- 82
PLOveUS! (ElUEMIA) oo. ces orceessaccens
104
PAGE
Iumarisn(Masuta)) seceeenscesseceeercecens 58
ID(SIO, Gonoaecapsccodéenboccoccoso009eqq009000 58
macrobrachion (Palaemon) ......... 74
MacropetaSMa .....52..ss.seccercereress 58
sVinicroterocheltensrteme.ceseeeccrreeeccre. 72
IMG ation 2. scewaiatinecteccsssicasciecerecans 58
megalocheir (Philocheras), pl. Ixxix. 71
monoceros (Metapeneus) ............... 70
monoceros (Penaeopsis) ............066 70
monoceros (Penaeus) ...........0...008 70
aa yASTCObIS) (DYN |DIS) sooccobedosneseocdcooouNone ng
natalensis (Palaemonetes), pl. Ixxxiii. 78
neglectus (Philocheras) ............... 71
Nematocancinidaie) Vveres aescecesrisess 99
INematOCAancINUS “eeeccs-ce-eeeecesceceee 99
mitescens (Athanas) .....0...00...0...00 88
notabilis (Alpheus), pls. Ixxxiv.,
NRSC aie tee eect niscisac cele oreenoece 80
OYE NOBIG) — scodoosdoavanssnoacsgauEcoD0KgG0S 58
Oplophoridaer esses sess scree eerceere see 96
orbicularis (Hymenosoma) ............ 58
orientalis (Scyllarus) ............0+0+0- 63, 65
OLIENtalis) (HENS) hese toss ressere 63, 65
Pal aemoueccescseecesicscssciesecsenetiesecs 73
Pail AeMONeteSH prceccesssceeciseieeseneetnts 77
iPalaemomidaemessescertecescescrsccesioes 72
PAlAeMONOPSISmsdecceseseseatesseeceete ss 77
papyraccus (Paribaccus) ........-..-++ 64
IPAVUDACCUS sasmeeeeeeese sciences cae artic 64
IPAriDACUS) mecmectectseceesecesrtesieesisesiter 64
Damn hae Sieeereneeseceececeretees cece 61, 64
parvidentatus (Nematocarcinus) ... 99
pax (Spirontocaris), pl. ]xxxviii. oil
IRENBCIARE ...eccseessccenesecscereses 66
IRENAEOPSIST.. aseimeaescisess sem ssicese essen 70
PONBEUS, coe ccsescsieiecssschecsscese sae sieccee 69
peringueyi (Leander), pl. Ixxxi.... 75
IP owllkoxel oe aeqnanensosedouessoourssboanoC rdalt
IeIbeAGTSY! gonocpodaccaoseqcoodqcsnca0geacK 57
Roncell aman nceseesclessiselsnaessisiee sista 58
praedator (Alpheus) vnsc..1-2 000s ss00sc 83
o7
Annals of the South African Musewm.
PAGE
prymimies (hal amie eereccessercevcsee 58
punctatus (Cyclograpsus) ............ 58
| purpureus (Acanthephyra) ............ 96
| quoianus (? Leander). ...............+0 72
|| quoianus) (Palaemvon)) fe.sscsrcseesesens 72
sanguinolentus (Lupa)...........6...+6+ 58
| Weyllaridae: Pesweateeccdssscetegenesaoee 61
| Seyllaridéa: Sigzsccacasmeccscsecseeseaeeee 61
lSeyllarides: _ /i.scstcercasscsaeebeescoes 64
eisten Ul: Morse emnmetposddianadooeaddaapnccenconod 62
| semisulcatus (Penaeus) .........c0s00 69
serratus) (heand en) ees-ccesmeacesceecces 75
Smith (Hiriphialiecsssscoscsssaseceessees 58
Solenoceray,. s.cucnsessaseceesnseseecaeet 66
Sollandiia(Palaemon) | Meeressseeeeosnee 74
spinulicauda (Penaeopsis) ..........+. 70
SVOMROMUOYETNS Sa cnonuoodasenoodasec00500 91
squalinus (Leucisca) ............c0008. 58
Gulla ee ecccmcasccsenenmes cone cateeececer 63
SLOCHASMUS) oe ccecee on: jebacnacseKsq9d00a0 100
Sundaicusi (Palaemom) a
hom aa a ; .
| 7 KS . > eo
: i.
ia oe mr): .
-
‘ -
‘
Les
“ .
i ¥. ‘
‘
|
‘
bi
= 7
r
a
i
Pratt XXI. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXV.)
Alpheus notabilis, n. sp.
li. Lower lip.
m. Mandible.
prp. 1. The last three joints of one of the first pair of peraeopods.
prp. 38. The last four joints of the third peraeopod.
prp. 5. The last five joints of the fifth peraeopod.
urp. One of the uropods.
T. The telson.
AS
A
42
on b
2 Ay A
a o
oO
: 2
oO
Oo
o
4
: .
8
Be R
.
ae
Ke
jaa
<
AH
O
Ce
ip]
D)
>
i :
ig Wa a
: SSAA
. g
a QQ
ff a
a &
a ee
E I
a iS
Puate XXII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXVI.)
Alpheus dissodontonotus, n. sp.
car.,n.s. Carapace of the specimen in lateral view, leaning slightly to the right, of
natural size; with the anterior portion, above, greatly enlarged, and, below,
the anterior portion in dorsal view less enlarged.
T. The telson in dorsal view.
a.i. Scale of the second antenna.
m. A mandible from the inner side, with enlargement of the incisor process and
the molar.
mx. 1, mx. 2. The first and second maxillae.
mxp. 2,mxp.3. The second and third maxillipeds, with terminal part of the third’s
little epipod greatly enlarged.
prp. 1, prp. 1. The first peraeopods, the figure on the right representing the large
left cheliped, that on the left the smaller right cheliped.
prp. 2, prp. 3. The second peraeopod and last five joints of the third.
urp. One of the uropods.
The magnification is uniform for all the figures, except the carapace, which is not
magnified, and its anterior portion in lateral view, which agrees with the extra
enlargement of the mandibles, and part of the epipod of the third maxilliped more
enlarged than any other figure.
Crustacea Plate LXXXVI.
Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol. XV. Plate XXII.
Del. LR.B.Stebbing. — West,Newman lith.
ALPHEUS DISSODONTONOTUS, z.sp.
PuatE XXIII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXVII.)
Synalpheus anisocheir, n. sp.
ns. Line indicating natural size of the specimen.
car. Front of carapace.
T. Telson in dorsal view.
a.s.,a.i. [First antenna, with one of the flagella not quite complete; second antenna
without the flagellum.
m.,m. One of the mandibles on the left of the plate, on the right its incisor process
more highly magnified.
mx. 1. First maxilla, with higher magnification of the palp.
mxp. 3. Two terminal joints of the third maxilliped.
prp. 1, prp. 1, prp. 1, n.s., prp. 1, n.s. The fingers of the larger cheliped, and last
four joints of the smaller cheliped, and the last four joints of each
represented of the natural size.
prps. 2, 4,5. Second, fourth, and fifth peraeopods without the basal joints.
urp. One of the uropods.
Plate XXIII.
Crustacea Plate LXXXVII.
Ann.S.Afr.Mus. Vol. XV.
ie
pele
*
is
x a
<{ 6th.
First uropod, upper (outer) and inner margins of peduncle with
short, equidistant spines, rami shorter than peduncle, equal, unarmed.
Second uropod, peduncle equal to rami of Ist uropod, margins
spinose, rami a little shorter than peduncle, equal, unarmed.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 151
Third uropod, peduncle equal to half the length of 2nd uropod,
margins unarmed, rami longer than peduncle, inner a little shorter
than outer, both unarmed.
Length: 8 mm.; depth at 4th side-plate, 5°5 min.
Colour. In spirit, pale brown.
Locality: Cape Point E. by N., distant 29 miles. 250 fathoms.
21 (¢ 6 and ovigerous 9? 9); Cape Point N. 81° E., distant
32 miles. 460 fathoms. 4. s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” 27/8/03 and
20/8/03. (S.A.M. Nos. A143 and A144.)
STEGOCEPHALOIDES ATTINGENS Nl. sp.
(Plate XXVI. Fig. 5.)
Very close to S. auratus (G. O. Sars), but differing in the following
respects: postero-lateral angles of pleon segment 3 not serrate ; side-
plate 4 more evenly curved with the inferior margin shorter; side-
plate 6 evenly narrowed ; accessory flagellum of Ist antenna scarcely
half, sometimes only 4, length of Ist flagellar joint ; peraeopod 5 with
2nd joint less strongly serrate on hind margin, apex less acute, 6th
scarcely less than 4th and 5th together.
Length: 8 mm.; depth across side-plate 4, 3 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish or yellowish.
Locality: Cape Pomt NE., distant 40 miles. 560-700 fathoms.
9 (some ovigerous ? 2); Cape Point NE. by E., distant 36 miles.
650 fathoms. 1 ¢. 3 ovigerous 2? 2. s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure.” 17/9/03
and 15/7/03. (S.A.M. Nos. A2766 and A2782.)
Differs from the preceding species in having the tooth at apex of the
lobe of lower lip linear (as in Sars’ figure of Stegocephalus inflatus l.c.
pl. 69) instead of triangular; as well as in the more obvious features
of the 4th side-plate and 2nd joint of the 5th peraeopod.
Gren. PARANDANIA Stebbing.
1899. Parandania Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 4,
p. 206.
1906. S id. Das Tierreich 21, p. 95.
PARANDANIA BOECKI Stebbing.
1888. Andania boecki Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 735, pl. 36.
1893. Stegocephalus boecki Della Valle, F. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 628,
pl. 59, fig. 36.
1899. Parandania % Stebbing, l.c. p. 206.
132 Annals of the South African Museum.
1906. Parandania boecki, id. 1.c. p. 95, figs. 19, 20.
1909. a2 , Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser.,
zool., vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 380.
The South African specimens call for no remarks except that: the
second maxilla has only 1 seta in the middle of the outer margin of
the outer plate, the 2nd and 3rd pleon segments are without spines
along the inferior margin. The rami of Ist and 2nd uropods as in
the typical Challenger specimen, though the spines appear to be less
numerous, as far as can be judged, since only their scars remain ;
outer margin of outer ramus of Ist and 2nd uropods searcely or not
at all serrulate.
Length: 21 mm.
Colour: In spirit, transparent pinkish.
Locality: Buffalo River NW. by N., distant 21 miles (off Hast
London). 490 fathoms. 1 ovigerous 2 ; Cape Poimt NE. by E.,
distant 36 miles. 650 fathoms. 1 juv. s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure.” 23/4/01
and 15/7/03. (S.A.M. Nos. A139 and A2783.)
Geogr. Distribution: Off Pernambuco, 675 fathoms (Stebbing) ;
8° 16’ S., 51° 26’ E., and NW. of Desroche’s Atoll, Indian Ocean,
0-900 fathoms (Walker).
Famity AMPELISCIDAE
1882. Ampeliscidae G. O. Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian. no. 18, p. 29.
1906. 5 Stebbing, Das ‘Tierreich 21, pp. 97, 721.
(References. )
1913. - id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 450. (References.)
Gen. AmpELisca Kroyer.
1842. Ampelisca Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. vol. 4, p. 154.
1906. P Stebbing, l.c. pp. 98, 721. (References. )
1910. 5 id. lc. p. 450.
1912. a Chevreux, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. 1912, p. 210.
AMPELISCA BREVICORNIS Costa.
1853. Araneops brevicornis Casta, Rend. Soc. Bourb, n.s., vol. 2,
Pada:
1904, Ampelisca aes Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 253.
1908. a 5 Stebbing, 8.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 70.
LOO: > 53 id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 450.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 153
Stebbing has remarked on the large size to which South African
specimens grow, in comparison with specimens of the same species
from other localities. Thus a 4 specimen of this species from
“Fresh” (error = False) Bay measures, according to Stebbing,
17 mm.
Another specimen from the “ Pieter Faure” collection (Cape St.
Blaize N. 42° E., distant 11 miles. 10/6/98. S.A.M. No. A151)
surpasses this, attaining a length of 21 mm. It is an ovigerous 2,
and agrees with Stebbing’s ¢ specimen, although both specimens
have the rami of 3rd uropod much broader and the apices more
rounded than in Sars’ figures.
AMPELISCA DIADEMA (Costa).
1853. Araneops diadema Costa, Rend. Soc. Bourb. n.s., vol. 2, p. 171.
1862. Ampelisca gaimardii (part) Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus., p. 91.
1867. rs diadema Costa, Ann. Mus. Napoli. vol. 4, p. 46.
WBZ. 2 assimilis Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian. 1870, p. 222.
1891. Pe - G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 168, pl. 58,
fio, 2.
1893. : diadema Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 479,
pl. 4, fig. 2, pl. 37, figs. 19, 20, 22-28,
30-88, pl. 38, figs.$2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14,
15, pl. 40, figs. 39, 40, pl, 41, fig. 23,
pl. 44, figs. 4, 8, 9,11, pl. 45, figs. 17,
18, pl. 46, figs. 4-6, pl. 47, fig. 29,
pl. 48, fig. 19.
1906. Bs “3 Stebbing, l.c. p. 107.
1910. i * Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 28,
p. lst.
Agrees with the descriptions and figures of Sars and Della Valle,
except for the following differences: postero-inferior angle of 3rd
pleon segment in ¢ as figured for ? by Sars, in ? somewhat more
quadrate; telson in with only 3 marginal setae (in ¢ broken) ;
flagellum of Ist antenna 35-jointed in ¢, 20 in ? ; ventral hooks on
peraeon segment 7 very large and prominent, those on segments 9 and
6 small.
Length : 8 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Kalk Bay (False Bay). 1897. (Dr. W.{F. Purcell).
1 specimen at low tide; Port Shepstone WNW., distant 2} miles
134 Annals of the South African Museum.
(Natal). 24 fathoms. 1 ¢,2 992. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 15/3/01.
(S.A.M. Nos. 1295 and A158.)
Geogr. Distribution : Mediterranean (Costa, Della Valle, Chevreux) ;
west and south coasts of Norway (Sars); west coast of France
(Chevreux) ; Great Britain (Norman).
AMPELISCA MIOPS N. Sp.
(Plate XXVI. Fig. 6.)
Head longer than first two peraeon segments together, transversely
truncate. Eyes, one on each side situate on the margin below the
antero-lateral angle, cornea thickened, conspicuous but not large, with
(faded) red pigment behind it. Side-plate 1 concealing base of 2nd
antenna, 1-3 each with a tooth at postero-inferior angle, inferior
margin not strongly convex, 4 with postero-inferior angle rounded,
depth scarcely 13 times the greatest length. Posterior margin of 3rd
pleon segment sinuate above the acute moderately produced postero-
inferior angle (cf. A. eschrichti Kroyer). Keel on 4th pleon segment
ending acutely, but not greatly raised above 5th segment.
Telson with bifid apices, the inner poimt projecting a good way
beyond the outer, 2 unequal setules in the notch, 1-3 fine setules
down the middle of the dorsal surface.
First antenna } length of body, 2nd joint twice length of Ist,
flagellum a little longer than peduncle, ca. 24-jointed.
Second antenna lost.
Upper lip broader than long, the rounded distal margin with a
small shallow notch, setulose.
Lower lip, lobes short and broad, apices rounded truncate.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 5-dentate, secondary cutting-edge 4-dentate
in left, 3 in right, spine-row with 5 spines in left, 4 in right, 2nd joint
of palp almost linear, but slightly enlarged in basal half, 3rd joint
half length of 2nd.
First maxilla, inner plate with 2 apical setae, outer plate with
11 spines, palp large, apex truncate, cut into 3 teeth and armed with
4 spines and several setae.
Second maxilla, outer plate narrower than inner, distally rather
broader than proximally.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 1 apical spine and several plumose
setae, outer plate reaching to end of the long 5rd joint of palp, inner
margin with 11 ovate spines, passing distally into ordinary plumose
setae, 4th joint not produced apically beyond insertion of 5th joint.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 135
First gnathopod, 6th joint 3 length of 5th, both joiuts linear,
densely setose but without special armature.
Second gnathopod similar, but longer and more slender.
First peraeopod, 4th joint linear, not expanded or produced, 6th
twice length of 5th and not quite half 4th, finger longer than 5th and
6th together.
Second peraeopod similar, but 4th joint slightly expanded (elongate-
ovate), not produced, strongly setose.
Third peraeopod, hind margin of 2nd joint with a strong lobe-like
expansion, anterior apex of 4th and 5th each with one long spine-seta,
posterior apex of 5th with 2 long unequal spines, anterior margin of
5th with regularly spaced setae, posterior margin with 4 short stout
spines, 5th a little longer than 3rd and 4th together, 6th shorter than
5th but longer than 4th.
Fourth peraeopod, posterior margin of 2nd joint evenly curved, 5th
as in 3rd peraeopod, but anterior margin with 6 large and several
smaller spines, anterior apex with 3 spines, posterior apex with 3 long
and 2 short spines, 6th as in 3rd peraeopod.
Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint evenly expanding distally, distal margin
nearly transversely truncate, posterior apical angle rounded, reaching
to end of 3rd, which is twice length of 4th, 4th not expanded, but
anterior apex shortly produced, 5th subequal to 4th, anterior apex
very shortly produced, 6th nearly equal to 3rd and 4th together, oval,
twice as long as broad, with 2 short spines on anterior apex, 7th equal
in length to width of 6th, ovate, tapering rather rapidly to a fine point.
First uropod, peduncle and rami subequal, upper margin of peduncle
spimose.
Second uropod stouter, peduncle longer than rami, upper margin
with 3 pairs of spines, apex with a group of 3 spines, outer ramus a
little shorter than inner, inner margin with 4 spines and a long spine
near the apex, inner ramus with both margins spinose.
Third uropods, peduncle with 1 spine on middle of inner margin,
rami subequal, lanceolate, outer with both margins setose, the setae
on inner margin springing from rather deep inlets, inner ramus
broader, inner margin with small spinules and a tuft of setae on apex.
Length ; 12 mm.
Colour ; In spirit, yellowish.
Locality : Umhloti River mouth N. by W. ;
to|h
W., distant 83 miles.
40 fathoms. 1 (?) 9. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 18/12/00. (S.A.M.
No, A2762.)
The single pair of eyes, 3rd pleon segment and telson serve to
distinguish this species.
136 Annals of the South African Museum.
AMPELISCA PALMATA 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 30, 31.)
Head equal to first three peraeon segments together, nearly trans-
versely truncate. Corneal lens distinct, small, the lower near the
antero-lateral angle. Side-plate 1 large, nearly concealing base of
2nd antenna, inferior margin of 1-3 moderately convex, the tooth at
postero-inferior angle large. Pleon segment 3: with postero-inferior
anele quadrate, scarcely produced, segment 4 with a low keel not
stronyly raised above segment 5, apex subacute, no indent at base.
Telson with 3 apical and 4 marginal spines in 2 (A2760); in the
other 2 2 (A2747) the marginal spines are extremely reduced or even
absent ; in the ¢ only the apical spines present.
First antenna extending well beyond peduncle of 2nd antenna, its
peduncle reaching end of penultimate joint of peduncle of 2nd antenna,
2nd joint longer than Ist, flagellum much longer than peduncle, ca.
26-jointed.
Second antenna reaching to end of 2nd pleon segment, ultimate and
penultimate joints equal, flagellum longer than peduncle, ca. 34-
jointed.
Mandible, 2nd joint of palp oval, 2 or 3 times as long as broad, 3rd
joint slender, $ length of 2nd.
Maxilliped, outer plate with 10 narrow-lanceolate spine-teeth on
inner margin, 3rd joint of palp broadly oval, but not extended beyond
insertion of 4th.
First gnathopod, 6th joint a little longer and broader than 5th,
palm well defined, a little oblique, shorter than hind margin, with
setae and several large spines decreasing in size towards hinge, finger
matching palm, inner margin spinose.
Second gnathopod, 5th joint 3 length of 6th, both narrow linear.
First and second peraeopods, 4th joint not apically produced, 7th
longer than 5th and 6th together.
Third peraeopod, front margin of 2nd joint irregularly setose and
spinose, posterior apex of 5th with 1 spine nearly as long as, and
1 half as long as 6th, both spines apically serrate, anterior apex with
2 setae (1 very long), posterior margin of 6th with 5 spines, anterior
margin with 5 spinules on proximal half, the distal half with setae
becoming longer towards the apex, which is prominently produced
beyond the insertion of the 7th.
Fourth peraeopod, anterior margin of 5th joint irregularly spinulose,
posterior apex with several long serrate spines, anterior margin of 6th
spinose, apex with long setae, hind margin with 2 spines on distal half.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 137
Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint obliquely truncate, inferior angle rounded
and reaching to end of 3rd, 3rd longer than 4th, anterior apex bevelled
off, with 5 spinules, 4th narrowly produced half way along the anterior
margin of 5th, 5th longer than 4th, 6th equal to 4th and 5th together,
7th equal to 6th, tapering gradually.
First uropod, rami subequal, longer than peduncle, margins of
peduncle sparsely spinose, inner ramus closely spinose, outer unarmed.
Second uropod, rami subequal, shorter than peduncle, both margins
of peduncle and both rami spinose.
Third uropod, peduncle with 2 spines on inner margin, rami
elongate-lanceolate, outer quite slender, confronted margins feebly
setose.
Length: 14 mm. and 10 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Umhloti River mouth NW. 4 W., distant 15 miles
(Natal). 100 fathoms. 1 ovigerous 2 and 1 young; Beacon EK. of
East London N. + E., distant 10 miles. 52 fathoms. ¢ 6 and
ovigerous ? 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 19/12/00 and 12/7/01. (S.A.M.
Nos. A2760 and A2747.)
This species 1s very near A. spinipes Boeck, but differs in the 3rd
and 4th pleon segments and the 1st gnathopod.
AMPELISCA NATALENSIS 0. sp.
(Plate XXVI. Fig. 7.)
Except for the serrate outer ramus of 3rd uropods these specimens
are very near to the figures of A. serraticaudata Chevreux. Della
Valle in 1893 unites serraticaudata with rubella Costa, and in 1900
Chevreux (Rés. Camp. Monaco vol. 16, p. 44) adopts this synonymy.
But Chevreux’s figure of the 2nd joint of 5th peraeopod of his species
is utterly different from Della Valle’s figure of that of rubella. There
is also a difference in the eyes, the corneal lens being apparently
present in serraticaudata, but absent in rubella.
As there still remains some doubt, therefore, with regard to
Chevreux’s species, I consider it best to institute a new one for the
present specimens.
Corneal lens distinct, small, the lower in the antero-inferior angles
of head, 4th pleon segment slightly indented basally, keel rising
gradually, its upper margin straight, posterior end rectangular,
postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon segment with a slightly produced
point.
10
158 Annals of the South African Museum.
Telson not long, only 1 seta on each apex, which is slightly bifid,
the inner point projecting, surface without setae.
First antenna reaching well beyond peduncle of 2nd antenna,
peduncle not reaching to end of penultimate peduncular joint of 2nd
antenna.
Mandibular palp with 2nd joint strongly laminar, twice as long as
broad. .
Maxilliped with all the spine-setae on inner margin of outer plate
linear.
First gnathopod, 6th joint oval, a little shorter than 5th.
First and second peraeopods, 7th joint a trifle longer than 5th and
6th together.
Fifth peraeopod, 3rd joint equal to 4th and 5th together, 6th equal
to 3rd, ovate, 7th shorter than 6th; 2nd joint very distinctive, very
obliquely bevelled off from postero-inferior angle, which reaches end
of 3rd, this oblique portion of the margin slightly concave.
Third uropod, peduncle with 1-2 spines on inner margin, outer
ramus narrow, inner lanceolate, some long setae on the opposed
margins.
Length: 8 and 10 mm. respectively.
Colour : In spirit, whitish or pinkish.
Locality: Umhloti River mouth NW. } W., distant 15 miles
(Natal). 100 fathoms. 2 specimens; Port Shepstone WNW.,
distant 24 miles (Natal). 24 fathoms. 1 specimen. s.s. “ Pieter
Faure.” 19/12/00 and 15/3/01. (S.A.M. Nos. A2763 and A2954.)
Owing to insufficient or badly preserved material it is impossible to
assign names to the following:
AmpeELisca sp. ¥ No. 1.
Three specimens from the s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure” collection (Umhloti
River mouth N. by W. 3 W., distant 8 miles (Natal). 40 fathoms.
18/12/00). The absence of ovigerous ? 2 leaves it uncertain whether
these are mature or not.
While agreeing in general with A. brevicornis, the head has a
gibbous profile, the postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon segment
resembles that of A. californica Holmes, and the crest on the 4th
pleon segment is like that figured for the ? of A. gibba by G. O. Sirs.
Peduncle of 2nd antennae fringed above with little tufts of setae.
Second joint of mandibular palp thrice as long as wide, 3rd joint
not quite as long and more slender:
Peraeopods 1, 2 and 5, like those of A. brevicoriis.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 139
The rami of third uropod broadly ovate, 2} times as long as wide,
apices rounded (cf. those of A. pacifica Holmes).
Length: 10mm. (S8.A.M. No. A159.)
AmpeE.tisca sp. ? No. 2.
This specimen (Beacon E. of East London N. | E., distant 10 miles.
52 fathoms. s.s._‘‘ Pieter Faure.” 12/7/01.) differs from length of 6th.
Fourth peraepod, 2nd joint similar to 3rd but broader basally and
narrowing evenly, posterior apex with 4—5 indents, 5th longer than 4th,
6th longer than 5th, 7th stout, scarcely } length of 6th.
Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint pear-shaped, narrowing very rapidly,
posterior apex produced in a small oval lobe to half way along 3rd,
without indents, 4th and 5th subequal, 6th longer, 7th 4 6th.
Uropods without special features, outer ramus of 2nd shorter than
inner.
Length: Up to 11 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Cape Point E. by N., distant 29 miles. 250-300 fathoms.
11 specimens of various sizes. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 27/8/03. (S.A.M.
No. A220.)
Famiry ATYLIDAHE.
1832. Atylidae G. O. Sars, Fort. Selsk. Christian. no. 18, p. 26.
1906. e Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 327.
1910. 7 id. Gen. Cat. S. A. Crust. p. 455.
Gren. NOTOTROPIS Costa.
1853. Nototropis Costa, Rend. Soc. Borb. n.s. vol. 2, pp. 170, 173.
1906. ¥ Stebbing, Le. pp. 329, 728.
1910. is id. lc. p. 455.
Nororropis GRANULOSA (Walker).
1904. Paratylus granulosus Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 265.
1906. Nototropis es Stebbing, Le. p. 728.
The single specimen I have assigned to Walker’s species, although
the granules are not at all well marked.
174 Annals of the South African Museum.
Moreover, although Walker states that his species closely resembles
N. vedlomensis (Bate and Westw.), he does not specifically mention
the branchial lamellae. The South African specimen is indistinguish-
able from vedlomensis except in respect to this latter poimt: the
branchial lamellae namely are pleated. I rather suspect that a
re-examination of Ceylon specimens of granulosa would reveal the
presence of pleated lamellae and confirm the specific identity of the
Ceylon and Natal specimens and their distinctness from the European
vedlomensis.
Length: 7 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish.
Locality: Umkomaas River mouth, NW. by W. 2 W.,. distant
5 miles (Natal). 40 fathoms. 1 nonovigerous 2. s.s. ‘ Pieter
Faure.” 31/12/00. (S.A.M. No. A223.)
Faminy KUSIRIDAE.
1888. Husiridae Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 953.
1893. af G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 414.
1900. ag Chevreux, Res. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16, p. 65.
1906. of Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 338, 728.
1907. Walker, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, pp. 4, 30.
038) aa Chevreux, Bull. Inst. océan. Monaco, no. 121, p. 1.
1910. hs Sexton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, pt. 4, p. 848.
Gen. EUSIROIDES Stebbing.
1888. Husiroides Stebbing, Lec. p. 969.
1893. a G. O. Sars, Le. p. 414.
18938. Bs Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 671.
1906. - Stebbing, l.c. p. 545.
1909. A Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. Zool. vol. 12,
pt. 4, p. 335.
EUSIROIDES MONOCULOIDES (Haswell).
1880. Atylus monoculoides Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
P20, Plus, tig. 4:
1888. Husiroides caesaris Stebbing, l.c. p. 970, pl. 88.
1888. ne pomperi id. ibid. p. 974, pl. 89.
1898. - monoculoides Della Valle, l.c. p. 674.
1906. ” ” Stebbing, Le. Pp: 345.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 175
1907. Eusiroides monoculoides Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol.
20, p. 478.
1910. oe re Stebbing, Sci. Res. ‘‘ Thetis,” pt. 12,
p- 095.
These specimens present no peculiar features, except that the pleon
segments are without a dorsal median tooth; the telsonic apex and
the palms of the lst and 2nd gnathopods resemble in some specimens
Stebbing’s figures of E. caesaris, in others those of EH. pompeii. The
caleeoli on the antennae are less numerous, and on the large Sea Point
specimen absent altogether.
Length: 14 mm., specimen from Sea Point 24 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish, eyes claret. A specimen picked up
on the beach at Sea Point was very nearly dead, and was when found
salmon in colour with a large bright red subcircular medio-dorsal
patch on each of peraeon segments 4 to 7 and pleon segments | to 3,
surrounded by a lighter ring. In spirit this coloration faded to a
uniform white, the eyes dark brown.
Locality: Umhlangakulu River mouth NW. by N., distant 7 miles
(Natal). 50 fathoms. 3. 14/3/01; Sandy Point N. ¢ E., distant
10 miles (near Cape Morgan). 93 fathoms. 3. 14/8/01; Glendower
Beacon N. ! W., distant 16 miles. 66 fathoms. 4 ¢¢, 1 ovigerous
2. 10/9/01; Port Shepstone WNW., distant 2 miles (Natal).
24 fathoms. 2. 15/3/01; and Cape St. Francis NE., distant 29
miles. 75 fathoms. 2. 19/2/02. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” Sea Point,
near Cape Town. 19/6/14. 1. Washed up on beach after storm.
(K.H.B.) (S.A.M. Nos. A228 to A232 and A2908 respectively.)
Geogr. Distribution: Port Jackson, low-water mark (Haswell) ; off
Melbourne, 33 fathoms (Stebbing: H. caesaris) ; Heard Island, 75
fathoms (Stebbing: H. pompeii); Tuamotu Archipelago, 1 metre
(Chevreux) ; New South Wales (Stebbing).
In 1909 (Subant. Is. N.Z., p. 622) this species was transferred by
Chilton to Bovallia in the family Pontogeneiidae. Without disagreeing
with Chilton’s conclusions I think it best to keep the present South
African specimens under the genus Lusiroides.
CLEONARDOPSIS ng.
Very near to Cleonardo Stebbing, but differing in the following
features: Body carinate, side-plate 6 hardly bilobed, side-plate 7 not
deeper behind than in front, pleon segments narrowed and rounded
below, upper lip broader than long, 5th joint of lst and 2nd gnathopods
176 Annals of the South African Musewm.
large, subequal in length and broader than 6th, peraeopods not very
slender, telson not very elongate, cleft for less than half its length.
The institution of a new genus for the present species seems justified
in view of the fact that the 4 new species of Cleonardo described by
Chevreux (Bull. l’Inst. oc. Mon. no. 121, p. 1) all agree in possessing
the same generic characters as the original species, C. longipes Stebbing,
The telson is somewhat similar to that of Rozinante Stebb., but in this
genus the 5th joint of the gnathopods is not lobed.
CLEONARDOPSIS CARINATA ND. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 7-9.)
Body carinate, keel very low on the 5 anterior peraeon segments,
on peraeon segments 6 and 7 and pleon segments 1 and 2 increasing
in height posteriorly and ending in an acute tooth, on pleon segment
3 highest in the middle, thence descending to posterior end where there
is an acute, forwardly directed, curved tooth, pleon segment 4 smooth,
not depressed.
Head with very short depressed rostrum, antero-lateral angles
truncate, eyes not apparent. Side-plate 1 not produced forwards,
short, 2-4 increasing in length, inferior margin straight, antero- and
postero-inferior angles rounded, side-plate 4 moderately emarginate,
5 bilobed, posterior lobe rather deeper and apex subacute, 6 sub-
rectangular, antero-inferior angle bevelled off, deeper than long,
7 trapezoidal, longer than deep, not deeper behind than in front.
Pleon segments narrowed and rounded below, postero-lateral angles
of 2nd and 3rd quadrate, with shghtly produced acute point in 2nd,
well produced in 3rd.
Telson short, not reaching beyond 1 length of rami of uropod 3,
somewhat pyriform, cleft + its length, apices obtuse, non-dehiscent,
unarmed.
First antenna reaching to 2nd pleon segment, 2nd joint 2 length of
Ist, 38rd joint not } length of 2nd, flagellum longer than peduncle,
ea. 70-jointed, accessory flagellum small, 1-joimted, % length of Ist
flagellar joint.
Second antenna in ¢ as long as first antenna, in 2 extending to
middle of peduncle of first antenna, ultimate joint shorter than
penultimate, flagellum longer than peduncle in ¢, nearly equal in 9,
ca. 60-jointed in ¢, ca. 20-jointed in 9. Flagella of both antennae
calceoliferous.
Upper lip broader than long, distal margin rounded, entire.
Lower lip more resembling that of Cleonardo neuvillei Chevreux
Orustacean Fauna of South Africa. WAG
than that of C. longipes Stebbing, but the mandibular process
narrower and more acute.
Mandible, cutting-edge tridentate in the one (? left), 6-dentate in
the other (? right), secondary cutting-edge 3- and 4-dentate respec-
tively, spine-row with 6 spines, molar prominent, denticulate, palp
long and slender, 3rd joint equal to Ist and 2nd together.
First maxilla, inner plate rounded, with 3-4 setae, outer plate with
1] spines, palp longer and not much narrower than outer plate, 2nd
joint not distally widened, apex with 7-8 spines and 2-3 fine setules,
outer distal margin with two widely spaced setae.
Second maxilla, inner plate only a little broader than outer, apices
of both plates rounded, setose.
Maxilliped, apex of inner plate with 5 short blunt spines, outer plate
reaching to middle of 2nd joint of palp, outer margin and apex setose,
inner margin straight, unarmed, but with a row of fine setae some
little way within the margin, 4th joint equal to 3rd.
First gnathopod, 2nd joint distally expanded, club-shaped, hind
margin with a row of close-set spines, 5th joint large, triangular,
inferiorly lobed and bearing stout setae, 6th joint as long as 5th but a
little narrower, ovate, palm very oblique, undefined, with 9 spines and
5 groups of setae, 1 long and 2 short in each group, 7th joint long,
nearly reaching base of 6th.
Second gnathopod similar, but 2nd joint more prominently club-
shaped, and 5th joint more strongly lobed.
First peraeopod, 2nd joint slightly expanded distally, hind margin
with spines as in the gnathopods, 4th joint 2 length of 2nd, 5th
nearly + length of 2nd, 6th subequal to 4th, its inner apex with a
group of short spines, outer apex with 2 simple setae and 1 long plumose
seta, 7th joint rather more than } length of 6th, rather stout, curved.
Second peraeopod similar, but 2nd joint not so much expanded, and
spines on hind margin weaker.
Third peraeopod longer than the other peraeopods, 2nd joint 3
times as long as broad, front distal margin very finely setulose, with
5 widely spaced spines, hind margin with a few fine setae, 4th joint
longer than 5th, both with very fine pubescence on front margin, 6th
joint longer than 4th, subequal to 2nd, inner margin with 8 groups
(usually pairs) of small spines, 7th joint } length of 6th, curved.
Fourth peraeopod, 2nd joint twice as long as broad, front distal
margin with 2 spines, hind margin as in third peraeopod.
Fifth peraeopod a little shorter than fourth, 2nd joint half as long
again as broad, front margin with a few setae only, hind margin
convex, with very shallow serrations, each bearing a setule.
178 Annals of the South African Musewm.
First and second uropods, peduncle shorter than rami, which are
elongate and tapering, the outer shorter than inner, outer margin of
peduncle and, to a lesser degree, outer margins of both rami
spinulose.
Third uropod not extending beyond 2nd uropod, more feebly
spimulose than Ist and 2nd uropods.
Length: 9 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish.
Locality: Cape Point NE. by E., distant 36 miles. 650 fathoms.
Aide. 8 699) (Ll -ovicerous). sis. “Pieter, Faures 75/7/03:
(S.A.M. No. A2786.)
Gen. RHACHOTROPIS 58. I. Smith.
1871. Tritropis (part) Boeck, Forh. Selsk. Christian. 1870, p. 158.
1883. Rhachotropis 8. 1. Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 6, p. 222.
1888. 3 Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 954.
1898. - G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 428.
1896. Rachotropis Bonnier, Ann. Univ. Lyon. vol. 26, p. 653.
1906. Rhachotropis Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 347.
1908. - id. Journ. Linn., Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 30, p. 194.
1909. > Strauss, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tief-see Exp.
vol. 20, pt. 1, p. 38.
1911. a Chevreux, Bull. PInst. oc. Monaco, no. 204, p. 11.
RHACHOTROPIS KERGUELENI Stebbing.
1888. Rhachotropis kerqueleni Stebbing, l.c. p. 955, pl. 85.
1893. . 2 G. O. Sars, lc. p. 424.
1893. Acanthozone AS Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
p. 612, pl. 59, fig. 24.
1906. Rhachotropis Fe Stebbing, Lc. p. 549.
The Challenger specimens were probably males, judging by the
length of the antennae; the present specimen is an ovigerous ? , and
agrees in all respects except the shorter antenne and the slightly more
dehiscent apices of the telson.
Length: 15 mm.
Colour: In spirit pale pinkish.
Locality: Cape Point N. 81° E., distant 32 miles. 400 fathoms.
1 ovigerous?. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A2771.)
Geogr. Distribution : Kerguelen Island (Stebbing).
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 9
RHACHOTROPIS PALPORUM Stebbing.
1908. Rhachotropis palporum Stebbing, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.
vol. 30. p. 194, pl. 28.
The male differs from Stebbing’s specimen as follows: The grooves
between the head and Ist peraeon segment and between the Ist and
2nd peraeon segments are deeper, side-plates 5 and 6 rather more
deeply bilobed, 7 not so acute posteriorly, the teeth on pleon segments
less strong, and on pleon segments 2 and 3 the dorsal tooth is larger
than the others, 38rd joint of the palp of maxillipeds more oval.
Length: 12 mm.
Colour: In spirit pale yellowish.
Locality: Cape Point NE. by E. } E., distant 38 miles. 755
fathoms. 1 ¢. 23/6/03; Cape Point E. by N., distant 29 miles.
950-300 fathoms. 1¢. 27/8/03. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M.
Nos. A224 and A2773).
Geogr. Distribution: 59° 36'N. 7° W. 400 metres (Stebbing).
RHACHOTROPIS GRIMALDII Chevreux.
1887. Tritopsis grimaldii Chevreux, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 12,
Dome?)
1888. Rhachotropis _,, Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1641.
1896. Rachotropis elegans Bonnier, Ann. Univ. Lyon. vol. 26, p. 658,
plod, 1c, 4 (@):
1900. i grimaldii Chevereux, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16,
DOS) pledge LGes):
a5 + elegans Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21,
pp. 351, 729.
1906. Rhachotropis
Rostrum not extending to half Ist jomt of Ist antenna, antero-
lateral angles of head obtusely projecting. Eyes not visible. Peraeon
not carinate, but posterior portion of each segment slightly swollen,
the 7th segment in ¢ with a small median tooth. Side-plate 1 pro-
duced forwards as far as antero-lateral angle of head, apex rounded,
side-plates 2-4 quadrangular, anterior margin of 4 rounded, posterior
margin slightly emarginate, 5 and 6 bilobed, hind lobe the deeper,
7 half as long again as deep, deepest anteriorly, thence narrowing,
postero-lateral angle quadrate, the teeth and serrations on the posterior
angles of all the side-plates very obscure. Pleon segments 1-3 tri-
carinate, the subdorsal carinae obscure, all the carinae ending in acute
but scarcely upturned teeth, the median one on 2nd segment being
180 Annals of the South African Museum.
the strongest, 4th segment with median carina, Which is rounded in
profile, highest in the middle and stronger in ¢ than in 9, posterior
margins of 2nd and 8rd segments rounded and serrated, more so in
the 3rd than the 2nd, postero-lateral margins of 4th and 5th segments
each with a tooth.
Telson reaching to end of uropods, gradually tapering, apices acute,
contiguous, cleft not quite as far as centre.
First antenna to end of peraeon in Jg, to about 4th peraeon seg-
ment in ?, Ist and 2nd joints subequal, lower apex of Ist ending in
2 in 2 teeth, both joints in ¢ with 9 bunches of setae on lower
margin, 3rd joint half length of 2nd, flagellum scarcely as long as
pendunele, ca. 24-jointed in g,8-jointed in ?, accessory flagellum
extremely minute and indistinct.
Second antenna longer than first antennae, reaching in ¢ to end of
3rd pleon segment, in 2 nearly to end of peraeon, ultimate joint
of peduncle in ga little longer than penultimate, in ? scarcely as
long, upper margin of penultimate joint in g with ca. 18 bunches
of setae, flagellum longer than peduncle, ca. 40-jointed in 4, 16-
jointed in °.
Upper and lower lips normal, but outer lobes of lower lip more
truncate apically.
Mandible, cutting-edge straight, entire, with 1 tooth at one end
and 2 at the other, secondary cutting-edge in left 7-dendate, in right
very feeble, serrulate, spine-row with 6—7 spines, 3rd joint of palp only
a trifle shorter than 2nd.
The other mouth-parts without particular features.
First and second gnathopods, palm defined by 2 blunt tubercles,
each surmounted by a spine bearing a cilium near its apex.
Third to fifth peraeopods, hind margin of 2nd joint entire, that of
5th peraeopod serrate, posterior apical angle rounded, in the 4th
peraeopod 6th joint longer than 4th, 5th and 7th subequal, shorter
than 4th.
Uropods, peduncle of Ist and 2nd spinose on inner margin, inner
apex of peduncle of 8rd produced into an acute tooth furnished with
a spine, outer ramus of each uropod slightly shorter than inner, inner
margin of inner ramus of Ist and 2nd uropods and both margins of
both rami of 5rd uropod spinulose.
Length: 13 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish or pinkish.
Locality: Cape Point E. by N., distant 29 miles. 250-300 fathoms.
266,72 2; Cape Point N. 81° E., distant 32 miles. 460 fathoms.
10 2 2; Cape Natal N. by E., distant 24 miles. 440 fathoms.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 18]
1 ovigerous 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 27/8/03, 20/8/03 and 4/4/01.
(S.A.M. Nos. A221, A222 and A240 respectively).
Geogr. Distribution: Cape Finisterre, 563-510 metres (Chevreux :
grimaldii) ; Bay of Biscay, 950 metres (Bonnier: elegans).
There can be little doubt that these specimens are assignable to
Chevreux’s species, and that elegans is the g of grimaldii. The
presence of a small tooth on the 7th peraeon segment in the ¢ and
the fact that the teeth on the pleon are not upturned are not enough
to separate the Cape specimens from the North Atlantic ones.
RHACHOTROPIS PAENEGLABER N. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 10.)
Rostrum reaching half way along Ist joint of Ist antenna. Eyes
absent. Antero-lateral angles of head obtuse.
Peraeon not keeled. Side-plates as in the previous species, but
7th not so long proportionately to its depth and not narrowed so
much posteriorly. Pleon segment 1 with very obscure median keel
on posterior margin, segment 2 with 3 keels ending in small acute
teeth, segment 3 with 3 keels not ending in teeth, segment 4 tri-
earinate, the median keel ending in a tooth, the subdorsal keels not
reaching the posterior margin. Postero-lateral angles of segment 3
rounded and serrate, the margin above also serrate.
Telson narrow, of nearly even width throughout, apices acute, not
quite contiguous, cleft for 4 its length.
First and second antennae subequal, extending in ¢ to end of 38rd
pleon segment, in ¢ to end of peraeon, peduncle with calceoli and
groups of setae, flagella of both antennae ca. 17-jointed in ¢@, ca.
10-jointed in 2, accessory flagellum of 1st antenna minute but distinct.
Mouth parts normal; mandible with the cutting-edge as in
R. grimaldii, and 3rd joint of palp a little longer than 2nd.
First and second gnathopods, palm defined by a well-marked obtuse
projection bearing 6-8 spines, lobe of 5th narrow.
Third to 5th peraeopods, 2nd joint with entire hind-margin, in
peraeopod 5 very faintly serrate and setulose, postero-inferior angle
quadrate (as figured by Chevreux for R. proxvima), distal joints of the
peraeopods lost.
Length: 10 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Cape Point E. by N., distant 29 miles. 250-800 fathoms.
3.46 5,16 2 2 ; Cape Point N.81°E., distant 32 miles. 400 fathoms.
182 Annals of the South African Museum.
1g. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 27/8/03 and 20/8/03. (S.A.M.- Nos.
A2769 and A2770.)
Specific name in allusion to the comparative absence of teeth on
the pleon.
RHACHOTROPIS ANOMALA 0. Sp.
Rostrum subacute, extending as far as the subacute antero-lateral
angles of head. Eyes absent.
Peraeon smooth. Side-plate 1 not strongly produced forward,
antero-inferior angle acute, side-plate 5 produced backward but not
narrowed, ending quadrately. Pleon with only a single dorsal carina,
ending in a small tooth on 2nd and 4th segments only. Postero-
lateral angle of 3rd rounded, quite smooth.
Telson reaching to end of 3rd uropod, tapering but slightly until
near apex, cleft extremely short, apices acute, non-dehiscent.
Both first and second antennae lost.
Mouth-parts normal; mandible with the cutting-edge as in
R. grimaldii, secondary cutting-edge 6-dentate in left, feeble and
tridentate in right, 3rd joint of palp longer than Ist and 2nd
combined.
First gnathopod, palm running into hind margin without break,
but defined by two spines (1 large and 1 small) on the margin and a
transverse row of 7 spines increasing in length towards the margin,
palm setose.
Second gnathopod lost.
All the joints of the peraeopods lost except the 2nd joints; in the
5th peraeopod this is narrow-oblong, not at all expanded, postero-
inferior angle acute but not produced, hind margin entire and
glabrous.
Uropods, outer ramus of 2nd uropod shorter than inner, rami of
1st and 8rd uropods subequal, peduncles and rami smooth, except inner
margin of inner ramus of 3rd, which has a few short spinules, inner
apex of peduncle of 5rd acutely but shortly produced.
Length: 10 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish.
Locality: Cape Point NE. by E., distant 36 miles. 650 fathoms.
1 nonovigerous ?. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 15/7/03. (S.A.M. No.
A2795.)
Although the single specimen is somewhat mutilated, it shows
quite well characters distinct enough on which to found a new species.
The species seems to approximate to F. gracilis Bonnier in the
dorsal carination, the telson and the postero-lateral margin of the
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 185
3rd pleon segment (I have not seen Bonnier’s figures). It is, how-
ever, more feebly carinate and the apices of the telson are not
dehiscent. The 2nd joint of the 5th peraeopod is very similar to that
of R. provuma Chevreux. The perfectly entire postero-lateral margin
of the 3rd pleon segment is quite exceptional in the genus, although
R. gracilis has “ only 3 scarcely visible denticles ”
the specific name refers.
; to this feature
Famity PONTOGENEIIDAH.
1906. Pontogeneiidae Stebbing, Das Terreich, 21, pp. 356, 729.
1907. a Chevreux, Exp. Antarct. France. p. 74.
1910. ¥ Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S. Afr. Crust. p. 455.
Gen. PARAMOERA Mrers.
1875. Paramoera (part) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 16,
p. 70.
1888. Atyloides (part) Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 913.
1906. Paramoera id. Le. p. 363.
PARAMOERA CAPENSIS (Dana).
1853 and 55. Iphimedia capensis Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 15, 2,
p. 931, pl. 63, figs. 5a-g.
1862. Atylus capensis Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 137, pl. 26,
fig. 4.
1888. Atyloides assimilis Stebbing, l.c. p. 918, pl. 77.
1888. Atylopsis magellanica id. ibid. p. 925, pl. 79.
1906. Pontogeneia a Stebbing, Lc. p. 360.
1906. capensis id. ibid. p. 361 (“ possibly identical with
P. magellanica”’).
1909. Atyloides magellanica Chilton, Subantarct. Is. N. Zeal. vol. 2,
p- 627 (references).
¥ . id. Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p. 496, pl. 1, fig. 18.
1914. - magellanicus Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1914,
p. 365.
LUSIGA
The reasons for the above synonymy are as follows :
In 1912 Chilton (Le. p. 498) described a local variety of Paramoera
austrina (Bate) from Saldanha Bay, South Africa, whose chief pecu-
larity is the absence of setae and the greater number of apical
184 Annals of the South African Museum.
teeth on the telson : there are 3-4 teeth on each lobe instead of 2 as in
the other forms.
Now specimens from Table Bay, which I have examined, agree with
the descriptions of Paramoera austrina but show according to age
from 2-8 apical teeth on the lobes of the telson ; in one Jarge ¢ there
are even 11 teeth on each lobe. Chilton does not give the length of
his specimens, but I cannot doubt that they are exactly similar to my
Table Bay specimens.
Moreover, if the multidentate telson be compared with Bate’s figure
of Atylus capensis (presumably copied from Dana) the conclusion is
unavoidable that we are dealing with the same form. In other respects
the specimens conform to Bate’s (Dana’s) somewhat meagre descrip-
tion. Differences in the relative lengths of upper and lower antennae
are unimportant.
Stebbing’s A. assimilis 1s a typical young specimen of P. capensis ;
the length of the rami of 3rd uropod increase with age and become
more serrate. Similarly I think A. magellanica is a young form of
this species.
The question remains: Is P. austrina (Bate) and its synonyms as
given by Stebbing and Chilton (with the exception of A. assimilis) to
be included under P. capensis (Dana)? Dana’s name of course has
the priority. The series of Cape specimens shows that the number of
telsonic teeth increases with age from 2 to 8 (or even more) ; females
begin to bear ova when only 6 mm. long and when the telson has only
3 or 4 teeth. On the other hand, P. austrina (Bate), P. australis
Miers and Stebbingia gregaria Pfetfer have all been described from
specimens about 17 mm. in length and still having only bidentate
telsonic lobes.
This seems to me to warrant the separation, if not perhaps as a
species, then as a well-marked variety, of Bate’s austrina from the
typical capensis of Dana. With austrina go the other synonyms as
suggested by Stebbing and Chilton, with the exception of Haswell’s
megalophthalma. ‘This I would separate as another variety charac-
terised by a strong rostrum (3-4 length of 1st jomt of Ist antenna),
and rounded, entire telsonic apices.
Walker’s P. magellanica (Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, p. 33, pl. 12, fig.
20, 1907) does not appear to be specifically the same, in my opinion.
For the sake of comparison I give a detailed description of the Cape
specimens.
Body smooth, pleon segments 1-8 not scabrous. Rostrum repre-
sented only by a small point. Eyes large, oval-oblong, nearly meeting
on the top of the head, larger in 9 than ¢. Side-plates 1-4 rounded
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 185
below, 4 rather strongly emarginate, 5 and 6 with hind-lobe deeper
than anterior. Postero-inferior angle of pleon segment 1 rounded, of
2 quadrate with a small point, posterior margin above straight, of 3
rounded-quadrate with small acute point, above which the posterior
margin bulges rather strongly.
Telson cleft for 2—3 of its length, outer margins slightly sinuous,
inner margins straight and contiguous, apices of lobes sloping away
externally from inner apical angle, cut into 5-8 teeth in the adult,
fewer in young specimens (one large ¢ has 11 teeth), the intervening
notches either with or without very fine short setules.
First antenna extending in ¢ to end of peraeon, in ¢ to end of 5th
or 6th peraeon segment, Ist joint longest and stoutest, 3rd + 2nd,
flagellum ca. 50-jointed in ¢@, in 2 ca, 40-jointed, every alternate
joint broader distally and bearing in ¢ 3, in 2 2 linear sensory
filaments or calceoli (only 1 near the end of the flagellum), accessory
flagellum distinct, 1-jointed.
Second antenna either equal to or a trifle longer than Ist antenna,
ultimate peduncular joint a little longer than penultimate, flagellum
ca. 65-jointed in ¢, in 2 ca. 45-jointed, shortly setose but not
calceoliferous.
Lower lip, inner lobes obsolete.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 7-dentate, the 2 anterior teeth longer than
the rest, secondary cutting-edge 5-dentate in left, feeble and tridentate
in right, spine-row with 9 spines, palp long, 8rd joint scarcely as long
as 2nd.
First maxilla, inner plate with ca. 20 setae, outer plate with 10
spines, palp with 9 teeth and several seta on apex of 2nd joint.
Second maxilla and maxilliped as figured by Stebbing for Atyloides
australis (Miers). (Challeng. Rep. vol 29, pl. 75.)
First gnathopod, 5th a little shorter than 6th, 6th wider than 5th,
ovate, palm oblique, as long as hind margin, defined by a transverse
row of 3 setae, finger serrate on inner margin.
Second gnathopod, 5th distinctly shorter than 6th, 6th oblong, wider
than 5th, and a little wider distally than proximally, palm more
transverse than in Ist gnathopod, shorter than hind margin, defined
by a row of 3 setae, hind margin with bunches of setae, finger serrate
on inner margin.
First and second peraeopods, 4th and 5th joints subequal, 6th
longer than either, its hind margin with 7 pairs of spines, outer
margin with 4 pairs of spinules, finger broad basally, rather strongly
curved, with a seta at inner apex.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 5th peraeopod longer, 2nd joint in all
15
186 Annals of the South African Musewn.
oval, postero-inferior angle rounded, anterior margin with groups of
spinules, posterior margin finely serrulate, 4th longer than 5th, 6th
longer than 4th, anterior margin of 6th with 7 groups of 3 unequal
spines, hind margin with 6 pairs of spines.
First and second uropods, outer ramus very shehtly shorter in Ist,
distinctly shorter in 2nd, peduncle and rami with marginal spines,
apices of rami with 5 stout unequal spines.
Third uropod, the distal half of the rami projecting beyond the end
of 1st and 2nd uropods, rami subequal, nearly twice length of peduncle,
lanceolate, apically acute, margins closely serrate, spinulose and setose,
outer margin of the outer ramus with less numerous (only ca. 9) and
more widely spaced serrations, with stout spines in the notches; in the
young the rami are scarcely 1} times length of peduncle, and the
margins are smooth with only a few marginal spinules (as in Stebbing’s
figure of Atyloides assimilis, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, pl. 77).
Length: S$ up to 15 mm., ovigerous 2 2 from 5-12 mm.
Colour: Whitish with crimson markings, these either few in number,
pale and irregularly scattered, or forming bands on the anterior
peraeon segments, or a median dorsal stripe, sometimes so numerous
as to cover the whole body with a complete network; sometimes
uniform pale crimson-red ; eyes dark maroon.
Locality: Table Bay (Sea Point, near Cape Town). Dr. W. F.
Purcell, Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist, K.H.B.) ; Dassen Island, West Coast
(R. M. Lightfoot) ; Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula (K.H.B.); False Bay
(Buffels Bay and St. James, K.H.B.); East London (R. M. Light-
foot) ; Port Elizabeth (W. F. FitzSimons and Mrs. Paterson). ¢,
ovigerous ? ? and young. (S.A.M. Nos. 1282, A2798, A2910, A2923,
A2866, A2531, A2915, A2914, and A3034.)
Geogr. Distribution: Cape of Good Hope (Dana) ; off Cape of Good
Hope (Stebbing: A. assimilis); Straits of Magellan, 55 fathoms
(Stebbing: A. magellanica); Auckland Islands and South Orkneys
(Chilton: A. magellanica); South Africa, 25 fathoms (Chilton: P.
austrina var.); Falkland Islands (Stebbing: A. magellanicus). If
P. austrina and megalophthalma be included under capensis, the
distribution will extend to Australia, New Zealand and the Sub-
antarctic Islands, Kerguelen, South Georgia, ete.
Famiry GAMMARIDAE.
1813/14. Gamimaridae (part) Leach, Edinb. Eneyel. vol. 7, p. 482.
1906. a Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 364, 729
(references).
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 187
1907. Gammaridae id. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 30, p. 160.
1908. 8 id. Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 81.
1908. - Chevreux, Trav. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. vol. 37, pt.
2, p: gL:
1909. ae id. Arch. Zool. vol. 2, p. 28.
1910. BS Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 456.
1911. . Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 211.
1912. es Marcus, Zool. Anz. vol. 39, p. 296.
Gren. ERIOPISA Stebbing.
1890. Hriopisa Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 198.
1890. Eriopsis Wrzesniowski, Z. wiss. Zool. vol. 50, p. 632.
1894. Eriopisa G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 514.
1901. 4 Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 14, p. 403.
1906. ms Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 411, 732.
The following species is very near to EH. seychellensis Chevreux
1901, but differs in having the 3rd joint of the mandibular palp
shorter than the 2nd, the apex of 5th joint of 2nd gnathopod rather
more angular and the more expanded 2nd joint of 5th peraeopod.
Both species are distinguished from the northern species E. elongata
(Bruz.) by the short and slender 2nd joint of the outer ramus of the
3rd uropod.
ERIOPISA CAPENSIS 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVITI. Figs. 16-19.)
Head equal to first two peraeon segments together, rostrum small,
antero-lateral angles rounded, eyes absent. Side-plate 1 as deep as
the following ones, but much narrower, antero-inferior angle produced
forwards as a narrow acute process reaching half way along inferior
margin of head, 2 and 3 rotundo-quadrate, 4 rotund, deeper than long,
not quite as deep as 2 and 3, 5 and 6 feebly bilobed, the anterior lobe
deeper than the posterior, 7 longer than deep, deepest in front,
posterior angle rounded.
Pleon segments 1-3 with postero-inferior angles rounded and not
Serrate.
Telson cleft almost to base, lobes widely dehiscent, apices subacute,
with 3-4 unequal spines, usually a spinule on outer margin just
beyond the middle.
First antenna about half the length of body, 1st joint rather stout,
2nd subequal in length but more slender, 3rd scarcely half as long,
188 Annals of the South African Museum.
flagellum longer than peduncle, 17—18-joimted, accessory flagellum
scarcely equal to Ist flagellar joint, 2-jointed, the 2nd joint minute.
Second antenna alittle more than half 1st, peduncle longer than that
of Ist, ultimate and penultimate joints subequal, flagellum equal to
ultimate peduncular joint, 5-joimted, Ist jomt much the longest.
Upper lip with rounded, entire distal margin.
Lower lip, inner lobes well developed, outer lobes apically truncate,
mandibular processes well developed, subacute.
Mandibles stout, cutting-edges tridentate, secondary cutting-edge in
left strong and 4-dentate, in right feeble and bidentate, spine-row with
2-3 spines, molar prominent, palp very slender, 3rd joint shorter than
2nd, tipped with 2 long and 1 short setae, no marginal setae on any
of the joints.
First maxilla, mner plate with 3 apical setae (2 long, 1 short), inner
margin nonsetose, outer plate with 9-10 spines, palp with 2nd joint
longer than Ist apex, with 2 teeth and ca. 8 setae.
Second maxilla, plates equal in length, but inner narrower, and
without setae on its Inner margin.
Maxilliped, inner plate apically truncate, with ca. 5 obscure denticles
and some simple setae, a more prominent denticle and a stout spinule
on inner apical angle, inner margin nonsetose, outer plate oval, reach-
ing to just beyond middle of 2nd joint of palp, inner margin with
spine-setae, palp slender, 2nd joint twice length of 3rd, which is
longer than Ist, 4th together with its terminal unguis equal to Ist.
First gnathopod, 5th joint oblong, not distally widened, inferior
margin setose, 6th longer and wider than 5th, oval, palm very
oblique, nearly 3 times as long as inferior margin, scarcely any
defining angle, setose, a spine at 3 distance from hinge and a row of
setae at junction with hind margin, finger equal to palm.
Second gnathopod similar to Ist, but 5th joint strongly produced
downwards as a triangular process, wider than 6th, and setose on
inferio-distal margin, 6th joint as in Ist gnathopod, but inferior
margin relatively to palm a little longer.
First and second peraeopods not very slender, 2nd joint longest, 4th
longer than 5th or 6th, which are subequal, 7th passing gradually into
slender unguis, both together not quite equal to 6th.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint not expanded, hind margin with
scattered setules only, not apically produced, 4th and 6th subequal, 5th
longer, hind apex of 6th with several strong and long setae, 7th half
length of 6th, witha fine setule on inner apex, unguis slender, straight.
Fourth peraeopod longer than 3rd or 5th, 4th and 5th joints sub-
equal, 6 shorter, otherwise similar to 3rd peraeopod.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 189
Fifth peraeopod subequal to 3rd, 2nd joint oval, not apically
produced, hind margin serrate and setose, 4th and 5th joints subequal,
6th a trifle longer.
First and second uropods, rami of Ist uropod subequal, of 2nd
outer a trifle shorter than inner, apices obtuse, spinose, inner apical
angle of peduncle of Ist with one strong spine, of 2nd with several
spines,
Third uropod elongate, peduncle extending as far back as apices of
ist and 2nd uropods, outer ramus at least thrice as long as peduncle,
2-jointed, 2nd joint small, not } length of Ist, no sexual difference
in length of 2nd joint, margins with 2-3 groups of long spines,
apices of both joints spinose, inner ramus } length of Ist joint of
outer, apex obtuse, spose. -
Length: 9 mm.
Colour: In spirit, brownish.
Locality: Lion’s Head SE. } E., distant 42 miles (off Cape
Peninsula). 156 fathoms. 3¢ ¢, 3 ovigerous ? ?. ss. “ Pieter
Favre.” 13/3/00. (S.A.M. No. A194.)
GEN. MELITA Leach.
1313/14. Melita Leach, Edinb. Eneyel. vol. 7, p. 403,
1875. Paramoera (part) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 16,
i Chae
1906. Melita Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 421, 732.
1908. , Chevreux, Bull. de l’Inst. oc¢éan. Monaco, no. 122, p. 6.
1909. ,, Chilton, Subantarct. Is. N. Zeal. vol. 2, p. 630.
1910. ,, Stebbing, Sci. Res. “Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 596.
1910. » Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. vol. 16, p. 31.
SAU » Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 215.
MELITA FRESNELII (Audouin).
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 32.)
826. Gammarus fresnelii Audouin in Descr. Egypte, vol. 1, 4, p. 98,
Crust. pl. 11, fig. 3.
1845, a anisochir Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 2, vol. 1,
p. 317, pl. 2, figs. la—p.
1852. Melita pilosus Dana, Proc. Amer. Ac. vol. 2, p. 212.
1855. » validus id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, 2, p. 966, pl 66,
fig. 6.
1855. ,,_~—ssetipes id. ibid. p. 967, pl. 66, fig. 7.
190 Annals of the South African Museum.
1864. Melita exilix Fr. Miller, Fiir Darwin, p. 6, fig.
1879. ,, australis Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4, p. 264,
ple oO, figs) Osc
1890. ,, cotesi Giles, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 59, p. 64, pl. 2,
fioy 1.
1904. ,,.- anisochir Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.
Rep. 17, p: 270, pl. 4, fig. 28.
1906. ,, _~— fresnelii Stebbing, lc. p. 423 (synonymy and references).
1909. ip Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 334,
1910. a o Stebbing, Le. p. 596.
1910. ie - Kunkel, lc. p. 31, fig. 11.
1912. 5 * Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 43 [1913],
p. 371:
In these specimens the dorsal teeth on the pleon vary slightly from
Stebbing’s description in Das Tierreich. The median tooth on all the
segments is very minute or even absent, on segments 1 and 2 there are
3 subdorsal teeth on either side, on segment 3 two teeth, of which the
lower one is the larger and apically bifid, on either side, on segment 4
only 2 large teeth, on segment 5 two small ones.
The eye tends to become oval in the adult.
Twelve of the ¢ ¢ are “left handed” and eight “ right handed.”
Length: 8 mm.
Colour: Pale straw coloured, speckled with brown, a small dark —
brown median dorsal spot on peraeon segments 2—7 and pleon segment
1, side-plates and pleura also speckled and spotted with dark brown,
antennae, peraeopods and uropods spotted and banded with orange,
large hand of ¢ blotched with orange and brown, proximal part of
finger orange, apex of finger and thumb white, eyes brown.
Locality: Morewood Cove NW. by N. 3 N., distant 3 miles (Natal).
27 fathoms. 20 ¢¢ 15 2 2, some ovigerous, and 7 juv.; Umhloti
River mouth NNW., distant 1 mile (Natal). 27 fathoms. 1 9.
s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 19/12/00 and 21/12/00. Durban, July 1915.
