> DoD DD I> Dy» >» >») > >>>» ; Bd Dw» 23 See $5509. 202222 ED »> Pe DI Ee eb bs Oe DD) DEPP : ) > ; S ») i) aby 5 rT > tee DD >) we ie Ad ») >>. >> | > 22 ge oe \ ws D> 22 D> D> Bes 3 > 22> DD» 22: 2®@ BD 3 ca 2 DP 5) 2 2 — ales ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. VOILA MLE 1. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. VOLUME I WOODS | Hole. | Mi As 3. / a 0 PRINTED FOR THE TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM BY West, Newman & Co.. LonpDoN 1899. TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. The Hon. JoHN Xavipr Merriman, M.L.A., Treasurer of the Colony. Davip Ginn, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Hon. F.R.S.E., Her Majesty’s Astronomer at the Cape. THomas Muir, LL.D., M.A., F.R.S.E., Superintendent-General of Education. SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Winoram Lurnry ScuaTer, M.A., Director. Lewis ALBERT PERINGUEY, Assistant-Director. GEORGE STEWART CosTtoRPHINE, Ph.D., B.Sc., Keeper of the Geological Col- lection. WILLIAM FREDERICK PurcELL, B.A., Ph.D., First Assistant. Joun Dow FisHrer Gincurist, M.A., Ph.D. , B.Sc., Hon. Keeper of Marine Invertebrates. ENT RODUCTION: WHEN the South African Museum was reorganised on a wider basis in the year 1897, and specialists were placed in charge of its different departments, the Trustees felt that one of the best means of increasing the scientific value of the Institution would be to issue a serial publication containing the results of the original work of the staff. It was subsequently decided that this work should take the form of ANNALS OF THE SouTH AFRICAN MUSEUM, and be issued in parts at irregular intervals as material became available. The first volume, now completed, consists of three parts, the first of which was issued in the year 1898, the second and third in 1899. hist OF CONTRIBUTORS: PAGE G. A. BouLrencEr, F.R.S. Description of a New Genus of Perciform Fishes from the Cape of Good oper Plate sexes hier Makt My Hee eas. Gin) ad) cos, Beh bee aes tO1G R. Broom, M.D., B.Sc. On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. Plate X... .. .. .. .. .. 452 L. PERINGUEY. Description of some New or Little Known Mutillide in the Collection of the South African Museum... $ “so OO 00) oc) BE Catalogue of the South African Hispine (Caleopter), with aie ae of New Species .. : Sec ye dh Fifth Contribution to ne South ean Gol rtiorte. Fauna ; tine Descriptions of New Species, chiefly in the Collection of the South African Miuseum., IPlates Vile and Vl 5s 8. ee) 240 A Contribution to the Knowledge of the South African Mutillide (Gabyaoaksaxoyateve)), Jenne: WABEL 55 go 50 bo oo) 00 oc oo o0 BY Description of New Species of Mutilla (Hymenoptera) in the Collection OES Sonia Wvnikeeho Worwhy 55 65 Go 65 60 co so 56 oo Gel’, W, FE. Pourceny, Ph.D, Description of New South African PoeenIOns in the Collection of the South African Museum. Plates I.-LV. Fe Mc io | fc it On the Species of Opisthophthalmus in te Collection of ne ‘South African Museum, with Descriptions of some New Forms... .. .. 131 On the South African Species of Peripatide in the Collection of the SKovblilay Adee WES Bo 66 Bo oo co oo on co oa oo alll Descriptions of New or Little Known Soles in the Collection of the South African Museum... fae . 381 Description of New Eee in the Collection of ae eau hBisan NIUSSUIT, 50 Gh) GOmNeDEIOMEGOMEESO 55.65 65 cco 6, lo 2S W. L. Scruater, M.A. List of the Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa, with ers of New Species. Plate V. 1 oe sis 94 Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Wi Jor cle cele) etel ORR MPLGH * The explanation of Plate VIII., unfortunately omitted from the text, will be found on page 451. LIST OF NEW GENERIC NAMES INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME. Heleophryne, n. g., Ranidee, W. Scl. Balyana, n. g., Hispinee (Coleoptera) Pér. Oneila, n. g., Seydmeenidee (Coleoptera), Per. Damarus, n. g., Ptinidee (Coleoptera), Pér. .. Diplocotidus, n. g., Ptinidee (Coleoptera), Peér. Argasidus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér. Xenus, n. g., Tenebrionide (Coleoptera), Pér. Machlomorpha, n. g., Tenebrionidz (Coleoptera), Per. Ograbies, n. g., Tenebrionidie (Coleoptera), Pér. .. Psammodophysis, n. g., Tenebrionide (Coleoptera), Pér. .. Trachynotidus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér. Vutsimus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér. Umslatus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Peér. Ghaleca, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér. .. Phyllocnemida, n. g., Cerambycidie (Coleoptera), Per. Dinocephalus, n. g., Cerambycidee (Coleoptera), Pér. Opisthopatus, n. g., Peripatidee, Pure. .. Atyposoma, n. g., Squamipinnes (Pisces), boul. DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS. Part 1, pp. 1-130, issued June, 1898. Part 2, pp. 131-380, issued March, 1899. Part 3, pp. 381-460, issued December, 1899. MIST OL PLATES. J. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis ¢. Il. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis ¢, and O. flavescens ?. III. Opisthophthalmus fossor ? , and O. leipoldti. IV. Opisthophthalmus laticauda ¢, and Parabuthus calvus ¢ VY. Grayia lubrica, sp. noy. Klasmodactylus namaquensis, sp. noy. Heleophryne purcelli, gen. et sp. nov. VI. New Coleoptera. VIII. New Mutillide. IX. Atyposoma gurneyi, gen. et sp. noy. X. Dicynodon latifrons and Oudenodon truncatus. KRRATA. . 29, line 3 from below, for 33 read 44. . 31, in paragraph a°, for 2-4. Caudal read 2nd to 4th caudal. . 138, line 18 from above, for south-west read south. . 156, line 19 from below, for eastern vead western, and for westwards read eastwards. P. 353, line 19, for Ml. pandora into M. daphne read M. pandora into M. pyrene. In Plates I.-IV. the figures have not been drawn to exactly the same scale as the accompanying centimetre measures, which are thus rendered useless for ascer- taining the dimensions. These figures were originally intended for reproduction by photography, and were lithographed by mistake. wut ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. I.— Descriptions of New South African Scorpions in the Collection of the South African Musewm.—By W. F. Purcetu, Ph.D., First Assistant. (Plates I-IV.) THE species of the South African genus Opisthophthalmus have recently been thoroughly revised, and nearly all of them re-described y K. Kraepelin (‘ Revision der Skorpione,’ ii. Theil, Hamburg, 1894), and Pocock has subsequently given us a synopsis of the species contained in the British Museum, with remarks on their localities and descriptions of some new forms (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) v. 17, 1896). The collection of the South African Museum contains no less than twenty-two species of Opisthophthalmus, of which eleven are new to science, and are described in the present paper, together with one new species of Parabuthus. The figures in the plates are reproductions from photographs kindly taken for me by my friend Mr. R. M. Lightfoot, of the South African Museum. The measurements may easily be ascertained from the centimetre scale photographed with each specimen. Gen. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS C. L. Koch. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS KARROOENSIS, n. sp. Plated jtie, 1; Plate Il) fie, 2. Female (recently killed, in alcohol).* Colour reddish brown to olive-brown; the hands, interocular area and vesicle pale-yellow or reddish yellow; cauda and ventral surface * In the genus Opisthophthalmus the sex of either young or adult specimens may be easily ascertained from the structure of the genital operculum. In 1 2 Annals of the South African Musewn. of abdomen pale olive-brown to brownish yellow; carapace along the borders of the interocular area darkened, with dark olive-green or almost black granules; the larger granules and the crests of the palps also nearly black; anterior face of humerus blackened; fingers reddish brown to dark olive-green ; legs pale-yellow. Carapace depressed, somewhat longer than broad, very broad in front, as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the third; anterior margin truncated or widely sinuate, rugose and crenulated, not emarginate in the middle; median groove widened in front of the eye-tubercle and again anteriorly, but not forked, terminated by a small concave lobe projecting from the middle of the anterior edge of carapace, the widened portion of the groove some- times minutely granular; sides of carapace coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area, finely granular at the posterior angles ; interocular area smooth and polished, finely punctate ; median eyes one-fourth of the length of carapace from the posterior margin. Terga punctate, smooth and shining or very minutely granular in the anterior part of each segment, finely granular at the sides ; last segment coarsely granular at the sides; segments 2-6 or 3-6 with a median longitudinal keel. Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate ; the last segment without keels, weakly granular posteriorly, sometimes nearly smooth with only a very few mesial granules. Cauda sparsely granular above in the anterior segments ; the upper crests granular, the terminal tooth in segments 2-4 enlarged ; upper lateral keels granular, terminating posteriorly in middle of fifth segment; infero-lateral and median keels granular, weak or obsolete in segments 1 and 2, distinct in segments 3-5, the median keels quite and the infero-lateral ones nearly obsolete in first seg- ment; lateral and ventral surfaces of cauda granular, densely so on the lower side of first two segments ; cauda shorter than the trunk ; vesicle large, longer and usually considerably broader than fifth caudal segment, with a few small granules at the base below. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular ; its upper and lower surfaces, except quite distally, coarsely and somewhat thickly granular; anterior surface with a few small and some very large granules, its upper and lower edges defined by strong crests. the male the operculum is completely divided into two separate chitinous plates by a longitudinal cleft, and, in the adult, a pair of chitinous stylets, attached to the middle of the operculum, become visible on lifting the plates from behind. In the female the right and left halves of the operculum are soldered together along the median line, and there are no stylets. New South African Scorpions. 3 Brachium with its granular superior surface well defined by two coarsely granular crests; the posterior surface elevated crest-like along the middle with rows of coarse granules; the anterior surface more finely granular, the basal tubercle strong. Hands moderate, depressed and moderately convex above, the length of hand-back equalling the breadth of hand, the finger-keel strong and nearly smooth ; inner part of upper surface of hand nearly smooth, covered with a network of punctate anastomosing ridges, which are just perceptibly raised above the surface level, these ridges often replaced by low granules near the anterior (inner) and the distal borders and along the finger-keel, the two secondary keels obsolete but their position indicated by dark lines; inner edge of hand coarsely granular ; outer part of upper surface of hand coarsely granular, the granules often forming a crest in the middle. Legs.—Femora minutely granular, with a row of coarser granules on their upper and lower edges excepting on the upper edge of the first pair; tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 2-3 external and 5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the lobes; superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculum subcordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginate behind but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines extending beyond the apex of fourth coxe, with 20-21 teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about one-fourth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres of largest female.—Total length 110; greatest length of carapace 16;* width of carapace 15°8; distance of eyes from anterior margin 11; width of hand 114; length of hand- back 114, of movable finger 16, of tail 55; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 44. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). The adult males show the following differential characters :— Colowr.—Abdomen darker above. Carapace only slightly longer than the first and second caudal segments ; its interocular area with a few minute granules at the anterior lateral angles and in the depression in front of the eye- tubercle. Terga very densely, finely and evenly granular throughout, coarsely granular only at the sides of the last segment. * The carapace is broader in proportion to the length in this specimen than is usually the case. 4 Annals of the South African Musewm. Sterna.—-Segment 1 nearly smooth, or granular along the hind margin ; segments 2-5 finely and densely granular throughout. Cauda much more densely granular on the ventral surface in the first and second segments. Palps.