish, fulvous yellowish, fulvous orange or fulvous reddish, and

Q.

10.

(5)

(0)

(2)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

whitish hairs, if present, more or less confined to face, head below, head behind, base of
abdomen, base of venter and sometimes to a variable extent on posterior metapleural
and metasternal parts; antennal clubs entirely or mainly orange or orange reddish;
hind margins of tergites broadly and conspicuously ochreous to orange yellowish or
at least with some orange yellowish, usually much broadened on sides; legs usually well
developed, stoutish and long, especially hind ones, entirely or mainly reddish yellowish
or pale reddish, the hind femora being not, or less estensively, darkened above .. 9

Vestiture on head above, thorax above, and sometimes on abdomen above, usually much
paler buff-coloured, paler yellowish or more greyish yellowish and, if deeper yellowish
or fulvous on head, thorax and even abdomen, that on face, head below and behind,
metanotum, greater part or entire pleurae, entire or greater part of venter (at least
basal half), entire or greater part of coxae, entire or greater part of femora (or at least
basal half of hind ones) whitish and contrasting with yellowish ones on thorax above;
clubs mainly or entirely dark or at least with much dark and less orange reddish; hind
margins of tergites usually more narrowly yellowish whitish to whitish; legs usually less
stoutish, comparatively shorter, paler yellowish or yellowish brownish or with the
femora, at least hind ones, more extensively darkened above toa variableextent .. 10

Slightly larger species, about 22-29 mm; abdomen above duller from tergite 3; sides of
clypeus, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax broadly, extreme sides of metanotum, ptero-
pleuron, metapleurae and metasternum reddish or yellowish reddish; sides of hinder
parts of tergites less extensively yellowish, sometimes only the hind margins so; proboscis
comparatively stouter, shorter, only about 3:08-3:92 mm; hairs slightly less dense,
long ones on tergite 1 and sides of 2 and to a certain extent 3 snow whitish, and short
ones on rest of abdomen much sparser; hairs on legs, especially hind femora, distinctly
less dense, shorter, with fewer longish ones; hind femora not darkened, but front ones
more darkened above; wings more faintly tinged yellowish brownish, more evident in
middle parts; processes of sternite 9, in side view, more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed,
more curved upwards apically and blunter .. ie ay: .. domeri (Stuck.)

Slightly smaller form, about 19-21 mm; entire abdomen shining; clypeus dark, humeral
tubercles yellowish, sides of thorax black, metanotum entirely black, pteropleuron more
obscurely, or not, reddish; sides of hinder parts, or hinder half, of tergites, apart from
hind margins, more broadly and more consistently yellowish; proboscis more slender,
longer, about 3:52-4:28 mm; hairs distinctly denser, long ones on tergite 1, sides of 2
and 3 fulvous reddish like rest of hairs on abdomen, and shorter ones on abdomen dis-
tinctly very much shorter; hairs on legs, especially on hind femora, distinctly much
denser, with numerous and denser longish ones; hind femora darkened to a variable
extent along inner face, and front ones not or scarcely darkened above; wings more
darkly, conspicuously, more uniformly and extensively tinted yellowish brownish;
processes of sternite 9, in side view, less S-curved, more gradually narrowed apically,
less curved up and more sharply pointed apically .. ae .. 6 rufihirtus n.sp.

Hind tibiae distinctly more villose-haired, with distinctly very much denser and longer
hairs along inner and lower faces, appearing more bottle-brush-like; basal segment of
hind tarsi also with some longish hairs below; processes of sternite 9, in side view, not or
scarcely S-curved, their apical part not, or only very slightly, curved upwards and from a
posterior view not, or scarcely, twisted propeller-blade-like . . ae oe sigs SnTyT

Hind tibiae not villose-haired, with distinctly less dense, sparser, relatively fewer, long
hairs, mainly along inner face, not appearing bottle-brush-like and, if very dense and
long on inner side, not so below; basal segment of hind tarsi with only short dense hairs
below; processes of sternite g, in side view, distinctly more S-curved, their apical part
more conspicuously curved upwards and from a posterior view distinctly and markedly
twisted propeller-blade-like .. ss ‘ Be wie an 3.6 Pas

Integument of thorax above shining through the hairs; bullae orange yellowish or
orange brownish, farther apart discally; legs shorter, either paler, more pale yellowish
brownish, or hind femora more extensively yellowish below, with more numerous,
stouter and shorter spines below on more distinct granules, and hind tibiae with shorter
spicules and spurs; interocular space on vertex narrower, about, or scarcely more than,
distance across front plus one eye at level of antennae; labella of proboscis more bluntly

(5)

12. (a)

(0)

13. (a)

(5)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 57

pointed apically; hairs on pleurae and sides of tergites 1 and 2 distinctly more whitish
than buff-coloured ones on thorax above; hairs on rest of abdomen above shorter, much
denser; wings relatively shorter, more subspindle-shaped, more sharply pointed apically,
either tinted faintly yellowish or smoky brownish in middle parts; processes of sternite 9,
in side view, very slightly ais en more co broadened above towards
base Be a5) he

Integument of oe sieve dull; nile dt blackish RS HrASH, tase and. closer
together; legs longer, more slender, mainly blackish brown, the hind femora scarcely
paler below, with only a few longish, more slender spines below (more widely spaced or
absent in middle), and hind tibiae with longer, more slender, almost bristle-like, spicules
and spurs; interocular space markedly broad, considerably more than half distance
across front plus one eye; labella sharply pointed; hairs on pleurae, sides of tergites 1
and 2, and even legs, more or less similarly greyish yellowish or buff-coloured as those
on thorax; hairs on rest of abdomen above slightly longer, distinctly sparser; wings
longer, less pointed apically, more extensively tinted yellowish brownish; processes of
sternite 9, in side view, straighter, less rapidly broadened above towards base
6 zinni n.sp.
Legs paler, more yellowish brownish, the tibiae also paler; abdomen above more dark
reddish brownish or purplish brownish; venter paler, pale yellowish; wings more faintly
tinted yellowish in middle parts, the veins paler; hairs on hind legs entirely yellowish
3 lanipes (Bezz.) (typical)
Legs darker, the hind femora above more extensively so, and all the tibiae darker;
abdomen above darker, more purplish dark brownish to almost blackish; venter dark,
not much paler than abdomen above; wings more darkly tinted smoky brownish in
middle parts, the veins darker; hairs along lower part of hind tibiae, and to a certain
extent on apical half of hind femora, darker, more brownish or blackish brownish
3 lanipes (Bezz.) (colour var. of)

Antennal club distinctly shorter, in side view appearing more subspindle-shaped pyri-
form, more rapidly narrowed from broadest part to base, its sensory area proportionally
much longer, occupying almost apical half below, and neck-like basal constriction much
shorter; clypeus less prominent, in side view less prominently projecting; proboscis on
the whole relatively shorter, usually shorter than 3-8 mm; wings more hyaline or
clearer, or with only a slightly yellowish subopacity; phallic Ripe more sharply pointed
apically, the apical gonopore minute, scarcely perceptible .. a Pie RA!

Antennal club distinctly longer, in side view more elongate-pyriform, ceca more
gradually narrowed towards base, its sensory area proportionally smaller and narrower,
occupying distinctly much less than apical half below, and the neck-like basal constric-
tion distinctly longer, more evident; clypeus in side view more prominently projecting;
proboscis relatively longer, about 3:5-4:2 mm; wings more distinctly tinted, even if
only faintly yellowish, yellowish brownish to brownish; phallic tubes blunter, the apical,
funnel-like gonopore usually more evident .. sc ve ae ae LG,

Humeral tubercles, metapleural and metasternal parts, extensive sides of tergites 1 and 2,
sides of rest of tergites to a variable extent, hind coxae, and sometimes to a variable
extent the others, yellowish, yellowish ochreous or pale yellowish brownish; bullae
orange yellowish or in part orange reddish (if dark, sides of abdomen more extensively
yellowish) ; venter either entirely, or more extensively, yellowish; femora either entirely,
or more extensively, yellowish, the hind ones less extensively darkened above; wings
more often with a very faint, but distinct, yellowish or milky whitish subopacity and the
veins much paler aie at as ee om Be : a EB

Humeral tubercles, metapleural and metasternal parts, entire tes of abdomen (or
sometimes excepting only sides of tergites 1 and 2 or sides of others to a variable extent),
entire or greater part of hind coxae entirely dark or black; bullae very dark or black;
venter entirely dark or with less extensive yellowish, not entirely or very extensively
yellowish; femora, even front and middle ones, more extensively darkened above, the
hind ones usually more extensively darkened, or sometimes almost entirely dark; wings
more clear hyaline, without a distinct subopacity, and the veins, especially in hinder
half, darker on se Le sed His Bh ae Au ee S| id

58

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

15. (a) Hairs on head, body and legs distinctly denser and much longer, sometimes more woolly

wa

16. (a)

17. (a

wa

)

—

or villose, those on femora long and dense, sometimes villose, those on thorax above paler
yellowish or more greyish or buff yellowish, and underlying integument duller; hairs on
metapleural part in front of halteres and on coxae entirely snow whitish; bullae with
more orange or orange brownish; hind femora more extensively darkened above in
apical halves or more, and front and middle ones sometimes also slightly darkened
above; wings with a slight, but distinct, whitish subopacity; sternite g more conically
pointed apically, its processes, in side view, more deeply S-curved, with a relatively
shorter slender apical part .. ‘6 as an ai au a a LO

Hairs on head, body and legs distinctly less dense and shorter, those on femora mainly
short, with only a few longish ones on hind femora, those on thorax above deeper
yellowish, the integument more subshining; hairs on metapleural part in front of halteres
and towards apices of coxae more yellowish or fulvous; bullae entirely dark or black;
femora entirely pale yellowish brownish, only with a dark streak along inner apical
halves of hind ones; wings clearer, without any subopacity; sternite 9 more broadly
subtruncately rounded apically, its processes, in side view, only very slightly S-curved,
becoming more gradually slender and for a longer distance .. .. 6 occidentalis n.sp.

Hairs on head, body and legs distinctly shorter, less dense, not appearing woolly or
villose, the shorter ones on tergites 4—7 distinctly shorter, less dense, those on legs,
including tibiae, not markedly dense, villose and long; front and middle femora some-
times slightly darkened above, and hind ones more extensively so and to a variable
extent also on inner and outer apical parts; bullae entirely orange yellowish to orange
brownish; hind margins of tergites slightly more narrowly whitish or yellowish whitish,
their basal border, even posteriorly less evidently orange yellowish; veins, even in hinder
and apical parts of wings, usually pale, more yellowish; processes of sternite g, in side
view, slightly less obviously S-curved, more gradually narrowed, relatively longer, with
longer slender part, relatively narrower in dorsal view, with shorter and sparser hairs
below; sternite g itself narrower, more conically narrowed and more bluntly rounded
apically .. se sis 3 fasciatus (Wied.) (= nivosus Bezzi, nec Gerstaecker)

Hairs on these parts distinctly much denser, longer, more woolly or villose in appearance,
the shorter ones on tergites 4—7 distinctly denser and relatively longer, those on legs,
including tibiae, markedly long and dense; legs more extensively yellowish, the hind
femora less extensively darkened along inner upper aspect; bullae orange yellowish or
brownish only across hinder half; hind margins of tergites slightly more broadly yellowish
whitish or whitish, more distinctly bordered basally with orange, especially across 5-7;
veins in hinder and apical parts of wings distinctly darker; processes of sternite 9, in
side view, distinctly more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed, the slender part relatively
shorter, broader in dorsal view, and with longer and denser hairs below; sternite 9
itself broader, more rapidly narrowed and pointed apically .. of 6 villosus n.sp.

Sides of abdomen, usually from tergite 2, yellowish to a variable extent especially in
apical half of tergites, or with an intramarginal yellowish streak, especially posteriorly ;
hind margins of tergites 2-7 more broadly yellowish whitish; venter more or less yellow-
ish basally, the apical parts of posterior sternites also yellowish; front and middle femora
only darkened above and hind ones only so on upper and inner sides and on outer upper
apical part or half; interocular space on vertex distinctly very much broader than
length of antennal club; clubs orange yellowish in middle and equally and continuously
narrowed from broadest part to base; proboscis longer, at least, or more than, 3 mm;
integument of thorax above dull; hairs on thorax above, on abdomen above
and especially hind femora longer and denser, those on hind femora being almost
villose; processes of sternite 9, in side view, less S-curved, less curved up apically, in
dorsal view broader and blunter apically .. 8 ae .. 6 anthophilus n.sp.

Entire abdomen dark or black, without any yellowish on sides; hind margins of tergites
2—7 more narrowly pallid or whitish (the greyish whitish tomentum across these rings
more evident); venter mainly dark; femora, even front and middle ones, more exten-
sively darkened, dark castaneous brownish, and hind ones, excepting only the yellowish
base, mainly dark castaneous brownish; interocular space on vertex rather narrowish,
subequal in width to, or scarcely wider than, length of club; clubs entirely dark, at

18. (a)

(0)

19. (a)

20. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 59

first more rapidly narrowed and then only very gradually to base; proboscis shorter,
only about 2-6 mm; integument of thorax above distinctly more shining under the
hairs; hairs on thorax above and abdomen above distinctly shorter, the former paler
more greyish yellowish, and hairs on femora, especially hind ones, distinctly shorter,
less dense and with very much fewer longish ones; processes of sternite g, in side view,
more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed above from base to the more upcurved apical
part, in dorsal view narrower and more sharply pointed apically } nitidusculus n.sp.

Antennae much shorter, segment 3 proportionally much shorter, about 1-72 mm long,
and club less elongate; proboscis shorter, about 3:52 mm; venter paler, entirely or at
least with much yellowish or yellowish brownish; femora more extensively yellowish
brownish or reddish brownish, the front ones only slightly darkened above and hind
ones more extensively yellowish below and on outer lower and basal parts; hind tibiae
more slender, darkened along outer lower apical part; wings relatively narrower, more
darkly tinted yellowish brownish; hairs on body, especially abdomen and hind femora,
slightly less dense and relatively shorter; lobes of tergite 9 more acute apically; processes
of sternite 9, in side view, more S-curved, the apical upcurved part shorter, in dorsal
view distinctly more sharply pointed and narrower apically .. Bs 3 gessi N.sp.

Antennae longer, segment 3 proportionally longer, about 2:2-2°32 mm, and club
distinctly more elongate; proboscis longer, more than 3:5 mm, reaching 4-2 mm; venter
on the whole darker, either mainly dark or with less yellowish, even basally; femora with
the front and middle ones either entirely dark or more broadly darkened above, and
hind ones either mainly dark or with less yellowish below and basally; hind tibiae rather
stoutish, entirely yellowish or pale yellowish reddish like the others; wings rather broad-
ish, less darkly tinted yellowish or greyish yellowish; hairs on body, especially abdomen
and hind femora, slightly longer and denser; lobes of tergite 9 usually blunter apically;
processes of sternite g, in side view, slightly less S-curved, with a slightly longer apical
upcurved part, in dorsal view distinctly blunter and broader apically si Sign ea)

Hairs on vertex and thorax above paler yellowish, more greyish yellowish, buff-coloured
to yellowish, those on pleurae entirely whitish and those on abdomen above from tergite
2 and on apical half of hind femora much paler, either more whitish or only feebly
greyish yellowish, the hairs apparently slightly shorter; integument of pleurae more
shining, with less greyish tomentum; femora, even front and middle ones, more exten-
sively dark and the hind ones almost entirely so (excepting base and knees) ; tibiae very
pale yellowish, with paler yellowish hairs; wings tinted more yellowish, the veins in
anterior part paler yellowish; processes of sternite 9, in side view, proportionally longer,
the apical part more curved upwards, in dorsal view slightly narrower

3 flavitibialis n.sp.
Hairs on vertex, thorax above, posterior mesopleural tuft, tuft above posterior thoracic
spiracle, those discally on tergite 2, on rest of abdomen above, genital segment, to a
variable extent on coxae below, on front and middle femora and on apical half of hind
ones fulvous reddish, contrasting much with the white hairs on rest of pleurae, discal
part of metanotum, tergite 1, sides of 2-4 and venter basally, and all these hairs slightly
longer; bare part of pleurae duller, due to more extensive greyish whitish tomentum;
front and middle femora only darkened along middle above, and hind ones extensively
yellowish reddish below and basally; tibiae more yellowish reddish, with deeper
yellowish, deep golden to fulvous orange hairs; wings slightly more greyish yellowish in
middle parts, the veins in anterior part more yellowish reddish; processes of sternite 9,
in side view, proportionally shorter, the apical part less curved upwards, in dorsal
view slightly broader .. a ne a Me a Ne S rutilus n.sp.

Larger, more elongate species, with longer, more slender, elongate abdomen, the
hypopygium projecting more, with sternite 8 more exposed; interocular space on vertex
relatively narrower, more sunk in at middle; legs longer, with longer, more slender
tibiae, especially hind ones, the femora, especially front and middle ones, distinctly less
extensively darkened above, and hind tibiae more extensively or entirely yellowish;
apex of first posterior cell in wings more broadly open; dense and shortish hairs on
abdomen above entirely whitish or snow whitish; humeral tubercles, metapleural and
metasternal parts, sides or sides basally of tergite 1 and hind coxae, or their apical parts

60

21.

22.

(5)

—
8
A)

(0)

(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

below, sometimes yellowish, orange yellowish, or yellowish reddish to a variable extent
and, if not, other characters do not differ; lobes of tergite 9 larger, longer, more exposed,
projecting more .. ae oe ems Re os Ke a 32 ee

Smaller, shorter and stouter forms, with shorter and stouter abdomen, the hypopygium
more retracted and sternite 8 only slightly exposed; interocular space on vertex relatively
broader, less sunk in at middle; legs shorter, stouter, with relatively shorter and stouter
tibiae, especially hind ones, the femora, especially front and middle ones, mainly dark,
or more extensively dark above, and hind tibiae much darkened above or below in
apical half; apex of first posterior cell more narrowed, either almost sessile, or more
narrowly open; dense and shortish hairs on discal part of tergites 2 (or 3)—5 distinctly
more fulvous yellowish, or golden, or fulvous brownish; humeral tubercles, entire
pleurae, sides of tergite 1 and coxae entirely dark or black; lobes of tergite 9 smaller,
shorter, less exposed, less projecting .. ae ae sis Bs pe 25)

Sides or greater part of clypeus yellowish or brownish; humeral tubercles, pteropleural,
metapleural and metasternal parts extensively, broadish sides of tergite 1, hind coxae,
entire or greater part of venter and hypopygium yellowish or pale yellowish brownish;
femora more extensively yellowish, the front and middle ones either not, or not con-
spicuously, darkened above, and hind ones broadly yellowish basally and below;
integument of thorax above less conspicuously shining under the hairs .. 56 2

Clypeus either entirely dark or the sides much darker reddish brownish or blackish
brownish; humeral tubercles either yellowish or dark, posterior pleural parts, sides
of tergite 1 and almost entire or greater part of hind coxae dark or black or, if with
yellowish, this is less extensive, the metasternal part and hinder lateral part of tergite 1
and almost entire hind coxae dark, and entire venter, or greater part of it, or basal parts
of sternites, dark, and hypopygium either more brownish or mainly dark; femora either
more extensively darkened above, with conspicuous dark streaks on front and middle
ones above and hind ones more extensively dark above and, if not, pleural parts at least
dark; integument of thorax above more conspicuously shining under the hairs .. 23

Integument of thorax above distinctly more shining; sides of clypeus paler, more yellow-
ish; area around tubercles and sides of thorax yellowish reddish to a variable extent;
bullae mainly or entirely dark blackish brown or black; whitish or yellowish whitish
hind margins of tergites comparatively broader, more conspicuous, and band of greyish
whitish tomentum in front of each broader, more evident; hind femora more extensively
darkened above and on inner upper side and outer apical half; antennae relatively
shorter, shorter than thorax; segment 3 slightly shorter, subequal in length to club;
apex of lobes of tergite g blunter; processes of sternite g slightly more bluntly rounded
apically .. Ae oP ae Be Se ae is .. 6 patruelis n.sp.

Integument of thorax above distinctly duller; clypeus, especially sides, more dark
reddish; sides of thorax and area around humeral tubercles dark; bullae mainly orange
brownish or reddish brownish across more than apical half; whitish or yellowish whitish
hind margins of tergites narrower, less conspicuous, and band of greyish whitish tomen-
tum in front of each narrow, obscure, or not perceptible; hind femora only darkened
above, the outer sides more extensively yellowish up to near apex; antennae relatively
longer, longer than thorax, segment 3 slightly longer, longer than club; apex of lobes of
tergite g slightly produced, more sharply angular; processes of sternite 9 more sharply
pointed .. be - ae ait Es ar as fee 3 capensis n.sp.

Humeral tubercles, entire pleurae and sides of tergite 1 entirely dark or black; hind
femora distinctly more extensively yellowish, either extensively so below and basally
or more broadly so below; hind tibiae, like the rest, entirely yellowish; claw-segment of
tarsi not, or scarcely, darkened; antennal club distinctly shorter, much shorter than
proportionally longer segment 3, more pyriform, broadest around middle below, the
terminal prominence not so crater-like prominent; proboscis longer, at least 3 mm;
hairs on thorax above and on abdomen slightly, but distinctly, denser; processes of
sternite 9, in side view, more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed from base, and apical
part more curved up, in dorsal view more pointed apically and more longitudinally
depressed above #2 * ae ae < Hie si sts oa 2A)

24.

(0)

(0)

(0)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 61

Entire or hinder half of humeral tubercles, pteropleural, metapleural and upper posterior
metapleural parts to a variable extent and sides basally of tergite 1 orange yellowish or
yellowish; hind femora distinctly more extensively blackish above and along inner and
outer apical three-quarters and, excepting base, only very narrowly yellowish below;
hind tibiae darkened along outer apical part; claw-segment of tarsi distinctly darker or
blackish; club distinctly longer, scarcely, or only a very little, shorter than the propor-
tionally much shorter segment 3, more elongate-pyriform, in side view broadest much
beyond middle below, its terminal prominence prominently projecting crater-like;
proboscis relatively shorter, only about 2—-2-:76 mm; hairs on thorax above and on
abdomen slightly, but distinctly, less dense; processes of sternite 9, in side view, distinctly
less S-curved, more gradually narrowed from base, and apical part less curved up, in
dorsal view blunter, more rounded apically and longitudinally less depressed above

3 similimus n.sp.
Front and middle femora less intensely, or not much, darkened above, and hind femora
less extensively darkened or blackened above and less so along outer apical half; hind
coxae more reddened apically below; hind margins of tergites 2—5 distinctly whitish,
those of 6 and 7 only obscurely so, or only on sides; venter with more yellowish; wings
clear hyaline; hairs on abdomen above less dense; lobes of tergite 9 relatively shorter;
processes of sternite g relatively shorter, in side view appearing less slender, more
rapidly narrowed from base to apical third and only the latter more delimited and
appearing slender, in dorsal view slightly more rapidly narrowed to apex

3 mtidus (Bezz.)

Front and middle femora conspicuously black above to near apex and hind ones more
extensively darkened or blackened above, including outer upper and inner apical half;
hind coxae mainly or entirely black; hind margins of tergites 2-7 whitish (if only 2-5
the hind femora are more extensively blackened) ; venter with distinctly less yellowish,
sometimes mainly dark; wings more greyish hyaline, very faintly tinted brownish in
middle parts, especially towards apex of first basal cell and base of first posterior cell;
hairs on abdomen slightly denser; lobes of tergite 9 relatively longer; processes of
sternite g distinctly longer, in side view appearing more slender, more gradually and
continuously narrowed and from base to apical upcurved part, the latter not so delimited,
in ventral view slightly more gradually narrowed to apex .. ae 3 sorbens n.sp.

Head narrower, the interocular space on vertex narrower, much less than half width of
head and eyes across antennae; antennae longer, longer than thorax, segment 3 propor-
tionally much longer; proboscis slightly longer, about 3-2-3-6 mm; hind margins of
tergites 2-7 more conspicuously and more broadly yellowish whitish, narrowly bordered
across their basal margin with more distinct orange, and with a tendency for posterior
medial discal parts in front of hind margins of tergites 2-4 to be more orange; bullae
very dark reddish brownish or blackish brownish; legs comparatively longer, the front
and middle femora more extensively yellowish brownish below, the tarsi longer, darker,
and the hind femora with longer, more reddish brownish spines; hairs discally on ter-
gites 2-5 tinted more golden or fulvous yellowish; hairs on venter posteriorly and on
sides of tergites relatively longer; wings tinted brownish in middle parts, especially along
veins; apex of first posterior cell not tending to be angularly sessile on costal margin;
sternite 9 more conically narrowed from near base, its processes broader; aedeagal tubes
slightly more divergent, and dorsal central epimere, relative to tubes, shorter

3 lampronotus n.sp.

Head distinctly broader, the interocular space markedly broader, scarcely much less
than half width of head and eyes across antennae; antennae much shorter, shorter
than thorax, segment 3 proportionally much shorter, proboscis shorter, not much
more than 2-4 mm; hind margins of tergites 2-7 more narrowly whitish, without any
distinct orange yellowish across their basal borders or discally; bullae orange yellowish
or orange brownish; legs relatively shorter, the front and middle femora more darkened,
less yellowish brownish below, only so in basal half, tarsi shorter, paler, paler yellowish
brownish, the hind femora with comparatively shorter, pale yellowish reddish spines;
hairs discally on tergites 3-5 more brownish fulvous; hairs on venter posteriorly and on
sides of tergites relatively shorter; wings entirely glassy hyaline; apex of first posterior
cell tending to subtend angularly on costal margin; sternite 9 conically narrowed, but

62

26.

aX

28.

29.

30.

(a

(b

(a

(b

)

)

=

)

—

—

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

less rapidly so from near base, its processes narrower; phallic tubes less divergent and
central dorsal epimere relatively longer, projecting more beyond tubes
6 pseudolanipes Beq.

Thorax above and usually also vertex, or even frons, with greyish yellowish, buff-
coloured, yellowish, fulvous yellowish, orange yellowish to fulvous reddish hairs, its
integument discally in most forms usually dull, not distinctly shining under the vestiture

27
Thorax above, like rest of body above, with whitish or snow whitish hairs, its integument
usually distinctly more shining, or even polished in appearance, under the hairs .. 36

Sides of thorax above, and sometimes area around humeral tubercles, reddish to a
variable extent; metanotum distinctly, or more éxtensively, reddish on sides; pleurae
usually also with more extensive reddish; sides of abdomen above more often with
extensive yellowish, either on extreme sides or intramarginally, rarely entirely dark
like disc above .. : BM BD ae ie ae a ete

Sides of thorax above Ao like rest of ae Oboe metanotum entirely dark or black, or
with scarcely any reddish on sides; pleurae usually with less extensive reddish, or even
mainly dark; sides of abdomen usually not yellowish or contrastingly paler he discally
above, or only so near apex and, if with much yellow, sides of thorax and pleurae are
dark “if He uF a af ae ea Ne ~~ a eS 2

Hairs on metanotum, tergites 1 and 2, especially laterally, also deep fulvous yellowish or
fulvous reddish like rest of hairs on vertex, head in front, pleurae, coxae and legs; hind
tibiae without numerous, conspicuous longish hairs along inner side; hind margins of
tergites 2-6 yellowish whitish or yellowish on sides and reddish brownish or dark
discally; last two tergites mainly or almost entirely reddish or yellowish reddish

2 rufithorax (Wied.)

Hairs on metanotum, at least discally, and more particularly on tergites 1 and 2 dis-
tinctly paler, more whitish or snow whitish, contrasting with the more yellowish or
rufous ones on thorax above; hind tibiae with more numerous and conspicuous, or even
dense, longish hairs along inner side; hind margins of tergites 2-6 (or 7) either entirely
whitish or yellowish whitish or reddish, not darker discally; last two tergites either paler,
more yellowish (the penultimate one much darkened basally), or both aredark .. 29

Smaller species, usually less than 21 mm; hind margins of tergites 2-7 yellowish whitish
or yellowish, and 7 and 8 yellowish or yellowish brownish to a variable extent; sides of
tergites pale yellowish or yellowish brownish to a variable extent, even if only in hinder
part of abdomen; venter either entirely pale, pale yellowish or pale yellowish brownish,
or so in apical half; pteropleural, metapleural and metasternal parts and hind coxae
paler, yellowish or pale yellowish brownish; hairs on metanotum either whitish like
those on tergites 1 and 2, or at least paler than on thorax above, and those on clypeus,
or on its lower sides, whitish or paler than on vertex and frons .. sO

Larger species, about 21-29 mm; hind margins of tergites 2-6 yellowish, orange vate
ish reddish, reddish brownish or Sahay and tergites 7 and 8 more reddish brownish or
even dark reddish brownish in part; sides of tergites, except for reddish brownish sides
of 1, dark like the very dark rest of abdomen above, and sides of posterior tergites at
most dark reddish brownish; venter darker, more reddish brownish and sternites 6-8
sometimes even darker reddish brownish; pteropleural, metapleural and metasternal
parts, as well as hind coxae, also darker, dark reddish brownish or very dark castaneous
brownish; hairs on metanotum fulvous or fulvous reddish, on sides at least, like those on
thorax above, pleurae, entire head above and in front, including clypeus, and only those
on tergite 1, sides of 2 and base of venter whitish or snow whitish .. Q omeri (Stuck.)

Hind margins of tergites, especially discally, distinctly more narrowly yellowish whitish ;
bullae paler, orange or orange brownish, distinctly smaller, more widely separated above
by a space very much more than their vertical length, quite or even slightly more than
twice this length; extreme sides of tergites more conspicuously dark or blackish; antennae
distinctly shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, shorter or much shorter than
interocular space on vertex; wings tinted faintly subopaquely yellowish, the subopacity
distinctly more evident; fine and short hairs on abdomen above, other than those on

(2)
31. (a)
(5)
32. (a)
(5)
33. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 63

tergites 1 and 2 and apically, shorter, sparser
Q fasciatus (Wied.) and forms (= rufithorax Bezz. in part, nec. Wiedemann)

Hind margins of tergites distinctly more broadly yellowish whitish or yellowish; bullae
much darker, very dark blackish brownish or black, vertically much longer, more
narrowly separated above by a space only as long as, or much shorter than, their
vertical length; extreme sides of tergites scarcely or not so conspicuously margined
with dark or black, or only so along posterior tergites; antennae relatively longer, seg-
ment 3 proportionally longer, subequal in length to, or scarcely shorter than, interocular
space; wings either more hyaline, less tinted yellowish or, if faintly so, the subopacity is
distinctly less evident; hairs on middle parts of abdomen above relatively longer, denser
and more evident as Se ae ie Be Ash sie BLE Sei U

Sides of thorax more broadly yellowish reddish; hind margin or hind border of scutellum
yellowish; propleural, mesopleural and sternopleural parts paler, more brownish,
yellowish brownish to reddish brownish; sides of tergites more extensively paler or
yellowish; venter also mainly or entirely paler, more yellowish; antennal segment 3
paler, more yellowish to yellowish reddish; hairs on vertex and thorax above paler
yellowish; those on pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, short ones on middle parts of abdomen
above, those on basal half of venter, on hind coxae and on femora more whitish or snow
whitish; wings clearer, more greyish hyaline, or only faintly greyish yellowish

2 flavirostris (Bezz.)

Sides of thorax more narrowly reddish; entire scutellum dark or black; anterior lower
parts of pleurae much darker, more dark castaneous brownish to blackish brown; sides
of tergites 2-5 not much paler than dark abdomen above; venter also darker, more
brownish to dark brownish; antennal segment 3 blackish brown to black; hairs on head
above and thorax above more fulvous reddish; those on pleurae, discal parts of tergites
1 and 2 more creamy yellowish than whitish, the short ones on abdomen above, greater
part of venter, coxae and on femora more yellowish or fulvous yellowish; wings dis-
tinctly tinted more yellowish brownish and more uniformly so... @ rujihirtus n.sp.

Vestiture very much denser and longer, the hairs at base of abdomen, on coxae and
femora, especially hind ones, markedly long and dense, villose, and hind tibiae with
long and fairly dense ones along inner face; pleurae, sides of tergite 1 and greater part of,
or entire, hind coxae much darker or blackish; venter mainly dark or black, only
yellowish posteriorly to a variable extent, the hind margins of sternites conspicuously
and very broadly yellowish, not darkened centrally; bullae much longer vertically, the
space between them narrower; wings tinted slightly less yellowish, the apical stalk of
anal cell very much shorter, shorter than apical width of second basal cell; labella of
proboscis usually with much finer microsculpture and striae, and base of proboscis
below with longish hairs (if not, other characters conform) . . aN ne W133

Vestiture distinctly shorter and less dense, hairs at base of abdomen, on coxae and
femora, even hind ones, much shorter, not villose and with much fewer longish ones,
and hind tibiae with much fewer longish ones and these relatively shorter, not dense;
metapleural and metasternal parts, sides basally of tergite 1 and greater part or entire
hind coxae much paler, pale yellowish brownish or yellowish reddish, or even orange
reddish; venter mainly or entirely yellowish or yellowish brownish, the hind margins of
stermites more narrowly yellowish whitish and only so on extreme sides, the middle parts
darker or not whitish; bullae distinctly shorter vertically, space between them much
wider, more than their vertical length; wings distinctly tinted deeper yellowish, the
apical stalk of anal cell relatively longer, slightly longer than apical width of second basal
cell; labella of proboscis with slightly coarser striae and microsculpture, and base of
proboscis without longish hairs below .. ae BM, me ie .. 2 gessi n.sp.

Antennae relatively much longer, segment 3 proportionally longer and stouter, distinctly
longer than interocular space on vertex, the club darker, also proportionally longer, more
elongate, its broadest part in side view much beyond middle; sides of tergites 2 and 3
without a yellowish streak; venter less extensively yellowish, only so posteriorly, or even
mainly dark; scutellum more shining; reversed hairs on last two or three abdominal
segments distinctly longer and denser ay Bi a Me a: aa, aeey

64

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(b) Antennae distinctly shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, more slender, distinctly

34. (a

(b

)

Wa

35- (2)

(6

wa

shorter than, or scarcely subequal in length to, interocular space, the club mainly
orange yellowish (sensory area dark), proportionally much shorter, in side view more
spindle-shaped, broadest very near, or at about, its middle; sides of tergites 2 and 3 (or
at least 3) with a yellowish streak as on 4 and 5 or 4—7; venter more extensively yellowish
or pale yellowish brownish, even if only so in basal half; scutellum duller; reversed hairs
on last two or three abdominal segments relatively shorter and distinctly sparser

Q anthophilus n.sp.

Legs entirely or mainly yellowish, the front and middle femora with a scarcely per-
ceptible darkening above, and hind ones with a faint darkish streak along the middle
inner part; wings very faintly tinted yellowish in middle parts; bullae with their hind
border narrowly reddish brownish; yellowish hind margins of tergites relatively broader,
more conspicuously broadened on sides of 5—7; hairs on head and body slightly longer
and denser, those on vertex and disc of thorax paler yellowish or greyish yellowish, and
shortish ones on disc of tergite 2 and 3-6 more whitish; shortish, dense hairs on outer
parts of femora, especially hind ones, and on tibiae paler ake or more yellowish
whitish to creamy yellowish .. We : : uN SEES

Legs not entirely yellowish, the upper sues of a ts patie femora extensively
blackish brownish or dark reddish brownish, and hind ones mainly dark reddish brown-
ish, only a little more than basal third and apical part below almost orange yellowish,
and the tibiae and tarsi very pale yellowish; wings slightly more intensely yellowish;
bullae entirely shining black; more orange yellowish hind margins of tergites relatively
narrower, less extensively broadened on sides of 5—7; hairs relatively less dense, shorter,
those on vertex, sides of frons and on thorax above slightly deeper yellowish, more golden
or fulvous, and shortish ones on disc of tergite 2 and on rest of abdomen above distinctly
more golden or fulvous; shortish, dense ones on femora above, especially along upper
and outer parts of hind ones, and on tibiae more golden or fulvous .. @ flavitibialis n.sp.

Smaller species, less than 25 mm; hind margin of tergite 1 more obscure reddish and
those of rest more narrowly yellowish; last tergite very dark reddish brownish; last ster-
nite reddish brownish; spines on oviscape yellowish; proboscis relatively shorter, with
some longish hairs basally below, its labella with finer striae and microsculpture;
antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter; hind femora without any
dorso-lateral spines on outer face; hind tibiae with fewer spicules on outer and lower
apical parts and fewer in the subapical circlet 5 al in Q hirtipes n.sp.

Larger species, about 25 mm; hind margin of tergite 1 dark and those of rest distinctly
more broadly yellowish, more ring-like; last tergite more ochreous yellowish; last
sternite more yellowish; spines on oviscape more brownish; proboscis slightly longer,
about 4°52 mm, without longish hairs basally below, its labella with coarser striae
and microsculpture; antennae relatively longer, segment 3 proportionally longer
(1-:2:1); hind femora with some spines on outer upper middle part; hind tibiae with
more numerous and stouter spicules on outer lower part, and with more spicules in
the subapical circlet ae as Ric ste se ate .. Q gigantulus n.sp.

Larger, more slender, elongate species, about 14—19:5 mm; abdomen above, excepting
yellowish whitish or yellowish hind margins of tergites 2—7, either entirely paler yellowish
brownish or mainly dark or blackish, without contrasting pale discal colouration; bullae
longer vertically, dark or black, closer together discally; legs relatively longer, mainly
pale or more extensively yellowish or pale yellowish brownish; basal segment of hind
tarsi distinctly longer than claw-segment; wings clearer hyaline, or only faintly tinted
yellowish or greyish yellowish; proboscis shorter, only about, or less than, 3 mm;
antennal club less pyriform, its sensory area more oblique; hairs on last three tergites
and sternites relatively shorter, those on last two yellowish or fulvous or more whitish,
and those on hind femora and tibiae distinctly shorter or with fewer long ones .. 37

Smaller, shorter, plumper species, only about 12-5-15 mm, with stouter abdomen;
abdomen above, apart from the yellowish hind margins of tergites 2-6, extensively,
broadly and characteristically ochreous yellowish to a variable extent on tergites 2-4
and more narrowly on 5; bullae more dark reddish brownish, vertically shorter, widely
separated discally; upper surfaces of front and middle femora, more extensive upper

37-

38.

39-

40.

41.

—
Q
a

(d)

(a

~~

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 65

parts of hind ones, hind tibiae to a large extent and either all the tarsi above, or at least
claw-segment, distinctly darkened, more brownish; basal segment of hind tarsi shorter
than claw-segment; wings distinctly tinted darker, more brownish in middle parts,
especially along veins; proboscis distinctly more slender, relatively longer, quite
3-2-3-6 mm; club more distinctly pyriform, its sensory area less oblique, more sub-
truncate; hairs on last three abdominal segments relatively longer, those on last tergite
above distinctly fulvous and those on hind femora and tibiae distinctly longer, denser,
with more numerous longish ones Sy ae a4 ale .. 9 lampronotus n.sp.

Either mainly dark or pale species; thorax above either entirely pale or darkened and,
if dark or darkened, without the humeral tubercles, sides and two submedial discal
streaks very much paler or contrastingly paler than rest; hind margins of tergites more
narrowly yellowish discally, and last two tergites either dark like rest or last tergite
darker than rest; antennae distinctly longer, segment 3 proportionally longer, only a
little shorter than interocular space on vertex, the club paler or orange yellowish, more
subspindle-shaped, its apical sensory area very oblique, usually nearly reaching middle
below; legs relatively shorter, all, including hind femora, mainly or entirely pale, pale
yellowish or pale yellowish brownish; hairs longer, denser, those on thorax above
distinctly much denser, and those on femora, especially hind ones, with distinctly more
numerous longish ones basally and along inner side .. se Bs fe sn | Sis

Not entirely dark or pale; thorax above dark, but with humeral tubercles pale yellowish,
the area around latter, sides of thorax above, postalar calli, two narrowish, submedial,
discal streaks (extending to beyond middle), hind margin of scutellum obscurely,
extreme sides of metanotum, pteropleural, metapleural and metasternal parts and sides
of tergite 1 yellowish reddish; hind margins of tergites distinctly more broadly yellowish,
and last tergite, and obscurely also the penultimate one, reddish brownish; antennae
relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, much shorter than interocular
space, the club darker, more dark reddish brownish more subpyriform, its sensory area
less oblique; legs relatively longer, the front and middle femora more darkened above
and hind ones brownish above and apically on inner and outer sides; hairs shorter, less
dense, those on thorax above shorter, sparser, and those on femora shorter, with very
much fewer longish ones 2 patruelis n.sp. (= paganus Bezz. in part, nec Gerstaeker)

Head and body darker or more blackish; wings, relative to body-length, relatively
longer; proboscis more slender, with longer, more pointed labella
@ nitidus (Bezz.) and forms of it

Head and almost entire body paler, more pale yellowish brownish; wings, relative to
body-length, distinctly shorter; proboscis relatively slightly shorter, stouter and with
shorter, blunter labella ac aie aie ae @ nitens Beq. (ex descr.)

Abdomen above discally with some very dark, dark brownish, fulvous brownish or
blackish hairs, even if only on the dark discal patches; hairs on disc of thorax very
frequently yellowish greyish or brownish, or at least with some yellowish or dark ones
on the discal streaks a Me Be ws j ‘ wl ; a) eo)

Abdomen above with all the hairs paler, very pale, either whitish or pale yellowish, even
those on dark discal patches much paler or more yellowish, even if they appear dark in
certain lights; hairs on disc of thorax very frequently entirely whitish and, if sometimes
yellowish, those on abdomen above very pale or whitish .. Bis he een 2

Hairs on legs, especially on femora and particularly on hind ones, distinctly very much
shorter and sparser; hind margins of only tergites 2-4 (rarely 2-5, but sometimes sides
of 5) distinctly whitish; antennal segment 3 either longer or very much longer than
club ae : ee se ANT

(6) Hairs on legs, especially on hind femora, distinctly very much longer and denser,

(a)

usually with numerous, often conspicuous, longish ones as well; hind margins of tergites
2-5 or 2~7 whitish or yellowish whitish; antennal segment 3 either only slightly or
scarcely, or as long as club a ate ae an bis iF is eA 4)

Antennae distinctly longer, longer or much longer than width of head across face, seg-
ment 3, relative to club, much longer; hind margins of tergites 2-4 (or sides only of 5)
yellowish whitish; hairs on head and body relatively longer, those on vertex whitish;

66

(0)
42. (a)
(0)
43- (a)
(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

abdomen above darker, with more distinct basal discal patches, either with short
whitish hairs across apical part of tergites or on sides; hind femora with distinctly much
stouter spines on distinct tubercles below, and hind tibiae curved to a variable extent
and with stouter, shorter and fewer spicules below, most of these in apical part; first
posterior cell in wings broadly open apically a ats a ee sit uA

Antennae distinctly much shorter, distinctly shorter than width of head across face,
segment 3, relative to club, shorter, only a little longer than latter; hind margins of
tergites 2—5 (3 the broadest) yellowish whitish; hairs on head and body relatively shorter,
those on vertex more yellowish or brownish like the short ones discally on thorax; abdo-
men more brownish, without distinct darker basal discal patches, with all the shortish
hairs brownish; hind femora with longer, feebler; more bristle-like spines on feebler
tubercles below, and hind tibiae straight and with longer, more slender and more
numerous spicules in two rows below; first posterior cell only subtending angularly, or
scarcely open, apically on costal margin ans .. © milnertonensis Beq. (ex descr.)

Integument of pleurae and especially abdomen above and bullae without any distinct
or very perceptible fine reticulate or areolar microsculpture; hind femora less thickened,
more slender; humeral tubercles paler, more yellowish or yellowish brownish, relatively
smaller, less dilated; sides of tergites 1-3, or even some of the others, yellowish; transverse
bands of greyish whitish tomentum across apical part of tergites more conspicuous, more
delimited; hairs on submedial discal streaks on thorax longer, entirely whitish, without
a streak of greyish tomentum under them; wings clearer, more hyaline or only very
faintly greyish yellowish, their veins pale or more reddish; processes of sternite g, in side
view, straighter, not, scarcely, or only feebly, curved up apically, in dorsal view more
sharply pointed; epimere of aedeagal apparatus more broadened apically .. Meh weAS

Integument of pleurae and especially abdomen and bullae with distinct fine areolar or
reticulate microsculpture; hind femora distinctly more thickened, more subspindle-
shaped; humeral tubercles black, relatively larger, more convex or dilated; sides of only
tergite 1 and base of 2 reddish brownish; transverse bands of greyish whitish tomentum
across apical part of tergites not so conspicuously evident; hairs in two submedial discal
streaks on thorax very short, with some yellowish ones discally and situated on more
evident streaks of greyish tomentum; wings distinctly tinted more smoky brownish in
middle parts, especially along veins, the latter darker or blackish; processes of sternite 9,
in side view, slightly more S-curved, at first rapidly narrowed, with a more delimited
slender upturned apical part; epimere relatively longer, more slender, less broadened
tOAPEXS | aye ae a of she 2 tis ae 3 microreticulatus n.sp.

Antennae much shorter, more brownish, segment 3 distinctly shorter than interocular
space on vertex, the club more pyriform, its basal part thicker; proboscis more slender;
clypeus, humeral tubercles and to a variable extent sides of thorax above yellowish to
yellowish reddish; sides of tergites 1-3 less broadly yellowish; bands of greyish whitish
tomentum across hinder half or more of tergites 2-6 much broader, extending triangu-
larly in middle discally into black basal parts (which appear forked apically) ; hairs on
thorax above, pleurae, base of abdomen and hind coxae relatively longer, denser, and
those on femora distinctly longer, denser, with some longish ones along inner side of
hind ones; inner side of hind tibiae with conspicuous long hairs; fine hairs on tergites
discally with more whitish or pale ones on apical half or part, especially on last two;
hairs on apical part of venter paler, more yellowish or whitish; pleurae dulled by greyish
whitish tomentum; wings with distinct, though faint, fuscous borders of cloudiness along
veins in apical half, the veins darker; processes of sternite g, in side view, much broader
basally, more rapidly narrowed apically; lobes of tergite 9 relatively shorter, less
angularly produced a: an ie ae os wg oS opacicinctus n.sp.

Antennae very much longer, more yellowish, more slender, segment 3 elongate, much
longer than width of interocular space, the club more flask-shaped, its basal half
narrower; proboscis stouter; clypeus and humeral tubercles darker, more reddish
brownish and sides of thorax darker or dark; sides of tergites 1-3 more broadly or
extensively yellowish; bands of greyish whitish tomentum occupying less than half of
tergites 3-5, without any on 2, these bands not produced discally along middle; hairs
on thorax, pleurae, base of abdomen and coxae relatively shorter, those on femora,

44. (2)

(b

~~

45. (a)

(b

~~

46. (a)

(5)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 67

especially hind ones, markedly short and sparse, without any long ones below; inner
side of hind tibiae without very long hairs; fine hairs on tergites discally with much fewer
pale ones apically, those on last two mainly dark; hairs on apical part of venter dark;
pleurae more shining; wings greyish hyaline, the veins paler, without even faint cloudi-
ness; processes of sternite 9, in side view, narrower basally, more gradually narrowed
apically, thus more slender; lobes of tergite 9 relatively longer, more angularly produced

S consanguineus n.sp.

Proboscis shorter or much shorter, distinctly shorter than vertical length of eye, usually
not more than, or much shorter than, 2 mm; tergites 1 and 2 not shining discally, usually
with greyish whitish tomentum discally on 1 and extensively across apical part of 2, and
usually with broader apical bands of greyish tomentum on rest; tergite 1 more evidently
depressed medially discally; hairs on thorax above either shorter or sparser, and those
on abdomen above slightly shorter .. et ae : at f eel 45)

Proboscis slightly longer, as long as, or distinctly longer cee vertical tees of eye,
usually more than 2 mm; tergites 1 and 2 more extensively shining, even on 2 and 3
discally, without greyish whitish tomentum or with such only very obscurely and
narrowly across apical part of 2, and without, or scarcely any, greyish whitish bands
of tomentum across apical parts of tergites and, if conspicuous, they are much narrower;
tergite 1 not, or more shallowly, depressed discally; hairs on thorax above either longer
or denser, and those on abdomen above relatively longer .. Be ee 55 2)

Hairs along discal streaks on thorax above and either on entire discal part of abdomen
above or more extensively on discal parts of tergites darker, either deeper yellowish,
yellowish brownish, brownish or fulvous brownish; clypeus, relative to basal colour of
head, paler, more yellowish; humeral tubercles, area around them, sides of thorax
above and pleurae to a great extent paler, more pale yellowish brownish to yellowish
brownish; sides of abdomen (tergites 1-3) to a variable extent more extensively pale
yellowish brownish; bullae smaller, more widely separated by a space much wider than
their vertical length; proboscis relatively shorter, usually less than 2 mm; spines and
spicules on legs darker, more brownish or fulvous; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
slightly less S-curved, longer, the apical part more slender; epimere of aedeagal appara-
tus proportionally longer and the phallic tubes appearing proportionally shorter .. 46

Hairs along discal streaks on thorax above and on hinder part of tergites whitish or snow
whitish; clypeus, if contrasting with basal colour of head, more brownish or reddish
brownish; humeral tubercles either not contrasting with pale rest of thorax or, if paler
than rest of thorax, then more yellowish, the sides of thorax not paler or only obscurely
and narrowly dark reddish and pleurae, if very pale, the fine hairs on thorax are whitish;
sides of base of abdomen (tergites 1-3) less extensively yellowish or yellowish brownish;
bullae larger or much larger, darker, much closer together above; proboscis relatively
longer, reaching 2 mm; spines and spicules on legs paler, pallid, or yellowish; processes
of sternite 9, in side view, more S-curved, relatively shorter, the apical part more
rapidly narrowed, less slender; epimere either proportionally much shorter, not extend-
ing a very long distance beyond phallic tubes (which appear shorter), or it is apically
more rounded .. ee nat Ls Me ai ie a ie AS

Hairs on vertex, frons and clypeus snow whitish, and those on femora, especially hind
ones, relatively longer, denser, more whitish; antennae distinctly shorter, only as long as,
or shorter than, thorax, segment 3 proportionally shorter, very much shorter than
interocular space on vertex, either shorter than club or subequal in length to it, and
constricted base of latter very short; bullae yellowish brownish or reddish brownish;
black, basal, discal patches on at least tergites 2-5 extending to beyond middle; legs
shorter, the hind femora distinctly more thickened, more spindle-shaped . . Lay:
Hairs on these parts distinctly more yellowish or yellowish brownish, and those on hind
femora relatively shorter, more yellowish or yellowish brownish; antennae distinctly
longer, slightly longer than thorax, segment 3 proportionally longer, scarcely, or only a
little, shorter than interocular space, distinctly longer than club and constricted base of
latter more evident, slightly longer; bullae blackish brown; black discal patches on
tergites 2-6 extending to about middle or scarcely beyond; legs relatively longer, hind
femora more clavately thickened, with a longer base a Bi 3 inhacae n.sp.

68

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

47. (a) Body darker, more blackish brown to black; antennae mainly dark or black, only apical

48.

49.

50.

(0)

(a)

(6)

(a)

half of clubs dark reddish or orange, segment 3 relatively longer, subequal in length to
club; proboscis darker, only reddish brownish below; pleurae, coxae and legs darker
brownish; sides of tergites 1-3 darker, more castaneous brownish; venter darker; hind
margins of tergites 2-5 (or 6 obscurely) whitish; wings glassy hyaline, without very
distinct subopacity, the veins very much darker; hairs along discal streaks on thorax
above and short ones on abdomen above, also most of those on venter from sternite 5,
darker or even blackish; spines and spicules on legs much darker; processes of sternite
g relatively longer, in side view more gradually narrowed, more slender in apical half,
slightly narrower in ventral view ¢ paganus (Gerst.) and forms of it (= bezzzanus Beq.)

Body paler, more yellowish brownish to brownish; antennae mainly pale yellowish
brownish, segment 3 proportionally shorter, slightly shorter than club; proboscis
yellowish brownish; pleurae, coxae and legs paler, more yellowish brownish; sides of
tergites 1-3, or even of the rest, pale yellowish brownish; venter paler, more yellowish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 (or even 7) yellowish whitish; wings markedly
subopaquely whitish, the veins pallid or yellowish; hairs along discal streaks on thorax
above and short ones on abdomen above more yellowish brownish or cinnamon brownish
and those on venter mainly greyish yellowish; spines and spicules on legs paler, more
yellowish reddish or reddish; processes of sternite g relatively shorter, in side view more
rapidly narrowed, less slender in apical half, in ventral view slightly broader

3 pulverulentus n.sp.

Head and body darker, more blackish brownish to blackish, the thorax darker, with the
humeral tubercles more contrasting and yellowish, and sides of thorax obscurely and
narrowly dark reddish; disc of thorax not distinctly finely granular or finely transversely
striate; hind margins of tergites 2-7 yellowish whitish; interocular space on vertex
and fronto-facial part narrower; proboscis appearing relatively shorter, only about
2 mm long; fine hairs on outer face of femora and tibiae more whitish; epimere, relative
to phallic tubes, shorter, only extending a little beyond theirapex .. 3 griquaensis n.sp.

Head and body much paler, more pale brownish to brownish, the thorax more brownish,
the humeral tubercles not contrastingly paler than rest of surface; disc of thorax more
finely granular and transversely striate; hind margins of only tergites 2-5 yellowish
whitish; interocular space and fronto-facial width broader; proboscis relatively slightly
longer, a little more than 2 mm;; fine hairs on outer face of femora and tibiae tinted more
brownish; epimere not appearing short relative to phallic tubes, its apex more rounded

3 pseudoopacus Beq. (ex descr.)

Hairs on thorax above either mainly dark, fulvous brownish, or with those in discal
streaks mainly brownish or fulvous brownish, those on legs, especially hind ones,
relatively less dense and shorter; antennae relatively shorter, much shorter than
thorax; bullae orange brownish or orange reddish; sides of tergites 1-3, or even sides
of rest, more broadly, or more evidently, paler than dorsum; pleurae more castaneous
brownish; legs on the whole darker, more brownish, the lower surface of femora not
contrastingly yellowish; sternite g distinctly longer, more conically produced, its
processes straighter, less S-curved .. ae a oh Sc Be <a 150

Hairs along discal streaks on thorax above much paler, at most only slightly pale
yellowish or sericeous yellowish, not contrasting much with the rest of the snow
whitish hairs above, those on legs distinctly denser and longer; antennae relatively
longer, distinctly longer than thorax; bullae much darker or blackish; sides of only
tergites I-3 or 1 and 2 narrowly paler or more yellowish, the rest dark like dorsum;
pleurae blackish; legs appearing paler, only the femora above darkened or blackish,
contrasting with the much paler, more yellowish lower surfaces; sternite g distinctly
shorter, its free conical part much shorter, its processes distinctly more S-curved,
curved more upwards apically ae ay a D6 sic =e So uu

Smaller and less bulky species, Jess than 25 mm long; hairs on thorax brownish only
in discal streaks, those on sides, pleurae, metanotum, base of abdomen and on coxae
snow whitish; shortish dark ones on abdomen above less dense; those on legs distinctly
longer, denser, more whitish; humeral tubercles, area around them and sides of
thorax above paler, more yellowish brownish or reddish; bands of greyish white

(6

—

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 69

tomentum across hind margins of tergites 3-6 much broader, more conspicuous;
bullae larger; yellowish whitish hind margins of tergites narrower; wings distinctly
tinted yellowish brownish in middle and apical parts, more so along veins; legs
proportionally shorter, the hind femora more distinctly thickened, more subspindle-
shaped; antennae relatively longer, more slender, segment 3 more slender, distinctly
longer than club; processes of sternite 9 proportionally longer, their apical part, in
side view, longer, more slender aie Bs ale a5 .. 6 opacus (Bezz.)

Much larger, more bulky species, reaching 25-26 mm; all the hairs on thorax above,
metanotum, pleurae, tergite 1 and basal half of 2, on middle and hind coxae and to a
large extent on legs, especially femora, dark or brownish; dark shortish ones on
abdomen above distinctly denser; those on legs distinctly shorter, much sparser, with
much fewer longish ones on inner side of hind femora; humeral tubercles darker, dark
reddish or blackish and sides of thorax above much darker or blackish; bands of
greyish tomentum across hind margins of tergites narrower, obscure, scarcely per-
ceptible (entire abdomen appearing dark); bullae smaller, narrower; yellowish
whitish hind margins of tergites relatively broader, more conspicuous and those
across 2-4 bordered basally with more orange; wings entirely glassy hyaline, the dark
veins without perceptible cloudiness; legs proportionally much longer, the hind
femora proportionally less thickened and more clavate; antennae proportionally much
shorter, stouter, segment 3 stouter, subequal in length to the more inflated club;
processes of sternite 9 relatively shorter, broader, more rapidly narrowed apically,
their apical part, in side view, distinctly much shorter, less slender

3 namaquensis n.sp (= paganus Bezz. in part, nec Gerstaecker)

Hairs on thorax above, abdomen and especially hind legs distinctly sparser, slightly
shorter; antennae distinctly longer, both segment 3 and club proportionally longer,
the former stouter, quite as long as interocular space on vertex; hind femora slightly
more thickened; hind tibiae more curved and spicules on tibiae, other than apical
spurs, shorter, poorly developed; wings broader across axillary lobe, the latter rela-
tively much broader, much broader than twice width of anal cell; lobes of tergite 9 less
acuminate apically; processes of sternite 9 longer, in side view with a much longer
upcurved slender apical part, in ventral view broader, more pointed apically

S apricus n.sp.
Hairs on these parts distinctly denser, slightly longer; antennae relatively shorter,
segment 3 and club proportionally shorter, the former slightly more slender, slightly
shorter than interocular space on vertex, the club relatively shorter, more subspindle-
shaped; hind femora slightly less thickened; hind tibiae straighter and spicules on
tibiae proportionally longer, more conspicuous; wings slightly narrower across
axillary lobe, the latter narrower, not or scarcely more than twice width of anal
cell; lobe of tergite 9 more sharply acuminate apically; processes of sternite 9 rela-
tively shorter, in side view with a much shorter upcurved apical part which is less
slender, in ventral view slightly narrower, more rounded at apex 3 anomalus n.sp.

Middle segments of abdomen (2-5 or 6) above and mainly also on sides conspicuously
pale ochreous yellowish or orange yellowish to a variable extent; hind margins of all
the tergites 1-7 yellowish whitish or yellowish; bullae smallish, dark reddish brownish,
black-margined, widely separated; integument of entire abdomen more or less
shining, without distinct dull whitish tomentum across apical parts of tergites; wings
more distinctly and conspicuously yellowish brownish or brownish, especially along
veins, in a broad band across middle, leaving the apical part beyond level of apex of
third posterior cell and basal part before base of discoidal cell abruptly and contrast-
ingly clear or hyaline milky whitish; shortish and fine hairs on abdomen above
distinctly deeper, or more golden, yellowish; basal segment of hind tarsi markedly
short, usually shorter than claw-segment .. a ole 3 suffusipennis (Brun.)
Species with this combination of characters not present; the abdomen, if bicolorous
above, not so to the same extensive extent; wings, if infuscated, not abruptly or
truncately clear in apical part .. Be a us aie oes eli

Hairs on disc of thorax above and sometimes on sides and even on vertex distinctly
tinted yellowish, greyish yellowish to fulvous; hind margins of tergites 2-6 yellowish

70

54:

55:

56.

57:

(6)

(a)

(b

wa

(b

—

(2)
(5)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

whitish or whitish; sides of tergites 1-3 mainly dark like rest of abdomen, or only
narrowly pale on extreme sides of 1; humeral tubercles as well as clypeus usually
also dark; integument of abdomen above, including discal parts of tergites 2 or 1 and
2, markedly dull under the hairs; processes of sternite 9, in side view, more rapidly
narrowed apically, the apical part distinctly less slender .. .. oe sen

Hairs on thorax above, like those on its sides and on rest of head and body, entirely or
mainly whitish or snow whitish; hind margins of only tergites 2-4 or 5 yellowish,
yellowish whitish or whitish; sides of tergites 1-3, or sometimes even sides of rest,
distinctly more broadly or more extensively pale or yellowish; humeral tubercles and
clypeus usually paler, more yellowish and, if not, hairs on disc of thorax very pale;
integument of tergites 1 and 2, and sometimes to a variable extent even base of some
others, shining or sub-shining under the vestiture; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
more slender in apical part .. as di ; : as a a GAS)

Legs, including tibiae, darker, entirely or mainly dae ihe underside of femora and
entire tibiae, if paler, at most dark reddish brownish; humeral tubercles more dark
reddish ‘proved than black; proboscis shorter, usually less than 3 mm; bullae longer
vertically, much closer together, space between them very much less than their
vertical length; veins in wings usually darker, more brownish, the costal vein and
others at base of wings usually darker, more brownish, the costal vein and others at
base of wings more brownish; processes of sternite 9 relatively longer, in side view
more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed towards apex, the upcurved apical part more
slender, with denser hairs below, in dorsal or ventral view relatively narrower, more
gradually narrowed apically; phallic tubes relatively longer, quite as long as width
of processes of sternite g at about middle .. He 6 turnert Beq. and forms of it

Legs with the apex of femora, base of hind ones and entire tibiae and tarsi much
paler, more yellowish or pale yellowish reddish; humeral tubercles darker or black;
proboscis slightly longer, usually more, or slightly more, than 3 mm; bullae shorter
vertically, slightly wider apart, the space between them subequal in length to, or
slightly longer than, their vertical length; veins in anterior half or part of wings much
paler, more yellowish, the costal vein and others at base markedly yellowish; processes
of sternite 9 relatively shorter, in side view broader, less S-curved, more rapidly
narrowed, with a much shorter, or with scarcely any, slender apical part, with sparser
hairs below, in dorsal view broader, more rapidly narrowed apically; phallic tubes
shorter, much shorter than width of processes at about middle .. sf Sc

Only base and apex of hind femora yellowish; whitish hind margins of tergites more
distinctly or more broadly bordered across basal margin with yellowish or orange;
genital segment less extensively yellowish; hairs on thorax above deeper, more fulvous,
yellowish to deep fulvous, and those on pleurae also distinctly more fulvous than
white; wings clearer hyaline; processes of sternite 9, in side view, relatively longer,
less sharply pointed apically, in dorsal view more gradually narrowed and more
bluntly rounded apically, the sternite itself broader, less laterally compressed in
apical part, blunter .. F ; ES 3 flavigenualis n.sp.

More than basal half and entire ie er iy of hind femora yellowish reddish;
relatively narrower whitish hind margins of tergites scarcely or not bordered across
basal margin with orange; hypopygium more extensively yellowish reddish; hairs on
thorax above greyish yellowish to creamy yellowish, and those on pleurae snow whitish
like rest of hairs on body; wings very faintly, but distinctly, tinted yellowish and
with a slightly more milky whitish subopacity; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
relatively shorter, more rapidly narrowed, distinctly more sharply pointed, in ventral
view also more rapidly narrowed and more pointed apically, the sternite itself rela-
tively narrower, more laterally compressed in apical part . . .. & koupicolus n.sp.

Area around humeral tubercles and sides of thorax above distinctly and usually
broadly paler, more yellowish, yellowish reddish or pale reddish .. fe Be Gy
Area around humeral tubercles and sides cf thorax above dark or black, not paler
than rest of thorax .. 5 is a5 a AN ANS c ae Or
Legs longer, the hind femora longer, much stouter, distinctly disk cneas with more
numerous, much shorter and blunter spines on more distinct and raised tubercular

©)
58. (a)
(d)
59- (4)
(b)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 71

prominences; hind tibiae more coarsely granular below; hairs on legs, especially
femora, more particularly hind ones, distinctly very much shorter, sparser, without
any long and dense ones; antennae stouter, longer, segment 3 proportionally stouter
and longer (as 45:42 or 40 or 35), the club more elongate, more gradually thickened
beyond middle; proboscis distinctly stouter, slightly longer, reaching 3:6 mm or
more; wings more glassy hyaline, or with scarcely perceptible cloudiness along apical
veins of first basal and discoidal cells and base of third posterior cell, and with all the
veins darker; lobes of tergite 9g more produced apically; sternite 9 distinctly more
constricted laterally in apical part, its processes, in ventral view, relatively broader,
more rapidly narrowed apically, with denser, darker hairs below 3 psammophilus n.sp.

Legs relatively shorter, more slender, the hind femora shorter, more slender, not,
scarcely, or only very slightly, thickened, with distinctly much fewer, longer, more
slender spines on feebler prominences; hind tibiae with much feebler granules below;
hairs on legs, especially hind ones, distinctly very much longer, denser and with
numerous longish ones; antennae more slender, relatively shorter, segment 3 more
slender, shorter (as 35, 40, 42:45), the club relatively shorter, more subpyriform,
more rapidly dilated beyond middle; proboscis distinctly more slender, relatively
shorter, usually less than 3-6 mm; wings usually very faintly tinted greyish yellowish
to faintly yellowish to a variable extent, with paler, more yellowish or yellowish
brownish veins; lobes of tergite 9, even though angularly acute, not produced to a
marked extent apically; sternite 9 not, or not distinctly, constricted on sides in apical
projecting part, its processes relatively narrower, more gradually narrowed to apex,
with sparser, whitish hairs below... Bie ae 56 a te aoiieGte)

Bullae brownish, yellowish brownish, ochreous, or yellowish reddish; sides of tergites
1 and 2 more broadly or more extensively yellowish; whitish or yellowish whitish
hind margins of tergites 2-4 or 5 relatively broader; femora, especially hind ones,
relatively paler below, more contrastingly paler or yellowish below, sometimes almost
entirely pale; process of sternite 9, in side view, more distinctly S-curved, more
rapidly narrowed, the upcurved apical part more rapidly slender and longer, and
apical part of sternite itself more sharply conical .. be . 59

Bullae darker, blackish or black; sides of tergites 1 and 2 less Cee ae more
narrowly yellowish; whitish hind margins of tergites 2-4 or 5 narrower; femora,
especially hind ones, more extensively or more uniformly dark, not, or scarcely, or less
extensively, pale below; processes of sternite 9, in side view, less S-curved, the lower
margin straighter, more gradually narrowed, the distinctly less upcurved apical part
relatively shorter, less rapidly slender and the sternite itself blunter, more bluntly
subtruncate apically .. Se %. Se ate Be oe Bs EOO

Hind margins of tergites 2-4 (or sometimes 5) more narrowly whitish or yellowish
whitish, not, or not distinctly, bordered basally with orange; bullae paler, more
yellowish brownish or ochreous brownish, or pale reddish brownish; basal, discal
patches on at least tergites 3-6 distinctly shorter, less extensive, reaching or scarcely
extending beyond middle, leaving almost, or about, apical half covered with greyish
whitish tomentum; sides of thorax above more narrowly or obscurely reddish; pro-
boscis relatively longer, usually more than 3:2 mm; antennae relatively longer,
segment 3 proportionally longer, longer than interocular space on vertex; short hairs
on abdomen above distinctly denser, relatively longer; wings more often glassy hya-
line; lobes of tergite 9 either somewhat angularly produced apically or tending to be
so; processes of sternite 9 with relatively longer and denser hairs below

3 humeralis (Gerst.) (var. of)

Hind margins of tergites 2-5 more broadly whitish or yellowish whitish, relatively
broadly, or at least more distinctly, bordered basally with orange yellowish; bullae
darker reddish brownish; basal, discal, dark patches on at least tergites 3-6 distinctly
longer, more extensive, extending to beyond middle, leaving a narrower apical part
of greyish whitish tomentum; sides of thorax above more broadly and more con-
spicuously reddish or yellowish reddish; proboscis shorter, usually not more than
3-2 mm; antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, only about, or
scarcely longer, or even slightly shorter “abe width of interocular space; shortish

72

60.

62.

(0)

(6)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

hairs on abdomen above sparser, relatively shorter; wings usually more distinctly
tinted faintly yellowish; lobes of tergite g shorter, only angular and not produced
apically; processes of sternite 9 with sparser and shorter hairs .. ¢ braunsi (Bezz.)

Humeral tubercles more markedly pale yellowish and sides of thorax above distinctly
more broadly yellowish or yellowish reddish; hind margins of only tergites 2-4 whitish;
basal, discal, dark patches on tergites 3-6 at least less extensive, slightly shorter, only
about reaching middle, and apical greyish whitish tomentum thus relatively broader;
extreme sides of tergites 6 and 7 without a conspicuous, intra-marginal, impressed
line, consisting of a row of impressed punctures; processes of sternite 9, in side view,
slightly more S-curved, more rapidly narrowed, with a longer slender part

- 3 sobrinus n.sp.

Humeral tubercles somewhat darkened, more brownish basally or more obscurely
pale at base, and sides of thorax above distinctly more narrowly, or even obscurely,
yellowish or reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 or 5 whitish, the latter sometimes
only so on sides; basal, discal, dark patches on tergites 3-6 relatively more extensive,
distinctly extending slightly beyond middle and apical greyish whitish tomentum thus
relatively narrower; extreme sides of tergite 7, and sometimes also 6, usually with a
conspicuous, intramarginal, impressed line, consisting of a straight row of impressed
punctures; processes of sternite g, in side view, slightly less S-curved, its lower margin
straighter, more gradually narrowed, the apical slender part less upturned and
relatively shorter ee es me oy ue -. marginipunctatus n.sp.

Clypeus either entirely pale, or yellowish, or more extensively yellowish, or reddish,
on sides; humeral tubercles pale yellowish, or reddish brownish, or brownish; posterior
part of metapleurae usually distinctly yellowish or pale; sides of tergites 1 and 2,
and to a lesser extent streak-like along 3 or even 4, distinctly broadly, or more exten-
sively, yellowish; legs more extensively yellowish or pale and, if femora are darkened
above, at least with more extensive or contrasting yellowish below aD 55 Of

Clypeus either entirely dark or black and, if pale on sides, these darker, more brown-
ish; humeral tubercles entirely very dark or black and, if brownish, hind femora
extensively dark; pleurae either entirely dark or black or posterior part of metapleurae
less extensively or contrastingly yellowish, more obscurely brownish or reddish
brownish; sides of tergites 1 and 2 more narrowly pale or yellowish, or sometimes
tending to be dark and, if contrastingly yellowish, other characters differ; legs,
including tibiae, on the whole darker, the femora, especially hind ones, more exten-
sively darkened above or even uniformly dark or brownish .. bc 35.) OG

Sides of tergite 1, posterior part only of metapleurae yellowish, the sides of tergites
2-5 or 6 yellowish almost only at extreme base, and humeral tubercles darker; femora
more contrastingly darkened or blackened above; antennal club relatively more
elongate, more cone-shaped, more gradually broadened from base, not or scarcely
constricted just before middle; hairs on legs distinctly shorter, less dense, those on
hind femora much shorter, with much fewer longish ones; wings with a more distinct,
though very faint, brownish tint, the veins much darker; phallic tubes relatively much
shorter, in side view much shorter than width across about middle (side view) of
processes of sternite g; epimere also relatively shorter, in ventral view distinctly
broader; processes of sternite 9 relatively shorter, in side view more rapidly narrowed
just beyond middle to a relatively long slender apical part, the sternite itself shorter,
blunter apically; lobes of tergite g bluntly rounded apically .. 3 thorni n.sp.

Sides of tergites 1 and 2 and an intramarginal streak along 3—5 or 6 more conspicuously
yellowish or pale, the metapleural parts more extensively yellowish, and humeral
tubercles usually paler, more yellowish; femora less contrastingly darkened above;
clubs more pyriform, usually distinctly more narrowed and constricted just before
middle, then rapidly broadened; hairs on legs distinctly longer and denser, those on
hind femora distinctly longer, with more numerous longish ones; wings usually more
glassy hyaline or only very faintly tinted more yellowish, the veins paler, more
yellowish or yellowish brownish; phallic tubes distinctly longer, quite as long as, or
longer than, width across about middle of processes (side view) of sternite 9; epimere
distinctly narrower, relatively longer; processes of sternite g relatively longer, more

63.

64.

66.

67.

(a

(b

(a

)

—

a

(0)

. (a

(a

)

—

wa

a

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 73

slender, in side view more gradually narrowed to slender apical part, the sternite
itself slightly longer, more conically pointed apically; lobes of tergite 9 more angular
apically, also tending to be produced apically to a variable extent He Os
Body darker, more blackish brownish or black; legs usually with the femora more
distinctly darkened above to a variable extent; fine hairs on darker, more shiny, basal,
discal patches of tergites more whitish; veins in wings darker, more yellowish brownish
to brownish; processes of sternite 9 relatively longer, in side view more slender, more
gradually narrowed, with a longer slender apical part, the apical free part of the
sternite itself slightly longer, projecting more .. ae bi My nod:

Body much paler, the proboscis mainly pale yellowish brownish, the thorax above
more dark castaneous brownish, the pleurae and abdomen more pale reddish brownish
or pale yellowish brownish; legs, including femora, mainly or entirely yellowish; fine
hairs on the more shiny, basal, disca] patches on tergites more yellowish; veins in
wings paler, more yellowish; processes of sternite 9 relatively shorter, in side view less
slender, more rapidly narrowed, with a shorter slender apical part, the apical free
part of the sternite itself relatively shorter, projecting less

6 rubellus n.sp. (= ? flavirostris (Bezz.))
Slightly larger and longer species, usually about 14—21-5 mm; antennae relatively
longer, segment 3 proportionally longer, longer than width of interocular space on
vertex; proboscis longer, usually more than 2:4 mm; bullae paler, more orange,
orange brownish to yellowish reddish; fine hairs on tergites 4—7 distinctly longer,
relatively denser; pleurae with slightly more extensive yellowish reddish; processes of
sternite g, in side view, slightly more S-curved or sinuous, slightly more rapidly
narrowed above than below ¢ humeralis (Gerst.) and forms of it (= ¢ nivosus (Gerst.))

Slightly smaller and shorter species, about 13-16 mm; antennae relatively shorter,
segment 3 proportionally shorter, a little, but distinctly, shorter than interocular
space on vertex; proboscis shorter, about 2:4-2:°6 mm; bullae much darker, dark
reddish brownish to blackish brown; fine hairs on tergites 4—7 distinctly much shorter,
sparser; pleurae with distinctly less extensive yellowish reddish; processes of sternite 9,
in side view, relatively straighter, about rane and more gradually narrowed above
and below Be : ite Ve a & rusticanus n.sp.

Antennae distinctly ioeeee segment 3 Bomarecuallt longer, about as long as, or
distinctly longer than, interocular space on vertex; posterior metapleural part and
sides of tergites 1 and 2 more extensively or more camgerenontiy yellowish, and some-
times also with an intramarginal yellowish streak on sides of some other tergites; hind
margins of only tergites 2 and 3 and sides of 4, or 2-4, yellowish whitish; short hairs
on abdomen above, those on tibiae and hind femora slightly longer, denser .. 66

Antennae distinctly shorter, segment 3 proportionally much shorter, distinctly or much
shorter than interocular space on vertex; posterior metapleural part either entirely
dark or only obscurely yellowish and sides of tergites 1 and 2 (usually only 1) less
extensively yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 and sides of 5 yellowish whitish;
short hairs on abdomen ant on tibiae and hind femora slightly shorter, distinctly
sparser : a : : Die i OS

Bullae teens paler, orange Sites or are orange soe rte veins in wings
paler, more reddish brownish, and wings usually more clear hyaline; processes of
sternite g, in side view, distinctly straighter, less sinuous or S-curved, more or less
equally and gradually narrowed above and below to apex, an apical slender upturned
part less delimited; lobes of tergite 9 tending to be narrowed and produced apically 67
Bullae very dark, usually black and shining; veins in wings darker, more blackish
brown, and the wings sometimes tending to be very slightly tinged, especially along
veins in middle parts; processes of sternite 9, in side view, distinctly more sinuous or
S-curved, more rapidly narrowed towards apex in more or less basal two-thirds and
more so above than below, an apical slender upturned part or third being more
delimited; lobes of tergite 9 usually without a consistent tendency to be narrowed and
produced apically Fars , ; a 3 campestris n.sp. and forms of it
Humeral tubercles darker, blackish; sides of tergites 3-5 without an intramarginal
yellowish reddish streak; hind margins of tergites 2-3 and sides of 4 whitish; basal

74

68.

70.

(d

(b

)

wa

ae

Se

7

ae

—

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

part of venter, sternites 2-4, slightly darker, more brownish, at least not yellowish
along extreme sides; front and middle femora less contrastingly and less extensively
pale along outer lower surface; spines and spicules on hind legs longer, the spines on
femora fewer; antennae distinctly shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, about as
long as width of interocular space on vertex, more slender, the club also relatively
shorter, more pyriform, less rapidly broadened above a little before middle; thorax
relatively narrower, the two discal submedial bare streaks narrower; processes of
sternite g relatively shorter, in ventral view less sharply pointed .. ¢ sodalicus n.sp.
Humeral tubercles more dark reddish or reddish brownish; sides of tergites 3-5 with a
yellowish reddish intramarginal streak of variable distinctness; hind margins of
tergites 2-4 and sides of 5 whitish; extreme sides of sternites 2—5 at least with a palish
or yellowish streak; front and middle femora distinctly paler, more extensively and
contrastingly yellowish below; spines and spicules on hind legs shorter, the spines on
femora more numerous; antennae distinctly longer, segment 3 proportionally longer,
distinctly longer than width of interocular space, stouter, and club proportionally
longer, distinctly more rapidly dilated above beyond middle; thorax relatively
broader, the two bare discal streaks broader, quite as broad as lateral ones; processes
of sternite 9 longer, in ventral view more sharply pointed . . .. 6 vallicolus n.sp.

Clypeus yellowish, yellowish brownish to brownish on sides to a variable extent;
proboscis relatively more slender, shorter, only about 3 mm or less; antennae rela-
tively shorter, segment 3 relatively more slender and proportionally slightly longer;
greyish whitish tomentum discally across hind halves of tergites 3-7 denser, more
conspicuous; wings very faintly, but distinctly, tinted greyish yellowish or yellowish

3 saeculus n.sp.
Clypeus entirely dark or black; proboscis relatively stouter, very slightly longer,
about 3-2 mm; antennae slightly longer, segment 3 proportionally slightly longer,
stouter; greyish whitish tomentum discally across hinder part of tergites 3—7 fainter,
less dense, not conspicuous; wings clearer hyaline 3 saeculus n.sp. (var. of)

Dorsum of abdomen, apart from whitish, yellowish whitish or yellowish hind margins
of tergites, unicolorous, either black, blackish brown, dark castaneous brownish, or
even ochreous brownish, without the discal part or discal patches on certain tergites
being contrastingly paler, yellowish, orange yellowish, ochreous or ochreous brownish

70
Dorsum of abdomen, apart from the whitish, yellowish whitish or yellowish hind
margins of tergites, distinctly bicolorous, with the discal part of certain tergites,
either 1 and 2, or 2-4 (or 6), or even greater part of abdomen above, distinctly
conspicuously and contrastingly paler, yellowish, orange yellowish, ochreous or
ochreous brownish a sie ifs oe ok ya ae ae OG

Abdomen above distinctly less shining, tergite 1 dulled by conspicuous dense, greyish

whitish tomentum and 2-3, or 2-4, or 2—5, distinctly dulled discally to a variable
extent either by dark tomentum basally and er lint whitish tomentum apically or by

greyish whitish tomentum only a BIO
Abdomen above on the whole distinctly more . shining or entirely shina the tergites,
especially middle ones mentioned above, not dulled by tomentum .. Seay):

At least tergites 1-5 dulled discally by tomentum, tergite 1 by greyish whitish, and
2-5 also by darker or black tomentum, that on latter tergites in dark saddle-shaped
patches basally and greyish or greyish whitish ones distally or apically which often
surround former as semilunar-shaped borders; hind margins of sternites, if white,
only so across extreme sides; axillary lobe in wings distinctly narrower, narrower
basally, only a little, or scarcely, broader basally than near apex, more subspindle-
shaped oe : ; ae ie be ve ; ao 92
Only tergites 1-3 or 4 accent dulled discally by greyish or greyish scHinieh tomentum,
that on 2-3 or 4 confined to basal part or basal half, there being no dark or blackish
basal patches; hind margins of sternites as conspicuously and uninterruptedly whitish
as those of tergites; axillary lobe broader, much broader basally, much broader
basally than apically near apex, not subspindle-shaped_ .. 3 Bee PEGS

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 75

72. (a) Proboscis markedly short, only about, or less than, 2 mm; hairs on body very short,

(b
73- (a
(b
74. (a
(b

a

)

)

)

—

those on thorax above, metanotum, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2 very much shorter,
sparser; greyish or greyish whitish tomentum discally on tergites 2-5 or 3-4 less
extensive, more circumscribed as semilunar-shaped or crescent-shaped patches around
basal dark patches; hind margins of tergites 2—5 or 6 whitish or yellowish whitish;
axillary lobe in wings narrower; legs distinctly relatively shorter ph tate 3

Proboscis distinctly longer, slightly, or much more than 2 mm; hairs on body dis-
tinctly much longer, denser, those on thorax above (both on sides and along streaks),
metanotum, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2 much, or very much, longer and denser;
greyish whitish tomentum discally on tergites 2—5 distinctly more extensive or broader,
extending medially and laterally right up to yellowish hind margins, not in form of
crescent-shaped patches; hind margins of tergites 2-6 or 7 rather broadly yellowish
whitish or yellowish; axillary lobe relatively broader; legs distinctly longer, more
slender .. a sh Me ae Be a uh BA aie 7A)

Antennae very much shorter, stouter, much shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum),
segment 3 proportionally shorter, stouter, only a little, or scarcely, longer than club;
latter more spindle-shaped; proboscis relatively slightly longer, quite 2 mm; hind
margins of tergites 2-5 more narrowly yellowish whitish or whitish; bullae more
reddish or reddish brownish, usually smaller; legs darker, often dark brownish,
especially femora, the hind ones relatively thicker, the spines and spicules on legs
darker, dark brownish or dark reddish brownish; hairs on body more reduced, much
shorter on thorax above, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2, all those on head in front
whitish, the fine ones in streaks discally on thorax dark, and reversed ones on tergites
and sternites 7 and 8 relatively shorter, more yellowish; spines on oviscape usually
darker, yellowish brownish or brown; slightly longer and stouter species, reaching
20°25 mm ays : . 2 paganus (Gerst.)

Antennae distinctly longer, more slender, about as long as, or scarcely shorter than,
thorax, segment 3 relatively longer, more slender, distinctly longer than club; latter
more elongate subpyriform; proboscis distinctly shorter, less than 2 mm hind margins
of tergites 2-6 distinctly more broadly yellowish; bullae darker or blackish, usually
larger; legs much paler, more yellowish, the hind femora relatively less thickened, the
spines and spicules on legs paler, more yellowish reddish; hairs on body distinctly
longer, denser, slightly longer on thorax, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2, those on sides
of frons anteriorly and on clypeus more yellowish or fulvous, those discally on thorax
whitish, and reversed ones on last two abdominal segments slightly longer, denser,
more whitish; spines on oviscape paler, more fulvous or fulvous yellowish; slightly
more slender species, reaching only about 18-5 mm i Ae 2 inhacae n.sp.

Antennae shorter, subequal in length to, or only a little longer than, thorax, segment 3
and club proportionally shorter, the latter more ovate or subspindle-shaped, its basal
constriction very short; proboscis stouter, its labella with finer striae; sides of thorax
above and its base more broadly reddish; bullae paler, more yellowish brownish, not
black-margined; hind margins of sternites scarcely, or only obscurely, whitish on sides;
legs relatively longer, the hind tibiae with distinctly more numerous and longer
spicules; hairs on thorax above, pleurae, metanotum and tergites 1 and 2 distinctly
longer, denser, but those on legs, especially hind ones, distinctly shorter; short hairs on
abdomen above very much shorter, sparser, and whitish also on the dull black patches;
wings more distinctly tinted faintly yellowish brownish, much darker along veins, the
hind border distinctly very much narrower in apical half .. Q opacicinctus n.sp.

Antennae relatively longer, distinctly longer than thorax, segment 3 and club pro-
portionally longer, the latter more elongate pyriform, rather rapidly broadened at
about, or a little beyond, middle, its basal constriction slightly longer; proboscis more
slender, its labella more coarsely striate; sides of thorax above more narrowly reddish
and base not, or only very narrowly, reddish; bullae darker, brownish or blackish
brown, distinctly black-margined; hind margins of sternites more conspicuously
whitish on sides; legs relatively shorter, the hind tibiae with much fewer and shorter
spicules; hairs on thorax above, pleurae, metanotum and tergites 1 and 2 distinctly
shorter, sparser, but those on legs, especially hind ones, distinctly denser, with longer

75. (a)

(d)

76. (a)

77- (2)

(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ones; short hairs on abdomen above distinctly longer, denser, and those on dull black
patches more yellowish or fulvous; wings more greyish hyaline, without any, or much
fainter, yellowish borders along veins, the hind border, especially in apical half,
distinctly very much broader Bh ae He de .. Q griquaensis n.sp.

Antennae proportionally shorter, more slender, segment 3 proportionally shorter
+ 1-5-1-6mm;pleurae, especially metapleural and posterior episternal parts, to a vari-
able extent sides ofmetanotum and sides of tergites 1 and 2, or 1-3, paler, more extensively
yellowish brownish; abdomen above, except extreme blackish sides of tergites 2-4, more
dark castaneous or chocolate brownish, the integument on the whole more shining with
finer microsculpture and transverse striation; venter more yellowish brownish; femora
and to a lesser extent tibiae on the whole darker, more brownish; hairs on head, anterior
and lateral parts on thorax above, pleurae, metanotum and on tergites 1 and 2 relatively
shorter, distinctly less dense, those on disc of thorax more yellowish, fulvous to even
fulvous brownish; hairs on legs distinctly less dense; wings tinted very faintly to more
obscurely yellowish brownish, more so along veins which are darker; last vertical tergite
more shining, its keel-like central carina more prominent .. =i 2 turnert Beq.

Antennae proportionally longer, slightly stouter, segment 3 longer, -- 1-9 mm; pleurae,
excepting narrow reddish part around posterior spiracle, and metanotum mainly dark
or black, the sides of tergite 1 basally narrowly and obscurely yellowish; abdomen above
darker, entirely black, its integument mainly dull, with coarser microsculpture and
transverse striation; venter conspicuously ochreous yellowish to near apex; hind femora
and all the tibiae and tarsi very pale yellowish; hairs on head, thorax above, pleurae,
metanotum, tergites 1 and 2 longer and markedly dense, those on disc of thorax more
whitish or very pale sericeous yellowish; hairs on legs much denser; wings tinted more
yellowish than yellowish brownish, the veins paler, more yellowish or yellowish reddish ;
last genital tergite duller, its central carina less raised . . a .. Q koupicolus n.sp.

Pleurae not entirely or uniformly dulled by greyish or greyish whitish tomentum, the
sternopleuron and pleural parts in a streak obliquely up to base of humeral tubercles
distinctly smoother, more shining and less covered with tomentum; hairs on antennal
segments 1 and 2 usually pale; antennae usually relatively longer, more slender, segment
3 proportionally longer, more slender, usually much longer than club, the latter, relative
to segment 3, longer, more subpyriform or elongate pyriform, not subspindle-shaped,
the sensory area more subtruncate, more excavate, less oblique, and terminal tubercle
less prominent; whitish or yellowish whitish hind margins of tergites relatively narrower,
not or less prominently and convexly ring-like; hind claws proportionally more deve-
loped, longer its a we ie a ae bes 77
Pleurae entirely or more uniformly dulled by greyish or greyish whitish tomentum, the
sternopleuron and area above and in front of it not more shining and not less covered
with tomentum than rest of pleurae; hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2 dark; antennae
rather stoutish, relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, stouter, usually
subequal in length to, as long as, or even slightly shorter than, club and, if distinctly
longer, it is stout and pleurae entirely covered with tomentum, the club itself appearing
more subspindle-shaped, its apical sensory area more oblique and the terminal tubercle
more prominent; yellowish whitish or yellowish hind margins of tergites relatively
broader, appearing more conspicuously convexly ring-like; hind claws proportionally
shorter Ks “5 ois ais ays ae ne be ad so io)

Following parts more extensively or conspicuously yellowish or yellowish reddish: entire
clypeus or its sides extensively, more often the humeral tubercles, sometimes area around
latter, sides of thorax above, pleurae, or at least metapleural and posterior episternal
parts, extensively and sides of at least tergites 1 and 2; antennal club, in side view,
usually more gradually broadened or thickened from, or beyond, middle .. sa 678

All these parts less extensively yellowish reddish or mainly dark, the clypeus usually
darker or only obscurely yellowish brownish on sides, humeral tubercles usually dark or,
if with yellowish, their sides are entirely dark, the metapleural part less extensively
yellowish or even mainly dark and usually only extreme basal and hind angles on sides
of tergite 1 yellowish; club, in side view, usually rather rapidly and suddenly dilated
slightly beyond middle .. As ae ae a; ae oe 2% $2 1G0

78.

19:

80.

82.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 77

(a) Antennae proportionally much shorter, segment 3 relatively shorter, much shorter than

(b

(b

(b

()

(a

a

)

—

)

wa

7)

interocular space on vertex, only a little longer than club; bullae orange yellowish or
orange brownish; metapleural part below halteres mainly dark and sides of tergites 2
and 3, like the rest, without any intramarginal reddish streak; hind margins of only
tergites 2—4 distinctly yellowish whitish, that of 5 obscurely reddish brownish, especially
on sides; clypeus less extensively yellowish brownish on sides; femora less extensively
darkened above, the hind ones more extensively brownish; wings more uniformly tinted
yellowish brownish B6 cic ue 7 Bs Be He 2 saeculus n.sp.

Antennae proportionally longer, segment 3 relatively longer, subequal in length to, or
longer than, interocular space, much longer than club; bullae dark or black; meta-
pleural part below halteres more distinctly yellowish and sides of tergite 2 or 2 and 3
with an intramarginal yellowish reddish streak of variable distinctness; hind margins of
tergites 2-5 more conspicuously yellowish whitish and sometimes even 6 obscurely so;
clypeus more extensively yellowish or reddish brownish on sides; femora more extensively
darkened above, the hind ones mainly dark, less Sgn oa below; ae more
darkly tinted allorarg veins in middle parts te : 5 7)

Antennal segment 3 proportionally shorter, hea in ean to, or oat a aie Tenge
than, interocular space on vertex; club proportionally longer, with a more distinct basal
eminsehons humeral tubercles dark or black; only metapleural part below halteres
yellowish SF ae ae nee ae aN Ee 2 campestris n.sp.

Antennal segment 3 relatively longer, very much longer than width of interocular
space; club proportionally shorter, without a distinct basal constriction; humeral
tubercles yellowish; hind border of pteropleuron, prominence in front of halteres,
sutural part below these and metapleural part yellowish reddish to a variable extent

Q inopinus n.sp.
Slightly smaller, more slender species, their maximum length usually less than 25 mm;
hind femora with distinctly denser and longer hairs, some or numerous ones basally
usually longish, and usually with longer, more slender spines below; legs usually paler,
more yellowish or yellowish brownish, though the femora may be darkened above;
antennae more slender, with relatively much shorter, more pyriform or subpyriform
clubs; scutellum usually more shining; hind margins of tergites 2-6 whitish or yellowish
whitish and, if only across 2-5, hind femora with longer and denser hairs; wings, if
tinted or infuscated, usually more yellowish or faintly yellowish brownish, the veins
usually paler or more yellowish brownish to brownish .. as Ws POT

Slightly more robust or larger species, reaching a maximum length of about 25 mm;
femora with distinctly sparser and shorter hairs, without any distinct longish ones, and
with relatively stouter spines below; legs on the whole darker, more dark brownish;
antennae relatively stouter, with relatively longer, more elongate pyriform or amphori-
form clubs, with longer slender basal part; scutellum distinctly duller or only sub-
shining; hind margins of tergites 2-5 yellowish whitish; wings usually tinted more smoky
brownish or brownish, especially along the darker, more dark brownish veins

2 psammophilus n.sp.

Proboscis distinctly stouter, broader, relatively slightly longer, more than 2:68 mm, with
longer (o-8-0-88 mm) and, in side view, broader labella; antennae distinctly longer,
segment 3 proportionally longer, much or very much longer than buccal cavity .. 82

Proboscis more slender, narrower, usually slightly shorter, only about 2:48-2:68 mm,
with shorter (0:68-0:76 mm), smaller and, in side view, narrower labella; antennae
distinctly shorter, segment 3 relatively shorter, scarcely, or only a little, longer than
buccal cavity ee ie ae ite bs : é : He nigh) RoR

Femora below more contrastingly, or sometimes Mies Jace paler, more pale
yellowish brownish to yellowish, and tibiae paler, more yellowish; metapleural and
posterior episternal parts, but more especially sides of tergites 1 and 2, more extensively,
more conspicuously, or more broadly, yellowish; proboscis relatively longer, about
~—3°8 mm (or even slightly more); antennae usually longer, segment 3 proportionally
longer, considerably longer than buccal cavity, the club also relatively longer, more
gradually broadened from beyond middle; wings, if tinted, usually more yellowish, their
veins paler, usually paler yellowish brownish, reddish or yellowish; abdomen, even if

78

(b

83. (a

(b

84. (a

(b

85. (a

(

wa

)

)

)

)

wa

—

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

very dark or blackish, usually with a touch of brownish, sometimes distinctly reddish
brownish; spines of oviscape usually paler, yellowish or yellowish brownish A) £088}

Femora more extensively darkened above and hind ones entirely, or almost entirely,
darker, more dark blackish brown to almost black, and both tibiae and tarsi more
darkened; pleural parts, and especially sides of tergites 1 and 2, distinctly less con-
spicuously and less extensively yellowish; proboscis relatively shorter, scarcely about,
usually less than, 3 mm; antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter,
only a little longer than, or even subequal in length to, buccal cavity, the club pro-
portionally also shorter, more rapidly dilated beyond middle; wings, if tinted, usually
slightly more yellowish brownish, especially along the veins which are slightly darker;
abdomen usually darker or more blackish; spines of oviscape darker Q sobrinus n.sp.

Head and body, especially thorax above, the pleurae and abdomen distinctly much
darker even if with a touch of castaneous brownish on latter and pleural parts; bullae
orange brownish, orange reddish, wine red to reddish; legs usually with the femora,
including hind ones, darkened above to a variable extent and, if mainly pale, pleurae
and abdomen not pale reddish brownish; wings tinted more faintly yellowish to a variable
degree, and the veins usually more reddish or yellowish reddish; knobs of halteres
darkened above; abdomen less slender posteriorly, the last segment proportionally
shorter, stouter, and the last two with mae paler yellowish, more sericeous yellowish
to more whitish hairs .. é : , a at si aod!

Almost entire body, excepting dae or more blaekieh frons and aise of thorax above and
dark tergite 1, much paler, pale reddish brownish; bullae dark or blackish; legs paler,
more pale yellowish brownish, the femora not ecnee darkened above; wings greyish
hyaline, with pallid or very pale yellowish veins; knobs of halteres yellowish above;
abdomen more slender posteriorly, the last segment proportionally rather longish and
distinctly more slender, and the last two with more fulvous yellowish and rather sparse
hairs sls oe se ac =e se ans sis a3 @ rubellus n.sp.

Labella of proboscis much larger, distinctly more pointed, distinctly more than a fourth
length of proboscis itself; antennal segment 3 proportionally shorter, distinctly much
shorter than interocular space on vertex, with a longer thickened apical part; sides of
thorax distinctly more narrowly, often more obscurely, reddish; sides of metanotum not
or scarcely reddish; pteropleural, metapleural, posterior episternal parts and sides of
tergites 1 and 2 less extensively yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-5 or 6 relatively
more narrowly yellowish whitish; hairs on last two abdominal segments distinctly denser ;
hind femora relatively less thickened, with relatively longer and fewer, more pallid,
spines below ae ¥; ae se an © humeralis (Gerst.) and forms of it

Labella of proboscis smaller, shorter, more bluntly pointed or rounded at apex, only
about one fourth length of proboscis; antennal segment 3 proportionally longer, about
as long as, or even slightly longer than, interocular space, with relatively much shorter
thickened apical part; sides of thorax distinctly more broadly reddish; sides of metano-
tum more distinctly reddish; pleural parts, and especially sides of tergites 1 and 2, more
extensively or more broadly yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-5, especially central
discal parts of 3-5, more broadly yellowish; hairs on last two abdominal segments dis-
tinctly sparser; hind femora rather more thickened, with relatively shorter and more
numerous deeper yellowish spines below

2 simulans n.sp. (= Y nivosus (Bezz.) nec (Gerst.)

Sides of thorax distinctly reddish; posterior pleural parts and sides of tergites 1 and 2
more extensively, and also an intramarginal streak along sides of 3-6 or 7, yellowish;
hind margins of tergites 2-6 more narrowly yellowish, the medial discal parts of those of
2-5 or 6 not tending to be broadened; hind margins of sternites 1-6 more obscurely
yellowish, mainly so on sides; extreme sides of tergite 7, and sometimes also of 6, with a
distinct impressed line, consisting of a row of impressed punctures; femora more dis-
tinctly darkened above; pulvilli normally long; wings rather narrowish, slightly more
uniformly and more distinctly tinted yellowish brownish; hairs on last two tergites
relatively denser . A si ye ac ai .. Q marginipunctatus n.sp.

Sides of thorax ee or plate: posterior pleural parts and sides of tergites 1 and 2 less
extensively yellowish, and sides of tergites without a distinct and conspicuous intra-

86. (a

(6
87. (a
(
88. (a
(b

)

wa

)

—

)

—

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 79

marginal yellowish streak; hind margins of tergites 1-6 or 7 distinctly more broadly
yellowish, those of 2-5 or 6 medially discally broadened or extending patch-like
anteriorly; hind margins of sternites 1-5 or 6 conspicuously and broadly yellowish;
extreme sides of tergite 7 without a conspicuous impressed punctate line, such punctures,
if present, are fewer and not in a line; femora less, or less extensively, darkened above;
pulvilli more reduced, shorter; wings normally broad, slightly less deeply tinted yellow-
ish; hairs on last two tergites distinctly sparser os .. 9 rusticanus n.sp. (in part)

Greater part of head and greater part of, or entire, body not pale or pale ochreous
brownish, mainly dark or at least much darker; antennae, clypeus and all the other
parts not all pallid or pale yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-5 or 6 yellowish; wings,
even if almost hyaline, not markedly subopaquely milky whitish; usually tinted yellowish
or yellowish brownish to a variable extent, especially along veins, the latter much darker;
proboscis distinctly longer, more than 2 mm, not much laterally compressed, its lower
margin straight or straighter; fine hairs discally on thorax above either much paler,
more whitish or very dark and more brownish a ! a ae ey

Greater part of head and entire body, excepting the aighily eae disc of thorax,
paler, pale ochreous brownish or pale yellowish brownish; antennae, clypeus, greater
part of proboscis, humeral tubercles and legs very pale yellowish or pallid; hind margins
of tergites 2-7 (though 7 only narrowly discally) yellowish whitish; wings with a distinct
whitish subopacity basally and along veins in anterior half, the veins pallid or whitish;
proboscis much shorter, only about 1-68 mm, markedly laterally compressed, its lower
margin curved bow-like; fine hairs along middle parts of discal streaks on thorax above
fulvous yellowish af He ys us RY, ths @ pallidipes n.sp.

Hairs on head, thorax above, pleurae, metanotum and base of abdomen distinctly
longer, denser, those, on thorax above especially, distinctly longer and mainly pale,
without any dark ones; clypeus darker, more brownish or brownish on sides, the sides of
thorax above dark, the pleurae much darker to blackish and entire metanotum dark or
black; hind margins of tergites 2-6 yellowish; bullae dark or black; entire abdomen dark
or black; legs with lower part of femora and the tibiae paler, pale yellowish; antennae
relatively longer, segment 3 proportionally much longer, stouter, distinctly much longer
than length of buccal cavity, the club either much shorter than, or subequal in length to
segment 3; hind border of wings relatively much broader .. no us SA) tate}

Hairs on these parts distinctly much shorter, less dense, those, on disc of thorax especially,
being short and those along its discal streaks distinctly darker, more brownish; clypeus,
humeral tubercles, area around latter, sides of thorax above, extreme sides of metano-
tum, almost entire pleurae, sides of tergites 1 and 2 and to a lesser and more obscure
extent sides of rest of tergites pale yellowish reddish or pale yellowish brownish; hind
margins of tergites 2-5 yellowish; bullae ochreous yellowish or ochreous brownish;
terminal half of abdomen, or at least last two or three segments, more dark reddish
brownish than black; legs more brownish, the femora below scarcely much paler, and
tibiae also brownish; antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 proportionally very much
shorter, subequal to length of buccal cavity, the club subequal in length to segment 3;
hind border of wings relatively narrow a A Ls -. 9 opacus (Bezz.)

Smaller species, 2 reaching length of about 20-5 mm, with slight bluish reflections on
abdomen; humeral tubercles darker; yellowish hind margins of tergites relatively much
narrower; venter much darker, at least hinder half; femora, especially hind ones, more
contrastingly yellowish below, the spines below latter more fulvous or reddish; antennal
segment 3 subequal in length to club, the latter with at least basal sixth more constricted
and slender, distinctly more narrowed to base; hairs on last two abdominal segments
sparser, more whitish; hairs on femora, especially hind ones, distinctly denser, relatively
longer, with more numerous longish ones basally and along inner side; wings relatively
narrower near base across axillary lobe, more distinctly tinted brownish, especially
along veins in middle parts, the apical stalk of anal cell shorter, not mainly transparent

© anomalus n.sp.
Slightly larger species, 9 reaching 25 mm, without distinct bluish reflections on abdo-
men; humeral tubercles pale yellowish; yellowish hind margins of tergites conspicuously
broadish, ring-like; venter mainly pale yellowish to near apex, darkened along middle

80

8g. (a)

go.

gl.

(a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

basally; femora less conspicuously pale below, the spines below hind ones more dark
reddish brownish; antennal segment 3 stouter, much longer than club, the latter much
thicker basally, not constricted and much less narrowed to base; hairs on last two abdo-
minai segments distinctly denser, more yellowish; hairs on femora, especially hind ones,
relatively shorter, less dense and with fewer longish ones; wings relatively rather
broadish, especially across axillary lobe near base, less tinted brownish, more so along
veins in middie parts, the apical stalk of anal cell rather long, mainly transparent

° apricus D.sp.

Abdomen stouter, broader, more dorso-ventrally flattened, more extensively ochreous
yellowish above, the yellowish occupying also tergite 1 and extending io penultimate
tergite; yellowish hind margins of tergites 2-7 relatively broader, more conspicuous;
integument of abdomen above less shining, tergites 1 and 2 discally and discal basal
parts of at least 3 and 4 distinctly dulled by greyish tomentum; hind margins of ster-
nites 1-6 or 7 conspicuously, broadly and uninterruptedly yellowish; thorax above
not only broadly reddish on sides, but also along two distinct discal streaks and across
base; legs on the whole paler, more pale yellowish reddish, the hind femora usually not,
or much less, darkened above; wings with a distinct and greater milky whitish sub-
opacity, even if slightly tinted yellowish, the veins much paler; hairs on thorax above, at
least discally, more yellowish or fulvous yellowish or reddish, and with a tendency to
be less regularly arranged in well-defined streaks .. oe Se a 4 290

Abdomen distinctly more slender, narrower, more cylindrical, less extensively ochreous
discally above, tergite 1 at least and last 2-4 segments, apart from hind margins, usually
dark or black; yellowish whitish or yellowish hind margins of tergites 2—5 or 6 (rarely 7)
relatively narrower, less conspicuous; integument of abdomen above, including tergites
1 and Q, distinctly more shining or more extensively so, without dull tomentum on the
tergites; yellowish hind margins of sternites usually interrupted in middle and, if
conspicuous and uninterrupted, abdomen above more shining and less extensively
ochreous; thorax above discally without any distinct and conspicuous reddish streaks;
legs distinctly much darker, the femora usually darkened above and hind ones much or
extensively darkened above, sometimes mainly dark; wings not or only feebly sub-
opaquely whitish, even if mainly clear, usually tinted yellowish brownish to a variable
extent, often more distinctly so along veins, the latter darker; hairs on thorax above,
even discally, more whitish, usually more distinctly arranged in well-defined streaks 91

Clypeus darker reddish brownish on sides; reddish discal streaks on thorax above rela-
tively narrower, more obscure, and base of thorax less extensively reddish; only hind
border of scutellum and sides of metanotum reddish; tergite 1 with a central dark spot
on its basal half; bases of tergites 3-6 or 7 more distinctly darkened discally; tergite 8
mainly reddish brownish; bullae darker, larger; hairs on head, thorax, and especially
on sides of tergites 1 and 2, distinctly longer and denser, those on disc of thorax more
fulvous yellowish; proboscis longer, about 3-36 mm; wings less tinted yellowish, rela-
tively much longer, their apical cells relatively longer and first posterior cell less narrowed
apically .. sd Be a c 2 luteocinctus n.sp.

Clypeus paler reddish on sides; reddish discal streaks on thorax relatively broader, more
distinct along their whole length, and base of thorax broadly reddish; entire scutellum
and almost entire metanotum reddish; tergite 1 without a central dark patch; bases of
tergites 3-6 not, or scarcely, darkened discally; tergite 8 much darker reddish brownish,
almost black, with the apical discal part yellowish; bullae wine reddish, smaller, with
a puncture in upper and lower corners; hairs on head, thorax and sides of tergites 1 and 2
relatively shorter, less dense, those on disc of thorax, and even on sides, more reddish
golden or fulvous reddish; proboscis (partly destroyed in unique type-specimen), but
apparently shorter than 3 mm; wings more distinctly tinted yellowish, rather markedly
short and broad, their apical cells proportionally shorter, and first posterior cell more
narrowed apically ae .. Q latipennis n.sp. (= 2 ? subclausus (Bezz.) (in part)

Pleural parts not entirely or mainly covered with greyish tomentum, the sternopleural
part and parts obliquely upwards to humeral tubercles distinctly more shining, less
covered with tomentum; antennae distinctly more slender, segment 3 relatively more
slender, even if shortish, and club proportionally shorter, always much shorter than

93-

94-

aS

S

(a)

(5)

(a

—

)

~—

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA SI

segment 3 and usually more rapidly dilated apically or in apical half, more pyriform
or elongate-pyriform; ochreous or yellowish parts on dorsum of abdomen relatively less
extensive, at least discally, occupying less of disc, the black on sides more extensive;
wings usually more hyaline or more faintly tinted yellowish or yellowish brownish;
hind femora on the whole less thickened - Bi eno 2

Pleural paris, including sternopleural part, either more “eee aera by greyish
whitish tomentum, the sternopleural part and oblique part to shoulders not distinctly
shining, or these parts more dulled by fine areolar microsculpture; antennae distinctly
stouter, thicker, segment 3 stouter, even if longish, and club relatively longer, only a
little shorter than, or sometimes subequal in length to, segment 3, more gradually
thickened or dilated in apical part or half, its basal part or half usually thicker, less pyri-
form, more conical; ochreous dorsal parts of abdomen usually more extensive, occupying
more of the disc; wings usually more distinctly, or more darkly, tinted or infuscated
yellowish brownish or brownish, more so along veins; hind femora distinctly more
thickened Bt a Se i. ae ae Bye ee ue syeAuKe ls

Sides of thorax and sometimes also humeral tubercles entirely dark or black; clypeus
darker, either very dark, or with the sides more reddish brownish or deeper yellowish and
less extensively so; ochreous infusions on middle parts of abdomen above on the whole
narrower, less extensive, the black on sides relatively broader; legs on the whole darker,
the femora, especially hind ones, more darkened above, and tibiae more brownish than
yellowish; wings more distinctly, more obviously, or more darkly, tinted yellowish
brownish in middle parts, especially along veins .. Bt Ne We 93

Sides of thorax above distinctly reddish to a variable extent; clypeus paler, mainly pale
yellowish or reddish, or more extensively so on sides; ochreous infusions on middle parts
of abdomen above relatively broader, occupying more of discal part of tergites, the
black on sides distinctly narrower; legs on the whole paler, the underside of femora,
especially of the hind ones, more extensively paler, and tibiae also paler, more yellowish;
wings clear, greyish hyaline, or less tinted feebly yellowish along veins braunsi (Bezz.)

Only posterior episternal part, sides of tergite 1 and extreme sides of 2 yellowish; hind
margins of tergites 2-5, and sometimes discal part of 6, yellowish; tergite 6 entirely
black; venter much darker, almost black, only extreme base more brownish, and hind
margins of sternites only whitish on extreme sides; legs on the whole distinctly darker,
more brownish, even the tibiae more brownish than yellow, the femora, especially hind
ones, more extensively darkened above; antennae relatively longer, segment 3 propor-
tionally longer, much longer than buccal cavity; proboscis much stouter, longer, more
than 2:6 mm; wings tinted more dark!y yellowish brownish to brownish .. AOA:

Metapleural and posterior episternal parts and sides of tergites 1 and 2 more broadly or
more extensively yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-6, and discally on 7, yellowish;
central discal part of tergite 6 also yellowish to a variable extent, but less so than on 5;
venter slightly paler, more yellowish brownish, especially in basal half, and with hind
margins of sternites 1-6 conspicuously, almost uninterruptedly, yellowish whitish;
legs paler, more yellowish; antennae shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, about
as long as, or scarcely longer than, buccal cavity; proboscis more slender, shorter, only
about 2:8 mm; wings only very faintly tinted yellowish brownish in middle parts

@ rusticanus n.sp. (in part)
Humeral tubercles dark or black; tergite 2 without a dark central fascia; bullae larger,
orange brownish, dark-margined; wings more faintly tinted yellowish brownish; last
tergite with relatively more widely spaced and shallower transverse striation; antennae
much shorter, segment 3 proportionally shorter, distinctly shorter than interocular space
on vertex, the club shorter, more rapidly dilated from about middle; hind femora
slightly Ke thickened .. ae : ar a 9 sodalicus n.sp.

Humeral tubercles yellowish; tergite 2 ce a ieenaits black central streak; bullae small
or vestigial, more reddish brownish; wings distinctly, though slightly, more darkly
tinted brownish or smoky brownish; last tergite more coarsely, more densely and more
deeply transversely striate; antennae distinctly longer, segment 3 relatively longer,
subequal in length to interocular space, the club relatively longer, less rapidly dilated
from about middle; hind femora slightly more thickened .. .. @ vallicolus n.sp.

82

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

95. (a) Integument of pleurae and abdomen without any discernible areolar microsculpture,

(6

7)

96. (a)

97-

(b

(a

(6

—

)

—

the former, especially sternopleural and anterior part of mesopleuron, dulled mainly by
greyish whitish tomentum like rest of pleurae, and abdomen more shining; humeral
tubercles, sides of thorax above, pteropleural, metapleural and posterior episternal
parts and to a variable extent sides of metanotum yellowish reddish; hind margin of
tergite 1 yellowish like rest of tergites with yellowish hind margins; tergite 5 usually
with its base darkened to a variable extent; tergite 6 with a complete, broadish, con-
spicuous, yellowish hind margin; bullae smaller, without, or with only narrowish,
dark margin; wings, if intensely or darkly tinted brownish, with the apical clearer or
uninfuscated part contrastingly delimited; hairs on thorax above, especially sides, on
metanotum, pleurae and base of abdomen distinctly shorter, and those on last 3 abdomi-
nal segments paler whitish or sericeous yellowish; antennae relatively longer, segment 3
proportionally longer, longer than buccal cavity and much longer than club;
proboscis shorter, about 2-8-3-2 mm; hind femora slightly less thickened, much and
more contrastingly paler below; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than
claw-segment .. : de ie > ae Si BG fe so, OO

Integument of pleurae ea abdomen with distinct fine areolar microsculpture which on
the pleurae, especially sternopleuron and anterior part of mesopleuron, is the main cause
of dullness rather than the fine greyish bloom which is discernible to a lesser extent even
on rest of pleurae, and the abdomen dull, due to the microsculpture; humeral tubercles,
sides of thorax, pteropleural and to a certain extent metapleural parts and metanotum
dark or blackish; hind margin of tergite 1 dark; tergite 5 entirely ochreous like 4 and 3;
tergite 6 only yellowish discally across hind margin; bullae markedly large, reddish
brownish, with very broad black margin; wings tinted rather darkly brownish, rather
broadly so along veins, even along those in apical part; hairs on thorax, especially sides,
on pleurae, metanotum and base of abdomen distinctly longer, denser, and those on last
3 segments darker, more brownish; antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 propor-
tionally shorter, scarcely or not longer than buccal cavity, only a very little, or scarcely,
longer than club; proboscis longer, quite 3-8 mm; hind femora distinctly more thickened,
darker, not very much, or contrastingly, paler below; basal segment of hind tarsi
distinctly longer than claw-segment .. ste 3 on 2 microareolatus n.sp.

Brownish infuscation in wings ending distally rather abruptly, or truncately or sub-
truncately at about level of apex of third posterior cell and straight across to costal
margin, leaving the rest, or apical part of wings, more or less contrastingly uninfuscated
and slightly subopaquely milky whitish like hind border; clypeus distinctly shorter, its
dorsal length, from depressed base to apex of buccal cavity, subequal in length, or
scarcely longer than, antennal segment 1; tergites 2-4 with an indication or tendency to
have a dark central discal streak, either in basal half or in middle; bullae, smaller reddish
brownish, dark-margined; hind femora more broadly, or contrastingly, pale yellowish
reddish or yellowish brownish below, their spines slightly more pallid and longer
2 suffusipennis (Brun.)

Slightly more smoky brownish infuscation in wings narrower, darker along veins, not
ending so abruptly, the apical part, even if slightly whitish, not contrastingly delimited ;
clypeus relatively longer, its dorsal length distinctly longer than antennal segment 1;
tergites 2-4 entirely ochreous discally, without an indication of central darker streaks
or marks; bullae larger, entirely dark or black; hind femora more narrowly or less
extensively paler below, appearing darker, their spines more yellowish and shorter
Q flavidorsalis n.sp.

Body more extensively darkened, either mainly very dark blackish brown or black;
abdomen above and below very dark, dark blackish brown or black, the black discal
patches on tergites, if present, blending with the dark rest, not conspicuously and
contrastingly evident; legs much darker or even blackish, or at least hind femora more
extensively darkened or more blackish above ye Be : Re 2 OG:

Body on the whole much paler, with more extensive yellowish eae castaneous, or
chestnut brownish; abdomen more yellowish brownish, reddish, reddit brownish, or
castaneous brownish above and usually much paler below, more yellowish or pale
yellowish brownish, the darker or blackish discal patches on tergites, if present, more

98. (2)

(b

a

99- (2)

(0)

100. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 83

conspicuously and contrastingly evident; legs on the whole paler or much paler, more
yellowish, pale yellowish brownish to brownish and, if castaneous, usually with at least
the hind femora distinctly less dark or less extensively darkened above .. “7,100

Stouter species, with relatively stouter abdomen; legs longer, the hind femora longer,
more slender, less thickened, and entire legs much darker, the femora either much
darker or more extensively darkened or blackened above; clypeus darker, either entirely
dark or darker reddish brownish or reddish on sides; area around the yellowish humeral
tubercles and the sides of thorax above dark or black; scutellum very dark or black;
metanotum entirely black; antennae much shorter, segment 3 shorter, either shorter
than, or subequal in length to, interocular space on vertex, and the club shorter, more
pyriform or subpyriform; proboscis much shorter, stouter, very much shorter than
vertical length of eyes; wings relatively shorter; sternite 9 shorter, more bluntly conical

99:

More slender species, with relatively longer, more slender abdomen; legs shorter, stouter,
the hind femora relatively shorter, stouter, distinctly more thickened, more subspindle-
shaped, and entire legs paler, more brownish, the femora less darkened above, more
castaneous brownish above; clypeus paler yellowish; area around the yellowish humeral
tubercles extensively yellowish reddish like the sides of thorax above; scuttellum yellow-
ish or yellowish reddish; sides of metanotum reddish brownish to a variable extent;
antennae much longer, segment 3 longer, distinctly longer than interocular space, and
the club more elongate-pyriform or flask-shaped; proboscis longer, more slender, only
slightly shorter than vertical length of eyes; wings distinctly longer; sternite 9 distinctly
longer, more sharply conically narrowed we we BES ue 3 tuliensis n.sp.

Antennal club distinctly much thicker, more inflated, about or nearly half as broad at
broadest part as long, appearing shorter, more thickly conical, more rapidly narrowed
basally; proboscis stouter, slightly shorter, its length, excluding basal thecal part,
subequal to or even slightly shorter than width (length) of eyes in side view; clypeus
yellowish on sides to a variable extent; halteres more extensively brownish above;
sternite 9 narrower, more bluntly pointed apically site .. & anuliventris n.sp-

Antennal club distinctly less thickened, less inflated, more subpyriform, distinctly less
than half as broad at broadest part as long, appearing more elongated, more gradually
narrowed basally; proboscis more slender, slightly longer, its length, excluding basal
thecal part, distinctly more than width of eyes in side view; clypeus entirely dark;
halteres with less brown above; sternite 9 more inflated or bulbular apically

3 karooanus n.sp.

Not mainly light or pale reddish species; abdomen above at least darker and, apart
from dark or blackish discal part of tergite 2, usually with conspicuous, dull, dark or
black, saddle-shaped, discal patches on at least basal halves of tergites 3-5 or 6; proboscis
usually only reddish below; sides of thorax above not or only narrowly and obscurely
reddish and, if broadly orange or reddish, rest of body not mainly reddish; scutellum
more often dark; metanotum entirely dark or blackish or with less extensive reddish on
sides; legs either more yellowish, yellowish brownish or castaneous, not light reddish 1o1

(6) Mainly light reddish, pale yellowish reddish, or chestnut-brownish species; entire

abdomen, excepting sometimes segment 1, paler, light reddish, orange reddish, or
chestnut-brownish, without any dull blackish, discal, saddle-shaped patches on tergites,
such if present, more yellowish or golden gleaming; proboscis, excepting dark labella,
entirely pale, light reddish or pale yellowish reddish; broadish sides of thorax above also
light reddish, pale yellowish reddish or at least broadly much paler than disc; scutellum
usually much paler, more light reddish; metanotum paler mainly or more extensively
reddish ; legs on the whole paler, more light reddish or pale yellowish reddish .. 107

101. (a) Vestiture on body, especially on thorax discally above, abdomen beyond tergite 2, on

coxae and legs distinctly shorter, the hairs on thorax above more whitish or snow whitish
like rest of hair; proboscis distinctly longer, longer, or much longer than 1-6 mm and
usually much blackened above; first posterior cell in wings usually narrower, not much
broader, as broad as, or even a little narrower, then broadest part of second submarginal
cell; knobs of halteres darkened or very dark above si We Pie oO?