(H. W. Bell-Marley), 4 ¢¢,5 9 2,2 juv. (S.A.M. Nos. A198,
A8817, and A3845.)
Geogr. Distribution: Egypt (Audouin) ; Singapore, 10 feet (Dana) ;
Rio Janeiro, shore (Dana); Port Jackson (Haswell) ; Andaman Isles
(Giles); Ceylon (Walker); Seychelles, 22-36 fathoms (Walker) ;
Wasin, B.E.A., 10 fathoms (Walker) ; Suakim, 5 fathoms (Walker) ;
New South Wales, 52 fathoms (Stebbing); Bermuda, 0-12 feet
(Kunkel) ; Gulf of Mexico, 2-30 fathoms (Pearse).
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 11
MELITA INAEQUISTYLIS (Dana).
1852. Amphitoe (Melita) inaequistylis and tenuicornis Dana, Proc,
Amer. Ac. vol. 2, pp. 214 and 215.
1853 and 1855. Melita tenwicornis id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, 2, p. 963,
pl. 66, figs. 5a—m.
1862. Moera = Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p.195,
pl. 35, fig. 6.
1876. Paramoera *s Miers, Cat. Crust. N. Zeal. p. 127,
ple 3; fe 82).
1893. Melita palmata (part) Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
p. 714.
1904, Maera tenmcornis Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 278, pl. 5, fig. 33.
1904. Melita zeylanica Stebbing, Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 2, pt. 5, p. 22,
pl. 5.
1906. ,, = inaequistylis id. Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 429, 732.
1906. ,, — tenwicornis Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 38, p. 271.
1909. ,, = inaequistylis id. Subant. Is. N. Zeal. p. 630.
OME? _,, is id. Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 48, p. 564.
OAS, a Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1914, p. 366.
Side-plate 5 in 2 not hooked.
Pleon segment 4 in ¢ with 1 medio-dorsal acute tooth on hind
margin, segment 5 with 2 subdorsal teeth on either side (no medio-
dorsal tooth); @ sometimes without a tooth on segment 4 and with
only 1 subdorsal tooth on either side on segment 5. Postero-inferior
angle and posterior and inferior margins of 3rd pleon segment as
figured by Walker.
Telson, inner margin slightly concave, apices acute, outer margin
with 2 subapical spines, inner margin with 3 (2 large, 1 small) sub-
apical spines, 1 smaller one a little beyond middle of inner margin.
First antenna, 2nd joint longer than Ist, 3rd 4 2nd, flagellum a
little longer than peduncle, ca. 40-jointed, accessory flagellum 5-
jointed.
Second antenna, gland-cone acute, reaching half way along 3rd,
ultimate and penultimate joints subequal, flagellum scarcely equal to
last 2 peduncular joints together, ca. 14-jointed.
Mandibular palp, Ist joint at least } 2nd, 2nd and 3rd subequal.
Maxilliped, 3rd joint of palp expanded, obovate.
First gnathopod in g as in Della Valle’s figure of that of WM.
palmata (Montagu); in ? 6th joint without the process on front
192 Annals of the South African Musewm.
apex, the definimg angle of palm rounded and somewhat produced,
palm transverse, finger and unguis tapering evenly.
Second gnathopod in g also as in Della Valle’s figure of that of M.
palmata but far more setose along palm and hind margin and on inner
surface, finger stout, apex subacute and resting in a small pit; in 9
not so large as in g, palm a little oblique, with a small defining
tooth, finely crenulate, finger not closing on to inner surface, apically
acute.
First and second peraeopods slender, 2nd joint longest, 4th a trifle
longer than either 5th or 6th, which latter are subequal, inner margin
of 5th with 5 spinules, of 6th with 6 pairs of spinules, finger and unguis
short and stout.
Third to fifth peraeopods much stouter than Ist and 2nd peraeopods,
2nd joint expanded, oval, hind margin straight with very faint serra-
tions, postero-inferior angles rounded, reaching to middle of 3rd joint,
4th joint longer than 5th, 6th longer than 4th, moderately spinose, 3rd
peraeopod shorter than 4th or 5th.
First and second uropods, peduncle with spine at apex, rami sub-
equal.
Third uropod long, outer ramus spinose, with a distinct though very
small second joint, inner ramus ovate, apically acute, inner margin
with 3 spines.
Length: 3 18 mm. (to end of 3rd uropod), 2 10 mm.
Colour: Greyish, each segment with one or two transverse bands of
purplish grey, peduncles of antennae purplish, peraeopods ringed with
the same colour.
Locality: St. James (False Bay) and Table Bay. 1897. (Dr. W.F.
Purcell) ; Sea Point, near Cape Town. 19/3/14. (K.H.B.) ; Port Eliza-
beth. Nov.1914. (F.W.FitzSimons); East London. July,1914. (R.M.
Lightfoot). gg and ovigerous 92. (S.A.M. Nos. 1273, 1291,
A2892, A2900, A2905, A8056, and A2907).
Geogr. Distribution : New Zealand (Dana, Thomson, Miers, Chilton) ;
Ceylon (Walker) ; Ceylon (Stebbing, M. zeylanica) ; Auckland,
Chatham, and Kermadec Islands (Chilton); Falkland Islands
(Stebbing).
For the present inaequistylis may be kept separate from palmata on
account of the shape of the 2nd gnathopods in 3, but there is no
doubt that eventually it must be merged into the latter. The teeth on
the pleon of the South African specimens agree exactly with Stebbing’s
description of palimata.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 195
Gen. MAERA Leach.
1813-14. Maera Leach, Edinb. Encyecl. vol. 7, p. 403.
1900. » Chevreux, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16, p. 84.
1904. - Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish Suppl.
Rep. 17, p. 271.
1906. a Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 433, 732, 741 (refer-
ences ).
1907. 3 von der Briiggen, Ann. St. Petersb. Mus. vol. 11, p. 17.
1908. 7 Calman, Ann. N.Y. Ac. vol. 11, p. 269.
1908. » Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 34, p. 29.
1908. s Holmes, ibid. vol. 35, p. 539.
1910. os Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. vol. 16, p. 44.
1910. re Stebbing, Sci. Res. ‘‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 599.
1910. » id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 457.
1912. , Chilton, Tr. Roy, Soc. Edinb, vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 501.
MABRA INAEQUIPES (Costa).
1847. Amphithoe truncatipes (Spinola in MS.) White, Crust. Brit. Mus.
p. 87 (nom. nud.).
1851. Ue inaequipes Costa in Hope, Cat. Crost. Ital. p. AD,
1857. Gammarus scissimanus id, Mem. Ace. Napoli. vol. 1, p. 221,
pl.-3, tig, 7.
1866. Maera scissimana and integrimana Heller, Denk. Ak. Wien.
vol, 26, pt. 2, p. 40, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25.
1888. Moera truncatipes Barrois, Cat. Crust. Acores. p. 35, text-fig.
1893. Maera ‘ (part) Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
p. 725, pl, 1, fig. 2, pl. 22, figs. 26-40.
1904. ,, scissimana Walker, l.c. p. 273, pl. 5, fig. 32.
1906. ,, ~— inaequipes Stebbing, l.c. p. 435.
T3035, a Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 304.
18 0 ees - Kunkel, lec. p. 44, fig. 16.
1910; ,, . Stebbing, Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 599.
TOO. = - - Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 218.
Agreeing with Stebbing’s description except in the following points
Ist antenna with flagellum of 17-19 joints, accessory flagellum 10-
jointed, flagellum of 2nd antenna 9-jointed, subequal to ultimate ped-
uncular joint which is shorter than penultimate, gland-cone not reaching
beyond apex of antepenultimate ; 5th joint of Ist gnathopod with a
notch near apex on anterior margin ; hands of 2nd gnathopods equal,
194. Annals of the South African Musewn.
palm with a slight central notch, denticulate between notch and hinge,
very faintly denticulate between notch and the strong defining tooth ;
hind margins of Znd joint of peraeopods 3-5 faintly serrulate near
distal end only ; apices of telson tridentate, outer one smaller than the
other two, which are subequal, a spine in the notch between each
tooth.
Length: 13 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish or pinkish, eyes red-brown.
Locality: Table Bay. 1897. 2 $3 gf, 1 juv. (Dr. W. F. Purcell) ;
Woodstock beach (Cape Town). 6/4/08. 2 gg. (HE. P. Phillips and
R. M. Lightfoot) ; Cape Morgan N. 3 W., distant 10 miles. 77 fathoms.
1 ovigerous 2? ; and Hood Point. N. by W.4 W., distant 11 miles. 49
fathoms. 1 ovigerous 2. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 26/7/01 and 15/7/01.
(S.A.M. Nos. 1292, A191, A189 and A2873 respectively.)
Geogr. Distribution: Mediterranean (Costa, Della Valle, Chev-
reux) ; Azores (Barrois) ; Ceylon (Walker) ; Seychelles, Red Sea and
Wasin, Brit. E. Africa, 10 fathoms (Walker); New South Wales
(Stebbing) ; Bermuda (Kunkel).
MAERA HIRONDELLEI Chevreux.
1900. Maera hirondellei Chevreux, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16, p. 84,
pl. 11, figs. la-7.
LI06. 3 t es Stebbing, l.c. p. 732.
LOO Bs Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 218.
The South African specimens agree so well with Chevreux’s species
that the few differences which are present cannot be regarded otherwise
than as local variations and also perhaps as due to age. Chevreux
expresses a doubt as to whether his ¢ 3 were adult, but does not say
whether the 2 2 were ovigerous.
The 5th joint of Ist gnathopod indented on anterior margin just
before the acute apex.
The hand of 2nd gnathopod is broader in proportion to its length
than in Chevreux’s specimen, the two teeth at defining angle of palm
stronger. Chevreux in the enlarged figures of the 2nd gnathopod
(figs. 1g and 1j) shows these 2 teeth, but in the text speaks of only
one. The insertions of the bundles of setae along the distal portion
of the inferior margin of hand rather deep, causing a distinctly serrate
appearance. .
The mandibular palp is of normal length (cf. Sars’ figure of M.
othonis, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, pl. 182, fig. 1), the 3rd joint a little
shorter than 2nd.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 195
Flagellum of Ist antenna ca. 25-jointed, accessory flagellum 9-
jointed ; flagellum of 2nd antenna ca. 11-jointed, subequal to ultimate
peduncular joint which is shorter than penultimate, gland-cone not so
long as in Chevreux’s specimens.
Eyes fairly large, reniform; side-plate 1 with antero-inferior angle
produced acutely forward ; postero-lateral angle of 3rd pleon segment
somewhat produced, acute, margins not serrate; telsonic lobes rather
more ovate than in Chevreux’s figure.
Length : 15 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality : Paternoster Point SE. + E., distant 9 miles (off Saldanha
Bay). 80 fathoms. 2 g¢ 3,1 ovigerous 9. s.s. “Pieter Faure.”
1773/02. (S.A.M. No. A187.)
Geogr. Distribution: Azores, 130 metres (Chevreux) ; De Djerba,
Algiers, low-tide (Chevreux).
It appears to me to be very doubtful if Chevreux’s species is really
distinct from inaequipes. But since in the South African material the
specimens which I assign to hirondellei are distinguishable from those
I take to be inaequipes by the two teeth defining the palm of the 2nd
snathopods and the more produced postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon
segment, I keep them separate here.
Marra MASTERSII (Haswell).
1879. Megamoera mastersii Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
Pacooy ploidy tell,
1884. 55 thomsoni Miers, Rep. Voy. “ Alert,” p. 318, pl. 34,
fig. B.
1906. Maera masterii Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 439.
1911. Moera » Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 43 [1910], p. 564.
(Non-Chilton, 1912, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol.
48, pt. 2, p. 501.)
The palm of the right 2nd gnathopod has a defining tooth, a tooth
near the hinge and between those another tooth, all three being fairly
strong and acute. Between the defining tooth and the middle tooth
there isa very small tooth. The left 2nd gnathopod is weak, palm ill
defined and without teeth. The telson as in Haswell’s description.
Length: 8 mm.
Colour: In spirit, uniform dull purplish-brown.
Locality: Mozambique (Conducia Bay). Nov. 1912. 1¢. (K.H.B.).
(S.A.M. No. A2471.)
196 Annals of the South African Museum.
Geogr. Distribution: Port Jackson, Australia (Haswell); Torres
Strait (Miers); Kermadec Islands (Chilton).
Marra HAMIGERA (Haswell).
(Plate XX VII. Figs. 11-12.)
1879. Moera hamgera Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
Pod5, plazly hole
1885. Megamoera suensis var. id. ibid. vol. 10, p. 103, pl. 15, figs. 1-4.
1906. Maera hamigera Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 437.
1909. a sf Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 12,
pt. 4, p. 335, pl. 43, fig. 5. é
1910. sp - Stebbing, Sci. Res. ‘‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 600.
Side-plate 1 with a notch at postero-inferior angle. Posterior
margin of 8rd pleon segment with 5-6 somewhat widely spaced
serrations.
Telsonic apices deeply notched, 3 strong spines in the notch, the
middle spine nearly as long as the lobe, the other 2 ¢ as long, imner
margin with 2-3 spiniferous notches.
First antenna, Ist joint with spine on lower apex, 2nd longer than
Ist, flagellum ca. 40-jointed, accessory flagellum 5-jointed. Second
antenna, ultimate joint shorter than penultimate, flagellum ca. 15-
jointed.
Third joint of mandibular palpa trifle shorter than 2nd.
First gnathopod, 4th joint apically acute, palm ill defined, micro-
scopically denticulate, set with spines and setae.
Second gnathopods dissimilar on the two sides, the right larger
than the left, in ¢ 4th joint apically acute, hind margin of 6th longer
than palm, with one or two setiferous notches near the defining tooth,
palm concave between this and the 4-5 denticles near hinge, but with
a small tooth in the centre of the concavity, a submarginal row of 4-5
stout spines, finger fitting within defining tooth, rather strongly
curved and tapering evenly. In a larger specimen, which is otherwise
indistinguishable and seems to be the adult form, there are 4 teeth
defining the palm, arranged transversely, the largest being on the out-
side and a little in advance of the others, the tooth in the centre of
the concave portion of the palm is larger and nearer the other teeth,
so that the convex portion of palm bears 6 teeth which are well
defined and acute; finger fitting into the concavity, very stout,
scimitar-shaped, widening distaily and ending abruptly with a small
ineurved blunt tooth, inner margin convex except at extreme base.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 197
In the left gnathopod the hand is much weaker and more setose,
defining angle of palm rounded, with 3-4 spines, first part of palm
concave, second part convex with a small tooth and 2 pairs of spines ;
in the large specimen the palm is more uniformly straight but armed
with spines and setae.
In 9? right and left 2nd gnaphopods equal in size, the hand being
similar to that of the young 4, elongate-oval, tapering distally, palm
and hind margin subequal and continuous, without defining tooth,
but witha submarginal spine, palm with 2 denticles near the hinge,
both flanked by minute subsidiary denticles, some small denticles
between first tooth and junction with hind margin, finger tapering,
nearly reaching the defining spine.
Hind margin of 2nd joint of 3rd—5th peraeopods serrate.
All the peraeopods with a straight stout spine-seta on inner apex
of 7th joint extending as far as the end of the curved unguis, most
noticeable in the posterior three peraeopods.
Length: § 14and18mm.; 2 8 mm.
Colour: In spirit, yellowish-white, eyes pale brown.
Locality: Glendower Beacon N.} W., distant 16 miles (near Port
Alfred). 66 fathoms. 3 juv.¢ ¢; Cape Natal W.? N. distant 12 miles,
85 fathoms. 1 (the large specimen mentioned above). s.s. “ Pieter
Faure.” 10/9/01 and 17/12/00; Dyer’s Island. April, 1915. (J.
Drury.) 2 ? 9 (lovigerous). (S.A.M. Nos. A188, A192 and A3390.)
Geogr. Distribution: Port Jackson and Port Stephens, Australia
(Haswell); Red Sea (Walker); New South Wales, 54-59 fathoms
(Stebbing).
Gren. ELASMOPUS Costa.
1853. Elasmopus Costa, Rend. Soc. Bourb. n.s. vol. 2, pp. 170, 175.
1906. es Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 441, 732.
1908. ‘ Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 20, p. 483.
1910. _ Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 457.
ELASMOPUS PECTENICRUS Bate.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 33.)
1862. Moera pectenicrus Bate, Cat. Amph. Brit. Mus. p. 192, pl. 34,
fig. 8 (on plate spelt pectinicrus).
1904. Elasmopus serrula Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 277, pl. 8, fig. 37.
3 brasiliensis (part) Stebbing, l.c. p. 443.
1909. 5 serrula Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 396.
198 Annals of the South African Musewm.
In 1906 Stebbing doubtfully included this species with Dana's
brasiliensis. Bate’s figures of his own species are very different from
those which he gives of Dana’s species (presumably copied from
Dana’s work) as regards the two features which distinguish the
species, namely: the 2nd gnathopod of the male and the 2nd joint of
the 4th peraeopod. Dana makes no mention of a tooth on the palm
of the former and figures the 2nd jomt of the 4th paraeopod as
uniformly oval. Chevreux (1910, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 222,
text-fig. 22 and pl. 15, figs. 14-20) follows Dana in the first point
and in the second figures the joint in question rather narrower than
Dana, but nevertheless not at all similar to that of pectenicrus.
These two characters leave no doubt that pectenicrus should be
retained as a species distinct from brasilensis.
As regards Walker’s serrula, young specimens from the same
gathering as the adults are in perfect agreement with his description
and figures; the “ flat-topped teeth of peculiar form ” becoming at the
last (probably) moult longer, more numerous and closely set, and the
hind margin becoming distally concave.
The following description, applying to the South African specimens,
will supplement that of Bate.
Body smooth. Eyes fairly large, oval. Postero-inferior angle of
3rd pleon segment quadrate, with a very minute point, herein differing
from Bate’s figure. Telson as figured by Walker for serrula.
First antenna reaching to 4th peraeon segment, Ist and 2nd joints
subequal, 3rd a little shorter, flagellum not quite as long as peduncle,
ca. 20-jointed, accessory flagellum 3-jointed.
Second antenna reaching base of flagelluin of Ist antenna, 4th and
5th joints subequal, flagellum longer than 5th joint, ca. 10-jointed.
Mouth-parts without particular features.
First gnathopod, as in EF. rapax Costa, anterior margins of 5th and
6th joimts with several transverse rows of setae in 2.
Second gnathopod in Jas figured for serrula; in 2 and young ¢
the 6th joint is elongate-oval, the palm as long as the hind margin
and defined by a spine (but no tooth or projection), the palm bears a
few spinules and the setae are simple and less numerous, inner margin
of finger serrate.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint narrowing slightly distally, hind margin
nearly straight, obscurely serrate.
Fourth peraeopod, 2nd joint strongly narrowed and concave distally,
postero-inferior angle rounded, lower part of hind margin with
numerous, closely-set, spiniform teeth in the adult #,in young $ as
figured for serrula; in 2 the 2nd joint narrows distally as in the
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 1S)8)
adult ¢, but the lower part of hind margin is straight, the teeth are
as in the young 3, but sharper and more closely set.
Fifth peraeopod, hind margin of 2nd joint strongly convex, serrate.
Seventh joint of all the peraeopods with 2-5 spine-setae at inner apex.
Third uropods as figured for serrula.
Length: 6 9mm.; 2 6mm.
Colour: White, with a somewhat irregularly reticulated transverse
violet band on the head and each of the peraeon and pleon segments,
in the median line on the peraeon and pleon there is a lozenge-shaped
patch of the white ground colour surrounded by a border of violet, at
the hinder end of which is a deep violet spot, side-plates and 2nd
joints of 3rd to 5th peraeopods with «a broad violet stripe, antennae
ringed with violet, eyes black.
Locality : Buftels Bay (False Bay). 28/9/18. (K.H.B.) 1 juv.d ;
Durban, Natal. Marchand July, 1915. (H.W. Bell-Marley.) ¢d,
ovigerous 9, and juv. (S.A.M. Nos. A2535, A3376, and A3844.)
Geogr. Distribution: New Guinea (Bate): Ceylon (Walker) ; Zan-
zibar (Walker) ; Suez (Walker).
ELAsMOPUS BOECKII (Haswell).
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 18, 14.)
1879. Megamoera boeckii Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
p. 336, pl. 21, fig. 6.
1899. Hlasmopus am Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 7,
p. 426.
1906. x 7 id. Das Tierreich, 21, p. 445.
Haswell’s description is very brief, and his figure of the 2nd gnatho-
pod is not at all clear, so that it is very doubtful if -the present speci-
men is correctly assigned to his species. Moreover, it is thrice as long
as the original one, which was most probably immature.
Eyes elongate oval, vertical. Peraeon and pleon without serrations
or setae. Side-plate 1 fairly produced forwards, inferior margins of
1-4 not serrate, 5 not as deep as 4 Postero-inferior angle of 3rd
pleon segment quadrate with a very minute point, posterior margin
straight, entire.
Telson cleft for 2 of its length, lobes dehiscent, apices excavate
between two teeth, a small tooth at base of excavation, whence arise
also 2 unequal stout spines.
First antenna reaching to end of peraeon, 2nd joint a little longer
than Ist, 3rd 4 2nd, flagellum shorter than peduncle, ca. 25-jointed,
accessory flagellum 4-jointed, equal to the first 4-5 flagellar joints.
200 Annals of the South African Museum.
Second antenna reaching to middle of flagellum of Ist, gland-cone
inconspicuous, 8rd 4 4th, 5th a little shorter than 4th, flagellum ca.
13-jointed, equal to 4th joint.
Mandibles short and stout, as figured by Walker and Scott for
E. sokotrae (Nat. Hist. Sokotra, 19038, pl. 14 B, fig. la), cutting-edge
obtuse, but with 1 blunt tooth, secondary cutting-edge blunt,
obscurely 4-dentate in left, tridentate in right, spine-row with ca.
6 spines, palp slender, Ist joint } 2nd, 5rd a little longer than Ist,
cylindrical not faleate, sparsely setose.
First maxilla, inner plate fairly stout, with 3 apical plumose setae.
Maxilliped, outer apical angle of inner plate shortly produced.
First gnathopod 2, 4th joint apically rounded, 5th densely setose
on sides and especially on lower margin, 6th as long as but narrower
than 5th, not particularly setose, palm oblique, continuous with hind
margin, finger matching palm.
Second gnathopod ? much larger, 4th joint apically acute, 5th
rounded below, setose, 6th large, elongate-ovate, palm oblique, not as
long as hind margin, slightly concave with 4 strong teeth, the first
defining the palm, the 4th near the hinge and bearing one or two
small accessory teeth, a small tooth between the Ist and 2nd teeth,
finger fitting within defining tooth, slender, evenly curved.
First and second peraeopods not very spinose or setose, hind margin
of 6th with 7 groups of 2-3 spines each.
Third and fifth peraeopods (4th missing), 2nd joint well expanded,
hind margin straight in 3rd, gently convex in 5th peraeopod, with a
few widely-spaced serrations, rounded postero-inferior angle reaching
to end of 3rd, 4th and 5th moderately expanded.
First uropod with marginal spines on inner ramus only.
Third uropod not extending far beyond Ist, rami subequal, thrice as
long as peduncle, apices truncate, both margins spinose.
Length : 12 mm.
Colour; In spirit, whitish, eyes brown.
Locality: Port Elizabeth. Nov. 1914. (F. W. FitzSimons.) 1 9
with embryos. (S.A.M. No. A5058.)
ELASMOPUS LEVIS, 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 15.)
1910. Maera bruzelii Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 457 (non
Stebbing, 1888).
SNL ey mastersu Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soe. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p. 501 (non Haswell, 1879).
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 201
An examination of the specimens, referred by Stebbing in 1910 to
Maera bruzelii, and others from the same locality as the former, has
convinced me that they represent a new species, or at least a very
distinct littoral variety.
Though at first sight they appear to resemble very closely M. bruzelui,
yet they differ in a number of characters :
Side-plate 1 not nearly so much produced forwards, inferior margin
only very faintly serrate and only on posterior half, side-plate 2 not
serrate ; postero-inferior angle of 5rd pleon segment rather more pro-
duced than in Stebbing’s figure of M. bruzelii (corresponding with his
description), but posterior margin not serrate; 2nd jot of mandibular
palp not bent; inner plate of Ist maxilla with 3 apical plumose setae ;
inner plate of maxilliped with outer distal angle sharply produced ;
palm of 2nd gnathopod irregularly dentate, most of the teeth bearing
spines, one tooth near hinge and another near defining angle rather
larger than the rest.
The 3rd-5th peraeopods are very much stouter than in any species
of Maera, and from M. bruzelii in particular they differ in having very
much broader 4th and 5th joints.
First uropod with marginal spines on inner ramus only.
Telsonie apices either rounded off subacutely, or with a minute
setuliferous notch on the apex and a similar one subapically on
either side, the inner one being further from the apex than the
outer.
Further details are as follows: None of the peraeon or pleon seg-
ments dorsally dentate or setiferous; eyes subrotund, Ist joint of
Ist antenna rather shorter than 2nd, with a stout spine on lower apex,
flagellum ca. 50-jointed, accessory flagellum 9-jointed, equal to 2nd
peduncular joint ; gland-cone of 2nd antenna reaching almost to end
of 3rd joint, ultimate joint a little shorter than penultimate, flagellum
shorter than peduncle, ca. 30-jointed; 5rd joint of mandibular palp
subequal to 2nd, straight and sparsely setose.
First gnathopod very similar to that of M. bruzelii, palm minutely
serrulate. Both gnathopods in the 2? similar to those of the ¢, but
the 2nd is not so large.
First and second peraeopods not strongly spinose or setose, hind
margin of 6th with 6 pairs of diverging spines.
Third to fifth peraeopods, hind margin of 2nd joint straight in
peraeopods 3 and 4, slightly convex in 5, serrate in all, rounded
postero-inferior angle reaching nearly to end of 3rd, 4th strongly
expanded, 5th also expanded, but less strongly.
Third uropods, rami subequal, narrow lanceolate, apices tapering to
14,
202 Annals of the South African Museum.
subacute points bearing 2-38 minute setules, inner margin of inner, and
outer margin of outer ramus with 3 small spines.
Length: Up to 17 mm.
Colour : Uniform pink, rarely claret, eyes black.
Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/18. (K.H.B.) god
and ovigerous ? 9 amongst the roots of Ecklonia growing on rocks
at low water; Woodstock beach, Cape Town. 19/6/14. (K.H.B.)
(S.A.M. Nos. A2889 and A2890.)
The specimens from Saldanha Bay, referred by Chilton to Maera
mastersii, seem to belong to this species. Chilton notes their re-
semblance to an Hlasmopus.
Gen. GAMMARUS Fabricius,
1775. Gammarus (part) Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 418.
1906. i Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 460, 733.
1909. > G. Smith, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 11, pt. 4,
pea; ;
1910. cs Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. vol. 16, p. 59.
1912. Sexton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1912, p. 657.
1913. 3 Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 45, p. 571.
The only Gammarus hitherto recorded from South Africa is the
European and Indian G. pulex. Krauss mentions that it was found
in brackish water, and on this account Stebbing (Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust.
p. 456) regards the correctness of the identification as very doubtful.
No mention of the occurrence of the genus in South Africa has since
been made.
The following 4 species are all found within the Cape Peninsula,
and the differentiation is probably the result of long isolation. Up
to the present no specimens have been collected in other districts (if we
except Krauss’ specimens), but it is probable that they will be when a
proper search is instituted.
The 4 South African species fall into two sharply marked divisions:
1. With the 4th side-plate with a posterior produced angle and the
margin above concave, as in the Northern species ; and 2. With the
Ath side-plate subrectangular and similar to the preceding side-plates.
This latter form of side-plate 41s unknown among the representatives
from the Northern hemisphere, but it is noteworthy that among the
Australasian species of the genus there is one belonging to the second
group, namely, G. ripensis Smith 1909, from Tasmania.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 205
Key to the South African species described below :
1. 4th side-plate normal, 7.e. different from the preceding side-
plates, palm of gnathopods slightly oblique.
i. Eyes small, feebly pigmented . G. capensis 0. sp.
i. Eyes large, deeply pigmented . G. nigroculus n. sp.
2. 4th side-plate rectangular, similar to the preceding side-plates,
palm of gnathopods transverse.
i. White, Ist peraeopod not modified
ing, 2nd antenna in ¢ very
stout ‘ ; : : . G. crassicornis n. sp.
u. Brown, Ist peraeopod modified in
adult ¢, 2nd antenna in adult
¢S with an ear-like lobe on 3rd
peduncular joint. : . G. auricularius, a. sp.
GAMMARUS CAPENSIS Nn. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 20-22.)
Head nearly as long as first 2 peraeon segments together. Antero-
lateral angles rounded. Eyes very small, circular, with whitish
pigment, glistening, in spirit becoming invisible. Peraeon segments
5-¢ frequently with a few short setules on posterior margins.
Side-plates 1-3 as deep as their segments, 4 a little deeper and
broader than the preceding ones, inferior margins of 1-4 convex and
setose, antero-inferior angle of 4 rounded, postero-lateral angle
sharp, anterior lobe of 5 not as deep as 4.
Pleon segments 1-3 with a fringe of fine setae on posterior dorsal
margin, 4—6 with longer and more numerous setae, 6 in addition with
2-3 spines on either side near the base of the telson, postero-inferior
angles of 1-3 quadrate, inferior margin of 2 with 3 spines and a few
marginal setae, of 3 with 4 spines and a few marginal setae (the
spines and setae not arranged in transverse rows), posterior margin of
3 with slight setuliferous indents.
Telson as long as broad, cleft almost to base, lobes dehiscent only at
apex, each lobe subquadrangular, apically obliquely truncate, with
2 apical bundles of long setae and 1 spine on outer apical angle,
1 bundle of setae in middle of the distal half and another on outer
margin a little more than one-third from base.
First antenna reaching to end of 3rd pleon segment, its peduncle to
end of penultimate peduncular joint of 2nd antenna, Ist and 2nd
204 Annals of the South African Museum.
joints subequal, 3rd + length of 2nd, flagellum more than twice as
long as peduncle, 48-76 jointed, accessory flagellum 6-8-jointed.
Second antenna about half length of Ist, lst joint stout, as long
as 3rd, 2nd half as long as broad, gland-cone scarely reaching 1
length of 3rd, 4th and 5th subequal, flagellum shorter than peduncle,
20-30 jointed.
The duct opens at the apex of ‘the gland-cone, but through a small
subapical conical papilla on the lower surface.
Upper and lower lips normal.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge in left
lamellar, 4-dentate, in right tubercular with 4—5 prongs, some of them
denticulate, spine-row in left with 10, in right with 4 spines, 2nd joint
of palp thrice Ist, 5rd a trifle longer than 2nd.
First maxilla, inner plate with 8-10 feebly plumose setae, outer
with 9 serrate spines, 2nd joint of palp in left with 10 4+ 4 slender
apical spines, in right with 6 teeth and 1 stout and 1 slender spine on
outer apical angle.
Second maxilla normal.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 3 apical spines and several setae, inner
margin of outer plate with blunt spines passing distally into longer
and plumose setae, apex reaching almost half way along 2nd joint of
palp, 38rd joint of palp half 2nd, 4th 3 8rd and much more slender,
inner margin of 2nd and 38rd thickly fringed with setae.
First and second gnathopods similar to one another, but 2nd rather
larger, 5th joint triangular, 6th oval-oblong, scarcely broader distally
than proximally, palm rather oblique, slightly convex, defined by 1-3
spines in Ist and 3-4 spines in 2nd gnathopod, finger matching palm.
In 2 similar but smaller than in ¢.
First and second peraeopods slender, 2nd joint a little longer than
Ath, 6th a little longer than 5th, hind margins of 5th and 6th with
respectively 4 and 6 groups of spines and setae, hind margin of 7th
with 4 spine-setae.
Third to fifth peraepods, 2nd joimt oval, anterior margin spinose
and setose, hind margin gently convex, serrulate and setose, postero-
inferior angle rounded, reaching to middle of 3rd, 4th a little shorter
than 6th, 5th equal to 2nd, 6th a little shorter than 5th, anterior
margin of 5th and 6th spinose, of 7th with 11-18 spine-setae, 4th to
6th joints densely setose, especially in 5th peraeopod, and more so in
6 than ¢?.
- Branchial lamellae simple.
First uropod, peduncle with 6 spines on inner and 9 on outer upper
margin, rami subequal, a little shorter than peduncle, inner with
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 205
5 marginal spines and bundles of setae, outer with 5 pairs of marginal
spines, both with 3—5 unequal apical spines.
Second uropod shorter, outer ramus shorter than inner, with 4
single marginal spines.
Third uropod extending far beyond Ist and 2nd uropods, peduncle
with 4 spines on upper apical margin, outer ramus 3 times length of
peduncle, 3 pairs of spines along outer margin, 5 pairs along inner,
both margins densely setose, 3-4 apical spines, 2nd joint small, with
a terminal spine, inner ramus 3 length of peduncle, with 6-7 apical
spines.
Length: § 25mm., 2 15-18 mm.
Colour : Pale pinkish, eyes pale red, somewhat glistening ; in spirit,
whitish, eyes chalky-white, or more frequently becoming almost
invisible.
Locality: In the streams on Table Mountain, Muizenberg Moun-
tain, and probably throughout the Cape Peninsula, but not apparently
descending below 500 feet. (K.H.B.) 9, ovigerous 9? 2 and
young. (S.A.M. Nos. A2258, A2552, A2960, A2968, A3033, etc.)
Ab.—Two large 3 specimens, 25 mm. long, caught in the Platteklip
Stream (near the ‘“‘ Breakfast Rock”’), correspond with the above in‘e1
points except the antero-inferior angle of side-plate 4, which is quad-
rate with a short sharp point similar to that of the postero-lateral
angle. I have never found any more specimens resembling these
two and regard them merely as an aberration of capensis. (S.A.M.
No. A195.)
Var. 2.—A form hitherto only found on Muizenberg and Kalk Bay
Mountains and at Buffels Bay, near Cape Point, is distinguished by
having the Ist joint of Ist antenna distinctly stouter than the 2nd
and the whole 2nd antenna much stouter than Ist. In the ¢ this
is especially noticeable, and the 2nd antenna is as long as or some-
times even a little longer than the first. The telson is somewhat shorter
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 22). The pleon is in some specimens less, but
as a rule very much more densely setose than in the typical capensis.
(S.A.M. Nos. A2272, A2961, A3084, and A374.)
Var. B.—A very similar form lives on the Cape Flats (Newlands
and Wynberg. Dr. W. F. Purcell, S.A.M. Nos. 10017, 10021), but
differs in having the 6th joint of gnathopods 1 and 2 distinctly wider
distally than proximally. The specimens are smaller than the average
of capensis, but as there are only 2 and neither is an ovigerous ? it is
impossible to say whether they are adult. I regard these also, for the
present at least, as a variety of capensis.
206 Annals of the South African Museum.
GAMMARUS NIGROCULUS Nn. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 23.)
Head not equal to first 2 peraeon segments, antero-lateral lobe
rounded. Eyes moderate, oval, set close to the margin of the lobe.
Side-plates 1-4 as deep as their segments, inferior margin of 1-3
rounded, setose but less so than in capensis, of 4 sparsely setose,
antero-inferior angle rounded, postero-lateral angle subacute.
Pleon segments 1-3 with a few short setae, 4-5 with more numerous
and longer setae on posterior margin, 6 with a submedian group of
A setae and 1 spine on either side near base of telson, postero-inferior
angle of 3 quadrate, without produced point, posterior margin with a
few slight setiferous indents, inferior margin of 1-3 sparsely setose,
the setae not arranged in transverse rows.
Telson as long as broad, cleft nearly to base, lobes dehiscent only at
apex, tapering slightly, apices rounded, margins and apices setose,
1 large spine on upper surface just beyond middle of outer margin.
First antenna reaching to end of peraeon, the peduncle to middle
of ultimate peduncular joint of 2nd antenna, 2nd joint % Ist, 5rd
$ 2nd, flagellum at least twice as long as peduncle, accessory flagellum
4-jointed.
Second antenna a little stouter than and about half the length of
Ist, gland-cone acute, reaching nearly to end of 3rd joint, 4th and 5th
subequal, flagellum equal to peduncle, ca. 17-jointed.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 5-dentate in left, in right 4-dentate,
secondary cutting-edge 3 dentate in left, in right a 4-pronged tubercle,
spine-row with ca. 5 spines, 2nd joint of palp scarcely 23 times as long
as broad, 3rd equal to 2nd, elongate-diamond shaped, thrice as long
as broad.
First and second gnathopods similar but Ist a little shorter and
stouter, 6th joint not half as long again as 5th, equal in width to 5th,
oblong, not distally widened, palm slightly oblique, gently convex,
defined by 2 spines, finger matching palm.
First and second peraeopods nearly as spinose as in capensis, but
much less setose, especially 2nd and 4th joints, hind margin of 5th
with 5 spines, of 6th with 6 groups of 1 spine and 2 setae each, 7th
with 3 spine-setae on inner margin.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joint oval, anterior margin spinose
but not setose, hind margin serrulate and setose, convex in 3rd peraeo-
pod, straight in distal half in 4th and 5th peraeopods, postero-inferior
angle rounded, reaching to middle of 3rd in 3rd peraeopod, to end of
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 207
3rd in 4th and 5th peraeopods, 7th with 4-5 spine-setae on anterior
margin ; all 3 peraeopods spinose but scarcely at all setose.
First uropod, rami subequal and a little shorter than peduncle,
3 marginal pairs of spines and 5 unequal apical spines on both rami,
inner ramus nonsetose.
Second uropod, outer ramus shorter, both rami with 3 marginal
and four apical spines, inner ramus nonsetose.
Third uropod, only distal half of outer ramus extending beyond
ends of uropods | and 2, peduncle with 3 unequal spines at outer,
4 at inner apical angle, outer ramus nearly three times length of
peduncle, outer margin with 4 groups of 3-4 spines, inner margin
with 2 groups, setae not numerous, 2nd joint small, tipped with
1 spine and 2 setae, inner ramus 4 outer ramus, tipped with 2 spines
and 2 setae.
Length : 10 mm.
Colour : Greyish, eyes black.
Locality : Devil’s Peak, Newlands (Dr. W. F. Purcell); top of
Table Mountain (sed ?) ; Platteklip Gorge, altitude 1000 feet (KX.H.B.) ;
Kirstenbosch, altitude 250 feet (K.H.B.); streams above Oranjezicht,
Cape Town, altitude 400-500 feet (K.H.B.). (S.A.M. Nos. 1270,
A2966, A3032, A3088, and A3059-62 respectively.)
A few males have the 2nd antennae stout compared with the Ist
antennae and a stronger and longer fringe of setae on the anterior
margins of the 3rd—5th peraeopods (in those respects somewhat
approaching G. capensis var. «).
GAMMARUS CRASSICORNIS Ni. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 24, 25.)
Head not quite equal to first 2 peraeon segments. Antero-lateral
lobes rounded truncate. Eyes very small, with whitish pigment,
glistening, invisible in spirit specimens. Side-plates 1-3 as deep as
their segments, all three rectangular and deeper than long, inferior
margin convex and setose, 4 similar to the preceding, without any
postero-lateral angle, posterior margin only very slightly emarginate.
Pleon segments 1-6 with a few setae on posterior margin, setae most
numerous on segments 4 and 5, no spines on 6th near insertion of
telson, postero-inferior angle of 3rd rounded quadrate.
Telson scarcely more than half as long as basal width, cleft nearly
to base, lobes dehiscent, apices rounded-truncate, with 6 long setae,
2 very fine setules on middle of lateral margin.
First antenna reaching to 5th or 6th peraeon segment, 2nd joint
208 Annals of the South African Museum.
3 Ist and more slender, 3rd 3 2nd, flagellum longer than peduncle,
ca 23-jointed in ¢, ca. 19 in 2, accessory flagellum 4-jointed in ¢,
Sn Oy.
Second antenna in adult ¢ reaching to about the middle of
flagellum of 1st antenna, very stout, 2nd joint very short, gland-cone
not prominent, with subapical papilla, 3rd swollen, as wide as long,
4th nearly twice as long as 3rd, slightly stouter, 5th 4 length and
1 width of 4th, to which it is bent at right angles, flagellum longer
than 5th peduncular joint, ca. 10-jointed; in 2 normal, of about the
same thickness as lst antenna, 4th joint 2 5th, flagellum nearly equal
to 4th and 5th together, ca. 10-jointed. Only in fully adult ¢ 2
does the 2nd antenna become swollen ; in immature ¢ ¢ it resembles
that of the °.
Mandibles, cutting-edge narrow, bidentate, secondary cutting-edge
tridentate, palp narrow, 2nd joint 4 times as long as wide, 3rd equal to
2nd but more slender, apex setose.
First and second gnathopods, 2nd joint widening gradually from
narrow base, 5th triangular, 6th longer than 5th and a little wider,
oblong, of same width throughout, palm transverse, slightly convex,
setose, defining angle blunt, with 2 spines, hind margin just proximal
to defining angle, slightly concave, finger not overlapping palm, taper-
ing rapidly; 2nd gnathopod larger than Ist, neither very setose: in
2? similar to ¢ but relatively shorter and stouter.
First and second peraepods sparsely setose, hind margin of 5th joint
with 3 spines, of 6th with 2 pairs of spines, of 7th with 1 spine-seta.
Third to fifth peraeopods not very setose, 2nd joint not strongly
expanded, oblong, postero-inferior angle rounded, reaching to middle
of 3rd, hind margin setose but very feebly serrate, anterior margin of
6th joint with 2 (8rd peraeopod) or 3 (4th and 5th peraeopods) pairs
of spines, of 7th with 1 spine-seta.
First uropod, upper margin of peduncle with 6 spines, rami sub-
equal, with marginal setae (not spines) and apical spines.
Second uropod, peduncle with 5-4 spines on upper margin, outer
ramus shorter than inner, both with apical but not marginal spines.
Third uropod not extending far beyond ends of Ist and 2nd uropods,
peduncle with 5-7 apical spines, outer ramus only half as long again
as peduncle, margins with 2 groups of spines and setae, apex with 3
unequal spines, 2nd joint obsolete, inner ramus } length of outer, with
4 apical spines.
Length: § 8mm., ovigerous 9 9 45-7 mm.
Colour: Whitish, eyes pink.
Locality: Table Mountain, at top of Kasteel’s Poort, Grotto
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 209
Ravine, and Platteklip Gorge ; in small streams or moss damped by
trickling water (perennial). 25/4/14, 21/6/14, and 1/8/15. (K.H.B.)
6 do, ovigerous 2? 2? and young. (S.A.M. Nos. A8031, A8034, and
A3864.)
GAMMARUS AURICULARIUS, N. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 26-28.)
Head not equal to first 2 peraeon segments. Antero-lateral lobes
rounded truncate. Eyes small, circular, glistening white, invisible in
spirit specimens. Side-plates 1-4 as deep as their segments, inferior
margins convex, setose, 4 similar to and not much wider than 8, no
postero-lateral angle, hind margin very slightly emarginate. Pleon
segments 4 and 5 and to a lesser extent also 3 setose on hind margins,
postero-inferior angle of 3 rounded-quadrate, inferior margins of 1-3
sparsely setose.
Telson 2 as long as basal width, lobes dehiscent, apices rounded,
setose.
First antenna reaching to 5th peraeon segment, peduncle reaching
just beyond apex of penultimate peduncular joint of 2nd antenna,
2nd joint ¢ Ist, 3rd } 2nd, flagellum longer than peduncle, ca. 25-
jointed in ¢, 20 in 2, accessory flagellum 8-jointed.
Second antenna reaching to middle of flagellum of Ist antenna,
gland-cone not prominent, with subapical papilla, 3rd and 4th joints
stout, 3rd in fully adult G with a large oval ear-like lobe on outer
apex, extending to middle of 4th, 4th and 5th subequal but 5th more
slender, flagellum equal to 3rd—5th joints together, ca. 14-jointed ; in
? 8rd joint normal, 38rd and 4th normal in width, flagellum 8-
jointed.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, accessory cutting-edge 4-dentate
in left, bidentate in right, palp slender, 3rd joint not equal to 2nd.
First and second gnathopods, 2nd joint of nearly equal width
throughout, 6th longer than 5th, oblong, scarcely wider distally, palm
transverse, convex, defining angle blunt, with 38 spines, finger matching
palm; 2nd gnathopod the larger; in 2 similar but smaller.
First peraeopod in adult ¢ shorter than 2nd, 4th joint slightly
expanded on hind margin, wider distally than proximally, 5th with a
subacute lobe at base of hind margin, bearing 1 spine, margin thence
to apex sinuous with a central rounded prominence, setose, 6th longer
than 4th, slightly curved, hind margin setose but not spinose, 7th
with 1 spine-seta near apex of hind margin; in 9 normal as in 2nd
peraeopod.,
210 Annals of the South African Museum.
Second peraeopod normal, 4th and 5th joints cylindrical, not
expanded on hind margin, 6th equal to but not longer than 4th, hind
margin with 3 groups of 5 spines and several setae.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 4th and 5th peraeopods subequal, 3rd
shorter, 2nd joint moderately expanded, postero-inferior angle reaching
to middle of 3rd, rounded, hind margin setose and slightly serrate,
7th without spine-setae on anterior margin, 4th and 5th peraeopods
setose on anterior margins of joints, 5rd peraeopod almost nonsetose,
but with a few spines.
First uropod, peduncle with 1 apical spine and several spinules on
upper margin, rami equal, with 2-3 marginal and 4-5 apical spines.
Second uropod, peduncle with 3 marginal spines, outer ramus
shehtly shorter than inner, both with two marginal and 4-5 apical
spines.
Third uropod, peduncle with 4 apical setae, outer ramus not
extending far beyond end of Ist and 2nd uropods, twice length of
peduncle, 2 marginal groups of spines and setae, 3 unequal apical
spines and some setae, 2nd joint obsolete, inner ramus half length of
peduncle, with 4 apical spines.
Length: 8 8mm., 2? 6mm.
Colour: Light brown, slightly mottled, eyes glistening white.
Locality : In streams on top of Table Mountain; (Echo Valley and
top of Kasteel’s Poort). 24/8/18, 6/11/18, and 7/12/13. (K.H.B.)
6 5, ovigerous ? ? and young. (S8.A.M. Nos. A2962, A2599 and
A2634).
Famity DEXAMINIDAE.
1813/14. Deaameridae Leach, Edinb. Eneyel. vol. 7, p. 432.
1876. Devaminae Boeck, Skand. Arkt. Amphip. vol. 2, p. 510.
1888. Dexaminidae Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, pp. 573, 900.
1893. Dexaminidi (part) Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 556.
1894. Atylidae (part) G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 461.
1906. Dexaminidae Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 514.
1910. 2 id. Sci. Res. “‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 602.
Gen. POLYCHERIA Haswell.
1879. Polycherva Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4, p. 345.
1882. be , Polychelia G. M. Thomson, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 14,
p- 233.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 211
1898. Polycheria, Polycharia Calman, Ann. N.Y. Ac. vol. 11, pp. 261,
268, 288.
1905. es Walker in Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. Lace. Arch. vol. 2,
p- 926.
1906. be Stebbing, l.c. pp. 519, 735.
PoOLYCHERIA ANTARCTICA (Stebbing).
1875. Dexamine antarctica Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4,
vol. 15, p. 184, pl. Lda, fig. 1.
1878. Atylus antarcticus id. ibid. ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 370.
1879. Polycheria tenuipes Haswell, l.c. p. 345, pl. 22, fig. 8.
1879: 7 brevicornis id. ibid. p. 346.
1882. ee obtusa G. M. Thomson, l.c. p. 233, pl. 17, fig. 3.
1888. Tritaeta antarctica Stebbing, lc. p. 941.
1888. », kergueleni id. ibid. p. 941, pl. 83.
1893. Polycheria antarctica Della Valle, l.c. p. 580, pl. 58, figs. 83, 84.
1898. Zs osborni Calman, l.c. p. 268, pl. 82, fig. 2.
1904. Tritaeta antarctica, Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Rep. pt. 2, p. 266, pl. 4, fig. 25.
1905. Polycheria atolli id. le. p. 926, pl. 88, figs. 1-5.
1906. i tenuipes Stebbing, lc. p. 520.
1906. a antarctica id. ibid. p. 520, figs. 90, 91.
1907. i a Walker, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, p. 34.
1909. i atoll id. Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4, p- 337.
£912. “s antarctica Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soe. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p- 002.
Chilton has given reasons for uniting all the above “ species’ under
the one name; and has detailed the points of resemblance and differ-
ence found in a single specimen from South Africa.
In order to facilitate comparison and show the range of variation,
the characteristics of other South African specimens are here set out.
Two specimens from near Saldanha Bay, but from deeper water than
Chilton’s specimen, may be cited first :
Size of eye, proportionately to head, as figured by Stebbing for
T. kerqueleni.
Teeth on 4th and 6th pleon,segments well marked.
Telson reaching just beyond middle of rami of 3rd uropod, outer
margin with only one small spinule at middle and two between this
and apex.
Side-plate 4 short, blunt, not acutely produced.
212 Annals of the South African Museum.
First maxilla with palp strongly enlarged distally, not tapering as in
Stebbing’s figure of 7. kergueleni.
Second maxilla with inner margin of inner plate well fringed with
plumose setae.
Maxilliped with outer plate equal to palp, the distal half of its
inner margin with 7 spinules, the basal half bare.
Sixth joint of Ist and 2nd gnathopods as figured by Stebbing, but
that of 2nd rather narrower.
Sixth jomt of Ist—5th peraeopods parallel-sided, not distally
expanded.
Outer ramus of 2nd uropod half length of inner ramus, both un-
armed.
Third uropod with subequal unarmed rami.
Specimens from St. James show the following peculiarities :—Seven
specimens collected on 29/4/12 have no trace of the teeth on the 4th
and 6th pleon segments, whereas many others collected on 15/2/14
have well-marked teeth; eyes variable in size; telson reaching to
middle of rami of 3rd uropod, apices acute but frequently stout and
appearing almost unguiform, 2—4 spines on lateral margins ; side-plate
4 sometimes produced in a rounded lobe, never acute: palp of Ist
maxilla slightly wider distally than proximally, Ist joint very obscure ;
inner margin of inner plate of 2nd maxilla well fringed with plumose
setae; inner margin of outer plate of maxilliped with 8-11 spines;
enathopods and peraeopods as in the two Saldanha Bay specimens
(supra) ; rami of Ist and 2nd uropods unarmed, outer ramus of 2nd
uropod half length of inner ramus; rami of 3rd uropod subequal,
3—4 spines on outer margin of outer ramus.
Length: 5mm.; one ¢ from St. James 6°5 mm.
Colour : In spirit, dull greyish, eye maroon ; in life, cream-coloured,
eye brownish, specimens taken out of a blood-red coloured compound
Ascidian (Goodsiria placenta) were salmon-red with crimson eyes.
Locality: Paternoster Point SE. 3 E., distant 9 miles (off Saldanha
Bay). 80 fathoms. 2 specimens. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 17/3/02;
St. James (False Bay). 29/4/12 and 15/2/14. Several ¢@d and
inunature specimens lying on their backs in holes made in encrusting
sponges (Halichondria) at low-tide. (K.H.B.); Buffels Bay (False
Bay). 1/3/15. (QCH.B.) 3866. (S.A.M. Nos. A2791, A2108,
A2916 and A3295 respectively.) ;
Also in the compound Ascidian Gynandrocarpa domuncula on the
backs of the crab Pseudodromia latens Stimpson and the compound
Ascidian Goodsiria placenta.
Geogr. Distribution: 77° 80' 8. 175° E. 300 fathoms (Stebbing:
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 213
D. antarctica); Port Jackson, 2 fathoms (Haswell: P. tenuipes and
brevicornis) ; Paterson Inlet, N.Z.,10 fathoms (Thomson : P. obtusa) ;
Kerguelen Island, 23 and 127 fathoms (Stebbing: T. kergueleni) ;
Puget Sound (Calman: P. osborni) ; Ceylon (Walker: T. antarctica) ;
Maldives (Walker: P. atolli) ; McMurdo Sound (Walker : P.
antarectica) ; Seychelles and Wasin, B.E.A., 10 fathoms (Walker :
P. atolli); South Orkneys; South Georgia, and Saldanha Bay, 25
fathoms (Chilton).
Gen. GUERNEA Chevreux.
1868. Hellerxa Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 2, p. 418.
(non Ebner 1868.)
1887. Guernea Chevreux, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., vol. 12, p. 302.
1887. Prianassus Hansen, Vid. Meddel. ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 82.
1890. Guernea Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 192.
1893. 5 Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 570.
1904. 59 Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. Rep.
17, p. 266.
1906. fa Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 521.
GUERNEA LAEVIS Chevreux.
1887. Guernea laevis Chevreux, l.c. p. 328.
1904. 3 », Walker, Le. p. 267, pl. 4, fig. 26.
mtg0b! coalita Stebbing, lc. pp. 521, 735.
The division between pleon segments 3 and 4 not strongly marked,
seoments 5 and 6 fused and evenly rounded, with a dorsal median
groove between two keels, neither the 4th segment nor the keels
serrate.
Side-plate 1 shallower than the other side-plates, narrowed below to
subacute apex, 2-4 subequal in depth, rounded below, 2 straight, 3
and 4 slightly curved backwards, hind margins concave, posterior lobe
of 5 equal in depth to 4, anterior lobe } depth of posterior lobe, 7
slightly larger than 6. Pleon segment 3 with postero-inferior angles
rounded.
Telson ovate, cleft nearly to base, apices subacute, each with a
setule.
First antenna, Ist joint oblong, twice length of 2nd, 3rd half length
of 2nd, flagellum not quite equal to 1st joint, 4-jointed.
Second antenna, Ist—3rd joints short and broad, 4th nearly twice
length of Ist-3rd together and rather broader, the inferior margin
214 Annals of the South African Musewm.
convex and setose, 5th nearly equal to width of 3rd, but narrower than
4th, flagellum equal to 5th joint, 3-jointed, 2nd and 8rd joints minute.
Lower lip, outer lobes apically subacute, with a small incurved
apical point, inner lobes well-developed, mandibular process obsolete.
Mandibles stout, triangular, strongly calcified, cutting-edge blunt,
secondary cutting-edge a small but stout lamella, acute in the one
mandible and bifid in the other, no spine-row, molar blunt.
First maxilla, inner plate apically obtuse, inner apex with 1 seta,
outer plate with ca. 7 spines, palp stout, 2nd joint slightly longer than
Ist and tipped with 3 setae.
Second maxilla, plates fused at base, inner plate not much broader
than outer, shghtly curved outwards, apex rounded, with 5 setae on
apex and distal inner margin, outer plate a good deal longer than
inner, curved inwards, apex rounded and setose, 1 seta on distal outer
margin.
Maxilliped, outer plate reaching to end of 2nd joint of palp, inner
margin with stout spine-setae, 4th joint of palp very small.
First gnathopod, 5th joint not quite as long as 6th, inferior margin
with 4 setae, 6th distinctly longer than wide, palm transverse, slightly
convex, defined by 3 spines, finger equal to palm, with accessory tooth
at base of unguis.
Second gnathopod similar but more slender, 2nd joint not constricted
proximally, 5th not longer than 6th.
First and second peraeopods, 4th jot longer than 6th which is
longer than 5th, hind margin of 5th with 6 long spines, increasing in
length distally, 6th with 4 spimules on distal hind margin.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joimt rhomboidal, anterior margin more
expanded distally, proximally straight and setulose, distally rounded,
smooth, hind margin with the angular projection in the middle,
apically subacute, margin above straight, margin below concave, 4th
ovate, shorter than 6th which is slender, finger also slender.
Fourth peraeopod, 2nd joint expanded, a little longer than broad,
hind margin evenly rounded, 4th with stout plumose setae, finger and
uneuis shghtly curved.
Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint longer than broad, widest proximally,
distally narrowing, 4th and 5th joints with stout plumose setae, 6th
slender, unarmed, finger and unguis straight.
First and second uropods, outer ramus longer than inner, with
3 marginal spines in Ist uropod, apices of rami of both uropods with
1 large and 2 small spines.
Third uropod, rami rather broader than in Ist and 2nd uropods,
subequal, unarmed.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 215
Length: 2°5 mm.
Colour: Dull yellowish, peraeon segments 6 and 7 and pleon
segment 1 bright orange.
Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 26/2/14. (K.H.B.) ? 9,
some ovigerous. (S8.A.M. No. A2956.)
Geogr. Distribution : Brittany (Chevreux) ; Ceylon (Walker).
The differences between these and Walker’s Ceylon specimens
are to be found in the Ist side-plates, 2nd and 4th joints of peraeopod
3 and the plumose setae on peraepods 4 and 5.
Walker does not specially mention the 2nd maxilla, but says the
mouth-parts “seem to agree with Della Valle’s figures.” In the
South African specimens the 2nd maxilla is very different from Della
Valle’s figure, the inner plate being relatively smaller.
These small differences, however, are scarcely important enough to
separate the Ceylon and South African specimens.
Famity TALITRIDARE.
1813/14. Orchestidae Leach, Edinb. Enevel. vol. 7, p. 482.
1857. Subfam. Talitrint Costa, Mem. Acc. Napoli, vol. 1, p. 173.
1906. Talitridae Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 523, 735.
ITO: ‘ id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 458.
1910. =. Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 16, p- 61.
Among the representatives of this family in South Africa is Orchestia
bottae, recorded by Krauss and retained in the General Catalogue by
Stebbing. It is almost certain that Krauss was wrong in his identi-
fication, but as I have not been able to see his specimens I cannot
throw any further hight on this species. From the habitat given by
Krauss, “in algae on the coast,” one would suspect it to be a species
of Hyale. (See Parorchestia dassenensis infra.)
Gren. TALORCHESTIA Dana.
1853. Subgen. Talorchestia Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 310.
1906 Talorchestia Stebbing, l.c. pp. 543, 735 (references).
1914. Ps Tattersall, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. 8, pt. 5, p. 449.
Bate’s South African species 7. africana still remains rather
doubtful owmg to the elusiveness of the male. H. W. Bell-Marley,
Esq., of Durban, has so far been unable to find this sex, though he
has forwarded several females to Mr. Stebbing and to this Museum.
216 Annals of the South African Museum.
TALORCHESTIA CAPENSIS (Dana).
1853. Orchestia capensis Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 18, 2, p. 866,
pl. 58, figs 38a, b.
1862. . 55 Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 23, pl. 4,
He, 2:
1898. a Ae Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. 20, p. 506,
pl. 57, fig. 69.
1906. Be = Stebbing l.c. p. 537.
1910. “3 ES id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 458.
The female of this species has hitherto remained undescribed.
Female. First antenna, 1st joint widest and longest, 3rd not much
larger than Ist flagellar joint, flagellum shorter than peduncle, 5-
jointed, both peduncle and flagellum very sparsely spinose.
Second antenna, ultimate peduncular joint not twice as long as
penultimate, flagellum not as long as peduncle, 13-jointed, peduncle
and flagellum very sparsely spinose.
First gnathopod simple, although the inner apical angle of 6th joint
is distinct, finger a little shorter than width of 6th, stout, unguis half
length of finger.
Second gnathopod, 2nd joint not strongly expanded on anterior
margin, apical process of 6th rounded, but not at all curved upwards.
The following details apply to both sexes :
First maxilla, inner plate with 2 plumose setae, outer plate with 9
spines. Remaining mouth-parts as described below for T. quadri-
spinosa.
Second peraeopod, 7th joint oblong, with a sudden constriction near
apex, inner margin proximal to the constriction bisinuate and slightly
concave, unguis + length of finger.
Third and fourth peraeopods, hind margin of 2nd joint with slight
setiferous indents.
Fifth peraeopod, hind margin of 2nd joint slightly crenulate and
bearing on distal portion long setae.
First and second uropods, rami subequal, much shorter than
peduncle in Ist, a little longer than peduncle in 2nd uropod.
Third uropod, ramus and peduncle subequal.
Telson rounded, with small apical incision, strongly spinose.
In the male the finger of the 2nd gnathopod has a semicircular
incision at base of inner margin for the reception of the tubercle on
paln.
In a specimen 15 mm. long the palm of 2nd gnathopod has only a
very slight indication of the concavity characteristic of the adult ¢;
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 217
in one 18 mm. long there is a small but deep notch just proximal to
the tooth near the hinge.
Length: § 22 mm., 2 18 mm.
Colour : Whitish, eyes biack.
Locality : Lambert’s Bay, Clanwilliam Div. February, 1898. (R.
Pattison.) 1 9,2 2 2 ; Kommetije (Atlantic coast, Cape Peninsula).
1897. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) ¢ ¢; Atlantic Coast, near Cape of Good
Hope. 29/9/18. (K.H.B.) 3S, 2 9 and young. (S.A.M. Nos. 10018,
A235, and A2532 respectively.)
TALORCHESTIA QUADRISPINOSA 0. sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 29-32.)
1836. Orchestia fischerii Guerin, Iconogr. ou Regne Anim. pl. 26, fig. 3,
and 1843. LExplication des Planches,
p. 22. (non M. Edwards. ? 1828 and
1830.)
1910. Orchestoidea ,, Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 459. (non
M. Edwards. )
Bearing a strong superficial likeness to Orchestoidea fischeri
(M. Edw.)
Body broadly rounded, not compressed. Eyes subrotund, their
distance apart dorsally equal to or less than their greatest diameter.
Anterior lobe of 5th side-plate as deep as 4th side-plate, length of 5th
not greater than that of two peraeon segments.
Pleon segments 1 and 2 each with 2 (not 3 as in M. Edwards’
species) medio-dorsal upstanding spines in adult ¢, obscure in im-
mature males, segment 3 with 2 very obscure tubercles, pleon unarmed
in 2, segments 4 and 5 not scabrous (as they are in O. fischerit
M. Edvw.), postero-inferior angle of 3 quadrate, acutely but slightly
produced.
Telson about as broad as long, apex with a very shallow emargination
in the adult only, in immature specimens apex subacute, upper surface
with numerous spines.
First antenna, lst and 2nd joints subequal, 5rd a little longer,
flagellum equal to 3rd joint, 6-jointed in g, 5 in ?, reaching just
beyond end of penultimate peduncular joint of 2nd antenna.
Second antenna, ultimate joint equal to penultimate plus antepen-
ultimate, which are subequal, all three joints spinose, penultimate
with 2 transverse rows of spines on dorsal surface as well as an apical
15
218 Annals of the South African Museum.
circlet, flagellum barely as long as peduncle, ca. 21-jointed in 4, ca. 17
in 2:
Upper lip, distal margin strongly convex and setose.
Lower lip, lobes short, broad, apically truncate, inner apical angle
rounded, setose.
Mandible, cutting-edge with 2 large and 5 small teeth, secondary
cutting-edge in left 5-dentate, in right 5-dentate, spine-row with ca. 5
spines.
First maxilla, inner plate with 3 plumose setae, outer plate with
9 spines.
Second maxilla, inner plate shorter and narrower than outer, more
pointed apically, with a large stout plumose seta at junction of inner
and apical margins.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 3 blunt teeth on truncate apex, outer
plate not extending very much beyond inner plate (to middle of 2nd
joint of palp), 4th joint of palp quite obsolete.
First gnathopod in ¢, 4th joint without apical process, 5th longer
than 6th, with pellucid apical lobe, 6th not widening much distally,
subchelate, inner apex with a rounded lobe, finger (excluding unguis)
reaching to end of this lobe, with 2 setules on its inner apex,
unguis unusually long, as long as finger; in 2, 2nd joint wider than
in $, 5th without apical lobe, 6th simple, slightly tapering, finger and
unguis asin ¢.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 6th joint large, cordiform, hind margin
short, bearing spines at equal distances apart, a very small defining
tubercle, first portion of palm evenly convex and bearing spines as on
the hind margin, the distal portion of palm concave, smooth, with a
strong triangular tooth, spinuliferous at its apex, situate near the
hinge, finger as long as palm, curved, inner margin slightly emarginate
at the base; in 9, 2nd joint rather strongly expanded on anterior
margin (half as long again as broad), 4th in the Dassen Island
specimens apically produced downwards as a narrow subacute lobe, 5th
broader proximally than distally and equal to 6th joint including its
apical process, which is rounded and slightly curved upwards, finger
and curved unguis very short.
Second peraeopod, 7th joint sharply constricted, but its appearance
is better described as having a tubercle in middle of inner margin,
unguis long but not equal to 7th.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint expanded, rather broader than long,
hind margin evenly convex, setuliferous, 7th slender, unguis not equal
to 7th.