—All the segments longer ; humerus less granular below ; hands pilose, very long and narrow, the length of hand-back much exceeding the breadth of hand; the inner part of upper surface of hand flat, smooth or minutely granular, especially on the sites of the (deticient) secondary keels, the network of punctures present but not raised ; inner edge of hand strongly denticulate. Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines reaching considerably beyond middle of trochanters of fourth pair of legs, with 25-29 teeth; scape rectangular at base behind and therefore toothed along its whole length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 106; greatest length of carapace 15; width of carapace 144; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 11; width of hand 74; length of hand-back 11, of movable finger 214, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 5. Young (in alcohol). The upper surface of the hand is often covered with a network of dark pigment, corresponding with the anastomosing ridges; the humerus and brachium are almost black. In the nearly adult female the hand is relatively smaller, but pro- portioned as in the adult, while in the younger individuals the length of the hand-back considerably exceeds the breadth of hand. In the nearly adult male the hand is of the same length as in the female of the same age, but the breadth of the hand is considerably less than the length of the hand-back (in millim. :—7:84); the upper surface is provided with a raised network as in the female, but the ridges show a greater tendency to form granules; the terga are more or less minutely granular; only the last segment of the sterna is granular posteriorly ; the carapace is as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the third. In the younger individuals of this species the sex is distinguish- able only by means of the operculum and the pectines. The latter always possess the same shape and the same number of teeth as are found in the adult of the corresponding sex, namely, 20-21 in the female and 24-30 in the male. The granulation on the posterior part of the last sternite is also always present, though sometimes consisting of only a few weak granules. New South African Scorpions. 5 Locality.—All the specimens described above, namely, 5 females, 3 males, and 30 young of all ages, were taken by me at the village of Prince Albert, Cape Colony. Further localities are :— Laingsburg (Buffels River), Prince Albert Div.: 1 adult female and 16 young of both sexes, agreeing with those from Prince Albert in every respect. Beaufort West: 1 adult female (Rev. G. Fisk), 4 adult males and a large number of young (collected by myself). These male specimens are smaller, the largest being only 99 millim. long; the granulation of the sterna is either as in the male of the type or the anterior segments may be rugose in the middle and granular only at the sides ; the widened part of the median groove in front of the eye- tubercle is often smooth. In all other respects these specimens resemble the type. Victoria West: 1 male (R. M. Lightfoot), resembling those from Beaufort West in size, &c.; the anterior sternites of the abdomen are rugose in the middle and granular at the sides. The area occupied by this species includes the driest part of the Great Karroo, known as the Gouph. West of the Buffels River it is replaced by O. austerus (at Matjesfontein and Touws River), while northwards it extends to Victoria West and probably much further. The scorpion lives in shallow excavations under stones on the tops and sides of small hills, but does not seem to make deep burrows in the earth as most of the species of the genus do.* In the structure of the palps in both sexes this species closely resembles O. pallidipes and O. peringueyt. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GIGAS, 0. sp. Type: Female (in alcohol). Colour reddish brown; the interocular area, legs, vesicle, and under side of abdomen reddish yellow (probably pale-yellow in fresh specimens) ; hands yellowish brown above at the inner basal part; the granules on the sides of the carapace and those on the crests of the palps dark olive-green, nearly black; fingers and distal part of finger-keel nearly black; mandibles reddish, brown, not blackened. This specimen resembles the female of O. karrooensis so closely that I need only point out the differential characters as follows :— * Mr. Max Schlechter informs me that O. pallidipes, which he found in con- siderable numbers in the Divisions of Clanwilliam and Calvinia, also lives simply under stones without constructing deep burrows in the earth. 6 Annals of the South African Musewm. Carapace distinctly emarginate in the middle of the truncated anterior edge; the granulation of the sides very much coarser. Terga smooth, finely granular at the sides ; last segment coarsely granular, except along the elevated median line. Sterna perfectly smooth and polished. Cauda.—In the first two segments the ventral surface and the infero-lateral and median keels are perfectly smooth, and the median keels are not separated by a groove; cauda longer than the (much contracted) abdomen; vesicle not longer than the fifth caudal segment. Palps._—Humerus very coarsely granular on the posterior part of upper surface, nearly smooth on the anterior part; anterior and inferior surfaces with a few small and some large granules; the superior keel of brachium smooth along the top but undulate at the sides, much stronger than the uppermost keel of the posterior side, the sloping surface between these keels forming a part of the rounded posterior surface rather than a distinct upper surface ; hands denticulate on the inner edge. Tarsi of third and fourth pair of legs with 3 external and 6 internal spines below. Operculum subcordate, scarcely broader than long, emarginate posteriorly but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines not extending beyond apex of last pair of coxe, furnished with 24 teeth. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 135; greatest length of carapace 22; width of carapace 204; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 154; width of hand 14; length of hand-back 134, of movable finger 214, of tail 77 ; width of first caudal segment 74, of fifth caudal segment 43, of vesicle 64. Male (dry). Two specimens, which are undoubtedly adult males of this species, differ from the female in the following characters :— Colour of fingers reddish brown or blackish; finger-keel not blackened ; cauda yellowish or yellowish brown. Carapace about as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-third or one-fourth of the third. Terga finely granular on seg. 1-6. Sterna apparently smooth (to the naked eye) but provided with a number of exceedingly minute scattered granules, such as are occa- sionally found in the male of O. pallidipes. Cauda with a few minute scattered granules on ventral surface of New South African Scorpions. 7 first and second segments, similar to those occurring on the sterna ; the groove between the keels more marked in one specimen. Palps.—All the segments longer; hands very long and narrow, the length of the hand-back much exceeding the breadth of hand ; the inner part of the upper surface of hand smooth. Pectines not reaching beyond middle of the trochanter of fourth pair of legs, with 24 teeth (as in the female!). In addition to the differences mentioned for the females, the male of this species differs from that of O. karrooensis in the upper surface of the hand being moderately convex, especially near the inner edge, instead of flat ; further, the scape of the pectines is not rectangular at the posterior basal angle but rounded off as in the female of karrooensis. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 130; greatest length of carapace 22; width of carapace 204; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 15; width of hand 10; length of hand-back 15, of movable finger 324, of tail 80; width of first caudal segment 7, of fifth caudal segment 5, of vesicle 7. Locality.—One of the male specimens is labelled ‘‘ Nisbet Bath [Warmbad], Great Namaqualand”’ (W. Palgrave). The female specimen, which bears no label, was captured with 22 colourless young, to which it had given birth; one of the young ones is in the animal’s mouth, partially devoured. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FLAVESCENS, N. Sp. Plate II., fig. 3. Female (dry). Colour nearly uniformly yellow, the mandibles and the tips of the maxillary processes black. Carapace large, as broad as long, its length equalling that of the first and second caudal segment together with two-thirds of the third ; interocular area smooth and shiny, finely punctate, strongly convex on each side of the median groove; anterior edge not emarginate in the middle, crenulated ; sides of the carapace some- what sparsely but not very coarsely granular, the interocular area not bordered laterally by a strip of coarser granules; median groove smooth, large, not forked anteriorly, widened in front of the median eyes to a large lozenge-shaped hollow, and again, anteriorly, to a narrower but deeper trough-like excavation; median eyes one- third of the length of the carapace from the posterior border. Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth and shiny, finely punctate, minutely granular only at the postero-lateral angles; segments 8 Annals of the South African Museum. 2-6 with a smooth longitudinal keel; segment 7 with a low, smooth, median elevation in front, minutely granular on each side of this, coarsely granular laterally and on the pair of posterior elevations ; behind the median elevation of seventh segment is a smooth transverse depression. Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished, finely punctate ; the last not carinate. Cauda rather weak ; its upper surface smooth and polished ; the upper crests granular, obsolete in the posterior half of the fifth segment, the terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4 ; upper lateral crests granular, weak on segment 5, and present only on the anterior half of the segment ; inferior lateral crests weak in the anterior segments, smooth in the first 3 segments, weakly granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; infero-median crests obsolete on segments 1-8, weakly granular on segment 4, denticulate on segment 5; ventral surface of cauda smooth, polished and finely punctate in segments 1-3, nearly smooth and hollowed out between the keels in segment 4, with a row of coarse granules on each side of the median crest in segment 5; lateral surface of cauda sparsely and finely granular ; vesicle smooth. Palps.—Crests of the humerus coarsely granular, the infero- posterior crest developed only in the proximal half; upper surface of humerus coarsely granular; anterior surface flat, large, nearly as broad as the upper surface, with well-marked upper and lower crests and coarsely but sparsely granular in the proximal half; lower surface of humerus with a few weak granules ; upper crest of brachium composed of a row of coarse granules, posterior surface of brachium with a number of low, rounded granules ; hands moderate, convex above, finely punctate and shiny, the upper surface covered with low, rounded, anastomosing tubercles; finger-keel moderate, nearly smooth; the inner part of upper surface of hand with a single, low, broad, longitudinal elevation extending from the base to the finger, and representing the secondary keels; outer part of upper surface with a secondary keel, composed of a row of enlarged granules; width of hand scarcely exceeding the length of hand- back; inner edge of hand denticulate. Legs.—Anterior surface of femora nearly smooth, with a few minute granules, lower edge of femora granular ; tarsi very bristly, the terminal tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 1-2 external and 4 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes; anterior claw of each foot very long, much longer than the posterior claw ; superior terminal process of tarsi very large, longer than the lateral lobes, provided with 6-8 New South African Scorpions. 9 long bristles and appearing, when viewed from above, twice as thick as either of the claws. Operculum cordate, somewhat longer than broad, emarginate behind but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 20-21 teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about two-sevenths of its length. Measurements ir Millimetres.—Total length 100; greatest length of carapace 16; width of carapace 16; distance of eyes from anterior median border 10; width of hand 10; length of hand- back 10, of movable finger 164, of tail 51; width of first caudal segment O04, of fifth caudal segment 4. A single specimen bearing the label ‘‘ Walfisch Bay,’’ Damaraland (Carrington Wilmer). The affinities of this species are not apparent to me. The structure of the tarsi is very peculiar. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FOSSOR, N. Sp. Plate III., fig. 4, 4a. Female (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour of carapace, abdomen, palps, and legs dark reddish brown ; the interocular area of carapace, the vesicle and the inner basal portion of hand much lighter, ochraceous or reddish yellow; cara- pace on each side of the interocular area black; a considerable portion of the humerus and brachium, especially on the crests, black ; the fingers, the keels of hands and tail and the mandibles also black. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-third to one-fourth of the third; its interocular area rugose or weakly granular in front, nearly smooth behind, rarely nearly smooth throughout; sides of the carapace very coarsely granular right up to the edge, the granulation especially coarse along the borders of the interocular area, more finely eranular at the posterior angles; median eyes one-third of the length of carapace from the posterior edge ; anterior fork of median groove usually quite obsolete, occasionally partially developed, never extending, however, as far as the anterior edge of carapace. Terga densely granular throughout, the granules coarser in the posterior part of each segmenc; the last segment coarsely granular at the sides and behind, finely granular but not at all or scarcely elevated mesially in front, with a pair of low elevations behind ; segments 3-6 with traces of the median keel, which often takes the form of a tubercle. 10 Annals of the South African Museum. Sterna.—First four segments smooth and polished, finely pune- tate; last segment smooth (rarely with a few of the minutest granules) in the middle, coarsely or weakly granular or almost smooth at the sides, with a more or less distinct keel on each side and a wide, usually granular, depression between each keel and the lateral margin. Cauda moderate; the granulation of the upper surface for the most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior and sparse in the posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above; upper crests granular, weak in the anterior segments, the terminal tooth not enlarged ; upper lateral crests well developed, granular, absent from the posterior half of the fifth segment; infero-lateral and median crests strong in all the segments, nearly smooth, sub- crenulate, or weakly granular in segments 1-2, crenulate or granular in segments 3-4, serrated in segment 5; sides and ventral surface moderately granular between the crests; vesicle smooth or with a few minute granules at the base below. Palps.—Crests of the humerus and its upper, anterior and lower surfaces coarsely granular, the upper anterior edge rounded and coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium smooth or nearly so; anterior surface of brachium rather finely and sparsely granular, posterior surface with interrupted and partly granulated longitudinal crests ; hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex above ; inner part of the upper surface of hand thickly covered with low, rounded, anastomosing granules, the secondary keels black pig- mented, weak, stronger distally ; outer part of upper surface of hand with more conical granules and a stronger secondary keel; finger- keel strong and nearly smooth; inner edge of hand bluntly granular. Legs.—Anterior surface of posterior femora sparsely and minutely granular, lower edge of femora more closely granular; tarsi of the third and fourth pairs of legs with 2 external and 4 (rarely 5) internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes; these lobes scarcely or not much longer than the well-developed superior process. Operculum cordate-triangular, emarginate posteriorly but not cleft longitudinally, somewhat broader than long. Pectines with 12-14 teeth, the posterior basal angle obtuse, scape free of teeth at base for about one-fifth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 89; greatest length of carapace 134; width of carapace 124; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 8; width of hand 114; length of hand-back 7, of movable finger 13, of tail 46; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth caudal segment 4. New South African Scorpions. il Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Differential characters :— Carapace as long as the first two caudal segments together. Tail robust. Sterna.—First four segments minutely granular at the lateral borders; fifth segment granular throughout, usually with coarser granulation at the sides, in the middle sometimes rugose or even nearly smooth, keels as in the female. Palps.—Upper anterior crest of humerus distinct, composed of a row of coarse granules; hands very pilose, much slenderer than in the female, the fingers very long ; inner part of the upper surface of hand nearly flat, often concave distally, covered with low coarse granules, which may, however, almost disappear, except along the inner border; the two secondary keels always very distinct, com- posed of rows of coarse black granules; inner edge of hands denticulate. Operculum transversely oval or rhomboidal, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 17-20 teeth, rectangular at the base behind and therefore toothed along the whole length of scape. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 93; greatest length of carapace 12; width of carapace 114; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 8; width of hand 8; length of hand-back 64, of movable finger 17, of tail 53; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth caudal segment 44. Locality.—Two females and two males from Schlanghoek, Wor- cester Diy. (L. Francke). Four females and one male from the Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh Div. (Dr. Kolbe, F. Treleaven, R. M. Lightfoot, and my- self). Three females and four males labelled ‘‘ Witzenberg Mountains,” Tulbagh Div. (7. H. Kleinschmidt); characterised by the stronger crenulation of the inferior keels in the first caudal segment, and by the smoothness of the inner part of the upper surface of the hand in the male. This scorpion constructs deep burrows in the earth, but it also lives under stones. It is very closely related to O. macer, chaperi, and probably also to intermedius. The coloration is almost exactly that of O. macer, Thor., although the humerus and brachium in the latter are not so darkly coloured; further, in the structure of the cauda with its well-developed, blackened, inferior keels, in the pro- portions and structure of the hands in both sexes, in the granulation 12 Annals of the South African Museum. of the terga and sterna and in the armature of the tarsi these two species show considerable affinity to one another. The main difference between them lies in the granulation of the carapace, which is never provided with very coarse granules in O. macer ; in the latter, also, the upper surface of the hand in the male is distinctly convex, in the distal part not concave, and furnished with stronger secondary keels. In O. macer the last segment of the sterna is smooth, or granular only at the sides. Of O. chapert Simon, only the male is known, and is referred by Kraepelin to O. pilosus (the male of O. capensis), but it is a very distinct species. The legs in chaperi are yellow and the humerus and brachium are blacker than in fossor, but for the rest the colora- tion is identical. The hands are formed as in those specimens of fossor which have the inner part of the upper surface nearly smooth, and differ only in the absence of the secondary keels. The tail in chaperi differs in having the inferior median keels practically obsolete in segments 1 and 2, the under surfaces of which are densely granular. The 2-4 segments of the sterna are finely granular and rugose and the last segment is densely granular with (in my speci- men) traces of lateral keels. There is no trace of a fork of the median groove in front. In all other respects the two species are alike. O. intermedius, Kraepelin, which I have not seen, evidently also belongs to this group. It differs from fossor by the legs being coloured yellow and by not possessing secondary keels on the inner part of the upper surface of hands, but appears to resemble it in every other respect. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS SCHLECHTER], N. Sp. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour pale-yellow ; the vicinity of the eyes, a narrow strip on each side of the interocular area of carapace, five lines on the upper surface of hands, the mandibles, the anterior region of the segments of the terga and the under surface of the five caudal segments infuscate, the infuscate part with 3-1 longitudinal pale lines in the anterior caudal segments. Carapace much longer than broad ; its interocular area shiny and nearly smooth, convex in the middle on each side of the median groove ; anterior edge not emarginate in the middle; sides of the carapace finely granulated, the granules along the borders of the interocular area somewhat coarser than on the rest of the surface ; median groove bordered by a row of granules on each side, distinctly New South African Scorpions. 13 forked in front; median eyes one-third of the length of the carapace from the posterior border. Terga smooth, except at the sides, where they are finely granular, seventh segment finely granular, coarsely so at the sides. Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished, the last not carinate. Cauda moderate; its upper surface granular on the first, nearly or quite smooth on the following segments ; the upper crests granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in segments 2-4; upper lateral crests granular, obsolete in the posterior half of segment 5; infero-lateral crests smooth and practically obsolete in segments 1-3, weakly granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; median crests quite obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated in segment 5; under surface of cauda quite smooth and polished in segments 1-4, with a few scattered granules in segment 5; sides of the cauda with a few scattered granules in the anterior segments. Palps.—Crests of the humerus and its upper and anterior surfaces coarsely granular; under surface of humerus nearly smooth ; upper crest of brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface of brachium granular along the middle; hands moderate, convex above, the inner part of the upper surface covered with low, weak granules ; the secondary keels obsolete, their position indicated only by two black lines; outer part of the upper surface of hand with conical eranules and a distinct, granulated, infuscate, secondary keel along the middle; finger-keel very weak, crenulated; inner edge of hand coarsely granular ; width of hand less than the length of hand-back. Legs.—Lower edge of the anterior femora and the anterior surface of the posterior ones granular; tarsi of the fourth pair of legs with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, in addition to the 3 external and 5 (or 4) internal spines on the terminal lobes; the superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 20-21 teeth ; scape free of teeth at the base for about one-fourth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 63 ; greatest length of carapace 104; width of carapace 94; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 7 ; width of hand 6; length of hand-back 7, of movable finger 74, of tail 34. Female, young (in alcohol). Operculum undivided, wider than long. Pectines with 14 teeth, the scape free of teeth at the base for more than one-third of its length. Rest of the characters as in the male. 14 Annals of the South African Musewn. A male and a young female specimen, captured by Mr. Max Schlechter in Little Bushmanland along the road leading from Steinkopf to Ramond’s Drift on the Orange River, Namaqualand. They live in burrows in sandy ground. Mr. Schlechter found O. wahlbergi living in the same locality. In the male specimen described above the carapace is as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-half of the third, hence possibly not quite full grown. It is so well characterised, however, especially by the smoothness and the absence of crests on the under surface of the first four caudal segments, that I have not hesitated to describe it. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GRANICAUDA, 0. sp. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour of carapace and cauda brownish yellow to olive-brown ; legs and vesicle pale-ochraceous ; arms ochraceous to ochre-brown ; abdomen brown or olivaceous with the hind edge of the segments brown ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, the mandibles, and the crests above the median and lateral eyes black or dark olive-green. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment; its interocular area coarsely or weakly granular in front, nearly smooth on the convexities behind; sides of the carapace granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ; median eyes more than a quarter of the length of carapace from posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front. Terga densely and finely granular throughout, the last segment with coarser granulation at the sides, the third to sixth segment with a weak, granular, median keel, the seventh with a low, finely granular, median elevation and two low, coarsely granular, posterior elevations. Sterna.—Segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral borders, their surface finely rugose or the anterior ones smooth; fifth segment keel- less, very densely and finely granular or rugoso-granular throughout, as is also the ventral surface of the first four caudal segments. Cauda moderate; the granulation of the upper surface for the most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior, sparse in the posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above; upper crests granular, the terminal tooth usually (but not always) enlarged and spiniform on segments 2-4; upper lateral crests well developed, granular, on segment 5 weak, and present only in the anterior half; infero-lateral keels practically obsolete in segments 1-4, least so in segment 4, where a row of slightly enlarged granules often indicates New South African Scorpwns. 15 their position ; infero-median keels quite obsolete in segments 1-4; the position of the two ventral pairs of keels on the first four seg- ments is usually indicated by black lines or spots, which extend on to the posterior sternite ; the whole ventral surface of the fourth caudal segment is densely covered with fine rounded granules, slightly larger than those on the anterior segments; fifth caudal segment three times as long as broad, sparsely granular at the sides and below, the median keel weaker than the infero-lateral ones ; vesicle smooth or minutely granular at the base below, sometimes with longitudinal infuscate bands. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus together with its upper, anterior, and lower surfaces coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface sparsely so; hands hairy, slightly convex and coarsely granular above, the granules conical and connected by a network of black pigment ; finger-keel strong and granular, in its distal portion sometimes only crenulated ; the secondary keels weak, granular, indicated by black lines ; inner edge of hand denticulate ; width of hand exceeding length of hand- back. Legs with the lower edge of femora coarsely granular, the anterior surface of posterior femora finely granular; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, those of the third pair of legs with 1-2 external and 4-5 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes; the superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 11-15 teeth; scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for one-third of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 82; greatest length of carapace 12; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 8; width of hand 8; length of hand-back 64, of movable finger 10, of tail 49; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 4. Female (recently killed, in alcohol). Darker. Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one- third of the third. Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth in the middle, finely granular at the sides; segments 2-6 with smooth longitudinal keels. Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished. Cauda slenderer, with the ventral surface of segment 1 smooth, of 16 Annals of the South African Museum. segment 2 slightly rugose, of segment 3 weakly but thickly granular, and of segment 4 finely and densely granular throughout. Hands.—Inner part of upper surface covered with low, rounded granules, showing a tendency to anastomose; finger-keel weak, secondary keels nearly obsolete. Operculum cordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginate behind but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 11 teeth, the basal intermediate lamella elongate as in the female of O. granifrons, the scape being without teeth at base for nearly one-half of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 75; greatest length of carapace 12; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 8; width of hand 9; length of hand-back 64, of movable finger 94, of tail 40; width of first caudal segment 44, of fifth caudal segment 3. Locality—11 males and 1 female collected at Port Nolloth, Namaqualand. This species is closely allied to O. granifrons, Pocock ; but in the latter the fourth caudal segment has distinct, granular, median and infero-lateral keels below, with only a few coarse and fine granules between the keels. Further in granifrons the under side of the humerus is nearly smooth, the posterior sternite is weakly granular in the female, and that of the male is much more coarsely granular than in granicauda. In granifrons the number of pectinal teeth varies from 14-22 in the male and from 10-18 in the female. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS ATER, Nl. Sp. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour of whole animal purplish black; the teeth of the pectines, the median groove of carapace and the soft skin joining the seg- ments of the limbs white; the under surface of the terminal tarsi, the basal part of the claws and the spiracles pallid; the fingers, the base of aculeus and the convexities of the interocular area of carapace dark reddish. Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one- third of the third; its interocular area coarsely granular in the anterior part and in front of the median eye-tubercle, but smooth on the convexities ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area; median eyes a little less than a third of the length of carapace from the posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front, white. . New South African Scorpions. 17 Terga as in the male of O. granicauda, but the three elevations of the seventh segment are very low. Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctured, the posterior seg- ment somewhat roughened at the sides; spiracles with a straight anterior and arcuate posterior edge, the rather wide space between these edges occupied by a pale yellowish plate. Cauda moderate ; its upper surface coarsely granular in segments 1-4, nearly smooth in segment 5, the median groove finely granu- lar in the anterior, smooth in the posterior segments ; upper crests granular, weak in segment 1, the terminal tooth enlarged in the fourth segment ; upper lateral crests weakly granular; infero-lateral and median crests completely obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated in segment 5; sides of cauda weakly granular, more strongly so in the first and fifth segments; ventral surface of first three caudal segments smooth, polished, and finely punctate, that of fourth segment somewhat roughened with pits and minute granules; fifth segment coarsely granular below ; vesicle minutely granular on the basal half of lower surface. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus and its upper and anterior surfaces coarsely granular, the lower surface nearly smooth ; upper crest of brachium crenulated, posterior surface coarsely granular ; hands with long hairs, moderately convex above, the upper surface covered with strong isolated granules; finger-keel weak, granular or crenulated ; inner part of upper surface of hand with no trace of the secondary keels, the outer part of the upper surface with traces of a secondary keel; inner edge of hand denticulate ; middle of hand slightly exceeding the length of hand-back. Legs.—Lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface of posterior femora finely and sparsely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with 1 external and 3-4 internal spines below, those of the third pair with 2 external and 3-4 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 6 internal spines on the terminal lobes; superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculwm much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 13 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for one-fifth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 54; greatest length of carapace 84; width of carapace ? (specimen damaged) ; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 6; width of hand 54; length of hand-back 5, of movable finger 64, of tail 32; width of first caudal segment 4, of fifth caudal segment 3. Locality.—A single, somewhat mutilated specimen from Steinkopf, Namaqualand. 9 a 18 Annals of the South African Museum. This species is remarkable for its dark coloration and the absence of keels from, and smoothness of, the under surface of the first four caudal segments. It shows considerable affinity to O. granicauda. The structure of the cephalothorax resembles that of granicauda and granifrons. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LEIPOLDTI, nN. Sp. Plate IIL, fig. 5. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour of carapace and abdomen brown, the last segment yellowish; the interocular area of carapace, the palps, legs, and tail pale ochraceous; the carapace along the sides of the inter- ocular area blackened ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, and the mandibles black or blackish brown. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment ; its interocular area coarsely granular in the anterior half, nearly smooth on the conyexities behind; sides of the carapace granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ; length of carapace 34-32 times the distance of median eyes from posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front. Terga as in O. granicauda. Sterna.—Segments 1-3 (or 2-3) weakly granular along posterior border and in the middle, the first sometimes quite smooth; segment 4 densely granular in the middle and posteriorly, very finely so laterally ; segment 5 (and the first caudal segment below) keelless, very densely and evenly covered with low, oval granules, which are somewhat less coarse but denser and more numerous than in the male of granifrons and capensis ; spiracles with parallel edges. Cauda less robust than in granifrons ; the upper surface in seg- ment 1 coarsely granular, in the following segments with a few scattered granules or nearly smooth; upper crests granular, the ter- minal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4; upper lateral crests well developed, granular, in the fifth segment weak and present only on the anterior half; infero-lateral crests practically obsolete in segment 1, the median crests completely absent in the same segment, both these crests weakly granular in segment 2, more strongly so in segments 3 and 4, strongly granular in segment 5; sides and under surface of segments 2-5 with scattered granules, the under surface of segment 2 more densely granular between the keels; vesicle smooth; fifth caudal segment more than three times as long as broad. Palps. All the crests of the humerus together with its upper- New South African Scorpions. 1) anterior, and lower surface coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface with a few granules and some semicircular elevations round the bases of the hairs along the middle; hands pilose, slightly convex above and covered with low rounded elevations; finger-keel strong and nearly smooth; the secondary keels weak, granular, marked with black lines; inner edge of hand denticulate ; width of hand equal to the length of hand-back. Legs with lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface of posterior femora finely granular; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with no external and 5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 3 external and 4 internal spines on the terminal lobes; tarsi of the third pair with a minute or no external and 4-5 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes; the superior process as long as the lateral lobes. Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 13-15 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for one-third of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 97; greatest length of carapace 14; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 94; width of hand 74; length of hand-back 74, of movable finger 13, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 4. Female (recently killed, i alcohol). Differs from the male in the following characters :— Colour.—The humerus and brachium in some specimens more or less blackened. Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the third. Terga.—Segments 1-6 shiny, smooth or roughened in the middle, finely granular at the sides, the granulated area increasing in the posterior segments ; median keel smooth. Sterna.—Segments 1-4 smooth and polished ; segment 5 weakly and evenly granular, smooth only along the anterior border, the granules more numerous than in the female of O. granifrons, Pocock. Cauda rather weak; infero-lateral crests sometimes weakly developed in segment 1; under surface of segments 1 and 2 weakly granular, like the last segment of the sterna. Palps.—Hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex above; the inner part of the upper surface thickly covered with low rounded granules; secondary keels weak, composed of a row of 20 Annals of the South African Museum. black granules, slightly larger than the others; finger-keel strong, nearly smooth, often interrupted in the proximal part. Operculum cordate, slightly broader than long, deeply emarginate behind, but not completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 8-12 teeth, scape free of teeth at base for about two-fifths of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 100; greatest length of carapace 144; width of carapace 134; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 10; width of hand 104; length of hand-back 8, of movable finger 12, of tail 49; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 34. Four adult males, 6 adult females, and 11 young of both sexes from Clanwilliam (C. L. Leipoldt). This species is closely allied to O. granifrons, being intermediate between granifrons and capensis. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FUSCIPES, 0. sp. Female (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour a deep rich reddish brown ; the terga, with the exception of a band along the posterior borders, and the carapace along the lateral borders of the interocular area nearly or quite black; the mandibles, the fingers, the crests of palps and of under side of cauda and the maxillary processes of second pair of legs black ; the posterior surface of legs, the under side of hands and brachia, and often also the interocular area and the inner basal portion of the upper surface of hands lighter in colour; under side of first caudal segment and of last abdominal sternite with four black lines, which are sometimes confluent and are continuations from the four black keels of the second caudal segment. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the third; the anterior edge between the eyes and the triangular area with a row of hairs, but otherwise nearly smooth and straight; the median groove deep, distinctly forked in front ; interocular area coarsely granular in its anterior half, weakly granular or nearly smooth behind; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area ; median eyes one-third, or slightly less than one-third, of the length of carapace from posterior border. Terga granular and shiny, the anterior and the mesial portion in the front segments and the anterior median region in the last seg- ments but one, very finely granular or only slightly roughened ; longitudinal keel of segments 2-6 smooth throughout or finely New South African Scorpions. 21 granular and smooth only on the tubercle ; seventh segment with a low, median, granular elevation, but scarcely showing a trace of the lateral crests. Sterna smooth and polished, the last segment weakly granular, except in front and at the sides where it is smooth ; anterior edge of spiracles straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched backwards, the space between the edges thus considerably wider at the middle than at the ends of the spiracle and occupied by a yellowish plate. Cauda slender; the upper crests granular, the terminal tooth in segments 2—4 not or but slightly enlarged (in one specimen, however, enlarged and spiniform); upper lateral crests granular, absent on posterior half of the fifth segment ; infero-lateral and median keels obsolete in segment 1, weakly granular in segments 2 and 3, granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; upper surface granular in segment 1, nearly smooth, with a few minute granules in segments 2-3 or 2-4, smooth in segment 5; intercarinal spaces more or less granular, the granulation of the basal segment resembling that of the last sternite; vesicle sparsely granular at base below. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus, its upper and under sur- faces and the upper part of the anterior side coarsely granular ; upper crest of brachium crenulated but not composed of a row of large isolated granules, anterior lower edge coarsely granular, posterior edge smooth ; posterior surface of brachium with numerous smooth, often laterally sinuated ridges placed in rows to form irregular longitudinal crests; hands convex above, the whole upper surface thickly covered with low, broad, rounded granules, which often anastomose in the basal half; finger-keel strong, for the greater part smooth, showing a tendency to break up into granules only at the base; secondary keels very weak, defined by black lines ; the hands wide, their strongly convex inner edge with blunt. granules. Legs with the lower edge of anterior femora weakly granular ; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with only 3 spines on the external terminal lobe and no external spines on the under side; tarsi of the third and fourth pair of legs with 8-9 internal spines on the terminal lobe and the under side together, the fifth spine from the end being some- times on the lobe, sometimes not; tarsus of the third pair of legs with 4 spines on the external lobe and 1 external spine on the under side as well, which, however, is very small and occasionally absent ; lateral lobes and the superior median process of equal length. Operculum cordate, broader than long, emarginate posteriorly, but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 9 or 10 teeth, rarely with as many as 11 or 12; 22 Annals of the South African Museum scape toothless for about two-fifths of its length, the posterior basal angle about 150°. Measurement in Millimetres.—Total length 85; greatest length of carapace 13; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 84; width of hand 84; length of hand-back 8, of movable finger 94, of tail 44; width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 4. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour of hands lighter above ; terga almost entirely black. Carapace scarcely longer than first two caudal segments ; posterior half of interocular area weakly granular or nearly as strongly granu- lated as the anterior half. Terga not shiny; the first 6 segments very densely and minutely granular, with larger granules near the posterior border in the last 3 or 4 of these segments. Sterna.—First three segments smooth, except along the posterior edge of the third and sometimes also of the second, where they are usually roughened ; fourth segment finely granular and rugose, but smooth in front of the stigmata ; fifth segment entirely covered with squamiform granules, as is also the lower surface of the first caudal segment. Hands much narrower but not longer than in female, more hairy ; upper surface more weakly granulated, its keels, and especially the secondary keels, more strongly expressed; the granules on the inner edge more pointed. Operculum transversely oval, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 11-12 teeth ; the scape toothless at base for nearly one-third of its length, the posterior basal angle 130°—-135°. Measurements in Millimetres of largest male.—Total length 74 ; greatest length of carapace 11; width of carapace 104; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 7 ; width of hand 6; length of hand- back 54, of movable finger 10, of tail 41; width of first caudal segment 5; of fifth caudal segment 4. Locality.—A number of adult males and females from near the railway station at Tulbagh Road at the foot of the Waterfall Moun- tains, Tulbagh Division. They construct deep burrows in the earth. This species is very closely allied to O. capensis. I can find scarcely a differential character for either of these species which does not occasionally appear in the other; excepting, however, (1) the colour of the legs, the anterior surface of which is deep reddish brown and the posterior surface lighter in fuscipes, while in capensis New South African Scorpions. 23 both surfaces are similarly coloured pale ochraceous, becoming reddish yellow in old spirit specimens ; (2) the shape of the spiracles, which are very narrow with parallel edges on capensis, but widened with the posterior edge arched in fuscipes. ferences are :— O. capensis (from Cape Peninsula). Hands smoother above. Length of hand-back in male equal to breadth of hand (some- times less). Interocular area weakly granu- lar in front (sometimes coarsely SO). Pectines in male with pos- terior basal angle less obtuse. Operculum cordate, as long as broad (sometimes broader than long). Segments 2-4 of cauda with large terminal spine on upper crests. Sterna 1-4 more granular in male. Tarsi of fourth leg with 4 (sometimes 3) spines on external lobe. coarsely The other main dif- O. fuscipes. Hands rougher above. Length of hand-back less than the breadth of hand. Interocular area coarsely granu- lar in front. Basal angle of pectines more obtuse. Operculum broader than long. Upper crests without enlarged spine (sometimes terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform). Sterna 1-4 less coarsely granu- lar. Tarsi of fourth leg with 3 spines on external lobe. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PERINGUEYI, 0. sp. Female (in alcohol). Colour dark brownish olivaceous, nearly black, the under side lighter ; legs, vesicle, interocular area of carapace and the hands reddish yellow (probably pale ochraceous in fresh specimens) ; fingers and mandibles greenish black; maxillary processes not darkened at the apex. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-third of the third ; the interocular area smooth and polished, finely punctate, not bordered laterally by very coarse granules, but passing gradually over into the rather finely granular sides of the carapace ; anterior edge of the carapace weakly granular, seen from above broadly sinuate, slightly emarginate in the middle ; median eyes two-sevenths of the length of the carapace from the 24 Annals of the South African Museum. posterior border; median groove enlarged in front of the median eyes, distinctly forked anteriorly, the triangular area long and nearly smooth, the T-shaped depression behind the median eyes with a few very minute granules. Terga very minutely granular, the segments nearly smooth in the middle and furnished with a longitudinal keel ; last segment coarsely granular at the sides and behind, with traces of lateral crests, finely granular on the low, broad, median elevation in front. Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate, the last segment without traces of keels. Cauda moderate ; the upper surface granular in segment 1, nearly smooth, with a few minute granules in segments 2-4, smooth in segment 5; upper crests granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in segments 2-4; upper lateral crests granular, absent from the posterior half of fifth segment; infero-lateral and median keels smooth in segments 1-3, granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; lateral surfaces of cauda smooth and polished in segments 1 and 2, sparsely and finely granular in segments 3 and 4, coarsely granular in segment 5; vesicle smooth. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus well developed, coarsely granular, the upper, lower, and anterior surfaces also coarsely granular, the lower posterior crest reaching to near the distal end of the humerus; upper crest of brachium nearly smooth; anterior ~ surface of brachium finely granular, the posterior surface with several smooth and granular crests, weakly granular between the crests ; hands large, cordate at base, the inner part of the upper surface depressed, very moderately convex, thickly covered with punctate anastomosing elevations, which are scarcely raised above the level of the surface, without a trace of secondary keels; outer part of upper surface of hands coarsely granular, with traces of a secondary keel in the distal part; finger-keel strong, smooth ; inner edge of hand bluntly granular ; width of hand considerably exceeding the length of hand-back. Legs.—Anterior surface of femora finely granular, the lower edge coarsely so; tarsi of the two last pairs of legs with 2-3 external and 5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes ; the superior process shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculum subcordate, broader than long, emarginate behind but not cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 19 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for one-fourth to one-fifth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 103; greatest length New South African Scorpions. 25 of carapace 154; width of carapace 15; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 95; width of hand 124; length of hand-back 10, of movable finger 17, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth caudal segment 4. Male (in alcohol). The male presents the following differential characters :— Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segments together. Cauda more robust. Terga.—Whole surface densely and finely granular, the last seg- ment coarsely granular at the sides and behind. Sterna minutely granular at the lateral borders in segments 1-4. Palps with all the segments much longer than in the female ; hands long and narrow, with very long fingers ; length of hand-back exceeding breadth of hand; inner part of the upper surface of hand flat, concave distally, weakly granular, nearly smooth in the middle, with two weak secondary keels; outer part of the upper surface very weakly granular, nearly smooth; inner edge of hand scarcely denticulate. Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 26-28 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base behind and therefore toothed along its whole length. Besides these there are other differences which may be put down to the specimens having possibly been captured in different localities. The colour of the male, for instance, is much lighter, being brown with a large black patch on the carapace on each side of the interocular area, the palps reddish yellow with dark crests, the legs, vesicle, interocular area, and the hands ochraceous ; further, the surfaces of the humerus and brachium are much more sparsely granular, the infero-lateral keels in segments 2 and 3 and the median keels in segment 3 of cauda are crenulated. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 109; greatest length of carapace 16; width of carapace 154; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 10; width of hand 10; length of hand-back 104, of movable finger 25, of tail 65; width of first caudal segment 64, of fifth caudal segment 4. Male, nearly adult (in alcohol). This specimen resembles the female in its coloration and in the granulation of the surfaces of the humerus and brachium; the hands have the shape of those of the female but are narrower 26 Annals of the South African Museum (breadth of hand 9, length of hand-back 84, of movable finger 144), and the upper surface is thickly covered with rather coarse and isolated granules ; secondary keels as in the female ; cauda, terga, sterna, operculum, and pectines as in the adult male; pectines with 28 teeth. Locality—An adult female and a nearly adult male labelled ‘‘ Namaqualand,’’ Cape Colony (L. Péringuey), and an adult male with no history attached. This species is very closely allied to O. pallidipes, and bears to the latter species very much the same relation that O. macer does to O. fossor. Almost the only important difference lies in the granulation of the carapace, the numerous very coarse granules on each side of the interocular area, so characteristic of O. pallidipes, are replaced by comparatively fine granules in O. peringueyt. Further, in O. pallidipes the carapace is much narrower in pro- portion to its length and its sides are abruptly deflected and very steep, being nearer to the perpendicular than to the horizontal ; in O. peringueyi, on the contrary, the middle part of the upper surface of the carapace passes over quite gradually into the sides, which are inclined at the most at an angle of 45°, and the length of the carapace is but slightly in excess of its breadth. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LATICAUDA, 0. sp. Plate IV., fig. 6. Male (dry). Colour reddish brown, legs and palps lighter underneath; the mandibles, fingers, finger-keel, upper and lower posterior crests of the humerus and brachium, the maxillary processes of the first and second pairs of legs, the infero-lateral keels of first three caudal segments and the greater part of ventral surface of abdomen blackened ; carapace along the borders of the interocular area also darker. Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-fourth of the third; its interocular area weakly granular in front, smooth on the convexities behind, the anterior edge between the eyes and the triangular area distinctly, if some- what weakly, granular; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area; median eyes more than a quarter of the length of carapace from the posterior border; median groove distinctly forked in front. Terga densely and minutely granular, with coarser granules in the posterior half of segments 3-6; seventh segment coarsely granular, —— New South African Scorpions. 27 except on the anterior median part; segments 3-6 weakly keeled on the posterior half, segment 7 with a low, broad, coarsely granulated elevation on each side behind, but with no median elevation. Sterna smooth, segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral borders; last segment smooth in the middle, distinctly keeled on each side, the region between the keel and the lateral margin with a depression posteriorly and a few large and small granules in front of the depression. Cauda very wide and robust; the upper surface smooth, granular only in segment 1 towards the sides; upper crests granular, the terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4; upper lateral crests granular, in segment 5 weak and present only on the anterior half; infero-lateral crests distinct and smooth in segment 1, weakly crenulated in segment 2, granular in segments 3 and 4; infero-median crests obsolete in segment 1, just visible in segment 2, weakly granular in segments 3 and 4; intercarinal spaces smooth, if a few isolated granules be excepted ; basal segment quite smooth below ; fifth segment robust, less than three times as long as broad, its three inferior keels with strong, sharp teeth ; breadth of second segment equalling its length along the upper median line; vesicle granular at the base below. Palps.—All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular, upper surface of humerus sparsely granular, anterior surface with very coarse granules, inferior surface nearly smooth; upper crest and posterior surface of brachium coarsely granular; hands hairy, rather flat above and. coarsely granular; finger-keel moderately strong, granular throughout, secondary keels rather indistinct ; hands moderately wide, the width considerably exceeding the length of hand-back ; inner edge sharply denticulate. Legs with the lower edge of all the femora coarsely granular ; tarsi of fourth leg with 1-2 external and 5 internal spines below, and 4 on the external terminal lobe ; superior process shorter than the lateral lobes. Operculum transversely oval, considerably broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally. Pectines with 15-16 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about one-fourth of its length. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 101; greatest length of carapace 154; width of carapace 14; distance of eyes from anterior median edge 104; width of hand 11; length of hand-back 9, of movable finger 164, of tail 58; width of first caudal segment 4, of fifth caudal segment 5. Locality.—A single specimen labelled ‘ Calvinia” (P. Percival). 28 Annals of the South African Museum. This species is easily distinguished from O. granifrons, which it resembles, by the smoothness of the ventral surface of the last abdominal and first caudal segment and by the stoutness of the tail. In the male of O. granifrons the fifth caudal segment is more than 34 times as long as broad, and the second caudal segment is considerably narrower than its own length on the upper median line. Further, in O. granifrons the tarsus of the fourth leg has no external spine below and only three on the external terminal lobe. Gren. PARABUTHUS Pocock. PARABUTHUS CALVUS, D. sp. Plate IV., fig. 7. Male (recently killed, in alcohol). Colour ochraceous, the legs and palps paler than the trunk; the median eye-tubercle blackened. Carapace wider than long, much narrowed anteriorly, the anterior width being only one-half the posterior width ; median groove wide, almost smooth, except near the anterior margin of frons, where it is granular; sides of the carapace with several transverse depressions, which are almost smooth ; median eye-tubercle situated in front of the middle of carapace, quite smooth, as is also a broad band ex- tending on each side from this tubercle obliquely forwards nearly as far as the lateral eyes; rest of the carapace finely granular, the interocular area with coarser granulation ; carapace with a few hairs on anterior edge, but with no trace of hairs or crests on the upper surface. Terga.—The segments finely granular in the posterior, roughened in the anterior part; the anterior six with a median keel; the seventh with four granular crests, its upper surface smooth at the sides, densely and finely granular (shagreened) on the shallow median depression. Sterna smooth and polished, with traces of fine granulation at the extreme lateral borders; the last segment with four obsolete keels, entirely smooth. Cauda very stout, the first three segments of equal width, as wide as the breadth of the carapace across the median eyes, the fourth segment narrower than the preceding ones, the fifth narrower than the fourth; first two caudal segments flattened above, with a shallow, elongate depression in the middle, which is shagreened in the same manner as that on the last tergal segment, the upper surface at the anterior edge of the depression projecting forwards New South African Scorpions. 29 step-like and then suddenly descending perpendicularly ; segments 3-5 convex from before backwards, but concave from side to side, only the third being provided with a small patch of shagreened surface in the middle; first three caudal segments with ten keels, the three upper pairs of keels weakly granular, but equally developed in each segment (the uppermost parallel, not converging behind), the two inferior pairs smooth in segment 1, weakly granular in segment 2, and more coarsely granular in segment 3, these three segments smooth and polished between the keels; fourth caudal segment with the uppermost crests weakly granular and all the other crests practically or quite obsolete, its whole surface, with the exception of a very few low remote granules smooth and polished ; fifth caudal segment with the uppermost crests practically obsolete and represented only by a few weak granules, the inferior lateral crests obsolete anteriorly, represented posteriorly by 3 coarse granules followed by 2 large teeth ; upper and lateral surfaces of fifth segment smooth and polished, the inferior surface with a few granules along the middle and 3-4 similar ones scattered on each side, otherwise also smooth and polished ; vesicle with several rows of granules on the lower surface. Palps.—Superior and anterior surface of humerus roughened, with parallel edges, bordered by a row of granules, the anterior surface with two irregular series of coarse conical granules; brachium scarcely roughened on the surface, the front edge with a few sranules distributed along its length and a large tooth at the base ; front and hind edges of brachium nearly parallel, only slightly con- verging distally; hand long and slender, much thinner than the brachium (when viewed from above); fingers long, incurved, the movable one two and a half times as long as the hand-back. Legs with a row of granules along the upper and lower edges of femora, otherwise almost smooth. Pectines shorter than the carapace, with 25-26 teeth, the pos- terior basal angle of the scape produced into a broad prominent lobe. Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 63; length of cara- pace 7; width of carapace 8; distance of eyes from anterior edge 3; length of humerus (along upper side) 54, of brachium 64, of hand-back 3, of movable finger 74; width of humerus 14, of brachium (at base of large anterior tooth) 24, of hand 1}; length of tail 38, of first caudal segment 5, of fifth 7; width of first caudal segment 64, of fourth 53, of fifth 54, of vesicle 44; height of first caudal segment 44, of fifth 32, of vesicle 3. A single specimen collected by Mr. Max Schlechter in the Onder Bokkeveld, Bokkeveld Mountains, Calvinia. 30 Annals of the South African Museum. The sex of this specimen is beyond doubt, as the usual pair of chitinous stylets, characteristic of the male, is present, attached to the soft skin at the posterior end of the genital orifice. This species is well characterised by the smoothness and the remarkable thick- ness of the cauda. It comes nearest to P. planicauda, Pocock, the female and male of which have similar palps,* although the movable finger in the latter species is shorter in proportion to the length of the hand-back. The shagreened part of the caudal segments is also similar in both species. The lobe-like basal angle of the scape of the pectines is peculiar, exactly resembling that occurring in the female of planicauda. Synopsis of the Species of OPISTHOPHTHALMUS in the collection of the South African Museum, which have the median groove of the carapace distinctly forked in front and the eye-tubercle situated far behind the middle of the carapace.t a. Under side of the first 4 caudal segments convex, not grooved longitudinally, with the median crests quite obsolete, represented at most by black lines. (The superior process of the tarsi much shorter than the lateral lobes.) a’. External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines; interocular area of cara- pace nearly smooth, the granules bordering it only slightly coarser than the rest. Little Bushmanland.. .. .. .. & 20. schlechteri, n. sp. bt, External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines ; interocular area granular on the anterior half, bordered on each side by a strip of coarser granules. a’. Entirely black ; lower surface of abdomen and of first 3 caudal segments smooth and polished, that of 4th caudal segment somewhat roughened ; terminal tarsus of 4th leg with 1 external spine below. Namaqua- [nol CCAR eC CMCOMECMMAS GOT od She 65” 46 hOB ulsine So Is) . Ochraceous to brown, the abdomen darker; lower surface of last abdominal and of first 4 caudal segments densely and finely granular in the ¢, smooth in the ¢, except in the 3rd and 4th caudal segments, which are also thickly granular; terminal tarsus of 4th leg with no external spine below. Namaqualand, C.C. ¢ ? O. granicauda, n. sp. b. Under side of the 4th caudal segment with distinct median and lateral keels, the surface distinctly grooved between the keels. a3. Last segment of the sterna always coarsely, though often somewhat weakly granular, at least in the middle; terminal tarsus of 4th leg * The specimens described by Pocock (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), vol. iii., 1889, p. 345) as the male of planicauda belong to another species. + O.fossor with occasionally partially developed fork, O. intermedius, Kraepelin, with incompletely developed fork, and O. latro, Thor. (the last two being unknown to me), are the only species omitted, which may possibly be brought into this category. New South African Scorpions Sil with a single row of spines below (in capensis occasionally with a minute external spine in addition) and with 3-4 spines on the external terminal lobe. a+. Interocular area of carapace smooth or nearly so, not bordered on each side by a strip of coarse granules; sterna coarsely granular in all the segments. (Tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines on the external lobe, superior process shorter than the lobes.) Port Elizabeth * Rf K I-Ie oO) DUCLILS weerac pe b+. Interocular area normally granular or rugoso-granular in the anterior half; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area; the ultimate and often, also, the posterior part of the penultimate segment of the sterna in the ¢, and the posterior 2-5 segments in the adult ¢, granulated. a5, Finger-keel and upper crest of brachium composed of a row of coarse granules; outer part of upper surface of hand coarsely granular; superior process of tarsi shorter than the lateral lobes. (Legs pale ochraceous; external lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines only.) Namaqualand, C. C. o 20. granifrons, Pocock. bs. Finger-keel almost smooth; superior process of tarsus at least as long as the lateral lobes. a°. Legs and interocular area of carapace pale ochraceous (becoming reddish yellow in old spirit specimens) ; ter- minal tooth of upper crests of 2-4. Caudal segments mostly enlarged and spiniform. a7. Upper crest of brachium composed of a row of coarse granules; tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on the exterior terminal lobe. Clanwilliam 3 2 O. leipoldti, n. sp. b7. Upper crest of brachium almost smooth; tarsus of 4th leg with 3-4 spines on the outer lobe. Cape, Stellenbosch .. .. .. o& ?O. capensis, Herbst. b®. Legs (and whole animal) of a rich deep reddish brown colour above, paler below; anterior edge of spiracles straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched back- wards, the space between the edges thus considerably wider at the middle than at the ends of the spiracle ; tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on the external lobe ; terminal tooth of upper caudal crests rarely enlarged. WuloeIN Go a5 5n oo do pe of Obi Rednas, meio. b3, Last segment of the sterna smooth in the middle (sometimes fur- nished in the ¢ of pallidipes with exceedingly minute scattered granules, invisible to the naked eye); terminal tarsus of 4th leg with a double row of spines, viz., 1-3 external and 4-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes. (Superior process of tarsus shorter than the lateral lobes.) * Also Orange Free State (Kraepelin). 32 Annals of the South African Musewn. a®, Interocular area of carapace granular on its anterior half (ORE (and bordered laterally by coarse granules); under side of humerus smooth; pectines of ¢ with about 15 or 16 teeth, the scape rounded at base behind and free of teeth for about two-sevenths of its length. Hand of ¢ stout, coarsely granular above, its breadth much exceeding the length of hand-back. (Crib 55 55 566 50 08 oo bo & ObWlenenpiola, mm, 50. Interocular area smooth (in pallidipes sometimes weakly granular anteriorly) ; under side of humerus coarsely granular; pectines in ¢ with 24-31 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base behind and toothed throughout its length; pectines in ? with 16-22 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about one-fourth to one-sixth of its length; hand of adult ¢ nearly smooth aboye, slender, with very long fingers, the breadth of hand not exceeding the length of hand-back. a’. Sides of the carapace abruptly deflected and very steep, very coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the in- terocular area. Namaqualand, van Rhijnsdorp, Clanwilliam, Calvinia, and Piquetberg Divisions Lic gies ose Re $ 2 O. pallidipes, C. L. Koch. 6°. Sides of the carapace gradually and not very much deflected, with no coarse granulation bordering the interocular area. Namaqualand, C.C. .. .. .. ‘& 2 O. peringueyi, n. sp. Ann. S.Atr. Mus. Vol.1. Pl. I. Lue 7 omer tly A in| = aR Linh fo pean. af petted ay ian West, Newman lith. pies Ie Opisthopthalmus karrooensis. Q (nat svxe.) Ann. 5. Afr. Mus. Vol. 1 Pit mist 77| Liotta tt y ti 72] bo > 77] il oe Es Ce £4 ve ifiriitys 7 aren I 3| 2] iri] emer Jyrurtii ry | | 3 Li} 4] “naam aT atin ic. tit) fu West,Newman lith. fig. 2. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis, o (nat size ) Gv, Pg o. U. tlavescens, 9 (nat size.) Avorn, Sede) Maas, Vol, 1. PI: Dot nin tht 1 thd fal 0 | = zl “fy ae gia = ae Ss = | wie z poy ae | = ‘ye Ee == rj =| eI | 3 al PS = J I 4 JB ie 3 phwrhin ta im 2| arena 1\C ML. a) =a Sitti 1 cm. Dear Ea West, Newman lth Fig 4. Opisthophalmus fossor, g (nat size.) Fig. 4a. palp. of ad. d (nat svxe,) Fig. 51,0) lerpoldt.. (nat suze.) Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol.I. Pl. IV. Each biti: ulti 5 West, Newman lith 2 = F \ TL! = fi } | = = =e: 1 El = tig oO. Oni thophthalmus l1aAULCaAUGa. O | NAL suze, } — es = = Pig i Earaouenws alwmuis. & {na e,.] (33 ) II.—Description of some New or Little Known South African Mutillide in the Collection of the South African Museum. —By L. Périnevsy, Assistant Director. THE number of described South African species, exclusive of two which are in synonymy, and one the identity of which is dubious, is 49. Twenty-three of these are represented in the Cabinet. I am now giving the description of 87 more, which I have reason to believe have not been described hitherto, with perhaps the exception of 2, the description of which I have not been able to procure. So far as is now known the recorded South African species exceed by 12 the Mutillidee of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. The two sexes of 9 species only out of 139 are ascertained ; it is, however, probable that 20 males described singly by different authors, myself included, will prove to be identical with females already known. Bingham describes both sexes of 5 species only in his ‘ Fauna of British India,’ London, 1897, out of 120 species known to occur there. This goes to prove that it is not only in South Africa that little attention or observation has been paid to that family of Hymenoptera. In South Africa the sexes of the following species are now known with certainty : Mutilla thyone, Pér., bred from the cocoons of a Clythrid beetle by Dr. H. Brauns. M. sycorax, Sm., bred by myself from the mud-nests of Pelopeus spirifex. M. capicola, Pér., caught im copula by myself. M. galanthis, Pér., caught in copula by myself. M. capensis, Sauss., caught in copuld by myself. M. purpurata, Sm., caught i copula by Dr. H. Brauns. 3 34 Annals of the South African Museum. M. speculatriz, Sm., caught a copuld by Dr. Purcell, Mr. R. Lightfoot, and myself. M. helle, Pér., both sexes found drowned in a pool of water, still adhering to one another. M. aglaéa, Peér., bred by Dr. H. Brauns from the nest of a Ceratina. It is also most probable that Mutilla angulata, Sm., is the male of M. horrida, Sm., and that the males of M. tecmessa and M. agave are what I believe them to be, but I have some doubt as to the identity of the male of M. themis, although both sexes were sent to me as having been caught in coiti; M. exaltata, Sm., might also prove to be the male of IM. alcyone, Pér. It is difficult to estimate the number of South African species, but I think that it will be probably double the one now known. Dr. H. Brauns, who is one of the few entomologists who have paid special attention in South Africa to the collecting of the Order, has collected in the vicinity of Port Elizabeth no less than 45 species. In my rare collecting trips I have found an abundance of them on the edge of the Karroo, while Namaqualand, Damaraland, and neighbouring territories, have not yet been searched systematically for that special group of parasitic insects. In spite of their great resemblance all the world over, there is a difference in the general appearance and colouring of the forms from the western parts of South Africa and from the eastern ones ; that difference is not so well marked as in other Orders, but yet it is noticeable, and will doubtless be more apparent when more species have been collected. For facilitating the identification I have divided the species in different groups according to the disposition or absence of the abdominal bands or spots. This arrangement may prove to be only provisional, but I have found it so far to fail less egregiously than the others I have attempted. Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 35 OrveEr HYMENOPTERA. TrBE FOSSORES. Famiry MUTILLIDA. Gen. APTEROGYNA, Latreille, Gen. Crust. & Insect., iv., 1809, p. 121. Synopsis of Species. ? Head, thorax, legs, and basal segments of abdomen pale testaceous 30 Go Go 50, 60 95 90) ou 60 05 99 55) VeereNee ? Posterior part of the head, thorax, and first abdominal segment testaceous red; legsfuscous .. .. .. .. .. «.. A. clymene. ¢ Black, with the two basal abdominal segments, the an- tenne and legs red 55. 09 90 90 90 190 “40 99 50a en AS GpOoaHOMaNeR ‘ APTEROGYNA CYBELE. Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, first abdominal segment and legs testaceous red, the other abdominal segments black ; the whole body is clothed with long pale hairs; head striolate in the centre and clothed besides the hairs with a very short, silky pubescence ; prothorax subparallel laterally and separated from the mesothorax by a very distinct transverse groove, mesothorax hexagonal, meta- thorax sloping, the posterior part with a sharp ridge, emarginate in the middle; first abdominal segment very rugose, the second, third, and sixth distinctly striolate, the fourth and fifth smooth ; the third, fourth, and fifth have a narrow margin of moderately dense, silky, whitish hairs ; ventral carina of the basal segment very short and dentiform. Length 6-12 mm. Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Namaqualand). Allied to A. savignyt from Egypt. APTEROGYNA CLIMENE. Female.—Resembles very much A. cybele, but the colour of the thorax and first abdominal segment is redder ; the head is infuscate 36 Annals of the South African Museum. laterally and in front and is occasionally quite black; the legs are black, or piceous black, and the sculpture of the thorax and abdomen consists of deeper punctures, and in the latter the striolation is more distinct and the intervals are almost longitudinal on the second and third segments. Length 6-13 mm. Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Namaqualand, Port Elizabeth). Like the preceding one, this species varies much in size, and in the larger examples the punctures and the striolation are much more striking. The large examples resemble A. muwtilloides from India. APTEROGYNA MNEMOSINA. Male.—Head, thorax, and the four apical abdominal segments black ; metathorax with a ferruginous patch above the posterior declivity ; first and second joints of abdomen red; antenne and legs testaceous red ; the whole body clothed with short, very dense greyish hairs ; head small, thickly pubescent, eyes not emarginate ; thorax roughly punctured, metathorax with two median grooves diverging from the apex to the base, scutellum much raised, pos- terior declivity truncate ; abdomen closely punctured, second seg- ment narrowly grooved from base to apex in the middle, third segment also with a narrow shallow median line, and fringed with a greyish dense pubescence, the other apical three segments clothed with the same pubescence which has a silky, whitish sheen laterally ; wings hyaline with the nervures and the stigma brown and a sub- apical brown patch reaching from the upper margin to one-third of the width. Length 15 mm. Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay). Size and shape of A. globularia, Fabr., but otherwise coloured ; the antenne are much more filiform, the abdomen is closely pune- tured instead of being striolate, and the second and third segments are not grooved in the dorsal part in A. globularia. Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide 37 Gen. MUTILLA, Linn., Syst. Natur., Ed. 10a, 1758, pp. 3438, 582. (FEMALES AND MALES.) FIRST DIVISION. Synopsis of Species. BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT LONG OR VERY LONG, NODOSE AT APEX. A3.—DoRSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS HAVING APICAL BANDS OF WHITE OR ORANGE HAIRS, BUT NO MEDIAN PATCH ON THE SECOND SEGMENT. a+, First abdominal segment long, petiolate. 