84

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(6) Vestiture on body longer, especially hairs on thorax discally, abdomen beyond tergite 2,

on coxae and legs distinctly much longer, more villose, those on thorax above and to a
certain extent on vertex distinctly more greyish yellowish to creamy yellowish; proboscis
markedly short, only about 1-36-1-6 mm and, except for dark labella, mainly or
entirely yellowish brownish, scarcely darker above; first posterior cell relatively broad,
usually broader than broadest part of second submarginal cell; halteres and knobs
entirely pallid or yellowish .. me ae we ae he S vansoni n.sp.

102. (a) Area around yellowish or dark humeral tubercles dark or black, or distinctly less

wa

extensively yellowish reddish, reddish, or orange; sides of thorax above entirely dark or
black, or only very narrowly and obscurely reddish; scutellum very dark or black;
abdomen above usually darker, dark castaneous brownish to almost black; bullae more
depressed or flattened and usually with more distinct pit-like depressions; sides basally
of tergite 3 usually with some distinct longish hairs and, if without such, other characters
conform .. ie 2 ae oe ee ine ae ee oa LOS
Area around yellowish or pale humeral tubercles distinctly more broadly or extensively
yellowish reddish, reddish, or orange reddish; sides of thorax above, to at least base of
wings, more distinctly and fairly broadly yellowish, reddish or orange; scutellum some-
times paler, more reddish brownish; abdomen above on the whole paler brownish or
paler castaneous brownish, especially in apical half or posteriorly; bullae more normally
convex, not depressed, not pitted; sides basally of tergite 3 without distinct or con-
spicuous longish hairs .. Be 106

103. (a) Clypeus darker, either very dark reddish brownish or almost black; extreme sides of

abdomen above from tergite 3 to 7 distinctly more consistently and conspicuously con-
trastingly yellowish or ochreous; venter on the whole paler, yellowish or ochreous;
bullae dull or duller, only slightly depressed, with scarcely any, or with only very
shallow indications of, pit-like depressions; short decumbent hairs on abdomen above
from tergite 3 distinctly sparser; legs, apart from dark upper surface of femora, much
paler yellowish oie ap aE cee ae 23 A ae cn Coy

(6) Clypeus paler, more yellowish, paler yellowish brownish, brownish, to castaneous;

extreme sides of abdomen above from tergite 3 more obscurely or often only slightly,
paler than disc, usually not so consistently and contrastingly yellowish, and often not
reaching tergite 7; venter on the whole darker, often pale yellowish only at base; bullae
polished and shining, more often with some more distinct pit-like depressions; short
hairs on abdomen above from tergite 3 distinctly denser; legs on the whole slightly
darker, more pale yellowish brownish than pale yellowish .. ae ate w=) LO5

104. (a) Sides of abdomen, on sides of tergite 2 and along extreme sides of 3-7, more broadly

ochreous yellowish, and venter and hypopygium ochreous yellowish; ring-like yellowish
whitish hind margins of tergites relatively broader; scutellum dark reddish brownish
and postalar calli more extensively reddish; metanotum more obscurely reddish brownish
on sides basally; clypeus very dark reddish brownish; hairs at base of abdomen longish
only on tergites 1 and 2, and hairs on venter sparser and shorter; greyish whitish
tomentum on abdomen denser; wings tinted slightly more subopaquely whitish, with
pale yellowish reddish veins; lobes of tergite 9g more bluntly rounded apically; sternite 9
more narrowed or compressed apically, keeled centrally below in apical part, its
processes relatively broader, blunter apically, more shallowly hollowed below near apex

3 capicolus n.sp. (= paganus (Bezz.) nec (Gerst.))

(6) Sides of abdomen on sides of tergite 2 only yellowish along extreme margin and extreme

sides of 3-7 more narrowly yellowish, not ochreous yellowish, and venter and hypopy-
gium also yellowish; yellowish whitish hind margins of tergites relatively narrower;
scutellum darker or blackish, and postalar calli less extensively reddish; metanotum
entirely black; clypeus darker, almost black; hairs at base of abdomen with some longish
ones also at sides basally of tergite 3, and hairs on venter denser and longer; greyish
whitish tomentum on abdomen above less dense; wings tinted slightly more yellowish,
with darker veins; lobes of tergite g more sharply pointed apically; sternite g not com-
pressed to apex, more bluntly conical, not keeled apically below, its processes relatively
narrower, more sharply pointed at apex, more distinctly grooved below to apex

3 orangiae n.sp.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 85

105. (2) Humeral tubercles pale yellowish; hind margin of tergite 1 more yellowish and those of

(0)

106. (a)

(6)

107. (a)

(0)

108. (a)

(b)

2-7 more conspicuous; clypeus tending to be paler or more yellowish
3 mauricei Beq. (more typical forms)
Humeral tubercles darkened to a variable extent; hind margin of tergite 1 darker or
more brownish and yellowish whitish ones of 6 and 7 narrower, obscure, or almost
confined to disc; clypeus tending to be darker, more brownish
& maurice: Beq. (var. of)

Hind femora relatively more thickened, less darkened above, without conspicuous
transverse annulation; hind tibiae without conspicuous transverse annulation, with dis-
tinctly longer spicules; thorax above with less extensive reddish or yellowish reddish, the
sides more narrowly and more obscurely reddish brownish; scutellum more distinctly
reddish brownish; clypeus more brownish; tergite 1 darker, more blackish above;
proboscis distinctly much shorter, only about 1-68 mm; wings more feebly tinted and
knobs of halteres scarcely darkened above; sternite 9 relatively much shorter, smaller,
its free conical part shorter, its processes, in side view, with a longer slender part, more
bent up apically; smaller species, about 16-5mm .. ane .. © stevensoni (Beq.)

Hind femora slightly less thickened, more darkened above, with rather distinct and
conspicuous transverse annulation; hind tibiae with marked transverse annulation, with
only small and minute spicules; thorax above with extensive orange or yellowish reddish,
the sides broadly yellowish reddish or orange; scutellum darker, more blackish; clypeus
more reddish; tergite 1 more brownish; proboscis distinctly longer, quite 3 mm; wings
slightly tinted deeper yellowish and with knobs of halteres darker above; sternite 9
relatively longer, its free conical part longer, its processes, in side view, with relatively
shorter and straighter slender part; larger species, about20mm _ .. 6 rudebecki (Beq.)

More light reddish or pale yellowish reddish, tergite 1 dark; bullae darker, more
blackish; tergites without distinct delimited antero-medial discal patches of golden-
gleaming tomentum, most of the surface being covered with yellowish tomentum and
denser golden-gleaming hairs; sternites with pallid hind margins, even if only on sides;
proboscis distinctly longer, projecting considerably beyond buccal cavity; wings tending
to be more distinctly tinted yellowish, more so along veins in apical part; appendix at
base of second submarginal cell usually much longer; hind femora stouter, more
thickened, with stouter base; processes of sternite 9, in side view, distinctly more S-
curved, stouter; phallic tubes comparatively longer; epimere, relative to phallic tubes,
much shorter .. atte BG a ih Nes A .. 6 matetsiensis Beq.

More chestnut or castaneous brownish, tergite 1 only dark across basal depression;
bullae more brownish; tergites 2-6 at least with more delimited or conspicuous semi-
circular antero-medial discal patches of golden-gleaming tomentum and with much
sparser and shorter hairs; sternites without any yellowish whitish hind margins; proboscis
distinctly much shorter, only the labellar part projecting beyond buccal cavity; wings
even more faintly tinted yellowish, without distinct yellowish borders along veins in
apical part; appendix at base of second submarginal cell much shorter or even wanting;
hind femora less thickened, their base distinctly more slender; processes of sternite 9, in
side view, more slender, straighter; phallic tubes relatively much shorter; epimere rather
longish .. = ie ak a: ee Ais 3 junodi Beq. (ex descr.)

Abdomen above distinctly dulled basally, or in basal half, by distinct tomentum discally
on tergites 1 and 2 or discally and basally on 1-4 or 5, only the apical half or part of
abdomen distinctly polished and shining; tergites 7 and 8, or 6-8, usually extensively
or broadly yellowish, ochreous, yellowish reddish or reddish across hinder part or half,
tergite 8 often mainly, extensively, or entirely, differently coloured from rest of tergites;
hind margins of tergites more broadly or conspicuously yellowish or yellowish whitish;
humeral area around tubercles, and often sides of thorax, more aerate or more
broadly yellowish reddish or reddish oe ye Mi ne : ae LOG

Abdomen above, excepting sometimes tergite 1, not dulled by tomentum discally, the
entire abdomen distinctly more polished and mee tergites 7 and 8 either entirely
dark or with only the normal broad yellowish hind margins or, if 7 has a broadish hind
margin, 8 is not pale or differently coloured from rest of tergites; hind margins of tergites
usually more narrowly yellowish whitish; humeral area around tubercles without or

86 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with less extensive yellowish reddish or reddish, and sides of thorax above either black
or only narrowly and obscurely reddish oie Ae a0 : he 50 HIG)

109. (a) Wings distinctly less infuscated, either greyish hyaline, tinted ae yellowish, or
tinted only in certain cells, without any conspicuous and contrasting fuscous borders
along veins; legs more slender, on the whole relatively longer, especially hind ones of
which the femora are distinctly less thickened, more clavate and tibiae long and slender;
yellowish hind margins or parts of tergites 6 and 7, or at least 7, broader, conspicuously
and extensively broader, broader than discal apical half of tergites ‘RS HEEL:

(b) Wings distinctly more infuscated, appearing much darker and, apart from a deeper
uniform yellowish or yellowish brownish tinge, with more conspicuous or very con-
spicuous contrasting fuscous borders along veins; legs distinctly shorter, stouter, especially
hind ones of which the femora are stouter, distinctly more thickened, appearing less
clavate, with thicker base, and tibiae shorter, stouter; yellowish hind margins or parts
of tergites 6 and 7, even if broadened and broader than rest, occupying less than apical
half of tergites .. ve ae sh ue ne ay ae Ly Jo UES}

110. (a) Larger wasp- or masarid-like species, with much darker, dark castaneous brownish,
blackish brownish to blackish, and also broader, abdomen; venter mainly dark; sides
anteriorly of metanotum and pleurae with less extensive reddish, the former sometimes
and the latter (excepting sometimes the ptero- and metapleural parts) mainly black;
disc of thorax above black, without even two obscure submedial reddish streaks; wings
without a very distinct subopaquely whitish tint; hairs on disc of thorax above, on sides
of tergites 1 and 2 and on hind coxae distinctly longer and denser . - eH TOTAL

(6) Slightly smaller, more slender species, with more slender and pete Bate yellowish
brownish abdomen; venter pale, even more yellowish than abdomen above; sides
anteriorly of metanotum and pleurae with distinctly more extensive reddish; disc of
thorax with indications of two submedial reddish streaks; wings distinctly subopaquely
faintly yellowish or yellowish whitish; hairs on thorax above, sides of tergites 1 and 2
and on hind coxae distinctly shorter, sparser ate a .. 2 subclausus (Bezz.)

11. (a) Wings uniformly faintly greyish yellowish or greyish hyaline, not more yellowish in
some central cells; veins darker; last tergite entirely or extensively yellowish or pale
yellowish reddish; tergites 3 and 4 either not dulled or, if so in more than their basal
half discally, they are only feebly so; hind margins of sternites conspicuously and broadly
yellowish; reddish area around yellowish humeral tubercles more extensive, broader at
base of thorax and sides more broadly reddish; antero-lateral parts of metanotum more
extensively reddish; ptero- and metapleural parts to a variable extent reddish; legs much
paler yellowish, the hind femora not, or less extensively, darkened above or laterally;
antennae shorter, the club more inflated, longer than or subequal in length to, segment
3; proboscis shorter or much shorter, less than 2-4. mm; hairs on head in front entirely
snow whitish and those on last two abdominal segments longer, either fulvous reddish or
fulvous brownish ae St ele

(b) Wings faintly greyish yellow ish, the apical half of evi ail Git bal ‘cell and lower
half or part of second basal cell distinctly tinted more yellowish; veins paler yellowish
reddish, pallid posteriorly; last tergite more brownish; tergites 3 and 4 distinctly more
conspicuously dulled in more than their basal half discally; hind margins of sternites
only distinctly yellowish whitish on extreme sides; reddish area around yellowish
humeral tubercles more circumscribed, sides of thorax more narrowly reddish, and base
also more narrowly so; antero-lateral part of metanotum more narrowly and obscurely
reddish; pleurae, excepting obscure sutural parts, entirely dark or black; legs on the
whole darker, the femora above, and especially hind ones, more extensively brownish;
antennae longer, the club less obviously inflated, more elongate-pyriform, shorter than
segment 3; proboscis longer, about 2-4 mm; hairs on vertex, sides of frons and on clypeus
above distinctly a and those on last two abdominal segments shorter, sparser
and dark ae : a P sts a © campsomeroides n.sp.

112. (a) Antennal clubs mainly or entirely orange ies ish, thicker, more inflated, subovate,
more rapidly narrowed basally, about or nearly half as broad as long at broadest part;
segment 3 also mainly orange yellow; clypeus entirely pale or orange yellowish; proboscis
relatively shorter, stouter and excluding thecal part, subequal in length to, or even

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 87

shorter than, width (length in side view) of eyes, its labella longer; sides of thorax above
not, or only very narrowly and obscurely, reddish; hairs on last three abdominal seg-
ments fulvous or fulvous reddish .. a ; Ae 9 anuliventris n.sp.

(6) Antennal clubs not mainly orange yellowish, their el and basal parts more exten-
sively darkened, less thickened, more gradually broadened from base, elongate, cone-
shaped, appearing longer, at broadest part distinctly much less than half their length;
segment 3 darker or blackish; clypeus darker, more brownish, or yellowish only on sides;
proboscis relatively longer, distinctly longer than width (length side view) of eyes,
its stem more slender, its labella distinctly very much shorter, shorter than stem; sides
of thorax above broadly or more conspicuously reddish; hairs on last three abdominal
segments darker, more fulvous brownish a an Bis Q karooanus n.sp.

113. (2) Hairs on head in front, thorax above, metanotum, tergites 1 and 2, metasternum and
coxae distinctly shorter and sparser; those on disc of thorax and on coxae fulvous reddish
or brownish; those on legs shorter and sparser, more yellowish or fulvous; yellowish
whitish hind margins of tergites 5~7 only conspicuous discally, obscure or darkish on
sides; extreme sides of tergites 2—5 or 6 not yellowish; hind margins of sternites yellowish
only on extreme sides; sternal parts, especially metasternal parts, less extensively blackish
on sides, with more reddish; pleurae also with more reddish; coxae more reddish or
reddish brownish, the legs more reddish brownish and last tarsal segment darkened
apically; proboscis much longer, longer than 1:6 mm, mainly reddish; wings slightly
less darkly tinted yellowish brownish; knobs of halteres darkened above .. Senin ek 1d:

(5) Hairs on these sites distinctly longer and denser, the species on the whole more hirsute;
those on disc of thorax and on coxae, especially hind ones, below more greyish yellowish
or creamy yellowish; those on legs relatively longer, denser, more greyish whitish or pale
sericeous yellowish; yellowish whitish hind margins of tergites 5 and 6 conspicuous also
on sides, though slightly narrower than discally; extreme sides of tergites 2-5 contrast-
ingly yellowish; hind margins of sternites more extensively and conspicuously whitish to
near middle; sternal parts, especially metasternal parts, more extensively blackish;
pleurae also more darkened or black; front and middle coxae darker, more blackish
brownish or black and legs more pale yellowish brownish; proboscis markedly short,
only about 1-6 mm long, yellowish brownish below, dark above; wings slightly more
darkly yellowish brownish; halteres and their knobs pallid or yellowish @ vansoni n.sp.

114. (2) Thorax, metanotum and abdomen, except dark tergite 1, mainly reddish or pale
reddish brownish; extreme sides of tergites darkened or blackish; tergites 5 and 6 exten-
sively yellowish above in at least apical half, and yellowish hind margins of rest rela-
tively broader; antennae relatively longer and segment 3 also relatively longer

© matetsiensis Beq. (more typical form)

(6) Thorax above, to a large extent pleurae, extensive middle and postero-lateral parts of
metanotum and greater part of abdomen very dark blackish brown or very dark
castaneous brownish; extreme sides of tergites concolorous with rest of dark abdomen;
tergites 5 and 6 less broadly yellowish and so only across hind margins, and yellowish
whitish hind margins of rest relatively narrower; antennae proportionally shorter, seg-
ment 3 relatively shorter Se Ets ae ae 2 matetsiensis Beq. (var. of)

115. (a) Proboscis much longer, about 2-2-8 mm; antennae much longer, more slender;
abdomen more elongate, narrower; clypeus brownish or castaneous brownish; pale
area around yellowish humeral tubercles distinctly less extensively yellowish brownish,
or even black; posterior metapleural part, below halteres, yellowish brownish or yellow-
ish to a variable extent; sides of tergite 1 basally, sometimes also laterally, more con-
sistently yellowish; hind margins of tergites either more broadly yellowish or brownish
or reddish, usually not broader so on sides than discally; venter usually paler basally,
more brownish, and hind margins of sternites only whitish on extreme sides; last two or
three abdominal segments more coarsely wrinkled; shortish hairs on sides basally of
tergite 1 longer, whitish, and reversed hairs on abdomen posteriorly slightly longer,
denser .. uss bi, Ns ak he Be bie aN as TET O

(6) Proboscis very much shorter, only about 1-32-1-6 mm; antennae much shorter, seg-
ment 3 proportionally stouter; abdomen less elongate, “ahreyearsanne tM broader; clypeus
much enkee or blackish; pale area around pale yellowish brownish humeral eu bercles

88 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

more extensive; posterior metapleural part entirely dark or black; sides of tergite 1 more
reddish brownish, only across base; hind margins of tergites more narrowly yellowish,
tending to be narrower and duller discally than laterally; venter entirely very dark, the
yellowish whitish hind margins of sternites more conspicuous, only relatively narrowly
darkened in middle; last two abdominal segments more shallowly and more feebly
wrinkled; shortish hairs on sides basally of tergite 1 shorter, more yellowish brownish,
and reversed hairs at apex of abdomen slightly shorter and sparser @ kaokoensis n.sp.

116. (a) Wings with the cells in hinder half clear in middle ie ae a 56 RG
(6) Wings distinctly more uniformly infuscated or tinted,no clear areas in cells evident 118

117. (a) Hind margins of tergites distinctly and consistently yellowish; humeral tubercles

yellowish 2 mauricei Beq. s.str.

(6) Hind margins of tergites more reddish brownish; humeral tubercles sometimes darkened
to a variable extent Bie at “ys sas sie 2 mauricet Beq. (var. 4 of)

118. (a2) Hind margins of tergites conspicuously yellowish; humeral tubercles tending to be
darkened to a variable extent .. ie we ods Q mauricet Beq. (var. 3 of)

(6) Hind margins of tergites darker, more consistently reddish brownish; humeral tubercles

yellowish .. 2 maurice Beq. (var. 2 of )

Groups and species of AFROLEPTOMYDAS

In his revision of Leptomydas (now Afroleptomydas) Bezzi (1924b: 204, 206,
208) assigned the various South African species known to him to three distinct
groups—Group I: luctuosus; Group Il: westermanni and Group III: humeralis. In
this memoir the luctuosus group, which shows certain distinct generic characters,
is transferred to a separate new genus Oreomydas. The other two groups have
been retained and constitute the two great categories in which all the known
species of Afroleptomydas can be accommodated.

Afroleptomydas westermanni Group

This is “Group IT’ of Bezzi which includes all those species showing the
following combination of characters:

Thorax above without distinct and conspicuous, delimited, longitudinal,
bare streaks between the hairs, the latter usually longish and dense, appearing
more uniformly and extensively distributed.

Abdomen above in both sexes shining, or more extensively shining or sub-
shining, without discal patches or rings of dull dark, or greyish whitish,
tomentum.

Pleurae more extensively shining, without any, or with less extensive greyish
whitish tomentum.

Femora with the hind ones usually more distinctly thickened or even
markedly incrassate sometimes.

The following species are referable to this group:

Afroleptomydas rufithorax (Wied.) n.comb.

Mpdas rufithorax Wiedemann, 1821: 117.

Midas rufithorax Wiedemann, 1828: 242. Wiedemann, 1831: 49, pl. 54, fig. 15.
Cephalocera rufithorax Westwood, 1841: 55. Walker, 1854: 375. Gerstaecker, 1868: 79.
Leptomydas rufithorax Bezzi, 19245: 207.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 89

This rust-reddish or fulvous-haired Cape species can be easily identified from
Wiedemann’s description of the 3. The real @ is apparently still undescribed
and is represented by three specimens in the collections before me. The @ speci-
men from Cape Town referred to this species by Bezzi obviously belongs to an
entirely different species which Wiedemann described as Midas fasciatus in 1828
and with which I am dealing farther on.

The species rufithorax is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the abdomen above in ¢ and the anterior half
or more of the pleural and sternal parts in both sexes sometimes more blackish
brown to dark reddish brownish; antennae usually mainly dark, but in 9 and
some j¢ more reddish brownish, the clubs in 9 orange yellowish, but dark
reddish to yellowish reddish in basal half in 3; clypeus mainly yellowish reddish
in Q, infused with yellowish reddish or reddish brownish in ¢§ to a variable
extent on sides, in some 39 almost entirely reddish brownish; rims of buccal
cavity in both sexes blackish; proboscis reddish below, more extensively so in 9;
the following parts yellowish reddish: humeral tubercles, in 9 the broad sides
and two submedial streaks (fading out posteriorly) and base of thorax above,
postalar calli in 3, narrow hind border of scutellum in Q, sides and midline of
metanotum in 9, middle and hinder parts of pleurae in 9, metapleural part in
3, metasternal part in both sexes, anterior lateral basal part of tergite 1 in 4,
entire sides of same tergite in 9, a streak cn sides of abdomen in 2 (becoming
much broader on last three segments and occupying almost entire last two),
a similar, but reduced streak in $ occupying only hind corner halves of anterior
segments, but more extensive in posterior corners of last three segments, genitalia
in both sexes, greater part of venter and legs in both sexes; hind margins of
tergites 2—7 in 3 and 2-6 in 9 yellowish whitish on sides, the middle parts being
dark; hind margins of sternites also yellowish whitish on sides; front coxae
and an inner streak in apical half of hind femora in 3 however dark to a variable
extent; bullae wine red.

Integument of middle part of frons, the scutellum, tergite 1 in 3, entire
abdomen above in 2 and more or less anterior upper half of pleurae shining;
that of abdomen above in J less shining, due to fine setiferous puncturation.

Vestiture with the hairs longish and dense in both sexes, though slightly
shorter and less dense on thorax above, tergite 1 and sides of 2 in 9; those on
head above to antennae, or in 9 extending down to sides of clypeus, those on
thorax above, on pleurae, coxae, sides of abdomen basally and to a large extent
on venter fulvous yellowish, rust reddish to fulvous reddish; those on propleural
prominence, on prominence in front of posterior thoracic spiracle, on sides of
metanotum and even on sides of abdomen basally in some $3 appearing more
whitish ; hairs on head below in both sexes, but sometimes on sides of clypeus in
3, and on lower half of head behind whitish; shortish hairs on rest of abdomen
above in J paler, more yellowish than fulvous; reversed ones on last two seg-
ments in 9 more brownish fulvous; hairs on legs in 3 dense and long, especially
on hind femora, with longish ones on inner sides of tibiae as well, those in 9

90 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

shorter, mainly fulvous or yellowish, sometimes in some gg appearing paler,
more whitish on femora; a dull greyish tomentum present on non-shining parts
of body.

Head with the antennae a little shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 thickened, about 2-5-3 times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish,
thickened segment-like apically, longer than club; latter inflated, pyriform,
broadest just before middle in 3, at about middle in 9, from there rapidly
sloping up from below to terminal tubercle for a longer distance than above;
proboscis longish, much longer than vertical length of eye, with only sparse

Fic. 1 (same proportions)

Left: Side view of hypopygium of ¢ Afroleptomydas rufithorax (Wied.). Right: Side view of hypo-
pygium of ¢ Afroleptomydas rufihirtus n.sp.

and short hairs below; palps distinct, at least as long as antennal segment 2;
postvertical bristles very distinct.

Wings rather broadish, distinctly, though sometimes very faintly, tinted
yellowish to yellowish brownish, more so in middle parts, due to diffused fuscous
borders along veins; veins yellowish, the hinder ones darker; hind margin of
wings narrower than first and third posterior cells; first posterior cell widely
open apically on costal margin; apex of first submarginal cell sometimes tend-
ing to be narrower than second; discoidal cell usually stalked apically, some-
times scarcely so; knobs of halteres dark above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly much thickened, a little more so in g,
the double row of reddish spines below from very near base; hind tibiae slightly

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA gI

curved; basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Bullae markedly elongate in both sexes, in 3 vertically longer than antennal
segment 3, in 9 subequal to it, the space between them in ¢ narrower than their
vertical length, in 2 very much broader.

Oviscape in 2 with 9 or 10 spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 1, left), with the anal lappets above rather long,
well developed; lobes of tergite 9 triangular, rather shortish, angularly pointed,
the angle between them dorsally subrectangular; sternite 9 conical, rounded
apically, slightly longitudinally wrinkled or grooved ventrally, with dense
hairs on sides below their processes or prongs; latter in side view longish and
slender, at least apical half slender, curved upwards towards apex, in dorsal
view directed inwards, narrowed and rounded apically, flattened and depressed
above to near apex and punctured on outer apical part above, in ventral
view grooved to near apex; aedeagal apparatus prominently projecting, apex of
dorsal epimere reaching or nearly reaching apex of anal lobes.

In the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-5-18 mm
Length of wing: about 10-13°5 mm
Distribution: Cape Province: Cape Peninsula (November—February).

Afroleptomydas rufihirtus n.sp.

A rust reddish or reddish-haired Cape species which resembles rufithorax
superficially, but, apart from its larger size, may be distinguished from the
latter in the following respects:

Body also mainly black or dark, with the abdomen distinctly more slender,
more elongate, the head and thorax similarly coloured, but clypeus in g more
consistently entirely dark, the humeral tubercles in both sexes more consistently
yellowish reddish and sides of thorax above in 2 more narrowly reddish and
metanotum in Q scarcely or not reddish on sides; clubs of antennae in both
sexes more consistently lividly orange yellowish; abdomen with hind margins
of tergites 2-7 and to a certain extent 8 in f and 2-6 in Q, apart from the whitish
extreme apical margins, entirely broadly and conspicuously, almost orange
yellowish, broadened out on sides, their discal parts not dark, that on 2 spot-
like; bullae shining black, not reddish, larger and more narrowly separated
above; tergite 7 in 9 discally in basal half more extensively darkened than in
rufithorax, and sides in apical part of 6 and 7 in ¢ more extensively yellowish;
venter as in rufithorax; pleurae similarly coloured; legs also mainly pale reddish
brownish, but front coxae in 2 dark as in g, and with a dark streak or infusion
on inner apical half of hind femora.

Integument of the abdomen above, in 4 at least, less uniformly shining, being
broadly dull across broadish yellowish hind margins of tergites; integer of
other parts as in rufithorax, with the same parts shining.

Vestiture as long and dense as in rufithorax, but hairs on sides of tergite 3 in g
distinctly longer and denser, and short hairs on rest of abdomen also propor-

92 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

tionally longer and denser; all the hairs, excepting snow whitish ones on head
behind, slightly deeper rust-coloured red or reddish, more fulvous reddish to
orange, even those on head below more yellowish than whitish; hairs on legs as
dense, but also with much longer ones on hind femora in both sexes, and with
longer and denser ones on inner sides of hind tibiae, with most of the hairs on
legs fulvous reddish, only the longish ones on femora being slightly paler, more

yellowish.
Head with the antennae a little longer, quite as long as or even a little

longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 also thickened and with
the same relationship to 2; segment 3 distinctly very much longer, slightly more
slender, about or a little more than its apical third thickened; clubs shaped as in
rufithorax, but relatively longer, and very much shorter than segment 3; pro-
boscis relatively and distinctly longer; palps much longer than antennal seg-
ment 2.

Wings similarly tinted yellowish brownish, but on the whole slightly darker,
especially in middle parts as diffused fuscous borders along veins, bemg clearer
basally and along hind border; veins reddish; first posterior cell also broadly
touching costal margin; second submarginal cell rather narrow basally; apex of
discoidal cell with a more consistent stalk; knobs of halteres blackish brown
above.

Legs relatively longer, but with the hind femora also thickened, and with
the double row of spines below strong and dark reddish; basal segment of hind
tarsi also distinctly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with apparently only 8 spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 1, right) very similar, but lobes of tergite 9 rela-
tively longer and slender part of processes of sternite 9 (side view) slightly less
slender, more gradually narrowed from broad basal part, the upper surface
more distinctly and more deeply grooved.

From 4 53 and 1 9, including the types, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 19-21-5 mm
Length of wing: about 14-15 mm

Distribution: Southern Cape: on sand dunes among vegetation at Pearly
Beach in the Bredasdorp division (South African Museum, December 1958).

This species may be looked upon as the southern coastal respresentative
of the Cape Peninsula rujithorax.

Afroleptomydas westernmanni (Wied.) n.comb.

Mydas westermanni Wiedemann, 1819: 2
Midas westermanni Wiedemann, 1828: 243. Wiedemann, 1831: 49, pl. 54, fig. 16.
Cephalocera westermanni Westwood, 1841: 55. Walker, 1854: 375. Gerstaecker, 1868: 78.
Leptomydas westermanni Bezzi, 19245: 206.

sl

This species, the second oldest mydaid to be described and the first one in
the Southern Hemisphere, has a marked resemblance to a bee. Of this species

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 93

there is only one ¢ specimen in the collections of the South African Museum,
without any locality label, but which Bigot labelled as ‘Cephalocera longiventris’ .
Bezzi in his revision referred it to westermanni. As it agrees in essentials with the
description of Wiedemann I am also retaining it provisionally in this latter
species. It may be easily recognized and distinguished from the other densely-
haired forms in this section by the following characters:

Body rather plump, more bee- or asilid-like, with relatively stoutish abdo-
men for a 3, mainly black; clypeus, proboscis below, antennae, pleural parts
and to a certain extent tergites 6 and 7 discally more dark reddish brownish;
extreme sides basally of tergite 1 and broadish streak on sides of the other
tergites, becoming more diffuse and extensive on 6 and 7 and venter, more
yellowish; postalar calli and narrow hind border of scutellum reddish; hind
margins of tergites 1-7 (more broadly on 1-5) reddish brownish across discal
part, but very pale yellowish whitish, or almost white, on sides of 1-5; bullae
reddish or wine red, very broadly separated; hypopygial structures more
yellowish reddish; legs castaneous brownish, the femora below, basal parts of
hind ones and all tibiae and tarsi more yellowish.

Integument of upper anterior parts of pleurae and scutellum shining; that of
abdomen, especially on sides and posteriorly, also shining to a certain extent,
but more dulled above by fine, transverse, rugulose sculpture.

Vestiture with markedly dense, longish and shaggy hairs on head, thorax,
pleurae, metanotum, tergites 1 and 2 and base of venter, which are denser than
in most other species; all these hairs yellowish; those on sides of frons anteriorly,
face, head below and behind and to a certain extent discally on tergites 1 and 2
more whitish; hairs on tergites 3 to apex shorter than those basally, but more
dense than in other species, dark or blackish brown, those on sides longer than
discally; hairs on venter longer than above, also blackish brown, denser
posteriorly; hairs on legs, especially coxae and hind femora, very dense and
long, longer than in most other species, yellowish on coxae, femora below and to
a large extent on basal half and lower surface of hind ones, shorter ones on
femora above and especially on hind ones on apical half and sides brownish;
hairs on tibiae mainly yellowish, but long ones along inner and lower sides of
hind ones more brownish.

Head broad; eyes large, distinctly more shining than in most other species,
due to the facets being more flattened and each visible as a minute hexagon;
antennae shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum), with segment 1 thickened,
about or quite 3 times length of 2; segment 3 slender, thickened apically, much
longer than club; latter inflated, pyriform, in side view broadest a little beyond
middle, then sloping up to terminal prominence, this region greyishly minutely
pubescent; proboscis longer than vertical length of eye, its labella relatively
large, broad, ovate; palps relatively large, longer than antennal segment 2;
postvertical spines present, bristle-like. |

Wings short and broadish, at least in 3, greyish hyaline, but very faintly
tinted yellowish in middle parts; veins yellowish reddish; apex of first posterior

94 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

cell touching costal margin broadly; apex of discoidal cell stalked; knobs of
halteres with a brownish spot above.

Legs with the hind femora much thickened, incrassate, spindle-shaped, the
double row of reddish spines below from near base; hind tibiae slightly curved;
basal segment of hind tarsi much longer than claw-segment.

Hypopygium of g with the lobes of tergite 9 markedly short, much shorter
than in most other species, bluntly rounded posteriorly; sternite 9 conical,
narrowed and rounded posteriorly, covered with longish hairs, especially on
sides below, the processes, in side view (text-fig. 2, top left), gradually narrowed,
curving up in apical part, in dorsal view flattened, directed inwards, bluntly
pointed, hollowed out or depressed above.

Length of body: about 15-5 mm in the single §
Length of wing: about 11 mm in the single 3
Distribution: Cape: ? probably south-western Cape.

Afroleptomydas apiformis n.sp.

This species, also represented by only a solitary ¢ specimen from the
north western Cape in the collections before me, is almost indistinguishable from
westermannt and obviously is the latter’s northern representative. It, too, has a
marked resemblance to a species of andrenine-bee, and may be distinguished
from its counterpart westermanni as follows:

Body with the pleurae darker, not so castaneous brownish; scutellum
entirely black, not piceous reddish across hind margin; entire abdomen above
black, not yellowish or yellowish brownish on sides; bullae black, not orange or
yellowish brownish, also longer vertically; hind margins of tergites discally
darker or black and only sides of those of 2 and 3, not 2-5, whitish or yellowish
whitish; venter darker, more castaneous brownish, being almost blackish
posteriorly; hypopygium much darker darker, almost black; legs relatively
darker, more brownish, the coxae black and femora above, especially hind
ones, more extensively darkened, more dark brownish.

Integument of thorax above with slightly coarser setiferous granules; that of
abdomen above with very similar ‘nadelrissig’ sculpture.

Vestiture on head, thorax, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2 as long and as dense,
though that on thorax above slightly shorter, less dense, the hairs on vertex,
frons, sides of face basally, thorax above, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2 also
yellowish, even more so than in westermanni; hairs on rest of abdomen above,
however, distinctly much shorter, entirely black, not with a slight dark brownish
tint; hairs on venter distinctly very much shorter and denser, especially in
apical half, also mainly black; hairs on coxae and legs distinctly very much
shorter and less dense, there being no longish and dense villose hairs on coxae
and femora as in westermanni, those on coxae below being mainly dark, not
yellowish whitish, and those on femora also mainly dark or blackish brown.

Head with the interocular space on vertex relatively broader and space on
head below relatively narrower, their relationship being 50:32 (47:38 in

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 95

westermannt) ; antennae relatively longer, though only about as long as thorax
(in westermanni distinctly shorter than thorax) ; segment 1 relatively longer, about
2-5 times length of proportionally longer segment 2; segment 3 proportionally
longer, also longer than club; latter shaped as in westermanni, but with a slightly
longer, more distinct constricted base; proboscis only a very little shorter, its
labella, however, with apparently more distinct spinules; some postvertical
spines also present.

Wings tinted distinctly darker, more smoky brownish, more extensively so
and more uniformly so, even alula, axillary lobe and hind border up to level of
apex of third posterior cell being distinctly tinged; veins more brownish; knobs
of halteres more extensively dark above.

Legs with the hind femora as stoutish, the double row of reddish spines
below on distinctly less prominent tubercles.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 slightly more pointed apically and
black-haired; sternite 9, much shorter, its prongs (text-fig. 2, middle left) also
relatively shorter, with shorter, apical, slender part (side view) which is less
curved up and which in dorsal view is slightly narrower.

Single ¢ holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm
Distribution: North-west Cape: O’Ograbies (G. van Son, 11th December

1944).

Afroleptomydas boothi n.sp.

A smallish black and densely dark-haired species, represented in the
collections before me by $3 only, which also comes in this westermanni section
in which the abdomen is rather stoutish and the pale yellowish whitish or
whitish across hind margins of tergites is confined to sides. Named after Mr.
Clive Booth of the South African Museum who collected it. It can be easily
distinguished from all other species in this category by the following characters:

Body relatively short and plump, the abdomen relatively stoutish and
tapering, asilid-like in appearance, almost entirely black, but the underside of
proboscis to a variable extent, postalar calli, metapleural and metasternal parts
and extreme base on sides of tergite 1 to a variable extent sometimes more dark
reddish brownish; venter to a variable extent more yellowish brownish; hypopy-
gial structures with the outer sides of lobes of tergite g and lower ventral part of
sternite 9 also yellowish to yellowish brownish and upper outer margin in apical
half and upper surfaces of prongs of sternite 9 more reddish to reddish brownish;
hind margins of tergites 2-7 pale yellowish whitish or white only on extreme
sides; bullae deep reddish; legs with the femora darkened or black above to a
variable extent, sometimes almost entire hind femora dark, the lower surfaces
of femora and bases, or sometimes basal part, outer and lower surfaces of hind
ones to a variable extent castaneous to yellowish brownish, and tibiae and tarsi,
especially front and middle ones, more yellowish; hind tibiae sometimes more

96 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

castaneous or darkened above and claw-segment of hind tarsi usually darkened
above.

Integument of middle part of frons, to a certain extent clypeus, proboscis,
scutellum, abdomen and upper anterior half of pleurae shining; that of thorax
above with acicular setiferous puncturation, becoming slightly coarser, more
subgranular anteriorly; that of abdomen above with acicular to ‘nadelrissig’
puncturation, becoming much sparser posteriorly.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, metanotum, tergites 1 and
2 and base of venter long and dense, dull yellowish brownish, greyish brown to
fulvous brownish in certain lights; those on clypeus (sometimes), head below,
lower part of head behind and sometimes even those on sides of abdomen more
whitish or appearing more whitish in certain lights; hairs on tergites 1 and 2
discally appearing either dark or greyish in different lights; shorter ones on rest
of abdomen above yellowish or whitish; hairs on venter either entirely dark or
mainly pale, even whitish or pale only posteriorly; hairs on legs dense and
longish on coxae and femora, but without long and conspicuous ones on inner
sides of hind tibiae as in westermanni and rufithorax, mainly dark or dark brownish,
but in one paratype mainly greyish.

Head with the antennae a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment I slightly thickened, about 2-6~—3 (or even a little more) times length of
2; segment 3 longish, slender, at least as long as, or a little longer than, width of
eye, thickened apically, longer than club; latter inflated, pyriform, in side view
broadest a little beyond middle below, from there more gradually sloping to
apex than above and for a much longer distance; proboscis relatively long,
slightly longer than antennae or much longer than vertical length of eye, with
only very sparse hairs below; palps relatively long, distinctly much longer than
antennal segment 2.

Wings shortish, relatively broad, smoky brownish, more so in middle parts
and darker in some §¢ than in others; veins brownish; apex of first posterior
cell broadly touching costal margin; apex of discoidal cell with a relatively long
stalk; knobs of halteres black above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below reddish brownish and from near base; hind tibiae very slightly curved;
basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 tending to be equilaterally triangular,
their posterior angles acute, junction of their inner margins almost or about
rectangular; sternite g bulbous, conically narrowed and bluntly rounded api-
cally, its processes in dorsal view directed inwards to near apices, then straight,
slightly pointed apically, slightly longitudinally grooved, in side view (text-fig. 2,
bottom left) gradually narrowed, appearing slender in less than apical half,
curving downwards, then horizontal or slightly upwards.

From 6 33, including the holotype, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 11-5-13°5 mm
Length of wing: about 7-5-9 mm

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 97

Distribution: Southern Cape: Pearly Beach in the Bredasdorp division
(South African Museum, December 1958). Collected from under small restia-
ceous shrubs growing on the coastal sandy dunes.

The colour of the pubescence in this species appears to be slightly variable.
One paratype differs from the other j¢ in having the hairs on sides of frons,
entire clypeus, metanotum, pleurae, coxae and abdomen more greyish whitish
to white.

Fic. 2. Side and dorsal views (all to same scale) of right process of sternite 9 of $¢ of:
Afroleptomydas westermanni (Wied.) (top left). Afroleptomydas lanipes (Bezz.) (top middle). Afro-
leptomydas villosus n.sp. (top right).

Afroleptomydas apiformis n.sp. (middle left). Afroleptomydas omeri (Stuck.) (middle middle).

Afroleptomydas anthophilus n.sp. (middle right).
Afroleptomydas boothi n.sp. (bottom left). Afroleptomydas fasciatus (Wied.) (bottom middle).
Afroleptomydas gessi n.sp. (bottom right).

98 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas omert (Stuck.) n.comb.
Leptomydas omeri Stuckenberg, 1955: 243.

A striking and relatively large, fairly widely distributed species, with
striking fulvous reddish hair on the thorax and snow whitish ones at base of
abdomen, which is partly montane, occurring in mountainous parts and in
valleys between mountains and which sometimes visits flowers, especially those
of species of Mesembryanthemum. The original description of Stuckenberg was
based on the ¢ only. Since then some other jg and also 3 99 have been collected.

Superficially the species resembles rufithorax and even more so the new
species rufihirtus. A redescription of the species to include the as yet undescribed
2 and to compare it with rujihirtus is as follows:

Body also mainly dark or black, with antennal segment 2 entirely or in
part sometimes also reddish as in rufihirtus; clubs mainly orange reddish in both
sexes; clypeus distinctly yellowish reddish to reddish or reddish brownish like
the proboscis below; humeral tubercles yellowish or yellowish reddish in both
sexes; sides of thorax above broadly reddish in both sexes, in the 3 more
conspicuously so than in ¢ of rufihirtus, and in 2 without the two submedial,
abbreviated, reddish streaks of the 9 of the latter species; extreme sides of meta-
notum reddish to a variable extent in both sexes; hind margins of tergites 2-7
in g and 2-6 in 9 even more broadly yellowish or orange, the basal margin of
these bands usually more orange and on sides of 5—7 in g and 5 and 6 in 9 the
bands extend broadly basalwards; pteropleuron, metapleural, hypopleural and
metasternal parts to a variable extent and sides of tergite 1 also yellowish
brownish, yellowish reddish or reddish in both sexes; bullae large, usually
shining black (but sometimes more dark brownish or yellowish brownish or
even reddish), narrowly separated above in 3, usually more broadly so in Q;
last tergite and apical half of penultimate one in 9 sometimes reddish brownish,
but sides of last tergite in 9 also dark reddish brownish like last sternite; venter
pale yellowish brownish in 3, but sometimes much darker, more dark reddish
or castaneous brownish in 9, the hind margins of sternites broadly yellowish
whitish on sides in 3, the middle part of sternites 2-4 and that of entire 1 being
dark or black; hypopygial structures mainly yellowish- or reddish brownish;
legs mainly yellowish reddish or reddish brownish in both sexes, the front and
middle coxae, however, blackish brown to black.

Integument of middle part of frons, postalar calli, scutellum, greater part of
pleurae in both sexes, entire tergite 1 and sides of 2 and 3 in both sexes, but
sometimes greater part or entire abdomen above and below in Q, shining; that of
tergites 2 and 3 above in both sexes and in some 99 also base of 4 above as well
as rest of tergites in 3, excepting the yellowish rings, dull black and unlike those
of rufihirtus.

Vestiture dense and longish on head, thorax, metanotum, pleurae, tergite 1
and sides of 2 (not on 3), basal half of venter and on coxae (those on thorax in
°, however, slightly shorter, less dense), mainly fulvous yellowish to strikingly

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 99

fulvous reddish, but sometimes slightly paler, more yellowish or yellowish
whitish on clypeus in 9, contrastingly snow whitish on tergites 1 and 2 in both
sexes and sometimes also more whitish on head below and behind eyes; rela-
tively dense; shortish hairs discally on tergites 2 and 3 in g appearing dark on
dark tomentum, but like rest of hairs on abdomen above tinted pale yellowish
whitish, yellowish to fulvous reddish; those on 2-4 discally in 2 dark, sometimes
more dark velvety brownish; the reversed ones on last two segments, however,
longer and denser, more fulvous brownish; hairs on venter whitish at base,
becoming more fulvous yellowish or reddish posteriorly; hairs on legs relatively
dense, but slightly shorter than in rufihirtus, in 3 at least, but entirely fulvous
yellowish or reddish.

Head with the antennae a little shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 thickened, about 2-5-3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate,
stoutish, a little less than its apical third thickened; club slightly elongate-
pyriform, in side view broadest around middle and there more dilated below,
shorter than, or sometimes scarcely shorter than, segment 3, its base constricted
bottle-neck-like and sometimes with the slightly narrower segment-like articula-
tion between club and segment 3 distinctly evident; proboscis rather stoutish,
shortish, shorter than antennal segment 3 and club combined, and longer than
vertical length of eyes, about 3:08-4:28 mm, with some long hairs basally
below; palps distinct, longer than, sometimes quite twice the length of, antennal
segment 2, narrowed apically; postvertical spines present.

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish brownish, more so in middle parts and
along the veins, slightly darker in 9 than in J, often more spot-like at bases of
second submarginal and first posterior cells, and sometimes with apical part of
first submarginal cell more darkly infused in 9, the wings in § appearing less
dark than in rufihirtus; veins yellowish to yellowish reddish in anterior part,
darker, more brownish in hinder and apical parts; second submarginal cell
narrowed basally; first posterior cell broadly open apically; apex of discoidal
cell distinctly, even if only shortly, stalked; knobs of halteres very dark brown
above.

Legs relatively long and stoutish, with the hind femora distinctly thickened,
their double row of spines reddish or dark reddish; hind tibiae almost straight
or only very slightly curved, their spicules stoutish and numerous; basal seg-
ment of hind tarsi much longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 7-9 rather broadish and shortish, spatulate, brownish
spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 as figured by Stuckenberg, with the lobes of tergite 9
angularly pointed apically; sternite 9 rather suddenly narrowed in apical part,
conically rounded, more or less transversely wrinkled basally and longitudinally
on sides below in apical part, their processes, in side view (cf. text-fig. 2, middle
middle) curved slightly upwards in apical third, narrowed and bluntly pointed
apically in dorsal view.

From 9 gg and 3 99 (gS holotype, ¢ allotype, 1 g paratype, 4 dd and 2 99

100 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

in the South African Museum, 2 j¢ in the Transvaal Museum and 1 ¢ in the
National Museum of Rhodesia).
Length of body: about 22-29 mm
Length of wing: about 15-19 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: Haarlem along Swart- and Langebergen
(P. Graham, September 1953) (g holotype and 1 ¢ paratype); near Haarlem
(C. B. Cottrell, 26th October 1953) (Q allotype) ; Seweweekspoort (G. van Son,
November 1940) (2 gd); Constable, north of Touws River (South African
Museum, December 1962) (3 gg and 1 2 on reddish flowers of a species of
Mesembryanthemum); western Cape mountains at Voélvlei between Bains
Kloof and Tulbagh Kloof (November 1948) (1 ¢); Pakhuis Pass near Clan-
william (C. D. Michener, November 1966) (1 9). Northern part of Little
Karoo: Slypsteen Towerwaterkloof in Willowmore district (South African
Museum, October 1938) (1 3).

Afroleptomydas lanipes (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas lanipes Bezzi, 19245: 207.

A densely-haired species reminiscent of westermanni and rufithorax and which
is unfortunately represented in the collections before me by 3g only, the unique
3 holotype and 2 other gd.

Bezzi has given a diagnostic description of it. It is one of the comparatively
smallish, asilid-like species of which the typical form, as based on the type, shows
the following distinguishing characters:

Body shortish, the abdomen stoutish and tapering, mainly dark and
habitually held with the apical part bent downwards; head, thorax above,
scutellum, metanotum and basal part of abdomen above very dark or blackish;
pleural parts and greater part of abdomen above slightly more dark reddish
brownish, with very slight purplish reflections; antennae, proboscis below,
lower part of humeral tubercles, postalar calli, extreme basal part on sides of
tergite 1 and sides of rest of tergites to a variable extent paler, more yellowish-
or brownish reddish; hind margin of tergite 1 reddish and those of 2—7 yellowish
whitish; bullae orange yellowish; venter yellowish, the hind margins of sternites
yellowish whitish; processes of sternite 9 and lobes of tergite 9 mainly yellowish;
legs mainly reddish brownish, the femora, especially hind ones, and hind tibiae
more yellowish below.

Integument of body above, even on thorax, and anterior upper half of
pleurae shining, the body above with slight, but distinct, violaceous to bluish
green reflections; thorax anteriorly without a submedial patch of dull bloom.

Vestiture well developed, the hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, metanotum,
tergites 1 and 2 and sides of 3, and on venter long, villose and dense; those on
head, humeral tubercles, base of thorax, metanotum, tergites 1 and 2, and on
pleurae more whitish; those on disc of thorax yellowish; shorter hairs on rest of
abdomen above and longer ones on venter pale yellowish whitish; hairs on legs,
especially hind ones, markedly long and dense, villose, those on lower surfaces

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA IOI

of hind tibiae being particularly and conspicuously dense, long and villose,
more so than in most other species, and with all the hairs on legs pale yellowish,
but those on front coxae whitish.

Head with the antennae quite as long as thorax and scutellum; segment 1
thickened, quite 3 times length of 2; segment 3 long and slender, much longer
than club, its apical part scarcely thickened, this latter part nearly a third
length of segment; clubs prominent, pyriform, broadest beyond middle, from
there rapidly and steeply narrowed, more so below, appearing rounded, the
terminal prominence small, much smaller and less protruding than in any of
the preceding species; proboscis nearly as long as antennae, with some longish
whitish hairs basally below; palps a little longer than antennal segment 2,
their apical part slender.

Wings rather sharply pointed apically, hyaline, but with a faint, diffused,
yellowish or yellowish brownish tinge in middle region; veins reddish; first
posterior cell apically very broadly touching margin; apex of discoidal cell
stalked; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below yellowish, beginning near base on outer side, on inner side nearer
middle, hind tibiae curved; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to
claw-segment, with dense hairs below.

Hypopygium with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite g rather drawn out
lobe-like; sternite 9 conical, narrowed and rounded apically, somewhat roughly
wrinkled below, their processes, in dorsal view, directed inwards, bluntly
rounded apically, shallowly and broadly hollowed above, in side view (text-fig.
2, top middle), with less than apical half slender, straight.

The two other § specimens, taken on the reddish flowers of a species of
Mesembryanthemum, growing alongside the road between Touws River and
Hottentots Kloof to Ceres, are slightly atypically coloured and may be taken
to represent a slight colour form (if the unique holotype is not merely a faded
specimen). They differ from the type-specimen in having darker legs, of which
the hind femora are more extensively coloured above and all the tibiae are
darker; the abdomen above also darker, more purplish dark brownish or almost
black, rather than dark reddish brownish; a darker venter, not much paler than
abdomen above; the wings distinctly more darkly tinted smoky brownish in
middle parts and the veins darker; and the hairs along lower part of hind
tibiae and to a certain extent on apical half of hind femora darker, more
brownish or blackish brownish.

From 3 g<3, the holotype and 2 other 3, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 11-5-14 mm
Length of wing: about 7-5-8-25 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Triangle (L. Péringuey, January 1885) ;
Half-way on road between Touws River and Hottentots Kloof on reddish
flowers of a species of Mesembryanthemum (South African Museum, December
1962).

102 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas pseudolanipes Beq.
Afroleptomydas pseudolanipes Bequaert, 1963: 23, fig. 6, 3.

A smallish, densely-haired 4 specimen, with relatively shortish, stoutish
abdomen and asilid-like appearance in the collections before me, is I think
another representative or slightly colour-form of the species pseudolanipes
described by Bequaert from South West Africa. It resembles lanipes but differs
from the latter in the following respects:

Body mainly black, without even faint violaceous reflections above; clypeus
also dark; entire humeral tubercles dark and postalar calli also much darker;
pleurae much darker or black; extreme sides only of tergites 1-5 obscurely
paler, more dark reddish brownish, not so conspicuously pale reddish brownish
as in lanipes; hind margin of tergite 2 discally more orange yellowish; bullae
orange yellowish, larger, the space between them less; hind margins of tergites
3—7 more whitish; venter also yellowish, but sternites 6—7 or 8 dark or blackish
brown, and those of sternites on sides also whitish; sternite 9 very dark reddish
brownish; legs with the front and middle femora darker, more castaneous
brownish, only slightly more yellowish below; hind femora much paler, very
pale yellowish or luteous basally and on inner and lower parts, the outer and
upper apical half dark castaneous brownish; tibiae yellowish above and
brownish below, the hind ones more pale reddish behind in basal half.

Integument of body above, of middle anterior half of pleurae and of hind
femora shining, as in lanipes, also without any submedial patch of dull bloom
on thorax anteriorly.

Vestiture as long and as dense as in lanipes, that on tibiae, however, slightly
shorter, and hairs on inner sides of hind tibiae, though as dense and also per-
pendicular to surface, distinctly shorter; all the hairs on front part of body and
base of abdomen, including those on thorax above, entirely snow whitish, not
yellowish on thorax above as in lanipes; short, dense ones discally on tergites
3-5 not yellowish, but fulvous brownish; rest of hairs on abdomen above and
below slightly denser and whitish; those basally and on inner sides of hind
femora and on hind tibiae whitish, only those on outer and apical half above of
hind femora fulvous.

Head with the interocular space on vertex relatively wider; antennae
(damaged in specimen, segments 1 and 2 missing and only segment 3 and club
have been gummed on card), with segment 3 relatively much shorter, though
also longer than inflated pyriform club which is also much rounded apically,
with non-prominent apical prominence; proboscis a little shorter, but still much
longer than vertical length of eye, about 2-6 mm long (quite 3-6 mm in
lanipes), also with some longish whitish hairs basally below.

Wings distinctly less pointed apically, entirely clear hyaline, with a very
faint whitish subopacity, not tinted yellowish in middle; veins yellowish
reddish; first posterior cell apically very much narrower, about or almost
touching costal margin at a point; discoidal cell narrower, longer, though also
stalked; first basal cell also more elongate, narrower; knobs of halteres only

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 103

faintly darker above.

Legs relatively shorter than in lanipes, the hind femora also distinctly
thickened, their double row of spines below yellowish reddish; front and middle
tibiae curved, hind ones more straight than in lanipes, also shorter, rather
markedly short, with much shorter spicules; front tarsi even shorter than in
lanipes, basal segment of hind ones without longish hairs (rest of segments
missing in specimen).

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 relatively small, equilaterally tri-
angular, much smaller than in lanipes; sternite 9 similar, the processes similar,
but their slender apical part, in side view, much longer, slightly more distinctly
curved upwards apically, the dorsal depression not extending so near apex and
apical part of processes more distinctly or more coarsely punctured.

Length of body: about 12 mm (Bequaert’s specimen given as 13 mm)
Length of wing: about 9 mm

Distribution: Southern South West Africa: Great Karas Mountains
(Museum staff, November 1936); Aus (R. E. Turner, December 1929) (¢ holo-
type described by Bequaert).

Afroleptomydas fasciatus (Wied.) n.comb.

Midas fasciatus Wiedemann, 1828: 243. Wiedemann, 1829: 15, pl. 54, fig. 17.

Cephalocera fasciata Westwood, 1841: 55. Walker, 1854: 374. Loew, 1860: 253. Gerstaecker,
1868: 78

Leptomydas rufithorax Bezzi (nec Wiedemann), in part, 19245: 207. (n.syn.)

Leptomydas nivosus Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker), 19245: 210. (n.syn.)

The true specific identity of the Midas fasciatus s.str. of Wiedemann appears
to be uncertain. Loew’s redescription of this species, which he assigned to
Cephalocera, differs materially from that given by Wiedemann in 1828. Wiede-
mann did not know from what country his specimens came, but Loew states
that the species comes from the Cape and was collected by Tollini. It is possible
that Loew based his diagnosis only on Wiedemann’s short and inadequate
description, and mistook the representatives of quite another species he had
before him for that of Wiedemann. The problem of identity was still more
complicated by Bezzi who obviously misinterpreted both Wiedemann and
Loew’s descriptions and mistook an entirely different species, not belonging
to the genus Afroleptomydas (olim Leptomydas), for fasciatus and which he desig-
nated as the type-species of his new genus Nomoneura, an error in specific
identification on his part which also misled Bequaert in 1938 (343). The position
is thus very confusing. Provisionally I am accepting Loew’s interpretation of
this species which, however, belongs to Afroleptomydas and not Cephalocera, and
though the specimens before me, which show a certain amount of variability, do
not agree in all respects with the redescription of Loew they nevertheless agree
sufficiently to assign them to the same species. Two 33 of this distinctly variable
species were mistaken for nivosus (Gerst.) by Bezzi. The latter species which
Gerstaecker described from a ¢ specimen, however, appears to be only a dark

104 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

form of the 3 of humeralis which Gerstaecker described from a 9 only. Bezzi also
mistook a 2 specimen of this species for the 9 of rufithorax, the true identity of
which at that time was unknown to him. The species fasciatus, as based on the
material before me, is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the pleurae and abdomen above in dg, and
especially in 9, tending to be more dark piceous brownish, reddish brownish to
blackish brown, but in some 99 even mainly yellowish; antennae reddish
brownish to blackish brown in 3, sometimes more yellowish in 9, the clubs
mainly paler reddish brownish to orange brownish in 3, mainly orange yellowish
in 9; clypeus dark to reddish brownish in 3, more consistently reddish brownish
to yellowish in 2; proboscis below reddish brownish in 3, more extensively
yellowish or yellowish brownish in 9, humeral tubercles yellowish in both sexes;
sides of thorax above in ¢ either entirely dark or reddish to a variable extent,
broadly reddish or reddish brownish in 9, in some 99 also with two submedial
reddish discal streaks and with the base reddish to a variable extent; hind
margin of scutellum sometimes yellowish in 2; metanotum in 9 reddish on sides,
sometimes greater lateral part reddish, usually dark in g; metapleural and
metasternal parts and sometimes also pteropleural part, especially in 2, broadish
sides of tergite 1 and to a variable extent those of 2-4 and usually extreme sides
of rest of tergites in 3, broadish sides of abdomen in & up to tergite 7 to a variable
extent and greater part of or entire venter yellowish or pale ochreous yellowish;
hind margins of tergites 2-7 in g and 2-6 in 9 conspicuously whitish or ivory
yellowish, broader in 9; hind margin of tergite 1 in 9 usually dark reddish;
bullae conspicuously orange yellowish to reddish, smaller and wider apart in 9;
hind margins of sternites whitish on sides; last abdominal segment in ° reddish-
or yellowish brownish and at least apical half of second last yellowish; hypopy-
gial structures extensively pale yellowish brownish; legs extensively yellowish,
the front and middle coxae, in 3 at least, and upper or upper and inner surfaces
of hind femora, especially in 3, and in 3 sometimes to a lesser extent also upper
surfaces of front and middle ones and sometimes even hinder surfaces of hind
tibiae brownish, the claw-segment of tarsi also darkened to a variable extent.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, middle and anterior upper part
of pleurae, to a certain extent metanotum, and abdomen shining, the aciculate
microsculpture and setiferous puncturation on abdomen above in ¢ render its
abdomen slightly less shining than in 9; thorax above dull, with fine setiferous
puncturation.

Vestiture in 3 on the whole rather longish and dense, longish and dense
also on tergites 1 and 2 and sides of 3, slightly shorter and less dense in 9; hairs
on disc of thorax, though shorter than on head and base of abdomen, still rather
long and dense in both sexes, not consistently arranged in definite streaks; the
hairs mainly snow whitish, but those on disc of thorax and, in 9, sometimes
on vertex also slightly more greyish yellowish to yellowish or in some 99 even
almost rufous; rest of fine and shortish, rather dense, hairs on abdomen above
in 3g, the longish ones even on sides of tergites 4 and 5 and even 6 in 3, and

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 105

longish ones on venter whitish, those on abdomen in 2 much shorter, sparser
and also whitish, but longer and denser, reversed ones on last two segments
more yellowish to fulvous; hairs on legs longish and dense, slightly shorter and
less dense in Q, entirely whitish, though in 2 sometimes with a slight yellowish
sheen.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment I rather shortish, thickened, about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3
elongate, much longer than club, its apical part slightly thickened; clubs about
+ shorter than segment 3, pyriform; proboscis rather longish and slender,
subequal in length to thorax (excluding scutellum), apparently without any
longish hairs below; palps about as long as or slightly longer than antennal
segment 2, with yellowish hairs apically in 9; post-vertical spines present,
yellowish to yellowish reddish.

Wings faintly, but distinctly, tinted yellowish, more so in middle or anterior
parts, in some 99 distinctly more yellowish brownish, in both sexes with a
distinct whitish subopacity; veins pale yellowish reddish or even pallid; first
posterior cell broadly open on costal margin; apex of discoidal cell shortly
stalked; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, less so in 9, their double
row of spines below yellowish reddish to reddish; basal segment of hind tarsi
scarcely or only a little or distinctly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 brownish to reddish brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 sharply
angular; sternite 9 conical, narrowed and bluntly rounded apically, transversely
wrinkled basally below, more longitudinally towards apex, its processes, in side
view (cf. text-fig. 2, bottom middle), curved upwards in apical part, rather
sharply pointed apically in dorsal view.

From 4 gg and 7 99 in the South African Museum, 1 ¢ in the University
of Stellenbosch, and 1 9 in the National Museum of Rhodesia.

Length of body: about 14-5-20 mm
Length of wing: about 11-14 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Cape Town (December); Rawsonville
(January); Matjiesfontein (November).

As is evident from the description, this species is slightly variable in colora-
tion, in the colour of its vestiture on thorax, and in the intensity of the wing-
infuscation.

It may be easily confused with the other Cape Peninsula species rufithorax
(Wied.) as was done by Bezzi in the case of the 9. The latter species, however,
has reddish or fulvous hairs even on body below, base of abdomen, and on the
legs, has the discal parts of hind margins of the tergites darkened, has more
darkly infused wings, relatively thicker hind femora, etc.

The 2 specimen in the National Museum of Rhodesia is labelled as coming
from Van Stadens Pass in the Eastern Province. This locality label is obviously
wrong, for this species is restricted to the Western Cape Province.

106 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas flavirostris (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas flavirostris Bezzi, 19245: 214.

Two 9° from Hex River in the South African Museum, one of which is
badly damaged, were described under this name by Bezzi. In a footnote a
3 specimen without locality was doubtfully referred by him to this species. A
careful examination of this latter specimen and a comparison of it with ¢¢ of
humeralis Gerst., however, shows that it belongs to an undescribed species in the
humeralis section. The 3 of flavirostris is therefore still unknown. This species
obviously comes in the same category as the western Cape species fasciatus with
yellowish hairs on the thorax and resembles it superficially. Supplementing
Bezzi’s good description of the 9 and comparing the 99 before me with 99 of
fasciatus, the following comments concerning this species may be made:

Body and legs similarly coloured, though with a tendency for abdomen
above to be slightly more pale reddish brownish; the yellowish whitish or
yellowish hind margins of tergites distinctly and conspicuously broader,
becoming more so posteriorly, and those of 6 and 7 occupying quite half of
tergites; bullae much darker, more blackish brownish, dark piceous brownish
to almost black, not wine reddish or orange brownish, and very much nearer
together above, the space between them much less than twice vertical length of
bullae.

Integument of abdomen above slightly less shining, due to slightly coarser
transverse wrinkles.

Vestiture very similar, as long and as dense, also yellowish or fulvous
yellowish on vertex and thorax above, but fine hairs on abdomen, other than
those basally, distinctly longer, more conspicuous, being especially more con-
spicuous on tergites 3 and 4, also rendering these tergites slightly duller and less
shining.

Head with the vertex on each side usually more consistently infused with
reddish to a variable extent; antennae distinctly longer than in fasciatus and,
though a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum), the latter itself is
slightly longer than that of fasciatus; segment 1 thickened, about 3-3 times
length of 2; segment 3 distinctly much longer and more slender, much longer
than club; the latter also relatively longer, more elongate-pyriform; proboscis
about as long as in fasciatus, but on the whole more slender, shorter than
antennae (not as long as latter as stated by Bezzi) and not always entirely
yellowish as the specific name implies, usually only yellowish below, without
any longish hairs basally below; palps distinct, longer than antennal segment 2.

Wings very similar, with a similar milky whitish subopacity and sometimes
also distinctly tinted yellowish, but, if so, to a slightly lesser extent; venation
similar.

Legs with the hind femora also slightly thickened, their double row of
spines, below reddish; basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Ovtscape with 7 or 8 spines on a side.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 107

From 4 929 (original holotype, a paratype, and 2 other 99) in the South
African Museum.
Length of body: about 17-5-20 mm
Length of wing: about 13-14 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: Hex River near Worcester (L.
Péringuey, December 1883) (holotype); Hex River (L. Péringuey, 1884)
(paratype and 2 99).

Afroleptomydas hirtipes n.sp.

A distinct species with yellowish hair on thorax and very densely-haired
legs which resembles flavirostris and 99 of fasciatus superficially, but unfortunately
represented by the 2 only in the collections before me. The is characterized
as follows:

Body mainly very dark or black, including humeral tubercles, sides of
thorax, metanotum, pteropleural and posterior parts of pleurae and sides of
base of abdomen (parts which in flavirostris and fasciatus are yellowish) ; antennae
very dark blackish reddish; clypeus dark reddish; hind margin of tergite 1 dark
reddish; hind margins of 2—7 fairly broadly yellowish whitish or yellowish, those
on sides of 6 and 7 broader, extending more backwards along lateral margins;
last segment reddish brownish; bullae very elongate vertically, rather narrowish,
black or black anteriorly and reddish brownish in hinder half, separated above
by a space much narrower than vertical length of bullae; venter differing from
that of flavirostris and fasciatus in being mainly black, only last three sternites
mainly, or with much, yellowish, the hind margins of sternites also broadly
yellowish; legs mainly yellowish, the coxae mainly dark reddish brownish, and
with an obscure faintly brownish streak along inner middle part of hind femora.

Integument of middle part of frons, middle part of clypeus, proboscis, hinder
part of thorax above, postalar calli, scutellum, pleurae in part and abdomen
above shining, the latter with slight bluish reflections.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, metanotum and tergites I
and 2 longish, dense, comparatively longer and denser and more villose than in
either of the other two species; hairs on legs markedly dense and long, much
longer than in the other two species or any of the known 99 in this section,
more like those of $3 of long-haired forms; all these longish hairs mainly snow
whitish, but those on vertex and thorax above tinted distinctly greyish, greyish
yellowish to yellowish; rest of whitish hairs on abdomen above, though shorter
than at base, distinctly denser and longer than in flavirostris, those on sides of
tergites 3 and 4 also longer than on rest of tergites; reversed ones on last two
tergites and last three sternites distinctly more yellowish; longish hairs on
venter and dense ones on legs whitish, but those on front parts of coxae some-
times tinted slightly yellowish.

Head with the antennae rather stoutish, longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum) ; segment 1 thickened, about 3, or a little more, times length of 2;
segment 3 rather stoutish, longer than club, thickened in its apical third; club

108 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

distinctly more elongate, more subamphoriform than in flavirostris; clypeus
rather prominent; proboscis rather stoutish, nearly or only a little shorter than
thorax (excluding scutellum), with some longish hairs basally below; palps
distinct, longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, yellowish.

Wings hyaline, but distinctly tinted yellowish in the middle parts, especially
along veins, without the distinct milky whitish subopacity of flavirostris and
fasciatus; veins yellowish; first posterior cell broadly open apically on costal
margin; apex of discoidal cell stalked; knobs of halteres darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below yellowish reddish; hind tibiae rather stoutish; basal segment of hind
tarsi distinctly much longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with 7 or 8 elongate-spatulate, yellowish spines on a side.

From 2 99 (holotype in the South African Museum and paratype in the
Albany Museum).

Length of body: about 18-5-19 mm
Length of wing: about 13-5-14 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Hex River near Worcester (January
1884). The paratype in the Albany Museum was wrongly identified both as
Cephalocera longirostris Wied. and Ectyphus pinguis Gerst. with both genera and
species of which it has no connection or resemblance whatever.

Afroleptomydas gigantulus n.sp.

A very large 2 specimen in the South African Museum, from the same
locality as the preceding species /irtipes, is superficially almost indistinguishable
from the latter and may almost be taken as representing only a large form or
variety of hirtipes. It however appears to differ from the latter in the following
respects:

Body very much larger, more or less similarly coloured; hind margin of
tergite 1 dark like the rest of surface; those of tergites 2—-7 relatively broader,
more ring-like yellowish whitish; last tergite more ochreous yellowish, and last
sternite yellowish, not reddish brownish; spines on oviscape more brownish.

Vestiture as long and as dense and similarly coloured, though apparently
slightly denser on abdomen and legs.

Head with the antennae relatively longer; segment 3 proportionally longer
as 1°22:1, and club also relatively longer, quite 3 times combined length of
segments 1 and 2; proboscis slightly longer, about 4-52 mm, without any long
hairs basally below, its labella with slightly coarser striae and microsculpture,

Wings similarly tinted faintly yellowish in middle parts; apical stalk of
discoidal cell, however, very much shorter, the cell almost meeting third
posterior cell at a point.

Legs similar, but hind femora in addition to double row of spines below
also has a few distinct spines in pairs on their outer upper middle aspect (not
found in any other of the known species of Afroleptomydas); hind tibiae with
distinctly more numerous, longer and stouter spicules on outer lower apical

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 109

part, and with distinctly more, about 8, spicules in the subapical circlet.
Length of body: about 25 mm
Length of wing: about 16-5 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: Hex River near Worcester (January
1884).

Afroleptomydas villosus n.sp.

A single 3 specimen from Rawsonville in the collections before me may
eventually prove to be the ¢ of hirtzpes, but as it appears to differ in certain
non-sexual respects from the 2 of hirtipes it is provisionally referred to a separate
species which differs from the latter in the following respects:

Body with the humeral tubercles yellowish, not dark; posterior episternal
and metasternal parts and extensive anterior basal part of tergite 1 yellowish;
hind margins of tergites 2-7 yellowish whitish, those of 5-7 being slightly mar-
gined with orange across basal parts; bullae as in hirtipes and gigantulus; venter
entirely yellowish and broadish whitish hind margins of sternites less broad and,
contrary to those of hzrtipes, dark in middle; hind femora more distinctly and
more broadly and extensively darkened along their inner upper and apical
parts above.

Vestiture markedly dense and longish, denser and more villose than in
preceding two species, the hairs on abdomen markedly dense and long, even
much denser and longer than in $¢g of many other species, those on sides of
tergites 3 and 4 also dense and longish, more so than in ¢¢ of fasciatus and
related species; rest of snow whitish hairs on abdomen above also markedly
dense and longer than in any of the J in this section; hairs on venter denser
and longer than in @ hirtipes and even in other 34 in this section, tinted slightly
more yellowish posteriorly and on lower parts of hypopygium; hairs on vertex
and thorax above faintly yellowish; hairs on legs characteristically dense and
long, denser and longer, more villose than in most ¢¢ of this section.

Head with the antennae unfortunately missing in the specimen; proboscis
rather stoutish, about 4 mm long, without any longish hairs basally below, the
labella finely striate.

Wings very faintly tinted yellowish; veins yellowish in anterior part.

Legs with the hind tibiae rather markedly stoutish.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 less sharply pointed than in fasciatus ;
sternite 9 broader than in latter species, less conically narrowed in apical half,
with longer and denser hairs below, their prongs relatively shorter, in profile
(text-fig. 2, top right), less slender in apical part, and with rather dense and
longish bristly hairs below.

The unique type in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 13 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: Rawsonville (J. J. S. le Roux, December

1943).

Ito ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas anthophilus n.sp.

This species of which all the specimens, but two, were collected on the
reddish flowers of a species of Mesembryanthemum also belongs to the fasciatus
subsection and is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black; antennae dark or blackish, segment 2 and
sometimes apex of 1 tending to be reddish to a variable extent, the clubs orange
reddish, their sensory area in apical half, however, darkened; clypeus mainly or
entirely dark; proboscis reddish brownish below; humeral tubercles and entire
pleurae dark or blackish; hind margins of tergites 2~—7 in both sexes distinctly
yellowish whitish or yellowish, more conspicuously so in Q, the sides of margins
broadened; tergite 1 usually entirely black on sides, but in a slight colour form
is yellowish anteriorly and posteriorly, and rest of tergites usually yellowish on
sides to a variable extent, especially in apical half, blending with the broadened
sides of yellowish whitish hind margins; last tergite in 2 mainly yellowish
brownish; bullae shining black, sometimes with the narrow anterior margin
more yellowish, smaller in 9 and, in 3, usually closer together discally; venter
mainly yellowish or yellowish brownish in Q, but in ¢ often darkened in apical
half or with bases or basal halves of sternites darkened to a variable extent; hind
margins of sternites broadly whitish to yellowish whitish, more so in 9; male
genital structures mainly yellowish; legs mainly yellowish, but front and middle
femora with a dark streak above and hind ones darkened or blackened to a
variable extent along upper and inner parts except in basal part, and the hind
coxae yellowish below in apical part.

Integument of middle part of frons, the clypeus, proboscis, abdomen above
shining in both sexes, the abdomen more so in Q, that of thorax above and
metanotum dull; pleurae slightly duller, more sub-shining than in most other
species of this section, due to slightly more evident greyish tomentum.

Vestiture fairly dense and longish, the hairs on sides of tergites 1, 2 and 3 in
both sexes, to a lesser extent also on 4 in 3, longish, but longer in g; hairs on
hind femora rather dense, with longish ones in basal half and along inner side,
with longish ones also along lower inner side of hind tibiae; the hairs on vertex,
disc of thorax (not in distinct streaks), metanotum, and tuft above posterior
pleural spiracle buff-coloured, yellowish or even fulvous yellowish to a variable
extent, the tuft at base of thorax above, however, more whitish; rest of hair on
head and body whitish, though the shorter ones on abdomen above and on
hypopygium in ¢ at least often with a slight pale sericeous yellowish tint;
reversed hairs on last two abdominal segments in 9 rather sparse, more yellowish
brownish like those on genital segment; hairs on legs mainly whitish, though
shortish ones on front and middle tibiae appear more faintly yellowish in certain
lights.

Head with the antennae distinctly shorter than thorax (excluding
scutellum), about 3-5—3:96 mm long; segment 1 about 2-5-3 times length of 2;
segment 3 distinctly longer than club, distinctly thickened apically; club, in side
view, almost spindle-shaped, the middle more rapidly broadened below,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA III

broadest at about or a little beyond, its base narrowly constricted, the sensory
area large, occupying most of apical half below; proboscis about 3:28-4 mm
long, almost subequal in length to antennae, with some longish hairs sometimes
evident basally below; palps distinct, slightly longer than antennal segment 2.

Wings greyish hyaline in ¢ and with a slight milky whitish tint, distinctly
tinted faintly yellowish brownish in Q, especially in middle parts, and slightly
darker around basal cross-vein and basal appendix of second submarginal cell ;
veins with the costal, basal parts of 2, 3 and 4, and sometimes the fifth, pale
reddish yellowish, the rest darker brownish; first posterior cell sometimes tending
to be only narrowly open apically, in one specimen even narrowly subtending
on costal margin; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; knobs of halteres
darkened or blackish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly subclavately thickened in both sexes,
their double row of spines below rather stoutish, yellowish to yellowish brownish,
beginning near base and situated on rather prominent tubercles; spicules on
tibiae well developed, those on hind ones rather numerous along outer apical
half, and hind tibiae slightly curved forwards near apex; basal segment of
hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with about 9 brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 triangular, the posterior angle
rather sharply acute and slightly produced; sternite g bluntly conical, its
processes, in side view (text-fig. 2, middle right), slightly S-curved, gradually
narrowed apically, in dorsal view rather broadish, bluntly pointed apically;
phallic tubes rather sharply pointed apically.

From 10 gg and 3 99 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 18-22-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12-16 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: half-way between Touws River and
Hottentots Kloof (South African Museum, December 1962) (¢ holotype,
2 allotype, 7g and 2 9 paratypes); 18 miles south east of Touws River (C. D.
Michener, 12th November, 1966) (1 3 paratype). Southern Koup: Laingsburg
(R. Lightfoot, November 1910) (1 3 paratype).

The ¢ paratype from Laingsburg appears to represent a slight northern
colour form, differing from the typical gg in having the abdomen above
slightly more dark castaneous brownish than blackish; sides of tergite 1 dis-
tinctly yellowish anteriorly and posteriorly, and extreme sides of the other
tergites slightly more extensively yellowish; venter mainly yellowish; and hind
coxae more extensively yellowish below.

From fasciatus (Wied.) this species may at once be distinguished by the dark
humeral tubercles, dark sides of thorax, entirely dark pleurae, black bullae,
less extensive yellowish on sides of abdomen, and denser and longer hairs on legs.

From 99 of hirtipes and gigantulus the 9 may at once be distinguished by the
comparatively much shorter antennae of which segment 3 is not longer (usually
shorter) than interocular space on vertex, and the shorter, more orange yellow-

ee? ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ish clubs; more extensively yellowish venter; and more extensively darkened
hind femora.

Afroleptomydas occidentalis n.sp.

A unique ¢ specimen in the South African Museum, from the south-
western coastal region, appears to be a new species which shows some resem-
blance to fasciatus, villosus and related forms.

It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black; antennae black, but clubs showing dark reddish
brownish across broadened middle part; proboscis black, tinted slightly reddish
brownish along ventral part; clypeus black; humeral tubercles yellowish
brownish, the sides of thorax above however entirely black; postalar calli very
dark reddish black; metanotum entirely black; metapleural parts in front of
and below halteres, sides of tergite 1, metasternal part and hind coxae reddish
brownish; sides of tergites 2-7 yellowish brownish, more or less intra-
marginally so, those of 5~7 more broadened postero-laterally; segment 8 and
hypopygial structures, as well as entire venter, also yellowish brownish; bullae
elongate vertically, narrowish, very dark reddish blackish or piceous, narrowly
separated above; hind margins of tergites 2-7 whitish, broadened on sides,
especially across 2 and 3, those of 4—7 only narrowish whitish discally, bounded
and encroached upon by yellowish on sides; extreme sides of hind margins of
sternites also whitish, those of 5 and 6 obscurely extending to middle; legs
almost entirely yellowish brownish, only front and middle coxae and a streak
along inner surface of apical halves of hind femora and extreme upper articula-
ting bases of hind tibiae dark or blackish.

Integument of central frontal ridge, clypeus, head below, proboscis, greater
part of pleurae, postalar calli, scutellum, tergites 1 and 2, bullae and basal
parts of 3 and 4 highly shining; integument of thorax above, under the hairs,
subshining; metanotum also subshining to a certain extent; rest of tergites 4—7
and rest of sternites also shining to a certain extent; legs also shining; abdomen
with fairly dense setiferous puncturation, slightly less dense on tergites 1 and 2,
those on rest of tergites in distinct fine cross striae, more evident and denser in
hind halves where the integument also appears slightly less shiny.

Vestiture slightly less dense than in fasciatus, very much less so than in
villosus; hairs on vertex, sides of frons, antennal segment 1, upper part of
clypeus, fairly dense ones on thorax above, on metapleural part in front of
halteres yellowish; those on sides of face and clypeus, on head below, propleural
part, extreme base of thorax above, postalar calli, scutellum, metanotum,
longish and dense ones on sides of tergites 1 and 2, slightly shorter ones on sides
posteriorly of 3—5, less dense or sparser ones on sternites (becoming progressively
shorter posteriorly), those on metasternal part, and to a certain extent on hind
coxae, whitish to snow. whitish; shortish, decumbent hairs on discal parts of
tergites 2-7 appearing more greyish yellowish or sericeous yellowish in certain
lights; those on hypopygium not very dense or long, gleaming more sericeous

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 113

yellowish; hairs on legs not very long, but fairly dense, with longish ones only
on coxae, but especially along inner surfaces of hind tibiae, and some sparse
ones along inner faces of hind femora, with all these hairs, as well as the shortish
dense ones on legs, appearing whitish in certain lights, but gleaming slightly
more sericeous yellowish in others; hairs on front and middle coxae and
posteriorly on hind coxae gleaming more fulvous; spines and spicules on legs
yellowish reddish; tomentum on head greyish whitish; that in 4 faint longitudi-
nal streaks on thorax above greyish; that on propleural, pteropleural and meta-
pleural parts sparse, greyish whitish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex wider than that on head below;
antennae subequal in length to thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1
thickened, about 2-5 times length of 2; segment 3 longer than club, thickened
segment-like in a little more than apical third, slightly longer than interocular
space; club pyriform, broadest a little beyond middle (above) and at about
middle (below) in side view, very slightly constricted basally, its sensory area
large, occupying about apical half on lower aspect; proboscis stoutish, subequal
in length to vertical length of eyes, about 2-8 mm long; palps distinct, quite as
long as second antennal segment.

Wings clear hyaline, but with a scarcely perceptible yellowish tinge across
basal parts of marginal and first submarginal cells to base of third posterior cell;
apex of first submarginal cell narrower than that of second submarginal; first
posterior cell broadly open apically on costal margin; discoidal cell shortly
stalked apically; third posterior cell sausage-shaped, almost equally narrowed
apically and basally; knobs of halteres darkened. °

Legs with the hind femora clavately thickened, their double row of spines
below on tubercles and the outer row beginning nearer base and also with more
spines; spicules on tibiae well developed, those on hind ones stouter; basal
segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-segment.

Hypopygium similar to that of fasciatus, with the lobes of tergite 9g however
rather narrowly produced tongue-like apically; sternite 9 more bluntly or
truncately rounded apically than in fasciatus, its processes, in side view, more
slightly S-curved, the slender apical part slightly upcurved, more gradually
slender for a longer distance; aedeagal apparatus relatively shorter, the phallic
tubes and epimere relatively shorter, the latter less rapidly broadened apically
and projecting less beyond phallic tubes.

Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm

Distribution: Western coastal region: Velddrif on the coast at the mouth of
the Berg River (C. D. Michener, 5th November 1966).

Apart from the few differences already mentioned, this 3 differs from 3g of
fasciatus in the more shiny integument under the hairs on the thorax, the
distinctly yellowish hairs on thorax above, entirely yellowish brownish legs,
with much shorter hairs on the femora, darker bullae, shorter and stouter
proboscis, not slightly milky whitish wings, etc.

114 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

From villosus it may at once be distinguished by the distinctly less dense and
not villose vestiture.

From anthophilus, which it also resembles superficially, it differs in having
yellowish humeral tubercles, more yellowish metapleural parts and sides of
abdomen, and in having no dense longish hairs on femora.

The proportionally shorter antennae, longer proboscis, yellowish hairs on
thorax above, shorter hairs on abdomen, absence of longish hairs on sides of
tergite 3, darker bullae, more extensive yellowish on sides of tergites 3-7, etc.,
distinguish it from capensis. ;

Afroleptomydas gessi n.sp.

Another new species with yellowish hair on thorax above which resembles
and comes in the same category of fasciatus and anthophilus, and which may be
looked upon as the near Eastern Province coastal representative of fasciatus.
It agrees with and differs from the latter in the following respects:

Body more consistently mainly very dark blackish brown to black; antennae
mainly black, only the clubs dark reddish apically in 3, paler orange reddish in
Q, though not so livid as in 2 fasciatus; clypeus entirely dark or castaneous
brownish in both sexes; humeral tubercles and postalar calliin 3 entirely dark,
the apex and outer hind margin of humeral tubercles and postalar calli in 9
obscurely reddish or reddish brownish; sides of thorax in both sexes entirely
dark, without any reddish; metanotum black in both sexes; only posterior
metapleural and metasternal parts in 3 and, in 9 sometimes also metapleural
part in front of halteres, yellowish brownish or reddish brownish, and on abdo-
men only basal lateral part of tergite 1 yellowish in both sexes, not on sides of
most tergites as in fasciatus; hind margins of tergites 2-7 in ¢ and 2-6 in 9 also
whitish or ivory yellowish, broader in Q; hind margin of tergite 1 black in both
sexes; bullae mainly shining black, sometimes, however, deeply dark reddish,
more narrowly separated above in both sexes than in fasciatus; venter mainly
reddish brownish, the hind margins of sternites whitish on sides, darker medially;
outer part of lobes of tergite 9, processes of sternite g and sternite g itself in
3 reddish brownish; last abdominal segment in Q either reddish brownish or
with much reddish brownish on sides, and tergite 7 yellowish in apical half or at
least broadly so across apical part; legs usually more yellowish brownish than
yellowish, the front and middle coxae dark or black in both sexes, the upper
surfaces of front and middle femora to a variable extent, especially in J, and toa
variable extent upper and inner and outer apical halves or more of hind ones
in both sexes, as well as a streak on outer and inner apical half of hind tibiae,
especially in g, dark blackish brown to almost black.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, postalar calli, scutellum,
anterior middle parts of pleurae and abdomen above in both sexes even more
brilliantly shining than in fasciatus.

Vestiture with the hairs as long and dense as in fasciatus, the long ones also
mainly whitish, but those on vertex and thorax above in both sexes greyish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA I1l5

yellowish to yellowish or in 2 sometimes even more fulvous, the hairs on anten-
nae, frons, upper part of clypeus in 2 sometimes also more greyish yellowish
than white; fine and shorter ones on abdomen of ¢ whitish; reversed hairs on
last two abdominal segments and last three sternites in 2 yellowish or golden,
the rest also whitish; hairs on coxae, especially front faces, yellowish to golden,
more so in Q; rest of hairs on legs whitish, but those on outer sides of hind femora
and on tibiae in both sexes gleaming slightly yellowish, more golden in 9,
where most of the shortish ones on front and middle femora also appear more
golden.

Head with the antennae subequal in length to or a little longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 thickened, about 3 times length of 2; segment
3 elongate, slender, longer than club, a little less than its apical third thickened
segment-like; club pyriform like that of fasciatus; clypeus distinctly larger, more
convex; proboscis relatively long, nearly, subequal in length to, or sometimes
as long as, antennae, relatively stouter than in fasciatus, without any longish
hairs below; palps relatively well developed, finger-shaped, quite twice, or even
a little more, length of antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, yellowish.

Wings distinctly more infuscated than in fasciatus, more uniformly so,
more reddish brownish, more diffusedly so along veins in middle parts, becom-
ing clearer in basal part and along hinder border, without a whitish subopacity ;
veins slightly darker, more reddish brownish; first posterior cell also broadly
open apically and apex of discoidal cell also stalked; knobs of halteres darkened
above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, slightly less so than in
fasciatus and in ° than in J, their double row of spines below reddish; hind tibiae
slightly curved; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly longer than claw-segment,
proportionally longer than in fasczatus.

Oviscape in 2 with 7-9 brownish or reddish brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the acute posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 slightly
more prolonged lobe-like than in fasciatus; sternite 9 and its structures (cf.
text-fig. 2, bottom right) very similar.

From 4 3g and 3 99 (types and paratypes in the South African Museum
and 1 2 paratype in the Transvaal Museum).

Length of body: about 16—-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11-13 mm

Distribution : Southern Cape: Coastal region at the mouth of the Great Brak
River near Mossel Bay (South African Museum, February 1960) (¢ holotype,
2 allotype and 4 paratypes); Great Brak River (George) (Dr. Brauns, January
1920) (1 2 paratype).

This species is named after Mr. F. W. Gess of the Entomology Depart-
ment of the South African Museum who caught the first specimen on. the
Museum’s expedition to the Eastern Province in 1960.

116 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas fiavitibialis n.sp.

An easily recognizable hairy and shiny species, with yellowish or fulvous
hairs on the thorax and pale yellowish or fulvous tibiae, which also comes in the
fasciatus group and which is characterized as follows:

Body almost entirely black; antennae mainly black or blackish reddish in
3, more dark reddish in Q, the clubs in both sexes mainly very dark reddish or
blackish red; clypeus very dark reddish brownish, darker or even black in ¢;
proboscis black, but slightly dark reddish brownish below in 2; humeral
tubercles and thorax above black, the postalar‘calli in 9 very dark reddish
brownish, darker or black in 3; pleurae black, but sometimes infused slightly
more with dark reddish brownish, especially in 2; abdomen mainly black in
both sexes, the last segment in 9 dark reddish brownish or reddish; hind margins
of tergites 2-7 yellowish whitish in 3, more yellowish in Q, slightly broader in 9
or more so across 6 and 7, bordered basally in both sexes with faint orange, and
in both sexes broader on sides than discally, and on 6 and 7, or sometimes 5-7,
usually also extending some distance towards base along lateral margins to a
variable extent, especially in 9; bullae rather elongate vertically, large in both
sexes, though slightly narrower in 9, narrowly separated in both sexes, very dark
blackish brown, dark reddish brownish to even black; venter mainly very dark,
dark blackish brownish or black, the hind margins of sternites 1~7 broadly and
conspicuously whitish or yellowish whitish, sometimes slightly darkened in
middle and usually bordered across their anterior margins with yellowish or
orange yellowish to a variable extent, sometimes fairly extensive, but usually so
on 6 and 7 or even 5-7 to such an extent that at least apical halves or even more
of these sternites are yellowish, and 8 in 3 sometimes also extensively yellowish;
hypopygium of 3 mainly yellowish reddish or yellowish brownish, the processes
of sternite 9 usually being conspicuously yellowish reddish; legs with the femora
dark blackish brownish above, paler and more yellowish below to a variable
extent, with the bases of hind ones and their apices below and all the tibiae and
tarsi conspicuously pale yellowish or luteous.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus above, proboscis, head below, to a
certain extent disc of thorax under the vestiture, scutellum, anterior half of
pleurae, to a lesser extent metanotum and entire abdomen shining; integument
of thorax above without distinct or broadish bare streaks, covered with more or
less uniform, minute, somewhat acicular, setiferous puncturation; that of abdo-
men shining in both sexes, in ¢ with fairly dense, fine, transverse striate or acicu-
late, setiferous puncturation, sparser across bases of tergites and apical part of
tergite 2, with even finer and sparser setiferous puncturation in 9, transversely
striate on last four segments, more distinctly and more coarsely so on last two;
venter shining, transversely wrinkled, excepting last sternite in J and 1-4 in 9;
integument of femora also shallowly transversely wrinkled to a variable extent.

Vestiture fairly dense, longish, villose, slightly denser in 3, that on thorax
above also slightly denser and longer in J, not distinctly separated by bare
streaks; hairs on sides of tergites 1 and 2 and sides of 3 denser and longer in 4,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 117

hairs on rest of abdomen in ¢ fairly dense, corresponding to the setiferous
puncturation, those on sides of tergites longer than discally, in 9 shorter and
sparser, excepting reversed ones on last three segments; hairs on head and body
in both sexes mainly snow whitish, those on vertex and, in Q, also frons and on
disc of thorax in both sexes greyish yellowish, yellowish to fulvous yellowish, the
latter especially in 9, those on abdomen tinted very slightly more greyish
yellowish to pale sericeous yellowish from tergite 4 in ¢ and from disc of 2 in Q,
the reversed ones on last three segments in @ distinctly more fulvous; hairs on
venter longer and denser in 5, mainly whitish, tinted slightly more yellowish in
posterior half in 9; hairs on legs dense and longish in both sexes, mainly whitish,
those above and on sides in apical half of hind femora and to a certain extent on
other femora above tinted more yellowish or fulvous; all the short ones on tibiae
and tarsi, except longish whitish ones on inner sides of hind tibiae, golden
yellowish or fulvous yellowish; spines and spicules on legs yellowish reddish to
fulvous yellowish.

Head with the antennae distinctly much longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum); segment 1 thickened, about 2-5-3 times length of 2; segment 3
stoutish, longer than club, its apical third or less thickened segment-like; clubs
elongate, subspindle-shaped, broadest at about or just beyond middle, then
more rapidly narrowed below, this sensory part with greyish whitish tomentum,
the base of clubs shortly neck-like; proboscis longish, as long as, slightly longer
than, or slightly shorter than, thorax (excluding scutellum), about 4-4-4 mm,
with some longish hairs below near base; palps distinct, lobe-like, relatively
longer in ¢ than in Q, in former quite twice length of antennal segment 2;
postvertical spines present, yellowish.

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish, slightly deeper so in 9, the apical part
and hind border, including hinder half or part of third posterior cell, axillary
and alular lobes and anal cell, clear or clearer and with slightly milky whitish
reflections, the base also clearer; veins yellowish; hind border in apical part
distinctly much narrower than first posterior cell; latter broadly open apically ;
apex of first submarginal cell tending to be narrower than that of second;
apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; axillary lobe and alula markedly broadish;
halteres brownish, their knobs darker above.

Legs with the hind femora thickened in both sexes, their double row of
spines below rather bluntish and on tubercles and from near base; hind tibiae
with numerous spicules on outer and lower aspect in apical half; basal segment
of hind tarsi much longer than claw-segment.

Genital segment in 2 with tergite 8 rather produced medially, with relatively
shortish vertical carina on last vertical tergite; oviscape with 7 or 8 yellowish
brownish spines on a side; last sternite depressed or grooved centrally.

Aypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 angularly or subangularly
pointed, though rounded at apex; sternite 9 conical, more rapidly narrowed
from about middle, transversely wrinkled basally, more longitudinally so
towards apex, covered with fairly dense yellowish or golden hairs, its processes

118 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(text-fig. 3, top left), in side view, S-curved, the apical half slender, curved up
apically and in dorsal view broadish and with longish hairs on outer side below.
From 8 gg and 1 @ (3 holotype, 2 allotype and 6 ¢ paratypes in the
Transvaal Museum, and 1 g paratype in the South African Museum).
Length of body: about 18-20-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12-14 mm
Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 20th December
1923) (types and 6 g paratypes) ; Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 1st December 1921)

(1 3 paratype).
Afroleptomydas rutilus n.sp.

A handsome, striking, fulvous reddish-haired species which, in its contrast-
ingly whitish-haired base of abdomen and pleurae, resembles omeri superficially,
but which is more closely related to flavitibialis. This species, unfortunately
represented in the collections before me by a unique 3 specimen only, which
was caught on flowers, is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or blackish, the antennae, clypeus, proboscis, thorax,
entire pleurae and abdomen above also black; hind margins of tergites 2-7
yellowish; bullae shining black, only narrowly separated above; upper half and
apical part of processes of sternite 9 and the sternite itself dark reddish brownish;
venter mainly dark or black, but hind margins of sternites fairly broadly
yellowish whitish, narrowly interrupted along middle, and hinder marginal
parts of sternites 6 and 7, as well as sides of tergite 8, infused with reddish
brownish; legs reddish brownish, the tibiae and tarsi slightly more yellowish
reddish or reddish, but front and middle femora darkened along their upper
surface and hind ones darkened along their inner face to near base and also
along the upper and outer apical half.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, head below, proboscis, postalar
calli, scutellum and abdomen above shining, the latter with the hind marginal
parts of tergites, however, dulled by greyish tomentum; integument of abdomen
itself finely transversely aciculate punctate, less so across bases of tergites; bare
parts of pleurae somewhat dulled by greyish whitish tomentum, more so than in
most of the other species in this category.

estiture rather dense and long, being dense and villose on hind femora, long
and dense on tergite 1, sides of 2-5 and sternites 1-5, and the shorter hairs on
abdomen above also dense; hair on following parts strikingly fulvous reddish:
on vertex, antennal segments 1 and 2, thorax above, mesopleural tuft in front of
wing-base, some hairs anteriorly on pteropleuron, tuft above posterior thoracic
spiracle, hairs on extreme sides of metanotum, shorter ones on disc of tergites
2-5 and all on rest of tergites and hypopygium, those on sternites 6-9, some
hairs on coxae below, those on front and middle femora and on outer and upper
apical half of hind femora and on entire tibiae and tarsi; rest of hairs on head,
body and hind femora contrastingly snow whitish; spines and spicules on legs
also fulvous reddish.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 11g

Head with the antennae rather stoutish, longer than thorax (eycluding
scutellum) ; segment 1 thickened, about 3 times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish,
thickened in apical part, longer than club; latter elongate-pyriform, broadest a
little beyond middle below (side view), equally gradually narrowed from
broadest part to base, its sensory area large, extending from broadest part below
to apex, the base slightly shortly constricted; proboscis stoutish, about 4:2 mm
long, with a few longish hairs basally below, its labella rather sharply pointed.

Wings rather broadish, very faintly tinged yellowish brownish, more
evident in middle parts, the hinder part appearing more greyish hyaline; veins
reddish in anterior part, darker, more blackish brownish in hinder half; knobs
of halteres dark blackish brownish above.

Legs rather stoutish, the hind femora thickened, their double row of spines
below beginning near base, situated on distinct tubercles; hind tibiae compara-
tively stoutish, slightly curved, with numerous well-developed spicules; basal
segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 triangular, angularly pointed
posteriorly; sternite g conically pointed, longitudinally grooved below, its
processes (text-fig. 3, middle left), in side view, S-curved, rather broadish
basally, more rapidly narrowed above from base to the slightly upcurved apical
part, in dorsal view broadish, slightly depressed above, directed inwards,
bluntly pointed, the apex itself bluntly rounded and the upcurved apical part
punctured above in outer apical part.

The ¢ holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 21 mm
Length of wing: about 14 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Matroosberg Station, on whitish flowers
of a species of Mesembryanthemum (South African Museum, December 1962).

From the ¢ of flavitibialis, to which species it is very closely related, this
species may at once be distinguished by the fulvous reddish hairs on thorax
above, part of pleurae, abdomen above and femora which contrast with the
rest of the whitish hairs on head and body; by the slightly duller pleurae,
covered with more extensive greyish whitish tomentum; less extensively
darkened femora; more yellowish reddish tibiae and tarsi; slightly more greyish
yellowish tinted wings; and proportionally shorter and broader processes of
sternite 9, of which the apical part is less slender and slightly less curved up.

Afroleptomydas zinni n.sp.

A rather densely-haired Koup Karoo species with yellowish-thorax, repre-
sented in the collections by a 3 specimen only, which superficially resembles
gesst from the Mossel Bay region very closely and with the ¢ of which it agrees
and differs as follows:

Body with the abdomen rather tapering posteriorly, the body almost
entirely black, even entire venter and greater part of hypopygium very dark
blackish brown or black; processes of sternite 9 reddish; legs, unlike those of

120 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

gessi, also mainly dark, only the extreme apices of femora, the lower apical part
of hind ones, lower surfaces of hind tibiae, apices of the others and lower surfaces
of tarsi more obscurely reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 and obscurely
across 7 yellowish whitish, those of 2-4 broadest; hind margins of sternites also
whitish on sides; bullae shining dark reddish brownish, not shining black as in
gessi, in vertical length relatively shorter and distinctly more widely separated
above.

Integument of central part of frons, postalar calli, scutellum, pleural parts and
abdomen above more or less shining, the latter above slightly less so than in
essi.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, metanotum, tergite 1,
on sides of following two tergites and on coxae long and dense as in gessz, but
appearing more villose, those on tergite 1 and coxae, however, distinctly denser
and slightly longer, more villose; those on head white and those on disc of
thorax pale yellowish or greyish yellowish, and those on basal part of abdomen,
on pleurae and coxae also tinted slightly greyish yellowish whitish, not con-
trastingly snow whitish as in gessz, only those on propleural prominence, proster-
nal part and longish ones on basal half of venter more whitish; shorter hairs on
rest of abdomen above slightly denser than in gesst and with a slightly more
greyish yellowish sheen, without such distinct longish ones on sides of tergites
beyond 3 as in gesst; hairs on legs distinctly very much longer, denser,
more villose, those on hind femora and tibiae, especially inner sides of latter,
very long and dense, reminiscent of lanipes, and all hairs on legs tinted slightly
greyish yellowish.

Head with the antennae relatively a little shorter than in gessi, a little
shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 thickened, about 3 times
length of 2; segment 3 elongate, longer than club, with a little less than its
apical third thickened segment-like; clubs pyriform, slightly more so than in
gessi, being broader relative to length, more rapidly narrowed to base; proboscis
nearly as long as, or subequal in length to, antennae, its labella arrow-head-
shaped, sharply pointed and rather large; palps a little longer than antennal
segment 2; postvertical spines not distinctly differentiated.

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish brownish as in gessi, more so in middle
parts; veins reddish brownish, paler towards base; other venational characters
as in gessi; knobs of halteres also darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora only very slightly thickened, much less so than
in gesst and most other species with yellowish-haired thorax, their double row of
spines below much fewer, longer, more widely separated and pallid (only about
4 on outer and 8 on inner aspect of left femur and 2 on outer and 2 on inner
aspect of right femur in unique specimen); hind tibiae rather stoutish; basal
segment of hind tarsi only a little longer than claw-segment.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite g much shorter than in gess1, though
also sharply angular apically; sternite 9 conical, its apical part or half more
delimited, feebly longitudinally wrinkled below, but basal half smoother and

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA Meat

more shining than in gessi, with distinctly longer and denser hairs, its processes
(text-fig. 3, bottom left) shorter than in gessz, not so S-curved, the apical slender
half in side view almost straight, in dorsal view narrower, blunter and more
rounded apically.

The unique holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 16-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Merweville in Laingsburg division (H. Zinn,
February 1941).

This species also has some resemblance to lanipes (Bezz.) in the general
shape of the body and the villose vestiture on body and legs, but may at once be
distinguished by the duller integument of thorax, entirely dark or black abdo-
men, much darker (not orange) bullae, much darker and longer legs, much less
thickened hind femora which have fewer, longer, more widely separated spines
below, the relatively longer wings, etc.

Afroleptomydas capensis n.sp.

A 3 specimen from the Cape Peninsula in the collections of the South
African Museum is still another species which, apart from the white hair on the
thorax, resembles the fasczatus of Wiedemann from the same region superficially.
It and the following series of species constitute a sort of subsection of the
westermanni section in which the thorax above is white-haired and not yellowish
or rufous-haired. From fasciatus it differs as follows:

Body with the clypeus more uniformly reddish brownish; the yellowish on
sides basally of tergite 1 less extensive, without any yellowish on extreme sides
of rest of tergites, the sides 2 and 3 being scarcely or only a little paler reddish
brownish or piceous brownish than rest of abdomen above; hind margins of
tergites 2-7 more yellowish whitish than whitish and relatively narrower; bullae
only orange reddish in hinder half, much closer together dorsally, almost
touching; venter less extensively yellowish, sternites 4-7 being on the whole
more darkened; legs similarly coloured, but on the whole less extensively
brownish on hind femora above.

Vestiture with the longish hairs on head, thorax, basal part of abdomen
and legs slightly less dense, especially those on thorax above distinctly less
dense and those on sides shorter; hairs on thorax above entirely snow whitish
like rest of hairs on body and legs.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer, longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum) which itself is relatively longer than in fasciatus; antennal segment 1
thickened, relatively longer, about 3-3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate,
similar, but distinctly longer than in fasciatus; clubs also relatively longer, less
than a fourth shorter than segment 3; clypeus distinctly larger, more prominent,
more like that of anthophilus; proboscis similar, but labella narrower, more
gradually acuminate apically; palps longer, more slender, much longer than
antennal segment 2.

122 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Wings relatively a little longer than in fasciatus, otherwise very similar, but
distinctly more hyaline, without the characteristic whitish subopacity of the
latter species.

Legs with the hind femora, though also distinctly thickened, relatively less
so than in fasciatus, at thickest part about as thick as combined length of tarsal
segments 2 and 3 of hind tarsi (much more than this tarsal relationship in
fasciatus).

Hypopygium with sternite 9g not so distinctly or coarsely grooved, more
pointed apically, its processes (side view) (text-fig. 3, top middle), slightly more
S-curved, more bent upwards and blunter apically than in fasciatus.

Length of body: about 16 mm
Length of wing: about 10-5 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Rondebosch in the Cape Peninsula (L.

Péringuey, 1889).

Afroleptomydas patruelis n.sp.
Leptomydas paganus (2) Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker), 19245: 214. (n.syn.)

Three jg and a Q, with whitish hair on the thorax, which belong to the
same category as capensis and the rest of the westermanni section described in the
following pages are obviously new. The 92 specimen from Stellenbosch was con-
sidered by Bezzi as the undescribed ° of paganus (Gerst.). As the true 99 of this
latter species were collected together with, and also in copulation with, the gg o
paganus (Gerst.) s.str. by the South African Museum expedition to Port Elizabeth
and its environs, the 2 specimen from Stellenbosch, which is specifically
different, cannot possibly be the undescribed 92 of paganus. Without doubt it
belongs to the same species as the three $¢ from the same locality. Another 3
specimen in the Transvaal Museum from the same locality was also wrongly
labelled by Engel as nivosus (Gerst.), a species which is really only the ¢ of
Gerstaecker’s humeralis.

The new species patruelis is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, but abdomen above and to a certain extent
dark pleural parts more dark piceous brownish than black; apical half of clubs,
thickened apical part of antennal segment 3, and in Q also basal antennal seg-
ments, more dark reddish brownish; clypeus on sides, more extensive in 9,
and proboscis below reddish brownish; humeral tubercles yellowish; sides of
thorax in front of wings and postalar calli in J, entire sides of thorax in 9 as well
as two submedial discal streaks to beyond middle, narrow base of thorax and
narrow hind border of scutellum in 2 reddish; metanotum in J either entirely
dark or with a small pale spot on each side as in capensis, but in 9 infused with
reddish on sides; pteropleural, metapleural, hypopleural and metasternal parts,
as well as sides of tergite 1, yellowish in both sexes as in capensis; venter mainly
yellowish in both sexes; hind margins of tergites 2-8 in gj and 2-6 in 2 whitish
or yellowish whitish, relatively broader than in capensis, more so in 2; processes
of sternite 9 in g¢ reddish brownish and apical half of this sternite yellowish;

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 123

last two abdominal segments in 9, excepting dark lateral edges of tergites,
yellowish brownish, the basal discal part of second last, however, slightly darker
and its broadish hind margin more yellowish; bullae shining black, not reddish
as in capensis, and also a little wider apart; legs mainly yellowish, the anterior
and middle coxae dark and more than apical halves of hind femora above and
on sides in § and above and more or less in apical third on outer sides in 9 dark
to blackish brownish; these femora more extensively darkened than in capensis;
a fainter streak along outer apical part or third of hind tibiae and claw-
segment of tarsi also darkened, more so in ¢.

Integument with the same parts shining as in most of the preceding species,
but that of thorax above in both sexes distinctly more shining than in capensis;
integument of hind margins of tergites 3-8 distinctly broadly dulled by greyish
bloom, not present in capensis.

Vestiture as long as in capenszs, but slightly denser, only a little shorter in 9
than in 4, all these long hairs, even on thorax above, entirely snow whitish;
shorter ones on abdomen above in ¢ and sparse reversed ones on middle parts of
abdomen in 9 whitish, but reversed ones on last two segments in 2 more yellow-
ish; hairs on legs also entirely whitish in both sexes.

Head with the antennae relatively much shorter than in capensis, a little
shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 thickened, about 3-3
times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish, relatively shorter than in capensis, its
apical third thickened; clubs more elongate-pyriform or vase-shaped, shorter
than segment 3; clypeus prominent; proboscis comparatively shorter and
stouter than in capensis, longer than vertical length of eyes, with a few longish
hairs basally below; palps distinct, thumb-shaped, longer than antennal seg-
ment 2.

Wings glassy hyaline; veins reddish, paler in anterior part; first posterior
cell broadly open apically; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked or meeting
third posterior cell at or almost at a point; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly thickened, at thickest part thicker than
combined length of hind tarsal segments 2 and 3, their double row of spines
below yellowish reddish; hind tibiae relatively stoutish, only very little S-curved,
less curved apically than in capensis; basal segment of hind tarsi usually longer
than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with about 7 brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 blunter than in
capensis, the lobes themselves shorter; sternite 9 blunter apically, distinctly
coarsely grooved as in fasciatus, its processes, in side view, relatively shorter than
in capensis, with the apical slender part also proportionally shorter, tending to
be less sharply curved upwards, in dorsal view broader, blunter apically.

From 3 gg and 1 2 (3g holotype and @ allotype in the South
African Museum and 2 ¢ paratypes in the Transvaal Museum). |

Length of body: about 14-19°5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-14 mm

124 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Distribution: South-western Cape: Stellenbosch (L. Péringuey, January
1888) (types and 1 g§ paratype); Stellenbosch (A. de Vries, 17th March 1927)

(1 ¢ paratype).

Afroleptomydas nitidus (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas nitidus Bezzi, 1924): 209.

This characteristic and slightly variable montane species which may at
once be recognized by its white vestiture, shining integument on body above
and mainly luteous legs is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black; sides of clypeus, pleural parts and abdomen above in
some gd tending to be more blackish brown or dark reddish brownish than
black; antennae very dark brownish, blackish brown, to black, the clubs either
dark in both sexes with only the middle or basal half appearing more dark
reddish or apical two-thirds orange yellowish in some 29; proboscis below dark
reddish brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-5 and sometimes faintly of 6 in ¢
whitish and those of 2-6 in 2 broader ivory yellowish and broader on sides
where the yellowish is sometimes also present on sides of 7 or even broadly on
sides of 6 and 7; extreme sides basally of tergite 1 and sometimes on 2 in Q
sometimes also yellowish to a variable extent; bullae vertically elongate, large,
shining black, space between them in ¢ narrower than their vertical length,
in Y about as wide as, or a little wider than, their vertical length; venter either
mainly yellowish or so to a variable extent, more so in Q, the last sternite in 9,
however, black, in 3 with only apical parts of sternites yellowish, the hind
margins of 1-6 whitish, especially on sides; lower hypopygial structures luteous
or yellowish, but last segment in 9 usually mainly black; legs mainly strikingly
pale yellowish or luteous, only the coxae, especially front and middle ones, in 3
at least, darkened or black, and inner or upper apical halves of hind femora to a
variable extent, especially in 3, and sometimes also upper surfaces of the others,
darkened.

Integument along middle part of frons, entire body above and along middle
parts or upper anterior half of pleurae highly shining, that on disc of thorax also
conspicuously shining under the hair-covering.

Vestiture without an anterior submedial patch of dull greyish white bloom
on each side discally of thorax; the hairs fairly long and dense on front half of
body, not in streaks on thorax above, long also on tergites 1 and 2 and sides of
3 and, in J, also fairly longish on sides of 4 and 5, with all these hairs, as well as
longish ones on venter and coxae, snow whitish; reversed ones on last three

~

abdominal segments in 2 somewhat sparse, sericeous yellowish to yellowish,
those on last two segments sometimes even slightly fulvous; hind margins of
tergites 5-8 in ¢ dull, due to whitish bloom; hairs on legs fairly dense and
longish, more so in 3, mainly white or at least the longer ones white, the shortish
ones on outer sides of hind femora gleaming more yellowish.

Head with the antennae a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;

segment 1 thickened, about 3-3-3 times length of 2; segment 3 slender, some-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 125

times appearing stouter in Q, a little more than its apical third slightly thickened,
longer than club; the latter dilated, subpyriform, broadest just beyond middle,
more bulging below, then gradually narrowed, sloping up to terminal promi-
nence, more rapidly and more shortly so on inner side above, the base of club
constricted neck-like; proboscis longer than vertical length of eyes, its labella
rather broad, ovate, and base of proboscis below with some longish white hairs;
palps distinct, longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present.

Wings glassy hyaline in J, in 9 very faintly tinted yellowish in middle parts;
veins yellowish reddish, darker in hinder part of wings; first posterior cell
broadly open; second submarginal cell rather narrowish basally; apex of
discoidal cell consistently shortly stalked; knobs of halteres darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora thickened, subspindle-shaped, their double row
of spines below luteous or yellowish, beginning near base; basal segment of hind
tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 6-8 dark reddish brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 sharply angular posteriorly ;
sternite 9 conically narrowed and rounded apically, its surface grooved to apex,
its processes, in side view, S-curved along their upper margins, bent downwards
and then slightly upwards, rather deeply grooved above to near apex in dorsal
view.

From several gg and 99, including the types, in the South African
Museum.

Length of body: about 15-5-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-14 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Matroosberg (alt. 3,500-4,000 ft) in
the Ceres division (Lightfoot, January 1917) (types); Upper sources of the
Olifants River in the Ceres division (Museum Expedition, December 1949).

Afroleptomydas nitens Beq.
Afroleptomydas nitens Bequaert, 1963: 20, fig. 5B.

Described by Bequaert from a single 2 specimen collected by the late
Mr. R. Turner at Ceres, but not represented in any of the collections submitted
to me. According to the description it is characterized by its pale colour, the
head, body and legs being mainly pale brownish or yellowish brownish; its
shining integument, including that of the thorax above; the rather broadish
yellowish hind margins of tergites 2-7; the large shining blackish bullae; its
entirely whitish vestiture, which on thorax above is not arranged in distinct
streaks; and its rather shortish and uniformly yellowish brownish tinted wings.

It appears to be nearest to the 2 of nztzdus (Bezz.) which also occurs in the
same geographical region, but, according to the description, it differs from the
latter in having almost the entire head and body paler, more pale yellowish
brownish, relatively shorter wings in relation to body-length, and a relatively
stouter and more bluntly pointed proboscis, with relatively shorter labella. As

126 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

nitidus, however, appears to be a slightly variable species, with at least one known
slight colour form from the upper sources of the Olifants River near Ceres, it is
quite possible that nitens may prove to be only another paler colour form of
Bezzi’s species.

In colour it appears to resemble flavirostris (Bezz.) which is also almost
entirely pale yellowish brownish, but in the latter the antennae are longer, the
proboscis is longer, the hairs on vertex and thorax above are yellowish or
fulvous, and the hind femora have apparently less dense, or fewer, long hairs
along outer basal part.

Length of body: about 17 mm

Length of wing: about 9-6 mm

Afroleptomydas sorbens n.sp.

Two ¢ specimens, caught on the reddish flowers of a species of Mesembryan-
themum near the railway station Constable by members of the South African
Museum, resemble the $¢ of nztzdus so closely that they may even be considered
as representing only a slight northern geographical variety of the latter. Distinct
differences in the shape of the processes of sternite 9, however, appear to exclude
them specifically from nitzdus, from the latter of which they differ in the following
respects:

Body and legs with the front and middle femora more extensively darkened
above, with a rather conspicuous black streak from base to near apex; hind
femora distinctly more extensively darkened above, the black extending also
along upper outer and upper inner apical half; hind coxae entirely dark or
blackish; hind margins of tergites 2-7 in one specimen whitish, but in the other
specimen only distinctly so on 2-5 (evidently hidden under greyish tomentum
across the rest) ; venter on the whole darker, more darkened, or at least with less
extensive yellowish.

Vestiture with the hairs on abdomen at least appearing distinctly denser.

Wings not entirely clear hyaline, but with a very feeble and scarcely
perceptible brownish tinge in middle parts, more evident in apical part of first
basal cell and around basal cross-veins of first posterior cell.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite g relatively longer and larger; processes
of sternite g distinctly longer, in side view appearing distinctly more slender,
being more gradually and continuously narrowed from base to apex, the apical
upcurved part not so distinctly delimited as in nitidus, and the processes in
ventral view slightly more gradually narrowed to apex.

Holotype and paratype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 17-18-3 mm
Length of wing: about 11-75-12 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Constable, about 17 miles north-east

of Touws River (South African Museum, December 1962).

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 127

Afroleptomydas similimus n.sp.

Another two ¢ specimens in the collections before me also very closely
resemble the species nzizdus and may almost be considered as only representing
a variety of it. As there are, however, slight, but distinct differences and also a
slight difference in the shape of the processes of the ninth sternite, they are
referred to a separate species which differs from the ¢ of nitidus in the following
respects:

Body also mainly black, similarly coloured, with most of the integument,
as well as that of thorax above, similarly shining; humeral tubercles, however,
not entirely black, but obscurely yellowish along outer surface, though also
densely covered with greyish tomentum; metapleural part just behind and
below halteres and sometimes also pteropleural part yellowish, not dark; sides
basally of tergite 1 yellowish, not dark or black as in natidus; hind margins of
tergites 2—7 (not 2-6 only) slightly more broadly whitish; hypopygial structures
mainly dark or blackish, only apices of processes of sternite 9 yellowish reddish
or reddish; hind margins of sternites 1-7 more broadly whitish, tending to be
more broadly interrupted in the middle; coxae, especially hind ones, either
entirely black or with less dark reddish or reddish towards their apices; the
luteous or yellowish legs with more extensive or more intense black on femora
above, the hind ones especially more extensively darkened or black along almost
entire upper surfaces and more than half outer and inner surfaces, and hind
tibiae not entirely yellowish, on the whole darker or much darkened or blackish
along outer surfaces apically or in apical part or along inner surface, and claw-
segment of tarsi also much darkened or black.

Vestiture very similar, also entirely snow whitish, but shortish hairs discally
from tergite 4 relatively denser.

Head with the antennae slightly shorter, shorter than, or subequal in length
to thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 thickened, about 2-6 times length
of 2; segment 3 proportionally slightly shorter than in nitidus, slightly less than
its apical third thickened; clubs similarly shaped and about as long; proboscis
distinctly shorter, only about 2-6—2-76 mm (at least 3 mm in nitidus), also with
some longish hairs basally below; palps minute, shorter than in nitidus, distinctly
shorter than antennal segment 2.

Wings as in nitidus, though very faintly, but distinctly, tinged more greyish
yellowish, not so clear hyaline as in nitidus; veins slightly darker; base of first
posterior cell tending to be distinctly broader and apex of this cell slightly more
narrowly open; appendix at base of second submarginal cell shorter.

Legs as in nitidus, the hind femora thickened to the same extent, similarly
spined below.

Aypopygium with sternite g distinctly more sharply conical, its apex verti-
cally carinate or subcarinate, not so bluntly rounded as in nzitidus, its processes
in side view slightly, but distinctly, longer, slightly more slender, with a slightly
longer apical slender part which is less curved upwards, in dorsal view slightly
less rapidly narrowed apically, the bluntly rounded apex slightly broader;

128 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

dorsal epimere of aedeagal apparatus projecting less, being shorter beyond the
two phallic tubes, distinctly less than the length of a tube (about as far as tube-
length in nztzdus).
Holotype in the South African Museum and paratype in the National
Museum of Rhodesia in Bulawayo.
Length of body: about 16-3-17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11-12 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Perdeberg near Malmesbury (C. Thorn,
February 1961) (holotype); Malmesbury (January 1947) (paratype).

Afroleptomydas nitidusculus n.sp.

Another montane species with the integument above also mainly shining,
but entirely different from both nztzdus and similimus. The only representative,
a g specimen, in the South African Museum, is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black, the antennae, proboscis below and abdomen in hinder
half slightly more dark piceous or blackish brown than black; clypeus and
humeral tubercles dark; postalar calli slightly dark reddish brownish; hind
margins of tergites 2-5, and to a narrower and more obscure extent also 6 and 7,
yellowish whitish; venter mainly dark reddish brownish, with obscure yellowish
on sides of sternites 2-4 and sides of 7 and 8, the hind margins of 2-5 also
yellowish on sides; bullae dark reddish brownish, the space between them
narrower than vertical length of bullae; hypopygium mainly reddish brownish;
legs with the coxae, femora above and in apical half below and more than apical
two-thirds of hind ones reddish- or castaneous brownish, the bases of front ones,
slightly less than basal third of hind femora, extreme apices of femora and all
the tibiae and tarsi yellowish, the claw-segments, however, slightly more
brownish above.