Fourth peraeopod in ¢ very long, 2nd joint enormously expanded,
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 219
not regularly oval but widest proximally, where it extends upwards as
a rounded lobe, narrowing gradually distally to almost normal width,
postero-inferior angle rounded, not extending beyond middle of 3rd,
hind margin setuliferous, 4th and 5th joints not expanded, 6th longer
than 5th and equal to anterior margin of 2nd, slender, curved ; 7th
slender, unguis % length of 7th; in 2 not remarkably long, 2nd
expanded, oval a little longer than broad; hind margin evenly convex,
setuliferous ; 6th equal to 2nd, slender, straight.
Fifth peraeopod in gf reaching only to the end of 5th joint of
peraeopod 4, 2nd joint strongly expanded, upper posterior angle sub-
quadrate, not produced upwards, width greatest distally, postero-
inferior angle rounded, inferior margin transverse, hind and inferior
margins crenulate and spinulose, 4th and 5th joints not expanded,
6th equal to 2nd, straight; in ? nearly as long as peraeopod 4, 2nd
joint expanded similarly to that of peraeopod 4, but as broad as long,
with a subquadrate upper posterior angle, margin crenulate and
setulose.
First and second uropods, rami shorter than peduncle, outer a little
longer than inner in Ist uropod, rami in 2nd subequal, margins of
peduncle and both rami spinose.
Third uropod, ramus a little longer than peduncle, with marginal
and apical spines.
Length : 22 mm.
Colour : Whitish, eyes dark brown.
Locality : Dassen Island, West and East Coasts of Cape Peninsula.
(Dr. W. F. Purcell, R. M. Lightfoot, and K.H.B.) ¢ 6, 2? ? and
young. (S.A.M. Nos. 1256, 1283, A2514, and A2875,)
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 32.)
A curious form of 2nd gnathopod is found in 2 small ¢ ¢ from
Dassen Island. They measure 10 mm. and show no trace of the
dorsal spines on the pleon or of the expanded 2nd joint of 4th
peraeopod. The Ist gnathopod is as described above. The 2nd
gnathopod has the 2nd joint cylindrical and stout but not expanded
asin 9, 4th rounded below, 5th shorter than wide, 6th twice as long
as 5th, wider at base and increasing in width distally, where width
nearly equals the length, palm transverse, rather strongly emarginate,
the emarginate portion either straight or slightly convex, armed with
a few spinules, defining lobe rounded, semipellucid, finger straight,
reaching to base of defining lobe, unguis indistinguishable.
The exact nature of these specimens it is difficult to determine.
The series is not very extensive, and all the Dassen Island specimens
220 Annals of the South African Museum.
were collected at the same time of year, so that we have no idea of
the possible seasonal changes in the two sexes. The hand of the
2nd gnathopods (ordinary form) attains its distinctive shape much
sooner than in 7’. capensis. Hermaphroditism may be the cause of the
present “abnormal” form. A similar specimen with a 2nd gnathopod
approaching the ? form was found among the specimens of Paror-
chestia tenuis (Dana). (See below.)
TALORCHESTIA AUSTRALIS Nl. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 33, 34.)
Body not very broad. Eyes round, their distance apart equal to
their diameter. Side-plates not very deep, 2 without a strongly pro-
duced lobe on upper posterior angle, 5 almost as deep as 4, its lobes
subequal in depth, its length equal to 14 segments.
Pleon unarmed, postero-inferior angle of segment 3 quadrate, not
produced.
Telson with apical incision, spinose.
First antenna reaching in ¢ to middle, in 2 to end of penultimate
peduncular joint of 2nd antenna, Ist joimt a little broader than long,
2nd and 3rd much more slender, 2nd 14 times as long as Ist, 3rd a
little shorter than 2nd, flagellum equal to last two peduncular joints
together, 6-jomted in f,4in @.
Second antenna reaching in g to end of 8rd, in 2 to end of 2nd,
peraeon segment, penultimate joint stout, longer than ultimate,
flagellum equal to penultimate joint, 15-jointed in g,13in 2. Both
antennae feebly spinose.
First maxilla, inner plates with 2 plumose setae, outer plate with
9 spines. Remaining mouth-parts as in 7. quadrispinosa.
First gnathopod in 9, 5th jot triangular, with a prominent apical
lobe, 6th shorter than 5th, oblong imner apex produced as a subacute
lobe, palm concave, finger reaching to end of lobe, unguis as long as
finger, extending beyond lobe; in @ 6th joint simple, shorter than
5th, 5th and 6th both with a long stout spine, as well as smaller
spines, on inner distal margin, finger and unguis asin 3.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 6th joint suboblong, greatest width across
the defining angle, palm nearly transverse, slightly convex, passmg
into the slightly shorter hind margin without any prominent angle or
tooth, furnished with spines arranged mostly in pairs, finger match-
ing palm, evenly curved; in 2 2nd joint not expanded on front
margin, 4th with a not very produced apical lobe, 5th broadly lobed,
6th as long as 5th, apical projection rounded, scarcely upturned.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 221
Second peraeopod, 7th joint with a small tubercle in middle of inner
margin, unguis scarcely half, length of 7th.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joint expanded, its hind margin in
peraeopod 4 nearly straight, in 5 slightly convex, distal part of hind
margin and inferior angle slightly serrulate and spinulose.
First and second uropods, rami respectively shorter and subequal to
peduncle.
Third uropod, ramus subequal to peduncle.
Length: 3 17 mm., 2 13 mm.
Colour : Whitish, eyes dark brown.
Locality : West and East coasts of the Cape Peninsula. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell and R. M. Lightfoot.) ¢ 3, 9 2 and young. (S.A.M.
Nos. 1527-9, 1284, A2460.)
This species is very like T. brito Stebbing from the North Devon
coast, but possesses certain well-marked features of its own. The 6th
joint of the first gnathopod in ¢ has a narrower process and distal
margin is more strongly concave, the palm of the second gnathopod
in g is more transverse, 2nd antenna in g stouter and telson more
deeply incised and more spinose than in 7’. brito.
TALORCHESTIA ANCHEIDOS D. sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 35, 36.)
Closely allied to the last species. Body not very broad. Eyes sub-
rotund, their distance apart Jess than their diameter. Side-plates not
very deep, 2nd with a strongly produced rounded lobe on upper
posterior angle, 5th as deep as 4th, lobes subequal in depth. Postero-
inferior angle of pleon segment 3 very slightly produced, posterior
margin slightly concave.
Telson with apical incision, spinose.
First antenna reaching to end of penultimate peduncular joint of
2nd antenna, 3rd joint in ¢ longer than 2nd (but not equal to Ist
plus 2nd), in @ equal to 2nd, flagellum nearly equal to 2nd plus 3rd,
6-joited in 3, 4-jointed in ?.
Second antenna reaching nearly to end of 3rd peraeon segment in 3,
2nd in ?, ultimate joint longer than penultimate, flagellum equal to
last two peduncular joints together, 17-jointed in 3, 13-jointed.
ine: .
Mouth-parts as in 7’. quadrispinosa.
First gnathopod in ¢, 4th joint not expanded, 5th strongly ex-
panded, the lobe broad and rounded, distal margin only slightly con-
cave, 6th shorter than 5th, also strongly expanded, distal margin
222, Annals of the South African Museum.
nearly straight, finger and unguis not reaching apex of lobe (cf. T.
novae-hollandiae Stebb.), numerous scattered spines on the joints; in
? 6th joint simple, shorter than 5th, both spimose, but without any
specially large spines.
Second gnathopod in 3, 2nd joint very similar to that of T. australis
but oval, greatest width just before the middle, whence tapering to
hinge, palm and hind margin forming an almost even curve without
defining tooth or process, palm convex, spinose, finger strongly curved,
a little longer than palm and overlapping the margin at the end; in ?
2nd joint expanded on front margin, twiceas long as wide, 4th not lobed,
5th not very strongly lobed, 6th a little shorter than 5th, apical
projection bluntly rounded.
Second peraeopod, 7th joimt with inner margin sinuous, not
constricted.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joint moderately expanded, its hind
margin in 38rd and 4th peraeopods with minute setuliferous serrations,
in 5th regularly crenulate and setulose.
First uropod, outer ramus with apical spines only.
Length: 3 12°5mm., ? 10 mm.
Colour: Whitish, eyes dark brown,
Locality: West and Hast coasts of the Cape Peninsula. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell and R. M. Lightfoot.) ¢@ gd and ? 2. (S.A.M. Nos. 1260-2.)
This species possesses a Ist gnathopod in ¢ like that of 7. novae-
hollandie Stebb. together with a 2nd gnathopod similar to that of
T. brito Stebb. It is distinguished from 17’. australis by the greater
proximity of the eyes, the 2nd side-plate, the 2nd gnathopod in ¢ and
the finger of 2nd peraeopod. The females of this species and australis
ean be distinguished by the 2nd side-plate, the 2nd joint of 2nd
enathopod and absence of large spines on 5th and 6th joints of Ist
enathopod.
The name is compounded of ayxs near, and eos an appearance.
Gen. TALITRIATOR Methuen.
1913. Valitriator Methuen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1913, pt. 1, p. 109.
In his generic diagnosis Methuen says : ‘‘ Like Talitrus except for the
fifth side-plate. .. .”’ This refers presumably to the difference in the
size of the lobes, the anterior lobe being uch bigger than the posterior
in Talitriator, but only a little bigger in Talitrus (ef. Sars’ figure of
T. locusta in Crust. Norw. vol. 1, pl. 9).
Now Sayce (Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. vol. 22, pt. 1, p. 29, pls. 11; 12,
1909) has given detailed descriptions and figures of the two Australian
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 223
species Talitrus sylvaticus Haswell and T. kershawi Sayce, both of
which possess a 5th side-plate of the same character as Talitriator. In
addition they have the palp of maxilliped 4-jointed, telson longer than
broad, a triangularly expanded 5th joint in Ist gnathopod, and the Ist
antenna only slightly shorter than the peduncle of 2nd antenna.
It seems therefore expedient to transfer the two Australian species
to the present genus, which may be defined as follows:
Like Talitrus, but with anterior lobe of 5th side-plate much larger
than the posterior lobe, Ist antenna only slightly shorter than peduncle
of 2nd antenna, palp of maxilliped 4-jointed, lst gnathopod not so
long as 2nd gnathopod and not stronger, 5th joint of Ist gnathopod
distally expanded, 2nd joint of 5rd peraeopod moderately or scarcely
at all expanded, telson longer than broad. Genotype: 7. eastwoodae
Methuen. Includes also T. sylvaticus (Haswell) and T. kershawi
(Sayce).
There is, however, one feature which separates 7’. eastwoodae from
both Valitrus and also the two Australian species and to which Methuen
has not drawn attention: namely, the subacute projection on the upper
posterior augle of the 2nd side-plate.
TALITRIATOR EASTWOODAE Methuen.
1913. Taliatriator eastwoodae Methuen, l.c. p. 110, pls. 10, 11.
I have examined 4 specimens from the original locality in the
Transvaal, kindly presented to the South African Museum by Hon.
P. A. Methuen and labelled by him as “Types.” I find that the
postero-inferior angles of pleon segments 2 and 38 are not quite so
produced as in Methuen’s figure (pl. 11, fig. 12), in fact there is no
produced point on the 2nd at all in two of the specimens. The 2nd
antenna reaches to the end of the 3rd peraeon segment.
There is also in the Museum a considerable number of specimens
from the Cape Peninsula and other districts, all of which I consider
to be specifically the same as eastwoodae. I have also come to the
conclusion that Methuen’s specimens were probably not quite mature.
Needless to say the specimens show a certain amount of variability,
not, however, very great, The size of the adults also varies a little.
The largest specimens measure 16 mm., and in these the 2nd
antenna reaches to the 4th-6th peraeon segment, its flagellum 24—28-
jointed, that of lst antenna 6-8-jointed, 5th and 6th joints of Ist
gnathopod more elongate than in the Type specimens, the process of
the 6th joint of 2nd gnathopod longer and more pointed and curved
upwards, the upper margin being concave.
224 Annals of the South African Museum.
Between these large specimens and the Transvaal specimens (and
Cape specimens of the same size as these latter) there is every
gradation in the length of the 2nd antennae and number of flagellar
joints, and the length of 5th and 6th joints of 1st gnathopod and 6th
joint of 2nd gnathopod.
Length : 16 mm.
Colour : Brown, peraeon and pleon segments banded transversely
with reddish, eyes black ; in spirit all the colour, except that of the
eves, fades to whitish.
Locality: Widely distributed. In the Cape Peninsula it is to be
found abundantly in the damp earth and moss near streams and
waterfalls, ranging from near sea-level up to the top of Table
Mountain, 3500 feet. Also: Stellenbosch; Sir Lowry’s Pass; Ceres ;
Wellington ; Clanwilliam Division; Swellendam ; George; Knysna ;
Alexandra Division; Port St. John’s, Pietermaritzburg, Howick, and
Durban, Natal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, R.M. Lightfoot, K.H.B.) ¢ 3,
2 2 and young.
Methuen records it “from streams,’ The Woodbush, N. Transvaal,
and speaks of it as a ‘“‘ fresh-water’? Amphipod. So far as my own
experience in the Cape Peninsula and at Stellenbosch goes it does not
occur actually in the streams ; I should describe it as truly terrestrial.
The gaps in the distribution will no doubt be filled up as soon as
the Union has been more thoroughly searched for the smaller inverte-
brates.
Gren. CHILTONIA Stebbing.
1839. Chiltonia Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soe. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 7, pt. 8,
p- 408.
1901. Hyalella Sayce, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. n.s. vol. 18, pt. 2, p. 226.
1902. Chiltonia id. ibid. n.s. vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 47.
1906. 5 Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 555, 735.
1908. Ms G. Smith, Proc. Roy. Soc. (B), vol. 80, p. 472.
1909, ey id. Naturalist in Tasmania, p. 156.
1909. s Chilton, Subant. Is. N.Z. p. 644.
Although the following species disagrees with the definition of this
genus in having the Ist and 2nd gnathopods alike in both sexes, the
2nd not enlarged, it seems best to widen the definition of the genus
rather than institute a new one.
CHILTONIA CAPENSIS 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVII. Figs. 38-40,)
Body rather stout, shiny. Eyes rather large, oval, distance apart
bo
Or
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 2
less than their shorter diameter. Side-plates 1-4 increasing in depth,
4 largest, much deeper than 5. Postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon
segment quadrate, scarcely produced.
Telson entire, subrectangular, distal margin straight, 2-3 minute
setules at the rounded postero-lateral angles.
First antenna, Ist joint stout, 2nd and 3rd subequal, flagellum in
¢ 7-,in 2 6-jointed.
Second antenna subequal to Ist, ultimate joint a trifle longer than
penultimate. Flagellum in ¢ 7-,in 9 6-jointed.
Upper lip, distal margin evenly rounded.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-5-dentate, secondary cutting-edge 3—4-
dentate.
First maxilla, outer plate with 9-10 spines, slightly notched on
outer margin where palp should be, but no trace of a palp, inner plate
with 2 plumose setae.
Maxilliped, the 2 outermost teeth on apex of inner plate large,
4th joint of palp small, conical, ending in a long seta.
First and second gnathopods similar to one another and alike in
both sexes, 2nd and 3rd joints not in the least expanded, 5th distally
fringed with 6-8 setae, 6th nearly twice as long as broad, inferior
margin slightly concave, palm transverse, convex, setulose, defining
angle rounded.
First and second peraeopods, inferior margins of 5th and 6th joints
with 4 and 5 spinules respectively, 6th with 1 apical spine in addition,
7th without constriction, tubercle or setule.
Third and fourth peraeopods, 2nd joint oval, hind margin with very
faint serrations, anterior margin of 6th with 3 pairs of spimules and
1 apical one, hind margin smooth.
Fifth paraeopod, 2nd joint very strongly expanded, as broad as long,
hind margin serrulate, 6th as in 3rd and 4th peraeopods.
None of the peraeopods are strongly spinose, but all are rather
stout, Ist, 2nd, 4th and 5th are subequal and longer than 3rd.
First and second uropods, rami shorter than peduncle, with apical
spines only, except the inner ramus of 2nd, which has 1 marginal
spine.
Third uropod, short, ovate, 1-jointed, with 1 apical seta.
Length: 3 45 mm., 2? 5-4 mm.
Colour: Greenish, eyes black.
Locality: Salt River, Cape Town. October, 1898. (Dr. W. F.
Pureell.) 9 ovigerous 9 ? ‘in brackish pool”; Milnerton, near Cape
Town. 25/10/13. (K.H.B.) ¢ ¢ and ovigerous 2? 2. In brack
water, among green weeds. (S.A.M. Nos. A2885 and A2886.)
226 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gren. PARORCHESTIA Stebbing.
1899. Parorchestia Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 7, pt. 8,
p. 402.
1906. . id. Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 557, 735.
1909 at Chilton, Subant. Is. N.Z. p. 636.
PARORCHESTIA TENUIS (Dana).
1853 and 55. Orchestia tenuis Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 18, 2, p. 872,
plod wigs de
1862. 55 ,, Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 29,
pl. 4, fig. 10.
1881. », sylvicola Thomson, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 13, p. 212,
pl. 7, fig. 4 (non Dana).
1884. Allorchestes recens id. ibid. vol. 16, p. 235, pl. 18, figs. 2-5.
1893. Orchestia gammarellus (part) Della Valle, F. ue Fl, Neapel,
vol. 20, p. 501.
1899. Parorchestia tenuis Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Le. p. 402.
1906. em By ie eam oar /a
L909. Chilton, Subant. Isl. N.Z. p. 642.
” %»
Body fairly compressed. Eyes rather large, equal to half the upper
margin of head, circular, almost meeting on the top of the head. Side-
plate | smaller than and partly concealed by 2, side-plates 2-4 of
same depth as their segments, with a posterior poimt above which hind
margin is excavate, inferior margins of 1-4 minutely spinulose, 5 nearly
but not quite as deep as 4. Postero-inferior angle of Ist pleon
segment quadrate with a very small point, of 2nd and 3rd quadrate,
somewhat produced in an acute point, hind margin concave above the
point, perfectly smooth.
Telson rather short, triangular, avery faint apical notch, the only
setae present are 3 on each apex set just within the margin.
First antenna not quite reaching apex of peduncle of 2nd antenna,
Ist, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, flagellum equal to peduncle, J 7-,
Q 4-jointed,
Second antenna 4 length of body, ultimate joint longer than penulti-
mate, flagellum equal to peduncle, ¢ 14-, 2 7-jointed.
First gnathopod 2 exactly resembling Thomson’s figure of his
Allorchestes recens (= Parorchestia tenuis (Dana) ).
Second gnathopod J also in close agreement with that of P. tenuis.
The defining angle is a little more prominent than in Thomson’s
figure, but is not at all tooth-like, and carries one fairly stout spine.
First and second ynathopods 2 also resembling Thomson’s figures
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 227
of A. recens, 4th and 5th joints with the scabrous lobes small in Ist,
but large in 2nd gnathopod.
First and second peraeopods feebly spinulose, 4th and 6th joints
with spinules on both margins, 5th spinulose only on hind margin,
finger with a very minute setule on inner apex.
Third to fifth paraeopods, 2nd joint oval, hind margin with very
slight setiferous serrations, 4th and 6th joints spinulose on both
margins, finger with a very minute setule.
First and second uropods with marginal spines on inner ramus only.
Third uropod, peduncle with 5-4 apical spines, ramus nearly as long
but only half as wide, tipped with 5 setae.
Length: 6 9mm., 2? 5-6 mm.
Colour ; In spirit, whitish, eyes dark brown.
Locality : Salt River, near Cape Town. October, 1898. (Dr. W. F.
Pureell.) 5 ¢ ¢, 3 ovigerous 9 2 “in brackish pool”; Hast
London. July, 1914. (R.M. Lightfoot.) 3 ¢ g, 2 ovigerous ? 9
“found amongst a number of Valorchestia on the beach.” (S.A.M.
Nos. 10030 and A3053.)
Geogr. Distribution: New Zealand (Dana, Thomson, Chilton) ;
Campbell Island (Chilton).
Thus it will be seen that the only differences between the South
African and the New Zealand specimens lie in the shorter 3rd joint of
the Ist antenna, the larger eyes, and the more prominent defining
angle of the hand of 2nd gnathopod.
As mentioned above under Talorchestia quadrispinosa, there is one
specimen 5 mm. long from Salt River which has a normal ¢@ Ist
gnathopod, but a 2nd gnathopod resembling that of the ?. It is,
however, stouter than in the 9, the 6th joimt especially being much
broader than inthe °.
PARORCHESTIA DASSENENSIS 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 1, 2.)
? 1843. Orchestia bottae Krauss, Siidafr. Crust. p. 60. (non M.
Edwards 1840.)
Male. Body fairly compressed, back rounded. Eyes fairly large,
round, their distance apart greater than their diameter. Side-plate 1
smaller than and partly concealed by 2, side-plates 2-4 shallower than
their segments and longer than deep, upper half of posterior margin
above posterior angle excavate, 5 as deep as 4. Postero-inferior angle
of pleon segments 1-3 quadrate, with a very shortly produced point,
posterior margin quite smooth.
228 Annals of the South African Museum.
Telson with a very small apical notch, lateral margins very slightly
concave, 2 apical spines on each apex.
First antenna reaching nearly to apex of peduncle of 2nd antenna,
ord joint a trifle shorter than 2nd, Ist a little shorter than 38rd,
flagellum not quite as long as peduncle, 7-jointed.
Second antenna not half length of body, ultimate and penultimate
joints subequal, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, 16-jointed,
First gnathopod ¢@, 4th joint with a rounded pellucid lobe, 5th
prominently lobed, 6th shorter and narrower than 5th, at least
25 times as long as greatest width, widening slightly towards lower
apex where it is scabrous and pellucid and produced beyond the short
transverse palm as a short rounded lobe, palm with a few setae, finger
matching palm.
Second gnathopod ¢@, inner anterior margin of 2nd joint with a
well-marked, straight, apically rounded keel, outer front apex has a
smaller lobe, 3rd with a strong pellucid lobe on anterior margin, 6th
ovate, widest in the middle, palm oblique, spinose, with a fairly deep
but small notch near hinge, and a shallow one near the undefined
junction of palm and hind margin, finger overlapping palm and
tapering to a fine point, inner margin sinuous.
First and second peraeopods not strongly spinous or setose, 4th-6th
joints spinose on both margins, finger with a very minute setule.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joint increasingly expanded, hind
margin nearly straight, with setiferous serrations, strongest on 5th
peraeopod, postero-inferior angles rounded, in 5th peraeopod reaching
to end of 38rd joint, 4th to 6th joints spinulose on both margins, finger
with minute setule, all three peraeopods more slender than in the
previous species.
First uropod with marginal spines only on inner ramus.
Second uropod with marginal spines on both rami.
Third uropod, peduncle with 2-3 apical spines, ramus a trifle longer
than peduncle, slender, with 3-4 apical setae.
Length: 12 mm.
Colour: In spirit, whitish, eyes black.
Locality : Dassen Island, West Coast. April, 1897. (R. M. Light-
foot.) 2 ¢ 6; Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula. 29/12/14. (S. H.
Haughton.) 2 ¢¢. (S.A.M. Nos. A8054 and A8067.)
The specimens which Krauss assigned to Orchestia bottae M. Edw.
may perhaps be referable to this species, though I have not seen
Krauss’ specimens. The description of the 2nd gnathopod of O,
bottae as given by Stebbing in Das Tierreich applies very well to that
of the present species.
bo
bo
Ne)
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.
Gen. HYALE Rathke.
1837. Hyale Rathke, Mem. prés. Ac. St. Petersb. vol. 3, p. 377.
1849. Nicaea Nicolet in Gay’s Hist. Chile, vol. 3, p. 257.
1888. Hyale Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 171, ete.
S90: 5, G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 26.
1906: 55 Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 559, 735 (references).
90. 55 Chevreux, Bull. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. Paris, 1907, no.6,p.414.
T9308: Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 37.
ONO. 5; Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 16, p. 72.
cou, Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 288.
HyALE MAROUBRAE Stebbing.
1899. Hyale maroubrae Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soe. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 7,
pt. 8, p. 405, pl. 32e.
H06. a id. Le. p. 563.
First gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint with very slight lobe on anterior apex,
3rd not lobed at all.
Second gnathopod ¢, distal expansion on 2nd joint with 5 spinu-
iferous indents, 3rd joint also lobed.
Third uropod, ramus shorter than peduncle.
In other respects agreeing with Stebbing’s description. The female,
hitherto unknown, has the gnathopods as follows: Ist gnathopod,
2nd joint slightly lobed on anterior apex, the lobe bearing one setule,
8rd and 4th not lobed, lobe of 5th not extending beyond 4th, setiferous,
6th twice as long as broad, palm transverse, convex, defined by a spine,
margin setose, hind margin with 1 group of setae, finger matching
palm ; 2nd enathopod, similar but a trifle larger.
Length: § 5mm., 2? 45 mm.
Colour : Claret, eyes black.
Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 26/2/14. (K.H.B.). 6 ¢ ¢,
1 ovigerous ? ; Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 28/9/18. (K.H.B.).
1g. (S.A.M. Nos. A2883 and A2884.)
Geogr. Distribution : Sydney, New South Wales (Stebbing).
HYALE SALDANHA Chilton.
(Plate XXVII. Fig. 37.)
1912. Hyale saldanha Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p. 509, pl. 2, figs. 24-29,
This very common species occurs in several colour varieties according
to the local habitat and the colour of the weeds among which it is
230 Annals of the South African Museum.
found. The ground-colour is slaty, slaty-brown, purplish, claret,
sienna, brownish-green or green, either uniform or speckled and
irrorated. A row of small whitish spots just above the junctions of
the epimera and segments and frequently other smaller whitish spots,
chiefly on the anterior epimera. Sometimes a fawn or yellowish medio-
dorsal stripe runs from the head to the end of the pleon, or there is
one light irregular patch on the 2nd peraeon segment and another on
the 5th. In other specimens the ground-colour is whitish, becoming
yellowish dorsally, each peraeon segment (with its side-plate) and each
pleon segment with a broad dark brownish-black transverse band.
Eyes dark brownish-black. The antennae and posterior limbs of the
same colour as the ground-colour, the gnathopods pale.
It reaches a length of 13 mm. in the ¢ and 12 mm. in the ?.
The lobes on the 2nd and 35rd joints of the Ist and 2nd gnathopods
(of both sexes) are frequently more strongly developed than in Chilton’s
figures.
Besides Table Bay, other localities are: Buffel’s Bay and Kalk Bay
on the East side of the Cape Peninsula.
The “Scotia” obtained it at Saldanha Bay in 25 fathoms.
HyYALE GRANDICORNIS (Kroyer).
1845. Orchestia grandicornis Koyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 2, vol. 1,
p- 292, pl. 1, figs. 2a—n.
1849. Nicaea lweasti Nicolet in Gay’s Hist. Chile, vol. 3, p. 238.
1852. Allorchestes verticillata -- peruviana Dana, Proc. Amer. Ac.
vol. 2, pp. 205, 206.
1862. - verticillatus Bate, Cat. Amph. Brit. Mus. p. 48,
plied tise 1
1879. Nicaea novaezealandiae Thomson, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 11, p. 235,
pl. 10x, figs. la-f.
1893. Hyale prevostii (part) Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
pp. 519, 520.
1906. » grandicorns + novaezealandiae Stebbing, Das Tierreich,
21, pp. 566, 567.
1909. » novaezealandiae Chilton, Subant. Is. N. Zeal. p. 643.
1912. ,, grandicorns id. Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p- 508.
Stebbing and Chilton have mentioned the nearness of novae-
zealandiae to grandicornis. A comparison of the South African form
leaves no other course but to unite them. None of the characters
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 2a
given by Stebbing in 1906, by which Thomson’s species can be dis-
tinguished from Koyer’s, appear to be constantly correlated. The
degree of approximation of the lobe of the 5th joint of Ist gnathopod
d to the apex varies, as does also the expansion of the 2nd joint of
the 2nd gnathopod and the seta on finger of peraeopods 1-5.
The most constantly correlated characters (and even these are not
always found together in the same specimen) appear to be: the
solitary spines on 4th joint of peraeopods 3-5, marginal spines on
both rami of 1st uropod and the 3rd pleon segment with the postero-
inferior angle slightly produced. But solitary spines on 4th joint of
peraeopods 3-5 may occur with spines on only the inner ramus and a
quadrate postero-inferior angle to pleon segment 3. Other combina-
tions of these supposedly distinguishing characters also occur.
The following points about the South African species may be
mentioned: Neither the 2nd nor 3rd joints of Ist gnathopod are lobed,
lobe of 5th projecting a little beyond 4th, furnished with short spines
and longer setae; 2nd joint of 2nd gnathopod with a straight-edged
apically quadrate keel on anterior margin but no projecting rounded
lobe, 3rd with a small lobe, hind margin of 4th joint of peraeopods 3—5
with 4 spines either solitary or each set in a bunch of setae, anterior
margin of 6th with 4 (peraeopod 3) or 5 (peraeopods 4 and 5) spines, all
of the same size and not apically serrulate, each set in a group of setae ;
setule on inner apex of finger varying from very delicate to fairly
strong; hind margin of 2nd joint of peraeopods 3-5 with slight
setuliferous idents, posterior margin in peraeopod 5 rather deeply
excavate between the rounded postero-inferior angle and 3rd joint.
Length: Upto17 mm. g, 14mm. 3°.
Colour: Dark reddish or greenish brown, with squarish dorsal
lighter spots.
Locality : Table Bay (Cape Town). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, K.H.B.) ;
False Bay (Buffel’s Bay) and St. James. (K.H.B.); East London.
(R. M. Lightfoot.) g ¢, ovigerous 9 9 and young; Port Elizabeth.
February, 1915. (Mrs. Paterson.) (S.A.M. Nos. 1263, A2516, A3051,
A8052, and A3282.)
Geogr. Distribution: Valparaiso (Kroyer: O. grandicornis, Dana:
A. verticillata) ; Otago, N.Z., Macquarie Is. and the Snares (Thomson
and Chilton : N. novaezealandiae) ; Gough Island (Chilton: H. grandi-
cornis).
Most of the East London specimens belong to the form novae-
zealandiae, but examples of this form occur also among the Cape
Peninsula specimens, which are mostly grandicornis, and vice versa.
Specimens which are intermediate and combine the characters of the
232 Annals of the South African Museum.
two forms are found chiefly in the Cape series, but would probably
also be found at East London if a larger series was collected.
HYALE DIASTOMA 0. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 3.)
S. Body somewhat iridescent, dorsally rounded. Eyes moderate,
subeircular. Side-plate 1 not greatly widened below. Postero-inferior
angle of 3rd pleon segment quadrate, not produced, posterior margin
with 3-4 very slight serrations. Telson, lobes oblong, apically
rounded-truncate.
First antenna reaching beyond peduncle of 2nd antenna, 2nd and
3rd joints subequal, flagellum 12-jointed, with not very dense whorls
of short setae.
Second antenna stout, nearly half length of body, ultimate joint
longer than penultimate, flagellum 14-jointed, with dense whorls of
long setae (denser and longer on lower surface).
First gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint proximally narrow, distally greatly
widening but front apex only feebly lobed, 5rd not lobed, inferior
margin of 4th straight, lobe of 5th not apical and not extending
beyond 4th, setose along whole margin, 6th oblong, inferior margin
distally setose, palm a little oblique, defined by 2 spines, setose, finger
matching palm.
Second gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint with a well-developed rounded lobe
on front apex, 3rd not lobed, 6th shortly oblong, palm nearly trans-
verse, sinuous—.e., concave near hinge and defining angle, convex in
middle, defining angle shortly produced, with 2 spines, finger stout,
curved, inner margin sinuous lke the palm, concave proximally and
distally, convex in middle, so that when finger is closed a more or less
circular loophole is left at base of finger.
First to fifth peraeopods, finger distinctly denticulate, seta on inner
apex stout, hind margin of 6th joint of peraepods 4 and 5 smooth,
inner margin without serrate spines, hind margin of 2nd joint in
peraeopods 3 and 4 smooth, in peraeopod 5 with a few widely spaced
setuliferous indents.
First uropod, 1 marginal spine on outer ramus near apex and 1 near
apex and | in middle on inner ramus.
Third uropod, peduncle and ramus subequal.
Length: 7 mm.
Colour: Claret, eyes black.
Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 13/4/14. (K.H.B.) 4 ¢ 2.
The ? has not yet been recognised. (S.A.M. No. A3039.)
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.
bo
(aX)
Os
HYALE INYACKA 0. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 4.)
Body not very shiny, dorsaily rounded. Eyes elongate-oblong.
Side-plates not deep, 1 widened beluw. Postero-inferior angle of
3rd pleon segment quadrate, not produced, josterior margin with
4-5 widely spaced and very slight serrations. Telson, lobes oblong,
apically truncate.
First antenna reaching well beyond peduncle of 2nd antenna,
Ist joint equal to 2nd and 3rd together, flagellum longer than
peduncle, 13-jointed.
Second antenna equal to half length of body, ultimate and penul-
timate joints subequal, flagellum longer than peduncle, 24-jointed.
First gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint scarcely expanded on front apex,
3rd not expanded, lobe of 5th broad and apical, setose along whole
margin, 6th wider distally than proximally, palm a little oblique,
setose, 2 defining spines, hind margin with a group of setae shortly
before apex.
Second gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint with a narrow apical expansion,
srd not lobed, 6th oval, palm oblique, convex, spinose, equal to hind
margin and defined by a small blunt projection bearing 1 spine, finger
matching palm.
In 2 gnathopods similar to one another and to Ist enathopod ot
3, but 2nd joint in both gnathopods with a narrow apical lobe.
First and second peraeopods, hind margin of 6th joint with
3 groups of 1 spine and 2 setae each, apex with 1 short spine and
2-3 setae, finger with short stout spine (not seta) on inner apex
Gf finger and unguis be counted together the spine is in middle of
inner margin).
Third to fifth peraeopods, hind margin of 2nd joint setulose and
serrate, faintly on 3rd and 4th peraeopods, more strongly on 5th, hind
margin of 4th with 3 solitary small spines, anterior margin of 6th with
4 pairs of spinules and a fairly stout but not very prominent apical
spine, hind margin of 6th smooth in 3rd peraeopod, with 4 (4th
peraeopod) or 3 (5th peraeopod) groups of 3 unequal spines and an
apical tuft of setae, finger with fairly stout seta, inner margin quite
smooth.
First uropod with marginal spines on both rami.
Third uropod, ramus shorter than peduncle.
Length : 9 mm.
Colour: Pale pinkish, eyes black.
Locality : Inyack Island, Delagoa Bay. October, 1912. (K.H.B.)
16
I34 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 ¢ ¢,1 nonovigerous 9. (S.A.M. No. A2470.) In weed at low-
water.
Very like the northern H. prevostii (M. Edw.), but distinguished by
the serrate hind margin of 2nd joint of peraeopods 3-5 and the more
numerous spines on hind margin of 6th joint of peraeopods 4 and 5.
Chevreux (1900, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16, pl. 1, fig. 3f) has
figured the 5th peraeopod of an Azores specimen of H. prevostii with
a serrate hind margin to the 2nd joint and a smooth hind margin to
the 6th joint. Della Valle and Sars figure both joints with smooth
hind margins.
HYALE HIRTIPALMA (Dana).
1852. Allorchestes hirtipalma Dana, Pr. Amer. Ac. vol. 2, p. 205.
1853/55. __,, id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, 2, p. 888, pl. 60,
fig. 4
1862. 5 inca Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 40, pl. 6, fig. 7.
1879. Nicaea fimbriata Thomson, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 11, p. 236, pl. 10s,
fio. 2.
1888. Allorchestes georgianus Pfeffer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. vol. 5,
p. 77, pl. 1, figs. la—n, 4.
1906. Hyale hirtipalma Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 564.
LOS. en Chilton, Subantarct. Is. N. Zeal. vol. 2, p. 643.
TONS 5, x id. Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamb. vol. 30, p. 55.
Chilton includes in the synonymy also H. villosa Smith 1876, and
HH. trigonochir Walker 1908. These form the two extremes; in the
former the 6th joint of the Ist gnathopod does not widen to the palm,
in the latter it widens so much that the palin is at least twice the
length of the hind margin.
As Chilton (1909) remarks, this character is indeed variable, but
appears to be not so much individual as local. Among the Cape
specimens those from Kalk Bay (False Bay) belong to the form
villosa, whereas those from Buffel’s Bay (also in False Bay) and from
Cape Town in Table Bay have the 6th joint distinctly though not
strongly widened. Amongst the specimens from each locality there
can be detected no variation, except that due to age as mentioned by
Stebbing (1906).
On the other hand, the variation in the brushes of setules on the
lower margin of the flagella of the 2nd antennae appears to be more
individual. In many cases the flagella are practically destitute of
these brushes.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 235
The 6th joint of the 2nd gnathopod of ¢ is not always as elongate
as represented in Dana’s figure, but the proportion of palm to hind
margin is the same.
First and second gnathopods in both sexes with the 2nd joint but
not the 3rd apically expanded into a rounded lobe.
Length: Up to 10 mm.
Colour - Pale pinkish, brownish or greenish, eyes black.
Locality : Kalk Bay. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) 7 ¢ gd and 9? 2? ; Buffel’s
Bay (False Bay). 29/9/13. (K.H.B.) 4, ovigerous ? 2? and
juv.; Sea Point, near Cape Town. 13/4/14. (K.H.B.) 9 and
ovigerous 2? 2. (S.A.M. Nos. 1269, A3047 and A8049.)
Geogr. Distribution; Chile (Dana); Peru (Bate); New Zealand
(Thomson, Chilton); South Georgia (Pfeffer); Auckland Islands
(Walker, Chilton) ; Kerguelen (Smith: H. villosa).
HyYALE MACRODACTYLA Stebbing.
1899. Hyale macrodactylus Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2,
vol. 7, pt. 8, p. 404, pl. 31p.
1906. 5 ae Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 564, fig. 96.
The form described in 1901 by Chevreux (Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr.
vol. 14, p. 397, figs. 13, 14) from Seychelles seems quite distinct
enough from Stebbing’s form to merit a separate specific name.
Chevreux himself was half inclined to this view. I propose the
name H. Chevrewai.
The Cape specimens agree well with Stebbing’s descriptions. and
figures except that they reach a rather larger size and there is some-
times a very short, but appreciable and well marked, hind margin to
the 6th joint of the 2nd gnathopod of ¢. The finger also is rather
variable and is scarcely as long as in Stebbing’s specimens.
There is a short upstanding seta on both lobes of the telson.
Length: Up to 8 mm., ovigerous 2 5 mm.
Colour: Pale pinkish or brownish.
Locality: Kalk Bay. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) ¢ ¢ and 2 2? ; Buffel’s
Bay (False Bay). (K.H.B.) o, ovigerous 2? ? and juv.; Sea
Point, near Cape Town. (K.H.B.) ¢@ ¢ and ovigerous ? 9. (S.A.M.
Nos. 1628, A3042-5.)
Geogr. Distribution: St. Thomas, Danish W. Indies; Rio Janeiro
(Stebbing).
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J)
for)
Annals of the South African Musewn.
Faminy AORIDAE.
1899. Aoridae Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 4, p. 211.
1906. _i,, id. Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 585, 736.
1909. - Chevreux, Bull. de l’Inst. oc. Monaco, no. 150, p. 5.
HOTOS Stebbing, Sci. Res. “‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 605.
1912. re Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 43, p. 372.
Gen. AORA Kroyer.
1845. Aora Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 328.
1888. ,, Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1072 (Synonymy).
SOG Same wed. Cp 087:
ONO yw id. Gens Cat, SoA. Crust. p, 459:
Aora tTypPIca Kroyer.
1845. Aora typica Kroyer, l.c. p. 328, pl. 3, figs. 3a—l.
19065 Fa; » Stebbing, lc. p. 587, fig. 101 (Synonymy).
190% |. » Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 20, p. 510.
1190S es , Stebbing, 8.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 84.
TSO9 , Chilton, Subantarct. Is. N. Zeal. vol. 2, p. 645.
1910. ,, ° ,,. Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 28, p. 242.
On ws » Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 43 [1910], p. 565.
The g and ? specimens from South Africa referred to by Stebbing
(1.c. 1908, p. 84) are very near to the form described by Stebbing in
1888 as A. kergueleni. The lst gnathopod in ¢ has no setae on 2nd
joint, nor tooth on anterior margin, 4th joint projects beyond end of
5th, inferior margin of 5th and 6th and apex of 6th with long setae,
finger 3 length of 6th, inner margin feebly serrate. Fifth peraeopods
lost. Rami of 3rd uropod subequal and a little longer than peduncle.
Telson broader than long.
Littoral specimens from Table Bay are similar. The spine on inner
apex of 6th joint of Ist gnathopod of ¢ appears to be usually absent. °
Fifth and 6th joints of 2nd gnathopod of g rather narrower than in
Stebbing’s figure of A. kergueleni, nearly 3 times as long as wide.
Peraeopod 3 with 2nd joint tapering distally, hind margin straight
or slightly concave, infero-posterior angle with 1 spine; 2nd joint of
4th peraeopod similar but rather more pyriform; 2nd joint of 5th
peraeopod broadly oval, nearly as broad as long, hind margin convex,
postero-inferior angle with | spine.
The peculiar feature of these specimens is the length of the rami of
the 3rd uropod, which are equal to or even insomecases a little shorter
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 237
than the peduncle ; both rami have several apical setae but no marginal
spines.
Length: ¢ 7 mm., 2 7'5 mm.
Colour: Whitish, speckled dorsally with grey in the following
manner: anterior half of the segments with 2 submedian spots,
posterior half with 1 median spot; these spots are square so that they
form a chequered pattern ; a roundish medio-dorsal dark brown spot
on peraeon segments 6 and 7 and pleon segments 1-3, those on the
pleon segments largest and sometimes alone present; two specimens
are white with transverse brown-grey bands, in the one on head,
peraeon segment 6 and pleon segment 1, in the other on head, peraeon
segments and pleon segment 1.
Locality: False Bay (Seal Island, SSE., distant 2} miles). 10
fathoms. 30/10/02. 1 ovigerous 92. s.s. “ Pieter Faure,” Buffel’s
Bay. 28/9/18. ¢@¢, 9%. (K.H.B.); Table Bay (Sea Point, near
Cape Town). 1913 /14.¢ g, ovigerous 2 2. (K.H.B.); Durban. July,
1915. 1 g. (H. W. Bell-Marley.) (S.A.M. Nos. A2871, A2538,
A2896, A8850, etc.)
Geogr. Distribution: N, Atlantic (Kroyer, Sars, etc.); Algeria
(Chevreux) ; Azores (Chevreux) ; 8. America (Nicolet); Australia
(Haswell); New Zealand (Thomson); Kerguelen Is. (Stebbing) ;
Gambier Archipelago (Chevreux) ; Auckland Is. (Chilton) ; Kermadec
Is. (Chilton).
A smaller form 4-5 mm. (dg ¢ and ovigeous ? 2 ) is found with the
other form at Sea Point and is distinguished by having a large square
dark grey spot on Ist and 2nd pleon segments, instead of the smaller
roundish spots. The inner ramus of the 3rd uropod has only 1 or 2
setae.
Gen. LEMBOS Bate.
1857. Lembos (part) Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. 19,
p. 142.
1906. b, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 594-757.
1909. $5 Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 338.
1910. a Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 460.
I9tliee .. Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 23, p. 243.
LEMBOS HYPACANTHUS DN. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 5-6.)
Body not compressed. Lateral lobes of head not strongly produced,
subacute. Eyes oval. Peraeon segments 3-7 in ¢ each with a strong
23 Annals of the South African Museum.
straight, forwardly directed medio-ventral spine, the spines becoming
smaller posteriorly, on 7th segment nearly obsolete. Side-plate 1
acutely produced forward in both sexes, 2 larger than 3.
Pleon segment 3 with postero-inferior angle rounded quadrate.
Telson as broad as long, with 2—3 setae in each subapical notch.
First antenna longer than 2nd, 2nd joint a trifle longer and much
more slender than Ist, 3rd half the 2nd, flagellum 12-jointed, accessory
flagellum equal to first 2 tlagellar joints, 3-jointed, 3rd joint very minute.
Second antenna, gland-cone not very prominent, penultimate and
ultimate joints subequal, flagellum a little shorter than ultimate
joint, 5-6-jointed.
Mouth-parts similar to those of L. kergueleni Stebbing.
First gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint stout, 5th setose on fore and hind
margins, 6th equal to 5th (i.e., along anterior margin) and equally
broad, oblong, palm a little oblique, with a stout spine at the defining
angle and immediately distal to this a spiniform process, a small
tooth near the hinge, hind-margin and especially the fore margin
setose, finger curved, overlapping the spine, serrate on inner margin ;
anterior margin of 5th and 6th joints with a number of small circular
marks, from each of which arises a seta. In @ not so stout, hind
margin of 5th setose, 6th longer than 5th, oblong, palm transverse,
convex, with a strong spine at defining angle, fore and hind margins
sparsely setose.
Second gnathopod in ¢ smaller than Ist gnathopod, 2nd joint
nearly linear, the distal anterior apex produced as a recurved hook,
5th more elongate than in Ist gnathopod, 6th equal to but narrower
than 5th, narrow-oblong, very slightly tapering, palm transverse, with
a small spine at defining angle, fore and hind margins of 5th and 6th
setose, the setae on fore margin arising from little circular marks as
in Ist gnathopod, finger overlapping palm, serrate on inner margin.
In ? similar to ¢, but 2nd joint without hook-hke projection, 5th
shorter and broader proportionately than 6th, both joints apically
setose on both margins, both not so strongly as in ¢@.
First and second peraeopods not specially setose, 2nd—4th joints
glandular.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joimt oval, about twice as long as
broad, 6th joint with 4-5 pairs of spines on anterior margin.
First uropod, peduncle with stout apical spine, inner ramus longer
than peduncle, outer ramus shorter, both with marginal and apical
spines,
Second uropod, rami a little longer than peduncle, outer ramus
shorter than inner.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 239
Third uropod, rami subequal, scarcely longer than peduncle.
Length: $ 4mm., 2? 55 mm.
Colour: Whitish with grey transverse speckled bands. Eyes
black.
Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 26/2/14. (K.H.B.) 1 2,
5 ovigerous ? 9 and 5 immature; St. James (False Bay). 15/2/14.
(K.H.B.) 2 66, 18 ovigerous 92. (S.A.M. Nos. A2898 and
A2958.)
In possessing ventral spines this species approximates to the
Mediterranean species L. spiniventris (Della Valle), although
perhaps this feature is present in other species but has been
overlooked.
The 6th joint of the Ist gnathopod in g is somewhat similar to
that of L. kergueleni, but the 2nd joint of 2nd gnathopod is not
expanded as in the latter species.
From the other Cape species L. hirsutipes Stebb. it is easily
distinguished by the Ist gnathopod in both sexes, the hook-like
prominence on 2nd joint of 2nd gnathopod of ¢, and the absence
of setae on the 2nd peraeopod of 3.
Gren. LEMBOIDES Stebbing.
1895. Lemboides Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. 16, p. 209.
1906. 35 1d) 1-c3p: 600:
1910. » id. Gen. Cat. 8.A. Crust. p. 460.
LEMBOIDES ACANTHIGER Nl. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 7, 8.)
The single specimen corresponds fairly well with Haswell’s description
of his Microdeutopus australis (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S8.W. vol. 4, Daa del
pl. 11, fig. 5), except in two points, namely: the second gnathopod
has the palm of the 6th joint concave, the angle which it makes with
the inferior margin blunt, not produced, and furnished with 1 spine;
the presence of a large forwardly curved spine on ventral surface of
peraeon segments 3 and 4, a small one on segments 5-7, and a small
backwardly directed tubercle on segment 1.
Other features of the present specimen are:
First antenna, 3rd peduncular joint } 2nd, accessory flagellum
equal to 3rd peduncular joint and longer than Ist flagellar joint, 4-
jointed, Ist—3rd joints increasing in size, 4th joint } 8rd.
Mouth-parts, mandibular lobes of lower lip are acute and much
24.0 Annals of the South African Museum.
longer, mandible with 5 spines in spine row, palp with 3rd joint sub-
equal to 2nd, in its distal half rather suddenly contracted, apex acute,
distal half of inner margin setiferous, outer plate of maxilliped reach-
ing to end of 2nd joint of palp.
First gnathopod, 6th joint with submarginal groups of setae,
inferior margin with 2-3 faint serrations, finger longer than in
Haswell’s figure, inner margin smooth.
First and second peraeopods, finger > length of 6th joint.
Postero-lateral angles of 3rd pleon segment quadrate.
Length: 7 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Umvoti River mouth N. by W.+ W., distant 15 miles
(Natal). 56 fathoms. 1 ¢. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 8/1/01. (S.A.M.
No. A176.)
Were it not for the presence of the ventral spines, I should not
hesitate to identify this specimen with Lemboides australis (Haswell).
Thinking that these spines might have been overlooked, I appplied to
Prot. Haswell, who kindly looked through the Crustacea in the
Macleay Museum, Sydney, but failed to find either the type or any
specimens of the species in question. Dr. E. A. Briggs also obliged
me by examining the collection in the Australian Museum, without
any better result. So that one must regard the type of Haswell’s
Microdeutopus australis as in all probability lost, and institute a new
species for the South African form.
LEMBOIDES CRENATIPALMA n. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 9, 10.)
Head equal to 1st peraeon segment in 4, to first 2 segments in ?.
Eyes oval, situate in the acutely produced antero-lateral angles. Side-
plates 1-3 increasing in size and depth, 1 and 2 narrowed below and
directed forwards, 3 widened below, the antero-inferior angle produced
forwards subacutely, 4 not so long and not quite as deep as 3,
rectangular, postero- and antero-inferior angles rounded, anterior lobe
of 5 scarcely more than half as deep as 4, posterior lobe half as deep
as anterior lobe, 6 bilobed, 7 semicircular, both shallow. In @ side-
plates similar but not so deep, 2 not narrowed below, and anterior
lobe of 5 nearly as deep as 4. Postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon
segment rounded.
Telson, lateral processes obtuse with a small point, within this a
spine, apex rounded.
First antenna, Ist and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd longer, flagellum
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 241
subequal to peduncle, ca. 17-jointed, accessory flagellum a trifle longer
than Ist flagellar joint, 3-jointed, 2nd longer than Ist, 3rd minute.
Second antenna subequal to Ist antenna, ultimate and penultimate
joints subequal, flagellum about as long as peduncle, ca. 21-jointed.
Upper lip broader than long, distal margin convex, entire.
Lower lip, inner lobes large, mandibular process narrow, subacute.
Mandible, cutting-edge tridentate, each of the teeth more or less
bifid, secondary cutting-edge bidentate, one or both the teeth bifid,
spine-row with 7 spines in the left, 10 in the right, molar rounded,
denticulate, palp nearly twice length of trunk, 3rd joint shorter than
2nd, wider distally than proximally, 2nd with a few setae, 3rd with
numerous setae on apex.
First maxilla, inner plate with 2 unequal apical setae, outer plate
with 10 spines.
Second maxilla, inner plate shorter and narrower than outer, apices
of both rounded.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 3 spines on distal margin, outer plate
extending 3 along 2nd joint of palp, 4th joimt of palp ending in a
spine nearly as long as itself.
First gnathopod, in ¢ 2nd joint rhomboidal, very broad, inferior
margin with 5 transverse rows (including the apical one) of very long
setae, 3rd joint more than twice as broad as long, 4th apically acute,
5th a little longer and broader than 2nd, ovoid, inferior margin with
groups of setae, 6th not as long and not quite so broad as 5th, palm
transverse, straight, crenulate, inferior margin convex, crenulate and
ending in a blunt, lobe-like projection, finger reaching a good way
beyond this lobe, inner margin denticulate; in 2 2nd joint linear, 4th
apically truncate, 5th equal to 2nd, obovate, strongly setose, 6th a
little smaller than 5th, ovate, palm and inferior margin forming an
even and strongly convex curve, the palm very minutely denticulate
and defined by a stout spine set just within the margin, finger over-
lapping palm, inner margin denticulate.
Second gnathopod, in ¢ almost as large as first gnathopod, 2nd
joint exceedingly large, width near base almost equal to length, non-
setose, 4th with inferior apex ending in a blunt tooth, beyond which
the apical margin is produced on the inside into a more prominent.
tooth, 5th as long as but not nearly as wide as 2nd, inferior margin
setose, 6th shorter and narrower than 5th, inferior margin concave,
setose, ending in a long, stout, subacute tooth, denticulate on its inner
side, palm very short, transverse, with a short, stout, blunt spine at
the base of the large tooth, finger much overlapping, inner margin
denticulate ; in 9 similar to first gnathopod, but rather longer, 5th
242 Annals of the South African Musewm.
widening distally more strongly, so that the joint is triangular in shape,
6th longer than 5th, oblong, inferior margin less convex, more strongly
setose, palm shorter, but denticulate and defined by 1 spine, as in first
gnathopod, finger also similar.
In the adult ¢ the 1st and 2nd gnathopods are carried folded trans-
versely across the body, as is the case in Aora typica Kroyer.
First and second peraeopods, 2nd joint not expanded, 4th and 6th
subequal, 5th shorter, 7th } length of 6th, only a few scattered setae
on the joints.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint twice as long as broad, 5th scarcely more
than 3 length of 6th, 7th 4 length of 6th, 6th with 3 spines on anterior
margin and 2 on apex.
Fourth and fifth peraeopods much longer than 3rd, 2nd joint
longest, not strongly expanded (1 : 2°5), 6th longer than 4th and twice
5th, sparsely spinose, 7th not + length of 6th.
First and second uropods, outer ramus shorter than inner; third
uropod, rami subequal; both margins and apices of rami of all
3 uropods spinose.
Length : 12 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish, eyes reddish.
Locality : Baboon Point ENE., distant 13 miles (off Saldanha Bay).
32 fathoms. ¢d, 2? 2? (some ovigerous) and juv. ss. ‘ Pieter
Faure.” 17/3/02. (S.A.M. No. A209.)
Famity PHOTIDAE.
1872 and 76. Photidae (part) Boeck, Skand. Arkt. Amphip. vol. 1,
p. 74, and vol. 2, p. 546.
1906. Photidae Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 603, 737 (references).
1910. os id. Sci. Res. ‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 608 (references).
1910. Ed id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 460.
Gren. PHOTIS Kroyer.
1842. Photis Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. vol. 4, p. 155.
1862. Eiscladus Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust. vol. 1, p. 411.
1876. Photis Boeck, lc. vol. 2, p. 553.
1888. , Stebbing, Challenger Rep. vol. 29, p. 1063
1898. » Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 394.
1894. ., G.O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 568.
1906. ,, Stebbing, l.c. pp. 605, 738.
1910. ,, id. Sci. Res. “Thetis ” pt. 12, p. 608.
bo
=
wo
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.
PuHotis LonGicaupATa (Bate & Westw.).
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 26.)
1862. Eiscladus longicaudatus Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust
vol. 1, p. 412, fig.
1893. Photis reinhardi (part) Della Valle, F. a. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
p. 395, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 10, figs. 1-19.
1894. ,, longicaudata G. O. Sars, Crust Norw. vol. 1, p. 571,
pl. 203, fig. 1.
1904. : 33 Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 286, pl. 6, fig. 43.
1906. A 4, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 608
(synonymy).
1909. 5 5, Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 399.
1910. - Chevreux, Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 23,
p. 249.
The South African form is very close to that from Ceylon, the chief
difference being in the hand of the 2nd gnathopod of the ¢ ; the
tooth near the hinge, which is so prominent in Walker's figure of the
Ceylon specimens, is here absent; but on the contrary the small tooth
at the apex of the excavation, smali in Walker’s figure, is here a large
nodular projection.
For comparison, the following description of the present specimens
is given.
Ocular lobes reaching to the middle of the Ist joint of Ist antenna ;
eyes large, round-oval. Side-plate 1 expanded below, longer than
deep. Postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon segment rounded. Telson
small, short, apically rounded, without setae.
First antenna, Ist joint stout, shorter than 2nd and subequal to 3rd,
flagellum equal to peduncle, 9-joited.
Second antenna, ultimate joint longer than penultimate, flagellum a
little longer than ultimate and penultimate joints together, 10-jointed.
Neither antenna densely setose.
Mandible, 2nd joint of palp concave on inner margin.
First maxilla, inner plate with 1 seta, outer plate with 9 spines,
palp with 5 spine-teeth.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 3 apical teeth, inner margin of outer
plate with 5 ovate and 3 elongate spines (the transition gradual).
First gnathopod, 6th joint a trifle longer that 5th (measured along
upper margin) but scarcely as wide, palm very oblique and not defined,
244 Annals of the South African Museum.
finger half 6th joint, stout, inner margin serrate, 5th and 6th joints
setose but not densely; 2 resembling the 2.
Second gnathopod, lobe of 5th joint not very prominent, 6th joint
oblong, palm angularly emarginate, defining angle rectangular, slightly
produced, a blunt nodiform tooth just below the apex of the emar-
gination on the inner surface of the palm, a few backwardly directed
serrations near the hinge, finger closing just within the defining angle,
leaving a triangular space, 5th and 6th joints setose but not densely ;
? similar to ¢ but rather weaker.
All the peraeopods very sparsely setose ; 2nd joint of 3rd peraeopod
broadly oval, narrowing distally.
First uropod, outer ramus a trifle shorter than inner, its outer
margin with 8 spines, outer margin of inner ramus with 6 very fine
setules.
Second uropod, outer ramus shorter than inner, its outer margin
with 3 spines, outer margin of inner ramus with 4 fine spinules, inner
margin with 3 spines. Both rami of Ist and 2nd uropods ending ina
short blunt spine-tooth.
Third uropod, outer ramus equal to peduncle, the apical setae
almost concealing the very small 2nd joint, inner ramus short, bluntly
ovate.
Length: 65 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish, deeper on the Ist peraeon segment,
antennae ringed with crimson.
Locality : Morewood Cove NW. by N. 2? N., distant 3 miles (Natal).
27 fathoms. ¢d and ovigerous 2 ? ; Umhloti River mouth NW.
by W.;N., distant 3 miles (Natal). 25fathoms. ¢ ¢ and ovigerous
2 2; Nahoon Point NW. by W., distant 5 miles (near East London).
45 fathoms. 1 ¢, 1 ovigerous 9 ; off Knysna. 40-47 fathoms. ¢
und ovigerous 9 3. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 18-19/12/00, 10/7/01, and
11/10/00. (S.A.M. Nos. A199, A200, A8400, and A38856-7.) One
ovigerous ° was found in a thin semitransparent tube at the base of
a Hydroid.
Geogr. Distribution: Shetland Islands, 2-5 fathoms (Bate &
Westwood); Norway, 30 fathoms (Sars); France (Chevreux) ;
Naples (Della Valle); Algiers (Chevreux); Ceylon (Walker) ;
Seychelles, 22-34 fathoms (Walker); Wasin, Brit. E. Africa,
10 fathoms (Walker).
PHoris Loncimanus Walker.
1904. Photis longimanus Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 286, pl. 7, fig. 44.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 245
Ocular lobes much produced (but not so much as in dolichommata),
reaching nearly to middle of Ist joint of Ist antenna. Side-plate 1
scarcely widened below, not longer than deep, rounded antero-inferior
angle not produced forward. Anterior lobe of side-plate 5 as deep
as 4. Postero-lateral angles of 3rd pleon segment rounded.
Telson as long as broad, triangular, a small spine at each postero-
lateral angle, apex between them much produced, forming a little tail
(as in Stebbing’s figure of dolichommata but more produced).
First antenna, Ist and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd longer, flagellum
shorter than peduncle, 8—10-jointed.
Second antenna, 4th and dth joints subequal, flagellum nearly equal
to 4th plus 5th peduncular joints, 7-8-jointed.
Mandibular palp with 3rd joint longer than Ist, but shorter
than 2nd.
First maxilla, inner plate with 1 seta.
First gnathopod, 2nd joint not distally lobed, 3rd and 4th subequal,
5th a trifle longer than 6th, 6th ovate, narrowing distally, palm not
defined, 4th-6th joints inferiorly setose, 7th {| length of 6th, inner
margin distally serrate.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint stout with a large ear-like
rounded lobe on the upper outer surface, beginning just beyond the
middle of the joint and reaching to end of 5rd joint, 3rd with a
rounded lobe on the lower inner surface and projecting horizontally
inwards (the limb being considered in its natural vertical position), 4th
longer than 3rd, 5th triangular, cup-lke, very short, upper apex
rounded, setose, lower apex produced in a rounded setose lobe, 6th
longer than 2nd, ovate, palm oblique, shorter than hind margin,
defined by a little spinule and within this a short, blunt, squarish
knob, a prominent triangular tooth in the middle of palm, flanked by
shallow concavities, at base of hind margin a strong, triangular,
pointed tooth set at right angles to the joint and pointing inwards
like the lobe on 8rd joint, finger gently curved, reaching to middle of
hind margin, inner margin distally obscurely serrate; in 2 2nd joint
not very stout, without the distal ear-like lobe, 3rd not lobed internally,
5th not so prominently lobed inferiorly, 6th oblong, palm oblique,
concave, equal to hind margin, defining angle quadrate but not
projecting, a little way witbin the defining angle is a low squarish
knob, palm thence concave with a triangular pointed tooth, finger
matching palm, very obscurely serrate distally.
Third and fourth peraeopods, 2nd joint broadly oval, narrowing
distally, 6th joint with a spine in middle of inner margin and another
at apex.
246 Annals of the South African Museum.
Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint not so broad as in 8rd and 4th peraeopods,
upper posterior angle quadrate.
Third uropod, inner rainus } length of outer, 2nd joint of outer
smaller than inner ramus, with 2 apical setae. All the uropods
without lateral spines or setae, except for one spinule on each peduncle
and ramus in Ist and 2nd uropods.
Length: 6 3mm.; ? 35 mm.
Colour: Yellowish straw colour, 5th peraeon and Ist pleon segments
with a transverse band of brown speckling, side-plates and pleura also
speckled with brown, eyes black.
Locality: Durban Bay. July, 1915. (H. W. Bell-Marley.) 1 2,
1 ovigerous 9. (S.A.M. No. A3869.)
A second and, in my opinion, not quite mature male from the same
locality (S.A.M. No. A3840) is the connecting link between the above
described specimens and Walker's. Without it one would have been
bound almost to make a new species of these specimens in spite of
their likeness in some characters to Walker’s longimanus.
This second male agrees with Walker’s description and figures
except that the lobe of the 5th joint of the 2nd gnathopod is not so
prominent and the hind margin is longer proportionately to the palm
(approaching thus the form of the 2 described above), and the first
of the two palmar teeth is short, blunt and knob-like. The 2nd joint
has the ear-like lobe as described above, but of which Walker makes
no mention.
Another feature is the telson, which agrees with that described
above; Walker says of his specimens “telson ... of the usual
form.” In the absence of a more definite description, I think this
point need not form a stumbling block, especially as the gnathopods
correspond very closely. When more specimens come to light from
both localities I think that any doubts there may be as to the specific
distinctness of these two forms will vanish.
This male measures 2°75 mm. and possesses a 2nd gnathopod approxi-
inating to that of the 9. Walker’s specimens show the defining
tooth shifting back, 7.e., the reduction of the hind margin at the
expense of the palm, until it is right at the base of the joint, when it
is bent inwards at a right angle to the hand, as in the first ¢ described
above. It is legitimate to suppose that this last infolding of the tooth
and the development of the incurved lobe on 3rd joint occur only at
the last moult and are signs of sexual maturity; they would certainly
form most efficient “ claws ” for holding the female.
The markings of this second male are a little different from that
given above: ground colour as before yellowish, head a little deeper,
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 247
a dark brown medio-dorsal spot on peraeon segment 5 to pleon
segment 2 inclusive, side-plates speckled, eyes black.
Both these forms were received too late to be figured in the present
paper.
Geogr. Distribution : Ceylon (Walker).
PuHotTis pDoLIcHoMMATA Stebbing.
1910. Photis dolichommata Stebbing, Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 609,
pl. 55z.
Locality: Cape St. Blaize N. by E. distant 73 miles. 125 fathoms,
3.64, 1 ovigerous 9? and immature specimens. - s.s. “ Pieter Faure.”
21/12/99. (S.A.M. No. A3812.)
Geogr. Distribution: New South Wales, 50-60 fathoms.
Gren. CHEIRIPHOTIS Walker.
1904. Cheiriphotis Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. -
Rep. 17, p. 285.
1906. » Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 737.