63, First abdominal segment banded, bands non-interrupted. ? Thorax subhexagonal, more attenuate from the median part to, the apex than in the anterior part, ferruginous red; head and abdomen black, first segment equal in size in both sexes, intermediate | and posterior tibiz with only one submedian spine ¢ Prothorax and mesothorax red, metathorax black, Siimenaness second abdominal segment without any ventral carina ‘| capicola. a3. First abdominal segment very long. b?. Two basal segments banded. @ Thorax subhexagonal and very much attenuate in the posterior part, median part with a lateral, conical tubercle ; apical band of the second abdominal segment produced in the middle in the shape of a narrow triangle reaching to about one-third of the length; tibiz Wilda CUby iO wo Go go 66 oo 6a oo 66 960 Go oa SURO ? Body entirely black, elongate, thorax similar in shape to that of the preceding species, apical band of first segment interrupted Ibe ra yess Ace Eee Rice see pce arc tae es, yee Se) SUTIN. a’. First abdominal segment very long and slender in the male, moderately long in the female. b'. Three basal segments banded. ¢ Thorax diagonal laterally from the anterior angle to about one- third of the length, outer sides subparallel, basal part nearly as broad) as the apical one; head and abdomen black ; thorax ferruginous red -galanthis. ¢ Whole upper part of the thorax red, metathorax a little | attenuate behind eer Metal Ieee ai simesiers)) | ie isisie Tests A?.—DoRSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH MEDIAN APICAL PATCHES AND BAND. a‘. First abdominal segment very long in the male, subsessile in the female. 38 Annals of the South African Musewn. ¢ Thorax very long, hexagonal, black with a large dorsal reddish patch ; first and second abdominal segments with a small apical white patch, second segment bright red, third segment clothed with a pubescent band hardly interrupted in the centre; tibie with a supra-apical spine .. ? Thorax long, angular laterally; abdomen red with the apex of the second segment, the third and fifth black, third and fourth clothed with a white band, basal one with a central patch .. A'.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITHOUT WHITE BAND OR SPOT. (No female.) (FEMALES AND MALES.) SECOND DIVISION. C’.—BASAL SEGMENT SUBSESSILE OR SESSILE IN THE FEMALE AND IN THE MALE. A°.—No BAND OR SPOT ON THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS. ? Light testaceous, covered with a short, dense flavescent pubescence ; head and apical joints of antenne black; thorax sub- ewrydice. danaé, jocue ER Bere lug id Soc ta ue (gt)! do pel eormBCOeEDES Ino. (ONE IUC. A5.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH BANDS, BUT NO SPOT. a?, The second abdominal segment with an interrupted band. a®. The two basal abdominal segments with a band, non-inter- rupted. (No female.) ? Head with three very distinct ocelli; thorax truncate at apex, much constricted laterally in the middle with the posterior part produced triangularly on each side, disk with a sharp spine at about the scutellary part @ Thorax narrowing from apex to base, where it is one-fourth narrower, anterior angles sharp, outer sides slightly sinuate at about one-fourth of the length and having three sharp and very distinct lateral spines from the median part to the top of the declivity a7. The three basal abdominal segments with a white band, non- interrupted. b?. Bands straight. ? Thorax parallel, not narrower at base than at apex, outer sides with five short teeth, two of which are formed by the anterior and posterior angles, posterior part truncate perpendicu- larly, top of the declivity with a sharp, short tooth on each side and one in the middle, sides serrulate .. ous ? Thorax a little sloping in the anterior part, and diagonally attenuate from the anterior angle to the base, where it is narrowed to about half the width, sides subserrate, not emarginate ; tibiee OUNOSES Ga 06 60 46 oo 60 oc erigone. evadne. althea. alcis. Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 39 ¢ Thorax subhexagonal, median part aculeate, anterior part not incised, or hardly so laterally, posterior part one-third narrower at base than the apex, declivity subtruncate, sides of thorax not serrulate, first abdominal segment subelongate, petiolate; tibice with one or two submedian spines .. e Thorax truncate and serrulate at apex, straight laterally from one-third of the length and tridentate, attenuated from there to the declivity in the shape of a broadly truncate cone, outer sides cari- nate and serrulate to the very base, declivity abrupt.. ? Thorax long, straight laterally, but with the posterior part narrowed but also straight, abdomen oblong, first segment as wide at apex as the base of the second, which is very slightly ampliate inthe middle .. .. ? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel laterally for one-third of the length, and with four short teeth, narrowed from there to the declivity, which is very abrupt, sides serrulate, abdomen pyriform b'. Bands triangular on the first and second segments, ¢ Thorax deeply incised laterally at about one-third of the length, parallel from there to the perpendicular declivity, deeply foveate with the intervals distinctly carinate from apex to base ; head striolate, first basal segment entirely covered by a triangular patch, that of the second segment produced triangularly towards the median part which it does not reach @ Thorax similar in shape to that of I. callirhoé, but not so deeply foveate, and with the intervals also raised but not carinate longitudinally, first basal segment with a narrow apical band ; head with two distinct ocelli ¢ Thorax similar in shape to that of the two preceding species, and similar in sculpture to that of MW. glawce; band on first abdominal segment broadly triangular, that on the second segment produced in a broad triangle, the point of which reaches the median part ; head without ocelli.. a. The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band on third segment interrupted in the middle. (No female.) ie C!.—ABDOMEN SESSILE IN BOTH SEXES. Thorax incised laterally at a short distance from the apex, parallel from there to the declivity which is perpendicular, deeply foveate with the intervals carinate. ¢ Head not quite as broad as the thorax, dark with a small ferruginous round patch on the vertex, pubescent band of abdomen white baucis. latona. aglaé. ilythia. callirhoé. glauce. electra. callisto. 40 Annals of the South African Museum. ? Head broader than the thorax, red with the anterior part black, abdominal bands bright orange .. ¢ Black, with the prothorax and “aneaounaiee cermin aad i oe tegule red; mesothorax with two conspicuous longitudinal grooves ¢ Head extremely large, mandibles very long, and with a long, sharp, incurved tooth on the superior and inferior margin at about the median part; thorax yery sharply angulate in the anterior part, and bisinuate laterally, posterior angle also angular .. .. .. -helle. ¢ Head not so broad as thorax, transverse quadrate; body Pinel with the exception of the metathorax, scutellum, and tegule, which BEOMECs eis Puce oe a5. The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band of the second abdominal segment emarginate in the anterior part, or interrupted in the centre. ? Thorax broadest in the anterior part, incised at about one- fourth of the length, subparallel from there to the posterior declivity; abdominal bands yellow, apical band of the second segment emarginate in the centre Sie) pion cise eis) | oie. Micvau, suave MOCNEIUECE: @ Thorax very sloping diagonally on each side at apex, sub- parallel laterally for two-thirds of the length, and amplated in the posterior part for the remaining third; abdominal bands white, the one on the second segment incised in the middle in the shape of Cy Ngee essa an GO cad jog ~ 40-00. 66) soot “oo cm 06) og om JOOUINUCLIR ? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel or nearly so laterally for half the length, gradually ampliated from there to the declivity which is perpendicular, with the upper margin and the sides distinctly denticulate; central part only of apex of first segment banded, second segment with two nearly coalescent patches in the middle, band on third segment non-interrupted SA ME pin aoe soa! CH a+, Bands on the second and third segments interrupted in the centre. (No female.) a3. The four basal segments of abdomen with non-interrupted bands. ¢ Thorax gradually narrowed from apex to base, very slightly sinuate in the middle, truncate behind with the sides of the: declivity not serrate; tibize non-spinose am do om 60 co Ga. WML a?. The four intermediate abdominal segments with a non-inter- rupted band, basal and apical ones without. ¢ Thorax gradually narrowed laterally from apex to base, where it is less broad by one-fourth, a rounded projection a little before the median part; abdomen pyriform; tibie without spines .. .. melete. ¢ Thorax subparallel, a little broader at base than at apex, not emarginate laterally; abdomen pyriform; tibize spinose.. .. .. ariadna. a. The five basal segments of abdomen with a non-interrupted band. Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 41 ? Thorax with an ante-median, very distinct lateral blunt pro- jection narrowed from there to the declivity, where it is only half as wide as the apex, which is slightly sloping on each side with the angle sharp, sides of the declivity serrulate; bands yellowish, the one on the second segment dilated triangularly in the median part A4.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS BANDED, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A MORE OR LESS OVATE SPOT. a?. The three basal segments banded. Thorax long, subparallel, slightly bisinuate laterally, a little broader at base than at apex; abdomen subpedunculate, bands and spot on the second segment orange-yellow, the spot elongate, median and basal; tibize spinose Thorax long, nearly straight laterally; abdcmen subsessile, oblong, second segment not ampliate, spot ovate, situated near the base, bands and spot white; tibiz without spines Thorax gradually attenuate from apex to base; abdomen slightly subpedunculate, spot on the second segment connected with the band on the first segment; tibize spinose Thorax gradually ampliated laterally to about the median part and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity, which has a conspicuous median tubercle on the upper margin, spot elongate, apical, bands on the second and third segments twice interrupted.. Thorax parallel, spot subbasal, basal segment not banded; tibiz SOUTER 66 va 60 oo ca Oo 0% oo ox Thorax straight laterally but a little narrower at base than at apex, first segment banded, spot elongato-ovate, nearly median ; tibize not spinose .. Thorax gradually ampliated laterally from apex to base, sightly emarginate in the centre, spot central; tibiz not spinose.. Thorax parallel, second segment with an elongato-ovate median patch and a lateral not dense patch on each side of it a. Basal segment with a patch instead of a band, third segment only with an uninterrupted band. Thorax parallel, patch on the second segment round, median A3.—ABDOMEN WITH TWO MEDIAN SPOTS ON SECOND SEGMENT. a3, No band or spot on the first segment. b?. Head not broader than the thorax. ce’. Without antennal tubercles. casstope. onuphale. thyone. leda. anid. ceto. wis. melponene. hecuba. alcyone. d?, Third abdominal segment banded, band not interrupted in the centre. ? Thorax long and slender, sloping on each side at apex, attenu- ated laterally from apex to base, yellowish in the anterior part, black in the posterior, the two spots on second segment set close to one another, flavescent, band on third segment white circe. 42 Annals of the South African Museum. d°. Band interrupted in the centre. ¢ Thorax long and slender, a little attenuate at both ends,, deeply incised laterally towards the median part, both ends of incision tuberculate ee tte $ Black; abdomen with a eee atte leona eels epemapted:: -themis. in the middle on all segments but the first, the bands on second | segment invading it all round, and leaving only one hexagonal, | denuded, central patch ? Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally, siriolates), 3) “se kl SS RS eee ae persepione: Thorax short, truncate at apex, straight laterally, slightly tuber- culate along the upper.edge of thedeclivity.. .. .. .. .. .. calypso. ds. Third and fourth segments banded, bands interrupted in the middle. Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally .. penelope. d+, Two lateral patches on second, third, and fourth segments Thorax ampliated laterally from apex to base and emarginate laterally for half the length, a lateral patch on the third and fourth segments disconnected from the outer margin .. .. .. .. .. thyas. b*. Head broader than the thorax. ct. With antennal tubercles. d3. Bands not interrupted, third abdominal segment banded. Head very large, thorax as broad at base as at apex but sinuate Naiberalll ye sy eeres elles ssc gars neler tosp eeiey poet cots Roveup ero ecm tommnNe UO» Third and fourth abdominal segments banded; head moderately large, rounded behind; thorax with anterior angles projecting, emarginate laterally but as broad at base as at apex .. .. -. -. acrisione. ad. Third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments banded. Head very large, base deeply emarginate ; thorax parallel, short.. obe. Head very large, base not emarginate; thorax moderately long with the anterior angles very sharp and projecting, median part sinuate laterally... “oe, aoteebes Mp Ge) bbe