Integument of middle part of frons, greater part of dorsum of thorax, except-
ing the dull greyish bloom on humeral tubercles and a submedial anterior patch
on each side, the rest of thorax above, abdomen above and below, middle
anterior half of pleurae and to a certain extent metapleural part shining as in
nitidus.

Vestiture fairly dense and longish on head, thorax above, especially on sides,
on metanotum, pleurae, metasternum, tergites 1 and 2 and to a very much lesser
extent sides of 3, and all these hairs snow whitish, excepting the slightly yellowish
ones on antennal segments 1 and 2 above and the slightly faintly yellowish-
tinted postvertical spines and hairs on thorax above; rest of shortish hairs on
abdomen above and longish ones on venter whitish, gleaming slightly sericeous
yellowish in certain lights; hairs on front and middle coxae and posteriorly on
hind ones more fulvous yellowish; hairs on legs not very long, mainly whitish,
but those on outer sides of hind femora and all the tibiae with a slight yellowish
sheen; hind margins of tergites 3-8 with greyish whitish tomentum.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1
thickened, quite 3 times length of 2; segment 3 slender, much longer than club,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 129

a little less than apical third demarcated segment-like; clubs pyriform, broadest
before middle (side view), from there obliquely narrowed to terminal promi-
nence, their base constricted and extreme base more slender; proboscis longer
than vertical length of eyes, rather stoutish, with some longish whitish hairs
basally below; palps distinct, slightly longer than antennal segment 2.

Fic. 3. Side and dorsal views (all to same scale) of right process of sternite 9 of 3d of:
Afroleptomydas flavitibialis n.sp. (top left). Afroleptomydas capensis n.sp. (top middle). Afroleptomydas
sobrinus n.sp. (top right).

Afroleptomydas rutilus n.sp. (middle left). Afroleptomydas lampronotus n.sp. (middle middle). Afro-
leptomydas campestris n.sp. (middle right).

Afroleptomydas zinni n.sp. (bottom left). Afroleptomydas humeralis (Gerst.) (bottom middle).
Afroleptomydas psammophilus n.sp. (bottom right).

Wings greyish hyaline; veins reddish; apex of first posterior cell broadly
open; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; knobs of halteres dark brownish
above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below yellowish reddish; hind tibiae slightly curved near apex; basal segment
of hind tarsi slightly longer than claw-segment.

130 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Hypopygium with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 bluntly rounded,
their inner margins together forming a sharp angle; sternite 9 conical, narrowed
and bluntly rounded posteriorly, transversely wrinkled in basal half, then more
longitudinally so to apex, its processes, in side view, gradually narrowed to near
apex, bending first downwards and then upwards, in dorsal view slightly
depressed above along inner aspect, bluntly pointed apically.

The single holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-5 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Hex River (L. pene January 1888).

This species may prove to be the as yet unknown ¢ of /flavirostris (Bezz.)
from the same locality, but the much darkened legs, dark venter and shorter
and darker proboscis seem to exclude it.

Afroleptomydas lampronotus n.sp.

An easily recognizable shortish species belonging to this section without
bare streaks on the thorax and with the integument of the latter shining as in
nitidus and related forms. It shows sexual dichroism, with 99 which have the
dorsum of the adomen in part orange or ochreous yellowish as in braunsz,
sodalicus, flavidorsalis etc., representatives of the next section. The 99, moreover,
have some superficial resemblance to the asilid Hoplistomerus auriventris which
also occurs in the same region. It is characterized as follows:

Body relatively short, plump, the abdomen not very elongate, cylindrical
in g, less so and broader in Q, in both sexes curving downwards apically;
mainly black or very dark, more so in 3, but pleurae in 9 and sometimes also
dark parts of abdomen in 9, as well as extreme sides of posterior abdominal
segments in 3, more dark or very dark reddish brownish rather than black;
antennae dark brownish, dark reddish brownish to black in 9, blackish in 3,
the basal two-thirds of clubs more dark reddish, the clubs, however, appearing
greyish or greyish whitish, due to fine greyish whitish tomentum; vertex and
frons, as well as clypeus and face in 3g, black, but sides of vertex, sometimes
middle front part of frons, clypeus, sides on head below and sometimes even
sides of face in 2 dark reddish brownish to dark reddish; proboscis reddish
below, darker in 3; humeral tubercles black in 3, only dark reddish below their
bases, in 9 dark reddish as well as the humeral part around them, the tubercles
in both sexes, however, appearing greyish whitish, due to dense greyish tomen-
tum; postalar calli in § very dark reddish, almost black, in 2 more reddish
brownish as well as sides of thorax just above wing-bases and sometimes narrowly
and obscurely so across base in front of scutellum; posterior metapleural and
metasternal parts, as well as extreme sides basally of tergite 1, in 9 paler reddish
brownish; abdomen in 9 orange- or ochreous yellowish above on tergites 2-4
and medially discally on 5 to a variable extent, the sides of these tergites black
except across apical margins; hind margins of tergites 2-7 in g conspicuously
and rather broadly yellowish whitish, narrower on extreme sides, their basal

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA I3I

borders being slightly tinted orange; hind margin of tergite 1 in 2 reddish
brownish or dark reddish, those of 2-6 broadly pale yellowish or yellowish
whitish and also narrower on sides than discally, narrowest across 6; bullae
rather elongate vertically, dark reddish brownish or dark wine red, in 9 slightly
smaller, more widely separated and surrounded by dark; venter in ¢ yellowish
brownish in middle basally and in 9 so up to sternite 4, the rest of venter dark
reddish brownish, and hind margins of sternites 1-7 in ¢ and 1-6 in @ whitish,
usually more so on sides; processes of sternite 9 in 3: brownish; legs with the
femora dark brownish above, paler, more yellowish below, the front and middle
tibiae and bases of hind femora also more yellowish, the hind tibiae brownish,
and all tarsi more brownish, the claw-segments being darker.

Integument with the following parts distinctly shining: vertex, middle part
of frons, clypeus, head below, proboscis, dorsum of thorax and scutellum,
greater part of pleurae (anteriorly and metapleural part behind halteres), to a
slightly lesser extent metanotum, entire abdomen above and below, coxae, and
legs; integument of thorax above covered with minute setiferous punctures
which are separated by 4 indistinct, narrowish, less punctured, slightly less
shining streaks (two along central part and one on each side halfway to noto-
pleural edge) ; integument of abdomen in ¢ fairly densely covered with acicular
or ‘nadelrissig’, setiferous puncturation across base of tergite 2 and across rest
of tergites, reminiscent of that of 3 of lanipes, the setiferous puncturation on
tergite 1 being less transverse; abdomen in @ with dense, minute, setiferous
puncturation across tergite 1 and base of 2 and sides of 3, the rest of surface with
slight transverse striation, more evident laterally, with sparse, fine, setiferous
puncturation, denser on last three tergites, which latter are also coarsely trans-
versely wrinkled; integument of legs, especially femora, appearing transversely
wrinkled apart from the setiferous puncturation.

Vestiture with the hairs rather dense and long in both sexes, only a little
shorter in 9, dense and longish on tergites 1 and 2 and sides of 3, those on
thorax above not arranged in 5 streaks, but much denser and longer on sides;
those on legs, especially hind ones, dense and longish, more so and more villose
in 3, the hind tibiae on inner sides with long and dense hairs, only slightly less
dense in 9; hairs on abdomen in 4, apart from basal ones, fairly dense and long,
in 2 much sparser, slightly longer on sides in both sexes; those on venter long
in both sexes, only much denser in J; the hairs on head and body mainly snow
whitish, but those discally from tergite 2 in ¢ tinted yellowish or pale golden,
becoming paler, more whitish, towards apex, and the hairs on last four seg-
ments in 2 also more yellowish or even yellowish brownish, more so on last
segment; hairs on legs with the shorter ones tinted more yellowish, even darker
on hind femora above and hind tibiae below, but the longer ones more greyish
whitish, those on middle and hind coxae below even more fulvous, especially in
2; greyish whitish tomentum is present on sides of frons and face, antennal
clubs, behind eyes, humeral tubercles, propleurae, and more feebly on pleurae.

Head with the antennae in ¢ distinctly longer than thorax (excluding

132 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

scutellum), in 2 more often a little shorter; segment 1 not much thickened, about
3-2-3-6 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, with feeble annulations, slightly
thickened apically, distinctly longer than club itself; the latter pyriform, thickest
beyond middle and there about or nearly half as broad as long, inner apical
part sharply and obliquely sloping up to terminal tubercle, the extreme base
constricted neck-like, and the entire surface covered with greyish tomentum,
denser on sensory area; proboscis either a little longer or a little shorter than
thorax, or sometimes even the antennae, about 3-2-3:6 mm, sometimes with a
few longish hairs basally below in 9; palps distinct, longer in § than in 9; some
distinct yellowish postvertical spines present in 9. —

Wings rather markedly arched near base opposite cross-vein in costal cell,
both the alula and axillary lobe rather markedly broad, the wings distinctly
tinted yellowish brownish in middle parts along veins in those parts in both
sexes, though slightly darker in 9, with the base, greater part of costal cell,
basal part or upper basal part of first basal cell before base of third vein, alula,
axillary lobe, at least apical halves of marginal and first submarginal cells,
greater part of or entire second submarginal and first posterior cells and hind
border of wings clear or with a slight milky whitish tint, and to a lesser extent
also middle parts of anal, discoidal, and third posterior cells; veins yellowish
brownish, becoming darker apically and in hinder part; apex of discoidal cell
shortly stalked; hind border of wings slightly narrower than cells; base of costal
margin with some distinct longish hairs; halteres yellowish, their knobs brownish
above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened in both sexes, their double
row of spines below rather widely separated, long and stoutish, beginning near
base; tibiae curved, the hind ones rather thickened, armed in 9 with strong
spicules in apical part; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-
segment.

Genital segment in Q with last sternite depressed or grooved centrally for
most of its length; last vertical tergite with some coarse punctures near its lower
edge on each side; oviscape with about 7 or 8 yellowish brownish to brownish
spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 somewhat enclosed by seventh abdominal segment; lobes
of tergite 9 rather shortish, rather sharply pointed apically, sternite 9 conical,
bluntly rounded apically, with longish hairs on sides and basally below, its
processes in side view (text-fig. 3, middle middle) relatively slender, gradually
narrowed apically, the apical part curved upwards, with some sparse, longish
hairs on apical part along outer margin below, in dorsal view only slightly
narrowed apically, bluntly rounded at apex, shallowly grooved along inner side.

From 1 ¢ and 4 99 (types and paratypes in the Transvaal Museum).

Length of body: about 12°5-15 mm
Length of wing: about 9-11 mm

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 25th December

1920 (¢ holotype); roth December 1903 (@ allotype); December 1908 (2 9

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 133

paratypes) ; December 1912 (1 Q paratype)).

From the ¢ of lanipes, which the ¢ of this species resembles superficially,
it may at once be distinguished by the distinctly less dense hairs on body and
legs, whitish (not yellowish) hairs on thorax above, less pointed and more
infuscated wings, darker bullae, broader whitish hind margins of tergites,
relatively longer, slightly more incrassate hind femora, more slender processes
of sternite 9, shorter phallic tubes, etc.

From the ¢ of pseudolanipes Beq., which it resembles even more closely, it
may be distinguished by the longer antennae and proboscis, darker bullae,
broader whitish hind margins of tergites, infuscated wings, longer and stouter
hind femora which are not so strikingly and extensively luteous basally, and
broader processes of sternite 9.

Afroleptomydas humeralis Group.

This is ‘Group IIT of Bezzi and to it are assigned all those species which are
characterized by the following combination of characters:

Thorax discally above with distinct and conspicuous, delimited, longitudi-
nal, bare streaks between the hairs, the latter usually shorter, less dense, less
uniform, more definitely in streaks and usually with a narrow, central, linear
streak of hairs.

Abdomen above in 3g, and sometimes in 99 also, either or not, or not much,
shining, usually with discal patches or rings of either dull, dark or black, or
greyish whitish, tomentum, or sometimes even mainly or entirely dull.

Pleurae less extensively shining than in the westermannt group, with more
extensive tomentum, or even entirely covered with greyish whitish tomentum
to a variable extent.

Femora with the hind ones usually less thickened, or sometimes not or
scarcely thickened.

The following species are referred to this group:

Afroleptomydas humeralis (Gerst.) n.comb.

Leptomydas humeralis (2) Gerstaecker, 1868: 82, pl. 1, fig. 3. Bezzi, 19245: 211.
Leptomydas nivosus (3) Gerstaecker, 1868: 83. Séguy, 1960: 155. (n.syn.)

A slightly variable species from Namaqualand of which the 99 in the
collections before me agree in essentials with Gerstaecker’s original description
of a 2 specimen from the “Cape of Good Hope’ and which is also identical
specifically with certain $g and 99 identified as humeralis by Bezzi in 1924.
From Gerstaecker’s description of nivosus, based on a single 3 specimen, it is
quite evident that the latter merely represents a dark form of the 3 of humeralis
with which Gerstaecker was not acquainted and which shows some variability
in the colour of the clypeus and the presence or absence of reddish on the sides
of the thorax above. On the other hand the ¢ specimens and a @ specimen in
the South African Museum, identified as nivosus (Gerst.) by Bezzi (19245: 210),

134 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

do not agree with Gerstaecker’s description or with any of the ¢ forms of
humeralis and moreover do not constitute one species. The 2 gg from Cape Town
and Matjiesfontein respectively belong to fasciatus (Wied.) as stated under that
species, and the somewhat damaged 2 from Matjiesfontein is a new species
described farther on in this memoir as simulans. The third 3 from Hex River,
mentioned by Bezzi, is not represented in the collections by a labelled specimen.
It was either not labelled and may represent the new species described in this
paper as nitzdusculus in the westermannt group or it may be one of the other new
forms described by me from Hex River.

The species humeralis, as based on a series of oo and 99, is characterized
as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the abdomen above and pleural parts, and in 2
sometimes sides of vertex, however, sometimes more castaneous brownish to a
variable extent; antennae reddish brownish to entirely black, the clubs even in
2 mainly dark, though sometimes more dark reddish towards base; clypeus
usually mainly yellowish, but in some 3g sometimes only variably so on sides;
proboscis to a variable extent yellowish brownish below in apical half and below
bases of labella; humeral tubercles yellowish, but sometimes tending to be
darkened in some 4g; sides of thorax above and sometimes also anteriorly on
inner sides of humeral tubercles yellowish reddish or reddish to a variable
extent, but entirely dark in some 33; pteropleural and metapleural parts below
wings and to a variable extent hinder episternal and sternal parts, sides of
tergites 1 and 2 and sides basally of 3, and sometimes extreme sides of 3-5,
yellowish or yellowish brownish; hind margin of tergite 1 sometimes obscurely
brownish or yellowish brownish; hind margins of 2-5 in g and 2-5 (or some-
times also obscurely of 6) in 2 yellowish whitish or whitish, broader and more
conspicuous in Q; bullae orange, orange brownish to brownish, surrounded by a
coarsely transversely-ridged black margin, smaller in 2 than in g, separated
above in ¢ by a space as wide as, or narrower than, vertical length of bullae,
more or very broadly in 9; venter usually mainly dark or castaneous brownish,
the basal part or half sometimes yellowish to a variable extent, the hind margins
of sternites 1-5, or in 2 sometimes also 6, yellowish whitish or whitish on sides;
lower parts of hypopygium and processes of sternite 9 in ¢ with much yellowish
brownish or mainly so; legs mainly yellowish or yellowish brownish, the coxae
and upper faces of femora darkened, more piceous brownish to a variable extent.

Integument of middle parts of vertex and frons, head below, proboscis,
scutellum, anterior middle part of pleurae to a variable extent, mesosternum,
tergites 1 and 2 in both sexes, basal discal parts of tergites 3-6 and to a lesser
extent 7 in ¢ and 3-6 in Q shining or more or less shining; the abdomen in 9,
though not brilliantly shining, more extensively’so than in ¢ where at least
the apical halves discally and usually more than apical halves laterally of
tergites from 3 are dulled by greyish whitish tomentum; integument of abdo-
men in Q finely transversely wrinkled, becoming more coarsely so on last two or
three segments, rendering the abdomen less shining in hinder half.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 135

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax, in a submedial anterior tuft
on each side, on metanotum, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2 in both sexes and also on
sides of 3 in ¢ fairly long and dense, shaggy, slightly less so in 9, entirely snow
whitish; shorter hairs in two conspicuous, broadish, submedial, discal, whitish-
tomented streaks and in a narrow central streak on thorax above also snow
whitish; longish ones basally on venter also whitish; fine hairs on rest of abdo-
men above in ¢ very faintly tinted greyish yellowish or yellowish, and the
reversed ones on last two segments of 9 also tinted slightly more greyish yellowish
to even brownish; hairs on legs fairly long and dense, longer and denser in J,
entirely whitish.

Head with the vertex comparatively broad in both sexes, about or nearly
as broad as thorax anteriorly between inner margins of two humeral
tubercles; antennae rather elongate, slightly longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum) ; segment 1 slightly thickened, especially in 3, about 3 times length of
2; segment 3 elongate, slender, much longer than club (but not twice length of
club as stated by Gerstaecker); club pyriform to elongate-pyriform, more
truncated apically in 9; proboscis rather long, usually a little longer than
thorax, without or with only a few shortish hairs basally below, its labella
ovate, rather large, very finely striated longitudinally; palps distinct, longer
than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines only a few on each side near
middle, whitish or pallid, more distinct in 9.

Wings either entirely clear hyaline in both sexes, but more often so in 3
only, in 2 more often tinted greyish yellowish to yellowish or even yellowish
brownish, especially in middle parts and more so along the veins, more con-
spicuous in some 99, in both sexes tinted slightly milky whitish in clearer apical,
hinder and basal parts, more perceptible in certain lights; veins yellowish or
yellowish reddish; second submarginal cell sometimes tending to be rather
broad apically; apex of first posterior cell either broadly open or often tending
to be narrowed if second submarginal is broad apically; apex of discoidal cell
more often shortly stalked, but sometimes meeting third posterior cell at a point;
knobs of halteres brownish to almost black above.

Legs with the hind femora only very slightly, or scarcely, thickened, less so
in Q, their double row of spines below rather slender, whitish, pallid to pale
yellowish; basal segment of hind tarsi slender, slightly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with the lower middle part on each side of central carina
usually with some rugae and coarse sculpture, with about 7-9 spines on a side.

Aypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 usually and
to a variable extent slightly prolonged, subacute to bluntly angular at apex;
sternite 9 bluntly conically pointed, transversely wrinkled basally below, but on
sides with the wrinkles curving round in a longitudinal direction apically, the
upper half sometimes with rows of setiferous punctures, its processes (text-fig. 3,
bottom middle) slightly S-curved in side view, the upper margin more rapidly
narrowed to more slender apical fourth or fifth which is slightly curved upwards,
in dorsal view narrowed to a blunt point.

136 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

From a series of ¢g and 99 in the South African and Transvaal Museums.
Length of body: about 14-21-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9°5-14:5 mm
Distribution: North-western Cape: Namaqualand and Bushmanland
(October-November).

Afroleptomydas sobrinus n.sp.

A species almost indistinguishable from humeralis and which may almost be
considered as representing only a more southern variety of the latter. As the
slight differences, however, appear to be consistent in a series of §¢ and 99,
it is considered as a distinct species which is distinguished from humeralis and
forms of the latter by the following combination of characters:

Body with the bullae entirely shining black, not orange or reddish, rela-
tively larger and closer together above, especially in ¢; hind margins of tergites
2-4 (not 2-5 or 6) in g distinctly yellowish whitish and 2-6 (not sometimes 2-5)
in 9 consistently broadly so; yellowish on pteropleural, metapleural and hinder
episternal parts, and on sides of tergite 1, relatively less extensive; sides of vertex
more consistently entirely black in both sexes (not tending in 9 to be more often
reddish); legs on the whole distinctly much darker, the hind femora with
distinctly less yellowish below, usually entirely or almost entirely castaneous
brownish, and tibiae, especially hind ones, much darker, and the hind femora
comparatively even less thickened.

Integument with the same parts shining, but the transverse striae on abdo-
men of 9 comparatively finer, less coarse, even posteriorly.

Vestiture similar and similarly coloured, but two submedial streaks of
whitish tomentum on thorax comparatively broader.

Head with the antennae very similar, but relatively slightly shorter, though
also slightly longer than thorax; segment 3 proportionally shorter and its slight
thickening at apex distinctly much shorter; proboscis distinctly shorter, more
slender, subequal in length to, or shorter than, thorax (including scutellum), its
labella comparatively smaller, and with distinctly more and longer hairs at
base of proboscis below.

Wings very similar, but more consistently clear in 9, but usually more
faintly tinted if at all; veins on the whole darker.

Oviscape in 2 very similar, with 7-8 spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 also very similar, but posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9
usually even more produced; sternite 9 less conspicuously wrinkled, its pro-
cesses (text-fig. 3, top right) more gradually narrowed posteriorly, with fewer
hairs on outer side below, the slender apical part, in side view, relatively shorter,
and their apices much sharper.

From 18 $¢ and 8 99, including types, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-19-5 mm
Length of wing: about 8-5—14-5 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape coastal region: Leipoldtville-Elands Bay

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 137

(Museum Expedition, November 1948) (¢ holotype, 2 allotype and ¢ and
Q paratypes); Leipoldtville-—Elands Bay (South African Museum, November
1956) (gj and @ paratypes).

Afroleptomydas simulans n.sp.

Lepiomydas nivosus (2) Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker), 19246: 210. (n.syn.)

The somewhat damaged 9 specimen in the South African Museum, from
Matjiesfontein, which Bezzi described as the 9 of nivosus cannot be made to
agree with Gerstaecker’s description ofa unique specimen, and which species I
take to be the ¢ of his humeralis. This 9 is, however, much nearer to the 92 of
humeralis than to any other known species and may even be considered as repre-
senting a Koup Karoo variety of the latter. From 99 of humeralts it differs as follows:

Body similarly coloured, but sides of thorax above and postalar calli rela-
tively more broadly reddish; extreme sides of metanotum also distinctly
yellowish reddish; pteropleural, metapleural and posterior episternal parts more
extensively yellowish; sides of tergites 1 and 2 distinctly very much broader
yellowish, and discal parts of 1 and 2 obscurely, but distinctly, more ferrugi-
nous; hind margins of tergites 2—5 slightly more broadly yellowish, the medial
discal parts of 3-5, especially 3, more broadly so; bullae more brownish, sur-
rounded by only a very narrow, not broad and coarsely transversely-ridged,
black margin; integument of abdomen above with the transverse striae slightly
farther apart.

Vestiture similar, but short hairs on abdomen, apart from the longish basal
ones, distinctly sparser, less dense, more conspicuously so on two last segments.

Head with the antennae slightly shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 3 comparatively longer and stouter, its apical thickened part distinctly
shorter than in humeralis; club relatively longer, more elongate-pyriform;
proboscis about as long, but its labella markedly smaller and narrower, only
about a fourth length of proboscis (more or much more than a fourth in
humeralis).

Wings similarly tinted slightly yellowish brownish in middle parts; veins
also yellowish reddish, and other venational characters similar; hind margin of
squamae more brownish, not whitish; stem of halteres and margins of knob
brownish, not pallid above, but latter also brownish or dark in middle.

Legs similarly yellowish, but femora more distinctly, more extensively
darkened above, the hind ones slightly, though distinctly, more thickened, with
shorter, stouter, blunter, and deeper yellowish, more yellowish reddish, spines
below; basal segment of hind tarsi relatively shorter, subequal in length to
claw-segment.

Oviscape with 7-8 rather more slender spines on a side.

Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 12-5 mm

Distribution: Matjiesfontein (R. M. Lightfoot, November 1910) in the

south-western part of the Koup Karoo.

138 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afroleptomydas saeculus n.sp.

An almost entirely black Koup Karoo representative of the humeralis
of Namaqualand which is represented by some gd, as well as a 9 specimen
which I take to belong to the same species, in the collections before me. These
specimens differ from humeralis only in the following respects:

Body almost entirely black or dark; clypeus yellowish on sides to a variable
extent, but sometimes even black; humeral tubercles and sides of thorax above
entirely black; pteropleural and metapleural parts usually black and posterior
episternal part less extensively or less obviously yellowish, sometimes also mainly
black; extreme sides only of tergite 1 with two transverse yellowish marks,
sometimes much reduced or even wanting; hind margins of tergites 2-4 and
sometimes sides of 5 or even 6 in ¢ whitish, and 2-4 broadly and 5 more
obscurely yellowish whitish in 92; bullae, as in humeralis, orange yellowish,
orange brownish to reddish, dark or black-margined, separated above in 3
by a space subequal in length to, or a little wider than, vertical length of bullae,
in 2 wider; hind margins of sternites 1-4 or 5 only whitish on extreme sides,
usually darkened in middle; venter itself even more extensively darkened than in
humeralis, only sternites 1 or 2 or 1-3 slightly yellowish in some 34, but otherwise
entirely dark in gj and 9.

Integument with the same parts shining, but basal discal shining parts of
tergites in $ more extensive, and with the greyish whitish bloom or pattern on
abdomen in ¢ very similar; tergites 7 and 8 in Q distinctly less coarsely trans-
versely striated than in humeralis.

Vestiture with the hairs as long as and as dense as in Aumeralis and sobrinus,
also snow whitish; those on abdomen similar to those of Aumeralis; outer or
lateral bare streaks on thorax above relatively narrower.

Head with the antennae proportionally distinctly much shorter, usually a
little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 relatively shorter
than in Aumeralis, slightly thickened, slightly more than 2-5, or nearly 3, times
length of 2; segment 3 proportionally shorter than in Aumeralis, longer than club,
shorter than interocular space on vertex, its apical thickened part usually a
little less than apical third; club, in ¢ especially, more distinctly pyriform, less
elongate, more rapidly dilated above from middle; proboscis very similar, but
more slender, with smaller labella, about as long as, or more usually a little
longer than, thorax (excluding scutellum), usually with a few longish hairs
near its base below; palps distinctly, longer than antennal segment 2; post-
vertical spines not distinctly differentiated in 3, pallid in 9.

Wings also clear or only greyish hyaline, though sometimes very faintly tinted
yellowish brownish in ¢ and more so in 9; veins yellowish reddish to reddish;
second submarginal cell with a relatively shorter or very short appendix basally,
usually less dilated basally and sometimes tending to be narrower apically than
first submarginal; first posterior cell also broadly or more narrowly open
apically, its outer vein, however, tending to be less roundly curved outwards in
apical part than in humeralis; other venational characters similar; halteres also

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 139

pallid or whitish, the middle of knobs dark above.

Legs on the whole darker, deeper yellowish brownish to brownish, the
upper faces of femora also darkened, with the hairs about as long and silvery
whitish, but longish ones on hind femora distinctly less dense than in humeralis ;
hind femora more slender, distinctly less, or scarcely, thickened; basal segment
of hind tarsi also slightly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 9 with about 7 spines visible on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 blunter, less
angularly produced; sternite g relatively shorter, not, or less, or only very feebly,
transversely wrinkled basally below, its processes relatively shorter, less curved
up apically than in humeralts.

From 4 gg and 1 9, including the types, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-17 mm
Length of wing: about g-11-5 mm

Distribution: South-western Koup Karoo: Koup Siding—Laingsburg
(Museum Expedition, October 1952) (¢ holotype and 2 g paratypes). Tankwa
Karoo, west of Matjiesfontein: Waterval (Museum Expedition, November
1952) (2 allotype); Dikbome near Merweville (Museum Expedition, October
1952) (1 3 paratype).

The ¢ paratype from Dikbome represents a variety which is slightly larger,
with entirely black clypeus and slightly longer proboscis (about 3:2 mm),
slightly longer and stouter antennae, and clearer, more hyaline wings.

Afroleptomydas campestris n.sp.

A slightly variable southern Karoo species, belonging to the saeculus and
sodalicus category of the humeralis group, mostly found sitting on the ground, but
sometimes also on the flowers of species of Mesembryanthemum. It is characterized
as follows:

Body mainly dark or black; clypeus or sides of it reddish brownish to a
variable extent; antennal segments 1 and 2 sometimes with a slight reddish or
dark piceous reddish tint, especially in 9; proboscis below also reddish brownish
to a variable extent, especially in 9; humeral tubercles dark or black, but,
area between the base and anterior spiracle often tinted slightly reddish brown-
ish; pleurae mainly dark, but metapleural part behind posterior thoracic
spiracle yellowish brownish to reddish brownish, the spiracle itself usually
similarly coloured, and raised parts in front of it tending to be dark reddish
brownish or piceous to a variable extent; sides basally, extreme side and sides
apically of tergite 1, sides of 2 (often relatively broadly), to a variable extent
extreme sides intramarginally of 3, 4 and even base of 5 (or in ¢ sometimes
entire length of 5), as well as base of venter or sides of sternites 2—5 (especially
in 3), to a variable extent yellowish, pale yellowish brownish to reddish
brownish; venter in 9 usually mainly dark, only slightly paler or yellowish
brownish on sides of sternites 2 and 3 and base of 4; hind margins of tergites
2, 3 and sides of 4, or 2-4 and sides of 5, in 3 yellowish whitish (that of 2 often

140 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

dark between bullae), and 2—5 or 6 in 2 more broadly or fairly broadly yellowish
whitish or yellowish, sometimes with their basal margin tinted slightly more
orange and tending to be more broadened along middorsal line; hind margins
of corresponding sternites also yellowish whitish on sides; bullae usually shining
black, though sometimes with a slight obscure dark reddish brownish or piceous
tint across middle, smaller and more broadly separated in Q, in both sexes with
the basal part radiately grooved or striate; apical part of processes of sternite
g in J, and even entire sternite, and often lateral margin of lobes of tergite 9,
tinted more piceous dark reddish to dark blackish red; legs very dark castaneous
brownish, blackish brownish or piceous brownish, the outer face of front and
middle femora and inner lower face of hind ones yellowish brownish to reddish
brownish, and the tibiae and tarsi also yellowish brownish, though hind tibiae
sometimes rather dark along outer aspect.

Integument of middle part of frons, to a large extent the clypeus, head below,
proboscis, middle anterior (or sternopleural and mesopleural) part of pleurae,
scutellum, greater part of abdomen (excepting under the broadish apical rings
of greyish tomentum on tergites in g), and the legs shining; rest of head and
pleurae dulled by greyish whitish tomentum; thorax above and metanotum
dull; integument of abdomen above in ¢ finely transversely striate, especially
across more or less apical halves of tergites from 3, and covered with sparse,
minute, setiferous puncturation, more coarsely transversely striate in 9,
especially across last three segments; integument of hind femora finely trans-
versely striate, more so in Q.

Vestiture fairly long and dense on head, sides of thorax above, pleural parts,
sides of metanotum, tergite 1, sides of 2 and 3 (in J at least), at base of venter,
metasternal part and hind coxae, and all these hairs entirely snow whitish;
shortish ones on disc of thorax in 3 streaks on 3 streaks of greyish tomentum also
whitish; shortish, not very dense, ones on rest of abdomen in g mainly whitish,
but sometimes gleaming very slightly sericeous yellowish on basal, dark, shining,
discal parts of tergites, in 2 also not very dense, slightly longer and more evident
on sides than above, mainly pale, but denser reversed ones on last three segments
appearing slightly more yellowish in certain lights; abdomen in J with a little
less than apical halves of tergites from 3 dulled by greyish whitish tomentum,
broadened on sides to extend towards base; hairs on legs also mainly whitish,
those on front and middle femora above longish, those on hind femora with
sparse, longish ones along inner face and in basal half above, the rest shortish,
and also with rather sparse longish ones along inner face of hind tibiae; spines
and spicules on legs yellowish whitish, pallid, to whitish.

Head with some postvertical spines present; antennae distinctly much
longer than the rather shortish thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about
3 or 3:3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, subequal in length to, or a little
longer than, width of interocular space on vertex, also more than half length of
thorax, longer than club, its apical part distinctly thickened segment-like;
club elongate-pyriform, rather rapidly broadened from about or a little beyond

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 141

middle, usually slightly more so above, thus appearing slightly hollow-backed,
its sensory area sloping obliquely upwards to tubercular prominence, its base
distinctly shortly constricted; proboscis rather longish, about 3-2-3-68 mm,
usually slightly longer than thorax above, without distinct longish hairs below;
palps distinct, of variable length, sometimes reaching length of antennal seg-
ment I, its apical segment not markedly narrower than basal one.

Wings in 3 almost clear hyaline, to a variable extent very faintly tinted
brownish from base of marginal cell towards apex, more so along veins, in 9
more distinctly tinted smoky brownish and more so along veins; apex of dis-
coidal cell shortly stalked; knobs of halteres blackish brown above.

Legs slender, with the hind femora only slightly thickened, their double row
of spines below relatively shortish, beginning near base; hind tibiae slightly
curved near apex, their well-developed spicules arranged in an outer lower and
an inner apical row; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly longer than claw-
segment; claws in 3 longer and more rapidly curved down apically, especially
hind ones, in 2 proportionally shorter, more sickle-shaped; pulvilli in ¢ much
broader and longer than in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with from 6-9 dark brownish to blackish brown spines on a
side.

Hypopygium of 3 with sternite g conical, transversely grooved basally below,
more longitudinally so on sides, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 3, middle
right), S-curved, more rapidly narrowed above than below, ending in a slender
upturned apical part, with the hairs below longer and stiffer near base, the
processes in dorsal view rather sharply pointed apically; epimere of aedeagal
apparatus slightly broadened apically (shoe-horn-shaped).

From 25 gg and 7 99 (¢ holotype, 2 allotype, 23 g and 5 2 paratypes in
the South African Museum, and a 3 and @ paratypes in the Transvaal Museum).

Length of body: about 16-5-22 mm
Length of wing: about 11-14 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: 18 miles east of Touws River along
railway line to Ladismith, mostly on the ground, but one paratype on the
whitish flowers of a species of Mesembryanthemum (South African Museum,
December 1962 (J holotype, 9 allotype, 18 g and 4 9 paratypes); 18 miles
south-east of Touws River (C. D. Michener, 12th November 1966) (2 3 and
1 2 paratypes); half-way along road between Touws River and Hottentots
Kloof on reddish flowers of a Mesembryanthemum (South African Museum,
December 1962) (3 g and 1 Q paratypes)). Constable, north-east of Touws
River, on reddish flowers of a Mesembryanthemum (South African Museum,
December 1962) (1 3 paratype).

From saeculus, which it closely resembles, this species may at once be
distinguished by the distinctly longer antennae of which segment 3 is propor-
tionally longer, as long as or slightly longer than interocular space on vertex;
the more extensive yellowish on sides of tergites 1 and 2 and even extreme sides
of 3 and 4; dark bullae; denser and longer hairs on abdomen, hind femora and

142 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

tibiae; and more extensively darkened femora.

From sodalicus and vallicolus it may be separated by the dark bullae, slightly
more tinged wings, darker veins, and in ¢ by the distinctly more S-curved
processes of sternite 9g which are more rapidly narrowed, especially above, and
with a more delimited upcurved apical part.

Afroleptomydas inopinus n.sp.

A species very near campestris, of which it may even be considered as a
subspecies. It is unfortunately represented in the collections before me by only
a single 2 specimen which is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black; sides of clypeus reddish brownish; humeral tubercles
yellowish; hind border of pteropleuron, tubercle in front of halteres, sutural
part below the latter, to a certain extent upper border of hypopleuron, meta-
pleural part below halteres, sides of tergite 1 basally and to a smaller extent
apically, sides of tergite 2 and to a fainter extent extreme sides and base laterally
of 3, base on sides of 4, sternites 1, 2, base and extreme sides of 3 and base of 4
laterally yellowish brownish or yellowish reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-5
yellowish and those of corresponding sternites also yellowish on sides; bullae
black, widely separated above; legs with the femora dark blackish brownish
above, the hind ones being more so along inner aspect, and the tarsi yellowish
brownish.

Integument of middle part of frons, head below, proboscis, scutellum, middle
parts of pleurae, and greater part of abdomen above shining; disc of thorax
dull, with streaks of greyish tomentum under the streaks of hair; metanotum also
dull; abdomen above transversely striate from tergite 3, denser and coarser
posteriorly; integument of legs also mainly shining.

Vestiture fairly dense and longish on head, sides of thorax above, sides of
metanotum, pleurae, tergite 1, sides of 2 and on coxae, and entirely whitish;
shortish ones on disc of thorax in two broadish submedial streaks and a narrow
central one; shortish hairs on rest of abdomen above rather sparse, whitish,
only those on last two abdominal segments tinted very slightly more greyish
yellowish; hairs on legs mainly whitish, longish on front and middle femora
above, shortish on hind ones, but with longish ones also above in basal half,
and with sparse, longish ones along inner lower aspect of hind tibiae; spines
and spicules on legs pallid.

Head with some pale postvertical spines; antennae longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about 3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate,
much longer than interocular space on vertex, much longer than club; latter
slightly elongate-pyriform, more rapidly broadened below from just beyond
middle, the sensory area sloping up, the base very shortly or scarcely constricted ;
proboscis rather long, slightly longer than thorax, about 3-6 mm; palps distinct,
nearly or about as long as antennal segment 1, their apical segment distinct,
narrower and shorter than basal part.

Wings clear hyaline in more or less basal fourth and axillary part, distinctly

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 143

tinted brownish beyond, more distinctly so along veins; veins dark brownish;
appendix at base of second submarginal cell rather long; apex of discoidal cell
shortly stalked; knobs of halteres blackish brown above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below beginning near base, the spines rather shortish; hind tibiae
slightly curved near apex, with fairly longish spicules below, beginning at
about basal third; basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Genital segments with sternite 8 slightly depressed medially near apex;
oviscape with about 6 or 7 shortish and brownish spines on a side.

From a single 2 holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 13 mm

Distribution : South-western Cape: Ouberg Pass, south-east of Touws River
(South African Museum, December 1962).

As may be seen from the description this species is very near and almost
identical with 99 of campestris. From the @ of the latter it may, however, be
distinguished by the proportionally much longer antennal segment 3 (propor-
tions of 10:9) and which is very much longer than interocular space on vertex ;
the proportionally shorter club (proportions of 10:11), with scarcely any basal
constriction; the yellowish humeral tubercles; and slightly more extensive
yellowish reddish on pleurae (which more distinctly occupies hind border of
pteropleuron), tubercle in front of halteres, sutural part below latter, to a certain
extent upper border of hypopleuron and metapleural part below halteres.

Afroleptomydas marginipunctatus n.sp.

Another Western Cape and coastal species, belonging to the humeralis
group, and which is very near humeralis and sobrinus. From these two species it
may, apart from its consistently smaller size, however, be separated by the
following characters:

Body similarly coloured, with the same parts more or less yellowish reddish,
but with the yellowish on sides of abdomen more consistently perceptible as a
narrow, intramarginal streak along extreme sides of tergites 2-5 and, in Q,
sometimes along the rest as well; extreme base of thorax sometimes transversely
obscurely reddish in 9; yellowish on pleurae usually less extensive, the ptero-
pleuron and sometimes metapleural part in front of halteres being dark; venter
usually more extensively yellowish up to at least sternite 5, sometimes beyond
it or even entirely so, especially in 9; hind margins of tergites 2-4, and 5 laterally,
in j narrowly, and 2-6 in 2 more broadly, yellowish whitish or whitish; hind
margin of tergite 1 obscurely brownish to yellowish; bullae shining black as in
sobrinus, separated above in ¢ by a space as wide as, or narrower than, bullae,
broader in Q, but less broadly so than in humeralts.

Integument with the same parts shining as in the other two species andl the
whitish tomentum on tergites disposed in the same way, but with the abdomen
above as in sobrinus, shining to apex and striae less coarse than in humeralis;

144 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

tergite 7 on each extreme side intramarginally with a consistent row of
impressed, rivet-like, shining punctures in both sexes, sometimes also with some
along preceding tergites, especially in 9 (these punctures absent in the other two
species or represented by only a few).

Vestiture with the hairs as dense and as long as, and also snow whitish as in
the other two species, but the two submedial dark bare streaks on thorax above
much narrower than in humeralis, more like those of sobrinus.

Head with the antennae comparatively much shorter, a little longer than
thorax (excluding scutellum) which latter itself is, however, shorter than in the
other two species, the antennal segments proportionally shorter; segment 1 a
little more than twice length of 2, slightly thickened in 3, more slender in 9;
segment 3 a little longer than articulating part and club together, a little more
than its apical third segment-like, but scarcely thickened; clubs relatively
stouter, more pyriform, especially the dilated part beyond articulating section;
proboscis subequal in length to shortish thorax, relatively much shorter than in
both humeralis and sobrinus, with some distinct longish hairs basally below; palps
distinct, sometimes slender and longer than antennal segment 2.

Wings very similar, relatively narrower, clear hyaline in d, faintly tinted
yellowish brownish in middle parts in 2, though not so dark as in some 99 of
humeralis; venational characters similar, but appendix at base of second sub-
marginal cell tending to be much shorter, sometimes very short or even absent;
halteres also pallid, with middle part of knobs above dark brownish.

Legs mainly yellowish as in humeralis, with equally dense hairs, the femora
also darkened above, the hind ones a little more extensively than in humeralis,
but not so much as in sobrinus; hind ones even less thickened than in either of
the other two species, their double row of spines below slender, pallid, or
whitish, beginning just before middle; hind tibiae with rather longish spicules
or spurs apically; basal segment of hind tarsi also longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 6-8 spatulate spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite g much like those of humeralts;
sternite g similar, but not or only feebly transversely wrinkled basally, its
processes (text-fig. 4, top right) more like those of sobrinus, their apical slender
parts (side view), however, shorter than in humeralis, and outer side below with
relatively fewer hairs than in latter species.

From 5 gd and g 99, including the types, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-5-17 mm
Length of wing: about g-11-5 mm

Distribution: Coastal region of south-western Cape: Papendorp near mouth

of Olifants River (Museum Expedition, October 1950).

Afroleptomydas psammophilus n.sp.

A sand- and dune-frequenting species from the western Cape which has a
superficial resemblance to humeralis, but is characterized as follows:
Body mainly black, but following parts yellowish, yellowish reddish or

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 145

yellowish brownish: greater part or entire sides of clypeus (excepting sometimes
dark, central, dorsal part), sometimes lower part of proboscis, humeral tuber-
cles, broadish sides of thorax above, including part on inner sides of humeral
tubercles, usually extending down along upper margin of mesopleuron in front
of wings, postalar calli, extreme sides of metanotum, pteropleural and meta-
pleural parts, upper part of hypopleuron, posterior episternal part, sides of
tergites 1 and 2, an intramarginal streak along extreme sides of 3 and 4, and
basally of 5 in gj and to a fainter extent in Q, sternites 1-4 and part or sides of 5
in ¢ and to a lesser or darker extent 1-3 (or sometimes also 4) in 9, upper part
of sclerite on sides above sternite 8 in 3g, apical parts of lobes of tergite 9, and
lower part and processes of sternite 9, as well as greater part of this sternite
itself, in g; antennae piceous brownish or dark reddish brownish, sometimes
blackish brown, the greater part of clubs in 2 sometimes appearing dark reddish,
and antennal segment 1 in 9 sometimes reddish below; legs mainly piceous
brownish or dark reddish brownish, the hinder faces of front and middle femora
more yellowish, and lower surfaces of hind ones more reddish, the tibiae and
tarsi a little paler, more yellowish than femora; coxae dark blackish brownish
or black, only outer surfaces of hind ones being more yellowish brownish; hind
margins of tergites 2-4, and sometimes of 5, yellowish whitish in 3, and 2-5
in 2 more broadly so; hind margins of corresponding sternites also yellowish
whitish only on extreme sides, or often only obscurely so; bullae fairly large,
reddish brownish, orange brownish to wine reddish, reddish, or even, in some
29, black, dark-margined, sometimes smallish in some 99, separated above in 3
by a space usually narrower than vertical length of bullae, more broadly so in @.

Integument with the following parts shining: middle part of frons, head
below, proboscis, hind part of scutellum, oblique middle parts of pleurae,
tergites 1 and 2 in both sexes, rest of abdomen above in 9, and discal parts on
at least basal halves of tergites 3-5 and to a certain extent basal discal parts
also of 6 or even 7 in g; the apical and lateral parts of these tergites in $ dulled
by greyish whitish tomentum; last two abdominal segments of 2 rather coarsely
transversely striate.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax, metanotum, prosternal,
pteropleural, metapleural, and metasternal parts, on tergites 1 and 2, and in
3 sides of 3 and to a lesser extent sides of 4 and also on sternites 1-3, as well as
on coxae in both sexes, longish and dense, but relatively shorter in 9, entirely
snow whitish; hairs on disc of thorax in two broadish, submedial streaks and a
narrow central one (separated by the usual bare streaks), slightly shorter than
those on sides, also whitish; fine hairs on rest of abdomen in ¢ greyish whitish,
but those below processes of sternite 9 and on the sternite itself more yellowish
to golden or yellowish brownish; fine and sparse, short hairs on abdomen in
2 whitish, the longer and denser reversed ones on last two segments yellowish
brownish to brownish, those on oviscape almost black; hairs on legs not very
dense and long, not so dense and long as in humeralis.

Head with the antennae rather long, stoutish, much longer than thorax

146 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(excluding scutellum); segment 1 slightly thickened, in ¢ at least, relatively
long, about 3:5-3-6 times length of 2; segment 2 with a crown of shortish,
yellowish or golden hairs; segment 3 stoutish, a little longer than club plus
articulating part, with a little more than its apical third thickened segment-
like; clubs relatively elongate, elongate-pyriform, becoming relatively gradually
thickened towards apices, their bases rapidly narrowed or constricted before
junction of articulating part; proboscis relatively short, stoutish, shorter than
thorax, without any longish hairs basally below;.palps minute, or only a little
longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines well developed.

Wings greyish hyaline in both sexes, with a feeble whitish tint, but often
faintly tinted brownish, distinctly more so in some 99, and especially so along
veins in middle parts, the basal third of wings being hyaline, in ¢ usually also
with slight narrow dark borders along basal veins of second submarginal and
first posterior cells; veins brownish; appendix at base of second submarginal
cell longish; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; first posterior cell usually
broadly open apically; knobs of halteres blackish brown above.

Legs rather long, with the hind femora also rather long, distinctly thickened,
their double row of spines below shortish, pallid or yellowish, and beginning
from near base; hind tibiae rather stoutish, curved, especially near apices,
granular below, with distinctly more numerous spicules, especially on outer
sides below, than in humeralis and related forms; basal segment of hind tarsi
not longer than claw-segment, more or less subequal to it in length.

Oviscape usually convergently striated in inner posterior angles of sclerite
on each side of vertical carina, the spine-bearing sclerites each with about 7—9
spines.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 usually
distinctly produced lobe-like; sternite g conically pointed, somewhat con-
stricted nearer apex, transversely wrinkled basally below, rather densely hairy
below, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 3, bottom right), S-curved, rather
rapidly narrowed towards apices, with more or less their apical fourth slender,
horizontal or slightly tilted up, in dorsal view rather acutely pointed apically.

From 18 §g and 10 Q9, including the types, in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 17-25 mm
Length of wing: about 11-15 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Paleisheuwel (Museum Expedition,
November 1948) (¢ holotype, 2 allotype, 16 g paratypes, and 7 9 paratypes) ;
Bulhoek between Clanwilliam and Klawer (Museum Expedition, October

1950) (1 ¢ and 2 Q paratypes).

Afroleptomydas braunsi (Bezz.) n.comb.

Leptomydas braunsi Bezzi, 19245: 211. Bequaert, 1959: 367, 370.

This species from Willowmore with its rufous-backed 9 was the first
dichroic form of this genus to be described from South Africa. In the collections

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 147

of the Transvaal Museum are 4 3¢ and 4 99, one pair of which was taken in
copulation by the late Dr. Brauns. All the specimens have been caught during
November and two QQ in the same year as the type specimens. The species is
apparently slightly variable and Bezzi’s description of his 3 and @ is not strictly
applicable to this species in general. Moreover, as there are several other South
African species with rufous-backed 99, two of which also occur at Willowmore,
Bezzi’s description may easily lead to confusion.

The species is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the pleurae in both sexes and the dark parts of
abdomen in ¢ being sometimes more castaneous brownish than entirely black;
antennae blackish brownish or dark reddish brownish; clypeus yellowish or
yellowish brownish in both sexes, slightly darker above; proboscis yellowish
brownish below; humeral tubercles dark in 3, but these and anterior spiracles.
in 2 yellowish; sides of thorax above and postalar calli in 9 obscurely reddish,
only postalar calli in g very dark reddish brownish; metapleural and meta-
sternal parts, sides basally and apically of tergite 1, extreme sides of tergite 2,
and in J also very narrowly those of 3-4 (or 5), to a variable extent yellowish;
hind margins of tergites 2—5 (or sides of 5) in g yellowish whitish and those of
2-6 (or only sides of 6) in Q yellowish; bullae ochreous brownish, reddish
brownish, blackish brown to shining black, dark-bordered; abdomen above in 9
ochreous brownish or orange brownish discally to a variable extent from ter-
gites 2-6, that on 5 and 6 present only discally and that on 6 usually small,
confined to hinder part and sometimes even absent, that on 2 sometimes not
uniformly ochreous, and sides of 2—5 with large black spots, the one on sides of
5 the largest, and sides of hind margins opposite the black spots more whitish
than yellowish; abdomen in 3 appearing greyish, due to greyish whitish tomen-
tum which is absent on tergites 1 and 2, basal two-thirds discally on 3 and 4 and
basal half discally of 5 and to a certain extent that of 6; venter mainly yellowish
on sternites 1-4 (or 5) in g and 1-3 and basally across 4 in 9, the rest dark,
though in one § more brownish, the hind margins of sternites whitish on sides
of 1-4 (or 5) in § and 1-5 in 9, the middle parts of these margins in 9 more
yellowish and with that of 6 sometimes obscurely dirty yellowish; hypopygium
of 3, excepting dorsal anal lappets, mainly yellowish; legs mainly yellowish
brownish or slightly pale reddish brownish, the femora, especially hind ones,
appearing darkened above.

Integument of part of vertex, central part of frons, middle dorsal part of
clypeus, sides of head below, proboscis, anterior middle parts of pleurae,
scutellum, tergites 1-6 in 9, and untomented dark basal parts on 3-6 in d,
shining; hinder part of abdomen dull in both sexes, though in 2 sometimes
subshining ; integument of thorax above and metanotum dull in both sexes, due
to microscopic leathery microsculpture; legs very little shining.

Vestiture with the hairs fairly long and dense in both sexes, though slightly
shorter at base of abdomen (tergites 1 and 2) in 9, and slightly less dense on
legs in 9, though not scarce and short as stated by Bezzi; those on hind tibiae in

148 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

both sexes longish along inner sides, though slightly less dense in 9; hairs on
thorax arranged in 5 streaks, and those on sides of tergite 3 in ¢ longish also as
on 1 and @; all the hairs on head, body and legs snow whitish in both sexes,
those on dark parts of abdomen in ¢ tinted very slightly more sericeous
yellowish, not dark or black as stated by Bezzi, and reversed hairs on last three
abdominal segments in @ distinctly yellowish brownish or fulvous brownish, not
whitish as implied by Bezzi; tomentum on head on non-shining parts dense and
greyish whitish, also on sides behind eyes, on non-shining anterior, upper and
hinder parts of pleurae, and on non-shining parts of abdomen in 4g; spines and
spicules on legs yellowish whitish.

Head with the antennae usually longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment I slightly thickened, about 2-6—3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate,
a little more than 3 times length of 1 and 2 combined, longer than club, its
apical part slightly thickened segment-like; clubs slightly elongate-pyriform,
becoming rapidly broadest beyond middle, the extreme base shortly constricted ;
proboscis shorter than antennae, usually slightly longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum), with some longish hairs basally below, its labella fairly large; palps
distinct, clavate in appearance, longer than antennal segment 2, apically with
a short, slender terminal segment; some feeble, whitish, postvertical spines
discernible in Q.

Wings almost hyaline, very slightly or very faintly tinted yellowish from
about level of base of discoidal cell, scarcely perceptible in J, but more distinctly
so in 9, especially along course of veins, the wings also appearing whitish in
certain lights; veins yellowish brownish, more brownish in hinder part; first
posterior cell normally broadly open apically; second submarginal cell not
much dilated basally; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked, though sometimes
scarcely so or not at all; hind border of wings in apical half narrower than
cells; halteres yellowish, their knobs darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their
double row of spines below, slender, yellowish whitish, beginning from just
before middle; hind tibiae slightly curved forwards in apical part, armed below
on outer aspect, especially in apical part, with slender, yellowish whitish spicules,
more numerous and stouter in 9; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly longer
than claw-segment; claws distinctly much longer in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with about 8 or 9 relatively shortish, blunt, yellowish brownish
or brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite g somewhat produced, pointed
subangularly rounded apically; sternite 9 more or less obliquely transversely
wrinkled in basal half, its processes, in side view, slightly S-curved, gradually
narrowed to apex, more rapidly so above to about halfway, then slightly
curving upwards, in dorsal view rather broadish, bluntly pointed.

From 4 $d and 4 99 in the Brauns collection in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 16-21 mm
Length of wing: about 10-5-16 mm

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 149

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, October 1920,
November 1909, 1916, 1917 and 1920).

Fic. 4. Side and dorsal views (all to same scale) of right process of sternite 9 of $¢ of:

Afroleptomydas sodalicus n.sp. (top left). Afroleptomydas koupicolus n.sp. (top middle). Afroleptomydas
marginipunctatus n.sp. (top right).
Afroleptomydas vallicolus n.sp. (middle left). Afroleptomydas rusticanus n.sp. (middle middle).
Afroleptomydas rubellus n.sp. (middle right).

Afroleptomydas thorni n.sp. (bottom left). Afroleptomydas microreticulatus n.sp. (bottom middle).
Afroleptomydas inhacae n.sp. (bottom right).

Afroleptomydas sodalicus n.sp.

A Koup Karoo species belonging to the humeralis section, of which the 3
is almost entirely black and the 2 with yellowish brownish dorsum of the
abdomen as in @ of braunsi. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black, entirely so in g; clypeus in 3 entirely black, yellowish
on sides in 2, dark above; humeral tubercles, sides of thorax, pteropleural and
metapleural parts entirely dark or black in both sexes, only posterior episternal
part yellowish; two broadish transverse streaks on extreme sides of tergite 1,
and in 9 sometimes also extreme sides of 2, yellowish to an obscure extent; dor-

150 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

sum of abdomen discally on tergites 2-4 broadly and on 5 narrowly pale
ochreous brownish in 9; hind margins of tergites 2-4 and obscurely on sides
of 5 in g whitish; hind margin of tergite 1 in 2 obscurely reddish brownish,
those of 2-5 and sometimes discally of 6 more broadly yellowish whitish; bullae
orange or ochreous brownish, black- or dark-margined, separated above in ¢ by
a space a little narrower than their vertical length plus dark margin, much
more broadly in 9; venter in both sexes extensively dark, more so than in
humeralis, only basal two or three sternites being paler, ochreous brownish or
yellowish brownish, and extreme sides of hind margins of sternites 1-4 (or 5)
whitish; sternite 9 and apical halves or so of its processes and lobes of tergite 9
in ¢ yellowish; legs mainly brownish.

Integument with the same parts shining as in Aumeralis and the pattern of
greyish whitish tomentum on abdomen in ¢ also similar; abdomen in 9 as
shining as in other 99 in this section.

Vestiture as long and dense as in humeralis, also snow whitish; short ones on
abdomen above, however, relatively dense; reversed hairs on last two abdominal
segments in 9 appearing slightly more brownish than in Q of humeralis, relatively
less dense; hairs on legs also fairly dense and long, snow whitish, with numerous
longish ones also on hind femora; spines and spicules on legs pallid or pale
yellowish.

Head with the antennae proportionally shorter than in Aumeralis, but longer
than in the species saeculus, a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 about or nearly 3 times length of 2; segment 3 longer than club, in
3 subequal in length to width of interocular space on vertex, its apical third,
or slightly more, segment-like; clubs elongate-pyriform, gradually dilated
beyond middle, more rapidly so in Q, their bases shortly constricted; proboscis
distinctly a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum), about 3-4-3:6 mm,
without any or with only a few, longish hairs basally below; palps distinct,
much longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, yellowish.

Wings greyish hyaline in 3, though very faintly tinted towards apex, in 9
more distinctly tinted yellowish brownish in middle and apical parts; veins
yellowish brownish; second submarginal cell tending to be less dilated basally
than in humeralis; knobs of halteres brownish above in apical two-thirds.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below slender, from near base; basal segment of hind tarsi a little
longer than claw-segment; claws, especially hind ones, in § longer than in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with about 6-8 yellowish brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the apical part of lobes of tergite 9 distinctly pro-
longed or produced, more so than in humeralis; sternite 9 also conical, with
slightly more hairs than in humeralis, its processes in side view (text-fig. 4, top
left) slightly smuous, more or less narrowed above and below to apex, relatively
longer than in humeralis, in dorsal view slightly blunter apically; aedeagal
apparatus very slender.

From 1 g and 2 99 in the South African Museum.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 151

Length of body: about 16-5-18 mm
Length of wing: about 11-14 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Dikbome near Merweville (Museum Expedi-
tion, October 1952) (2 holotype, 2 paratype and ¢ allotype).

The 9, which resembles the 9 of braunsi (Bezz.) differs from the latter in
having the abdomen above more narrowly ochreous; discal part of tergite 6
not ochreous; less extensively yellowish clypeus; darker humeral tubercles;
dark sides of thorax above; less extensive yellowish on sides at base of abdomen;
darker base of venter; proportionally longer antennae; relatively darker legs,
etc. The 3 may at once be distinguished from that of braunsi by the dark clypeus,
dark humeral tubercles and dark sides of thorax, absence of orange hind borders
to the whitish hind margins of tergites, darker venter, darker legs, longer anten-
nae, and longer and less S-curved processes of sternite 9.

Afroleptomydas vallicolus n.sp.

This mountain valley frequenting species, from the Swartberg region of
Laingsburg, is, apart from its slightly larger size, almost indistinguishable super-
ficially from sodalicus. The 3 may, however, at once be distinguished from the 3
of the latter by its slightly more dark reddish or reddish brownish humeral
tubercles; the presence of a yellowish reddish intramarginal streak on sides of
tergites 3-5; by the whitish hind margins of tergites 2-4 and sides of 5 (not 2-3
and sides of 4 as in sodalicus); the yellowish streak on extreme sides of sternites
2-5; the paler more extensively yellowish lower faces of front and middle
femora; relatively longer antennae, of which segment 3 is distinctly longer than
interocular space on vertex; the more rapidly dilated and slightly longer clubs;
and the relatively longer, and in dorsal view, more sharply pointed processes
(text-fig. 4, middle left) of sternite g.

The 2, which also has the dorsum of abdomen ochreous yellowish, differs
from 9 sodalicus in having yellowish humeral tubercles; a darkish central streak
on tergite 2; distinctly much longer antennae, with proportionally much longer
segment. 3; longer clubs, which are less rapidly dilated from middle; slightly
more thickened hind femora; and even more darkly tinted wings.

From 2 fg and 1 @ in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 19-21-5 mm
Length of wing: about 13-15 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Rooinek Pass in mountainous part near and
to the east of Laingsburg (Museum Expedition, October 1952) (3 holotype,
2 allotype and ¢ paratype).

Afroleptomydas thornt n.sp.

A single 3 specimen, from the Little Karoo, before me, is obviously very
near saeculus and sodalicus. From the ¢ of saeculus it differs in having distinctly
and proportionally longer antennae, much longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum), segment 3 being proportionally longer, with only its apical fourth

152 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

segment-like, and with the club very much longer, elongate and only slightly
shorter than segment 3 and more gradually narrowed basally; a relatively longer
proboscis which is much longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; a clypeus;
less darkened above; slightly more extensively yellowish on sides of tergite 1
and extreme sides of basal angles of 2-5 also more yellowish; hind margins of
tergites 2-5 whitish; denser longish hairs on sides of tergite 3 and also rather
longish ones on sides of 4 and 5; darker veins in wings; lower surfaces of
femora paler, more markedly delimited from upper darker parts; relatively
shorter hairs on femora; distinctly more thickened hind femora; relatively
shorter spicules and spurs on hind tibiae; blunter and more rounded posterior
angles of lobes of tergite g; and more S-curved and relatively shorter processes
(text-fig. 4, bottom left) of sternite 9 which are also more rapidly narrowed to
apical slender part.

From ¢ of sodalicus it may at once be distinguished by the more yellowish
clypeus; more slender and relatively shorter proboscis, with smaller labella;
more conical antennal clubs, only gradually narrowed to base and which are
only a little shorter than segment 3; hind margins of tergites 2-5 (not 2-4)
whitish; slightly more widely separated bullae; slightly denser hairs, denser
hairs on sides of tergite 3 and longish ones also on sides of 4 and 5; relatively
sparser, short hairs on rest of abdomen; shorter and less dense hairs on femora;
paler yellowish on lower faces of femora which is more markedly delimited
from darker upper parts; relatively shorter apical spurs on hind tibiae; and in
having the apical slender part of processes of sternite 9, in side view, more
rapidly delimited above, and lobes of tergite 9g less produced (cf. top and
lower figures in text-fig. 4 on left).

Single ¢ holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm

Distribution: Little Karoo: between Oudtshoorn and Zebra (Museum
Expedition, October 1951). (Named after the late Mr. C. Thorn who was a
technical assistant in the South African Museum and who collected it).

Afroleptomydas rusticanus n.sp.

A smallish, slightly variable, Karoo species very near and almost indis-
tinguishable superficially from humeralis from which it, however, differs in the
following combination of characters:

Body also mainly black; humeral tubercles piceous brownish or dark
reddish brownish, not yellowish; sides of thorax dark or black in both sexes;
pteropleural, metapleural and posterior episternal parts less extensively yellow-
ish or darker, especially in 3, or only yellowish in episternal part; sides of
tergites 1 and 2 less extensively yellowish, only so in part along extreme sides;
bullae black, not orange or orange brownish, much smaller in 9 than in g and
very much smaller than in 9 humeralis, very widely spaced in 9; dorsum or discal
parts of tergites 2-6 (confined to narrow middle of 5 and 6) in 2 sometimes

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 153

ochreous to a variable extent as in braunsi and sodalicus; hind margin of tergite 1
reddish brownish, especially in 9, those of 2-5 in ¢ narrowly yellowish whitish,
and those of 2-6 (or discally also on 7) in @ broadly yellowish, sometimes
broader discally on 2-5; venter as in humeralis, pale basally, dark in apical half
or more, the hind margins of sternites, corresponding to those of tergites,
yellowish whitish, though apparently more completely so in 9 than in humeralis;
legs on the whole darker, more castaneous brownish than yellowish, only the
tibiae more yellowish.

Integument with the same parts shining, and pattern of shiny dark and dull
greyish whitish tomentum in ¢ very similar; striae on abdomen in 9 relatively
less coarse.

Vestiture with the longish hairs on body distributed in same way, but
distinctly and relatively shorter and slightly less dense, also entirely snow
whitish; shorter ones on abdomen in ¢ distinctly less dense than in humeralis;
the two submedial bare streaks on thorax above narrower.

Head with the antennae usually a little longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum), but proportionally shorter than in humeralis; segment 1 a little more
than 3 times length of 1, not or scarcely thickened, less so than in latter species;
segment 3 proportionally much shorter than in humeralis, pyriform, its basal
constricted part relatively much shorter; proboscis as long as, or a little longer
than, thorax, markedly more slender than in Aumeralis, its labella comparatively
very much smaller, narrower; palps distinct, longer than antennal segment 2;
postvertical spines feeble, even in 9.

Wings as in humeralis, clear or hyaline in 4g, slightly tinted yellowish
brownish in 9; veins also reddish brownish, and venational characters the same.

Legs with slightly longer hairs on femora; hind femora much less thickened
than in humeralis; basal segment of hind tarsi a little longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 6 or 7 spines on side.

Hypopygium of 3 with sternite g not or scarcely transversely wrinkled
basally, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 4, middle middle), slightly less
S-curved than in humeralis, more gradually narrowed apically, less curved
upwards apically and slightly blunter.

From 1 g and 2 99 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-16 mm
Length of wing: about 9:75-11:5 mm
Distribution: Karoo: Richmond district (Museum staff, November 1939)

(3 holotype, 9 allotype, and 9 paratype).
The abdomen in the 2 paratype is not ochreous above, but black.

Afroleptomydas microareolatus n.sp.

Another species from Willowmore, represented in the collections by a
single 2 specimen only, which also has the dorsum of the abdomen ochreous
yellowish or orange yellowish in part as in 9 of braunsi, and with which latter
species from the same region it may be easily confused. It, however, differs

154 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

from braunsi as follows:

Body similarly coloured, but clypeus more reddish brownish yellowish;
humeral tubercles dark; sides of thorax above black, not dark reddish; meta-
pleural part in front of halteres more reddish brownish than yellowish; abdomen
above, on at least tergites 3-5, more extensively ochreous- or orange yellowish,
even more so than in the next species, the black spots or patches on sides smaller
than in braunsi, confined to extreme sides, and tergite 2 also blackened across
base, but 6 as in 9 braunsi s.str. with a discal spot near apex which is, however,
smaller; hind margins of only tergites 2-4 (not 2-6) yellowish, but discally
almost indistinguishable from the ochreous yellowish, but on sides appearing
whitish only on sides of 2-4 and not 2-5 or 6 as in braunsi; bullae also yellowish
brownish; legs, however, much darker, entirely dark reddish brownish.

Integument of head as in braunsi, with only middle part of frons, head below
and to a lesser extent clypeus shining; integument of thorax above dull, with
slightly coarser areolar microsculpture; entire pleurae less shining, duller, due
to distinct or more evident areolar microsculpture than in braunsi, in which
species the anterior lower part is distinctly smoother and more shining and the
rest covered with greyish tomentum; scutellum dull, not shining; abdomen on
the whole less shining or only subshining, due to distinct, minute, areolar micro-
sculpture, and with slightly coarser, transverse striation across last three or four
segments; venter more coarsely transversely wrinkled; legs also duller than in
braunsi, also due to distinct, fine, areolar microsculpture.

Vestiture distinctly shorter and less dense than in braunsi, especially on disc
of thorax, pleural parts and more especially on legs, but also rather dense on
tergite 1 and sides basally of 2; sparse hairs on tergites 3-5 also very short
discally, but longer on sides; hairs on head and body mainly snow whitish, but
those in two broadish submedial streaks on thorax above tinted slightly yellowish
in certain lights, and the reversed ones on last three abdominal segments darker
than in braunsi, more dark brownish or almost black; hairs on legs markedly
short and sparse, the hind tibiae on inner side with sparse longish hairs which
are, however, not so long and dense as in braunsi, all the hairs mainly greyish
whitish, but those on lower apical part of front tibiae and on tarsi below darker;
spines on hind femora yellowish reddish and spicules on tibiae and tarsi more
reddish brownish.

Head with the antennae shorter than in braunsi, shorter than thorax
(excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 more thickened, about 3-3 times length of 2;
segment 3 more coarsely subannulated, more stoutish, with only about one-fifth
of its apex thickened, only a little longer than club; latter more conical or more
gradually thickened than in braunsi, its base also constricted; proboscis relatively
stouter, subequal in length to antennae, about 3:8 mm, the fine striation on
labella slightly coarser than in braunsi, without any longish hairs at base of
proboscis below; palps minute, very much shorter than in braunsi, not much
longer than antennal segment 2, dark-haired apically; postvertical spines
distinct, stoutish, reddish brownish.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 155

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish brownish, due more to infusions along
veins opposite base of third vein to near apex and also along lower vein of
second basal cell; veins darker, reddish brownish; other venational characters
as in braunsi; halteres brownish.

Legs stouter than in braunsz; hind femora distinctly more thickened, less
slender basally, their double row of spines below stouter, beginning nearer base;
hind tibiae stouter, armed with fewer spicules in apical half below; basal seg-
ment of hind tarsi also longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with about 8 darker spines on a side, and with darker, more
blackish, longer and slightly denser, bristly elements on the two genital and anal
pads.

The 9 holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 21 mm
Length of wing: about 15 mm
Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 20th November

1920).

Afroleptomydas microreticulatus n.sp.

This species, unfortunately represented by ¢g only in the collections before,
characterized by an entirely dull abdomen, finely micro-areolate pleurae and
bullae as in 9 of microareolatus, apparently comes in the subsection in which the
$3 are characterized by the dull abdomen and dark, basal, discal patches
on tergites. Specifically, however, it is very near the preceding species
microareolatus, of which only the 2 is known. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black; clypeus to a variable extent somewhat obscurely
reddish brownish on sides; humeral tubercles rather convex, a little dilated,
appearing large, entirely dark like rest of thorax above; metapleural part
around halteres, suture and extreme upper margins of sternopleural and hypo-
pleural parts to a certain and variable extent, broad sides of tergite 1 and base
laterally of 2 yellowish brownish or reddish brownish; bullae light reddish to
reddish brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 or 5 (or sides of 5) yellowish
whitish, their basal borders sometimes tending to be obscurely orange brownish;
venter dark or blackish, the hind margins of sternites 1-4 obscurely yellowish,
more distinct on sides, and bases laterally of 3-6 obscurely yellowish brownish;
legs mainly dark, the front and middle femora reddish brownish along outer
lower aspect, and hind ones also reddish brownish below and along inner lower
part as are the front and middle tibiae along outer part and hind ones along
inner aspect and all the tarsi.

Integument of middle part of frons, head below and extreme bases of tergite
on sides more or less shining; thorax above, scutellum, metanotum and abdo-
men, including discal parts of tergites 1 and 2, mainly dull; abdomen, apart
from very fine areolar microsculpture and aciculate puncturation, with slightly
less than apical halves of tergites 3-7, as well as most of their sides, covered with
greyish tomentum, leaving the basal discal parts dark or with dark tomentum;

156 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

pleurae slightly dulled by very fine reticulate or areolar microsculpture;
bullae also finely or microscopically areolate as rest of abdomen; integument of
legs also mainly dull.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above, pleural parts, tergite
1 and sides of 2, sides of 3 to a much lesser extent, hind coxae and base of venter
longish and entirely snow whitish; shortish hairs in three discal streaks on thorax
whitish and slightly yellowish or greyish yellowish in certain lights, those at
base of thorax whitish; shortish hairs on rest of abdomen above whitish, but
those on basal discal patches, from tergite 3 at least, appearing dark, but with a
yellowish or slightly fulvous yellowish to fulvous brownish tint in certain lights;
hairs on hypopygium almost fulvous brownish; those on legs short and not very
dense, with rather sparse longish ones along inner aspect of hind tibiae, and with
all the hairs on legs whitish; spines and spicules on legs blackish brown.

Head with a few darkish postvertical spines; antennae longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum); segment 1 slightly thickened, about 2-5-2-9 times
length of 2; segment 3 distinctly longer than club and slightly longer than
interocular space on vertex; club elongate-pyriform, gradually broadened to
beyond middle, then more suddenly broadened, obliquely subtruncate apically
across sensory area, the latter sometimes somewhat sunk in, the base of club
shortly constricted; proboscis usually shorter than thorax, about 3-2-3-6 mm
long; palps minute.

Wings tinted smoky brownish in middle parts, more so along the veins and
even more distinctly so along veins at bases of second submarginal and first
posterior cells; veins dark blackish brownish; hind border of wings distinctly
narrower than first and third posterior cells; apex of discoidal cell shortly
stalked; halteres blackish brown, their knobs rather large, narrowed and
pointed in inner apical aspect.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, slightly spindle-shaped,
their double row of rather shortish and blunt spines below blackish brownish,
beginning near base; hind tibiae curved apically, their spicules along apical
lower and outer parts longish and stoutish; basal segment of hind tarsi longer
than claw-segment.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite g slightly prolonged or produced
apically, their upper surface dulled by distinct areolar microsculpture; sternite 9
rather scoop-like, transversely striated and with fairly dense hairs on sides, its
processes, in side view (text-fig. 4, bottom middle), slightly S-curved, rapidly
narrowed, more so above (somewhat like those of thorni), to the more upcurved,
slender, apical part, bluntly pointed in dorsal view, with relatively dense and
longish hairs below; dorsal central epimere of aedeagal apparatus relatively long
and slender, projecting much beyond the two phallic tubes, and not much
broadened shoe-horn-like towards apex as in most species.

From 3 ¢¢ in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 17-5-20-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12-13 mm

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 157

Distribution: South-western Cape: 18 miles east of Touws River along
railway line to Ladismith (South African Museum, December 1962) (holotype
on white flowers of a species of Mesembryanthemum, and 1 paratype); Ouberg
Pass south-east of Touws River (South African Museum, December 1962)
(1 paratype).

The fine reticulate or areolar microsculpture on the pleurae and abdomen
distinguishes this species from most others except the 9 of microareolatus from the
Little Karoo. The possibility that it may prove to be only the unknown ¢ of
microareolatus is not excluded, but the antennae are relatively longer, segment 3
being proportionally longer, and the proboscis is shorter. Moreover, there are
very few mydaids with such a widely separated distribution.

From the $¢ of other species, such as opacicinctus, flavigenualis and koupicolus,
which also have the entire abdomen above, including the discal parts of tergites
1 and 2, dull, it may at once be distinguished by the fine reticulate microsculp-
ture on pleurae and abdomen, the distinctly more thickened hind femora, the
more tinted wings, and the more S-curved processes of sternite 9.

Afroleptomydas flavidorsalis n.sp.

This is a Transvaal species in which the 9 has the dorsum of the abdomen
ochreous or pale yellowish brownish as in braunsi, sodalicus and microareolatus.
It, however, resembles braunsi more than the other two species, and the unique 2
specimen in the collections before me differs from the latter in the following
respects:

Body similarly coloured, but yellowish reddish on sides of thorax above
slightly broader; pteropleuron, metapleural part in front of halteres and adja-
cent posterior metapleural and metasternal parts more extensively yellowish
reddish; abdomen with the ochreous-yellowish or brownish above relatively
more extensive, almost equally extensive on tergites 3-5, not present only dis-
cally on 5 as in braunsi, but absent discally on 6, the black spots on sides of 3—5
distinctly smaller; hind margin of tergite 1 distinctly yellowish reddish and
those of 2-6 more broadly yellowish; hind margins of sternites slightly more
broadly yellowish whitish on sides and that on sides of 6 also more distinctly
whitish; bullae narrower, almost black, and shining; legs also mainly yellowish
brownish, but femora more extensively darkened above and hind tibiae slightly
more brownish, and last tarsal segment darker above.

Integument of pleurae distinctly duller, entirely covered with greyish whitish
tomentum, even anteriorly below, a part which is shining in braunsi; scutellum
dull like thorax above, not shining as in braunsi; abdomen, however, also mainly
shining.

Vestiture distinctly very much shorter and less dense, especially the hairs in
5 streaks on thorax above, on pleurae, base of abdomen and on legs; the hairs,
as in braunsi, mainly whitish, but very short ones on disc of thorax tinted slightly
more greyish yellowish; reversed ones on last three abdominal segments also
yellowish brownish or fulvous brownish, but slightly less dense and shorter;

158 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

those on legs much shorter than in braunsz, less dense, though similarly greyish
whitish; spines and spicules on legs also yellowish whitish.

Head with the antennae relatively longer and stouter, though shorter than
thorax (excluding scutellum), the thorax itself relatively longer than in braunsi;
segment 1 about 3-3 times length of 2; segment 3 relatively stouter and very
slightly longer than in braunsi, with its apical part slightly more thickened, the
segment also longer than club, but less so that in braunsi; club relatively more
elongate, its apical part distinctly more tapering or conical to the relatively
larger terminal prominence, not so subtruncate as in braunsi; proboscis much
shorter, only about 2-8 mm long, much shorter than thorax (longer than
thorax in braunsi), also with some longish hairs basally below, its labella not
finely striate, but microscopically scabrous and obliquely ridged in lower half;
palps relatively longer, more slender; postvertical spines as feebly developed as
in braunsi.

Wings distinctly tinged more smoky greyish, with darker veins and more
conspicuous or darker borders along those in middle; venation as in braunszv.

Legs with the hind femora slightly more thickened and with slightly more
numerous spines below; beginning nearer base; basal segment of hind tarsi
relatively shorter, subequal in length to, or even slightly shorter than, claw-
segment.

Oviscape with only about 7 much darker spines on a side.

From 1 @ holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 15 mm
Distribution: Transvaal: Pretoria North (G. van Son, September 1935).

Afroleptomydas rubellus n.sp.

Leptomydas ? flavirostris (3) Bezzi, 1924b: 215. (n.syn.)
Leptomydas humeralis (2) Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker) in part, 1924): 211. (n.syn.)

A ¢ and a Q specimen in the South African Museum, which I take to
belong to the same species, constitute another distinct species very near hume-
ralis. The 3, without any locality-label, was questionably referred to flavirostris
and the 9 specimen, from Triangle, was referred to and labelled as humeralis
(Gerst.) by Bezzi. These specimens, however, differ from humeralis in the fol-
lowing respects:

Body with the abdomen, especially in 9, rather more slender, the last seg-
ment being longer and more slender than in 9 humeralis; body-colour mainly
reddish brownish, only central part of frons, sides of face, thorax above, medial
and sublateral infusions of metanotum and, in Q, also discal part of tergite 1,
dark or blackish; two central bare streaks on thorax above, especially in 9,
obscurely reddish to a variable extent; humeral tubercles more reddish than
yellowish, more like sides of thorax; pteropleural, metapleural and posterior
episternal parts, sides of tergites 1 and 2 yellowish as in humeralis, or at least

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 159

paler than rest of integument; hind margin of tergite 1 reddish, those of 2-4
and obscurely on 5 in ¢ yellowish whitish and those of 2—5 (and more narrowly
and obscurely on 6 and 7) in Q broadly yellowish whitish; bullae in ¢ dark
brownish, not orange or reddish, and in 9 dark blackish brown; entire or greater
part of venter unicolorous reddish brownish or yellowish brownish, not so
contrastingly paler basally.

Integument with the same parts, as in Aumeralis, shining and in 3g with a
similar pattern on abdomen; transverse striae on abdomen in Q, especially
posteriorly, distinctly less coarse than in humeralis.

Vestiture with the hairs as long and as dense as in humeralis, also snow whitish,
but with the two submedial bare streaks on thorax above distinctly narrower.

Head with the antennae unfortunately missing in the two specimens;
proboscis, however, distinctly more slender, a little shorter than thorax, its
labella smaller and narrower than in humeralis, more like that of rusticanus.

Wings in both specimens greyish hyaline; venation as in humeralts.

Legs mainly yellowish, the femora not or scarcely darkened above; hind
femora distinctly less thickened than in humeralis; other leg-characters the same.

Oviscape in 2 with 7, more slender, yellowish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 very similar to that of humeralis, but sternite 9 distinctly
less conically pointed apically, broader, blunter, more truncate, without any
transverse wrinkles, its processes (cf. text-fig 4, middle right with text fig. 3,
bottom middle) relatively shorter, in side view proportionally broader basally,
with relatively fewer hairs below; lobes of tergite 9 less produced apically.

Length of body: about 14°5-17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-12 mm

Distribution: South-western Koup Karoo: Triangle (January 1885)
(2 allotype). The 3 holotype without locality-label, but judging from the age of
the specimen and the special type of mounting-pin used, presumably from the
same region.

Afroleptomydas paganus (Gerst.)

Leptomydas paganus Gerstaecker, 1868: 84.
Afroleptomydas paganus Bequaert, 19610: 14.
? Afroleptomydas bezzianus Bequaert, 1963: 26, figs 4D and 7C.

Gerstaecker described this species from a single 3 specimen without any
reference to a definite locality, but reputed as coming from South Africa and
collected by Drege. Subsequently Bezzi referred a § and 9 from Cape Town
and Stellenbosch respectively and another ¢ from Okiep in Namaqualand to
this species. Not one of these specimens agrees with Gerstaecker’s fairly good
description of the 3. Moreover, Bezzi’s three specimens do not belong to the
same species, but to three entirely different species which are described in
this revision as capicolus, patruelis and namaquensis respectively. The only speci-
mens in the collections before me which agree in main essentials with Ger-

160 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

staecker’s description of the species and which are referable to paganus s.str.
come from the Eastern Province. These constitute material from the coastal
regions, from Wilderness eastwards to Port Elizabeth and beyond. As Drége
was known to have collected many plants and insects in the eastern Cape
Province, especially around Port Elizabeth, the logical supposition is that
Gerstaecker’s g specimen was also collected in that area. Apparently this
species is more or less restricted to the coastal parts and coastal sand-dunes
of the eastern Cape and does not appear to occur more inland even within the
area of its distribution. From the series of both gg and 99 before me it is also
evident that the species is subject to slight local and environmental variation.

This species was designated by Bequaert in 19610 as the type-species of his
new South African genus Afroleptomydas to which all the species of Leptomydas
in southern Africa are now referred.

To include the as yet undescribed 2 and the slight variational differences of
the 3, the following supplementary redescription of the species is given as
follows:

Body mainly dark or black, but more often with much reddish- or yellowish
brownish; the following parts yellowish, yellowish- or reddish brownish: entire
or greater part of clypeus, in some 99 head below to a variable extent, proboscis
below in 9, humeral tubercles, broadish sides of thorax above (broader in Q),
two submedial discal streaks (broader in 9), sometimes hind margin of scutel-
lum, to a variable extent or even greater part of metanotum in some 99, pleurae
or parts of these to a variable extent (sometimes entire or greater part of
pleurae dark or more dark castaneous or blackish brownish), sides anteriorly
of tergite 1, sometimes to a variable extent extreme sides of 2-4 in ¢ and 2-6
in 9 or even to apex in both sexes, and basal part or half of venter to a variable
extent; abdomen sometimes, especially in 99, dark castaneous or reddish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 2—5 in 3, sometimes to a fainter and narrower
extent also on 6, and 2-5 (or 6) in 9 yellowish whitish or ivory yellowish; hind
margins of sternites 1-3 (or 4) also pallid, more evident on sides; bullae bean-
shaped to hemispherical, smaller in 9, reddish to reddish brownish, separated
above in ¢ by a space broader or much broader than vertical length of bullae,
very broadly separated in Q; legs varying from pale yellowish brownish, reddish
brownish, brownish to dark brownish, the tibiae in the latter case paler, the

femora sometimes appearing darker above.
Integument of middle part of frons, clypeal part of face, scutellum, tergite 1

on sides and across depression between tergites 1 and 2 in both sexes, and in 9
to a great extent abdomen above and below, shining, in 3 mainly dull; integu-
ment of abdomen in Q finely transversely wrinkled, more coarsely and con-
spicuously so on last three segments.

Vestiture with the tomentum greyish whitish on vertex, sides of frons,
occiput, sides of thorax and two submedial streaks above, sometimes confluent
posteriorly, as well as a thin central stripe in both sexes, but more conspicuous
in Q; in Q also with greyish bloom on scutellum and metanotum; in both sexes

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 161

with greyish tomentum on pleural and sternal parts; abdomen in ¢ with broad,
dull, black, discal patches in basal halves or more of at least tergites 2-6, and
rest of surface of tergites with faint greyish tomentum; abdomen in @ with a
conspicuous pattern of greyish whitish tomentum across disc of tergite 1, half-
moon-shaped ones discally on 2-4 and on disc basally of 5, and with the half-
moon-shaped greyish patches on 2—4 surrounding a dull, darker or black, basal,
discal patch, but along middle line usually extending slightly basalwards into
the black basal patch; hairs on head, sides and base of thorax, sides of metano-
tum, propleural tubercle, upper hinder corner of mesopleuron, on pteropleuron,
on tubercle in front of halteres, metasternum, tergite 1, sides of 2 and to a lesser
extent those of 3 and basal part of venter in ¢ much longer and denser than on
same parts in 9, and whitish; those on head in 9 longer than on rest of its body,
and whitish as in 3; hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2, especially above, dark
or blackish in both sexes; postvertical row of spines on each side well developed,
brownish; streaks of short hairs on disc of thorax brownish to fulvous brownish
in both sexes, though sometimes more whitish, especially in 3; hairs on extreme
sides of tergites from 3 posteriorly and sometimes across their hinder parts,
as well as those on genitalia, and to a variable extent on posterior half of venter
in § whitish and gleaming; fine ones on dark discal patches and on greater discal
parts of tergites 2-8 above, or sometimes even on entire tergites from 3 pos-
teriorly and sometimes on all or most of those on sternites 5—7 (or 8) in ¢ black
or dark; fine and much sparser hairs on abdomen in 9, reversed from tergite 3 to
apex, but longer on last two segments, gleaming pale or whitish; hairs on legs
longer and denser in 3, more so on femora, those on hind femora above and
below and on sides of other femora more whitish, and those on front and middle
femora above appearing darker; shorter ones on sides of hind femora with a
slightly more sericeous yellowish or yellowish sheen; shorter hairs on legs in 9 with
a more yellowish sheen; spines and spicules of legs reddish to reddish brownish.

Head (cf. text-fig. 7, left) with the antennae much shorter than thorax
(excluding scutellum), relatively stoutish; segment 1 about or a little more
than 2 times length of 2; segment 3 relatively shortish, stoutish, thickened seg-
ment-like apically, subequal in length to, or a little shorter than, or sometimes
a little longer than, club; latter sub-pyriform, basally only very shortly or
scarcely perceptibly constricted, apically more rapidly obliquely sloping
upwards; proboscis relatively shortish, not, scarcely, or only a little, longer than
front tarsi and claws, with distinct hairs basally below, its labella ovate to
slightly pointed, about half, or a little less than half, length of rest of proboscis;
palps shorter in J, but in 9 quite as long as antennal segment 2; postvertical
spines well developed in both sexes.

Wings rather shortish, hyaline or scarcely greyish hyaline in 3, but in 9
usually more greyish, appearing slightly more tinted, due to faint diffused
fuscous borders along veins in middle part up to base of second submarginal cell;
veins either yellowish brownish or dark, usually darker in 9; knobs of halteres
dark.

162 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Legs with the hind femora thickened in both sexes, their double row of
spines below beginning much before middle; spicules on hind tibiae strongly
developed, especially in 9; basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-
segment, especially in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 flattened, yellowish brownish to brownish spines
on a side (one side often with one spine less than the other side).

LLL).

CERES

(ZEB YZ,
LEE _ Fic. 5. Side view of hypopygium of $ Afrolepto-
Sg mydas paganus (Gerst.).

ZG;

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 5) with the lobes of tergite 9 triangular, rather
sharply pointed posteriorly, slightly more produced in some 34, their inner
margins meeting in the middle at almost, or quite, a right angle; sternite 9
conical, narrowed and bluntly rounded posteriorly, with long hairs or dense
tufts, its processes, in side view, rather rapidly narrowed apically, slightly
S-curved, with a little more than apical third bent upwards, in dorsal view blade-
like, flattened, bluntly rounded apically, slightly longitudinally grooved above
and more so below; aedeagal apparatus typically three-pronged, the two phallic
tubes rather long and almost parallel.

From a fairly long series of ¢¢ and 99 in the South African Museum,
Transvaal Museum, Natal Museum, Albany Museum, and University of
Stellenbosch. ;

Length of body: about 11-5-20-25 mm
Length of wing: about 8-12-5 mm

Distribution: East Cape: Great Brak River (February); Wilderness (Jan-
uary); Jeffrey’s Bay (December and January); Papiesfontein near Gamtoos
River mouth (January); Van Staden’s River mouth near Port Elizabeth
(January); Port Elizabeth (January); Swartkops (November and December) ;
Bushman’s River mouth (December); Port Alfred (February); Kleinemonde;
and Kasouga (January).

Two 3 specimens, from the collections of the late Dr. Brauns, in the Trans-
vaal Museum and labelled ‘Willowmore (xi, 1919)’ are obviously wrongly
labelled, for from this very large series of 33 and 99 in the collections before me
not a single specimen was collected elsewhere than among vegetation on the
coastal dunes. The late Dr. Brauns collected the same species at the same time
at Swartkops (‘See-Diinen’) near Port Elizabeth and confusion of labels may

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 163

easily have taken place.

The species bezzianus, described from Mossel Bay by Bequaert (1963: 26,
figs 4D and 7C), appears to me to be only a variant of this variable coastal
species. His 3 paratype, from Lourenco Marques (collected by H. A. Junod),
either belongs to the very closely related species described below by me as
inhacae from Inhaca Island or, if this specimen is in fact conspecific with
bezzianus, a wrong locality label has been pinned on to it. The majority of
South African species of Afroleptomydas are remarkably circumscribed in their
distribution, and it is most unlikely that a species occurring at Mossel Bay would
also be found at Lourenco Marques.

Afroleptomydas inhacae n.sp.

This species, from Inhaca Island in Portuguese East Africa, resembles
paganus (Gerst.) from the eastern Cape and like it is a coastal form and probably
restricted to a sand-dune coastal environment. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark, the pleurae and abdomen to a variable extent more
castaneous brownish or, in 9, sometimes even yellowish brownish; antennae
brownish or blackish brown to black, sometimes paler, more yellowish brownish
in 9, the clubs more reddish brownish to dark reddish in middle part; clypeus
reddish brownish, especially on sides, and vertex laterally in 2 usually also
reddish brownish; humeral tubercles yellowish; sides of thorax, postalar calli
and two discal streaks on thorax yellowish brownish or reddish brownish to a
variable extent, though in J the two discal streaks more often obscure, indistinct
or absent; pteropleural, metapleural and metasternal parts tending to be slightly
paler, more yellowish brownish than rest of pleurae; metanotum dark in d,
more reddish brownish to a variable extent or even extensively yellowish
brownish in Q; sides basally of tergite 1 or, in 9, sometimes entire sides of 1,
sides basally or 2 or more often entire sides of 2, and to a variable extent sides of
3 and 4 or even some of rest, also tending to be paler yellowish brownish; hind
margins of tergites 2-6 whitish or yellowish whitish, broader and more con-
spicuous in 9, and 6 in g usually very narrow; bullae shining black, widely
separated above in both sexes, though tending to be wider in 9; venter yellowish
brownish to reddish brownish, becoming darker in apical half; extreme sides of
hind margins of sternites 1-6 also yellowish whitish to a variable extent; apices
of lobes of tergite 9 and apical halves of processes of sternite 9 in ¢ yellowish
brownish; legs yellowish brownish to castaneous brownish, the femora appearing
as if darkened above.

Integument of central part of frons, to a certain extent across vertex, clypeus,
proboscis, and below buccal cavity shining; rest of head dull, due to dense
greyish whitish tomentum; that of thorax above leathery, with fine, sparse,
setiferous puncturation, and with 5 streaks of dull greyish whitish tomentum,
the central one narrow; scutellum shining; pleurae and coxae mainly dulled by
fine, greyish whitish bloom, less dense and more shiny obliquely anteriorly;
metanotum mainly dulled by greyish whitish bloom; abdomen in ¢ shining on

164. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

sides of tergite 1 and across junction between 1 and Q, the rest dulled mainly by
greyish whitish tomentum, replaced discally across more than basal halves of
tergites 2-6 and base above of 7 by saddle-shaped patches of black tomentum
which are narrowed on sides and do not reach margins, and in addition with
fine, evenly separated, setiferous puncturation on entire tergites; abdomen in 9
mainly shining, but tergites 1 and 2 (excepting a transverse, discal, basal,
bilobed, dark patch) and base of 3 discally dulled by greyish whitish tomentum,
the rest of tergites 4-8, especially 5-7, transversely striated; venter basally
shining in 3, but almost entirely so in 9, and in latter also with shining trans-
verse striation.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax, pleurae, metanotum,
tergite 1, sides of 2 and to a lesser extent sides of 3, and venter basally in 9
longish and fairly dense, in 9 shorter and sparser, with scarcely any longer ones
on sides of tergite 3; hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2 dark, those on frons in
front on sides of antennae, yellowish or slightly fulvous to a variable extent,
the rest of hairs whitish; postvertical spines also yellowish; hairs on thorax above
in 5 streaks, the central one narrowest, and on sides broadest and longest, mainly
whitish, though discal ones sometimes with a very slight sericeous yellowish
tint; those on pleurae, metanotum, tergite 1, sides of 2-4, venter in 9, and venter
basally in ¢, also whitish; short hairs on rest of abdomen in ¢ dark or black,
in 2 whitish, even reversed ones on segments 6-8; hairs on legs slightly longer
and denser in 3, with longish ones on hind femora basally, absent in 9, mainly
whitish, but those on outer part of hind femora and anterior faces of front and
middle ones in § appearing dark or yellowish, more whitish in 9; hairs on inner
lower aspect of tibiae, especially hind ones in J, also appearing dark; spines and
spicules more fulvous.

Head with the antennae only a little shorter than thorax (excluding
scutellum) ; segment 1 slightly thickened, about 2-6—3 times length of 2; seg-
ment 3 stoutish, a little less than its apical third thickened, and a little longer
than club; latter elongate-pyriform, thickest beyond middle, conical apically,
its base shortly constricted; proboscis shortish, much shorter than vertical
length of eyes, only about 1-36—1-72 mm, with some longish hairs basally below,
its labella oval, finely spinulate; palps distinct, short; postvertical spines present,

Wings in ¢ glassy hyaline, very faintly tinted slightly greyish yellowish in 9,
and with faint, scarcely perceptible, fuscous borders along veins; veins yellowish
brownish to brownish; first posterior cell opening fairly widely on costal margin ;
apex of discoidal cell stalked to a variable extent, the stalk sometimes rather
long, occasionally absent and apex meeting third posterior cell at a point; hind
border of wings opposite first posterior cell narrower than cell; knobs of halteres
brownish or dark above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened in both sexes,
their double row of spines below rather stoutish, separated, yellowish reddish or
fulvous, beginning just before middle; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly
longer than claw-segment.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 165

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 yellowish or fulvous spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 triangular, angularly pointed
apically; sternite 9 conical, conically narrowed apically, in side view rather
truncate apically, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 4, bottom right), S-curved,
curved up apically, in dorsal view gradually narrowed apically, bluntly pointed.

From 10 gg and 6 99 (g holotype, 9 3 paratypes and 2 9 paratypes in the
Transvaal Museum, 9 allotype, 2 2 and 1 ¢ paratypes in the South African
Museum, and 1 2 paratype in the Natal Museum).

Length of body: about 15-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11-12-5 mm

Distribution: Portuguese East Africa: Inhaca Island (G. van Son, 20th—25th
September 1959) (¢ holotype, 5 3 paratypes and 1 2 paratype); Inhaca Island
(E. McC. Callan, December 1954) (2 allotype and 2 2 paratypes) and (K. Kniep)
(1 Q paratype); Inyack (Inhaca) Island (H. G. Breyer, September 1919)
(4d and 1 9 paratypes).

This species differs from the southern coastal form paganus in having rela-
tively longer antennae, segment 3 being proportionally longer; relatively shorter
and less dense hairs in 3, especially on abdomen and legs, and longer hairs in 9
than in 9 paganus; hairs on vertex and above base of antennae tinted slightly
more greyish yellowish and tomentum on frontal part more yellowish; black
discal patches on abdomen in $ smaller; the whitish tomentum broader, more
extensive; in having patches of greyish tomentum on tergites 1, 2 and base of
3 only in Q, not on 4 and 5 as well; hind margins of tergites 2-6 whitish; black
bullae; distinctly less thickened hind femora; less produced lobes of tergite 9
in g; and relatively shorter slender part of processes of sternite 9, which are
more sharply pointed in dorsal view.

Afroleptomydas pulverulentus n.sp.

Some palish, faded-looking, somewhat dust- or sand-covered 3 specimens
from South West Africa in the collections before me obviously belong to the
paganus and inhacae subsection of the humeralis group and may be considered as
an arenophilous South West African representative of these two coastal dune-
frequenting species. They are characterized as follows:

Body mainly yellowish brownish, appearing greyish brownish, due to
adhering dust or sand grains; antennae brownish, pale yellowish brownish to
almost yellowish; clypeus pale yellowish brownish; proboscis yellowish brown-
ish, only labella, as well as central part of frons, very dark blackish brownish;
thorax above brownish, with the sides, humeral tubercles, an infusion anteriorly
on inner side of tubercles, a submedial discal streak on each side, postalar calli
and a narrow transverse basal line in front of scutellum paler yellowish, sepa-
rating broadish darker almost blackish brown streaks; scutellum brownish to
castaneous brownish, its sides and hind border pale yellowish and foveae on
sides dark blackish brown or castaneous brownish; metanotum dark brownish,
slightly paler on sides; pteropleural, metapleural, posterior metapleural parts,

166 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

and to a certain extent metasternal part, paler, more yellowish than the yellowish
brownish rest of pleurae; sides basally of tergite 1, fairly broadish sides of 2,
3 and 4 more ochreous yellowish, merging into slightly paler yellowish brownish
sides of rest of tergites; abdomen above with disc of tergite 2 basally and discal,
saddle-shaped, basal patches on 3-6 (smallest on 6) very dark brown or blackish
brown, not reaching sides; hind margins of tergites 2-4 (or 5), and sometimes
to an obscure or lesser extent 6 and 7, whitish; bullae pale orange brownish,
rather widely separated above; venter pale yellowish brownish to almost
ochreous brownish basally, becoming more yellowish brownish or brownish
apically; hind margins of sternite 1 to about 5 whitish only on extreme sides;
processes of sternite 9 darkened to a variable extent along their upper basal
parts; legs pale yellowish brownish.

Integument of central part of frons, to a certain extent clypeus, proboscis,
and to a certain extent sides of tergites 1 and 2 shining; rest of body mainly dull,
due to greyish or greyish whitish tomentum.

Vestiture with the hairs longish and fairly dense, and snow whitish on head,
sides and base of thorax above, sides of metanotum, pleurae, tergite 1, sides of 2,
extreme sides of 3, base of venter, coxae and basally above on hind femora;
hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2 dark brownish; those on thorax above in
streaks, the shorter ones in discal streaks more fulvous; short hairs on abdomen
not very dense, except on extreme sides, mainly dark up to tergite 7; those at
extremity of abdomen and hypopygium paler, very pale greyish yellowish or
sericeous yellowish; hairs on venter sometimes with darkish ones on sternites
5-7, otherwise pale; those on legs shortish, not very dense, with longish ones
only on inner and upper basal half of hind femora, and some sparse longish ones
on inner parts of hind tibiae, with all the hairs on legs mainly whitish; spines on
femora dark reddish and spicules on tibiae and tarsi more fulvous reddish.

Head with the antennae relatively short, distinctly shorter than thorax;
segment I not much thickened, about 2-6—2-8 times length of 2; segment 3
relatively short, only a very little more than three times length of segment 1,
subequal in length to, or a little shorter than, club, a little less than its apical
third thickened; club subspindle-shaped or slightly elongate-pyriform, thickened
slightly beyond middle; its extreme base constricted; proboscis shortish, less
than vertical length of eyes, only about 1-48—1-8 mm, with some longish hairs
basally below; postvertical spines present, bristle-like.

Wings distinctly subopaquely whitish, appearing dull greyish whitish;
veins pallid or pale yellowish; appendix at base of second submarginal cell
tending to be short; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; alula and axillary
lobe normally broad; knobs of halteres oval, brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, spindle-shaped, their
double row of spines below from near base; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal
in length to claw-segment; hind claws more sickle-shaped than middle and front
ones.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite g narrowed and produced in apical

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 167

part, bluntly angularly pointed; sternite 9 conical, transversely wrinkled
basally and more obliquely longitudinally in apical half, its processes, in side
view, S-curved, the apical part slender, curved upwards, in dorsal view only
gradually narrowed apically, bluntly rounded apically; aedeagal apparatus
with the central epimere narrowish, and the phallic tube rather long, appearing
distinctly truncated apically.

From 4 ¢¢ (holotype and 3 paratypes in the Transvaal Museum and 1
paratype in the South African Museum).

Length of body: about 13-5-17 mm
Length of wing: about 10-11-5 mm

Distribution: South West Africa (Museum Expedition, March 1923),
without any more definite locality-label, but according to Dr. Van Son of the
Transvaal Museum these specimens may have been collected by the son of
Dr. H. G. Breyer who was stationed at Namutoni near the Etosha Pan in
Ovamboland.

This species may at once be distinguished from paganus by the paler, more
yellowish brownish or paler brownish body; proportionally shorter antennal
segment 3 which is more often shorter than club; hind margins of tergites 2-6
(or even 7) yellowish whitish and not only 2-5; the markedly subopaquely
whitish wings; more yellowish brownish or cinnamon brownish discal hairs on,
thorax above and on abdomen above; paler more yellowish reddish or reddish
spines on hind femora below; and relatively shorter, more rapidly narrowed
(side view), less slender, and in ventral view slightly broader processes of sternite
g in the ¢.

From the 3 of inhacae it may be distinguished by the shorter antennae;
shorter legs of which the hind femora are distinctly more thickened and more
spindle-shaped, not so clavately as in inhacae; much paler bullae; and the
markedly subopaquely whitish wings.

Afroleptomydas opacus (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas opacus Bezzi, 19245: 213.

This slightly variable Eastern Province species resembles paganus super-
ficially. As in the case of the latter, representatives (only 3) of it were also
obtained by members of the South African Museum on their collecting trip
to Port Elizabeth and its surroundings. In the collections before me there are
also some 33 from the Transvaal Museum, collected by the late Dr. Brauns
near Willowmore. Bezzi’s description was based on a single § specimen. In
addition to the ¢¢ there is also in the collections of the Transvaal Museum a
somewhat damaged 9 specimen from the Albany district, which I believe to
be the as yet unknown 9 of this species. Unlike paganus, this species does not
usually frequent the coastal dune regions, but more often appears to occur more
inland in open patches in forested or shrub-covered parts.

Supplementing Bezzi’s original description of the unique ¢ type, adding

168 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

the characters of the 9, and comparing it with paganus, this species is charac-
terized as follows:

Body with the head, dorsum of thorax and metanotum mainly black, the
pleurae mainly yellowish brownish or reddish brownish and abdomen mainly
dark castaneous brownish (in g sometimes very dark blackish brownish) above,
slightly paler on sides and paler, more yellowish brownish or reddish brownish
on venter, darker posteriorly in g; antennae dark, dark reddish brownish, the
clubs in middle more dark reddish; clypeus brownish to a variable extent in
3, especially on sides, more yellowish in 9, the rims in buccal cavity on sides of
proboscis more consistently blackish; proboscis in g mainly black, in 9 paler
reddish brownish below; humeral tubercles yellowish in both sexes as in
paganus, and infusion around them yellowish reddish, fairly extensive on inner
sides of the tubercles, extending broadly on sides of thorax to opposite wing-
bases, then more narrowly; postalar calli also yellowish reddish; hind margin
of scutellum in 2 dark reddish; metanotum mainly black in J, the sides, how-
ever, sometimes obscurely dark reddish brownish, especially in 9; posterior
metapleural part below halteres and metasternal part usually paler, more
yellowish to a variable extent than rest of pleurae; sides of tergite 1, sometimes
only in hinder half, and sides of 2 and 3 or 2—4 and to a variable extent extreme
sides of rest yellowish or paler yellowish brownish than discally; hind margin of
tergite 1 dark or dark reddish in ¢, more distinctly reddish brownish in 9, and
those of 2-5 (and 6 obscurely) in 3 narrowly yellowish whitish to a variable
extent as in paganus, and those of 2—5 in 2 more broadly ring-like yellowish, but,
unlike paganus, obscure and narrow on sides, and with that of 6 in 9 narrowly
obscurely pale; bullae paler than in faganus, more orange yellowish to orange
brownish, smaller in 9, more narrowly separated above in ¢ than in paganus,
by a space subequal to, or slightly narrower than, vertical length of bullae;
hind margins of sternites 1-5 in g and 1-4 in Q pallid or yellowish whitish on
sides to a variable extent, and bases of sternites also pale, pallid or yellowish;
hypopygium of 3 mainly yellowish brownish or reddish brownish below; legs
mainly yellowish brownish, castaneous brownish, or reddish brownish, some-
times very dark in 3, the front and middle tibiae and tarsi sometimes slightly
darker brownish, and apical margins of tarsal segments usually dark, with the
upper faces of femora sometimes darkened to a variable extent in 3, the hind
ones sometimes entirely dark, the claws more dark reddish brownish and with
black tips in both sexes.

Integument of central ocellar part of head, dorsum of clypeus, proboscis,
hinder half of scutellum, tergites 1 and 2 in g and to a feebler extent sides of 3
and 4, and entire abdomen in 9, shining; head in front and behind eyes dulled
to a variable extent by dense, greyish whitish tomentum; pleurae also mainly
dulled by greyish tomentum; thorax above dull and, especially in 2, with 5
streaks of greyish whitish tomentum, separated by 4 black streaks; abdomen in
¢ dulled mainly by greyish or greyish whitish tomentum replaced by dark or
blackish tomentum on disc of tergite 2 and by dark, saddle-shaped, discal

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 169

patches of variable distinctness across more than basal halves of 3-5 and basally
on 6 which in certain lights appear reddish brownish or dark coffee brownish;
abdomen in 9, unlike that of 2 paganus, without any dull discal patches on certain
tergites, the last 3 segments and to a certain extent also 5 transversely wrinkled
as in paganus, but last two more coarsely so, on which there are also slightly
coarser, sparse, setiferous puncturation; integument of hind femora in 2 more
transversely wrinkled than in 9, not so smooth as in paganus.

‘estiture longish and dense in ¢ as in faganus, with longish and dense hairs
on head, sides of thorax above, across base of thorax, on metanotum, pleurae,
especially posterior metapleural and metasternal parts, on tergite 1, sides of 2
and 3 and even of 4 (in paganus absent on 3 and 4), and with all these hairs
entirely snow whitish; hairs in 9, unlike those of 2 paganus, however, also
fairly longish and dense, though shorter than in 3, also mainly whitish; hairs
along streaks on disc of thorax above brownish to fulvous brownish, but whitish
anteriorly on the two broadish submedial whitish streaks, shorter in 9, but
similarly coloured; short hairs on abdomen above in ¢ from disc of tergite 2
posteriorly, and including those on sternites 5-8 and hypopygium, entirely dark
or black, though some on posterior sternites sometimes appearing more
yellowish, all these hairs relatively longer than in ¢ paganus, the longish ones in
basal half of venter whitish; hairs on abdomen in Q, including rather longish
reversed ones on last three segments, entirely whitish, slightly longer than in
paganus; hairs on legs in both sexes slightly longer and denser than in paganus,
also mainly whitish, those on coxae distinctly longer, and those posteriorly on
hind ones sometimes deeper yellowish, with longish hairs also basally and along
inner lower sides of hind femora, and in ¢ also with longish ones on inner sides
of hind tibiae; fine hairs on outer sides of hind femora tinted slightly more
yellowish; spines and spicules on legs dark brownish or blackish brown.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer than in paganus, subequal in
length to, or in Q slightly shorter than, thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1
only slightly thickened in 3, not much in 9, about 2-3~-2-6 times length of 2;
segment 3 distinctly and proportionally much longer than in paganus, either
slightly longer than club or, in 9, about as long as club, its apical third or
slightly less thickened; club subspindle-shaped, slightly more pyriform in 4,
thickest at about its middle third, conically narrowed to apex, about equally
narrowed to base below in basal third as in apical third below, the extreme base
constricted; clypeus larger than in paganus; proboscis relatively very much
longer, sometimes stouter, usually a little or much longer than vertical length
of eye, its surface more wrinkled, its base also with some longish hairs below,
the labella oval, very finely striate; postvertical spines distinct, yellowish to
yellowish brownish.

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish brownish to smoky brownish to a variable
extent in both sexes, though in 3 sometimes almost hyaline, the infuscation
more evident along veins, especially in middle parts; veins yellowish brownish,
brownish, or almost black in some specimens, though paler in specimens with

170 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

almost hyaline wings; hind border relatively narrow, much narrower opposite first
posterior cell than cell itself; first posterior cell sometimes broadly open apically,
appearing more truncate; apex of discoidal cell distinctly shortly or even, in Q,
longly stalked; alula distinctly broader than in paganus; knobs of halteres
relatively broader, more truncated apically, also dark above.

Fic. 6. Side and dorsal views (all to same scale) of right process of sternite 9 of gg of:
Afroleptomydas opacus (Bezz.) (top left). Afroleptomydas suffusipennis (Brun.)
(top middle). Ajroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) vansoni n.sp. (top right).
Afroleptomydas griquaensis n.sp. (middle left). Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) anuliventris n.sp.
(middle middle). Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) tuliensis n.sp. (middle right).
Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) namaquensis n.sp. (bottom left).
Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) capicolus n.sp. (bottom middle).
Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) orangiae n.sp. (bottom right).

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened in both sexes,
slightly less so in 9, their double row of spines below somewhat slender, dark
reddish brownish to blackish brown, and from just before middle; hind tibiae
curved towards apex, their spicules along outer lower parts longer and stouter
than in paganus; basal segment of hind tarsi in J subequal in length to, or in both
sexes distinctly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 specimen with 6 or 7 dark brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 more bluntly

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 171

rounded than in paganus, with longer and denser hairs below; sternite 9 more
narrowed and conically pointed apically, its surface also wrinkled, its processes
(text-fig. 6, top left) longer than in paganus, less strongly S-curved, with more
than apical third, in side view, slender, slightly curved up, less so than in
paganus and more flattened, in dorsal view more shallowly, or scarcely, grooved
on inner side above apically, broader and more broadly rounded apically, and
with some distinct punctures along outer upper part apically.

From 7 gg and 1 9 (3 gd, including ¢ holotype, in the South African
Museum, 3 go and Q allotype in the Transvaal Museum, and 1 ¢g in Dr.

Bequaert’s collection).
Length of body: about 16-5-18-5 mm (very large specimen 23 mm)

Length of wing: about 10°5-12:25 mm (very large specimen

15°5 mm)

Distribution: South-eastern Karoo and eastern Cape: Modderfontein near
Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, January 1918, 1920); Dunbrody (J. O’Neil, 1901)
(3 holotype); Loerie (South African Museum, February 1960); Swartkops
(Dr. Brauns, February 1919); Resolution in Albany district (A. Walton,
23rd December 1927) (9 allotype).

Afroleptomydas opacicinctus n.sp.

A striking, contrastingly black and greyish-ringed, whitish-haired species,
of which the abdomen of the ¢ has a marked resemblance to the tail-pattern
of a cat or of a lemur, and which belongs to the series with dull and non-shining
abdomen. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the pleural parts, especially in 9, being in part
more dark castaneous or blackish brownish; antennae brownish to blackish
brown, the clubs usually velvety black, but often, especially in 2, with a dark
reddish or dark reddish brownish tint in basal three quarters; the following parts
yellowish, reddish yellowish or yellowish brownish: clypeus, proboscis below to
a variable extent, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax above (more distinct in @),
thorax anteriorly on inner sides of humeral tubercles, especially in 9, postalar
calli to a variable extent, base of thorax above medially in 9 to a variable extent,
sides of metanotum in 9, propleural prominence, especially in 9, metapleural
parts in front of halteres, pteropleural part in some 99, upper part of metasternal
part, especially in 9, posterior episternal part, outer aspect of hind coxae,
extreme sides and a basal and apical transverse streak on sides of tergite 1, sides
of 2, extreme sides intramarginally of 3 and 4 to a variable extent (broader
in 2 than in 3), and base or basal half of venter or sides of sternites 1-4; hind
margins of tergites 2-4 and obscurely of 5 in ¢ whitish, those of 2-6 and discally
or obscurely on 7 in 9 broader yellowish whitish, margined on basal side with
faint ochreous- or orange yellowish; hind margins of the corresponding sternites
also obscurely whitish on extreme sides; bullae orange yellowish, yellowish
brownish to orange reddish or orange brownish, separated above in g by a
space as broad as, or usually a little broader than, vertical length of bullae;

172 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

legs mainly dark castaneous brownish or reddish brownish, the hinder parts
of front and middle femora and lower inner aspect of hind ones, as well as the
tibiae and tarsi, paler, more yellowish.

Integument with only the central part of frons, head below, proboscis and, in
Q, last four abdominal segments and sides up to tergite 2, more or less shining,
the entire abdomen in ¢ being dull, due to greyish whitish tomentum which is
replaced on at least basal halves above of discal and sublateral parts of tergites
2-6 and basally only on 7 by posteriorly-deeply-indented patches of contrasting,
velvety blackish bloom, and that of 2 also dulled above discally by greyish
whitish bloom up to end of tergite 4, of which the discal basal parts of 2-4 are
also replaced by contrasting, posteriorly-indented, discal patches of the same
velvety black bloom; pleurae mainly dull.

Vestiture, apart from the greyish whitish tomentum mentioned above, with
hairs on head, in streaks on thorax above, especially on sides, on metanotum,
propleural and prosternal parts, along hind border of mesopleuron, on ptero-
pleural and metapleural parts, hinder part of metasternum, coxae, tergite 1
and sides basally of 2 and, in 3, also on sternites 1-3, longish, dense, subvillose,
but slightly shorter in 9, entirely conspicuously snow whitish; rest of fine and
shortish hairs on abdomen above in ¢ dark or brownish on the black patches,
tinted feebly greyish yellowish on rest of dorsal discal surface, but more whitish
on sides of tergites and on venter; hairs below processes of sternite 9 in ¢ and on
the sternite itself yellowish or yellowish brownish; fine, short, and sparse hairs on
abdomen of 2 pale, but the longer reversed ones on last two segments more
yellowish or brownish, appearing dark in certain lights; hairs on legs relatively
short, shorter and less dense, especially on hind legs, than in paganus and
opacus, mainly whitish.

Head with the antennae in ¢ as long as, or a little longer than, thorax
(excluding scutellum), in 9 usually a little shorter than, but sometimes as long
as, thorax; segment 1 relatively short, only slightly thickened, about 2-3-2-6
times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish, only a very little, or scarcely, longer than
club and articulating part combined, its apical fourth or a little less distinctly,
though slightly thickened; clubs pyriform, with shortish neck-like basal con-
striction; proboscis relatively short, stoutish, distinctly shorter than thorax,
without any longish hairs basally below, its labella broadish; palps well devel-
oped, longer than antennal segment 2, one sometimes longer than the other;
postvertical spines slender, pallid, more distinct in 9.

Wings greyish hyaline, appearing tinted brownish to a variable extent,
more so in Q, due to diffused fuscous borders along veins in apical two-thirds;
veins dark brownish; first posterior cell moderately broadly open apically, but
sometimes somewhat narrowly so; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; knobs of
halteres dark brown to blackish brown above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below shortish, yellowish to yellowish reddish; hind tibiae slightly
curved near apices; basal segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

‘THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 173

Oviscape in 2 with 7-8 slender yellowish brownish to brown spines on a side.
Hypopygium of 3 with the apical angles of lobes of tergite 9 rather sharp,
acutangular; sternite 9 relatively short, its apical part bluntly or subtruncately
rounded, and with a patch of darker or black hairs on each side just below bases
of processes, the latter, in side view, rather rapidly and almost equally narrowed
above and below apically, the lower margin substraight, the slender apex
slightly tilted up, in dorsal view rather sharply pointed.
From 21 gg and 3 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 15-20:5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-15 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: between Leipoldtville and Elands Bay
(Museum Expedition, October 1947) (3 holotype, 9 allotype 18, § paratypes, and
2 2 paratypes). Western Karoo: east of Pakhuis Pass (Museum Expedition,
December 1947) (2 3 paratypes).

Afroleptomydas consanguineus n.sp.

A Namaqualand species with annulate abdomen, unfortunately repre-
sented by gJ only in the collections before me, and which resembles opacicinctus
very closely. From the ¢ of the latter it is distinguished as follows:

Body similarly coloured, but with the clypeus, humeral tubercles and sides
of thorax above darker or more blackish, at least not pale yellowish or yellowish
reddish; legs on the whole paler, femora below, tibiae and tarsi paler, more
yellowish.

Integument of pleurae more shining, less densely covered with tomentum.

Vestiture very similar, similarly coloured, but fine hairs on hind femora
above darker, appearing blackish brown; fine hairs on last three sternites also
darker, more blackish brown, at least in certain lights, and hairs on hypopygium
on the whole more blackish brown or black; velvety black, opaque, discal
patches on tergites distinctly more extensive, extending to much beyond middle
of tergites and straight-margined, not indented centrally above, appearing as
broad black annulations separating the relatively narrower greyish whitish
ones; spines on hind femora below, spicules on hind tibiae and longish hairs and
spicules on tarsi paler, more yellowish or pallid, the inner faces of hind tibiae
without markedly long hairs.

Head with the antennae distinctly proportionally longer, segment 3 being _
proportionally much longer, much longer than width of eye, which in opacicinctus
is subequal in length to, or only a little longer than, width of eye; clubs propor-
tionally longer, more elongate-pyriform, with a much longer narrowed basal
half.

Wings very similar, but shorter relative to body length; veins sometimes
tending to be paler, and in the specimens before me without fuscous borders,

Hypopygium with the processes of sternite 9, in side view, relatively much
narrowed basally, more gradually narrowed to apex, becoming slender from at
least apical third and not at about apical fifth.

174 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

From 2 34 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 17-20 mm
Length of wing: about 10:3-12 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Wallekraal near coast (Museum Expedition,
October 1950).

Afroleptomydas milnertonensis Beq.
Afroleptomydas milnertonensis Bequaert, 1963: 42, fig. 7B.

A smallish species from Milnerton, near Cape Town, described by Bequaert
from 2 3 specimens collected by the late Mr. R. Turner and which is not repre-
sented in the collections before me, not even in those of the South African
Museum. According to the description, it is a peculiar species, differing from
most other species of this genus, and more especially from those occurring in the
neighbourhood of Cape Town, in certain important aspects which render its
recognition easy.

It appears to be characterized by its small size; the brownish humeral
tubercles, sides of thorax above and postalar calli; its short antennae; the rela-
tively shortish vestiture which is yellowish brownish or brownish on the vertex,
disc of thorax and on the brownish dull abdomen, the absence of longish hairs
on femora and tibiae, especially hind ones; the dull pleurae; its rather trans-
versely long orange brownish-margined bullae; the first posterior cell in wings
which is scarcely open apically or subtends angularly on costal margin; its
only slightly thickened hind femora, armed below with a double row of slender,
bristle-like spines; and hind tibiae which are straight, armed below with a
double row of rather longish spicules and without any long hairs along inner side.