1910. - id. Sci. Res. “‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 610.
1910. s id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust, p. 461.
Only two species of this genus are so far known: C. megacheles
(Giles) from Ceylon and South Africa, and C. australis Stebbing
1910, from New South Wales. From both of these the following
species is easily separated by the form of the 2nd gnathopods in
the ¢.
CHEIRIPHOTIS DURBANENSIS N. sp.
Body slender and somewhat depressed. Antero-lateral angle of
head not greatly produced, occupied by about half of the oval-shaped
eye. Side-plates shallow, the first produced forwards to a subacute
apex. Postero-lateral angle of 3rd pleon segment rounded-quadrate.
Telson broader than long, distal margin concave between the postero-
lateral angles, near both of which there is a small group of setules.
First antenna, Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd shorter, flagellum
6-8-jointed, accessory flagellum 3-jointed, 3rd joint minute.
Second antenna subequal to first, 4th and 5th joints subequal,
flagellum subequal to 5th joint, 6-jointed.
Upper lip shghtly bilobed.
Lower lip with the inner lobes larger than the outer, apically
abruptly truncate, the inner and outer apical angles being right
angles, outer lobes obtusely rounded.
248 Annals of the South African Museum.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate in left, 5 im right, secondary
cutting-edge in left 4-dentate, in right represented bya stout spiniform
process, spine-row with 7-8 spines, molar minutely denticulate, palp
very large, 2nd joint twice length of Ist, 3rd not quite as long as 2nd,
not enlarged but apically obtuse, setose.
First maxilla, inner plate with 4 setae, outer plate with 11 spines,
2nd joint of palp elongate.
Second maxilla with inner margin of inner plate setose.
Maxilliped as in C. australis Stebb.
First gnathopod similar in both sexes, 6th joint not quite as long
as 5th, ovate, palm slightly convex, passing uninterruptedly into
hind margin, finger matching palm, 5th joint more strongly setose
than 6th.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint with a small tooth on anterior
apex, 5th well marked off from 6th inferiorly, but not so well on
anterior margin, 6th large, ovate, palm a little oblique, longer than
hind margin, with 2 strong pointed teeth, that near the hinge being
apically bifid, defining angle also with a strong pointed tooth, finger
as long as palm, smooth, distally rather strongly curved. In ?
smaller, 2nd joint without tooth on anterior apex, 6th not quite as
long as 2nd, ovate, narrowing distally, palm more oblique than in 3,
crenulate, with a blunt tooth, bearing 1 spine in the middle and
another near the hinge, defining angle with a small acute tooth,
finger matching palm, not strongly curved.
First and second peraeopods, 4th joint somewhat enlarged, 6th
longer than 4th, 7th half length of sixth.
Third to fifth peraeopods increasing in length, 2nd joint broadly
ovate, hind margin entire, with fairly numerous plumose setae,
anterior margin also setose, especially when near the apex, but setae
simple.
First and second uropods with peduncle longer than rami in Ist,
only a little longer in 2nd, rami of both subequal.
Third uropod, peduncle stout, outer ramus subequal to peduncle in
length but considerably narrower, apically spinulose, a 2nd joint not
distinguishable, inner ramus minute, tipped with 1 spinule.
Length: 5 mm.
Colour: White, head yellowish, 4th and 7th peraeon segments and
3rd pleon segment grey, side-plates also speckled with grey, eyes dark
brown.
Locality: Durban Bay Channel. July, 1915. (H.W. Bell-Marley.)
3 64,1 nonovigerous 2,2 juv. (S.A.M. No. A3839.)
As these specimens arrived after the plates accompanying this paper
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 249
had been struck, it is unfortunately impossible to give a figure of this
species, but I hope to do so on a future occasion.
Gren. EURYSTHEUS Bate.
1856. Hurystheus Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 143.
1906. is Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 610, 738 (refer-
ences).
1910. E id. Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 618.
1910. 8 id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 460.
1910. s Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 16, p. 81.
EURYSTHEUS AFER (Stebbing).
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 11.)
1888. Gammaropsis afra Stebbing, Challenger Rep. vol. 29, p. 1097,
ple ils;
1908. Eurystheus afer id. S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 87.
(Non Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2, 1912, p- 510, pl. 2,
figs. 30-34.)
As no figure of the 2nd gnathopod of the ¢ has been published it
seems advisable to give one here, especially since Stebbing (1908) has
made the suggestion that H. atlanticusand E. afer are varieties of the
same species; this suggestion has been more or less endorsed by
Chilton (1912).
From the figure it will be seen that the difference between the 2nd
gnathopods, though not great, is as well marked as that between the
eyes of the two species, and these two characters together seem quite
enough to keep the species separate.
The first gnathopods are alike in both sexes.
The second gnathopod is of the same general shape as in E.
atlanticus but the palm has a very much shallower excavation near the
lower angle, where there are two teeth and a stout spine (this spine
is present also in FH. atlanticus but has been omitted in Stebbing’s
figure, 1908, l.c. pl. 408) ; also the palm is more even, cut into several
(3-5) rounded lobes, each with secondary crenulations. Second
gnathopod of 2 as in Stebbing’s figure (1888, l.c. pl. 118) but palm
crenulate, not smooth as drawn (the description is correct)
The Challenger specimen was certainly immature as this species
reaches 11mm. in length.
A frequent habitat of this species is in the empty worm tubes
17
250 Annals of the South African Museum.
ramifying through a sponge covering the gastropod Tritoniwm murrayi
(Smith).
EURYSTHEUS IMMINENS D0. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 12.)
This species may be briefly characterised as follows: Eyes obliquely
oblong; antennae of normal length; Ist gnathopod in ¢ with palm
very oblique, without defining tooth, but with a small spine, entire
but exceedingly finely crenulate, finger matching palm, inner margin
serrulate, in ? similar; 2nd gnathopod in ¢ very like that of H.
longicornis Walker (1907, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, p. 35, pl. 12,
fig. 21) but longer proportionately to breadth (more like that of E.
atlanticus), a large spine above the defining tooth, another tooth in
centre of palm, and between this and hinge a tooth larger than either
of the others, all three apically blunt and surrounded by a pellucid
border which is minutely fimbriate, finger matching palm, inner
margin basally convex, smvoth, in ? similar but a small notch above
the defining angle of palm, with a spine in it, palm finely serrate,
finger equalling palm, inner margin finely serrulate.
Telson and uropods as in H. afer.
Length : 65 mm.
Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality : Morewood Cove NW. by N.2N., distant 3 miles (Natal
coast). 27 fathoms. 1 ¢, 2 ovigerous ? ?. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.”
19/12/00. (S.A.M. No. A2778.)
Closely resembling FH. afer in most characters, but agreeing with
FE. longicornis as regards the 2nd gnathopod. Distinguished from the
latter by the absence of very long antennae and by the characters of
the telson and uropods. It cannot be denied that the four Southern .
species H. atlanticus, afer, longicornis and imminens are very closely
allied, and it is quite possible that intermediate forms may crop up
which will necessitate uniting them all under one name.
It also resembles H. dentatus (Chevreux) in the form of the 2nd
gnathopod of ¢, but the differently shaped eye, the entire Ist side-plate
and absence of teeth on the pleon serve to distinguish it.
EURYSTHEUS SEMIDENTATUS DN. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 13, 14.)
Lateral angles of head not much produced, obtuse. Eyes small,
horizontally oval. Inferior margin of side-plates 1-3 setose, but not
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 251
serrate or crenulate. Pleon segment 4 with 3 small dorsal teeth, the
median one less prominent than the subdorsal ones, pleon segment 5
with 2 small subdorsal teeth, a seta in the angle of each tooth.
Postero-inferior angle of pleon segment 3 with a small point, margin
bulging above.
Telson with apex straight or slightly emarginate, a spine at both the
lateral angles.
First antenna, Ist joint 2 2nd and equal to 5rd, flagellum not quite
equal to peduncle, accessory flagellum 7-jointed.
Second antenna equal to first, ultimate and penultimate joints
equal, flagellum shorter than peduncle. Both antennae fringed with
long setae on lower margin.
First gnathopod, 5th joint as wide as and a little longer than
6th, the hind margin and palm of the latter forming one continuous
curve.
Second gnathopodin ¢, 6thjoint very large, palma littleoblique, finel
hirsute, defined bya small acute tooth, followed by another similar tooth,
middle of palm with a low rounded convexity, a squarish, denticulate
tooth near the hinge, finger closing within defining tooth, tapering
evenly, not strongly curved; in 2 6th smaller and much narrower in
proportion to length than in 4, defining tooth rather stout, near it is
an elongate but very stout spine, near hinge a squarish tooth, finger
overlapping defining tooth.
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint broadly oval, hind-margin setose and
slightly serrate.
Fourth and fifth peraeopods subequal, lier than 5rd, 2nd joint
half as long again as broad, postero-inferior angle quadrate, not
produced, hind margin straight, in ¢ strongly, in 9 slightly serrate.
Third uropod, peduncle with 3 stout apical spines, inner ramus
smaller than outer.
Length: ¢ 4mm., 2? 6mm.
Colour : Whitish witha series of grey-brown lateral spots, 1 on each
segment above the junction of side-plates, back and 2nd joint of the
gnathopods and peraeopods speckled with grey, distal joints of
peraeopods speckled and banded with grey, eyes black.
Locality : Buffel’s Bay Gee Bay). 28/9/18 and 1/3/15. (K.H.B.)
1 g, 5 ovigerous 9? ?, and 3 gg, 1 ovigerous ?. (S.A.M. Nos.
A2956 and A5286.)
This species is near H. dentatus (Chevreux), (Rés. Camp. Monaco,
vol. 16, p. 93, pl. 12, fig. 1), but the side-plates are not dentate, the
palm of 2nd gnathopod in ¢ has an additional tooth, and the eye is
smaller and horizontal.
252 Annals of the South African Museum.
Both dentatus and semidentatus are distinguished from thompsoni
Walker (Proc. Liverp. Biol. Soc. vol. 12, p. 283, pl. 16, figs. 3-6) by
having 3 teeth on pleon segment 4, instead of 2 as in the latter species,
and also by the 2nd gnathopod.
The 2nd gnathopod of 2 bears some resemblance to that of EF.
thomsoni (Stebb.), but that of the ¢ is rather different so far as can
be judged from Stebbing’s description (Sci. Res. “‘ Thetis,” pt. 12, p.614,
1910). It is compared with the 2nd gnathopod of Elasmoides chev-
reuxt Stebb., but such a comparison will not hold good for the present
species.
Gen. CHEVALIA Walker.
1904, Chevalia Walker in Herdman’s Ceyl. Pearl Fish. Suppl. Rep.
17,p. 288.
1906. he Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 737.
1912. ‘ Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 43 [1913], p. 374.
CHEVALIA AVICULAE Walker.
1904. Chevalia aviculae Walker, Le. p. 288, pls. 7, 8, fig. 50.
1906, BS . Stebbing, l.c. p. 737.
1909. ae a Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 341.
These specimens agree with Walker’s description. The 6th joint
of the 2nd gnathopod is twice as long as the 5th, the palm is finely
crenulate and the defining angle is not quite so prominent as in
Walker’s figure. The uropods and telson are exactly as Walker
figures them.
Length: 5 mm.
Colour : In spirit, whitish, eyes reddish-brown.
Locality : Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distant 73 miles. 125 fathoms.
8 specimens, apparently all ¢¢. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 21/12/99.
(S.A.M. No. A8813.)
Geogr. Distribution : Ceylon ; Seychelles, 22-26 fathoms ( Walker.)
Famiry AMPITHOIDAKE.
1899. Amphithoidae Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 4,
p. 211.
1906. Ampithoidae id. Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 631, 738.
1910. - id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 462.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 253
Gren. AMPITHOE Leach.
1813/14. Ampithoe Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, pp. 403, 432.
1910. a Stebbing, l.c. p. 462.
1910, Amphithoe Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 16, p. 87.
oT, 7 Briiggen, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersb. vol. 12, p. 481.
AMPITHOE VAILLANTII (Lucas).
1846. Amphithoe vaillantii Lucas, Expl. Algérie An. Artic. vol. 1, p. 54,
Crust. pl. 5, fig. 3.
1880. A erythraew Kossmann, Reise Roth. Meer. vol 2, pt. 1,
p. 134, pl. 14, figs. 12, 13.
1893. - rubricata Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 456,
pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 18, figs. 1-17, pl. 57,
figs. 25,26 (non Montagu).
1900. ee vaillanti Chevreux, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16,
p. 100.
1901 a - id. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 14, p. 418.
1904. - nS Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 291.
1904 _ intermedia id. ibid. p. 290, pl. 7, figs. 46.
1905. , pe id. in Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. and Laccad.
Archip. pasos
1906. oA vaillantii Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 639. (Re-
ferences and synonyms. )
1907. Bs intermedia Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 20,
p. 515, fig. 29.
1909. ns ~ Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. d41.
1910 eS 2 Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p, 462.
1910. a vaillanti Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 23,
p. 260, pl. 20, figs. 1-4.
The differences between Lucas’ and Walker’s species appear to be
so slight that there seems to be no necessity for keeping them separate.
Much importance cannot be attached to the absence in Walker’s
description and figures (except 2nd gnathopod of 3) of the distal
lobe on the 2nd joint of the 1st and 2nd gnathopods; it is easily
overlooked unless the limb be examined exactly in profile. Chevreux
figures it in both gnathopods of both sexes of his specimens, which he
assigns to intermedia, from the Gambier Archipelago. Nor can the
length of the flagellum of the 2nd antenna of ¢ be counted as a
254 Annals of the South African Museum.
specific character except in conjunction with other and constant
characters. Chevreux in 1900 described it in vaillantii as about equal
to the 2 last peduncular joints, at least 25-jointed ; Walker says that
in intermedia it equals the last peduncular joint and is 9-jointed.
The South African specimens form a link between these two varieties,
the flagellum being equal to the last peduncular joint and 20-jointed.
The following details refer to the South African specimens :
First and second antennae about equal in length.
First maxilla, inner plate with 3-4 setae.
Second maxilla, outer plate wider than inner, widest at distal
truncate end.
Mawxilliped, outer plate with trifid spines along inner margin.
First gnathopod, lobe on apex of 2nd joint very prominent, crenulate
and setose, 6th joint longer than 5th, tapering slightly distally, palm
not defined from inferior margin except by a stout spine, finger
strongly serrate; there is little difference in the two sexes, in the g
the limb is rather longer, 6th joint also proportionately longer.
Inferior margin of the side-plate setulose.
Second gnathopod, lobe on apex of 2nd joint very prominent,
crenulate and setose, 5th and 6th joints in ¢ as in Chevreux’s figure
of intermedia (1.c. 1907, fig. 29) but defining tooth broad, almost lobe-
like (see Walker, lc. 1904, p. 291, footnote, where a similar variety
of the Ceylon form is mentioned), the outer margin straight, inner
strongly convex; in 2 6th joint as in Walker’s figure (l.c. 1904), but
palm rather more sinuous; finger in both sexes strongly serrate,
inferior margin of side-plate setulose.
Third uropod, peduncle with 4-5 stout spines on upper apical
margin, inner ramus broader but shorter than outer, apex with 2-4
spines and 4 setae, outer ramus with 2 strong recurved spines, upper
margin very minutely scabrous.
Telson obtusely triangular, with a few setae towards apex, distal
margin convex between 2 small tubercles.
Length: 6 75 mm., 2 9°5 mm.
Colour: Claret or brownish green with a row of whitish irregular
dorsal spots, one on each of peraeon segments 6 and 7 and pleon
segments 1-3, and a whitish spot in the antero-inferior angle of side-
plates 1-5, flagellum and distal joints of peraeopods whitish, eyes
similar to the ground colour.
The markings correspond with those described by Chevreux tor
vaillantii (1.c. 1910, p. 260).
Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 28/9/13. (K.H.B.) od;
ovigerous ? ? and young; Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15/11/13.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 255
(K.H.B.) ¢ 6, ovigerous ? 9 and young. (S.A.M. Nos. A2519 and
A2895.)
Geogr. Distribution : Mediterranean (Lucas, Della Valle, Chevreux) ;
Portugal (Chevreux); West Coast France and English Channel,
10-12 metres (Chevreux) ; Azores, 5-15 metres (Chevreux) ; Black
Sea (Czerniavski) ; Red Sea (Kossmann); Seychelles (Chevreux) ;
Ceylon, Maldives, Seychelles, Zanzibar, Red Sea (Walker) ; Tuamotu
and Gambier Archipelago (Chevreux); Algoa Bay, 10 fathoms
(Stebbing.)
Walker’s species A. lobata remains obscure. Of the two features
which are claimed as distinguishing this species from others, the lobe
on apex of 2nd joint of Ist and 2nd gnathopods is present in several
other species, and the supposed tertiary cutting-edge in the mandible
seems to be only the new mandible forming within the old (cf.
Stebbing’s figure of A. flindersi, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, pl. 118). The
lobe on the third joint of the gnathopods is also stated to be charac-
teristic and is represented in the figures as rather strong, but this 1s
also the case with the South African specimens of A. vaillantii and
cannot be regarded as a distinguishing character. Walker himself is
inclined to regard his specimens as immature, and the structure of the
mandible confirms him. Iam inclined therefore to regard lobata as
an immature form of vaillantit.
AMPITHOE BREVIPES (Dana).
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 34.)
1852. Amphithoe brevipes Dana, P. Amer. Ac. vol. 2, p. 216.
1853/55. 7 _ id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, pt. 2, p. 941,
pl. 64, figs. 5a—n.
? 1853/55. ,, peregrina (juv.) id. ibid. p. 940, pl. 64, figs. 4a—b.
1862. y, falklandi (Pjav.) Bate, Cat. Amph. Brit. Mus.
p. 237, pl. 41, fig. 6.
1862. * brevipes id. ibid. p. 248, pl. 43, fig. 2.
1862. = peregrina, id. ibid. p. 247, pl. 43. fig. 1.
1893. # rubricata (part), Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel.
| vol. 20, pp. 456, 459.
1906. “3 brevipes Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 637.
1914. a , id. Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1914, p. 371.
I have little hesitation in identifying these specimens with Dana's
species, appending however a brief description of them.
Eyes subrotund. Side-plate 1 scarcely produced forwards, 5 largest.
256 Annals of the South African Museum.
Postero-inferior angle of 3rd pleon segment rounded. Antenna | half
length of body, Ist joint largest. Antenna 2 with ultimate pedun-
cular joint scarcely as long as penultimate. Inner plate of 1st maxilla
with 1 seta. Gnathopod 1, 5th joint shorter and broader than 6th,
which is narrow, oblong, inferior margin slightly concave, palm trans-
verse, defining angle quadrate, finger longer than palm. Gnathopod 2,
5th joint cup-shaped, 6th elongate ovate, narrowing distally, palm
concave but otherwise undistinguished from hind margin, a small
rectangular tooth at the finger hinge, palm and hind margin with a
few plumose setae, finger ? leneth of 6th joint. Neither 2nd nor 3rd
joints of both gnathopods are lobed at distal anterior apex. In ? Ist
and 2nd gnathopods resemble the Ist gnathopod of J. Peraeopods 1]
and 2, 2nd joint strongly expanded, 4th distally lobed. Uropod 3,
peduncle with 2 spines on distal margin, rami subequal in size, outer
ramus with 2 hooked spines and numerous minute serrations on outer
(upper) margin. Telson small, subtriangular, 2 setae between the
lateral points.
Length: 12 mm.
Colour: Pale straw-colour, eyes crimson.
Locality ; Buttel’s Bay (False Bay), 28/9/18 and 1/3/15. (K.H.B.)
One juv. and several ¢ ¢ and ovigerous 9? 2. (S.A.M. Nos. A2537
and A3288.)
Geogr. Distribution: Tierra del Fuego, 5 fathoms (Dana); Falkland
Islands (Dana, Stebbing).
AMPITHOE sp.?
Two specimens from Port Shepstone WNW., distant 23 miles
(Natal). (24 fathoms. ss. “Pieter Faure.) (S.A.M. No. 227),
present the following features :
Both antennae lost. Eyes prominent. Inner plate of Ist mavilla
with only one seta.
Side-plate 1 oblong, not produced forwards, 2 oblong, nearly twice
as deep as long, inferior margins of both setulose, with a tuft of tonger
setae near the postero-inferior angle.
First gnathopod, 2nd joint with prominent distal lobe, in ¢ 6th
joint longer than 5th, stout, oblong, not tapering distally, palm a little
oblique, defining angle distinct but not prominent, palm sinuous,
concave near defining angle, convex near hinge; in ? 6th joint not
quite so stout, palm a little more oblique ; finger strongly serrate.
Second gnathopod, 2nd joint with prominent distal lobe,in J 6th
rather similar in shape to that of vaillantii but front apex not pro-
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 257
duced beyond base of finger, defining tooth short, and palm not deeply
excavate; in 9 limb resembles Ist gnathopod of 4, finger strongly
serrate.
Second joint of Ist and 2nd peraeopods as in A. kergueleni Stebb.
Third uropod, peduncle with 5-6 spines on upper apex, inner ramus
a little larger than outer.
These specimens show a very strong likeness to A. rubricata (Mont.)
and also to A. kergueleni Stebb. -The latter however has numerous
setae on the inner plate of Ist maxilla and only 2 spines on apex of
peduncle of 3rd uropod. Until further and better material of the
South African form comes to hand, it is not advisable to assign them
to a particular species. It is possible that kergueleni may be only a
southern form of ruvbricata, and that transitional forms may later be
discovered.
Gen, GRUBIA Czern.
1868. Grubia Czerniavski, Syezda Russ. Est. Syezda 1. Zool. p. 103.
1888. ,, Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 377.
1893. ,, Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. 20, p. 464.
1900. - Chevreux, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 25, no. 5/6, p. 95.
1901. ,, id. Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. vol. 14, p. 422.
1903. oe Walker & Scott in Forbes. Nat. Hist. Sokotra, p. 226.
1905. es Holmes, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. vol. 24, p. 510.
1906. 5 Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 644, 738.
1907. = Chevreux, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1907, no. 6,
p. 417.
1910. = Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 16, p. 97.
The International Catalogue No. 7 refers to two new species (Odusi
kelleri and Grubia esa) from Vladivostok described by von der
Briiggen in “ Bull. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 6, 1, 1907 (660).” This
reference must have been wrongly quoted as there is no paper on
Amphipods by this author in the volume for 1907. In no. 2 of this
volume; p. 44, however, occurs a notice of v. d. Briiggen’s paper which
appears to have been published in the following year in Ann. Mus.
Zool. St. Petersb. 1907, xii, 4, p. 478. This reference is correctly
quoted in the International Catalogue No. 8, where the new species
are given as Odius kelleri and Amphithoe eoa (v. d. Briggen writes the
latter, Amphitoe).
I therefore regard Grubia esa as a synonym, or rather a nomen
nudum, of Amphitoe eoa and non-existent as far as the genus Grubiais
concerned.
258 Annals of the South African Museum.
In Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 48 [1915], p. 376, Pearse gives a figure
of G. compta Smith (?) and in the text says the specimens differ from
Holmes’ figures (lec. supra): the chief difference apparently being
that the Ist gnathopod is larger than the 2nd. If this is so, the
specimens would seem to belong more properly to Paragrubia Chevreux
1901. I believe, however, that Pearse has accidentally made a slip
and transposed the two limbs, since the so-called “gn, J” and “ gn, J”
in his figures correspond exactly in relative size as well as in the shapes
of the component joints with the second and first gnathopods respec.
tively ofan ordinary species of Grubia; ef. for example Chevreux’s
figure of G. hirsuta (1.c. 1900).
GRUBIA AUSTRALIS, 0D. Sp.
Body robust, dorsally rounded, not compressed. Eyes subrotund,
faint in colour, situate in the antero-lateral angles of head. Side-
plate 1 produced forwards but not beyond the vertical from the
posterior margin of eye, 1-4 fringed, but not densely, on inferior
margin with long simple setae, anterior lobe of 5 larger and deeper
than any of the preceding. Postero-inferior angle of 5rd pleon seg-
ment bluntly quadrate.
Telson broader than long, distal margin convex between the sub-
acute lateral angles, a group of 2-3 setae in the middle of the lateral
margin, another group of ca. 6 longer setae near the lateral angles.
First antenna longer than 2nd, reaching to end of peraeon (4 length
of body), Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd 42nd, flagellum longer than
peduncle, accessory flagellum very small, 1-jointed, scarcely half length
of Ist flagellar joint, with 2 apical setae.
Second antenna reaching to about 5th peraeon segment, ultimate
and penultimate joints subequal, flagellum a little longer than
peduncle.
Neither antenna strongly setose.
Upper lip broader than long, apical margin convex and setose.
Lower lip, outer lobes shallowly bifid.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 8-dentate, secondary cutting-edge 7-dentate,
spine-row with 6 spines, 2nd and 3rd joints of palp subequal in
length.
First maxilla, inner plate with 6 faintly plumose setae, outer plate
with 10 spines, palp with 9 spine-setae.
Second maxilla, inner plate only half the width of outer.
Maxilliped, outer plate with ca. 17 simple, not serrate, spine-teeth
on inner margin. ie
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 259
First gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint not apically lobed, inferior margin of
4th and 5th subequal, anterior margin of 5th as long as 6th, 6th ovate,
palm oblique, straight, shghtly concave near the blunt defining angle
which bears a spine, irregularly dentate, hind margin crenulate, both
with long setae, finger slightly overlapping palm, inner margin serru-
late; in ? similar to ¢ but not so large, and palm a little more
convex.
Second gnathopod ¢, 2nd joint not or only very slightly lobed on
front apex, 4th bluntly pointed, setose, inferior margin of 5th equal to
that of 4th, straight, finely crenulate, 6th longer than 5th, ovate, palm
oblique, concave, defining angle not produced, blunt, with a spine in
immature specimens but apparently without in adults, anterior and
hind margins of 5th and 6th densely fringed with very long plumose
setae in the adult, much less setose in immature specimens, finger
stout, tip closing on to surface of defining angle, inner margin serrate ;
in ? similar to ¢ but smaller, inferior margin of 5th not as long as
that of 4th, palm more sinuous, /.e. convex near hinge, concave only
near defining angle, 5th and 6th joints without the fringe of long
plumose setae, being only sparsely clothed with simple setae which
are most numerous on the inferior margin of the 5th.
First and second peraeopods, 2nd joint not expanded, similar to
those of Amphithoe rubricata (Mont.).
Third peraeopod, 2nd joint not quite as broad as long, hind margin
smooth, anterior margin of 6th with 6 stout spines increasing in
length distally.
Fourth and fifth paraepods, 2nd joint half as long again as broad,
hind margin smooth, anterior margin of 6th with 6 stout spines,
increasing in length distally.
First and second uropods, rami shorter than peduncle, outer a trifle
shorter than inner, both with 4-6 marginal spines, peduncle of Ist
uropod with 1 very strong apical spine.
Third uropod, peduncle with ca. 10 very stout blunt spines on upper
apical margin, rami shorter than peduncle, inner with ca. 6 stout
spines on distal half of upper surface, apex with a group of setae,
outer ramus with 2 stout, blunt spines in middle of upper outer
margin followed by several setae, apex with 2 strong recurved
spines.
Length: & and ovigerous ?, 20 mm., one ovigerous 2 23 mm.
Colour: Brown or greyish, with lighter spots on back, rather
nregularly arranged but usually one or two on posterior margin of
each peraeon setment, flagella of both antennae and 6th and 7th
joints of the peraeopods whitish, apex of 6th and 7th joints of Ist and
260 Annals of the South African Museum.
2nd gnathopods in 2 orange-brown, eyes faint, of the same colour as
body.
Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15 and 29/11/15. (K.H.B.)
3S, 2 2 (with ova and embryos) and immature specimens: (S.A.M.
No. A2894. )
MACROPISTHOPOUS n. g.
Side plate 1-5 well developed, 5 as deep as 4, with small hind-lobe.
First antenna without accessory flagellum. Outer lobe of lower lip
deeply notched, the outer portion smaller than the inner. Molar well
developed, palp of mandible with 5rd joint shorter than 2nd. First
and second gnathopods similar in, both sexes, 6th joint not enlarged,
very feebly chelate. Sixth joint of peraeopods 3-5 not strongly
expanded apically. Fifth peraeopod enormously enlarged, flattened,
oar-like. Rami of 3rd uropod short, outer with 2 hooks. Telson
with the lateral angles nearly apical.
MACROPISTHOPOUS STEBBINGI N. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 15-17.)
Body fairly compressed, back rounded, smooth, lateral lobes of head
not prominent, eye round. Side-plates 1-5 ‘ovoid, rounded below,
increasing in length and slightly in depth, a short row of long setae
on postero-inferior angle, 6 shallow, bilobed, 7 shallow, semicircular.
Pleon-segments 1—3 with postero-inferior angles rounded.
Telson triangular, broader than long, apex shortly truncate with a
small tubercle at each angle and 2 large and 2 small setae between
them, 1 large and 1 small seta in the middle of lateral margin.
First antenna reaching to end of 4th peraeon segment, Ist joint
stouter aud a little longer than 2nd, 5rd half 2nd, all 3 joints apically
setose, lst and 2nd in ¢ with a fairly dense fringe of long plumose
setze on lower margin, flagellum longer than peduncle, ca. 25-jointed
in g, ca. 20 in 2, in both sexes with narrow sensory filaments.
Second antenna half as long as Ist, ultimate joint slightly longer
than penultimate, joimts stouter in ¢ than in 92, penultimate and
antepenultimate joints in ¢ with dense fringe of long plumose setae
on lower margin, flagellum equal to or a little shorter than peduncle,
13-jointed.
Upper lip broader than long, entire, distal margin setose.
Lower lip, outer lobes deeply notched, the outer portion being
scarcely half the size of inner, mandibular processes curved, stout,
apically subacute, inner lobes broad.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 261
Mandibles, cutting-edge 5-dentate in left, 7 in right, secondary
cutting-edge in left 8-dentate, 9 in right, spime-row with 9 spines,
molar somewhat conical, palp slender, Ist and 2nd joints subequal,
3rd not enlarged, shorter than 2nd, only the 3rd bearing setae, which
form an apical tuft.
First maxilla, inner plate broad with I apical seta, outer plate with
10 spines, palp slender, 2nd joint narrow, curved, with apical spinules.
Second maxilla, plates equal in length, inner narrow and more
tapering than outer, its inner margin setose.
Maxilliped like that of Ampithoe, outer plate reaching to middle of
3rd joint of palp, inner margin with ca. 15 spines.
First gnathopod similar in both sexes, 2nd joint not lobed on
anterior apex, 5th and 6th joints not lobed, cylindrical, their inferior
margins setose, 6th a little longer than 5th, of nearly uniform width,
distal margin between acute inferior apex (“thumb”) and hinge
angularly concave, a row of setae along the thumb, finger a little more
than 3 6th, inner distal margin with 3-4 serrations.
Second gnathopod similar to Ist, but 5th and 6th joints a little
stouter, and inferior margin of 5th is lobed, similar in both sexes.
First and second peraeopods, 2nd joint expanded, ovoid, distal halt
wider than proximal, glandular, tapering, finger half length of 6th,
inner margin smooth.
Third peraeopod shorter than Ist and 2nd, 2nd joint ovoid,
narrowing distally, 5th a little shorter than 4th, 6th longer than 4th,
with 3 spines on posterior margin (anterior when in its natural reverted
position) and 2 on posterior apex, finger and unguis short, curved.
Fourth peraeopod longer than 3rd, 2nd joint not greatly expanded,
but stout, half as long again as broad, 4th longer than 5th, 6th subequal
to 4th, 4 spines on anterior margin and 2 on anterior apex, finger and
unguis moderately curved.
Fifth peraeopod longest, oar-like, all the joints very stout and
expanded, more so in g than ?, 3rd not very expanded but distally
lobed, 5th a little longer than 4th, 6th equal to 4th in ¢, equal to 5th
in 9, considerably narrower than 5th joint, its outer margin with a
subapical and an apical tuft of setae, inner margin with 2 subapical
groups consisting of 1 spine and several setae, and an apical one of
3-4 spines and setae, finger moderately curved; the whole surface
of this peraeopod in both sexes minutely granulate, so that the margins
of the joints appear very finely crenulate.
First uropod, peduncle longer than rami, of which outer is shorter
than inner, 5 marginal spines on outey, 2 on inner ramus, both rami
with 3 apical spines. -
262 Annals of the South African Museum.
Second uropod, peduncle a little longer than rami, outer ramus a little
shorter than inner and distinctly stouter, 5 marginal spines on outer,
_ 3 on inner ramus, both rami with 3 apical spines.
Third uropod reaching a little beyond 2nd uropod, very stout,
peduncle with 4 stout spines on upper distal margin and some setae on
lower distal margin, inner ramus as long as broad, apically truncate,
with 1 large and 1 small stout spine and several setae, outer ramus a
little longer but not quite as wide, with 2 strong recurved apical hooks,
upper margin setulose.
Length: 6 75 mm., 2 7 mm.
Colour: Uniform whitish-yellow, eyes red.
Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 29/9/13 and 1/3/15. @6,
ovigerous 2 9 and young. (K.H.B.); Port Elizabeth. November,
1914. 2 9 2 with embryos. (FitzSimons). (8.A.M. Nos. A2917,
A3287, and A3035.
I have much pleasure in naming this species after Rev. T. R. R.
Stebbing, who on many occasions has been kind enough to give me the
benefit of his knowledge and experience.
Famity JASSIDAE.
1888. Podoceridae (part) Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1112.
1893. # ( 5 ) G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 577.
1899. Ischyroceridae Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 4,
pa2lk
1906. Jassidae id. Das Tierreich, 21, p. 647.
1908. Ischyroceridae Walker, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, p. 38.
1910. Jassidae Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 462.
Gren. JASSA Leach.
1813/14. Jassa (part) Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vol. 7, p. 433.
1852. Cratophium Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 309.
1853. 53 id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, pt. 2, pp. 832, 840.
1899. Jassa Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 239.
1905. Bruzeliella Norman, ibid. ser. 7, vol. 16, p. 83.
1906. Jassa Stebbing, l.c. pp. 652, 739.
1907. ,, Chevreux, Exp. Antarct. Franc. p. 94.
Jassa FALcATA (Montagu).
1808. Cancer falcatus Montagu, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 9, p. 100,
pl. 5, fig. 2.
1813/14. Jassa pulchella Leach, Lc. p. 433.
OC?
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 265
1853. Cratophium validum Dana, l.c. p. 841, pl. 56, fig. 2.
1879. Podocerus australis Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
p. 338, pl. 21, fig. 8.
1888. Jassa ingens Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamb. Anst. vol. 5, p. 151, pl. 3,
fig. 1.
1906. ,, pulchella and falcata Stebbing, Le. pp. 654, 656, 739
(references).
1909. Bruzeliella falcata Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, pt. 4,
p. 345.
1909. Jassa pulchella Chilton, Subant. Is. N. Zeal. vol. 2, p. 647.
LOLO: —.., x Stebbing, Gen. Cat. 8.A. Crust. p. 462.
1911. ,, falcata Sexton, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. n.s. vol. 9, pt. 2, p. 212,
pl. 3, fig. 10 (side-plate 2 of adult ¢).
1OTZ. 5; » Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 511.
1914. ,, ,, Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1914, p. 371.
The South African form is the same as that described by Dana as
Cratophium validum, having the basal tooth on 6th joint of the
2nd gnathopod of ¢ distally emarginate on outside and apically acute
(see Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, pl. 138). In the ¢ the projec-
tion just distal to the basal tooth, which bears 3 spines, of 6th joint
of 2nd gnathopod is angular as in Sars’ figure of pusilla, not rounded
as in his figure of falcata.
Side-plate 2 longer than deep, anterior margin scarcely more than
half the posterior margin of side-plate 1, posterior margin not as deep
as anterior margin of side-plate 3, inferior margin in ¢ very slightly
concave, in 9 straight or very slightly convex.
There appears to be only one form present in South Africa corre-
sponding to Sexton’s “Form 2.” ‘“ Form 1” with swollen antennae
and broad hand and thumb has not yet been discovered.
Length ; 4—6 mm.
Colour : Greyish, somewhat mottled dorsally, frequently a darker
erey dorsal patch on peraeon segments 5-7 and also sometimes on the
pleon segments.
Locality: Butfel’s Bay and St. James (False Bay). 29/9/13 and
15/2/14. (K.H.B.) ¢@o and ovigerous ? ? ; Sea Point, near Cape
Town. 26/2/14 and 13/4/14. (K.H.B.) ¢@ 6 and ovigerous ? 2? ;
Swakopmund. May, 1908. (J. Drury.) 19. (S.A.M. Nos. A2515,
A2904, A2901, A2904, and A2952 respectively.)
Geogr. Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean (Montagu, Sars, Della
Valle, Chevreux) ; Azores (Barrois) ; Rio Janeiro (Dana: C. validuiv)
Pt. Jackson (Haswell: P. australis); South Georgia (Pfeffer: P.
264 Annals of the South African Musewm.
ingens); 30° 4’ §, 18° 37’ E. and Kerguelen Is. (Stebbing: P. fal-
catus); 42° 43' §., 82° 11’ W. and Philippine Islands (Stebbing :
P. validus) New Zealand and neighbouring islands (Thomson and
Chilton) ; Ceylon and Zanzibar (Walker) ; South Orkneys (Chilton) ;
Falkland Islands (Stebbing).
Gen. ISCHYROCERUS Kréyer.
1838. Ischyrocerus Kroyer, Danske Selsk. Afh. vol. 7, pp. 285, 287.
1894. fe: G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 587.
1900. " Chevreux, Rés. Camp. Monaco, vol. 16, p. 104.
1906. A Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 657, 759.
IsCHYROCERUS ANGUIPES Kroyer.
1838. Ischyrocerus anguipes Kroyer, Danske Selsk. Afh. vol. 7, p. 288,
pl. 3, figs 14a—m.
1894. cs ‘ +minutus G.O. Sars, le. pp. 588, 589,
ple 209, pls 210, he. 1.
1906. - - Stebbing, Le. p. 658. (References and
synonyms. )
1907. - “ von der Briiggen, Ann. Mus. Zool. St.
Petersb. vol. 11 [1906], p. 236.
Body slender in ¢ but rather stout in ?, iridescent. Lateral lobes
of head somewhat obtuse. . Eye small, oval. Side-plates 1-4 in-
creasing in depth in ?,1 narrowed below, 5 rather shallower, in 3 2-5
subequal in depth. Postero-lateral angle of 3rd pleon segment
quadrate.
Telson broader than long, margins convex, apically rounded, with
2 submedian apical spines.
First antenna, 3rd joint longer than either 2nd or Ist, flagellum
equal to 3rd joint plus half the 2nd, 5-joimted, accessory flagellum
very small but distinct (in ¢ Ist antenna lost).
Second antenna a little longer than Ist, ultimate joint longer than
penultimate, flagellum equal to or a little longer than ultimate joint,
6-jointed in f#,5in 9.
Mouth-parts as figured for I. anguipes Kréyer by Sars (1.c. pl. 209),
but distal margin of upper lip a little more convex and 2nd joint of
mandibular palp comparatively shorter and more angular on inner
margin.
First gnathopod, 4th—6th joints rather slender, 5th elongate, nearly
4 length of 2nd, inferior margin with a rather long but not promi-
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 265
nently projecting lobe, 6th equal to 4th and 5th together, elongate-
oval, palm distinguished from inferior margin only by 2 spines and
by its minute denticulation, inferior margin with 3 spines and several
setae, finger evenly curved, equal to palm; in-? shorter, 5th joint
stouter, inferior margin of 6th with only 1 spine at junction with
palm, otherwise as in ¢.
Second gnathopod, in ¢ elongate, 2nd joint curved, 5rd lobed on
anterior margin, 4th not or scarcely apically produced as in I. anguwipes,
5th with a narrow lobe projecting backwards below 4th, 6th elongate,
34 times as long as broad, curved, inferior concave margin nearly
parallel with upper convex margin and bearing long setae, a broad,
truncate, apically bifid and denticulate tooth near the hinge, finger
curved, not quite reaching base of 6th, inner margin near the hinge
with 2 semicircular excavations to receive the bifid tooth on the palm ;
in the immature ¢ the hand is not so long, inferior margin straight,
not convex, 2 teeth instead of one apically bifid near the hinge, finger
not doubly excavate; in 2 similar to lst gnathopod and not larger.
First and second peraeopods as in I. anguipes.
Third to fifth peraeopods not slender, 2nd joint expanded, hind
margin most convex in 5th peraeopod, postero-inferior angles rounded.
First and second uropods, outer ramus shorter than inner, rami
shorter than peduncle in Ist uropod, inner ramus subequal to peduncle
in 2nd uropod, apex of peduncle of Ist with acute spine.
Third uropod reaching very little beyond end of 2nd uropod, rami
very small, equal to apical width of peduncle, inner ramus narrow,
outer broad at base, distal half suddenly. contracted, apex minutely
hooked, 5 denticles on upper margin.
Length: 3mm., ¢ a trifle over 5 mm.
Colour: J usually whitish with a broad dorsal stripe of claret,
? usually greyish or claret, pleon sometimes lighter or with irregular
patches of black, whole body, side-plates and appendages with minute
eircular black pigment specks, but the two types of coloration are not
confined to the respective sexes.
Locality : Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 28/9/13 and 1/3/15. (K.H.B.)
6 and ovigerous ? 9; Sea Point, near Cape Town. 26/2/14.
(K.H.B.) 1 ovigerous 9. (S8.A.M. Nos. A2533, A3290, and A2922.)
Geogr. Distribution: Widely distributed in the North Atlantic
(incl. Arctic Ocean) and adjoining seas.
The chief differences between these specimens and the typical form
lie in the shorter and more rounded telson, which is somewhat similar
to that of I. commensalis Chevreux, and in the 2nd enathopod of the
male.
18
266 Annals of the South African Museum.
IscHYROCERUS CARINATUS N. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 18.)
Body only faintly iridescent. Lateral lobes of the head obtuse,
eyes small, oval. Peraeon in adult ¢ covered with rather long scattered
setae, segment 1 longer than 2, segments 1, 2, 6 and 7 each witha
high medio-dorsai keel extending on segments 1 and 2 the whole
length, on segments 6 and 7 only on the posterior part (of the seg-
ment), its upper margin straight and the angles rounded; in young
oS gd measuring 2°5 mm. the peraeon is non-setose (except on the side-
plates) and without keels, those of 3 mm. are faintly setose, with a low
keel on Ist peraeon segment only; the nonovigerous ? is non-setose
~and keelless. Side-plate 1 somewhat narrowed below, 4 largest, anterior
lobe of 5 as deep as 4, all side-plates sparsely setose on inferior margin
and with their outer surface covered with minute widely spaced granules
each bearing one or two wavy setules. Pleon keelless, postero-inferior
angle of 5rd segment rounded.
Telson broader than long, apically obtuse, side-margins very slightly
concave, 2 submedian spines on upper margin near apex.
First antenna, Ist joint shortest, 2nd and 3rd subequal, flagellum a a
trifle longer than 5rd joint, 4—5-jointed, accessory flagellum 2-jointed,
half as long as Ist flagellar joint, 2nd joint minute.
Second antenna, ultimate peduncular joint a trifle longer than
penultimate, flagellum equal to ultimate joint, 5-jointed.
Mouth-parts, as in I. anguipes, but Ist jomt of mandibular palp
shorter and 2nd-more.angular on inner margin.
First gnathopod in @, 2nd joint flask-shaped, very narrow at. base,
swelling rapidly, the anterior apex forming a rounded lobe, 4th longer
than 8rd, its inferior margin straight or concave, 5th equal to 4th, 6th
equal to 4th and 5th together, oval, interior margin setose and with
4-5 spines in middle, the palm undefined from hind margin except by
its minute denticulation.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint very long, remarkably slender
proximally, strongly curved, the proximal 4 convex and serrate in
front, the distal 2 concave in front, distal anterior lobe serrate and
spinulose, 3rd with whole anterior margin produced as a rectangular
lobe, highest proximally, the ends rounded, 4th triangular, distal apex
rounded, with a small tuft of setae, 5th very short but as broad as
base of 6th, anterior apex subacute, inferior margin straight, minutely
denticulate, with a submarginal tuft of setae, 6th narrow-ovate, twice
as long as broad, palm and hind margin confluent, convex, with a step-
like constriction in middle, the distal half narrower than proximal,
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 267
near hinge a setiferous bifid tooth, of which the lower tooth is longer
and more pointed, whole inferior margin with a row of plumose setae,
finger curved, with 2 slight emarginations at base of inner margin; in
young ¢ ¢ 2°5 mm. long, the inferior margin is without a “ step,”
and in those 3 mm. long it has only a slight “ step”.
First and second gnathopods in 9 similar to one another and very
like those of I. anguipes, but 6th joint narrow-oval with 2 spines
defining the palm.
Peraeopods very similar to those of I. anguipes, 3rd—5th rather
robust, 2nd joint expanded, ovoid, hind-margin most convex in 5th
peraeopod, postero-inferior angles rounded.
First and second uropods, outer ramus shorter than inner, peduncle
of 1st with acute apical spine.
Third uropod reaching as far as or a little beyond ends of Ist and
2nd, peduncle with 3 spines on upper margin, outer ramus ; length of
peduncle, inner ramus shorter than outer, both narrow, outer with an
apical recurved spine and 2 minute denticles.
Length: § 4mm., nonovigerous ? 3 mm.
Colour : Mottled greyish, head and peraeon segments 1, 3, 4 and 5
darker than rest of body, black pigment specks absent.
Locality ; Sea Point, near Cape Town. 5/10/14. (K.H.B.) 1 im-
mature ¢, low-tide; Swakopmund, German 8.W. Africa. May, 1908.
(J. Drury.) 3 ¢ 6, 5 immature dg, 4 nonovigerous ? ?, from
floating buoy; Cape Town. 19/8/98. 1 ¢ off a Palinurus lalandii.
(S.A.M. Nos. A2926, A2953, and A3393.)
ISAEOPSIS n. g.
Side-plate 5 as deep as 4 and much deeper than 6, entire. First
antenna shorter than 2nd, accessory flagellum distinct, 1-jomted. Palp
of maxilliped 4-jointed. First and second gnathopods in 9 subequal,
second gnathopod in ¢ very large. All the peraeopods stout and
subchelate.
The resemblance to Isaea M. Edw. in general habit and the sub-
chelate peraeopods is very remarkable, but the uncinate 3rd uropods, the
mandibular palp, and the 2nd gnathopod of the male would seem to
necessitate placing this genus in the family Jassidae. The subchelate
peraeopods are evidently an adaptation to the habitat of the animal.
ISAEOPSIS TENAX ND. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 19-21.)
Lateral lobes of head not very prominent, subacute. Eyes small but
268 Annals of the South African Museum.
distinct, nearly round. Side-plate 1 small, 2-5 much deeper, about as
deep as their segments, rounded-quadrate below, 6 not nearly as deep
as 5, all the side-plates sloping outwards and giving the animal a rather
broad appearance.
Telson not quite as long as broad, semicircular, with a spinule on
either side a little beyond the centre.
First antenna stout, Ist joimt a little longer than broad, 2nd and
3rd subequal, lower margin with long setae, flagellum a trifle longer
than 38rd peduncular joint, 4-jointed, Ist joint equal to all the rest
together, accessory flagellum small but distinct, 1-joimted.
Second antenna stout and a little longer than 1st, ultimate joint
longer than penultimate, flagellum a little longer than ultimate joint,
4-jointed, Ist joint equal to all the rest together.
Lower lip, inner lobes distinct, outer lobes entire, not divided,
apically rounded, mandibular processes subacute.
Mandibles, cutting-edge 3 (?) dentate, secondary cutting-edge in left
bidentate, spine-row (in left) with three spines, molar somewhat
conical, but apically blunt, palp large and stout, 2nd joint ovate,
setose on inner margin, 3rd shorter than 2nd, laminar, expanded distal
end with long setae.
First maxilla, outer plate with 9 (?) spines, palp 2-jointed, 2nd joint
long and very slightly widened distally.
Maxilliped, outer plate reaching a little beyond middle of 2nd joint
of palp, 2nd joint oblong, 5rd oval, half length of 2nd, 4th nearly as
long as 3rd, narrow, bluntly pointed, both inner and outer plates and
all the palpal joints setose.
Upper lip, inner plate of Ist maxilla and 2nd maxilla not successfully
dissected out.
First gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint narrow at base, distally widening,
anterior margin produced into a rounded apical lobe with a few setae,
ord and 4th much narrower than 2nd, 5th shorter and slightly narrower
than 6th which is oval, palm oblique, continuous with inferior margin
but distinguished by 4-5 spines becoming smaller towards the hinge,
finger matching palm, serrulate on inner apex, outer apex acutely
produced over base of unguis, with a comb-like row of fine setules,
unguis small; in 2 similar.
Second gnathopod in ¢, 2nd joint long, narrow, curved forwards
(similar to that of Ischyrocerus carinatus), whole of anterior margin
serrulate, anterior apex not strongly lobed, 3rd slightly lobed, 5th very
short but broad, inferior margin truncate, 6th large, elongate, oblong,
palm plus inferior margin slightly concave, sparsely setose or with a
fairly strong bifid tooth at the hinge, finger haif as long as 6th joint,
Orustacean Fauna of South Africa. 269
curved, apically blunt, mner margin convex in the middle ; in 9 similar
to Ist gnathopod.
First and second peraeopods stout, glandular, 2nd joint linear,
slightly wider distally, anterior apex rounded quadrate, 5th a little
shorter than 4th, but longer than 3rd, 6th longer than 4th, oblong,
palm oblique with 3 short, stout spines, finger overlapping palin,
curved, unguis not distinct from finger.
Third to fifth peraeopods stout, peraeopod 3 reverted, 4 and 5 sub-
equal, 2nd joint expanded, oval, postero-inferior angle rounded,
extending nearly to end of 3rd joint, hind margin entire, 4th longer
than 5th, both joints a little expanded distally, 6th equal to 4th,
oblong, palm oblique, defined by a stout spine, finger overlapping
palm, curved, outer apex acutely produced over base of unguis, with a
comb-like row of fine setules, unguis distinct and pointed.
First uropod, peduncle with an apical acute process, upper margin
with 3 spinules, outer ramus shorter than inner, which is equal to
peduncle, apices of rami with 1 spine and 2 spinules.
Second uropod, outer ramus subequal to peduncle but shorter than
inner ramus, both rami with 2 marginal spines and 3 stout unequal
apical spines.
Third uropod, rami short, subequal, inner ending in | spine, outer
with a recurved hook, upper margin with 2 denticles.
Length: 3 4mm., 2? 3°25 mm.
Colour: In spirit, whitish, eyes brown.
Locality: Table Bay. 26/3/96. (Dr. J.D. F. Gilchrist.) 1 2 with
embryos; Cape Town. 19/8/98. 2 ¢, 5 ovigerous ? 9, 3 juv.
from amongst the egg-clusters on Palinurus lalandiv. (S.A.M. Nos.
A2847 and A3392.)
Famity COROPHIIDAE.
1849. Corophidae Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 139.
1888. Corophiidae Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1154.
1904. FS Coutitre, Bull. Soc. philom. ser. 9, vol. 6, p. 166.
1906. i Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 662, 739.
1910. . id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 462.
Gen. SIPHONOECETES Kroyer.
1845. Siphonoecetes Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 481,
491.
1876. Boeck, Skand. Arkt. Amphip. vol. 2, p. 630.
be)
270 Annals of the South African Museum.
1888. Siphonoecetes Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 212.
1893. a Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 357.
1894. * G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 609.
1904. fe Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.
Rep. 17, p. 294.
1905. * Rathbun, Pap. Boston Soc. vol. 7, p. 74.
1906. & Stebbing, l.c. pp. 681, 740 (references, with varia-
tions in spelling).
1910. is id. Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 618.
SIPHONOECETES ORIENTALIS Walker.
1904. Siphonoecetes orientalis Walker, l.c. p. 294, pl. 7, fig. 49.
1906. 3 Fe Stebbing, l.c. p. 740.
The South African specimens agree with Walker’s description except
in the following slight details :
Eyes poorly developed, composed of 8 lenses, more or less separate
and arranged in a circle.
First antenna extending beyond end of penultimate peduncular
joint of 2nd antenna, peduncular joints becoming successively shorter,
flagellum subequal to peduncle, 10—-11-jointed. (Walker’s specimens
had 14 joints; Stebbing in 1910, l.c. p. 618, remarks on the large
number of flagellar joints in this species, a number double that found
in any other species.)
Second antenna as long as body, ultimate and penultimate peduncular
joints subequal, the ultimate joint densely setose, flagellum scarcely
more than half length of ultimate joint, composed of 1 long and
2 short joints, densely setose, with marginal and apical unguiform
spines.
In addition it may be stated that the mouth-parts resemble those
figured by Sars (Lc. pl. 218) for S. colletti Boeck, but the inner plate
of the first maxilla is quite obsolete. Ramus of 8rd uropod as broad
as long.
Tube constructed of fragments of shell.
Length; 6 mm.
Colour: In spirit, whitish.
Locality : Umhloti River mouth NW. 4 W., distant 15 miles (Natal).
100 fathoms. 4 ¢ ¢ ; Nanquas Peak N. 3 W., distant 21 miles (East
end of Algoa Bay). 63 fathoms. 1 ? in tube; Beacon East of East
London N. i E., distant 10 miles. 52 fathoms. 1 ¢; Amatikulu
River mouth NW. 3 N., distant 9 miles (Natal). 26 fathoms. 1 @.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 271
s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 19/12/00, 23/9/01, 12/7/01 and 30/1/01. (S.A.M.
Nos. A213, A212, A2781, and A3391 respectively.)
Geogr. Distribution : Ceylon (Walker).
Gry. CERAPUS Say.
1817. Cerapus Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. 11, p. 49.
1888. as Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1157.
1906. x id, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 665, 740.
1910. _ id. Sci. Res. “Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 616.
Crerapus aBpitus Templeton.
1836. Cerapus abditus Templeton, Tr. Entom. Soc. Lond. vol. 1,
p. 188, pl. 20, figs. 5 a-k (¢).
1885. Cyrtophium calamicola Giles, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol.
54, p. 54, pl. 1 (¢).
1888. Cerapus flindersi Stebbing, l.c. p. 163, pl. 125 (2 ).
1892. as 3 Chilton, Rec. Austr.- Mus. vol. 2, no. I,
p. 1, pL 1(d, 2).
1904. , calamicola Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 298.
1906. i + + flindersi + abditus Stebbing, Le. pp.
668, 669.
1910. » abditus id. 1c. p. 616, pl. 55a.
The above synonomy is taken from the last reference, where the
discussion on it will be found.
A single ? may be thus briefly described :
Body of uniform width, narrowing only at the junction of 3rd and
4:h pleon segments. Rostrum prominent, acute. Telson with 2
dorsal rows of upturned spinules. First antenna with a sharp pro-
jection on ventral surface, 3rd joint a good deal longer than 2nd,
flagellum 6-jointed. Second antenna with 5th joit longer than
4th but not as long as the 6-jointed flagellum. Gnathopods and
.peraeopods as figured for flindersi by Stebbing. Ramus of 3rd
uropod extremely minute.
Length: (Rostrum to telson) 6 mm.
. Colour : In spirit, white, eyes brown.
Locality: O'Neil Peak NW. 4 W., distant 9 miles (Zululand
coast). 90 fathoms. 19, nonovigerous and without tube. s.s.
«Pieter Faure.” 28/2/01. (S.A.M. No. A8855.)
Geogr. Distribution: Mauritius ? (Templeton); Bengal (Giles) ;
272 Annals of the South African Museum.
North Australia (Stebbing) ; Port Jackson (Chilton) ; Ceylon
(Walker); New South Wales, 41-52 fathoms (Stebbing).
Gen. COROPHIUM L[atr.
1806. Corophium Latreille, Gen. Crust. Ins. vol. 1, p. 58.
1818-14. Corophrium Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 4982.
1830. Corophia M. Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. 20, p. 384.
1851. Audowinia (nom. nud.) Costa in Hope. Cat. Crost. Ital. p. 24.
1888. Corophium Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1670.
1893. ¥ Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 362.
1894. ie G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 612.
1904. Stebbing, Spolia Zeyl. vol. 2, pt. 5, p. 20.
1906. ie id. Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 685, 740.
1908. “3 Bradley, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool. vol. 4, no. 4,
p. 229. (Key to the species.)
1908. - Chevreux, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 38, p. 70.
1911. a Vanhoeffen, SB. Gesell. Naturf. Berl. 1911,
p- 400.
TOE: . Wundsch. Zool. Anz. vol. 39, p. 732.
This genus has a wide distribution, but hitherto has not been
recorded from South Africa.
CoROPHIUM ACHERUSICUM Costa.
1851. Audouinia acherusica Costa in Hope. Cat. Crost. Ital. (nom.
nud.).
1857. Corophium acherusicum id. Mem. Acc. Ital. vol. 1, p. 282.
1866. _ ie Heller, Denkschr. K.Ak. Wiss. Wien.
vol. 26, p. 51, pl. 4, fig. 14.
1893. - re Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20,
p. 364, pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 8, figs. 17,
18, 20-41.
1900. Es a Chevreux, Rés. Sci. Monaco, vol. 16,
p- LO9:
1906. zy > Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 692,
740.
Anterior margin of head produced into a small triangular rostrum,
scarcely extending beyond the level of the antero-lateral angles,
which are subacute. Side-plate 1 apically acute, with 3 setae. Pleon
segments 4-6 fused.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 273
Telson subtriangular, apex slightly hollowed between 2 minute
projections.
First antenna in both sexes, Ist joint with 2 recurved spines at
base on inner surface, and 1 on apex, 2nd and 38rd more slender,
flagellum equal to 2nd plus 8rd peduncular joints, 6-jointed.
Second antenna ¢ stout but not greatly enlarged or flattened,
about as long as the peraeon plus head, 4th joint twice as long as
broad or less, oval, inferior apex with 1 strong tooth and a smaller
one above it, 5th scarcely as long as 4th and about half as wide,
within small specimens up to 2°5 mm. a well-marked tooth on lower
margin about 4 from base or sometimes nearly in the middle, in
other and larger specimens without a tooth and much more sparsely
setose, flagellum 3-jointed, not as long as 5th peduncular joint ;
in 2 about equal to head plus the first 4 peraeon segments, 3rd
joint with 2 (or 3) recurved spines on inner margin, 4th half as long
again as broad, with three spines on inner lower margin, 5th shorterthan
4th with 1 (or 2) spines, flagellum shorter than 5th joint, 3-jointed.
First and 2nd gnathopods as figured by Della Valle for C.
acherusicum.
The other peraeopods also similar to those of C. acherusicum,
but 4th joint of peraeopods 1 and 2 not so broad as in Della Valle’s
figure; 5th joint of peraeopods 3 and 4 with an apically transverse
row of 5 spines and a subapical one of 3 spines.
First and second uropods as figured for C. acherusicum, but Ist
not so spinulose; third uropod with peduncle broader than long,
ramus oval, equal in length to the breadth of the peduncle.
Length: S$ upto4mm.; 2? 3 mm.
Colour: Whitish with brown or blackish mottlings forming trans-
verse bands on peraeon segments 1-6 and pleon segments 1—3, these
bands usually interrupted dorso-medially, peraeon segment 7 without
markings, head with a dark transverse band between the eyes,
which are black, antennae and ventral surface of peraeon also
speckled with darker.
Locality: Durban Bay. March and July, 1915. (H. W. Bell-
Marley.) @¢ and ovigerous 99. (S.A.M. Nos. A8377 and
A3843.)
To this species also I am inclined to ascribe a single 9 from Hout
Bay, Cape Peninsula (11/2/14. K.H.B. S.A.M. No. A2865) ; but
since the telson appears to be apically acute (cf. Chevreux’s figure of
C. acutum. 1908. l.c. p. 75.) I prefer to leave open the question of the
identity of this specimen until more material, consisting of both ¢ 3
and 2 2, comes to hand.
274 Annals of the South African Museum.
Geogr. Distribution: Mediterranean (Costa, Della Valle); Cadiz,
Azores, Senegal, 0-10 metres (Chevreux). Stebbing records it also
from Cuba and Hong Kong.
Famity PODOCERIDAE.
1849. Dulichidae Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 135, 140.
1857. Dyopedidae Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 150.
1888. Dulichiidae Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1182.
1906. Podoceridae id. Das Tierreich, 21, p- 694.
1910. - id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 464.
Gey. LAETMATOPHILUS Bruzelius.
1859. Laetmatophilus Bruzelius. Svenska. Ak. Handl. n.s. vol. 6,
pelo:
1906. EE Stebbing, le. p. 695.
LAETMATOPHILUS PURUS Stebbing.
1888. Laetmatophilus purus Stebbing Le. p. 1198, pl. 182.
1893. - tuberculatus (part) Della Valle, F. u. FI.
Neapel. vol. 20, p. 317.
1894. purus G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 680.
1906. is » stebbing, l.c. p. 696, figs. 120, 121.
1910. » pede chp e464:
The Challenger specimen was a male. The female has no row of
serrate spines leading to the palmar angle on 6th joint of the Ist
gnathopod, the 2nd gnathopod similar to that of L. twberculatus
Bruz. as figured by Sars (Le. pl. 226), the palm marked off from
hind margin, which is about } its length, by an acute process,
several very low rounded tubercles towards the hinge; in other
respects no sexual difference except that the body is broader in the
female.
Length: 6 mim.
Colour: In spirit, whitish, eyes reddish-brown.
Locality: Cape St. Francis NE., distant 29 miles. 75 fathoms.
1 2; North of Robben Island (Table Bay). @ 3 and ? 2 with
ova and embryos; Paternoster Point SE. ? E., distant 9 miles (off
Saldanha Bay). 80 fathoms. @¢@ and ovigerous 9? 2. ss.
“Pieter Faure.” 19/2/02, 28/10/97, and 17/3/02. (S.A.M. Nos.
A109, A110, and A111] respectively.)
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 275
LAETMATOPHILUS TRIDENS DN. Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 22.)
g. The single specimen is somewhat incomplete, but 1s well
enough preserved to show the essential characters.
Peraeon segment 1 with 2 transverse ridges and a depression
between them, segments 2-4 each with 1 very small medio-dorsal
tubercle.
First antenna as in DZ. purus. Second antenna lost.
First: gnathopod similar to that of L. purus, but 6th jomt without
the row of serrate spines leading to palmar angle, finger very thick,
outer margin very convex, 10 closely-set spine-teeth at distal end of
inner margin.
Second gnathopod, anterior margin of 2nd joint with 2 keels, one
acute and the other subacute apically, 6th joint of the same shape as
that of DL. purus, but palm concave in basal half, distal half bearing
3 teeth, the first acutely triangular, the second obtusely eylindrical,
the third largest, broad, denticulate, finger equal to palm, stout, nearly
even in width throughout, palm well furnished with plumose setae.
Third to fifth peraeopods, 2nd joint with hind margin spinose, not
keeled or produced.
Uropods and telson as in DL. purus.
Length: 5 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Seal Island SW. 3} 8., distant ? mile (False Bay).
ld fathoms. 1 2 Ssiss “Pieter Faure’ 12/11/02. ((G:A.M. (No.
A2779.)
This species is unique in having 3 teeth on the palm of the 2nd
enathopod, all the other species of the genus having only 2.
LAETMATOPHILUS DURBANENSIS DN. Sp.
Very similar to DL. purus. Peraeon transversely rugulose though
not very distinctly ; wider in ? than ¢, being nearly circular in the
former,
First gnathopod quite distinct from that of Z. purus in that the 6th
joint is not at all widened, is narrower than 5th joint and shows no
differentiation of hind margin and palm, the inferior margin bearing a
few feebly plumose setae; the finger is quite smooth, but bears a
short, stout spine on the inner apex at the base of the unguis. Similar
in both sexes.
Second gnathopod g, 2nd joint with 2 keels on anterior margin,
both apically acute, 4th apically subacute, 6th ovate but shorter and
276 Annals of the South African Musewm.
broader than in L. purus, palm at base not very angular, straight,
with a low denticulate process extending from hinge almost 4 along
the palm, and a pointed tooth, furnished with plumose setae, anterior
margin with 5 groups of spines, finger matching palm, nearly straight.
In 2 similar but smaller, 6th joint ovate, hind margin half length of
palm and distinctly separated by a very small process and a spine,
palm with a few simple setae only, finger matching palm, its inner
margin faintly crenulate.
In other respects resembling L. purus.
Length: 3 mm.
Colour: Pale yellowish grey, a faint medio-dorsal grey stripe, eyes
pale red.