Characters such as the dull abdomen, dull pleurae and the feebly thickened
hind femora, place it in the Aumeralis group as was done by Bequaert, but the
subdivision or section of this group to which it is to be assigned is uncertain.
The dull abdomen and shortish antennae seem to relegate it to the paganus
section, but the less thickened hind femora, armed with feeble spines below, the
two rows of rather slender spicules on hind tibiae and the indistinct streaks on
thorax above suggest a subsection of its own. The only other species in the
paganus section, without any markedly long hairs along inner face of hind tibiae,
is consanguineus, a species which, however, differs from milnertonensis in all other
respects.

Length of body: about 13-14 mm
Length of wing: about 9-10 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Milnerton near Cape Town (R. Turner,

January 1926).

Afroleptomydas griquaensis n.sp.

Another species with striking and characteristic, contrasting, velvety black
and greyish whitish annulations on the abdomen, like the markings on a lemur’s

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 175

tail, and which resembles opacicinctus and to a certain extent also consanguineus
superficially. From both these species, especially the former, it differs as follows:

Body also mainly black, the yellowish brownish or reddish brownish parts
very similar, but clypeus distinctly more brownish than yellowish; antennae and
proboscis below usually paler reddish brownish or reddish; sides of thorax
above in ¢ either entirely dark or only obscurely reddish brownish and in 9
either more narrowly reddish brownish or also mainly dark; sides of metanotum
in ¢ entirely dark, in @ less reddish brownish or also mainly dark; sides of
tergites 1 and 2 on the whole less extensively yellowish and sides of 3 and 4, or
the rest, not, or not so consistently, yellowish or reddish brownish intra-
marginally; hind margins of tergites 2-6 (or 7), not only 2-4, in 3 slightly more
broadly whitish and 2-6 or 7 in 9 more broadly yellowish; hind margin of
sternite I more consistently and conspicuously yellowish whitish and sides of 2-6
also more conspicuously yellowish whitish; bullae ochreous brownish, brownish
to blackish brown, black-margined.

Integument of the head with the same parts shining, but, unlike in opacicinctus,
the scutellum and more or less sides of tergites 1 and 2, as well as articulation
between them, also shining; pleurae on the other hand more consistently dulled
by greyish whitish tomentum; integument of abdomen in @, as in latter species,
mainly dulled by greyish whitish tomentum which is also replaced above on a
little more than basal halves of tergites by contrasting, velvety black, discal,
saddle-shaped patches which are, however, not indented posteriorly and which
are also confined to extreme bases on tergites 2 and 7; that of abdomen in 9
also more or less shining on last two, sometimes three, segments, the rest 1-5
(or 6) dulled discally by greyish whitish tomentum, which on 2-5 and at
extreme base of 6 is replaced by velvety blackish, basal, discal patches not so
broadly and deeply indented along their hind margins as in opacicinctus.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above, pleural parts,
metanotum, and tergites 1 and sides of 2 and 3, and coxae as long, but slightly
less dense, slightly more so in 9, also snow whitish in both sexes; hairs along the
narrow central and two broadish submedial discal streaks on thorax in both
sexes distinctly much shorter and sparser than in opacicinctus; short ones on
abdomen above and on posterior half of venter in 3 slightly longer than in
latter species, but also dark on dark discal patches; hairs on hypopygium mainly
pale, not dark; short hairs on abdomen in 9 as in opacicinctus, but relatively
longer, the longer reversed ones on last three segments, however, whitish;
hairs on legs also snow whitish, but those on femora, especially hind ones,
distinctly longer, more so in 3.

Head with the interocular space below relatively broad, proportionally
broader than in both opacicinctus and consanguineus, only a little narrower than
that on vertex (in latter two species considerably broader) ; antennae subequal
in length to, or a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1
scarcely thickened, about 3 times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish, scarcely longer
than, or about as long as, club plus articulating part, its apical segment-like

I 76 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

fourth thickened; clubs subpyriform, but more gradually narrowed basally than
in opacicinctus; proboscis relatively shorter, subequal in length to, or a little
longer than, vertical length of eyes (much longer in latter species) ; palps distinct,
conical, longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines distinct, whitish or
pallid.

Wings, relative to body-length, longer than in opacicinctus, usually greyish
hyaline in g, but sometimes with a very faint yellowish tinge along veins in
middle parts, faintly tinted yellowish in 9, less dark than in opacicinctus, the
infusion mainly along veins; veins yellowish to yellowish reddish or reddish;
discoidal cell shortly stalked apically; knobs of halteres more subracket-shaped
middle part above brownish to dark blackish brown.

Legs with the femora shining (dull in opacicinctus); hind ones slightly more
thickened, their double row of spines below pallid; basal segment of hind tarsi
subequal in length to claw-segment.

Oviscape of 2 with 7-8 relatively broader spines on a side.

Hypopygium of g with sternite 9 very similar to that of opacicinctus, but
without dark hairs on each side, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 6, middle
left), distinctly more S-curved, with more or less apical fourth or less curved up,
with fewer hairs below; aedeagus with relatively shorter epimere projecting
for a shorter distance beyond phallic tubes.

From 3 g¢ and 4 99, including the holo- and allotype, in the South
African Museum.

Length of body: about 14—18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10°5-14°5 mm
Distribution: Griqualand West: Vryburg (Museum Staff, October 1939).

Afroleptomydas pseudoopacus Beq.
Afroleptomydas pseudoopacus Bequaert, 1963: 31, figs 6, 4 and 8A.

This species, described from a single ¢ from Aus in South West Africa, is
not represented in the collections before me. From the description of Bequaert
it is quite clear that it belongs to the paganus section of the humeralis group, with
dull abdomen and dark discal patches on anterior part of tergites, and also dull
pleurae. From paganus s.str. and also opacus it appears to differ in the distinctly
longer proboscis, distinctly broader interocular space and fronto-facial part,
the less widely-separated bullae, the whitish, not brownish or fulvous, shortish
hairs on disc of thorax, the not entirely dark short hairs on greater part of
abdomen above (those in apical part of tergites being whitish), and the con-
trasting yellowish inner faces of hind femora.

It appears to be nearer griquaensis and opacicinctus, boue closer to the former,
which also differs from paganus and opacus in these respects. From griquaensis it
differs, according to the description, in being distinctly much paler, with paler
thorax, abdomen and venter, with hind margins of only tergites 2-5 yellowish
whitish, in having a broader interocular space and fronto-facial part, a slightly

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 177

longer proboscis, finely granular thorax above, and more yellowish brownish
fine hairs on anterior faces of femora and tibiae, and a longer epimere which is
more rounded apically.
Length of body: about 22 mm
Length of wing: about 16 mm
Distribution: South West Africa: Aus in Great Namaqualand (R. Turner,

January 1930).

Afroleptomydas turnert Beq.

Afroleptomydas turneri Bequaert, 1963: 38, figs 5A and 7A.
Afroleptomydas turneri var. pallidus Bequaert, 1963: 42.

A dark, mainly dull-bodied, variable, montane species, frequenting moun-
tain valleys, sometimes at high altitudes, in the Western Cape, and described by
Bequaert in 1963 from gg and 99 collected by the late Mr. R. Turner at Ceres.
The 3 was described in detail by him, but not the 2. To supplement Bequaert’s
original description and include the 9 a redescription of the species is as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the pleural parts and abdomen in @ usually
more dark castaneous or blackish brownish; clypeus dark castaneous brownish
to almost black; antennae dark or blackish, more dark reddish brownish to
yellowish brownish in 2; humeral tubercles dark blackish brownish to dark
reddish brownish in 3, usually paler to even yellowish reddish in 9; sides of
thorax above and anteriorly on inner sides of humeral tubercles dark in 3, but
usually reddish to a variable extent in 9; postalar calli usually dark reddish
brownish; metanotum black, but in some 99 obscurely reddish on extreme sides;
posterior pleural (metasternal and episternal) parts in 9 usually yellowish or
yellowish brownish to a variable extent, in 3 usually mainly dark; extreme
sides of tergites 1 and 2, and sometimes also sides of 3 and 4 or even 5 in 9,
usually also yellowish to a variable extent, usually entirely black in 3, though
in some 33 with some obscure brownish on sides basally of 1 and 2; venter in
3g mainly dark, in 9 usually slightly paler than abdomen above; hind margins of
tergites 2-5, and to a certain extent 6, in J narrowly whitish, in 9 2—5 distinctly
(sometimes also 6) more broadly yellowish whitish, their basal borders usually
tinted more orange; hind margins of sternites 1-6 in both sexes also conspi-
cuously and broadly yellowish whitish; bullae vertically elongate, narrowish,
shining black, narrowly separated above in ¢ by a space narrower than the
vertical length of bullae; apices of lobes of tergite 9 and apical halves of pro-
cesses of sternite 9 in 3 reddish brownish; legs mainly dark, dull castaneous
brownish or dark reddish brownish to blackish brown, the knees yellowish
reddish and the inner lower faces of femora and tibiae, hind tibiae, and the tarsi
more yellowish, in 9 slightly paler.

Integument with the following parts more or less shining: central nat of
frons, clypeus, to a certain extent proboscis, head below, to’a variable extent
middle anterior part of pleurae, in 9 greater part of abdomen from hinder half

178 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

of tergite 2, and in J sides of tergites 1-3 and base of 4 as well as basal half or
more of venter; integument of greater part of abdomen above in ¢ dulled by
dull greyish whitish tomentum, replaced by dull blackish, saddle-shaped, discal
patches on basal parts or halves of tergites 2-6 and extreme base of 7; in 9 dulled
by greyish whitish tomentum discally across tergite 1, bases of 2 and 3 and
sometimes obscurely across 4.

Vestiture with the hairs on head in both sexes, extreme sides of thorax in 3,
metanotum, tergite 1 and sides of 2 in both sexes, sides of 3 and even 4 in 4,
and more sparsely on sternites 2-4 in g longish and dense, though slightly
less dense in 9, entirely snow whitish; hairs in streaks on disc of thorax slightly
shorter, shorter and sparser in 9, greyish yellowish, golden yellowish to fulvous
brownish; those on propleural prominence, pteropleural and metapleural parts,
across hind margin of metasternum and on sides of hind coxae shorter than
hairs on tergite 1 and also shorter in 9 than in 3, greyish whitish, but those on
pteropleural and metapleural parts sometimes tinted slightly yellowish or even
fulvous, especially in some 99; short hairs on abdomen in ¢ slightly longer on
extreme sides of tergites and on venter, greyish whitish to greyish yellowish, but
darker, deeper yellowish or brownish on black basal patches; those on abdomen
in 2 very short, sparse, pale, but the longer and denser reversed ones on last
two segments yellowish brownish to brown; hairs on hypopygium of ¢ mainly
yellowish reddish to fulvous brownish; those on legs short in both sexes, though
sparser in 9, mainly greyish whitish, appearing more yellowish on front and
middle femora above.

Head with the antennae a little shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 about, or very little more than, 3 times length of a, slightly thickened;
segment 3 longer than club plus articulating part, its apical third, or a little less,
slightly thickened; club pyriform, more or less gradually narrowed to base, only
its extreme base constricted; proboscis relatively shortish, much shorter than
thorax (excluding scutellum), but longer than vertical length of eyes, without
long hairs basally below; palps distinct, slightly longer than antennal segment 2;
postvertical spines present, pale yellowish.

Wings relatively longer in 9° than in 4, tinted slightly yellowish brownish
in 3, sometimes only very slightly so, or even only greyish hyaline, more dis-
tinctly or darker yellowish brownish in 9, due mainly to diffused fuscous borders
to veins in some 99; veins yellowish brownish to brownish; first posterior cell
narrowly to fairly broadly open apically; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked;
hind border of wings narrower than first and third posterior cells; knobs of
halteres golf-driver-club-shaped, the apex sometimes rather pointed, dark
brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora scarcely, or only very slightly, thickened, their
double row of spines below yellowish or pallid; basal segment of hind tarsi
much longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 9 with the inner lower angle on each side of carina rugosely
punctured, with 7 or 8 spines on a side; two lobes below with a dense brush of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 179

rather short, stiffish, bristly hairs.

Hypopygium of 3 with the anal lobes rather prominent, projecting, with
short and rather stoutish, bristly hairs above; lobes of tergite 9 relatively long,
slightly produced apically, sharply pointed or acutangular apically; sternite
9 conical, laterally more rapidly narrowed to narrower and bluntly rounded
apical part, grooved or wrinkled basally and with rows of setiferous punctures
on sides of broad basal part, rather densely haired below, its processes relatively
stoutish, in side view, S-curved, rather densely and long-haired below, the
apical part slightly curved upwards, in dorsal view relatively broad, bluntly
pointed apically.

From 41 g¢ and 20 99 in the South African Museum and in the South
African Institute for Medical Research.

Length of body: about 16:5-22 mm
Length of wing: about 11-5-17 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Ceres (original material collected by R. Turner
at 1,500 ft., December 1920); upper sources of Olifants River in Ceres division
(Museum Expedition, December 1949) ; Citrusdal district (Museum Expedition,
November 1948); Olifants River between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam (Museum
staff, October-November 1931) ; Clanwilliam South African Institute for Medi-
cal Research, October 1951); Bulhoek between Clanwilliam and Klawer
(Museum Expedition, October 1950); Wit River Valley, Bains Kloof near
Wellington (Museum Expedition, December 1949).

One representative of a variational colour form, from the same locality as
the holotype, was named var. pallidus by Bequaert. It apparently differs from
the more typical form in having paler antennae, of which segment 3 is propor-
tionally longer and the apical part of the clubs is darkened; a paler proboscis,
with dark labella; uniformly pale brownish legs; a more yellowish tuft on the
upper part of metapleurae; a faint yellowish hind margin across tergite 6; no
pale hind margins on sternites 5 and 6; a more broadly open first posterior cell
in wings; and in having the apical stalk of the second submarginal cell very
short.

Afroleptomydas flavigenualis n.sp.

A dull-bodied species from Namaqualand, represented in the collections
before me by 2 gg only, and which obviously belongs to the same series as
turnert and which may be considered as the Namaqualand representative of the
latter, from which it differs in the following respects:

Body also mainly black, both the clypeus and humeral tubercles also dark;
pleurae also entirely dark; hind margins of tergites 2-6 also whitish, but the
bands distinctly broader and more conspicuously margined across their basal
margins with orange; hind margins of the corresponding sternites also uninter-
ruptedly yellowish whitish; bullae shining blackish brown or dark reddish
brownish, distinctly more widely separated above by a space only a little
narrower, or broader than, vertical length of bullae; legs, however, with the

180 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

broadish apical parts of femora, the basal parts of hind ones, and the tibiae and
tarsi conspicuously and contrastingly yellowish or luteous.

Integument of body mainly dull as in turnert, the entire abdomen above,
excepting junction between tergites 1 and 2, being also dull, but mainly black,
without pale greyish whitish tomentum on apical halves or more of the tergites
as in latter species.

Vestiture very similar, as long and as dense, but hairs across occiput just
behind vertex more yellowish, and those on thorax above and on pteropleural
and metapleural parts distinctly darker, deeper fulvous reddish or brownish;
hairs on metanotum sometimes appearing slightly more pale creamy yellowish
than whitish; rest of hairs at base of abdomen snow whitish as in turnert.

Head with the antennae (malformed in one specimen) very similar, the
segments with same proportions; proboscis, however, relatively longer.

Wings as in turneri, but first posterior cell tending to be broader open
apically; veins in anterior part of wings paler, more yellowish.

Legs very similar.

Hypopygium differs in having sternite 9 slightly less densely hairy, its pro-
cesses, in side view, distinctly shorter, less S-curved, the upper and lower margins
straighter, more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical part less curved upwards,
and in dorsal view relatively broader.

Holotype in the South African Institute for Medical Research, and para-
type in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 19-23 mm
Length of wing: about 13-14-:5 mm

Distribution: Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (October 1951) (South African

Institute for Medical Research).

Afroleptomydas koupicolus n.sp.

Another species belonging to the dull-bodied turnert and flavigenualis section
and which may almost be considered as a Koup variety of turnert, but from
which latter species it differs in the following respects:

Body also mainly dark or black; clypeus in both sexes also dark; humeral
tubercles in ¢ dark, in 9 reddish brownish as in 9 turnert; pleurae mainly dark;
hind margins of tergites 2-6 also whitish in 3 and yellowish whitish in 9; bullae
similar; venter, however, yellowish on sternites 1 and 2, base and middle of 3,
and bases of 4-6 in 3, and 1-4, and to a variable extent middle parts of 5-7,
in 2; hind margins of sternites also uninterruptedly whitish as in turneri; apices
of lobes of tergite 9, greater part of processes of sternite 9, and greater part of the
latter sternite itself in J also yellowish brownish; legs with the apical parts of
front and middle femora below, at least basal halves and entire lower and outer
lower surfaces of hind ones in 3, entire hind femora in 9, and all tibiae and tarsi
yellowish, the femora of 3 thus with even more yellowish than in ¢ flavigenualis,
and in both sexes the legs are less dark than in turnert.

Integument with the same parts shining as in latter two species, the abdomen

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 181

in both sexes dulled by the same type or pattern of greyish whitish tomentum
and black as in g and 9 of turnert.

Vestiture with the longish hairs on head, sides of thorax and base of abdomen
in both sexes also snow whitish, but distinctly denser and slightly longer than in
turneri and flavigenualis, those at base of abdomen especially dense, those on sides
of tergite 3 in g very much denser than in latter two species; shortish hairs in
streaks on disc of thorax paler yellowish, the streaks distinctly broader, and two
submedial bare streaks on thorax above in both sexes as in turnert, but those of ¢
relatively a little longer; hairs on legs equally long and dense and similarly
coloured.

Head with the antennae relatively a little longer, but apparently a little
shorter than thorax, especially in 9; segment 1 thickened, about 3:3 times
length of 2; segment 3 longer than club, relatively longer in 9 than in 3; clubs
shaped as in turnert; proboscis distinctly longer than in latter species, its base
below with distinct longish hairs.

Wings similarly tinted and the venational characters similar.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly thickened and in other respects
very similar.

Oviscape in 2 with about 7 relatively shorter spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 very similar, but with sternite 9 tending to be more
distinctly, though bluntly, keeled below, its processes, in side view, more like
those of flavigenualis, less slender apically, less curved up apically than in turneri,
more equally narrowed above and below, less curved downwards and then
upwards as in the latter species, in dorsal view more rapidly narrowed apically,
the apex being sharper.

From 1 and 19 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 20-21 mm
Length of wing: about 14-17-5 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Lammerkraal in the Prince Albert District

(Museum Expedition, September 1947).

Afroleptomydas namaquensis n.sp.

Leptomydas paganus Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker), 19245: 214. (n.syn.)

The unique, markedly large 3 specimen from Okiep in the South African
Museum which Bezzi referred to and labelled as paganus (Gerst.) s.str. is, like the
other g and 2 specimens so identified by him, not referable to paganus at all.
The true specific identity of paganus was unknown to Bezzi and, as stated under
paganus (Gerst.) in this paper, he confused no less than three different species
with the latter species. This specimen from Okiep is an entirely different
form which is closer to turneri than to other species. From the ¢ of the latter it
differs in the following respects:

Body much larger and longer; antennae reddish brownish; clypeus
yellowish; proboscis below also more extensively yellowish brownish; humeral

182 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

tubercles more castaneous brownish, and greater part of pleurae also more
castaneous brownish; basal part on sides of tergite 1 as well as extreme sides
of 2-4 (or even 5) comparatively paler, more pale castaneous or yellowish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 distinctly broader, more conspicuously,
yellowish whitish, their basal margins, at least discally, more broadly tinted
orange; hind margins of the corresponding sternites yellowish whitish only on
sides, not uninterruptedly as turnerz; bullae distinctly very much shorter verti-
cally, orange yellowish, very widely separated above by a space very much
broader than vertical length of bullae; legs mainly reddish brownish, paler on
hind femora below.

Integument also mainly dull, even greater part or entire pleurae dull, and
also entirely so on disc of tergite 2 and on rest of abdomen above, but dulled
mainly by black or dark tomentum, no pale greyish or greyish whitish tomentum
being so evident as in furnert.

Vestiture with the long hairs on head, thorax, and base of abdomen as long
and as dense, but those on sides of tergite 3 not so dense and long; all the hairs
not entirely whitish, but those on each side of occiput above, on thorax above,
pleurae, metanotum, tergites 1 and 2 discally and on middle and hind coxae
brownish, slightly darker on thorax above; those on disc of thorax relatively
slightly longer and separated by relatively broader bare streaks; longish ones at
base of venter whitish; short hairs on rest of abdomen above slightly longer
than in turnert, and mainly dark brownish, only pale on extreme sides of tergites,
and on rest of venter; hairs on hypopygium blackish brown, not fulvous or
reddish; those on legs as in turneri, but those on femora above appearing dark in
certain lights, and pale ones on tibiae more greyish yellowish or yellowish-
tinted than whitish.

Head with the antennae relatively very much shorter, considerably shorter
than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 thickened, about 3 times length
of 2; segment 3 very much shorter than in ¢urneri, appearing stoutish, subequal
in length to, or even a little shorter than, club plus articulating part, its apical
third only slightly thickened; club distinctly more spindle-shaped, not pyriform,
broadest at about middle; proboscis rather stoutish, scarcely, or only very
slightly, longer than vertical length of eyes, with distinct longish hairs basally
below; palps distinct, much longer than antennal segment 2, dark-haired;
postvertical spines present, reddish.

Wings in the specimen hyaline, not tinted at all; veins reddish; appendix
at base of second submarginal cell rather long; first posterior cell broadly open
apically; discoidal cell shortly stalked; hind margin of squamae brownish, not
whitish; halteres brown.

Legs with the hind femora relatively slightly more thickened, their double
row of spines below more dark reddish brownish; basal segment of hind tarsi
longer than claw-segment.

Hypopygium similar to that of turnert, but sternite g distinctly longer, more
sharply conically pointed, being relatively narrower apically, though also

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 183

transversely wrinkled basally and in curves on sides, its processes (text-fig. 6,
bottom left) distinctly relatively shorter, stouter, in side view less slender, less
S-curved, more gradually narrowed apically, in dorsal view even blunter and
broader apically; last sternite (8) rather elongate, relatively longer than in
turnert.
Holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 26 mm
Length of wing: about 17-5 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Okiep.

Afroleptomydas apricus n.sp.

A species with rather long and broad wings and of which the ¢ resembles
paganus and especially opacus superficially. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black, with the antennae in ¢ mainly black, the apical part of
segment 3 obscurely and apical half of club dark reddish, in 9 more dark reddish
brownish, especially segments 1 and 2, and clubs entirely dark reddish; sides of
clypeus reddish brownish, more extensively so in 2; proboscis below yellowish
reddish; humeral tubercles in 9 yellowish, in ¢ appearing dark, showing slightly
and obscurely reddish through the bloom; sides of thorax above in ¢ dark, in
dark reddish in anterior half and on inner side of humeral tubercles anteriorly;
postalar calli obscurely dark reddish in 9, dark in 3; metanotum black in 3,
obscurely dark reddish on sides in 9; pleurae in both sexes mainly black, the
area below wing-bases, however, yellowish brownish and, in 9, that below
halteres also obscurely yellowish brownish; base on sides of tergite 1 and, in 9
also sides basally of tergite 2, yellowish; venter yellowish in basal half in 3, in 2
mainly yellowish up to sternite 6, but 7 and 8 being slightly darker, and middle
part of three basal sternites blackened; ventral part of hypopygium reddish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 in 3 whitish and those of 2-6 in 9 rather
conspicuously and broadly yellowish; hind margins of sternites in ¢ whitish,
and in 9 broadly yellowish, on sides; bullae black, more broadly separated
above than vertical length of bullae in 3, more broadly so in 9; legs yellowish,
front and middle coxae and, in 3, also hind ones, almost black, with the upper
faces of the femora and, in J, extensive upper and outer and inner upper halves
of hind ones, and upper and lower faces of hind tibiae very dark or blackish
brownish, and claw-segments of tarsi in both sexes darkened.

Integument of middle part of frons, proboscis, scutellum, tergite 1 and greater
part of 2 shining, and in 9 also most of abdomen above up to basal part or
half of tergite 6; thorax above dull in both sexes, streaked greyish whitish and
black, entire pleurae dulled by rather dense whitish tomentum; rest of abdomen
in 3 mainly dull black above, but with greyish whitish tomentum across hind
margins of tergites 3-7 (fairly broadly), broader on sides and also extending
basalwards on extreme sides, and apical half of venter in 3 also dusted slightly
greyish.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above and anteriorly, on

184 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

pleurae, sides of metanotum, tergite 1, sides of 2 and 3, and basal half of venter
rather longish, dense, villose, slightly shorter in 9, entirely snow whitish; hairs
towards apex of antennal segment 1 and on 2 brownish; short hairs in streaks on
thorax above tinted slightly greyish yellowish in certain lights; short ones on
disc of tergites 2 and 3 and on greater parts above and sides of rest of tergites in
6 fairly dense, longer than in opacus, black, only some on extreme sides of 4-6
whitish; those on sternites 5-8 in ¢ tinted slightly more greyish yellowish than
whitish, and with dark or blackish ones along middle of 5-7; shortish hairs on
rest of abdomen in 2 much sparser than in 3, greyish whitish, but reversed ones
on last two segments longer, more fulvous brownish; hairs on legs fairly dense
and long, less so in 9, the longer ones in ¢ relatively longer and denser than in
opacus, mainly whitish, though the fine ones on sides of hind femora in § appear
more greyish yellowish.

Head with the antennae relatively longer than in opacus, a little longer than,
or in 2 subequal in length to, thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 slightly
thickened, about or a little less than 2-5 times length of 2; segment 3 relatively
stoutish, a little more than its apical fourth thickened, in 3 about as long as club,
in 9 a little longer; club elongate-pyriform; proboscis longer than vertical length
of eyes, with some longish hairs basally below, its labella obvate; palps distinct,
slightly longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, yellowish.

Wings relatively long and broad, more so than in opacus and in other related
forms, hyaline in 3, with a slight milky whitish tint, in 9 tinted slightly yellowish
along veins, especially in middle parts; veins brownish; first posterior cell
broadly open apically; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; alula broadly
lobe-like; knobs of halteres brown.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened in both sexes, their double
row of spines below reddish or reddish brownish; hind tibiae curved near apex,
especially in 3; basal segment of hind tarsi scarcely, or only a little, longer than
claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 9 or 10 brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lobes of tergite 9 acutangular;
sternite 9g longitudinally wrinkled, narrowed apically, bluntly pointed, its
processes, in side view, S-curved, the apical third slender, curved up, in dorsal
view more sharply pointed and narrowed than in opacus.

From 1 g and 1 9 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 18-25 mm (@ larger than ¢)
Length of wing: about 13-17 mm

Distribution: Southern Koup: Rooinek Pass to the east of Laingsburg

(Zinn and Hesse, Museum Expedition, January 1943).

Afroleptomydes anomalus n.sp.
A g and a Q, from the same locality, in the collections before me belonging
to the opacus and apricus section are, however, anomalous in that the ¢ has clear
wings and the @ distinctly tinted ones, and the antennal clubs in @ are, relative

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 185

to segment 3, longer than in the g, suggesting that they may not belong to the
same species. As these sexual differences have also been noticed in some other
species and as these specimens agree in most other characters, as far as the sexes
in this genus agree, they are here provisionally taken to be specifically identical.
They show the following characters:

Body mainly black, the pleurae in @ slightly more castaneous brownish;
antennae dark blackish brownish, the apical parts of clubs in 9 more dark
orange reddish; clypeus reddish brownish on sides; proboscis reddish brownish
below; humeral tubercles dark in both sexes, though more obscurely dark
blackish brownish in Q; sides of thorax above black; postalar calli obscurely
dark reddish brownish, more so in 2; metanotum entirely dark; posterior meta-
pleural and metasternal parts, sides basally of tergite 1 more yellowish brownish,
and sides of 2 and 3 slightly paler than discally, more reddish brownish; hind
margin of tergite 1 dark reddish brownish, almost black; those of tergites 2-6 in
3$ whitish, more broadly and conspicuously pale yellowish or yellowish whitish
in Q; bullae black or very dark; hypopygium in ¢ mainly reddish brownish,
the apical parts of processes of sternite 9 paler; venter reddish brownish, paler
and more yellowish basally; hind margins of sternites 1-6 in both sexes whitish
on sides, broader in 9; legs with the coxae in g darker, in 2 dark reddish brown-
ish or dark castaneous brownish, the femora dark or dark brownish above,
paler or more yellowish below, the hind ones especially more contrastingly
yellowish below and basally, the tibiae and tarsi yellowish brownish, slightly
paler in 9, the hind ones appearing darkened below, especially in g, and claw-
segment of tarsi darkened.

Integument of head dulled by dense, greyish whitish tomentum, only central
parts of frons, clypeus above and proboscis shining; thorax above dull, with
4 streaks of greyish whitish tomentum; scutellum shining; metanotum and
pleurae mainly dulled by greyish tomentum; abdomen in J with tergites 1 and
2 shining, but rest dull; composed of greyish whitish tomentum, replaced
by dullish, black, saddle-shaped, discal patches in more than basal halves of
tergites 3—7, smallest on 7, the integument itself transversely aciculate or sub-
sttiate, covered with small setiferous puncturation; abdomen in 2 smooth and
shining, with very feeble dark bluish reflections, obscurely transversely striate,
but more distinctly and more coarsely so on last three segments, and also covered
with minute, sparse, setiferous puncturation, denser posteriorly; venter in 9 also
shining, in both sexes transversely striated in posterior half.

Vestiture long and fairly dense on head, thorax, especially sides and basally,
sides of metanotum, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, sides of 3, and, in 3, to a lesser
extent and more shortly on sides of rest, and on legs, all these being slightly
shorter and less dense in 9, and in both sexes mainly snow whitish; hairs on
antennal segments 1 and 2 dark; those on thorax above in 5 streaks, those dis-
cally with a very feeble sericeous yellowish tint in certain lights; shorter and
fairly dense hairs on abdomen above in black discally on tergites 2—7 on black
patches, those on 8, as well as those on sides and on hypopygium, whitish;

186 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

sparser hairs on abdomen above in Q, even reversed ones posteriorly, whitish;
hairs on venter whitish in both sexes, denser and longer in 3, and in ¢ also with
some dark ones medially on sternites 5-8; hairs on legs much longer and denser
in 3g, mainly whitish in both sexes; spines on hind femora reddish brownish
in 3, more fulvous in 9, the spicules on legs in both sexes fulvous.

Head with the antennae in ¢ distinctly longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum), in 9 a very little shorter than thorax; segment 1 slightly thickened, .
about 2-3-2°5 times length of 2; segment 3 equally long in both sexes, a little
less than its apical third thickened, slightly longer than club in 3, in 9 about as
long as club; latter elongate-pyriform, gradually and equally narrowed to base,
conical apically, broadest at about middle, but in 9 with a longer broader part,
its base shortly contricted; proboscis a little longer than vertical length of eyes,
in ¢ about 2-2 mm, in 9 about 2-6 mm, with some longish hairs basally below;
palps markedly slender in 3, much longer than antennal segment 2, in 2 much
shorter, scarcely longer than this segment; postvertical spines slender, bristle-
like, yellowish.

Wings almost clear hyaline in 3, the middle veins with scarcely perceptible,
faint, narrow, fuscous borders, in @ distinctly tinted yellowish brownish from
about level of bases of marginal and discoidal cells to more or less level of apices
of these cells, more so along veins in this part; veins reddish brownish; apex of
discoidal cell shortly stalked; alula and axillary lobe rather broadish; knobs of
halteres darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below from near base; hind tibiae slightly curved near apex; basal
segment of hind tarsi sub-equal in length to claw-segment or very slightly
shorter.

Oviscape in 2 with about 8 or 9 brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite g angularly pointed apically;
sternite 9 conical, transversely wrinkled basally, and obliquely longitudinally so
towards apex, its processes, in side view, S-curved, relatively shortish, curved
upwards apically, in dorsal view bluntly pointed apically.

From 1 g and 1 Q in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 16-5 (3)-20-5 (2) mm
Length of wing: about 12 (9)—15 (2) mm

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 20th December
1920) (¢ holotype); Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 15th February 1921) (92
allotype).

From apricus it differs in having relatively narrower wings, relatively
shorter antennae and proboscis, whitish hairs, not fulvous ones, on last three
abdominal segments in 2, much shorter and more bluntly pointed processes of
sternite 9 in g, and sternite 8 in J not slightly emarginate in middle.

From opacus the 3 differs, apart from certain comparisons already made in
the description, in having clear wings, dark humeral tubercles, dark sides of
thorax, blackish bullae, more contrasting yellowish on femora, especially the

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 187

hind ones, denser shortish hairs on abdomen above which, even posteriorly,
are whitish on sides, shorter, more pointed lobes of tergite 9 and shorter, less
slender processes of sternite 9.

From paganus it may be distinguished by the black or dark humeral tuber-
cles, black sides and disc of thorax, without two submedial reddish streaks,
whitish hind margins across tergites 2-6, not 2—5, black bullae, longer antennae,
much broader alula and axillary lobe, contrasting yellowish on femora below,
absence of discal patches of greyish whitish tomentum on tergites in Q, etc.

Afroleptomydas pallidipes n.sp.

This mainly pale Karoo species is unfortunately represented in the collec-
tions by a single Q specimen only. It is characterized as follows:

Body and head, with the exception of the dark eyes and labella of proboscis,
and the shining black bullae, mainly yellowish brownish or toffee brownish;
greater part of antennae, clypeus, humeral tubercles, extreme base on sides of
tergite 1, and legs paler yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 (and faintly on 7)
conspicuously broadly lemon yellowish as are also the corresponding sternites on
sides.

Integument of middle part of frons, scutellum, and abdomen shining; entire
pleurae dulled by greyish whitish bloom or tomentum, as are also to a greater
extent the thorax above (in streaks) and the metanotum; legs mainly shining.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above, on metanotum,
pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, toa much lesser extent sides of 3, base of venter, coxae,
inner basal parts or halves of hind femora, and on inner sides of tibiae, longish,
fairly dense, whitish; hairs on apical half of antennal segment 1 and those on 2
brownish; postvertical spines yellowish; shorter hairs in three streaks on disc of
thorax above also yellowish or pale fulvous in certain lights; sparse shortish
hairs on abdomen above, reversed ones on tergites 5-8 and on posterior half of
venter gleaming pale sericeous yellowish in certain lights; those on legs whitish;
spines and spicules on legs pale reddish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment
I quite 3 times length of 2; segment 3 only slightly thickened apically, longer
than club; latter elongate-conical, more swollen in apical half on inner side
than on outer side; clypeus rather prominent, convex; proboscis shortish,
somewhat laterally compressed, subequal in length to antennal segments 2 and
3, its labella ovate, more than half length of shining stem; palps small, about as
long as antennal segment 2.

Wings faintly subopaquely yellowish whitish; veins pallid; first posterior
cell apically broadly touching costal margin; discoidal cell rather longly
stalked apically; knobs of halteres pallid or yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly thickened, their double row of pale
reddish spines from near base; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to
claw-segment.

188 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Oviscape with a comb of 7 or 8 brownish spines on a side.
Holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 17 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm
Distribution: Nieuveld Karoo: Rietvlei on escarpment near Beaufort West
(Zinn and Hesse, January 1949).

Afroleptomydas latipennts n.sp.
Leptomydas subclausus Bezzi (in part), 19245: 216. (n.syn.)

This species is the other somewhat damaged 92 from Namaqualand which
Bezzi questionably referred to his species subclausus (Afroleptomydas (Crossoproso-
pus) subclausus). There is no doubt that the 2 specimen on which this species is
based is specifically different from subclausus. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly yellowish brownish; head in front and below and pleurae dark
reddish brownish; thorax discally above blackish, but with the sides broadly
reddish and two submedial discal streaks above also fairly broadly reddish;
humeral tubercles, an infusion on propleural part, pteropleuron and meta-
pleural part in front of halteres yellowish; dorsum of abdomen pale yellowish
brownish, with very dark reddish brownish patches on sides of tergites, and last
tergite also mainly dark reddish brownish, except for some yellowish discally at
apex; hind margins of tergites 1-7 conspicuously and broadly yellowish, and
extreme base of tergite 1 more dark reddish brownish; bullae smallish, reddish
brownish, very widely separated; hind margins of sternites very broadly and
conspicuously, and uninterruptedly, yellowish; legs mainly yellowish, their
spines and spicules pallid.

Integument of middle parts of frons and clypeus shining; thorax above,
scutellum, metanotum, entire pleurae and more or less tergites 1-3 dull, due to
greyish whitish bloom or tomentum which is fairly dense on head, but less
dense on pleurae and tergites 1-3; rest of abdomen above more or less shining;
legs dullish.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, thorax, especially sides, pleurae, metano-
tum, and abdominal segments 1 and 2 and on 7 and 8 longish, fairly dense,
whitish on most of these parts, but posteriorly on abdomen more yellowish,
and on last segment and genital parts more brownish; hairs on disc of thorax
yellowish or fulvous, and not quite as short as in many other species; hairs on
legs, especially coxae, also longish and whitish.

Head with the antennae, excepting segments 1 and 2, missing in the speci-
men, but with 1 distinctly thickened, quite 3 times length of 2; proboscis also
broken off in specimen, but judging from remaining labral part, probably
shortish; palps minute, shorter than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines
not differentiated, not observable.

Wings relatively short, markedly broad, at broadest part distinctly much
more than one-third of their length, with a distinct greyish yellowish subopacity,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 189

or milky whitish appearance in certain lights; veins pale yellowish reddish;
second submarginal cell markedly narrowed apically; first posterior cell also
tending to be narrowed apically; discoidal cell with a rather long apical stalk;
squamal margin whitish; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs relatively longish, especially hind ones; hind femora scarcely or only
slightly thickened, their basal parts, relative to their thickness, rather stoutish,
and their double row of pallid spines from near base.

Oviscape with comparatively short yellowish brownish spines, as far as can
be seen about 5 or 6 on a side.

Holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Spektakel (Lightfoot, October 1890).

Afroleptomydas luteocinctus n.sp.

Another somewhat damaged @ specimen from Namaqualand in the
collections before me also belongs to the dull-bodied section with extensive
yellowish to pale yellowish brownish on the body of the 2 above, and very
closely resembles the preceding species latipennis. It is characterized as follows:

Body with the head, thorax above, scutellum, discal part of metanotum,
pleural parts, abdomen below and laterally mainly dark; clypeus mainly dark,
but its sides appearing reddish brownish through the hairs; humeral tubercles
yellowish; the following parts pale yellowish reddish or yellowish brownish to a
variable extent: broadish sides of thorax above, two submedial longitudinal
streaks on thorax above (broadish anteriorly and thinning out posteriorly), sides
and hind margin of scutellum, sides of metanotum, hind margin of mesopleuron,
pteropleural and metapleural part in front of halteres, entire tergite 1 (except
for a dark basal spot discally), entire tergite 2 (except for a dark spot laterally),
and discal parts on more or less apical halves of tergites 3-7 (becoming less
extensive posteriorly); last abdominal segment reddish brownish; sides of
tergites 3-7 and across their basal parts above dark blackish brown; venter,
except basally, mainly dark blackish brown; hind margins of tergites 2—7 and of
the corresponding sternites broadly yellowish whitish, the basal margins of
those across the tergites being more yellowish and merging into rest of the
yellowish brownish above; bullae blackish brown, smallish, very widely sepa-
rated above; legs mainly yellowish or pale yellowish brownish, the coxae dark,
but outer sides of hind ones and lower parts of middle ones more reddish or
yellowish reddish.

Integument of middle part of frons, head below, proboscis, and to a lesser
extent anterior and lower parts of pleurae, and the abdomen from hind margin
of tergite 3 shining or subshining; metanotum, tergites 1 and 2, more than basal
half discally of 3, and across base of 4 dulled by greyish whitish tomentum like
thorax above.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above, sides of metanotum,

190 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

on pleural parts, tergites 1 and 2 (especially on sides) longish, mainly whitish;
those on sides of thorax and on pleurae tinted slightly more yellowish; shorter
hairs on disc of thorax more golden or fulvous; rest of shortish hairs on abdomen
above whitish, but the longer reversed ones on last two segments darker, more
brownish or reddish brownish; hairs on oviscape also reddish brownish; hairs
on legs not long or dense, mainly whitish; spines and spicules on legs pallid or
very pale yellowish.

Head with the antennae in this specimen partly broken off, but with seg-
ment 1 slightly thickened, about 3-3 times length of 2; proboscis rather longish,
slender, much longer than vertical length of eyes, though much shorter than
thorax (excluding scutellum), without any longish hairs basally below; palps
distinct, but short, only a little longer than antennal segment 2; eyes in this
specimen rather depressed vertically along their anterior aspect; some longish,
yellowish, postvertical spines present.

Wings relatively long, tinted faintly yellowish, especially as faint borders
along veins in middle parts, and with a slight subopacity; veins yellowish to
pale yellowish reddish; first posterior cell broadly open apically; apex of dis-
coidal cell shortly stalked; hind margin of squamae more yellowish than
whitish; knobs of halteres brown above in middle.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below pallid, and from near base.

Oviscape with about 6 spines on a side.

Holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 21 mm
Length of wing: about 17 mm

Distribution: Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Museum staff, September
1930).

This species differs from Jlatipennis by its slightly darker clypeus, narrower
reddish submedial discal streaks on thorax, the less extensive reddish on sides
only of metanotum, the more distinctly darkened bases of tergites 3-6 (or 7),
darker and larger bullae, distinctly longer and denser hairs on head, thorax, and
especially sides of tergites 1 and 2, more fulvous yellowish hairs on thorax above
and the much longer, less tinted wings.

Afroleptomydas suffusipennis (Brun.) n.comb.
Leptomydas suffusipennis Brunetti, 1929: 9.

A striking and characteristic species with bicolorous abdomen of dark and
yellow and bicolorous wings which Brunetti described from Rhodesia and of
which the late Dr. Arnold, of the National Museum in Bulawayo, has very
kindly submitted some specimens identified by Brunetti himself. The species is
characterized as follows:

Body with the following parts black or blackish brown or dark castaneous
brownish: the head, thorax above, scutellum, discal part of metanotum to a
variable extent, discal part of tergite 1, sides of transverse basal depression of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA IQI

tergite 2 as well as sides in more than basal half of same tergite, a patch or
infusion of variable size on sides of tergites 3—5 in ¢ (larger on 5) and 3-4 in 9,
to a variable extent across almost entire tergite 6 and entire 7 in ¢ and across
5 and 6 and entire 7 and 8 in Q, to a variable extent sternites 5—7 in g and 3-8
in 9, and anterior lower pleural parts; the following parts yellowish to ochreous
yellowish: humeral tubercles and an area on inner sides of them, sides of thorax
above, sides of metanotum in ¢ to a variable extent, more extensive or even
greater part of metanotum in Q, pteropleural and metapleural parts around
halteres as well as upper part of hypopleuron, sides anteriorly of tergite 1, disc
and sides posteriorly of tergite 2 and of 3—5 in dg, to a variable extent 3 and 4 in
Q, to a variable extent apical part of 6 in gj and 5 in 9, basal half of venter in 3,
base of venter in Q, last sternite in 3, and lower parts of hypopygium in ¢ (the
yellow on abdomen being more ochreous or even orange, contrasting much with
the dark basal and apical parts); antennae blackish brownish or dark reddish
brownish, segment 2 yellowish, and clubs paler reddish brownish in § to more
yellowish reddish or orange in 2; clypeus yellowish brownish or reddish
brownish; proboscis reddish brownish, with black labella; hind margins of
tergites I—7 in g and 1-6 in @ yellowish whitish, those across 6 and 7 in ¢ being
narrow; hind margins of corresponding sternites also yellowish whitish on sides;
bullae relatively small, more so in 9, reddish or reddish brownish, dark- or
black-margined, widely separated above, at least twice or a little more, vertical
length of bullae in 3, in Q a little more than 4 times this length; legs mainly
yellowish, the coxae brownish or castaneous brownish, and upper surfaces of
front and middle femora, extensive upper and lateral parts of hind femora, and
last tarsal segments castaneous brownish.

Integument of central part of frons, scutellum, tergite 1 and base of 2 in 3,
as well as 6 and 7 in 9, and most of abdomen above in 9 shining; entire pleurae
dulled by greyish whitish tomentum.

Vestiture with the longish hairs on head, sides of thorax, on pleurae, sides of
metanotum, tergite 1, sides of 2, and on basal part of venter whitish; shortish
ones in streaks on thorax above also whitish; fine, shortish, fairly dense hairs
on rest of abdomen above in J yellowish to golden or fulvous yellowish, longer
and more whitish on sides of tergites 3 and 4; those on apical half of venter in
g also yellowish like those on hypopygium; reversed hairs on last three,
especially last two, abdominal segments in @ greyish whitish, appearing dark in
certain lights, those on coxae longer, whitish, but the shorter ones on front faces,
especially apically, sometimes tinted slightly yellowish; hairs on inner sides
of hind tibiae longer than rest.

Head with the antennae a little shorter than, or scarcely longer than, thorax
(excluding scutellum); segment 1 slightly thickened, quite 3 times length of 2;
segment 3 distinctly longer than club, a little less than its apical third slightly
thickened; clubs elongate-pyriform, their terminal crater-like prominence more
prominent in g than in Q; proboscis shorter than antennae, but longer than
vertical length of eyes, with a few longish hairs near base below, its labella

192 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

arrow-head-shaped, sharp pointed; postvertical spines present.

Wings characteristically bicolorous, the basal part up to apex of third
posterior cell and straight across to costal margin tinged brownish, more so
along veins, with the rest or apical part contrastingly clear, tinted subopaquely
whitish; veins yellowish brownish in tinted part, paler and more yellowish or
pallid in whitish apical part; first posterior cell fairly broadly open apically;
apex of discoidal cell very shortly stalked; knobs of halteres with a brownish or
dark brownish spot above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, less so in 9, their double
row of spines below pallid or yellowish, beginning just before middle; hind tibiae
slightly curved, slightly less so in 9; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly shorter
than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 6 or 7 yellowish brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 equilaterally triangular, their
posterior angles subacute; sternite 9 conically and bluntly pointed, wrinkled
below, the wrinkles more transverse basally and curving round longitudinally
below to apex, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 6, top middle), gradually
tapering, S-curved, a little more than their apical third turned up, in dorsal view
rather narrowish, rather pointed apically.

From material in the South African Museum, Transvaal Museum, National
Museum of Rhodesia, and Division of Entomology, Pretoria.

Length of body: about 18-20-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12-6—-14 mm

Distribution: Rhodesia: Bulawayo and surroundings (September and Octo-

ber). Northern Transvaal: Njelele River (September).

Crossoprosopus n.subgen. of AFROLEPTOMYDAS Beq.
Nomoneura Bequaert (nec Bezzi) in part (for stevensoni), 1938: 343. (n.syn.)

Some species of Afroleptomydas in the collections before me differ from all
the other species of the latter genus in a combination of characters which at once
characterizes them as belonging to a distinct group or division of Afroleptomydas.
Representatives showing these characters merit a distinct subgeneric status
within the latter genus which, as at present constituted, appears to be rather
heterogeneous. To accommodate these species a new subgenus Crossoprosopus 1s
proposed which shows the following combination of characters distinguishing
it from the more typical representatives of Afroleptomydas:

Head (cf. text-fig. 7, right) with the hairs in front characteristically arranged
in tiers in at least two transverse, awning-like fringes, leaving bare and usually
shining, transverse spaces between them, except for tomentum along inner
margins of eyes, as follows: the hairs on vertex and then a smooth space across
ocellus, followed by an awning-like, fringe-like, downwardly-directed tuft at the
same level on each side just above antennae, then another smooth and hairless,
transverse space below antennae and across at least basal half and upper clypeal
part of face, followed once more by an awning-like fringe of downwardly-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 193

directed hairs across middle or near apical part of clypeus, leaving dorsal part
and to a certain extent sides below of latter, and the genal depression, hairless;
head in front rather narrowish or even markedly so, the inner margins of eyes
being more narrowly separated than in Afroleptomydas s.str., sometimes con-
verging above and below in 33; interocular space on vertex in $¢g tending to be
subequal in width to or only a little broader than, space just below proboscis,
and, in 99, in comparison with that of most other species of Afroleptomydas s.str.,
proportionally narrower relative to width below; vertex itself rather more
deeply sunk in, especially in 39.

Wings with a tendency for first posterior cell sometimes to open compara-
tively narrowly on costal margin, sometimes subtending angularly on the
margin, appearing sessile or as if very shortly stalked.

Abdomen usually with conspicuous, broadish, ring-like, yellowish or ivory
yellowish hind margins (more conspicuous in 99) across all the tergites, except-
ing sometimes across 1, and with hind margins of all the sternites also corre-
spondingly yellowish or yellowish whitish.

Vestiture with the individual hairs relatively stiff or stoutish, more apparently
serrated; those on thorax above also in streaks as in the humeralis group of
Afroleptomydas s.str., usually in four broadish ones and a narrow central one, but
hairs are markedly depressed, decumbent and flattened against the surface;
pleurae invariably dull, due to fine, greyish or greyish whitish tomentum; hairs
on legs comparatively poorly developed, shortish and sparse, without any
longish ones on inner side of hind tibiae.

Legs with the spines on hind femora below usually whitish, pallid, or pale,
or very pale yellowish; spicules on hind tibiae below situated on distinct small
tubercles or granules and these tibiae without any longish hairs like those in
most species of Afroleptomydas.

Hypopygium of $3 not much different from those of 34 of Afroleptomydas
s.str., though the processes (cf. text-fig. 6, middle middle—bottom right) are
usually more rapidly narrowed to apex, with the base usually much dilated, the
apex tending to be more sharply pointed and bent slightly downwards, and
usually without or fewer hairs along outer ventral edge.

As the first two described species, subclausus (Bezz.) and stevensoni (Beq.),
as well as the other two species rudebecki and junodi of Bequaert, are based on one
sex only, the species maurice: of Bequaert (1963: 15) is designated as the type-
species of the new subgenus.

From the new genus Oreomydas, described farther on, which also has a
narrowish head in front, this subgenus, apart from the characteristic arrange-
ment of the hairs on head in front, is distinguished by the less markedly
narrowish head in front, the larger sensory area on apical part of antennal clubs
which is not so terminal and truncated, the distinctly longer and denser vesti-
ture, the larger, longer and broader anal lobes in $4, more conical sternite 9,
and the comparatively longer, less divergent phallic tubes.

From Nomoneura Bezz. (emended sense), which also has a narrowish head

194 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fic. 7 (same proportions)

Left: Front view of head (minus antennae) of 3 Afroleptomydas paganus (Gerst.) to show arrange-
ment of hair of Afroleptomydas s.str. Also separately dorsal view of left antenna and side view of
proboscis of same species.

Right: Front view of head (minus antennae) of $ Afroleptomydas (n.subgen. Crossoprosopus)
mauricei Beq. to show arrangement of hair of n.subgen. Crossoprosopus. Also separately dorsal
view of left antenna and side view of proboscis of same species.

in front and narrowish interocular space, this subgenus may at once be dis-
tinguished by the arrangement of the fronto-facial hairs, presence of hairs on
metanotum, posterior part of mesopleuron and on pteropleuron, and the
distinctly less stalked first posterior cell in wings. The various species assigned
to this subgenus are:

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) anuliventris n.sp.

A Karoo species of which the conspicuously yellow-ringed abdomen of the
Q gives it a marked wasp-like appearance resembling a masarid, or a Camp-
someris-species of the Scoliidae. It is characterized as follows:

Body rather stoutish and thick, mainly black in both sexes; antennae in 9
yellowish, the clubs more orange yellowish, in 3 mainly dark, only apical halves
of clubs reddish; clypeus in 3 reddish, in 9 brighter, more orange yellowish;
humeral tubercles in both sexes and base of tergite 1 (on sides) in 9, and extreme
base of venter in both sexes yellowish; more yellowish reddish to reddish are:
stem of proboscis in Q, postalar calli in 3, broadish sides of thorax above in 9,
basal part of scutellum in Q, sides basally of metanotum in @ to a variable
extent, area below wing-bases in both sexes, sometimes greater part of ptero-
pleuron in Q, area surrounding halteres (deeper reddish in 3), basal part of
venter, especially in 3, apical slender half of processes of sternite 9 in 3, apical
part of anal lobes of 3 to a variable extent, aedeagus and ventral part of
hypopygium to a variable extent, hinder halves and posterior faces of hind
coxae in both sexes, entire abdominal segment 8 in 9 (usually more yellowish
than yellowish reddish), and last sternite and genital segment in 9; hind margins

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 195

of tergites 1-7 in 9 and 2-7 in ¢ broadly and conspicuously yellowish, especially
in Q, that of 7 in Q yellowish in more than apical half; broadish hind margins of
sternites in both sexes and also sides of sternite 7 in 9 yellowish; bullae well
developed in both sexes, shining black, widely separated; legs in 3 reddish
brownish, the femora blackened above, and tarsi slightly paler, more yellowish,
the legs in 9 paler, more yellowish.

Integument of middle part of frons, transverse depression between tergites
1 and 2, and in 9 abdomen from tergite 3 (without coppery tomentum on 3 and
4), shining; that of tergites 1 and 2 in 9 and entire abdomen in @, and entire
pleurae and thorax above in both sexes dull; integument of abdomen above in 2
strongly transversely wrinkled in posterior half, especially across last three
segments.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of thorax above, sides of metanotum,
on pleurae (where present), on tergites 1 and 2 and on coxae longer and denser,
more or less equally developed in both sexes, entirely snow whitish, the indi-
vidual hairs even more coarsely beaded or serrated in appearance than in many
other species; shortish hairs on rest of abdomen in ¢ also whitish; reversed ones
on posterior part of abdomen in Q, especially last two segments, rather dense,
stiff, bristle-like, conspicuous and fulvous like hairs on genital segment; hairs
on legs short and sparse in both sexes, a little denser on tibiae, whitish; spines
and spicules on legs also whitish.

Head with the antennae much shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 about 2-5 times length of 2 in 9 and about 3 times in 33; segment 3
more slender in J, slightly thickened apically, subequal in length to, or even
very slightly shorter than, or sometimes a very little longer than, club; club
inflated, pyriform, its apical third rapidly conical or narrowed to terminal
protuberance, and finely silvery pubescent; proboscis short, stoutish, shorter
than vertical length of eye, its labella elongate-oval, only a little shorter than
stem; palps distinct, a little longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical spines
well developed in 9.

Wings rather long in 9, greyish hyaline in 3, distinctly, though faintly,
tinted more yellowish in 9, especially along main veins; veins pale reddish;
first posterior cell broadly touching or opening on costal margin; apex of dis-
coidal cell with a short or very short stalk; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora in ¢ distinctly thickened a little, though scarcely
so in 9, but longer in Q, their apical parts in 3 sometimes tending to be slightly
bent upwards, their double row of spines below well developed; hind tibiae
curved near apex, especially in J; basal segment of hind tarsi markedly elongate,
much longer than claw-segment; claws markedly elongate, rapidly curved down
apically.

Oviscape in ° armed with 6-8 stoutish, flattened, blunt, reddish brownish
spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 angularly pointed apically, their
inner hind margins together forming a broad obtuse angle; sternite 9 conical,

196 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

narrowed and bluntly rounded apically, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 6,
middle middle), with the basal half broad, and the apical half nearly straight,
slender and, in dorsal view, narrowish, slightly grooved above, at first con-
verging then diverging, and rather bluntly pointed apically, with relatively very
few hairs along outer ventral edge; epimere of aedeagal apparatus apically
broadened, scoop-like, about as broad as distance between apices of phallic
tubes, and extending only a little beyond phallic tubes.
From 2 g¢ and 2 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 17-23-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11-18 mm
Distribution: Koup Karoo: Laingsburg district. (Museum Staff, October 1931
(3 holotype) ; September 1931 (9 allotype and 1 g and 1 Q paratypes)).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) karooanus n.sp.

Another species very near to, if not merely a distinct variety of, anulzventris,
and of which the very similar Q also has a superficial resemblance to a masarid or
to scoliids of the genus Campsomeris. From anuliventris it however differs in the
following respects:

Body in the 3 comparatively more slender, similarly coloured in both sexes,
but clypeus darker, either entirely dark in 3 or, in 9, only yellowish or brownish
on sides; the yellowish reddish on sides of thorax above in 9 more consistently
present from humeral tubercles to postalar calli; antennae in 2 darker, segment
3 mainly dark, and clubs also more darkened apically; sides of metanotum in
2 more extensively reddish; hind margins of tergites 7 and 8 in 3 more broadly
yellowish, and tergite 6 in 9 distinctly more broadly yellowish posteriorly, at
least, or more than its apical half yellowish; knobs of halteres less extensively
darkened above.

Integument similar, but that of tergites 3 and 4 in 9, apart from discal parts
of 1 and 2, duller, due to a tomentum which gleams feebly coppery in certain
lights (absent in anuliventris).

Vestiture with the hairs on last three abdominal segments in 2 darker, more
brownish.

Head with the antennal clubs distinctly less inflated or thickened, appearing
more elongated, more gradually narrowed basally, at broadest part distinctly
much more than half its length; proboscis distinctly more slender, slightly
longer, its length, from theca, distinctly more than horizontal width of eyes, its
labella very much shorter than stem.

Hypopygium of 3 with sternite g more inflated or bulbous apically, not so
narrowed and conically pointed apically as in anuliventris, more bluntly trun-
cated, its process relatively longer; epimere of aedeagal apparatus narrower,
narrower than distance between phallic tubes, comparatively longer, extending
for a longer distance beyond phallic tubes than in anuliventris.

From 5 3d and 2 99 (types and 2 gand 1 9 paratypes in the South African
Museum, and 2 ¢ paratypes in the Transvaal Museum).

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 197

Length of body: about 14-21 mm
Length of wing: about 9-17 mm
Distribution: Karoo: Murraysburg district (Museum staff, March 1931)
(3 holotype, 2 allotype and 2 ¢ paratypes). Koup: Laingsburg division
(Museum staff, February 1938) (Q paratype); Laingsburg district (Museum
staff, December 1937) (1 3 paratype). Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr.
Brauns, March 1910) (2 ¢ paratypes).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) campsomeroides n.sp.

A single 9 specimen in the Transvaal Museum, from the south-western
corner of the Orange Free State, resembles the 9° of anuliventris and karooanus
very closely and like them has a marked superficial resemblance to 9° of certain
Scoliidae, such as those of the genus Campsomeris. It agrees and differs from 99°
of anuliventris and karooanus as follows:

Body also mainly dark or blackish, the non-pale yellowish parts of abdomen
above and below more castaneous brownish or reddish brownish than even in
karooanus; sides of vertex dark reddish; antennae dark brownish as in latter, the
clubs however darkened in basal parts, more orange brownish in more than
apical halves; clypeus darkish, more castaneous, like that of karooanus; reddish
infusion around yellowish humeral tubercles distinctly more circumscribed than
in the other two species; extreme sides of thorax above only very narrowly and
obscurely reddish, but postalar calli and base of thorax also yellowish reddish;
scutellum darker, more blackish; metanotum even less extensively reddish
on sides anteriorly than in anuliventris; pleurae, including metapleural part in
front of halteres, mainly dark or blackish; sides basally of tergite 1 also yellowish,
but sides of 2 more castaneous like rest of abdomen, not very dark or blackish;
hind margin of tergite 1 darker, more dark reddish brownish, not pale yellowish;
hind margins of rest of tergites also broadly and conspicuously, ring-like
yellowish whitish, also becoming broader on 5-7 as in karooanus, but only so
discally, the last tergite however dark, not yellowish or reddish; hind margins
of sternites not conspicuously and strikingly yellowish as in the other two species,
only so on extreme sides; bullae black, with some shallow, pit-like depressions
intramarginally along base; legs slightly darker, especially femora above, the
hind ones more extensively brownish, and apical parts of hind tibiae also more
darkened.

Integument with the same parts shining as in the other two species, but not
only are discal parts of tergites 1 and 2 dulled by more conspicuous greyish
tomentum, but more than basal halves of 3 and 4 are dull dark discally, with a
tomentum which gleams coppery in certain lights, very much more con-
spicuously so than in karooanus (absent in anuliventris); last three abdominal
segments also transversely wrinkled, but less coarsely so than in anulvenirts,
more like those in karooanus. |

Vestiture very similar, but comparatively slightly shorter, even on head in
front, but especially on thorax above, metanotum, on sides of tergites 1 and 2

198 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

and apical part of abdomen, and legs; hairs on head not entirely snow whitish,
those on sides of vertex, a tuft on each side at middle of frons, on sides of clypeus
above, and on palps distinctly yellowish; short, decumbent hairs in streaks on
disc of thorax and to a certain extent the slightly longer ones on extreme sides
also tinted yellowish, not whitish; rest of hairs on pleurae and abdomen whitish,
the reversed ones on last three abdominal segments comparatively shorter and
sparser, as in karooanus, but distinctly even darker, those on genital segment
even more blackish; hairs on legs much shorter, sparser, though also mainly ©
whitish; spines and spicules on legs whitish or rather pallid.

Head with the antennae distinctly proportionally longer than in other two
species, only a little shorter than thorax; segment 1 shorter, about 2-6 times
length of 2 (proportions 8:3, whereas in the other two species, these are 9:4);
segment 3 proportionally longer, even a little longer than club; latter also
relatively longer, less inflated, more rapidly narrowed to base, the latter con-
stricted for a slightly longer distance; proboscis distinctly longer, even slightly
longer than in karooanus, about 2-4 mm, though also shorter than vertical length
of eyes; some whitish postvertical spines present.

Wings also very faintly greyish yellowish, but apical half of costal cell, first
basal cell and faint borders along upper vein of latter cell, as well as along lower
vein of second basal cell and base of first posterior cell, distinctly tinted more
faintly yellowish; veins yellowish reddish, posterior ones pallid; venational
characters similar; halteres pallid, the outer upper parts of knobs brownish.

Legs as in the other two species, the hind femora comparatively shorter,
but slightly more thickened, their double row of spines below also from just
before middle; basal segment of hind tarsi also much longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with 7 darker, more brownish, and slightly more slender, spines on
a side.

Length of body: about 17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 15-3 mm

Distribution: South-western corner of Orange Free State near Orange

River: Rooipan (Herbert) (H. Munro, 24th March 1922).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) matetsiensis Beq.
Afroleptomydas matetsiensis Bequaert, 1963: 46, figs 4B and 10.

A yellowish reddish, not very densely-haired, species from Rhodesia, of
which the 3 was described in detail by Bequaert in 1963. To include the as yet
undescribed 9, the species is redescribed as follows:

Body and legs mainly yellowish reddish, the thorax above in ¢g and the
anterior and sternal part up to behind middle coxae however darkened more
brownish, as are also the dorsum of tergite 1 in both sexes, extreme sides of
tergites in Q, last tergite in 9, hind margins of sternites in 9, and to a variable
extent so medially in 3; antennal segments 1 and 2, basal part or half of segment
3, greater part of club, greater part of proboscis (excepting dark labella),
humeral tubercles, pteropleural part, and abdomen slightly paler, more

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 199

ochreous or orange; scutellum orange yellowish, the depression on its sides, as
well as bullae, shining black; hind margins of tergites 1-7 in both sexes broadly
and conspicuously pale yellowish, that of 1 in ¢ being narrower, less distinct,
and that of 8 in 3 sometimes also narrowly yellowish, with the pale yellow on 6
and 7 in 9 usually more extensive, extending basalwards to about or nearly
middle of the segments; hind margins of sternites 1-5 in ¢ also yellowish on sides,
dark in middle, and hind margins of all sternites in 2 usually darkened.

Integument of middle part of frons (entire frons in 9), clypeus, and in @
depressed base of tergite 2 and most of abdomen above and below, excepting
tergites 1-4 discally, shining; most of body above dull in g; pleurae in both
sexes mainly dulled by tomentum like abdomen in ¢.

Vestiture poorly developed in 9, the body almost bare, in j rather dense and
longish on head, broadly on sides of thorax above, in a submedial patch
anteriorly on thorax on each side (continued as streaks of finer, shorter and
sparser ones), at base of thorax, on metanotum, on posterior part of meta-
sternum, posterior metapleural part, tergite 1, especially sides, sides of 2, and
to a lesser extent sides of 3; all these hairs in g and those on head in 9 snow
whitish; fine hairs in streaks on thorax above in @ yellowish or fulvous, being
more whitish only on extreme sides of thorax; sparse ones on pleurae whitish;
fine hairs on abdomen in ¢ white; reversed hairs on last two abdominal seg-
ments in 2 brownish to blackish brownish; hairs on venter shortish; hairs on
legs in both sexes poorly developed, more so in 9, but denser on coxae in both
sexes, though longer in 3, whitish or greyish whitish in 3, more yellowish or
fulvous in Q; spines and spicules on legs yellowish; tomentum on head (where
present), on disc of thorax, metanotum, tergite 1, and entire pleurae greyish
whitish in 3, more yellowish or even brownish in Q.

Head with the antennae subequal in length to thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment I in 3 about 3 and in 9 about 2-3-2:-6 times, length of 2; segment 3
elongate, thickened apically, slightly shorter than club; the latter elongate-
pyriform to amphoriform, its apical fifth or less sharply conically narrowed to
apical protuberance, its base constricted; proboscis stoutish, longer than
anterior tarsi, its labella shortish, comparatively small, sharply pointed; palps
distinct, longer than antennal segment 2; some postvertical spines present.

Wings tinted very faintly yellowish in 3, more distinctly faintly yellowish
brownish in Q, especially along veins of which the fuscous borders render the
wings darker; veins reddish brownish; first posterior cell apically either broadly
opening on margin or touching very narrowly at a point; discoidal cell shortly
stalked apically; knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened in both sexes, more so in 3,
their double row of spines from near base.

Oviscape in 9 armed with 6-8 flattened, brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 rather sharply angular
posteriorly, their inner margins together forming almost a semicircle; sternite 9
narrowed and bluntly rounded apically, its surface slightly shallowly grooved

200 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

below, its processes undulating, curving downwards then upwards in side view,
nearly the apical half tapering to a sharp downwardly curved apex, in dorsal
view flattened, slightly broadly depressed, directed inwards, rather sharply
pointed apically.

From 2 g¢ and 2 99 (9 allotype and 9 paratype in the South African
Museum).

Length of body: about 14-19 mm
Length of wing: about 11-5-13-5 mm _

Distribution: Rhodesia: Matetsi (R. Stevenson, April 1934).

This species appears to be variable in the colour of the 9 and in the apical
width of the first posterior cell which in two specimens (¢ and 2) almost touch
the coastal margin at a point. One 9 also differs from the 9 allotype in having
the body darker, more dark reddish brownish or castaneous brownish and with
comparatively narrower yellowish hind margins of the tergites.

From the other Rhodesian species stevensoni (Beq.), dealt with below, this
species differs, apart from slight colour differences, in not having conspicuous,
discal patches of tomentum on tergites 3—5, in having only about apical half of
processes of sternite g slender, and sides of the sternite itself not distinctly
verruculous.

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) stevensoni (Beq.) n.comb.
Nomoneura stevensoni Bequaert, 1938: 343, figs 7-10.

Of this species I have seen only the unique ¢ holotype in the National
Museum of Rhodesia at Bulawayo and which Bequaert described so compre-
hensively in 1938. Unfortunately the antennae are missing in the specimen. The
character which induced Bequaert to refer it to the genus WNomoneura is
apparently the nature of its first posterior cell which at its apex only touches the
costal margin at a point. As Bezzi’s definition of Nomoneura is somewhat vague
and as he confused other genera with it, Bequaert at the time could not have
referred the specimen to any other genus. There is, however, no doubt that it
belongs to the genus Afroleptomydas and that the characteristic and peculiar
arrangement of the hairs on the head in front relegates it to the new subgenus
Crossoprosopus of that genus.

It is apparently very near the preceding species matetsiensis, from the ¢ of
which it differs in having the thorax above darker; the metanotum dark;
abdomen above with dark, discal, basal, greyish-bloomed patches on tergites
3-5; pale yellowish brownish legs of which the hind femora are scarcely or only
very faintly darkened on inner aspect; its rather narrow and more sunk in
interocular space on vertex which is comparatively narrower; its comparatively
shorter proboscis which is very much shorter than vertical length of eyes; its
only very faintly tinted yellowish brownish wings; the blunter posterior angles
of lobes of tergite 9; the minutely verruculous texture on sides of sternite 9
posteriorly; and the rather slender, apically more attenuated, and less curved
downwards, processes of latter sternite.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 201

Length of body: about 16-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11 mm
Distribution: Rhodesia: Bulawayo (October).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) capicolus n.sp.
Leptomydas paganus Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker) in part, 1924: 214. (n.syn.)

The 3 specimen from Cape Town which Bezzi referred to, and labelled as,
paganus Gerst. is obviously not the paganus s.str. from the eastern Cape (see under
paganus). It does not agree with Gerstaecker’s good description of the latter.
Moreover, the peculiar arrangement of the hairs on the head in front, places it at
once in the subgenus Crossoprosopus together with anuliventris, matetsiensis, stevensont
and other species. In fact, it resembles the two Rhodesian species —matetsiensis
and stevensoni—very closely, but differs from them in the following respects:

Body mainly dark above; clypeus darker than in matetsiensis, even slightly
darker castaneous brownish than in stevensoni; antennae with the basal segment
reddish brownish, and clubs mainly orange as in matetsiensis; proboscis dark
reddish brownish above, paler below; thorax above dark; dark scutellum dark
reddish brownish; humeral tubercles yellowish; sides of metanotum with some
obscure reddish on sides anteriorly; pleurae mainly blackish brownish, even
hypopleural and metasternal parts dark, not mainly yellowish as in mateisiensis ;
abdomen above with the foundation colour mainly dark, even darker than in
stevensoni, but sides of tergite 1 anteriorly, sides of 2 (especially posterior half)
and narrower, extreme sides of the rest contrastingly ochreous yellowish like
venter; hind margins of tergites 1-7 broadly and conspicuously ivory yellowish,
bordered on basal side with distinct orange; hind margins of sternites corre-
spondingly whitish; bullae dull blackish brownish, widely separated by a space
wider than vertical length of a bulla, but narrower than in matetsiensis; hypopy-
gial structures mainly yellowish, though last sternite (8) darkened; discal part
of tergite 2 and greater discal parts of 3-5, and basal parts of 6 and 7 (very
narrow) appearing dull blackish, more extensively so on sides than in stevensont,
and with brownish or slightly brownish golden bloom on these parts, the discal
part of tergite 2, apical parts of 3—5 (broader on sides), more than apical half
of 6, and almost entire 7 with greyish whitish bloom; legs mainly yellowish,
the front and middle coxae darkened and inner and outer apical two-thirds of
hind femora, and an cbscure streak along upper surface of the other femora
darkened.

Integument of body above (excluding shining central parts of frons, mid-
dorsum of clypeus and transverse depression across base of tergite 2) and pleurae
mainly dull, the latter also with fine greyish tomentum.

Vestiture with the hairs as long as and as dense and arranged as in matetsiensis
and stevenson, entirely snow whitish; hairs on sides of thorax above and in a
submedial anterior elongated patch on each side also dense and longish; sides
of tergite 3, as in stevensoni, without any longish hairs; shortish ones on abdomen
above distinctly less dense than in the other two species; hairs on legs apparently

202 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

a little denser than in stevensont, also entirely whitish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment
1 about 2-6 times length of 2, not thickened; segment 3 slender, with less than
its apical third thickened; club elongate, shaped as in matetszensis, a little longer
than segment 3; proboscis slender, less stout than in the other two species,
subequal in length to vertical length of eyes, but distinctly longer than in
stevensont, its labella smallish; palps distinct, yellowish, longer than antennal
segment 2; some yellowish postvertical spines present.

Wings slightly more subopaquely whitish and less distinctly tinted yellowish
than in the other two forms; veins yellowish reddish; first posterior cell broadly
open apically; apex of discoidal cell stalked; knobs of halteres darkened above.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened, their double
row of spines below yellowish; basal segment of hind tarsi rather long, longer
than claw-segment.

Hypopygium very much like that of stevensoni; sternite 9, however, longer,
more compressed apically, with a more pronounced keel apically below, the
lateral apical parts not verruculous, not longitudinally wrinkled, its processes
(text-fig. 6, bottom middle) similar to those of stevensonz, but the slender part —
(side view) longer, less sharply pointed apically, in dorsal view slightly broader,
apparently less deeply grooved above.

Holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm
Distribution: Cape: Cape Town (without any other particulars).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) tuliensis n.sp.

Another species from Rhodesia, with reddish sides to the thorax, which
resembles stevensont very closely and may almost be considered as only repre-
senting an autumn variety of the latter. It is, however, characterized and
different from stevensoni in the following respects:

Body mainly dark, the abdomen much darker, mainly very dark brown to
blackish brown, not mainly yellowish brownish as in stevensont; antennae mainly
black, the thickened part of more than apical half of clubs, however, orange;
humeral tubercles, a large infusion around latter, and also sides of thorax up to
wing-bases yellowish or yellowish reddish (in stevensoni not sides of thorax) ;
postalar calli and greater part of scutellum also reddish brownish or yellowish
brownish as in stevensoni; sides of metanotum to a variable extent reddish
brownish, black in latter species; posterior metapleural part and metasternal
part not yellowish as in stevensoni; sides of tergite 1 as in latter yellowish basally
and apically, but rest of abdomen not yellowish or paler along extreme sides;
hind margin of tergite 1 darker and those of 2-7 comparatively broader yellowish,
whitish, even broader and more conspicuous across 5—7; bullae also black, but
usually with some reddish in middle; venter darker, with more conspicuous and
broader whitish hind margins; hypopygium darker, more brownish or reddish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 203

brownish than yellowish brownish; legs on the whole more brownish than
yellowish, the femora appearing darker above and hind ones distinctly much
darker or more extensively brownish or dark brownish above and on sides or,
excepting paler base, almost entirely brownish; hind tibiae much darker or even
mainly brownish, the claw-segment of all the tarsi darker or blackish.

Integument as in stevenson, the middle part of frons, dorsum of clypeus,
proboscis and head below shining; pleurae, especially anterior half, on the
whole, however, more shining and with less bloom; disc of tergite 2 and discal,
saddle-shaped, dull blackish patches on at least basal halves of 3—5 also present,
but less evident, due to darker colour of abdomen.

Vestiture with the hairs as dense and as long as in stevenson, but apparently
slightly denser on thorax above; the longer ones on head, sides of thorax, pleurae
metanotum, and on tergites 1 and 2 also mainly whitish, though discal ones on
thorax more whitish than in stevensoni; short hairs on rest of abdomen slightly
longer and with a slightly more sericeous yellowish sheen; hairs on coxae and
legs slightly longer and denser, especially on coxae, with some distinctly longer
ones basally on hind femora, and all these hairs on legs whitish; spines and
spicules on legs pallid or whitish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex comparatively broader, much
broader than length of frons from vertex to antennal bases (about subequal in
stevenson.) ; antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 not
much thickened, about 2-3 to nearly 3 times length of 2; segment 3 long,
slender, its apical part only very slightly thickened, distinctly longer than club;
latter elongate, thickest beyond middle, gradually narrowed to base, the latter
constricted for a short distance, the apical part conically narrowed from a slight
girdling ring-like ridge to apical tubercle; proboscis shortish, but distinctly
longer than in stevensoni, about 2:12-2:44 mm (only about 1-56 mm in steven-
sont), shorter than vertical length of eyes, also without any longish hairs basally
below; palps short, but longer than in stevensoni; a few whitish postvertical
bristly spines present.

Wings greyish hyaline, without the very faint suggestion of a yellowish tint
evident in stevensoni; veins on the whole darker, more brownish; second sub-
marginal cell comparatively broader apically; first posterior cell tending to be
relatively more broadly open apically; discoidal cell shortly stalked; knobs of
halteres darker above than in stevensont.

Legs with the hind femora comparatively slightly longer, but also distinctly
thickened, their double row of spines below from near base; hind tibiae com-
paratively longer, but also with whitish spicules on tubercles; basal segment of
hind tarsi also much longer than claw-segment.

Aypopygium differs from that of stevensont in having the lobes of tergite 9
less sharply pointed apically; sternite 9 distinctly much longer, more produced,
also conically narrowed apically, apparently more coarsely wrinkled, its pro-
cesses, In side view (text-fig. 6, middle right), with the slender part distinctly
shorter, and in dorsal view slightly broader, more rapidly attenuated apically,

204. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

aedeagal part below phallic tubes comparatively stouter.
From 3 gd (holotype and 1 paratype in the National Museum of Rhodesia
at Bulawayo, and 1 paratype in the South African Museum).
Length of body: about 17-18 mm
Length of wing: about 12-12-5 mm
Distribution: Rhodesia: Tuli on the Shashi River (B.S.A.P., and—14th May,

1959).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) junodi Beq.
Afroleptomydas junodi Bequaert, 1963: 34, figs 4C, 6(1), 8B and 9g.

This south-east African species was described by Bequaert from 2 gd
collected by Junod. It is not represented in the collections before me. From the
description it appears to be entirely different from the other species znhacae,
also from Portuguese East Africa, but which belongs to the paganus section and
not to the subgenus Crossoprosopus.

From Bequaert’s comprehensive description it is quite evident that this
species is referable to the above mentioned new subgenus. It is apparently
characterized by the chestnut brownish body and legs; the yellowish hind
margins of the tergites; the delimited, antero-median, semicircular areas of
dense golden gleaming pruinosity on tergites 2-6; the chestnut brownish venter,
without yellowish hind margins across sternites; the relatively shortish antennae
of which the clubs are elongate, conical, apically pointed and attenuated, and
distinctly longer than segment 3; the shortish proboscis; the faintly tinged and
relatively shortish wings; the comparatively shortish and sparse vestiture which
is longish only on head, sides of thorax and on two basal tergites; the rather long
and slender processes (side view) of sternite 9; shortish phallic tubes; and the
comparatively long dorsal epimere which is apparently longer than in most of
the known species.

From the ¢ of matetsiensis Beq., which is also mainly pale or light reddish to
pale yellowish reddish, it appears to differ in being more chestnut or castaneous
brownish, with more brownish bullae, tergite 1 not mainly dark, absence of
yellowish whitish hind margins on sternites, distinctly much shorter proboscis,
sparser and shorter vestiture, more distinct and delimited discal antero-medial
patches of golden gleaming tomentum on tergites 2-6, the distinctly less
thickened hind femora of which the base is more slender, the not S-curved
processes of sternite 9, relatively shorter phallic tubes, and, relative to these,
much longer epimere.

Length of body: about 16 mm
Length of wing: about 10 mm

Distribution: Portuguese East Africa: Lourengco Marques (H. Junod,

January—March 1914).

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 205

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) mauricei Beq.
Afroleptomydas mauricet Bequaert, 1963: 15, fig. 4. A.

This species described by Bequaert from a ¢ and 2 QQ, collected by J.
Maurice at Ghanzi in Botswana (Bechuanaland), is represented by a long series
of gg and 99 from the Kalahari in the Transvaal Museum. From Bequaert’s
description of the arrangement of the hairs on the head in front, it belongs to the
new subgenus Crossoprosopus of which it is here designated as the type-species.

There is no doubt that this species is variable, occurring in distinct colour
forms, and the §¢ differ markedly from the 99. As the §¢ agree in nearly all
respects with the ¢ described by Bequaert and as all of them have a distinct
shoe-horn-shaped epimere, the absence of this structure, mentioned by Bequaert
in the case of his single § specimen, is probably due to mutilation and has either
been broken off or worn off.

This species resembles both stevensoni and tuliensis.

To incorporate the numerous g¢ and 992 a supplementary redescription
of this species is as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the abdomen in ¢ with much brownish,
yellowish brownish, reddish brown to dark castaneous- or reddish brownish,
in 2 mainly very dark or black, but sometimes very dark toffee-brownish to
even paler yellowish brownish; sides of vertex in 2 sometimes dark piceous
reddish or blackish red; antennae reddish brownish, blackish brown to black,
the clubs in middle parts to a variable extent usually orange yellowish, orange
brownish, to dark reddish; clypeus in ¢ yellowish, yellowish brownish to
castaneous brownish to a variable extent, the dorsum and lower sides often
darkened in 9, more consistently dark reddish brownish, castaneous brownish
to dark piceous reddish; proboscis yellowish reddish, reddish brownish to dark
reddish below; humeral tubercles and postalar calli in both sexes, and hind
border of scutellum in some 3, yellowish, but humeral tubercles often darkened
to a variable extent in some specimens, especially §3; posterior metapleural
part behind and below halteres often yellowish or obscurely yellowish to a
variable extent; sides basally and to a lesser and variable extent apically of
tergite 1, sides of 2 to a variable extent in both sexes, either extensively so to
surround bullae, or only along extreme sides, and also along extreme sides of 3-5
(or even 6 and 7) to a variable extent in J yellowish or at least much paler than
dorsum, and with the sides of these tergites in 2 usually black, but occasionally
with extreme sides of 2 and 3, or even 2-6, narrowly also yellowish to a variable
extent; hind margins of tergites 1-7 in both sexes prominently ring-like and
conspicuously yellowish whitish to yellowish, usually slightly broader in 9, but
in g form from Gemsbok Pan with that of tergite 1 darkened or more brownish
and with those of 6 and 7 usually narrower than even in typical Damara Pan
form and evident only discally; hind margins of tergites in some 99 from Gems-
bok Pan usually not conspicuously yellowish, but duller or more often more
brownish or even reddish; bullae shining black, usually smaller in 9, and in both
sexes usually with some distinct pit-like depressions, more often 4 or more,

206 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

behind anterior ridge-like margin; venter pale yellowish brownish to pale
brownish in g, dark or very dark blackish brown to even black in 9; hind
margins of sternites 2—7 in typical ¢ also conspicuously and broadly yellowish
whitish, usually slightly duller or interrupted along middle, and in ¢¢ from
Gemsbok Pan more obscure and confined to extreme sides on last two or three
sternites; legs in § mainly pale yellowish brownish, the coxae darker brownish,
the legs in 9 darker, more brownish, castaneous brownish to dark brown, the
upper surfaces of femora, especially hind ones, darkened to a variable extent
in both sexes, the basal parts of hind femora and tibiae usually paler, more
yellowish, and claw-segment of tarsi darkened above.

Integument of middle part of frons and dorsum of clypeus and head below in
g, and in 2 almost entire head in front excepting tomentum on sides, shining
and polished; proboscis shining; scutellum in both sexes shining; disc of thorax
dull, but with the sides, two broadish submedial streaks and a narrow central
one dulled by slightly greyish yellowish tomentum, more evident and sometimes
more golden in 9; pleurae only obscurely shining, dulled by greyish tomentum;
abdomen in 9 highly shining and polished, only tergite 1 discally and to a much
lesser extent 2 basally dulled by greyish yellowish to brownish tomentum, in ¢
abdomen mainly dulled by a slightly greyish yellowish to greyish whitish
tomentum which discally on tergite 2 and on more than basal halves, or at
least basal halves, of 3—5 and basally on 6, are replaced by tomentum which
in certain lights appears as saddle-shaped, discal, black patches, but sides of
abdomen basally and the ring-like hind margins however shining; venter in 9
shining and in J also so in at least basal half; last four segments in 9 transversely
wrinkled, more coarsely so on last two.

Vestiture with the hairs fairly dense and longish in 3 on head, thorax,
especially sides and basally, on metanotum, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2 and sides
of 3, base of venter and on coxae, the vestiture in 9 very much shorter and
sparser, being almost absent from tergites 3-6 and on venter; longish hairs on
the parts mentioned mainly snow whitish in both sexes; hairs on thorax above
arranged in 5 streaks along the streaks of greyish or greyish yellowish tomentum,
the shorter ones along broadish submedial and narrow central streaks discally
tinted slightly more sericeous yellowish to yellowish in 3, but deeper yellowish
or even subfulvous in 9; short decumbent separated ones in punctures on abdo-
men in ¢ sericeous whitish to sericeous yellowish; reversed ones on last two
abdominal segments in ° relatively sparse, dark or brownish; hairs on venter
in ¢ whitish basally, becoming slightly more sericeous yellowish apically; hairs
on legs relatively shortish, even shorter and sparser in 9, but those below front
and middle femora in ¢ fairly dense and longer than rest, and all these hairs
whitish; spines and spicules on legs whitish or pallid.

Head with the antennae more often longer than thorax (excluding scutel-
lum), but sometimes as long as or even a little shorter; segment 1 not or scarcely
thickened, sometimes slightly shorter in 9, about 2-3-2-6 times length of 2;
segment 3 elongate, more than 3 times combined length of 1 and 2, usually a

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 207

little longer than club, but sometimes subequal in length to or even very
slightly shorter in some 99, and less than its apical third thickened; club elon-
gate, amphoriform, broadest beyond middle, its apical part rapidly conically
narrowed, its base slightly constricted; proboscis either shorter than or longer
than vertical length of eyes, about 2-2-8 mm long, sometimes with some longish
hairs basally below in 3; palps distinct, usually longer in 3, but even in 2 a
little longer than antennal segment 2 or at least as long; postvertical spines
present, whitish, more perceptible in 9.

Wings in 3 very faintly, but distinctly, though sometimes scarcely per-
ceptibly, tinted yellowish or greyish yellowish, sometimes slightly more so along
veins, in 2 more infuscated, either uniformly yellowish brownish to brownish or,
as in one form, with distinct, conspicuous and consistent clear or clearer areas at
base of first basal cell, in front of appendix in first submarginal cell, and along
middle of all the cells in hinder half, including second submarginal; veins
brownish or reddish brownish, usually darker in hinder half; first posterior cell
either fairly widely open apically, or narrowly opening, or sometimes even
angularly subtending, on costal margin; base of second submarginal cell of
variable width, sometimes even angular, and its appendix also of variable
length; discoidal cell usually distinctly stalked apically, sometimes rather longly
so; knobs of halteres brownish to dark brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, less so in 9, subclavate,
their double row of pallid spines below from near base, in some specimens or
forms tending to be less numerous and farther spaced; spicules on hind tibiae,
especially below, situated on small granules; basal segment of hind tarsi usually
distinctly longer than claw-segment; claws in 3g longer and even strongly
developed.

Oviscape in 2 with from 7-10, usually 8 or 9, yellowish brownish to dark
brownish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 triangular, rather sharply angu-
lar or subangular apically; sternite 9 rather inflated, bluntly conical, bluntly
rounded apically, appearing truncate or subtruncate apically in side view,
grooved or sulcate vertically below apically, the surface transversely wrinkled
basally below and obliquely longitudinally on sides to a variable extent, its
processes, in side view, S-curved, the slender part rather long, gradually
narrowed to apex, curved upwards apically, but extreme apex bent downwards,
in dorsal view broadish, directed inwards, gradually narrowed apically and
apex sharply pointed, slightly depressed above, grooved or furrowed below
along inner side; epimere of aedeagal apparatus shoe-horn-shaped, narrowish,
only slightly widened apically, quite twice length of phallic tubes.

From 51 gg and 36 99 in the Transvaal Museum and the South African
Museum.

Length of body: about 12-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 8-14 mm
Distribution: Kalahari in Botswana (Bechuanaland) : Damara Pan (Vernay-

208 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Lang Kalahari Expedition, 15th—-21st April 1930); Kaotwe (Vernay-Lang
Kalahari Expedition, 8th—-1gth April 1930); Gemsbok Pan (Vernay-Lang
Kalahari Expedition, 23rd April-May 1930).

As indicated in the description this species is distinctly variable, represented
by the following forms:

(1) A form from Kaotwe and Damara Pan in which both the 3 and 9 have
conspicuous yellowish hind margins on tergites I-7, consistent yellowish humeral
tubercles, and distinct clear or clearer areas in cells in hinder halves of wings
in Q. :

(2) A Gemsbok Pan form in which the hind margin of tergite 1 in ¢ is
darker, duller or more brownish, and yellowish hind margins of 6 and 7
narrower, obscure or present only discally, the hind margins of tergites in 9
usually darker, more brownish or reddish, the humeral tubercles darkened to a
variable extent or entirely dark, and wings in 9 uniformly infuscated, without
distinct clearer areas in cells.

(3) A slight transitional form, also from Gemsbok Pan and from Ghanzi,
in which the @ has distinct yellowish hind margins to tergites, but uniformly
infuscated wings, and dark humeral tubercles.

(4) Another slight transitional form, also from Gemsbok Pan, in which the
2 has darkened tergal hind margins, but slightly clearer areas in cells in wings,
and darkish humeral tubercles.

The distribution of these slightly different forms are in agreement with the
phenomenon of marked localization of species and varieties of the family in
South Africa. The two localities, Kaotwe and Damara Pan, which are not very
far apart, constitute an area of the distribution of one form, but nearly 70 miles
to the north-west at Gemsbok Pan, with a slightly different type of environment,
the Damara Pan form still occurs, but is being replaced by varietal forms of
which one, the numerically preponderant one (No. 2), may be looked upon as
an incipient species which will eventually replace the other less common
transitional forms and evolve into a species distinct from that of Damara Pan.

From the 3 of the more northern species stevensoni, from Rhodesia, which it
also closely resembles, the 3 of mauricei may at once be distinguished by the
much longer proboscis, comparatively broader interocular space, absence of
extensive reddish around humeral tubercles and anterior lateral part of thorax
above, relatively broader and more conspicuous hind margins of tergites 3-6,
longer hairs on sides of tergite 3, slightly longer processes of sternite 9, and
distinctly larger, more inflated sternite 9.

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) kaokoensis n.sp.

Two somewhat damaged 9° specimens from the Kaokoveld in the Transvaal
Museum appear to represent the Kalahari species mauricei in the north-western
part of South West Africa. They are without doubt very near mauricei, agreeing
and differing from 99 of the latter, especially the form from Gemsbok Pan
(No. 3), in the following respects:

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 209

Body with the abdomen less elongate, proportionally broader; the body
similarly coloured; clypeus however much darker, very dark blackish brown to
black; yellowish brownish infusion around the pale yellowish brownish humeral
tubercles distinctly more extensive; posterior metapleural part below halteres
entirely dark or black like rest of pleurae; sides of tergite 1 more reddish
brownish only across base and sometimes extreme sides; hind margins of
tergites comparatively more narrowly yellowish, tending to be narrower and
duller discally than on sides, and that of tergite 7 sometimes wider than in
mauricet; bullae slightly narrower or smaller, sometimes more brownish across
posterior part; venter distinctly darker, as dark as abdomen above, the hind
margins of sternites more conspicuously yellowish, especially up to sternite 5,
scarcely or more narrowly darkened in middle (very broadly so in mauricet) ;
legs with the femora on the whole tending to be slightly darker brownish.

Integument with the same parts shining, though tergites 1 and 2 tend to be
very slightly duller discally; last two abdominal segments distinctly more feebly
and more shallowly transversely wrinkled, tergite 6 scarcely or not wrinkled at
all (in maurice: 6, and also 5 to a certain extent, usually also wrinkled).

Vestiture with the hairs and tomentum developed to the same extent, as short
and sparse, also mainly whitish; minute ones on disc of thorax also more
yellowish brownish; shortish hairs on sides basally of tergite 1 even shorter than
in mauricei, not whitish, but more yellowish, yellowish brownish to brownish
like rest of minute ones discally on 1 and 2; reversed hairs on last two abdominal
segments sparser and slightly shorter, but also dark.

Head with the antennae very much shorter, though slightly longer than
thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3
proportionally shorter than in mauricei, though also subequal in length to club;
the latter similarly shaped, but shorter; proboscis distinctly very much shorter
than in mauricei, very much shorter than vertical length of eyes, only about
I-32-1-6 mm (2-2-8 mm in mauricet).

Wings uniformly tinted or infuscated yellowish brownish to brownish,
without any clearer areas in cells in hinder half, more like the ‘Gemsbok Pan
form’ of mauricei; venational characters similar.

Legs with the hind femora thickened to the same extent, their double row
of spines below whitish; hind tibiae slightly more curved near apex.

Oviscape with some of the brownish spines missing in the specimens, but
apparently with about 7 or 8 on a side.

Length of body: about 13 mm
Length of wing: about 9-5-10 mm

Distribution: South West Africa: Franzfontein in the Kaokoveld (C. Koch,

16th May 1948).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) orangiae n.sp.

A single 3 specimen from the Orange Free State, with its antennae unfor-
tunately missing, constitutes one of the only two known species of mydaids from

210 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

that Province. Superficially it resembles the three species capzcolus, stevensoni
and mauricei, but appears to be nearer capicolus. From the latter it differs in
having the clypeus comparatively smaller and even darker; the metanotum
entirely black; abdomen above also very dark blackish brownish or dark
castaneous brownish, but paler, more yellowish on extreme sides, less contrast-
ingly yellowish, and sides of tergite 2 more extensively darkened, the tergites 3-6
discally with similar dull blackish patches on at least basal halves and with the
same golden shining bloom in certain lights; hind margin of tergite 1 much
narrower yellowish, and those of 2—7 also distinctly narrower yellowish whitish,
their basal margins scarcely, or not, bordered with distinct orange yellowish;
venter and hypopygium more yellowish than ochreous yellowish; the vestiture
very similar, mainly snow whitish; the wings tinted very slightly more yellowish
than sub-opaquely whitish, the veins darker brownish; proboscis comparatively
shorter, only about 2 mm long (about 2-4 mm in capicolus) ; the lobes of tergite 9
more sharply angular apically; sternite g distinctly less compressed towards
apex, without a keel in apical half below, its processes, in side view (text-fig. 6,
bottom right), with a comparatively shorter slender part, relatively narrower
in dorsal view, with sharper points, and not so distinctly bent outwards apically.

From stevenson it may at once be distinguished by the dark and slightly
shorter clypeus; broader interocular space on vertex; longer and more slender
proboscis; less extensive yellowish reddish around humeral tubercles; posterior
black, not yellowish, metapleural part; much darker abdomen above, the
blackish patches slightly more extensive on sides of tergites; fine hairs on abdo-
men distinctly less dense; less thickened hind femora; more sharply angular
apices of lobes of tergite 9; the processes of sternite 9, in side view, more rapidly
narrowed to apex, appearing less slender, and the sternite itself distinctly longer;
and epimere of aedeagal apparatus slightly broader apically.

From the ¢ of mauricez it may also be distinguished by the much darker and
shorter clypeus; darker abdomen above, with comparatively narrower ivory
yellowish hind margins, especially across tergites 3-5; distinctly sparser short
hairs on abdomen, and with fewer or scarcely any long hairs on sides of tergite
3; no puncture-like depressions in bullae; and less slender and comparatively
shorter processes of sternite 9.

Holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 14mm
Length of wing: about 10 mm

Distribution: Orange Free State: Bothaville (A. Roberts).

This 3, coming from more or less the same geographical areas as the 9 of
campsomeroides, cannot represent the ¢ of the latter. It apparently has too few
structural characters in common with this 9. Its unknown 2 would more likely
resemble that of mauricez.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PFW A

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) vansoni n.sp.

This other species from the Kalahari, which I am naming after the ento-
mologist, the late Dr. G. van Son of the Transvaal Museum, who was a member
of the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition in 1930, differs from all the other
described species of this subgenus in the rather longish vestiture and dense
greyish yellowish or creamy yellowish hairs on the thorax above. It is charac-
terized as follows:

Body mainly dark castaneous brownish, the frons, thorax above, pleurae,
and in 2 abdomen, slightly darker, and discal part of tergite 2, more than discal
halves of 3-5 and bases of 6 and 7 in g saddle-shaped and also appearing very
dark and blackish; antennae mainly yellowish brownish, brownish to dark
brownish, greater part of clubs however more orange yellowish; clypeus, head
below, and greater part of proboscis, excepting its dark labella, pale yellowish
brownish to reddish brownish; humeral tubercles yellowish; an infusion around
latter, the notopleural fold, extreme sides of thorax above to a variable extent,
postalar calli, base of thorax sometimes, greater part of scutellum (excepting
dark discal part), sides of metanotum sometimes, more often part of ptero-
pleuron, metapleural part in front of halteres, and posterior metapleural part
behind and below halteres reddish brownish; sides basally of tergite 1 and to a
variable extent narrowish sides of 2-5 yellowish; hind margins of tergites 1-7
in both sexes conspicuously ring-like yellowish whitish, narrowed on sides in 3,
then broadened again in posterior lateral corners, those of 2-4 (or 5) in ¢
usually broader than rest and that across 7 in 2 much broadened, halfmoon-
shaped and present only discally; last tergite in 9 yellowish reddish apically
above; bullae black, but more often reddish or reddish brownish in hinder part
or half; venter in 3 pale yellowish brownish, usually darkened beyond sternite
5 or in apical part, entirely dark in 9; sternites 1-7 in § and 1-6 in 9 yellowish
whitish, but broadly darkened in middle; hypopygial structures mainly pale
yellowish brownish, the processes of sternite 9 more yellowish reddish; oviscape
yellowish reddish; legs mainly pale yellowish brownish, the hind femora in
apical half slightly darker, more brownish on upper and outer parts.

Integument of vertex in front and middle part of frons, clypeus above, pro-
boscis, head below, and area around humeral tubercles shining; thorax above,
metanotum and pleurae mainly dulled by greyish tomentum, the thorax above
with the usual 5 streaks of greyish bloom; abdomen in 2 mainly shining, but
discal parts of tergites 2-4 slightly duller, due to fine dark bloom which, in
certain lights, appear coppery reddish, the last three segments transversely
wrinkled; abdomen in 3, excepting sides of tergites 1 and 2 and extreme sides
of 3-5 or more and certain shiny spots on sides basally of 3-6, mainly dulled by
greyish tomentum which on the saddle-shaped darker or more blackish discal
parts appear dark, but gleam coppery reddish in certain lights; venter more or
less shining in both sexes and transversely wrinkled to a variable extent, more
so posteriorly.

Vestiture rather long and dense in both sexes, appearing longer and denser

212 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

than in some of the other species, more like that of tulzensis, slightly longer and
denser in ¢ than in Q, the hairs in streaks on thorax above rather dense, those
on sides of metanotum, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2 and sides basally of 3, and even
4, in g long and very dense, almost villose; hairs on thorax above and, in 4,
to a lesser extent also on vertex distinctly dull greyish yellowish to creamy
yellowish, not whitish as in most other species; hairs on head in front and below
snow whitish, and those on pleurae, metanotum, tergites 1-3, and coxae also
whitish; shorter ones on abdomen above and slightly longer ones on venter in
$ gleaming more sericeous yellowish; reversed hairs on last two abdominal
segments in 9 rather sparse and brownish; hairs on legs denser and longer in
g, mainly whitish in both sexes; spines and spicules on legs whitish.

Head with the antennae usually a little shorter than thorax (excluding
scutellum), but sometimes in 3 subequal in length to it; segment 1 only very
slightly thickened, about 2-15-2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate,
distinctly longer than club, with a little less than its apical third thickened; club
elongate-pyriform, thickest beyond middle, slightly constricted basally, sub-
truncate towards apex before ending in apical prominence; proboscis markedly
short, stoutish, projecting only a little beyond buccal cavity, only about 1-36—
1-6 mm and much shorter than vertical length of eyes, its labella ovate; palps
distinct, small, at least as long as antennal segment 2; some whitish postvertical
spines present.

Wings in ¢ distinctly faintly tinted yellowish, darker and more yellowish
brownish in 9 and more so along veins in middle part; veins yellowish brownish,
darker in hinder half, the basal parts, costal and first veins yellowish; first posterior
cell relatively broad, broadly open; apex of discoidal cell stalked; apex of first
submarginal cell closed in one ¢ (holotype), but apparently not a consistent
character; halteres and knobs pale yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened in both sexes, their double
row of spines below from just before middle; hind tibiae rather stoutish; basal
segment of hind tarsi in 3 subequal in length to, slightly shorter, or a little
longer than, claw-segment, in 9 distinctly longer than claw-segment.

Genital segment of 2 with the last vertical sclerite almost smooth, not rugose,
with setiferous punctures only.

Oviscape with about 7 yellowish brownish, slender spines on one side and 6
on the other.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite g angularly pointed apically;
sternite 9 conical, conically pointed, transversely wrinkled basally below, and
obliquely longitudinally so on sides to a variable extent, its processes, in side
view (text-fig. 6, top right), slightly S-curved, gradually narrowed to apex, the
extreme apex slightly bent downwards, in dorsal view shallowly grooved along
inner side, fairly sharply pointed apically, the apices slightly divergent; shoe-
horn-shaped epimere of aedeagal apparatus narrowish and only slightly
broadened apically.

From 5 gd and 1 2 (gd holotype, 2 allotype and 3 ¢ paratypes in the Trans-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 213

vaal Museum, and 1 ¢ paratype in the South African Museum).
Length of body: about 13-5-15 mm (stretched —16 mm)
Length of wing: about 9-5-12 mm
Distribution: Botswana (Bechuanaland) Lake N’Gami region: Maun
(Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, 18/5—7/6/1930) (¢ holotype, 9 allotype,
and 2 <Q paratypes); N’Gami (Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition,
11—16/5/1930) (2 5 paratypes).

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) subclausus (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas subclausus Bezzi, 19245: 216.

Bezzi referred two somewhat damaged @ specimens, one without any
locality-label and the other from Spektakel in Namaqualand, to this species,
but he was doubtful as to the inclusion of the Namaqualand specimen in this
species. In this he was correct for there is no doubt that the latter specimen
belongs to an entirely different species which I have described elsewhere in
this revision as Afroleptomydas latipennis. The species subclausus is therefore
restricted to the single type specimen without locality-label, and without doubt
belongs to the new subgenus Crossoprosopus. It is characterized as follows:

Body with the head, thorax above, discal apical and middle parts of
metanotum, and to a variable extent pleurae, dark or black; antennal segments
1 and 2 (rest missing in specimen), clypeus, and proboscis below, reddish
brownish; humeral tubercles, broadish sides of thorax, and two submedial
discal posteriorly-abbreviated streaks above, area below wing-bases, sides and
discal part basally of metanotum, small area around base of halteres, and
extreme sides basally of tergite 1, pale yellowish reddish; most of pleurae dark
to dark reddish brownish or blackish brownish, with more reddish along sutures
and across hinder part of metasternum; abdomen mainly reddish brownish,
more or less shining, the hinder half of tergite 1 yellowish, with the hind margins
of 2-5 broadly bone yellowish, and at least apical halves of 6 and 7 also bone
yellowish; bullae blackish; venter paler, more yellowish than abdomen above,
the hind margins of sternites, especially on sides, also very broadly yellowish
whitish; legs mainly yellowish, the coxae more brownish, and apical upper part
of hind femora also darkened.

Vestiture with the hairs relatively poorly developed, the middle segments of
abdomen above almost bare, only those on head longish, and those on sides of
thorax above, sides of metanotum, and tergites 1 and 2 shorter, but still distinct,
and with all these hairs whitish; reversed ones on last two abdominal segments
brownish; hairs on legs shortish, relatively sparse, gleaming pale sericeous
yellowish; tomentum on head (where present) and on entire pleurae greyish;
spines and spicules on legs very pale yellowish.

Head with antennal segment 1 about, or nearly, twice length of 2; proboscis
shortish; palps rather well developed, quite as long as antennal segment 2, two-
segmented, the apical segment small; /postvertical spines not evident in specimen.

Wings rather elongate, distinctly tinted yellowish throughout; veins

214 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

reddish; knobs of halteres dark brownish or reddish brownish above.
Legs with the hind femora only a little thickened; basal segment of hind
tarsi elongate, longer than the rather elongate claw-segment.
Oviscape with about 7 yellowish reddish spines on a side.
Holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 16 mm
Length of wing: about 13 mm
Distribution: No locality label, but probably from western or north-western
Cape.

Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) rudebecki (Beq.) n.comb.
Leptomydas rudebecki Bequaert, 1959: 367, figs 10-11.

This species which Bequaert described under Leptomydas from a single,
rather large, g specimen from the Kaokoveld in South West Africa, is not
represented in the collections before me. Judging from the description of the
vestiture of the head in front and other characters, which Professor Per Brinck
of the University of Lund very kindly verified from the holotype specimen,
the species also belongs to the new subgenus Crossoprosopus.

Bequaert has given a long and comprehensive description of this g speci-
men. Two rather important features appear to distinguish it from all the known
33 of the other species assigned to this subgenus. These are the rather marked
and conspicuous transverse annulation of the hind femora and tibiae, and the
presence of much shorter and feebler spicules on hind tibiae. Another character
which appears to separate it from the other 3.5 dealt with is the extensive orange
or orange yellowish on thorax above, the infusion surrounding the pale humeral
tubercles, and sides of thorax above being broadly and conspicuously orange
yellowish or orange reddish, a character present in none of the 33 of the other
species except in stevensont and tuliensis where the sides are more obscurely
reddish, but in both these the scutellum is much paler, the hind femora pro-
portionally more thickened, and without conspicuous transverse annulation,
and hind tibiae also without conspicuous transverse annulation, and with much
longer and stronger spicules. Moreover, in stevensoni the proboscis is very much
shorter and in ¢ulzensis the abdomen is very much darker, and both species are
smaller.

Holotype in the Zoological Institute of the University of Lund.
Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 13-3 mm

Distribution: Kaokoveld in South West Africa: Anabib (Orupembe) 100 m

west of Ohopoho (Lund University Expedition, June 1951).

OREOMYDAS n.gen.
Leptomydas Bezzi (nec Gerstaecker), 19245: 204. (n.syn.)
This new genus is erected to accommodate the single montane species
Leptomydas luctuosus described by Bezzi from Matroosberg in the Ceres division

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 215

of the Western Cape and which he referred to a distinct group of Leptomydas
at the time. Despite the great range of specific variation in the South African
genus Afroleptomydas (olim Leptomydas) certain characters of the species luctuosus,
which distinguish it from the various other species referred to the two distinct
groups and the separate new subgenus Crossoprosopus, suggest the erection of a
new genus to contain it. The following combination of characters, as based on
the species luctuosus, distinguish this new genus from the numerous species of
Afroleptomydas and its new subgenus Crossoprosopus :

Body markedly bare, the vestiture, even in 3, sparse and not dense and long
on thorax above, pleurae, metanotum, and legs, with only the hairs on head in
both sexes, and on tergite 1 and sides of 2 and 3 in J, being a little longish and
longer than rest of hairs; pteropleuron, which is hairy in all the species of
Afroleptomydas, is entirely bare.

Integument in both sexes mainly dull, covered with tomentum, with only
the ocellar ridge, clypeus, proboscis, middle part of head below shining; thorax,
scutellum, metanotum, pleurae in both sexes, entire abdomen above in 4,
at least tergites 1-3 and base of 4 in Q, and the legs in both sexes being dulled,
either dull leathery, or covered with tomentum to a variable extent, only the
posterior half or part of abdomen above in 9 and venter in both sexes more or
less shining or subshining.

Head with the frontal and facial parts markedly narrow, distinctly narrower
than even in species of Afroleptomydas with narrowish facial part; the interocular
space on vertex being distinctly much narrower than axial length of eyes (along
middle at level of antennae) plus part of occiput behind them, and only a little
broader than interocular space below at narrowest part; the inner margins of
eyes markedly convergent towards vertex; vertex itself rather deeply sunk in in
middle; antennae (cf. text-fig. 8, left) comparatively short, with the apical
sensory area of clubs much smaller than in Afroleptomydas, reduced, more termi-
nal, appearing sunk in, not conical or rapidly narrowing to terminal protuber-
ance as in latter genus.

Wings as in Afroleptomydas, with the same venational characters.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly much thickened, subspindle-shaped,
much like those of the westermanni group, also armed below with a double row
of spines; spicules on hind tibiae, other than apical spurs, feeble, scarcely
evident, or very short, even in 9.

Genital segments of 2 with the sclerites (oviscape), bearing the crown of
spines on each side, distinctly more lobe-like, broadened more lobe-like in
middle and relatively shorter; opening below last vertical genital tergite much
smaller, narrower, and the pair of lobes in it very much smaller (in 92 of
Afroleptomydas the oviscape-lobes are more elongate, subspindle-shaped, and
relative to length, narrower, and opening below last vertical tergite very broad,
triangular, and containing large lobes).

Hypopygium of 3 (cf. text-fig. 8, right) with the preceding tergite (8) and
sternite (8) rather short, the former hidden under tergite 7; anal lobes, in the

216 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

middle above genital structures, much smaller, markedly narrowish, pointed
apically; sternite 9 not conical or conically produced, more rounded, medially
slightly grooved, its processes, in side view, straighter, to a certain extent
resembling those of the subgenus Crossoprosopus, in dorsal view comparatively
broadish, depressed above and bluntly rounded apically; aedeagal apparatus
similarly three-pronged, but comparatively shorter, the central dorsal epimere
comparatively much shorter, more bluntly rounded, not so elongate shoe-horn-
shaped and not distinctly grooved or hollowed below as in Afroleptomydas, and
the phallic tubes proportionally much shorter, more divergent.

From the genus Nomoneura Bezz. (emended sense), which also has a
narrowish frontal and facial region, shortened or reduced tergite 8 and shortish
sternite 8, this genus differs in the much shorter antennae; more inflated pyri-
form clubs; presence of some hairs on metanotum and mesopleuron; duller
head, thorax, pleurae, and abdomen; a first posterior cell which opens broadly
on costal margin; broader hind border of wings; discally non-depressed first
tergite; more reduced spicules on hind tibiae; very much narrower and shorter,
more sharply pointed, anal lobes in g; distinctly more rounded, medially
slightly carinate and less hairy sternite 9 of 3; comparatively shorter aedeagal
apparatus, with shorter and apically-rounded epimere and shorter, more
divergent, phallic tubes; and opening below last vertical genital tergite in 9
smaller, lodging much smaller lobes.

The type-species and only known species is Oreomydas luctuosus (Bezz.)

Oreomydas luctuosus (Bezz.) n.comb.
Leptomydas luctuosus Bezzi, 19245: 204.

This species is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black; clypeus, to a certain extent proboscis below, antennae
in 2 at least, humeral tubercles, postalar calli, pteropleural area, spot on pro-
pleural part, metasternal and posterior metapleural parts, sides of tergite 1,
hind margin of tergite 1, a broadish fascia along sides of abdomen in ¢ from
tergite 1 to 7 (very broad posteriorly), a narrower and more obscure lateral
fascia in 2 (petering out on sides of 5), hypopygial structures of 3, venter in 3,
coxae and legs yellowish reddish, reddish brownish to reddish; hind margins of
tergites 2-6 in g and 2-5 in Q yellowish, more yellowish whitish in 3; bullae
dark reddish brownish, widely separated, larger in 9.

Integument of entire abdomen above in ¢ dull, in 2 more or less shining on
last three or four segments; integument of thorax above dull in both sexes, and
to a lesser extent also entire pleurae.

Vestiture with the whitish bloom or tomentum dense on head and in form
of a characteristic broad, conspicuous, white streak on each side of thorax above;
the hairs on body poorly developed, even in 3 where those on head, sides of
thorax above, on pleural part just in front of halteres, on tergites 1-3, and base
of venter are however longer and slightly denser than in Q; all these hairs
whitish in both sexes; fine ones in streaks on disc of thorax fulvous brownish,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 217

ee ii ee
Wt
VIALE

q,

Fic. 8

Left: Inner view of left antenna of 2 Oreomydas luctuosus (Bezz.).

Right: Oblique postero-lateral view of hypopygial structures of g Oreomydas luctuosus (Bezz.),
showing sternite g and its processes and aedeagal apparatus (also separately much enlarged
ventral or posterior view of shortish phallic tubes and ventrally non-sulcate epimere).

slightly darker in Q; fine hairs on abdomen in ¢ whitish; reversed ones on last
two segments in 9 not very dense, brownish or fulvous brownish; hairs on legs
very poorly developed and short in both sexes, mainly pale, whitish or with a
very slight sericeous yellowish sheen.

Head with the interocular space on vertex not much broader than width of
eye (front view) ; antennae (text-fig. 8, left) relatively short, shorter than thorax
(excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about twice as long as 2; segment 3 stoutish,
shorter than club, slightly, but distinctly, thickened apically; club elongate-
pyriform, its apical part rather truncate; proboscis only a little shorter than
front tibiae, its labella ovate, rather sharply pointed; palps small, nearly or
about as long as antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, pallid or
yellowish.

Wings rather short, hyaline in J, very faintly tinted greyish yellowish in 9;
veins blackish brown; second submarginal cell relatively narrow, its appendix
relatively short; apex of discoidal cell with a longish apical stalk, making apical
part of third posterior cell about, or nearly, as broad as its base; halteres dark.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened in both sexes, spindle-
shaped, their double row of spines below yellowish reddish, and from near base;
basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to, or not much longer than,
claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with about 6 yellowish reddish, flattened, blunt spines on a
side. .

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 8, right) with the lobes of tergite 9 rather acutely
angular posteriorly, their inner margins together forming a subacute angle;
sternite g not protruding much, rounded and narrowed posteriorly, medially

218 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

linearly grooved, its processes, in dorsal view, broadish, slightly broadly
depressed above, their apices rounded and slightly directed inwards, in side
view with more than apical halves slender, very slightly curving upwards;
aedeagal apparatus (text-fig. 8, middle) as described for genus.
The 3 holotype and @ allotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 12-14°:5 mm
Length of wing: about 8-9-5 mm
Distribution: West Cape: Matroosberg (4000 ft alt.) in the Ceres division
(Lightfoot, January 1917).

Genus HETEROLEPTOMYDAS Beq.

Heteroleptomydas Bequaert, 1963: 10, text-figs 2 and 3.

This genus was described by Bequaert from a single 3 specimen collected
by Turner at Port St. Johns in Pondoland in the eastern Cape Province.

It is not represented in any of the collections before me. As no representa-
tive of it has been taken in the western parts of the Cape, it probably represents
an eastern Cape genus which appears to be nearer to the next genus Womoneura
(emended sense) than to Afroleptomydas with the latter of which Bequaert com-
pared it. From Bequaert’s description of it and its type-species, it appears to be
characterized chiefly by the very broad head, which is very much broader than
the thorax; the entire absence of any hairs on the metanotum; the marked
constriction of the abdomen between segments 2 and 3; the broad and rugulose
lobes of tergite 9; the rather slender, subparallel, fairly widely separated phallic
tubes, which are widely separated also at base; and the peculiar, flattened,
broadish and apically truncated epimere (cf. Bequaert: 13, text-fig. 3 A and B).

These characters at once distinguish it from Afroleptomydas.

From Nomoneura Bezz. s.sir., which also has an entirely bare metanotum, it
differs in having a very much broader fronto-facial part, a wider interocular
space on vertex, which is considerably broader than the space on head below
(in Nomoneura scarcely much broader above than below), the more distinctly
constricted abdomen, and the different type of phallic tubes and epimere,
which, in representatives of Nomoneura, resemble that of Afroleptomydas.

The constricted abdomen is reminiscent of a similar condition in the genera
Mydaselpis and Vespiodes, but in these two genera the tergites are either very
coarsely punctured or very densely setiferously punctured, the vestiture on
tergite 1 is differently arranged, the head is narrower, the hairs on tibiae are
sparser, much shorter, stiffer and situated on distinct small granules, and the
phallic tubes are shorter, more divergent and less widely separated, the epimere
(if present) is differently shaped, and the processes of sternite g are more
sinuous and broader.

The type-species is Heteroleptomydas conopsoides Beq. (1963: 10) of which
Bequaert has given a detailed description and which ought to be easily
recognizable.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 219

Genus NOMONEURA Bezz.
Nomoneura Bezzi (in part), 19245: 223. Séquy (in part), 1928: 134 and 136. Bequaert (in part),

1938: 343. Bequaert (in part), 1961, No. 19: 10, 13 and 14.

The description of this genus given by Bezzi is a composite one in which he
included three species (partitus Gerst., callosus Wied., and mgra Macq.) which
obviously do not belong to the same genus as his type-species fasciata and his
other species paradoxa. As was stated under Afroleptomydas (olim Leptomydas)
fasciatus (Wied.) in this memoir, Bezzi unfortunately mistook a 3 specimen from
Zululand in the South African Museum for the Midas fasciatus of Wiedemann
and designated it (this supposed species of Wiedemann) as the type-species of
Nomoneura. As the true fasciatus, according to Loew’s good redescription,
obviously belongs to the genus Afroleptomydas Beq. (olim Leptomydas from
southern Africa), it cannot at the same time serve as the type-species of the
new genus Nomoneura. This 3 specimen from Zululand (Bezzi’s interpretation
of fasciatus) must therefore be considered, by his own designation, as the
type-species of the latter genus under the specific name of ‘Nomoneura fasciata
Bezzi (nec Wiedemann)’. In view of this emendation and the geographical
restriction of the genera and species of Mydaidae in general there is no doubt
that this genus has also been wrongly interpreted by subsequent authors, and
that species outside Africa referred to Vomoneura, more especially those described
from the Americas, will most likely be found to belong to entirely different
genera. In fact Bequaert (1961a: 13) has already suggested a new genus
Pseudonomoneura to accommodate North American species formerly placed in
Nomoneura.

The generic characters of this genus, in a restricted sense, must therefore
be based primarily on this species to which the ¢ specimen from Zululand
belongs as well as on paradoxa Bezz. from the Transvaal and the other new forms
described below. In his very short reference to the specimen from Zululand
(19245: 225) Bezzi also states that the species Cephalocera bellardiu from Inham-
bane in Portuguese East Africa, described by Bertoloni in 1861 (52, pl. 1, fig. 6),
is indistinguishable from fasciata (presumably the Zululand specimen). Berto-
loni’s unsatisfactory description and figure however do not support this con-
tention and there is reason to believe that the real bellardit is an entirely different,
though closely related, species (see under bellardiit below). In the collections
before me there are, apart from the type-species fasciata Bezz. (nec Wiedemann)
and the species paradoxa Bezz., at least three other species, including one which
I take to be the bellardi of Bertoloni, which are also referable to this genus. ‘This
material enables me to define the genus and compare it with the very closely
related Afroleptomydas Beq. (olim Leptomydas of southern Africa). In view of the
great variability of the latter genus, Nomoneura, which apparently differs from
it only in certain details, may even be degraded to the subsidiary status of a
subgenus of Afroleptomydas. :

Collectively the following characters appear to separate Nomoneura from
Afroleptomydas :

220 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Head with the interocular space on vertex consistently and markedly
narrow, only as broad as, or scarcely broader than, interocular space across
lower margin of buccal cavity, the inner margins of eyes thus converging above
and below; antennae (pl. 1, fig. 3) consistently stoutish, with segment 3 usually
stoutish and clubs elongate, usually more amphoriform; proboscis longish or
very short.

Wings with the apex of first posterior cell much more narrowed, either very
angularly subtending on costal margin, or subtending on apical part of costal
cell in such a way that the extreme apical part of the second vein becomes a
short apical stalk of the first posterior cell as in the case of some other genera;
hind border of wings usually markedly narrowish and in at least apical half
narrower or much narrower than first and third posterior cells.

Abdomen with tergite 1 usually distinctly depressed discally or longitudinally
so discally.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly or moderately thickened; basal
segment of hind tarsi usually markedly long, usually quite or nearly as long as
last two tarsal segments combined.