Locality: Durban Bay. July, 1915. (H. W. Bell-Marley.) ¢¢
and ovigerous ? 9. (S.A.M. No. A3841.)
This species was received too late for figuring, but I hope to give a
figure of it on a future occasion.
GEN. PODOCERUS Leach.
1815/14. Podocerus Leach, Edinb. Eneyel. vol. 7, p. 433.
1852. Platophium Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 309.
1853. Podocerus id. U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, pt. 2, pp. 831, 837.
1885. Deawiocerella Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 10, p. 107.
1888. Podocerus Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1184.
1893. “A (part) Della Valle, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 20, p. 327.
1894. fs ,» G. QO. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 1, p. 629:
1899. re Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 237.
1904. Platophium Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.
Rep. 17, p. 295.
1906. Podocerus Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 700, 741.
1908. A Chevreux, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol. 20, p. 521.
1910. 7 Stebbing, Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 12, p. 622.
Popocerus cristatus (G. M. Thomson).
1879. Cyrtophium cristatum G. M. Thomson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 5; vol. 4,p; 331) ply losmigs:
U5).
1880. = dentatum Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4,
p. 342, pl. 22, fig. 5.
1881. ts cristatum G. M. Thomson, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. vol. 13,
p. 219; pls8, nie. 8.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 277
1885. Deviocerella dentata Haswell, l.c. p. 109, pl. 17, figs. 8-12.
1888. Platophium cristatum Stebbing, l.c. p. 500.
1893. * orientale (part) Della Valle, Le. p. 332.
1899. Podocerus cristatus Stebbing, l.c. p. 259.
1906. = . id. Le p. 706:
1910. ts bs id. Le spaGol:
The single specimen does not seem distinguishable from Thomson's
species, except in that the lobe on the palm of 2nd gnathopod near
hinge is divided into two, the finger is only half the length of palm,
and the fringe of setae along both sides of the palmar margin is so
thick that the teeth are almost invisible.
Eyes prominent, forming the antero-lateral angles of head.
Length: 7 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale pinkish.
Locality: Seal Island SW. 3 S., distant ¢ mile (False Bay).
11 fathoms. 1 ¢@. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 12/11/02. (S.A.M.
No. A2780.)
Geogr. Distribution: New Zealand (Thomson) ; New South Wales
(Haswell, Stebbing).
PopocERUS PALINURI 0. sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Fig. 23.)
Remarkably close to P. hystrix Stebbing, 1910. It will be enough |
to enumerate the distinguishing characters.
Head with a low rounded keel, without elevated process; eyes
prominent, forming the antero-lateral angles.
Dorsal process on anterior half of peraeon segment | short and
rounded, that on posterior half quite obsolete. Subdorsal processes
present on peraeon segments 5-7 only, and these very feeble. Lower
margins of sezments without processes, only slightly thickened, chiefly
on the posterior segments, rounded, overhanging the side-plates, all of
which have the lower margins straight or shghtly convex, not produced
downwards, the 1st produced forwards acutely.
First antenna, flagellum 7-jointed.
First gnathopod not alike in the two sexes, in ¢ palm oblique and
longer than hind margin, in 9 transverse and shorter than hind
margin.
Second gnathopod in ¢ similar to that of P. hystrix, but the finger
is less strongly bent near the base, and the large, flat tooth near the
hinge and small, conical one below it are more prominent; in 2 palm
278 Annals of the South African Museum.
bears only a small, conical tooth near hinge, and a smaller conical one
lower down as in ¢@, defining angle with 2 spines.
Telson, ventral plate with 2 submedian spines, dorsal conical process
bearing 3 large spines on each side of the median one.
Third uropod as in P. hystrix.
Length: 9 mm.
Colour: In spirit, pale yellowish, eves brownish.
Locality: Table Bay. ‘“ Off a large Palinurus” (=Jasus lalandit
(i Hdw.). June, 1897. 2 ¢¢31 9,1 juv- (Dr. W. BF: Purcell)
Seal Island SW. 3 5S., distant } mile (False Bay). 11 fathoms. 1 ¢;
Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distant 73 miles. 125 fathoms. 1 juv. 9;
off Knysna. 47 fathoms. ljuv. ¢. s.s.“ Pieter Faure.” 12/11/02,
21/12/99 and 11/10/00. (S.A.M. Nos. A112, A113, A881] and A3858.)
The above-mentioned characters are constant in the few specimens
which are available, and would seem enough to separate this form
from the closely allied New South Wales form P. hystria.
PoDOCERUS AFRICANUS J, Sp.
(Plate XXVIII. Figs. 24, 25.)
As the South African specimens agree very closely with Dana’s
brasiliensis, it will be needful to mention only the points of difference.
The ultimate peduncular joint of 2nd antenna is a little shorter
than the penultimate ; 5th joint of 1st gnathopod as long as or a trifle
longer than 6th joint in both sexes ; 4th joint of 2nd gnathopod in ¢
strongly and acutely produced ; 6th jomt as in P. variegatus Leach, 7. e.
with 2 strong palmar teeth near the finger hinge; Ist and 2nd peraeo-
pods with a lobe on anterior distal margin of 2nd joint; 3rd to 5th
peraeopods with 2nd joint expanded and widest at base, as wide as
long, distally narrowing ; telson with only 2 spines on dorsal conical
process (none on ventral plate).
Other characters as in brasiliensis : flagellum of both antennae 4-
jointed ; pleopods with 2 coupling spines.
Eyes about in the middle of the lateral margin. Antero-lateral
angle of Ist peraeon segment quadrate, not produced.
Length : 5-6 mm.
Colour : Uniform pale claret.
Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 1/3/15. (K.H.B.) 6324,
5 9 2 with ova and embryos, 4 juv. (S.A.M. No. A3820.)
This species combines the characters of the two species variegatus
and brasiliensis. These two are closely allied and may eventually be
united under Leach’s name. The present specimens, however, seem to me
to be quite distinct in the character of the 2nd joints of the peraeopods.
bo
~I
co
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.
Popocrerus synaprocHir (Walker).
1904. Platophium synaptochir Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl
Fish. Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 296, pl. 8,
fig. 52.
1906. Podocerus 4p Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 74.
1909. r a Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond, vol. 12,
pt. 4, p. 243.
These specimens agree exactly with Walker’s description and figures
except that the palm of the 2nd gnathopod in the male has two little
denticles near the finger-hinge. These are not mentioned by Walker,
but are easily overlooked owing to the denseness of the fringes of
plumose setae. The finger of the Ist gnathopod in both sexes is
serrate on the inner margin and the palm in the male is minutely
crenulate.
Posterior margins of peraeon and pleon segments sparsely setose,
in the ¢ the humps on the 7th peraeon and Ist-3rd pleon segments
each bear a little median tuft of setae. Antero-lateral angles of
peraeon segment 1, as well as those of tie side-plate, acutely produced
forwards.
Eyes on the anterolateral angles of the head.
Length: gS 6mm., 2 3 mm.
Colour: Light brown, speckled with darker, often a dark spot on
the 3rd and 4th side-plates and in the ¢ a medio-dorsal spot on
6th peraeon segment, 2 frequently with a pale oval dorsal patch
extending over 3rd—6th peraeon segments, a dark transverse band
between the eyes, which are bright red, sometimes the whole head dark.
Locality: Durban Bay. March and July, 1915. (H. W. Bell-
Marley.) ¢¢ and ovigerous 9??. (S.A.M. Nos. A3375 and
A5842.)
Geogr. Distribution: Ceylon (Walker) ; Zanzibar and Suez (Walker).
Tripge CYAMIDEA.
Famity CAPRELLIDAE.
1847. Caprellidae White, List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 91.
1910. < Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 464.
1912. Pe Mayer in Michaelsen, Fauna Stidwest Austral.
vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 1.
280 Annals of the South African Musewm.
Gren. CAPRELLA Lamarck.
1801. Caprella Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vertebr. p. 165.
1888 53 Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1251 (references).
1890. 5 Mayer, F. u. Fl. Neapel. vol. 17, p. 42.
1905. ‘5 id. Die Caprelliden d. Siboga Exp. vol. 34, pp. 14, 72.
# Stebbing, l.c. p. 465.
1910. i Kunkel, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sei. vol. 16, p. 106.
CAPRELLA DANILEVSKII Czern.
1868. Caprella danilevskii Czerniavski, Mater. ad Zoogr. Pont. p. 92,
; pl. 6, figs. 21-54.
1879. . inermis Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4, p. 348,
pl. 23, fig. 3f, g.
1882. - danilevskii Mayer, F. u. Fl. Neapel, vol. 6, p. 54.
1882. 55 inermis id. ibid. p. 71 text-figs. 26-29 (non Grube
1864).
1885. a Bs Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 9,
p- 1000.
1888. . danilevskii Stebbing, l.c. p. 1264, pl. 145.
1890. Ee = Mayer, l.c. vol. 17, p. 58, pl. 5, fig. 44, pl. 7,
figs. 12, 18, 54.
1890: (2) ,, helleri id. ibid. p. 58.
1903. i. danilevskii id. l.c. p. 99.
1910. a 2 Kunkel, l.c. p. 110.
The South African specimens do not differ from the published
descriptions and figures of Mayer and Stebbing except in two minor
points. The branchial lamellae are broader and more oval. The setae
on the second antenna of ¢ are shorter and much sparser.
Mayer in describing C. subinermis n. sp. from Japan (Lc. 1890,
p. 86) states, as one of the differences between the two species, that in
subinermis the ungues of peraeopods 5-7 are denticulate, whereas in
danilevskii they are smooth. Stebbing, however, represents them in
the Challenger specimen of danilevskii as “ minutely serrulate ” in
both descriptions and figure; and in the South African specimens
they are very distinctly and regularly denticulate.
Length: ¢ 15 mm., 2 8 mm.
Colour : Uniform green, brownish or reddish according to the colour
of the weed on which they are living.
Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/18. (K.H.B.) o¢,
ovigerous ? ? and young. (S.A.M. No. A2949).
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 281
Geogr. Distribution : Black Sea (Czerniavski) ; Mediterranean and
Bay of Biscay (Mayer); Port Jackson (Haswell); Bermuda (Stebb-
ing); Japan (Mayer); Rio de Janeiro (Mayer).
CAPRELLA EQUILIBRA Say.
1818. Caprella equilibra Say. Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad. vol. 1, p. 391.
1868. » megacephala M. Edwards, Arch. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat.
Paris, iv, p. 89; pl. 20; fig. 12.
1910. » equilibra Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 466.
The distribution of this species in South Africa is extended by the
discovery of specimens at the following localities :
Swakopmund, German 8.W. Africa, May, 1908 (J. Drury) ; Table
Bay, 26/2/14 (K.H.B.) ; Port Elizabeth, s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure”; Durban,
July, 1915 (H. W. Bell-Marley). (S.A.M. Nos. A2950, A2944,
A2946 and A5853 respectively.)
The Swakopmund specimens reach a length of 15 mm. in ¢, 9 mm.
in ovigerous 9. The hand of the 2nd gnathopod in ¢ resembles that
figured by Mayer (1903, Siboga caprellidae, pl. 7, fig. 67) belonging to
a specimen from Sydney; the finger likewise is strongly curved.
The Durban specimens measure 15 mm. in ¢. The finger of the
2nd gnathopod in ¢ is not strongly curved.
I have not yet seen any specimens from the other localities in South
Africa to equal the Durban or Swakopmund specimens in size.
Colour : The Durban specimens are pale whitish, with rather large
brownish-orange spots on the posterior half of 2nd and the whole
of 5rd—7th peraeon segments and the hand of the 2nd gnathopods,
anterior half of 2nd and whole of Ist peraeon segments finely speckled
with the same colour, eye brown, finger of 2nd gnathopod with two
rings of orange.
Geogr. Distribution: Europe; Mediterranean; Bosphorus: South
America; Sargasso Sea; Australia; Japan; Singapore; Madagascar.
CAPRELLA PENANTIS var. NATALENSIS Mayer.
1813. Caprella penantis Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vol. 7, p. 404.
1816. » acutifrons Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vol. 5,
p. 435.
1903. » i var. natalensis Mayer, Siboga Exp. vol. 34,
p. 81, pl. 3, figs. 22, 23.
1910. 55 penantis var. natalensis Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A.Crust.
p. 465.
19
282 Annals of the South African Musewm.
Mayer states that he had only a single g of this form, but gives
the number of joints in the flagellum of Ist antenna of female as 11
and figures a portion of a 2. Probably in mentioning the specimen
found at Cape Town Mayer intended writing “9” instead OL one
The present specimens are in agreement with his description.
Length: ¢ 10mm.; ? 6 mm.
Colour: Light brown with the anterior margins of the peraeon
segments and a band between the eyes darker, a few dark specks on
peraeon segments 2-5, antennae, peraeopods and branchial lamellae
' whitish, the hand of the 2nd gnathopods in ¢ with a basal and an apical
band of orange spots, eyes dark brown; the ? is somewhat greyer
in colour, 2nd gnathopods whitish, marsupial lamellae on 3rd segment
each with two red streaks.
Locality: Durban. July, 1915. 1 ¢, 1 ovigerous ¢. (GE We
Bell-Marley.) (S.A.M. No. A3854.)
Gren. CAPRELLINA Thomson.
1879. Caprellina Thomson, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 11, p. 247.
1905. % Mayer, Die Caprelliden d. Siboga Exp. vol. 34, pp.
14, 15, 30.
1910. 3 Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 470.
CAPRELLINA SPINIGER ND. sp.
(Pl. XXVIII. Fig. 35.)
Female.—Head plus Ist peraeon segment equal to 2nd peraeon
segment, unarmed; 2nd segment with a pair of dorsal spiniform
tubercles on the middle of the segment and another pair on posterior
margin, one spine above insertion of 2nd gnathopod; 3rd segment
with a large dorsal spiniform tubercle, apically bifid longitudinally
and directed forwards; 4th segment with a similar but smaller
tubercle; both segments with a blunt tubercle above the branchial
lamella; remaining segments smooth.
First antenna about 4 length of body, Ist joint oval, half as long
again as broad, 3rd joint longer than Ist, 2nd longer than 3rd,
flagellum equal to 3rd joint, 4-jointed, its Ist joint equal to the other
3 together.
Second antenna reaching to end of 2nd joint of Ist antenna, ulti-
mate peduncular joint a little longer than penultimate, flagellum
3-jointed.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 283
Mandibles normal, palp 3-jointed, 3rd joint a little longer than Ist,
2nd a little longer than 3rd.
First maxilla, outer plate with 6 spines, 2nd joint of palp oval, much
longer than Ist setose.
Maxilliped, inner plate with 2 apical spine-sete, outer plate narrower
than inner.
First and second gnathopods as in C. longicollis (Nicolet).
Branchial lamella on segments 2-4, oblong. First and second
peraeopods absent.
Third peraeopod with 3 distinct joints, the basal joint without a
suture in the middle and without the process found in the Cape
specimens of C. longicollis.
Fourth and fifth peraeopods as in C. longicollis, with 4 proximal
spines on 6th joint.
Pleon with 2 pairs of slender, apically acute, 1-jointed appendages,
which are minutely and regularly spinulose on their upper margins.
Length: 8 mm.
Colour: Whitish, the anterior portions with minute purple specks,
a purplish band at base of 6th joint of 5th peraeopod, eyes purplish-
brown.
Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 1/3/15. (K.H.B). 1 @.
(S.A.M. No. A8296.)
This constitutes the second species in this genus. It is unfortunate
that the male has not been discovered.
Gren. PHTISICA Slabber.
1769. Phtisica Slabber, Natuurk. Verlust. pt. 10, p. 77.
1814. Proto Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 433.
1910. Phtisica Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 468.
PHTISICA MARINA Slabber.
1769. Phtisica marina Slabber, Lc. p. 77, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.
1776. Squilla ventricosa O. F. Miller, Zool. Dan. Prody. no. 2360,
p. 060.
1903. Proto 5 Mayer, Siboga Exp. vol. 34, p. 20, pl. 6,
fig. 23.
1910. Phtisica marina Stebbing, l.c. p. 468.
Further localities in South Africa for this species are as follows:
Paternoster Point SE. $ S., distant 9 miles (off Saldanha Bay).
198
284 Annals of the South African Museum.
80 fathoms. 2 ¢ 4,3 ? 2 ; Robben Island, Table Bay. ljuv. g;
Umkomaas River mouth NW. by W. 3 W., distant 5 miles (Natal).
40 fathoms. 4 ¢¢ ; Walker Point NE. by N. $ N., distant 7 miles
(off Knysna). 47 fathoms. 1 9 ; s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 17/3/02,
28/10/97, 31/12/00, and 11/10/00 respectively. Sea Point, Cape Town.
96/2/14. 2 8 (K.H.B.) (S.A.M. Nos. A87-A89, A3860, and
A2951.)
Gen. ORTHOPROTELLA Mayer.
1903. Orthoprotella Mayer, Siboga Exp. vol. 34, p. 35.
ORTHOPROTELLA MAYERI DN. Sp.
1903. Orthoprotella spec. Mayer, le. p. ‘36, pl. 1, figs. 25, 26, pl. 6,
figs. 45, 44, 46, pl. 9, fig. 15.
These specimens agree with the form described and figured by
Mayer, but the largest is more than twice as large as any this author
saw. Mayer regarded it as a variety of O. australis (Haswell), but
with a certain hesitation. Seeimg that a very good and apparently
constant distinguishing feature is to be found in the 2nd gnathopod
of the ¢, and that it inhabits regions as widely separated as Sydney,
Singapore and South Africa, it seems to merit specific rank.
One of the specimens (that from Glendower Beacon) has a single
median spine on the 2nd peraeon segment above the 2nd gnathopods,
but the rest of the specimens are devoid of dorsal spines or tubercles.
All have a lateral spine on the 2nd and 8rd segments. Segments 6 and
7 not fused.
First antenna with flagellum of 20-30 joints; basal joint of 2nd
antenna distinctly, and rather slenderly, produced.
Second gnathopod as figured by Mayer, but the tubercle on the
anterior margin of hand more prominent and the apical angle more
produced and acute ; in the largest specimen the shape ot the hand is
more oblong, the inferior margin is distinctly concave and subparallel
with the anterior margin; the venom-tooth is quite proximal, and there
is a little notch between it and the inferior margin; inferior margin
sparingly setose ; the two teeth near the hinge would be better described
as follows: a single triangular tooth with a narrow parallel-sided slit
cut in the apex and extending nearly to the basal line ; finger moderately
slender and curved, reaching to the venom-tooth, its inner margin finely
and regularly crenulate.
Peraeopods 1 and 2 half the length of the branchial lamellae
1-jointed, narrow, apically setose.
Lo
io @)
or
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.
Peraeopods 3-5 lost in all specimens.
Pleon with 1 pair of 2-jointed appendages.
Length: Up to 19 mm.
Colour : In spirit, dirty pinkish, eyes brown.
Locality : Glendower Beacon N. $ W., distant 16 miles (near Port
Alfred). 66 fathoms. 1 ¢ ; Walker Point NE. by N. i W., distant
7 miles (near Knysna). 47 fathoms. 5 ¢ (incl. the largest
specimen). s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 10/9/01 and 11/10/00. (S.A.M.
Nos. A90 and A3859.)
Geogr. Distribution: Sydney and Singapore (Mayer).
I hope to give a figure of the hand of the adult ¢ on a future
occasion, as the specimens came to light only after the plates had been
executed.
Trine PHRONIMIDEA.
Famity -HYPERIIDAE.
1852. Hyperidae Dana, Amer. J. Sci. and Arts, ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 314.
1904. Hyperiidae Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. Zool. vol. 10,
pt. 2, p. 35 (references).
1910. Af id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 475.
Gen. HYPERIA Latreille.
1823. Hyperia Latreille in Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 28, p. 347.
1889. . Bovallius, K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand]. vol. 22, no. 7, p. 129
(references).
HIOL. » Vosseler, Ergebn. Plankton Exp. Amphip. pt. 1, p. 56
HYPERIA GAUDICHAUDII M. Edw.
1840. Hyperva gaudichaudii M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 77.
1849 4 Nicolet in Gay’s Hist. fis. y pol. de Chile.
Zool. vol. 3.
1862. Lestrigonus ,, Bate, Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus.
p- 289, pl. 48, fig. 3.
1887. Hyperia Be Bovallius, Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl.
vol. 11, no. 16, p. 16.
1888. 5 ry, Stebbing, Challenger Rep. vo!. 29, p. 1394,
pls 169:
1889. Me ¥ Bovallius, K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handk. vol, 22,
no. 7, p. 175, pl. 10, figs. 1€-24.
286 . Annals of the South African Musewm.
1907. Hyperia gaudichaudii Walker, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 3, p. 7.
1912. - - Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2,
p. 518.
1914. = . Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1914,
pt. 2, p. 374.
The Cape specimens agree in all respects with the descriptions and
figures of Stebbing and Bovallius.
Length: g@ 14mm., 2? 15 mm.; breadth: g 25 mm., 2? 5mm.;
antennae of ¢ ca. 8 mm.
Colour: When alive transparent pinky-red, with greenish eyes, in
spirit reddish.
Locality ; In large Rhizostomid jelly-fishes washed up on the shores
of the West coast of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay (Muizenberg,
False Bay. January, 1912. (K.H.B.) ¢@ 6, 2 9 and juv.). Angra
Pequenas, G.S.W.A. (Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist.) 4 9 9. (S.A.M. Nos.
A258 and A2867.)
Geogr. Distribution: Chile (M. Edw. and Nicolet); Patagonia,
53° 37'S. 70° 56’ W. 10-15 fathoms (Stebbing) ; McMurdo Sound,
5-10 fathoms (Walker) ; Falkland Islands, 46° 3’ 8. 56° 30’ W. and
37° Al’ N. 29° 25' W. (Chilton) ; Falkland Islands (Stebbing).
Famity CYSTISOMATIDAE.
1875. Cystosomatidae v. Willemoes-Suhm. Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2,
vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 24.
1886. Thaumatopsidae Bovallius, Bih. K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Hand.
voli no. ope.
1888. Cystisomatidae Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1517.
1902. Thawmatopsidae Woltereck, Zool. Anz. vol. 26, p. 447.
Gren. CYSTISOMA Guérin-Ménev.
1842. Cystisoma Guérin- Meéneville, Rev. Zool. July, 1842, p. 214.
1875. Thaumops v. Willemoes-Suhm. Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. 21, p. 206.
1888. Cystisoma Stebbing, l.c. p. 1318 (references).
1889. Thawmatops Bovallius, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. vol. 22, no. 7,
p- 40.
1906. os Tattersall, Fish. Irel. Sci. Invest. 1905, 4, p. 17.
1910. . Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 474.
The genus is widely distributed throughout the world. Stebbing
included C. spinosum (Fabr.) in the General Catalogue of S.A. Crustacea
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 287
on the record of a specimen caught in 33° 23’ 8. 7° 40' E. Whether
this be counted within the South African region, it is interesting to
record a specimen from a locality quite near the South African coast,
and moreover exhibiting features definite enough to characterise a new
species.
CYSTISOMA AFRICANUM N. Sp.
Head 30 mm. in length and about the same in breadth, depth
indeterminable. Eyes contiguous, but diverging in the posterior
quarter. Lower lateral margins with 18 teeth, on the under surface
of head near the mouth-parts 6 teeth, of which the Ist (anterior)
is the largest and stands somewhat in advance of the rest.
Pearaeon segments 1 and 2 apparently coalesced, the dorsal keel
not markedly different from that of C. spinoswm, but the denticulation
on the lateral portions of the posterior margins very inconspicuous.
Ventral surface very much as described by Stebbing for C. spinosum
(1888, l.c. p. 1328), the “ genital papilla,” however, not so elongate as
figured by him (plate 154). The rudimentary branchiae present and
very similar in shape.
Both of the Ist antennae are broken, but apparently they would
not exceed half the length of the head, there is a slight bend near the
base, and the basal portion is stouter, but no suture is visible ; present
length 8 mm.
Epistome and upper lip similar to that of C. spinosum, but upper
lip not or scarcely at all asymmetrically cleft.
Lower lip as in C. spinoswm, but lobes more oblong, the apices
roundly subtruncate.
Mandibles very similar to those figured for C. spinosum, but trunk
with 3 strong teeth on anterior margin, cutting-edge with 10 teeth,
secondary cutting-edge with 15 teeth.
First maxilla as figured for C. spinosum.
Second maxilla broad at base, a semicircular projection on imner
margin with 4 small spinules, beyond this the inner margin narrows
rapidly and runs nearly straight to apex, which bears fine acute teeth
and small spinules on inner side.
Maxilliped, inner plate with long keel on inner surface, ending some
distance before apex, the inner concave distal margin with 2 spinules
on either side of middle, outer margin similarly armed, the spinules
very small, outer plates with 14 teeth on right and 10 on left (excluding
the apical one), all the teeth more or less of the same size, except the
basal ones which are smaller.
288 Annals of the South African Museum.
First gnathopod measuring 9 mm., Ist joint equal to the other 4
together, anterior margin with 6 spines, postero-apical angle of Ist and
2nd joints ending in a spine, 4th and 5th joints as figured by Stebbing
for C. spinoswm.
Second gnathopod measuring 15 mm., Ist joint a little longer than
the other 4 together, anterior margin with 6 spines, 4th and 5th
joints as figured by Stebbing, but the marginal spines rather more
numerous.
First peraeopod measuring 35 mm., Ist jomt 16 mm., 10 spines on
hind margin, the basal ones inconspicuous, none on the thickened
anterior edge, 2nd with 2 teeth on posterior margin, 4th joint a little
longer than 3rd, both with 10 spines on hind margin, the posterior ones
on the 4th joint inconspicuous, anterior margin setose, the apical tuft
the most conspicuous, 5th joint equal to 4th, almost without setae,
6th joint slightly curved, 1 inm. in length.
Second peraeopod incomplete, Ist joint 20 mm, long, ca. 12 spines
(the basal ones inconspicuous) on posterior margin, none on thickened
anterior edge, 2nd joint with 53 spines on posterior margin, 3rd joint
9 mm. long, with 14. spines on hind margin, 4th joint 11 mm. long, with
ca. 20 spines on hind margin, a small one alternating with a larger on
drd and 4th joints, 5th and 6th joints lost.
Third peraeopod ca. 82 mm. in length, Ist joint 25 mm. long,
greatest width 5 mm., anterior apex strongly produced as a triangular
projection as long as 2nd joint, anterior and posterior margins with
small spines, 3rd joint 14 mm. in length, 4 mm. in width, 4th joint
20 mm. in length and 3 mm. in width, 5th joint 20 mm. in length,
6th joint straight, 1 mm. long.
Fourth peraeopod ca. 68 mm in length, Ist joint 19 mm. long and
3 mm. wide, anterior and posterior margins with inconspicuous spines,
3rd joint 11 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, 4th joint 16 mm. long and
5 mm. wide, anterior margin of 5rd and 4th spinose, 5th jomt 19 mm.
long, 6th joint straight.
Fifth peraeopod 36 mm. in length, Ist jomt 1] mm. long and 2 mm.
wide, 3rd joint 6 mm. long, 4th jot 7 mm. long, anterior margin of
Ist, 5rd and 4th spinose, 5th joint 10 mm. long, widening from
15 mm. at base to 2°5 at the point where palm meets inner margin,
the former straight, the latter slightly concave, meeting at about an
angle of 120°, almost completely filled with glands, 6th joint strongly
curved, almost meeting middle of palm, finely setose.
Branchial lamellae at bases of 2nd, 5rd and 4th peraeopods, obovate,
subequal in size.
Pleopods without special features.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 289
First uropods measuring 20 mm. froin base to apex of imner ramus
which is fused with peduncle, width of peduncle 5 mm., both margins
spinulose, length of inner ramus 5 mm., width at base 4 min.
Second uropods measuring 15 mm., width 4 mm., inner ramus
4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, outer ramus 5 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide.
Locality : Buffalo River (East London) NW. by N., distant 21 miles.
490 fathoms. ss.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 22/4/01. (S.A.M. No. A239.)
The particular features of this species are to be found in the head,
the mandibles, third and fourth peraepods, and the uropods.
It is probable that when more material of all the species has been
collected, an exhaustive comparison will lead to alterations in the
diagnoses of the species. The other species of the genus are C. spino-
sum (Fabr.) 1775, C. longipes (Bov.) 1886, and C. loveni (Bov.) 1886.
Stebbing in 1888 instituted provisionally C. parkinsoni and C. fabricit.
Bovallius (1589, l.c. p. 45) calls attention to the close agreement in
the measurements of the Challenger specimen F (C. parkinsoni) and
C. longipes ; the length of the antennae is distinctive, for in all other
species they are shorter than the head. The locality of Bovallius’
specimen (West coast of Australia) is not far removed from that of
Stebbings’ specimen (North of Amboina). I feel inclined therefore to
reckon Stebbings’ specimen F (parkinsoni) as a C. longipes.
The Challenger specimen G might possibly be a C. loveni, but a
comparison is difficult. In the key given by Bovallius (Le. p. 58) the
measurements are in fair agreement, but it must be noted that
Bovallius gives the length of the antennae of specimen G as *‘ 11 mm.”
instead of 20 mm. (Stebbing: =, inch). Leaving specimen G ( fabriciv)
out of account, the species may be distinguished as follows :
Antennae longer than head, 14-18
teeth on lower margin . . C. lon-
Peduncle of uropods not on gipes (Bov.).
the length of rami. . .) Antennae shorter than head, 13 teeth
on lower margin . . C. spinoswm
(Fabr.).
A row of 6 spines on either side of
Peduncle at least twice aa mouth-parts . C. africanwm n. sp.
length of rami . . . . .|Only 2 spines on either side of mouth-
Panisy eo os C.slovent’ (BOv,):
Unfortunately I have been unable to consult Woltereck’s paper on
the “ Valdivia” material (1902, Zool. Anz. xxvi. p. 447).
290 Annals of the South African Museum.
Famiry LANCEOLIDAEH.
1887. Lanceolidae Bovallius, Bih. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. vol. 11, no. 16,
p- 0.
1888. cs Stebbing, Challeng. Rep. vol. 29, p. 1301.
1904. i. id. Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 28.
1905. ce Woltereck, Zool. Anz. vol. 29, p. 413.
1909. Es id. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. vol. 52, no. 9,.
p. 156.
1907. Be id. ibid. vol. 31, p. 129.
Gen. SCYPHOLANCEOLA Woltereck.
1905. Seypholanceola Woltereck, l.c. p. 415.
1909. is id: L-epalole
ScYPHOLANCEOLA VANHOEFFENI Woltereck.
1909. Scypholanceola vanhoeffeni Woltereck, l.c. p. 167, pl. 7, figs. 24a
(3), 246 (2 ).
Body dorsally rounded, not keeled. Rostrum triangular, base
broader than length, not as long as rest of head, the “ ocular cups”
and “ eye band”’ as figured by Woltereck. Ist and 4th peraeon seg-
- ments subequal and shorter than 2nd and 3rd, which are also subequal.
Side-plates 1-5 anteriorly narrowing to a point, scarcely reaching the
posterior margins of their segments, 6 and 7 not reaching the anterior
margins of their segments, posterior portion somewhat produced,
subacute. Pleura neither spinose nor setose, rounded below.
Telson not quite reaching to % length of peduncle of 3rd uropod,
twice as long as its basal width.
First antenna as in Lanceola aestiva Stebbing 1888, but not serrate,
reaching to end cf 4th (penultimate) joint of 2nd antenna.
Second antenna, 2nd joint with prominent gland-cone as long as the
joint, 3rd thrice 2nd, 4th twice 3rd, 5th lost on both sides.
Epistome as broad as long, upper lip broader than long, with very
deep and fairly wide cleft, the lobes apically rounded.
Lower lip as in Lanceola.
Mandibles, anterior margin of trunk with a strong triangular pro-
jection or tooth, as figured for L. aestiva, 1st joint of palp a trifle
broader than long, 2nd equal to length of trunk, 3rd 3 length of 2nd,
both joints setose, much the same as in L. aestiva.
First maxilla as figured for L. pacifica Stebbing, but inner margin
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 291
of inner plate scarcely concave, outer plate very much broader, ovate,
broadest before the middle, thence tapering to a rounded apex with
3-4 spinules, 6-7 spinules on inner distal margin and many smaller
ones on outer margin.
Second maxilla, apices of lobes strongly setose with 9 strong spines
on outer plate and 11 on inner, arranged irregularly.
Maxilliped as figured for DL. aestiva, but the apices of the lobes of
inner plate blunter.
First and second gnathopods as in L. aestiva.
First and second peraeopods 18 mm, long, 2nd joint longest, 5 mm.,
Ath and 5th each 4 mm., 6th 4°5 mm.
Third peraeopod 20 mm. long, 2nd joint 7mm., 4th 5°5 mm., 5th
4 mm., 6th 3°5 mm.
Fourth peraeopod, 22°5 mm. long, 2nd joint 6°5 mm., 4th 5 mm.,
5th 4 mm., 6th 7 mm.
Fifth peraeopod, 11 mm. long, 2nd joint 4 mm., 4th and 5th each
2 mm., 6th 3 mm.
The first gnathopod very feebly spinulose, the 2nd and all the
peraeopods neither spinulose nor setose.
Branchial lamella of 2nd gnathopod and 1st peraeopod very small,
1 mm. long; that of remaining peraeopods 4—5 mm. long, oval, non-
setose.
Uropods all extending as far as one another, the peduncle Ist, 2nd
and 8rd being respectively 5, 4 and 3 mm. long, the rami of all about
the same length, narrow-lanceolate, inner ramus of 3rd the broadest.
Length: Ca. 27 mm. (from end of rostrum to end of telson).
Colour: In spirit, transparent white, the internal lining of the
peraeon purplish-brown.
Locality: Cape Point NE. by E., distant 36 miles. 650 fathoms.
1 g. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 15/7/03. By tow-net on beam of trawl.
(S.A.M. No. A2733.)
Geogr. Distribution: Antarctic Ocean. 10/3/03. “ Gauss” Expedi-
tion ; Indian Ocean, Sta. 239 (=4°-6° S., 48°-41° E.). “ Valdivia ”
Expedition.
Famiry PHROSINIDAE.
1888. Phrosinidae Stebbing, Challenger Rep. vol. 29, p. 1423 (refer-
ences ).
AO 7 id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 476.
292 Annals of the South African Musewin.
GEN. PHROSINA Risso.
1822. Phrosina Risso, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. vol. 94, p. 244.
1889. es Bovallius, K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. vol. 22, no. 7,
p. 421.
PHROSINA SEMILUNATA Risso.
1822. Phrosina semilunata Risso, l.c. p. 245.
1888, +5 s Stebbing, l.c. p. 1425, pl. 176 (references
and synonymy).
1889. a ie Bovallius, lc. p. 426, pl. 18, figs. 3-80
(references and synonymy).
1900. ‘s a Chevreux, Res. Camp Sci. Monaco, fase. 16,
p. 147.
1901. i 3 Vosseler, Ergebn. Plankton Exp. Amphip.
pt. 1, p. 89, pl. 8, figs. 18-20.
1904. ie 4. Walker in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.
Suppl. Rep. 17, p. 230.
1909. i ie Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 15,
pt. 1; ps2.
1910. 5 ‘i Stebbing, Le. p. 477.
or: 7 $ Pearse, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 48
[1913], p. 378.
OND: Re = Stewart, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. 12, p. 257.
The single specimen taken by the s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure” represents
the form P. nicetensis as figured by Bate (1862, Cat. Amphip. Crust.
Brit. Mus. p. 320, pl. 51, fig. 6), with one or two minor differences.
Third and fourth pleon segments with median tooth on posterior
margin.
Pleura of Ist to 3rd segments with the postero-inferior angles
acute.
First antenna, Ist joint as broad as long, 2nd joint 3 times length
of Ist.
First peraeopod, 4th joint 14 times as long as broad, inferior
margin equal to palm, with strong spine at their junction, palm with
5 denticles, 5th and 6th joints together longer than palm.
Second peraeopod, 4th joint ovate, a long stout spine springing
almost from base, the inferior (posterior) margin being very short,
palm very oblique, with 6 denticles, the 2 nearest the hinge of
finger smaller than the others, 5th and 6th joints together only a little
longer than palm.
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 293
Third peraeopod, 1st joint not more than 1} times as long as broad,
Ath joint ovate, with 6 sharp teeth on anterior margin, the 2nd and
6th teeth smaller than the others.
Fourth peraeopod spiniform posterior apex of 3rd joint not
extending quite half way along posterior margin of 4th, 4th joint
with 4 teeth on palm, the 2nd and 4th teeth smaller than the other
two.
Fifth peraeopod intermediate between that figured for P. nicetensis
by Bate and that for P. semilunata by Stebbing (1888, l.c. pl. 176),
posterior margin very convex basally, then narrowing rapidly to the
truncate and slightly emarginate apex, anterior margin nearly
straight.
Length: 18 mm. (to end of uropods), 3rd peraeopod 16 mm.
Colour : In spirit colourless, transparent, the muscles and omma-
tidia of the eyes brownish.
Locality: Buffalo River NW. by N., distant 21 miles (off East
London). 490 fathoms. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 22/4/01. 1 9 with ova.
(S.A.M. No. A104.)
Geogr. Distribution: Mediterranean (Risso and M. Edwards) ;
Cape of Good Hope (Paris Museum); North and South Atlantic,
0-ca. 800 fathoms (Challenger and Plankton Exp.); Indian and
Pacific Oceans (Bovallius) ; Indian Ocean, between Socotra and Ceylon
(Walker) ; Azores (Chevreux) ; Gulf of Mexico (Pearse) ; near Cape
of Good Hope (Stewart); Chagos Archipelago, 0-1200 fathoms
(Walker).
Famitry PRONOIDAE.
1879. Pronoidae Claus, Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien. vol. 2, pp. 149, 168.
1910. 5s Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 479.
Gren. PARAPRONOE Claus.
1879. Parapronoé Claus, Die Gatt. u. Art. d. Platysceliden, pp. 25, 29.
1886. o Gerstaecker in Bronn’s Klass. u. Ordn. vol. 5, pt. 2,
p- 485.
1887. - Bovallius, Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. vol. 11,
no. 16, p. 42.
1887. * Claus, Die Platysceliden, pp. 48, 53.
1888. a Stebbing, Challenger Rep. vol. 29, p. 1521.
294. Annals of the South African Museum.
PaRAPRONOE CLAUSI Stebbing.
1888. Parapronoé clausi Stebbing, l.c. p. 1526, pl. 190.
A few small differences are observable between the Australian and
South African specimens :
First gnathopod, 5th joint not longer than 4th, more as in P. crustu-
lum Claus (see figure by Stebbing, Le. pl. 193).
Second gnathopod, the inner margin of the process of 4th joint even
more convex than in Stebbing’s figure and more strongly dentate, the
inner margin of the 5th joint on the contrary less convex.
Telson in the female comparatively broader, about 1+ times as long
as basal breadth, apex reaching the apex of the inner ramus of 3rd
uropod. In the smaller (? ¢) specimen the telson like the typical
form.
The mouth parts were not examined since they seemed firmly
united into a solid mass, perhaps due in some manner to the method
of conservation.
Length: 9 25 mm., (?) ¢ 17 mm., embryos from brood-pouch
1 mm.
Colour: In spirit, yellowish-brown, without spots of any colour.
Locality ; East London NW.2N., distant 20 miles. 400 fathoms.
sis. “Pieter Faure.” 17/4/01. 1 9 and 1 @) ¢@. (“G:AM No:
A108.)
Geogr. Distribution: South of Australia, 39° 45/8., 140° 40' E.
(Stebbing) ; South Pacific (Stebbing). Surface.
A
abditus (Cerapus)
acanthiger (Lemboides)
Acanthonotosomea .
Acanthozone :
acherusicum (Cor ophinm ‘Ee
Acontiostoma
acutifrons (Caprella) .
afer (Eurystheus)
affinis (Ichnopus)
africanum (Cystisoma)
africanus (Podocerus)
Allorchestes
Amaryllis
Ampelisca :
AMPELISCIDAE
AMPHILOCHIDAE
Amphithoe
Ampithoe .
AMPITHOIDAE. ;
ancheidos (T'alorchestia)
Andania
anguipes (Ischyr ocerus)
anisochir (Melita)
anomala (Rhachotropis)
antarctica (Leucothoe)
antarctica (Polycheria)
Aora. ‘ :
AORIDAE
Araneops .
ARGISSIDAE
Aristias :
carticulosus (Leucothoe)
assimilis (Ampelisca) .
assimilis (Paramoera) .
atolli (Polycheria)
attingens (Stegocephaloides)
ATYLIDAE
ATYLIDAE
Atyloides
Atylopsis
Atylus .
Audouinia
auricularius (Gammarus) .
australis (Grubia)
australis (Jassa) .
australis (Melita)
australis (Peltocoxa) .
australis (Stegocephaloides)
australis (Talorchestia)
aviculae (Chevalia)
226, Z 3 ), 234
191,
PAGE
200
239
170
178
272
109
281
249
123
mall
278
114
INDE
B
Bathymedon :
biscayensis (Euony x)..
boecki (Parandania)
boeckii (Elasmopus)
bottae (Orchestia)
brasiliensis (Elasmopus)
brevicornis (Ampelisca)
brevicornis (Polycheria)
brevidigitata (Leucothoe) .
brevipes (Ampithoe)
Bruzelia :
Bruzeliella
bruzelit (Elasmopus) .
Byblis . :
C
caesaris (Eusiroides) .
calamicola (Cerapus)
calceolatus (Ichnopus)
capense (Stomacontion)
capensis (Chiltonia)
capensis (Eriopisa)
capensis (Gammarus)
capensis (Paramoera)
capensis (Talorchestia)
capensis So uebene)
Caprella :
CAPRELLIDAE.
Caprellina :
carinata (Cleonar dopsis)
carinatus (Ischyrocerus)
Cerapus : :
Cheiriphotis
chelata (Par avalettia)
Chevalia
chevreuxi (Hy ale)
Chiltonia
cinderella (Oedicer oides)
clausi (Parapronoe)
Cleonardopsis (Eusiridae) .
coalita (Guernea)
| commensalis (Leucothoe)
cornigera (Epimeria)
| COROPHIIDAE.
Corophium .
3 | cotesi (Melita)
crassicornis (Gammarus)
Cratophium .
296 Annals of the South African Museum.
crenatipalma (Lemboides) .
crenulata (Socarnopsis)
crenulata (Stenothoe) .
cristatus (Podocerus) .
cubensis (Lysianassa )
CYAMIDEA
Cyphoearis .
Cyrtophium .
Cystisoma .
CYSTISOMATIDAE .
D
danilevskii (Caprella) .
dassenensis (Parorchestia) .
dentatum (Podocerus) .
DEXAMINIDAE
Dexiocerella .
diadema (Ampelisca) .
diastoma (Hyale)
diemenensis (Leucothoe)
diodon (Bruzelia)
dolichoceras (Leucothoe)
dolichommata (Photis)
dolichopous (Stenothoe)
DULICHIDAE
durbanensis (Cheiriphotis)
durbanensis (Laetmatophilus)
DYOPEDIDAE
E
eastwoodae (Talitriator)
Egidia . f : :
Eiscladus
Elasmopus
elegans (Rhachotropis)
Epimeria . :
EPIMERIDAE
equilibra Ost
Eriopisa
Eri LOpsis : .
erythraea (Ampithoe) c
Euonyx ; j F
Eurystheus .
EUSIRIDAE
Eusiroides .
eailii (Melita)
F
falcata (Jassa) ;
falklandi (Ampithoe) .
faurei (Cyphocaris)
Jimbriata (Hyale)
fischerii (Orchestia)
flindersi (Cerapus )
fresnelii (Melita)
240
PAGE |
124 |
154
276 |
120 |
| GAMMARIDAE.
279
116
271 |
256
286
G
gaimardii (Ampelisca)
gaimardil (Byblis)
gallensis (Stenothoe) .
Gammarellus
GAMMARIDEA .
Gammaropsis
Gammarus
| gaudichaudii (Hy peria ria)
georgianus (Hyale)
Gitanopsis
gracilis (Leucothoe)
grandicornis (Hyale)
grandimana (Leucothoe)
granulosa ( Nototropis)
grimaldii (Rhachotropis)
, | Grubia
Guerinia
| Guernea
H
Halicreion
Halimedon
hamigera (Maera)
HAUSTORIIDAE
helleri (Caprella)
Helleria ¢
Hippomedon
hirondellei (Maera)
hirtipalma (Hy a)
Hyale .
Hyalella
hypacanthus ( Lembos )
Hy; peria ; :
HY PERIIDAE
Ichnopus
imminens (Hur ystheus)
inaequipes (Maera)
inaequistyls (Melita)
inca (Hyale) :
inermis (Caprella)
ingens (Jassa)
insignis (‘Triodos)
integrimana (Maera) .
intermedia (Ampithoe)
inyacka (Hyale) .
Iphimedia
irrostrata (Urothoe)
Isaeopsis (Jassidae)
ISCHYROCERIDAE .
Ischyrocerus
PAGE
133,
162,
139
139
154
148, 170, 226
186
106
249
202
285
234
144,
150
230
150
173
178
257
106
213
165
163
196
142
280
2138
125
194.
234:
229
224
237
285
285
122
250
193
191
234
280
263
140
1938
Zoo
233
183
143
267
262
264
Crustacean
J
Jassa .
JASSID AE.
k
Kergueleni (Polycheria)
kergueleni (Rhachotropis) .
L
Laetmatophilus .
laevis (Guernea) .
LANCEOLIDAE
Lemboides
Lembos
Lestrigonus
Leucothoe .
LEUCOTHOIDAE
levis (Elasmopus)
Liljeborgia .
LILJEBC YRGIIDAE
longicaudata (Photis)
longimanus (Hippomedon)
longimanus (Photis)
lonsispinosa (Epimeria)
lucasti (Hyale)
Lycesta
Lysianassa .
LYSIAN ASSIDAE
Lysianax
M
macrodactyla (Hyale)
macr ophthalma (Amaryllis)
Macropisthopous (Ampithoidae )
Maera .
magellanica (Paramoera)
marina (Phtisica)
maroubrae (Hyale)
mastersit (Klasmopus )
mastersii (Maera)
mayeri (Orthoprotella)
megacephala ta
Megainoera
Melita .
miersi (Leucothoe)
minutus (Ichnopus)
miops (Ampelisca) c
mirabilis (Platyischnopus) .
Moera
monoculoides (Eusiroides) :
N
natalensis (Ampelisca)
natalensis ead
var.) .
natalensis (Uristes)
191,
penantis
Fauna
195, 196, 199
of South Africa.
Nicaea .
Nicippe
nigroculus (Gammarus)
Nototr opis
novae-zealandiae (Hyale)
O
obtusa (Polycheria)
Oediceroides :
OEDICEROTIDAE
Orchestia .
| ORCHESTIDAE
Orchestoidea
orientale (Podocer us) .
orientalis (Siphonoecetes) .
Orthoprotella
osborni (Polycheria)
ovalitelson (Halicreion)
iP
paeneglaber (Rhachotropis)
palinuri (Podocerus) .
palmata (Ampelisca) .
palmata (Melita) F
palpalis (Bathymedon)
_ palporum (Rhachotropis)
| Paramoera . :
Paramoera .
PARAMPHITHOLDAE
| Parandania .
| Parapronoe .
Paratylus
Paravalettia (Lysianassidae)
PARDALISCIDAE
Parorchestia
216,
217,
paucispinosum (T visch izostoma)
pectenicrus (Elasmopus)
Peltocoxa ‘ :
penantis (Caprella)
peregrina (Ampithoe) .
PHLIANTIDAE
PHOTIDAE
Photis .
PHRONIMIDEA
Phrosina
| PHROSIN IDAE.
Phtisica
pilosus (Melita) .
Platamon
Platophium .
Platyischnopus .
Plioplateia (Phliantidae)
PODOCERIDAE
Podocerus
| Polycheria .
| pompeti (Eusiroides )
Pontogeneia
107
197
146
281
255
155
242
242:
285
292
291
283
189
125
276
142
155
274:
276
210
174
1838
“298 Annals of the South African Museum.
sylvicola (Parorchestia)
symbiotica (Aristias) .
synaptochir (Podocerus)
SYRRHOIDAE
AT
Talitriator .
TALITRIDAE
Talorchestia
taurus (Ichnopus)
Temnophlas (Phliantidae)
tenax (Isaeopsis)
tenwicornis (Melita)
tenuipes (Polycheria) .
tenuis (Parorchestia) .
Thaumatops . 4
THAUMATOPSIDAB
thomsoni (Maera)
TIRONIDAE
tridens ( Laetmatophilus)
trigonochir (Hyale)
Yriodos (Ampeliscidae)
triquetra (Phoplateia)
Trischizostoma
Tritaeta
Tritopsis
truncatipes (Maera)
Tryphosella .
| tuberculatus (Laetmatophilus)
tumida (Nicippe)
typica (Aora)
Uristes
Urothoe
Vv
vaillantii (Ampithoe) .
validum (Jassa) .
| validus (Melita) .
PAGE
PONTOGENEIIDAE. 183
PONTOPOREIDAE 142
prevostii (Hyale) 230
Prianassus . 2138
PRONOIDAE 293
Proto . 283
proxima (Liljebor via) 167
Pseudotryphosa 126
pulchella (Jassa) . 262 |
pulchella (Urothoe) 143
purus (Laetmatophilus) 274
pusilla (Gitanopsis) 144.
Q
quadrispinosa (‘l'alorchestia) 217
R
Rachotropis . 178
recens (Parorchestia) . 226
reinhardi (Photis) 243
Rhachotropis 178
richardi (C yphocaris) . 116
richiardii (Leucothoe) . 150
rubricata (Ampithoe) . . 2538, 255
Ss
saldanha (Hyale) 229
scissimana (Maera) 193
Scypholanceola . 290
semiarmata (Epimeria) seal
semidentatus (EKurystheus) 250
semilunata (Phrosina) 292
serricrus (Ichnopus) 123
serrula (Elasmopus) 197
setipes (Melita) 189
Siphonoecetes 269
Socarnopsis . : 124.
spinicarpa (Leucothoe) 148
spinicornis (Ichnopus) 123
spiniger (Caprellina) . 282
Squilla . 283
stebbingi (Mac ropisthopous) 260
STEGOCEPHALIDAE 128
Stegocephaloides . 128
Stegocephalus 131
Stenothoe . 153
STENOTHOIDAE 152
Stomacontion 109
suensis (Maera) 196
vanhoefteni (Scypholanceola)
ventricosa (Proto) :
verticillatus (Hyale)
Vijaya . 6
villosa (Hyale)
Z
zeylanica (Melita)
PAGE
226
121
279
168
220
215
215
123
158
267
19]
211
226
286
286
195
168
Se
275
234
140
156
106
Pata E
178
193
126
274
161
236
126
143
253
263
189
290
283
230
114
234
191
Fie.
OO IO o
‘
(299)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Prare XXVI.
. Trischizostoma paucispinosum nu. sp. 1st gnathopod, with palm further
enlarged.
. Paravalettia chelata n. g. et sp. 1st gnathopod, with hand further
g.
enlarged.
2nd gnathopod.
” 3) 2)
. Cyphocaris faurei n. sp. 4th and 5th side-plates with 2nd joints of 3rd and
4th peraeopods,
. Stegocephaloides attingens n. sp. Sth peraeopod.
. Ampelisca miops n. sp. Sth peraeopod.
natalensis n. sp. 5th peraeopod.
>
. Triodos insignis n. g. et sp. Lateral view of 4th and 5th pleon segments
with telson and 3rd uropod.
Telson.
5th peraeopod.
39
3?
. Gitanopsis pusilla n. sp. Telson and 3rd uropod.
2nd gnathopod, with portion of palm further
enlarged.
3° >
. Peltocoxa australis n. sp. 2nd gnathopod, with portions of palm and inner
margin of finger further enlarged.
. Leucothoe dolichoceras n. sp. 2nd gnathopod ¢, with lower portion of palm
further enlarged.
. Stenothoe dolichopous n.sp. 4th side-plate of right side.
Ist gnathopod,
2nd gnathopod.
oP) 39 33
39 > >
. Plioplateia triquetra n. g. et sp. Lateral view of 9, with antennae but
without appendages of peraeon and
pleon.
1st maxilla, with one spine further
enlarged.
Maxilliped, with portion of 4th joint
of palp further enlarged.
lst pleopod.
3rd pleopod.
3rd uropod.
6th and 7th joints of lst gnathopod.
300
FIG.
Annals of the South African Museum.
25. Temnophlias capensis n. &. et sp.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34, 35. x
Fie.
1. Bathymedon palpalis n. sp.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
”
”
Halicreion (?) ovalitelson n.
»”»
+”
”
»”
Dorsal view of g, with pleon flexed, and
without appendages of peraeon and
pleon.
Lateral view of 2nd pleon segment of g.
Maxilliped, with apex of inner plate
further enlarged.
1st and 2nd maxillae, with apex of 2nd
and one spine from 1st further enlarged.
2nd peraeopod 2.
Telson.
8rd uropod @.
2nd uropod ?.
Ist uropod ¢, with portion of inner
margin of ramus further enlarged.
2nd uropod ¢g, viewed from above and
from the outside respectively.
Pratt XXVIII.
Telson.
Mandibular palp.
Ist gnathopod.
sp. Telson.
Epimeria semvarmata n. sp. 4th and 5th side-plates of right side.
longispinosa n. sp. 4th and 5th side-plates of right side ; a portion
””
9
3)
>
”
”
”
”
”
. Elasmopus levis n. sp.
>
3
. Gammarus capensis
>
”
nigroculus n. sp.
”
. Elasmopus boeckii (Haswell).
. Hriopisa capensis n. sp.
3+”
>
+”
”
var, a,
. Cleonardopsis carinata n. &. et sp.
+3
”
of the surface sculpturing has been drawn
in and portion of this further enlarged:
2nd and 3rd pleon segments.
5th and 6th side-plates of right side.
Telson.
. Rhachotropis paeneglaber n. sp. 2nd—4th pleon segments.
. Maera hamigera (Haswell). 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod of imma-
ture specimen.
6th and 7th joints of 2nd enathopod of
immature adult specimen.
Telson.
6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod.
6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod.
Mandibular palp.
Telson.
5th, 6th, and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod.
3rd uropod.
n.s.p. Telson.
Gland-cone on 2nd antenna.
Telson.
Telson.
crassicornis n. sp. Telson.
oe)
» 2nd antenna ¢.
FIG.
26. Gammarus auricularius n. sp. 2nd,3rd,and 4th joints of second antenna ¢.
27.
28.
33
”
€
Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 301
4th-7th joints of Ist peraeopod ¢.
Telson.
3? 3)
” ”
29. Talorchestia quadrispinosa n. sp. 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
30,
31.
32.
33.
3d,
30.
36. 33
37. Hyale saldanha Chilton. 5th peraeopod.
3? 3) 33
” ” 3
oe) 3? 3”)
2nd joint of 4th peraeopod 2g.
2nd joint of 5th peraeopod ¢.
abnormal 2nd gnathopod of g (4th-7th
joints).
australis n. sp. 4th-7th joints of Ist gnathopod ¢.
be = 4th-7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
ancheidos n. sp. 4th-7th joints of lst gnathopod g.
4th—7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢@.
be)
38. Chiltonia capensis n. sp. 4th joint of palp of maxilliped.
39.
LP
40.
Fig.
. Parorchestia dassenensis n. sp. 4th—Tth joints of Ist gnathopod ¢.
1
2
=.
3
2) 9 ”
Ist gnathopod.
Telson and 8rd uropods.
» 2)
”
Pruate XXVIII.
4th to 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
. Hyale diastoma n. sp. 4th-7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
4.
inyacka n.sp. 5th peraeopod, with 7th and end of 6th joint further
enlarged.
. Lembos hypacanthus n. sp. 6th and 7th joints of Ist gnathopod g, with
”
39
defining angle of palm further enlarged.
2nd joint of 2nd gnathopod ¢@.
” 9
Lemboides acanthiger nu. sp. 6th and 7th joints of Ist gnathopod ¢.
35 FF 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod 2.
crenatipalma n.sp. Ist gnathopod g, with palm and finger
further enlarged.
2nd gnathopod g, with palm and finger
further enlarged.
33 +”
. Eurystheus afer (Stebbing). 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
16.
Nef
~ imminens n. sp. 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod g, with
middle tooth of palm further enlarged.
os semidentatus n. sp. 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod ¢.
Palm and finger of 2nd gnathopod @.
” 33
5. Macropisthopous stebbingi n. g. et sp. 5th-7th joints of 1st gnathopod, with
7th and apex of 6th joint further
enlarged.
5th peraeopod ¢, with portion otf
surface sculpturing further en-
larged.
Telson and 3rd uropod.
20
302 Annals of the South African Museum.
FIG.
18.
Ischyrocerus carinatus n, sp. 1st and 2nd peraeon segments, side-plates and
gnathopods, with palmar tooth of 2nd
gnathopod further enlarged.
. Isaeopsis tenax n. g. et sp. 6th and 7th joints of 1st peraeopod.
F 3 > 5th peraeopod, with finger further enlarged.
5 53 ys Telson and 38rd uropods, with outer ramus
further enlarged.
. Laetmatophilus tridens n. sp. 2nd gnathopod ¢.
. Podocerus palinuri n. sp. Head and 1st and 2nd peraeon segments.
is africanus n. sp. 2nd joint of Ist peraeopod.
” s 2nd joint of 5th peraeopod.
. Photis longienudata (B. & W.) 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod of ¢,
view of inner surface.
. Stomacontion capense n. sp. 1st side-plate.
»» - Ps Ist antenna.
. Stegocephaloides australis n. sp. Sth peraeopod.
. Ampelisca palmata n. sp. 6th and 7th joints of 1st gnathopod, with palm
further magnified, the setae omitted.
” » % 5th peraeopod.
. Melita fresnelii (Audouin). Ist-6th segments of pleon, the median tooth
shown in segments 1-4.
. Elasmopus pectenicrus (Bate). Lower hind margin of 2nd joint of 4th
peraeopod.
. Ampithoe brevipes (Dana). 6th and 7th joints of 2nd gnathopod, with seta
from paln further enlarged.
. Caprellina spiniger n. sp. Head and peraeon segments 1-4 of 9, with
dorsal tubercles of segments 3 and 4 seen
from behind.
‘Amn.S.Afric.Mus. XV.
PWM. Trap.tm r: |
SOUTH AFRICAN AMPHIPODA.
xy
?
i:
4
Amm.S Afric. Mus. XV.
36
PNM Trap. impr)
SOUTH AFRICAN AMPHIPODA.
‘
SP
yy
(Eta >
Z,
Amn.S.Afric. Mus. XV.
eee
We
SHS
LEMME
SOUTH AFRICAN AMPHIPODA.
( 308 )
4.—-The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province (Union of South
Africa) —By G. O. Sars. Part I: Cladocera. With 13 plates.
(Plates XXIX-XLI)
INTRODUCTION.
Unper the above title I intend to give an account of all the forms of
fresh-water Entomostraca from Cape Colony, which have as yet come
under my notice, with short descriptions and easily recognisable figures
of each species. The present part only deals with the Cladocera ; in two
or three succeeding parts the Ostracoda and Copepoda will be treated
of in a similar manner.
In the General Catalogue of South African Crustacea published by
the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing in the present Annals, vol. vi, nineteen
species of Cladocera are enumerated. Nine of these had been described
by the present author in a previous paper * from specimens raised out
of dried mud from Knysna, and in another paper + two other species
belonging to the Fauna of Sumatra were also stated to occur in Cape
Colony. The remaining eight species have been recorded chiefly by
Prof. Brady from the neighbourhood of Natal. In the present paper
more than twice as many species, viz. forty-three, will be described as
belonging to the Fauna of Cape Colony, eleven of which are apparently
new to science.
The greater number of the forms here treated of have been reared
from dried mud in my aquaria, and have been domesticated for several
years and in numerous successive generations. I have thereby been
enabled to subject the said species to a very thorough investigation,
and at the same time to give good and characteristic figures of them,
representing the animals as they appear in the fresh and living state. The
great advantage attained by this method for the study of exotic fresh-
water Entomostraca will be easily appreciated. For thereby not only will,
as a rule, a sufficient number of specimens of each species be obtained
for examination and comparison, but this method permits the study of
the biological relations of the species, their growth, movements, propaga-
tion, and seasonal variation. Especially as regards the Cladocera, the
* On some South African Entomostraca raised from dried mud. Chr, Vid.
Selsk. Skrifter f. 1895.
+ Fresh-water Entomostraca from China and Sumatra. Arch. f. Mathem.
u. Naturv. 1903.
21
304 Annals of the South African Museum.
said method has proved to be of invaluable service, as these very
delicate organisms scarcely admit of being satisfactorily examined
except in the fresh and living condition. By immersion in alcohol or
any other preserving fluid, they very soon not only lose much of their
beauty and transparency, but in many cases even become more or less
deformed by the contraction of the softer parts and the inconvenient
twisting of the natatory antennae and the caudal part, so as to be less
serviceable for an exact examination. 'The imperfectness of the habitus-
figures generally given of exotic Cladocera is indeed in most cases due
to the above-mentioned injurious action of the preserving fluid on the
specimens examined.
The mud which has been placed at my disposal was taken from four
different localities in Cape Colony, viz. :
(1) Knysna. Four parcels collected by Mr. Theson from a swamp
in 1890 and 1891.
(2) Port Elizabeth. Three parcels kindly forwarded to me in 1897,
1899 and 1900 by Mr. Hodgson, and collected by his brother from a
“vley” near that town.
(3) Green Point Common. Several small parcels kindly sent to me
in 1898 and 1899 by Dr. Purcell.
(4) Cape Flats and neighbourhood of Bergvliet, Cape Town. A large
quantity of mud from four different localities kindly sent to me by Dr.
Purcell in 1909.
Moreover, I have received from the South African Museum, through
the kind intervention of Dr. Purcell, a number of alcoholic samples
taken from different localities in the neighbourhood of Cape Town.
It will be seen from the above communication that a very extensive
material for the study of the fresh-water Entomostraca of the Cape
Colony has been placed at my disposal, and I venture, therefore, to
believe that the present account will be rather a complete one, com-
prising in reality the great majority of the species which are to be
found in that region.
The Cladocera of Cape Colony belong to the three following families :
Daphniidae, Macrothricidae and Chydoridae; the Sididae, Bosminidae
and Polyphemidae not being represented.
Fam. DAPHNIIDAE.
Gen. 1. DAPHNIA, O. Fr. Miller.
Remarks.—In his Revision of the Cladocera Dr. J. Richard has
divided this genus into two groups, according to the presence or absence
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 305
of secondary denticles on the caudal claws. All the species treated of
in the present paper belong to the first of these groups with denticu-
lated caudal claws. This group again is divided by Dr. Richard into
two subdivisions, according to the form of the cephalic fornix, which in
the one subdivision is rather prominent, terminating behind on each side
in a well-marked sharp corner, whereas in the second subdivision it is
quite simple, without any projecting corner behind. Both these sub-
divisions are represented in the Fauna of Cape Colony, the first five
species described below belonging to the former subdivision, the other
two species to the latter. In my opinion the form of the cephalic
fornix is of more essential significance than the armature of the caudal
claws, and accordingly I should prefer to base the primary division
upon this character, and to use the armature of the caudal claws in the
second place for distinguishing two subdivisions of the one primary
group.
1. DAPHNIA MAGNA, Straus.
(Plate XXIX, figs. 1, la, b.)
Daphnia magna, Straus. Mém. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. vol. vi, 1820,
p. 159; pl. 29, figs. 21 and 22.
Syn.: Daphnia Schaefferi, Baird.
Specific Characters—Female.—Valvular part of shell (carapace),
seen laterally, broadly oval in outline, with the spine originating far
above the axis of the body and more or less strongly upturned ;
denticles of dorsal edge extending about to the cervical region.
Cephalic part of shell (head) of moderate size and rather procumbent,
exhibiting on each side a well-marked arched keel running parallel to
the dorsal edge, and in some cases accompanied by another imperfectly
developed keel; fornix strongly prominent and terminating behind in
a sharp corner; dorsal margin of head evenly curved and joining the
almost straight ventral margin by an abrupt bend; rostrum slightly
prominent, though obtuse at the tip. Eye of moderate size. Anten-
nulae small, but well defined and conical in form. ‘Tail-piece rather
produced and considerably attenuated distally ; posterior or dorsal edge
deeply sinuated beyond the middle, dividing the anal denticles into
two sets; apical claws rather slender and evenly curved, with the
secondary denticles very delicate and densely crowded.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form is unquestionably identical
with the well-known European species, D. magna, though the South
African specimens differ a little from the typical ones in the form
of the head and in the more strongly upturned shell-spine. The
largest of the specimens examined had a length (without the shell-
306 Annals of the South African Museum.
spine) of 4:2 mm., whereas the European form may grow to a length
of 5°3 mm.
Occurrence.-—Numerous specimens of this form were contained in a
sample taken by Dr. Purcell in September, 1896, from adam at Touws
River Station, Worcester Div. The species has recently been success-
fully reared in my aquaria from mud taken by Mr. Orjan Olsen from
a pond near the Whaling Station at Saldanha Bay.
Distribution.—Throughout Europe, Turkestan, Palestine, Central
Asia, Algeria, Tunis, Greenland.
2. DAPHNIA DOLICHOCEPHALA, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXIX, figs. 2, 2a, b.)
Daphnia dolichocephala, G. O. Sars. On some South African Ento-
mostraca raised from dried mud. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter f. 1895,
peceypl, de
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, oblong oval
in outline, and gradually contracted behind, with the spine of variable
length and originating nearly in the axis of the body, though shghtly
upturned; denticles of dorsal edge extending (at least in ephippial
specimens) beyond the cervical region. Head comparatively large,
with the occipital part more or less bulging above, front sub-angular
below ; inferior edge quite straight ; rostrum short and obtuse, shghtly
scabrous in front. Eyes well developed and occurring just within the
frontal angle. Antennule small, knob-like, and originating from a
broad fleshy protuberance immediately behind the rostrum. — Tail-
piece comparatively short and conical in form, with the hind edge quite
straight, and denticles small, ten to twelve on each side, and not
extending to the middle of the piece ; apical claws short and thick, with
the secondary denticles well marked. Intestinal tube forming a bold
curve within the occipital part of the head.
Body pellucid, with a greenish tinge.
Length of shell (without the spine) reaching 5 mm.
Remarks.—This form was described by the present author as early
as the year 1895 from specimens reared out of mud taken at Kynsna,
and its specific distinctness had been admitted by all subsequent
authors, though in some respects it exhibits a certain resemblance to
D. atkinsoni, Baird.
Occurrence.—I have reared this form from the Knysna mud and also
from mud taken in another locality, viz. at Green Point Common, near
Cape Town, and the same species was moreover contained in two alco-
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 307
holic samples kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell, the one taken at Green
Point Common, the other at Salt River, October 22nd, 1898.
The present species has not yet been recorded from other parts of
the world.
3. DAPHNIA HODGSONI, 0. sp.
(Plate XXIX, figs. 5, 3a, b.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded oval
in outline, with the spine generally very long and obliquely turned up-
wards, issuing somewhat above the axis of the body; denticles of dorsal
edge extending beyond the cervical region and in ephippial specimens
of quite an unusual length, almost setiform. Head of moderate size
and defined from the carapace above by a slight concavity of the dorsal
margin; occipital part more or less produced in a hood-like manner,
front scarcely angular below, the anterior and inferior edges being in
some cases even quite continuous; rostrum, as in D. dolichocephala,
short and obtuse, with a rather conspicuous scabrosity in front. Eye
very large, with numerous refracting bodies. Antennulae about as in
D. dolichocephala. Tail-piece, however, differmg conspicuously both
in form and armature, being comparatively larger, with the posterior
edge angularly produced in the middle; anal denticles well developed
and continued on each side of the proximal part by a well-marked
lateral series almost extending to the base of the piece; apical claws
comparatively larger than in D. dolichocephala.
Body highly pellucid, with a faint yellowish or greenish tinge.
Length of shell (without the spine) reaching 2°5 mm.
Remarks.—This form is allied to D. dolichocephala, but differs con-
spicuously in the shape of the head, and more particularly in the form
and armature of the tail-piece. It is named in honour of Mr. Hodgson,
to whom I am indebted for discovering this handsome species.
Occurrence—Numerous specimens of this form developed in some
of my aquaria prepared with mud from Port Elizabeth, and were
watched for several successive generations. The female specimen
figured on the plate belonged to the earlier generations. Later in the
season the size of the specimens somewhat diminished, and at the same
time the form of the head was slightly changed, the occipital part being
less prominent. In ephippial females the carapace assumed a broadly
rounded form, with the ephippium generally of a very dark colour and
edged dorsally with unusually long, almost setiform denticles. The
male of this species exhibits a very similar appearance to that of D.
dolichocephala, as described in my former paper.
308 Annals of the South African Museum.
4. DAPHNIA CORONATA, ND. Sp.
(Plate XXX, fig. 1, la-f.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, oval in out-
line, with the spine rather coarse and turned obliquely upwards, origi-
nating considerably above the axis of the body. Head comparatively
large, with the occipital part produced above to a hump-like protuber-
ance, front rounded below, inferior edge straight; rostrum short and
obtuse, resembling that in the two preceding species. Dorsal denticles
of carapace rather coarse and arranged in a double series extending far
in front, and on the occipital part of the head diverging to encircle a
somewhat lozenge-shaped area just behind the hump-lke protuberance.
Eye of moderate size. Antennulae small, resembling in structure those
in the two preceding species. Tail-piece exhibiting a similar form to
that in D. dolichocephala, but having the apical claws comparatively
larger and the anal denticles more coarsely developed.
Length of shell (without the spine) reaching 2 mm.
Remarks.—The above-described form is closely allied to D. dolicho-
cephala, and indeed at first I was inclined to regard it as merely a
variety of that species. On a closer examination, however, I have
found that it ought to be distinguished specifically, as it differs very
conspicuously in the shape of the head and more particularly in the
peculiar ornamentation of the occipital part, which latter character has
suggested the specific name here proposed. A somewhat similar orna-
mentation is also found in the form at first recorded by Dr. Richard
under the name D. bolivari, but subsequently considered by that
author to be a variety of D. atkinsoni, Baird, as also in the peculiar
form described by the present author from the Central Asiatic lake
Tennice as D. triquetra. The present form is, however, otherwise very
different from either of these two species.
Occurrence.—Numerous specimens of this Daphnia (most of them
still immature) were contained in an alcoholic sample kindly sent to
me by Dr. Purcell, who procured it from a pond in the Karroo at
Ashton, Robertson Division, August 26th, 1900. All the female
specimens exhibited the same characteristic shape of the head
and the same peculiar ornament of its occipital part. In the male,
however, of which only a single specimen was found, this ornament
was wholly wanting, as seen from the fig. 1f on the accompanying
plate.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 309
5. DAPHNIA THOMSONI, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXX, figs. 2, 2 a-c.)
Daphnia thomsoni, G. O. Sars. Contributions to the knowledge of
the Fresh-water Entomostraca of New Zealand. Chr. Vid. Selsk.
Skrifter f. 1894, p. 5, pl. i.
Syn.: Daphnia similis Thomson (not Claus).
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, broadly oval
in outline, with the spine rather thin and obliquely upturned, originat-
ing somewhat above the axis of the body. Head comparatively large
and distinctly carinated throughout, being defined above from the cara-
pace by a slight concavity of the dorsal margin, frontal part evenly
rounded off, inferior edge straight and produced behind to a rather
prominent acuminate rostrum. Dorsal denticles of carapace not ex-
tending beyond the cervical region. Eye of moderate size. Antennule
extremely small, scarcely projecting beyond the hind edge of the head
except with the apical papille. Tail-piece rather produced and tapering
distally, with the hind edge somewhat flexuous, exhibiting below the
anal fissure a shght sinus; anal denticles well developed, twelve to
fourteen in number on each side; apical claws slender and evenly
curved, with the secondary denticles well marked.
Body highly pellucid, with a faint yellowish or pale reddish tinge.
Length of shell (without the spine) reaching 3°7 mm.
Remarks.—This form was first recorded by Prof. Thomson from New
Zealand under the name of D. similis; but as that name had been
previously given by Claus to another species, it was changed by the
present author to D. thomsoni. Its nearest ally is unquestionably the
Australian species D. carinata, King, and not, as believed by Dr. Richard,
D. similis, Claus. From the numerous varieties of the former species
it is easily distinguished by the rather different shape of the tail-piece,
which somewhat resembles that in D. magna.
Occurrence.—The present species, which has been fully described and
figured in my paper on the New Zealand Entomostraca, was also reared
in the year 1895 from the Knysna mud, and some specimens of the
earlier generations were at that time secured and preserved for further
examination and comparison. The figures given on the accompanying
plate have been drawn from one of these specimens.
Distribution —New Zealand.
6. DAPHNIA PROPINQUA, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXXTI, figs. 1, la, b.)
Daphnia propinqua, G. O. Sars. On some South African Ento-
310 Annals of the South African Musewm.
mostraca raised from dried mud. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter f. 1895,
p- 9, pl. 2, figs. 1-8.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, regularly
oval in outline, with the spine very short and issuing about in the axis
of the body; dorsal denticles only occupying the posterior half of the
carapace. Head of moderate size and slightly carinated, with the
fornix quite simple, not exhibiting any projecting corner behind ; dorsal
edge evenly curved, front broadly rounded below, inferior edge slightly
concaved ; rostrum terminating in a short deflexed point. Eye unusu-
ally large. Antennule small, but distinctly prominent, arising from a
rounded fleshy protuberance behind the rostrum. ‘Tail-piece slightly
tapering distally and narrowly truncated at the end, with the hind
edge a little bulging in the middle; anal denticles about twelve on
each side, and extending to the middle of the piece; apical claws of
moderate size and having the secondary denticles well marked.
Body highly pellucid, with a faint greenish-blue tinge.
Length of shell reaching 1:8 mm.
Remarks.—This form, like the following one, belongs to the group of
Daphnia generally termed the “ pulex group,” which agrees with the pre-
ceding species in the armature of the caudal claws with distinct
secondary denticles, but differs materially in the quite simple fornix of
the head. The nearest ally of the present species seems to be D. obtusa,
Kurz.,and indeed Dr. Richard is inclined to regard it merely as a variety
of that species. It differs, however, conspicuously in the form of the head
and in the presence of a well-marked, though short, shell-spine, which
is obsolete in D. obtusa, as indicated by the specific name of that species.
Occurrence——The specimens originally described by the present
author were reared from mud taken at Knysna. I have subsequently
had an opportunity of examining some additional specimens of the
same form found in an alcoholic sample kindly sent to me from the
South African Museum and procured by Dr. Purcell, April, 1896, from
a small duck-pond at Salt River, near Cape Town. These specimens
exactly agreed with those raised from the Knysna mud.
The present species has not as yet been recorded from other parts of
the world.
7. DAPHNIA TENUISPINA, 0. Sp.
(Plate XXXT, figs.2, 2a, b.)
Specific Characters—Female-—Shell very thin and transparent, with
the carapace, seen laterally, oval in outline and not defined from the
head by any obvious concavity of the dorsal margin, spine very thin
and fragile, issuing in the axis of the body and not at all upturned, in
5
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 311
some cases even prominently deflexed; denticles of the dorsal edge
very small and only visible in the posterior part of the carapace. Head
comparatively smaller than in D. propinqua, with the front less promi-
nent and narrowly rounded below; rostrum well marked and some-
what less deflexed than in the said species. Eye of comparatively
smaller size. Antennulae about as in that species. Tail-piece some-
what less produced and having the hind edge straight ; anal denticles
about ten on each side and scarcely extending to the middle of the
piece ; apical claws resembling in structure those in D. propinqua.
Length of shell reaching 1°8 mm.
Remarks.—In its general appearance this form is not unlike some of
the many varieties of D. longispina, and could, therefore, easily at first
sight be assigned to that species. A closer examination of the tail-
piece, however, shows it in reality to belong to quite a different group of
Daphniae, viz., to the ‘‘D. pulex group.” From the preceding species,
which belongs to the same group, it is easily distinguishable by the
different shape of the head and by the very thin and fragile shell-spine,
which latter character has suggested the specific name here proposed.
Occurrence.—Numerous specimens of this form were contained in an
alcoholic sample kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell, who procured it,
May, 1896, from a brick-pond at Bergyliet. The present species was
not raised in my aquaria.
Gen. 2. SIMOSA, Norman.
Syn.: Simocephalus, Schoedeler.
Remarks.—As the name Simocephalus, given to this genus by
Schoedeler and in general use by subsequent authors, has proved to be
preoccupied, the above change of name was proposed in the year 1903
by Canon A. M. Norman. The genus originally comprised three well-
defined European species, viz., S. exspinosa (de Geer), S. vetula
(Miller), and S. serrulata (Koch). To these there have been added
in recent times several other species from different parts of the world ;
but some of them exhibit such a close relationship to the one or the
other of the three said European species, that their specific validity
appears somewhat questionable. This may indeed apply to the three
South African species described below.
8. SIMOSA AUSTRALIENSIS (Dana).
(Plate XXXI, figs. 3, 3a, b.)
Daphnia australiensis, Dana. United States Exploring Expedition.
Crustacea IT, 1853, p. 1271, pl. 89, figs. 4 a-e.
312 Annals of the South African Museum.
Simocephalus australiensis, G. O. Sars. Additional Notes on
Australian Cladocera. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forhandl. f. 1888, p. 15, pl. 2,
fies. 1-5.
Specific Characters—Female—Carapace, seen laterally, obliquely
oval or sub-rhomboid in outline, being only slightly expanded behind,
dorsal margin almost straight in the greater part of its extent, but
forming behind an abrupt curve before joming the well-marked
posterior protuberance of the shell; the latter, as also the adjoining
part of the dorsal edge strongly denticulated ; posterior edges of valves
somewhat flexuous and very oblique, joining the inferior ones without
any intervening angle. Head comparatively small, though, as usual,
having the fornix greatly expanded, front sub-angular below, rostral
projection abruptly deflexed, and defined from the straight inferior
edge of the head by an angular notch. Ocellus small, rhomboid in
form. Tiail-piece rather broad in its proximal part, with the supra-
anal angle obtuse; anal denticles ten to twelve on each side and
rapidly increasing in length distally ; apical claws slender and nearly
straight, with a number of distinct denticles at the base.
Colour more or less dark ochraceous.
Length of shell reaching 2:8 mm.
Remarks.—This form was rather imperfectly characterised and figured
by Dana under the name of Daphnia austral iensis, and was subsequently
more fully described by the present author from specimens raised out
of dried Australian mud. It is closely allied to the European species,
P. exspinosa (de Geer), from which indeed it only differs in the some-
what unlike shape of the posterior part of the shell in adult female
specimens.
Occurrence—I have reared this form in considerable numbers from
three different. parcels of mud kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell. The
parcels were taken partly from pools in the Cape Flats, partly from
Swamps in the neighbourhood of Bergvliet. It was also reared from
the Knysna mud.
Distribution — Australia.
J. SIMOSA VETULOIDEs (G. O. Sars).
(Plate XXXII, figs. 1, la, b).
Simocephalus vetuloides, G. O. Sars. The Cladocera, Copepoda, and
Ostracoda of the Jana Expedition. Annuaire du Musée Zool. de
lAcad. Imp. de St. Petersbourg, 1898, p. 5, pl. vi, figs. 11 and 12.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded
trigonal in outline, being considerably expanded behind and terminating
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 315
in a short, obtuse protuberance located about in the axis of the body ;
dorsal margin strongly curved in its posterior part; hind edges of
valves nearly straight and rather oblique, joining the inferior ones at a
well-marked angle. Posterior part of dorsal margin strongly denticu-
lated, the denticles being also continued on the terminal protuberance
of the shell. Head somewhat more prominent than in the preceding
species, with the front narrowly rounded below; rostral projection
very small, and not defined in front by any notch. Ocellus forming a
narrow stripe obliquely ascending from the base of the rostrum. Tail-
piece resembling in shape that in the preceding species, though having
the supra-anal angle somewhat more prominent; anal denticles 8-10
on each side; apical claws without any secondary denticles at the
base.
Colour light yellow.
Length of shell reaching 2°2 mm.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form agrees fairly well with the
species described in 1897 by the present author from specimens
collected during the Russian Jana Expedition. As indicated by the
specific name, it is nearly allied to the European species, S. vetula
(Miller), differing, however, conspicuously in the shape of the
carapace, the hind part of which exhibits a well-marked median
protuberance, wholly wanting in NS. vetwla.
Occurrence.
Several specimens of this form were reared from one
of the parcels of mud kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell and taken from
old gravel-pits at Bergvliet. The same form was also found in some of
the alcoholic samples forwarded to me from the South African
Museum and procured by Dr. Purcell in 1896 from ponds in the
Cape Flats.
Distribution.—Siberia, Central Asia.
10. Stmosa capensis (G. O. Sars).
(Plate XXXII, figs. 2, 2a, b).
Sinocephalus capensis, G. O. Sars. On some South African
Entomostraca raised from dried mud. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, 1895,
pals, pl:
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, broadly oval
or somewhat rhomboid in outline, with a well-marked protuberance
behind in the middle, dorsal margin evenly curved and slightly
sinuated just above the said protuberance; hind edges of valves
oblique and joining the inferior ones at an obtuse angle. Posterior
part of dorsal margin denticulate, the denticles being continued on
314 Annals of the South African Museum.
the terminal protuberance, but not on the hind edges of the valves.
Head comparatively small and somewhat prominent, with the dorsal
margin evenly curved, front forming below an acute angle clothed
anteriorly with a number of minute denticles ; rostral projection
extremely small. Eye comparatively large, with the refractive bodies
very conspicuous ; ocellus small, rhomboid in form. Tail-piece com-
paratively less broad than in the two preceding species, with the supra-
anal angle rather produced; anal denticles about eight on each side:
apical claws without secondary denticles at the base, but finely ciliated
along the concave edge.
Colour light ochraceous, with a tinge of chestnut.
Length of shell reaching 2:4 mm.
Remarks.—This form, described by the present author in 1895,
is allied to the European species S. serrulata (Koch), but differs some-
what in the shape of the head and in the armature of the hind part of
the shell; the denticles being not, as in S. serrulata, continued on the
posterior edges of the valves.
Occurrence.—This form was reared by the present author from mud
taken at Knysna. It has also been recorded by Prof. Brady from
Richmond, Natal. In other parts of the world it has not yet been
observed.
Gen. 3. SCAPHOLEBERIS, Schoedeler.
Remarks.—Of this characteristic genus at least four well-defined
Species are known from the northern hemisphere. To the fauna of
Cape Colony belongs another species, to be described below.
1]. ScaAPHOLEBERIS KINGI, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXXTI, figs. 3, 3a, b).
Scapholeberis kingi, G. O. Sars. Fresh-water Entomostraca from
China and Sumatra. Arch. f. Mathem. u. Naturv., 1903, p. 8, pl. 1,
figs. 2, 2 a-c.
Syn.: Daphnia mucronata, King (not Miiller).
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace rather tumid, seen laterally,
oval quadrangular in outline, being transversely truncated behind,
with the inferior corner of each valve produced to a comparatively short
spiniform process pointing backwards, inferior edges of valves straight
and slightly angular in front. Head less prominent than in the type
species, with the frontal part unarmed and narrowly rounded, inferior
edge deeply concave, rostrum short and blunt. Shell sculptured with
distinct transverse striae, particularly strong and ridge-like in the
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 315
posterior part; inferior edges of valves densely ciliated, eye compara-
tively large; ocellus small, located close to the rostrum. Tail-piece
short and obliquely truncated at the end; anal denticles only four or
five on each side; apical claws short and stout.
Colour dark brown, with still darker, almost blackish, shadows.
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 0°8 mm.
Remarks.—This form was observed as early as the year 1852 by
King in the neighbourhood of Sydney, but was erroneously identified
with S. mucronata (Miller), from which it differs in its much smaller
size, as also in the different shape of the head and the comparatively
small size of the processes issuing from the infero-posterior corners of
the valves.
Occurrence.—Some specimens of this form were reared from one of
the parcels of mud kindly sent to me in 1909 by Dr. Purcell. The
mud was taken from an old brick-pond at Bergvlet. The same
species also occurred occasionally in some of the Australian samples.
Distribution.—Austraha, Sumatra.
Gen. 4. CERIODAPHNIA, Schoedeler.
This genus seems to be very rich in species, and is represented
in nearly all parts of the world. Nearly thirty species have been
described by different authors; but it is not improbable that some
of them must be withdrawn as insufficiently characterised. To the
fauna of Cape Colony belong six species, to be described in the follow-
ing pages.
12. CERIODAPHNIA PRODUCTA, 0. sp.
(Plate XX XIII, figs. 1, la, b.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded in
outline, with a very large and conspicuous conical protuberance behind,
issuing nearly in the axis of the body. Head, as usual, sharply
marked off from the carapace, and somewhat less procumbent than in
the other species ; frontal part rather produced and narrowly rounded,
without any rostral angle behind. Reticulation of shell very close, but
not very conspicuous; free edges of valves minutely denticulate, the
denticles being also continued on the dorsal margin. Eye large,
almost fillmg up the frontal part; ocellus very small. Antennulae
comparatively short. Tail-piece of normal shape, tapering slightly
towards the end; anal denticles eight on each side; apical claws each
with five secondary denticles in their proximal part.
Colour not yet ascertained.
516 Annals of the South African Museum.
Length of shell reaching 1-5 mm.
Remarks.—This form is allied to the European species C. reticulata
(Jurine) ; but is of larger size, and, moreover, distinguished by the
very large protuberance issuing from the shell behind, a character
which indeed has given rise to the specific name here proposed.
Occurrence.—Several specimens of this form were found in an
alcoholic sample kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell, and taken in 1896
from a pond in the Cape Flats. This species has not been reared
in my aquaria.
13. CERIODAPHNIA RETICULATA (Jurine), var. minor, 0.
(Plate XXXTIT, figs. 2, 2a, b.)
Monoculus reticulatus, Jurine. Histoire des Monocles. ete. 1820
p. 189, pl. 14, figs. 3 and 4.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded
oval in outline, with the posterior protuberance rather slight and
issuing far above the axis of the body. Head less erect than in the
preceding species, with the frontal part slightly angular behind.
Reticulation of shell not very sharply marked, and not so close as in
that species ; free edges of valves perfectly smooth. Eye of moderate
size. Antennulae resembling in structure those in C. producta. Tail-
piece with the posterior edge slightly sinuate beyond the middle;
anal denticles eight on each side, the outermost ones somewhat smaller
than those in the middle; apical claws each with six well-marked
denticles at some distance from the base.
Body pellucid, with a faint yellow tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0-9 mm.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form agrees in all essential
structural details so closely with a small variety of C. reticulata
occurring rather commonly in Norway and other countries of Europe,
that I have found it impossible to distinguish it specifically. I am
also now inclined to believe that the two forms previously described by
me as C. sublaevis and C. richardi should more properly be assigned
to the same species.
Occurrence.—This form was reared in great abundance from a parcel
of mud taken by Dr. Purcell from a small pool in the Cape Flats. It
was also present in an alcoholic sample procured by that gentleman
from the same region, and kindly sent me for examination.
Distribution Throughout Europe, central part of Asia, New
Zealand, North and South America.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 31
a |
14. CERIODAPHNIA QUADRANGULA (MULLER), var.
(Plate XX XIII, figs. 3, 3a, 5b.)
Daphnia quadrangula, O. Fr. Miller. Entomostraca, 1785, p. 90,
pl. xiii, figs. 3 and 4.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded
quadrangular in outline, with the posterior protuberance distinctly
produced and issuing far above the axis of the body. Head rather
procumbent, with the frontal part evenly rounded off, without any
angle behind. Reticulation of shell coarser than in the two preceding
species ; free edges of valves minutely denticulate, the denticles being
also continued on the hind part of the dorsal margin. Eye of moderate
size. Antennulae somewhat more produced than in the two preceding
species. Tail-piece comparatively short and stout, with the posterior
edge scarcely sinuated ; anal denticles of uniform size, and about eight
on each side; apical claws perfectly smooth.
Body somewhat less pellucid than in C. reticulata, with a yellowish-
crey tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0-9 mm.
Remarks.—This form also I have been induced to identify with
a well-known European species, viz., C. quadrangulata (Miller),
though it differs somewhat from typical specimens of that species
in the coarser reticulation of the shell and the distinctly denticulate
edges of the valves. Otherwise I have, however, failed to detect any
reliable difference to distinguish it specifically.
Occurrence—Some specimens of this form were reared in one of
my aquaria prepared with mud from the Cape Flats kindly sent to me
by Dr. Purcell.
Distribution —Throughout Europe, Central Asia, Greenland.
15. CERIODAPHNIA DuUBIA, Richard.
(Plate XXXIV, figs. 1, la, b.)
Ceriodaphnia dubia, Richard. Entomostracés recueillis dans le lac
Joba, Sumatra. Ann Mus. Gen. xxxiv, 1895, p. 570, text-figs. 6-8.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, oval in out-
line, with the posterior protuberance rather short and issuing some-
what above the axis of the body. Head less procumbent than in
C. quadrangula, with the frontal part narrowly rounded and distinctly
angular behind. Shell very thin, with the reticulation rather faintly
marked; edges of valves smooth. Eye comparatively large. Anten-
nulae about as in C. reticulata. Tail-piece with the posterior edge
318 Annals of the South African Museum.
quite straight, anal denticles about ten on each side, the outermost
one smaller than the others; apical claws without any secondary
denticles.
Body highly pellucid, with a faint greenish tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0-7 mm.
Remarks.—The present species, established by Dr. Richard, has
a general resemblance to the above-described variety of C. reticulata,
and may, at first sight, easily be confounded with it. On a closer
examination, however, it admits of being clearly distinguished by the
absolute absence of secondary denticles on the caudal claws.
This form developed in great abundance in some of
my aquaria prepared with mud received from Dr. Purcell in the year
1909. The mud was taken from different localities in the neigh bour-
hood of Berevliet.
Distribution.—Sumatra, New Zealand, Australia.
Occurrence.
16. CERIODAPHNIA LATICAUDATA, P. EF. Miiller.
(Plate XXXIV, figs. 2, 2a, b.)
Ceriodaphnia laticaudata, P. E. Miller. Danmarks Cladocerer, 1867,
p. 130, pl. 1, fig. 19.
Syn.: Daphnia reticulata, Baird (not Jurine).
» Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, G. O. Sars (not Miller).
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, rounded
quadrangular in outline, with the posterior protuberance not very
prominent and occasionally considerably above the axis of the body.
Head comparatively small and rather procumbent; frontal part narrowly
rounded, with only a slight trace of angle behind. Reticulation of
shell very conspicuous, edges of valves smooth. Eye of moderate size.
Antennulae somewhat produced, though resembling in structure those
in the preceding species. Tail-piece unusually large and expanded,
almost securiform in shape, the posterior edge forming in the middle a
bold curve; anal denticles ten on each side and nearly equal-sized ;
apical claws perfectly smooth.
Colour of shell yellowish orange, with the enclosed body of a darker
red hue.
Length of shell reaching 0°75 mm.
Remarks.—I have failed to detect any essential differences between
the above-characterised form and typical specimens of (. laticaudata
taken in Norway. The species is particularly distinguished by the
shape of the tail-piece, which is rather unlike that in the other species
here described.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 319
Occurrence.—Some specimens of this form developed in one of
my aquaria, and at once attracted my attention by their bright red
colour and comparatively slow movements. The mud with which the
aquarium was prepared was derived from a small pool in the Cape
Flats, and kindly sent to me by Dr. Purcell.
Distribution —Throughout Europe, Turkestan, Madagascar, Aus-
tralia.
17. CERIODAPHNIA RIGAUDI, Richard.
(Plate XXXIV, figs. 3, 3a, b.)
Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Richard. Sur quelques animaux inférieurs
des eaux douces de Tonkin. Mém. Soe. Zool. de France, t. vii, 1894,
p- 289.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, more or less
rounded in outline, with the posterior protuberance only slightly pro-
duced, and occurring somewhat above the axis of the body. Head
rather procumbent, with the frontal part rounded anteriorly and
produced below to a very conspicuous acuminate rostrum pointing
obliquely downwards. Reticulation of the shell rather coarse, edges
of valves smooth. Eye comparatively large, with very distinct refract-
ing bodies. Antennulae of the usual structure, not nearly extending:
to the end of the rostrum. ‘Tail-piece moderately broad and obliquely
truncated at the end; anal denticles rather thin, six to eight on each
side ; apical claws smooth.
Body semipellucid, with a more or less distinct reddish or orange tinge,
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 0°55 mm.
Remarks.—This form, first described by Dr. Richard, is the smallest
of the known species, and is, moreover, at once recognisable by the
acuminate beak-like projection issuing from the head below. The
form described by the present author from Australia as C. cornuta
is regarded by Dr. Richard as only a variety of the present species.
Occurrence—Numerous specimens of this characteristic form were
reared by me in the year 1895 from the Knysna mud. It also occurred
in an alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from a dam at Faure, near
Cape Town, and kindly sent to me for examination.
Distribution.—Tonkin, Palestine, Sumatra, Ceylon, New Guinea,
Australia.
Gen. 5. MOINA, Baird.
Remarks.—By the rather fully developed and mobile antennulae,
this genus exhibits a certain approach to the next family, the Macro-
thricidae; but the structure of the legs is very different, and on the
22
320 Annals of the South African Museum.
whole built on the same type as in the Daphniidae, to which family
it accordingly ought to be referred. It comprises several species, four
of which belong to the fauna of Cape Colony.
18. Moina macrocopa (Straus).
(Plate XXXV, figs. 1, la.)
Daphnia macrocopa, Straus-Durkheim. Mémoire sur les Daphnia.
Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. v, 1819.
Syn.: Moina paradoxa, Weissman.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace of somewhat varying form,
according to the more or less great distension of the incubatory cavity,
which in some cases causes the dorsal part to be almost globular
in shape; valvular part of carapace comparatively small and
forming behind, at the junction with the dorsal part, an obtuse
protuberance. Head somewhat erect, with the dorsal margin quite
evenly curved, without any supra-ocular depression ; frontal part
rounded off, lower edge of head only very slightly convex at the inser-
tion of the antennulae. Eye of moderate size. Antennulae not much
produced and narrowly fusiform in shape. Tail-piece with the distal
tapering part comparatively short, not nearly half as long as the
proximal part; anal denticles nine on each side, the outermost one, as
usual, bidentate, the others very delicate, lancet-shaped, and finely
ciliated ; apical claws comparatively short and without any distinct
secondary denticles. Ephippium with two egg-ampullae.
Body semipellucid, with a yellow or orange tinge.
Length of shell reaching 1-4 mm.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form, which I believe is that
originally recorded by Straus-Durkheim as Daphnia macrocopa, may
be easily recognised by the quite evenly rounded contour of the head,
the comparatively short fusiform antennulae, and the shape and arma-
ture of the tail-piece. The form recorded by Mr. Gurney from
Kroonstadt as M. bella is scarcely different from the present species.
Occurrence.—Several specimens of this form were reared in my
aquaria prepared with mud partly from Port Elizabeth, partly from
Green Point Common.
Distribution. Europe, central part of Asia, Japan, North America.
19. Morna Tenvicornis, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXXV, figs. 2, 2 a-c.)
Moina tenuicornis, G. O. Sars. Fresh-water Entomostraca from the
neighbourhood of Sydney. Arch. f. Math. u. Naturv. 1896, p. 24, pl. 4.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 321
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace about as in the preceding
species. Head, however, considerably more procumbent, with the
dorsal margin evenly curved throughout, front obtusely rounded,
lower edge strongly protuberant at the insertion of the antennulae.
Eye comparatively larger than in M. macrocopa. Antennulae very
slender and narrow, almost lnear in form. Tail-piece with the distal
part more produced than in the preceding species, being fully half
as long as the proximal one ; anal denticles eleven on each side ; apical
claws each with a series of well-marked secondary denticles at the
base. Ephippium, as in MW. macrocopa, with two egg-ampullae.
Body rather pellucid, with a very faint yellowish tinge.
Length of shell reaching 1-5 mm.
Remarks.—This species, established in the year 1896 by the present
author, is alhed to M. macrocopa but easily distinguishable by the
different shape of the head, the slender and narrow antennulae, and
the more produced tail-piece, the apical claws of which have each
a well-marked row of denticles at the base.
Occurrence.—Some specimens of this form developed in one of my
aquaria prepared with mud taken by Dr. Purcell in the neighbourhood
of Bergvliet.
Distribution Australia, near Sydney.
20. Morna BRACHIATA (Jurine).
(Plate XXXV, figs. 3, 3a, b.)
Monoculus brachiatus, Jurine. Histoire des Monocles, 1820, p. 151,
pl. xu, figs. 3 and 4.
Syn.: Moina rectirostris, Leydig.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace rather large and_ broad,
being in gravid specimens greatly distended dorsally. Head slightly
procumbent, with a well-marked sinus above the ocular region, the
latter narrowly rounded, lower edge of head only shghtly convex
at the insertion of the antennulae. Eye of moderate size. Antennulae
about as in M. macrocopa. Tail-piece conically tapered, with the distal
part more than half as long as the proximal one; anal denticles about
thirteen on each side; apical claws each with a series of well-marked
secondary denticles at the base. Ephippium with only a single ege-
ampulla.
Colour whitish grey, with a slight yellow or violaceous tinge.
Length of shell reaching 1:5 mm.
Remarks.—The present species has generally been recorded by
recent authors under the name M. rectirostris ; but in my opinion this
3
322 Annals of the South African Museum.
name cannot properly be supported, as it not only is a very inappro-
priate one, but, moreover, depends on an erroneous identification of
this form with Miiller’s Daphnia rectirostris, which in reality belongs
to a very different genus (Lathonura). It is here recorded under the
name assigned to this species by some of the earlier authors, and
indeed I am of opinion that it in reality is identical with Jurine’s
Monoculus brachiatus. From the two preceding species it may easily
be distinguished by the rather different shape of the head.
Oceurrence.—I have reared this form both from the mud taken
at Port Elizabeth and from that derived from Green Point Common.
The same species I have recently reared in great abundance from some
parcels of mud taken by Mr. Orjan Olsen from water-holes in the
neighbourhood of the whaling station in Saldanha Bay. It also
occurred in an alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from pools near
the Salt River and kindly sent to me for examination,
Distribution.—Throughout Europe, Central Asia, North America.
21. Morna pustia, Richard.
(Plate XXXV, figs. 4, 4a, 6.)
Mona dubia, Richard. Cladocéres et Copépodes d’eau douce des
environs de Rufisque. Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, 1892, p. 527.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace comparatively small and
never so strongly distended dorsally as in the three preceding species.
Head rather large in proportion to the carapace, with a very distinct
supra-ocular sinus ; front somewhat prominent and narrowly rounded,
lower edge of head strongly convex at the insertion of the antennulae,
with a notch-like sinus behind. Eye comparatively large, with the
refracting bodies very conspicuous. Antennulae of moderate size and
densely ciliated behind. Tail-piece with the distal part scarcely more
than half the length of the proximal one ; anal denticles only seven on
each side; apical claws without any secondary denticles, but finely
ciliated along the concave edge. Ephippium with only a single egg-
ampulla.
Body highly pellucid and nearly colourless.
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 1 mm.
Remarks.—This species, established by Dr. Richard, is nearly allied
to M. brachiata, but of much smaller size and more delicate structure,
differing, moreover, conspicuously in the shape of the head and in the
armature of the tail-piece.
Occurrence.—I have reared this form in great abundance from the
mud kindly forwarded to me in 1909 by Dr. Purcell, and taken near
bo
oo
The Fresh-wuter Entomostraca of Cape Province. By
Bergvliet. Of this mud a great quantity is still in my possession, and,
though it has now remained dry for nearly seven years, T can stall
obtain from it plenty of specimens. The same species also occurred in
an alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from a dam at Faure.
Distribution.—Senegal, central part of Africa, Australia.
Fam. MACROTHRICIDAE.
Gen. 6. ECHINISCA, Lievin.
Remarks.—This genus was established in the year 1848 by Lievin,
to comprise a Macrothricid, which he erroneously identified with
Monoculus roseus, Jurine. The genus was not admitted by subsequent
authors, but was regarded as merely a synonym of the genus Macro-
thriz of Baird, and the form originally described by Litvin has since
by most authors been recorded under the name of Macrothrix rosea
(Jurine), though it in reality does not at all agree with the figure
given by that author. I have had an opportunity of examining the
true Jurinian species, of which specimens have been raised from mud
taken in Algeria, and find it to be a genuine Macrothriz, nearly allied
to M. laticornis, but very different from the form generally recorded
as M. rosea. The difference is indeed so essential that I have felt
justified in restoring Litvin’s genus, at the same time accepting for
the type species the specific name tenuicornis, under which this form
has been recorded by Kurz. The validity of the present genus would
seem to be still more corroborated by the discovery recently of some
forms, which, though evidently specifically distinct, exhibit a close
agreement in all essential characters with the typical species, Heh inisca
tenuicornis (Kurz). Two such species have heen described by the
present author, the one from South America as Macrothrix elegans,
the other from New Zealand as M. Schawinslandi. A third well-
defined species of the present genus belongs to the fauna of Cape
Colony, and will be described below.
22. ECHINISCA CAPENSIS, Nl. Sp.
(Plate XXXVI, figs. 1, 1 a—d.)
Snecific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, broadly
oval in outline, and terminating behind in a blunt, nearly central
protuberance ; dorsal margin much more strongly curved than the
ventral, and quite smooth. Head defined above from the carapace by
a very slight notch-like depression, and produced below to a compara-
324 Annals of the South African Museum.
tively short and blunt rostrum, carrying at the end the antennulae,
and provided on each side with a distinctly prominent arched crest
extending upwards near the dorsal margin; the latter slightly pro-
tuberant in the ocular region ; lower edge of head behind the rostrum
abruptly bulging to form a very conspicuous hump-like protuberance.
Surface of shell apparently quite smooth, without any obvious sculp-
ture; free edges of valves clothed with a double row of strong, spini-
form setae. Eye well developed, with distinctly prominent crystalline
bodies. Ocellus very small and located near the base of the rostrum.
Antennulae nearly straight, sublinear in form, with a row of very small
spinules inside; apical papillae of moderate size. Antennae rather
strongly built, with the proximal setae of lower ramus very coarse and
dark-coloured. Epipodite in all the legs simple, sac-like. Tail-piece
with the extremity conically produced and carrying on the tip the very
small recurved caudal claws ; anal denticles minute, almost hair-like :
upper part of posterior edge nearly straight and very finely serrate
throughout ; caudal setae with the distal joint very short, but clothed
with long diverging hairs.
Male scarcely half as large as female, and having the carapace com-
paratively much smaller, with the dorsal margin straight and termi-
nating in an almost rectangular corner. Head large in proportion to
the carapace, with the protuberance of the lower edge only slightly
indicated. Antennulae very much produced, fully half as long as the
body, and provided anteriorly with two delicate sensory setae, the one
about in the middle, the other nearer the base. First pair of legs, as
usual, each armed at the end with a strong claw. Tail-piece not much
differing in shape from that in female, though having the extremity
somewhat blunter.
Body in female rather pellucid, with a more or less distinct yellowish-
brown tinge, that of male nearly colourless.
Length of female reaching 1-2 mm.
Remarks.—This new species is at once recognised from any of the
other forms belonging to the present genus by the very conspicuous
hump-like protuberance formed by the lower edge of the head behind
the rostrum. It also differs in the simple sac-like shape of the epipo-
dites of the legs.
Occurrence-—! have reared this handsome species in great numbers
both from the mud taken at Port Elizabeth, and from one of the
parcels of mud kindly sent to me in 1909 by Dr. Purcell and taken
from a small dried-up vley on the Cape Flats. It also occurred
rather abundantly in an alcoholic sample taken by that gentleman
from about the same locality, and kindly sent to me for examination.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 325
) 1
Gen. 7. MACROTHRIX, Baird.
Remarks.—In the restriction here adopted, the present genus may
be easily distinguished from the preceding one, to which it bears a
close relationship, by the somewhat different shape of the head, the
rostral part of which is more prominent, and wholly wants the charac-
teristic arched crests in front, present in all the species of Echinisca-
Moreover, the coarser structure of the antennulae and their pronounced
curvature is rather characteristic, as also the short and stout shape of
the tail-piece. Several species of this genus have been discovered
from different parts of the world; but, as above stated, some of these
ought to be transferred to the preceding genus. Two well-defined
species belong to the fauna of Cape Colony and will be described
below.
23. MacroTHRIx PROPINQUA, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXXVI, figs. 2, 2 a—-c.)
Macrothriz propinqua, G. O. Sars. Fresh-water Entomostraca from
South Georgia. Arch. f. Math. u. Naturv. 1909, p. 5, pl. 1.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, oval in out-
line, terminating behind in a short and obtuse protuberance occurring
about in the axis of the body; dorsal margin more or less strongly
arched and quite smooth, lower edges of valves only slightly curved
and exhibiting the usual armature of strong spiniform setae. Head
not defined above by any distinct depression from the carapace, and
having the dorsal margin evenly curved throughout; rostral part
rather prominent and without any trace of lateral crests, lower edge
of head behind the rostrum straight. Surface of shell nearly smooth.
Eye comparatively large; ocellus much smaller and located nearer to
the tip of the rostrum than to the eye. Antennulae rather strongly
built and considerably curved, gradually dilated distally, with about
six transverse rows of delicate spinules inside, projecting from as many
notches of the anterior edge. Antennae of the usual structure. Epi-
podite of last pair of legs scarcely larger than those on the other legs.
Tail-piece short and stout, obtusely truncated at the end, with the
hind edge distinctly sinuated immediately above the anal fissure, anal
denticles about ten on each side, apical claws very small, upper part of
posterior edge shghtly arched and finely denticulate throughout.
Body semipellucid, with a more or less distinct reddish-orange
tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0-95 mm.
326 Annals of the South African Museum.
Remarks.—This form was described by the present author in the
year 1909 from specimens collected in South Georgia. It is very
closely allied to the northern species M. hirsuticornis, Brady, though
differing in some particulars rather conspicuously, especially as
regards the size of the ocellus and its position in relation to the eye.
Occurrence.—The present form was reared in considerable numbers
from the mud kindly forwarded to me in 1909 by Dr. Purcell, and
taken in the neighbourhood of Bergvliet.
Distribution.—South Georgia, Falkland Islands, Australia.
24. MacrorHrix spinosa, King.
(Plate XXXVI, figs. 3, 3a, b.)
Macrothria spinosa, King. On Australian Entomostraca. Papers
and Proc. Roy. Soc., Van Diemen’s Land, vol. ii, pt. 2, 1852, p. 256,
pl. 6.
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, broadly oval
in outline, and terminating behind in a well-marked though short
protuberance occurring about in the axis of the body ; dorsal margin
evenly curved, ventral slightly bulging in front of the middle. Head
of moderate size, with the rostral part comparatively less prominent
than in the preceding species, lower edge behind the rostrum straight.
Surface of shell sculptured, especially towards the dorsal face, with
closely set squamous ridges, giving the upper contours a more or less
conspicuous jagged appearance. Eye comparatively smaller than in
the preceding species ; ocellus extremely minute and located near the
end of the rostrum. Antennulae less strongly built than im the pre-
ceding species, with the spinules of the inner face shorter. Epipodite
of last pair of legs much larger than that of the anterior pairs, forming
an elliptical vesicle, generally covering laterally the end of the tail-
piece. The latter resembling in shape that in M. propinqua, but
comparatively shorter and more rounded at the end, with the anal
denticles fewer in number.
Body rather pellucid with a faint yellowish tinge.
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 0°54 mm.
Remarks.—The present species was established as early as the year
1852 by King, and was redeseribed by the present author in 1888 from
specimens raised out of dried Australian mud. It is easily distinguish-
able from the preceding species by its much smaller size and the
conspicuously squamous sculpture of the shell. The form described
by the present author from South America as M. squamosa is scarcely
different from this species.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 327
Occurrence.—This form also developed in great abundance in some
of my aquaria prepared with mud from the neighbourhood of Berg-
vliet. It was also found occasionally in some of the alcoholic samples
sent to me from the South African Museum.
Distribution.—Australia, South America.
Gen. 8. ILYOCRYPTUS, G. O. Sars.
Remarks.—This peculiar genus differs considerably from the other
genera comprised within the family Macrothricidae, both in general
appearance and in structural details, and should perhaps more properly
be regarded as the type of a separate family. We know of three well-
defined European species, and to these have heen added recently a
limited number of exotic forms more or less closely related to them.
To the fauna of Cape Colony belongs one species, to he described
below.
25. Inyocryptus sorpipvus (Li€vin).
(Plate XX XVII, figs. 1, 1 a-c.)
Acanthocercus sordidus, Lievin. Die Branchiopoden der Danziger
Gegend. N. Schriften d. naturh. gesellsch. in Danzig. vol. iv, 2, 1848,
p. 34, pl. viii, figs. 7-12,
Specific Characters—Female.—Carapace, seen laterally, subtrigonal
in outline, gradually expanding behind, with the posterior and inferior
edges of the valves of about equal length and passing into each other
by a very strong curvature, being throughout fringed with ciliated
setae, dorsal margin only very slightly arched and joining the free
edges of the valves at an obtuse angle; superposed valves varying in
number according to age. Head comparatively small, seen laterally,
triangular in form, and defined above from the carapace by a distinct
depression, fornix rather prominent and terminating in front in an
angular corner ; inferior edge of head straight and horizontal, without
any distinct rostral projection. Eye remote from the front, with only
three or four refracting bodies ; ocellus a little smaller than the eye
and occurring at a short distance behind it. Antennulae distinctly
biarticulate, proximal joint very small, distal joimt long and slender,
linear in form. Antenne short and thick, not adapted for swimming.
Tail-piece large and compressed, conically produced at the tip, and
exhibiting in the middle of the posterior edge a distinct sinus, supra-
anal margin occupying about half the length of the piece and armed
with about ten equal-sized denticles, anal denticles about fourteen pairs,
sub-marginal spines rather slender and somewhat curved, about nine on
328 Annals of the South African Museum.
each side; apical claws slender, each with two hair-like denticles at
the base.
Colour bright red.
Length of shell reaching about 1 mm.
Remarks.—I have failed to detect any reliable difference between
the above-characterised form and typical specimens of 1 sordidus
taken in Norway. It is the first described species, and accordingly
ought to be regarded as the type of the present genus.
Occurrence.—This form developed in great numbers in the bottom-
deposit of some of my aquaria prepared with mud from ‘the neighbour-
hood of Borgvliet. Most of the specimens were covered by a thick
coating of mud so firmly adhering to the shell that it was a matter
of no little difficulty to remove it, in order to get a correct view of the
animal.
Distribution—Throughout Europe, North and South America,
Sumatra, Australia.
Fam. CHYDORIDAE.
Gen. 9. LEYDIGIA, Kurz.
Kemarks.—This genus was established in the year 1874 by Kurz, to
include the peculiar form described by Fischer as Lynceus acanthocer-
coides. Another form belonging to this genus was recorded by
Leydig, but erroneously identified by that author with Lynceus quad-
rangularia Muller. ‘To these two northern forms a few exotic species
have in recent times been added. The genus may be easily recognised
by the broadly expanded, almost trigonal shell, and by the largely
developed caudal piece, which in shape and armature somewhat recalls
that in Ilyoeryptus. Three well-defined species of this genus belong
to the fauna of Cape Colony, two of them being new to science.
26. LEYDIGIA MACRODONTA, nN. sp.
(Plate XX XVII, figs. 2, 2 a, b.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, broadly tri-
angular in outline, and considerably expanded behind, dorsal margin
nearly straight in its posterior part, but anteriorly forming a quite
even curve until the tip of the rostrum ; upper posterior corner well
marked ; hind edges of valves very oblique and almost. straight,
passing into the inferior ones by a very strong curvature. Head
slightly procumbent, with the rostral projection scarcely curved, and
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 329
pointing obliquely downwards. Surface of shell without any obvious
sculpture, lower edges of valves, as usual, densely clothed with delicate,
partly finely ciliated setae. Eye comparatively small; ocellus, on the
other hand, very fully developed, being about three times as large
and triangular in form. Antennulae extending almost to the tip of
the rostrum. ‘Tail-piece large and expanded, with the distal part of
the hind edge, below the anal sinus, gently curved and minutely
ciated, submarginal spines unusually long and slender, about eight
on each side, each of the spines being accompanied above with two
much smaller spinules ; apical claws rather slender and only shghtly
curved, each with a very minute denticle at the base.
Colour bright red.
Length of shell reaching 1-2 mm.
Remarks.—This is a very distinct species, easily recognisable from
the other known forms of the present genus by the quite smooth
shell and by the very long and slender sub-marginal spines of the tail-
piece, the latter character having indeed suggested the specific name
here proposed. It is also of larger size than any of the other species.
Occurrence—This handsome form was reared in considerable
numbers from one of the parcels of mud kindly sent to me by Dr.
Purcell in 1909, and procured from a small pool in the Cape Flats,
alongside the railway line between Retreat and Lakeside. Only
female specimens of this form were observed.
27. LeypIGIA PROPINQUA, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XX XVIII, figs. 1, 1a, b.)
Leydigia propinqua, G. O. Sars. Fresh-water Entomostraca from
China and Sumatra. Arch. f. Math. u. Naturv., 1903, poe ple
figs. 4, Aa.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, broadly tri-
angular in outlie, widening distally, and less obliquely truncated
behind than-in the preceding species; dorsal margin evenly arched
throughout, hind edges of valves with a very conspicuous bulging in the
middle. Head only slightly procumbent, rostral projection compara-
tively short and obtuse. Surface of valves very distinctly sculptured
with somewhat irregular longitudinal striae partly anastomosing with
each other. Hye of moderate size ; ocellus scarcely larger and located
nearly in the middle between the eye and the tip of the rostrum. An-
tennulae scarcely extending as far as the latter. Tail-piece very broad
and expanded, with the distal part of the hind edge boldly curved;
sub-marginal spines less slender than in the preceding species and
330 Annals of the South African Museum.
about eight in number on each side, each of the spines only accom-
panied by a single spinule; apical claws each with an extremely
minute denticle at the base.
Colour reddish-orange.
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 0°9 mim.
Remarks.—This form was described by the present author in both
sexes as early as the year 1895 from specimens raised out of mud
taken at Knysna. It was, however, at that time erroneously identified
with the European species L. acanthocercoides (Fischer), from which
it in reality differs, both in the general outline of the shell and in the
larger size of the eye as compared with the ocellus. The form
recorded by Mr. Gurney from Kroonstad as L. africana is scarcely
different from the present species.
Occurrence.—Besides from the Knysna-mud, I have reared this
form rather abundantly from some of the parcels of mud _ kindly
forwarded to me in 1909 by Dr. Purcell, and taken in the neighbour-
hood of Bergvliet.
Distribution.—Sumatra.
28. LEYDIGIA MICROPS, N. sp.
(Plate XXX VIII, figs. 2, 2 a—d.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, of the usual
broadly triangular form, with the dorsal margin somewhat irregularly
curved; hind edges of valves obliquely arcuate, without any obvious
bulging in the middle. Head comparatively more produced than in
the two preceding species, with the rostral projection acuminate and
shghtly recurved at the end. Surface of valves sculptured with rather
faint longitudinal striae. Eye extremely small, punctiform ; ocellus
well developed, resembling in size and shape that in L. propinqua;
its distance from the eye scarcely more than half that from the tip of
the rostrum. Antennulae not nearly extending as far as the latter.
Tail-piece less expanded than in the two preceding species and
obtusely truncated at the end, hind edge nearly straight and joining
the end edge by a strong curve ; sub-marginal spines rather numerous,
twelve to fourteen on each side, but rapidly diminishing in size proxi-
mally, each spine being accompanied by a somewhat smaller spinule ;
apical claws each with a series of very delicate denticles in their
proximal half.
Male much smaller than female and having the dorsal margin of
the carapace straight. Antennulae much thicker than in female.
First pair of legs each armed with a very strong hook. Tail-piece very
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 3951
unlike that in female, being much narrower and conically tapered
distally, with the end produced in front of the rather small apical
claws into a cylindrical appendage containing the terminal part of
the vasa deferentia; sub-marginal spines fewer in number and
densely crowded below.
Colour of female more or less bright red, that of male much paler.
Length of female reaching 0°86 mm.
Remarks—This new species is especially characterised by the
imperfect development of the eye, which is smaller than in any of the
other species known to me. It may also be easily distinguished from
the two preceding species by the more produced rostrum and by the
shape and armature of the tail-piece.
Occurrence.—Specimens of this form were reared from mud taken
in three different localities, viz. Green Point Common, Klipdam, and
neighbourhood of Bergvliet. Except in the Klipdam mud, it only
occurred very occasionally.
Gen. 10. ALONA, Baird.
Remarks.—The species of this genus may generally be recognised
by the compressed more or less quadrangular shell, the valvular part
of which, as a rule, is sculptured with regular longitudinal striae.
The genus is very rich in species, and is also well represented in the
fauna of Cape Colony, no less than nine different species being dis-
tinguished, four of which are apparently new to science.
29. ALONA AFFINIS (Leydig).
(Plate XX XIX, figs. 1, 1 a.)
Lynceus affinis, Leydig. Naturgeschichte der Daphniden, 1860,
p. 223, pl. ix, figs. 68 and 69.
Syn: Lynceus quadrangularis, Fischer (not Miller).
,, Alona oblonga, P. E. Muller.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oblong oval in
outline and somewhat obliquely truncated behind, dorsal margin
evenly curved throughout, hind edges of valves slightly arcuate, lower
ones nearly straight. Head only slightly procumbent, with the
rostral corner rather prominent and pointing obliquely in front.
Surface of valves sculptured with faint, somewhat distant longitudinal
striae. Eye of moderate size ; ocellus a little smaller, and about twice
as remote from the tip of the rostrum as from the eye. Antennulae
not nearly extending as far as the rostrum. Tail-piece rather strongly
332 Annals of the South African Museum.
built and nearly of uniform width throughout, end truncated, with
the hind corner obtuse-angular ; supra-anal prominence very slight,
infra-anal margin armed with about thirteen pairs of rather coarse
denticles, sub-marginal combs well marked, about twelve on each
side ; apical claws rather strong, each with a coarse denticle at the
base accompanied proximally by a series of small spinules.
Length of the specimen examined, 0-9 mm.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form is unquestionably identical
with the European species A. -affinis (Leydig), agreeing in every
detail exactly with typical specimens taken in Norway. It is one
of the largest species of the genus, and is moreover easily recognised
by the comparatively narrow oblong form of the shell, the rather
produced rostral part, and the structure of the tail-piece.
Occurrence.—A single but well-preserved female specimen of this
form, that here figured, was found in an alcoholic sample taken by
Dr. Purcell from a pond in the Cape Flats, and kindly sent to me for
examination.
Distribution.—Throughout Europe, Central Asia, Siberia, Greenland,
North and South America, Azores.
30. ALONA HARPULARIA, n. sp.
(Plate XXXTX, figs. 2, 2 a.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oval quadrangu-
lar in outline, being almost transversely truncated behind ; dorsal
margin abruptly curved in the cervical region, hind edges of valves
nearly straight, with the upper corner well marked, the lower rounded
off. Head rather procumbent, with the rostral corner less prominent
than in the preceding species. Surface of valves sculptured with
regular, somewhat distant longitudinal striae. Ocellus scarcely
smaller than the eye, and located at about midway between it and the
tip of the rostrum. Antennule nearly extending as far as the latter.
Tail-piece comparatively short and obtusely truncated at the end,
with the hind corner rounded off; supra-anal angle well marked ;
infra-anal margin with about eight pairs of very small denticles, sub-
marginal combs very delicate but distinct, about twelve on each side,
apical claws with the basal denticle rather slender.
Body pellucid with a slight greenish tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0°55 mm.
Remarks.—This form is closely allied to the New Zealand species,
A. eucostata, G. O. Sars, but is of larger size, and moreover differs in
the somewhat more distant and less strongly marked striae of the
Oo
rio)
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 3
valves. The form and armature of the tail-piece is also a little
different.
Occurrence.—Numerous specimens of this form developed in some
of my aquaria prepared with mud from Port Elizabeth.
31. ALONA ARCUATA, 0. sp.
(Plate XXXIX, figs. 3, 3a.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, very broad,
rounded oval in outline, with the dorsal margin boldly arched in the
middle, hind extremity obtusely truncated, with the upper corner
obtuse-angular, the lower rounded off. Head rather procumbent, with
the rostral corner somewhat more prominent than in A. harpularia.
Surface of valves sculptured with rather closely set and somewhat
wavy longitudinal striae, partly anastomosing with each other, and in
the anterior part of the valves crossed by a number of transverse
arcuate striae. Ocellus a little smaller than the eye and somewhat
nearer to it than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae not extending
as far as the latter. Tail-piece resembling in shape somewhat that in
A. harpularia, but comparatively less broad in its distal part, with
the infero-posteal corner less prominent ; supra-anal angle only slightly
produced, infra-anal denticles very small, sub-marginal combs incon-
spicuous ; apical claws about as in the preceding species.
Body pellucid, with a faint yellowish-green tinge.
Length of shell reaching 0°43 mm.
Remarks.—This form looks rather like A. harpularia, and as it was
found together with that species, I at first believed it to be merely
a variety. A closer examination, however, has convinced me that it
in reality is specifically distinct, exhibiting, as it does, some well-
marked differences named in the above diagnosis.
Oceurrence.—Only a few specimens of this form have come under
my notice. They were found in one of my aquaria prepared with mud
from Port Elizabeth.
32. ALONA STRIOLATA, N. sp.
(Plate XX XIX, figs. 4, 4a.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oval quad-
rangular in outline, with the dorsal margin evenly arched, hind
extremity transversely truncated, with the lower corner subangular ;
inferior edges of valves nearly straight. Head somewhat less procum-
bent than in the two preceding species, with the rostral corner rather
prominent. Surface of valves exhibiting an exceedingly dense and
334 Annals of the South African Museum.
delicate striation, the striae also extending on the dorsal surface of the
head. Eye of larger size than in most other species, and provided
with numerous crystalline bodies ; ocellus smaller than the eye, though
well developed, and located much nearer to it than to the tip of the
rostrum. Antennulae not nearly extending as far as the latter. Tail-
piece not much produced and somewhat contracted in its distal part,
supra-anal angle well marked, infra-anal denticles inconspicuous, sub-
marginal combs, however, distinct and about twelve in number on
each side; apical claws moderately strong, but with the basal denticle
comparatively small.
Body of a whitish-grey colour and less pellucid than in the other
species, owing to the dense sculpture of the shell.
Length of shell reaching 0°48 mm.
Remarks.—This is a very distinct species, being at once distinguished
from all the other forms here recorded by the very dense and delicate
striation of the shell. In this respect it approaches somewhat to the
European species A. elegans, Kurz, which, however, in other respects
is rather different. ,
Oceurrence.—Some specimens of this form were reared in one of my
aquaria prepared with mud from Green Point Common, near Cape
Town.
33. ALONA INTERMEDIA, G. O. Sars.
(Plate XXXIX, figs. 5, 5a.)
Alona intermedia, G. O. Sars. Om dei Omegnen af Christiania
forekommende Cladocerer. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forh. f. 1861, p. 3
Specific Characters—Female—Shell, seen laterally, oblong oval in
outline and somewhat widening behind, with the dorsal margin evenly
arched, hind edges of valves somewhat obliquely curved, lower edges
straight. Head not much procumbent, with the rostral corner rather
prominent. Surface of valves sculptured with rather distant and not
very strongly marked longitudinal striae. Eye comparatively small ;
ocellus fully as large, and located a little nearer to it than to the tip of
the rostrum. Antennulae not nearly extending as far as the latter.
Tail-piece of a very characteristic shape, being conspicuously expanded
in its distal part and almost transversely truncated at the end; supra-
anal angle rather prominent ; infra-anal denticles small, but distinct ;
sub-marginal combs unusually coarse, about ten on each side ; apical
claws of moderate size, with the basal denticle rather slender.
Length of shell about 0°47 mm.
Remarks.—This species was established as early as the year 1861 by
the present author, and has subsequently been recorded by several
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 335
other naturalists. It is especially distinguished by the shape and
armature of the caudal piece.
Occurrence.—Two well-preserved female specimens of this form were
found in an alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from a pond in the
Cape Flats, and kindly sent to me for examination.
Distribution.—Norway, Sweden, Finland, South America.
34. ALONA CRASSICAUDA, 0. sp.
(Plate XL, figs. 1, la.)
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oval in outline,
with the dorsal margin quite evenly arched throughout, ventral straight
or slightly concave in the middle, hind extremity obtusely truncated,
with no distinct angle either above or below. Head somewhat procum-
bent, with the rostral corner moderately produced and curved down-
wards. Surface of valves indistinctly striated, exhibiting slight traces
of an irregular reticulation. Ocellus somewhat smaller than the eye,
and located a little nearer to it than to the tip of the rostrum.
Antennulae nearly extending as far as the latter. Tail-piece compara-
tively short, but unusually strongly built, being rather thick at the
base and slightly narrowed towards the extremity, which is transversely
truncated ; supra-anal angle not much prominent, and occurring nearly
in the middle of the piece ; infra-anal denticles rather irregular, the
two or three distal ones on each side much coarser than the others ;
sub-marginal combs well marked, about eight on each side; apical
claws rather coarse, with the basal denticle of moderate size.
Body pellucid, with a slight yellowish-brown tinge.
Length of the specimen examined, 0°48 mm.
Remarks.—I cannot identify the above-characterised form with any
of the known species. The nearest ally seems to be A. cambouci,
Richard; but the form and armature of the tail-piece is rather
different.
Occurrence.—Only a single female specimen of this form has hitherto
come under my notice. It was found in one of my aquaria prepared
with mud taken by Dr. Purcell from an old brick-pond near Bergvlit.
35. ALONA PULCHELLA, King.
(Plate XL, figs. 2, 2a.)
Alona pulchella, King. On Australian Entomostraca. Papers and
Proc. Roy. Soc. Van Diemen’s Land, vol. ii, part ii, 1852, p. 260, pl.
vill b.
25
336 Annals of the South African Museum.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oblong oval in
outline, with the dorsal margin evenly arched, ventral nearly straight,
hind extremity obtusely truncated. Head not much procumbent, with
the rostral corner moderately produced. Surface of valves sculptured
with somewhat distant longitudinal striae, partly anastomosing with
each other. Ocellus smaller than the eye, and located much nearer to
it than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae almost extending
as far as the latter. Tail-piece somewhat produced, with the distal
part comparatively narrow and of uniform width throughout, and
transversely truncated, with the hind corner sub-angular : supra-anal
angle rather slight, and occurring far above the middle of the piece ;
infra-anal denticles well marked, and gradually somewhat increasing
in size distally ; sub-marginal combs about nine on each side ; apical
claws attached to a short conical prominence and rather slender, with
the basal denticle of moderate size.
Length of shell about 0:42 mm.
Kemarks.—This form was recorded as early as the year 1852 by
King, and was subsequently redescribed by the present author from
specimens collected by Dr. Th. Whitelegge in the neighbourhood of
Sydney. It may easily be recognised from any of the species here
recorded by the shape and armature of the tail-piece.
Occurrence.—Some few specimens of this form were found in an
alcoholic sample procured by Dr. Purcell from a dam near Beregvliet,
and kindly sent to me for examination.
Distribution.— Australia.
36. ALONA BUKOBENSIS, Welthner.
(Plate XL, figs. 3, 3a.)
Alona bukobensis, Welthner. Die Cladocerer Ost Africas, 1897, p. 9,
pl. i, figs. 16-18, 20, pl. 2, fig. 32.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oblong quad-
rangular in outline, with the dorsal margin gently arched, ventral
nearly straight, posterior extremity obtusely truncated, with the upper
corner well marked, lower rounded off. Head somewhat procumbent,
with the rostral corner moderately produced and obtuse at the tip.
Surface of valves sculptured with somewhat distant and rather faint
longitudinal striae, in some places anastomosing with each other.
Ocellus almost as large as the eye, and located nearer to it than to the
tip of the rostrum. Antennulae almost extending as far as the latter.
Tail-piece comparatively short, but rather broad and scarcely narrowed
distally, infero-posteal corner evenly rounded off ; supra-anal angle
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province.
slightly prominent and occurring near the middle of the piece ;
marginal denticles very small, sub-marginal combs well marked, about
ten on each side ; apical claws of moderate size, with the basal denticle
rather slender.
Body very pellucid, with a faint yellow tinge.
Length of shell scarcely exceeding 0°35 mm.
Remarks.—I think I am right in identifying the above-characterised
small Alona with the species recorded by Welthner from East Africa.