Vestiture on the whole less developed, even in 33, and 29 sometimes almost
bare; metanotum entirely bare, without even a few hairs on sides (always with
much hair in Afroleptomydas); hind margin of mesopleuron and entire ptero-
pleuron also entirely bare, which in Afroleptomydas are always haired to a
variable extent.

Hypopygium of 33 (cf. pl. 1, fig. 6) very similar to that of Afroleptomydas;
aedeagal apparatus also three-pronged, composed of a tubular aedeagus ending
apically in two phallic tubes and above these a central, dorsal process or
epimere; lateral process on each side of sternite 9 however much stouter,
broader, more hollowed out below, with blunter, more rounded apices and
sometimes with the hollowed out lower part directed more towards inner side;
sternite g itself more dorsoventrally compressed, more flattened lobe-like or
scoop-like, not so conical or cone-shaped as in Afroleptomydas, and usually
densely hairy along sides to apex.

The known representatives of this genus appear to be geographically
confined to the more wooded south-eastern and eastern parts of southern
Africa, Rhodesia and East Africa.

The known species may be separated as follows:

Tien (@) ivialess 5. ae st ae SC ae Bi se bic 40 3 2

(6) Females .. an ae ot ae a 273 2. ie ae 5

2. (a) Proboscis distinctly very much longer, more than 2 mm, up to 3 mm, projecting for a
considerable distance beyond buccal cavity, its labella very much shorter than its basal
stem; body less shining, head in front, pleurae and metanotum duller, due to some dull
greyish tomentum, and basal parts of tergites discally above sometimes also dulled by
tomentum; abdomen usually more elongate, cylindrical; wings not or not very darkly
infuscated; sternite 9 longer, thicker, less scooplike, its hairs not tending to form a dense
tuft or brush apically, its lateral processes much narrower, with finer punctures on side,
in side-view more S-curved, their ventral hollow part facing downwards right up to
tip a2 - oe Ae =i a2 ar bye me sé ic 3

3.

oO

(2)

(2)

(5)

=
8
ma

(0)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 221

Proboscis much reduced, very much shorter, shorter than 2 mm, either confined to
buccal cavity or with only tip of labella projecting, its labella subequal in length to or
scarcely shorter than short basal stem; body distinctly more shining, without any or
much dull tomentum, the head in front, pleurae, metanotum, and abdomen con-
spicuously shining; abdomen and body relatively less elongate, less slender; wings very
darkly and uniformly infuscated or with conspicuous and broadish fuscous borders
along veins; sternite 9 much shorter, more dorso-ventrally depressed, more scoop-like,
the hairs towards apex forming a dense tuft or brush, its lateral processes much broader,
with more distinct, coarser, setiferous puncturation on sides, in side view not or
scarcely S-curved, their ventral hollow part directed more upwards and inwards,
propeller-blade-like near apices .. 5 Sih 4.
Proboscis shorter, less than 3 mm; clypeus, base of eee ee Lae metapleural
part in front of halteres scale iheib or yellowish reddish; bullae black; legs pale yellowish;
wings greyish hyaline, without any distinct faint fancone borders along veins; hairs on
head in front tinted slightly yellowish and shortish ones on abdomen above and hinder
half of venter distinctly less dense, more fulvous or yellowish; tergites 2-6 above discally
and basally without any or scarcely any distinct dull tomentum; hind tibiae stouter,
with stouter, longer spicules; lateral processes of sternite g more angular apically
3 fasciata Bezz.
Proboscis longer, reaching 3 mm.; clypeus, base of thorax, scutellum, and metapleural
part dark; bullae more reddish brownish.or ferruginous; legs ferruginous; wings with the
veins in anterior half from base of 3, and anal vein, distinctly bordered with faint
yellowish brownish; hairs on head in front snow whitish and shorter ones on abdomen
above and hinder half of venter distinctly much denser, darker, darker brownish to
almost black; tergites 2-6 above discally and basally with distinct patches of dull darkish
tomentum; hind tibiae more slender, with feebler, fewer, shorter spicules; lateral
processes of sternite 9 more broadly rounded apically
3 bellardii (Bert.) (= fasciata Beq. nec Bezz.)

Hairs on head, sides of thorax, base of abdomen and on hind coxae and legs distinctly
much longer, relatively denser and entirely pale or whitish; those on abdomen very
much sparser, even posteriorly where the puncturation is also much sparser, less scabrous,
and apical tuft on sternite 9 whitish; hairs on hind tibiae mainly dark or gleaming silvery
on outer sides; clypeus usually paler or more brownish, more convex, larger; antennal
club orange yellowish or yellowish across middle; bullae reddish; hind margin of
tergite 7 yellowish whitish; wings relatively narrower, usually without very conspicuous
fuscous borders along veins; hind femora less thickened, more slender; spicules on tibiae,
and their apical spurs, distinctly longer, more slender; processes of sternite 9 relatively
broader, and lateral lobes of tergite 9 blunter, less sharply pointed

3 paradoxa Bezz.
Hairs on these parts distinctly shorter, less dense and entirely very dark or blackish;
those on abdomen very much denser, even more so posteriorly where the setiferous
punctuaration is distinctly coarser, more scabrous, and all hairs on sternite 9 very dark
or black; hairs on hind tibiae mainly reddish golden; clypeus smaller, less convex, darker;
clubs yellowish or orange in apical half; bullae black; hind margin of tergite 7, and
sometimes also of 6, dark or black; wings relatively broader, more consistently with
rather conspicuous fuscous borders along veins; hind femora distinctly more clavately
thickened; spicules on tibiae, and their apical spurs, distinctly much shorter, stouter;
processes of sternite 9 relatively narrower, and lobes of tergite 9 more sharply angularly
pointed SE 5 ae ie he as 6 caffra n.sp.
Proboscis distinctly faa longer, tones ae 2 mm, projecting for a considerable
distance beyond buccal cavity; antennae relatively shorter, markedly stoutish, segment 3
stout, only a little, or scarcely, longer than club, and apical sensory area of latter more
truncately sunk in; abdomen above less shining, without any coarse setiferous punctura-
tion, the last, or last two, segments not markedly paler than rest of dark abdomen; legs
relatively longer, more slender
Proboscis much reduced, very short, neal i mee 2 mm, Gites confined to buccal
cavity, or with only the tip projecting; antennae relatively longer, more slender, seg-
ment 3 more slender, distinctly longer than club, the apical sensory area of latter more

222 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

oblique, less sunk in; abdomen above more shining, with distinct, though sparse, coarse
puncturation, its last, or last two, segments paler more yellowish or reddish than dark
rest of abdomen; legs relatively shorter .. ae SE ae Se whe 7

6. (a) Smaller, more slender species, only about 16 mm long; body not entirely dark, without
distinct violaceous reflections; dorsum of tergites 2-4, and discal part of 5, ochreous
yellowish, the rest brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 whitish on sides; antennae pale
yellowish, segment 3 slightly, but distinctly, longer than club; legs pale yellowish; hairs
on frons in front and on clypeus more yellowish brownish, shorter; proboscis about
2-2 mm long, with much feebler spinules; hind femora with relatively fewer spines
below, these pale reddish 2 barbertonensis n.sp.

(6) Larger and stouter species, quite 20 mm long; body mainly dark purplish brownish,
with distinct violaceous reflections; dorsum of abdomen unicolorous; hind margins of
tergites entirely dark, only extreme sides of 2 very narrowly dirty yellowish; antennae
more yellowish brownish, segment 3 subequal in length to club; legs dark purplish
brownish like rest of body; hairs on frons anteriorly and on clypeus darker, purplish
brownish, longer; proboscis slightly longer, about 2-8 mm, with more distinct and longer,
more evident spinules; hind femora with more numerous dark purplish reddish spines
below .. rs ae H a ie ae ae ang ° violacea n.sp.

7. (a) Body with much yellowish or yellowish reddish, the clypeus, humeral tubercles, sides
of thorax, sometimes two submedial discal streaks, base of thorax, scutellum to a variable
extent, metanotum (or extensive sides of latter) yellowish or yellowish reddish; middle
part of antennal club yellowish or orange; hind margins of tergites 2-4 more extensively
whitish, even if only on sides; bullae reddish; abdomen above more sparsely punctured;
clypeus distinctly longer, more convex; wings less darkly infuscated, without or scarcely
any distinct fuscous borders along veins; hairs slightly more developed, those on vertex
anteriorly, basally on sides of tergite 1 and on outer sides of hind coxae slightly longer,
more conspicuous, whitish; fine hairs on legs, especially femora, hind tibiae and tarsi
mainly dark; vertical sclerite of genital segment more punctured on each side of carina

© paradoxa Bezz.

(6) Body on the whole darker, clypeus, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax, disc and base of
thorax, scutellum and metanotum very dark or very dark reddish brownish like rest of
body; apical part or half of club orange yellowish; hind margins of tergites darker, more
reddish brownish, only those of extreme sides of 2 and 3 yellowish whitish; bullae black;
abdomen above distinctly more closely punctured; clypeus smaller, less convex; wings
very darkly infuscated brownish, especially as extensive borders along veins; hairs
relatively shorter, less dense, those on vertex and entire head, the very short ones on
sides basally of tergite 1 and on hind coxae entirely dark or blackish; fine ones on legs
mainly reddish golden; vertical sclerite punctate-striate on sides of carina

2 caffra n.sp.

Nomoneura fasciata Bezz.
Nomoneura fasciata Bezzi (nec Wiedemann), 19245: 225.

As was stated under Afroleptomydas fasciatus (Wied.) and in the comments
under Nomoneura, this species, which Bezzi designated as the type-species of
Nomoneura, was wrongly identified by Bezzi as the Midas fasciatus of Wiedemann.
It is however an entirely different, and in some ways a peculiar, species and has
no resemblance to Afroleptomydas (olim Midas and Leptomydas) fasciatus s.str.
whatsoever. The South African Museum is in possession of only the single g
specimen from Zululand mentioned under the generic description of omoneura
and which is characterized as follows:

Body mainly very dark, blackish brownish to black; antennae reddish
brownish, apices of clubs more orange; the following parts reddish, reddish
brownish or yellowish brownish: clypeus, proboscis below, broadish sides of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 223

thorax above, a narrow, submedial, discal streak on each side of thorax above,
beginning anteriorly in an infusion on inner sides of humeral tubercles, a large
basal medial infusion in front of scutellum, scutellum itself, pteropleural part
below wing-bases, metapleural part in front of halteres, anterior basal part of
tergite 1, hind margin discally of tergite 1, extreme base anteriorly of 2, to a
variable extent very obscurely and more darkly so along the extreme sides of 2-4
or 5, more or less obscurely on apical half of 7, greater visible part of 8, and the
lateral lobes of tergite 9, and processes of sternite 9; humeral tubercles yellowish ;
hind margins of tergites 2-6, and that less delimited across 7, yellowish, 3 and 4,
especially 3, being broader than posterior ones; bullae shining black, bordered
along their basal margins with yellowish reddish, the space between them
discally narrower than vertical length of a bulla; venter mainly dark or dark
reddish brownish, darker posteriorly, bases of sternites 2-4 tending to be
paler, more yellowish reddish, and hind margins of 2-4 yellowish on sides,
dark in middle; legs pale yellowish, the coxae and trochanters dark reddish
brownish.

Integument of frontal part in front, thorax above, and metanotum mainly -
dull, the thorax above with only very fine microsculpture; head below and
pleural parts only feebly subshining; abdomen above slightly more shining,
but duller across bases of tergites 3-7.

Vestiture relatively sparse, longer and denser on head, in streaks on thorax,
those along sides, though sparse, longer than those along submedial streaks;
metanotum and greater part of pleurae bare, only a few, sparse, longish hairs
on propleural part, and shorter, sparse ones on metapleural part; tergites 1 and
2 with sparse, longish hairs, and rest of abdomen with sparse, shortish, decum-
bent ones; hairs on head pale yellowish, even those on head below scarcely
paler; those on thorax, pleurae and tergites 1 and 2 slightly paler, more yellow-
ish whitish; rest of shorter hairs on abdomen becoming more reddish golden or
reddish fulvous posteriorly and on hypopygium; a narrow band of yellowish
whitish tomentum present along inner margins of eyes, much broader along
those of occiput, and some very fine, more silvery tomentum on posterior half
of pleurae; hairs on coxae very sparse and short on front and middle ones,
longer and denser, more yellowish on hind ones; hairs on legs short, mainly
yellowish, though gleaming more whitish on tibiae; spines and spicules reddish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex markedly narrow, scarcely
broader than space between eyes just below buccal cavity, very much narrower
than in some other genera, the inner margins of eyes thus markedly converging
above and below antennae; antennae (pl. 1, fig. 3) relatively stoutish, longer
than thorax (excluding scutellum), with segment 1 about 23 times length of 2,
segment 3 stoutish, becoming slightly thickened apically, longer than club, the
latter elongate, only gradually thickening apically, there almost truncate, and a
little more than its basal 4+ constricted off neck-like; proboscis projecting much
beyond buccal cavity, but much shorter than thorax and also shorter than
vertical length of an eye; palps distinct, quite as long as antennal segment 2;

224 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

postvertical spines present.

Wings rather broadish, greyish hyaline, but distinctly tinted very slightly
yellowish; veins yellowish brownish, more yellowish in hinder half; appendix
at base of second submarginal cell relatively short; posterior veins of first and
third posterior cells relatively near hind border, this space much narrower than
these cells, and junction between these two veins only very obtusely angular;
apical stalk of first posterior cell very short and that of anal cell also relatively
short; halteres and their knobs brownish.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly thickened, armed below with a row
of spines beginning just before middle and becoming double in apical part;
hind tibiae stoutish, almost straight; basal segment of hind tarsi also stoutish,
very much longer than claw-segment, the latter markedly short.

Hypopygium (pl. 1, fig. 6) more like those of the ¢¢ of Afroleptomydas; lateral
lobes of tergite 9, though not sharply angular posteriorly, relatively longer
than in other species of this genus; processes of sternite 9 with a little more than
apical third rather flattened dorso-ventrally, tongue-shaped, bluntly rounded
apically, the dorsal depression rather shallow, in side view rather rapidly
narrowed to middle, then more straight, the shallow-grooved ventral surface
directed ventrally or downwards as in species of Afroleptomydas, the apex of
processes not bending towards each other tongs-like; sternite 9 relatively large,
flattened lobe-like, fairly densely hairy.

Length of body: about 17-5 mm
Length of wing: above 12 mm
Distribution: Zululand: Mfongosi (W. Jones, December 1911).

Nomoneura barbertonensis n.sp.

A single yellow-legged 9 specimen, with a partly yellowish abdomen, in
the collections before me obviously belongs to the fasciata section of this genus
and there is some suspicion that it may represent the unknown Q of fasciata
Bezz. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly reddish brownish; frontal part of head and head below darker,
more blackish brownish; clypeus and proboscis above paler, more reddish
brownish; a broadish, somewhat indistinct, central, dorsal streak on thorax
above, becoming evanescent at about middle, and an indistinct, submedial,
broadish band on each side of thorax above, from about middle to near base
and on to postalar calli, as well as a broadish, medial streak on metanotum and
metapleural boss above posterior spiracle also slightly more darkened, more
blackish brownish than rest of reddish brownish thorax; proboscis below more
yellowish; antennae (excepting the more reddish brownish base of club and
terminal tubercle), the extensive dorsal discal parts of tergites 2-4 and central,
discal part of 5, sternites 2-4, lower parts of middle and hind coxae, to a certain
extent lower hinder part of anterior and middle trochanters, entire hind tro-
chanters and the entire legs pale yellowish, the antennae and legs being
strikingly so, the apical part of claws however blackish; tergite 8 and genital

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 225

segments slightly paler, more yellowish reddish than rest of reddish brownish
abdomen; hind margins on sides of tergites 2-4 conspicuously pale yellowish
whitish; bullae small, somewhat bean-shaped, shining black, very widely
separated above.

Integument of head and thorax mainly dull, the middle ocellar part slightly
more shining; tergite 1 and sides of 1-5 and especially entire 6-8 and genital
parts as well as hinder darkened half of venter also shining more than the
yellowish dorsum and more so than dull thorax; thorax above, metanotum and
pleurae with dull leathery texture; abdomen with micro-areolate texture on
tergites 1-5, less evident from 6 to apex, with scattered or sparse setiferous
puncturation to end of 6, and with the terminal segments transversely shallowly
grooved.

Vestiture very poorly developed; the greater part of the body being bare;
shortish hairs on vertex and frons greyish yellowish, appearing dark in certain
lights; those on clypeus more yellowish and slightly longer ones on head below
brownish, appearing even darker in certain lights; short hairs on antennal
segments 1 and 2 reddish brownish; short and sparse ones on thorax above
brownish and slightly longer sparse ones on sides in front of wing-base yellowish
brownish or greyish brownish; those on propleural tubercle brownish; shortish
and sparse ones on sides basally of tergite 1 greyish; minute scattered hairs on
abdomen above dark; longer reversed ones on last two segments and on genital
segments blackish brownish; fine shortish hairs on anal lobes greyish yellowish;
short ones on coxae blackish brownish; hairs on legs very short, reddish
brownish, appearing more reddish in certain lights, more yellowish in others,
those on front and middle tibiae more golden and those on hind ones more
reddish; narrow streaks of tomentum along inner margin of eye on face and
behind eyes greyish whitish; fine, but relatively sparse, tomentum on pleurae,
sides basally of tergite 1 and on hind coxae greyish; spines on hind femora
below and spicules on hind tibiae and tarsi yellowish reddish, those on front and
middle ones slightly paler, more yellowish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex narrow, about as broad as space
on head below; antennae stoutish and thick, very slightly longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum), segment 1 not thickened, quite 2-3 times length of 2,
segment 3 stoutish, scarcely thickened apically, longer than club, the latter
constricted bottle-neck-like at base, thickest at about middle, with an equatorial
row of 3 short setae on inner side at about middle and 2 dorsally (one at about
middle), with the apical sensory area rather truncately sunk in on inner side,
the outer apical side occupied by the rather conspicuous, crater-like tubercle;
proboscis about 2-2 mm long, about as long as vertical length of eye, with the
apex of its labella slightly curved down; palps distinct, short, a little longer
than antennal segment 2.

Wings tinged reddish brownish; veins dark reddish; halteres entirely dark
reddish brownish; squamal margin whitish.

Legs slender, rather long, the hind femora only very slightly thickened,

226 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

rather elongate, armed below with about 7-9 shortish, separated, reddish spines
along inner row and 4 in apical part along outer row; tibiae, including hind
ones, with numerous spicules apart from apical spurs; basal segment of hind
tarsi distinctly much longer than claw-segment, quite subequal in length to
combined length of segments 2-4.

Oviscape with about 7 slender, reddish spines on a side.

From a @ holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 16 mm
Length of wing: about 12-5 mm

Distribution: Transvaal: Barberton (J. S. Taylor, 28th September 1926).

From the ¢ fasciata, which also has a longish proboscis, thickish antennae,
a similarly shaped club, slender and longish yellowish legs and reddish veins in
the wings, and of which it may prove to be the unknown Q, it however differs
in not having yellowish humeral tubercles and in having darker, not pale or
more yellowish reddish, mesonotal sides. In view of the geographical localisation
of most species of Mydaidae and the morphological and colour differences
between 3g and 9° of some mydaid genera, it is not advisable to assign the
sexes of species without having taken them together at the same locality and at
the same time of the year.

It is easily distinguished from 9° of paradoxa Bezz. and caffra n.sp., described
farther on, by the much longer proboscis, the ochreous yellowish discal parts of
tergites 2-4 and 5, and the longer legs.

Nomoneura bellardi (Bert.) n.comb.

Cephalocera bellardi Bertoloni, 1861: 52, pl. 1, fig. 6.
Nomoneura fasciata Bezzi (nec Wiedemann), 1924: 225. (n.syn.)
Nomoneura fasciata Bequaert (nec Wiedemann, nec Bezzi), 1938: 343. (n.syn.)

Even though Bertoloni’s description is very short and inadequate and his
figure of Cephalocera bellardi not very satisfactory, there appears to be little doubt
that a 3 specimen, with ferruginous legs, from Rhodesia in the National
Museum of Rhodesia, identified by Bequaert in 1938 as Nomoneura fasciata
(Wied.) and which he based on Bezzi’s wrong identification (19246) of Wiede-
mann’s species, is the bellardi of Bertoloni. It agrees with the latter’s description
in the few important characteristics mentioned by this author.

This ¢ specimen also does not belong to the same species as that of the 3
specimen in the South African Museum wrongly identified and unsatisfactorily
described by Bezzi as fasciatus Wied. (see under Nomoneura and the preceding
species fasciata Bezz.) and which he also maintained was specifically identical
with dellardu Bert., thus suggesting that the latter is a synonym of the former.
For the reason stated above this 3 specimen is therefore provisionally referred
to and here described as bellardii of which the ¢ is characterized as follows:

Body rather slender, the abdomen markedly elongate, cylindrical and in
side view rather thickened at segments 6 and 7; body mainly dark, the head
(except clypeus), dorsum of thorax, disc of scutellum, metanotum, tergites
1 and 2, and to a great extent pleurae and coxae appearing more blackish than

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 227

rest of surface which appears more dark piceous or reddish brownish; antennae
dark reddish brownish, the apical and basal parts of club darker; clypeus also
reddish brownish; proboscis yellowish below; humeral tubercles yellowish;
area around latter, sides of thorax above, postalar calli and excavation on sides
of scutellum ferruginous reddish, inclining to yellowish reddish; area below
base of wings and pleural sutures also ferruginous; hind margin of tergite 1
obscure reddish, those of 2—7 whitish, but bordered narrowly orange brownish
on basal side; bullae reddish brownish, appearing darker across apical part;
venter reddish brownish up to base of sternite 5; hind margins of sternites
2-5 whitish on sides, the rest more obscure, dirty yellowish; hypopygial
parts, especially processes of sternite 9, more ferruginous or reddish brownish,
apical part of sternite itself more yellowish reddish; legs, as stated by Bertoloni,
mainly ferruginous, the claws also ferruginous, but tipped blackish.

Integument of central part of frons, to a certain extent clypeus, proboscis,
tergite 1, apical halves of 2-6, to a lesser extent 7, band-like bases of 3-6 and
venter more or less shining; metanotum dulled by greyish tomentum and
pleurae much dulled by greyish whitish tomentum; integument of abdomen,
especially on more shining parts, with very faint, though distinct, purplish
refections; basal discal parts of tergites 2-6 and obscurely across 7 dulled by
distinct dark tomentum which in certain lights appears greyish brownish.

Vestiture rather poorly developed, longish, but sparse, only on head, tergite
1, sides of 2 and to a lesser extent sides of 3, on sternites 2—4, on posterior meta-
sternal part, sides of hind coxae and on inner sides basally of hind femora; all
these hairs greyish whitish; hairs on thorax above also whitish, slightly longer
on sides in front of wings and on each side submedially anteriorly, those on disc
short, very sparse and almost absent; shortish, sparse ones on abdomen above
from tergite 3, denser and slightly longer posteriorly on 6 and 7 as well as fairly
dense bristly ones on venter on sternites 5-8 (especially 7 and 8), those on
hypopygial structures and below sternite 9 blackish brown; those on apical and
latero-apical part of sternite 9 more fulvous; hairs on legs very fine and short,
but with sparse, longish whitish ones on inner sides of hind femora, mainly
dark on femora above, paler below; fine ones on hind tibiae and on outer or
anterior surfaces of middle ones as well as on tarsi dark, the rest on front and
middle tibiae paler, more whitish; spines and spicules on legs reddish.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 relatively long, quite 3-6 times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish, a
little longer than club, only slightly thickened apically; the latter elongate, more
or less gradually broadened towards apex, being more rapidly thickened and
thickest in less than apical third and constricted in little more than basal fifth;
proboscis relatively long, a little shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum),
about 3 mm long, its labella rather large, ovate; palps small, about as long as
antennal segment 2; postvertical spines present, bristly.

Wings, relative to abdomen, rather shortish, greyish hyaline, but with api-
cal half of costal cell, very faint borders along veins 3 and 4, the veins bounding

228 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

second submarginal cell, base of first posterior cell, apical vein of discoidal cell
and to a feebler extent apical cross vein of second basal cell faintly tinted
yellowish brownish; veins reddish brownish; basal appendix of second sub-
marginal cell longish; knobs of halteres dark brownish above.

Legs slender; hind femora only very slightly clavately thickened, armed
below with relatively few spines, about 8 or 9 in two rows of 4 or 5 in each in
apical half only; hind tibiae with only short and few spicules.

Hypopygium with apices of lateral lobes of tergite 9 rounded; processes of
sternite g in side view slightly S-curved, the apical part curved slightly upwards,
in dorsal view broadish, rounded apically, hollowed out below, shallowly
grooved above, non-punctuate above apically; phallic tubes of aedeagus rela-
tively short, slender, widely separated; sternite 9 dorso-ventrally depressed,
tip-of-tongue-like, densely haired.

Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 12-5 mm

Distribution: Rhodesia: Hope Fountain (Neville Jones, 21st October 1922).

This species differs from fasciata Bezz. in having more slender antennae,
darker clypeus, very much longer proboscis, whitish and not yellowish hairs on
head in front, black scutellum, black base of thorax, more yellowish brownish
tinted wings, at least along veins, more reddish brownish bullae, much darker,
not fulvous or golden, and denser hairs on tergites 3—7 and on venter posteriorly,
more distinct, basal, discal patches of dull tomentum on tergites, darker, more
ferruginous legs, smaller and more densely-haired sternite 9, and more bluntly-
rounded processes of latter.

Nomoneura paradoxa Bezz.
Nomoneura paradoxa Bezzi, 19245: 224.

This slightly atypical and distinctly variable species from the Transvaal
was described by Bezzi from a single ° specimen in the South African Museum.
A 3 specimen in the South African Museum from the same locality was unfor-
tunately not submitted to Bezzi at the time. This ¢ I am now incorporating in
the redescription of the species below as the ‘allotype’. In addition there are
in the collections before me two other 99 and eight other ¢¢ from the Transvaal
Museum.

From all these specimens it is quite evident that the species is slightly
variable and that, when compared with the type-species 3 fasciata, it is atypical
in certain respects. The species has no relationship to the genera Halterorchis
and Mydaselpis as maintained by Bezzi. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly brownish, reddish brownish to dark blackish brown, the
posterior part of 2 sometimes more yellowish or mud-coloured to a variable
extent, and the medial ocellar ridge, sides of frons, especially in g, disc of
thorax, metanotum in ¢ and in both sexes to a variable extent basal part of
abdomen or even greater part or entire abdomen above more blackish than

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 229

brownish; antennae yellowish or reddish brownish, brownish to blackish brown,
the middle part of clubs more often yellowish or orange; clypeus reddish
brown, dark reddish brownish to blackish brown, sometimes slightly paler in 9;
humeral tubercles pale yellowish brownish or reddish brownish to a variable
extent, sometimes dark in ¢; area around humeral tubercles, sides of thorax
(more broadly in 9), postalar calli, sometimes narrowish base of thorax in d,
broadish base of same in 9, two submedial discal streaks of variable extent in 9,
and scutellum in @ yellowish, yellowish reddish or reddish, the sides of thorax
and scutellum in § sometimes entirely dark; metanotum in 2 usually mainly
pale yellowish brownish to mud-coloured; tergite 1 in both sexes sometimes
more reddish brownish, its hind margin reddish; hind margins of tergites 2—7
in ¢ yellowish whitish, conspicuous, fairly broadish, more narrowly, less con-
spicuously so in 9 and only evident on sides of 2-4 or 5, being dark discally;
bullae reddish to dark reddish, vertically longer in 3, more narrowly separated
dorsally in §; hind margins of sternites 2—5 or 6 conspicuously or more broadly
yellowish whitish or whitish on sides of 3, narrower in 9; legs pale yellowish in 9
and in some $3, but femora in ¢ darkened or more brownish to a variable
extent or even mainly blackish brownish, the coxae in both sexes darker, but
very dark in $3 with darkened femora, the apical parts of hind tibiae and hind
tarsi sometimes darkened to a variable extent in dark-legged 3g.

Integument of greater part of head and body, including coxae, rather con-
spicuously shining, only disc of thorax above dulled to a variable extent;
abdomen above in 9 with sparse, scattered, setiferous puncturation, in 4 slightly
denser, denser posteriorly in both sexes, the last two tergites in both sexes with
transverse striation, denser in 3.

Vestiture relatively poorly developed in both sexes, more so and shorter in Q,
those on head, anteriorly on thorax, tergite 1, coxae and femora in g and lower
parts of hypopygium in J longish and conspicuous, very short in @, those on disc
of thorax even in ¢ sparse and shortish, and those on abdomen above in 9,
apart from shortish ones on tergite 1 and reversed ones posteriorly, very short;
hairs on vertex, sides of frons, sides and lower parts of clypeus, head below, on
thorax above in d, sides of thorax in 9, pleurae in both sexes, on tergite 1 in 3,
sides anteriorly of tergite 1 in 9, those on sternite 9 of ¢ and longish ones on
femora in 3 greyish whitish; hairs on frons on each side anteriorly in both sexes,
some on clypeus above in 3, on entire face and clypeus in 9, those discally on
thorax and on tergite 1 in 9 brownish; those on antennal segments 1 and 2 in
both sexes also dark; short hairs on abdomen above in both sexes, as well as
those on venter in J, also dark; very short, sparse hairs on femora in 9, short
ones on front and middle femora above and on upper outer and lower apical
aspects of hind femora in 3, those on hind tibiae in both sexes (much shorter in
2), on apical parts of front and middle ones above in @ and those on tarsi in
both sexes dark or blackish; hairs on front and middle tibiae and on coxae
in g and greater part of hind coxae in 9 whitish; spines and spicules on legs
yellowish to yellowish reddish.

230 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Head with the antennae longer than thorax above, though sometimes rela-
tively shorter in 9; segment I scarcely or not much thickened, shortish, about 2
to nearly 3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, subequal in length to or more
often longer than club, its apical part well marked off, though very slightly or
scarcely thickened; club elongate, slightly longer in 3 than in 9, amphoriform,
its basal third or fourth in g and less than basal fourth in 9 constricted bottle-
neck-like, its apical part conical or subtruncated on lower part, ending in a
crater-like tubercle, and with a girdle of dark separated hairs beyond middle;
clypeus rather convex; proboscis markedly short, confined to length of buccal
cavity, or only extreme tip slightly projecting, relatively stumpy, its labella
subequal in length to or scarcely shorter or longer than basal part and pointed
apically; palps minute; postvertical spines slender, bristle-like.

Wings uniformly tinted yellowish brownish to a variable degree, though
usually paler in 9, and in ¢ often with conspicuous darker fuscous borders along
veins; veins yellowish or pale yellowish brownish, sometimes pallid in hinder
half in 9; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked to a variable extent, the
apex of third posterior cell more often tending to be angular or subangular;
hind border of wings in apical half narrower than cells; knobs of halteres dark
brownish above.

Legs slender; hind femora only very slightly thickened, slightly more so in
g, armed below with a double row of rather separated spines from just before
middle; hind tibiae slightly curved before apex; basal segment of hind tarsi
relatively elongate, even longer than penultimate segment plus claw-segment;
claws longer in ¢ and less curved down apically than in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 to g fulvous yellowish to yellowish brownish spines on a
side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lateral lobes of tergite 9 rather sharply angular or
subangular apically; processes of sternite 9 elongate, markedly broadish,
slightly twisted propeller-blade-like, hollowed out below, bluntly rounded
apically, but inner margin in apical part more rapidly narrowed towards
apex than the outer one, its outer or lateral face with relatively coarse, elongate
punctures and its upper face apically also with some coarse punctures; sternite 9
itself somewhat atypical in being more dorso-ventrally depressed or flatter than
in fasciata, more scoop-like, narrowed apically, densely covered with hairs, but
more so, more tuft-like on sides apically; phallic tubes of aedeagus with rather
conspicuous gonopores and epimere narrowish, pointed apically.

Length of body: about 13-17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9-12-25 mm

Distribution: Transvaal: Pretoria (August-October). Types from Fairy

Glen in Pretoria (Munro, 1gth September 1915).

Nomoneura caffra n.sp.

A variable Eastern Province representative of paradoxa, unfortunately
represented only by jd in the series from the type localities before me. One 3

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 231

specimen in the Transvaal Museum was labelled by Lichtwaardt as ‘Cephalocera
nigra Macquart’, a species with which it has no relationship and which does not
belong to Cephalocera but to a new genus described elsewhere. Superficially this
species is almost indistinguishable from paradoxa. The 3 however differs from
the ¢ of the latter in the following respects:

Body similarly coloured, with the same parts on thorax above reddish
brownish or yellowish brownish, but in a varietal form humeral tubercles
and postalar calli are very dark piceous reddish or almost black, and sides
of thorax black; antennal clubs with more than apical halves to a variable
extent orange yellowish, not with only the middle parts so as in paradoxa;
clypeus more consistently darker, more dark piceous reddish or brownish;
metanotum also reddish or reddish brownish on sides or sides basally to a
variable extent, though not extensively yellowish brownish on sides as in some
33 of paradoxa; hind margin of tergite 1 more consistently darker or black;
those of only tergites 2-5 or 6 yellowish whitish and then sometimes with those
of 5 and 6 darker, more reddish brownish than whitish or yellowish, with that
of 7 consistently black, not yellowish whitish; bullae black; only sides of ster-
nites 2-3 or 4 whitish; legs similarly coloured and to the same variable extent,
the femora sometimes darkened to the same extent and sometimes even exten-
sively darkened, only the apical parts of front and middle ones and less than
basal halves of hind ones being more yellowish like the tibiae and tarsi.

Integument with the same parts shining but abdomen above with distinctly
much denser, setiferous puncturation which becomes denser posteriorly and
transversely subscabrous or ‘nadelrissig’? on last two segments, also with the
extreme sides of tergites 2-7 more densely punctured; venter also with much
denser, subscabrous, setiferous puncturation, especially in hinder half.

Vestiture on the whole very much shorter, that on head, though longer than
on thorax and rest of body, distinctly much shorter and sparser than in paradoxa;
hairs on thorax above much shorter, sparser, and individual hairs more seta-
like; those on tergite 1, especially sides, and on outer sides of hind coxae much
shorter than in paradoxa; those on abdomen above and below distinctly very
much denser; hairs on hypopygium about as long and as dense as in latter
species; hairs on legs, except for some longish ones on hind femora below, all
short, without any longish ones on femora and tibiae as in paradoxa; all the
hairs on head, thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, coxae and femora very dark,
blackish brownish to black, those on head sometimes appearing more dark
fulvous brownish; fine ones on tibiae and tarsi mainly reddish golden or fulvous
reddish; spines and spicules on legs deeper reddish.

Head with the antennae much longer than thorax, though relatively slightly
shorter than in paradoxa; segment 1 also rather shortish, only slightly thickened,
about 2.3-2.8, or even a little more than 3, times length of the rather shortish
segment 2; segment 3 distinctly stouter than in former species, only a little
longer than, sometimes subequal in length to, club, its apical fourth or a little
less scarcely or only slightly thickened, but as in paradoxa marked off by a

232 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

slightly raised ring; club distinctly more slender, its constricted basal part
appearing stouter, less delimited; clypeus distinctly smaller, shorter, less convex
or tumid; proboscis very similar, also short, stumpy, only about 1-1-28 mm,
but appearing longer than in latter, due to shorter buccal cavity and smaller
clypeus, its labella similar, also tending to be pointed apically; postvertical
elements also bristle-like.

Wings relatively slightly broader, otherwise similar, also deeply tinted
yellowish brownish, but apparently more often with darker fuscous borders
along veins which are sometimes very dark and extensive, rendering the wings
very dark brown to blackish brown; veins tending to be darker brownish;
knobs of halteres very dark above.

Legs similar, but hind femora tending to be relatively more thickened,
more subclavate, with a double row of relatively shorter and stouter spines
below; spicules on tibiae, apical spurs of latter, and spicules on tarsi distinctly
shorter, less slender; basal segment of hind tarsi also relatively elongate.

Hypopygium very similar, but lobes of tergite 9g tending to be more sharply
pointed apically and processes of sternite g relatively narrower.

From 5 3d (holotype and 3 paratypes in the Transvaal Museum and 1
paratype in the South African Museum).

Length of body: about 12-25—13-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9-11 mm

Distribution: Eastern Cape: Resolution in Albany district (Walton, 19th
January 1929) (holotype and 3 paratypes); Algoa Bay (Dr. Brauns, 25th
January 1908) (1 paratype).

A single 2 specimen from Willowmore in the Transvaal Museum, wrongly
labelled as ‘Cephalocera nigra Macq.’ is described here provisionally as the 9
of caffra even though it differs in colour details which would not be expected in
2° of the same species as the latter. It is characterized and also differs from 99
of paradoxa as follows:

Body also mainly dark or very dark piceous reddish or reddish brownish
as in 3, especially pleurae and tergites 1 and 2, but humeral tubercles entirely
dark and sides of thorax also dark or obscurely and narrowly dark reddish, not
yellowish reddish or yellowish as in 3; postalar calli very dark reddish blackish;
clypeus also darker, almost black like rest of head; antennae dark reddish
brownish, only apical halves of clubs yellowish as in 3; proboscis paler yellowish
brownish; metanotum not yellowish or pale coloured as in 9 paradoxa, but very
dark reddish brownish, even darker than in ¢ caffra; hind margins of tergites
2-5 dark reddish, though sides of 2 and 3 more yellowish whitish; last tergite
extensively yellowish reddish discally, and one before it slightly paler reddish
than rest of the dark reddish brownish surface above; hind margins and basal
margins of sternites 1-5 paler and more dirty yellowish than rest of venter,
though extreme sides of 2 and 3 more yellowish whitish; bullae also black as in
3; legs, excepting dark coxae, very pale and contrastingly yellowish.

Integument with the same parts shining as in ¢ and in paradoxa; abdomen

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 233

above slightly more closely punctured above than in 9 paradoxa, last tergite with
much shallower transverse grooves, but one before it more densely and deeply
grooved than in latter 2; venter more coarsely punctured.

Vestiture very short and sparse, the thorax, pleurae and basal part of
abdomen almost bare, all the hairs on body as in ¢ caffra entirely dark or
blackish; hairs on last two abdominal segments distinctly denser than in
paradoxa; fine, short hairs on coxae dark as in g; fine ones on entire legs also
reddish golden; spines and spicules reddish as in g, shorter than in paradoxa.

Head with the clypeus smallish and narrowish as in 3; antennae very
similar; proboscis very short, less than 1 mm long, its labella rather sharply
pointed apically.

Wings as in 3 caffra, though apparently darker brownish, due to extensive
dark fuscous borders along veins.

Genital segment with the last vertical sclerite striated and punctured on sides
of the vertical central carina, not merely punctured as in paradoxa; oviscape with
about 6 reddish spines on a side.

Length of body: about 16 mm
Length of wing: about 11 mm
Distribution: South-eastern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 5th January

1920).

Nomoneura violacea n.sp.

This Eastern Province species, known only from a single 2 specimen in the
South African Museum, cannot be confused with any of the other species. It is
characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark, reddish or purplish brownish, with violaceous reflections,
especially on abdomen, the venter paler brownish; middle part of frons, narrow
apices of antennal segments 1 and 2 and more than apical third of club more
blackish; rest of antennae yellowish brownish; clypeus reddish brownish; sides
of thorax above and two submedial, discal streaks appearing more black,
separating paler, more obscurely yellowish ones; metanotum also with a central,
broadish, more blackish streak as well as a faint and obscure submedial one
on each side, the sides of metanotum however darker; bullae shining black,
more narrowed towards dorsal end than towards ventral end, broadly inter-
rupted dorsally; entire abdomen above and below without any yellowish hind
margins; legs reddish brownish, apices of coxae, the trochanters, extreme apices
of femora, extreme bases of tibiae, extreme apices of tibiae, apices of tarsal
segments, and more than apical halves of claws black.

Integument of body rather dullish, only subshining; central part of frons
and greater part of pleurae more shining; thorax above with a broadish sub-
lateral streak on each side and a broad central one (separated by a narrow
central, shining streak) dull, due to fine leathery or shagreen-like microsculp-
ture; last two abdominal tergites more or less transversely wrinkled.

Vestiture rather poorly and sparsely present, the greater part of body and

234 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

greater middle part of abdomen bare; sparse longish hairs on head in front
and below entirely dark brownish; sparse and much shorter ones on sides of
thorax above and even the still shorter, sparse, decumbent ones along the more
shiny streaks on disc, as well as sparse ones on metapleural prominence in front
of halteres and the sparse ones on sides of tergite 1, also dark brownish; those
in a small patch in front of postalar calli black; reversed and stiffish hairs on last
two abdominal segments very dark, blackish brown or black; short, decumbent
hairs on legs black, slightly denser on tibiae and tarsi; spines and spicules on
legs reddish brownish, those on tarsi above black; fine, silvery greyish tomentum
or pubescence present along eye-margins of face, behind eyes, along extreme
sides of thorax above, in front of postalar calli, on sides in anterior half of meta-
notum, and more obscurely on posterior half of pleurae.

Head with the interocular space on vertex rather narrowish, subequal in
width to space between eyes on head below across lower margin of buccal cavity,
the inner margins of eyes converging above and below level of antennae; antennae
rather stoutish, shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 about
24 times length of 2; segment 3 stoutish, becoming slightly thickened apically,
a little shorter than club, the latter elongate, amphoriform, a little less than
a fourth of its base constricted segment-like; proboscis shorter than vertical
length of an eye, but in comparison with the two preceding species long, pro-
jecting much beyond buccal cavity, covered with rather conspicuous hair-like
spinules, especially below; palps well developed, nearly twice length of antennal
segment 2; postvertical spines present, bristle-like and blackish.

Wings uniformly tinted yellowish brownish throughout; veins yellowish
brownish; hind border of wings narrower than first and third posterior cells;
apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; hind margin of squamae whitish; halteres
and their knobs brown.

Legs with the hind femora slightly thickened, armed below with a row of
spines, from near base, becoming duplicated apically; basal segment of hind
tarsi somewhat thickened, much longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with 5 or 6 reddish or fulvous spines on a side.

Length of body: about 20 mm
Length of wing: about 15 mm
Distribution: Eastern Cape: Queenstown (V. Whitehead, January 1950).

NEOLAPAROPSIS n.gen.

Two 2 specimens from Zululand in the collections before me, which have a
superficial resemblance to species of the asilid genus Weolaparus, appear to have
certain characters in common with Mydaselpis, Nomoneura and Arenomydas, but
apparently more so with the latter two genera. To accommodate them a new
south-east African genus JVeolaparopsis is proposed and which agrees and differs
from the other south-east African genus Nomoneura s.str. and the new genus
Arenomydas from the semi-arid western Cape in the following respects:

Head (cf. pl. 2, fig. 3) markedly flattened behind, more so than even this

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 235

tendency in Avenomydas, the occipital part dorsally and dorso-laterally flattened
behind the eyes, not so convex as in NVomoneura; interocular space on vertex
broad, very much broader than space on head below, not consistently narrowish
and scarcely broader than space below as in Nomoneura, the inner margins of
eyes thus converge much more towards head below than towards vertex and the
interantennal space is relatively much broader than in latter genus, more like
that of Arenomydas; clypeus less convexly prominent in side view than in both the
other two genera; antennae distinctly more slender, not stoutish and thickened
as in Nomoneura, with segment 1 markedly short, broader than long, usually
distinctly longer or much longer than broad in both the other two genera,
without any distinct hairs, segment 3 more gradually thickened from narrow
base to broadish apex as is evident to a lesser extent in some forms of Arenomydas,
but not stoutish and rod-like as in Nomoneura; proboscis projecting beyond
buccal cavity.

Thorax markedly short, tending to be quadrate or subquadrate, much like
that of Arenomydas, only a little, or scarcely, broader than long, not distinctly
much longer than broad as in Womoneura, also sculptured vermicellately rugulose
above as in most forms of Arenomydas, with a distinctly broader anterior area on
sides behind shoulders between upper margin of mesopleuron and extreme
depressed side of thorax than in any of the other two genera; postalar calli
rather convexly prominent or boss-like as in Arenomydas; metanotum relatively
short as in some forms of the latter, but as in both these genera also entirely
bare except for tomentum; mesopleuron and greater part of rest of pleurae also
entirely bare.

Wings very similar to those of the other two genera and, as in Avenomydas,
with the first posterior cell opening apically in apical part of costal cell, thus
distinctly, though very shortly, stalked apically on costal margin; first basal
cell tending to be more rounded apically; base of second submarginal cell also
with an appendix; hind border of wings opposite posterior cells, unlike that of
Arenomydas, narrower than the cells themselves (as in Nomoneura) ; alula distinctly
narrower less lobe-like than in the other two genera.

Abdomen, unlike that of the other two genera, distinctly slightly narrowed
waist-like at junction of second and third segments, but to a very much lesser
extent than in Mydaselpis and Heteroleptomydas; tergites and sternites, unlike
those of Nomoneura and Arenomydas, somewhat densely and coarsely punctured,
reminiscent of Mydaselpis, though less so posteriorly; segment 1 relatively short,
transversely convex, not depressed medially as in Nomoneura; bullae vertically
elongated, narrowish; last vertical tergite in 99 also centrally carinate, the
carina longer than in Arenomydas, and hind margins of this tergite on each side
not meeting in a sharp angle; oviscape segment on each side armed with a row
of spines; opening below last vertical sclerite and oviscape segments relatively
narrower than in Nomoneura, the anal lobes in it distinctly smaller than in
latter genus.

Vestiture (in 29 at least) also poorly developed as in the other two genera,

236 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with very short postvertical bristles, without any hairs on metanotum, meso-
pleuron and greater part of rest of pleurae, including metapleural tubercle in
front of halteres (which in the case of the other two genera has some hairs) ;
hairs on thorax above, especially on sides, and sides basally of tergite 1, distinctly
shorter and sparser, and those on last, or last two, abdominal segments dis-
tinctly shorter and relatively sparser than in the other two genera; hairs on legs
shorter than in Arenomydas, more like those of Nomoneura.

Legs relatively shorter, especially shorter than those of omoneura, stouter,
the hind femora distinctly shorter, relatively stouter, more distinctly clavately
thickened, also armed below with a double row of spines, situated on pro-
portionally larger tubercles; tibiae also with fairly numerous spicules; tarsi
proportionally shortened, relatively shorter than in the other two genera, and
basal segment of hind ones proportionally much shorter than in either of the
other two genera, only a little, or scarcely, longer than claw-segment, distinctly
much longer in the other two genera.

As far as the mixed characters of this genus are concerned it may be
looked upon as the eastern geographical representative of the western Arenomy-
das which has evolved in more or less the same direction as the other eastern
genus WVomoneura, and within a similar type of biological environment. The type-
species of this genus is Veolaparopsis puncturatus n.sp. described below.

Neolaparopsis puncturatus n.sp.

The 99 are characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark; head, propleural prominence, lower half of pleurae,
anterior and middle coxae, segments 1-3 (or 4) of abdomen, base and extreme
sides of tergites 5—7 and to a lesser extent extreme sides of sternites 5—7 mainly
dark, blackish brownish or almost black; antennae pale yellowish brownish, the
apical part of segment 3 and basal half or more of club darkened, the apical
part of latter more yellowish; proboscis pale yellowish brownish; thorax above,
humeral tubercles, scutellum, metanotum, mesopleuron and upper half of
pleurae yellowish reddish, but a broadish central streak on thorax above,
extending to near scutellum, and a small rugulose area basally on each side of
metanotum blackish; tergite 4 discally to a variable extent and rest. of tergites
5-8 (excepting extreme dark sides and base and to a variable extent sternites
5-8) paler than basal part of abdomen, more pale yellowish brownish; bullae
also pale yellowish brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-4 rather broadly yellow-
ish, those of 1 and 5—7 appearing dark; hind coxae reddish brownish; legs mainly
yellowish, the hind femora however more reddish brownish in slightly more than
apical half, the hind tibiae also more reddish brownish, and apical half of
claws also darkened.

Integument of frons and clypeus mainly shining, the former with scattered
setiferous puncturation and the latter somewhat shallowly transversely grooved
dorsally and setiferously punctured on sides; thorax above somewhat shiny,
vermicellately rugulose, more transversely so across anterior part of the broad

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 2O7

medial black streak where there is also sometimes an indication of a slight
central carinate line, with the submedial anterior part on each side of central
dark streak less densely, more longitudinally rugulose, the extreme sides of
thorax also more obliquely and less densely rugulose, and base in front of
scutellum smoother, more shining like the postalar calli; scutellum smooth,
more or less shining; metanotum covered with silvery-shining tomentum;
pleurae mainly shining, with oblique striation on mesopleuron posteriorly,
longitudinal striation on pteropleuron, and vertical striation on anterior part of
hypopleuron; posterior metapleural and metasternal parts, as well as sides
basally of tergite 1, covered with silvery-shining tomentum; integument of
abdomen mainly shining, somewhat acicularly punctured on tergite 1, more
coarsely and more deeply across middle before broad smoothish hind margin,
densely and coarsely, somewhat acicularly, punctured on tergites 2—7, the
punctures becoming less dense, shallower and less acicular on posterior tergites
and replaced by transverse grooves on last tergite, with the transverse depression
across base of tergite 2 and the broadish hind margins of the tergites smooth,
not punctured; venter also punctured, but slightly less densely so than above,
and smooth across base and hind margin of sternites, and tending to be more
densely punctured on sternites 6 and 7, but also transversely grooved on 8;
integument of legs also somewhat shining, the hind femora with a feeble indica-
tion of transverse annulation from a little before middle.

Vestiture very poorly developed, the thorax and abdomen almost bare;
hairs on head the longest, relatively sparse and situated in the setiferous punc-
tures, whitish on vertex and frons, slightly more sericeous yellowish on frons
anteriorly, on clypeus and head below, with only short yellowish postvertical
bristles and scattered, short, pale hairs on occiput, the sides of latter behind
eyes mainly covered with whitish tomentum, with a narrow streak of whitish
tomentum also along inner margins of eyes in facial region, and without any
discernible hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2; hairs on thorax above minute,
scarcely discernible, yellowish; metanotum with silvery tomentum; pleurae
mainly bare, with sparse pale hairs on propleurae, minute scattered yellowish
ones on metapleural prominence, indications of greyish tomentum on sterno-
and hypopleural parts, some shortish, bristly, yellowish brownish hairs on
metasternal part as well as greyish or silvery tomentum on metapleural and
metasternal parts; hairs on abdomen almost absent, very short and dark and
only detectable on tergites 1 and 2, becoming slightly longer, more whitish on
silvery tomented lateral basal part of tergite 1; reversed hairs on last abdominal
segment relatively shortish, sparse, gleaming golden yellowish like the short
hairs on anal lobes; hairs on legs very short, the short dark ones on coxae
bristly, those on femora not very dense, dark or brownish, more fulvous reddish
on tibiae and tarsi; spines on hind femora reddish and spicules on tibiae and
tarsi more fulvous reddish. ;

Head (pl. 2, fig. 3) with the proportions between interocular space on
verex, widest part of head in front, and space on head below as 30:39:25 or

238 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

27:47:23; antennae very much longer than the thorax, segment 1 markedly
short, slightly broader nearer apex than long, about, or a little less than, 2 times
length of 2, segment 2 transverse, broader than long, segment 3 gradually
broadening to apex, a little more than apical third thickened, shorter than club,
the club elongate, thickest beyond middle, a little less than its basal sixth con-
stricted, slightly narrowed beyond middle, its sensory area obliquely terminal
and its terminal prominence fairly large; clypeus not very prominent in side
view, appearing rather deeply sunk in, somewhat flattened dorsally; proboscis
about 1-52-2 mm long, equal or subequal to vertical length of eye, with minute
and scattered spinules, its labella fairly large; palps small.

Wings infuscated blackish brownish throughout, with a faint purplish tint,
the apical half of costal cell and greater part of marginal cell however darker;
veins blackish brownish; discoidal and third posterior cells meeting at a point
apically; halteres brownish.

Legs relatively shortish, the hind femora somewhat clavately thickened,
armed below with a double row of spines on rather prominent tubercles, about
8 in inner row from just before middle and 6—7 in outer row more or less only in
apical part or half; middle tibiae with more numerous spicules than anterior
ones, spicules being also present on outer (anterior) face (not on front face) ;
hind tibiae also with a large number of spicules along lower or anterior face,
more numerous and longer in apical part; basal segment of hind tarsi only a
little longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with 8-10 rather slender, fulvous reddish spines on a side.

From 2 9° (holotype in the South African Museum and paratype in Natal
Museum).

Length of body: about 14 mm (in natural attitude) 16-17 mm

(straightened)

Length of wing: about 11-11-25 mm

Distribution: Zululand: Ndumu Reserve, Ingwavuma district (B. and P.

Stuckenberg, 1st-1oth December 1963).

NOMONEUROIDES n.gen.

This new genus is established to accommodate certain south-east African
species of Mydaidae which cannot be included in Womoneura as redefined in this
revision, nor in the other new genus Arenomydas described farther on. It is
obviously very near both of these and to a certain extent also near Neolaparopsis
and Afroleptomydas Beg. With Nomoneura and Neolaparopsis it agrees in having
an entirely bare metanotum and pteropleuron; apex of first posterior cell in
wings either shortly stalked or angularly subtending on costal margin; and in
having rather elongate antennal clubs.

It however differs from \Vomoneura in having the interocular space on vertex
relatively much broader, much or very much broader than that on head below;
in having relatively broader antennal clubs, even if these be also elongate; no
visible or differentiated postvertical spines; some hairs always present across

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 239

hind margin of mesopleuron; wings usually darker, the apex of first posterior
cell tending more to subtend or to open directly on costal margin (as in Afro-
leptomydas), the hind border of wings not markedly or consistently much
narrower than first and third posterior cells; central carina on last perpendicular
sclerite in 99 relatively shorter, less keel-like, more arched, and anal lobes below
and between oviscape distinctly much larger; anal lobes in § narrower, each
more pointed apically; lateral lobes of tergite 9 in 99 (cf. pl. 2, fig. 4) broader,
shorter, posteriorly less sharply produced or pointed, more broadly rounded ;
processes of sternite 9 in §¢ more callipers-like, more curved inwards and
downwards apically; aedeagal apparatus (cf. pl. 2, fig. 4) not three-pronged,
but composed of two long, curved, separated, extrusible, phallic tubes, each of
which is composed of two tubes (connected by membrane) fused together
apically, the outermost one of these (the true phallic tubes) ending in a gono-
pore, and the innermost or anterior or dorsal one ending apically in an inwardly-
curved, flattened, blade-like (pruning-knife-blade-like) process on outer side of
each gonopore; epimere long, flattened and slightly curved up (or down) in
apical part; sternite g itself smaller, smoother, and vertically keeled posteriorly,
the keel itself semi-membranous (cf. side view in fig. 4, right, pl. 2).

From the genus WNeolaparopsis, apart from differences such as wing-
characters, absence of hairs on mesopleuron and a longer central carina on last
perpendicular sclerite in 92 which the latter shares with Nomoneura, it may at
once be distinguished by the less flattened occiput, the less quadrate thorax,
and the abdomen which is not distinctly narrowed waist-like and is not densely
and coarsely punctured.

From the other new genus Avenomydas, which it also resembles in the struc-
ture and shape of the processes of sternite 9 in $4, it differs in not having the
mesonotal part of thorax above relatively coarsely sculptured; in having more
hairs in 33g; hairs across hind margin of mesopleuron; fewer and usually shorter
spicules on hind tibiae, especially along outer sides; in having apex of first
posterior cell not so consistently stalked; hind margins of tergites, in known gg
at least, usually more distinctly whitish or yellowish; processes of sternite 9 in
3g usually less callipers-like, narrower; aedeagal apparatus different, in form
of three separate processes as described above and shown in pl. 2, fig. 4, and not
as shown in pl. 2, fig. 2, and composed of a tubular process ending in a shortish,
central, dorsal epimere and a ventral process ending apically in two phallic
tubes or tubules; and in having markedly larger anal lobes in 99.

Representatives of this genus, as in the case of both Nomoneura and Neolapa-
ropsis, appear to occur only in south-eastern and eastern Africa (see Map 2,
Wor 3):

The type-species of this genus is Nomoneurotdes natalensis n.sp.

The known species of omoneuroides may be separated as follows:

1. (a4) Males .. be ao Ms me A ae be 3 Hi a 2
(6) Females .. a a alle Bn ai: si a Ae is sis 3

240

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

2. (a) Vestiture on the whole longer, that on abdomen distinctly longer and denser, with

(b)
3. (2)
(6)
4. (a)
(6)
5. (a)

longish hairs also on tergites 3 and 4, and those on 5-7 also rather long, and all hairs on
abdomen and legs gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish; wings relatively less darkly
infuscated, without any or with faint or scarcely perceptible fuscous borders along veins;
processes of sternite g in side view broader at base and less than apical half slender, at
first curving slightly downwards, then seen upwards and straight to apex where it
curves inwards fe 36 ate : ue as .. 6 natalensis n.sp.

Vestiture relatively slightly shorter, that on abdomen distinctly shorter and sparser,
with distinct longish hairs only on tergites 1 and 2, those on 3-7 very much shorter, and
hairs on abdominal segments 3-7, on hypopygial structures, and on tibiae and tarsi
dark or black; wings more darkly infuscated, all the veins with distinct, conspicuous,
darker, fuscous borders; processes of sternite 9 in side view relatively narrower at base,
with more than apical half slender, and almost straight from base to apex, only curving
very slightly upwards and inwards apically .. ai Ly ae 3 melas n.sp.

Body mainly black, only clypeus sometimes, undersides of head, humeral tubercles,
sides of thorax, two submedial discal streaks, postalar calli, metanotum or sides of it,
infusion on propleurae, part of mesopleuron, pteropleuron, infusions on metapleural
parts, hind margin of, or extreme sides of, tergite 1, extreme sides of abdomen to a
variable extent, base of venter, sometimes hind margins of sternites, genital structures,
sometimes hinder lateral parts of coxae, and greater part of legs reddish brownish or
yellowish brownish; tergite 1 not so markedly depressed medially above; all veins in
wings darker or blackish, and sometimes with darker or more conspicuous fuscous
borders Se S38 Se ad a 8 Fie bid is at 4.

Body mainly, or at least with more extensive, reddish brownish or yellowish brownish,
only top of head, sides of frons (or frons), apical part of antennal segment 1, segment 2,
labella of proboscis, a broadish, central, discal streak on thorax, depressed junctions
between metanotum and tergite 1 and tergites 1 and 2, narrow hind margins of tergites,
especially discally, extreme sides of tergites, hind margins of sternites, greater part of
pleurae and to a variable extent apical parts of middle and hind coxae, to a variable
extent knees and apical parts of tarsi darkened or blackish; tergite 1 centrally distinctly
more markedly depressed; veins in more or less anterior half of wings paler, more
yellowish, and with much fainter, or sometimes scarcely evident, fuscous borders . . 5

Wings on the whole less darkly tinted, due to less dark or fainter fuscous borders along
veins in anterior half; clypeus entirely dark or black; frons entirely black; scutellum
more extensively, or entirely, yellowish brownish; middle of metanotum not or more
narrowly black or dark; hind margins of tergites 1 and 2, even discally, broadly yellowish
brownish, and rest obscurely dark reddish brownish; extreme sides of abdomen more
distinctly, more conspicuously yellowish brownish; hind margins of sternites distinctly,
or even broadly, reddish brownish; upper surfaces of femora entirely darkened; hairs
on femora more fulvous; fine ones below basal segment of hind tarsi sparser, darker;
fine hairs on tergites 1 and 2 distinctly longer and denser .. Bc 2 natalensis n.sp.

Wings on the whole distinctly darker, the veins, even in anterior half, more broadly and
conspicuously dark-bordered; clypeus pale yellowish- or reddish brownish; frons
anteriorly and transversely tending to dark reddish; scutellum either entirely, or more
extensively, black; middle of metanotum more broadly darkened; hind margins of
tergites dark discally; extreme sides of abdomen from tergite 2 mainly black, only
narrowly reddish brownish posteriorly; hind margins of sternites from 3 mainly black;
femora only darkened apically above; hairs on femora dark; fine ones below basal seg-
ment of hind tarsi denser, more fulvous; fine hairs on tergites 1 and 2 shorter and
sparser .. 42 ~ om hs se = a oc © melas n.sp.

Frons medially with much or extensive reddish; pleurae only yellowish brownish along
middle parts; abdomen above on the whole paler, paler yellowish brownish; hairs on
last two abdominal segments slightly darker or deeper yellowish, more fulvous; hairs
on coxae and legs mainly dark or with more dark ones; hairs below tarsi mainly fulvous;
wings tinted deeper yellowish brownish, due to darker, more conspicuous, fuscous
borders along veins in apical and hinder half a A =f © brunneus n.sp.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 241

(6) Frons entirely dark; pleurae more extensively yellowish brownish, latter occupying
even much of its lower and upper parts; abdomen above on the whole slightly darker
brownish, only last segment conspicuously yellowish reddish; hairs on last two abdominal
segments paler, more yellowish than fulvous; hairs on coxae and legs, especially femora
and tibiae below, mainly pale or with more pale ones; hairs below tarsi darker; wings
tinted slightly paler yellowish, without any or with much fainter fuscous borders along
veins in apical and hinder halves .. te Me .. @ brunneus var. fuscifrons n.

Nomoneuroides natalensis n.sp.

A characteristic dark or black Natal species which is characterized as
follows:

Body, especially in 3, mainly black, in 2 with much yellowish brownish on
thorax above, pleurae and sides of abdomen; antennae very dark blackish
brown to black, in 9 more dark reddish or reddish brownish, the clubs in ¢
sometimes more reddish subapically and in @ reddish in basal half or more;
humeral tubercles in ¢ black, yellowish in Q; postalar calli in g obscurely dark
piceous or reddish brownish; the following parts in 2 reddish brownish to
yellowish brownish: clypeus sometimes, lower parts of proboscis, infusion around
humeral tubercles, broad sides of thorax, even much broader opposite wing-
bases, a narrower submedial discal streak on each side from anterior infusion
to middle or beyond middle, sometimes joining broad reddish brownish sides
opposite level of wing-bases, base of thorax, scutellum, metanotum (except for
dark central line), propleurae, greater middle parts of pleurae or their greater
upper parts including metapleurae, sides basally, extreme sides and hinder
parts on sides of tergite 1, or sometimes across its discal part as well, sides of
rest of abdomen intramarginally to a variable extent, and venter to a variable
extent up to end of sternite 5 or 6 or along sides of rest; coxae and legs in ¢
mainly black though front and middle tibiae more reddish brownish on outer
hinder faces, in 9, including coxae or at least front and middle ones, mainly
reddish brownish or yellowish brownish, only the upper faces, especially
apically of femora, and to a certain extent the knees blackened; hind margin of
tergite 1 dark reddish brownish in 9, darker or black in 4, those of 2-7 in 3
dirty yellowish whitish, in 9 less conspicuously so and only on sides of 2-6;
bullae dark blackish brownish, rather smallish in both sexes, more so in Q,
widely separated above; hinder parts on sides of last tergite in g sometimes also
yellowish; apices of processes of sternite 9 in ¢ yellowish reddish; hind margins
of sternites, especially 1-4 or 5, obscurely yellowish, even more so in 9.

Integument of head in front, except on sides, pleurae, except for tomented
tubercle in front of halteres and metasternal parts, and most of abdomen,
especially in 9, shining; thorax above discally and metanotum dull; integument
of abdomen above in J transversely ‘nadelrissig’ or striate, more so on sides
and posteriorly, with separated setiferous punctures, that in 2 with minute,
sparse, setiferous punctures, transversely wrinkled posteriorly, more distinctly
so on tergite 7 and more coarsely so on 8; extreme sides of 2—5 in @ fairly densely
subrugosely punctured.

242 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Vestiture relatively longish and dense, especially in 3, even on abdomen,
shorter in 9; that on thorax above in 4 streaks; hairs on abdomen in ¢ longish
on tergites 1, 2 and sides of 3, and to a lesser extent 4, and as dense as punctura-
tion; all the hairs on head and body greyish whitish, but reversed ones on last
two segments in 9 more greyish yellowish; hairs on legs longer and denser in
dg, with longish and dense ones on coxae and inner and lower sides of hind
femora, very short and sparse in 9, mainly greyish whitish in 3, but slightly
more yellowish or greyish yellowish in Q; spines on hind femora dark brownish
to blackish brown and spicules on tibiae almost black.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer than thorax (excluding scutellum),
rather stoutish; segment 1 slightly thickened, about 2-6~3 times length of 2;
segment 3 rather stoutish, especially in 2 where it is relatively shorter than in 3,
in both sexes subequal in length to or only a little shorter than club, its apical
fourth, or more, more or less thickened segment-like; club elongate, amphori-
form, its basal part constricted, its apical part subconical to rather large crater-
like tubercle, its thickest part from beyond middle in 3, from about middle in 9;
clypeus rather short; proboscis shortish, stout, much shorter than vertical length
of an eye, about 1-6-2 mm, its labella large, oval, subequal in length to stumpy
base (excluding theca) ; palps minute, but distinct; distinct stoutish postvertical
spines not evident.

Wings infuscated smoky brownish throughout, the infuscation sometimes
darker as borders along veins; veins dark brownish to blackish brown; second
submarginal cell with a tendency to be much narrowed apically; apex of first
posterior cell angularly subtending on costal margin and very narrowly open;
apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked to a variable extent; halteres dark, with
almost black knobs.

Legs with the hind femora slightly, but distinctly, thickened in both sexes,
armed below with a double row of spines from just before middle; tibiae rela-
tively stoutish, their spicules well developed, though not long; basal segment
of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment.

Genital segment in 2 with the last vertical sclerite (tergite) punctured on sides
of carina; oviscape with 8 or g reddish brownish to brown spines on a side;
lobes below oviscape rather well developed, large, lobe-like rounded, punctured.

Hypopygium of 3 (pl. 2, fig. 4) with the lateral lobes of tergite 9 broadish,
subtruncate apically, covered with the coarse, separated, setiferous punctures
and markedly long hairs; sternite 9 large, shining, laterally compressed apically
in form of a distinct, vertical, pale, keel-like semi-membranous carina; processes
of sternite 9 rather long, curving inwards apically, gradually narrowed apically,
bluntly rounded apically, in side view at first curving slightly downwards, then
slightly upwards and again downwards apically, a little less than apical half
slender, hollowed below; aedeagal apparatus as described for genus and as
figured and, when exerted, the apparatus is in form of three long upwardly
curved rods.

From 5 ¢¢ and 2 9° (¢ holotype, 9 allotype and 4 3 paratypes in the

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 243

South African Museum, and 1 @ paratype in the Transvaal Museum).
Length of body: about 13-5-19°5 mm
Length of wing: about 10°5-14°5 mm
Distribution: Natal: Durban (C. Booth, January-March 1959) (3 holotype,
2 allotype and 3 3 paratypes); Durban (G. van Son, 1st-6th March 1960)
(1 2 paratype); Umhlanga Rocks (E. McC. Callan, January 1955) (1 ¢ para-

type).
Nomoneuroides melas n.sp.

This black and dark-winged species, which appears to be the Delagoa Bay
representative of natalensis, may be easily recognized by the following
characters:

Body with the entire integument more or less shining; 3: mainly black,
including antennae, clypeus, proboscis, greater part of humeral tubercles,
pleurae and legs, but lower part of humeral tubercles yellowish and front and
middle tibiae as well as inner and lower faces of front femora sometimes more
brownish; 2 with the antennae from base of segment 3 reddish brownish, and
following parts pale yellowish brownish or reddish brownish; middle part of
face, clypeus, head below, middle part of proboscis, humeral tubercles, broad
sides of thorax, an anterior infusion on inner sides of humeral tubercles on each
side, extending posteriorly as a short, submedial, discal line, the propleurae in
part, upper parts of pleurae, metanotum up to middle on each side, sides
anteriorly and extreme sides of tergite 1, base laterally of 2, outer and hinder
faces of coxae and the legs, excepting the dark upper apical parts of front and
middle femora, bases of tibiae and upper parts of tarsi; hind margins of tergites
2-7 in g and 2-6 in Q yellowish; bullae shining black; extreme sides of tergites
in 2 with reddish yellowish to a variable extent, especially posteriorly; venter in
both sexes mainly dark, but hind margins of sternites 1-4 more dirty yellowish;
posterior face of genital segment in 9 reddish brownish.

Vestiture in 3 rather sparse, but longer and denser than in 9; that on head
and sides of tergites 1 and 2 denser, the sparse ones on thorax above concentrated
on sides and in two submedial discal streaks, separated by bare streaks; pleural
parts bare, except for a sparse tuft across hinder part of mesopleuron and on
tubercle in front of halteres; sparse hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2 black;
rest of hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2, on venter basally across
prosternum and metasternum whitish; short ones on rest of abdomen above
and longer ones from sternite 4 to apex dark or black; those on hypopygium
posteriorly and below processes of sternite 9 more pale yellowish brownish;
hairs on legs in § not very long and dense, black on coxae in front, dark or
black on femora above, pale on hind ones below and dark on all the tibiae and
tarsi; spines on legs reddish; vestiture in 9 very poorly developed, very short
and sparse, the body almost bare, the hairs however coloured as in 4, the hairs
on head much shorter and sparser than in 4, those on abdomen above minute
and sparse up to tergite 6, longer and denser, more fulvous brownish on terminal

244 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

segments; hairs on legs in Q shorter and sparser than in dg, entirely black,
excepting the reddish golden spinules on tarsi below and reddish spines and
spicules on rest of legs.

Head with the antennae shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment
1 about 4-4.8 times length of relatively short segment 2; segment 3 thickened
segment-like apically, a little longer than club; latter elongate, amphoriform,
much longer than broad, narrowed bottle-neck-like basally, its apical fourth,
or a little less, narrowed, more so on inner lower aspect, covered with dense
minute hairs and ending in a truncated, crater-like tubercle; proboscis short,
rather stoutish, ending in a rather broad, oval labella, quite as long as stem of
proboscis up to theca; palps distinct, short, thumb-shaped; clypeus short and
narrow.

Wings distinctly tinted smoky brownish throughout, with black veins and
rather conspicuous fuscous borders along veins (broader along bases of second
submarginal and first posterior cells in 2); membrane of wings markedly
crinkled; first posterior cell apically rather narrowly touching costal margin;
halteres dark, with black knobs.

Legs with hind femora slightly thickened, armed below with a double row
of spines from a little before middle; hind tibiae rather stoutish and in 9 with
rather numerous spicules below in apical half; basal segment of hind tarsi
relatively thick, longish, densely brush-like hairy below.

Oviscape in this single 2 specimen with 11 spines on left and g on right.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 broad, obtusely and subtrun-
cately rounded posteriorly; sternite 9 laterally compressed in its apical half
where it also has a semi-membranous, pallid, medial keel ventrally and pos-
teriorly; processes of sternite 9 long, more than apical half slender, broadish,
bluntly rounded apically and directed inwards and slightly downwards, and
in side view almost straight; aedeagal apparatus in form of a slender, dorsal
epimere and two separated, sharply pointed, phallic tubes.

From 2 gg and 1 Qin the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15-20 mm
Length of wing: about 12-15 mm

Distribution: Portuguese East Africa, Delagoa Bay: Inhaca Island (E. McC.
Callan, December 1954) (types and paratype).

This species differs from natalensis in having the lower part of humeral
tubercles in 3 obscurely yellowish, facial part and clypeus in 9 reddish brownish,
darker scutellum, broader, dark, central fascia on metanotum in 9, less yellowish
brownish on extreme sides of abdomen in Q, less conspicuous yellowish hind
margins to tergites, darker discal parts of hind margins in 9, much darker hind
margins of sternites in both sexes, relatively shorter hairs, especially in 9,
shorter ones on tergites 3 and 4 in J, shorter hairs in J on rest of abdomen,
darker ones on abdomen posteriorly in 3, darker hairs on femora in Q, slightly
darker wings with more conspicuous and striking fuscous borders along veins,
relatively longer first antennal segments, more apically pointed lobes under

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 245

oviscape in Q, and slightly longer slender part of processes of sternite 9 in .

Nomoneuroides brunneus n.sp.

Still another species belonging to the natalensis and melas section, but
unfortunately represented by 99 only in the collections before me. The 99 are
characterized as follows:

Body mainly yellowish to ochreous brownish, the humeral tubercles, pro-
pleural tubercles, and legs slightly paler, more yellowish, the following parts
dark, dark blackish brownish or blackish: apical part or half of antennal seg-
ment I, segment 2, apical parts of clubs, vertex, sides of frons, an infusion or
spot behind antennae, sides of face, greater part or labella of proboscis, a
broadish central streak on thorax, becoming narrower posteriorly, upper part or
half of mesopleuron behind humeral tubercles to a variable extent, prosternal
part, lower half of sternal part of pleurae, posterior and anterior parts of meta-
pleural tubercle in front of halteres, knobs of latter, narrow front margin and
broader hind margin of tergite 1, broadish front margin of tergite 2, bullae,
hind margins discally of tergites 2-7, extreme sides of tergites to a variable
extent, hind margins of sternites, apical margins of coxae, hinder parts of
trochanters, extreme apices of femora to a variable extent, extreme bases and
apices of tibiae, apical halves or more, or even entire, front and middle tarsi,
apical part of hind ones, apices of claws, and pulvilli; hind margins of tergites
2-5 or 6 on sides dirty yellowish whitish.

Integument of frons, clypeus, pleurae and to a large extent abdomen above
shining; that of thorax above duller, also on anterior half of scutellum and on
metanotum; abdomen above with a central groove or depression on tergite 1.

Vestiture poorly and sparsely developed as in @ of melas, that on head, sides
of thorax, in two submedial discal streaks on thorax, on propleurae, hinder
part of mesopleuron, metapleural tubercles, extreme sides basally of tergite 1,
hind margin of metasternum and outer sides of hind coxae slightly longer, more
evident and silvery whitish; abdomen above almost bare, with sparse, minute
hairs discernible only on tergites 1 and 2, also whitish; hairs on antennal seg-
ment 2 dark; reversed hairs on last two abdominal segments slightly denser,
longer, fulvous; spines of oviscape yellowish brownish and hairs on genital
lobes pale yellowish; hairs on femora very short, relatively sparse, entirely dark
as are also those on coxae, tibiae and upper parts of tarsi; denser ones on tarsi
below more fulvous yellowish.

Head with the antennae as in melas; segment 3 however only a little longer
than elongated, amphoriform club; proboscis also short, stoutish, about
1-6-1-8 mm long, its oval labella subequal in length to or only a little shorter
than basal stem; palps minute, but distinct.

Wings tinted yellowish brownish throughout and veins in apical and hinder
half with conspicuous, dark, fuscous borders; veins mainly yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly thickened, armed below with a
double row of yellowish reddish spines from a little before middle; basal seg-

246 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ment of hind tarsi rather long, longer than claw-segment.
Oviscape with about 9-10 spines on a side.
From 2 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 16-18 mm
Length of wing: about 12-13 mm
Distribution: Portuguese East Africa, Delagoa Bay: Inhaca Island (E. McC.
Callan, December 1954) (holotype and paratype).

Nomoneurotdes brunneus var. fuscifrons n.

Two other 2 specimens from Natal are also provisionally referred to
brunneus as a special variety fuscifrons. They differ from the typical form in
having the entire frons and antennal segment 1 dark; the pleurae more exten-
sively ochreous brownish, only the hinder upper corner of mesopleuron being
dark, much of the lower parts of pleurae also ochreous; abdomen above on the
whole slightly darker, only last segment conspicuously yellowish reddish; hairs
on last two abdominal segments paler, more yellowish than fulvous, those on
coxae and legs, especially femora and tibiae below, mainly pale or with more
pale ones; hairs below tarsi darker, not fulvous; claws tending to be darker;
wings tinted slightly paler yellowish, without any or with much fainter borders
along veins in apical and hinder half.

Holotype of variety in the Transvaal Museum and paratype in Natal
Museum.

Length of body: about 17—17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 12-13 mm

Distribution: Natal: Mtunzini (Bell Marley, 4th April 1926) (holotype) ;

Winkelspruit (Bell Marley, 26th March 1922) (paratype).

ARENOMYDAS n.gen.
Midas Wiedemann, 1828: 580.
Cephalocera Macquart, 1838: 14. Gerstaecker, 1868: 80-81.
Nomoneura Bezzi (in part), 19245: 226. Séguy (in part), 1928: 134 and 146. (n.syn.)

This new genus is erected to accommodate the species Midas callosus Wied.,
Cephalocera partita Gerst., and Cephalocera nigra Macq., as well as a few other new
South African forms which cannot be allocated to any of the other known
genera. The three former species were placed in the genus Nomoneura by Bezzi
in 1924. As stated under \Vomoneura Bezz. s.str. in this revision these three species
cannot be retained in that genus. Their genital structures, especially the aedea-
gal characters, differ from those of Nomoneura to such an extent that they merit
inclusion in a separate genus which appears to resemble the North African genus
Syllegomydas Beck., to a certain extent in the apically stalked first posterior cell.

Representatives of this new genus agree with the genus Nomoneura Bezz. s.str.,
as redefined in this paper, in the poor development of hairs on the body, especially
in 29; entire absence of hairs on the metanotum and usually also on ptero-
pleuron, and along hind margin of mesopleuron; the distinctly apically stalked

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 247

first posterior cell in the wings; and the often rather elongate, more amphoriform
antennal clubs.

They, however, differ in the following assemblage of characters: the con-
sistently shorter, more shell-like lobes of tergite 9 in §g which are more broadly
rounded posteriorly; the often rather much developed sternite 8 which may
almost cover sternite 9; the usually more callipers-like processes of sternite 9,
curving inwards or touching apically, their dorsal parts more convex, usually
directed more laterally and grooved parts below directed more inwardly and
then directly ventrally; aedeagal apparatus not typically three-pronged (the
three elements directed in the same way) as in Afroleptomydas and Nomoneura,
but in form of a single ventral aedeagal process below the dorsal epimere (the
latter lobe-like or tongue-shaped, and often short) which apically splits into
two divergent, outwardly, or even downwardly, curving phallic tubes, fork-like
or anchor-like (cf. pl. 2, fig. 2 and text-figs 9-13); sternite 9 itself smaller,
smoother, but also vertically carinate below apically and usually slightly
laterally compressed apically; distinctly and relatively shorter vertical carina
on last vertical sclerite above oviscape in 99; hind tibiae usually with longer,
more conspicuous and more numerous spicules, especially on outer sides;
mesonotal part or disc of thorax above in most species more coarsely sculptured
in form of streaks of fine and coarser rugulose sculpture; hind margins of
tergites usually not conspicuously whitish or yellowish whitish (though in some
species of Vomoneura these are also absent) ; discal parts of some of the tergites,
or in some cases entire abdomen above, especially in 99, often ochreous or
yellowish; first posterior cell in wings usually with a longer, more consistent,
apical stalk; usually broader interocular space on vertex; antennal club not
invariably elongated amphoriform, sometimes more elongate-pyriform; post-
vertical spines not always differentiated or distinctly spine-like; and silvery or
pale tomentum wanting or relatively poorly developed or scarcely evident.

From the genus Vomoneuroides it differs in the marked sexual dichroism
and to a certain extent also dimorphism of some of the species; in having no
hairs along hind margin of mesopleuron; different type of aedeagal apparatus
in $3; a usually longer, more consistent, apical stalk to first posterior cell;
usually more numerous spicules on hind tibiae; and in having the disc of thorax
above usually more sculptured.

From the North African Syllegomydas Beck., it may at once be distinguished
by the longer proboscis, the more coarsely sculptured thorax above, less deve-
loped hair, entirely bare metanotum and pteropleuron, more strongly deve-
loped, or more numerous, spicules on hind tibiae, and the different type of
aedeagal structure in gf J.

In their geographical distribution (see Map 2, No. 4) the species of this.
new genus appear to occur only in the south western and western semi-arid
parts of South Africa, more particularly along the coastal belt from Cape Town
northwards to Namaqualand and Bushmanland. They seem to prefer the sandy
and dune-sand type of environment and the sclerophyll-type of scrub covering

248

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

this coastal belt. Another characteristic of this genus is the marked dichroism
exhibited by some of the species; the gg, or sometimes the 99, showing marked
colour differences.

The type-species of this new genus is Midas callosus Wied. (1828).
The known species of this genus may be separated as follows:

1. (a)
(5)
2. (a)
(6)
3- (a)

Pleurae and abdomen, or greater part of it, usually distinctly more shining, the fine
areolar microsculpture less conspicuous, and abdomen, if much dulled by fine leathery
or areolar microsculpture, usually with more reddish or dark reddish hind margins or
with some yellowish or ochreous discally above; apical sensory area of antennal clubs
more obliquely truncate or sloping more conically to terminal tubercle; clypeus more
normally convex, relatively smaller; hind tibiae usually with more numerous spicules
and usually with more numerous ones along outer face; first posterior cell in wings
usually with a longer apical stalk; processes of sternite 9 in known 6 relatively shorter,
less S-curved; epimere of eadeagal apparatus in g¢ usually longer, sometimes as long
as the ventral aedeagal process bearing the phallic tubules ee ae 2

Pleurae and abdomen, or greater part of it, less shining, much euners due to more
conspicuous, fine, areolar microsculpture, and abdomen usually with tergites 1-3 or 4
much duller, even more shagreened in appearance, and entirely black, without any
reddish hind margins or ochreous discally; apical sensory area of antennal clubs dis-
tinctly more sharply or more concavely truncate below terminal tubercle; clypeus either
larger, more prominent, or more markedly convex, protuberant or inflated; hind tibiae
with relatively few spicules, either without any or with only very insignificant ones, or
with much fewer, along outer sides; first posterior cell with a shorter apical stalk or
even angularly subtending directly on costal margin; processes of sternite 9 in known
3¢ relatively longer, more slender, more S-curved; epimere of aedeagal apparatus much
shorter than ventral part bearing the two phallic tubules .. a0 5:0 Set LO

Hind tibiae, with more numerous spicules and with many of these also along their outer
faces, and hind femora often with additional spines (1-5) dorso- or latero-apically; claws
stouter in both sexes and even in 99 more rapidly curved down apically, the pulvilli in
9 not markedly shortened; antennal club more elongate, conical, more club-shaped,
not much inflated or, in profile, bell-shaped and apically usually more obliquely sloping
up to terminal prominence; sides of thorax above without any or with more widely
spaced oblique rugae; abdomen, even if black, without distinct or conspicuous bluish or
violaceous reflections, its integument, apart from the transverse striae or wrinkles
posteriorly in QQ, either finely ‘nadelrissig’ punctate in part or to a variable extent, or
with very fine areolar ie nue the individual setiferous Uae usually more
transverse ae i : : Be A 3

Hind tibiae with deuce or ee ae few er eats: with ie: or none of these
along their outer faces, and hind femora without any dorso- or latero-apical spines;
claws distinctly more slender, relatively longer in ¢¢ and though more rapidly curved
down apically in g¢ than in Q9, less so than in preceding group, the pulvilli in 99
distinctly or markedly shortened; antennal club proportionally shorter, more inflated, in
profile bell-shaped or subpyriform, apically more sharply truncate or subtruncate below
prominence; sides of thorax with more or denser oblique rugae; abdomen either entirely
black or piceous brownish or dark reddish brownish (with darker hind margins),
with distinct or more conspicuous bluish or violaceous reflections, its integument, apart
from the usual transverse striae or wrinkles posteriorly in 99, smoother in both sexes,
more shining, without any distinct microsculpture, the individual setiferous punctures
usually more rounded oe he ” a a4 ae Ba 9

More plump and bulky or stoutish species, with plumper, stouter and proportionally
shorter abdomen, the latter, if orange yellowish or with some orange yellowish, usually so
mainly in f¢, the 2° usually being entirely dark or black; hind margins of tergites not,
or scarcely, reddish; integument of abdomen, especially in 29, more shining, in both
sexes either leathery or with the sculpture transversely striate or ‘nadelrissig’ in part
or on sides of some segments, the individual setiferous punctures being more transverse,

(b

wa

wa

4. (a

(0)

5. (2)

(0)

(5)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 249

the last two segments in 99 being more densely transversely striate; hind femora,
especially in $, more distinctly thickened and apically in both sexes usually with from
1-5 dorso- or latero-apical spines; wings relative to abdomen, much longer .. 4

Relatively more slender species, with more slender abdomen which is more often more
distinctly curved down apically, and middle tergites 2-4 and 5 in f¢ and 2-5 and 6 in 99
infused discally to a variable extent with ochreous yellowish or yellowish brownish,
more broadly so in 99; hind margins of these tergites yellowish reddish or reddish to a
variable extent; integument of abdomen in both sexes less shining, due to very fine
areolar microsculpture, especially on tergites 1-4 or 5, the last two segments in 99
usually more coarsely and more sparsely wrinkled, and individual setiferous punctures,
if any, minute or rounded; hind femora in both sexes less thickened, without any dorso-
or latero-apical spines; wings relative to abdomen much shorter .. i ys 8

Smaller forms, only about 10-15 mm; g¢@ with the abdomen either mainly orange or
ochreous yellowish, or entirely dark or black; wings tinted darker, more smoky brownish,
brownish black to almost black; antennae relatively much shorter, not, or scarcely,
or only a little, longer than width of head across eyes; hairs on abdomen distinctly less
dense, relatively shorter, those on tergites 1 and 2, especially 2, and rest of abdomen and
on venter in gg much shorter and sparser, and in 292 very poorly developed or almost
absent; hairs on femora in §¢ distinctly much shorter; legs in 99 darker or even mainly
blackiie ae ae ne Ne Pa A ot ui Ne He 5

Larger species, about 15:5-21 mm; ¢ with the abdomen yellowish to orange yellowish,
only base being black and posterior part sometimes darkened to a variable extent, that
of 2 more consistently black, rarely infused with yellowish brownish above; wings
yellowish to pale yellowish brownish; antennae relatively longer, much longer than width
of head; hairs on abdomen distinctly denser, longer, especially in g, even on tergite 2,
rest of tergites and on venter, and, though short, also more distinct and denser in 2 on
tergites I-3 or 4; hairs on femora of ¢ distinctly longer and denser; legs in 2 paler,
yellowish oe Be ws a By Ye a5 3 2 partitus (Gerst.)

Thorax above with three broadish streaks of dense, fine or coarser rugulose sculpture,
separated submedially above on each side by a narrower streak of setiferous granules;
wings on the whole darker, more smoky brownish to almost black, especially in 29, with
a greater tendency for base of second submarginal cell to be narrowed; legs in 99 much
darker or mainly black, in gg either mainly dark or yellowish; disc of thorax in 2?
usually entirely black or, if with two reddish submedial streaks, these are obscure or
indistinct ; abdomen, especially in 29, relatively longer, more slender, usually projecting
much beyond wings, the transverse striation tending to be more confined to last two
segments 4 oe ae sic He oe An sit ae a 6
Thorax above dull, mainly smooth, without any rugulose sculpture, the dull streaks also
separated by two submedial streaks of minute setiferous granules; wings distinctly more
brownish than blackish, with base of second submarginal cell more often normally
broad; legs in 2 paler, more consistently brownish; disc of thorax in 9 with two broader,
more conspicuous, reddish, submedial streaks, and sides of thorax sometimes also
reddish; abdomen in 9 at least rather broad and short, not, or scarcely, projecting beyond
wings, the transverse striation tending to be more extensive, extending also across tergite
6 or even sides of 5 .. ae ae aie Be Ba ats © sentipes n.sp.

Abdomen and legs in $3 either mainly orange yellowish to a variable extent, or abdo-
men above infused with piceous or dark reddish brownish to a variable extent, and legs
mainly yellowish brownish; hairs on head in front in 99 very short or minute, entirely
dark, only those below longish and greyish whitish; shortish hairs on abdomen in g¢
slightly longer and denser; last two abdominal segments in 99 more coarsely striate;
anal lobes in gg relatively much longer, each more sharply pointed .. 30 7

Abdomen in both sexes entirely black, and legs in both sexes much darker, the femora
mainly blackish; hairs on head in front in 9 distinctly very much longer, more g-like,
entirely greyish whitish to white; shortish hairs on abdomen in ¢ slightly shorter and
sparser; last two abdominal segments in 9 more closely and densely striate; anal lobes
in g very much shorter, each more rounded apically .. .. & niger (Macq.)

250

7- (a)

8. (a)

9. (a)

(6)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Abdomen and legs in § mainly orange yellowish, that of 9 black though last segment
sometimes shining through piceous brownish; wings smoky brownish in g, darker, more
blackish or black in 9, their apices more contrastingly clearer or whitish; hind margins
of tergite 7 in g and 8 in 2 without any or with finer puncturation discally across; hairs
in streaks on thorax above in ¢ paler, more fulvous or fulvous reddish, and those on
abdomen appearing more yellowish; legs in § stouter, the hind femora slightly thicker;
spines on oviscape in 9 fulvous or reddish .. Ae YF: - 6 Q callosus (Wied.)

Abdomen in g very much darker, almost black, but showing through dark piceous
reddish, and femora darker, more brownish; wings very dark, almost black, in both
sexes, their apices distinctly less contrastingly clearer or whitish; hind margins of tergite 7
in ¢ and 8 in 9 with distinctly coarser puncturation discally across; hairs in streaks on
thorax in g darker, more dark fulvous brownish, and those on abdomen appearing more
blackish; legs in ¢ thinner, the hind femora less thickened; spines on oviscape in 2
distinctly darker ve ok o es me -- 6 Qcallosus var. thorni n.

Legs paler, more yellowish or mainly yellowish, only hind femora above sometimes
brownish to a variable extent; abdomen above duller, in 3 entirely dark or with tergites
2-4 only obscurely infused with reddish brownish discally, in 2 with extensive, con-
spicuous, ochreous yellowish, discal infusions on tergites 2-5 or 6; hind margin of scutel-
lum reddish; thorax above in 9 with a more distinct reddish yellowish infusion on each
side anteriorly, extending backwards as a submedial reddish streak of variable extent;
hairs on head, thorax above, pleurae, abdomen, coxae and femora dark or more brown-
ish in both sexes; hind border and middle of cells in hinder half of wings less contrastingly
clearer os ae Be oe a ste ues 3S Q namaquensis n. sp.

Legs darker, more dark brownish or castaneous brownish, the femora above even more
blackened; abdomen above more shining, in $ with tergites 2-4 discally more extensively
yellowish or yellowish brownish, in 2 with less extensively yellowish discal infusions,
being only evident across hinder parts and narrowly along middle of tergites 2-4; hind
margin of scutellum. darker or black; thorax above in 2 without distinct reddish discal
lines; hairs on head, body, coxae and femora in ¢ entirely whitish, but short and dark
in 2; hind border and middle of cells in hinder half of wings more contrastingly clearer or
hyaline .. Ale oe af .. 6 Qlightfooti n.sp. (= niger Bezz. nec. Macq.)

Abdomen darker, entirely black, with distinct dark bluish reflections; legs on the whole
darker, the femora more castaneous brownish, even darker above, and hind ones thicker;
wings tinted slightly darker, more uniformly brownish, the apex of first posterior cell
less angular; hairs on abdomen in ¢ relatively shorter, less dense .. 3 9 caerulescens n.sp.

Abdomen and to a certain extent pleurae more piceous to reddish brownish with hind
margins of tergites appearing darker, with more violaceous reflections; legs, including
femora, distinctly paler, more yellowish, and hind femora less thickened; wings tinted
paler, more yellowish, the base being even more hyaline, with apex of first posterior cell
tending to be more angular; hairs on abdomen in g relatively longer and denser

3 2 caerulescens var. aridicolus n.

Proboscis very much longer, longer than antennae or thorax, quite 3:2 mm; antennae
more slender, segment 3 longer, the clubs more elongate-pyriform; clypeus longer, more
conical apically above, more brilliantly shining, and with much fewer hairs on it;
pleurae duller, with relatively coarser microsculpture, and with a conspicuous yellowish
whitish, conspicuously whitish-tomented spot or infusion posteriorly; metanotum with
distinctly coarser rugulose sculpture; hairs on head above, relatively longish ones on
thorax, and fine ones at base of abdomen more whitish; wings relatively narrower,
the basal third or less of first basal cell more conspicuously clearer; apex of discoidal
cell stalked; lower vein of anal cell markedly sinuous; hind femora thickened, but with
shorter slender base, less clavate, with darker spines; hind tibiae with a few longish
spicules also along outer face oie dite a ae © pleurostictus n.sp.

Proboscis reduced, very short, stumpy, confined to buccal cavity or scarcely projecting
beyond it; antennae stouter, segment 3 proportionally stouter, slightly shorter, the clubs
distinctly more elongate-trapezoidal ; clypeus shorter, broader, more transversely tumid
or inflated lip-like, with more hairs on it; pleurae more subshining, the microsculpture

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 251

less shagreened, without any tomented pale spot; metanotum with finer sculpture; hairs
on head above, much shorter ones on disc of thorax, on pleurae and base of abdomen
darker; wings relatively broader, the base of first basal cell scarcely or not much less
clearer; apex of third posterior, not discoidal, cell stalked; lower vein of anal cell less
conspicuously sinuate; thickened hind femora with a longer slender basal part, more
clavate, with more reddish spines; hind tibiae without any distinct spicules along outer
faces ah che a ua ae 6 os He -. 3 2 bunochilus n.sp.

Arenomydas callosus (Wied.) n.comb.

Midas callosus Wiedemann, 1828: 580. Wiedemann, 1829: 55, pl. 54, fig. 22.
Cephalocera callosus Westwood, 1841: 55. Gerstaecker, 1868: 80.

Some ¢¢ and 99 in the South African Museum collections agree with
Wiedemann’s description and are to be referred to callosus which, together with
the series of species described below, belong not to Womoneura as was maintained
by Bezzi but to the new genus Arenomydas as defined in this revision. In his paper
on the Mydaidae of South Africa Bezzi (19245: 226) confused an entirely
different species, described farther on, with the callosus of Wiedemann.

The true callosus, as based on the material in the South African Museum,
is here redescribed and is characterized as follows:

Body in § with the front part mainly dark or black and abdomen mainly
yellowish; antennae up to end of segment 3 brownish to dark blackish brown,
the clubs for the greater part orange yellowish, but their apices dark; clypeus
black; pleurae mainly black to blackish brown, the metasternal and often the
posterior episternal parts more yellowish; tergite 1 often broadly darkened
discally; sides of yellowish abdomen from sides of tergite 3 usually infused with
reddish or reddish brownish, which almost occupy entire 6 and 7; venter paler
yellowish, sometimes becoming darker posteriorly; bullae yellowish brownish
to dark brownish, narrowly dark-margined, bean-shaped, but more pointed
towards dorsum, separated by a space narrower than vertical length of a bulla;
apical part of lobes of tergite 9, outer parts of anal lobes and bases of processes of
sternite 9 darkened or blackened to a variable extent; legs, including coxae,
mainly yellowish, though bases of latter darkened to a variable extent, and
apices or apical parts of hind femora, and sometimes extreme bases of hind
tibiae above also obscurely darkened, more brownish.

Body in 2 entirely or mainly dark or black, the apical two-thirds or less of
antennal clubs dark reddish; base of proboscis and palps more reddish brownish ;
two submedial discal streaks on thorax above, becoming fainter posteriorly and
extending broadishly around inner side of humeral tubercles sometimes
obscurely dark reddish to a variable extent; hind margins of tergites 1-3
obscurely dark reddish; bullae yellowish, much smaller than in ¢ and farther
apart; last tergite and sides of 7 also more or less showing through obscurely
reddish; legs mainly dark or blackish brown, the apical parts of coxae, to a
variable extent lower parts of trochanters, and extreme apices of femora,
yellowish brownish, the front and middle tibiae sometimes also more yellowish
brownish, extreme bases of hind ones of the same colour, and all the tarsi also
yellowish brownish.

252 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Integument of middle parts of frons, clypeus, head below, pleurae and sides
of metanotum, and in 9 also greater part of head in front, shining; that of thorax
above duller, with three discal, dull, bare streaks, finely rugulose, the middle
one finer, separated by streaks of fine separated granules or aciculated punctures,
bearing the hairs, the postalar calli and scutellum smoother, more shining;
abdomen above in § more or less shining, but covered with setiferous punctures
and transversely ‘nadelrissig’ on tergites 2 and 3 and to a lesser extent on 4 and
5, and tergite 7, and to a certain extent sides of 6, slightly transversely wrinkled;
abdomen in 2 more shining, with sparse puncturation, especially on tergites
3-8, becoming slightly denser posteriorly as well as on sides, and with tergites
7 and 8 transversely striated, more coarsely on 8; integument of femora,
especially hind ones, rather transversely wrinkled.

Vestiture relatively poorly developed, longer and denser in 3, the 9 almost
bare, with very much shorter and sparser hairs; longish hairs on head, extreme
sides of thorax above, on propleural part, tuft in front of halteres, sides of
tergite 1 and in part on sides of metasternum and hind coxae in § snow whitish;
those at apex of palps in g fulvous reddish; those along two submedial streaks
on thorax above and along inner margin of the white lateral ones in ¢ reddish
fulvous to purplish brownish; shortish decumbent hairs on rest of abdomen
above in g brownish or dark, appearing more brownish or reddish fulvous in
certain lights; hairs on hypopygial parts and last two sternites dark, except for
yellowish ones at apices of anal lobes and some on inner sides apically of pro-
cesses of sternite 9; fine hairs on venter in 3 mainly fulvous reddish as are also
fine ones on coxae.

Vestiture in 2 not only very poorly developed, but to a certain extent also
coloured differently, the sparse short ones on vertex and head in front black and
longish sparse ones on head below and on occiput on sides behind eyes greyish
whitish; short, sparse, decumbent ones along streaks on thorax above dark or
blackish, those along the two submedial streaks however sometimes slightly
dark fulvous brownish; very short and sparse hairs in front of halteres and on
abdomen above dark or black, and longer reversed ones on last two segments
also black; fine, short, sparse ones on coxae fulvous brownish; hairs on legs
shorter than in 3, those on front and middle legs more dark fulvous brownish
and not so yellowish as in g, and those on hind femora mainly dark as in g;
hairs on inner aspect of hind tibiae shorter than in § where they are either
yellowish or dark; spines and spicules on legs reddish in both sexes.

Head with the antennae distinctly longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum) ; segment I comparatively short, about 2-6-3 times length of 2;
segment 3 slightly variable in length, relatively shorter in some 5 than in 99,
but in others longer than in 9, its apical fourth or fifth slightly thickened; club
elongate, also variable in length, relatively and proportionally longer in Q,
more often slightly longer than segment 3, a little less than its basal third in 9
constricted bottle-neck-like, less so in g; proboscis in ¢ usually a little shorter
than vertical length of eye, in 9 as long as, or even a little longer than, this

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 253

length; palps distinct, a little longer than antennal segment 2; postvertical
spines not distinctly differentiated.

Wings tinted smoky brownish, darker and more blackish in 9 and in 9 also
more so anteriorly and along veins in hinder half, with the greater part of first
posterior cell and apex appearing contrastingly clearer or whitish, especially in
Q; veins brownish to dark brownish; second submarginal cell tending to be
much narrowed apically, sometimes even angularly closed or even shortly
stalked on second vein; first posterior cell relatively broad; apex of discoidal
cell shortly stalked; apical stalk of anal cell rather long; knobs of halteres
yellowish brownish to dark brownish above.

Legs stouter in $ than in Q; hind femora in ¢ distinctly thickened, scarcely
so or only very slightly so in 9, armed below with a double row of reddish or
fulvous reddish spines from just before middle and also with some distinct
spines along upper lateral or dorsal part in apical part, more so in g; basal
segment of hind tarsi longer than claw-segment, relatively longer in 9.

Oviscape in 2 armed with 7 or 8 slender, reddish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 obtusangular apically; sternite 8
rather large, often containing and projecting beyond 9; processes (text-fig. 9,
left) of sternite 9 callipers-like, directed inwards, their apices touching or even
slightly crossing, bent downwards apically, slightly depressed or hollowed
above in basal half, slightly more than apical half punctured above and on
sides, the lower surface deeply hollowed out and outer edge of this fairly densely
haired; aedeagal apparatus (text-fig. 9, right) conical, narrowed apically,
there with the ventral aedeagal process ending into two shortish, divergent,
phallic tubules which are longer than the dorsal epimere.

Length of body: about 11-5-13-5 mm (a 9 the longest)

Length of wing: about g-10°5 mm

Distribution: Western Cape Province: Strandfontein in Cape Peninsula
(C. Thorn, November 1960) ; Cape Flats (J. Theron, November 1947); Hope-
field (South African Museum, September 1960).

The species appears to be subject to slight variability. Some 3 from the
Hopefield area have the discal part of tergite 1 darkened to a variable extent.
The 92 from the same locality has two submedial, dark reddish streaks discally
on thorax in anterior half, and the second submarginal cell in specimens from
the same locality tends to be sometimes less markedly narrowed apically than
in the Cape Peninsula specimens.

Arenomydas callosus var. thorni n.

A mainly dark or black, also slightly variable, geographical variety of
callosus merits a separate varietal status on account of the little sexual dichroism
that exists between 3 and Q. It differs from the more typical form ang its
aberrations in the following respects:

Body in 3 mainly dark, though the abdomen is infused with obscure dark
piceous reddish, and legs in J also slightly darker or with at least the coxae dark

254 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

and femora slightly more brownish than yellowish.

Body in 8 coloured as in typical 9, entirely black, though last abdominal
segment is also entirely black, not showing through piceous brownish or reddish ;
spines on oviscape darker, blackish brown to black.

Integument of the head and body with the same parts shining, the sculpture
on thorax above, and puncturation and striation on abdomen, similar to those
of the more typical jg and 99, though hind margins of tergite 7 in g and 8 in
© with apparently more and coarser puncturation discally across.

Vestiture very similar, but hairs in streaks’on disc of thorax in ¢ darker
brownish fulvous, and hairs on abdomen darker, appearing more blackish;
hairs on legs in very similar, in ¢ slightly less dense and on the whole darker.

Fic. 9. Hypopygial structures of 3: Arenomydas callosus (Wied.)

Left: Dorsal view of dorsal anal lobes, lobes of tergite g and calliper-
like processes of sternite 9g.
Right: Oblique side view of isolated aedeagal apparatus, showing the
two phallic tubes and shortish dorsal epimere.

Head with the antennae variable in length, usually longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum) in 3, but in 2 definitely shorter; segment 1 relatively
shorter than in typical form, more consistently only about 2-5 times length of
segment 2; segment 3 variable as in typical form, shorter than club; the latter
similar; proboscis either as long as, or a little shorter, or a little longer than,
vertical length of eye.

Wings very dark, tinted blackish in both sexes as in 9 callosus s.str., but apex
distinctly much less contrastingly whitish; venational characters the same.

Legs in § distinctly less stoutish, thinner, in 9 similar to typical form; hind
femora in § comparatively less thickened.

Oviscape of 2 with 8-9 darker spines on a side.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 255

HAypopygium of 3 identical, differing only in being darker.
From 1 ¢ and 3 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 11-16-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9-10°5 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Ysterfontein near Saldanha Bay (South Afri-
can Museum, September 1960) (2 holotype and ¢ allotype in copulation and
2 2 paratypes).
Named after the late Mr. C. Thorn of the South African Museum who
collected it first at the Ysterfontein camping site.

Arenomydas niger (Macq.) n.comb.

Cephalocera nigra Macquart, 1838: 14, pl. 1, fig. 3.

There is no doubt that a 9 specimen in the South African Museum from
the Saldanha Bay area belongs to this species which Macquart described from a
Q specimen in 1838. It agrees with his very short diagnostic statement and the

Fic. 10
Left: Dorsal view of right process of sternite 9 of 3
Arenomydas niger (Macq.) and also smallish right lobe
of tergite 9.
Right: Dorso-inner view of left antenna of 9 Areno-
mydas niger (Macq.).

illustration given, especially as regards the longish white hairs on the clypeus
which he also figures in profile and which are not common in 99 of this genus.
From the above-mentioned @ it is also evident that Bezzi misidentified this
species and confused it with two 3 specimens of an entirely different species
from Bushmanland (Bezzi 19245: 226) which I am redescribing as another
and new species of Arenomydas farther on. From the same locality as that of the
2 specimen there is also a 9 specimen which I take to be the as yet undescribed
3 of niger. A comparison of the ¢ specimen of this species and also of a 2 of
callosus (Wied.) with Macquart’s 9 type and some notes on the latter, very
kindly supplied by Dr. L. Tsacas of the National Museum in Paris, where the
type specimen is housed, corroborate my supposition that this species is the
nigra (niger) s.str. of Macquart. Macquart’s comparison of his nigra with longi-
corms (an error in transcription for longirostris, mentioned on the previous page
13) is, however, entirely unjustified because his Cephalocara longirostris is not a
Cephalocera but a species of Ectyphus (see under Ectyphus pinguis Gerst.).

Both the J and @ specimens mentioned above are almost indistinguishable
superficially from the variety thorni of callosus. They however differ from the
latter in the following respects:

256 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Body in § entirely black, the abdomen also entirely black, and the legs very
much darker, even tibiae darker; body in 9 also entirely black, and tibiae also
darker than in Q callosus var. thornt.

Integument in both sexes with the same parts shining, but abdomen in ¢
above more sparsely punctured, distinctly less densely ‘nadelrissig’, and last
two tergites distinctly less transversely wrinkled; integument of thorax above
as in callosus; that of abdomen in 2 above even more sparsely punctured, the
last two tergites distinctly more finely and more densely transversely striate,
and with fewer or less dense puncturation across hind margin of last tergite.

Vestiture with the hairs in ¢ very similar to those of var. thorni, but fine
ones on abdomen relatively sparser and slightly shorter; hairs on head in 9
distinctly much longer, mainly pale, less dark, and those on clypeus markedly
longer, denser and whitish as stated by Macquart, in this respect differing from
most other 99 of this genus; rest of hairs on body similar, but reversed dark
ones on last two abdominal segments comparatively shorter; hairs on legs in
both sexes similar and similarly coloured.

Head with the antennae (text-fig. 10, right) relatively shorter, but also
longer than thorax, and with the segments having more or less the same pro-
portions, but 3 only a little, or scarcely, shorter than club; latter relatively more
slender, slightly more conspicuously broadly yellowish across its middle; pro-
boscis relatively shorter, slightly shorter than vertical length of eye.

Wings on the whole more darkly tinted, almost blackish, due to more
distinct fuscous borders along veins in hinder half; veins darker, usually more
blackish; other venational characters the same.

Legs very similar and also armed with reddish spines and spicules which are
similarly arranged; basal segment of hind tarsi comparatively shorter (the tar-
sus itself relatively shorter), though also longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape of 2 with fewer, only about 6 or 7, more reddish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the anal lobes relatively shorter and broader, their
apical margins together more rounded, less indented, each lobe being more
rounded, less pointed; other hypopygial structures very similar to those of
6 callosus, but the processes (text-fig. 10, left) more rounded apically.

Length of body: about 10-25-11 mm
Length of wing: about 8-5 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Ysterfontein near Saldanha Bay (South
African Museum, September 1960) among the endemic sclerophyll-type of
vegetation occurring there near the sea coast.

Arenomydas sentipes n.sp.

A smallish, rather plump, dark species belonging to the callosus section,
but unfortunately represented by 992 only in the South African Museum
collections. It is characterized as follows:

Body with the abdomen rather broadish; colour mainly or almost entirely

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 257

dark or black, though the vertex and frons on each side, clypeus, proboscis
below, humeral tubercles, postalar calli, pleural parts, and sometimes the
abdomen above, and usually base of venter, reddish brownish or piceous
brownish to a variable extent, occasionally body may be mainly brownish or
piceous brownish; antennae usually dark reddish brownish, the clubs usually
orange yellowish towards apices or in apical halves, or sometimes entirely so;
an infusion on thorax anteriorly on inner side of humeral tubercles, extending
backwards to a variable extent as a submedial streak more consistently yellowish
or reddish, and in pale specimens sides of thorax similarly coloured; hind margin
of tergite 1 usually reddish brownish and in specimens with more piceous or
brownish abdomen hind borders of tergites are dark or black; bullae variable,
dark reddish brownish to orange yellowish, black margined, usually smallish
and widely separated; legs brownish to reddish brownish, more yellowish in
more brownish specimens, the apices of femora above, especially hind ones,
darkened, and the tibiae, especially front and middle ones and tarsi, usually
paler, more yellowish.

Integument of middle parts of frons, clypeus, pleural parts, coxae and abdo-
men shining; that of tergites 3 and*4 on sides and more so on 5-8 discally
transversely ‘nadelrissig’, becoming coarser and denser, more striate on last
two segments, especially last one; integument of disc of thorax above dull, but
unlike that of callosus and other species of Arenomydas, not rugulose, but unsculp-
tured dull, the metanotum however more transversely rugulose.

Vestiture poorly and sparsely developed, that on head short and sparse,
except on head below and in occipital hollow; shortish and sparse ones on head
in front yellowish to brownish, the longish, somewhat sparse ones on head
below and those on head behind, and sparse ones on propleural tubercles,
greyish whitish; shortish, decumbent hairs on sides of thorax above and in
discal streaks fulvous brownish; fine, short, scarcely perceptible ones on pleurae
and on sides of tergite 1 also yellowish brownish; abdomen above with scarcely
any short hairs, but more distinct reversed ones on last two segments also fulvous
brownish, ; hairs on legs fulvous brownish, short and sparse, more so on coxae,
and those on tibiae longer and denser, especially along inner lower parts;
spines and spicules on legs fulvous to fulvous reddish.

Head with the antennae usually shorter, or much shorter, than thorax;
segment I short, about 2-2-5 times length of 2; segment 3 slightly, but distinctly,
thickened apically; club elongate, subspindle-shaped, narrowed apically and
constricted at base, much longer than segment 3; proboscis shortish, its labella
relatively small, the proboscis either slightly shorter than, as long as, or slightly
longer than, vertical length of eye; palps distinct, a little longer than antennal
segment 2, golden-haired.

Wings tinted greyish yellowish to faintly brownish, more brownish along
veins, especially in anterior half, the apex and hinder half clearer; veins
yellowish brownish; first posterior cell rather arched outwards; base of second
submarginal cell tending to be more consistently acute or angular; apex of

258 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

discoidal cell shortly stalked; squamal margin yellowish brownish to brownish;
halteres dark brownish to almost black.
Legs with the hind femora (text-fig. 11, left) slightly thickened, armed with
a double row of spines below from just before, or at about, the middle and
invariably with some (2-5) distinct spines on outer apical aspect; tibiae curved,
and hind ones armed with rather numerous, longish and conspicuous spicules
along outer and lower parts (as in callosus), the apical ones rather long and
bristle-like; tarsi rather shortish, the basal segment of hind ones distinctly longer
than claw-segment.
Oviscape with 8-11 slender, fulvous spines on a side.
From 10 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 10-12 mm
Length of wing: about 8-10 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Between Leipoldtville and Elands Bay
(Museum Expedition, October 1947) (holotype and paratypes).

Fic. 11

Left: Outer side of left hind leg of a 9 of
Arenomydas sentipes n.sp. to show spines on
femur and rather numerous spicules on
tibia.
Right: Dorsal view of right antenna of
Arenomydas partitus (Gerst.).

This species, unlike other species of Arenomydas, visits flowers and most of
the specimens were taken on the flowers of the Hottentot’s fig (Carpobrotus
edulis) and the sour fig (Carpobrotus acinaciformis).

Arenompdas partitus (Gerst.) n.comb.
Cephalocera partita Gerstaecker, 1868: 8o.
Nomoneura partita Bezzi, 19245: 226.

This fairly large and striking sexually dichroic, but variable, species was
originally described from a ¢ specimen by Gerstaecker. Since then it remained
unrecorded, and Bezzi who referred it to his new genus Nomoneura did not see
this species. A long series of both gg and 9° in the South African Museum
collections enable me to redescribe it and to include the as yet undescribed and
mainly dark or black 2. As stated by Gerstaecker it resembles callosus super-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 259

ficially, but the differences are evident in the following redescription:

Body in § usually with the head, thorax, scutellum, metanotum, tergite 1

and greater part, or entire, coxae black, and greater part or entire abdomen

_or at least its middle part, as well as the greater part of antennae and the legs,
orange yellowish, but the last few abdominal segments (6 and 7 or 5—7 or
sometimes even apical half 4—7) darkened to a variable extent or even black, or
only so on sides, in some specimens; antennal segment 1 and sometimes base
of 2, junction between 3 and club, and apical part of latter usually darkened to
a variable extent; clypeus in some g¢ yellowish on sides to a variable extent;
base and rest of proboscis below yellowish reddish to a variable extent; hind
margin of scutellum often obscurely reddish; bullae shining reddish brownish
to shining blackish brown or even black, pointed above and below, separated
above by a variable space, as wide as, or narrower, or slightly wider than,
vertical length of a bulla.

Body in 2 entirely or mainly dark or black, rarely mainly dark reddish
brownish, though occasionally with the middle segments of abdomen (tergites
3-5 or apical part of 2 and 3-6 or even 7) discally yellowish or yellowish
brownish to a variable extent; tergite 8 apically and laterally, or sometimes
entirely, often reddish brownish or yellowish brownish to a variable extent
even if rest of abdomen is entirely black; antennae as in §; proboscis more
extensively yellowish below; an infusion anteriorly on inner sides of humeral
tubercles, sides of thorax anteriorly and two submedial, abbreviated, discal
streaks and postalar calli sometimes reddish to a variable extent, and sides of
metanotum occasionally obscurely infused with reddish; bullae reddish
brownish to black, more widely separated than in § and usually smaller; legs
mainly yellowish as in ¢.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, greater part of pleurae, postalar
calli, and abdomen from tergite 2 in both sexes more or less shining, especially
on head, pleurae, junction between tergites 1 and 2 and sides of abdomen, and
usually with tergites 5 to apex, especially in 9, more shining than rest of tergites
above; integument of 2 with feeble bluish reflections in certain lights; integu-
ment of thorax above in both sexes dulled by a broad central and two lateral
streaks of fine, rugulose sculpture, separated submedially on each side by a
streak of setiferous granules, and extreme sides of thorax smoother in 9, but in
§ with numerous setiferous granules, and in both sexes with oblique rugae
opposite wings; integument of scutellum and metanotum also rugulose, and
that of tergite 1 transversely, finely and irregularly ‘nadelrissig’? and sparsely
punctured; integument of rest of abdomen in J transversely, finely ‘nadelrissig’
and punctured, finer on tergites 2 and 3, coarser or more widely spaced on 4. and
5, becoming coarser, almost transversely wrinkled posteriorly, the abdomen in
2 sparsely punctured, more so on tergites 4 and 5, and posteriorly coarsely
transversely striate.

Vestiture relatively poorly developed, as in callosus, the 2 almost bare, with
very much shorter hairs than in 3; fairly dense and longish ones in J on head,

260 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

in front of halteres, across hind margin of metasternum, on sides of hind coxae
basally, on tergite 1 (especially sides), on basal part of venter, and shorter
ones on sides of tergites 2 and 3, whitish; shortish ones on streaks and on sides
of thorax in g also whitish, or becoming slightly more yellowish or even slightly
more fulvous beyond middle; fine hairs on abdomen in ¢ on disc of tergite 2
and rest of tergites yellowish, becoming more fulvous and slightly longer
posteriorly, and those on last 4 sternites also more fulvous; hairs in 9 short and
sparse on head and even shorter on rest of body, those on head mainly dark,
fulvous brownish, but longish ones on head below paler, greyish or greyish
whitish; short, decumbent ones in streaks on thorax and even shorter and
sparser ones on pleurae and tergite 1 in 2 fulvous brownish; very short and
sparse ones on middle parts of abdomen dark, and longer reversed ones on last
two segments blackish brown to black; hairs on legs longer and denser in J,
paler in g, more yellowish whitish to sericeous yellowish, slightly deeper
yellowish to fulvous brownish in 9, those towards apices of coxae in ¢ and on
greater part of coxae in 2 fulvous; longish hairs on inner sides of hind tibiae in
both sexes (longer in §) appearing darker; spines and spicules on legs fulvous
reddish.

Head with the antennae (cf. text-fig. 11, right) relatively long, much longer
than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 1 relatively short, slightly
thickened, more so in J, about 2-3 times as long as 2; segment 3 long, its
apical fourth, or more or less, slightly thickened; club elongate, about as long as,
or often slightly longer than, segment 3, its basal part narrowed bottle-neck
like; proboscis relatively slender, much longer than vertical length of eye, but
shorter than thorax, its labella smallish; palps distinct, longer than antennal
segment 2.

Wings tinted yellowish brownish, usually more darkly so in 9 and infusions
along veins in Q, especially in hinder half, also more evident; veins yellowish,
deeper so or more reddish in front half; appendix at base of second submarginal
cell rather long; first posterior cell broadish, usually broader than hind border
at about its middle; apex of discoidal cell more consistently shortly stalked;
apical stalk of anal cell longish; hind margin of squamae yellowish brownish to
brown; halteres yellowish brownish, often darker in 9.

Legs with the hind femora slightly thickened, slightly more so in g, armed
below with a double row of reddish spines on tubercles from just before middle,
and with 1 or 2, or a few, spines also on dorso-lateral or dorsal aspect in apical
parts; hind tibiae relatively stoutish, often slightly curved, armed with rather
numerous spicules both below and laterally; basal segment of hind tarsi longer
than claw-segment, more so in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with about 8-10 reddish, rather sharp-pointed, spines on a
side.

Hypopygium of 3 (pl. 2, fig. 2) much like that of callosus (cf. text-fig. 9), with
the anal lobes rather narrowish and relatively short, the combined hind margin
of the two together indented or bifid; sternite 8 also rather large, covering or

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 261

almost covering 9; lobes of tergite 9 shortish, bluntly rounded, with rather
longish, bristle-like hairs in punctures; sternite 9 slightly compressed, slightly
keeled medially posteriorly, smoothish, but with some punctures dorso-laterally,
its processes, as in case of callosus, blunt apically, hollowed below, with stiffish
brush-like hairs below, each process directed inwards, touching apically, but
their apices slightly divergent, pointing downwards and punctured above;
aedeagal apparatus with the ventrally situated aedeagus itself bifid apically,
ending into the two phallic tubes, each curving outwards, and the dorsal epi-
mere tongue-shaped.

Length of body: about 15-5-21 mm

Length of wing: about 11-15°5 mm

Distribution: Namaqualand: Klipvlei near Garies (Museum staff, Novem-

ber 1931).

Arenomydas namaquensis n.sp.
Nomoneura callosa Bezzi (nec Wiedemann), 1924): 226. (n.syn.)