The description and figures given by that author are certainly rather
unsatisfactory, and it is even possible that several nearly allied species
have been confounded by him; but on the whole I cannot see any
reliable difference, and the measurements of the shell given (0°24—0°35)
agree fairly well with those of the present species, which, indeed, is
by far the smallest of the South African species of Alona.
Occurrence.—This form developed very abundantly in several of my
aquaria prepared with mud partly from Port Elizabeth, partly from
the neighbourhood of Cape Town.
Distribution.— East Africa.
37. ALONA KARUA, King.
(Plate XL, figs. 4, 4a.)
Alona karua, King. L.e. 1852, p. 260, pl. vii d.
Syn.: Alonella karua, G. O. Sars.
, Alona miilleri, Richard.
, Leydigia quadridentata, Brady.
Specific Characters—Female—Shell, seen laterally, irregularly quad-
rangular in outline, with the dorsal margin considerably arched in the
middle, ventral straight in its posterior part, but conspicuously ascend-
ing anteriorly ; posterior extremity somewhat obliquely truncated, with
the upper corner well marked, lower rounded off. Head less procum-
bent than in most other species, with the rostral corner rather prom1-
nent and pointing obliquely forwards. Surface of valves sculptured
with very distinct and somewhat oblique striae, crossed in the anterior
part of the valves by a number of arcuate ridges running parallel
to the anterior edges ; inferior edges, as usual, densely setiferous, and
exhibiting, moreover, just in front of the infero-posteal corner, a row of
three to five small denticles. Ocellus smaller than the eye, and located
much nearer to it than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae not
nearly extending so far as the latter. Tail-piece comparatively short,
but rather broad, widening somewhat distally, with the infra-anal
margin evenly curved throughout ; supra-anal angle very slight, and
338 Annals of the South African Museum.
occurring far above the middle of the piece ; marginal denticles incon-
spicuous, sub-marginal combs, however, well marked, and varying in
number from six to ten on each side; apical claws attached to a
well-marked conical prominence and rather coarse, basal denticle,
however, very small.
Colour dark yellow, or corneous.
Length of shell reaching 0°43 mm.
Remarks.—This form was recorded by King under the above name
at the same time as A. pulchella, and was redescribed in 1888 by the
present author from a specimen raised out of Australian mud. It has
also in recent times been observed by some other authors; but. its
identity has not always been recognised. Thus I have elsewhere
shown that the Alona miilleri of Richard is identical with the present
species, and also the form recently recorded by Brady from the Victoria
Falls under the name of Leydigia quadridentata is unquestionably the
same species. I have formerly referred this form to the genus
Alonella, but am now of opinion that it should more properly be
retained in the genus Alona, as the oblique striation of the anterior
part of the valves is also found in some evidently genuine species
of Alona, for instance, in the above-described A. arcuata.
Occurrence.—This easily recognisable form developed rather abun-
dantly in one of my aquaria prepared with mud taken by Dr. Purcell
from a small grassy vley on the Cape Flats.
Distribution — Australia, South America, Ceylon.
Gen. 11. ALONELLA, G. O. Sars.
Remarks.—This genus was established by the present author in the
year 1862, to include four European species. To these there have been
added in recent times a number of exotic forms, especially from South
America; but some of these are, in reality, so deviating from the
European types as scarcely to be congeneric. To the fauna of Cape
Colony belongs one genuine species of the present genus.
38. ALONELLA Excisa (Fischer).
(Plate XL, figs. 5, 5a.)
Lynceus excisus, Fischer. Bull. Soc. Imp. d. naturalistes de Moscou,
1854, p. 428, pt. i, figs. 11-14.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oval subquad-
rangular in outline, with the dorsal margin evenly arched, the ventral
straight behind and ascending in front, posterior extremity somewhat
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 339
) |
narrowed and transversely truncated, with both the upper and lower
corners distinctly angular. Head only slightly procumbent, and
terminating in a rather prominent rostrum, slightly curved at the end.
Surface of valves sculptured with well-marked, somewhat curved
longitudinal striae, which at regular intervals anastomose with each
other, so as to form a rather conspicuous reticulation, and in the
anterior part are crossed by a number of transverse arcuate ridges ;
posterior edges of valves exhibiting, just above the lower corner, two
or three slight crenulations. Ocellus smaller than the eye, and located
much nearer to it than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae not
nearly extending as far as the latter. Tail-piece rather narrow and
slightly tapered distally, with the infra-anal edge nearly straight
and terminating in an angular corner; supra-anal angle rather promi-
nent, and occurring far above the middle of the piece; marginal
denticles rather small; sub-marginal combs inconspicuous; apical
claws comparatively small, each with two unequal denticles at the base.
Length of shell about 0°37 mm.
Remarks.—The above-characterised form is unquestionably identical
with Fischer’s species, and is distinguished from the nearly-allied
Australian species A. clathratula, G. O. Sars, by a somewhat shorter
and stouter form of the shell, and more particularly by the presence of
distinct crenulations of the hind edges of the valves at the infero-
posteal corners, these crenulations being wholly absent in the former
species.
Occurrence.—Two or three specimens of this form were found in an
alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from a pond in the Cape Flats,
and kindly sent to me for examination.
Distribution Throughout Europe, Siberia, Iceland, Greenland,
North America.
Gen. 12. CHYDORUS, Baird.
Remarks.—The species of this genus may be easily recognised
by the more or less globular shape of the shell. Most of them are so
closely allied that their distinction is attended with no little difficulty .
but there are also among them some more deviating forms, one of
which will be described below.
39. CuHyporus BARROISI (Richard).
(Plate XL, figs. 6, 6a, b.)
Pleurovus barroisi, Richard. Cladoctres recueillis en Syrie et en
Egypte. Revue Biol. du Nord de France, Tome vi, 1893, p. 16.
340 Annals of the South African Museum.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell very tumid, seen laterally
almost circular in outline, with the dorsal margin boldly arched, the
ventral bulging in the middle, but nearly straight behind ; posterior
extremity narrowly truncated. Head rather procumbent, and termin-
ating in a slightly curved acute rostrum ; surface of valves sculptured
in their anterior part, with very distinct curved striae running parallel
to the anterior edges, the posterior part exhibiting a more or less
conspicuous reticulation ; infero-posteal corners armed with a distinct
curved denticle. Ocellus smaller than the eye, and located somewhat
nearer to it than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae comparatively
small. Lower expansion of the labrum securiform and having the
edge divided into four well-marked serrations. Tail-piece with the
distal part rather narrow and incised at the end; supra-anal angle
considerably prominent, and occurring almost in the ‘middle of the
piece; marginal denticles well marked, about ten on each side,
the three posterior pairs more prolonged than the others; apical
claws comparatively short, each with two unequal denticles at the
base.
Colour dark yellowish-grey.
Length of shell about 0°3 mm.
Remarks.—This form was first described by Richard as a species of
the genus Plewrovus; but was subsequently referred by the present
author to the genus Chydorus, to which it evidently bears a much nearer
relationship, though differimg in some points from the more typical
species of that genus.
Occurrence.—The present characteristic form was reared in con-
siderable numbers from the Knysna mud, but did not develop from
any of the other parcels received.
Distribution.—Palestine, South America.
40. CHyporUS LEONARDI, King.
Chydorus leonardi, King. Lc. 1852, p. 258, pl. vii e.
Remarks.—This cosmopolitan species (not figured in the plates)
must also be included in the fauna of Cape Colony, as several speci-
mens were found in two alcoholic samples taken by Dr. Purcell from
ponds in the neighbourhood of Cape Town. The same form also
appeared abundantly in nearly all my aquaria, though an accidental
transfer together with the aquatic plants, which for the sake of
aération of the water were introduced in them, was not excluded. By
most authors this form is regarded as only a small variety of the
common Chydorus sphaericus (Miller).
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 341
Gen. 138. EURYALONA, G. O. Sars.
Remarks.—This genus was established in the year 1901 by the
present author, to include a Chydorus raised out of dried mud from
the Argentine, and named £. occidentalis, its true relation to the
previously described species, Alonopsis colletti, not being at that time
recognised. The genus is chiefly characterised by the broadly expanded
and quite smooth shell, as also by the slender form of the tail-
piece.
41. Euryatona couuerti (G. O. Sars).
(Plate XLI, figs. 1, la, 6.)
Alonopsis colletti, G. QO. Sars. On some South African Entomostraca
raised from dried mud. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter f. 1895, p. 22, pl. 4,
figs. 5-8. .
Syn.: Euryalona occidentalis, G. O. Sars.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, broadly quad-
rangular in outline, with the dorsal margin evenly arched, ventral
slightly flexuose, posterior extremity obtusely truncated, with the
upper corner obtuse-angular, the lower rounded off. Head com-
paratively small and slightly procumbent, with the rostral corner
not much produced and pointing obliquely forward. Surface of
valves smooth, without any obvious sculpture, except a faint concen-
tric dotting near the free edges. Ocellus a little smaller than the eye
and located nearly midway between it and the tip of the rostrum.
Antennulae comparatively small, not nearly extending as far as the
latter. Tail-piece very slender and elongated, slightly tapering distally,
and deeply incised at the end, with the hind corner rather prominent ;
supra-anal angle slight and far remote from the middle; marginal
denticles well developed and equal-sized, sub-marginal combs only
faintly indicated ; apical claws slender and only slightly curved, each
round at the base with a single rather large denticle ; outer part of the
claws quite smooth.
Colour more or less dark yellowish-brown.
Length of shell somewhat exceeding | mm.
Remarks.—I have convinced myself of the complete identity of the
South African and South American forms, and, of course, the specific
name at first proposed ought to be retained for the present species.
The form recorded by Dr. Daday from Ceylon as Alonopsis orientalis
is evidently congeneric, but differs, according to the figures given by
that author, both in the general form of the shell and in the armature
042 Annals of the South African Museum.
of the tail-piece. A third species belonging to this genus has been
added recently by the same author from Paraguay.
Occurrence.—This form was originally described from specimens
reared from dried mud taken at Knysna. It did not develop from any
of the other parcels of mud subsequently received.
Distribution.—South America.
Gey. 14. PLEUROXUS, Baird.
femarks.—The species of this genus are recognised by the more or
less pronounced trigonal form of the shell, and the strongly produced
acuminate rostrum, which admits of being closely appressed to the
anterior part of the valves. About twenty species have been recorded
from different parts of the world, one of them being also represented
in the fauna of Cape Colony.
42. PLEUROXxUS INERMIs, (. O. Sars.
(Plate XLI, figs. 2, 2a, b.)
Plewrovus inermis, G.O. Sars. Fresh-water Entomostraca from the
neighbourhood of Sydney. Arch. f. Math. u. Naturv. 1896, p. 31, pl. 5,
figs. 8, 9.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell, seen laterally, oval trigonal in
outline, with the dorsal margin boldly arched in the middle, ventral
slightly flexuose and protuberant in front of the middle; posterior ex-
tremity somewhat exserted and narrowly truncated, with the upper
corner well marked, the lower obtuse and without any obvious
denticles. Head comparatively short and strongly procumbent, ter-
minating in a long and sharply pointed rostrum, pointing obliquely
backwards. Anterior part of valves sculptured with a number of very
conspicuous arched striae running parallel to the anterior edges ;
posterior part smooth, or with a very faintly indicated reticulation.
Ocellus much smaller than the eye and far remote from the tip of the
rostrum. Antennulae comparatively small, scarcely extending beyond
the middle of the rostrum. Tail-piece of moderate size, with the anal
sinus well marked; distal part slightly narrowed and shallowly
incised at the end; supra-anal angle very shght; marginal denticles
comparatively small, about fifteen pairs ; apical claws rather strong,
each with two unequal denticles at the base.
Length of shell about 0°55 mm.
Remarks.—This form was described under the above name in 1896
by the present author from Australian specimens, It is closely allied
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province. 343
]
to the European species P. aduncus (Jurine), exhibiting a very similar
sculpture of the valves, but is at once distinguished by the absence of
the strong denticles occurring in that species at the infero-posteal
corners of the valves; hence the specific name proposed.
Occurrence.—Several specimens of this form were picked out from
an alcoholic sample taken by Dr. Purcell from a pond in the Cape
Flats and kindly sent to me for examination. It was not reared in any
of my aquaria.
Distribution.—Australia.
Gen. 15. DUNHEVEDIA, King.
Syn.: Crepidocercus, Birge.
Remarks.—This is a very distinct genus, being especially charac-
terised by the tumid shell, the greatly prominent cephalic fornix, and
the peculiar structure of the tail-piece. It contains as yet only a
very limited number of species, one of which is represented in the
fauna of Cape Colony.
43. DUNHEVEDIA cRaAssA, Kine.
(Plate XLI, figs. 3, 3 a—-c.)
Dunhevedia crassa, King. IL.c., 1852, p. 261, pl. vii f.
Specific Characters—Female.—Shell very tumid, seen laterally
irregularly oval in outline, with the dorsal margin boldly arched, the
ventral nearly straight, or slightly flexuose, and forming at the
junction with the anterior edge a broad, somewhat projecting curve,
posterior extremity slightly exserted and narrowly truncated, with the
upper corner well marked, the lower rounded off and armed in front
on each valve with a well-marked, somewhat deflexed denticle. Head
very broad as seen dorsally or ventrally, and somewhat procumbent,
with the rostral corner acute and curved downwards. Surface of
valves smooth, without any obvious sculpture, inferior edges densely
fringed with finely ciliated setae. Eye rather fully developed, with a
number of very conspicuous crystalline bodies projecting in front of
the dark pigment; oceilus much smaller and located a little nearer to
the eye than to the tip of the rostrum. Antennulae not nearly
extending as far as the latter. Lip-plate with the edge quite
smooth. ‘T'ail-piece almost boat-shaped, being abruptly bent at the
base, with the posterior edge bulging in the middle, below the anal
fissure, to form a broadly rounded heel-shaped protuberance ; distal
part of the piece gradually tapering to an obtuse apex, and clothed on
344 Annals of the South African Musewm.
each side and along the straight lower edge with fine hair-like
spinules; apical claws short and strongly curved, each with a well-
marked denticle at the base; supra-anal angle very slight and occur-
ring at a short distance from the base.
Colour more or less dark yellowish-brown.
Length of shell reaching 0°48 mm.
Remarks.—This form was recorded as early as the year 1852 by
King, and was re-described by the present author in 1888 from speci-
mens raised out of dried Australian mud. It is closely allied to
D. setigera (Birge), chiefly differing in the want of any distinct sculp-
ture of the valves. From the likewise closely allied South American
species D. odontoplax it may at once be distinguished by the perfectly
smooth edge of the lip-plate.
Occurrence.—This form developed rather abundantly in some of my
aquaria prepared with mud from Port Elizabeth.
Distribution.—Australia, Ceylon.
3a.
3b.
la.
18.
(345 )
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PraATE XXIX.
Daphnia magna, Straus.
. Adult female, viewed from left side (antennae not fully drawn).
. Rostral part of head (with antennula).
. Tail-piece.
Daphnia dolichocephala, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Rostral part of head, with antennula.
. Tail-piece.
Daphnia hodgsoni, n. sp.
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view (antennae not fully
drawn).
Rostral part of head, with antennula.
Tail-piece.
PLATE XXX.
Daphnia coronata, n. sp.
Ephippial female, lateral view.
. Another female without ephippium, dorsal view.
. Occipital part of head.
Rostral part of head, with antennula.
. Tail-piece.
. Extremity of same, more highly magnified.
. Anterior part of body of an adult male, lateral view (antenna omitted).
Daphnia thomsoni, G. O. Sars.
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view.
. Rostral part of head, with antennula.
. Tail-piece.
. Extremity of same, more highly magnified.
Puate XXXI.
Daphnia propinqua, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
Frontal part of head.
Tail-piece.
346
Annals of the South African Musewm.
Daphnia tenuispina, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Frontal part of head.
26. 'Tail-piece.
Simosa australiensis (Dana).
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view.
. Rostral part of head, with antennula.
. Tail-piece.
Puate XXXII.
Simosa vetuloides (G. O. Sars).
Adult female, lateral view.
. Head of same, more highly magnified.
> sbenale
Simosa capensis (G. O. Sars).
Adult female, lateral view.
. Frontal part of head.
. Tail-piece.
Scapholeberis kingt, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Head of same, more highly magnified (antennae omitted).
. Tail-piece.
Prats X XXIII.
Ceriodaphnia producta, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Head of same, more highly magnified (antennae omitted).
. Tail.
Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine) var. minor, n.
Adult female, lateral view (antennae not fully drawn).
. Frontal part of head.
. Tail-piece.
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Miller), var.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Frontal part of head.
. Tail-piece.
. Posterior protuberance of shell.
. Male antennulae.
Puare XXXIV.
Ceriodaphnia dubia, Richard.
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view.
. Head of same, without the antennae.
5 Atel
Ceriodaphnia laticaudata, P. KE. Miiller.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Frontal part of head.
26. Tail.
3a.
36.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province.
Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Richard.
Adult female, lateral view.
Frontal part of head.
Tail.
PuaTE XXXV.
Moina macrocopa (Straus).
Adult gravid female, lateral view.
_ Avewile
. Ephippium.
Moina tenuicornis, G. O. Sars.
Adult gravid female, lateral view.
. Antennula.
. Tail-piece.
. Extremity of same, more highly maenified.
Moina brachiata (Jurine).
Adult gravid female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
. Extremity of same, more highly magnified.
Moina dubia, Richard.
Adult gravid female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
PGA XCXXGVIL.
Echinisea capensis, n. sp.
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view.
. Frontal part of head.
. Antennula.
. Tail, with epipodite of last leg.
. Adult male, lateral view.
Macrothrix propinqua, G. O. Sars.
Adult female of the earlier venerations, lateral view.
. Antennula.
. Tail with epipodite of last leg.
Macrothrizx spinosa, King.
Adult female of the earlier generations, lateral view.
. Tip of rostrum with antennula.
3b.
Tail with epipodite of last lee.
PuateE XXXVII.
Ilyocryptus sordidus (Liévin).
Adult female, with 5 superposed valves, lateral view.
. Head and adjacent part of carapace (antennae omitted).
1d.
le.
Antenna.
Tail-piece.
347
Annals of the South African Museum.
Leydigia macrodonta, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head.
. Tail-piece.
Prats XXXVIII.
Leydigia propinqua, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head.
. Tail-piece.
Leydigia microps, i. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head.
. Tail-piece.
. Adult male, lateral view.
. Tail-piece of same.
Puate XXXIX.
Alona afinis (Leydig).
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona harpularia, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona arcuata, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona striolata, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona intermedia, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
PuATE XL.
Alona crassicauda, n. sp.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona pulchella, King.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona bukobensis, Welthner.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
Alona karua, King.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Tail-piece.
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province.
Alonella excise (Fischer).
Adult female, lateral view.
1. Tail-piece.
Chydorus barroisi (Richard).
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head, with adjoining part of valve.
. Tail-piece.
PuatE XLI.
Euryalona colletti (G. O. Sars).
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head, with adjoining part of valve.
. Tail-piece.
Pleurozus inermis, G. O. Sars.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Inferior part of head, with adjoining part of carapace.
. Tail-piece.
Dunhevedia crassa, King.
Adult female, lateral view.
. Same, ventral view.
. Inferior part of head, with adjoining part of valve.
. Tail-piece.
349
Acanthocercus
affinis (Alona)
affinis (Lynceus) .
Alona .
Alonella
Alonopsis
arcuata (Alona)
australiensis (Daphnia)
australiensis (Simocephalus)
australiensis (Simosa)
B
barroisi (Chydorus)
barroisi (Plewrowus)
brachiata (Moina)
brachiatus (Monoculus)
bukobensis (Alona)
Cc
capensis (Hchinisca)
capensis (Simocephalus )
capensis (Simosa)
Ceriodaphnia :
CHYDORIDAE .
Chydorus
colletti (Alonopsis)
colletti (Euryalona)
coronata (Daphnia)
crassa (Dunhevedia)
crassicauda (Alona)
Crepidocercus
D
Daphnia
DAPHNIIDAE ;
dolichocephala (Daphnia)
dubia (Ceriodaphnia) .
dubia (Moina)
Dunhevedia
(Cayxai0) ))
INDEX
19)
PAGE PAGE
327 EKchinisca 323
331 Euryalona 341
331 excisa (Alonella) 338
331 eacisus (Lynceus) . 338
338
341
333 ce
311,312 harpularia (Alona) 3382
312 hodgsoni (Daphnia) 307
311
I
Ilyocryptus 327
339 | inermis (Pleuroxus) 342
339 ~=—s intermedia (Alona) 334
321
321 K
B88 karua (Alona) 337
karua (Alonella) . : 337
kingi (Scapholeberis) . 314
323
3138 L
"815 laticaudata (Ceriodaphnia) 318
ae leonardi (Chydorus) 340
304, 828 Teydigia 323
9339 yas a
341
341 M
308 macrocopa (Daphnia) . 320
343 macrocopa (Moina) 320
335 macrodonta (Leydigia) : . 3828
343, MACROTHRICIDAE 304, 319, 323
Macrothrix . 825
magna (Daphnia) 305
microps (Leydigia) 330
. 804 minor (Ceriodaphnia reticulata
304, 320 var.) 316
306, 807 Moina . : > oly
317 Monoculus 316, 321, 323
322. mucronata (Daphnia) . 314
343 = miilleri (Alona) 337
The Fresh-water Entomostraca of Cape Province.
O
oblonga (Alona) . :
occidentalis (Euryalona)
1?
paradoxa (Moina)
Pleuroxus .
producta (Ceriodaphnia)
propinqua (Daphnia) .
propinqua (Leydigia) .
propinqua (Macrothrix)
pulchella (Alona)
Q
quadrangula (Ceriodaphnia)
quadrangula (Ceriodaphnia)
quadrangula (Daphnia)
quadrangularis (Lynceus) .
quadridentata (Leydigia)
R
rectirostris (Moina)
reticulata (Ceriodaphnia) .
PAGE
331
341
320
342
315
309
329
325
385
317
318
317
331
337
321
316
24
reticulata (Daphnia) .
reticulatus (Monoculus)
rigaudi (Ceriodaphnia)
Ss
Scapholeberis
schaefferi (Daphnia)
similis (Daphnia)
Simocephalus
Simosa
sordidus (Acanthocercus)
sordidus (Ilyocryptus)
spinosa (Macrothrix) .
striolata (Alona)
i
tenuicornis (Moina)
tenuispina (Daphnia) .
thomsoni (Daphnia)
Vv
vetuloides (Simocephalus)
vetuloides (Simosa)
Plate XXIX.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV:
Adlard & West Newman.
G O. Sars d.l.
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
ee De -_ _ i 1 Fe a
Plate XXX.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Wrole=XcV-
= SS SS SSSEESSSSSSS ST
ie i
j i
4
SSS ne
SS
—
SN
ee ee oe
—
ae
2b.
vo a "
¢
Ri.
es)
Se
as COT
\s
Adlard § West Newman.
O. Sars del.
G.
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV.
G. O. Sars del.
SoutH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
Plate XXXT.
Adlard & West Newman.
bY,
»
‘
=
y
Plate rNexexelie
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV.
Adlard & West Newman.
G. O. Sars del.
2ouTH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
i
Plate X XXIII.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV.
Adlard & West Newman.
G. O. Sars del,
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
o
+
oe
Madise
Plate XOOIVe
‘Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV.
Adlard 4 West Newman.
G. O, Sars del,
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV. Plate XX XV.
Adlard & West Newman.
G. O. Sars del.
SoutH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
"
'
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV Plate XXoeVile
r
Ls ey
G. O. Sars del.
Adlard & West Newman.
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRAGA.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV. Plate sxoxexeveule
G.O. Sars del. Adlard § West Newman.
SoutH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
lias
Plate XX XVIII.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. YWol. XV.
Adlard & West Newman.
G. O,. Sars dei.
Sourtn Arrican ENTOMOSTRACA.
u . ,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV. Plate X XXX EX
i ae “OE a
yey
ee ae
pes
G. O. Sars del. Adlard & West Newman,
SourH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
Py
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV. Plate XL.
— - ¢ i ¢ x
see
bee
G. O, Sars del. Adlard § West Newman.
SoutH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
i
_Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XV. Plate oe
G. O. Sars del. Adlurd & West Newman.
SourtH AFRICAN ENTOMOSTRACA.
-
(353)
5.—On some South African Ichneumonidae in the Collection of the
South African Musewm—By CuaupE Morty, F.ES., F.Z.S.,
etc. Author of Ichneumonologia Britannica, A Revision of
the Ichneumonidae, ete. Part I.
THERE has recently been forwarded to me from the South African
Museum a small collection of Ichneumonidae for determination and
description. It consists of 156 specimens, distributed as follows
among the five subfamilies of these parasitic Hymenoptera : Ichneu-
moninae, 32 specimens, comprising 23 species, of which 4 were already
described ; Cryptinae, 32 specimens, comprising 19 species, of which
5 were described ; Pimplinae, 29 specimens, comprising 19 species, of
which 12 were already described ; Tryphoninae, 9 specimens, comprising
7 species, of which 5 were already described ; and Ophioninae, 34
specimens, comprising 19 species, of which 11 were already described :
giving the total of 87 species, of which no more than 37 had previously
been known, and several of these from Europe only. These have all
been compared by Dr. L. Péringuey with the types of 92 South
African species in that Museum, described by Peter Cameron, and
found by the former to be distinct.
I am not aware that anything in the form of a bibliography of the
African Ichneumonidae has yet been attempted ; and it may be well to
here indicate where students of these insects should turn for descrip-
tions of their captures. This is in so scattered a form that the follow-
ing must be regarded as no more than the works entering my head as
I write. First, in the 4th volume of Lepeletier’s general work on
Exotic Hymenoptera, Histoire naturelle des Insectes, Hyménoptéres,
we have a good many species superficially sketched by Brullé in 1846;
Lucas added others in his Exploration Scientifique de l’Algerie,
Zoologie, in the same year. Guérin Méneville extended our know-
ledge in Lefébre’s Voyage en Abyssinie in 1848. Next Holmgren
brought forward several kinds in his general account, Eugenies Resa
Insect. of 1868; and Dr. Taschenberg described several Ophionides in
Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1875, p. 4386. Fred. Smith added others in the
25
354 Annals of the South African Museum.
Rodriguez Expedition in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1876, p. 449; and Saussure
beautifully figured several plates of them, but with no description, in
Grandidier’s Histoire de Madagascar in 1890. Saussure also added a
few kinds in Distant’s Naturalist in the Transvaal in 1892. Kriech-
baumer described some collected by Dr. Brauns in Berl. Ent. Zeit.
1894, p. 30, ete. ; cf. also Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901 for more by the same
author. M.]’Abbé Berthoumieu published others from northern Africa
in Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais in 1894, p. 181, and W. F. Kirby
from the Congo in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1896, p. 257. Prof. Krieger
brought forward others in Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1894, p. 304, and Sitz. Nat.
Ges. Leipzig, 1899, p. 118. Jacob added something in Revue Russe
d’Entomologie, 1907, p. 7. We have several somewhat indifferently
described species by Szépligeti in Ann. Mus. Nation. Hungarie, 1903
and 1905 ; in the Bull. Mus. Paris, 1907, p. 189; and in his account of
the material collection by Sjéstedt’s Kilimanjaro-Meru Expedition ui, 8,
1910. Other works are Gribodo Anni Museo Civico Genova, 1879,
p. 345; du Buysson in Annales Société Entomologique France, 1897,
p. 352; Cameron in Records of Albany Museum, 1904, p. 146, and
1905 ; Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1905, p. 343; Trans. 8. African Phil. Soc.
1905, and 1906; Annals S. African Museum, 1906, pp. 81-182 et
1907, pp. 203-225, and Trans. Linn. Soc. 1907, p. 80; Schulz has
added a little in Spolia Hym. 1906, and Zool. Annalen of 1911. Mr.
S. A. Neave has recently collected somewhat extensively in Central
Africa, and much of his material, along with Mr. W. L. Distant’s
collection from the Transvaal and other material in the British
Museum, has been monographed by me in the four parts of Revision
of the Ichneumonidae during 1912-15; and I also worked out Scott’s
material from the Seychelles Islands in the Proc. Linn. Soe. in 1912,
ii. p. 169. But the only account of considerable extent on the subject
is Dr. J. Tosquinet’s “ Ichneumonides d’Afrique” i Mémoires Soe.
Ent. Belgique, 1896, pp. 1-480: a complex work.
The types of the new species are, unless otherwise mentioned, in the
South African Museum at Cape Town.
In the descriptions I have attempted to give a superficial idea of the
facies in the first few words.
CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE.
ICHNEUMONIDAE. IscHnogoppa, Krch.
ICHNEUMONINAE. luteator, Fab.
Joppides. extremitas, sp. n.
Evsoppa, Szépl. XANTHOJOPPA, Cam.
didymata, sp. n. inermis, sp. 0.
On some South African Ichneumonidae. 305
Listrodromides. Hemitelini.
Neoryeus, Forst. HEMITELES, Grav.
conflatus, sp. n. Alecto, sp. n.
ANISOBAS, Wesm. Cryptides.
pebniay Sp. 2: Mesostenini.
Ichnewmonides. GorypuHus, Holmer.
trisuleatus, sp. n.
bisulcatus, sp. n.
basalis, sp. n.
Oxypygini.
Bystra, Cam.
quadrata, sp. n.
Evpatamus, Wesm.
convexius, sp. n.
MELANICHNEUMON, Th.
pulcber, sp. n.
rufator, sp. n.
BaRICHNEUMON, Th.
grandis, sp. n.
CuHasmias, Ashm.
glaucopterus, sp. n.
evanescens, sp. n.
testaceus, sp. n.
ListrRoGNATHUS, Teck.
transversus, sp. 0.
STENARAEvS, Thoms.
lissonotus, var. nigripes, var. n.
Srusina, Cameron.
variegata, sp. n.
Cryptini.
Amblypygini. OsPRHYNCHOTUS, Spin.
niger, sp. n.
StTicrocryptus, Cam.
petiolaris, sp. n.
octonarius, sp. n.
Erua, Cameron.
castanea, sp. n.
Cryptus, Fab.
xanthopus, Brullé.
blanditus, Tosq.
scurrilis, 'Tosq.
CTENICHNEUMON, Th.
brevis, sp. n.
AMBLYTELES, Wesm.
auxifer, Tosq.
tuberculata, sp. n.
Platyurini.
Evuryiasus, Wesm.
cyanocroceus, sp. 0.
PratyLasus, Wesm.
rufescens, sp. n.
pulchellus, sp. n.
miniatulus, sp. n.
videndus, sp. n.
magnificus, sp. n.
vallatus, sp. n.
PIMPLINAE.
CTENOCHARES, Forst.
blandita, Tosq. Xoridides.
testacea, Szépl. GABUNIA, Kriech.
thyridiens, sp. n. Bardo, sp. n.
XyYLONOMUS, Grav.
CRYPTINAE. unifasciatus, sp. n.
Phygadeuonides. Acaenitides.
Phygadeuonini. AcaEnitvs, Latr.
PHYGADEUON, Gray. bivittatus, sp. n.
bitinctus, Gmel. CTENOTOMA, Cam.
exiguus, Grav. ruficeps, Cam.
306 Annals of the South African Museum.
Echthromorphides.
EcuTrHromorPHA, Hlmer.
variegata, Brullé.
Pimplides.
Pimpua, Fab.
spiloaspis, Cam.
crocata, Tosq.
bistricta, sp. n.
melanospila, Cam.
heliophila, Cam.
PorcttoprmeLa, Morl.
testacea, sp. n.
THERontiA, Hlmer.
trivittata, Krieg.
lucida, Tosq.
HEMIPIMPLA, Saus.
bifasciata, Morl.
divisa, 'Tosq.
PHILOPSYCHE, Cam.
abdominals, sp. n.
SJOSTEDTIELLA, Szepl.
nigripectus, Brullé.
Lissonotides.
Lissonora, Grav.
Halidayi, Holmer.
CRYPTOPIMPLA, Tasch.
rubrithorax, sp. n.
Banchides.
EXETASTES, Grav.
annulator, sp. n.
TRYPHONINAE.
Metopiides.
Meroprtius, Panz.
hilaris, Tosq.
lugubris, Tosq.
albipictus, Tosq.
apophua, sp. n.
Bassides.
Bassus, Fab.
laetatorius, Fab.
Homocipus, Morl.
lineipes, sp. Nn.
Exochides.
Pouycuistus, Forst.
femoralis, Foure.
OPHIONINAE.
Ophionides.
AtLocamptus, Thoms.
africanus, Morl.
Norotracuys, Marsh.
foliator, Fab.
Anomalides.
AGRYPON, Forst.
xanthomelas, Brullé.
TricHomma, Wesm.
cariniscutum, Cam.
Paniscides.
Paniscus, Schr.
testaceus, Grav.
radialis, sp. n.
Cremastides.
CREMASTUS, Grav.
pestifer, Morl.
Campoplegides.
Cuarops, Holmer.
spinitarsis, Cam.
cariniceps, Cam.
CAMPOPLEX, Grav.
juventas, sp. n.
Cymopusa, Holmer.
flavipes, Brisch.
CastnarRiA, Holmer.
moesta, Grav.
Nemeritis, Holmer.
canescens, Grav.
PuHosocampa, Thoms.
strigipes, sp. n.
Omoraa, Thoms.
sordicincta, sp. n.
exareolata, sp. n.
CaLuipora, Thoms.
costulata, sp. n.
Nepiera, Thoms.
concinna, Holmer.
Anair1a, Thoms.
claripennis, ‘Thoms.
On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 357
Famity ICHNEUMONIDAE.
Susramity ICHNKEUMONINAK.
Trize JOPPIDES.
A monograph of this Tribe has recently appeared in my Revision,
part iv, published by the British Museum in 1915. In it is enumerated
the genus
EUJOPPA, Szepl.
Term. Fiiz. 1900, p. 282.
Essential Characters.—A bdomen parallel-sided, narrower than thorax ;
second segment elongate. Labrum concealed beneath clypeus. Meso-
notum evenly punctate; clypeus not apically produced, nor colour
metallic. Segments both aciculate and laterally angularly produced ;
flagellum of 2 centrally dilated and of g serrate. A single species
of this genus only has hitherto been described, and that from Brazil ;
but the following fills all the necessary characters and may well find a
position therein.
EvusoppaA DIDYMATA, Sp. nov.
g only. A dull, pale flavous species with only the mandibular
apices, ocellar region quadrately, antennae except underside of scape,
mesonotum except two discal vittae, a lateral frenal mark, the external
and dentiparal areae both before and beyond the costulae, and whole
of the hind tibiae and tarsi, black; stigma fulvous. Face coarsely
punctate, centrally elevated and not discreted from the laterally elevated
and centrally foveate clypeus; frons and vertex glabrous, with a sight
central tubercle above the scrobes. Antennae gradually attenuate
throughout, serrate and slightly shorter than the body. Thorax
sparsely and not finely punctate, shining; areola hexagonal, strong
and distinctly longer than broad; basal sulcus and costulae strong ;
dentiparal areae trans-strigose and apophyses wanting. Scutellum
strongly convex, glittering and sparsely punctate, with somewhat broad
lateral carina almost to its apex. Abdomen parallel-sided and im-
maculate, with the three basal segments aciculate ; postpetiole abruptly
explanate and laterally subelevated, with no discal carinae; gastrocoeli
large and deeply impressed, as broad as the intervening space ; valvulae
exserted and not large. Legs normal and not elongate, immaculate
with the anterior tarsi subinfuseate and both the hind tibiae and tarsi,
as well as their strong calcaria, dead black. Wings fulvescent hyaline
358 Annals of the South African Museum.
and not infumate ; upper basal nervure postfurcal ; areolet pentagonal
and not large, emitting the angled and bifenestrate recurrent nervure
from but slightly beyond its centre; nervellus postfurcal and straight,
intercepted at its lower third. Length, 12 mm.
The type was captured at Bulwar in Natal by W. Haygarth.
ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriechb.
Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 32.
IscHNOJOPPA LUTEATOR, Fab.
Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, p. 222.
In the same monograph, I have referred to this species’ occurrence
in Asia, Africa, Australia, and its erroneous record from Europe. It
is known throughout Central Africa; but none were hitherto captured
so far south as the following typical example.
One ? at Mfongosi, in Zulu Land, by W. E. Jones.
ISCHNOJOPPA EXTREMITAS, Sp. NOV.
¢d only. A slender, clear testaceous species with the head except
mandibles and palpi and clypeal margin, antennae except underside
of scape, and the anus from base of the fifth segment, dead black ;
flagellum discally white-banded beyond its centre; and the wings
fulvescent with stigma luteous. In structure it differs hardly at all
from I. luteator: the face is shorter, the hind coxae are distinctly
more sparsely punctate below, the eyes a little less prominent ; and
the wings are narrower, with the discoidal cell a little longer and
narrower, and the radial distinctly narrower with the apical radial
abscissa straighter. It is, however, abundantly distinct in its im-
maculate legs, black head and pale-banded antennae. Length, 12 mm.
No nearer locality than South Africa is assigned the type.
XANTHOJOPPA, Cam.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vii, 1901, p. 378.
Essential Characters.—Metanotal areolar carinae entirely wanting ;
wings not hyaline; species testaceous. Apophyses distinct; scutellum
not strongly convex; areolet pentagonal and of normal size. Flagellum
of 2 more or less strongly dilated and of ¢ serrate. Segments but
little discreted, neither angularly produced nor aciculate.
XANTHOJOPPA INERMIS, sp. Nov.
? only. A dull and testaceous species with the head except discally,
thorax except mesonotum, and the scutellum, flavidous. Flagellum
On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 359
except its six pure white central joints, extreme mandibular apices,
ocellar region circularly, terebra and hind onychii, black. Remainder
of hind tarsal joints and apices of their tibiae infuscate. Wings
fulvescent hyaline, with nervures black and stigma luteous. Petiolar
area not transversely reticulate. Length, 10mm. From the six
described species of this genus, of which all are from India, the present
differs in its obsolete apophyses, subfiliform antennae which are slightly
explanate beyond their centre and apically attenuate, in its superficial
gastrocoeli which are not elongate, its mainly testaceous hind legs and
pale stigma. It most closely approaches X. latebalteata, Cam. Ann.
Nat. Hist. xx, 1907, p. 186, which has broad black thoracic and abdo-
minal markings, with transversely reticulate petiolar area.
The type was captured at Hast London during July, 1914, by
R. M. Lightfoot.
Tripe LISTRODROMIDES.
NEOTYPUS, Forst.
Ver. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 194.
NEOTYPUS CONFLATUS, Sp. NOV.
9 only. A squat, convex, dull brick-red species with small white
markings. Head as broad as thorax and posteriorly as broad as the
eyes; occiput shining and subglabrous, frons finely punctate, its white
orbits elevated and higher than eyes, with scrobes large and glittering ;
face convex, closely and evenly punctate, continuous with the stout
clypeus ; cheeks elongate and buccate, labrum exserted; mandibles
very stout with their subequal teeth black and their base, with an
external orbital dot, white. Antennae stout, short and immaculate,
not extending beyond thorax. Thorax very stout and as long as
abdomen, deeply and not very closely punctate, white-pilose ; notauli
wanting ; anteradical callosity and subradical line white, mesosternum
basally black; petiolar area deeply impressed and occupying three-
fourths of metanotum; areola small and twice as broad as long,
costulae entire, external area narrower than the dentiparal ; spiracles
oval, apophyses wanting. Scutellum sparsely punctate, shining and
margined throughout; postscutellum white. Abdomen broadly ovate
with the black fourth and broadly white-margined following segments
small; basal segment sparsely punctate, its glabrous apex white and
petiole elongate ; second and the nigrescent third segments broader
than long, deeply punctate, the former with strong basal gastrocoeli
‘
360 Annals of the South African Museum.
and white apical angles; terebra exserted, black and apically pale ;
hypopygium large and apically acuminate. Legs short and somewhat
stout; calearia, all the coxae except base of hind ones, apices of anterior
femora and inner side of their tibiae, pure white; tarsal claws strongly
pectinate. Wings small and broad, hyaline with stigma and nervures
black ; lower basal nervure antefurcal, areolet subquadrate. Length,
8mm. A very typical species of this distinct genus.
Captured at Chinde in Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa, by
k. H. Barnard, during November, 1912.
ANISOBAS, Wesm.
Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 111.
ANISOBAS RABULA, Sp. NOV.
? only. A somewhat bright red species with the black antennae,
abdomen and legs all white-marked. Head posteriorly, mandibles at
both extremities and apex of clypeus black ; orbits not white-marked.
Seape red-dotted beneath, and a central flagellar band white. Thorax
with small anteradical white callosity, and the whole sternum black ;
postscutellum red. Abdomen black with apical angles of two basal
segments, and the anus, white-marked ; postpetiole glabrous with only
a row of punctures before its apex ; hypopygium covering terebral base
but not apically produced. Legs black with only apices of front femora
and the inner side of the anterior tibiae, with all calearia, white; claws
not pectinate. Wings slightly but distinctly infumate. Length, 7 mm.
The position of the Listrodromides, and their very right to Tribal rank,
are yet uncertain: this species, compared with the last, goes some way
to uphold Prof. Thomson’s view (Opuse. Ent. xix, p. 2099) that the
genera Listrodromus and Neotypus which have pectinate tarsal claws,
and Anisobas which has not, form a small and compact group among
the Amblypygini, sharing the following characters in common: Clypeus
not discreted, its lateral foveae obsolete; genal costa continuous ;
antennae inserted high on frons, with scapes not further from each
other than from the eyes; metanotal costulae entire, the dentiparal
area externally arcuate; tibiae submutic, the hind ones hardly longer
than their femora; lower basal nervure oblique, antefurcal and pretty
well straight. The above two species possess all these characters
and, indeed, differ inter se only in the features indicated under the
latter.
The type was captured at Stellenbosch, Cape Colony, by R. M.
Lightfoot, during September, 1913.
On some South African Ichneumonidae. 361
Tring ICHNEUMONIDES.
SustrisE OXYPYGINI.
BYSTRA, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist. ix, 1902, p. 149.
Generic Characters.—Head with the occiput obtusely margined, the
cheeks strongly buccate, the labrum exserted and upper mandibular
tooth the longer. Antennae stout and, beyond their centre, strongly
compresso-dilated ; basal flagellar joints but little longer than broad.
Metathorax with complete areae and linear spiracles, its apex sub-
vertically declivous; areola subcrescentic or hexagonal, basally not
curved. Scutellum deplanate, laterally and apically carinate. Abdomen
with only seven visible discal segments; ventral segments two to four,
and base of the fifth, plicate ; terebra not strongly exserted. Tibiae
and tarsi spinulose. Areolet pentagonal ; basal nervure continuous
through median ; nervelet more or less distinct. I here give a revised
account of this genus since, upon examining the genotype, from India,
T found several of Cameron’s characters quite erroneous and these are
rectified above. The genus is excluded from the Joppides only by its
lack of basal metanotal sulcus. One species alone has hitherto been
known.
BysTRA QUADRATA, Sp. NOV.
? only. A rufescent-testaceous species, finely punctate and some-
what dull with the anus glittering; pleurae, sternum and coxae
subflavescent. Face, clypeus, cheeks, all the orbits broadly, and the
eighth to sixteenth flagellar joints, white; costa, mandibular apices
and remainder of flagellum, alone black. Face deeply and not very
closely punctate ; lateral clypeal foveae large ; whole dise of thorax
very closely and finely punctate, with notauli obsolete and the petiolar
area both discreted and shagreened; metanotal areae entire and strong,
with areola hexagonal, basally truncate and hardly longer than broad.
Abdomen a little narrower than thorax; petiole slender, not short, and
half breadth of postpetiole, which is convex and finely shagreened with
no carinae nor punctures ; gastrocoeli small and lateral; second and
third segments evenly and very finely punctate, dull with apex of the
latter and whole of remaining segments glabrous and nitidulous ;
hypopygium not extending to base of the black and hardly exserted
terebra. Legs normal and not slender; hind coxae obsoletely punctate
and not scopuliferous, their tibiae a little curved. Areolet pentagonal,
362 Annals of the South African Museum.
laterally not quite coalescent above, emitting recurrent nervure from
its centre. Length, 14 mm.
The type and co-type were taken at Salisbury, in Southern Rhodesia,
during 1915 by D. Dodds, and at Salisbury in September, 1913.
EUPALAMUS, Wesm.
Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 13.
This originally ill-differentiated genus is well characterised by Prof.
Thomson (Ann. Soc. France, 1886, p. 11): Cheeks always quite short
and in 2 sub-buceate, mandibles stout and clypeus apically truncate
with labrum distinctly exserted ; face short and the confluent antennal
scrobes large and glittering; vertex not broad. Flagellum of
centrally dilated, in g its seventh to fifteenth joints with elevated
carinae. Areola longer than broad, and coxal area distinct ; scutellum
not transverse. Petiole gently and equally curved throughout ; post-
petiole not aciculate, somewhat smooth or rugulose, with its central
area twice as broad as the lateral ones ; gastrocoeli small and sub-
rugulose, thyridi far from base and not large. Posterior tibiae and
femora stout. Thorax and abdomen somewhat deplanate.
EUPALAMUS CONVEXIUS, sp. NOV.
? only. A stout and dull black species with the palpi, a central
flagellar band, and inner side of the front tibiae, white; face, cheeks,
frontal orbits, underside of scape, a broad anteradical line, small
callosities below radices, a discal mesonotal mark and whole of both
the scutellum and postscutellum, sanguineous-red (perhaps stramineous
in nature); front tarsi infuscate. Head posteriorly not broad; face
closely and coarsely, frons closely and evenly, punctate; antennae
abruptly attenuate at extreme apices, with the penultimate joimt and
that preceding it (perhaps accidentally) deeply excavate. Thorax with
no notauli; metanotal costulae strong; areola elongate, subglabrous,
nitidulous and but indefinitely separated from the strongly punctate,
pilose and strongly discreted petiolar area. Scutellum large, strongly
convex, glittering and very conspicuous. Abdomen fusiform and
immaculate with the petiole narrow and postpetiole abruptly explanate,
finely rugulose, with prominent spiracles. Legs normal and coxae
simple; wings broad and a little clouded; costa, stigma and nervures
black; lower basal nervure but slightly postfurcal; areolet pentagonal,
not coalescent above, emitting recurrent subcentrally. Length, 13 mm.
The type occurred at Bulwer in Natal during 1914 to W. Hay-
garth.
(ou)
[op)
w
On some South African Ichneumonidae.
MELANICHNEUMON, Thoms.
Opusc. Ent. xviii, 1893, p. 1954.
MELANICHNEUMON PULCHER, Sp. NOV.
9 only. A black and red species, with white markings. Black
with the mandibles, clypeus, propleural dot before radices, meso-pleurae
and -notum, frenum, scutellum, and the anterior legs, except basally,
sanguineous red; palpi, frontal dots, eight central flagellar joints,
postscutellum apically, apical lateral angles of the three basal
segments and whole disc of the 6th and 7th, white. Face closely and
strongly punctate, hardly discreted from the apically truncate clypeus,
fourth to sixth flagellar joints moniliform and the central ones explanate.
Thorax closely punctate and shining, metanotal areae entire, the
lateral rugulose ; areola subparallel-sided, glabrous and extending to
base, petiolar area subvertical, hardly discreted and roughly sculp-
tured, scutellum deplanate and not margined. Abdomen fusiform
and dull, becoming gradually more nitidulous from the fourth segment,
postpetiole broad and closely punctate, gastrocoeli transverse and
deeply impressed. Legs normal and not slender. Wings broad with
the costa and nervures infuseate, stigma castaneous ; areolet pentagonal.
Length 12mm. Allied to M. saturatorius, Linn., but stouter with the
flagellum much more incrassate, in colouration it resembles Neotypus
lapidator, Fab.
Type and co-type were taken at Potchefstroom in the Transvaal
by T. Ayres.
MELANICHNEUMON RUFATOR, Sp. NOV.
? only. Brick-red, even to the mandibles and terebra, with only
the posterior coxae infuscate ; the orbits indefinitely and a central
flagellar band paler and sometimes whitish. Head narrow behind the
eyes, face evenly punctate, centrally elevated and hardly discreted
from the apically truncate clypeus; antennae subfiliform and not
apically attenuate nor centrally explanate. Thorax finely and evenly
punctate, with metanotum duller and subcoriaceous ; areola strong,
hexagonal and hardly longer than broad, strongly separated from the
discreted petiolar area. Scutellum glittering, subglabrous, deplanate
and not margined. Abdomen fusiform and apically nitidulous ; post-
petiole deplanate, shagreened and not broad ; gastrocoeli superficial,
legs normal and not stout, with no scopule. Wings narrow and
slightly fulvescent, with stigma castaneous. Length, 7-10 mm. The
totally red colouration is remarkable ; in structure this species resembles
M. sanguinator, Rossi.
364 Annals of the South African Musewm.
The type was captured at Potchefstroom in the Transvaal by
T. Ayres ; and two co types are from Kimberley on May 5th, 1912, by
Bro. Power, and Cape Town early in 1915 by L. Péringuey. Co-type
in the British Museum.
BARICHNEUMON, Thoms.
Opuse. Ent. xviii, 1893, p. 1959.
BAaRICHNEUMON GRANDIS, sp. Nov.
2 only. A black and red species, with white markings. Black
with the epistoma, labrum, underside of scape, propleurae above,
meso- and meta-thorax except the frenal callosities, scutellum, and the
anterior legs except basally, dull dark red; palpi, mandibular base,
sides of clypeus, inner and the upper outer orbits, a broad central
flagellar band, pronotum centrally, subradical callosities and post-
scutellum both linearly, apical lateral angles of two basal segments
and whole disc of the seventh and sixth, white. Face sparsely
punctate and not discreted from the apically truncate and centrally
slightly produced clypeus, whose lateral foveae are large. Thorax
finely and evenly punctate, shining; pronotum discally tuberculate,
notauli obsolete; metanotal areae entire with but weak carinae and
evanescent costulae, areola strongly elongate and apically emarginate.
Scutellum deplanate, sparsely punctate and not margined. Abdomen
fusiform and dull, with the fourth and following segments pilose and
shining ; postpetiole evenly explanate, broad and punctate with no
carinae ; gastrocoeli deeply impressed but not large. Legs normal and
subelongate, with very strong hind coxal scopulae and inpectinate
claws. Wings somewhat narrow, with black stigma and nervures,
areolet broad above, basal nervure continuous through the median.
Length, 10mm. + It has the facies of a large B. ridibundus, Grav., and
shares with that species the pronotal tubercle, though the abdomen is
more ovate and of different colouration.
The type was captured at Dunbrody in the Cape Province on
March Ist, 1912.
CHASMIAS, Ashmn.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 17.
Chasmodes, Wesm. Nouv. Mém. 1844, p. 13 (nec Cuvier).
Essential Characters.—Metathoracic spiracles elongate ; hypopygium
remote from terebral base; scutellum deplanate, basal metanotal
sulcus wanting; clypeus apically emarginate ; body subeylindrical.
On some South African Ichneumonidae. 365
CHASMIAS GLAUCOPTERUS, Sp. Nov.
2? only. A dull and somewhat pale castaneous species, with black
markings and broadly white-banded antennae. Flagellum with the
6th-7th joints and its apex from the 17th, propleurae except above,
whole mesopleurae and frenum, metathorax, except the external and
dentiparal areae, terebra and hind tarsi, black. Face strongly punctate,
short and convex, with epistoma prominent and cheeks buccate ;
clypeus isolatedly punctate, thrice broader than long, basally discreted
and apically emarginate with a central fovea ; labrum exserted and
elongately ciliate. Thorax dull and closely punctate, with notauli
elongate but very weak ; metanotum finely coriaceous and pilose with
all the carinae complete, weak and not elevated ; areola hexagonal,
longer than broad, extending to base and apically emarginate.
Scutellum deplanate, isolatedly punctate and glittering. Abdomen
subeylindrical, not broader than thorax, dull with the anus hardly less
so; petiole slender and shining; postpetiole not broad, closely and
deeply punctate, obsoletely bicarinate ; gastrocoeli large, deeply im-
pressed and broader than the slightly aciculate intervening space ;
terebra exserted, as long as the seventh segment. Legs neither stout
nor short ; all the coxae simple and extremely finely punctate; hind
tarsi abruptly and totally black. Wings fulvescent-hyaline with the
stigma, costa and nervures pale testaceous; lower basal nervure
slightly postfurcal: external cubital and apex of the anal nervures
pellucid. Length, 14 mm. Very distinct from Chasmodes fortunatus
Tosq.; of the size and facies of C. paludicola, Wesm., but distinctly a
little stouter.
The type came from Komgha in Cape Colony on February 15th,
1904.
SusptrinE AMBLYPYGINI.
CTENICHNEUMON, Thoms.
Opusc. Ent. xix, 1894, p. 2085.
CTENICHNEUMON BREVIS, Sp. NOV.
g only. A dark red species with the thorax mainly black, and
both scutellum and flagellum bright flavous throughout. Head and
the pilose mesonotum dark red; face and clypeus uneven and coarsely
punctate, dull flavidous with the latter laterally black and apically
truncate; frons and vertex closely and deeply punctate. Antennae
flavous, stout and strongly attenuate throughout, hardly extending
beyond basal segment, with the scape discally black and the half-
366 Annals of the South African Museum.
dozen apical joints excavate beneath ; prothorax, meso-pleurae and
-sternum, and metathorax except a discal mark, black; notauli and
metanotal basal sulcus wanting ; all carinae obsolete, costulae wanting,
areola subtransverse and only basally carinate. Scutellum and post-
scutellum glabrous, glittering and slightly convex. Abdomen dull,
closely punctate, castaneous, and elongate-ovate with only base of the
fourth and fifth segments indefinitely black ; postpetiole broad, finely
aciculate-punctate and strongly bicarinate; gastrocoeli deeply impressed
and fully as broad as the aciculate intervening space; anus obtuse
and smoother. Legs fulvidous with coxae and trochanters partly
nigrescent ; hind claws small. Wings hyaline with the stigma and
nervures deep brunneous; areolet broad above. Length, 11 mm.
The short and setigerous flagellum combined with indefinitely dark
red and apically obtuse body lend this species much more the appear-
ance of the Indian Protichnewmon (Amblyjoppa) ruficeps, Cam., than
any species of the present genus with which I am acquainted.
The type was captured at Utrecht in Natal during 1907.
AMBLYTELES, Wesm.
Nouv. Mém. 1844, joe JR
Thoms. Opusc. Ent. 1894, p. 2090.
AMBLYTELES AUXIFER, T'osq.
Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 82, 9.
? only. A stout black species with dull red head, mesonotum,
petiole and legs. Head red and not constricted behind eyes, closely
punctate with the clypeus more sparsely and as long as the elevated
epistoma, its sides and the mandibular apices black. Antennae stout
and filiform with their apices strongly attenuate, nigrescent with scape
red and (in these examples) no pale central flagellar band. Thorax
dull and discally deplanate, very finely punctate with no notauli;
metanotum coriaceous with longitudinal carinae entire though weak ;
areola not smoother, subquadrate with sides a little curved; petiolar
area scabrous with basal carina strong and apophyses distinct though
small. Scutellum black, subglabrous and glittering, hardly convex.
Abdomen elongate-ovate and black with only the basal segment
entirely, and disc of the 7th, somewhat clear red ; postpetiole broad
and deplanate with only a few distinct discal punctures, carinae
obsolete; gastrocoeli small and much narrower than the simple
intervening space; second and third ventral segments plicate ;
hypopygium extending to the nitidulous anus, terebra red. Legs
On some South African Ichneumonidae. 367
stout and dark red with all the trochanters, and the simple coxae,
black; hind femora infuscate. Wings distinctly and evenly nigrescent
throughout; stigma and nervures black; basal nervure continuous
through median, areolet broad above. Length,12 mm. Very like the
last species but differing, besides the divergence of the gastrocoeli, in
the postpetiolar and metanotal structure, abdominal colouration and
deeply infumate wings. I have no doubt it is the insect described
under this name by Tosquinet, but give an account of it, since it
appears to belong to his “ var. 1,” which is barely mentioned.
“Le Cap de Bonne-Espérance ”’ (Tosq.).—Port Elizabeth by J. L.
Drége, and Johannesburg in 1898 by A. Ross.
AMBLYTELES TUBERCULATA, Sp. Nov.
2 only. A dull, brick-red species with profuse black markings, and
evenly infumate wings having the stigma stramineous. Head closely
and coriaceously punctate, with the truncate and margined apex of the
narrow clypeus alone smooth; mandibular teeth, of which the lower
is very small, the superficial clypeal foveae, vertex and occiput, alone
black; apex of scrobes with a minute and acute central tubercle.
Antennae not short, fulvous and somewhat slender to beyond their
centre, thence black and compresso-dilated, with their apices strongly
attenuate. Thorax stout and coriaceously punctate with the pro-
sternum apically, mesopleurae except above, meso- and meta-sternum,
metapleurae, frenum, metanotal base linearly, mesonotum except two
vittae, and the scutellar fovea, black; metanotum with elongate but
obsolete areola and weak lateral carinae indicated, its spiracles large
and remarkably strongly elevated; apophyses wanting. Scutellum
convex, dull and coarsely punctate, with strong lateral carimae to
beyond its centre. Abdomen exactly fusiform with the terebra, and
basal half of the second to fourth segments both discally and ventrally,
dead black; postpetiole deplanate and so finely aciculate as to appear
shagreened, with prominent spiracles and apical angles ; second segment
basally glabrous, succeeded by very rough puncturation, its gastrocoeli
somewhat deep but not large; second to fourth ventral segments very
definitely plicate; hypopygium not acuminate, extending nearly to the
anus. Legs elongate and somewhat slender, with only base of the
simple and closely punctate hind coxae black. Wings distinctly
infumate though not nigrescent, with nervures piceous; costa and
stigma bright stramineous; nervelet strong, basal nervure subcon-
tinuous, areolet broad emitting recurrent from slightly before its
centre. Length,12 mm. The structure of the metanotum and espe-
cially of its spiracles, the convex and margined scutellum, and the rare
368 Annals of the South African Museum.
contrast of the dark wings with very pale stigma, render this insect,
which has much the facies of a pale A. armatorius, Forst., remarkable.
Found at Saldanha Bay, eighty miles from Cape Town, during Sep-
tember, 1912, by L. Péringuey.
SusrrineE PLATYURINI.
EURYLABUS, Wesm.
Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 150.
EURYLABUS CYANOCROCEUS, Sp. NOv.
? only. A large and slender, dull and dark metallic blue species
with the basal two-thirds of the strongly attenuate flagellum (becoming
stramineous centrally), the large and strongly convex, sparsely punc-
tate and immarginate scutellum, with the whole legs except coxae and
trochanters, bright croceous. Metanotum deplanate and scabriculous,
with basal petiolar carina strong and all others wanting ; postpetiole
deplanate, narrow and subglabrous ; abdomen not broader than thorax,
with its terebra subconcealed ; hind coxae elongate and simple. Wings
hyaline with the stigma and nervures black ; basal nervure continuous,
nervelet elongate, areolet a little higher than broad, emitting recurrent,
from its centre. Length, 15 mm.
lamina ¢ deeply scooped with the angles sharply dentiform ; cerci
short, thick, tapering into a sharp point; sub-genital lamina very
long, deeply and broadly grooved in the centre, narrowed from the
median part to the apex ; this narrowed part is very strongly recurved,
bluntly trifid at apex, and fits, when at rest, in the scooped-out space
of the supra-anal lamina.
The general facies is that of Arytropteris of the pulchripes type, but
it is easily distinguished from this genus by the presence of well-
developed tympanum, and the shorter fore and intermediate legs.
The shape of the sub-genital lamina is very singular. I find no traces
of styles in the only example in the Collection.
AROEGAS NIGROORNATUS, 0. sp.
¢. Straw-colour, with the antennae fusco-annulate, a conspicuous
broad arcuate black band on the top of the declivity of the anterior
446 Annals of the South African Museum.
part of the pronotum, a lateral patch on each abdominal segment, and
a median on the two ultimate segments. Head not deeply inserted
on the pronotum as far as the eyes, smooth, but with the cheeks
vaguely punctate; vertex produced in a_ broad triangle slightly
blunted at apex; pronotum saddle-shaped, the sides very declivous
anteriorly and a little compressed there, slightly convex above but
nearly plane and oblong behind ; there is a faint longitudinal median
line visible from apex to the middle, two fainter diagonal short
impressed lines in the disk, but no traces of transverse sulci; the
anterior tibiae are somewhat inflated above owing to the development
of the auditory cavity, and the intermediate have each an outer row of
four short spines, including the apical, which is not much developed ;
the intermediate have two spines on the outer part of the upper side ;
the hind tibiae have a double series of well-developed closely set spines
on the upper side, and are simple underneath; the femora are all
simple, the hind ones are strongly developed.
Length of body 14 mm.; of pronotum 74 mm.; of hind femur
15 mm.; of hind tibiae 12 mm.
Hab. ‘Transvaal (Barberton), Dr. Randall.
Sus-Fam. MECOPODINAE.
ZITSIKAMA, n. gen.
Head half as long as broad; fastigium free, sloping in front,
grooved longitudinally in the centre; antennae very long and very
slender; basal joint very large; eyes ovoid, bulging; last joint of
palpi slightly clubbed at tip; pronotum slightly longer than broad,
saddle-shaped, narrowly marginate, the two anterior sulci very plainly
indicated but laterally only, the posterior is nearly obsolete ; sternum
without spines; tegmina of male short, truncate at apex, deeply
reticulated, veins highly raised, the wings atrophied ; tegmina of female
reduced to a rudimentary rounded process ; legs long, slender; all the
tibiae deeply sulcate above and on each side and spinose above and
below ; auditory drum very distinct, elongate ovate ; all femora spinose
underneath and with a conspicuous spine on each side of the knees ;
ovipositor short, sabre-shaped and much recurved.
ZITSIKAMA TESSELLATA, 0. Sp.
(Plate XLII, fig. 3.)
Sub-flavescent with more or less regular pattern of dark bands
and spots, more regularly tessellate on the face; the antennae are
closely ringed with fuscous, and the legs similarly annulated; the
Descriptions of New or Little-known Orthoptera. 44,7
saddle-shaped pronotum is somewhat amplate rounded laterally in
the anterior part, and the hind margin is straight ; with the exception
of the face, the body is opaque and very finely aciculate; the cerci are
thick, sub-cylindrical and sharply tapering towards the apex ; the supra-
anal plate is sharply triangular; the ovipositor is sabre-shaped, much
recurved, nearly four times as long as the width of the base; anterior
tibiae with a double row of six spines each, including the terminal ;
but in the non-adult stage these spines are reduced to four, and even
to two, one below the drum and the other at apex ; intermediate tibiae
with two rows of ten and eight respectively, posterior tibiae closely
spinose along their whole length; anterior and intermediate femora
simple ; the hind ones, which are well developed at the base, have each
a double series of twelve spines.
Length of body, ¢, 12 mm.; of pronotum 2% mm.; of hind femur
144 mm.; 154 mm.; hind tibiae 17 mm.
ioneeh of body, Q, 15-22 mm.; of pronotum 2-43 mm.; of hind
femur 17-25 mm.; of hind tibiae 18-28 mm.; of ovipositor 6-7 mm.
Hab. Cape Province (Knysna), W. F’. Purcell.
Sus-Fam. CONOCEPHALINAK.
Gren. XIPHIDION, Serv.
(Ins. Orthopt. 1839, p. 505.)
Key to South African Species.
Wings longer than the body : X. aethiopicum ; X. iris; ? X. caudale.
Wings shorter than the body, fastigium sharply conical.
6. Cerci conchiform.
Cerci short, bispinose : . restiorum.
Cerci less convex, unispinose ; Saget bland of} apex. . parvulum.
3g. Cerci cylindrical, acuminate.
Cerci not sharply acuminate, inner tooth short . : . bechuanense.
Cerci very sharply acuminate.
Head and pronotum somewhat short. é 3 . rhodesianum.
Head and pronotum very lone. : : ‘ : longiceps.
XIPHIDION RESTIORUM, N. sp.
(Text-figs. 6 and 7.)
$. Brownish red, with two conspicuous pallid patches in the frontal
part in front of the eyes; pronotum with two lighter bands on each
side of the disk, the lateral margin broadly pale flavescent ; antennae
and legs brownish red; fastigium sharply pointed, almost hastate ;
pronotum hardly longer than broad; tegmina very short, reaching
barely the second abdominal segment, membranaceous, slightly
flavescent, the veins strongly defined ; abdemen maculated with flavous
448 Annals of the South African Museum.
laterally ; supra-anal lamina sub-angular in the centre, he cere
conchiform, broadly scooped inwardly and having there a shor
spine near base, and a stronger on the lower inner part of the scooped-
Fie. 6.—NXiphidion restiorum.
out cercus; the smaller inner tooth of the right cercus is nearer the
base than in the opposite side; the sub-genital lamina is short, and
deeply arcuately incised. Anterior tibiae with a double row of nine
spines underneath.