As was stated under callosus, Bezzi mistook some specimens in the South
African Museum for the real callosus of Wiedemann, a species of which he had
no representatives at the time and therefore failed to recognize, but which is
easily recognizable from Wiedemann’s description and which cannot be con-
fused with the above-mentioned specimens. The latter belong to an entirely
different species which I am referring here to a separate and new species which
obviously belongs to the new genus Arenomydas and which is characterized as
follows:

Body mainly dark or black, but the head above, frons and face in 9, the
pleurae to a variable extent in both sexes, the darker parts of abdomen in 9
and to a variable and obscure extent segments 2-4 of abdomen in 3 more dark
reddish brownish to reddish; antennae mainly reddish brownish to dark reddish
brownish, the clubs more orange yellowish; clypeus reddish to reddish brown-
ish; proboscis also mainly reddish brownish; humeral tubercles, especially in 9,
reddish; an infusion on inner sides of humeral tubercles, extending discally on
thorax as a submedial streak on each side to beyond middle in 9 and to a lesser
extent sides of thorax, reddish; postalar calli and hind margin of scutellum, as
well as to a variable extent sides of metanotum, reddish in both sexes; broad
discal parts of tergites 2-5 or 6 in @ strikingly orange yellowish, the last three
tergites in some 99 reddish like sides and venter; hind margins of tergites 1-4
in g and 1-5 in 2 appearing reddish, and the rest darker reddish; middle
tergites of abdomen above in 3 sometimes with an indication of a faint and
obscure central yellowish line; bullae narrowish, yellowish reddish; hypopygium
of 3 mainly yellowish; last segment in 9 sometimes paler reddish than rest of
darker red on abdomen; legs, except coxae, mainly yellowish brownish, the
hind femora somewhat darkened along upper and inner upper aspect.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, much of pleurae, narrow
anterior margin of tergite 1, depression between 1 and 2 in both sexes shining;

262 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

that of abdomen, especially in 3, with very fine areolar microsculpture, but
sides of abdomen, last two or three segments, and venter in 9 however also more
or less shining, and last three segments in ¢ also somewhat shining, the rest
being dulled by the fine microsculpture; integument of thorax above dull, due
to fine rugulose sculpture in three broadish streaks, separated submedially
on each side by a narrower streak of setiferous granules and coarser rugae
posteriorly, the sides of thorax smoother, with more widely separated oblique
rugae; tergite 1 rather markedly depressed medially and, in Q, last two seg-
ments somewhat transversely wrinkled; integument of legs dull.

Vestiture poorly developed, even in J; longish hairs on head in front in ¢
and shorter and sparser ones in 2 reddish brownish; short ones in streaks on
thorax above more fulvous to fulvous brownish; sparse, longish ones on pro-
pleural knob, and short, sparse, scarcely discernible ones in front of halteres
and sides of tergite 1 also fulvous brownish, shorter in Q; fine and short hairs
on rest of tergite 1 dark or brownish, sparser in Q; rest of fine ones on abdomen
in g also fulvous brownish, sparser, but becoming longer on last three segments
and hypopygium, almost absent on segments 4—6 in 9, but longer and darker,
more chocolate brownish on last two segments and genital segments; hairs
on legs short, sparse and dark, slightly paler reddish or fulvous on tibiae; spines
and spicules on legs reddish to reddish fulvous.

Head with the antennae rather long, very much longer than thorax
(excluding scutellum); segment 1 about 2-5-2-8 times length of 2; segment
3 elongate, only slightly thickened apically; club (text-fig. 12, left) elongate and
together with articulating segment-like junction scarcely shorter than, or
about as long as, 3 and with less than its basal fourth constricted, also slightly
narrowed beyond middle before broadened apical part; proboscis slender,
shorter than thorax, but slightly longer than vertical length of eye; palps
distinctly longer than antennal segment 2.

Wings tinted yellowish brownish, darker and more brownish in 9, the apex
and hind border in both sexes slightly clearer; veins reddish brownish, more
yellowish in hinder half; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; hind margin of
squamae brownish; halteres reddish brownish to dark brownish.

Legs with the hind ones rather long; hind femora slightly, but distinctly,
thickened, armed below with a double row of spines from just before middle,
without any spines on sides above apically; front and middle tibiae rather
curved, more so in 3, the hind ones curved beyond middle; basal segment of
hind tarsi distinctly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with about 9g or ro fulvous reddish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (cf text-fig. 12, middle) with the anal lobes shortish, their
combined apical margin rather deeply and angularly indented; lobes of tergite 9
broadly and truncately rounded, apically mainly smooth; sternite 9 relatively
large, smooth, keeled centrally posteriorly, its processes mainly smooth, some-
what flattened or slightly depressed above.

From 2 gg and 2 99 in the South African Museum.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 263

Length of body: about 13-:35 mm
Length of wing: about 9-11 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Springbok (Lightfoot, October 1890) (2
holotype and ¢ allotype); Springbok (Lightfoot, November 1890) (3 para-
type) ; Okiep (Lightfoot, September 1890) (2 paratype).

Fic. 12

Left: Inner view of right antennal club of 2 Arenomydas namaquensis n.sp.

Middle: Side view of hypopygium of 3 Arenomydas namaquensis n.sp., showing the anal lobes,

somewhat truncated lobes of tergite 9, sternite 9 and its processes, lower (posterior) process of

aedeagal apparatus ending in two slightly divergent phallic tubes and the epimere (in dotted
outline).

Right (above): Inner view of right antennal club of 9 Arenomydas lightfooti, n.sp.
Right (below): Isolated right lobe of tergite 9 of § Avenomydas lightfooti n.sp.

Arenomydas lightfooti n.sp.

Nomoneura nigra Bezzi (nec Macquart), 19245: 226. (n.syn.)

As was stated under Arenomydas niger two 3 specimens from Bushmanland
in the South African Museum collections were referred to, and partly described,
as the Cephalocera nigra of Macquart by Bezzi. As these $4, together with a 2
specimen (not seen by Bezzi), cannot be made to agree with Macquart’s
diagnostic remarks and illustrations of nigra s.str. and as I have been able to
identify the latter from more recently collected material, these gg and 2 must
be referred to a separate and new species which also comes under the new genus
Arenomydas. It resembles the preceding species namaquensis, but is characterized
as follows:

Body also mainly dark or dark blackish brown, but with the broad hinder
discal parts of tergites 2-4 in both sexes to a variable extent, or sometimes in
3 with entire discal parts of these tergites, orange yellowish or ochreous yellowish
as in 2 of namaquensis; abdomen posteriorly in 9 very dark reddish brownish;
vertex on each side, clypeus, especially in 9, head below, proboscis below,
humeral tubercles in 9 and an infusion on anterior part of thorax above on

264 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

inner sides of humeral tubercles in 9 as well as an obscure and abbreviated
submedial streak on each side in 9, postalar calli, especially in 9, hinder parts
of pleurae to a variable extent, extreme sides of tergite 1 and hind margins of
1-6 to a variable extent dark reddish; antennae mainly yellowish brownish to
reddish brownish, the clubs more yellowish or orange yellowish; bullae reddish
to dark reddish brownish to almost black, rather small and narrowish in both
sexes, very broadly separated in 2; venter more yellowish up to end of sternite
4 in g and 3 in 9; hypopygial structures reddish brownish, sternite 9 paler, with
more yellowish; legs mainly reddish brownish, the femora darker above and the
tibiae and tarsi somewhat paler reddish or yellowish reddish.

Integument of middle part of head in front, clypeus, greater part of pleurae,
junction between tergites 1 and 2, more especially last three segments of abdo-
men in dg, and last four in 9, more or less shining; integument of thorax above
rugulose, finer in a broadish streak along sides (not extreme sides) and along
middle as in namaquensis; integument of abdomen very finely areolar-micro-
sculptured, and in 9 last two segments obscurely transversely wrinkled; femora
also shallowly transversely annulate.

Vestiture slightly longer and denser than in namaquensis, the hairs on head,
pleurae and sides of tergite 1 being slightly longer and denser; hairs on these
sites sparser and shorter in 9 than in g; those on head, thorax, pleurae and
greater part of abdomen in ¢ whitish, those from tergite 3 to apex sparse;
hairs on these sites in 2 more fulvous brownish to brown, but almost absent on
tergites 3-6; reversed hairs on last two segments in 9 blackish brownish; hairs
on hypopygium fulvous brownish; those on legs sparse and short in both sexes,
paler or whitish in 3, more yellowish brownish or brown in 9; spines and
spicules on legs fulvous yellowish.

Head with the antennae proportionally thorter, though also much longer
than thorax; segment 1 relatively short, scarcely thickened, about 2:2-2-4
times length of 2; segment 3 slender, proportionally shorter than in namaquensis,
apically only slightly thickened, slightly longer than club itself, but slightly
shorter than club plus articulating part; club (text-fig. 12, top right) rather
thickened knob-like beyond middle, more rapidly so than in namaquensis, its
base constricted; proboscis slender, slightly longer than thorax (excluding
scutellum) ; palps distinct, quite as, or nearly as, long as antennal segment 1.

Wings relatively shortish and broad, more so than in namaquensis,
tinted brownish, slightly darker in 9 and in hinder half more evident as infu-
sions along the veins, the cells in this part appearing clearer in middle and
apex and hind border also much clearer; veins brownish to dark reddish
brownish; apex of first posterior cell rather angularly narrowed, much more so
than in namaquensis; apex of discoidal cell very shortly stalked or sometimes
meeting third posterior cell at a point; halteres dark brownish.

Legs relatively shorter than in namaquensis, with the hind femora slightly
clavately thickened, armed below with a double row of spines on tubercles
from just before middle, without any dorso-apical or latero-apical ones; tarsi

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 265

rather shortish; basal segment of hind tarsi much longer than claw-segment;
apices of claws more rapidly curved down in ¢ than in 9, more obviously so than
in namaquensis.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 slender fulvous spines on a side.

Hypopygium of $ very much like that of namaquensis (cf. text-fig. 12, middle),
but anal lobes relatively narrower, the lobes of tergite 9g more rounded apically,
not so truncately rounded (cf text-fig. 12, right below) ; the other structures very
similar.

Length of body: about 11-15 mm
Length of wing: about 7-5-10 mm

Distribution: Bushmanland: Jackals Water (Jakkalswater) (Lightfoot,

October 1911) (types and paratype).

Arenomydas caerulescens n.sp.

This mainly black species with slight bluish reflections and with inflated,
subpyriform antennal clubs is characterized as follows:

Body almost entirely very dark or black, the vertex and frons on each side,
pleurae, and to a variable extent abdomen above in 2 sometimes obscurely
dark piceous brownish or very dark reddish brownish; antennae blackish
brown, sometimes more brownish or yellowish brownish in 9, the clubs in both
sexes orange yellowish; an infusion on thorax anteriorly on inner sides of
humeral tubercles in 2 sometimes reddish brownish and extending posteriorly
streak-like on each side for a short distance; postalar calli and sometimes hind
margin of scutellum in 2 sometimes obscurely piceous; hind margins of tergites
obscurely dark reddish or reddish brownish to a variable extent, more so
discally in some specimens; bullae relatively long and narrow, shining black;
venter entirely dark, but hind margins of sternites usually slightly paler; apices
of lobes of tergite 9 and apical halves of processes of sternite 9, and sometimes
sternite g, in g yellowish to a variable extent.

Integument of middle part of frons and clypeus shining, and that of pleurae
and abdomen also shining, but with distinct, dark bluish reflections, in 9 some-
times more violaceous; integument of sides of frons more rugulosely striate than
in other species; that of thorax above finely and densely rugulose in three
broadish streaks, separated submedially on each side by a narrower streak of
coarser rugae and without any distinct setiferous granules, the sides of thorax
with denser, or at least more, oblique rugae than in other species; integument of
coxae shining, that of femora transversely wrinkled.

Vestiture with the hairs dense only on head, shorter in 9; those on rest of
body relatively poorly developed as in other species belonging to this new genus;
hairs on head greyish whitish in both sexes; shortish ones along two submedial
streaks and on sides of thorax, those on pleurae and sides of tergite 1 also greyish
whitish in both sexes, but much shorter and sparser in 9; sparse hairs on rest of
abdomen in ¢ also greyish, becoming more greyish yellowish to yellowish
posteriorly; abdomen in almost bare, only reversed hairs on last two segments

266 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

distinct, brownish or fulvous brownish; hairs on hypopygium of g more
yellowish or fulvous like those on lobes below oviscape in 9; hairs on legs short
and sparse in both sexes, very sparse on coxae, longish ones only along inner
lower parts of hind tibiae in g, with all the hairs on legs greyish yellowish to
sericeous yellowish; spines and spicules on legs fulvous yellowish to reddish.

Head with the antennae distinctly shorter than thorax (excluding scutel-
lum); segment 1 short, about 2-2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 relatively
short, slightly thickened apically, shorter than following articulation plus club,
subequal in length to or even shorter than club alone; the latter inflated,
subpyriform, nearly or about half as thick at broadest part as long, its base
constricted bottle-neck-like; proboscis stoutish, usually longer than vertical
length of eye, but sometimes subequal in length to it; palps distinct, longer than
antennal segment 2.

Wings tinted brownish in both sexes, but tending to be darker in some $4,
sometimes becoming clearer or more milky whitish apically and along hinder
half and in anal and axillary cells; veins yellowish brownish, more brownish
anteriorly; first posterior cell rather broadish, at broadest part usually broader
than hind border; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; axillary lobe markedly
broad, relatively broader than in namaquensis and lightfoottz; squamal margin
whitish; halteres dark brownish.

Legs with the hind femora slightly clavately thickened, scarcely less so in 9
than in 3, armed below with a double row of spines on slight tubercles from
just before middle, without any dorso- or latero-apical ones; hind tibiae rather
stoutish; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly very much longer than claw-
segment; claws, especially hind ones, longer in § and more rapidly curved down
apically than in 9, and pulvilli in latter reduced, slightly shorter.

Oviscape in 2 with 8 or g fulvous reddish spines on a side.

Aypopygium of 3 not differing much from those of the preceding two species.

From 4 g¢ and 4 99 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 11-14°5 mm (21°5 mm in 1 large Q).
Length of wing: about 8-11-5 mm (14 mm in 1 large Q).

Distribution: Western Cape: Papendorp, mouth of Olifants River (Museum
Expedition, October 1950) (¢ holotype, 9 allotype and paratypes). Namaqua-
land: Droérivier between Van Rhynsdorp and Nieuwoudtville (Museum
Expedition, 30th September 1966) (1g and 19 paratypes).

Arenompdas caerulescens var. aridicolus n.

Two specimens, a ¢ and a Q, in the South African Museum collections
appear to represent a distinct, more xerophilous variety of caerulescens and which
differs from the typical form in the following respects:

Body with the pleural parts, abdomen, and in Q also clypeus and to a certain
extent sides of frons, more reddish brownish; two submedial, discal, reddish
streaks in 2 more distinct; legs with femora, tibiae, and tarsi entirely yellowish,
the hind femora slightly less, or scarcely, thickened, and with apparently fewer

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 267

spines below; hypopygium of 3 more extensively yellowish, the entire lobes of
tergite 9 and processes of sternite 9 being yellowish.

Integument of abdomen with less distinct bluish reflections, being more
violaceous.

Vestiture very similar, similarly coloured, but hairs on abdomen in
apparently slightly longer and denser; those on tibiae in g, especially along
outer lower parts of front and middle ones, denser.

Head with the antennae very similar, only a little longer than thorax, but
segment I proportionally shorter, only about twice length of 2; segment 3
proportionally slightly longer; club itself subequal in length to segment 3,
appearing shorter, more pyriform, not longer than segment 3 as in typical form;
proboscis relatively more slender, but in § specimen quite shorter than vertical
length of eye.

Wings tinted slightly paler, more yellowish; veins, especially in anterior
half, also paler; apex of first posterior cell in the two specimens slightly more
angularly acute.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lobes of tergite 9 apparently slightly more broadly
subtruncately rounded apically.

Length of body: about 12-15-5 mm
Length of wing: about 8-11-5 mm

Distribution: Knersvlakte in southern Namaqualand (Museum staff, Octo-

ber 1959) (Q holotype) and Museum Expedition, October 1950 (¢ allotype).

Arenomydas bunochilus n.sp.

A remarkable, entirely dark or black, though slightly variable, Karoo
species; with very short, reduced proboscis and rather prominent, inflated or
tumid clypeus, and which, if some of the other aberrant characters are also
taken in consideration in which it differs from all the other known species of
Arenomydas, may almost be referred to a special group or even subgenus of
the latter genus. It is characterized as follows:

Body, including legs, usually entirely black, though in one ¢ specimen it is
mainly dark brownish; antennae and clypeus in 9 sometimes also brownish;
knees more reddish brownish, and tarsi paler brownish; bullae reddish brown-
ish, relatively small and narrowish in both sexes, more or less carinate along the
vertical length, very widely separated in both sexes.

Integument of middle part of frons, clypeus, extreme base of tergite 1, trans-
verse depression between tergites 1 and 2, anterior part of pleurae, to a certain
extent posterior episternal and metasternal parts, coxae and, in 9, last two
abdominal segments, more shining than rest of surface; integument of almost
entire body, scutellum, metanotum, pleurae, abdomen, coxae, femora and
tibiae with very fine areolar microsculpture, rendering most of these parts,
apart from the more evident and coarser sculpture on some of them, duller than
in most other species; integument of thorax above more extensively dulled by
dense rugulose sculpture, more or less in streaks of fine and coarser sculpture,

268 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

and with the sides, unlike those of the other species, also densely covered with
rugulose sculpture; the more shiny last two abdominal segments in 9 trans-
versely wrinkled as in most other forms, and last one more coarsely so.

Vestiture even in 3, rather poorly developed, being sparser on head than
in other species, and that on disc of thorax also relatively shorter, and hairs on
legs sparser; the longer, more conspicuous hairs on head and propleurae dark
brownish to almost black in both sexes; short, decumbent ones in streaks on
thorax above slightly more fulvous brownish; rest of sparse hairs on metapleurae
and short, scarcely discernible, ones on metasternal part and sides of tergite
1 in both sexes also dark brownish or black; short and sparse ones in g on
middle parts of abdomen and the slightly longer and denser ones posteriorly,
especially last segment, dark brownish; reversed hairs on last two abdominal
segments in 9 blackish brown or black; hairs on lobes of tergite 9 and processes
of sternite 9 in 3 more fulvous; hairs on legs in both sexes dark; spines and
spicules on legs reddish to fulvous reddish.

Head (text-fig. 13, left) with the interocular space on head below scarcely
narrower than, or as wide as, or even slightly wider than, interocular space on
vertex; clypeus markedly prominent, protuberant, transversely inflated or
tumidly lip-like, more inflated than in all the preceding species, usually medially
incised or notched apically; buccal cavity rather broad; proboscis much
reduced, short, stoutish, stumpy, scarcely or not projecting beyond buccal
cavity, its labella small and short; palps distinct, longer than antennal segment
2; antennae rather stoutish, usually shorter than thorax; segment 1 slightly
thickened, shortish, about 2.3-2-4 times length of 2; segment 3 slightly longer
than club, its apical fourth or less distinctly thickened knob-like; club elongate,
subtriangular, conical, broadened apically, trapezoidal, there sharply, almost
concavely truncate below the slightly forked terminal prominence.

Wings tinted brownish to dark blackish brown, usually more so along course
of veins, the middle of first posterior cell and hind border usually clearer and
apex the clearest, almost hyaline; veins brownish to dark brown; apex of first
posterior cell rather very shortly stalked or even angularly subtending on costal
margin, apparently less distinctly stalked than in preceding species; apex of
third posterior cell (rather than apex of discoidal cell as in other species) shortly
stalked or even meeting apex of discoidal cell at a point; squamal margin dark;
halteres very dark to almost black.

Legs, especially hind ones, rather long; hind femora slightly thickened, less
so in 9, armed below with the usual double row of spines from near base or
just before middle, without any dorso- or latero-apical ones; tibiae rather
stoutish, especially hind ones, the latter with distinctly fewer spicules than in
most of the other species, the lateral ones wanting or minute; basal segment of
hind tarsi distinctly much longer than claw-segment; claws slender, relatively
more so and longer in 3, also more rapidly curved down apically in 3 than in 9.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 reddish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 13, right) with the anal lobes broader, larger

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 269

than in other species, not so very sharply pointed apically; processes of sternite 9
comparatively longer, more slender, distinctly more sinuous or S-curved than in
other species, their apices more curved down; central, dorsal (anterior) epimere
of aedeagal apparatus very much shorter than ventral (posterior) aedeagal
process which ends in two phallic tubes, relatively shorter than in other forms,
in form of a short stump in front of base of aedeagus.
From 2 $¢ and 2 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 12-16 mm
Length of wing: about 8-11 mm
Distribution: Koup Karoo: Dikbome, Merweville (Museum Expedition,
October 1952) (5 holotype, 3 paratype and Q paratype); Mynaardskraal,
Letjiesbos near Beaufort West (Museum Staff, October 1941) (Q allotype).
The 3 paratype is either a slight form or a teneral and differs from the 3
holotype in being slightly smaller, entirely more yellowish or mud-coloured,
the sides and two submedial streaks on thorax above more reddish brownish,
in having more yellowish or ochre-brownish legs, and its more yellowish brown-
ish wings. In other respects it does not differ. The 2 paratype on the other
hand has the antennae and clypeal part of face malformed.

Fic. 13

Left: Side view of head of g Arenomydas bunochilus n.sp., showing the prominent tumid clypeus,
and characteristic conical antennal club.

Right: Side view of hypopygium of 3 of the same species, showing the strongly developed
processes of sternite 9, the aedeagus ending in two phallic tubes (epimere not shown, very short,
in form of short stump at base of aedeagus anteriorly) and the rather long anal lobes.

270 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Arenomydas pleurostictus n.sp.

Another interesting black and black-winged Namaqualand species,
unfortunately represented in the collections by only a single 9 specimen, which
appears to show transitional characters in having affinities both with the Bush-
manland species lightfooti and the peculiar aberrant Koup Karoo species buno-
chilus, but in certain respects more with the latter, though at the same time having
certain distinguishing characters of its own. It is characterized as follows:

Body almost entirely black, but with a conspicuous yellowish whitish
infusion on each side of hinder part of pleurae, occupying the area below hinder
part of pteropleuron, below metapleural tubercle in front of halteres, below
halteres, upper part of metasternum and anterior lateral basal angle of tergite 1,
this infusion appearing whitish due to conspicuous whitish tomentum which
also extends on to dorsal (hinder) half of hind coxae; anterior lateral and
posterior lateral parts of tergite 1 and base on sides and extreme lateral margin
of tergite 2 also obscurely yellowish brownish, and lower faces of front and
middle femora, as well as under-surfaces of hind femora, and hind tibiae infused
with dark reddish brownish; hind margin of tergite 1 also obscurely dark
reddish brownish, but those of rest of tergites however dark like rest of abdomi-
nal surface; bullae dark or blackish.

Integument of the head in front, especially clypeus, shining, and tergites 5-8,
especially latter, also shining; rest of body, including pleurae, dull; integument
of greater part of body and legs covered with minute, areolar microsculpture as
in bunochilus, less evident on shining parts; that of thorax above vermicellately
rugulose as in other species, also in streaks of finer and coarser ones, the sides
of thorax above also rugulose, but with slightly more numerous oblique rugae
than in bunochilus, more like those of lightfooti; pleurae distinctly duller, with
more evident rugulose microsculpture than in the other two species; metanotum
distinctly more coarsely rugulose than in the other species, and tergites 1-3
and base of 4 finely shagreened in appearance, slightly more so than in buno-
chilus; last two abdominal segments transversely wrinkled; proboscis duller,
due to microsculpture and with more numerous oblique rugae than in lightfoott ;
integument of legs mainly dull, due to microsculpture as in bunochilus, the femora
with slightly denser, more evident, transverse annulation than in the other two
species.

Vestiture as poorly and sparsely developed, the longer hairs on head however
slightly longer, snow whitish on vertex and sides of frons basally, more yellowish
brownish on each side of frons anteriorly and on antennal segments 1 and 2;
hairs on clypeus markedly sparse, the latter almost bare, but the few above and
on sides along basal part also yellowish brownish; those on palps and head
below also appearing more greyish yellowish or yellowish brownish in certain
lights; postvertical, almost bristly, spines yellowish whitish, and rest of hairs on
occiput more yellowish brownish; hairs on thorax above in 4 streaks, distinctly
longer, but sparser than in /ighifooti and much longer than in bunochilus, entirely
silvery white as are also sparse ones on propleurae, the very few on hinder part

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 271

of pteropleuron and sparse ones on metapleural tubercle in front of halteres;
sparse hairs on tergites 1 and 2 also whitish, longer anteriorly basally on sides;
reversed ones on last two abdominal segments and genital parts dark, appearing
more fulvous brownish or brownish in certain lights, but more blackish on
genitalia; sides of sternites 1-4 or 5 appearing greyish, due to some distinct
greyish or silvery tomentum; sparse and short hairs on femora whitish, appear-
ing more yellowish on sides of hind ones, and denser, relatively longer ones on
tibiae mainly pale, but longer ones along inner sides of hind ones darker; spines
and spicules on legs dark or blackish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex relatively narrower than in
lightfoott and much narrower than in bunochilus, though the space between eyes
on head below is narrower than above, it is broader than in lightfootz, but
narrower than in bunochilus; antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum),
considerably longer than in bunochilus, more like those of the other species;
segment I about 3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, relatively longer and
stouter than in lightfooti, longer than club; the latter shaped more like that of
lightfooti, however more concavely truncate apically as in bunochilus, though not
so trapezoidal in shape, thickened in apical half from just before middle and
constricted basally; clypeus rather prominent, relatively large, larger than in
all the other species, brilliantly shining, relatively longer than and not so shortly
tumid as in 9 bunochilus, its apex above more conically pointed; proboscis rela-
tively long, longer than that of lightfooti, longer than either the antennae or the
thorax, about 3:2 mm long, not reduced as in bunochilus, its labella large and
ovate; palps minute, but distinct.

Wings very darkly infuscated blackish brownish, almost black, slightly less
intense or paler in hinder half, with a little less than basal third of first basal cell,
middle parts of second submarginal and first posterior cells, alula and hind
border (beyond fuscous borders of posterior veins) clearer; apex of first posterior
cell angularly subtending on costal margin or only very shortly stalked; apex
of discoidal cell stalked; lower vein of anal cell rather markedly sinuous;
halteres blackish brown.

Legs with the hind femora thickened, less clavately so than in the other two
species, the basal part less slender or with a shorter slender part, armed below
with a double row of shortish spines; hind tibiae stoutish, but, unlike those of
bunochilus, armed along outer lateral part with some distinct spicules in addition
to those below; basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-segment,
not longer as in the other two species; claws relatively stouter, especially hind
ones, which are also more sickle-shaped.

Oviscape with about 7 blackish brown spines on a side.

From 1 9 holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 11:5 mm

Distribution: Namaqualand: 15 miles north of Steinkopf (G. van Son,

11th August 1961).

272 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

AGAPEREMIUS n.gen.

Two 3 specimens in the South African Museum from the dry north-
western Cape represent a form which differs in certain features from all the
other South African genera with a stalked first posterior cell, such as Momo-
neura, Neolaparopsis, Nomoneuroides, Arenomydas, Halterorchis, and the Syllegomydas
group, but which appears to be nearer to the new genus Arenomydas than to any
of the others. With the latter it agrees in the entire bare metanotum, ptero-
pleuron and mesopleuron and the very similar type of hypopygial structures,
especially the processes of sternite 9. As it however differs in certain distinct
features, I am referring it to a new and separate genus which differs from
Arenomydas in the following combination of characters:

Body with the head, thorax above, especially sides, metapleural part,
metasternal part, basal half of abdomen (tergites 1-3 and to a lesser extent 4)
and legs with markedly dense and longish, villose vestiture, denser than in
any other South African genus except the new genus Cephalocerodes described
under the new tribe Cephalocerint.

Head with the interocular space on head below markedly broad, subequal
in width to width of interocular space on vertex, the inner margins of eyes thus
subparallel, much as in the aberrant species Arenomydas bunochilus.

Thorax above not dull, but shining, without rugulose microsculpture, its
integument only with acicular setiferous puncturation; integument of postalar
calli, scutellum, metanotum and entire pleurae smooth, polished and brilliantly
shining.

Wings more extensively hyaline, not uniformly or extensively tinted or
infuscated.

Legs with the hind femora slightly clavately thickened, with relatively
fewer spines and only in apical halves below, without any dorso- or latero-apical
spines; hind tibiae with much fewer and shorter spicules, more or less confined
to apical half and with fewer apical spicules (spurs) ; bristles on tarsi relatively
long, bristle-like; claws rather long and slender.

Hypopygium of 33, as shown in text-fig. 14, right, with the anal lobes short,
posteriorly together deeply and angularly indented; sternite 9 relatively larger
more strongly keeled medially, and produced apically, its processes straight or
straighter, in profile not sinuous; aedeagal apparatus with the aedeagal process,
posterior to epimere, not simply forked (that is ending in two slightly divergent
phallic tubes as in species of Arenomydas), but with the phallic tubules curving
backwards, upwards and outwards on each side somewhat like the horns of an
antelope, and with no distinct upwardly projecting epimere (the latter repre-
sented by a step-like epimeral part anterior to phallic tubes).

The type-species of the new genus is Agaperemius hirtus n.sp.

Agaperemius hirtus n.sp.

Body in 3 mainly black, but with the following parts yellowish: antennae
(except black terminal tubercle), palps, humeral tubercles, a spot on postalar

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 273

calli, hind margins of tergites, hinder half and more than apical half of sides of
tergite 4, greater part of tergites 5-7 (except for dark blackish brown sides
basally and to a variable extent lateral margins), almost entire hypopygial
structures, greater part of venter, and the legs (excepting dark coxae and a
broad dark brownish or blackish brown annulation of variable extent in apical

half of hind femora).

Fic. 14

Left: Dorsal view of right antennal club of $ Agaperemius hirtus n.gen.
et n.sp.

Right: Side view of hypopygium of ¢ of the same species, showing
the shortish anal lobes, the longish almost straight processes (also
separately dorsal view of left one) of sternite 9, and the aedeagus
ending in two slightly backwardly and upwardly curved phallic
tubes (also shown separately and enlarged in oblique posterior view,
with the epimeral part not ending in a distinct process).

Integument of middle part of frons, postalar calli, scutellum, metanotum,
pleurae, and depressed base of tergite 2, as well as black bullae, highly polished,
brilliantly shining; integument of thorax above and rest of abdomen above also
shining, but with acicular setiferous punctures which become more ‘nadelrissig’
from tergite 3; that of legs also more or less shining.

Vestiture with the hairs dense, long and villose as described for the genus,
mainly snow whitish, but shorter ones on disc of thorax above and tergites 5—7
sometimes slightly tinted a little more yellowish; hairs on legs also mainly or
entirely snow whitish, though the shorter ones on hind femora above also
sometimes tinted more yellowish; those on apical part of coxae below sometimes
even more fulvous; hairs on hind femora below markedly dense and long, and
those along inner part of hind tibiae also longish.

Head with the interocular space on vertex not or scarcely broader than, or
as broad as, interocular space on head below; antennae distinctly longer than
thorax above (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about 1-6—2°3 times length of
2; segment 3 distinctly thickened club-like apically, shorter than club; latter
(text-fig. 14, left) elongate, obliquely subtruncate apically, sometimes broadest
just beyond middle, then slightly narrowed; proboscis longer than vertical

274 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

length of eye; palps distinct, subglobular or oval, not much longer than antennal
segment 2.

Wings mainly hyaline, but costal part slightly more yellowish, the apical
parts of costal, marginal and submarginal cells tinted yellowish brownish, and
basal veins of second submarginal and first posterior cells, apical veins of dis-
coidal cell, junction of first posterior, discoidal and third posterior cells and
apical vein of anal cell also margined with faint yellowish brownish; veins
yellowish; squamal margin pallid; stump at base of second submarginal cell
rather short; apex of discoidal cell very shortly stalked, meeting apex of third
posterior cell almost at a point; knobs of halteres mainly yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly, though slightly, thickened, clavate,
armed below with a double row of yellowish spines from about middle or
slightly beyond middle; apical spurs of tibiae, especially hind ones, rather long;
tarsi with rather longish, bristle-like spicules; basal segment of hind tarsi much
longer than claw-segment; claws markedly long and slender, in these go
curved rather rapidly apically; pulvilli proportionally long and broadish.

Hypopygium as shown in text-fig. 14 (right), with rather longish bristly
hairs apically on lobes of tergite 9, and with some coarse punctures on processes
of sternite 9.

Holotype and paratype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 17-19 mm
Length of wing: about 12-13°5 mm

Distribution: Bushmanland: Onseepkans near Orange River (Museum
staff, October 1939) (holotype). North-west Cape: Putsonderwater in Gor-
donia, north of Kenhardt (Museum staff, October 1939) (paratype).

NOTOBATES n.subgen. of syLLEGomyDAs Beck.
Syllegomydas Bequaert (nec Becker), 1938: 333 and 341.

The genus Spllegomydas which Becker (1906: 277) established to accommo-
date certain north African and southern Palaearctic species of Mydaidae
appears not to be represented in South Africa south of Rhodesia. In the north-
western part of South Africa and in South West Africa it appears to be replaced
by closely related forms which, apart from the reduced or vestigial proboscis,
show a combination of characters which exclude them from Spllegomydas s.str.
as described and defined by authors in literature and as is also evident from a
comparison of a ¢ and a Q of Syllegompdas algiricus var. tripolitanus Beq. from
Tripoli, kindly loaned to me by Dr. Bequaert, with the South African material.
The only species from southern Africa which can at present be placed pro-
visionally in this genus are the two known species rhodesiensis and arnoldi
described from Rhodesia by Bequaert in 1938, and of which the types have also
been kindly lent to me. These two species, apart from their vestigial proboscis,
the more consistent tendency for the first posterior cell in the wings to be
stalked apically or to subtend angularly on the costal margin, and certain other
characters, however show a combination of minor characters which appear to

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 275

exclude them from the north African Syllegomydas, and which they appear to
share with representatives of the variable genus Afroleptomydas. As they are not
strictly referable to Syllegomydas s.str., a new and southern subgenus Wotobates
is erected to accommodate them, with the species rhodesiensis as the type-species.

A third species, brinckt, from South West Africa, which Bequaert (1959:
363) also described as a Syllegomydas, however, has entirely different cephalic
and aedeagal characters and obviously belongs to an entirely different genus
which is described as Notosyllegomydas farther on.

The Rhodesian subgenus Notobates of Syllegomydas, as based on the two
species described by Bequaert, differs from Syllegomydas s.str., as based on
Syllegomydas algiricus var. tripolitanus Beq., as follows:

Body elongate as in Syllegomydas, more slender in $9 than in 99.

Integument of the medial frontal and lower parts of head, greater part of
pleurae and, in 99, greater part of abdomen above more shining.

Vestiture very much denser, longer, even in 99, more shaggy, with much
denser and longer hairs on metanotum; hairs on thorax above more distinctly
arranged in 5 streaks, the broad central bare streak having only a very narrow
central streak or line of hairs (the middle streak in S. algiricus var. tripolitanus
with more numerous, scattered hairs, and the bare streaks only strictly delimited
submedially on sides); hinder border of mesopleuron with fewer and sparser
hairs; hairs on legs much denser and longer, with more numerous and longer
ones along inner sides of hind tibiae.

Head with the antennae very much longer, in the two species under con-
sideration much longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 3 longer,
much longer than club; latter elongate, not dilated or inflated pyriform, the
apical sensory area much larger, occupying more of the apical conical part
(more like that of representatives of Afroleptomydas), not so terminal or appearing
somewhat sunk in, rendering the apical part subtruncate or truncate as in
Syllegomydas; buccal cavity very distinct, larger, deeper; proboscis, though
rudimentary, still perceptible in miniature, the basal stem and labella present,
not entirely vestigial and minutely knob-like; postvertical spines not distinctly
differentiated.

Wings very similar, with the venation similar, but vein between anal and
axillary cells more undulating.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly less thickened, sometimes scarcely
thickened, more clavately so, with feebler, more bristle-like spines below;
tibiae with much longer spicules and longer apical spurs; and tarsi with longer,
more bristle-like spicules.

Genital segments in 99 with the right and left hind margins of last vertical
tergite on each side of central carina together forming a more acute angle, the
opening below them being much smaller, and the lobes in it much smaller, not
very broad and triangular as in S. algzricus.

Aypopygium of 33 very similar, but the central, dorsal process hs of
the aedeagal apparatus distinctly much shorter.

276 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

The two species may be separated as follows:

(a2) Hind margins of tergites in both sexes more narrowly whitish, ivory yellowish or yellowish,
not markedly broadened discally, the 2 without ochreous or chrome yellowish across apical
halves of tergites 2-7; bullae orange brownish, not broadly surrounded by yellowish;
scutellum dark or black; sides of thorax above and base in ¢ dark, in 2 yellowish reddish
and also submedially on each side in anterior half; sides of tergites more obscurely, more
narrowly reddish brownish; fine hairs on abdomen above in ¢ darker, more fulvous
brownish to brownish; hairs on head, especially thorax above in Q, relatively longer;
antennae relatively shorter 3-14-3.3 mm; first posterior cell in wings usually only
angularly subtending on costal margin... Ne mu ie 3 & rhodesiensis Beq.

(6) Hind margins of tergites in both sexes markedly and conspicuously broadly yellowish,
especially discally, the Q with more than hinder halves of tergites 2-4 and above more
discally on 5~7 conspicuously and contrastingly chrome or ochreous yellowish; bullae
black, broadly surrounded by yellowish; scutellum entirely, or at least in basal half,
yellowish brownish or reddish brownish; sides of thorax, base and two submedial discal
streaks in both sexes yellowish reddish, more broadly so in 9; fine hairs on rest of abdo-
men above in g pale or more whitish; hairs on head and especially thorax above in @
relatively shorter, also shorter than in 9; antennae relatively longer, about
3°7-3:82 mm; first posterior cell usually more consistently shortly stalked apically

3 8 arnoldi Beq.

Syllegomydas (Notobates) rhodesiensis Beq.

Syllegomydas rhodesiensis Bequaert, 1938: 333, figs 1-6. Bequaert, 19615: 2.

The late Dr. Arnold of the National Museum of Rhodesia has very kindly
lent me Bequaert’s types and paratypes of this species. With these he also sent
another 9 specimen of rhodesiensis from the same locality and date as the 9 type,
but labelled as ‘Syllegomydas cinctus Macq.’ by Oldroyd in the British Museum.
As cinctus is a north African species there is no question of it occurring so far
south. Moreover it does not agree with descriptions given of cincitus by Séguy
and others. As Bequaert has given a very good and comprehensive description
of this species, I can add nothing to supplement his diagnosis and can only refer
the reader to that publication.

The species is slightly variable and is chiefly characterized by its yellowish
brownish to brownish clypeus, yellowish humeral tubercles, yellowish sides of
thorax in 9, yellowish anterior basal part on sides of tergite 1, yellowish brownish
hind margin of tergite 1 (more yellowish in 2), ivory yellowish hind margins of
rest of tergites (broader in 2), orange yellowish bullae, mainly yellowish brown-
ish venter and extreme sides of tergites, yellowish brownish legs of which the
femora are more darkened on inner sides below in ¢ than in 9; the long snow
whitish hairs on front part of body including tergites 1 and 2, and in streaks on
thorax, the short, more yellowish, fulvous brownish ones on rest of abdomen in
3; paler ones on venter in ¢ (sometimes however also darkened), the dark hairs
on last three segments in 2 and not very long pale or whitish ones on legs;
greyish wings, more tinted yellowish in 9, with yellowish brownish veins; and
with genitalia as illustrated by Bequaert.

In the National Museum of Rhodesia and in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 14-19 mm
Length of wing: about 10°5-14:2 mm

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 277

Distribution: Rhodesia: De Beers, Umgusa River; Helenvale; Khami Ruins
(May and June).

Syilegomydas (Notobates) arnoldi Beq.
Syllegomydas arnoldi Bequaert, 1938: 341, fig. 3b.

The unique 3 type of this species was also kindly submitted to me by Dr.
Arnold. In addition there are two other 3 specimens in the Transvaal Museum,
one from Bulawayo and a mouldy specimen from Beira in Portuguese East
Africa. Among the material from the Transvaal Museum there is also a 9 speci-
men from Bulawayo collected at the same time and by the same collector as
the above-mentioned 3 specimen and which I think is without doubt the as yet
undescribed 2 of arnoldi. Bequaert has given a detailed description of the 3
holotype which makes it easily recognizable.

The ¢ of this species is chiefly characterized by the yellowish brownish or
brownish clypeus, yellowish humeral tubercles, yellowish sides of thorax and
two yellowish submedial discal streaks, yellowish brownish or yellowish reddish
scutellum, broadish yellowish brownish sides of tergites and venter, rather
conspicuous markedly broad yellowish hind margins of tergites of which that
on tergite 2 also surrounds the bullae, large black bullae, mainly yellowish
brownish to brownish legs, rather dense snow whitish hairs, also in streaks on
thorax above, yellowish or yellowish reddish-veined, greyish hyaline wings, and
yellowish brownish or almost yellowish knobs of halteres.

The solitary 2 specimen which is much larger and bulkier and superficially
resembles a scoliid-wasp, has most of the coloured parts similarly coloured
like those of the 3, but, apart from the much broader yellowish hind margins
of tergites, has more than apical halves of tergites 2-4 above and apical halves
discally of 5~7 pale ochreous or chrome yellowish, contrasting conspicuously
with the black basal and lateral parts, the ochreous discal spot on 7 being the
smallest; tergite 8 dark toffee brownish; legs similarly coloured to those of 3;
wings distinctly more tinted, more or deeper yellowish; vestiture slightly shorter
and less dense, especially that on disc of thorax where the two discal bare
streaks and two much broader submedial bare ones (the latter broken up
posteriorly into a large roundish spot) contrast conspicuously with the greyish
tomented streaks and sides of thorax separating them; hairs on last two abdomi-
nal segments dark brownish; genital segment and oviscape yellowish reddish,
with 7 yellowish reddish spines on a side.

The 3 holotype in the National Museum of Rhodesia and the @ allotype
and 2 jg in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 15-18:8 mm (4g) 20 mm (9)
Length of wing: about 11-25-13:3 mm (g) 16 mm (9)

Distribution: Rhodesia: Mulungwane Mountains (September 1924)
(3 holotype) ; Bulawayo (R. Stevenson, June 1923) (2 allotype and 1 g). Portu-
guese East Africa: Beira (Krantz, August 1903) (1 3).

278 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

NAMADYTES n.gen.

Two @ specimens from South West Africa in the collections before me have,
as in the case of Syllegomydas, a very much reduced proboscis, but as they differ
in some important respects from 99 of the latter genus (as based ona gf anda 2
of Syllegomydas algiricus var. tripolitanus Beq., lent to me by Bequaert, and on
the subgeneric form WNotobates of it), they cannot be included in that genus.
Unfortunately the gg are unknown and the aedeagal structures cannot there-
fore be used to differentiate them generically from either Syllegomydas (Notobates)
or from the other related South West African new genus WNotosyllegomydas.
They are here referred provisionally to a distinct South West African genus of
which the 99 agree and differ from Syllegomydas and its subgenus \Votobates in the
following respects:

Body with the abdomen in 9 rather broadish, pointed apically, its dorsum
on certain tergites infused to a variable extent with yellowish or yellowish
ochreous, and with tergite and sternite 8 markedly shortened, shorter than in
both Syllegomydas and its southern subgenus.

Integument of head, thorax, metanotum and pleurae mainly dulled by
greyish whitish tomentum as in Syllegomydas algiricus; that of thorax above dull,
leathery, but hinder half of scutellum shining; sides of metanotum sometimes
also more or less shining; that of abdomen above shining in part, duller apically,
the terminal segments transversely, markedly, coarsely, rugulosely striate;
femora distinctly transversely striate.

Vestiture rather poorly developed, very similar to that of Syllegomydas algiricus
var. tripolitanus, but more reduced then in the subgenus Notobates; hairs on
thorax, posterior margin of mesopleuron, pteropleuron, metapleural and meta-
sternal parts, and on tergites 1 and 2, short and sparse; those on metanotum
very short, sparse, present only on sides; hairs on legs slightly denser and longer
than in var. of algiricus, but shorter than in Spllegomydas (Notobates).

Head relatively broad, markedly broadish across eyes; interocular space
broad, broader than is usual for 99 of Syllegomydas, being nearly, or only a little
less than, twice distance between vertex and antennae, the inner margins
of eyes from level of antennae to vertex subparallel or less convergent; vertex
almost straight or only slightly depressed in middle; ocellus on frontal ridge
narrow; postvertical spines wanting or not differentiated as in Syllegomydas
(Notobates) ; antennae (cf. text-fig. 15, left) shortish as in Syllegomydas algiricus,
but shorter than in Votobates, segment 3 usually rather shortish, about as long
as, or distinctly much shorter than, club, the latter more dilated beyond middle,
more elongate-pyriform like that of Syllegomydas and unlike that of its subgenus
Notobates, its apical sensory area also terminal, subtruncate or truncate and
not so conical as in Wotobates; proboscis (cf. text-fig. 15, left), though very much
reduced and even more so than in 99 of the subgenus Wotobates, still more per-
ceptible in miniature than in Syllegomydas algiricus; buccal cavity not so reduced
as in latter; palps minute.

Wings as in subgenus WNotobates and genus Afroleptomydas, infuscated in

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 279

middle parts, especially along veins, the apices of wings rather sharply pointed;
base of axillary lobe rather subtruncately rounded, broadish; alula broad; first
posterior cell at apex not consistently stalked as in Syllegomydas, either opening
narrowly on costal margin (cf. text-fig. 15, upper right), or much narrowed and
angularly subtending on it.

Legs longer than in Syllegomydas algiricus, the hind femora longer, propor-
tionally less thickened, more clavately so, their double row of spines below
longer, more slender, more like those of subgenus WNotobates; spicules on
hind tibiae longish, more bristle-like; hind tarsi relatively short, shorter
than in Syllegomydas (Notobates) and, excluding claws, about or only a
little more than half length of hind tibiae; basal segment of hind tarsi rather
thickened, proportionally long, very much longer than claw-segment; pulvilli
distinctly reduced, scarcely extending beyond middle of claws, whereas in
Syllegomydas they almost or do reach apices of claws.

Genital segments in 99 with the last vertical genital segment markedly
shortened, with a much shorter vertical carina which is much shorter than half
length of lower margin of the sclerite; opening below the last tergite much
smaller than in Syllegomydas algiricus, and lobes in it much smaller, less triangu-
lar; spines on oviscape comparatively longer, distinctly more pointed apically
than in latter genus.

The 99 of this genus appear to differ from the 9 of Notosyllegomydas (n.gen.
to accommodate Syllegomydas brinckt of Bequaert), described farther on, in the
relatively broader interocular space on vertex, the non-granulate and non-
striate thorax above which has 4 bare streaks and 5 streaks of fine hairs or
tomentum, ochreous yellowish colouration on abdomen above, more acuminate
abdomen, not entirely bare metanotum, less distinctly stalked first posterior cell,
relatively shorter tarsi, especially hind ones, and not entirely vestigial pulvilli.

The only two species of Namadytes known occur in South West Africa, and
the type-species of the genus is Namadytes vansoni n.sp.

The two species may be separated as follows:

(a) Dorsum of abdomen discally on tergites 3-5 broadly and extensively ochreous yellowish and
to a lesser extent also discally on 2 and with the central discal part of 6 reddish; hind margins
of tergites 1-3 and 4 and 5 discally yellowish whitish; last tergite more coarsely grooved;
antennal segment 3 much shorter, it, together with 1 and 2, as long as club, the latter more
rapidly thickened from base; proboscis more vestigial, represented only by small globular
labella; infusion in wings less conspicuous along veins; apex of first posterior cell narrowly
open; oviscape on each side with about g spines; slightly larger, about 18 mm

© vansont n.sp.

(b) Dorsum of abdomen less extensively ochreous yellowish, only so discally on hinder two-
thirds of tergites 3-5; hind margins of 1-4 and 5 and 6 discally more whitish, the latter only
centrally; last tergite less coarsely grooved; antennal segment 3 much longer, only a little
shorter than club, the latter more gradually thickened to beyond middle; proboscis rudi-
mentary, but with a distinct short stem and small labella; infusion in wings more evident
in middle part and there darker, more blackish brownish or conspicuous along veins; apex
of first posterior cell angularly subtending or sessile on costal margin; oviscape with only
about 6 or 7 spines on a side; slightly smaller form, about15mmlong .. _@ prozeskyi n.sp.

280 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fic. 15

Left: Fronto-facial part of head of 2 Namadytes vansoni n.gen. et n.sp., showing the vestigial
proboscis and right antenna.

Upper right: Apex of wing of same 9.

Lower right: Left hind tarsus of same 9.

Namadytes vansonti n.sp.

Body mainly dark, the pleurae, especially pteropleural part, appearing
more dark reddish brownish, the dark sides of abdomen also slightly more dark
reddish brownish or castaneous brownish than black; antennae dark reddish
brownish, the clubs paler, more reddish to orange reddish, especially towards
apices; clypeus dark; rudimentary proboscis and base of buccal cavity reddish
brownish; humeral tubercles dull reddish yellowish or reddish brownish;
postalar calli reddish brownish; tergite 2 patchy ochreous yellowish discally;
tergites 3—5 broadly ochreous yellowish discally and 6 more reddish yellowish
only along central part discally; hind margins of tergites 1-5 yellowish whitish,
very broadly so on 1-3 and broader discally, only discally on 4 and 5; bases on
extreme sides of 2-6 also yellowish whitish; bullae small, black; venter yellowish
brownish, becoming darker on sternites 5 and 6 and almost black posteriorly,
the hind margins not yellowish; legs dark castaneous brownish or reddish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 281

brownish, the knees and extreme apical margins of tibiae yellowish; apical part
or half of claw-segments of tarsi and basal halves of claws also yellowish.

Integument of front part of vertex, middle part of frons and clypeus shining,
the rest covered with dense greyish whitish tomentum like head behind; thorax
above dull, but with 4 broadish streaks and a very narrow, central line of
greyish whitish tomentum, the submedial two of which are confluent basally;
scutellum shining on hinder two-thirds; metanotum also with greyish whitish
bloom like most of pleurae; integument of abdomen shining above, especially
discally to tergite 6, the rest dull, the extreme sides of 2—5 rugulosely punctured,
their sides also transversely somewhat wrinkled, but 6 more so and 7 and 8
rather densely, transversely, rugulosely striate, 8 being very coarsely grooved;
venter also punctured on extreme sides of sternites 2-4 and transversely wrinkled
on sides, 7 and 8 more coarsely so and 8 also distinctly grooved along centre;
integument of hind trochanters distinctly transversely grooved behind, that of
femora transversely striate and covered with feeble setiferous granulation, and
that of hind tibiae also somewhat setiferously granulate and obscurely trans-
versely striate.

Vestiture with the somewhat sparse longish hairs on head very faintly greyish
yellowish on vertex, whitish on rest of head; very short and sparse ones in
streaks on thorax above mainly whitish, but faintly tinted sericeous yellowish
along anterior discal part of two submedial streaks; shortish sparse hairs on
pleurae, sides of metanotum and tergites 1 and 2 also mainly whitish; reversed
ones on last two abdominal segments short, fulvous, rather dense on tergal part;
those on genital segment fulvous yellowish; hairs on legs shortish, stiffish,
more setae-like, mainly whitish; spines and spicules pale yellowish or pallid.

Head (text-fig. 15, left), with the interocular space on vertex broad, only a
little less than twice distance from vertex to antennae, but quite twice this at
level of antennae; vertex slightly sagged down at middle, the ocellar ridge
being prominent there; inner margins of eyes along frons slightly convergent
towards vertex; oblique sutural line on each side just above antennal level
rather distinct; antennae much shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment I not much thickened, a little more than twice length of 2; segment 3
relatively short, distinctly shorter than club, in fact segments 1, 2 and 3 com-
bined about as long as club, apical sixth of 3 thickened almost knob-like, more
so than in species of Syllegomydas; clubs subspindle-shaped or elongate pyriform,
relatively rapidly thickened to thickest just beyond middle from its bottle-
neck-like constricted base, feebly constricted again in apical part; clypeus not
very prominent above, grooved sagitally; proboscis very rudimentary, confined
to extreme base of buccal cavity, only its labellar part prominent as a small,
slightly striated knob; palps minute or vestigial.

Wings rather pointed apically, more or less uniformly or diffusely tinted
yellowish brownish in middle parts, being darker along veins, the base, costal
cell, apex and hind border with a milky whitish tint in certain lights; veins
brownish; first posterior cell (text-fig. 15, upper right) open on costal margin

282 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

to a certain extent, the apical part not narrowed but roundly touching the
margin; apex of discoidal cell shortly stalked; axillary lobe subtruncate basally,
broadest there; alula normally large, lobe-like; halteres yellowish whitish.

Legs with the hind femora only very slightly thickened, armed below with a
double row of spines on slight tubercles from about middle; spicules on hind
tibiae on outer lower apical part and apical spurs, as well as spicules on tarsi,
rather long and conspicuous; hind tarsi (text-fig. 15, lower right) relatively
shortish, scarcely more than half length of tibiae, the basal segment rather
thickened, considerably longer than claw-segment; pulvilli shortened, extend-
ing not much beyond basal half of claws.

Oviscape with 9 brownish spines on each side; yellowish lobes below ovi-
scape with longish hairs.

From a single 2 specimen (holotype) in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 14-5 mm

Distribution: South West Africa: near Seeheim in Great Namaqualand
(G. van Son, May 1933).

In superficial appearance and colour of dorsum of abdomen this species
resembles certain species of Ectyphus, such as flavidorsalis and bitaeniatus.

Namadytes prozeskyi n.sp.

Another 9 specimen from South West Africa which also belongs to this new
genus is very near the type-species vansoni, but, apart from being smaller,
differs in the following respects:

Body also mainly dark, similarly coloured, but dorsum of abdomen darker,
the yellowish ochreous being less extensive, only a little more than apical halves
of tergites 3-5 being less extensively yellowish ochreous discally; venter on the
whole much darker, even the paler basal half darker brownish; sides of clypeus
more brownish; a slight area around yellowish brownish humeral tubercles
also being yellowish, not dark as in vansoni; both postalar calli as well as hinder
half of scutellum pale yellowish brownish; hind margins of tergites 1-6 con-
spicuously more whitish, that across 1 very much narrower, that across 5 not
reaching sides, that on 6 confined to only central discal part, and that across
2 the broadest; legs similarly coloured.

Integument with the same parts shining; that of abdomen very similar, but
with less coarse and more obscure transverse wrinkles on sides, the last two
segments, especially last, being distinctly less coarsely, transversely, rugulosely
striated; integument of legs slightly finer transversely striated, with less evident
setiferous granulation.

Vesttture and tomentum very similar, but hairs on vertex and entire head
more whitish; rest of hairs on body and legs similarly coloured, though those
on legs distinctly slightly less dense.

Head with the inner margins of eyes along frons subparallel from antennal
level to vertex; antennae also shorter than thorax, but proportions of segments

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 283

entirely different, segment 1 about 2-6 times length of 2; segment 3 however
distinctly much longer than in vansont, by itself slightly or scarcely shorter than
club, its apical fifth thickened; clubs relatively much shorter than in vansoni,
more gradually thickened to beyond middle; proboscis, though much reduced
and small, with its stem and labella separately perceptible, though in miniature,
the labella even with minute spinules; clypeus slightly more convexly
prominent.

Wings distinctly more darkly infuscated, less uniform or diffuse in middle
parts, but due to darker, more conspicuous, more blackish brown borders along
veins in middle parts, the same parts however milky whitish; veins darker
brownish; first posterior cell angularly subtending on costal margin; other
venational characters similar; knobs of halteres with a darker spot above.

Legs proportionally slightly shorter; hind femora also slightly thickened,
but apparently with fewer pallid spines below in apical half; hind tarsi, though
also shortish, distinctly a little more than half length of hind tibiae, the basal
segment also much longer than claw-segment; pulvilli similarly reduced.

Oviscape with only about 7 more pointed spines on each side.

From a single 2 specimen (holotype) in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 11-3 mm

Distribution: South West Africa: Arechadamab in Game _ Reserve

(O. Prozesky, 11th May 1959).

NOTOSYLLEGOMYDAS n.gen.
Syllegomydas Bequaert (nec Becker), 1959: 363. (n.syn.)

Bequaert described a 3 and a 9 specimen from South West Africa in 1959
as Syllegomydas brincki. From the description and illustrations it is quite evident
that, notwithstanding the vestigial proboscis and stalked first posterior cell,
these specimens cannot be referred to the north African Syllegomydas s.str. of
Becker. Not only does the reduced aedeagal apparatus but also certain other
characters, such as the markedly broad interocular space on head below and the
entirely bare metanotum, distinguish them from species of Syllegomydas. For
these specimens I propose a new genus WNotosyllegomydas which according to
Bequaert’s description and text-figures shows the following characteristics
distinguishing it from other South African genera with vestigial proboscis and
stalked first posterior cell:

Facial region very broad, the interocular space across base of buccal cavity
on head below markedly broad, even broader than space across vertex; dorsum
of thorax finely granular or striate, without 3 or 4 distinct or conspicuous streaks
of hairs; vestiture on head, body and legs markedly sparse, shortish; metanotum
entirely bare; aedeagal apparatus in g in form of a reduced globular structure
bearing two phallic tubules and an equally long, central, dorsal process or
epimere (these structures in other South African genera, with a vestigial
proboscis, are either three-pronged or in form of a longer, cylindrical process

284 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with two longer, phallic tubes and a longer, dorsal epimere or apophysis, or as
in the new genus NVamamydas in form of a long, stoutish, triquetrous process,
composed of two parallel, contiguous, ventral, phallic tubes attached to a dorsal
rod or epimere); a very distinct disparity between the shape and length of the
hind claws of the g and 9; and the very much reduced or vestigial pulvilli of
the 2 in comparison with 99 of related genera where they are only slightly
shortened and not vestigial.

At present represented by only the one species Syllegomydas brincki described
by Bequaert.

Notosyllegomydas brincki (Beq.) n.comb.
Syllegomydas brincki Bequaert, 1959: 363, figs 6-9.
This type-species can be easily identified from the good and comprehensive
description and text-figures of Bequaert.
Length of body: about 14-19 mm
Length of wing: about 12-14 mm
Distribution: Kaokoveld in South West Africa (June).

NAMAMYDAS n.gen.

This new genus, represented in the collections before me by a single ¢
specimen from Namaqualand, appears to be related to the north African
Syllegomydas according to descriptions given of the latter by authors, agreeing
with species of it in the much reduced and vestigial proboscis and the shortly
stalked first posterior cell, but may at once be distinguished by the markedly
narrow interocular space (cf. text-fig. 16) just below the buccal cavity, the
entirely bare metanotum, the distinctly foveately depressed sternites 6 and 7,

Fic. 16

Ventral view of head of § Namampdas

maculiventris n.gen. et n.sp. to show fronto-

facial region, much reduced proboscis,

right antenna, and comparatively large
eyes.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 285

the presence of only 3, not 4, bare streaks on disc of thorax of which the lateral
submedial ones are present only in hinder half and the central one not divided
by a narrow, central line or streak of fine hairs or tomentum.

Still more distinctive is its peculiar, triquetrous, apically-truncated, aedeagal
apparatus (cf. text-fig. 17), composed of two parallel, contiguous, ventral
(posterior) aedeagal or phallic tubes fused or intimately attached to a dorsal
(anterior) part or epimere, evident apically in the truncated part as a rod-like
structure as shown in the text-figure.

Other generic differences may be gauged from the description of the type-
species Vamamydas maculiventris described below.

Namamydas maculiventris n.sp.

This species with its spotted abdomen is characterized as follows:

Body with the head, thorax and basal dorsal part of abdomen black; the
sides basally of tergite 1 and rest of abdomen mainly yellowish, but following
parts however dark, blackish brown or blackish: discal part of tergite 2, a spot
on side of 2, a large and apically-narrowed discal spot on 3, a smaller one on 4,
a still smaller one basally on 5, a large spot on each side of tergites 3-7, and
medial spots on the sternites (large on 5-7, smaller on 2, and absent on 8);
hind margins of tergites whitish, narrower and only discally on 1; bullae black,
shining ; humeral tubercles and area below base of wings also yellowish; postalar
calli and hind margin of scutellum reddish brownish; antennae reddish brown-
ish; legs with the front and middle femora dark castaneous brownish, their
apices yellowish, the hind femora to a certain extent also dark castaneous
brownish to blackish brown, but more than basal third, their outer lower sur-
faces and their apices yellowish like all the tibiae and tarsi.

Integument of middle part of frons, postalar calli, scutellum, tergite 1 above,
to a lesser extent 2 and 3 discally, and to a lesser extent also integument of
femora, shining; that of rest of abdomen above duller, due to rather dense,
transverse, ‘nadelrissig’ puncturation; that of thorax above dull, due to leathery
microsculpture, and pleurae also dull with similar microtecture.

Vestiture with rather dense and longish, whitish hairs on head, sides of
thorax, propleurae, along hind, and to a certain extent also anterior, margins
of mesopleuron, on metapleurae in front of halteres, on tergites 1 and 2 and
to a lesser extent on sides of 3; shorter and sparser hairs on disc of thorax also
whitish, absent from a narrow central streak and from a broader, submedial
patch beyond middle on each side; shortish, decumbent ones on rest of abdomen
above rather dense, also whitish, slightly longer on sides of tergites; hairs on
venter also rather dense, gleaming whitish on sternites 5-7; hairs on hypopygial
structures whitish, long on hind margin of lateral lobes of tergite 9; those on
legs also fairly dense and long, longer on femora, whitish, but with feeble
sericeous yellowish gleams; spines and spicules on legs yellowish.

Head (text-fig. 16) rather broadish, very much broader than broadest part
of thorax; interocular space on vertex much broader than that on head below;

286 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

antennae relatively short, shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1
thickened, about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 distinctly thickened (segment-
like) apically, distinctly much shorter than club; the latter elongate pyriform,
its extreme base narrowed bottle-neck-like, its apical prominence rather
broadish, obliquely crater-like; proboscis very short, rudimentary or vestigial,
the entire structure including base shorter than antennal segment 1, the pro-
boscis-stem itself shorter than labellar part; palps minute, scarcely evident.
Wings rather markedly short, entirely glassy hyaline; veins yellowish
reddish; apex of discoidal cell with a rather longish stalk; squamal margin and
halteres pale yellowish.
Abdomen with sternites 6 and 7 markedly depressed or hollowed medially.
Legs relatively short; hind femora only slightly thickened, armed below
with a double row of relatively slender spines from about middle; tibiae slightly
curved; basal segment of hind tarsi much longer than claw-segment.
Hypopygium (text-fig. 17) with the combined anal lobes well developed,
broadish, deeply incised apically, the individual lobes slightly curved inwards;
tergite 9 rather visible tergite-like, its hind margin and those of the two lateral
lobes combined subtruncate, not angularly indented or incised at middle as in
most other genera and species, the hind margins of the lobes with markedly
long, bristly hairs on sides; sternite g inflated, rounded apically, medially
slightly grooved and not keeled apically, the processes on sides not projecting

Bic. 17

Side view of hypopygium of $ Namamydas maculiventris n.gen. et n.sp., showing also separately
dorsal view of anal lobes, right lateral lobe of the not deeply incised tergite 9, right process of
sternite 9, and more enlarged oblique posterior view of aedeagal apparatus, consisting of two
contiguous phallic tubes obliquely truncated apically (resembling the tip of an elephant’s trunk)
into a gonoporal part which also shows the dorsal (anterior) epimeral rod-like part.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 287

much beyond anal lobes, blunt apically and slightly curving inwards apically;
aedeagal apparatus in form of an apically-truncated, triquetrous process, in the
truncated part, resembling the apex of an elephant’s trunk, of which there are
visible the two gonoporal structures of the two parallel, contiguous, phallic
tubes and dorsally (anteriorly) to these the central, rod-like apophysis or epi-
mere as shown in text-figure.
Holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 9:5 mm
Distribution: Vioolsdrif in the Richtersveld of north-west Namaqualand
(Museum staff, March 1935).

Genus HALTERORCHIS Bezz.
Halterorchis Bezzi, 19245: 217.

This is a very remarkable South African genus, known cnly from the female
sex. It may however be easily distinguished from all other South African genera
of Mydaidae in the following respects:

Body rather smallish; abdomen proportionally broad and bulky, with a
peculiar pattern of two discal, yellowish, crescent- or '!-shaped spots on ter-
gites in at least basal half of abdomen.

Integument above and below mainly dull, even pleurae dull.

Vestiture with the individual hairs on head, thorax, pleurae, and base of
abdomen at least more granular or microscopically ctenate than in other
genera; hairs on these parts, as well as on legs, even in 99, rather well developed
and relative to body rather longish; those on tergites 2-6, though shorter and
sparser, nevertheless distinct, and those terminally in 9° denser and apparently
not granular.

Head (pl. 2, fig. 1, above) with the interocular space on vertex relatively
broad, broader than an eye; sides of vertex less tumidly convex or prominent
than in other genera; sides of frons and face tending to be subparallel or parallel,
the head below relative to vertex also very broad; antennae (cf. pl. 2, fig. 1 and
text-fig. 18, left below) markedly short, shorter than transverse diameter of
head and also much shorter than width of thorax in front of wing-bases, with
segment 3 remarkably short, only subequal in length to, or only a little longer
than, segments 1 and 2 combined, much shorter than club, its apical dilated
part very short; club greatly swollen or inflated, as long as or longer than
antennal segments 1, 2 and 3 combined; proboscis very much reduced, vestigial
in form of a scale-like rudiment.

Wings (cf. text-fig. 168A) markedly narrow, appearing pedunculate, due to
small or narrowish alula; apical cross-vein of costal cell (or stalk of first posterior
cell) almost non-existent, the costal cell sharply acute apically, and outer or
posterior vein of first posterior cell ending in its apex or immediately before it
(first posterior cell actually opening on apical part of extreme apical part of
second vein); base of second submarginal cell either truncate and with an

288 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

appendix or acute and without an appendix; outer or posterior vein of first
posterior cell at a higher level than posterior vein of third posterior cell.

Abdomen, in 9° at least, with the bullae very small or minute; tergite 8
smaller and narrower than in most genera and retractable into 7; oviscape
smallish, with a row of stoutish spines on each side as in most other genera.

Legs (cf. pl. 2, fig. 1, below) with both front and middle femora armed with
a row of slender, bristle-like spines on outer side below; hind femora not
thickened, clavate, and are not unarmed as stated by Bezzi, but are armed with
either a single row of slender, bristle-like spines below, or also with a second
row on outer side (cf. text-fig. 18A, right below); tibiae armed with rather
numerous spicules; pulvilli reduced, relatively shorter or smaller, not reaching
apices of claws.

The type-species of the genus is znermis Bezzi which is represented in the
South African Museum by a solitary 2 specimen. I have since collected a
2 specimen of still another species. Both species occur in very dry and semi-arid
regions. Bezzi’s species was collected in Namaqualand and the other in the
Koup Karoo. The males of both are still unknown. The two known species may
be separated as follows:

(a) Antennal club about as long as antennal segments 1, 2 and 3 combined; clypeus, sides of
thorax, disc of thorax, postalar calli, metanotum dark or black; hind margins of last two
tergites not very broadly pale or yellowish; basal yellow crescentic patches present on each
side only on tergites 2—4; last three sternites more brownish; bullae relatively larger, about
as long as knobs of halteres; base of second submarginal cell more truncate and with an
appendix; first posterior cell broadish apically; hind femora with only a single row of
bristle-like spines below .. as Se A = sis oe 2 inermis Bezz.

(b) Antennal club much longer than rest of antennal segments combined; clypeus, sides of
thorax, an antero-lateral infusion, two submedial streaks on disc of thorax, postalar calli
and sides of metanotum pale yellowish reddish to a variable extent; hind margins of last
two tergites also broadly pallid or very pale yellowish; pale yellowish, basal crescentic
patches present on each side of tergites 2-5 and indicated also on 6; last three sternites also
mainly yellowish discally; bullae minute, more puncture-like; base of second submarginal
cell distinctly acute; without an appensix; first posterior cell distinctly more narrowed
apically, more subacute; hind femora with a second row of bristle-like spines on outer side

© karooensis n.sp.

Halterorchis inermis Bezz.

Halterorchis inermis Bezzi, 19246: 217.

This species described by Bezzi is briefly characterized as follows:

Body with the clypeus brownish, the sides of thorax, postalar calli, scutellum
and metanotum mainly dark or black; crescent-shaped, yellowish patches
present on dorsum basally on each side of tergites 2-4 and indistinctly on 5;
last three sternites more brownish yellowish; pleurae mainly dark; front and
middle femora darkened above, the hind ones not or scarcely so.

Vestiture mainly whitish and as described for genus.

Head (pl. 2, fig. 1, above) with the club of antennae subequal in length to
or as long as antennal segments 1, 2 and 3 combined; segment 3 a little longer
than 1 and 2 combined.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 289

Fic. 18a. Right wing of 2 Halterorchis inermis Bezz.
Below left: Dorsal view of left antenna of 2 Halterorchis karooensis n.sp.

Below right: Side view of left hind femur and tibia of same species, showing the
slender lateral and ventral spines on femur and rather numerous longish spicules
on tibia.

Wings (text-fig. 18A) with the base of second submarginal cell truncate,
and with a distinct appendix; first posterior cell broad apically, only a little or
scarcely narrower apically than second submarginal.

Abdomen with the bullae about as long as knobs of halteres; hairs on last
three tergites very pale fulvous yellowish brownish.

Legs (pl. 2, fig. 1, below) with only a single row of very slender, bristle-like
spines below on hind femora; pulvilli shortish, just about reaching middle of
claws.

Length of body: about 9 mm
Length of wing: about 7-88 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Okiep.

Halterorchis karooensts n.sp.

The @ of this second species from the Koup Karoo resembles inermis very
closely, but may at once be distinguished as follows:

Body with the clypeus, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax, postalar calli,
two longitudinal, submedial, discal streaks on thorax, and sides of metanotum
pale yellowish reddish; tergites 2-5 with crescent-shaped yellowish patches;
tergite 6 with a yellowish streak on each side discally; sides of tergites more or
less with a yellowish streak in apical halves and hind margins of 1-6 more
broadly yellowish, and even 7 narrowly so; entire venter mainly yellowish,
the sternites with a darkish streak on each side; pleurae with more yellowish
on propleural part above coxae, and also in pteropleural part below wing-bases.

Head with the antennal clubs (text-fig. 18A, left below) relatively longer,
much longer than rest of antennal segments combined; segment 3 markedly
short, subequal in length to segments 1 and 2 combined.

Wings with the base of second submarginal cell acute, appearing stalked,
farther away from apex of first basal cell, without an appendix; first posterior

290 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

cell distinctly more narrowed apically, subacute, much narrower apically than
second submarginal.

Abdomen with the bullae minute, punctiform; hairs on tergites 7 and 8
slightly darker, more fulvous brownish or golden brownish.

Legs with two rows of slender, bristle-like spines on hind femora (text-fig.
18A, right below), the second row along lower outer face; pulvilli distinctly
longer, extending a little beyond middle of claws.

Single 2 holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 12 mm
Length of wing: about 9 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Voélfontein in the Prince Albert division

(A. J. Hesse, March—April 1929).

NOTHOMYDAS n.gen.

A single 3 specimen, in the category of the division with a double aedeagus
and collected on the South West African side of Vioolsdrif along the Orange
River, obviously belongs to a remarkable new genus which differs from all the
other known South African genera, with the exception of Haplomydas, in the
presence of only 7 tergites and sternites and the structure of its hypopygium. In
some of its characters it shows some affinities with the genera Haplomydas,
Halterorchis and Cephalocera. ‘Taxonomically it is to be accommodated in the tribe
Syllegomydaini.

It is characterized by the following combination of characters:

Head broader than thorax, somewhat flattened antero-posteriorly, the
occipital part not very convex; interocular space on vertex much broader than
that below; eyes large; vertex rather sunk in medially; ocellus scarcely visible,
vestigial or wanting; antennae (cf. text-fig. 18B, top left) markedly short, seg-
ment 1 longer than 2, segment 3 relatively short, much shorter than club, the
latter inflated, pyriform, subequal in length to, or a little longer than, rest of
segments combined, its sensory area terminal; clypeus relatively small; pro-
boscis comparatively long and slender as in Cephalocera, longer than thorax, its
labella elongate oval, in side-view, rather broad; palps distinct; postvertical
spines not evident.

Thorax quadrangular; humeral tubercles comparatively small.

Wings relatively narrowish, venation much as in Afroleptomydas; first pos-
terior cell however opening on second vein, narrowly or broadly; base of second
submarginal cell without or with a very short or rudimentary appendix;
apex of discoidal cell stalked; alula well developed, lobe-like.

Abdomen cylindrical, tapering slightly posteriorly, remarkable in having,
apart from the hypopygial structures, only 7 tergites and sternites, not 9 tergites
and 8 sternites as in gg of other genera, tergite 8 and basal part of 9 and sternite
8 being hidden, not externally visible, or wanting; tergite 2 conspicuously
transversely depressed some distance away from its base; posterior lateral lobes
of tergite 9 (cf. text-fig. 18B, below left (IX.T.) and below right (IX.T.)) how-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 291

ever, unlike the usual triangular, non-modified, lobe-like extensions of all
other South African genera, modified to take part in the copulatory act, pro-
jecting as an arched, broadish, flattened, straplike process on each side from
below hind margin of tergite 7 (VII) to the hypopygial sternite 9 (IX.S.), its
base broadened and its apical part truncate (cf. enlarged tip to left of text-fig.
18B, below right) and on each side twisted more obliquely vertical to rest on
apical indentation of sternite 9; anal lobes isosceles-triangle-like, markedly
narrowed basally (cf. dorsal view in text-fig. 18B, right below) ; tergite 1 slightly
depressed above; bullae rather small, widely separated above.

Hypopygium itself (cf. text-fig. 18B, below left, below right and top right)
with sternite 9 navicular, scoop-like, its apical part indented V-shaped (cf.
text-fig. below middle), the edge of the indentation (or what corresponds to the
rim of the scoop) on each side raised carinately, and slightly externally to this
the apical part of the sternite is produced posteriorly on each side into a
flattened, bluntly pointed process or prong, slightly hollowed below and, on
inner side, continuous with the carinately raised edge beginning at apex of
apical indentation of the sternite; aedeagus (text-fig., top right) ending in two
phallic tubes, the apical part of each of which is curved forwards and slightly
outwards, and without any visible epimere.

Legs comparatively shortish; front and middle femora with shortish,
bristle-like spines along inner surfaces below; hind femora only slightly clavately
thickened, with a row of shortish spines along outer lower surfaces which
become longer towards apex and also double near apex; front and middle tibiae
slightly curved, the hind ones less so, in apical part, non-carinate below, without
an apical process, and with a row of spicules along outer apical half; front and
middle tibiae with a crown of about 4 spurs apically and hind ones with about 8
of which the medial ones below are the longest; claws slender, curved hook-like
apically; pulvilli well developed, broad, extending to curve of claws.

Integument of greater part of head dull, excepting shining boss-like sides of
vertex, centro-frontal ridge, clypeus, head below, and first antennal segment;
integument of thorax above, scutellum, metanotum, greater part of abdomen
above, pteropleural and posterior pleural parts also dull; that of tergite 1, sides
and lateral articulating surfaces of rest, bullae, venter and legs more or less
shining.

Vestiture not very well developed, not very dense, with the individual hairs
finely serrate or ctenate, those on vertex, anterior part of frons, clypeus, sparsely
on head below, and across upper part of occiput longish, the rest of head densely
covered with tomentum, except along central frontal ridge; hairs on thorax
above shortish, not very dense, slightly longer and denser on humeral tubercles
and along notopleural part and postalar calli; metanotum bare; pleurae with a
tuft of longish hairs on posterior upper part of mesopleuron, on pteropleuron
and metapleural part in front of halteres, the rest of pleurae bare except for
sparse tomentum in posterior part; hairs on tergite 1, especially on sides, also
longish; those on sides of tergite 2 and to a certain extent 3 sparse and a little

292 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

longer than relatively less dense and shorter ones on rest of segments; more than
apical halves of tergites up to 5 dulled by tomentum and 6 and 7 entirely
tomented discally; sternite 9 (hypopygial part) with longish hairs on sides, its
processes also with hairs laterally below; hairs on legs not very dense, with some
longish ones on inner basal part and along lower surface of hind femora and
sparse longish ones along inner lower parts of hind tibiae; tibiae however with
denser shortish hairs, but those along hinder outer parts of front and middle
ones longer than rest, the front tibiae with denser shortish ones below.

From the aberrant genus Haplomydas, of which the 3g also have only 7
visible tergites, no visible tergite 8 and partially modified lobes of tergite 9,
this new genus may at once be distinguished by the distinctly much more
modified lobes of tergite 9, differently-shaped processes of sternite 9, the absence
of even a vestige of sternite 8, the much longer proboscis, a posterior cell which
does not open on costal margin, non-incrassate hind femora, etc.

From Halterorchis, of which only 99 are known, which has similar short
antennae, it differs in the very much longer proboscis, absence of an ocellus,
more uniformly distributed hairs on thorax above, longer metanotum, charac-
teristic transverse depression across tergite 2 some distance away from base,
broader wings, much shorter basitarsi, etc.

From Cephalocera, in the next tribe, which it resembles superficially in
general appearance and in the relatively long proboscis, it may however at once
be distinguished by the posterior vein of third posterior cell in wings which does
not originate in the anal cell, by the absence of visible tergites 8 and 9 and
sternite 8, and by the entirely differently-shaped lobes of tergite 9 and different
type of hypopygium.

The type-species of this new genus is Nothomydas gariepinus n.sp. described
below. The specific name is derived from the old Hottentot name ‘Gariep’ for
the Orange River.

Nothomydas gariepinus n.sp.

The ¢ specimen is characterized as follows:

Body elongate, asilid-like, mainly dark or black; antennae dark blackish
brownish; postalar calli reddish brownish; anterior thoracic spiracular area,
posterior sutural part of mesopleuron and area below base of halteres reddish
brownish; area of hind margin of tergite 2 below bullae tinted obscurely
yellowish brownish; hind margins of tergites 4—6 dirty yellowish whitish, with a
slight touch of reddish brownish, the sides apically of these tergites, especially 7,
also tinted obscurely reddish brownish (showing through dark tomentum) ;
hind margins of sternites 5—7 also obscurely somewhat reddish brownish; ster-
nite g and its processes mainly yellowish brownish; bullae shining black,
elongate-oval; legs with the femora dark or blackish brownish, paler below,
their bases, trochanters, and hinder part of posterior coxae more yellowish
brownish, the knees of femora and extreme lower apical parts more yellowish,
the tibiae slightly paler than femora, more yellowish brownish, and the tarsi,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 203

Vil

lay
Ly

Fic. 188
Top left: Side view of head of $ Nothomydas gariepinus n.gen. et n.sp.
Below left: Posterior oblique view of posterior half of abdomen and hypopygium of same species.
Below middle: Posterior view of apical part of sternite 9 showing V-shaped apical indentation.
Below right: Enlarged dorsal view of hypopygium and, on left, apex of process (lobe) of tergite 9.
Top right: Side and ventral views of aedeagus and two phallic tubes.

(AL = anal lobes; IX.S = sternite 9; IX.T = lobe or process of tergite 9; Pr.IX.S. = process
of sternite 9; V, VI, VII = abdominal segments 5-7.)

especially front and middle ones, even paler, more yellowish; curved apical
part of claws blackish.

Integument with the dull and shining parts as described for genus; dull, matt
thorax above and metanotum finely leathery in appearance; dull discal parts
of tergites of abdomen due to dark dull tomentum; integument of abdomen
transversely striate, more evident on less dull and more shining sides of tergites
and on venter; shining integument of legs also with fine transverse striae.

Vestiture mainly pale; longish hairs on each side of vertex, on frons
anteriorly, clypeus and sparsely on head below entirely snow whitish; fine
shortish ones on disc of thorax gleaming silky or even silvery in certain lights;
longer, more apparently serrated, ones on sides of thorax, notopleural part,
base of thorax, on postalar calli, scutellum, posterior part of mesopleuron, on
pteropleuron, in front of halteres, on tergite 1 (especially sides) and on posterior

“204 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

coxae also entirely snow whitish; more slender longish hairs on sides of tergite
2 and sides basally of 3 also whitish; very short, fine, decumbent ones on rest of
tergal surfaces gleaming slightly more sericeous yellowish, slightly longer along
extreme sides; hairs on venter sparser than above, more whitish basally, but
gleaming more pale sericeous yellowish posteriorly; hairs on sides of sternite 9
and below laterally on its processes longish, more sericeous yellowish; longish
hairs on legs snow whitish, the shorter ones, especially on tibiae and tarsi,
gleaming more yellowish, but appearing sericeous whitish in certain lights;
dense tomentum on head greyish yellowish, that discally on tergites dark, and
that on posterior half of pleurae sparse and greyish; spines on femora and
spicules on tibiae and tarsi yellowish.

Head with the proportions of interocular space on vertex to that on head
below as 30:20; antennae (text-fig. 18B, top left) with segment 1 only slightly
thickened, quite twice length of 2; segment 3 about twice length of 1 and very
much shorter than club, its apical part thickened, well marked off from the
rest; club inflated, pyriform, broadest beyond middle, not visibly constricted
basally, subequal in length to rest of segments combined, its integument
roughened, more or less transversely shallowly grooved and scabrous in more or
less apical half, its sensory area gleaming slightly silvery in certain lights,
occupying almost entire terminal part (except for a narrowish lateral part),
more sunk in and hollowed out in lower aspect; clypeus with its dorsal length
subequal to that of antennal segment 3; proboscis about 3 mm long; palps a
little longer than first antennal segment.

Wings not reaching apex of abdomen, reaching to about apex of tergite 6,
entirely clear hyaline; veins brownish, more yellowish at base of wings; apical
part of second submarginal cell narrower than that of first submarginal;
squamal margin yellowish whitish; halteres yellowish, the knobs yellowish
whitish above.

Legs with a row of 4-6 distinct, spicule-like spines along inner lower aspect
from about middle to apex on front femora; hind femora with a row of 8 or 9
shortish spines on feeble tubercular prominences along outer lower aspect from
near base to apex, those towards base shortest, and also with about 3 or 4
apically along inner aspect; hind tibiae with about 4 or 5 spicules along outer
lower aspect in apical half; basal segment of hind tarsi a little longer than claw-
segment, but those of front and middle tarsi considerably shorter.

Hypopygium (text-fig. 18B, below left, below right and top right) as described
for genus.

The unique holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 10-8 mm
Length of wing: about 6-25 mm

Distribution: North-west Cape: right bank of the Orange River at Viools-

drif (South African Museum Expedition, October 1966).

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 295

Genus and species of Syllegomydaini not identified
Midas dispar Lw.
Midas dispar Loew, 1862: 3, pl. 1, figs 2 and 3.
Leptomydas dispar Bezzi, 19245: 214.
Syllegomydas dispar Séguy, 1930: 653.
Syllegomydas (Leptomydas) dispar Bequaert, 1938: 3332.

This species, described from Inhambane in Portuguese East Africa by
Loew in 186g, is not present in any of the collections before me. Without seeing
the types or representatives of the species it is impossible to place it in its true
genus. Bezzi referred it to Leptomydas (Afroleptomydas). Séguy on the other hand
referred it to Syllegomydas and in this he was followed by Bequaert who listed it
in the same genus. From Loew’s description of the proboscis, of that of the ¢
at least, it is however quite evident that it cannot be included in the north
African Syllegomydas nor in my new subgenus Notobates, both of which have only a
vestigial or rudimentary proboscis. The apex of the first posterior cell, according
to Loew’s figures, too, is only angularly subtending on the costal margin, and
is not shown as distinctly or even shortly stalked.

According to the description and the figures it can either be referred to
Afroleptomydas (olim Leptomydas) as Bezzi maintained, or it can be placed in
either of the two genera Nomoneura Bezz. and my new genus Nomoneuroides. If
variability at the apex of the first posterior cell be ignored and the comparatively
short probocis be taken into account as well as the only slightly thickened hind
femora, inclusion in the genus Afroleptomydas becomes doubtful and the choice
must lie between Vomoneura and Nomoneurotdes.

Without an examination of the metanotum, pteropleuron and mesopleuron
for the presence or absence of hair, and a study of the aedeagal structures of the
g; it is however impossible to state to which of the latter two genera it belongs
if it is not referable to the former.

The abdominal pattern described by Loew, especially that of the 9, ought
to render the species easily recognizable. From the description of the two sexes
there is however also a suspicion that the g and @ do not belong to the same
species.

Cephalocerini n.tribe

To this new tribe of the subfamily Syllegomydainae the two genera
Cephalocera Latr. and a new genus Cephalocerodes, are referred. Both these genera
are characterized by the anomalous origin of the posterior vein of the third
posterior cell in the wings, which vein in both the other two tribes, the Mydasel-
pini and Syllegomydaini, has its origin in the apical cross-vein of the second
basal cell, but in these two genera it arises from the distal or apical part of the
cubital vein or posterior vein of the second basal cell.

Other supplementary characters, which these two genera have in common
and by which they differ from other genera, are the long, stethoscope-like,
inwardly-curved, phallic tubes of the aedeagus of which the basal part is

296 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

situated in front of a medial, shield-like, posterior sclerite in the scoop-like
ninth sternite; the latter sternite itself being usually dorso-ventrally flattened,
navicular or scoop-like.

Genus CEPHALOCERA Latr.
Cephalocera Latreille, 1829: 480. Macquart (in part), 1838: 13. Westwood (in part), 1841: 55.
Walker (in part), 1854: 372-376. Gerstaecker (in part), 1868: 77. Kertész (in part), 1909:
43. Bezzi, 1924): 194 and 227. Séguy, 1928: 134. and 146. Bequaert, 19614, 37 (No. 19): 4, 10
and 14. Bequaert, 1963: 55.
Midas Wiedemann (in part), 1829, 15: 53, pl. 54, fig. 21. Wiedemann (in part), 1830, 2: 630.

This genus, which appears to be more or less restricted to the western and
north-western, and to a lesser extent southern, parts of South Africa, and which
has not been recorded from the far eastern Cape and eastern parts of the
Republic, is easily recognizable by the venation in the wings. In this respect
representatives of it cannot be confused with any other South African genus
except the new genus Cephalocerodes described farther on. Briefly it is charac-
terized as follows:

Body elongate, the abdomen elongate, and in gg slender and cylindrical.

Integument of head in front and pleural parts usually shining; that of thorax
above and of metanotum more usually dull or vermicellately rugulose to a
variable extent.

Vestiture on head, body and legs usually well developed, or even long and
dense, more so in §, rarely mainly bare, even in 99; metanotum, mesopleuron
and pteropleuron bare. :

Head with the proboscis characteristic, very slender, horny, usually long,
much longer than in other genera, projecting straight forwards, usually much
longer than antennae, its labella small and horny; palps, though small, dis-
tinctly perceptible as short, finger-like structures; antennae usually long, with
elongate, elongata-conical, or elongate-pyriform clubs, but occasionally shortish
and with inflated or more pyriform clubs; median ocellus very narrow, rudi-
mentary, scarcely perceptible.

Wings rather shortish in some species, very characteristic in that the
posterior vein of the third posterior cell originates from anterior vein of anal
cell in its apical part posterior to apical cross-vein of second basal cell, not from
apical cross-vein of latter cell as in all other genera, except the next genus
Cephalocerodes; third posterior cell thus tending to be broad or much broadened
basally; outer or posterior vein of first posterior cell joining second vein near
its apex as in Nomoneura, Neolaparopsis, Arenomydas and Syllegomydas and not
consistently the costal margin as in Afroleptomydas, the first posterior cell thus
closed and distinctly stalked apically; base of second submarginal cell usually
broadish, not narrowed and angular, with an appendix; apical part of third
posterior cell rarely not very broad on first posterior cell.

Legs with the hind femora thickened or even markedly incrassate to a
variable extent in 33, less so in 29 and sometimes only slightly so, armed below
with two rows of spines, sometimes situated on rather prominent tubercles (in

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 297

some species the hind femora in 3 also have some spines or bristle-like spines
along side apically) ; tibiae with the hind ones usually shortened, much shorter
than femora, all the tibiae with relatively few spicules, only the apical spurs
being distinct, and on hind ones a few small ones apically below; hind tibiae
sometimes with a very slight prominence apically below, but usually with a
slight carinate ridge below, developed to a variable extent, or at least present
in basal half.

Genital segments in 9° as in most other genera, with the last perpendicular
sclerite centrally sharply carinate, the second part or lobe of this oviscape-
sclerite on each side also with a row or half circlet of broadish, stoutish, flattened,
blunt spines as in most other genera; last horizontal tergite (8) in 9° apically
slightly arcuately rounded, its hind margin slightly thickened medially.

Hypopygium of $3 with sternite g not covered by 8, in form of a dorsally
hollowed out scoop-like, spoon-like or boat-shaped structure of which the
hind rim or margin is medially incised to a variable extent, sometimes deeply
indented V-shaped, and the posterior half or less is usually also sutured or
grooved along the middle; processes of sternite 9 (cf. text-figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
shortish, broad, curved inwards and downwards, broadened spoon-like apically
to a variable extent, their apices touching or nearly touching along midline,
and in some species the process is bilobed or forked apically or has an apical
lobe and a ventral, somewhat angular, projection; aedeagal apparatus charac-
teristic, in form of two curved, stethoscope-like, phallic tubes, sometimes
slightly laterally compressed, projecting upwards from the bottom of the
scoop-like sternite g and each curved inwards at an elbow-like part, the one
usually crossing the other at level of processes of sternite 9 and each ending in
a slight funnel-shaped gonopore; basal part of this aedeagal apparatus, or the
phallic tubes, hidden by a distinct, medial, shield-like, posterior sclerite (when
viewed from behind).

The type-species of the genus is Midas longirostris Wied. s.str. and not the
‘longirostris’ figured in Cuvier’s ‘Régne animal (n.ed.) Insectes, Atlas 2, pl. 172,
fig. 1’ of 1829, which latter species does not appear to belong to the genus
Cephalocera at all.

The genus is fairly well represented in South Africa and 28 species are
dealt with in this revision. These known species may be separated in the
following key as follows:

1. (a) Thorax above distinctly or more coarsely vermicellately rugulose, often somewhat
shining, with either a submedial streak or line of coarser, sometimes more longitudinal,
rugae, extending on each side from humeral tubercle to base, or with a distinct depressed
line or groove extending from humeral part to beyind middle; extreme sides of thorax
in notopleural part rather broadish and conspicuous, especially in 99; hairs on thorax
above arranged in only 4 longitudinal streaks, the broad bare central one without any
hairs and the submedial bare streak on each side without any, or with much fewer and

sparser hairs; metanotum usually also more coarsely rugulose, or vermicellately rugulose
discally and usually more coarsely convergently striate on sides . . 2 (dd) 10 (22)

(6) Thorax above smooth, dull, more leathery, or with only very fine microsculpture,
without a very distinct or well-defined, submedial streak of coarser rugae or a depressed

298

2. (a)
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3. (a)
(0)
4. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

line on each side from humeral part; extreme sides of thorax in notopleural part nar-
rower, less conspicuous, even in 99; hairs on thorax above usually denser, arranged in
at least 5 streaks, being also present to a variable extent in a narrow central line or
streak along the broad central bare streak, and the broadish submedial bare streak on
each side distinct only in hinder half, its front part behind humeral tubercle also occu-
pied by fairly dense hairs; metanotum usually smoother, or with distinctly less coarse
sculpture iM ie ae ae Hs oa ae -- 16 (38) 30 (99)

Sternite g not deeply and widely indented or gaping V-shaped in apical part, its apical
part on each side without any inwardly-projecting dentate and lobe-like process; the
normal process on each side not distinctly forked, bilobate or bidentate apically;
anal lobes depressed and dull above; clypeus usually larger, longer dorsally, usually
much longer than combined length of antennal segments 1 and 2; thorax above more
finely vermicellately rugulose, the submedial narrowish streak of slightly coarser, or
more longitudinal, rugae on each side behind humeral tubercles not, or not distinctly,
replaced in more than anterior half by a depressed line or groove; hind margins of most,
or all, tergites from 2 to apex whitish or yellowish, even if only discally; bullae usually
palerager: oe 36 80 S60 ae Se O6 : 3
Sternite g deeply and widely gaping or indented V-shaped in apical part, its apex on
each side ending in a distinct inwardly and slightly upwardly projecting dentate and
lobe-like process; the normal processes distinctly forked or bidentate or indented
apically; anal lobes depressed and shining above; clypeus usually smaller, shorter dor-
sally, usually scarcely, or not, longer than antennal segments 1 and 2 together; thorax
above distinctly and markedly more coarsely vermicellately rugulose or rugose, with a
distinct longitudinal furrow or depressed line on each side from humeral tubercles to
beyond middle; hind margins of tergites from 2 to apex not all whitish or yellowish;
bullae usually darker .. be oe ts es ye we ne ae 7

Infuscation in wings, if present, much paler, more yellowish brownish, either occupying
more or less anterior half or slightly more up to third posterior cell, or sometimes appear-
ing more bifasciate, the first submarginal cell being clear in its apical half; veins in
apical part without any fuscous borders, except at extreme base of some of them; anal
cell and usually also second basal cell clear; anterior and posterior veins of third posterior
cell without fuscous borders; discoidal cell without a conspicuous central clear streak;
sides of abdomen more usually more extensively pale or yellowish and, if not, wings only
tinted in anterior half; rings of greyish tomentum across hind margins of tergites usually
broader; hind femora less extensively darkened, their bases, lower surfaces and apices
usually paler, more yellowish; antennal clubs relatively shorter, much or very much
shorter than segment 3, less distinctly constricted basally, more pyriform or elongate
pyriform, their sensory area proportionally smaller, usually occupying less than apical
third si i ee a ae se ee ie ae - or 4

Infuscation in wings very characteristic, very dark blackish brown, appearing trifasciate,
the base, costal, marginal, first and second and anal cells darkly infuscated, the apical
half of first submarginal cell and the discoidal cell centrally clear or clearer; veins in
apical and hinder parts with fuscous borders; sides of tergites I-5 more narrowly whitish
on extreme sides; rings of greyish whitish tomentum across hind margins of tergites
confined to the narrowish whitish hind margins; hind femora and greater part of hind
tibiae very dark or blackish; clubs relatively longer, more elongate, more subspindle-
shaped, a little shorter than segment 3, more distinctly constricted at base, their sensory
area larger, occupying at least apical third site Be ne 3 michenert n.sp.

Antennae much longer, segment 3 much more than half length of thorax, sometimes
only a little shorter than length of latter, the clubs more elongate or elongate-pyriform ;
proboscis slightly longer; clypeus on the whole paler, not entirely black, and humeral
tubercles, sides of thorax above, sides of metanotum to a variable extent, more extensive
sides of abdomen, hind part of metapleurae, and greater part of, or entire, legs yellowish;
hairs on vertex and thorax above entirely snow whitish like rest of hairs on body and
legs; integument of thorax above more finely vermicellately rugulose; wings usually
with the anterior half up to base of second submarginal cell tinted yellowish or yellowish

(5)
5- (4)
(6)
6. (a)
(0)
7- (2)
(b)
8. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 299

brownish to a variable extent, even if only faintly; legs longer, more slender, and hind
femora longer, more clavately thickened, with a longer slender basal part .. AS 5

Antennae very much shorter, segment 3 much shorter, only about, or scarcely longer
than, half length of thorax, the clubs relatively shorter, broader, more pyriform; pro-
boscis relatively shorter; clypeus, humeral tubercles, sides of thorax above, metanotum
and metapleurae entirely black, extreme sides of abdomen less extensively yellowish
and only so in basal part, and femora mainly or more extensively darkened; hairs on
vertex and thorax above discally more yellowish or yellowish brownish than snow
whitish hairs on rest of body and legs; integument of thorax above appearing slightly
more coarsely, more areolately, rugulose; wings greyish hyaline, not tinted in anterior
half; legs relatively shorter, and hind femora shorter, thickened more subspindle-like,
with a shorter basal part we ie we aes A ue ihe ft 6

Body with the yellow or yellowish reddish parts more extensive; sides of clypeus more
extensively yellowish; humeral tubercles and sides of thorax more broadly yellowish;
sides of metanotum with a much larger yellowish infusion; front and middle femora
more extensively yellowish, scarcely darkened above is 3 longirostris (Wied.)

Yellow and yellowish reddish parts slightly less extensive; sides of clypeus more exten-
sively darkened; humeral tubercles and sides of thorax entirely dark, or former only
obscurely yellowish; metanotum either almost entirely dark or yellowish on sides less
extensive and indistinct; front and middle femora, and even hind ones apically, tending
to more darkened above ae Be Be .. 6 longirostris (Wied.) (form of)

Wings only greyish hyaline, not tinted; venter paler, more yellowish in basal half;
bullae relatively larger, more bean-shaped, the space between them narrower, only
about vertical width of bullae; rings of greyish tomentum across hind margins of tergites
relatively narrower, less conspicuous; legs relatively more slender, the hind femora more
subspindle-shaped, more narrowed apically, the legs on the whole paler, especially
front and middly tibiae; hairs on disc of thorax and along notopleural part distinctly
more fulvous yellowish and shorter ones on femora and tibiae slightly more yellowish
or fulvous; processes of sternite g smoother, their lower apical angle more sharply
produced BS “8 Sy ae aa S propinqua n.sp.
Wings distinctly tinted smoky brownish in anterior half; venter entirely dark; bullae
relatively smaller, more oval, the space between them broader, much broader than their
vertical length; rings of greyish tomentum across hind margins of tergites relatively
broader, more conspicuously silvery; legs relatively stouter, the hind femora more
clavately thickened, broader apically, the legs on the whole darker, more brownish,
especially front and middle tibiae; hairs on disc of thorax paler, more pale greyish
yellowish and those along notopleural part more contrastingly whitish, and shortish
hairs on femora and tibiae also more whitish; processes of sternite g more coarsely
punctured, their lower apical angle distinctly less sharply produced .. 6 deceptan.sp.

Processes of sternite g distinctly bidentate or bilobate apically, hollowed below, project-
ing some distance posterior to the inwardly projecting dentate process at apex on each
side of V-shaped indentation; anal lobes and lateral lobes of tergite g much longer;
abdomen not bicolorous, mainly or entirely dark, the whitish hind margins of tergites
2-4 or 5 very conspicuous; bullae black, separated above by a distance much less than
their vertical length; antennae distinctly longer than thorax, segment 3 very much longer
than interocular space on vertex; larger forms, more than 12 mm long

Processes of sternite 9 only slightly indented or emarginate apically, much flattened,
lying against or touching the inwardly projecting apical dentate process on each side
of V-shaped indentation of sternite g; anal lobes and lateral lobes of tergite g markedly
short; abdomen bicolorous, orange yellowish on greater part of tergite 1 and on 2-4,
the hind margins of 2-4, more yellowish whitish, less conspicuous; bullae more reddish
brownish, separated above by a space subequal to their vertical length; antennae much
shorter, subequal in length to, or only a little longer than, thorax, segment 3 shorter
than interocular space; shorter species, about 12 mm long 3 xerophila n.sp.

Wings, relative to body, markedly short and broad, very darkly infuscated blackish
brownish almost throughout; posterior vein of second submarginal cell markedly curved

300

(0)

(d)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

backwards near base; hairs on head, body and legs entirely dark or black; thorax above
distinctly more coarsely vermicellately rugulose, this sculpture extending up to scutellum,
the disc of thorax without distinct reddish streaks; pleurae with coarser sculpture;
abdomen slender, more so in middle, tergite 1 distinctly more transversely wrinkled on
sides; hind margins of tergites 6 and 7 not dulled a tomentum; anal lobes and lateral
lobes of tergite 9 distinctly shorter .. : oe 3 nigerrima n.sp.

Wings either normally long or, if orenel not intensely very darkly infuscated;
posterior vein of second submarginal cell not markedly curved backwards near Tnesee
hairs on head, body and legs not entirely dark, those on head and thorax at least snow
whitish; thorax above usually less coarsely rugulose, the sculpture becoming finer or
ceasing before scutellum, the disc of thorax with distinct reddish streaks; pleurae
scarcely or less coarsely sculptured or striated; abdomen either stouter or, if slender, less
markedly so in middle, tergite 1 not so coarsely striate on extreme sides; hind margins
of tergites 6 and 7 dulled by tomentum; anal lobes and lateral lobes of tergite 9 rela-
tively longer .. 40 as a6 : oy ; 4 ae 9

Smaller, more slender species, the Raa more deen wings, salve to body,
shorter, clearer, except for some brownish infuscation in basal halves of marginal and
first submarginal cells and apical half of first basal cell; veins darker; central discal part
of thorax black and metanotum entirely black; abdomen more coarsely and fairly densely
punctured on tergites 6 and 7, and most of the hairs paler; antennae much shorter, less
stout, segment 3 very much shorter, much less than 2 mm; proboscis longer, about 4:52
mm; legs much darker, more slender, the hind femora relatively less incrassate, and
hind tibiae more slender, only a littleshorterthanfemora .. 3 caffrariensis n.sp.

Larger, bulkier species, the abdomen stouter; wings distinctly longer, markedly broadish,
entirely subopaquely faintly greyish yellowish; veins paler, pale yellowish; central
discal part of thorax, as well as the two submedial streaks, reddish, and sides of metano-
tum also partly reddish; abdomen more sparsely punctured posteriorly, and most of
the hairs from tergite 3 above and below dark; antennae very much longer, stouter,
segment 3 markedly long and stoutish, quite 2 mm. long; proboscis shorter, only about
3-6-4 mm long; legs paler, with more yellowish, stouter, the hind femora relatively more
incrassate, and hind tibiae stouter, distinctly much shorter than the femora

3 macrocera n.sp.

Thorax above more finely vermicellately rugulose, the submedial narrowish streak of
coarser rugae on each side behind humeral tubercle not replaced in more than anterior
half by a distinct depressed line or furrow-like groove; metanotum yellowish or reddish
on sides to a variable extent; bullae usually paler .. 3 ae oe II

Thorax above distinctly more coarsely rugose or ee eae edie usually with a
distinct longitudinal narrow furrow or depressed line on each side from humeral part
to beyond middle; metanotum entirely dark or black; bullae usually darker and, if
pale, thorax is coarsely sculptured .. aie ac as ate Bie 60 13

Antennae longer, segment 3 being considerably longer than interocular space on vertex,
the clubs more elongate; hairs on vertex and thorax above whitish; thorax above more
extensively yellowish reddish around humeral tubercles, shoulders, along sides and
across base, usually also with two submedial discal streaks; yellowish hind margins of
tergites 2-4 broader, more conspicuous; yellowish sides of tergites 1-3 usually more
extensive; bullae larger, paler, pale yellowish brownish or ochreous; hind legs entirely
yellowish like rest, or scarcely darkened apically above, with more yellowish spines on
hind femora below; wings longer, nearly or about as long as abdomen, yellowish brown-
ish in anterior half up to end of first submarginal cell and to third posterior cell, the
middle of discoidal cell without a conspicuous clear central streak, and veins in apical
and hinder parts without conspicuous fuscous borders... 2 longirostris (Wied.)

Antennae shorter, segment 3 not, or scarcely, much longer than interocular space, the
clubs shorter, though more elongate-pyriform; hairs on vertex and thorax above darker,
more brownish; thorax above with narrower, less extensive, yellowish around shoulders,
along sides and across base, and without any submedial streaks; yellowish or whitish
on sides of tergites 1-4 narrower, less extensive, and yellowish whitish hind margins of
2-4 very much narrower; bullae smaller, more orange to reddish brownish; hind legs

13.

14.

- (2)

(b

=

(2)

(5)

(a

a

(5)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 301

with the femora darker, either more brownish above or entirely dark, their spines below
darker, and hind tibiae darkened apically; wings relatively shorter, shorter or much
shorter than abdomen, either characteristically infuscated very dark blackish brown or
tinted yellowish brownish to end of costal cell and posterior vein of third posterior cell,
sometimes with a conspicuous central clear or whitish streak in discoidal cell and the
veins in apical and hind parts (except posterior vein of anal cell) with very dark, con-
spicuous fuscous borders (if not other characters conform) ae a eae

Wings only tinted pale yellowish brownish in anterior half up to end of costal cell and
posteriorly to third posterior cell, the veins in apical and hind parts without apparent
fuscous borders; hairs on thorax above, metapleural part, sides of tergites 1 and 2, coxae
and femora distinctly longer, the hind femora with numerous, conspicuous, longish
ones along inner and upper inner aspect; sides of abdomen basally more extensively
yellowish; bullae reddish brownish; legs distinctly paler, more yellowish, the hind
femora only darkened above from about middle; antennae proportionally slightly
longer, about 3-24 mm ts ae : : a Q nigrojubata n.sp.

Wings characteristically infuscated very Ae Wace brown, with a conspicuous clear,
whitish central streak in discoidal cell, the veins in apical and hind parts with very dark
and conspicuous fuscous borders; hairs on thorax above, metapleural part, sides of
tergites 1 and 2, coxae and femora relatively short, the hind femora without numerous
longish ones along inner and inner upper aspect; sides of abdomen basally more nar-
rowly yellowish whitish; bullae orange; legs distinctly darker, the upper parts of front
and middle femora and greater part or entire hind ones very dark brownish to blackish
brown; antennae proportionally shorter, only about 2-6-3 mm .. Q micheneri n.sp.

Abdomen not entirely dark or black, either tergites 2 and 3 or 1-4 contrastingly ochreous
yellowish or orange yellowish to a variable extent, even if only discally; metanotum
smoother in hinder part and its extreme sides with finer converging rugae; posterior
veins in wings not, or at least not all of them, with distinct fuscous borders; border at
apex of wings distinctly broader than broadest part of first posterior cell .. sae TA!

Abdomen, excepting certain whitish hind margins of tergites, entirely very dark blackish
brown or dark piceous brownish; metanotum distinctly, even if only finely, rugulose or
sculptured also in hinder part or half, and its extreme sides with coarser converging
rugae; all posterior veins with more distinct fuscous borders; border at apex of wings
distinctly narrower than broadest part of first posterior cell ate a bbs 23 0G}

Larger species, more than 12 mm long, with longer abdomen, its base, more than hinder
half discally of tergite 2 and discal part of 3 ochreous yellowish; clypeus, humeral tuber-
cles and an infusion near inner side of latter, extending backwards as a submedial discal
streak on each side, sides of thorax and postalar calli yellowish reddish; antennae very
much longer, stouter, segment 3 stouter, much longer than interocular space on vertex,
much longer than the distinctly elongate club; hairs on head, body and legs mainly
whitish; apical half of first submarginal cell and middle streak in discoidal cell clearer
than rest of infuscated anterior half of wings; hind tibiae, apart from apical spurs, with
more numerous and stouter spicules apically we ue ey @ brunnipes n.sp.

Smaller form, only about 11-12 mm long, with shorter, more cylindrical abdomen, of
which the greater part of tergite 1, almost entire 2 and sides above of 3 and 4 are ochreous
yellowish; clypeus castaneous brownish, and only humeral tubercles and postalar calli
dark piceous reddish; antennae much shorter, more slender, segment 3 shorter, slender,
shorter than width of interocular space, only a little longer than the more conical, or
subpyriform, club; hairs on frons anteriorly, face, base of abdomen, pleurae and to a
certain extent on hind femora tinted more yellowish or yellowish brownish; wings
slightly more extensively and uniformly infuscated in anterior half, the apical part of
first submarginal and middle of discoidal cells not much clearer than rest of infuscated
parts; hind tibiae with fewer and smaller spicules in apical part .. 2 xerophila n.sp.

Humeral tubercles, sides and base of thorax, as well as two submedial discal streaks to
about middle, more distinctly reddish; abdomen more cylindrical, less coarsely trans-
versely wrinkled apically; bullae reddish brownish; antennae relatively shorter, less
stout, segment 3 less stout, only a little longer than width of interocular space on vertex;
vestiture much longer and denser, that on head in front snow whitish like rest of hair on

302
(0)
16. (a)
()
17. (a)
()
18. (a)
(0)
19. (a)
(b)
20. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

thorax and base of abdomen, those on tergite 2, sides of 3 and even sides of 4, and those
on sternites 2-4 longish, as well as long ones on hind femora, mainly dark; wings more
uniformly dark brownish in anterior half and also in second basal cell, without, or
scarcely any, clearer streaks in this area; hind femora more spindle-shaped, with only
the extreme base and extreme base of hind tibiae yellowish whitish — Q. nigerrima n.sp.

Humeral tubercles very dark blackish reddish, and thorax above without any distinct
reddish, or with only indistinct dark reddish on sides, mainly black; abdomen more
flattened dorso-ventrally, apically more coarsely wrinkled; bullae shining black;
antennae distinctly much longer, markedly stoutish, segment 3 stout, much longer than
width of interocular space; vestiture much shorter, sparser, that on frons anteriorly
and on clypeus brownish, without any longish hairs on tergite 2 and sides of 3 or on
sternites 2-4, and the long ones on hind femora mainly whitish; wings less uniformly
infuscated, the second basal cell, middle of discoidal cell and middle’streak in first sub-
marginal cell, and apically in marginal cell, distinctly clear; hind femora more clavately
thickened, with nearly basal half, as well as basal half of hind tibiae, yellowish whitish

© disparilis n.sp.

Hind femora with only the normal double row of ae below and without spines or
bristle-like spines on outer side .. ae is : é : als 19)

Hind femora with some, or irregularly arranged, spines or bristles Tibet spines on outer
apical part or half in addition to the normal double row of ventral spines .. SOA:

Wings relatively longer, narrower, with a distinct, often conspicuous, infuscation, in the -
form of a distinct pattern, appearing more or less longitudinally bifasciate or even almost
trifasciate, with either a clear or clearer streak through at least apical half of first sub-
marginal cell and also through anterior part of second basal cell and middle of discoidal
cell, or only through latter, or through all of them to a variable extent .. Sia) aRLO

Wings tending to be relatively shorter and broader, either mainly or entirely, hyaline,
or if slightly tinted, more uniformly so, without a distinct and conspicuous bifasciate or
trifasciate pattern, and without a contrasting clearer streak through discoidal cell 23

Hairs on thorax above and sometimes also on vertex pale yellowish, yellowish, fulvous
to fulvous reddish; sides of thorax above not, or only more narrowly, yellowish reddish;
central dark infusion on metanotum more extensive, broader, not linear or line-like 19

Hairs on head, thorax above and on rest of body and legs entirely uniformly snow
whitish; sides of thorax above relatively more broadly or more distinctly yellowish
reddish; central dark infusion on metanotum usually narrower, more linear or line-like

22

Wings longitudinally infuscated bifasciately, only the marginal and first basal cells to
base of first posterior cell being entirely infuscated, the middle apical half of first sub-
marginal cell being clear, and costal cell, hinder half (including discoidal and second
basal cells) and apical part of wings also mainly or entirely clear, excepting only some
obscure fuscous borders along apical cross-vein of second basal cell and adjoining parts
of veins extending from it; sides and base of thorax above more extensively yellowish
reddish; hind femora more extensively darkened above and laterally; longish hairs on
legs mainly, or entirely, snow whitish; broadened, spoon-like, apical part of processes
of sternite 9 relatively broader .. =F a a 3 fascipennis Macq. s.str.
Wings infuscated more extensively or more or less trifasciately, the costal cell, entire or
greater part of second basal cell and along veins bounding third posterior cell being also
infuscated to a variable extent, the only clear areas being middle apical part of first
submarginal cell to a variable extent, middle parts of discoidal and third posterior cells,
anal cell, hind border and apical part of wings; sides and base of thorax above not
yellowish reddish or only obscurely so on sides; hind femora almost entirely yellowish or
luteous or, if darkened above and on sides, less extensively so; longish hairs on legs
tinted more yellowish and, if white, wings more extensively infuscated and also in
second basal cell and at base of third posterior cell; broadened apical part of processes of
sternite g relatively narrower aif a a ae ae we 55, S20

Metapleural part, sides of tergites 1-5 more broadly and extensively yellowish; legs much
paler yellowish or luteous, the femora less extensively darkened above; bullae much

(2)
21. (a)
(0)
22. (a)
(4)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 303

larger, more convex, separated above by a much shorter space, not much broader than
vertical length of bullae; abdomen above more sparsely punctured, tergites 1 and 2
discally with finer and sparser punctures, and rings of greyish whitish tomentum across
hind margins broader, extending basally over whitish hind margins; hind femora more
clavately incrassate, their bases more slender; discoidal cell apically usually as broad as,
or narrower than, third posterior cell; antennal clubs proportionally shorter, usually
much shorter than front tarsi, their length to that of segment 3 less than 17:20; processes
of sternite g not distinctly depressed indented below before lower apical angle (in dorsal
oblique view) .. Sas ae a we ie ae ee ay a ee

Metapleural part, sides of tergite 1 (except narrowish lateral part of hind margin)
black, sides of 2-5 more narrowly whitish; legs darker, more yellowish brownish, the
femora and tibiae distinctly more extensively darkened or brownish above and hind
ones more extensively dark; bullae much smaller, less convex, more broadly separated
above by a space about twice vertical width of bullae; abdomen above relatively more
densely aciculately punctured, tergites 1 and 2 discally with denser aciculate punctura-
tion, and rings of greyish tomentum narrower, confined to whitish hind margins; hind
femora distinctly less clavate, their bases less slender ; discoidal cell apically much broader
than third posterior cell; clubs proportionally longer, their length to that of segment 3
about as 17:20, usually subequal in length to front tarsi; processes of sternite 9 distinctly
slightly depressed indented before lower apical angle (in dorsal oblique view)

3 mimica n.sp.

Infuscated parts in wings less extensive, more brownish, the second basal cell and along
anterior vein of third posterior cell more faintly tinted; alula slightly smaller; clypeus
more castaneous brownish; postalar calli darker; metanotum more broadly blackened
medially and on sides; sides of tergites 1-4 less extensively yellowish; legs not almost
entirely yellowish or luteous, the hind coxae and greater upper and lateral parts of hind
femora blackish brown, the latter less thickened; vestiture slightly shorter, less dense,
and that on tergites 1 and 2 and legs relatively shorter, less dense, entirely whitish;
proboscis shorter, about 3-4 mm; antennae relatively shorter, about 2-75 mm

3 fascipennis Macq. (form of)

Infuscated parts in wings distinctly more extensive, more reddish brownish to chocolate
brownish, the costal cell, entire second basal cell and greater part of discoidal and third
posterior cells, excepting their clearer middle part, as darkly infuscated as anterior part
of wings, and even hind border posterior to third posterior cell sometimes faintly tinted
yellowish; alula larger, more lobe-like; clypeus paler yellowish; postalar calli distinctly
more extensively paler yellowish reddish; metanotum more narrowly blackened
medially; sides of tergites, especially 1-4, very broadly and extensively yellowish; legs
almost entirely luteous, or very pale contrastingly yellowish, the hind femora sometimes
only darkened above apically, the latter relatively more thickened; vestiture relatively
much denser, longer, markedly so on sides of tergites 1 and 2 and on femora, usually
tinted more yellowish to deep yellowish or fulvous; proboscis relatively longer, more than
3°4 mm; antennae distinctly longer than 2:75 mm .. & fascipennis var. luteipes n.

Proboscis longer, longer than 2-4 mm; wings with the infuscation more restricted, less
extensive and darker, the second basal cell, posterior part of discoidal cell and base of
third posterior cell not infused to the same extent, even if darker; apex of second sub-
marginal cell broader, not narrowed, usually about as broad as that of first posterior
cell; apex of discoidal cell usually with a longer stalk; hind tibiae with much longer
hairs along inner and lower part

6 albida Beq. n. comb. (= umbrina var. albida Beq.)

Proboscis shortish, only about 2-4 mm long; wings with a more diffused, less delimited,
more extensive and paler infuscation, the entire second basal cell, posterior part of dis-
coidal cell, and to a certain extent base of third posterior cell, being infused to a greater
extent; apex of second submarginal cell much narrowed, narrower than that of first
posterior cell; apex of discoidal cell very shortly stalked; hind tibiae with distinctly
shorter hairs along inner and lower part

3 meridionalis n.sp. (= fascipennis Bezzi nec Macquart)

eke

23. (a)

(o)

24. (a)

25. (a)

26. (a)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Wings distinctly longer, extending to near apex of abdomen; abdomen with hind margin
of tergite 1 dark, those of 2-6 or 7 broadly and conspicuously yellowish reddish; bullae
dark or blackish; bands of whitish tomentum across hind margins of tergites 3—7 triangu-
lar; legs pale yellowish brownish, the hind femora only darkened above; base of abdomen
with longish greyish yellowish hairs; broadened apical ee of processes of sternite 9
more bluntly hook-like below ae F a3 . 6 catalus Gerst. (ex descr.)

Wings markedly shortish, extending to, or oll: a little wereaen hind margin of tergite
4, falling far short of apex; hind margin of tergite 1 yellowish, those of 2-4 (or 5 or 6)
narrowly whitish; bullae yellowish brownish or orange brownish; bands of silvery
whitish tomentum across hind margins of tergites 3-7 band-like; legs on the whole
darker yellowish brownish to brownish, the front and middle femora darkened above,
and hind ones extensively blackish brownish; hairs at base of abdomen snow whitish
like rest of long ones on abdomen and femora; broadened apical part of processes of
sternite 9 only produced subangularly below ae th 3 brachyptera n.sp.

Wings tending to be narrower, with a very distinct dark brownish bifasciate or almost
trifasciate pattern, the marginal cell, at least basal half of first submarginal cell, entire
first basal cell to beyond in basal part of first posterior cell, and along basal cross-veins
and anterior vein of third of third posterior cell being darkly infuscated; bullae on the
whole darker, more orange brownish to dark reddish brownish; hairs on thorax above
more rufous or fulvous reddish; hind femora with more numerous spines and bristly
spines laterally in apical half, and with the shortish hairs between long ones deeper
yellowish or more fulvous, or even with some dark ones aA above; lobes of tergite
g relatively longer as Be eas)

Wings tending to be broader, ee tine Byalne or oe Meee any edie of an
infuscation, or only faintly tinted in marginal and first basal cells, distinctly without any
infusion or fuscous borders along basal and anterior veins of third posterior cell; bullae
usually paler, more yellowish or pale yellowish brownish; hairs on thorax above paler,
paler yellowish or greyish yellowish; hind femora with relatively fewer spines and spine-
like bristles laterally in apical half, and with their shortish hairs paler, more whitish;
lobes of tergite g relatively smaller, shorter oe ae a we so AD

Abdomen above and below almost entirely dull, only tergite 1 shining, relatively thicker,
with the sides of 2-4. more broadly yellowish and those of 5—7 more reddish on extreme
sides, the hind margins of 2—5 and sides of 6 and extreme postero-lateral angles of 7 more
broadly whitish (postero-lateral angles of 2-6 more broadly whitish), bullae dark
reddish brownish; clypeus larger, broader, more orange yellowish; humeral tubercles
pale yellowish and area around them and sides of thorax above more distinctly reddish;
pleural parts in front and below halteres more extensively reddish ; front and middle legs,
base of hind femora and basal half of hind tibiae paler yellowish; long hairs on hind
coxae and femora more dull yellowish, without any short dark ones apically on latter;
short decumbent hairs on abdomen above relatively denser, appearing more yellowish;
clubs more pyriform, much shorter than antennal segment 3; infuscated parts in wings
more dark reddish brownish; halteres pallid ws eis ae 3 umbrina Gerst.

Abdomen above and below distinctly shining, only dulled across hind margins of tergites
3-7 by bands of silvery whitish tomentum, with only sides of 2-4 yellowish whitish, the
hind margins of 2-4, sides of 5, and extreme postero-lateral angles of 6 more narrowly
whitish (postero-lateral angles of 2-5 less extensively whitish); bullae more yellowish
brownish; clypeus smaller, narrower, more brownish; humeral tubercles more brownish,
the area around them more obscurely very dark reddish; pleural parts in front of
halteres black, that below them more obscure brownish; front and middle legs more
brownish, the femora more darkened above, the hind ones almost entirely dark and
hind tibiae more dark reddish brownish; long hairs on coxae and femora whitish like
those at base of abdomen, the hind femora with distinct, shortish, dark hairs apically
above; short decumbent hairs on abdomen above relatively sparser, appearing paler;
clubs more elongate-conical, only a little shorter than segment 3; infuscated parts in
wings more smoky brownish; halteres brownish .. ave Be 3 imitata n.sp.

Wings relatively narrower, the marginal and first basal cells and base of first posterior
cell very faintly, but distinctly, tinted slightly yellowish; anterior margin of declivity of

(0)

27. (a)

(5)

28. (a)

(0)

29. (a)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 305

thorax in front and to a certain extent area around the yellowish humeral tubercles
distinctly reddish; sides of metanotum more extensively reddish; sides of tergites 1-5
more broadly yellowish reddish; hind margins of tergites 2-5 and sides of 6 more broadly
yellowish and their postero-lateral angles more broadly and extensively whitish; bullae
smaller, yellowish brownish, more widely separated above; hind margins of tergites
without any bands of distinct tomentum; basal half of venter paler, yellowish brownish,
the hind margins of sternites more broadly whitish; front and middle legs, base of hind
femora and basal half or more of hind tibiae paler, more yellowish or yellowish reddish;

proboscis shorter, about 3:6 mm long we ; ws 6 devia n.sp.

Wings distinctly broader, clear hyaline, faintly sili oni without any distinct
infuscation in marginal and first basal cells; area around yellowish humeral tubercles
black; sides of metanotum less extensively, only obscurely dark reddish; sides of tergites
1-3 less broadly yellowish brownish; hind margin of tergite 1 reddish brownish; those
of 2-5 and obscurely of 6, and extreme sides of 7 more narrowly whitish, their postero-
lateral angles not so broadly whitish; bullae much larger, more ochreous yellowish, more
narrowly separated above; hind margins of tergites with more distinct bands of greyish
tomentum; venter mainly dark, the hind margins of sternites only obscurely whitish
across 1-3 and mainly on sides; front and middle legs darker, more yellowish brownish,
more darkened above, and hind femora and tibiae, excepting the knees, mainly dark;
proboscis slightly longer, quite 4 mm a at ane af 6 riparia n.sp.

Wings, relative to body, much shorter, more darkly tinted or infuscated in anterior half;
antennae on the whole longer, segment 3 relatively much longer, nearly or quite 4 times
combined length of 1 and 2, and club elongate-conical, much shorter than segment 3;
metanotum more coarsely sculptured, more ridged on sides; hairs on thorax above
paler, paler yellowish and, if darker, antennal segment 3 is long; incrassate hind femora
more shortly spindle-shaped; processes of sternite 9 without a distinct indentation below
near apex and thus not spisatne with a ee upper lobe and a shortish prominence
below .. : : : vie 3 dysmachoides n.sp.

Wings, Repeats to ek, eaalic ere estas or aaly very slightly, tinted in anterior
half, or entirely more hyaline; antennae shorter, segment 3 relatively shorter, either not,
or not much more than 3 times combined length of segments 1 and 2, and club subglobu-
lar, more berry-shaped, either as long as, or longer than, scarcely shorter than, segment
3; metanotum smoother, or with finer microsculpture, its sides not coarsely ridged;
hairs on thorax above usually darker, more brownish, reddish brownish to dark
brownish; incrassate hind femora more elongate-spindle-shaped; processes of sternite 9
with a distinct emargination or identation below near apex to produce a longish upper
apical lobe and a shortish prominence below, appearing almost bilobate .. By PRS)

Antennae relatively shorter, segment 3 shorter, only a trifle more than twice combined
length of 1 and 2; silvery whitish tomentum on abdomen above narrower, confined as
narrowish bands across the whitish or yellowish whitish hind margins; hairs on sides of
thorax snow whitish, contrasting much with the dark brownish or fulvous ones on disc;
legs, especially upper surface of femora and greater part of hind femora, darker, more
dark castaneous brownish; hind femora relatively more incrassate . . a aon ZO)

Antennae relatively longer, segment 3 longer, quite 3 times combined length of 1 and 2;
whitish tomentum on abdomen broader, arranged in a discal triangle across and just
in front of the rather broadish yellowish reddish hind margins of tergites 3-7; hairs on
sides of thorax above more golden yellowish and those discally reddish brownish; legs
on the whole paler, more pale yellowish brownish, and hind femora only darkened
above; hind femora relatively less incrassate . . on .. 3d catalus Gerst. (ex descr.)

Hairs on thorax above and short ones discally above on tergites dark, dark blackish
brown; metanotum entirely dark; hind margins of tergites relatively more broadly
yellowish; bullae smaller, dark reddish brownish, more broadly separated above by a
space broader than vertical length of bullae; costal cell in wings clear like rest of wings;
discoidal cell, though narrowed apically, still relatively broadly truncate; hind. tibiae
relatively much longer, ending nearer base of femora; front and middle femora and
tibiae darker, more brownish; lobes of tergite 9 more pointed apically; apical lobe of
processes of sternite g less curved downwards 50 oie .. 6 brachycera Bezz.

306

30.

gI.

33:

(0)

(5)

(2)

(b

wa

(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Hairs on thorax above and short ones discally on tergites whitish, some pale fulvous
brownish ones also present discally on thorax, the very fine ones in streaks on thorax
being pale greyish yellowish; metanotum extensively yellowish on sides; hind margins of
tergites, though dull yellowish, with silvery gleaming tomentum, extending a little over
their basal margin, and only their extreme margins yellowish whitish; bullae much lar-
ger, shining black, bean-shaped, more narrowly separated above by a space much
narrower than vertical length of bullae; costal cell very faintly tinted yellowish; discoidal
cell more narrowed, acutely pointed apically; hind tibiae markedly shorter, ending
farther away from base of femora; front and middle femora more extensively yellowish
below, their tibiae pale yellowish; lobes of tergite 9 distinctly more rounded apically;
apical lobe of processes of sternite g distinctly more curved downwards
oS namaquensis N.sp.

Hind tibiae, apart from the apical spurs, without any or with only minute, scarcely
distinguishable, spicules in apical part below, and middle tibiae without any, or much
fewer, or with only fine hair-like, inconspicuous or indisguishable spicules below .. 31
Hind tibiae, apart from apical spurs, with distinct, strongly developed, or at least
distinguishable, spicules in apical part, apical third or more below, and middle tibiae
below also with more numerous, distinct, wees stoutish or bristle-like, easily
distinguishable spicules ae : se 336

Hairs on thorax, pleurae, tergites 1 aaa 2 na on ine very aries ne those on disc
of thorax not so conspicuously fulvous or reddish; sides of thorax and base more exten-
sively yellowish reddish or reddish; wings relatively shorter, broader, distinctly more, or
more darkly, infuscated in anterior half; antennae much longer, Mae 3 very much
more than 3 times combined length of 1 and 2 BE 32
Hairs on thorax, pleurae, tergites 1 and 2 and on legs Heate ana lene as ina 3, those
discally on thors fulvous or fulvous reddish; sides of thorax and its base either not, or
more narrowly and obscurely, yellowish or seratilte wings relatively narrower, longer,
tinted only faintly greyish yellowish; antennae much shorter, segment 3 being only a
little more than 3 times combined length of 1 and2.. at me © trichogyna n.sp.

Hind tibiae carinate below to only a little beyond middle or to some distance away
from apex, not produced apically below into a short prominence or process; vertex and
frons normally broad; bullae paler, yellowish brownish, ochreous or reddish brownish;
clear streak through middle of discoidal cell in wings distinctly broader, the cell itself
more spindle-shaped; sides of abdomen, either on sides of tergites 1 and 2, or of 2 only,
or on sides of some others, extensively or more broadly, paler, or yellowish brownish;
hind legs either mainly pale, or with the base of femora and that of tibiae more exten-
sively or conspicuously yellowish .. a ae 4 33
Hind tibiae carinate below to near, or very near, apex afl peoduced ‘pelea into a
distinct, though short, apical prominence or process; vertex and frons rather narrowish;
bullae black and shining; clear streak through discoidal cell much narrower, more
linear, the cell itself less spindle-shaped; sides of abdomen distinctly less extensively,
less broadly, pale or yellowish brownish; hind legs more uniformly darker castaneous
brownish, their base and that of hind tibiae less extensively or broadly pale or yellowish
2 dysmachoides n.sp.*

Antennae distinctly longer, more than 2-5 mm; proboscis much longer, much more than
3 mm; infuscation in wings not, or scarcely, extending into extreme apex of second sub-
marginal cell and not at all into that of first posterior cell, and confined only to basal
part or basal third of posterior vein of second submarginal cell; sides of tergites 1 and 2,
and sometimes also some of the others, distinctly more broadly or extensively yellowish
brownish; bullae smaller or very small, yellowish or ochreous brownish; hind femora
more extensively yellowish or pale basally and below, or even mainly yellowish; hairs
on head, thorax (especially on extreme ree and on basal abdominal segments distinctly
longer and denser os : : ey a Oe
Antennae shorter, only eae "52 mm iene Spee ter bees a about 3°2
mm long; infuscation in wings extending apically also into extreme apical parts of
second submarginal and first posterior cells and also for a longer distance along posterior

* In this section also unknown 29 of brachycera, namaquensis and catalus.

34. (a)
(6)
35- (2)
(5)
36. (a)
(6)
37- (4)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 307

vein of second submarginal cell; sides of tergites 1 and 2 more narrowly reddish brown-
ish; bullae larger, reddish brownish; hind femora more uniformly reddish brownish;
hairs on head, thorax (especially sides) and basal two segments of abdomen distinctly
very much shorter, less dense is Me at ays ote 2 sumulata n.sp.

Wings distinctly less extensively infuscated, the upper half or most of second basal cell
clearer or less dark than anterior part, and borders of anterior vein of third posterior
cell, or greater part of cell itself, scarcely, or more faintly, infuscated, or not at all, the
anal cell and alula entirely clear, and middle apical part of first submarginal cell (at
base of second submarginal cell) also clearer, giving the wings a more bifasciate appear-
ance; hind legs distinctly more extensively darkened on femora above and in apical
part or half of hind tibiae, and hairs on femora distinctly denser and also with longer
ones intermixed and all these mainly whitish; hairs on rest of body also slightly longer,
those on clypeus denser, slightly longer, entirely snow whitish; sides and base of thorax
more broadly yellowish reddish Sy ee vi he Ml a See ERGY
Wings distinctly more extensively infuscated, the entire second basal cell and borders of
both anterior and posterior veins of third posterior cell, or sometimes the cell itself also
darkly infuscated, with the anterior margin of anal cell and entire alula also infused,
sometimes with even hind border of wings behind third posterior cell tinted, and with-
out, or with a much fainter, clearer part apically in first submarginal cell, the infusion
thus not appearing bifasciate; legs on the whole and also hind ones extensively luteous,
the hind femora either not, or with only apical part above, slightly darkened, and hairs
on femora sparser, shorter, without longish ones, and mainly yellowish or golden; hairs
on rest of body relatively shorter, those on clypeus less dense, shorter, sometimes slightly
tinted yellowish; sides and base of thorax distinctly more narrowly reddish

Q fascipennis var. luteipes n.

Proboscis longer, about 4—5 mm; clypeus paler, more yellowish; sides and base of
thorax more broadly yellowish; metanotum with a much narrower central black streak;
hind margins of tergites 2-4, apart from more reddish one across 1, distinctly yellowish
and 5 obscurely so, or only on sides; bullae larger; abdomen above with much sparser
and shallower punctures and finer transverse striae posteriorly; vestiture on the whole
shorter, less dense, especially on thorax above, tergites 1 and 2 and on hind femora, and
that on thorax more whitish or greyish yellowish .. ug .. & fascipennis Macq.
Proboscis shorter, only about 3-3-6 mm; clypeus darker, more brownish; sides and base
of thorax more narrowly yellowish; metanotum with a much broader central dark
infusion; hind margins of tergites 2-5, apart from yellowish brownish hind margin of 1,
distinctly yellowish; bullae very small; abdomen above with coarser and slightly denser
punctures and coarser striae posteriorly; vestiture on the whole distinctly, though
slightly, longer, especially on thorax above, tergites 1 and 2 and on hind femora, and
that on thorax slightly deeper yellowish se as Q fascipennis Macq. (form of)

Abdomen above either more densely or more coarsely punctured, the punctures, even
if sparse and scattered, distinctly coarser; wings usually with the more darkly infuscated
parts in anterior half darker, more brownish, appearing more bifasciate due to the co-
trasting clearer apical part or half of first submarginal cell; hairs on thorax above, base
of abdomen and hind femora distinctly longer and denser . . ae a e377

Abdomen above smoother, more shining, distinctly either much more sparsely punc-
tured, or with scarcely any puncturation on middle segments; wings with the infuscated
parts distinctly paler, faintly tinted yellowish or pale yellowish brownish, not appearing
so bifasciate, the clearer part in first submarginal cell and streak through discoidal cell
being not much clearer than the faintly tinted parts; hairs on thorax above, base of
abdomen and hind femora shorter, sparser .. a Bt A Ne PSU ev NGO)

Vestiture distinctly much shorter, that on thorax above, pleurae and base of abdomen
markedly shorter; proboscis shorter, less than 4-4 mm; antennal clubs more elongate-
conical or elongate-pyriform; wings distinctly longer, more than 10 mm, up to 12°5
mm, usually more distinctly tinted brownish, more bifasciately, or very distinctly
brownish in marginal and first basal cells, the infusion extending much, or farther, into
base of first posterior cell; knobs of halteres paler, more yellowish; yellowish reddish on
sides and base of thorax broader, more extensive; metanotum with a more distinct,

308

(0)

38. (a)

(b

wa

39. (2)

(0)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

or even broadish, central dark or black infusion; puncturation on abdomen finer, or
finer and denser as ae ee se Ae oe ne Ms Se Se

Vestiture distinctly much longer, denser, especially that on thorax above, pleurae and
tergites I-3; proboscis very much longer, about 4-4-4-:9 mm; clubs relatively shorter,
broader, more pyriform; wings distinctly and relatively shorter, not more than 10 mm,
usually more faintly tinted pale yellowish brownish in anterior half, the infusion, if
distinct, not extending much into first posterior cell; halteres darker above; yellowish
reddish on sides and base of thorax relatively narrower or obscure; metanotum without
any distinct, central, dark infusion; puncturation on abdomen distinctly coarser

© brachyptera n.sp.

Abdomen duller, due to very much denser and finer acicular puncturation on tergites
1-4 and puncturation and fine or leathery areolar microsculpture on 5~7; metanotum
with a broader, more distinct and extensive, central, dark infusion; hind margins of
tergites 1-3 and extreme sides of 4 yellowish whitish; bullae smaller, more reddish
brownish; wings narrower, with a more distinct and darker bifasciate infusion in
anterior half; first posterior cell not markedly narrowed apically; fine hairs in streaks
on thorax above relatively shorter, sparser, more fulvous reddish or brownish, and
hairs from tergite 4 to apex distinctly denser; hind femora less thickened, with finer and
sparser hairs and fewer spines; hind tibiae pallid in nearly basal half 2 umbrina Gerst.

Abdomen distinctly more shining, with slightly sparser, less acicular puncturation on
tergite 2, much fewer on 3 and with only scattered ones on the smooth integument of
4-6; metanotum with a slightly narrower, more obscure, central infusion; hind margins
of tergites 1-4, and to a more obscure extent 5, yellowish whitish; bullae larger, more
yellowish; wings markedly broader, with a less distinct yellowish brownish infuscation
in anterior half, less bifasciate, the infusion in first basal cell more distinct than in
marginal cell; first posterior cell markedly narrowed apically; fine hairs on thorax above
relatively denser, slightly longer, more fulvous yellowish, and hairs from tergite 4 pos-
teriorly much sparser; hind femora distinctly more clavately thickened, with more
numerous spines below and with denser hairs; hind tibiae yellowish only at extreme
base ah ae We te Me 30 4% 5 50 Q euryptera n.sp.

Thorax above with the yellowish on sides and across base much broader, and also with
two conspicuous submedial yellowish discal streaks; metanotum more extensively
yellowish, with only a faint, central, line-like, dark infusion; hind margins of tergites 1-4
and sides of 5 yellowish; hind legs more extensively pale yellowish basally and apically
and darker part only pale yellowish brownish, and with more than basal half of hind
tibiae straw-coloured; sides of face with less dense greyish bloom; wings relatively long
and broader, more extensively, though faintly, tinted yellowish, excepting clearer apical
part, middle of discoidal cell, anal cell and to a lesser extent hind border; veins pale
yellowish at ae ie : Q flavilineata n.sp.

Thorax above with the yellowish reddish on sides and across base much narrower,
without any distinct yellowish submedial streaks; metanotum darkened on sides and
along middle; hind margins of only tergites 1-3 yellowish; hind legs more uniformly
reddish brownish or brown, only extreme base of hind tibiae yellowish; sides of face
very densely and conspicuously covered with greyish whitish bloom; wings relatively
shorter, narrower, only slightly, or scarcely, faintly tinted yellowish or yellowish brown-
ish, more so in marginal and first basal cells and base of first posterior cell, the rest of
wings more hyaline; veins more yellowish brownish 4c 3 Q riparia D.sp.

Cephalocera longirostris (Wied.)

Midas longirostris Wiedemann, 1829: 37. Wiedemann, 1830: 630.
Cephalocera longirostris Westwood, 1841: 55. Walker, 1854: 373. Gerstaecker, 1868: 77. Bezzi,
19245: 229. Bequaert, 1961a: 13, 14, fig. 13.

This is the commonest and most widely distributed species of Mydaidae in
the western Cape, Namaqualand and part of the north-western Cape, and

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 309

which differs from all the other known species of Cephalocera by its distinctly less
thickened and comparatively longer hind femora and to a certain extent the
markedly broad, transversely grooved sides, or notopleural part, of thorax in
front of the wing-bases. As is to be expected from a species so widely distributed
it is variable in size, the colour of its clypeus, the presence or absence of reddish
on sides of thorax and sides of abdomen basally, the darkening of the legs,
especially the femora, and the intensity of the infuscation ‘n the wings, especially
in the $3. Females of this species have been collected on flowers by members of
the South African Museum staff.

The species is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark or black; middle part of face (clypeus) either entirely,
or on sides to a variable extent, yellowish, yellowish brownish to reddish brown-
ish, sometimes entirely dark or black; sides of vertex, especially in some 99,
reddish or dark reddish; following parts yellowish or yellowish reddish; humeral
tubercles to a variable extent, broadish sides of thorax, postalar calli, base of
thorax, two submedial streaks on disc of thorax (especially in 9, but sometimes
evanescent or absent in both sexes), sides of metanotum to a variable extent
(sometimes much reduced, only spot-like or even absent), area in front of
halteres, posterior metapleural part to a variable extent or not at all, sides of
tergites 1 and 2 or 3 broadly in both sexes (in some forms), to a variable extent
extreme narrow sides of rest of tergites or infusions at their posterior angles
laterally, especially in some 34 (sometimes entire sides of abdomen dark or
black in both sexes), greater part of or entire venter, or only its basal half to a
variable extent in gg, and ventral part of genital segment; hind margins of
tergites 2-5 (or 6), and sometimes of 7 obscurely or even of both 6 and 7, in
3 and 2-4 (or sometimes also 5) in 2 broadly and conspicuously yellowish
whitish or yellowish, usually more whitish, base bordered with some orange,
often with 2 and 3 very conspicuous, or in some cases with the hind margins
even obscure, darkened or yellowish whitish only on sides; hind margin of
tergite I sometimes also narrowly or obscurely yellowish; bullae fairly large,
broad, oval, yellowish- or ochreous brownish to brownish; legs, excluding
reddish brownish, dark or blackish coxae, more often mainly or even entirely
yellowish, but femora and tibiae darkened to a variable extent in some forms
even mainly dark in 99 of some forms, only their bases and knees being
yellowish.

Integument of head in front, postalar calli, to a variable extent extreme sides
of thorax above, scutellum, pleurae, abdomen and coxae shining; disc of
thorax dulled by three broadish streaks of vermicellate rugulose sculpture,
separated by two submedial streaks of coarser rugulose sculpture, the extreme
sides of thorax in notopleural part, posterior to anterior spiracle, markedly
broad, especially in 9, broader than in the other species with non-sculptured
thorax, shining and rather conspicuously transversely grooved; metanotum
dull rugulosely sculptured; hind margins of all tergites in J from 2 with broadish
and conspicuous bands of silvery tomentum which is more intense across the

310 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

extreme hind margins; abdomen in 2 with the last two segments and to a
variable extent sides of some of the others transversely wrinkled or striate, the
last one being coarsely so, and with some scattered setiferous punctures, often
visible discally on 4-6.

Vestiture distinctly denser and longer in J, that on tergites 1 and 2, especially
in J, also longish, with all the hairs mainly snow whitish in both sexes, but those
on last two abdominal segments in @ slightly more sericeous yellowish, or some-
times even yellowish; hairs on legs longish, much denser in 3, the hind femora
in 2 with relatively few longish ones and these mainly above, and hind tibiae
with some longish hairs only along inner aspect, much fewer and sparser in 9;
the hairs on legs also mainly snow whitish, but short ones on hind femora in 9

Fic. 19

Left: Side view of right antenna of $ Cepha-
locera longirostris (Wied.).

Right: Side view (bottom) and posterior
view (top) of hypopygium of $ Cephalocera
longirostris (Wied.), showing the boat- or
shell-shaped sternite 9 and its processes and
extruded two phallic tubes (also much
enlarged the elbow-like bent apical part and
funnel-like gonopore of the left tube).

and on apical parts or halves of hind tibiae in both sexes tinted yellowish or
fulvous to a variable extent; spines and spicules on legs yellowish, yellowish
reddish, to dark reddish, the spines on hind femora in some 9° sometimes even
dark or blackish brownish.

Head with the antennae (text-fig. 19, left) much longer than thorax and
scutellum together; segment 1 not much or scarcely thickened, about 2-2-3
times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, slightly thickened apically, much longer
than club; latter elongate-pyriform, constricted at base; proboscis subequal in
length to, or sometimes even slightly longer than, antennae, its labella rather
coarsely transversely rugulose; palps distinct, longer than antennal segment 2.

Wings distinctly tinted yellowish brownish to brownish to a variable extent

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA B11

in little more than anterior half to opposite level of apex of marginal or first
submarginal cells, though in some 3\3\ sometimes scarcely indicated, extending
apically also along basal part or half of upper vein of first posterior cell, includ-
ing base of latter, and in Q the infusion in costal cell often extending to its
apex, with the hinder half more greyish hyaline or faintly greyish yellowish;
the infusion often more intense along veins in tinted part, especially in 9, in
which it is often very much darker or even blackish brown, leaving in both
sexes, but especially in 9, the middle parts of cells, especially lower apical part
of first submarginal cell, clear, which latter cell in some specimens, especially
some 34, is often entirely clear, giving the infusion in wings an apically bifur-
cate or forked appearance (as described by both Wiedemann and Macquart) ;
apex of wings usually slightly milky whitish; veins yellowish to even dark
brownish; apex of third posterior cell broader than that of discoidal cell;
halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora only slightly, not conspicuously, thickened,
differing in this respect from other South African species, thickest slightly
beyond middle, their upper surfaces more or less straight, their double row of
spines below from just before middle or from near base; tibiae without distinct
spicules along lower faces, but hind ones in 9 with a few near apex.

Oviscape in 2 with 7-11 yellowish reddish to fulvous spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 19, right) with the lower part of broadened
apical part of the processes of sternite 9 distinctly sharply angular, not rounded;
aedeagal apparatus and phallic tubes stethoscope-like as described for Cephalo-
cera, the tubes with an elbow-like bend near apex.

From a long series of both sexes in the South African Museum and the
Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 11-17 mm
Length of wing: about 7-13 mm

Distribution: Western Cape from about level of Citrusdal along the broad
coastal part and Olifants River valley to Namaqualand, and eastwards into
southern Bushmanland, during September to November. (One specimen in
the South African Museum from French Hoek Pass in the Villiersdorp division
may have been wrongly labelled.)

The following two more or less distinct forms are distinguishable:

(1) A paler coastal form, more common along the coastal parts from Het
Kruis to Namaqualand in which the clypeus is entirely or more extensively
yellowish; the sides and base of thorax more extensively yellowish or reddish,
and with two submedial yellowish or reddish discal streaks of variable extent;
the scutellum with more reddish brownish; metanotum usually more extensively
yellowish; posterior metapleural part and sides of abdomen more broadly or
extensively yellowish; legs either entirely or more extensively yellowish, or the
femora less darkened above; and the wings almost entirely hyaline.

(2) A darker form, mostly from the Olifants River valley from Citrusdal
to Van Rhyns Pass, Nieuwoudtville, to Loeriesfontein in southern Bushmanland,

312 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

characterized by a less extensively yellowish and darker clypeus; variable and
narrower, or more obscure, reddish on sides of thorax, without any, or scarcely
indicated, reddish, discal, submedial streaks; darker or even black scutellum;
less extensively yellowish, or even entirely dark, metanotum; darker or less
yellowish sides of abdomen, the yellowish hind margins of medial tergites in
some 99 even darkened discally or obscure; more darkened femora; and
distinctly more darkened or even blackish brownish wings in some 99.

Both these forms are however by no means stable or consistent and show
either individual or local variability by means of which they may even be
further subdivided into local or deviating colour forms.

Cephalocera brunnipes n.sp.

This species, which is unfortunately represented in the collections by a
single 2 specimen only, resembles the 2 of longirostris very closely, differing from
it only in the following respects:

Body with the integument of dorsum of thorax distinctly more coarsely
rugulose, with an indication of a submedial groove discally on each side; that of
metanotum on the other hand less coarsely rugulose, more shining; antennal
segments 1-3 pale yellowish brownish; reddish on sides of thorax narrower;
metantum entirely black; hind margin of tergite 1 much broader yellowish
and tergites 2 and 3 entirely and conspicuously yellowish discally above; legs
distinctly more brownish or reddish brownish, only the knees and bases of hind
femora yellowish.

Vestiture on head, sides of tergites 1 and 2 longer, denser, but that on
femora comparatively shorter and less dense; hairs on abdomen posteriorly
more whitish.

Wings similarly infuscated, but middle parts of marginal and first sub-
marginal cells more broadly and more distinctly clearer, and posterior vein
of third posterior cell with more distinct, though faint, fuscous borders; knobs of
halteres brownish above.

Legs relatively shorter, the hind femora not only shorter, but comparatively
slightly more rapidly thickened in apical part, being more clavate.

In other respects it is indistinguishable from 99 of longirostris and their
various colour-forms.

Holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Okiep (L. Péringuey, 20th November 1885).

Cephalocera nigrojubata n.sp.

Another single 2 specimen in the collections before me which has some
superficial resemblance to the 9° of longirostris, but agrees and differs from the
latter as follows:

Body mainly dark or black, with more or less the same parts yellowish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 313

reddish, but the humeral tubercles entirely yellowish, the sides of thorax above
more obscurely and more narrowly yellowish, the infusion anteriorly on inner
side of tubercles not or scarcely evident, and without any discal, submedial,
reddish streaks; yellowish on sides of basal abdominal segments less extensive;
hind margin of tergite 1 paler, and yellowish whitish ones of 2-4 much narrower;
bullae smaller, slightly darker brownish; legs similar yellowish, but hind femora
more brownish above and on sides in apical half, with much darker spines
below.

Integument similar to that of longirostris, the same parts shining or dull, but
disc of thorax with slightly finer microsculpture.

Vestiture distinctly longer and denser, especially on thorax above, pleurae,
sides of abdomen basally, and on legs; hairs on vertex yellowish brownish, not
whitish, and those on disc of thorax also darker, distinctly more brownish;
reversed ones on abdomen posteriorly on the other hand comparatively less
dense and slightly shorter, though also whitish; fine ones towards apex of hind
tibiae darker.

Head with the antennae distinctly much shorter, only about 3:2 mm;
segment 3 being not or scarcely much longer than interocular width on vertex
(in longirostris it is considerably longer); club distinctly and proportionally
shorter, more pyriform; proboscis about 3:72 mm.

Wings comparatively shorter, more faintly tinted yellowish brownish in
anterior half, extending more into basal part of first posterior cell; veins paler
yellowish; first posterior cell rather much narrowed apically; alula tending to
be smaller.

Legs comparatively shorter, with the hind femora about equally thickened,
but their base comparatively less slender; hind tibiae in apical part without
long spicules (apart from the spurs).

Oviscape with about 7 spines on a side.

The holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: between Mowers and Robertson (Museum

Expedition, October 1952).

Cephalocera micheneri n.sp.

A g and 2 9° caught at Robertson by a visiting entomologist, Dr. C.
D. Michener of the Department of Entomology, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., represent a new species which I am naming after
the collector and which has some resemblance to longirostris and even more so
to nigrojubata.

These specimens agree and differ from longirostris in the following respects:

Body mainly dark or black, with more or less the same parts pale, but more
yellowish reddish or yellowish brownish than yellowish, the sides of thorax in 3
not yellowish and those of 2 more narrowly so and without two submedial,

314 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

discal, yellowish streaks in anterior part; yellowish on sides of basal abdominal
segments distinctly less extensive, very narrow in ¢ and confined to extreme
sides; hind margin of tergite 1 distinctly paler in both sexes and whitish ones
across 2—5 in g and yellowish whitish ones of 2—4 in distinctly much narrower;
bullae much smaller, more orange brownish, usually with some impressions,
even with vermicellate sculpture in 3; venter less lividly yellowish in basal half,
on the whole much darker in §; legs with the femora on the whole much darker
above and hind ones almost entirely dark in g and much more extensively
darkened in 9 than in 9 of nigrojubata and some forms of longirostris with darkened
femora.

Integument similar to that of longirostris, the same parts shining or dull, but
disc of thorax with distinctly finer microsculpture; abdomen in ¢ with slightly
more numerous and coarser setiferous punctures and even the sparse and
minute ones in 2 more evident; transverse striation on last two or three tergites
in 9 slightly coarser; that across femora more conspicuous in both sexes.

Vestiture more or less similar to that of longirostris, but distinctly shorter on
body and legs than in nigrojubata; hairs on disc of thorax distinctly darker, more
yellowish brownish to brownish, not snow whitish, even those on vertex in 9
sometimes more yellowish brownish; fine hairs towards apex of hind tibiae
darker; spines on hind femora below distinctly much darker, dark brownish to
black.

Head with the antennae distinctly very much shorter and even relatively
shorter than in nigrojubata, only about 2-6-3 mm; segment 3 not or scarcely
much longer than interocular width on vertex (in longirostris it is considerably
longer); club distinctly and proportionally shorter, more subspindle-shaped in
3, with a larger, more extensive sensory area apically below; proboscis about
2-8-3-36 mm long.

Wings comparatively shorter, characteristically darkly infuscated blackish
brown, differing from the pattern in most other species, and that of 3 also
slightly different from that of 2; the costal, marginal, first and second basal cells
uniformly dark, and middle parts of first submarginal and discoidal cells clearer,
much more so in ¢ than in Q, the clear middle part of discoidal cell in 2 narrow,
conspicuously streak-like, with the anal cell in g slightly more infused than in
9, with fuscous borders along all the rest of the veins in wings in both sexes,
except anal vein in Q; hinder part of wings in 9 feebly tinted greyish yellowish,
but clearer in 3; veins very dark reddish brownish (hinder and apical parts of
wings in longirostris much clearer in both sexes and all veins in these parts with-
out fuscous borders); alula smaller; halteres also whitish.

Legs comparatively shorter; hind femora more thickened in both sexes, less
clavate than in Jongirostris, their bases distinctly less slender; hind tibiae, apart
from the spurs, with much shorter spicules in apical part; basal segment of
hind tarsi comparatively shorter, subequal to, or only a little longer than, claw-
segment, not markedly longer as in longirostris.

Oviscape in 2 with about 7 yellowish spines on a side.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 315

Hypopygium of 3 with the lower apical part of broadened apical part of
processes of sternite 9 blunter or more bluntly rounded, not so sharply angular
or pointed as in longzrostris.

Holotype, allotype and paratype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 11-15 mm
Length of wing: about 8-9 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Robertson (C. D. Michener, oth
October 1966).

Apart from some differences mentioned in the description above, the 9
of this species differs from the 2 of nigrojubata in the very characteristic blackish
brown pattern in the wings, the much darker hind femora, the more orange
(not reddish brownish) bullae, the much shorter hairs on disc of thorax, on
metapleurae and sides of tergite 1, and the absence of numerous long hairs
along inner and inner upper aspect of hind femora.

Cephalocera propinqua n.sp.

Two rather smallish $3 caught by Mr. Stuckenberg in a patch of flowers
just off the national road north-east of Touws River are also referable to the
longirostris section in which the disc of the thorax is distinctly vermicellately
rugulose. They are characterized as follows:

Body, including clypeus and humeral tubercles, usually black, without
any reddish or yellowish on sides of thorax above; metanotum also entirely
black; pleurae entirely black; antennae blackish brown, more than basal half
of clubs dull dark yellowish brownish; sides of tergite 2 and extreme sides of 3
and 4, and sometimes also of 5, yellowish whitish; hind margins of tergites 2-5
conspicuously whitish and those of 6 and 7 more greyishly whitish, but evi-
dently whitish in posterior lateral angles; bullae yellowish brownish or ochreous
brownish to brown; venter ochreous brownish to end of sternite 4, the hind
margins of sternites 2-4 with a dull whitish, oval, scale-like patch on each side
and sometimes with a similar spot on each side in the middle of sternite 2;
sternite 9, or its ventral, posterior and apical parts, yellowish brownish; legs
with the coxae black, the femora brownish, the hind ones darker, more blackish
brownish, the extreme base and apical part of front and middle ones and base
and apex of hind ones more yellowish, the tibiae and tarsi also yellowish, but
the upper surface of front and middle ones more brownish as is also the claw-
segment of tarsi, the pulvilli above and apex of claws darker or blackish.

Integument of vertex, raised middle ocellar part of frons, postantennal part
of frons, clypeus and head below shining; thorax above dull, finely vermicel-
lately rugulose or somewhat areolately sculptured, with a narrowish submedial
streak of coarser rugae, extending on each side from just above humeral tubercle
to base, with a central longitudinal carinate line to beyond middle, and the
extreme sides in front of wing-base more scabrously rugulose; postalar calli
and narrow base of thorax smoother, more shining; scutellum shining, with fine
centripetal striation, and over its middle longitudinal striation; metanotum

316 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

dull, more coarsely and more areolately sculptured than disc of thorax, basally
submedially and on extreme sides more convergently rugulose; pleurae mainly
polished and shining, the pteropleuron more longitudinally striate in more or
less hinder half, the rest of pleurae also very finely striate in certain lights, the
metapleural parts in front of and below halteres dulled by whitish tomentum;
abdomen mainly shining, but with a broadish band across hinder part of
tergites (broader discally than on sides and including whitish hind margin)
of greyish tomentum, very conspicuous in certain lights; legs, especially coxae
and femora, also shining, the hind femora transversely annularly striate.

Vestiture fairly long and dense on head, sides of tergites 1 and 2, coxae and
femora; hairs on vertex, those in 4 longitudinal streaks on thorax above, on
humeral tubercles and in front of wing-base pale yellowish to fulvous; rest of
longish hairs on head, body and legs snow whitish; pleurae mainly bare, but
sparse tufts on propleurae and on metapleural part in front of halteres also snow
whitish like the denser hairs on metasternal part; fine, short and sparse ones
(in punctures) on rest of abdomen above, as well as relatively sparse ones on
hypopygium, gleaming slightly fulvous; sparse longish hairs on sternites 1-3
snow whitish and sparse, shortish ones on rest of venter more fulvous; hairs on
femora fairly dense and longish, becoming shorter towards apex, those on base,
inner dorsal aspect and along inner side of hind femora long and also snow
whitish, the shorter, decumbent ones on their outer aspect more fulvous; hairs
along anterior and hinder parts, especially the latter, on front and middle
tibiae markedly long, whitish, and the slightly shorter ones along inner aspect
of hind tibiae also whitish, the short decumbent ones on all the tibiae more
yellowish or fulvous; hairs on tarsi also more fulvous; greyish whitish tomentum,
apart from that present on metapleural and metasternal parts and across hind
margins of tergites, also present in depressions in frons, along inner margin of
eyes and on propleural part.

Head with the antennae distinctly very much shorter than those of longi-
rostris, about 2—-2-28 mm (including basal theca), subequal in length to thorax
(minus scutellum), with segment 1 thickened apically, about twice length of
2, with some longish white hairs, with segment 3 longer than club, its apical
third distinctly thickened, the club pyriform not so elongate-pyriform as in
longirostris, more rapidly broadened to broadest part beyond middle; proboscis
longish, about 3—3-48 mm, but comparatively shorter than in longirostris ; palps
distinct, about, or nearly, as long as first antennal segment.

Wings greyish hyaline, not tinted in anterior half; veins dark brownish;
alula lobe-like; broadish hind margin of squamae whitish; halteres light reddish
or reddish whitish.

Legs relatively shortish, the hind femora distinctly thickened, subspindle-
shaped, slightly curved outwards, especially near base, armed below with from
16 to 24 backwardly-directed dark brownish to blackish brown spines on dis-
tinct tubercles in two rows, the inner ones beginning nearer base; front and
middle tibiae without any distinct spicules and hind ones with a few shortish,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 27,

feeble spicules along inner apical part; spicules of tarsi yellowish or luteous;
basal segment of hind tarsi subequal in length to, or about as long as, claw-
segment.

Hypopygium much like that of longzrostris, with the lateral lobes of tergite 9
short, lobe- or tongue-shaped; anal lobes rather smallish; sternite 9 not indented
broadly V-shaped apically, its processes not bilobed apically, the broadened
apical part rather sharply and angularly produced apically below, very much
like that of longirostris; phallic tubes of aedeagal apparatus rather stoutish,
their gonopore funnel-shaped as in longirostris.

Holotype in the Natal Museum, paratype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 10-5-11 mm
Length of wing: about 7-76-8-2 mm

Distribution: Southern Koup Karoo: along national road to Laingsburg
and Beaufort West, 23 miles north-east of Touws River (B. Stuckenberg,
4th October 1964).

There is no doubt that this species is very near longirostris and, apart from
the antennal differences mentioned, the ¢¢ differ from 3g of the latter species
in being smaller, in having a black clypeus, black humeral tubercles, thorax and
metanotum, less extensive yellowish on sides of abdomen, entirely clear wings,
more fulvous hairs on vertex and thorax above, shorter legs, darker femora and
shorter, more spindle-shaped hind femora.

Cephalocera decepta n.sp.

A single 3 specimen caught by Mr. Gess a little south-west of Matjiesfon-
tein is almost indistinguishable from the preceding species propinqua, but as its
processes of sternite 9 are distinctly different it can only be considered as a
distinct species. In most of its morphological characters, its colour, integument
and nature of its vestiture it agrees entirely with the 3 propinqua, but differs
from the latter in the following respects:

It is distinctly larger; venter is entirely dark, not ochreous brownish in
basal half; antennae entirely dark, relatively longer, quite 2-4 mm long; bullae
smaller, more oval, not so bean-shaped, the space between them broader, much
broader than their vertical length; legs relatively stouter, the femora and tibiae,
especially front and middle ones, darker, the hind femora more clavately
thickened, less narrowed apically (not subspindle-shaped); wings distinctly
tinted smoky brownish in anterior half (entirely clear in propinqua); halteres
more whitish; hairs on disc of thorax only slightly greyish yellowish, not so
fulvous yellowish, those in front of wing-bases entirely and contrastingly whitish;
shortish hairs on femora and tibiae more whitish, not slightly fulvous; broadish
rings of tomentum across hind margins of tergites more conspicuously silvery
whitish in certain lights; lobes of tergite 9 more broadly rounded apically;
processes of sternite g not so smooth, but distinctly more punctured and their
lower apical angle distinctly less sharply produced.

This species, like propinqua, also differs from longirostris in the shorter

318 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

antennae, black clypeus, much darker legs, shorter and more thickened hind
femora, and the slightly less sharp and produced lower apical angle of processes
of sternite 9.
The holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 13-5 mm
Length of wing: about 8 mm
Distribution: Southern part of the Koup Karoo: 7 miles south-west of
Matjiesfontein (South African Museum Expedition, 15th October 1966).

Cephalocera nigerrima n.sp.

This and the following four species, owing to the characteristic structure
of sternite 9 and its processes in the 94, constitute a very distinct section which
suggests a separate generic status, but as they agree in most other characters
with Cephalocera, which itself is variable, they are provisionally retained in a
special section of this genus.

This dark or blackish, slender-bodied species, with its black-haired and
markedly short-winged g and whitish-haired 2 cannot be compared with the
other known species of this genus. Though the 2 specimen is white-haired, it
agrees in most of its characters with the 3 specimen, and I have no hesitation
in referring it to the same species, which is dichroic as far as the vestiture of the
sexes is concerned.

The species is characterized as follows:

Body rather slender, the abdomen in both sexes, but more so in 4, slender,
cylindrical, its apical part naturally bent downwards, with the thorax rela-
tively quadrate, relatively a little longer in 2 than in g, the body mainly very
dark or blackish, the pleurae and abdomen very dark blackish brown or very
dark piceous brownish; tubercles on vertex very dark blackish reddish; antennae
dark blackish brown; clypeus in both sexes dark reddish brownish; humeral
tubercles and postalar calli in 3 deep dark reddish, in 2 more yellowish reddish,
but in @ also with sides and base of thorax above, as well as an infusion on inner
side of humeral tubercles on each side, extending submedially and discally
as a streak, yellowish reddish; hind margin of tergite 1 yellowish reddish, and
those of 2-4 whitish in both sexes; bullae markedly large, bean-shaped, shining
black in 3, very narrowly separated above, in 2 smaller, dark reddish brownish;

la

venter more or less yellowish brownish in 2 and toffee brownish in 3 up to
sternite 4, the rest darker; genital segment below in ¢ also toffee brownish;
legs pitchy brownish to dark piceous brownish, the femora in 9 slightly paler,
but femora in both sexes slightly darker above, with the base of hind ones,
knees of all legs and basal part of hind tibiae very pale yellowish.

Integument of frons, clypeus, humeral tubercles, extreme sides of thorax
behind shoulders, postalar calli, scutellum, pleurae (especially mesopleuron),
entire or greater part of abdomen (less so from tergite 6 in 2), and legs shining;
that of thorax above rather coarsely vermicellately rugulose, with two sub-
medial, discal, groove-like depressions from humeral tubercles to beyond middle

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 319

and converging posteriorly; scutellum more longitudinally vermicellate; meta-
notum sculptured as thorax, but sides with converging rugae; integument of
pleurae more coarsely striate than in most other species, the metapleural part
behind halteres and metasternal part and hind coxae being even more coarsely
grooved; integument of tergite 1 sparsely punctured discally, more densely and
somewhat scabrously on sides basally. in 9 slightly more densely discally and
on sides in apical half; rest of tergites in g very smooth and shining, but with
even and sparse, small, setiferous punctures, in 2 with 3-5 almost bare and 6-8
transversely striate, coarser on 8.

Vestiture fairly dense and longish on head, shorter and decumbent on thorax
above, relatively dense on hinder parts of pleurae, dense and longish on tergite

1, basal two-thirds of 2, especially on sides, with some sparse longish ones on
sides of 3, short and sparse on rest of abdomen, denser posteriorly, longish and

fairly dense on venter, becoming shorter and stiffer posteriorly, rather dense,
long and conspicuous on hind trochanters and femora, and longish and sparse
along inner hinder face of hind tibiae; hairs on entire body and legs blackish
brown in g, except for greyish ones on occiput, in 29 mainly snow whitish,
excepting brownish or brownish fulvous ones on antennal segment 1, palps,
tergites 6—8, and on most of hind legs (except for whitish ones at base of
femora).

Head with the antennae very much longer than thorax (excluding scutel-
lum); segment 1 about 2-3-2-8 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, much
longer than club; the latter elongate, rather stoutish, even at base, from there
only slightly and gradually thickened; proboscis about 3:36-3:88 mm, much
longer than thorax (excluding scutellum).

Wings markedly short and broadish in Q, slightly longer in 9, more or less
uniformly infuscated blackish brown in J, excepting slightly clearer hind border,
including hinder part of auxillary lobe and sometimes middle or hinder part of
first posterior cell as well; in 2 also blackish brown in greater anterior part, but
middle part of anal and third posterior cells, greater part of first posterior cell,
apical part of second submarginal cell and hind border clearer, or even with
base of first basal cell clearer, the discoidal cell with a faint clearer streak; veins
brownish; halteres blackish brown.

Legs with the front and middle femora slightly S-curved in 3, and their
tibiae more curved in g than in 9; hind femora markedly incrassate, slightly
more so in 4g, almost spindle-shaped, thickest slightly beyond middle, but more
narrowed basally, slightly laterally compressed and, in dorsal view, slightly
curved outwards from base, armed below from just before middle with a double
row of rather closely-set, reddish brownish, short spines on prominent tubercles;
hind tibiae only a little shorter than femora and, in 4, as in case of front and
middle ones, without any distinct longish spicules, apart from apical spurs,
but in 2 with a few distinct, shortish ones apically below; basal segment of hind
tarsi a little longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with 9 reddish yellowish spines on a side; last vertical tergite

320 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

above oviscape with fine, rugulose sculpture.
Hopopygium of 3 (text-fig. 20, top and bottom left) with the lobes of tergite
9 lobe-like, narrowed and bluntly rounded apically; sternite 9 rather deeply
indented (or V-shaped) in posterior half, the indented part apically on each
side with an inwardly projecting dentate process or lobe below base of process
(cf text-fig. 20, top); processes of sternite (bottom left) curving inwards,
hollowed below, forked or bidentate apically, the upper tooth more horizontal
in position and slightly shorter; tergite 8 not markedly depressed or hollowed
dorsally.
From 2 gg and 1 2 (¢g holotype and 9 allotype in the Transvaal Museum
and 1 ¢ paratype in the South African Museum).
Length of body: about 12-14-5 mm
Length of wing: about 8-9 mm (39), 9:5 mm (9)
Distribution: Southern Karoo: Modderfontein, Willowmore (Dr. Brauns,
25th November 1922 (¢ holotype), and 4th December 1920 (1 ¢ paratype)).
Southern Cape: Avontuur, Uniondale (Dr. Brauns, 24th December 1922)

(2 allotype).

FIG. 20

Top: Posterior view of V-shaped indentation of sternite 9 of 3 of Cephalocera nigerrima n.sp.
showing the inwardly projecting apical dentate process or lobe on each side below base of
process (only base shown).

Bottom left: Postero-dorso-lateral view of right lobe of tergite g and right process of sternite 9
of 3 of Cephalocera nigerrima n.sp.

Bottom middle: Postero-dorso-lateral view of left lobe of tergite 9 and left process of sternite 9,
of ¢ of Cephalocera macrocera n.sp.

Bottom right: Postero-ventral view (more particularly left side) of sternite 9 of g Cephalocera

xerophila n.sp. showing ventral view of the left phallic tube, posterior basal shield (centre) of

aedeagal apparatus, ventral view of process of the sternite and under it the somewhat angularly-
produced, posterior (apical) inner part of the sternite.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 321

Cephalocera caffrariensis n.sp.

A single 3 specimen, from near Grahamstown, collected by Dr. Michener,
obviously belongs to the section of Cephalocera in which the thorax is coarsely
sculptured and the processes of sternite 9 in the ¢¢ are bilobed. It shows some
relationship to nigerrima and apparently represents the far eastern limit in the
geographical distribution of the genus Cephalocera in South Africa. Specifically
it is characterized as follows:

Body rather smallish; thorax short, quadrate; abdomen elongate, cylindri-
cal, with a tendency to be narrowed at middle; colour mainly black; clypeus
dark reddish brownish; humeral tubercles, area above these, two submedial,
discal, posteriorly-convergent streaks, sides of thorax above (more broadly)
in front of wing-bases, basal part in front of scutellum, sides of tergites 1-5
(more or less intramarginally), and to a more obscure extent sternites 1-3
yellowish brownish; pteropleuron and to an obscure extent metapleural part
below halteres very dark reddish or blackish reddish; bullae shining black,
separated above by a space narrower than their vertical length; hind margins
of tergites 2-4 and sides of 5 (and obscurely its narrower discal part) whitish,
more broadened on sides where they are partially interrupted by a dark spot
and discally medially also interrupted along 2—4 by a central dark line; hind
margins of sternites without any whitish; legs very dark blackish brownish to
black, only the knees of front and middle femora, basal parts of hind femora,
and bases of hind tibiae pale yellowish.

Integument of greater part of head, body and legs shining, only sides of
fronto-facial parts and occiput dulled by greyish whitish tomentum; integument
of thorax above vermicellately rugulose, more transversely so along slightly
depressed, submedial, reddish brownish streaks, finer along sides, and obsole-
scent basally, the postalar calli however smooth; scutellum smooth, shining;
metanotum more transversly rugulose on sides towards sides of scutellum, the
extreme sides more striate; pleurae mainly shining, polished, the pteropleuron
however longitudinally striate; propleural parts partly dull and metasternal
part dull; abdomen with tergite 1 transversely striate, the rest of surface above
punctured, sparsely on tergites 2-5, more densely and more coarsely on 6 and 7,
especially on latter, but the setiferous puncturation from 2 to apex slightly
coarser on apical parts of all the segments; narrow hind margins of 5—7 dulled
by greyish tomentum; sides of tergites 2-7 with some transverse striae, denser
across hinder part of 6 and across entire 7; venter also with sparse setiferous
puncturation, but sternites 5-8 more or less transversely striate, more coarsely
so across 7 and 8.

Vestiture not very dense, mainly snow whitish; hairs on disc of thorax
shortish, decumbent, more or less in 4 streaks (apart from the denser and longer
ones along notopleural part); metanotum entirely bare; hairs on abdomen
longish and dense on sides of tergite 1 and basally of 2, sparser, decumbent on
rest of tergites, those discally darker, more brownish; those on venter sparse,
longer towards base; hairs on hypopygium not very long or dense; those on

322 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

hind coxae, and especially hind femora, rather dense and long, especially along
upper inner and lower inner surfaces of latter; those on apical half of hind
tibiae becoming darker; spines and spicules on legs and the claws dark.

Head across eyes much broader than thorax; clypeus rather smallish,
not much longer than combined length of antennal segments 1 and 2; antennae
comparatively long, rather stoutish, much longer than thorax; segment 1 not
much thickened, about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 longer than interocular
space on vertex, much longer than club, with more than its apical
third thickened; club elongate, gradually and equally broadening to broadest
part near apex, its terminal prominence very prominent, nipple-like, its base
not distinctly constricted; proboscis longish, about 4-52 mm long.

Wings rather shortish, mainly clear, only basal half of marginal cell, lower
part of costal cell up to end of subcostal vein, cloudiness along posterior vein of
first submarginal cell, and apical half of first basal cell brownish; veins
brownish; discoidal cell markedly narrow, with a long stalk apically; knobs of
halteres blackish.

Legs shortish; hind femora distinctly thickened, subspindle-shaped, their
bases slender and short, armed below with a double row of backwardly-project-
ing, stoutish spines on tubercles, the inner row of about 7 beginning in advance
of the outer row of about 6—8 just before the middle; hind tibiae with the
carinate line below in basal half scarcely evident, armed in apical part with
some minute spicules.

Hypopygium rather prominent, similar to that of nigerrima; anal lobes rela-
tively long, also depressed and shining above; lobes of tergite 9 well developed,
tongue-shaped; sternite 9 somewhat flattened below, sulcate centrally below and
broadly gaping V-shaped apically below, its apex on each side, as in nigerrima
(cf. text-fig. 20, top), with an inwardly-directed dentate process, the lower
(anterior) part of which extends flange like and is semi-membranous; process of
the sternite on each side strongly developed, curving inwards and apically
bidentate and hollowed below; phallic tubes relatively long, curved forwards,
then hindwards and crossing each other under the anal lobes.

Unique holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 13-25 mm
Length of wing: about 8-5 mm

Distribution: East Cape: 12 miles north-west of Grahamstown (C. D.
Michener, 21st November 1966).

From nigerrima this species differs in not having any black hairs on head
and body, much clearer wings, much narrower discoidal cell, less coarsely
sculptured thorax and metanotum, longer proboscis, more punctured abdomen,
slightly less incrassate hind femora, longer anal lobes, etc.

Cephalocera macrocera n.sp.

This species, unfortunately represented by a single 3 specimen in the
collections, with its rather coarsely sculptured thorax, rather long and stoutish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 323

antennae, and markedly shortish clypeus, is easily recognized and characterized
as follows:

Body mainly dark or blackish, the pleurae more yellowish brownish, and
the abdomen and coxae more dark piceous reddish than black; antennae and
proboscis blackish brownish, three-quarters of antennal club more yellowish
brownish, and clypeus similarly coloured; humeral tubercles, a large spot on
inner side of tubercles, sides of thorax, a broadish central streak, postalar calli,
and greater part of scutellum yellowish reddish; greater part of metanotum also
yellowish reddish; hinder part of pleurae, sides of tergite 1, and to a certain
extent those of 2 yellowish brownish; hind margins of tergites 2 and 3, and sides
of 4-6 yellowish whitish; venter yellowish brownish up to sternite 5, the rest
more piceous brownish; lower parts of hypopygium yellowish- or reddish
brownish; bullae black and shining; legs yellowish brownish, the knees, and
basal parts of hind femora and tibiae pale yellowish whitish, the hind femora
more piceous brownish towards apex on outer face.

Integument of head in front, greater anterior part of pleurae, and to a large
extent abdomen above shining; that of thorax above rather coarsely vermicel-
lately rugulose, with a groove-like discal depression on each side beginning at
shoulders and converging posteriorly, and these grooves themselves as well as
their borders composed of rather coarser undulating rugae; integument of
metanotum also vermicellately rugulose; that of pleurae striated, duller pos-
teriorly and with finer microsculpture; integument of abdomen with sparse,
setiferous punctures, finer and denser on tergites 1 and 2, especially sides, and
also with some shallow oblique grooves discally on sides of 1.

Vestiture with the hairs on head and clypeus, on sides of tergite 1, basally on
sides of 2, and on hind femora, especially on inner aspect, fairly long and dense,
mainly snow whitish; hairs on antennal segment 1 brownish; those on thorax
above decumbent, in four streaks, longer on sides and basally, entirely snow
whitish, as are also those on pleurae; those on rest of abdomen above short, dark
brownish, longer and slightly denser posteriorly; hairs on venter basally whitish,
more bristly and darker from sternite 5; those on legs, apart from longish
whitish ones on hind femora, shorter and sparser and darker on outer faces of
these femora and on darker apical half of hind tibiae.

Head with the antennae long, markedly stoutish, much longer than thorax;
segment 1 not thickened, about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 long, stoutish,
much longer than club, a little more than its apical third thickened and finely
rasp-like; club elongate, parallel-sided, with fine, rasp-like microsculpture;
proboscis about as long as antennae, about 4-01 mm; clypeus markedly short
above.

Wings rather broad, uniformly tinted subopaquely very pale yellowish
brownish, slightly clearer along hind border; veins pallid; first posterior cell
rather narrowed apically; third posterior cell appearing rather shortish; knobs
of halteres dark above.

Legs relatively shortish; hind femora much thickened, almost subspindle-

324 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

shaped, slightly curved outwards from base, their double row of spines below
brownish, beginning from near base; hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-
segment.

Hypopygium (text-fig. 20, bottom middle) with the lobes of tergite 9
broadish, rounded apically; sternite 9 deeply indented V-like in apical part,
slightly carinate basally below, its processes forked or bilobate apically.

The holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm

Length of wing: about 10 mm

Distribution: Southern Cape: along the Touws River between Montagu
and Ladismith (October 1937).

Cephalocera disparilis n.sp.

A @ specimen in the South African Museum agrees with macrocera to a
certain extent, but as it differs in some important respects it cannot be con-
sidered as the 2 of the latter, even if the colour of parts of the body and the
vestiture sometimes differ in the two sexes in this genus. It is therefore referred
provisionally to a separate species which agrees and differs from the ¢ of
macrocera as follows:

Body mainly dark, the pleurae more dark piceous brownish, and abdomen
also very dark piceous brownish; antennae and proboscis blackish brown;
clypeus castaneous brownish; humeral tubercles and postalar calli dark piceous
brownish; a medial discal streak on thorax and an indication of a submedial
one on each side, as well as base, indistinctly and obscurely dark reddish;
metanotum mainly black, but obscurely reddish discally and on each side
basally, not so extensively reddish brownish as in macrocera; sides of tergites 1 and
2 dark, not yellowish brownish as in the latter species; venter mainly yellowish
brownish up to sternite 5; hind margins of only tergites 2 and 3 and sides of 4
whitish; bullae also black and shining; legs yellowish brownish up to sternite 5;
hind margins of only tergites 2 and 3 and sides of 4 whitish; bullae also black
and shining; legs yellowish brownish as in macrocera, with the knees of all the
legs and base of hind tibiae also very pale yellowish whitish.

Integument of frons, sides of face, and head below shining; that of thorax
above as in macrocera, coarsely vermicellately rugulose, also with shortish
abbreviated, posteriorly-converging, discal grooves in anterior half; pleurae
shining, but striated; scutellum mainly smooth and shining; metanotum more
finely rugulose than in macrocera; integument of abdomen mainly smooth and
shining, with fine, sparse setiferous puncturation on sides of tergite 1 and sides
basally of 2, very sparse, scattered, slightly coarser ones on tergites 3-6, trans-
verse striation on 6-8, coarser on 8; that of venter also transversely striate.

Vestiture with the hairs on head rather short, not very dense, those on
occiput whitish, and those on head in front, clypeus, palps and lower edge of
buccal cavity brownish, not white as in macrocera, but longish, sparse ones on
head below also whitish; fine, shortish, decumbent hairs in 4 streaks on thorax

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 325

above also whitish as are shortish ones on pleurae; hairs on sides basally of
tergite 1 dense, shortish, snow whitish, those on sides of 1 slightly longer, sparse,
but also whitish; rest of hairs on tergites minute, only perceptible on tergite 2,
the longer, reversed ones on 6-8 (denser on 8) brownish; those on genital seg-
ments also brownish, but the denser, finer, brush-like ones below oviscape more
yellowish; fine, sparse, shortish ones at base of venter whitish; hairs on legs,
especially hind femora, though also whitish, distinctly less dense than in
macrocera.

Head with the antennae also markedly stoutish and long, much longer
than thorax; segment 1 not thickened, about 2-6 times length of 2; segment 3
relatively stoutish, elongate, very much longer than articulation plus club, its
apical part slightly thickened and obscurely transversely wrinkled, not so
conspicuously finely scabrous or rasp-like as in macrocera; club elongate, almost
parallel-sided, its base slightly narrowed and its apical part conical; proboscis
longer than antennae, about 4-4 mm, a little longer than in macrocera; clypeus
rather shortish, though not so short as in macrocera.

Wings rather broad, uniformly tinted subopaquely very pale yellowish
brownish, slightly clearer along hind border; veins pallid; first posterior cell
rather narrowed apically; third posterior cell appearing rather shortish; knobs
of halteres dark above.

Legs with the hind femora less thickened than in macrocera, more clavate,
with a distinctly longer slender basal part, with fewer brownish spines below,
which only begin from just in front of middle; hind tibiae with some distinct
spicules apically below and also with some bristle-like ones on middle on
anterior lower aspect; apical spurs of tibiae and spicules on tarsi longer, more
strongly developed than in macrocera; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly
much longer than claw-segment.

Genital segments with the last covering tergite longitudinally rugulose
basally near medial carina which does not extend to apex; last sternite (8)
broadly emarginate apically, oviscape with 8 or g bluntish, reddish yellowish
spines on a side.

The holotype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 10:5 mm

Distribution: Southern mountainous boundary of Koup Karoo: Bosluis Pass

(Museum Expedition, October 1952).

Cephalocera xerophila n.sp.

This smallish species, with its orange yellowish basal half of abdomen,
cannot be confused with any other of the known South African species of
Cephalocera except brunnipes. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly black; antennae reddish brownish, the clubs more yellowish;
clypeus yellowish brownish; humeral tubercles, postalar calli, greater part of
pleurae, and to a certain extent coxae more piceous reddish than black;

326 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

abdominal segments 1-4 strikingly orange yellowish to a variable extent,
2 and 3 in ¢ being entirely so, and 1 basally and 4 laterally being black, with 1
basally and 3 and 4 laterally and to a variable extent discally along middle in 2
black; hind margins of tergites 2-4 in both sexes more ivory yellowish, especially
on sides; abdominal segments 5-8 black; bullae shining black; hypopygium
and to a certain extent sides of oviscape yellowish; legs dark blackish brown,
the knees of front and middle legs, base of hind femora, and base of hind tibiae
being yellowish, and all the tarsi slightly more yellowish brownish.

Integument of head, body and legs shining, excepting thorax above, but in 9
abdomen above less shining than in ¢; integument of thorax rather coarsely
vermicellately rugulose, with a slight submedial, discal, groove-like depression
on each side, the humeral tubercles also somewhat rugulose; metanotum more
or less transversely striate; integument of abdomen with the last four segments
in 9 subshining, duller, with leathery microsculpture, the last two tergites
transversely striate; the femora shining, but transversely wrinkled.

Vestiture on head, body and legs in 3 moderately long and dense, shorter
and less dense in Q, that on hinder part of abdomen in ¢ being also denser and
more shortly bristly than in most other species; hairs on greater part of frons,
antennae, face and anterior part of head below more yellowish to slightly
fulvous yellowish; those on vertex, occiput, thorax above, tibiae and in 2
sometimes on pleurae, and to a certain extent also base of abdomen, snow
whitish; those on pleurae, coxae, femora and in ¢ also on tergites 1 and 2 and
sternites 1-5 distinctly more yellowish to fulvous yellowish; hairs on rest of
abdomen in ¢ darker, more brownish fulvous; reversed ones on last three
abdominal segments in 2 whitish, but those on oviscape more yellowish; fine
hairs on apical part of hind tibiae and on tarsi also dark.

Head with the antennae about 2:24-2:28 mm; segment 3 slender, nearly 3
times length of 1 and 2 combined; club elongate-pyriform, shorter than segment
3; proboscis longer than antennae, about 3-3-4 mm.

Wings tinted yellowish brownish to apex apically of second submarginal
cell and posteriorly to lower vein of discoidal cell, more faintly so in g, with the
basal half of costal cell and base of first basal cell clearer, with faint fuscous
borders to posterior veins of first and third posterior cells in 2 at least; veins
reddish brownish; first posterior cell narrowed apically; discoidal cell very much
broader apically than apex of third posterior cell which tends to be acute;
knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, slightly more so in g,
subspindle-shaped, with reddish fulvous spines below.

Oviscape in 2 with 7 or 8 spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 20, bottom right) with the anal lobes compara-
tively small; lobes of tergite g markedly small, rounded apically; sternite 9
apically broadly incised V-like, the inner apical part of this incised part under
the process produced into an inwardly-directed blunt process or spine on each
side, with the processes of the sternite short, somewhat flattened above, not

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 327

bidentate, the lower (hinder) margin slightly bulging in the middle, their
rapidly narrowed apical part bending downwards and bluntly lobe-like;
phallic tubes somewhat flattened in basal half, at first directed vertically
upwards, then bent horizontally backwards and then curving inwards and
slightly upwards.

From 1 ¢ and 2 99 in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 11-5-12 mm
Length of wing: about 8—8-5 mm

Distribution: Bushmanland: Naib between Springbok and Pella (Museum
staff, October 1939) (¢ holotype and 9 allotype); Agennys between Springbok
and Pella (Museum staff, October 1939) (2 paratype).

From the Q of brunnipes, which also has part of the dorsum of the abdomen
orange yellowish, the 9 of this species differs in being smaller, in having com-
paratively shorter and more slender antennae, more distinct submedial grooves
discally on thorax, more sculptured humeral tubercles, no submedial reddish
streaks on disc of thorax, greater discal part of tergite 1 yellowish, dark bullae,
shorter, more subspindle-shaped and annulated, hind femora, etc.

Cephalocera fascipennis Macq.

Cephalocera fascipennis Macquart, 1838: 13. Westwood, 1841, I: 55. Walker, 1854: 373.
Gerstaecker, 1868: 78.

Cephalocera umbrina Bequaert (nec Gerstaecker), 1961a: 15, fig. 16. Bequaert, 1963: 59, figs 13B &
15C. (n.syn.)

As there are several South African species of Cephalocera with a characteristic
and striking bifurcate-fasciate wing-pattern and as Macquart’s original descrip-
tion of fascipennis is very brief and inadequate, it is difficult to recognize his
species among the various other known species with a similar type of wing-
pattern. The species which I take to represent fascipennis is however compara-
tively common and fairly well represented in the western Cape and in the
Olifants River valley, and thus more likely to have been seen by Macquart.
The specimens before me also agree in essentials with Macquart’s brief diagno-
sis. They also distinctly vary in size, colouration, colour of the vestiture and even
to a certain extent in wing-infuscation.

Dr. L. Tsacas of the National Museum in Paris, who has very kindly com-
pared a g specimen of this species, which I take to be the fascipennis of Macquart,
with the supposed 3 type of Macquart in the Paris Museum, informs me that
the type is not a g but a 9. From his comments on the type and the ¢ sent
for comparison, it is quite evident that both the gg and 99 in the collections
before me do belong to fascipennis.

The species in question cannot represent Gerstaecker’s umbrina which
apparently also occurs in the same area of distribution. According to the
description of the latter it has shorter antennae which, according to Gerstaecker,
are markedly shorter than the thorax and the abdomen above is ‘durchaus
matt’. In all the specimens before me the antennae are distinctly longer than,

328 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

or at least not much shorter than, the thorax and the abdomen above is in
greater part shining. The damaged 3 specimen in the South African Museum
from Knysna, which Bezzi referred to fascipennis, differs in having all the hairs
on the head, thorax, base of abdomen and legs entirely snow whitish, not
greyish yellowish, yellowish or fulvous yellowish as in fascipennis s.str. This
specimen in fact represents an entirely different, more eastwardly distributed,
species which I am describing as a new species meridionalis farther on.

The specimens from Ceres which Bequaert redescribed comprehensively
as umbrina Gerst. in 1963 on the other hand appear to me to represent some form
of fascipennis only. They also have a shining, not dull, abdomen above and the
hairs on thorax above are yellowish or orange yellowish as in some forms of
fascipennis. The variety umbrina var. albida from Mossel Bay, which Bequaert
described in an appendix, is however not an umbrina nor a fascipennis but appears
to be a distinct almost eastern Cape species of which my meridionalis may even
prove to be a synonym.

The species fascipennis cannot be confused with longirostris of which some
forms also occur in the same western subregion and of which some ¢¢ some-
times also appear to have a slight bifasciate wing-pattern. The finer sculpture
and yellowish hairs on the thorax above and the distinctly more incrassate hind
femora distinguish it at once from Jongirostris.

Supplementing the original description of Macquart and the compre-
hensive redescription (as umbrina) of Bequaert, fascipennis is characterized as
follows:

Body mainly dark or black, the pleurae and abdomen above in Q rather
more brownish or dark brownish than black; antennae dark brownish to
blackish brown, the middle part of clubs more yellowish or orange; clypeus
muddy yellowish to yellowish reddish, more brownish in some specimens;
humeral tubercles yellowish; following parts also yellowish reddish or ochreous
yellowish: an anterior infusion on humeral part on inner side of humeral
tubercles, sides of thorax above (narrower, or sometimes obscure or even want-
ing, in ¢), postalar calli, base of thorax above (narrower in ¢), two submedial,
discal streaks converging posteriorly in 2 (absent or obscure in g and some-
times also in Q), entire or greater part of metanotum (excepting dark central
streak), metapleural part around halteres and the black posterior spiracle,
broadish sides of tergites 1-3 or 4, narrow on 5 and 6, passing into broadish
spots in posterior angles on sides of the tergites (more extensive in Q); sternites
1-4 and hind margins of rest in 3 to a variable extent, entire or greater part of
venter in Q, and ventral parts of hypopygial structures in 3; hind margin of
tergite 1 in ¢ yellowish and those of 2-4 and sides of 5-7 in g whitish, margined
on basal side with yellowish or orange; hind margins of tergites 1-5 (or only on
sides of 5) in 2 more yellowish than whitish, or only obscurely whitish across
extreme posterior margins of 2-4 (or 5); bullae large and oval in 3, small in 9,
yellowish, brownish, reddish brownish to brownish, sometimes narrowly darkly-
margined, and partly surrounded on basal side by the yellowish reddish on

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 329

sides of tergite 2; front and middle legs, basal part or half, and to a variable
extent lower surface of hind femora (more extensive in 9), hind tibiae and tarsi
yellowish, the upper face of front and middle femora basally and greater part of
hind femora darkened, blackish brownish to a variable extent, and the coxae
also dark.

Integument of vertex, frons in middle (more extensive in 9), clypeus, sides
of thorax above in Q, postalar calli, scutellum, greater part of pleurae and
abdomen shining; thorax above dulled by very fine vermicellate-rugulose
sculpture which is much finer than in the longzrostris section; notopleural part on
extreme sides of thorax also transversely grooved, but the part is considerably
narrower than in preceding section; metanotum dull rugulose; propleurae and
posterior metapleural part dulled by greyish whitish tomentum; hind margins of
tergites 3-7 in g also with rather conspicuous and broadish bands of silvery
whitish tomentum; surface of abdomen above in ¢ with aciculate setiferous
puncturation; that of 2 transversely striate on last three segments, more coarsely
so on last, and middle tergites sometimes with some scattered punctures.

Vestiture very dense and long in 4, especially on head, thorax above,
tergites I-3, coxae and legs, very dense and villose on latter; vestiture in 9 very
much shorter and sparser, longish only on head, especially clypeus, and sparsely
on legs, most of the abdomen in 9 almost bare, except for shortish hairs on
tergites 1 and 2 and to a lesser extent 3, and on last two segments; hairs on
sternites 1-3 in g also longish; the hairs on vertex, frons and in four streaks on
thorax above in ¢ tinted yellowish, greyish yellowish to fulvous to a variable
degree, the rest of the long hairs on body, shorter ones on abdomen and dense
ones on legs whitish or snow whitish; those on head, body and legs in @ also
whitish, but fine ones on disc of thorax tinted very slightly sericeous yellowish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (excluding scutellum), about
3°24-3°4 mm, proportionally slightly shorter than in longirostris; segment 3
elongate, though proportionally shorter than in latter species; proboscis com-
paratively much longer, about 3-5-5 mm, its labella more finely rugulose than
in longirostris.

Wings (text-fig. 21, top) glassy hyaline, tinted slightly milky whitish,
especially at tip, and with the base, hinder half of costal cell behind subcosta,
entire marginal cell, entire first basal cell, greater part of first submarginal cell
(excepting clear central part in apical half and lower apical part of latter),
as well as base, or basal part, of first posterior cell and along adjoining veins
yellowish brownish to brownish, this infuscation appearing as a characteristic
and conspicuous, apically-bifurcate infusion in both sexes and, apart from
which, there is also some infuscation or cloudiness along posterior veins of
second basal and discoidal cells and across vein between these cells, or even at
base of third posterior cell, which in typical $3 is very faint or almost imper-
ceptible, but in 2 more extensive and quite distinct, with most of costal cell in 2
also infused; veins yellowish brownish to brown; discoidal cell spindle-shaped,
proportionally much broader than in longirostris, at broadest part broader than

330 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

either second basal and third posterior cells, apically much narrower than third
posterior cell, its apex thus with a long stalk; knobs of halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly much thickened, incrassate in both
sexes, only a little less so in 9, their double row of reddish brownish to brownish
spines below beginning near base; hind tibiae bent almost at right angles
basally, the medial carinate ridge below extending to near apex, the apical
third below without any distinct spicules; spicules on tibiae and tarsi fulvous
yellowish.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 21, below left) with the lower margin of the
spoon-shaped apical part of processes of sternite g not angular or sharply
angular as in longirostris, usually yellowish apically; lobes of tergite 9 obliquely
subtruncate apically.

From 7 ¢¢ and 3 99 in the South African Museum and 1 @ in the Trans-
vaal Museum.

Length of body: about 12°5-19°5 mm
Length of wing: about 9:5-14 mm

Fic. 21

Top: Wing of 3 Cephalocera fascipennis Macq.
Below left: Posterior view of sternite 9 of ¢ Cephalocera fascipennis Macq., showing its processes,
also the two phallic tubes and the posterior shield at their base.
Below left middle: Side view of hypopygium of ¢ of same species, showing sternite 9, phallic
tubes and right lobe of tergite 9g.

Below right: Right process of sternite g and right lobe of tergite 9 of 3 Cephalocera fascipennis
var. luteipes n.

Middle right: Right process of sternite 9 of 3 Cephalocera mimica n.sp.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 331

Distribution: Western Cape: Het Kruis (Museum Expedition, October
1947); Graafwater (Museum Expedition, October 1947); Olifants River
(Museum Expedition, September 1938); Clanwilliam (Ac. University of
Stellenbosch, November 1936); Van Rhynsdorp (Dr. Brauns, August 1938).

The 3 and 2 from Graafwater represent a distinct form which differs
from the more typical specimens from Het Kruis in having a darker, more
brownish clypeus; the sides of thorax above and even postalar calli in 3 dark
and in 9 more obscurely, or more narrowly, reddish; base of thorax, even in 9,
scarcely reddish; metanotum in ¢ spot-like reddish on sides; venter darker in 9;
hairs on thorax above relatively paler, more greyish yellowish, those on vertex
whitish; second basal cell in wings in ¢ distinctly more infused and posterior
vein of dicoidal cell with more extensive fuscous borders, more like those of
typical 9, and clear apical part in first submarginal cell less extensive; wings in 9
also with more extensive fuscous borders along posterior vein of discoidal cell;
and proboscis comparatively shorter, only about 3-3-6 mm.

The 2 from Van Rhynsdorp represents still another form, with much darker
infuscation in the wings, the pattern more like that of the distinct variety
described below; with much paler or more extensively yellowish legs, especially
hind ones; and with the hairs on disc of thorax entirely snow whitish.

Cephalocera fascipennis var. luteipes n.

A good series of $j and 99 from the Citrusdal and Clanwilliam area in
the Olifants River valley constitute a distinct and striking variety of fascipennis
and of which they may even be considered as a distinct subspecies. This variety
is apparently more common in the Olifants River valley than the more typical
form and certain forms of longirostris.

It, especially the 3, may at once be recognized by the striking pale luteous
yellowish legs and the fulvous hairs on these. As in the case of the more typical
fascipennis, but even more so, the 9 differs considerably from the ¢ in the length,
and to a certain extent the colour, of the hairs. This variety differs from the
more typical fascipennis in the following respects:

Body with the same parts yellowish or yellowish reddish, but sides of thorax
and its base in middle much narrower, or not so extensively, reddish, especially
in 9, where there is no indication of two submedial discal reddish streaks as in
some 99 of the typical form; vertex on sides in both sexes more consistently very
dark reddish; sides of tergites 1-5 in 3 distinctly more extensively and more
broadly yellowish, the yellowish on sides at bases of 4 and 5 also extending
upwards, in 2 the yellowish brownish on sides of tergite 2 also more extensive;
hind margins of tergites 1-4 or 5 in 3 also whitish and also bordered on basal
side with orange yellowish, and tergites 6 and 7 to a variable extent usually only
yellowish on sides in apical corners, being replaced across discal part by the
greyish whitish or silvery tomentum; hind margins of only tergites 2-4 in 9
yellowish whitish, but that of 1 also reddish brownish as in more typical Q;
bullae in 3 sometimes more ochreous brownish, in 9 also yellowish brownish or

332 ; ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

reddish brownish as in typical 9, but tending to be very much smaller or even
minute; genital structures in J sometimes paler, mainly pale yellowish; legs,
especially in g, conspicuously and strikingly pale luteous yellowish, only
slightly brownish along upper part of front and middle femora to a variable
extent, less so in 9, and hind femora (including coxae) in some 3, unlike
those of more typical 3, more often almost entirely luteous yellowish, only the
upper part in both sexes infused with brownish to a variable extent.

Integument as in the typical fascipennis, that of front part of pleurae, and the
abdomen, mainly shining.

Vestiture in g as long and as dense, the hairs on vertex and thorax above
pale creamy yellowish, fulvous yellowish to fulvous reddish; longish ones on
tergites I-3 in g creamy yellowish to fulvous yellowish; shortish, depressed
hairs on rest of abdomen in ¢ slightly more yellowish or even fulvous; dense
hairs on legs not entirely snow whitish, but more creamy yellowish, yellowish
to strikingly fulvous yellowish; hairs in 2 much shorter and sparser than in J
and apparently a little shorter than in typical 2 fascipennis, those on vertex,
front part of frons and sometimes on clypeus above very slightly tinted creamy
yellowish; the very short ones on thorax above in 2 mainly whitish, though those
in two submedial streaks tinted more yellowish in certain lights, and fine ones
on tergites 1 and 2 slightly shorter than in typical 9, slightly more sericeous
yellowish than whitish; those on last two abdominal segments whitish to
slightly yellowish; hairs on legs shorter than in more typical 9, without any
longish ones, tinted mainly yellowish, appearing more golden on hind femora,
without some longer ones on these femora; hairs on front coxae in both sexes
snow whitish; spines on hind femora sometimes slightly paler, paler reddish,
or more yellowish; apical bands of silvery or greyish whitish tomentum across
hind margins of tergites in g as conspicuous as in typical ¢.

Head with the antennae, proboscis and other cephalic structures similar
to those of typical fascipennis.

Wings almost similarly infuscated, but hinder half, even in dg, distinctly
more infuscated, the middle apical part of first submarginal cell, before base of
second, not so conspicuously clear, the second basal cell distinctly more infus-
cated, and anterior and posterior veins of third posterior cell more broadly and
conspicuously bordered with fuscous, and sometimes third posterior cell itself
more infused, as well as apical part or along anterior vein of anal cell, and
usually also with the part of hinder border of wing posterior to third posterior
cell slightly, but distinctly, tinted and contrasting with the clearer apical part
which appears milky whitish in certain lights; clear streak in discoidal cell
distinctly much narrower than in the typical form; anal cell in both sexes
comparatively narrower.

Legs very similar, the hind femora similarly thickened and incrassate.

Oviscape in 2 with about 7 or 8 reddish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the broadened apical spoon-like part of processes of
sternite 9 tending to be a little narrower than in typical form and lobes of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA BIR

tergite 9 tending to be distinctly shorter (cf. text-fig. 21, right below).

From 22 $9 and 4 9° (3 holotype, 9 allotype, 8 § and 2 2 paratypes in
the Transvaal Museum, and 13 ¢ and 1 Q paratypes in the South African
Museum).

Length of body: about 13-18 mm
Length of wing: about 10-13 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Clanwilliam (Dr. Brauns, September 1928)
(3 holotype, 2 allotype and 7 g and 3 Q paratypes) ; 8 miles north of Citrusdal
(South African Museum, September 1961) (13 ¢ paratypes); Van Rhynsdorp
(Dr. Brauns, August 1928) (1 3 paratype).

Cephalocera mimica n.sp.

A single 3 specimen in the collections of the South African Museum
collected at Touws River, resembles fascipennis, and more especially the var.
luteipes from Clanwilliam, so closely that it may be very easily mistaken for
just another variety of fascipennis. Notwithstanding the close similarity of most
of its morphological characters and its apparently identical wing-pattern it
nevertheless differs primarily in the shape of the processes of sternite 9.

Compared with the ¢ of fascipennis var. luteipes it differs in the following
respects:

Body slightly smaller; postalar calli darker; metapleural parts entirely
black, not yellowish or reddish yellowish; sides of tergite 1 and its hind margin
black, not extensively yellowish; extreme sides of tergites 2-5 whitish, not very
broadly and extensively on sides of 2 and 3, and narrowly so on 4 and 5; venter
only obscurely pale at base, mainly black; hypopygium mainly black; legs
much darker, with more extensively darkened hind femora, the front and
middle ones and the tibiae also darkened above, the apical half of hind femora
more darkened, the tarsi more brownish, and the pulvilli more extensively
blackened; bullae smaller, reddish brownish, dark-margined, more distinctly
wider apart.

Vestiture as dense and as long on body and legs, similarly coloured, though
that on legs not so fulvous yellowish, but more pale greyish yellowish; rings of
dull tomentum across hind margins of tergites distinctly much narrower, con-
fined to narrowish whitish hind margins, not extending basally across these as
conspicuous silvery cross bands (in certain lights) as in fascipennis and _ its
varieties; decumbent hairs on abdomen in punctures distinctly denser and the
hairs more sericeous yellowish than fulvous.

Wings relatively much shorter, though with a very similar pattern, but
with apical parts of second submarginal and first posterior cells distinctly more
narrowed, and apical cross-vein of discoidal cell much broader than that of
third posterior cell; veins darker, more blackish brown.

Head with the interocular space on vertex apparently narrower; vertex
relatively more deeply sunk in; antennae similar; proboscis about 3:76 mm
long.

334. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Legs very similar, the hind femora as incrassate, but appearing less clavate,
their bases less narrowed or slender.

Hypopygium very similar, but lobes of tergite 9 more tongue-shaped,
equally narrowed apically; processes of sternite g distinctly, though slightly,
more deeply indented below before lower apical angle (cf. text-fig. 21, extreme
right middle).

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 9 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: ‘Touws River (Museum Expedition, 16th

October 1966).

Cephalocera meridionalis n.sp.
Cephalocera fascipennis Bezzi (nec Macquart), 19245: 229. (n.syn.)

This species which Bezzi described as fascipennis Macq. and which is
represented in the South African Museum by a ¢ specimen without the posterior
half of its abdomen, does not agree in even the few distinguishing characters
given by Macquart in his inadequate description of fascipennis. As the specimen
differs specifically from specimens I take to be the true fascipennis of Macquart,
and also from all the other known species of Cephalocera, it is here described as
a new species which occurs farther eastwards than any other form of this genus.
It agrees and differs from the 3 of what I take to be fascipennis s.str. as follows:

Body with the same parts yellowish, but prominence on each side of the
vertex more piceous reddish; antennae pale, pale yellowish brownish; metano-
tum more extensively yellowish reddish; bullae smaller, more reniform, slightly
paler yellowish brownish; legs similarly coloured, but base of hind femora less
extensively yellowish and apical part of hind tibiae more darkened.

Integument with the same parts shining or dull.

Vestiture distinctly shorter, especially on thorax, pleurae and legs, and
entirely snow whitish, not greyish yellowish, yellowish, or fulvous on thorax
above as in fascipennis.

Head with the clypeus distinctly smaller, shorter; antennae proportionally
shorter, the segments proportionally shorter, entire length about 2-92 mm
(at least 3-24 mm in fascipennis); proboscis very much shorter, only about 2-4
mm, as against 3-6—5 mm.

Wings with a slightly different pattern of infuscation, the infuscated parts
paler yellowish brownish and, though darker in anterior half, the rest of wing
is not clear hyaline, but distinctly tinted yellowish, the entire costal and second
basal cells being also tinted, and the bounding veins of posterior part of dis-
coidal cell, of third posterior cell and of first posterior cell with distinct faint
fuscous borders, the clearer apical part in first submarginal cell and middle
part of discoidal cell less distinct (a bifasciate pattern thus much less distinct) ;
veins much paler, more pallid; apex of discoidal cell only very shortly stalked,
the apical part of this cell thus very much broader than that of third posterior
cell; second submarginal cell markedly narrowed apically.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 335

Length of wing: about 9 mm

Distribution: Southern Cape: Knysna (L. Péringuey, October 1916).

There is a great suspicion that this species may prove to be only a more
eastwardly-occurring representative of the next species albida Beq. (described
by Bequaert as a variety of wmbrina Gerst.). As only a single damaged J repre-
sentative of meridionalis and a single ¢ specimen of albida are known and in view
of the fact that most species of Mydaidae are remarkably restricted in their
distribution, this species is however considered provisionally as a separate one.

Cephalocera albida Beq.
Cephalocera umbrina var. albida Bequaert, 1963: 63-64.

A single 3 specimen from Mossel Bay, collected by Turner, was described
as a white-haired variety albida of Gerstaeker’s umbrina by Bequaert in a short
appendix to his comprehensive redescription of what he took to represent the
latter species. This variety is not represented in the collections before me. As
representatives of the genus Cephalocera are somewhat difficult to separate and as
they also appear to be restricted to certain geographical regions as in the case
of other mydaid genera in South Africa, it is more than likely that this variety
albida represents a distinct and separate species which status it is accorded in
this revision. .

According to Bequaert it differs from the specimens (from Ceres) which he
referred (wrongly I think) to wmbrina in being smaller; in being entirely and
uniformly white-haired, there being no rufous or reddish vestiture on the head
above and thorax above; in having the yellowish hind margin of tergite 2 much
broadened on sides to surround the bullae (a character also present in meri-
dionalis) ; in having a dark margin around the bullae (also present in meridionalts) ;
and in having the whitish pruinosity on the posterior parts of the tergites
strictly limited to the pale hind margins.

All these characters appear to me to be of sufficient value to separate
albida specifically from the specimens of fascipennis Macq. which Bequaert
referred to umbrina.

According to Bequaert’s very short description albida differs from the
preceding meridionalis in having a longer proboscis; a more restricted, less
extensive and darker infuscation in the wings, which does not also occupy the
second basal cell, posterior part of discoidal cell and base of third posterior cell
to the same extent; a distinctly broader apical part of second submarginal cell,
which is as broad apically as first posterior cell and not much narrowed as in
meridionalis; a much shorter apical stalk to first posterior cell; a much longer
apical stalk to discoidal cell; and much longer hairs on hind tibiae along their
inner and lower faces.

Length of body: about 14 mm

Distribution: Southern coastal part: Mossel Bay (R. Turner, October 1921).

The other imperfect 3 specimen from a locality (Howers) in the near
eastern Cape and collected by C. B. Cottrell in November 1956 and also

336 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

referred to a local variety of the form described by Bequaert as umbrina (Bequaert
1963: 64) is also not present in any of the collections before me, but from
Bequaert’s short reference to it, it appears to be still another species which is
different from both albida and meridionalis and probably represents a still
farther eastward-occurring species of this genus.

Cephalocera simulata n.sp.

A single 2 specimen in the collections of the late Dr. Brauns resembles the
2 of fascipennis var. lutetpes very closely and to’a certain extent also that of
brunnipes.

From the former it differs in the following respects:

Body very similarly coloured, with the same parts yellowish or yellowish
reddish, but the reddish on thorax above distinctly less extensive, that on sides
and across base only narrowish, not broadened medially; tubercles on vertex
comparatively paler reddish; black spots submedially on each side of metanotum
smaller; hind femora distinctly more uniformly brownish, at least on outer
side, not either mainly yellowish or with the basal part very pale yellowish;
hind tibiae distinctly more pale yellowish whitish basally and more brownish
apically.

Integument on disc of thorax and on metanotum, especially latter, distinctly
more finely rugulose; that of last two abdominal segments less densely trans-
versely rugose or wrinkled, distinctly more shining.

Vestiture also mainly whitish, but with the hairs distinctly shorter, those on
thorax above very short, and those on tergite 1 without any longish ones, and
those on last two abdominal segments also shorter; hairs on coxae and legs
distinctly much shorter, especially on hind femora, and the front and middle
ones with fewer longish hairs.

Head with the antennae considerably shorter, shorter than proboscis, and
only a little longer than thorax (excluding scutellum); segment 3 markedly
shorter than in the variety of fascipennis, and only a little longer than club (in
latter it is considerably longer) ; clypeus comparatively smaller, less prominent,
less bulging and convex; proboscis much shorter.

Wings very similarly infuscated, but middle of discoidal cell slightly more
broadly clearer; second submarginal cell tending to be broader towards base,
its hind vein more bent backwards near its base, and appendix in the specimen
markedly long; outer or posterior vein of first posterior cell rather more
arcuately curved outwards in apical part.

Legs proportionally shorter, the hind femora relatively more thickened,
armed below with a double row of darker spines; hind tibiae distinctly more
curved basally; basal segment of hind tarsi comparatively much shorter,
subequal in length to claw-segment, not distinctly longer as in the variety of
Sascipennis.

From brunnipes it may at once be distinguished by the shorter antennae,
finer sculpture on thorax above, the yellowish reddish and not smoothish

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA B37

shining metanotum, black tergites 2 and 3, very much shorter vestiture, etc.
Holotype in the Transvaal Museum.
Length of body: about 11-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9 mm
Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 15th October
1906).

Cephalocera umbrina Gerst.
Cephalocera umbrina Gerstaecker, 1868: 77.

The true identity of this species is difficult to ascertain without an examina-
tion of the type specimen itself. Its recognition is rendered more difficult owing
to the fact that several of the known species, with a fascipennis-type of wing-
pattern, show more or less uniform characters, especially in this type of wing-
pattern and even in the genitalia. From Gerstaecker’s description, though fairly
comprehensive, wmbrina cannot be identified satisfactorily because the author
based it on a single 3 specimen and it may be made applicable to some of the
other related forms unknown to Gerstaecker. Bequaert has given a detailed
redescription in 1963 of what he took to represent wmbrina, but as I have indi-
cated under fascipennis his description is more applicable to specimens which
probably represent the latter species than to umbrina s.str. in which the antennae
are stated by Gerstaecker to be ‘merklich kurzer als der Thorax’ and the abdo-
men above to be ‘durchaus matt’, characters not present in Bequaert’s specimens
nor in those assigned by me to fascipennis Macq.

A single 3 specimen, with dull abdomen and antennae which are distinctly
shorter than the thorax, in the collections of the Transvaal Museum, agrees in
essential features with the description of wmbrina given by Gerstaecker and to
which species it is referred provisionally. This specimen also resembles speci-
mens referred to fascipennis Macq., but it is characterized as follows:

Body with the yellowish reddish or yellowish brownish distributed in the
same way, but base of thorax above without extensive yellowish reddish; middle
part of metanotum distinctly more broadly black; sides of tergites 1-5 dis-
tinctly less extensively yellowish, confined more to sides and not enveloping
bullae on sides of 2 and also not extensively occupying sides apically on 1-3
as in fascipennis; hind margin of tergite 1 yellowish or yellowish reddish only on
extreme sides, and those of 2-4, and to a certain extent also 5, only narrowly
whitish, this whitish not bordered on basal sides with conspicuous orange
yellowish, and almost only extreme apical corners on sides of 5—7 whitish;
bullae darker brownish; base of venter not so pale yellowish, darkened, more
castaneous brownish; hypopygial structures below and sternite 8 more uni-
formly or extensively reddish brownish; legs with the tibiae and tarsi more
brownish than yellowish, and front and middle femora appearing more exten-
sively brownish above, and hind femora more uniformly or more extensively
darkened, the base and lower surface not so pale yellowish, the spines on them
below darker, more blackish.

338 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Integument of thorax above slightly more coarsely rugulose; that of metano-
tum distinctly more coarsely rugulose; that of abdomen above dull, not shining
as in fascipennis and related species, and with coarser and much denser granular
setiferous puncturation.

Vestiture with the hairs on vertex and basal half of frons slightly deeper
yellowish, more yellowish reddish; those on thorax above in four streaks com-
paratively denser, distinctly more fulvous reddish, those along the two sub-
medial, discal streaks appearing darker or more reddish mauvish in certain
lights; rest of longish hairs, excepting whitish ones on propleural part, front
coxae and in tuft at extreme sides basally on tergite 1, tinted more yellowish or
fulvous in certain lights; those on middle and hind coxae and base of hind
femora also more yellowish not whitish; depressed hairs in fine granular acicu-
late puncturation on abdomen above distinctly much denser and more fulvous
or yellowish; hinder part of tergites with scarcely perceptible, narrower, or
more obscure, greyish tomentum, not so conspicuously evident as broadish
whitish bands as in fascipennis.

Head with the antennae distinctly shorter, very much shorter than thorax
(excluding scutellum), only about 3-06 mm long; segment 3 and club pro-
portionally shorter, the latter distinctly more subpyriform; proboscis about
6-4 mm long.

Wings, relative to body, shorter than in fascipennis, with a very similar
pattern, the dark however occupying more of basal part of first posterior cell,
and also with more distinct, or darker, fuscous borders along posterior vein of
discoidal cell and basal cross veins of third posterior cell; veins darker; alula
comparatively larger.

Legs with the thickened hind femora not only armed below with a double
row of spines, but also laterally and dorso-laterally in apical half with some
distinct spines, entirely absent in fascipennis; hind tibiae with distinct spicules
on lower apical part, or apical third, minute or absent in fasczpennis.

Hypopygium with the lobes (text-fig. 22, top left) of tergite 9 slightly more
narrowed and pointed apically; processes of sternite 9 (text-fig. 22, bottom left)
proportionally much smaller, shorter, their broadened, apical, spoon-shaped
part comparatively less broad.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Malmesbury (A. Gobreghts, November
1928).

A 2 specimen in the Transvaal Museum, from the same locality, is pro-
visionally taken to represent the as yet undescribed @ of this species. It agrees
with the above described ¢ in the relatively shortish antennae, which are also
much shorter than in 9 of fascipennis; its more uniformly brownish hind femora;
the presence of even stouter and more distinct spicules, apart from hairs, on
tibiae below, and on more than apical third of hind ones below (wanting in
Q fascipennis) ; the presence of deeper yellowish, more fulvous, hairs on disc of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 339

thorax, denser fine hairs on abdomen above; and the very similarly infuscated
wings.

Apart from some differences mentioned above, it differs from the 2 of
Jascipennis in the less smooth and shining, more punctured dorsum of the abdo-
men above which has more fine hairs, and the more coarsely transversely
wrinkled last three segments; comparatively narrower yellowish or dirty
yellowish hind margins of tergites 1-4; shorter hairs on legs; comparatively
less thickened hind femora; darker veins in comparatively shorter wings, of
which the alula is slightly larger and broader; and the less extensive yellowish
reddish across base of thorax above.

Length of body: about 14:5 mm
Length of wing: about 9 mm
Length of proboscis: about 3:92 mm

Distribution: South-western Cape: Malmesbury (Dr. Brauns, October

1925).

Fic. 22

Left: Side view of right lobe of tergite 9 of § Cephalocera umbrina Gerst. and below it posterior
view of sternite g of the same g, showing its processes and partially extruded phallic tubes.

Middle: Side view of right lobe of tergite 9 of $ Cephalocera imitata n.sp. and below it posterior
view of sternite 9 of the same ¢ showing its processes and the fully extruded phallic tubes of the
aedeagal apparatus (the posterior shield at base of tubes also seen).

Right: Side view of right lobe of tergite g of g Cephalocera brachyptera n.sp. and below it right
process of sternite 9 of the same g. On extreme right below right process of sternite 9 of 3
Cephalocera riparia n.sp.

Cephalocera imitata n.sp.

Two ¢g specimens in the collections before me are very near umbrina Gerst.
as identified by me and raises the question whether, in view of the confusion

340 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

concerning the true identity of the latter species, these specimens may not repre-
sent the real umbrina s.str. Their predominantly shining abdomen however
separates them from the latter at once in which the abdomen above is stated by
Gerstaecker to be ‘durchaus matt’. They are nevertheless very near umbrina
according to the description of the latter and are characterized as follows:

Body mainly very dark blackish brownish; clypeus yellowish brownish,
blackened along middle; humeral tubercles yellowish brownish; postalar calli
and sides of metanotum (latter obscurely) dark reddish brownish; hinder part
of metapleurae, sides of tergite 1 and sides in more than basal half of 2-4 and
sometimes extreme sides of 5 as well as sternite 9 yellowish brownish; narrowish
hind margin of tergite 1 on sides and hind margins of 2-6 or 2—5 (5 and 6 or
4 and 5 only on sides) whitish, the whitish on extreme sides in posterior angles of
the tergites broadened (posterior lateral angle of tergite 7 yellowish brownish) ;
bullae orange brownish; venter mainly dark, only sternites 1-3, and to a certain
extent 4, more yellowish brownish or castaneous, without any distinct yellowish
or whitish hind margins, even on sides; legs with the coxae dark, the front and
middle femora yellowish brownish, darkened above, their tibiae and tarsi
paler, the hind femora very dark blackish brownish and their tibiae and tarsi
brownish.

Integument with the central part of frons, clypeus, postalar calli, greater part
of pleurae, greater part of abdomen (excepting tomented hind margins of
tergites 2-7), hypopygial structures and legs, especially hind femora, shining;
integument of thorax above dull, finely rugulose, even finer medially, more
finely setiferously punctate on sides; metanotum rugose; scutellum longi-
tudinally obscurely striate; abdomen setiferously punctured, more transversely
so on last three segments.

Vestiture with the hairs on head above faintly yellowish, on face and clypeus
and head below whitish; those in two submedial streaks and on sides of thorax
above in front of wing-base, yellowish to fulvous reddish; those on sides of
thorax behind wing-base on postalar calli and at base of scutellum more yellow-
ish whitish or whitish; those on pleurae snow whitish; longish ones on tergites
1 and 2 and basally on sides of 3, as well as longish ones at base of venter and
shorter ones on sternite 3, also white; short, decumbent, and not very dense,
hairs on rest of abdomen and on hypopygium more yellowish or golden, appear-
ing more fulvous reddish along dorsum and on posterior segments; dense and
longish hairs on coxae and femora snow whitish, the longish ones along inner
face of hind tibiae also whitish, but those along hinder face of front and middle
tibiae, though also whitish, tinted slightly yellowish in certain lights; stiffish
shortish hairs on dorso-apical part of hind femora dark or blackish brownish;
shortish ones on outer apical half of hind femora more fulvous; shortish ones
on tibiae more yellowish; hairs and spicules on tarsi yellowish to fulvous, appear-
ing deeper fulvous or darker on hind ones; tomentum in frontal depressions,
along inner margin of eyes dirty whitish, that on occiput more whitish and that
in a distinct band across hind margins of tergites 2-7 greyish whitish to dull

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 341

greyish.

Head with the antennae longer than thorax (in umbrina markedly shorter) ;
segment I about 2-3-2-4 times length of 2; segment 3 longer than club, more
than its apical third thickened segment-like; club elongate-conical, gradually
broadened to beyond middle, its base feebly constricted; proboscis slender,
longer than antennae, about 4-16—4-2 mm long.

Wings, relative to body, rather shortish, with a fascipennis-type of pattern
and the following parts dark brownish: the marginal cell or sides of it, sides of
first submarginal cell, first basal cell, faintly along posterior part or vein of
second basal cell, basal part of first posterior cell, along veins at base of second
submarginal cell, along basal veins of third posterior cell and along course of
anterior and posterior veins of discoidal cell; middle part of first submarginal
cell to a large extent clear in more than apical half like rest of wing; veins dark
brownish; second submarginal cell narrowed apically; halteres yellowish
brownish to reddish brownish.

Legs with the incrassate hind femora armed below with a double row of
very dark blackish brown, backwardly-directed spines on rather prominent
tubercles and, as in umbrina, also armed laterally and dorsolaterally in apical
half with distinct, dark, bristle-like spines, more or less arranged in irregular
rows; hind tibiae, apart from the apical spurs, without conspicuous or long
spicules, with only shortish fulvous ones in apical fourth and also some spicule-
like, dark setae along outer face.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9, the last sternite and its processes,
and aedeagal apparatus, as shown in text-figure 22 (middle), the processes
rounded apically.

Holotype and paratype in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 17-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11-13 mm

Distribution: Cape: Worcester (C. D. Michener, 30th September 1966)
(holotype); Rawsonville (S. Everson, 20th January 1963) (paratype).

Apart from the two characters (length of antennae and shining abdomen)
mentioned above, this species differs from the 3 of umbrina, as defined in this
revision, in having the tomentum restricted to hind margins of the tergites;
decumbent hairs on abdomen above distinctly sparser; longish hairs at base of
abdomen and on hind femora more snow whitish, not greyish or yellowish
whitish; proboscis relatively shorter; setae along outer upper part of basal half
of hind tibiae short, not long and bristle-like; halteres darker; broadened apical
part of processes of sternite 9 more curved down (cf. text-fig. 22, middle and
left) and lobes of tergite 9 less tongue-shaped (cf. text-figs).

Cephalocera devia n.sp.

Another single 3 specimen in the collections before me, with the antennae
unfortunately missing, resembles imitata so closely that it may even be con-
sidered as only representing a form or variety of the latter. The specimen

342 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

however shows certain distinct differences which suggest a separate species
rather than a variety. Compared to zmuitata it differs in the following respects:

Body also mainly very dark blackish brownish; antennal segments 1 and 2
however yellowish, not dark; clypeus much paler, more yellowish; humeral
tubercles much paler, very pale yellowish and surrounding them on inner side
on anterior declivity and posteriorly towards wing-base a dark reddish infusion;
postalar calli and narrowly across base of thorax also dark reddish; almost
entire metanotum, excepting dark central part, reddish; pteropleural and
sternopleural parts and in front of and below halteres very dark reddish, not
black; metapleural part more extensively yellowish; sides of tergites 1 and 2
and extreme sides of 3-5 more broadly and conspicuously yellowish; hind
margins of tergites 2-6 distinctly much more broadly, more conspicuously,
yellowish or yellowish whitish, not so white as in zmztata, though also broadly
whitish on sides in posterior angles; bullae similarly coloured, but with more
yellowish below and behind them; venter distinctly paler yellowish in basal
half and more reddish brownish in hinder half, the base of sternites even paler
and hind margins of sternites distinctly and broadly yellowish whitish; legs with
the front and middle ones much paler yellowish, the darkish hind femora yellowish
brownish basally and below, not mainly dark, and hind tibiae and tarsi paler,
more pale yellowish brownish, the base of tibiae even distinctly yellowish.

Integument very similar, the abdomen also shining, but without any distinct
dull tomented hind margins of tergites, the setiferous, aciculate puncturation
slightly denser and posterior segments more coarsely transversely striate.

Vestiture very similar, but hairs on thorax above paler, more greyish
yellowish than fulvous and without any short darkish hairs dorso-apically on
hind femora.

Head with the clypeus distinctly larger, longer dorsally (proportions of
devia to imitata being about 14:10); proboscis a little shorter, about 3-16 mm
as against 4-16 mm.

Wings, relative to body, comparatively longer, almost entirely clear, the
marginal and first basal cells tinted only faintly yellowish, without any indica-
tion of infuscation along basal and anterior veins of discoidal cell; veins distinctly
paler, more reddish yellowish.

Legs very similar, the hind femora similarly and equally incrassate, armed
below with a double row of slightly paler spines, the sides apically also with
spines (a variable number in a row above outer row of ventral ones and some
on sides apically, but without the longish bristly ones along outer apical part
present in imitata) ; short spicules or setae along upper outer part of hind tibiae
paler, more yellowish, and rest of spicules on hind tibiae and tarsi paler, more
fulvous yellowish.

Hypopygium (as far as this is visible in the specimen) similar, but with
sternite g relatively broader and shorter, and broadened apical part of its
processes apparently proportionally narrower.

Holotype in the South African Museum.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 343

Length of body: about 18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 13 mm
Distribution: Cape: Stellenbosch (Ac. University of Stellenbosch, 28th
October 1933).

Cephalocera euryptera n.sp.

A single 2 specimen in the South African Museum, with rather broadish
wings, represents a species which is very near fascipennis and also to the 9 I have
referred to umbrina. It agrees and differs from these two species in the following
respects:

Body also mainly very dark blackish brown or castaneous brownish, with
the same parts yellowish brownish or yellowish reddish, but with extensive
yellowish reddish also at base of thorax as in fascipennis; middle of metanotum
more broadly darkened than in latter, more like that of wmbrina; sides of tergites
1 and 2, and to a lesser extent 3 and 4, also extensively yellowish as in fascipennis :
hind margins of tergites 2-4, and more obscurely 5, conspicuously and broadly
yellowish as in latter, broader than in umbrina, and that of tergite 1 also
narrower, more yellowish reddish; legs as in umbrina, the upper surfaces of
femora, the tibiae, and most of hind femora more castaneous brownish than
yellowish, the hind femora not paler or yellowish basally and below as in
fascipennis.

Integument more like that of umbrina, that of thorax above and of metanotum
however comparatively more coarsely rugulose; abdomen above also punctured,
not almost smooth as in fascipennis, but slightly less densely punctured on tergites
1-3, and distinctly more sparsely so on rest than in umbrina.

Vestiture slightly denser on disc of thorax and on legs than in the other two
species, that on disc of thorax also more yellowish or fulvous as in umbrina;
fine hairs on abdomen, though less dense than in umbrina, distinctly much denser
than in fascipennis, also slightly more yellowish than whitish discally from tergite
3, but longer ones on 7 and 8 whitish as in the other two species; hairs on legs,
especially hind ones, even more yellowish or fulvous than in wmbrina.

Head with the antennae much as in fascipennis and longer than in umbrina;
segment 3 and club proportionally similar to those of former species; proboscis
unfortunately broken off in the specimen, but apparently longer than in
umbrina.

Wings rather markedly broad, bifasciately infuscated as in the other two
species, but infused parts much fainter; alula much larger, more so than even
in umbrina.

Legs as in umbrina, with distinct spicules, apart from hairs, on front and
middle tibiae (especially latter) below, and these more strongly developed,
and also present only on apical third of hind ones; hind femora as thickened as
in fascipennis, but armed below with apparently more numerous dark reddish
spines.

344 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Length of body: about 17 mm
Length of wing: about 12-5 mm
Distribution: South-western Cape: Tulbagh (J. Theron, November 1947).

Cephalocera flavilineata n.sp.

Another single 2 specimen in the collections before me also seems to
belong to the euryptera section. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark piceous brownish, the frons in front and disc of thorax
more blackish; antennae yellowish brownish; following parts ochreous yellowish
or yellowish: clypeus, humeral tubercles, broadish sides of thorax above, an
anterior infusion on inner sides of humeral tubercles (continued posteriorly
as a narrow submedial discal line, broadening at base of thorax and confluent
with its neighbour to form a large basal infusion), almost entire metanotum
(excepting a black spot on each side submedially and a faint dark central line),
area below wing-bases, posterior part of pteropleuron, metapleural tubercle,
metapleural part below halteres, to a certain extent sides of metasternum, sides
anteriorly of tergite 1, sides and hind margin of tergite 1, sides of 2, narrower
ill-defined sides of 3~7 (excepting extreme more blackish sides), venter (except-
ing extreme darkish sides of sternites 4—7), genital segment obscurely, and hind
coxae and legs (excepting the more brownish infusion on apical halves above
and to a lesser extent on sides in apical halves of hind femora); hind margins
of tergites 2-4 and sides of 5 paler, yellowish whitish; bullae small, reddish
brownish; bases of hind tibiae and to a certain extent also bases of hind femora
also very pale yellowish whitish.

Integument of frons, dorsum of clypeus, front two-thirds of pleurae, scutellum
and abdomen above, especially from tergite 2, shining; disc of thorax finely
vermicellately rugulose; metanotum also rugulose, more distinctly so on sides,
finely silvery pubescent; tergite 1 and quite basal two-thirds of 2 with fine
setiferous punctures; rest of tergites almost smooth, but last two segments
transversely wrinkled and punctured, the last one more so.

Vestiture not very long or dense, the hairs on head snow whitish; hairs on
palps yellowish; very fine and short ones in streaks on thorax above tinted
yellowish, more whitish on sides; longish ones on propleural part and shortish
dense ones, as well as the tomentum, on hind part of pleurae and on sides
basally of tergite 1 also whitish; shortish hairs on tergites 1 and 2 and on hind
coxae also whitish; very fine and very sparse ones on rest of tergites more
yellowish, and longer and denser ones on last two segments and the genitalia
sericeous yellowish; hairs on venter sparse, short, yellowish, more whitish and
slightly denser on sternite 2; hairs on legs shortish, not very dense, but with
sparse, longish, bristly ones on front and middle ones as well, with all these
hairs tinted sericeous yellowish, appearing more yellowish or golden on hind
femora; spines on legs reddish and spicules yellowish reddish.

Head with the antennae only a little shorter than thorax (excluding scutel-
lum); segment 1 about 2-3 times length of 2; segment 3 elongate, longer than

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 345

club, its apical part thickened; club elongate-pyriform, its apical part conical
or attenuated to tubercular prominence; proboscis about 4-2 mm long, longer
than antennae, and also longer than thorax (excluding scutellum).

Wings rather broadish, tinted very faintly pale yellowish brownish, more
so anteriorly to lower vein of first basal cell, at base of first posterior cell, along
lower half of second basal cell, and to a certain extent third posterior cell, but
a streak through discoidal cell, greater apical part of second submarginal cell
to apex, the anal cell and to a great extent axillary lobe being clearer or more
hyaline; veins yellowish; halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below from near base; middle tibiae below with some spicules in apical half;
hind tibiae slightly S-curved, with a few short spicules apically below; basal
segment of hind tarsi slightly longer than claw-segment.

Oviscape with 7 or 8 yellowish reddish spines on a side.

Holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 13-5 mm
Length of wing: about 11 mm

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns, 1st October
IQIQ).

This 2 differs from @ of euryptera in having slightly narrower wings, with
paler veins, and slightly less dark anterior infuscated part, and basally slightly
more dilated second submarginal cell; slightly broader yellowish sides of thorax
above and more defined submedial yellowish streaks; smaller and more reddish
brownish bullae; less punctured tergite 3; smoother and distinctly less punctured
tergites 4-6, which are also less sparsely haired; less dense short hairs on tergites
1 and 2, and much fewer hairs on 3; shorter legs, with distinctly less dense and
shorter hairs; and more yellowish whitish bases of hind tibiae and femora.

Cephalocera brachyptera n.sp.

This rather short-winged, montane, asilid-like species is characterized as
follows:

Body mainly black; antennal clubs orange or yellowish brownish to a
variable extent; clypeus and humeral tubercles yellowish, the former however
sometimes darkened on sides to a variable extent; an infusion anteriorly on
thorax above on inner sides of humeral tubercles, and postalar calli in 9
reddish; metanotum entirely reddish in 9, in § darkened or blackened on sides
and along middle to a variable extent; metapleural area around halteres
yellowish or yellowish reddish, more so in 9; sides of tergites 1-3 and to a feebler
extent extreme sides of 4 and 5 in Q yellowish; sides of tergite 1 and a variable
spot below bullae in J also yellowish; extreme sides of tergites 1-5 and hind
margins of 1-5 (or 6), and sometimes even faintly of 7, ivory yellowish in 3,
the hind margins of 1-4 in 9, and to a fainter extent, more broadly yellowish
whitish than in 3; bullae yellowish brownish to orange, rather large in both
sexes, the space between them above in ¢ broader than vertical length of

346 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

bullae; venter yellowish brownish basally in 3, more extensively or even entirely
so in Q, and ventral part of hypopygium in ¢ also yellowish; front and middle
legs pale yellowish brownish, darker and more brownish above, the hind ones
in g darker, brownish to dark brownish, their femora with the bases, especially
on inner sides, and bases and lower sides of hind tibiae paler, more yellowish;
hind femora and tibiae in 9 with more yellowish, especially on inner basal half
and even on under surfaces.

Integument of head in front, scutellum, abdomen and greater part of pleurae
shining; thorax above discally dull, vermicellately rugulose, the sides anteriorly
more shining; metanotum dull, rugulose; propleural tubercle and metapleural
and metasternal parts less shining and with greyish whitish tomentum; abdo-
men in ¢ shining, but covered with separated, aciculate, setiferous punctura-
tion, posteriorly somewhat transversely wrinkled; abdomen in @ shining, but
with scattered punctures, those on tergites 3-6, especially 4 and 5, rather
coarsely so; legs in both sexes, especially hind femora, shining.

Vestiture fairly long and dense in both sexes, and only a little shorter in 9,
especially that at base of abdomen and on legs, the hairs on thorax above in
streaks, the two submedial discal ones being the broadest; hairs on thorax
above yellowish to fulvous, the rest on head, body and legs more whitish or
snow whitish, those at base of abdomen in 9 appearing more greyish or greyish
yellowish in certain lights.

Head with the fronto-facial part in ¢ distinctly narrower than in 9, the
vertex in ¢ being considerably narrower than length of front tarsi (minus
claws), whereas in 9 it is subequal to, or very nearly this length; antennae about
2:64-3:16 mm long; segment 3 a little more than 3 times combined length of
segments 1 and 2; club pyriform; proboscis long, about 4-4-4:92 mm from
theca.

Wings markedly short for species of this genus, rather more so in 4g,
tinted faintly greyish yellowish, the marginal and first basal cells, to a fainter
extent basal half and apical part of first submarginal cell, base of second sub-
marginal cell, and very faintly in second basal cell, however slightly darker,
more faintly yellowish brownish, especially in 9, the veins in anterior half of
wings also with very faint, scarcely perceptible, fuscous borders (the wings in
3 sometimes without any more darkly tinted parts, or with these parts scarcely
perceptible) ; veins reddish brownish; apex of third posterior cell very much
broader than apex of discoidal cell; first posterior cell also markedly broad;
knobs of halteres brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly much thickened, subspindle-shaped
in both sexes; hind tibia curved, with a few distinct spicules, or at least one,
in apical part below in 3, and with from 3-6 longer, more stoutish spicules in
at least apical third below in Q; basal segment of hind tarsi a little longer than
claw-segment.

Oviscape in 2 with about 8 or g spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the lower margin of broadened apical parts of pro-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 347

cesses (cf. text-fig. 22, right middle) of sternite 9 slightly, but distinctly, angu-
larly produced subapically as in longzrostris, but less sharply so; lobes (text-fig.
22, top right) of tergite 9 bluntly subangular to rounded apically.
From 3 g¢ and 4 99 in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 13-16 mm
Length of wing: about 7-10 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Citrusdal district (Museum Expedition,
November 1948).

Cephalocera riparia n.sp.

This is another montane species which resembles the preceding species
brachyptera very closely, but differs in the following respects:

Body also mainly dark; antennae, excluding orange yellowish clubs, paler,
more yellowish brownish, especially segment 3; hind margins of posterior
tergites 5-7 in g more evidently whitish, even though those on 6 and 7 are a bit
obscure discally, and with hind margins of only 1-3 in @ distinctly or con-
spicuously yellowish; black spots on sides of hind margins of tergites in ¢ larger,
especially on 2—5; metanotum on the whole darker, the reddish infusion on sides
in both sexes much smaller, less estensive; greater part (¢) or entire (2) front
and middle femora, and their entire tibiae paler or more yellowish.

Integument as in brachyptera, but abdomen above in 2 much smoother, more
shining, not coarsely punctured, that of § with hind margins of tergites 3-7
covered with distinctly much narrower bands of silvery-gleaming tomentum.

Vestiture in 3 distinctly denser, and even slightly longer on head, base of
abdomen and legs, also conspicuously snow whitish, but those on thorax above
slightly paler than in brachyptera, more greyish yellowish than fulvous yellowish;
hairs in © distinctly much less developed than in 9 brachyptera, those on head,
thorax, pleurae and abdomen, and even on legs, markedly short, the thorax and
abdomen appearing bare, with only minute hairs; the much shorter ones on
legs in 2 also distinctly more yellowish than whitish.

Head with the vertex, frons and face equally broad in both sexes; antennae
comparatively shorter, less than 3 mm long, especially in 9; segment 3 pro-
portionally shorter; proboscis also slightly shorter, only about 3-8-4-36 mm.

Wings in ¢ distinctly longer, broader, more vitreous hyaline or faintly
milky whitish, the lower vein of first submarginal cell distinctly thicker, more
prominent, and both it and basal parts of fork at its end, and sometimes also
lower vein of marginal cell, with slight fuscous borders, both the marginal and
first basal cell sometimes appearing infuscated; wings in 9 more like those of
brachyptera, similarly tinted, but lower vein of first submarginal cell distinctly
thicker, like that of 3.

Legs with the hind femora more distinctly clavately thickened, their double
row of spines below also reddish brownish and on rather prominent tubercles,
and in 3, as in J of umbrina, with some bristly spines on outer apical part as well
(not present in brachyptera) ; hind tibiae in 2 with shorter spicules apically below.

348 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Oviscape in 2 with fewer, only about 6, spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 3 with the preceding tergite and sternite 8 longer; processes
(text-fig. 22, right below) of sternite 9 narrower, somewhat coarsely punctured
along lower side and, though broadened apically, not subangularly or angularly
prominent apically below as in brachyptera.

From 2 gd and 2 9° (3 holotype, 2 allotype and 2 paratype in the South
African Museum, and 1 ¢ paratype in the National Museum of Rhodesia).

Length of body: about 13-5-17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 9-12 mm ,

Distribution: South-western Cape: upper sources of the Olifants River in
Ceres division ((Museum Expedition, December 1949) types and 2 paratype) ;
Vogel Vlei (Voélvlei) Mountain near Hermon, between Bains Kloof and
Tulbagh Kloof) (November 1948 (1 ¢ paratype).

Cephalocera trichogyna n.sp.

A single 2 specimen from southern Namaqualand, in the Transvaal
Museum, belongs to a species of which the @ is rather hairy, much like the 9 of
brachyptera, and in this respect differing from most of the known South African
species of Cephalocera. The greyish yellowish-tinted wings also help to dis-
tinguish it from other species.

From the 9 of brachyptera it may at once be distinguished by the longer and
less infuscated wings, shorter antennae, smaller and darker bullae, less deeply
punctured abdomen, absence of stoutish spicules on hind tibiae below, etc. It
has the following characters:

Body mainly dark or black above; antennae dark reddish brownish, the
clubs more orange; sides of vertex and clypeus deep dark reddish brownish or
dark wine reddish; humeral tubercles yellowish; anterior declivous part of
thorax, especially on inner sides of tubercles, sides of thorax (very obscurely),
postalar calli, and narrowly across base, dark reddish; metanotum also dark
reddish, but darkened centrally; pleurae dark castaneous brownish, paler on
pteropleuron, and more yellowish above hind coxae; sides of abdomen yellowish,
especially on posterior part of tergite 1, base of 2, and sides of 2-4 (or 5), more
obscurely yellowish brownish posteriorly; hind margin of tergite 1 yellowish,
and those of 2—5 conspicuously yellowish, those of 6 and 7 more narrowly
and obscurely yellowish brownish; bullae small, shining dark blackish brown;
venter mainly yellowish brownish, the hind margins of sternites yellowish
whitish, especially on extreme sides; legs mainly yellowish, but coxae brownish,
the femora more yellowish brownish, and all the femora appearing darker
above, darker brownish, especially hind ones.

Integument of vertex on sides, central part of frons and clypeus above shining,
the rest dulled to a variable extent by greyish whitish bloom; integument of
thorax above dull, centrally with fine leathery micro-sculpture, with setiferous
granules under the two submedial hair-streaks and with irregular areolate-
rugulose sculpture, and the broadish bare streaks on each side more finely

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 349

areolate-rugulose, and sides with fine setiferous granules or granular aciculate
puncturation and greyish bloom; metanotum more coarsely areolately rugulose,
more convergently striate on sides, and with fine greyish pubescence; pleurae
shining in anterior part, with greyish bloom on propleural and hinder meta-
pleural parts; abdomen mainly shining, with setiferous puncturation discally
across tergites I and 2, more transversly on hinder half of 1 and more sparsely
and larger on hinder part of 2, with sparser, slightly coarser, setiferous punctures
on 3, sparser ones on 4-6, and rather dense transverse rugae on 7, and more
widely separated shallower ones on 8; venter mainly shining and transversely
striate, more so across sternites 6 and 7, widely separated on 8; legs, especially
hind femora, also mainly shining.

Vestiture rather long and dense for a 9, dense and longish on head, thorax
above, tergites 1 and 2, coxae, and front and middle femora; those on head
snow whitish, those in four broadish streaks and a central narrow one on disc of
thorax more fulvous yellowish or reddish, but more whitish on extreme sides;
those on rest of body, including abdomen posteriorly, mainly snow whitish;
hairs on front and middle coxae whitish, but those on hind ones tinted slightly
more greyish yellowish; hairs on legs mainly whitish, especially the longer ones,
but the shorter ones on hinder or outer faces of front and middle femora, and
less dense ones on outer sides of hind ones, appearing slightly more yellowish in
certain lights, the fine ones on tibiae and also longish, bristly ones on front
and middle tibiae also appearing more yellowish tinted; spines on hind femora
blackish brown and spicules on tibiae and tarsi yellowish.

Head with the antennae much shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ;
segment 1 slender, about twice length of 2; segment 3 a very little more than
3 times combined length of 1 and 2, a little more than its apical third thickened,
slightly longer than the club; the latter slightly elongate-pyriform; proboscis
about 4:88 mm long, much longer than thorax; palps small, but distinct.

Wings rather elongate, narrowish, tinted very slightly more or less uni-
formly greyish yellowish, being clearer in discoidal and anal cells and in middle
of second submarginal cell; veins pale yellowish reddish; second submarginal
cell more narrowed apically than the others, the appendix at base rather
shortish; third posterior cell more or less parallel-sided, being broad apically;
alula slightly reduced; halteres yellowish.

Legs with the hind femora distinctly thickened, their double row of spines
below reddish brownish, and from near base; hind tibiae carinate below to
about apical third, with a few sparse, longish hairs on inner aspect; basal seg-
ment of hind tarsi subequal in length to claw-segment..

Oviscape with 7 or 8 yellowish spines on a side, appearing dark-tipped
below in certain lights.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 12 mm .

Distribution: Southern Namaqualand: Van Rhynsdorp (Dr. Brauns,

August 1928).

350 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Cephalocera dysmachoides n.sp.

A species which in the g sex superficially resembles species of the asilid
genus Dysmachus, especially D. suillius F. and D. hirtipes Ric., and which is easily
recognized by the short, but distinct, tubercle-like prominence or slight process
at apex of hind tibiae below, the rather prominent, spiniferous tubercles on
hind femora below, the entirely black bullae, and the relatively narrow vertex.
None of the preceding species have this combination of characters. It may
however be confused with the next two species, brachycera and namaquensis, which
also show most of these characters, but the much longer antennae, and the
different shape of the processes of sternite 9 of the ¢ at once distinguish it from
those two species. It is slightly variable in the colour of the hairs on the thorax
and femora in the gg. The chief distinguishing characters are as follows:

Body mainly very dark or black; antennae reddish brownish to blackish
brown, the clubs more orange yellowish subapically; vertex on sides very dark
reddish to blackish; clypeus dark castaneous brownish to dark piceous reddish,
or in 3 sometimes even black; humeral tubercles yellowish; an infusion around
tubercles and sides above in Q, postalar calli in both sexes, and narrow base of
thorax in © dark reddish; metanotum dark reddish, darker in J, its sides in ¢
almost black; pleurae in 9 more dark castaneous brownish; abdomen in 9
mainly very dark castaneous or piceous brownish rather than black, especially
posteriorly, the extreme sides slightly paler, in g mainly black, the extreme
sides sometimes more piceous brownish; hinder part of metapleurae, extreme
sides basally of tergite 1, the sides apically of tergites 1-4-in 2 to a variable
extent yellowish; hind margin of tergite 1 reddish brownish, those of 2-7 in
¢ whitish, but usually present only discally on 6 and 7 and sides of 2—5 or 6,
with a blackish brown spot interrupting the whitish hind margins; hind margins
of tergites 2-4 in 9 yellowish; bullae shining black in both sexes, smaller in 9;
venter in g mainly very dark castaneous brownish, paler, more yellowish
brownish posteriorly on last sternite and ventral part of genitalia; venter in 9
more brownish or castaneous brownish, as in 3 without distinct yellowish hind
margins, only the very extreme sides of those of sternites 1-4 slightly yellowish
whitish; legs brownish or slightly yellowish brownish, the upper faces of femora
darkened, the hind coxae and hind femora above and on sides in § more
extensively darkened, more blackish brown, the knees and extreme apices of
tibiae of front and middle legs pale yellowish in both sexes; femoral spines and
in 9 also genital ones very dark blackish brownish, almost black.

Integument of central part of frons and clypeus shining, the rest of head in
front dulled by dense greyish or greyish whitish tomentum like head behind
eyes; integument of thorax above dull, very finely vermicellately rugulose along
three broadish discal streaks; scutellum mainly shining; metanotum dull and
regulosely sculptured; pleurae mainly shining, with greyish tomentum on pro-
pleurae and on posterior metapleural and metasternal parts ;abdomen in 3 mainly
shining and in 2 mainly so from tergite 3, 1 and 2 and base of 3 being duller; tergites
1 and 2in Jj with fairly dense, fine, setiferous punctures, the middle tergites with

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 351

sparser, fine punctures, and 6 and 7, especially the latter, with slightly coarser
ones, and sides of 2 and 3, as well as 7, with slight transverse striation; tergites
1 and 2 in 9 with very fine, not very dense, setiferous punctures, the middle
tergites almost bare, but 7 and 8 transversely wrinkled; venter shining and
transversely wrinkled, especially in 2; legs also markedly shining.

Vestiture with the hairs in g rather dense and long, dense and long also on
tergites 1 and 2 and sides of 3, and also on venter basally, conspicuously so on
femora, for most part snow whitish, but those in streaks on disc of thorax tinted
slightly greyish yellowish, pale yellowish to fulvous brownish, those on tergite 1
in § sometimes also yellowish or yellowish brownish; hairs on thorax in 5
streaks, the central one very narrow; hairs on abdomen in ¢ on tergites 4-7
rather longish, sparse, but shorter than those on tergites 1, 2 and sides of 3;
hairs on venter shorter posteriorly than basally; those on inner sides of basal
half of hind tibiae in ¢ relatively long, and the long and dense ones on hind
femora and on the other femora above sometimes yellowish; hairs in 9 very
much shorter and sparser, the longest ones on vertex and clypeus much shorter
and sparser than in 4g, the short, decumbent ones on thorax above also in 5
streaks, and those on tergites 1 and 2, though denser than on middle tergites,
also short, not longer than those on disc of thorax, with all the hairs on body
whitish, but those on disc of thorax sometimes tinted slightly yellowish; reversed
hairs on last two abdominal segments also whitish; hairs on venter in 9 very
short and sparse; hairs on legs very short and sparse, some sparse longish ones
only on anterior faces of front and middle femora, and on their tibiae, but
without any longish ones on hind tibiae, and with all the hairs also whitish
as in some gd.

Head with the vertex and frons rather narrow; antennae only a very little
shorter than thorax (excluding scutellum) ; segment 1 about 2-2-4 times length
of 2, only very slightly thickened in J, slightly broadened apically, segment 3
very slightly longer than club, slender, more than its apical third thickened
segment-like; clubs elongate-pyriform, their base constricted and the apical part
conically narrowed to the rather prominent, crater-like tubercle; proboscis
about 3°68-4-2 mm long; palps small.

Wings rather shortish, especially in g, with the anterior part or half
infuscated brownish or smoky brownish, ‘slightly more extensively so in 9,
the second basal cell in 9 being as dark as anterior part, whereas in ¢ it is very
much clearer, and fuscous borders along lower vein of discoidal cell and apical
vein of anal cell not or scarcely discernible in J, with the middle apical part,
or sometimes entire apical part (even in 3), of first submarginal cell at base of
second submarginal clearer to a variable extent in both sexes, and also with a
clear streak through discoidal cell, not or scarcely evident in 3, and in both
sexes with a slight milky whitish tint; veins yellowish brownish to brown; first
posterior cell much narrowed apically in both sexes; halteres rather shortish,
mainly yellowish, the knobs slightly brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora markedly thickened, incrassate, more so in 4,

352 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

almost spindle-shaped in 4, slightly more clavate in 9, curved slightly outwards
near base, more so in 3, their double row of spines below situated on rather
prominent tubercles, very dark, and from near base; hind tibiae curved,
carinate below to near apex, armed apically below with a distinct, though short,
tubercular process or prominence, not evident in preceding species, the hind
tibiae in both sexes without any spicules, apart from apical spurs; basal seg-
ment of hind tarsi in g distinctly shorter than claw-segment, but in 9 however
longer, and hind tarsi in 2 as a whole longer than in ¢.

Genital segments in 2 with the last vertical tergite rugulosely sculptured on
each side of central carina; oviscape with 8—9 blackish spines on a side.

Hypopygium of 5 with the lobes of tergite 9 (text-fig. 23, left) bluntly rounded
apically; sternite 9 scoop-like, slightly raised ridge-like centrally, and apically
narrowly incised, with the apical margins pallid, its processes (text-fig. 23,
bottom left) only slightly broadened apically, mainly dark and shining, but
their apices yellowish brownish.

From 2 gg and 2 9° (¢g holotype, 9 allotype and 2 paratype in the Trans-
vaal Museum, and 1 g paratype in the South African Museum).

Length of body: about 12-5-14 mm
Length of wing: about 7-6—10°5 mm

Distribution: Western Cape: Clanwilliam in the Olifants River valley
(Dr. Brauns, September 1928) (types and 1 2 paratype); 4 miles south of Clan-
william (South African Museum, September 1961) (1 3 paratype).

Top: Side view of right lobe of tergite 9 of g Cephalocera dysmachoides n.sp., § Cephalocera brachycera
Bezz., and 3 Cephalocera namaquensis n.sp. respectively.

Bottom: Dorso-posterior view of right process of sternite 9 of gg of the same three species
respectively.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 353

Cephalocera brachycera Bezz.
Cephalocera brachycera Bezzi, 19245: 231.

This characteristic species, with markedly short antennae, pyriform anten-
nal clubs, markedly incrassate hind femora and apical process on hind tibiae
below, cannot be confused with other species of Cephalocera. It is unfortunately
represented in the collections by the ¢ only which may be recognized by the
following characters:

Body mainly black; antennae yellowish brownish to brown, the clubs
orange yellowish; clypeus dark, sometimes yellowish reddish on sides; humeral
tubercles, sides of tergites 1-3 to a variable extent, narrower sides of rest of
tergites, sometimes the venter to a variable extent and hypopygium yellowish
brownish; hind margins of tergites 2—7 ivory yellowish or ivory whitish, but all
appearing whitish due to silvery whitish tomentum, those of 2—5 sometimes
slightly broader; bullae dark reddish brownish to dark blackish brownish,
elongate-oval, the space between them broader than vertical length of a bulla;
legs brownish to reddish brownish, the femora above sometimes almost black,
paler reddish or reddish yellowish below, the knees of front and middle legs
more yellowish, and base of hind tibiae also paler or more yellowish.

Integument of head, pleurae and abdomen shining; that of legs also shining;
thorax rather humped in appearance, dull, not distinctly sculptured, but with
the hairs in aciculate punctures; metanotum dull, due to fine microsculpture,
not coarsely sculptured or striate, but sometimes with slight shallow grooves.

Vestiture fairly dense and longish in 3, mainly snow whitish, but the rather
dense ones on thorax above, in broad streaks, dark brownish, only the fringe
on the extreme sides white, and two submedial discal streaks anteriorly or in
anterior half composed of greyish tomentum; a transverse, discal streak of
greyish tomentum also evident on tergite 1; tergite 2 with fine yellowish fulvous
hairs discally, and sparse, short ones discally on rest also more fulvous brownish;
hairs on hind femora sometimes with some intermixed, long, yellowish ones,
and with short, yellowish, decumbent ones above; those near apices of front
and middle tibiae with some more yellowish or more brownish ones.

Head with the antennae markedly short, only about 1-88—2 mm long;
segment 3 a little shorter than, or subequal in length to, club; latter much
inflated, subglobularly pyriform; proboscis about 3:8—4:5 mm long.

Wings hyaline, with reddish brownish to dark brownish veins; discoidal cell
apically very much narrower than apex of third posterior cell; alula much
reduced; axillary lobe long, narrow; knobs of halteres darkened above in type
specimen, but with more white above in the other specimen.

Legs with the hind femora markedly incrassate, armed below with strong
spines on conspicuous tubercles; hind tibiae slightly curved, ending apically
below in a blunt process as in ianaoherte and the genus Ectyphus; basal sceurcut
of hind tarsi scarcely or not longer than second.

Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 shortish (cf. text-fig. 23, middle top) ;
sternite g scoop-like, broadly sulcate in apical half below, its inwardly curved

354 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

processes (text-fig. 23, middle bottom) ending apically in an inwardly and
downwardly directed bluntish lobe and laterally below some distance from the
apex in an angular projection or tooth, and the basal part of the processes some-
what dorso-ventrally depressed.
From the ¢ holotype and another ¢ specimen in the South African
Museum.
Length of body: about 13-5-15 mm
Length of wing: about 11-11-5 mm
Distribution: Namaqualand: Okiep (Lightfeot, September 1890) (type);
Swartdoring River between Bitterfontein and Garies (South African Museum
Expedition, gnd—3rd October 1966).
The specimen from Swartdoring River appears to be a slight variety or
form, with some yellowish reddish on sides of clypeus, less extensive yellowish
on sides of abdomen, darker venter and darker femora.

Cephalocera namaquensts n.sp.

Another species belonging to the dysmachoides and brachycera section and
almost inseparable from the latter species. It is unfortunately represented
in the collections by a single 3 specimen only, which however may be dis-
tinguished from brachycera in the following respects:

Body similarly coloured, but clypeus slightly more yellowish on sides, the
metanotum with yellowish infusions on sides, the venter on the whole darker,
the front and middle femora more extensively yellowish below, and their tibiae
paler yellowish; bullae shining black, distinctly much larger than in brachycera,
bean-shaped, much closer together, the space much less than vertical length of
bullae; hind margins of tergites 2-7 more narrowly yellowish whitish, more so
across extreme hind margins, but with slightly broader, more extensive and
conspicuous silvery tomentum across them than in brachycera, and which is
slightly angularly produced towards base from tergites 3-7.

Integument with the same parts shining; that of thorax above slightly duller,
with slightly more distinct microsculpture.

Vestiture as long and as dense, also mainly snow whitish; that on thorax
above slightly less dense, much paler, only faintly greyish yellowish or pale
fulvous brownish in part, not so dark brownish, and that across base and on
postalar calli snow whitish; fine hairs on dorsum of abdomen entirely whitish;
hairs on apical parts of tibiae entirely whitish like rest of hair; tomentum on
disc of tergite 2 also silvery whitish, not yellowish or fulvous, and tergite 1
without a transverse streak of greyish tomentum.

Head with the antennae as long as in brachycera, and with more or less the
same relations between the segments; proboscis about 3-48 mm long.

Wings shorter, more pointed apically, also hyaline, but costal cell very
slightly, but distinctly, tinted more yellowish; discoidal cell distinctly more
narrowed and acutely pointed apically; the wings less reduced.

Legs comparatively shorter; incrassate hind femora comparatively shorter,

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 355

more subspindle-shaped; hind tibiae markedly shorter, ending at a compara-
tively longer distance (nearly a third length of femora) from base of latter.
Hypopygium with the lobes of tergite 9 (cf. text-fig. 23, right top) even
shorter, narrower, more rounded than in brachycera; apical part of processes
(text-fig. 23, right bottom) of sternite g slightly broader, more truncated, more
bent downwards, and the extension of hind (lower) margin some distance away
from the apex, tending to be rounded, not so sharply angular as in brachycera.
Holotype in the South African Museum.
Length of body: about 12 mm
Length of wing: about 8 mm
Distribution: Southern Namaqualand: Nuwerus in the Knersvlakte
(Museum staff, September 1941).

Cephalocera catalus Gerst.

Cephalocera catalus Gerstaecker, 1868: 79, pl. 1, fig. 2. Bezzi, 19245: 229, 230.

This rather smallish species which Gerstaecker described from a single ¢
specimen collected by Drége is not present in any of the collections before me
and was also unknown to Bezzi. From Gerstaecker’s description, and especially
that of the process of its ninth sternite, it is quite evident that it belongs to this
brachycera and namaquensis subsection. His figure of the entire insect is however
very misleading and does not appear to show all the characters given in his
description. Moreover in his description certain important characters, other
than the shape of the process of sternite 9, such as the slightly produced apex
of hind tibiae below and the narrowish interocular space which characterize
this subsection are not mentioned or shown in the figure. To facilitate its recog-
nition, as based on the description, I have accommodated it in two different
sections of the introductory key to the species of this genus. According to the
description there is however little doubt that it belongs to the brachycera sub-
section and that it is nearest to my namaquensis. In fact it is quite possible that the
latter merely represents a form or variety of it. It however appears to differ from
namaquensis in the following respects:

Head with antennal segment 3 according to Gerstaecker distinctly longer,
more than 3 times combined length of 1 and 2 (in namaquensis it is only a little
more than twice this length); interocular space on vertex, according to the
figure, appears to be distinctly broader; proboscis relatively shorter, about twice
vertical length of eyes (in namaquensis distinctly more than twice this length).

Wings with the veins darker, more brownish, not yellowish as in namaquensis.

Abdomen with hind margins of tergites 2~7 more yellowish reddish, not
mainly whitish; bands of whitish or silvery tomentum across tergites 3-7 evi-
dently broader, more broadly triangularly produced towards base than in
namaquensis.

Legs pale yellowish brownish and hind femora darkened above (in nama-
quensis with the front and middle legs paler, more yellowish and hind femora
and tibiae uniformly castaneous brownish); hind femora, according to figure,

356 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

less spindle-shaped incrassate; hind tibiae not so markedly shortish and, accord-
ing to the figure, not distinctly produced apically.

Vestiture with the hairs on thorax above reddish brownish, more golden
yellowish on sides (those on disc in namaquensis whitish and pale fulvous
brownish, those on sides dense and contrastingly snow whitish); hairs at base
of abdomen greyish yellowish, not snow whitish.

CEPHALOCERODES n.gen.

This new genus is erected to accommodate three peculiar, rather smallish
species of Mydaidae which, though showing relationship to the variable genus
Cephalocera in the character of the posterior vein of the third posterior cell in the
wings and in the shape of the two phallic tubes of the aedeagus in the gd,
cannot be placed in the latter. Unfortunately only 33 are represented in the
collections before me. It differs from Cephalocera in the following respects:

Body smallish, asilid-like.

Head (cf. text-fig. 24, right) broad, much broader than thorax; interocular
space on vertex markedly broad and that on head below markedly narrowish;
vertex with a rather prominent tubercular prominence on each side and head
below with a similar prominence on each side; frons in front markedly trans-
versely prominent, convex, divided into a prominent boss-like tubercle on each
side; antennae markedly short, about as long as, or shorter than, not longer
than, head, and shorter or much shorter than interocular space on vertex (in
Cephalocera distinctly very much longer than interocular space), with segment 3
proportionally very short, shorter than, or only a little longer than to scarcely
longer than, segments 1 and 2 combined, with the club dilated, ovate, or ovate-
pyriform, longer than segment 3 to even as long as segments 1-3 combined;
proboscis, though sometimes slender as in Cephalocera, either very much shorter,
confined to length of buccal cavity, or projecting only slightly, or it is much
reduced, vestigial, or entirely wanting; postvertical spines not observable.

Thorax smallish, quadrangular, shorter than width of head, its integument
above smoother than in species of Cephalocera, dull and with finer microsculpture,
not so relatively coarsely sculptured; metanotum distinctly much less coarsely
sculptured, dull and smoother.

Abdomen with tergite 1 usually slightly depressed discally, its integument
either dulled by tomentum or shining.

Wings rather short, and though with the posterior vein of third posterior
cell also originating from anterior vein of anal cell in its apical part and posterior
to apical cross-vein of second basal cell as in Cephalocera, without a distinct and
consistent appendix projecting into first submarginal cell from base of second
submarginal; base of latter cell less truncate, distinctly more obtusangular,
appearing stalked; discoidal cell sometimes either narrowed and angularly
acute apically, or closed, ending a little short of basal part of posterior vein of
first posterior cell, or it is broadly open apically on latter cross-veins as in
Cephalocera, appearing shortly stalked; alula present as a small lobe or it is much

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 357

reduced; other venational characters as in Cephalocera.

Legs with the hind femora, in the known (J, either only slightly thickened
or distinctly thickened or incrassate, armed below with two rows of much more
slender, or even bristle-like, spines which begin beyond middle, confined to
apical half or apical fourth; hind tibiae not carinate in basal part or half below,
either without distinct spicules (apart from apical spurs), or with some slender
ones in apical part below; tarsal claws either rapidly bent down apically or
more gradually curved or sickle-shaped; pulvilli falling short of apices of claws,
or distinctly shortened.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, thorax, base of abdomen and legs, in ¢3
at least, conspicuously developed, markedly dense, long and shaggy, villose,
very long and dense and conspicuously brush-like on head in front (cf. Bequaert
1963: 58, text-fig. 14A and in this revision text-fig. 24, right), reminiscent of the
dense facial brush of the bombyliid-genus Corsomyza; metanotum either as in
Cephalocera without any long hairs, or with long hairs on extreme sides; meso-
pleuron and pteropleuron, as in latter genus, without any hairs; hairs on femora
especially hind ones, markedly long and dense, sometimes bottle-brush-like
(cf. text-fig. 24, left); those on all the tibiae long and dense.

Hypopygium of $3 similar to that of Cephalocera, but with the processes of
the scoop-like sternite 9 relatively longer or more slender, only curved finger-
like inwardly, not broad or broadened apically and not curving so much
inwards and downwards to nearly touch along midline as in Cephalocera;
aedeagal apparatus with the two phallic tubes also long and stethoscope-like.

The three known species of this new genus are oldroydi (Beq.) (Bequaert
1963: 56) the type-species of the genus, eremobius n.sp. and bequaerti n.sp. These
three species show a remarkable graded retrogressive evolution in certain struc-
tures, probably due to a graded adaptive specialization in a certain direction or
directions. They may be considered as representatives of the original genus
Cephalocera which have deviated from the more typical mean in a functional,
morphological and geographical direction in adaptive response to certain
environmental factors. The species bequaerti from the Koup Karoo, nearest to
what might be considered as the original home (western Cape) of the genus
Cephalocera, shows transitional characters, such as the presence of a slender,
but much shortened, proboscis, an entirely bare metanotum, still distinctly
thickened or incrassate hind femora, and still slightly thickened and shortened
processes of sternite 9g.

In the second species eremobius, from Aminuis in South West Africa, the
proboscis has been reduced to a small knob, the sides of the metanotum have
hairs, the hind femora are only slightly thickened, and the processes of sternite 9
are more slender and slightly longer.

In the type-species oldroydi, from Bulawayo in Rhodesia, these characters
are still the same as those of eremobius, but the proboscis has entirely disappeared.

The seasonal appearance of all three known species is during the winter
months of June and July.

358

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

The three species may be separated as follows:

is @)

(d)

2. (a)

Proboscis very rudimentary, vestigial or wanting; antennal segment 1 not markedly
thickened and club ending in a shorter process; hind femora only a little or sometimes
scarcely thickened, with relatively fewer, more slender, bristle-like spines below and
with relatively less dense, sparser hairs; hind tibiae with some longish, bristle-like
spicules apically below; claws more gradually curved, sickle-shaped, and pulvilli
more reduced; abdomen above mainly dull, with dark or brownish tomentum, with a
tuft of longish hairs also basally on sides of tergite 3, and fine hairs on rest of abdomen
paler, pale brownish or pale yellowish; metanotum with a tuft of longish hairs on
sides; wings hyaline, the veins paler, without fuscous borders, the discoidal cell sometimes
more acute or angular apically, sometimes even shortly stalked on basal part of lower
vein of first posterior cell, and alula small, but distinct; dense hairs on face dark or
darker and those at base of abdomen not all pale; processes of sternite g relatively
longer, more slender .. ae se ee Be Fs Ne Br Be 2

Proboscis shortish, but distinctly developed, nearly or subequal in length to antennae;
antennal segment 1 markedly thickened, and club ending in a longer teat-like process;
hind femora much thickened, incrassate, subspindle-shaped, with relatively more
numerous and stouter spines on more perceptible tubercles below, and with very much
denser, more villose hairs; hind tibiae with only long hairs and with only shortish,
or without any, spicules in apical part below; claws only apically more rapidly curved
down, and pulvilli longer, extending to slightly beyond middle of claws; abdomen
above mainly shining, without or with very little, dull tomentum, without any long hairs
basally on sides of tergite 3, and with the fine hairs on rest of abdomen entirely very
dark or black; metanotum without any hairs; wings tinted slightly smoky brownish up
to base of second submarginal cell, more evident along the darker veins, the discoidal
cell more normally truncate, or widely open apically, and alula much reduced; dense
hairs on face and sides of base of abdomen contrastingly whitish; processes of sternite 9
relatively stouter and shorter ne si ae a. 3 bequaerti n.sp.

Segment 3 of antennae proportionally longer, about 1} times length of combined basal
segments and more than half that of club, the latter more ovoid; proboscis entirely
wanting; fronto-facial width, relative to eye-width, comparatively broader, about or
quite 4 times that of eye; vertex, relative to interocular space on head below, broader,
quite 3 times the latter; thorax discally above more finely granular; apex of discoidal
cell in wings opening normally on basal part of posterior vein of first posterior cell;
alula slightly less lobe-like; vestiture on head and body more brownish, that on thorax
above more pale yellowish, that on legs slightly less dense, paler, or more brownish,
and decumbent hairs on abdomen above more brownish; lateral lobes of tergite 9g more
rounded apically; sternite 9 relatively shorter, much shorter than 8, its apical margin
more broadly emarginate, its processes with a distinct short, inwardly-directed, conical
process or lobe at base ee ne cs ig .. 6 oldroydi (Beq.) (ex descr.)

Segment 3 of antennae proportionally shorter, a little less than 14 times 1 and 2 together
and nearly or quite half length of club, the latter more pyriform; proboscis still present
as a knob or short lobe; fronto-facial width, relative to eye-width, comparatively
narrower, only about or a little more than 3 times eye-width; vertex, relative to inter-
ocular space on head below, narrower, only about 2-2—2°5 times the latter; thorax above
more microscopically rugulose than granular; apex of discoidal cell angularly acute
apically and very shortly stalked on basal part of posterior vein of first posterior cell;
alula distinctly more developed, more lobe-like; vestiture on head and body on the
whole darker, more blackish than brownish, that on thorax above more whitish, that on
legs slightly denser, darker, blackish brown to blackish, and decumbent hairs on rest of
abdomen above paler, even more whitish than brownish, or only brownish posteriorly;
lateral lobes of tergite 9 more pointed at lower apical part; sternite 9 only a little shorter,
or even longer, than 8, its posterior margin more deeply and angularly indented, and its
processes without any inwardly-directed process or lobe at base .. do eremobius n.sp.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 359

Cephalocerodes oldroydi (Beq.) n.comb.
Cephalocera oldroydi Bequaert, 1963: 56, figs 13A, 14A and B and 15A and B.

This type-species of the new genus Cephalocerodes was described by Bequaert
in 1963 from a single § specimen from Rhodesia. It is not represented in any
of the collections to which I have had access, but may be easily recognized from
Bequaert’s detailed description and text-figures.

It appears to be chiefly characterized by its brownish head, pleurae, abdo-
men and legs; by the broadish interocular space on vertex, which is quite 3 times
the width of that on head below; the antennae in which segment 3 is quite 14
times the combined length of basal segments (cf. Bequaert, text-fig. 14B);
the entire absence of a proboscis; the granular disc of thorax; the reduced alula
in wings; the yellowish hind margins of tergites 1-6 which are more brownish
discally; the elongate-oval brownish bullae; the pale yellowish hairs on vertex
and brownish ones on rest of head; the pale yellowish hairs on thorax and
brownish whitish ones on sides of metanotum; the pale brownish hairs on
pleurae; an abdomen dulled by brownish tomentum, with tufts of longish hairs
on sides basally of tergites 1-3 of which those basally are whitish, and with the
fine, sparse, decumbent ones on rest of abdomen brownish; the brownish hairs
on venter; brownish hairs on legs; a rather broadly emarginate hind margin of
sternite g (cf. Bequaert, text-fig. 15B); and the distinct, short, inwardly-
directed, conical process or lobe at base of processes of sternite 9 (cf. Bequaert,
text-fig. 15B).

Length of body: about 10 mm
Distribution: Rhodesia: Bulawayo (Rhodesian Museum, 3 June 1924).

Cephalocerodes eremobius n.sp.

Another slightly variable species of this new genus from the north-western
part of South West Africa, appears to be very near oldroydi. It is also unfor-
tunately represented in the collections by $9 only. It is characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark; head mainly dark or blackish brown to black, but
sometimes mainly dark reddish brownish; thorax above very dark blackish
brownish to black, the humeral tubercles and postalar calli tending to be paler,
more dark reddish brownish to paler reddish brownish; metanotum dark
blackish brownish, sometimes reddish brownish; pleurae also dark blackish
brownish to blackish, though sometimes also paler and reddish brownish;
abdomen mainly blackish brownish or black above, sometimes more dark
reddish brownish, the sides of tergite 2 or sides basally of 2 and 3 more reddish
or reddish brownish; hind margins of tergites 2-5 or 2—7 pale yellowish reddish;
bullae small, oval, to elongate-oval, with a slight pit-like depression in lower
anterior part, very dark blackish brownish, very widely separated; venter
yellowish brownish, sometimes paler yellowish brownish, the hind margins of
sternites 1-3 (or 4) tending to be obscurely pallid, sometimes scarcely evident;
hypopygium, especially sternite 9 and its processes, yellowish to pale yellowish
brownish; legs dark brownish, brownish, to even pale yellowish brownish.

360 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Integument of head in front (except extreme sides of face), head below, sides
of thorax above, scutellum, pleurae, tergite 1 and sides of 2 and base laterally of
3, bullae and legs shining; thorax discally above more or less dulled by very
fine leathery microsculpture; metanotum dull, only antero-lateral depression
shining; abdomen with tergite 1 rather deeply depressed discally and both
basal lateral parts of 2 and 3 somewhat raised and transversely prominent, the
greater part of abdomen above dulled by dark or dark blackish brownish
tomentum.

Vestiture with the hairs on head, sides of tergite 1 and sides basally on
prominences of 2 and 3 and on legs long and dense, those on head mainly
very dark blackish brownish or black, only those on inner part of tubercles on
vertex whitish; those on thorax above mainly whitish, arranged in two sub-
medial streaks and along sides in notopleural part (these separated by 3 bare
discal streaks), with some dark or blackish hairs anteriorly in the hair-streaks;
hairs on sides of metanotum mainly pale or whitish; those on pleurae mainly
dark or brownish, but tuft on prominence in front of halteres with whitish ones
intermixed, sometimes entirely dark or blackish; tufts of longish hairs on sides
of tergites 1 and 2 whitish anteriorly and dark blackish brownish to black
posteriorly, and that at base of 3 laterally mainly pale or whitish, but sometimes
all the tufts mainly brownish or dark brownish and with much fewer pale hairs
or the latter are more greyish brownish; fine decumbent hairs on rest of abdo-
men above rather sparse, mainly pale or whitish, sometimes becoming more
yellowish or brownish posteriorly; sparse hairs on venter mainly dark or brown-
ish; hairs on hypopygium mainly dark brownish; those on legs, including coxae,
very dark, either very dark blackish brownish to almost black, though some-
times more dark brownish.

Head with the relationship between vertex, fronto-facial width (just in front
of antennae) and interocular space on head below as + 38:42:15 to 40:43:16;
antennae with segment 1 about twice length of 2, segment 3 rather shortish,
not quite 14 times combined length of basal segments, nearly or quite half
length of club, the latter elongate-pyriform; clypeus rather prominent, broadly
inflated boss-like and slightly bilobate; proboscis very short, vestigial, in form
of a very short two-segmented lobe (the apical segment, or labella, narrower
and slightly shorter): palps small, but distinct, with longish hairs apically.

Wings hyaline, without any tint or infuscation; veins yellowish; first pos-
terior cell rather broadly open apically on second vein, the two submarginal
cells thus tending to be narrowed apically; discoidal cell in three of the speci-
mens narrowed and acutely angular apically, falling short of basal part of
posterior vein of first posterior cell and connected with latter by means of a
short stalk (in a fourth specimen the discoidal cell in right wing is much nar-
rowed apically, but opens on first posterior cell) ; third posterior cell, as a result
of discoidal cell anomaly, very broadly opening apically on first posterior cell;
anal cell with a rather long apical stalk; alula distinct, lobe-like; halteres pallid
or yellowish, their knobs brownish above.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 361

Legs with the hind femora only very slightly thickened, with about 3-5
dark slender spines on outer aspect below in apical fourth or third and about
I—8 on inner aspect; hind tibiae straight or slightly sinuous and, apart from the
apical spurs, armed apically on outer side with 3 or 4 longish, bristle-like, dark
spicules and some shortish ones on inner aspect apically; tarsi relatively short,
the basal segment of hind ones longer than claw-segment; claws gradually
curved, more sickle-shaped; pulvilli shortened, reaching only about middle of
claws.

Aypopygium of 3 with sternite 9 scoop-like, distinctly longer than 8, its
posterior margin between the processes rather deeply and angularly indented,
its processes slender, finger-shaped, curving upwards and slightly inwards,
without any inwardly-directed basal process, and with rather sparse hairs below
like those on apical half laterally of the sternite itself.

From 4 3¢ in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 1o-11-5 mm
Length of wing: about 6-75-7-:3 mm

Distribution: South West Africa: Aminuis (Museum staff, July 1936).

There is no doubt that this species is very near oldroydi (Beq.), but compared
with Bequaert’s description of the latter it appears to differ in the following
respects:

Antennal segment 3 proportionally shorter, nearly or quite half length of
club (in oldroyd: it is longer than half); the club more elongate-pyriform;
proboscis, though very much reduced or vestigial, still present as a very short
two-segmented lobe or knob; vertex, relative to interocular space on head
below, narrower, only about 2:2-2-5, not quite 3, times the latter space; dis-
coidal cell in wings more angularly acute apically and stalked on basal part of
posterior vein of first posterior cell; alula more developed, more lobe-like; body
tending to be darker; vestiture on the whole darker, more blackish brownish,
that on thorax above more whitish, and decumbent hairs on abdomen paler,
usually more whitish or pallid on middle parts; lateral lobes of tergite 9 more
pointed at lower apical part; posterior margin of sternite 9 distinctly more
deeply and angularly indented; and processes of sternite 9 without any sign of an
inwardly-directed basal process as described and figured by Bequaert.

Cephalocerodes bequaerti n.sp.

This peculiar species from the Koup Karoo, as has already been stated, is
obviously a form transitional between the genus Cephalocera and the new genus
Cephalocerodes, agreeing with the former in certain characters, but agreeing
more with the latter in cephalic characters, the antennae, the vestiture, certain
wing-characters, and in hypopygial characters.

Represented in the collections by $¢ only, it may be recognized by the
following characters:

Body mainly very dark or black; antennae yellowish brownish; prominences
on vertex, and pleurae sometimes tending to be more blackish brownish or very

362 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

\ Ss

TES

S>:

WSS

\

Fic. 24

Left: Side view of left hind leg of $ Cephalocerodes bequaerti n.gen. et n.sp.
Right: Right side of head of 3 of the same species.

dark castaneous or dark piceous brownish; venter to a variable extent dark
toffee brownish, darker posteriorly; legs very dark castaneous or blackish
brownish to almost black, the tibiae sometimes paler, more yellowish brownish,
and tarsi even more yellowish; hind margins of tergites 2-6 (sometimes 2-5)
narrowly, but conspicuously, ivory yellowish or whitish; hind margins of
sternites I—5 at least slightly more broadly pallid or yellowish whitish, more so
on sides; bullae black and shining, much larger and longer transversely than in
preceding two species.

Integument of greater part of vertex, frons, clypeus, head below, scutellum,
pleurae, abdomen above and below and the legs shining; that of thorax above
dull leathery, with two very faint and obscure, submedial, discal streaks of
greyish tomentum perceptible in certain lights; integument of metanotum dull,
leathery, but with a fine greyish tomentum evident in certain lights; abdomen
above acicularly setiferously punctured, more so posteriorly; pleurae with faint
greyish tomentum perceptible in certain lights on mesopleuron anteriorly and
posteriorly and on hypopleural and metapleural parts.

Vestiture very dense, long and brush-like on head in front (cf. text-fig. 24,
right), especially facial part, long and dense on thorax above, the hairs more or
less along two broadish, submedial, discal streaks, denser anteriorly and broadly
so on each side laterally, separated by three streaks; metanotum, unlike that of

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 363

two preceding species, without any hairs, even on sides; the hairs very dense
and long on sides of tergite 1 and base laterally of 2, markedly dense and long
on legs, villose and bottle-brush-like on hind femora (cf. text-fig. 24, left), denser
on front and middle tibiae than on hind ones (all the hairs on legs very much
denser than in two preceding species); vestiture coloured as follows: those on
inner parts of tubercles on vertex whitish, the very dense and long ones around
antennal bases and facial part contrastingly snow whitish, the rest of hair on
head blackish brown; hairs on thorax above mainly very dark brownish to
blackish brown, with some whitish ones in front of scutellum; those on pleurae
and sternal parts also very dark blackish brownish; dense tuft on sides of tergite
1 and anteriorly in basal lateral tuft on 2 contrastingly whitish; rest of short,
decumbent hairs in acicular punctures on abdomen above, as well as hairs on
hypopygium and those on venter, very dark blackish brownish; those on legs
also very dark blackish brownish to blackish, but some longish ones on upper
inner basal part of hind femora whitish.

Head (text-fig. 24, right) with the relationship between vertex, fronto-
facial width and interocular space on head below as 38:38:18 to 50:50; 21;
interocular space on vertex thus relatively very broad, about as broad as fronto-
facial width at about level of antennae and comparatively broader than in
preceding two species and about 2-1—2-38 times width of space on head below;
clypeus relatively narrower and smaller than in eremobius; antennae (text-fig. 24,
right) markedly shorter than interocular space on vertex, shorter than head,
segment 1 markedly thickened, incrassate, very much more so than in the other
two species, quite twice, or a little more, length of the rather prominent segment
2, segment 3 short, shorter than 1 and 2 together; club inflated, ovate, spindle-
shaped, ending in a rather long, teat-like apical process; clypeus smaller and
narrower than in the other two species; proboscis (cf. text-fig. 24, right), though
short and only about 0-8-1-12 mm long, resembling that of species of Cephalo-
cera, slender and with small labella; palps minute.

Wings tinged yellowish brownish in basal and anterior half up to base of
second submarginal cell, due mostly to faint borders along veins in this region;
veins brownish; first and second submarginal cells only slightly, or normally,
narrowed apically; first posterior cell on the other hand sometimes tending to be
narrowed apically; discoidal cell, unlike that of eremobius, normally and broadly
open apically on basal part of posterior vein of first posterior cell, its apex thus
stalked; anal cell, unlike that of eremobius, only very shortly, or scarcely, stalked
apically; alula much reduced, almost wanting; knobs of halteres very dark or
blackish brownish above.

Legs with the hind femora (text-fig. 24, left) more like those of species of
Cephalocera, distinctly much thickened to a slightly variable extent, even incras-
sate, subspindle-shaped and curving slightly outwards, flattened on inside,
armed below with more numerous and, though slender, stronger, apically-
directed, blackish spines than in two preceding species, beginning at about, or
just beyond, middle and situated on slight tubercles; front and middle tibiae

364. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with denser and longer hairs along outer face in basal two-thirds or more and
which are distinctly denser than on hind tibiae; latter, unlike those of the other
two species, with only very short and scarcely distinguishable spicules apically
(apart from the spurs); basal segment of hind tarsi also longer than claw-
segment; claws more curved down apically, not so sickle-shaped as in the other
two species; pulvilli a little longer, nearly reaching apex of claws.

Hypopygium with the lateral lobes of tergite 9 relatively narrower, more
sharply pointed than in the other two species; scoop-like sternite 9 usually
shorter than 8, also deeply and angularly indented posteriorly as in eremobius,
its upwardly and apically inwardly curved processes relatively shorter and
stouter than in preceding two species and, as in the case of eremobius, without
any distinct inwardly-directed basal process.

From 5 gd in the South African Museum.

Length of body: about 9-11-:3 mm
Length of wing: about 6-16—-8-8 mm

Distribution: Koup Karoo: Prince Albert Road (Railway Station) (A. J.
Hesse, July 1945).

Subfamily Mydainae Beq.
Orthomydainae-Oligoneurinae Bequaert, 1961 (a: 16 and b: 14 and 15).
Mydainae Bequaert, 1963: 3.

To accommodate all the genera of Mydaidae in which the aedeagus of the
33 is single, ending in a single phallic tube or gonopore, Bequaert suggested the
subfamily Orthomydainae in 1961 (a: 16 and b: 14 and 15), for which denomi-
nation he subsequently (1963: 3) substituted two separate subfamilies, the
Mydainae and the Diochlistinae.

The representatives of these two subfamilies differ from §¢ belonging to
the other subfamily Syllegomydainae, in which the aedeagus is double and
ending in two phallic tubes, also in certain other characters which enable us to ~
allocate the 9° as well. These other supplementary and distinguishing characters
are venational ones and centre around anomalies of the second submarginal
cell and the presence of a posterior cross-vein in the hind border of the wings.

As far as the second submarginal cell is concerned it either opens normally
on the second vein, in which case there is also present a distinct posterior cross-
vein in the hind border of the wings, or the cell opens directly on the costal
margin and with or without a posterior cross-vein, or three submarginal cells
are present of which the normal second one is represented by an enclosed cell
between the normal first and the additional third.

These wing characters, as referred to in the paragraphs dealing with the
classification of the Mydaidae and also in the key to the subfamilies and genera,
enable us to allocate the various genera to two distinct subfamilies, the Mydainae
and Diochlistinae of Bequaert.

The only representative of genera with a single aedeagus in Southern
Africa is the genus Eciyphus of Gerstaecker and which is to be assigned to the
subfamily Mydainae.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 365

Representatives of this subfamily, as stated in the introduction and in the
key to the subfamilies and genera, are characterized by the presence of only
two submarginal cells in the wings of which the second opens either normally on
the second vein (in which case a posterior cross-vein is also present in hind
border), or the cell more frequently opens on the costal margin itself. The genus
Ectyphus Gerst. belongs to the first category of this subfamily.

Genus ECTyPHus Gerst.
Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868: 92. Bezzi, 19245: 194. Séguy, 1928: 133 and 141.
Cephalocera Macquart (nec Latreille), 1838: 13 (I).

This genus which Gerstaecker first described from South Africa is
apparently confined to southern Africa as was stated by Bezzi in 1924. Species
described from other geographical regions outside Africa as belonging to this
genus will probably be found to belong to other closely related genera. North
American species, formerly referred to this genus, have already been transferred
to the genus Opomydas by Curran. The supposed occurrence of Ectyphus in South
America is also doubtful.

From all the other known genera represented in southern Africa it may
at once be distinguished by the following combination of characters:

Body rather shortish, plump or stoutish, more bulky in 99, the abdomen
broadish, plump and bulky; extreme anterior, basal, lateral part of tergite 1
rather tumid and inflated.

Integument of thorax above finely or more coarsely rugulose or shagreened in
appearance; that of abdomen above usually with fine or more coarse areolar
microsculpture to a variable extent or sometimes even subscabrous or
shagreened.

Vestiture relatively very poorly developed, greater part of body being almost
bare, the §¢ however slightly more hairy; hairs on head, pteropleuron, coxae
and legs, especially tibiae, the longest; metanotum bare; hairs on thorax above
and on abdomen minute and, in 99, wanting on most of abdomen, even those
on last segment very short, not so reversed or pointing forwards as in 99 of other
genera; metapleural part in front of halteres and rest of metapleural and upper
metasternal parts bare in both sexes.

Head with the face (clypeal part) (text-fig. 25) comparatively broad, much
broader than in other genera, sometimes dilated or broadened lobe-like antero-
laterally, giving the clypeus a flat-nosed shape, on sides either or almost touching
the inner eye-margins, overlying the genal grooves; inner margins of eyes
emarginate on sides of frons above antennal insertions; proboscis either rudi-
mentary, vestigial, or only very short, confined to buccal cavity, differing from
that of most other genera in having, in proportion to its length, relatively large
sometimes rather long, broadish, fleshy and not horny labella (cf. text-fig. 25
top right), covered with more distinct, more conspicuous, or even relatively long,
hair-like spinules; palps distinctly longer, more slender than in most genera.

Wings rather broadish, distinguished from those of all other known South

366 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

African genera in having a distinct cross-vein in the veinless hind border;
second submarginal cell opening on second vein; first posterior cell opening on
costal margin as in Afroleptomydas; third posterior cell usually rather truncate
apically, not much narrowed or obtuse as in some other genera, usually more
posterior than level of first posterior; discoidal cell usually more acute apically.

Legs with the hind femora usually markedly thickened or incrassate, more
so in $3, with two rows of spines below and also with a short row of 2 or more
spines above these on each side near apex (hind femora thus actually with four
rows of spines); hind tibiae characteristic, somewhat compressed, sharply
carinate along middle below, ending apically below in a tibial process which

in some 9° are however wanting; hind trochanters with 1 or 2 distinct spines
below.

Genital segments in 9° usually withdrawn into segment 7; last perpendicular
tergite with a central keel-like carina as in other genera, but the oviscape-
sclerite on each side which also bears a row of spines is rather narrowish.

Hypopygium of 33 (cf. text fig. 26) covered below by sternite 8 which
appears scoop-like, sternite 9 being hidden by the latter and not prominent and
unconcealed as in the other genera; lateral process or prong on each side from
concealed sternite 9 armed below with a palp-like or flattened lobe-like process
or appendage; aedeagus tubular, stoutish, conical, ending apically in a cowl-like
or inverted cup-like cap and a fairly large gonopore.

Geographically this genus seems to be better represented in the more
wooded and forested parts of the south-eastern and eastern Cape, Natal and
Transvaal. Only one rather aberrant species occurs in the south-western Cape.
It has not been recorded from the Karoo, western Cape, Namaqualand and
north-west Cape.

The type-species is Ectyphus pinguis Gerst.

The known species and their varieties may be separated by the following
key:

1. (a) Proboscis much shorter, smaller, much reduced or even rudimentary, its labella much
reduced, very much shorter, smaller, very much shorter than buccal cavity; clypeus
distinctly broader, more broadened lobe-like on sides, its sides very near to or touching
eye-margins; hind trochanters with at least 2 spines; apical process of hind tibiae below
much shorter, usually much shorter than apical width of tibiae above process and in
O° very short or sometimes wanting; disc of thorax above without two conspicuous
submedial streaks of much coarser or rather longitudinally arranged coarse rugae or
rugulose sculpture Ay fs at a rt: ai fe Ba ie 2

(6) Proboscis much longer, more developed, its labella large, conspicuous, fleshy, occupying
most of length of buccal cavity; clypeus much narrower, scarcely or not broadened lobe-
like on sides, farther away from eye-margins; hind trochanters with only 1 spine; apical
process of hind tibiae below more strongly developed, longer in both sexes, as long as or
much longer than apical width of tibiae above process; disc of thorax with two more
conspicuous submedial streaks of more coarse, more or less longitudinally arranged
rugae in front half Be. am nie a ie ae a SF 2) SO

—

ho

(a) Clypeal part of face characteristic, relatively broader, more triangular, flat-nosed-like,
the sides at first slightly indented from narrow base, then broadly dilated or roundly

broadened lobe-like, usually with much sparser and shorter hairs which are not stiffish

(0)

= (@)

(0)

a (@

wa

(0)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 367

or bristly; clypeus, humeral tubercles and inflated lateral basal part of tergite 1 and to a
variable extent extreme base on sides of tergite 1 behind inflated part conspicuously
lemon yellowish, pallid or pale yellowish; proboscis very rudimentary, not longer
than half length of buccal cavity; hind margins of tergites 2-7 usually very broadly
yellowish on sides, even if interrupted medially above, often occupying nearly or about
or even more than half of tergites on sides; dorsum in 99, even if with interrupted
yellowish hind margins, not contrastingly ochreous yellowish or brownish; apical
process of hind tibiae relatively shorter in §¢ and either absent or very short in 99 3

Clypeal part of face not so characteristically triangular, more uniformly convex, more
semicircular, its sides from base more outwardly rounded and continuous with broadened
sides near apical part, usually with either very much denser and longer hairs or with
denser stiffish or bristly ones; clypeus, humeral tubercles and inflated lateral basal part
of tergite 1 not, or not all of them, conspicuously pale lemon yellowish or pale yellowish;
proboscis slightly longer, longer than half length of buccal cavity and, if very short,
clypeus at least not triangularly flat-nosed-like; hind margins of tergites, if yellowish,
either only so on sides or complete dorsally, distinctly less broadened on sides, much less
than half length of tergites; dorsum of abdomen in 99 usually contrastingly ochreous
yellowish or brownish to a variable extent; apical process of hind tibiae relatively
stronger in known gg and even in 29 strongly developed .. we af ss 5]

Integument of dorsum of abdomen (tergites 2-basal half of 7) with distinctly coarser
microsculpture, either areolar and finely shagreened in appearance or even subsca-
brously areolar or rugulose or more transversely more coarsely rugulose and ‘nadel-
rissig’; yellowish hind margins of tergites, especially in jg, more narrowly interrupted
dorsally or not at all; wings tinted more yellowish or yellowish brownish, usually less
uniformly so, the middle parts of apical and posterior cells being clearer or less tinted;
legs usually more reddish brownish to yellowish .. a 3 4

Integument of dorsum of abdomen with distinctly very much ae aehiae or ee
microsculpture; yellowish hind margins of tergites, especially in g, more broadly
interrupted dorsally, in 2 complete and also across tergite 1; wings on the whole darker,
tinted darker, more uniformly smoky brownish to almost black in ¢ and even in 2
darker brownish, with darker veins; legs in g, especially hind ones, much darker, very
dark brownish to almost black and in 92 also darker brownish. .

3 Pirenis var. feecralion n.

Vestiture on head, body and legs, especially on abdomen and hind femora, even in 3d,
distinctly less dense, shorter, the abdomen not appearing markedly hairy; abdomen in
3d, apart from yellowish hind margins, either mainly dark or black or very dark
blackish brown; integument of abdomen above mainly with either fine, areolar or
shagreen-like microsculpture or with more coarsely rugulose or subscabrous micro-
sculpture; legs in $¢, especially hind femora, either darker, more reddish brownish,
darkened above to a variable extent, or mainly pale yellowish, and in known 29 more
yellowish oe é : ae 5

Vestiture on body and oe especially yatta a ea aa in ie aie longer,

denser, the abdomen above appearing markedly hairy or pubescent; abdomen in 4, apart
from broadish yellowish hind margins, with tergites 1 and 2 and discally, narrowly and
transversely across apical parts of 3 and 4 darkened, the rest sometimes reddish; integu-
ment of abdomen more or less coarsely transversely rugulose or aciculately punctured;
legs in $ at least more luteous or yellowish reddish .. ¢ capillatus n.sp. (2 unknown)

Abdomen above with finer, areolar microsculpture, having a shagreened appearance,
the yellowish hind margins of tergites in g¢ more broadly interrupted discally, at least
twice or more than twice length of yellowish lateral part, in 2 either complete or inter-
rupted discally by more reddish to a variable extent; venter yellowish brownish, with
narrower yellowish hind margins, occupying less or much less than hinder half of
sternites, the last sternite in ¢ darker, more reddish brownish to brown; wings in ¢
more uniformly tinted brownish, the middle parts and apical and posterior cells less
conspicuously clearer .. : a ae ea 3 Q pinguis Gerst. s.str.

Abdomen above with geencay coarser, areolar, or more rugulose, or semiscabrous
microsculpture, the yellowish hind margins of tergites in $d either more narrowly

368

(b

(b

. (a

)

SE

wa

=

)

~—

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

interrupted above (the space being distinctly much less than twice length of yellowish
lateral part), or complete and uninterrupted; venter dark, black or yellowish in ¢g,
with much broader yellowish hind margins, occupying at least, or even more than,
hinder half of sternites, the last sternite in $¢ pale yellowish; wings, even in 3, less
uniformly tinted, the middle parts and apical and hinder cells more evidently clearer
6 ($d) (22 unknown)

Hind margins of at least tergites 2-5 broadly yellowish only on sides, being interrupted
above discally by darker or more reddish brownish and tergite 1 without any yellowish
across hinder part; integument of abdomen above slightly more coarsely subscabrous;
metanotum without any extensive reddish on sides submedially; venter mainly black or
very dark, with broad yellowish hinder halves; hind legs darker, more reddish brownish,
extensively darkened above; wings on the wholé more darkly or deeper yellowish
brownish, with middle parts of apical and posterior cells clearer to a lesser extent
3 pinguis var. karooensis n.

Hind margins of tergites 2-7 broadly and completely yellowish (Ceramius-like), only a
little narrower above than on sides and tergite 1 also with a broad, conspicuous, yellow-
ish ring across hinder part; integument of abdomen above duller, slightly finer sub-
scabrous; metanotum with a reddish infusion submedially on each side; venter paler
yellowish, with much broader yellowish hinder parts; legs much paler or lemon yellow-
ish, the hind femora more yellowish, darkened only along inner upper face and laterally
in apical part; wings less tinted, more yellowish, with the apical and posterior cells
more extensively, or almost entirely, clear or clearer .. 3 pinguis var. ceramiiformis n.

Proboscis more developed, distinctly longer, at least half length of, or as long as, buccal
cavity; palps longer, distinctly longer than antennal segment 1; clypeus usually more
yellowish and sides of thorax above either reddish or reddish brownish and sometimes
also much of humeral tubercles and, if dark, proboscis is longer; disc of thorax usually
with three velvety black streaks; legs, in 2 at least, paler, more reddish brownish, the
tibiae even paler Si ; ss 33 he : a aes dys 8

Proboscis less developed, saints shorter, scarcely half length of buccal cavity;
palps shorter, only as long as, or shorter than, antennal segment 1; clypeus darker,
more brownish or reddish brownish and sides a thorax above black or dark, including
much of humeral tubercles; disc of thorax with only two conspicuous, broadish, sub-
medial, velvety black streaks, the rest of surface with ashy grey bloom; legs darker,
reddish brownish to dark brown, even tibiae dark .. $s .. ® bitaeniatus n.sp.

Hairs on head, body and legs distinctly longer and denser, those on clypeus not rela-
tively sparse, and all the hairs mainly whitish or at least paler; ochreous yellowish on
abdomen above in °° more extensive, broader, occupying also discal part of tergite 6
and hinder part of tergite 1 to a variable extent; hind margins on sides of tergites 2-5
or 6) whitish or pale yellowish whitish in both sexes; first posterior cell markedly
broad apically; hind tibiae in both sexes with the carina below more strongly developed,
ending in a longer, more prominent process, the tibiae appearing more compressed.. 9

Hairs on these sites distinctly shorter, sparser, those on clypeus relatively sparse and
more bristly and all the hairs darker, those on vertex and upper frons even more brown-
ish and the rest on head, body and legs more fulvous to fulvous reddish; ochreous
yellowish on abdomen above in @ distinctly less extensive, narrower, occupying only
narrower discal parts of tergites 2-5, w ithout any ochreous on tergite 1; hind margins

of tergites, in 9 at least, reddish and more evident on sides of 2-4; fet posterior cell
normally broad apically; hind tibiae, in Q at least, with a feebler carina below, ending in
a much shorter apical process, the tibiae appearing more cylindrical

2 abdominalis Bezz. (3 Seer

Ochreous yellowish on abdomen above in 9 distinctly more extensive, much broader;
the black on sides narrower; sides of tergites and last tergite with distinct, rather coarse,
sparse puncturation, the last tergite also more transversely wrinkled; proboscis dis-
tinctly longer, almost as long as buccal cavity; ocellus yellowish; wings distinctly tinted
darker, more brownish; antennal segment 1 relatively longer, quite twice, or even a
little more, length of 2; hind femora relatively more thickened

Q flavidorsalis n.sp. (¢ unknown)

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 369

(6) Ochreous yellowish on abdomen above in ? narrower, the black on sides much broader;
sides of tergites and last tergite in Q without any, or very much fewer, much sparser
puncturation and last tergite not or scarcely wrinkled, smoother; proboscis in both sexes
distinctly shorter, only about half length of buccal cavity; ocellus reddish; wings in
both sexes clearer, only feebly tinted slightly yellowish in middle part; antennal segment
1, especially in 9, relatively shorter, a little less than twice length of 2; hind femora
relatively less thickened; (g mainly black, the abdomen black, with reddish hind mar-
gins on tergites 2-5 (or 6), whitish on sides) .. Hi i 3 & pretoriensis Bezz.

10. (a) Legs mainly pale, the femora reddish brownish in 3, the hind ones often darkened to a
variable extent, femora in 2 entirely pale yellowish like the tibiae; clypeus dark reddish
or reddish brownish in g, paler reddish or yellowish reddish in 9; antennae yellowish,
yellowish reddish to reddish; reddish part of thorax paler in both sexes, more yellowish
reddish or pale yellowish whitish, broader in 9; wings tinted more brownish or reddish
brownish at ay bi s ae ib 3 2 armipes Bezz. (typical)

(6) Legs, in g at least, very dark or black, only underparts apically of front and middle
femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi more yellowish brownish; clypeus in g very
dark or black; antennae entirely dark or black; reddish parts on ions very dark and
obscurely reddish; hind margins of tergites dull and inconspicuously yellowish or
greyish yellowish, more evident on sides; wings distinctly much darker, very dark
blackish brown to black Bt oi Bc 3 armipes Bezz. (a dark form of)

Ectyphus pinguis Gerst.
Ectyphus pinguis Gerstaecker, 1868: 92, pl. 1, figs 6 and 7. Bezzi, 19245: 196.

Cephalocera longirostris Macquart (nec Wiedemann), 1838: 13.
Cephalocera longicornis Macquart, 1838: 14 (error in transcription).

As there are at least four known forms of Ectyphus in the southern and south-
eastern Cape with a very similar pattern of yellowish markings on the head and
body and as pinguis itself appears to be distinctly variable the true identity of
the type-species pinguis s.str. becomes imperative.

To arrive at this it is necessary not only to compare specimens very care-
fully with Gerstaecker’s good description and figures of this species, but also to
try to locate the original locality from where the type specimens came. Ger-
staecker’s specimens were collected by Drége, a collector who was known to
have collected mostly in the southern Cape and more especially in the eastern
Cape in the neighbourhood of Port Elizabeth and adjacent parts.

Most of the specimens in the collections before me which I presume to be
pinguis s.str. on the strength of both Gerstaecker’s description and figures and on
the identification of Bezzi and other authors were collected either at Port Eliza-
beth or other localities in the same region and usually not along the extreme
coastal forested dunes.

The ‘Cephalocera longirostris’ of Macquart (1838: 13) is, as stated under
Arenomydas mger (Macq.) in this revision, not a Cephalocera but an Ectyphus
(the only South African genus which has a ‘petite nervure transversale au bord
interieur’ in the wings). From notes on the specimen so identified in the National
Museum in Paris kindly supplied by Dr. L. Tsacas, it is evident that at least
three errors are involved in Macquart’s identification. Firstly the specimen
is a J and not a 9. Secondly it is not a Cephalocera and not the species longirostris
of Wiedemann, and thirdly there is an error in transcription (‘longicornis’ for

370 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

‘longirostris’) where the same specimen is compared with Cephalocera nigra
(Arenomydas niger) on page 14. Dr. Tsacas also states that a label “Ectyphus
pinguis Gerst.’ was subsequently attached to it by Séguy. From Macquart’s
very brief description of his longzrostris (p. 13) it is quite evident that Séguy
identified it correctly and that it is a 9 of Ectyphus pinguis Gerst. which is a
variable species occurring in at least 3 distinct varieties, as described below.

Specimens, both gg and 99, which agree with Gerstaecker’s description
are characterized as follows:

Body mainly dark, dark reddish brownish -to blackish brown, the dark
parts of head and disc of thorax nearly or mainly black, the abdomen above in 9
usually more reddish brownish, usually darker in 3 to almost black; pleurae
either reddish brownish to even black; antennae yellowish brownish in ¢ to
yellowish in 2, segments 1 and 2 or sometimes only 2 in ¢ often pale or yellowish,
the clubs yellowish or more orange in apical half, sometimes strikingly orange
yellowish in 9; clypeus strikingly lemon yellowish to orange yellowish; vertex
on each side usually reddish to a variable extent; also pale lemon yellowish to
pallid or even almost whitish are: the humeral tubercles, broadish sides of
thorax above to wing-base, inflated basal part on sides of tergite 1 including
extreme lower basal angle of tergite 1 below inflated part, extreme sides of junc-
tion between tergites 1 and 2, broadish hind margins of 2—7 on sides in ¢
(broadest on extreme sides and broadly interrupted discally above, though usu-
ally a little narrower on 3), broadish hind margins of 2-6 (or 7) in @ (also
broadest on sides, but more narrowly interrupted above discally, or sometimes
not interrupted, or sometimes less broadly yellowish there, but more often not
interrupted posteriorly across 5 and 6), and broadish hind margins of sternites
1—6 in both sexes; reddish or reddish yellowish are: a spot anteriorly on thorax
on inner side of humeral tubercle (usually more extensive in 9), sides of thorax
from wing-base to include postalar calli, a medial discal spot or infusion of vari-
able extent on thorax (usually more extensive in 2), hind margin of scutellum to
a variable extent, a spot on each side of metanotum, more extensive in Q, an infu-
sion on propleural tubercle, sides of tergite 1, hind margin and junction between
1 and 2, in both sexes sometimes hinder half of 1 and middle discal part of hind
margins of 2-4 and, in 3, sometimes also 2-6 or 7 and much of the last two
tergites in 9; extreme sides of tergites 2-7 in 9 to a variable extent and inflexed
margins of tergites below in ¢ black; venter, apart from ivory yellowish hind
margins, mainly yellowish brownish or reddish brownish in both sexes, but
usually darker in some 33, especially in basal or apical half, the sides of sternites
usually darkened in Q; genital parts mainly yellowish brownish to reddish
brownish; bullae reddish brownish to blackish brown, the narrow or linear
bullae themselves usually darker or blackish, sometimes very narrow, short, or
even wanting in some 99; legs yellowish brownish to reddish brownish in d,
more yellowish in 9, especially tibiae and tarsi, the coxae and hind legs in 3
darker reddish brownish.

Integument of most of frons, except shining middle ocellar part, dull, longi-

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 371

tudinally wrinkled; discal part of thorax above dull, finely rugulose; that of
pleurae subshining, with faint bloom; postalar calli and hind margin of scutel-
lum more shining; tergite 1 above, and especially depression between 1 and 2,
the yellowish hind margins of tergites and, in 9, also sides of abdomen and last
segment, as well as greater part of venter in both sexes, shining; tergites 2—7
in ¢ above with distinct, fine, areolar microsculpture (shagreened in appear-
ance) and setiferous punctures which on last two segments become transverse
or ‘nadelrissig’, the last sternite transversely wrinkled, the tergites in 9 with the
same areolar microsculpture, but slightly finer and only discally on 2-6 (only
on basal part or half of latter); integument of hind femora, in 3 at least, with
fine, areolar sculpture and transversely wrinkled to a variable extent, less so in 9.

estiture on head and body greyish whitish, tinted sericeous yellowish,
becoming slightly more distinctly sericeous yellowish towards end of abdomen in
3 above and below; that on abdomen above in g moderately sparse and
shortish, in 9 minute and sparse, even on last two segments; hairs on legs also
longer and denser in 3, longer than in some of the varieties, greyish whitish,
but tinted slightly sericeous yellowish in certain lights.

Head (cf. text-fig. 25) with the antennae much shorter than thorax (minus
scutellum) ; segment 1 short, only about twice length of 2 in J, a little less in 9;
segment 3 very slightly thickened apically, distinctly shorter than club; latter
almost spindle-shaped, but broadest much nearer apex, its base constricted for a
short distance; clypeus characteristically triangularly flat-nosed-like, its sides
at first slightly indented from narrow base, then dilated or broadened lobe-like;
proboscis rudimentary, subequal in length to, or scarcely or not much longer
than, antennal segment 1; palps distinct, rod-like, rather longish, sometimes
even subequal in length to proboscis.

Wings tinted yellowish brownish to distinctly brown in both sexes, some-
times darker so in g, the middle parts of submarginal cells, first posterior cell,
third posterior and anal cells, as well as hind border, often slightly less tinted
or clearer, especially more evident in some 99, and extreme apex of wings
(apices of first posterior cell and hind border) usually clearer still, appearing
whitish; veins yellowish to yellowish reddish; apex of second submarginal cell
narrowed, tending to be narrower there than apices of first submarginal and
first posterior cells; apex of discoidal cell more often shortly stalked to a variable
extent; knobs of halteres more often entirely pallid or yellowish above.

Legs usually with 2 (rarely 1) spines on hind trochanters; hind femora dis-
tinctly thickened, very much so and incrassate in g, armed below with 1-3
spines basally, then a double row and apically on each side an outer row of 2
or 3, all these spines yellowish reddish to reddish; hind tibiae compressed below,
with a prominent and sharp keel below, more prominent in 3, ending apically
in g in a sharp prong, shorter than apical width of the tibia, without or with
only a very feeble prominence in 9, without any or with only 1 spicule laterally
apically below in 3 and 2 or 3 (apart from apical spurs) in 2; basal segment
of hind tarsi distinctly longer than claw-segment.

372 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Hypopygium of 3 (cf. text-fig. 26) with the apical angle of lateral lobes of
tergite 9g usually bluntly obtusangular; ventral appendage or process below
process or prong of concealed sternite 9 palp-like, slightly longer than hind claw;
aedeagus as described for the genus and as shown in text-figure 26.

In the collections of the Albany, Natal, South African and Transvaal
Museums.

Length of body: about 11-18 mm
Length of wing: about 8-5-12-5 mm

Distribution: Eastern Cape: Port Elizabeth (February) ; Swartkops (Novem-
ber); Dunbrody: Kleinmond near Port Alfred (January); Kasouga near Port
Alfred (December); Port Alfred; Cuylerville near Kleinmond (December).

A 2 specimen in the Transvaal Museum, from the collection of the late
Dr. Brauns and with the yellowish hind margins of the tergites rather broadly
interrupted, has a locality label “Tulbagh 10/xii/1927’. This locality cannot be
correct for this species appears to be restricted to the scrub forest and wooded
parts of the eastern Cape and has not been recorded from any part in the
western Cape Province.

This species, however, appears to be very variable in size, colouration,
infuscation in the wings and the extent to which the yellowish hind margins of
the tergites in 29 are developed or interrupted discally above. Apparently it is a
plastic species varying in certain directions according to its topographical and
probably botanical habitat, and to such an extent that certain distinct varieties
are recognizable.

Three such varieties are described below:

Ectyphus pinguis var. lttoralts n.

This eastern Cape and coastal form, frequenting the scrub- or sclerophyll-
covered coastal dunes of the southern coast from Jeffrey’s Bay to a little beyond
Port Elizabeth, and which does not occur inland beyond this extreme coastal
belt is a distinct variety which has been confused with pinguis s.str. in some
collections. It may almost be considered as a distinct subspecies if the very much
finer microsculpture on the abdomen and, in 3, also the longer and denser hairs
on the hind femora be taken as of subspecific value.

It, and more especially the 3g, differs from pinguis s.str. in the following
respects:

Body on the whole much darker, especially in 3, the dark parts in ¢ either
or almost black, the legs in J very much darker, the femora, especially hind ones,
very dark blackish brown to black, the tibiae often also dark, only the knees,
extreme apices of tibiae and front and middle tarsi yellowish; legs in 9 either
yellowish as in pinguis s.str. or often also slightly darker, more yellowish brownish
than yellowish; pattern of lemon yellowish and yellowish reddish on head and
thorax identical, the conspicuous very pale yellowish whitish or pallid inflated
part on sides basally of tergite 1 and sides of same tergite as conspicuous, but
sometimes tending to be slightly more extensive; hind margins of tergites in J

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 373

Fic. 25

Oblique ventral view of head of $ Ectyphus
pinguis var. litoralis n. to show broad flat-
nose-like clypeus, much reduced proboscis
and ventral view of right antenna.
Right top: Ventral view of left antenna of
3 Ectyphus armipes Bezz.
Right: Side view of proboscis of g Ectyphus
armipes Bezz.

yellowish whitish, ivory yellowish or lemon yellowish, confined to extreme sides,
the interruption dorsally usually being broader to much broader than in typical
pinguis; hind margins of all the tergites (1-7) in @ distinctly and relatively
broadly and uniformly yellowish, only broader on sides, the medial discal parts
not tending to be more reddish or even slightly interrupted as in some of the
typical 99 and hind margin of 1 always completely yellowish, not more reddish
or dark; venter in g mainly or more extensively dark, the hind margins of
sternites being more narrowly yellowish than in typical form, in 9 usually also
relatively darker and, if mainly pale, the yellowish hind margins apparently
narrower.

Integument of abdomen above with distinctly very much finer, areolar
microsculpture in both sexes, smoother, distinctly less dull and shagreened
discally, that of 2 especially very fine and minute.

Vestiture slightly longer and denser in 4, especially on abdomen posteriorly,
distinctly so on hind femora and, even in Q, hairs on hind femora are relatively
longer, the hairs on body and legs however similarly coloured.

Head (text-fig. 25) with the antennae as in typical form, the club usually
also a little longer than segment 3; proboscis similar.

Wings on the whole tinted darker, more blackish brown or smoky brownish
to almost black, especially in 3; veins usually darker.

Legs very similar, but apical ventral process of hind tibiae relatively longer
in g and, though short in 9, usually more prominent than in typical 9.

Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 26) with the posterior angles of lateral lobes of
tergite g more often tending to be more bluntly acutangular, less obtuse;
appendage below process of sternite 9 relatively shorter than in typical J, only
about as long as hind claws.

From 46 gd and 22 99 (g holotype, 9 alloptype and 36 g and 19 @ para-

374 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

types in the South African Museum, 7 § paratypes in the Transvaal Museum,
2 2 paratypes in the Rhodes University, 1 g paratype in the University of
Stellenbosch and 1 g and 1 Q paratypes in the collection of Dr. M. Bequaert of
Gand in Belgium).

Length of body: about 11-19 mm

Length of wing: about 8-5-13 mm

Distribution: Eastern Cape: Jeffrey’s Bay near Humansdorp (South African

Museum, January 1960) (¢ holotype, 2 allotype, 14 3 and 13 @ paratypes) ;
Jeffrey’s Bay (Brauns, 1924) (1 g paratype) and December 1932) (6 ¢ para-
types); Jeffrey's Bay (J. Heyns, December) (1 3 paratype); Papiesfontein,
Gamtoos mouth (South African Museum, January 1960) (22 ¢ and 7 Q para-
types) ; Van Staden’s mouth (South African Museum, January 1960) (1 ¢ para-
type); Port Alfred (F. Junor, February 1955) ( 1 2 paratype).

Fic. 26
Side view of hypopygium of 3 Ectyphus pinguis v. litoralis n. showing the single aedeagus with
its hood- or cowl-shaped apical part (more enlarged on left in oblique, ventral view and separ-
ately also its rather large oval gonopore), and the processes of sternite 9 with the palp-like
appendage (also enlarged on left).
Ectyphus pinguis var. karooensis n.

Two ¢ specimens, from the late Dr. Brauns’ collection in the Transvaal
Museum, obviously belong to pinguis Gerst., but constitute a distinct southern
Karoo or Little Karoo variety which differs from the typical form in the
opposite direction to that differentiating the preceding variety litoralis from
pinguis s.str.

They agree with the typical form in colour and the colour pattern and have
the same parts of the head and body lemon yellowish, yellowish reddish and
black respectively; the lemon yellowish on extreme basal part on sides of tergite
1 however more extensive.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 375

They however differ in having the integument of abdomen above (which
has similar yellowish hind margins, also interrupted medially discally, but
relatively narrower so) distinctly more coarsely or more rugulosely sculptured
or shagreened and duller, the more areolar microsculpture of the typical ¢¢
being replaced by distinctly more subscabrous or rougher rugulose sculpture.

The venter is on the whole much darker and the yellowish hind margins of
sternites relatively broader, more conspicuous, the last sternite entirely yellowish.

Wings similarly infuscated, but there is a greater tendency for the middle
parts of the submarginal cells and cells in hinder half to be clearer, less tinted.

Legs with the hind femora darker, sometimes much darkened above and
even from about middle below, and the microsculpture of these femora, apart
from the slightly coarser transverse wrinkles, also more coarsely areolar or
shagreened and duller.

Head with the antennae apparently relatively longer; segment 3 and the
club, though having the same proportions, apparently slightly longer.

Both the holotype and paratype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 13~-17-5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-12:5 mm

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns). Probably col-
lected in the more wooded Georgida and Uniondale side rather than on the
Karoo side of Willowmore.

Ectyphus pinguis var. ceramitformis n.

Still another very distinct inland variety of pinguzs from the late Dr. Brauns’
Karoo collection, but unfortunately represented in the collection by only a
single g specimen. It is obviously very near the variety karooensis if not merely an
extreme form of the latter and has a very striking resemblance to species of the
masarid-genus Ceramius. It may be distinguished from the more typical pinguzs,
slight forms of the latter and from the var. karovensis in the following respects:

Body differs from karooensis in having the hind margins of all the tergites,
including the first, very broadly and conspicuously, uninterruptedly yellowish,
on sides being even much broader than half the length of a tergite, the abdomen
appearing very strikingly yellow-ringed as in species of Ceramius; venter mainly
yellowish, due to almost entire sternites being yellowish; entire sides of tergite 1,
including inflated part, unlike those of pinguis s.str. and var. karooensis, very
extensively and continuously yellowish with the broader hinder part of tergite
1; front and middle legs conspicuously pale yellowish, not yellowish brownish
or reddish brownish as in karooensis and more typical $3; hind legs, including
lower face of hind coxae, also very much paler yellowish, but with the inner
dorsal part and apical part laterally of hind femora brownish; antennae very
pale yellowish, the apex of segment 3 darkened and the club orange yellowish.

Integument somewhat similar to that of the var. karooensis and different from
that of typical 33 of pinguis and slight forms of the latter in the relatively duller,
coarse, scabrous, or rugulose, sculpture on abdomen above, the sculpture how-

376 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ever slightly less coarse than in karooensis, but distinctly more so than in typical
form.

Wings distinctly less tinted than in either of the other two; the hinder half,
including greater middle parts of the submarginal cells and first posterior cell,
however more extensively clearer or more hyaline; veins more yellowish.

Holotype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 18 mm
Length of wing: about 14°25 mm
Distribution: Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Dr. Brauns).

Ectyphus capillatus n.sp.

Two ¢ specimens from the eastern Cape Province may almost be con-
sidered as still another, rather hairy, more inland or eastern Karoo variety or
subspecies of pinguis, but as the hairiness of the abdomen is rather conspicuous
and much longer than in pinguts and its varieties, and as they also differ in other
respects they are considered as representing a distinct species which agrees and
differs from colour forms of pinguis and the var. karooensis in the following
respects :

Body with the head and thorax and tergites 1 and 2 dark or black as in
both these forms, but tergites 3—7 either also pitch brownish and black, or
sometimes paler, paler reddish brownish; venter, excepting dark extreme sides
and inflexed sides of tergites, on the whole or sometimes much paler yellowish
brownish or reddish brownish; antennae, or at least club, paler, more luteous;
other pale yellowish and reddish parts and markings on head and thorax same
as those of pinguis and its varieties, the hind margins of tergites also ivory yellow-
ish and also much broadened on sides as in var. karooensis; hind margins of
sternites also yellowish; legs yellowish reddish.

Integument similar to that of var. karooensis, that of abdomen however even
slightly coarser, more transversely rugulose or ‘nadelrissig’, and that of hind
femora smoother, more shining.

Vestiture, especially that on abdomen and legs, distinctly very much denser
and much longer and slightly more sericeous yellowish (the abdomen appearing
distinctly more hairy) ; hairs on hind femora, especially above, distinctly denser,
longer, more villose.

Head with the antennae as in var. karooensis, slightly longer than in more
typical forms, with the club distinctly longer than segment 3 (but probably as
variable as in pinguis and its varieties where it is sometimes shorter, sometimes
subequal to or sometimes longer).

Wings infuscated yellowish brownish as in the pinguis series, but less uniform
than in pinguis, more like those of the var. karooensis, with clearer or less infuscated
parts apically in middle of submarginal cells and middle parts of posterior cells;
veins more yellowish.

Legs as in var. karooensis, but with more numerous spines in outermost
lateral row on hind femora.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 277

Hypopygium similar to that of pinguis and its varieties, but with the apical
part of process of sternite 9 relatively longer, not much shorter than appendage
(in pinguis s.str. much shorter than appendage).

The holotype in the South African Museum and paratype in the Transvaal
Museum.

Length of body: about 16-17 mm
Length of wing: about 13 mm

Distribution: East Cape: Brakkloof near Grahamstown in the Albany dis-

trict (G. White, 1907) (holotype) ; Resolution in the Albany district (A. Walton,

January 1924) (paratype).

Ectyphus pretoriensis Bezz.
Ectyphus armipes Bezzi, subsp. pretoriensis Bezzi, 1924): 197.

This slightly variable species from Pretoria which Bezzi described as a
subspecies of his armipes from Natal, and of which the types are in the South
African Museum and 2 gg and a 9 are in the Transvaal Museum, is without
doubt an entirely different and distinctly separate species.

It differs from armipes, which is dealt with farther on, in the following
respects:

Head with the clypeus much broader, more lobe-like dilated on sides
apically, touching and very slightly overlapping eye-margins, sometimes entirely
black in some 3; proboscis much reduced, very much smaller, the labella very
much shorter, more reduced; antennae sometimes dark or entirely blackish,
shorter, the clubs shorter, more ovate-pyriform, their narrowed or constricted
base much shorter.

Wings rather long, only faintly subopaquely greyish hyaline to very faintly
yellowish brownish in middle parts, not darkly infuscated; veins very pale,
pallid or pale yellowish; first posterior cell tending to be markedly broad api-
cally, more than in other species; halteres pale yellowish.

Abdomen distinctly smoother, more shining, without fine, areolar micro-
sculpture; tergite 1 with much finer longitudinal grooves, especially in g;
hind margins of tergites only yellowish on extreme sides, more broadly inter-
rupted discally with reddish brownish in ¢ and, in 9, with the dorsum of 1-6
extensively ochreous yellowish; tergite 7 in 9 darker, more castaneous or blackish
brownish.

Legs sometimes very dark in 3; hind femora distinctly less thickened in both
sexes; hind trochanters usually with 2 (not 1) spines below; hind tibiae with the
apical process below distinctly shorter in both sexes, much shorter than width
of tibia above process.

Vestiture with the hairs relatively longer on head, thorax above, pleurae,
coxae and legs, denser on head and thorax; disc of thorax with 3 velvety black
streaks separating 4 streaks of greyish whitish tomentum, which are more
conspicuous.

Hypopygium of 3 with the appendage below process on each side of sternite 9

378 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

narrow, palp-like, not flattened or broad and flap-like.

From pinguis, with which it agrees in its broadish clypeus, the presence of 2
spines on hind trochanters, finer grooves on tergite 1 and in the structure of the g
genitalia, it differs in the more semicircular clypeus, the slightly more developed
proboscis, relatively longer palps, more ovate-pyriform antennal clubs, smoother
abdomen, different colour on abdomen above in Q, clearer wings, and presence
of a longer apical process on hind tibiae below in 9.

This species shows closer affinities with the species abdominalis from the
Western Province and the Karoo species flavidorsalis described below.

From the former it however differs in the clearer wings, pale halteres,
paler legs, more developed apical process on hind tibiae in 9, denser and longer
and more whitish hairs and broader ochreous yellowish on dorsum of abdomen.

From the new species flavidorsalis the 2 differs in the narrower, ochreous
yellowish on abdomen above, absence of distinct, coarse, sparse punctures on
sides of tergites and on last tergite, shorter proboscis and less dark wings.

Length of body: about 12-5-16 mm
Length of wing: about 11-14 mm
Distribution: Transvaal: Pretoria (September).

Ectyphus abdominalis Bezz.
Ectyphus abdominalis Bezzi, 19245: 198.

This somewhat aberrant species from the south-western Cape is still repre-
sented in the collections by only the unique 2 type from Montagu on which
Bezzi based his description. It shows some affinities with pretoriensis.

It differs and is distinguished from all the other species by its large,
markedly broad, convex, pale yellowish reddish clypeus which slightly overlaps
the eye-margins; smallish proboscis which is however larger than that of pinguis;
rather longish palps; deep or dark reddish parts of thorax; smoothish abdomen
of which the dorsum (dorsal or discal parts of tergites 2-5) is ochreous yellowish
and hind margins of tergites which are more reddish brownish than in the
preceding series of species; darker reddish brownish femora and less yellowish,
more pale yellowish brownish, tibiae; more cylindrical hind tibiae, with only
a very short, dentate process apically below; hind trochanters with 2 spines
below; infuscated wings of which most of the infuscation is in form of narrowish
brownish borders along veins; dark halteres; and reddish or fulvous brownish
vestiture of which the hairs on head are rather stiffish and somewhat sparse
and those on thorax above and on tergite 1 are very short and sparse.

Length of body: about 15 mm
Length of wing: about 12-5 mm
Distribution: Western Cape: Montagu (January).

Ectyphus flavidorsalis n.sp.
Another slightly variable species in the collections of the Transvaal

DO
YY

Museum, represented by only two 99, superficially resembles the 2 of pretoriensis

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 379

and even more so that of abdominalis, from the latter of which they may be
distinguished as follows:

Body mainly dark, but with the clypeus yellowish; antennae yellowish
brownish, the clubs darker basally and apically; humeral tubercles yellowish
reddish, but darkened discally; sides of thorax above, postalar calli, an infusion
anteriorly around humeral tubercles extending backwards on each side as an
abbreviated submedial fascia, and hinder border of scutellum, paler, more
yellowish reddish than in abdominalis; metanotum laterally also extensively
yellowish or yellowish reddish; pleurae with area below wing-base, sutural
parts, hinder part of pteropleuron, metapleural and upper metasternal parts
more yellowish reddish than reddish; sides laterally of tergite 1 and base of
venter much paler than in abdominalis, more pale yellowish to pallid; broad
discal parts of 2 on sides above, or entirely, and those of 3-5 (or sometimes also
6) and sometimes also hinder half or part of tergite 1 more broadly and exten-
sively ochreous yellowish, only extreme sides of 2—5 (or 6) being blackish or dark,
this black extending dorsalwards just in front of hind margins; hind margins of
tergites 1-6 more yellowish than in abdominalis and on sides of 2-6, especially
2-4, conspicuously ivory whitish or yellowish (darker and more narrowly and
obscurely yellowish reddish in latter species) ; bullae dull black; last tergite, and
sometimes also one before it, also either dark reddish brownish or dark; venter
yellowish in basal half, dark on sternites 5—7 in holotype, more uniformly
reddish brownish in paratype, the hind margins of sternites whitish or ivory
yellowish in holotype, less yellowish in paratype, but in both specimens paler
than in abdominalis; legs also reddish brownish, the knees more conspicuously
pale yellowish.

Integument as in abdominalis, the abdomen however slightly less brilliantly
shining, except last two segments; pteropleuron larger, with coarser striae;
extreme sides of tergites 2—5 with slightly more numerous, denser puncturation
and more numerous punctures on last two tergites.

Vestiture on the whole similar in length and density, but apparently slightly
longer on thorax above and denser also on legs, distinctly much paler, more
whitish on head, only the postvertical spines reddish; hairs on disc of thorax
only feebly sericeous yellowish, not dark; those on pleurae and base of abdomen
and on legs also more whitish.

Head with the antennae slightly shorter, segment 3 being relatively shorter,
but club also longer than segment 3, the club however apparently less broad;
proboscis as long; palps rather long.

Wings tinted brownish as in abdominalis and also mainly as fuscous borders
along veins; apex of first posterior cell markedly broad, more like that of
pretoriensis.

Legs with 2 or 3 spines on hind trochanters; hind femora also with reddish
spines; hind tibiae distinctly more compressed, with stronger, distinctly more
prominent keel below, ending in a relatively much longer apical process,
without any inner lower spines in apical half below, excepting extreme apical ones.

380 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

From the 2 of pretoriensis, which it also resembles very closely, it may be
distinguished by the slightly longer proboscis which is almost as long as buccal
cavity, the broader, more extensive ochreous yellowish on abdomen above, the
more numerous, coarse, but sparse puncturation on sides of tergites and on last
tergite and by the more infuscated wings.

Holotype and paratype in the Transvaal Museum.

Length of body: about 17-5-18-5 mm
Length of wing: about 13°5-14 mm

Distribution: Southern Karoo: Georgida near Willowmore (H. Brauns,
January 1927) (holotype); Willowmore (H. Brauns, December 1909)
(paratype).

Ectyphus bitaeniatus n.sp.

Another species of which the 9 has the abdomen above extensively ochreous,
but unfortunately also represented in the collections by only a single 9 specimen.

Superficially this 2 resembles both those of abdominalis and flavidorsalis and
also to a certain extent pretoriensis. It agrees with and differs from all these in the
following respects:

Body mainly dark; antennae dark reddish brownish; clypeus brownish,
densely covered with greyish tomentum; thorax above, unlike in the case of
the others, and including humeral tubercles, dark or black; pleurae dark
blackish brown; postalar calli dark brownish; extreme hind border of scutellum
and slight infusion on sides of metanotum reddish brownish; abdomen discally
extensively ochreous yellowish on tergites 2-6, this narrowest on disc of 6;
tergite 1 reddish brownish; sides of tergites and last segment dark blackish
brown or piceous; venter yellowish up to end of sternite 4, then darker, more
dark reddish brownish to piceous or black on last one; hind margins of tergites
2-4 (and 5 obscurely) conspicuously ivory whitish as in flavidorsalis and pre-
toriensis, but only fewer of these so; hind margins of sternites 1-5 also whitish;
legs dark reddish brownish (hind ones missing in specimen), the knees yellowish.

Integument as in abdominalis, that of abdomen smooth and shining, with even
fewer punctures on sides; last tergite slightly more transversely wrinkled than
in the other species; integument of thorax above dull as in all the others, also
covered with greyish whitish and black tomentum, but whereas the others have
3 streaks of black discally separating the greyish, this species has only a single,
conspicuously velvety, blackish streak on each side discally (there being only
2 black streaks on disc).

Vestiture shorter and less dense than in the other three species, that on disc
of thorax very sparse and shorter, all the hairs pale or whitish as in fretoriensis
and flavidorsalis ; hairs on legs shorter and sparser, whitish.

Head with the antennae relatively much shorter, segment 3 being pro-
portionally much shorter and very much shorter than club; proboscis rudi-
mentary, vestigial, even more reduced than in pretoriensis, more like that of
pinguts; palps slender, nearly as long as proboscis.

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 381

Wings relatively shortish, even more darkly infuscated brownish than in
the other three species.
Legs with 2 spines on hind trochanters.
The 2 holotype in the Transvaal Museum.
Length of body: about 14:5 mm
Length of wing: about 10-5 mm
Distribution: East Cape: Resolution in the Albany district (A. Walton,
December 1921).

Ectyphus armipes Bezz.
Ectyphus armipes Bezzi, 19245: 196.

An easily recognizable Natal species which differs from the other known
species and varieties in the following respects:

Head with the proboscis (text-fig. 25, right), though confined to buccal
cavity, distinctly larger, not rudimentary, with well-developed, large, long,
fleshy labella, extending backwards under basal part of proboscis, occupying
almost entire length of buccal space, covered with rather conspicuous, longish,
hair-like spinules; clypeus very much narrower, its sides farther away from eye-
margins, not so obviously dilated lobe-like near apical part as in pinguis and
pretoriensis; antennal club (cf. text-fig. 25, top), which is also longer than seg-
ment 3, distinctly more spindle-shaped, more gradually narrowed basally and
also narrowed apically.

Thorax with slightly coarser sculpture, especially along two submedial,
slightly rugulose streaks; scutellum entirely black, rugulosely sculptured, at
least across base.

Wings more darkly infuscated brownish to very dark or blackish brownish,
more like those of pinguis var. litoralis; halteres more darkened above or even
black.

Abdomen not very shining, appearing dull, due to minute, areolar or
leathery microsculpture; tergite 1 discally with coarser or deeper longitudinal
grooves, especially in 3, than in any of the other species; hind margins of
tergites 2-5 in g narrowly yellowish whitish, though darker discally, much
narrower on sides than in pznguis and its varieties, those of tergites 1-6 in 9 more
broadly yellowish than in 3, more like those of 9 of pinguis var. litoralis, and entire
tergite 7 in 9 yellowish brownish or reddish.

Legs either mainly yellowish (9) or the femora brownish or reddish to even
black to a variable extent in 3; hind trochanters with only 1 spine; hind femora
rather more incrassate, even in 9, than in the other species; hind tibiae com-
pressed, sharply keeled below, ending apically in a prominent and long process
in both sexes, which is distinctly longer than tibia is broad just above it.

Hypopygium of 3 with the posterior angles of lateral lobes of tergite 9
acutangular; appendage below process on each side of the concealed sternite 9
very characteristic, broadened, flattened, projecting triangularly flap-like
posteriorly on each side above and beyond sternite 8, and differing from the

382 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

appendages of all the other known 3; both sternite 8 and the appendages with
distinctly longer and denser, whitish hairs than in the other species.
This species appears to be variable in the colour of the body, legs and the
infuscation in the wings.
Among the material before me are some gg taken by Mr. C. Booth at
Durban between January and March 1959 which represent a distinct dark form.
These 3 differ from the more typical form and aberrations of it in being
almost entirely black; in having very dark or black legs, only the underparts
apically of front and middle femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi being
more yellowish brownish; in having a very dark or black clypeus and dark
antennae; the usually yellowish markings on thorax very dark and only
obscurely reddish; the hind margins of tergites dull and inconspicuously greyish
yellowish, more evident on sides; and in having very much darker, very dark
blackish brownish or black wings.
In the South African Museum (including types), Transvaal Museum and
Natal Museum.
Length of body: about 13-19°5 mm
Length of wing: about 10°5-14 mm
Distribution: Natal: Durban (January—March).

SUMMARY

This contribution is a comprehensive revision of all the known genera and
species of the dipterous family Mydaidae occurring in southern Africa, inclu-
ding South West Africa, Botswana (Bechuanaland), parts of Rhodesia and
Portuguese East Africa.

Altogether 22 genera and 2 subgenera are dealt with and described. Of
these 12 genera and 2 subgenera are new. The genera are grouped into 3
subfamilies and 3 new tribes. The number of species described in detail is 156
of which 108 are new. Ten varieties are also described and among them 8 are
new. Descriptive keys for the separation and identification of the subfamilies,
tribes, genera, subgenera, species and varieties are given. Two maps, indicating
the geographical distribution of the genera and subgenera, are given and 27
figures of various morphological structures of taxonomic importance in the
text and 11 on 2 plates supplement the descriptions. A list of the most important
bibliographical references is given and an index is appended.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the execution of this piece of taxonomic research my thanks are due to
the following gentlemen and the institutions they represent for kindly lending
and submitting valuable material and types to me for study, comparison and
description: the late Dr. G. Arnold of the National Museum of Rhodesia, Mr.
C. Jacot Guillarmod of the Albany Museum, Dr. McC. Callan previously of
Rhodes University (now C.S.I.R.O. Canberra, Australia), Dr. H. K. Munro of
the Division of Entomology in Pretoria, Mr. B. Stuckenberg of the Natal

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 383

Museum and the late Dr. G. van Son of the Transvaal Museum.

I am indebted to the following members of the South African Museum
staff for the acquisition of many new forms: Mr. Clive Booth, Mr. F. W. Gess,
former staff member Mr. B. S. Griffin, the late Mr. C. Thorn and Mr. H. Zinn.

A special vote of thanks is due to Dr. C. D. Michener of the Department of
Entomology of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., who, while
on a visit to the Republic during 1966-7 to study the biology of the bee-genus
Allodape, very kindly collected some Mydaidae for this Museum and contributed
quite a number of species to its collections, among these a few new ones.

To the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research of South Africa my
thanks are due for the award of grants towards the costs of some of the field-
work and collecting and for the award of a grant towards the cost of publishing
this revision. ;

To Dr. M. Bequaert of Gand in Belgium, who is himself a world authority
on Mydaidae, I as a novice in this field am indebted for the friendly advice,
discussions of taxonomic problems and helpful suggestions in his many letters
addressed to me and above all for the reprints of his various papers he kindly
sent to me.

To Dr. L. Tsacas of the Entomology Department of the National Museum
in Paris I am grateful for comparing some specimens with certain types of
Macquart and for his comments on these types.

REFERENCES

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Bequaert, M. 1959. Diptera (Brachycera). Jn Hanstrém, B., Brinck, P. & Rudebeck, G., eds.
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INDEX

All subfamilies, tribes, genera, subgenera, species and varieties which are new are in bold face.
Synonyms, or generic and specific names no longer in use, are in italics. Pages where the main
or chief descriptions are given are also in bold face.

A

abdominalis Bezz. (Ectyphus), 368, 378, 379,
380

acinaciformis L. (Carpobrotus), 258

Afroleptomydas Beq. (olim African Lepto-
mydas of authors nec Gerst.), 3, 5, 7, 8, 10,
15, 21, 30, 31, 42, 51, 88, 103, 108, 160,
163, 188, 192, 193, 194, 200, 215, 216, 218,
21Q, 220, 224, 238, 239, 24.7, 275, 278, 290,
295, 296, 336

Afromydas Beq., 10, 12, 41

Agaperemius, 6, 10, 16, 272

albida Beq. (Cephalocera), 303, 328, 335, 336

albida Beq. var. of umbrina Beq. nec Gerst.
(Cephalocera), 328, 335

algiricus Gerst. (Syllegomydas), 274, 278, 279

anomalus (Afroleptomydas), 69, 79, 184

anthophilus (Afroleptomydas), 58, 64, 97,
110, 114, 121

anuliventris (Afroleptomydas (Crossopro-
sopus)), 83, 87, 170, 194, 196, 197, 201

apiformis (Afroleptomydas), 55, 94, 97

Apioceridae, 2

apricus (Afroleptomydas), 69, 80, 183, 184,
186

Arenomydas, 6, 7, 10, 16, 234, 235, 236, 238,
239, 246, 251, 254, 255, 257, 261, 267, 272,
296, 369, 370

aridicolus var. of caerulescens (Arenomydas),
250, 266

armipes Bezz. (Ectyphus), 369, 373, 377, 381

armipes Bezz. (syn. of pretoriensis Bezz.
(Ectyphus), 377

arnoldi Beq. (Syllegomydas (Notobates)), 274,
276, 277

Asilidae, 2, 3, 4, 7, 130, 234, 345, 350

auriventris Lw. (Hoplistomerus), 130

B

barbertonensis (Nomoneura), 222, 224

bellardi Bert. (Cephalocera), 219, 226

bellardii (Bert.) (Nomoneura), 219, 221, 226

Belonogaster Sauss. (Vespidae), 22, 28

bequaerti (Cephalocerodes), 357, 358, 361,
362

bezzianus Beq. (Afroleptomydas), 68, 159, 163

bitaeniatus (Ectyphus), 282, 368, 380

Bombyliidae, 4, 357

boothi (Afroleptomydas), 55, 95, 97

brachycera Bezz. (Cephalocera), 305, 306,
359, 352, 353, 354, 355

brachyptera (Cephalocera), 304, 308, 3309,
345, 347, 348

braunsi (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 72, 81, 130,
146, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158

brincki (Beq.) (Notosyllegomydas), 275, 279,
283, 284

brunneus (Nomoneuroides), 240, 241, 245,
246

385

ee (Cephalocera), 301, 312, 325, 327,

33

bunochilus (Arenomydas), 251, 267, 269,
270, 271, 272

0}

caerulescens (Arenomydas), 250, 265, 266

caffra (Nomoneura), 221, 222, 226, 230, 232,
233

caffrariensis (Cephalocera), 300, 321

callosus (callosa) Bezz. nec Wied. (Arenomydas),
261

callosus (Wied.) (Arenomydas), 219, 246, 248,
250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259,
260, 261

campestris (Afroleptomydas), 73, 77, 129,
139,142,143

Campsomeris (Scoliidae), 194, 196, 197

campsomeroides (Afroleptomydas (Crosso-
prosopus)), 86, 197, 210

capensis (Afroleptomydas), 60, 114, 121, 122,
123, 129

capicolus (Afroleptomydas
pus)), 84, 159, 170, 201, 210

capillatus (Ectyphus), 367, 376

Carpobrotus N.E.Br. (Aizoaceae), 258

catalus Gerst. (Cephalocera), 304, 305, 306,
355

Cephalocera Beq. nec Latr., 19, 359

Cephalocera Bert. nec Latr., 219

Cephalocera Gerst. nec Latr., 51, 88, 92, 103, 246,
251, 258

Cephalocera Latr., 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 19, 103, 231,
255, 290, 292, 295, 296, 297, 308, 309, 311,
318, 321, 325, 327, 334, 335, 348, 353, 356,

357, 361, 363
Cephalocera Lw. nec Latr., 103

Cephalocera Macq. nec Latr., 232, 246, 255, 263,
365, 369, 370

Cephalocera Westwood & Walk. nec Latr., 51,
88, 92, 103, 251

Cephalocerini, 10, 20, 42, 272, 295

Cephalocerodes, 6, 7, 10, 19, 272, 295, 296,
356, 359, 361 _

Ceramius (Masaridae), 368, 375

ceramiiformis var. of pinguls
(Ectyphus), 368, 375

Cerioides Rond. (Syrphidae), 31, 32, 34, 39

cerioidiformis (Vespiodes), 33, 39

chobeensis (Lachnocorynus), 48, 50, pl. 1

cinctus Macq. (Syllegomydas), 276

cinctus Oldroyd nec Macq. (Syllegomydas
(Notobates)), 276

Coleoptera, 7

conopeus (Sack) (Vespiodes), 31, 32, 33, 34;
36, 37, 40, 41, pl. 1

Conopidae, 28, 31, 34

conopsoides Beq. (Heteroleptomydas), 218

consanguineus (Afroleptomydas), 67, 173,

174, 175

(Crossoproso-

Gerst.

386

Corsomyza Wied. (Bombyliidae), 357

crassipes Bezz. (Haplomydas), 43

Crossoprosopus subgen. of Afroleptomydas,
5, 7, 10, 15, 54, 170, 188, 192, 194, 200, 201,
204, 205, 213, 214, 215, 216

D

decepta (Cephalocera), 299, 317

desertorum Beq. (Eremohaplomydas), 45, 46
devia (Cephalocera), 305, 341

Diochlistinae Beq., 9, 19, 364

dispar Lw. (Midas), 295

disparilis (Cephalocera), 302, 324
dysmachoides (Cephalocera), 305, 306, 350,

352> 353> 354 BN
Dysmachus Lw. (Asilidae), 350

E
Ectyphus Gerst., 4, 6, 9, 19,
353, 364, 365, 369, 370
edulis L. (Carpobrotus), 258
eremobius (Cephalocerodes), 357, 358, 359;
363, 364
Eremohaplomydas Beq., 5, 7, 10, 13, 45; 46, 47
Eumeninae (Eumenidae), 2
euryptera (Cephalocera), 308, 343, 344, 345

2, 43, 255, 282,

F

fasciata Beq. nec Bezz. (Nomoneura), 221, 226

fasciata Bezz. (Nomoneura), 219, 221,
224, 226, 228, 230, pl. 1

JSasciata Bezz. nec Wied. (Nomoneura), 219, 226

fasciatus (Wied.) (Afroleptomydas), 58, 63,
97, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109, I10, III, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 122, 123, 134, 219,
222

Sascipennis Bezz. nec Macq. (Cephalocera), 303,
328, 334

fascipennis Macq. (Cephalocera), 302, 303,
307, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335.
336, 337, 338, 341, 343

flavidorsalis (Afroleptomydas), 82, 130, 157

flavidorsalis (Ectyphus), 282, 368, 378, 380

flavigenualis (Afroleptomydas), 70, 157,
179, 180, 181

flavilineata (Cephalocera), 308, 344

flavirostris (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 158

flavirostris (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 63, 73,
106, 107, 108, 126, 130

flavitibialis (Afroleptomydas), 59, 64, 116,
118, 119, 129

flavomarginata Brun. (Rhopalia), 42, 43

fuscifrons var. of brunneus
neuroides), 241, 246

(Nomo-

G

gariepinus (Nothomydas), 292, 293

gessi (Afroleptomydas), 59, 63, 97, 114, 120,
121

gigantulus (Afroleptomydas), 64, 108, 109,
III

goldingi (Beq.) (Vespiodes), 31

griquaensis (Afroleptomydas), 68, 76, 170,
174, 176

guichardi Beq. (Afromydas), 41

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

: H

Halterorchis Bezz., 6, 10, 17, 46, 48, 228, 272,
287, 290, 292

Haplomydas Bezz., 4, 5, 10, 12, 42, 45, 46, 47,
290, 292

Heleomydas Séguy, 12, 42

heros Perty (Mydas), 3

hesperus var. of peringueyi Bezz. (Myda-
selpis), 23, 25, 26, 27, pl. 1

Heteroleptomydas Beq., 4, 5, 10, 15, 218, 235

Heteromydainae Beq., 9, 19

hirtipes (Afroleptomydas), 64, 107, 108, 109,
III 2

hirtipes Ric. (Dysmachus), 350

hirtus (Agaperemius), 272, 273

Hoplistomerus Macq. (Asilidae), 130

humeralis (Bezz. nec Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas),
158

humeralis (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas), 54, 71,
73, 78, 88, 104, 106, 122, 129, 133, 134, 136,
137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150,
152, 153, 158, 159, 165, 174, 176, 193

I
ignicornis (Brun.) (Mydaselpis), 23, 30
imitata (Cephalocera), 304, 339, 341, 342
inermis Bezz. (Halterorchis), 288, 289, pl. 2
inhacae (Afroleptomydas), 67, 75, 149, 163,
165, 167, 204
inopinus (Afroleptomydas), 77, 142

junceus F. (Belonogaster) (Vespidae), 28, 29
junodi Beq. (Afroleptomydas (Crossoproso-

pus)), 85, 193, 204

kaokoensis (Afroleptomydas (Crossoproso-
pus)), 88, 208

karooanus (Afroleptomydas
pus)), 83, 87, 196, 197, 198

karooensis (Halterorchis), 288, 289

karooensis (Mydaselpis), 23, 26, 29, pl. 1

karooensis var. of pinguis Gerst. (Ectyphus),
368, 374, 375,376

katangensis (Beq.) (Vespiodes), 31

kochi (Lachnocorynus), 48, 50

koupicolus (Afroleptomydas), 70, 76, 149,
157, 180

(Crossoproso-

L

Lachnocorynus, 5, 7, 10, 13, 46, pl. 1

lampronotus (Afroleptomydas), 61, 65, 129,
130

lanipes (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 57, 97, 100,
102, 103, 120, 121, 133

lateritius Gerst. (Belonogaster) (Vespidae),
28, 2

latipennis (Afroleptomydas), 80, 188, 189,
190, 213

leopolditertii (Beq.) (Vespiodes), 31, 36

Lepidoptera, 7

Leptomydas Beq. nec Gerst., 51, 214

Leptomydas Bezz. nec Gerst., 5, 7; 15, 51, 88,
92, 100, 103, 106, 122, 124, 137, 146, 158,
160, 167, 181, 188, 201, 213, 214, 215, 216;
219, 222, 295

THE MYDAIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 387

Lepiomydas Brun. nec Gerst., 5, 7, 15, 190

Leptomydas Gerst., 51

Leptomydas Gerst., 51, 133, 159

Leptomydas Sack nec Gerst., 11, 31, 34

Leptomydas Stuck. nec Gerst., 5, 7, 15, 51, 98

lesnei Séguy (Heleomydas), 42, 43

lightfooti (Arenomydas), 250, 263, 266, 270,
271

litoralis var. of pinguis Gerst. (Ectyphus),
367, 372, 373, 374; 381

longicornis Macq. (Cephalocera)
transcription), 255, 369

longirostris Cuv. nec Wied., 297

longirostris Macq. nec Wied. (Cephalocera), 255,
G05: S707 aes

longirostris (Wied.) (Cephalocera), 7, 108,
297, 299, 300, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315,
316, 317, 328, 329, 330, 331, 347

longiventris Bigot (nom. nud. of Cephalocera), 93

luctuosus (Bezz.) (Oreomydas), 88, 214, 215,
216, 217

lusitanicus Meigen (Leptomydas), 51

luteipes var. of fascipennis Macq. (Cephalo-

cera), 303, 307, 330, 331, 333, 336
luteccinctus (Afroleptomydas), 80, 189

M

macrocera (Cephalocera), 300, 320, 3222
324, 325

maculiventris (Namamydas), 284, 285, 286

marginipunctatus (Afroleptomydas), 72,
78, 143, 149

Masaridae, 44, 196, 368, 375

matetsiensis Beq. (Afroleptomydas (Crosso-
prosopus)), 85, 87, 198, 200, 201, 202, 204

mauricei Beq. (Afroleptomydas (Crosso-
prosopus)), 85, 88, 193, 194, 205, 208, 209,
210

melas (Nomoneuroides), 240, 243, 245

meridionalis (Cephalocera), 303, 328, 334,
335, 336

Mesembryanthemum (Aizoaceae), 98, 101,
110, 119, 126, 139, 141, 157

micheneri (Cephalocera), 298, 301, 313

microareolatus (Afroleptomydas), 82, 153,
155, 157

microreticulatus (Afroleptomydas), 66, 149,
155

Midas Lw. nec F., 295

Midas Wied. nec F., 51, 88, 89, 92, 103, 219,
222, 246, 248, 251, 297, 308

milnertonensis Beq. (Afroleptomydas), 66, 174

mimeticus (Mydaselpis), 22, 28

mimica (Cephalocera), 303, 330, 333

Mydainae Beq., 9, 19, 42, 51, 364

Mydas Brun. nec F., 30

Mydas F., 3, 7, 8

Mydas Wied. nec F., 51, 88, 92

Mydaselpini, 10, 11, 20, 41, 42

Mydaselpis Beq. nec Bezz., 11, 31

Mydaselpis Bezz., 5, 7, 10, 11, 20, 30, 32, 36,
218, 228, 234, 235

(error in

N

Namadytes, 6, 7, 10, 18, 278, 279
Namamydas, 6, 7, 10, 18, 284

mamaquensis (Afroleptomydas), 69, 159,
170, 181
namaquensis (Arenomydas), 250, 261, 263,
264, 265, 266
mnamaquensis (Cephalocera), 306, 350, 352,
354, 355, 356 ;
natalensis (Nomoneuroides), 239, 240, 241,
243, 244, 245, pl. 2
Nemestrinidae, 2
Neolaparopsis, 4, 6, 10, 16, 234, 238, 239,
272, 296
Neolaparus Will. (Asilidae), 234
niger (nigra) (Bezz.) nec (Macq.) (Arenomydas),
250, 263
niger (nigra) (Macq.) (Arenomydas), 219,
249, 255, 263, 369, 370
nigerrima (Cephalocera), 300, 302, 318, 320,
321, 329
nigra Lichtw. nec Macq. (Nomoneura), 231,
232
nigrojubata (Cephalocera), 301, 312, 313,
314, 315
nitens Beq. (Afroleptomydas), 65, 125, 126
nitidus (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 61, 65, 124,
125, 126, 127, 128, 130
nitidusculus (Afroleptomydas), 59, 128, 134
nivosus (Bezz.) nec (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas),
58, 78, 103, 137
nivosus (Engel) nec (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas),
122
nivosus (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas), 73, 133
Nomoneura Beq. nec Bezz., 192, 200, 219, 226
Nomoneura Bezz. s. str., 4, 6, 10, 16, 193, 216,
218, 219, 222, 226, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239,
246, 247, 251, 258, 273, 295, 296
Nomoneura Bezz. (not s. str.), 16, 103, 200, 219,
226, 228, 246, 258, 261, 263
Nomoneura Séguy nec Bezz., 246
Nomoneuroides, 4, 6, 10, 16, 238, 239, 247,
272, 295
Nothomydas, 6, 7, 10, 13, 290, 292
Notobates subgen. of Syllegomydas, 6, 7, 10,
13, 274, 275, 278, 279, 295
Notosyllegomydas, 6, 7, 10, 18, 275, 278,
279, 283
nyasae (Vespiodes), 33, 38

oO

occidentalis (Afroleptomydas), 58, 112

oldroydi (Beq.) (Cephalocerodes), 357, 358,
359» 361

omeri (Stuck.) (Afroleptomydas), 3, 56, 62,
97, 98, 118

opacicinctus (Afroleptomydas), 66, 75, 157;
171, 173, 175, 176

opacus (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas), 69, 79, 167,
170, 176, 183, 184, 186

Opomydas Curran, 365

orangiae (Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) ) ,
84, 170, 209

Oreomydas, 5, 10, 15, 88, 193, 214

Orthomydainae Beq., 9, 364.

Orthomydainae Oligoneurinae Beq., 9, 364.

Orthomydainae Polyneurinae Beq., 9

388 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

P

paganus (Bezz.) nec (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas),
65, 69, 75, 84, 122, 181, 201

paganus (Gerst.) (Afroleptomydas), 53, 68,
122, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 169,
170, 171, 172, 174, 176, 181, 183, 187, 194,
200, 204

pallidipes (Afroleptomydas), 79, 187

pallidus Beq. var. of turneri Beq. (Afrolepto-
mydas), 177, 179

paradoxa Bezz. (Nomoneura), 219, 221, 222,
226, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233

partitus (Gerst.) (Arenomydas), 219, 246, 249,
258, pl. 2

patruelis (Afroleptomydas), 60, 65, 122, 159

pattersoni (Beq.) (Vespiodes), 31

peringueyi Bezz. (Mydaselpis), 20, 23, 25, 26

Perissocerus Gerst. (Mydainae), 9, 19

pinguis Gerst. (Ectyphus), 108, 255, 366, 367,
369; 370, 372; 373» 374, 375; 378: 377, 378,
381

pleurostictus (Arenomydas), 250, 270

pretoriensis Bezz. (Ectyphus), 369, 377, 378,
380, 381

propinqua (Cephalocera), 299, 315, 317

prozeskyi (Namadytes), 279, 282

psammophilus (Afroleptomydas), 71, 77,
129, 144

pseudolanipes Beq.
102, 133

Pseudonomoneura Beq., 219

pseudoopacus Beq. (Afroleptomydas), 68, 176

pulverulentus (Afroleptomydas), 68, 165

puncturatus (Neolaparopsis), 236, pl. 2

R
rhodesiensis Beq. (Syllegomydas (Notobates)),
274,275,276
rhodesiensis (Beq.) (Vespiodes), 31, 38, 39
Rhopalia Brun. nec Macq., 12, 42
Rhopalia Macq., 9, 19, 42, 46, 48
riparia (Cephalocera), 305, 308, 339, 347
rubellus (Afroleptomydas), 73, 78, 149, 158
rudebecki Beq. (Afroleptomydas (Crossopro-
sopus)), 85, 193, 214
ruficeps (Vespiodes), 33, 36, 38
rufihirtus (Afroleptomydas), 56, 90, g1, 98,

(Afroleptomydas), 62,

99

rufithorax (Bezz.) nec (Wied.) (Afroleptomydas),
63, 103

rufithorax (Wied.) (Afroleptomydas), 55, 62,
88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 96, 98, 100, 104, 105

rusticanus (Afroleptomydas), 73, 79, 81,
149, 152, 159

rutilus (Afroleptomydas), 59, 118, 129

Ss

saeculus (Afroleptomydas), 74, 77, 138, 139,
I41, 150, 151

Scoliidae, 194, 196, 197

sentipes (Arenomydas), 249, 256, 258

similimus (Afroleptomydas), 61, 127, 128

simulans (Afroleptomydas), 78, 134, 137

simulata (Cephalocera), 307, 336

sobrinus (Afroleptomydas), 72, 78, 129, 136,
143, 144

sodalicus (Afroleptomydas), 74, 81, 139, 142,
149, 151, 152, 153, 157

sorbens (Afroleptomydas), 61, 126

stevensoni (Beq.) (Afroleptomydas (Crosso-
prosopus)), 85, 192, 193, 200, 201, 202, 203,
205, 208, 210, 214

subclausus (Bezz.) (Afroleptomydas (Crosso-
prosopus)), 80, 86, 188, 193, 213

subclausus (Bezz. in part) (Afroleptomydas
(Crossoprosopus)), 188

suffusipennis (Brun.) (Afroleptomydas), 69,
82, 170, 190

suillius F. (Dysmachus), 350

Syllegomydainae Beq., 9, 10, 19, 51, 295, 364

Syllegomydaini, 10, 11, 20, 41, 290, 295

Syllegomydas Beck., 6, 7, 18, 246, 247, 272,
274, 275, 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, 295, 296

Syllegomydas Beq. nec Beck., 18, 274, 275, 279,
283, 284, 295

Syllegomydas Séguy nec Beck., 295

Syrphidae, 29, 31, 32, 34, 39

T

thorni (Afroleptomydas), 72, 149, 151, 156

thorni var. of callosus (Wied.) (Arenomydas),
250, 253, 255, 256

trichogyna (Cephalocera), 306, 348

tripolitanus Beq. var. of algiricus Gerst.
(Syllegomydas), 274, 278

tuliensis (Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus) ),
83, 170, 202, 205, 212, 214

turneri Beq. (Afroleptomydas), 70, 76, 177,
179, 180, 181, 182

U
umbrina Beq. nec Gerst. (Cephalocera), 327,

328, 335, 336
umbrina Gerst. (Cephalocera), 303, 304, 308,

327> 335; 337> 339> 349, 341, 343, 347

WW
vallicolus (Afroleptomydas), 74, 81, 142, 149,
151
vansoni (Afroleptomydas (Crossoprosopus)),
87, 170, 211
vansoni (Namadytes), 84, 279, 280, 282, 283
variolosus Bezz. (Mydaselpis), 20, 23, 30
Vespidae, 20, 28 7
Vespiodes, 5, 7, 10, 11, 30, 31, 36, 41, 218
villosus (Afroleptomydas), 58, 97, 109, 112,

114
violacea (Nomoneura), 222, 233

Ww
westermanni (Wied.) (Afroleptomydas), 54,
55, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 122, 133,
134; 215
x
xerophila (Cephalocera), 299, 301, 320, 325

Z
zinni (Afroleptomydas), 57, 119, 129

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. 54. Plate I

Fic. 1: Side view of apex of abdomen of 2 Mydaselpis peringueyi var. hesperus n.

2: Posterior oblique view of hypopygium of $ Mydaselpis karooensis n.sp.
3: Left antenna of g Nomoneura fasciata Bezz.

Fic. 4: Ventral view of head of 3 Lachnocorynus chobeensis n.gen. et n.sp.

5: Posterior view of hypopygium of 3 Lachnocorynus chobeensis n.gen. et n.sp.

6: Side view of hypopygium of 3 Nomoneura fasciata Bezz.; below it (left) posterior view of
much enlarged phallic tubes and dorsal epimere, and (right) dorsal view of enlarged
apical part of left process of sternite 9.

Fic. 7: Above: Posterior oblique view of hypopygium of 3 Vespiodes conopeus (Sack).
Below: Side view of part of hypopygium of the same ¢ showing left process of sternite 9.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. 54

Fic. 1: Above: Ventral view of head of ° Halterorchis inermis Bezz.
Below: Outer view of left hind leg of 2 of the same species.

Vic. 2: Above: Slightly oblique side view of hypopygium of 3 Arenomydas partitus (Gerst.)
Below: Slightly oblique posterior view of much enlarged aedeagal apparatus of ¢ of
the same species.

Fic. 3:

Dorsal view of head and right antenna of 2 Neolaparopsis puncturatus n.gen. et n.sp.
Fic. 4: Left: Dorso-posterior view of hypopygium of 3 Nomoneuroides natalensis n.gen. et n.sp.
Right: Side view of hypopygium of 3 of the same species.

Middle: Posterior view of epimere of the same hypopygium.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Based on

CONFERENCE OF BIOLOGICAL EDITORS, COMMITTEE ON FORM AND STYLE, 1960.
Style manual for biological journals. Washington: American Institute of Biological Sciences.

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REFERENCES

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in text; full references at the end of the article, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologi-
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pagination.

Examples (note capitalization and punctuation)

Bu.toucu, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FiscHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. 7. Conch., Paris
88: 100-140.

Fiscuer, P.-H., Duvat, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.
Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Koun, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee
region of Ceylon. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Koun, A. J. 19606. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from
the Indian Ocean. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyphacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In Ser atize, L.
Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-
Afrika. 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270.

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

To be governed by the rulings of the latest International code of zoological nomenclature issued
by the International Trust. for Zoological Nomenclature (particularly articles 22 and 51).
The Harvard system of reference to be used in the synonymy lists, with the full references
incorporated in the list at the end of the article, and not given in contracted form in the
synonymy list.
Example
Scalaria coronata Larmarck, 1816: pl. 451, figs 5 a, b; Liste: 11. Turton, 1932: 80.

3 9088 01206 HN