From above. Side view. From below.
Fie. 7.—Xiphidion restiorum.
Length of body 12 mm.; of pronotum 2} mm.; of tegmina 2} mm.;
of hind femur 11 mm.; of hind tibia 10 mm.
?. Apterous, twice the size and length of ¢ ; ovipositor straight,
longer than body.
Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town), J. C. Bridwell; (Hottentot’s
Holland), K. H. Barnard.
Descriptions of New or Little-known Orthoptera. 449
XIPHIDION PARVULUM, 0. sp.
(Text-fig. 8.)
g. Allied to X. restiorwm. Lighter in colour, and with the tegmina
slightly longer, since they reach the base of the third segment. The
main difference is, however, in the shape of the cerci, which are
patelliform, short, but more flattened outwardly and very slightly
dentate at the base, while the inner spine or process is long, very much
curved, and is set on the inner side of the base (fig. 8, view from
above); the supra-anal lamina does not project in the centre
Anterior tibiae with a double row of six spines.
From above. From below.
Fie. 8.—Xiphidion parvulum.
Length of body 10 mm.; of pronotum 2 mm.; of tegmina 3 mm.;
of hind femur 53 mm.
Hab. Cape Province (Cape Town), J. C. Bridwell ; L. Péringuey.
XIPHIDION BECHUANENSE, N. Sp.
?. Light straw-colour with a median bronze band starting from the
point of the fastigium reaching the base of the pronotum, continued
on the median dorsal part of the abdomen right to the apex, and edged
on each side by a yellowish-white narrower band; fastigium com-
pressed but blunt at apex; antennae darker than the body or legs;
tegmina reaching only the apical margin of the first abdominal
segment ; anal segment ampliate rounded laterally, sub-truncate at
apex and a little emarginate in the centre, cerci robust, short, curving
inwards, and truncate at apex ; the tooth of the right longer than that
of the left, both somewhat short; sub-genital plate deeply arcuate
emarginate. Anterior tibiae with a double row of five spines.
Length of body 12 mm.; of pronotum 2% mm.; of tegmina 2 mm.;
of hind femur and tibiae 11 mm. respectively.
Hab. Bechuanaland, H. M. Oakley.
450 Annals of the South African Museum.
XIPHIDION LONGICEPS, N. sp.
$. Pale greenish with a pink median band running from the
vertex to the base of the pronotum; wings green, antennae, legs, and
cerci pink ; abdomen maculated with pink and green. The head and
pronotum are longer than in the other South African species known to
me, and are also more parallel; the tegmina reach the median part
of the fourth abdominal segment, the cerci are robust, and nearly
as long as the two abdominal joints preceding, horizontal, gradually
tapering from the middle to a sharp point, and plainly grooved longi-
tudinally for the same distance, the right outwardly, the left inwardly ;
the spines are robust, horizontal, and at right angles to the lobe,
crossing each other at rest. The three basal joints of the antennae
are somewhat thick.
Length of body (cerci excl.) 23-25 mm.; of pronotum 43 mm. ;
of cerci 24-3 mm.; of hind femur and hind tibia 14 and 12 mm.
respectively.
Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), D. Dodds.
XIPHIDION RHODESIANUM, 0. Sp.
g. Light testaceous with a tinge of green; a median pinkish-
brown band runs from the vertex to the base of the pronotum, and
there is another much narrower band running laterally from behind
the eye to the edge of the pronotum, the two bands being separated
by a broad yellowish interval ; abdomen with a broad dorsal slightly
infuscate band and a lateral one also divided by a lighter interval ;
tegmina flavescent, cerci darker; head shorter than the pronotum,
fastigium. projecting, narrow, parallel, truncate, rounded at tip; pro-
notum one-fourth longer than broad ; tegmina reaching only the base
of the fifth abdominal segment; the cerci are horizontal, long, sub-
cylindrical, but tapering to a sharp point where they are slightly
impressed lengthways, each is provided with a strong, sharp inner
tooth, of identical length and slightly curved at tip. Anterior tibiae
with five spines underneath.
The livery is not unlike that of X. longiceps, but this species is
easily recognised by the reduced length of the head; the cerci are
a little shorter, less deeply impressed longitudinally, and the inner
spines are slightly more hooked.
Length of body 15-153} mm.; of pronotum 3 mm.; of cerci 14 mm.;
of hind femur and hind tibiae 12} mm. and 113 mm. respectively.
Hab. Southern Rhodesia, D. Dodds.
(451)
INDEX.
PAGE
A G
abbreviatus (Hetrodes) 430 oranulithorax (Arytropteris)
Acanthoplus 431
Acanthoproctus . 431 H
ACRIDIDAE . 401 Hemihetrodes
Aphractia 431 Henicus
armativentris Gueatendntcs) 435 Hetrodes
Aroegas 445 HETRODINAE
Arytropteris 4.40 -
B immaculata (Bulla)
bechuanense (Xiphidion) 449 intermedia (Bulla)
bechuanus (Acanthoplus) . 433 intricata (Arytropteris)
bechuanus (Nasidius) 416 irrorata (Arytropteris)
binduranus (Enyaliopsis) 438
boschimana (Cystocoelia) 411 J
Bochus. 418 jallae (Acanthoplus) .
Bulla 402
K
C knysna (Hetrodes)
canus (Maxentius) 415 L
capicola (Platysiagon) 4 Tbanasidas
ie sa loandae (Aeanthoplus)
consobrina (Bulla) 406 Tocca wie
contemnendus (Bochus) 410
’ f longiceps (Gaphidion).
Cystocoelia . 411
longicornis (Bulla)
D longipes (Acanthoplus)
deceptor (Onosandridus) 422 uM
eh te maculosa (Bulla)
discoidalis (eamtheplus) 434. 5s oe ENE lio tsi
eiccolon (Bulla). . App ababelensis (Enyaliopsis)
durandi (Enyaliopsis) eo ee
MercOPODINAE
E mediocris (@norandeus)
Enyaliopsis . 436 EUDERS (Faku)
cxcisa (Arytroptus) 442 mimus (Nasidius)
miranda (Shortridgea)
EP modesta (Arytropteris)
Faku : 419 monachus (Nasidius) .
ferox (Nasidius) . 417 musicus (Umtata)
PAGE
452 Annals of the South African Museum.
N
namaqua (Hetrodes)
namaqua (Pneumora)
Nasidius
nigroornatus (aeoenas)
O
ocellata (Bulla) .
Onosandridus
Onosandrus .
12
parvulum (Xiphidion)
patruelis (Enyalopsis)
perineueyi (Hemihetrodes)
petersi (Enyaliopsis) .
pictifrons oo” :
Platysiagon .
plebeia (Ar Dntorisy’
plebeius (Onosandridus)
Pneumora
PNEUMORINAE
promontorii (Henicus)
pulchripes (Arytropteris)
pupillata (Bulla)
R
restiorum (Xiphidion)
rhodesianum (Xiphidion)
rubens (Bulla)
serrata (Bulla)
Shortridgea .
signatus GAR)
Spelaeiacris .
speiseri (Acanthopian
STENOPELMATINAE
subalata (Bulla) .
a
tabulae (Spelaeaicris)
tessellata (Zitsikama)
transvaalensis (Enyaliopsis)
U
Umtata
unicolor (Bulla) .
Vv
varicornis (Acanthoplus)
variolosa (Pneumora) .
vittatus (Libanasidus)
x
Xiphidion
Zitsikama
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII.
1, la, 6. Spelaeiacris tabulae g.
2. Shortridgea miranda @ .
3. Zitsikama tessellata g.
4, 4a. Libanasidus vittatus ¢.
5, 5a, 5b. Platysiagon capicola g.
6. Umtata musicus ¢.
PAGE
402
412
4.23
420
435
414
409
420
446
438
444.
404:
435
410
425
447
446
2
« t
Ate Mus. Vol. XV. Plate: X LEE:
(453 )
¢.—Description of a New Species of Stomoxys (Diptera) from South
Africa.—By Dr. J. ViLLENEUVE.
Gen. STOMOXYS, Geoffr.
STOMOXYS TRANSVITTATA, Nl. Sp.
Sat laete cinerea ; fronte quam oculo latiore ; thoracis dorso maculis
duabus, et, pone suturam, vitta transversa lata atque postice dentata,
atris ; abdomine vitta medio-dorsali limboque segmentorum apicali
nigris. Palpis flavis pedibusque brunneis, tarsis nigris, tibiis basi
plus minusve testaceis. Long. 6} mm.
Frons with parallel sides, its width hardly equals that of the eye
seen from above. Median band wide, very dark black, showing in
front of the ocellary ground a narrow but somewhat deep emargination
continued in a fine ashy line. Orbital part narrow, not shiny, ashy
white, genae similar and with a whitish sheen ; epistome with a dark
sheen ; peristome linear. Antennae black, moderately white, 3rd joint
nearly four times as long as the 2nd, which is very short, arista dark.
Palpi cylindrical, yellow ; reaching the anterior edge of the mouth,
pipette shiny black. Thorax light cinereous, with intense black
markings, resembling in this respect certain species of Limnophora ; in,
front are two spots in the shape of an upturned axe ; behind the suture
and connected with it is a wide transverse band reaching the base of
both wings, the anterior edge is straight, the posterior twice emargin-
ate, a fine ashy line intersects this band in the centre. Scutellum
blackish, with an ashy spot on each side of the apex. Abdomen ashy
on the first segment which is edged with black behind and on the
sides, and with a median black line; the other segments are grey ;
segments 2 and 3 bear a medio-dorsal band and a wide posterior band
narrowed in the centre, these bands are black ; segment 4 shows to the
right and left of the median part a longitudinal dark reflection.
Wings hyaline, halteres pale yellow. Legs brown, tarsi black, tibiae
testaceous in the proximal third part of the length; this colour often
stretches along the external border.
51
454. Annals of the South African Museum.
Natal. Durban, Natal (H. W. Marley). 2 9 9 sent by Dr. L.
Péringuey.
The fine black pattern impinging clearly in the ashy white of the
thorax and frons (the latter being moreover wider and shorter) seems
sufficient to separate our two ? examples from S. omega, Newst. 9,
with which I compared them. It is possible, however, that they may
prove to be a variety of the said S. omega, especially if the ¢ showed
the ciliation of the anterior tarsi which is a peculiarity of S. omega.
(455 )
8.—On Some of the Scoliidae, mostly Elidinae (Hymenoptera), in the
South African Musewm.—By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Famity SCOLIIDAE.
Supramity ELIDINAE.
Genus MYZINE Latr.
In addition to the species mentioned below, there still remain four
or five new species of males in the Museum, but as they are usually
represented by a single specimen and show few distinctive characters
I have not thought it well to describe them. There appear to be a
very large number of species of this genus in South Africa, and many
more remain to be described. Unfortunately the females are difficult
to collect, and the sexes have only been connected in three or four cases.
In South Africa the females show much better specific characters than
the males.
1. Myzine ruFIFRONS Fabr.
Larra rufifrons Fabr., Entom. System. ii, p. 222, 1793, 9.
Hab. Estcourt, Natal; M’fongosi, Zululand.
2. MyzInE ABDOMINALIS Guér.
Meria abdominalis Guér., Rey. de Zool. ii, p. 865, 1859, 9.
Plesia continua Cam., Rec. Albany Mus. i, p. 299, 1905, ¢.
Hab. Dunbrody ; Mossel Bay ; Stellenbosch, Garies, Namaqualand.
The female from Garies has the head black, as is often the case, and
the abdomen somewhat infuscated, but I think it is only a colour
variety. Meria hottentota Sauss. seems to be a synonym.
3. MyzINE CRUENTA sp. n.
2. Nigra; mandibulis flagelloque fusco-ferrugineis ; abdomine
segmentis secundo tertioque macula magna alba utrinque, quarto apice,
456 Annals of the South African Museum.
quinto sextoque rufis; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis nigris; segmento
mediano ruguloso.
Long. 13 mm.
Q. Head rectangular, about half as broad again as long, smooth
and shining, with a few scattered punctures, a deep sulcus reaching
from between the antennae to half way to the anterior ocellus ;
posterior ocelli situated on the sides of large depression, further from
the eyes than from each other; eyes rather large, separated from the
posterior margin of the head by a distance equal to about half their
own length ; scape smooth above, clothed with long yellowish hairs
beneath. Pronotum shining, with sparse, large, more or less elongate
punctures, about twice as long as the scutellum. Pleurae coarsely but
rather sparsely punctured, the sides of the median segment finely
obliquely striated. Dorsal area of the median segment closely rugu-
lose, verging into fine oblique striae near the sides, the posterior slope
transversely rugulose. Abdomen shining, sparsely and finely punc-
tured, with sparse whitish pubescence on the sides. Second cubital
cell present, triangular, the side on the cubitus shorter than the others.
Stigma large, situated near the middle of the costa.
Hab. Umblah, Natal. (Barnard.)
This is nearest to M. rufifrons Fabr., but is a less robust species, and
differs in the sculpture of the median segment, which is smooth in the
middle with a longitudinal sulcus in rufifrons, rugulose without a
sulcus in eruenta; also in the narrower shape of the triangular second
cubital cell, and in the colour of the head and apical segments of the
abdomen. The second recurrent nervure is almost straight in erwenta,
but strongly bent inwards towards the cubitus in rufifrons.
4. MyzINE PALLIDIPES sp. n.
@. Nigra, mandibulis, segmento abdominali sexto, femoribus
tibiisque fusco-ferrugineis ; clypeo, tegulis tarsisque pallide ferrugineis ;
pronoto rufo; segmentis dorsalibus 2-4 macula alba utrinque ; alis
hyalinis, pallide infumatis, venis pallide fuscis ; segmento mediano
transverse striato, in medio longitudinaliter canaliculato.
Long. 7 mm.
Q. Head subrectangular, a little broader than long, smooth and
shining, without a frontal sulcus ; eyes large, elongate-ovate, separated
from the posterior margin of the head by a distance scarcely equal to
their own breadth. Thorax shining, with a few scattered punctures on
the mesonotum and scutellum ; pronotum twiceas broad as long, with
a row of small setigerous punctures on the anterior margin. Pleurae
On Some of the Scoliidae in the South African Museum. 457
sparsely punctured, and clothed with long greyish pubescence ; sides
of the median segment smooth below, indistinctly obliquely striated
above. Median segment transversely striated, with a deep longitudinal
sulcus, a narrow space on each side of the sulcus smooth and shining,
the posterior slope transversely striated. Abdomen shining with a few
small punctures, the sides sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence.
Second cubital cell very small and narrow, the petiole of the cell more
than half as long again as the cell itself; second recurrent nervure
strongly bent inwards towards the cubitus.
Hab. Capetown. April.
In colour this resembles sublevis Turn., but differs strongly in the
sculpture of the median segment, in the presence of the second cubital
cell, and in the strongly curved second recurrent nervure. It differs
from wmbratica Turn. in the sculpture of the median segment, the
colour of the pronotum, and the longer head.
5. Myzinr Limata Sm.
Meria limata Sm., Cat. Hym. B. M. in, p. 81, 1855, ©.
Hab. Kimberley. Cape.
6. Myzine capicoza Turn.
Myzine capicola Turn., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 734, 1912, ¢.
Hab. Hex River. Cape.
The single specimen in the South African Museum bears the MS.
name Meria caffra Sauss.
7. Myzrne RvUFINopIS Turn.
Myzine rufinodis Turn., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 392, 1910, ¢.
Hab. Hex River; Henkries, Namaqualand, Cape.
One of the Hex River specimens bears the MS. name Meria africana
Sauss.
There is some variation in the development of the yellow apical
band on the first dorsal segment and in the yellow mark on the apex
of the clypeus, both being obsolete in the Namaqualand specimen.
8. MyzInE EURYGASTER sp. n.
6. Niger,albopilosus ; mandibulis macula basali, pronoto margine
posteriore fascia angusta interrupta, segmento dorsali primo fascia
angusta apicali, segmentis 2-6 dorsalibus et ventralibus fascia angusta
458 Annals of the South African Museum.
bisinuata lateribus dilatata, femoribus apice, tibiis supra, tarsisque,
articulo apicali excepto, flavis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.
Long. 16 mm.
4. Head and thorax closely and rather strongly punctured,
median segment rugosely punctured, all rather thickly clothed with
long white pubescence ; abdomen finely and more sparsely punctured,
thinly clothed with much shorter pubescence. Clypeus broad, the
anterior margin almost straight; eyes widely but distinctly emar-
ginate. Antennae stout, of about equal thickness throughout, a little
longer than the head, thorax and median segment combined. Prono-
tum no longer than the scutellum, the anterior margin straight and
distinctly raised. Scutellum subcarinate longitudinally ; median
segment steeply sloped posteriorly. Abdominal segments broad, the
petiole short, first segment rounded at the base, segments 2-6 slightly
constricted at the base; the apical incision of the seventh dorsal
segment large, nearly as broad at the apex as deep, the lateral
processes of the incision narrow and pointed, flattened above, the apex
smooth, the base rather deeply grooved longitudinally. Second abscissa
of the radius longer than the third; first recurrent nervure received
beyond two-thirds from the base of the second cubital cell; second
beyond one-third from the base of the third cubital cell, curved out-
ward in the middle ; second transverse cubital nervure almost straight.
Hab. Durban; Umvoti, Natal.
This approaches more nearly to the male of rufifrons than to any
other described species, but has distinctly longer antennae, a shorter
clypeus, and a somewhat broader and shorter abdomen ; the colour of
the clypeus and anterior margin of the pronotum is different, and the
yellow abdominal bands narrower. The apical joint of the flagellum
is blunt at the apex, not distinctly truncate as in rufifrons. The
position of the second recurrent nervure is also different.
9. MyzINE PINGUIS sp. n.
2. Niger, robustus; clypeo, macula post oculos, pronoto linea
utrinque angulis anticis posticisque, postscutello macula, segmento
dorsali primo linea apicali utrinque, segmentis dorsalibus et ventralibus
2-6 fascia angusta apicali utrinque interrupta, segmento dorsali
septimo macula, tegulis, femoribus apice tibiisque supra flavis ; tibiis
subtus tarsisque testaceis ; mandibulis ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, venis
testaceis.
Long. 9 mm.
é. Head and thorax coarsely and closely punctured, median
On Some of the Scoliidae in the South African Museum. 459
segment rugose; abdomen deeply but rather sparsely punctured.
Clypeus shallowly punctured, very short and broad, almost transverse
at the apex. Antennae not very stout, as long as the abdomen, the
eyes oval, not emarginate. Pronotum shorter than the mesonotum,
the anterior margin straight, not much narrowed posteriorly, the
posterior margin not strongly arched. Scutellum large, a little longer
than the pronotum; median segment shorter than the scutellum,
abruptly truncate posteriorly. Petiole very short, first abdominal
segment almost as broad as the second ; segments 2-6 rather strongly
constricted at the base. All the segments very short and _ broad.
Seventh dorsal segment very shallowly incised at the apex, the incision
much broader apically than deep, the sides of the incision in the form
of short, blunt spines. Aculeus long and strongly recurved. Second
abscissa of the radius distinctly longer than the third, radial cell a
little shorter and blunter at the apex than in most species of the genus,
third transverse cubital nervure curved outwards in the middle, the
second straight, the third cubital cell almost as long on the radius as
on the cubitus, the second recurrent nervure received near the middle.
Hab. Sebakwe, Rhodesia. November 1901. (D. Dodds.)
In the robust form, the structure of the median segment and of the
apical dorsal segment, this approaches the Algerian M. rousselii Guér.
In that species the eyes are longer and show a trace of emargination
on the inner margin, the antennae are shorter and stouter towards the
apex, and the shape of the third cubital cell is quite different.
10. Myzint xiuci Westw.
Meria klugi Westw., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, iii, p. 53, 1835, 9.
Myzine nigrita Turn., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 391, 1910) o:
Hab. O’okiep ; Matjesfontein.
A specimen from M’fongosi, Zululand, has the first abdominal
segment a little narrower, but does not seem to differ otherwise.
MyzINE TRANSVAALENSIS Cam.
Plesia transvaalensis Cam., Ann. Transvaal Mus. i, p. 119, 1910, ¢.
This is near politissima Turn., differing in the more distinct punc-
turation of the abdomen; the deeper emargination of the clypeus ;
the much more strongly raised anterior margin of the pronotum ; the
position of the second recurrent nervure, which is nearer to the base
of the third cubital cell in transvaalensis ; and the narrower and more
acute processes of the seventh dorsal segment. The scape is yellow
beneath in politissima, black in transvaalensis.
460 Annals of the South African Museum.
Myzinké imMAcuLATA Cam.
Myzine (Meira) immaculatus Cam., Ann. Transvaal Mus. uy, p. 117,
TOLOR SD.
This species belongs to the group with no second cubital cell. The
stigma is small; and the sulcus on the median segment distinct, much
narrowed towards the apex. The frontal sulcus is faint, almost
obsolete. The species is easily distinguished from other described
species by the ferruginous legs and absence of red or white colouring.
Genus ELIS Fabr.
Suspcenus MESA Sauss.
1. Exis (Mesa) PERINGUEYI Sauss.
Plesia (Mesa) peringueyi Saussure, Grandidier: Hist. Madagascar,
xx, p. 245, 1892, 9.
Hab. O’okiep, Namaqualand, Cape. September.
2. Exis (Musa) xanrHocrera Gerst.
Myzine xanthocera Gerst., Arch. f. Naturg. xxxvu, p. 353, 1870, 9;
Gerstaecker, v. d. Decken. Reise in Ost-Afrika, Gliederthiere,
p. 339, t. 14, fig. 5, 1873.
Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand ; Kloof, Natal.
This species has a wide range on the coast of Hast Africa.
3. Enis (Mxsa) apeLogamia Turn.
Plesia (Mesa) adelogamia Turn., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1, p. 508,
11908;..9..
Hab. Smithfield, Orange Free State; Pt. Shepstone, Natal.
4. Exis (Mesa) aurirtua Turn.
Elis (Mesa) auriflua Turn., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 705, 1912, 9.
Hab. Kimberley, Cape ; Smithfield, Orange Free State ; M’fongosi,
Zululand.
5. Exis (Mzsa) RUFIcEPS Sm.
Myzine ruficeps Sm., Cat. Hym. B. M. iii, p. 75, 1855, 9.
Elis (Mesa) ruficeps Turn., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vii, p. 304,
USNs ope
Hab. Durban and Pt. Shepstone, Natal.
On Some of the Scoliidae in the South African Museum. 461
Subspecies DIAPHEROGAMIA Sauss.
Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand.
6. Exis (Mesa) HETEROGAMIA Sauss.
Plesia (Mesa) heterogamia Saussure, Grandidier: Hist. Madagascar xx,
p. 244, 1892, 9.
Hab. @ Comoro Island. ? g Delagoa Bay, Mozambique.
7. Exis (Mzsa) HOTTENTOTA Sauss.
Plesia (Mesa) hottentota Saussure, Grandidier: Hist. Madagascar xx,
p. 245, 1892, 9.
Hab. Stellenbosch; Malmesbury ; Hex River, Cape.
Specimens which I refer to this species with some doubt, show con-
siderable colour variation ; the Hex River specimens having the two
apical segments and the apex of the fourth red, of which colour there
are only faint traces in other specimens. In one specimen the apical
antennal joint is ferruginous, not yellow as in Saussure’s description,
but in others does not differ from the rest of the flagellum. The wings
are not clouded towards the apex. Otherwise the specimens answer
well to the description.
8. Exis (Mzsa) LoneiIventris Turn.
Elis (Mesa) longiventris Turn., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 712,
SE en
Hab. Hex River; Ceres; Dunbrody ; Cape.
9. Exis (Mesa) spourata Turn.
Elis (Mesa) spoliata Turn., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 711, 1912, 2.
Hab. S.W. District, Cape Colony.
10. Enis (Mesa) RETICULATA Cam.
Plesia reticulata Cam., Rec. Albany Mus. 1, p. 300, 1905, ¢.
Hab. Klerksdorp, Transvaal ; Estcourt, Natal.
11. Exis (Mesa) RuFOFEMORATA Cam.
Plesia rufofemorata Cam., Rec. Albany Mus. i, p. 298, 1905, ¢.
Hab. O’okiep, Namaqualand, Cape.
This is very near spoliata Turn., but the pubescence is much longer
and more dense, the abdomen more closely punctured and the serration
462 Annals of the South African Museum.
of the hind tibiae more distinct, in addition to considerable colour
differences. The emargination of the apical tergite is deeper in
spoliata.
SuspramMity SCOLIINAE.
Genus SCOLIA.
Scotia (TRIELIS) PERINGUEYI sp. n.
@. Nigra, nigro-hirsuta; mandibulis, flagello tarsisque fusco-
ferrugineis ; alis fusco-coeruleis.
Long. 19 mm.
Q. Median portion of the clypeus with three parallel longitudinal
carinae, the space between the carinae irregularly longitudinally
striated. Antennae inserted almost as far from each other as from the
eyes, the scape smooth beneath, flattened and sparsely /punctured above,
the frontal prominence rounded at the apex between the antennae, the
lateral carinae above the base of the antennae oblique and strongly
marked, the space between them rugose and hirsute; ocellar space
smooth and shining, with a few scattered punctured. Thorax coarsely
punctured and hirsute, especially on the pronotum and pleurae ;
mesonotum more sparsely punctured, the middle of the scutellum
smooth and shining; median segment short, punctured-rugose, hirsute
in the middle ; abdomen shining, finely and sparsely punctured, more
coarsely on the ventral surface, both dorsal and ventral segments with
apical cilae of coarse black hairs, the apical dorsal segment densely
clothed with coarse fusco-ferruginous setae. Legs clothed with long
black hairs, spinose, calcaria of hind tibiae spatulate. Third cubital
cell almost pointed on the cubitus, the length on the radius equal to
fully three-quarters of the length of the second transverse cubital
nervure ; second cubital cell petiolate.
Hab. Beaufort West. Cape.
This belongs to the group of stigma Sauss. and punctum Sauss. and
is most nearly allied to brawnsi Turn., differing in the spatulate
calearia, and the denser pubescence which is wholly black, not cinereous
on the sides of the thorax and abdomen as in brawnsi, the ciliae on the
ventral segments in that species being whitish instead of black.
Superficially the resemblance to Myzine klugi Westw. Q is very close.
Described from a single female.
On Some of the Scoliidae in the South African Musewm.
A
abdominalis (Myzine)
adelogamia (Elis)
auriflua (Elis)
C
capicola (Myzine)
eruenta (Myzine)
D
diapherogamia
E
ELIDINAE
Elis
eurygaster (Myzine) ;
H
heterogamia (Elis)
hottentota (Elis)
I
immaculata (Myzine)
K
klugi (Myzine)
L
limata (Myzine) .
longiventris (Elis)
INDEX.
PAGE
4.55
4.60
4.60
461
455
4.60
457
461
4.61
4.60
4.60
457
4.61
M
Mesa
Myzine
N
nigrita (Myzine)
18
pallidipes (Myzine)
peringueyi (Elis)
peringueyi (Scolia)
pinguis (Myzine)
Plesia . ;
R
reticulata (Elis) .
ruficeps (Elis)
rufifrons (Myzine)
rufinodis (Myzine)
rufofemorata (Elis)
5
Scoha . ;
SCOLIIDAE
SCOLIINAE
spoliata (Elis)
Ak
transvaalensis (Myzine)
x
xanthocera (Elis)
463
4.60
455
459
456
460
462
4.60
455
461
4.60
4.55
457
461
462
455
462
461
460
460
1 I AY
( 465 )
9.—A New Species of Tachino-Oestrid from South Africa (Diptera).
—By Dr. J. VILLENEUVvE.
(With three text-figures. )
RONDANIOOESTRUS un. gen.
This genus (3) is distinguished by the following characters.
I. Head.—Three remote ocelli. Eyes with a short, scattered pube-
scence, separated on the vertex by hardly a third of the diameter of the
eye, but not bulging forward on each side of the antennae, so that the
cordiform cavity of the latter is somewhat shallow ; the head is divided
by a medio-vertical blunt and little bulging ridge which disappears on
the facial groove. The latter is long, little narrowed, bound on each
side by a border bearing towards the upper part a large vibrissa, and
below four or five spaced supplementary ones (fig. 1). The profile is
almost semicircular; the eyes are elongate, nearly vertical, and the
peristome is narrower than one-fourth of the height of the eye. The
antennae are inserted very little below the median part of the eye, and
are wholly showing; they are short, with the 5rd joint rounded at
- tip and about equal in length with the third. The 2nd joint of the
antennal cheta is elongate, the 5rd is rigid and thickened at base.
The epistome is reclining, and the frons bulges a little. The buccal
opening is small, with a short proboscis, palps still shorter (fig. 2).
II. Chaetotaxy.—Setae numerous, long on the thorax and on the
outer face of the tibiwe, erect and short on the abdomen. Thorax :
Acrostical setae complete, three pairs in front of the suture and three
pairs behind; dorsocentral sete 2 or 3 + 5; humeral 3; posthumeral
2, the second set slightly above the presutural seta ; intraalar 2, one
immediately behind the suture, the other in front of the postalar callus ;
no intraalar seta in front of the suture. Abdomen: Median excavation
of first segment leaving behind a moderately broad fold carrying a
median pair of marginal setae, the other segments with a pair or two
of irregularly set discal setae, and a pair of median marginal. The
marginal setae are set a little in front of the hind border on every
segment. Head: One pair of long, vertical, crossed, inner setae ; the
frontal setae stop in front towards the base of the second antennal
joint ; no ocellary setae.
4.66 Annals of the South African Museum.
As in all the Tachino-Oestrids known to me,* the sternopleural
thoracic setae = 1+ 1; the convex scutellum bears three marginal
setae on each side, the median are almost equal and crossed; in the
SS
NS
2 Aves
\<
SAA AAA
Sart
Fie. 2.
anterior tarsi, which are longer than the tibiae, the claws in the ¢
hardly reach the last jomt. If it is stated that in these Tachinarid
* Sur quatre formes nouvelles se rapportant aux ‘“ Oestridae dubiosae B.B.
(Tachino-Oestridae Vill.).” Villeneuve in Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 1914, xii,
p. 445.
A New Species of Tachino-Oestrid from South Africa. 467
flies there is a broad medio-ventral band formed by the uncovered
sternites the lateral sides of which are concealed in the end of the fold
of the tergites, it becomes easy to locate the Tachino-Oestridae in the
Rhinophorinae group of Girschner, the new genus Rondaniovcestrus
coming next to Rondania, Rob. Desv.
III. Neuwration.—The wings have a real prolongation which is
somewhat short, however, on the 4th nervure; the Ist hind cell is
petiolate (fig. 3).
RoNDANIOOESTRUS APIVORUS, Nl. Sp.
g. Griseus, thorace nigro-quadrilineato, abdomine atro-variegato,
antennis pedibusque testaceis, alarum nervo 5° atque nervis trans-
versalibus externis fusco limbatis.
Long. 8 mm.
Orbits grey, narrower than the frontal band, which increases in
width from back to front and is brown ferruginous in colour; genae
and epistome ashy white or light grey, facial convex folds as well as
the anterior part of the epistome with a testaceous sheen, the rest
greyish with the depression of the median folds ferruginous. Antennae
testaceous, 3rd joint slightly dark, cheta black. Body grey, the inser-
tion pore of the setae with a black circle ; thorax with the shoulders as
well as a dot in the centre of the postalar callus testaceous ; it bears
four black dorsal lines, the median shortening after the suture, the
lateral interrupted in semi-colon shape ; scutellum wholly grey ; abdo-
men with a dull sheen slightly metallic on the median part of the first
segments ; on certain light there are discernible ill-defined darkish
hind bands and darker black squares situated on the sides of the
abdomen and the centre of segment 3. The hypopygium instead of
468 Annals of the South African Museum.
being convex and projecting is deeply set in the ventral face of the last
segment, the abdomen being depressed in the only example I have
seen. The last sternite is deeply and broadly scooped in front of the
genital armature. Legs light testaceous like the coxae and the tro-
chanters. Femora ashy fuscous on the upper side, this coloration
extending obliquely on the basal half of the anterior and posterior
sides. Last two tarsal joints blackish. Wings slightly greyish, the
transverse apical and postical nervures as well as the fifth longitudinal
broadly umbrate. Squamae whitish with a broad, apical, dirty white
band limited inwardly by a slender brownish line. Halteres testaceous.
One ¢ from Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, alleged to have been bred
from a honey-bee. (J. W. FitzSimons.) This biological indication is
the moré interesting that nothing was hitherto known of the habits
of the Tachino-Oestrid Diptera.
(469 )
10.—A Contribution to the Study of the South African Higher Myodarit
(Diptera Calyptratae) based mostly on the Material in the South
African Musewm—By Dr. J. VILLENEUVE.
(With eight figures in the text.)
Iv is intended to deal here with undescribed or little known species
occurring in this region ; the others will be dealt with later in another
communication.
The material which I have been able to examine was supplied by the
Vienna Museum, the Entomological Research Committee of London,
and the South African Museum of Cape Town. I here tender my
thanks to Dr. Zerny and to G. A. K. Marshall, Esq., who have been
kind enough to send it to me, and generously allowed me to retain
duplicates. Dr. L. Péringuey, Director of the South African Museum,
has been particularly active and obliging in forwarding numerous
sendings of Tachinidae. Thanks to his efforts our knowledge has been
considerably increased, and I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude.
Lastly, Dr. J. Bequaert has collected several kinds at Durban, Natal,
and Port Elizabeth, Cape Province. They are intended for the Congo
Museum at Tervueren, Belgium.
There have been criticisms on the ultra-division of certain genera
including numerous species, on the ground that it leads to too con-
stricted sections. On the contrary, we approve and adopt this method,
although it compels us to create again new genera. It proceeds, in
fact, from the analytical method by inducing more precision ; it limits
research, and makes study easier, and it appears to us to lead to in-
controvertible advantages on practical lines. The study of the African
Myodarii is not without difficulties. Some palaearctic species inhabit
Africa also, and are there subjected to quite different influences of
latitude and temperature. Are they new species or varieties ¥ Such
question arises somewhat often. Thus Phorinia Verritus Walk. seems
to be our Phorinia aurifrons Rob. Desv. with a different coloration
varying on the frons and thorax from ashy-grey to golden bronze, and
with a reduction of the discal abdominal setae. This lessening in
length of the abdominal setae is found also in African examples of
D2
470) Annals of the South African Museum.
Pachylophthalmus signatus Meig. Voria ruralis Fall. (setosa B. B.
type) shows somewhat often some ciliae at the root of the 5th nervure
of the wing, etc., but the most embarrassing instance is to be found in
species with very variable coloration, such as Rhinia apicalis Wied.,
R. nigricornis Macq., and R. testacea Rob. Desv., which one would take
for varieties of one kind if certain ¢ individuals were not pilose on the
thorax and scutellum, whereas in others this pilose covering is reduced
to the same degree as in the 9. One meets also with examples of the
common Tachina fallax Meig. in which the eyes are distinctly hairy
(var. pseudofallax Villen.). I have seen also a g of Tricholyga
sorbillans Wied. in which the hairiness of the eyes is short and scattered,
although the example is perfectly well preserved.
Fam. TACHINIDAE.
Sus-Fam. TACHININAE.
Gen. DEJEANIA Rob. Desv.
DEJEANIA NIGRAPEX, Nl. Sp.
A robust species. Same coloration as D. bombylans Fab., from
which it differs in several characters: abdomen with the three first
segments entirely yellow and totally without discal setae ; fourth seg-
ment black and bristling with prickly hairs except on a narrow, yellow,
barren anterior band; wings uniformly greyish without any rufous
band towards the base; palps yellowish, thick all along the length,
covered with small black hairs without long setae, they reach the end
of the proboscis, which is shiny black; antennae and chaetae dark
brown; second joint of the chaeta little elongated, plainly shorter than
in D. bombylans. Sternopleural setae = 1+ 1; no fine setae on the
genae ; no orbital setae in the 3.
Length 15-16 mm.
1 g and 1 ? from “Cape of Good Hope,” Vienna Museum.
PLEROPELETERIA, n. sub-gen.
A pair of discal setae a little in front of the marginal setae on
segments 2 and 3 of the abdomen in the manner of the sub-genus
Chaetopeleteria B. B. The ¢ has several orbital setae. On the genae
there is an entire row of erect setae in front of the eyes and as well
developed as the frontal setae, the latter belonging to the ascending
South African Higher Myodarti (Diptera Calyptratae). 471
type of Hough, form above the insertion of the antennae an arc of
circle situated between the orbital setae and the genae.
PLEROPELETERIA PERINGUEYI, 0. sp.
Pleropeleteria peringueyt resembles Chaetopeleteria popelii Portsch.
and is of the same colour. It differs, in addition to the sub-generic
characters given above, by the somewhat wider frons; in the genae
the width from top to bottom is equal. Antennae and chaetae blackish ;
legs entirely black. The thorax bears 4 dorso-central setae behind the
suture.
Length 11 mm.
A @, from Cape Town, sent by Dr. L. Péringuey.
Gen. MICROPALPUS Macq.
MicROPALPUS CAFFER, Nl. Sp.
Resembles so much M. prohecate Speis., that the examples belonging
to the Hofmuseums, Vienna, have been wrongly identified with it by
Speiser himself. It differs by: (1) The presence on the second and
third abdominal segments of sharp bristles interpolated on one side
with the discal setae and on the other with the marginal; (2) the
presence on the medio-ventral region of robust bristles on each
segment, as in Dejeania Rob. Desv. The antennae are dark rufous, the
legs are -testaceous, including the tarsi, which are provided in the ¢
with long claws and yellowish pulvilh.
The size is that of M. prohecate, the abdomen, which is also without
medio-dorsal band, is a little wider and more massive, the colour varies
from yellowish testaceous (Natal) to mahogany red (Nyassaland).
Examples from Tanganyika are brownish red, and have smoky wings
and somewhat brownish tarsi.
Several examples. Natal. Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric.
Museum; Nyassa, Mt. Mlanje (S. A. Neaves), Entom. Research
Commission ; Tanganyika region (Grauer), Vienna Museum.
MicROPALPUS PARCESETOSUS, N. Sp.
Elongate ; characterised by the small number of frontal setae and
by its sexual dimorphism, the ¢ having the facies of M. angulicornis
Speis., the Q resembling altogether M. frater and M. lithosiophaga
Rond.
é. Face whitish, orbits yellowish, antennae blackish, third joint
wide, partly obscure rufous; proboscis as usual, palps comparatively
472 Annals of the South African Museum.
developed, a little longer than the terminal hair, testaceous. Surface
of the peristome and higher occiput without small black setae. The
somewhat short frons has 1 pair of long vertical inner crossed setae,
2 ocellary setae diverging in front, and on each side developed ascend-
ing frontal, 2 or 3 reduced transfrontal, and 2 setae under the insertion
of the antennae. Thorax ashy yellow with the usual obscure bands :
3, sometimes 4 de.; st. = 241; pteropleural seta like the anterior
sternopleural. Scutellum partly rufous. Abdomen testaceous-yellow,
Ist segment wholly black above, but only in front on the sides ; a black
medio-dorsal band, partly hidden by the light ashy down, runs across
the 2nd segment and expands ina triangle on the 4th segment, the
rest of the segment and the hypopygium being red. The 2nd segment
has no discal seta, the 3rd has a pair. Legs testaceous, marked on the
anterior face of the femora with a black spot at their insertion, and
with another near the knees assuming often the shape of a small band ;
the tibiae are more or less darkened on the external side, the tarsi are
black. Claws and pulvilli hardly elongate. The colour of the legs
recalls that of M. affinis Cort.
2. Ashy white, orbit greyish, scutellum rufous at apex ; abdomen
sectioned by transverse bands having a black sheen; end of last
segment widely red. Legs of the same colouras in the 6, the anterior
tarsi dilated. Antennae narrower and more elongate.
In the two sexes, the Ist nervure of the hyaline wing is naked, and
the 3rd is finely ciliate close to the small transverse nervure.
Length 8-10 mm.
N.W. Rhodesia (Chilanga) ; Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje (S. A. Neave)
Entom. Res. Comm. ; Cape Town, Graham’s Town, bred from pupae.
8. Afric. Museum.
Gen. TACHINOMIMA Br. & Berg.
TACHINOMIMA LAXICEPS, N. Sp.
Elongate ; blackish on the thorax and scutellum, the latter partly
dull reddish. Abdomen moderately shining, testaceous red; Ist
segment black in the hollow; 4th black in the two posterior thirds,
having a pruinose whitish band on the anterior, or sometimes of the
same colour as the other segments and black at the end only. A
medio-dorsal band, sometimes entire, sometimes stopping at the end of
the 2nd segment, sometimes also almost totally obliterated, unites or
tends to unite the two black extremities of the abdomen. Legs black
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 475
with the tibiae partly testaceous ; anterior claws of the ¢ elongate ;
anterior tarsi moderately dilated in the 9. Wings somewhat greyish,
the third nervure is ciliated moderately far, to some distance of the
small transverse nervure, the posterior transverse nervure is slightly
sinuose, set very near the cubitus of the fourth nervure and lying in
the prolongation of the apical nervure. Squamae whitish, halteres
dark testaceous towards the base. The abdomen bears a pair of discal
setae on segments 2 and 3; venter with long, moderately robust black
setae on the sternites. Thorax with 3 dorso-central setae, 2 + 1,
sternopleural setae strong and long, especially the hind one ; ptero-
pleural seta like the latter.
The head is the characteristic part of this species. The vertex is
wider than the eye in both sexes, the frons is bulging, the genae are
developed, the peristome is twice the length of the genae and has a few
long black setae bending forward planted on its surface. Proboscis
black, very long, thinned as in Trachinomima B. B. ; palps rudimentary
and looking like small spindles shorter than the terminal hair.
Antennae moderately long and blackish, the second joint of the chaetae
more elongate than in 1’. longiiostris Macq. Superior part of occiput
without small black setae. In the two females at my disposal (the
setae are broken in the ¢), there are 2 vertical setae, the inner of
which is directed backwards, and a prevertical seta turning outwards.
The frontal setae extend down the genae to close to the eye; they number
3 or 4 and are scattered, outwardly with them are small black setae
situated in front of the orbital setae and scattered on the genae instead
of assuming there the fasciculate arrangement obtaining in T'rachino-
mima (due, doubtless, to the greater width of the frons, which would
account for the scattering of the setae).
Length 13 mm.
Hab. Cape Town. S. Afric. Museum ; Cape of Good Hope (Vienna
Museum); Natal. Entom. Res. Com.
PLAGIOCOMA, n. gen.
Erol:
This genus is in fact a Micropalpus the genae of which bear several
rows of long ciliae continuing those that cover the orbital region. I
have seen one female only captured at Port Elizabeth (Cape) by Mr.
J. Bequaert. The anterior tarsi are somewhat strongly dilated, and
the abdomen does not exhibit the characters assigned by Brauer and
Bergenstamm to their genus Chaetophthalmus.
474, Annals of the South African Museum.
jiives, il,
PLAGIOCOMA CRASSISETA, D. Sp.
A robust species. Head with red background, covered with a
whitish indumentum, frontal band rusty red; frons projecting and as
broad as the diameter of the eye; orbits, genae and peristome broad.
Owing to the narrowing of the hind part of the frons the vertex is
only the width of one eye. Antennae black, moderately long, the apex
rounded at its anterior angle ; chaeta also black, thickened to the end,
the second joint short. Proboscis little elongate, as usual ; its second
segment a little longer than the first, deflexed, black, labella also
black. Palps very short, thickened, bearing very small black hairs.
The frontal setae include inner crossed vertical setae, and less long
inner ones, | prevertical seta turned outwards, and | pair of developed
ocellary setae; 3 frontal setae set in an arcuate row below the inser-
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 475
tion of antennae are noticeable. The upper occiput is without small
black setae ; but the surface of the peristome bears long setae. Thorax
black, with 4 dark bands and 3 de.; scutellum and shoulders testaceous,
a band of this colour surrounds the tergum except in front. Sterno-
pleural =2-+1; pteropleural, as developed as the anterior and inferior
sternopleural. Abdomen moderately wide, dark red testaceous obscured
by a weak ashy pruinose down, bands with whitish or obscure sheen
according to the light; segments 2 and 5 with a pair of discal; strong
marginal setae are visible on the medio-ventral region of all the
seements. Legs black with the tibiae partly testaceous. Wings
hardly tinged with grey; 3rd nervure with 5-6 ciliae at the base, the
transverse posterior nervure, inserted very near the cubitus of the
Ath, is arcuate at the base only, then straight and reclining in the
prolongation of the apical nervure. Squamae whitish; halteres
testaceous.
Length 15°5 mm.
Gen. STOMATOMYA Villen.
SToMATOMYA METALLICA, N. sp.
Resembles wonderfully Campylochaeta glauca Karsch. = metallica
Bez. Differs by the long claws of the anterior legs in the ¢, the long,
crossed, more or less erect setae of the scutellum, and by the wings
provided with a costal spine and having an appendage to the cubitus
of the 4th nervure. The coloration is metallic-blue mingled with
violet ; wings hyaline, squamae white, halteres dark, testaceous at
base; legs wholly black.
The chaetotaxy is the same as in Campylochaeta glauca; there are
no ciliae where the frontal setae end, and the pair of discal setae on
the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments are variable, and often mixed
with other small erect setae. The size is the same, the facies a little
more robust.
Length 8-11 mm.
Southern Rhodesia, Salisbury (Dept. of Agric.), bred from the
caterpillar of a Noctuid moth of the genus Athetis; Natal, Durban
(H. W. Bell-Marley) ; M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) ; 8. Afric.
Museum.
Gen. STURMIA Rob. Desv.
SruRMIA (CROSSOCOSMIA VIX) AURIFRONS, 0. sp.
There is in Africa a group of species in the ¢ ¢ of which the
pulvilli and claws are elongated (the latter are often truncate), the
476 Annals of the South African Musewm.
two first abdominal segments are without median marginal setae (or
if there are some on the second segment they are slender and decum-
bent). These characters do not, however, obtain in the 2 9, which
show median setae slender on the first segment, and well developed on
the second. This leads to the group Blepharipoda B. B., sensu stricto
represented in the African fauna by a very large number of species
difficult of distinction or of good characteristic description.
S. aurifrons is widely spread in Southern and Tropical Africa. The
head is yellowish, bright golden on the frons and occiput ; thorax
opaque or bronzy flavescent, sectioned by 4 black, narrow lines, the
outer one semi-colon shaped; the scutellum is of similar hue, the
background being partly rufescent. The background of the abdomen
is reddish, easily noticeable laterally, the first segment appears to be
black, the following segments show each a dark posterior band, and a
bright ashy one in front, the latter is intersected by a medio-dorsal
black band. Inthe ¢ the third segment carries on the ventral side
an obscure spot covered with appressed black hairs and situated on
each side of the median line. The wings are greyish, light brown at
the base and along the anterior border, the hue becoming thinner
beyond the small transverse nervure. Squamae whitish-yellow or dirty
white ; halteres testaceous, the club fuscous. Legs black, the tibiae
more or less ferrugineous in the centre. Antennae blackish ; the second
joint obscurely testaceous, the third twice and a half as long as the
second. Palpi dark at the base, yellow, and thickened towards the apex.
The @ is of the same colour as the 8, but the abdomen is opaque
and the bands are wider and more densely ashy.
Chaetotaxy : frontal setae rather short, and not reaching in front
the apex of the second antennal joint, which is a little elongated ; there
are often black ciliae below the end of the genae. In addition to the
crossed frontal setae, one counts on each side 2 ascending frontal,
2 setae on the vertex, the outer being slender in the ¢ and thickened
in the 9 ; ocellary setae absent but distinct in the 2, which bears two
orbital ones. There are a few small black setae above the large
vibrissae, but none on the upper occiput at the back of the ciliae.
Thorax: de. = 4; st. =2+1. Abdomen: segments 1 and 2 void
of marginal setae in the ¢; segment 1 with 2 weak median, segment
2 with 2 median, valid and erect in the 9, and similar to those forming
the complete row always found on segment 3.
Wings: Costal spine most minute; 2-3 ciliae above and under at
the base of the third longitudinal nervure. Cubitus of the fourth
nervure straight, the apical transverse arcuate, the posterior transverse
little flexed and distant from the cubitus.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 477
Length 10-15 mm.
A good number of individuals from Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje (S. A.
Neave); some from Uganda ; one from Sierra Leone (J.J. Simpson) ;
one from Zululand, M’fongosi (W. E. Jones); 8. Afric. Museum, etc.
SrurMiA (BLEPHARIPODA) SEMITESTACEA, N. Sp.
This species is in size and general appearance like the European
S. sylvatica Fall. It belongs to a group of Stwrmia in which the ¢
has short fore claws, and the second abdominal segment is provided
with two marginal setae as much developed as in the 9. It is distin-
guished by: (1) the development of the ocellary setae which in length
and robustness approximate the inner vertical seta, and the same obtains
for the ascending frontal setae; (2) the colour of the abdomen; the
first segment is blackish above and under; the second and third are
light testaceous red veiled by a greyish white down in the g, denser
than usual in the Q, edged with black behind and crossed by an
obscure medio-dorsal band; fourth segment thickly ashy white. The
¢ bears a large, black, ovate latero-ventral spot (resulting especially
from the compressed shape of the abdomen in the ¢ ¢ of this group;
there are cases where this ovate spot is thrown out laterally) resting
on the hind border of segment 3, and covered with appressed and
closely set hairs; another small and triangular patch is discernible on
the same level on segment 2. The scutellum rufous, with a dusting of
ashy grey thicker on the 9, and with two weak setae moderately long
and crossed at apex. Thorax ashy grey with the usual black lines:
de. = 4; gy. = 2 + I, sometimes 2 + 2. Head whitish; orbits
slightly ashy, wider than the frontal band, which is black; width of
vertex: ¢ = +of theeye; 9 = Sof the eye. Genae bare, as wide
as the orbits; peristome as wide as the prominence of the frons in
front of the eye. On each side are two ascending setae, the others
reach the end of the second antennal joint, which is testaceous, and the
third is about four times as long and blackish. Above the larger
vibrissae are small reclining setae reaching beyond the lower third of the
epistome. Upper occiput without black setae behind the ciliae. Palps
cylindrical, yellow. Wings somewhat greyish, cubitus of the fourth
nervure alinost straight, and with a short dark reflection in the form
of an appendage ; apical transverse weakly arched; posterior trans-
verse little wavy, situated far from the cubitus ; costal spine absent ;
three ciliae at the base of the third nervure above and below. Squamae
whitish ; halteres testaceous. Legs black; the tibiae sometimes
testaceous in the centre; hind tibiae with long ciliae together
478 Annals of the South African Museum.
with a long median seta underneath which the ciliae are a little
shortened.
Six examples from the 8. Afric. Museum. 1 9 from Nyassaland
(Dr. J. E. 8. Old), Entom. Res. Comm.
StuRMIA (BLEPHARIPODA) ANGUSTIFRONS, Nl. Sp.
Belongs to the same group as the preceding species, and is likewise
remarkable owing to the ocellary setae and the ascending frontal
setae. It is characterised by its small size (10-12 mm.) and its less
wide shape; by the narrow frons (3 eye to vertex in the g, 3 in the
2 ) having lateral, parallel borders little jutting out, with orbits less
wide than the frontal band. The result is that the genae being of
the same width as the orbits, and the peristome as broad as the pro-
tuberance of the frons, a larger development of the eyes follows. The
two apical crossed setae of the scutellum are very long and robust.
Face with a white sheen, orbits slightly bluish; antennae black, mode-
rately narrow, third joint hardly four times the length of the second ;
chaeta pubescent. The occiput bears at its median part a row of small
black setae behind the ciliae, but these setae seldom reach the upper
part. Palps blackish, thick and yellowish at tip. Labella testaceous.
Thorax obscure, sprinkled with ashy grey, with four fine black lines,
the scutellum partly red; de. = 4; st. = 1+ 1 +4 1, the intermediate
slender. Abdomen: First segment darkish; the others with a white
band ashy grey in front, and a black band not definitely separated
behind. In the ¢ the second segment and the anterior portion of the
third is reddish, and the latter bears on the ventral side a rounded,
deep black spot covered with decumbent closely set black hairs. Wings
tinted with light brown at the base and along the anterior border as
well as in the proximity of the longitudinal nervures. There are two
ciliae at the base of the third nervure. Cubitus of the fourth nervure
blunt, straight or a little obtuse, the apical transverse vein weakly
arched, the posterior §-shape, and remote from the cubitus. Squamae
creamy-white; halteres testaceous. Legs black with the tibiae some-
times brownish-red ; the posterior with moderately equal ciliae and a
median seta.
In the only 9 example seen, the wings are hyaline, and the sides only
of the second abdominal segment are reddish.
Natal, Durban, 4 examples (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric.
Museum.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 479
SrurmMiaA (ARGYROPHYLAX) DILABIDA, Nh. Sp.
This species has with S. atropivora R. D., which also occurs at the
Cape, several characters in common, viz.: head broad, with 2 rows of
frontal setae; antennae of similar shape; 4 stenopleural setae ; 6 mar-
ginal setae on the third abdominal segment.
It differs by the ocellary setae which are inserted on each side of
the inner ocellus (it is in front of the ocellus in S. apivora) ; by
row of small black setae situated at the back of the ciliae on the
upper occiput (they are wanting in S. atropivora); by the antennal
chaeta, which thickens as the one half only; by the colouration, which
is ight ashy, slightly flavescent; thorax with 4 narrow black hues,
the outer ones semi-colon-shaped ; abdomen less massive, narrower,
thinly and transversely banded with black, the last segment broadly
black at apex. The hind part of the orbits and the ocellary space
also ashy flavescent. Scutellum partly reddish. Palps cylindrical,
blackish, arcuate and often reddish at the tip. Wings with the
cubitus of the 4th nervure straight or hardly obtuse, the apical curved
near the cubitus only, the hind transverse sinuose at base and thence
nearly straight, remote from the elbow; costal spine wanting, one
single cilia at the root of the ¢rd nervure. Squamae whitish; halteres
dark, testaceous at base. Legs black, fore claws of the ¢ moderately
elongate ; hind tibie ciliate, and with a median interposed seta. The
chaetotaxy is the same as for S. atropivora R. D.
Length 8 mm.
Natal, Durban, 8. Afric. Museum.
Gen. SERICOPHOROMYA Aust.
The genus Sericophoromya Aust. includes species which differ from
the genus Winthemia R. D. only by their larger size (about 12 mm.),
and especially by the minute claws of the anterior tarsi of the g ; the
abdomen is yellowish red on the first two segments, a medio-dorsal
black band crosses the second segment ; this band is sometimes narrow
(S. marshalli n. sp.), but oftener it becomes a triangular spot
(S. quadrata Wied. ; S. claripilosa Aust.; S. ruficrura n. sp.). The
thorax is noticeable owing to the abundant flavescent, woolly villosity,
always to be found on the pleurae, but invading thence the tergum,
seutellum, and abdomen in S. quadrata Wied. ; or restricted on the
dorsal side to the hind border of the thorax, the scutellary calluses
and the sides of the scutellum in S. claripilosa Aust., in which it
extends to the ventral surface of the abdomen and on the sides, and
also on the inferior edge of the femora.
480 Annals of the South African Museum.
In the first-named species the vibrissae ascend the facial ridges in
the manner of the Phoroceratidae, whilst in S. claripilosa and the other
Species there are only a few reclining small setae above the large
vibrissae. The abdomen in S. guadrata and S. claripilosa reaches its
greater width at the second segment; segments 3 and 4, through
being united, form a blackish cone edged by a narrow white or orey
band on the anterior part of segment 3. In S. marshalli and
S. ruficrura the sides of the abdomen are about parallel, and segment 4
is short and transverse, at least in the g, because the abdomen of the
2 assumes the conical shape.
SERICOPHOROMYA MARSHALLI, 0. Sp.
This species, as also the one following, is so near Winthemia, owing
to the parallel shape of the abdomen, the lanuginose villosity limited
to the pleurae, the short and directed forwards (descending) frontal
setae, and by the absence of marginal setae on the two first abdominal
segments in the g, that they might be mistaken for that genus. The
legs are entirely black as in S. claripilosa Aust. ; the characters already
mentioned above separate the two as well as the colour of the
abdomen, which is testaceous red on the first two segments and also on
the anterior half of the third; the rest is black, and the extremity of
the last segment is red in the g, and often black in the 9, which has
a short scooped oviduct. The median excavation of segment 1 is
black, and from it begins a medio-dorsal band crossing segment 2 ;
this band, usually even and somewhat narrow, is often wider in the 2
and rarely assumes the triangular shape. The last three segments
bear an anterior band of ashy down. The tergum is dusted with
flavescent and has four black lines; the scutellum is testaceous and
more obscure at base. The head is of the same shape as the other
species, and has a yellowish indumentum; the hairs on the genae are
pale, whereas they are black in S. claripilosa. Wings hyaline ;
narrower and hardly reaching the apex of the abdomen in the ¢.
Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), S. Afric. Museum ; Umgeni
Riv., Gold Coast, Ahuri (W. H. Patterson) ; Uganda (C. C. Gowdey ) ;
British East Africa (G. Pugh); Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje, where it
was captured by 8. A. Neave in company with S. clarissima Aust.
Entom. Res. Comm. ; Madagascar and Tananarive (Lamberton).
I call this species after Mr. G. A. K. Marshall. TI had already
described it in a note on the Higher Myodarii collected in Madagascar,
and which was to be published abroad, but of which I heard nothing
since the beginning of the war.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 481
SERICOPHOROMYA RUFICRURA, N. Sp.
This species has not to my knowledge been met with as yet in
South Africa, but its great resemblance to S. marshalli, all the characters
of which except the colour of the legs, which are testaceous with the
tarsi blackish, justifies its inclusion here. The tibiae are fuscous
towards the proximal third, and sometimes further. In S. ruficrura
the medio-dorsal black band of the second abdominal segment is broad
and more or less trapezoid in shape.
Several examples from Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje (S. A. Neave),
and one from the Gold Coast, Ahuri (W. H. Patterson), Entom.
Res. Comm.
Gen. CARCELIA Rob. Desv.
CARCELIA ANGULICORNIS, N. Sp.
The study of the African species of the genus Carcelia B. D. is
more difficult than that of the palaearctic species, because usually the
tibiae are black like the rest of the legs, or at least are very dark. If
to this is added a tendency to individual variation, the division of the
species is full of snares, and almost impossible unless there is an
abundance of material. Nor easier it is to connect them with other
known species, and to be sure that a species is not simply a variety
due to climatic influences. I have therefore postponed the study of
the moderately large material I have, and restrict myself at present
to a single well-characterised species, C. angulicornis, n. sp.
The typical examples come from Southern Nigeria, Oshogbo
(J. T. G. Mayer). The frons in the g¢ measures } of the length
from the eye to the vertex, and hardly more in the 2 ; the nearly
parallel borders diverge a little forward where the frons is moderately
projecting. The genae are narrow, especially below, and the peristome
is quite linear. The yellow palps are clubbed. The antennae are
remarkably long, covering the whole epistoma as faras the mouth (the
third joint is 7 times as long as the second) ; they are black and bear a
very long and fine chaeta thickened and slightly pubescent in the
proximal third. The shape recalls that of the genus Hemimacquartia
B. B., of which it is said: “ Antennae supra medium oculorum
articulus secundus brevis, tertius longissimus, latus, basi crassior,
antice ad basin convexus” (Brauer and Bergenstamm, par. 3, p. 101).
In the ¢ the antennae are very characteristic; in the Q the third
joint is seldom as much thickened or as convex at the base. The
orbits are ashy yellow, especially in the ¢, wider in front than the
482 Annals of the South African Museum.
frontal black band, narrower behind ( g ) or of equal width (9).
Thorax ashy with a wash of flavescent and with the four usual black
bands; scutellum dark, testaceous on its free border. Abdomen
black, the three last segments with an ashy pruinose band not clearly
defined and intersected by a narrow black line. The wings are some-
what greyish in the g , moderately clear in the Q ; the cubitus of the
fourth nervure is at right angle; the apical transverse arched above the
eubitus, then straight; the posterior transverse oblique, little flexed,
moderately removed from the cubitus; two or three ciliae at the base
of the third nervure above and under; no costal spine. Squamae
white with a tinge of yellow; halteres dark, testaceous at base. Legs
black, with the tibiae sometimes brownish red. Fore claws of ¢
moderately elongated.
Chaetotaxy: 2 ascending frontal setae (sometimes 3 in the ¢);
3 spaced setae going beyond the insertion of the antennae, the last one
situated below the antennal chaeta; 2 long ocellary setae turned
forwards; 1 long and robust inner vertical seta turned backwards,
1 external vertical turning outwards, short and weak in the g, more
developed in the 9. Thorax with 4 dorso-central setae and 2 + 1
sternopleural. Scutellum with 3 long marginal and a pair of apical,
crossed setae, the setae developed, not erect. Abdomen: segments 1
and 2 with 2 median marginal setae, segment 3 with a row of 8; all
these setae erect. No discal setae; segment 4 bristling with short
setae in its terminal half or more. Higher occiput without small
black setae at the back of the cihae; 5-4 small reclining setae above
the great vibrissae, which are long and robust. The hind tibiae are
somewhat regularly cilate with a small median seta. Length
8-10 mm.
In addition to examples from Southern Nigeria, I have received 2
typical 9 ¢ from Nyassaland, Mlange, collected the one by H. Brown,
the other by 8. A. Neave.
The South African examples differ a little from those above cited by
the slightly wider frons, the frontal setae, 2, seldom 3, of which impinge
on the genae, but in any case they are not spaced, and consequently do
not reach beyond the antennal chaeta. The hind transverse of the wing
is more sinuose; the base of the third nervure often bears 5 ciliae.
The examples are all 2 9; some, hatched, are greyish with the
squamae whitish, but in all the antennae are normal.
Sensu stricto, this species, owing to its sternopleural setae, is an
Ezxorista ; nevertheless, I include it in the genus Carcelia on account of
its other affinities. It inhabits the same region as Carcelia evolans
Wied., which it greatly resembles. C. angulicornis is elongated and
South African Higher Myodarii (Dip'era Calyptratae). 488
narrower ; OC. evolans belongs to the large-bodied group, and has only
1 + 1 sternopleural setae.
Gen. EXORISTA Meig.
EXoRISTA PILIPES, 0. sp.
Fig. 2.
A species which ought to be ina genus by itself. It has 2 sterno-
pleural setae as in the genus Carcelia R. D., but the head is different
EDISON
A fae
Ne ~<
3
Pts
% ;
1G, PE Whe
and resembles that of the genus Blepharipoda B. B. Peristome wide,
as is also the projection of the frons, antennae short, great vibrissae
inserted a little above the buccal opening. In the ¢ the anterior
tibiae are villose inwardly, the villosity is very long in the median
part.
Evxorista pilipes has the habitus and coloration of the palaearctic
E. glauca Meig. Head white with chalky sheen; frons nearly equal in
the two sexes, equal to half the diameter from the eye to the vertex ;
frontal band as broad as the orbits. Frontal ciliae somewhat slender,
projecting. little beyond the insertion of the antennae, and hardly
reaching the middle of the second joint; 3 or 4 ascending frontal on
each side; 1 pair of ocellary setae, well developed but moderately
484, Annals of the South African Museum.
slender, pointing forwards; 1 pair of long, vertical, crossed, inner
setae; no external vertical setae. Antennae black, moderately broad ;
joint 3 about 34 times as long as joint 2; chaeta black, long, attenuate
at apex, thickened in its first third. Palpi black. Upper occiput with
whitish villose hairs and without small black setae at the back of the
ciliae. Thorax with 4 obscure bands, the median shortened, the lateral
interrupted, 4 dorso-central setae. Scutellum rufescent, dark at base ;
the crossed apical setae as well developed as the marginal. Abdomen:
seoments 1 and 2 with 2 median marginal setae, segment 3 with a
complete row of 8-10 setae. No discal setae. Hypopygium hidden.
Wings hyaline; cubitus of nervure 4 straight or sub-acute; apical
transverse arched after the cubitus, then straight, long in the ¢, less
so in the 9; posterior transverse more or less sinuose, distant from the
cubitus. No costal spine, 3-4 ciliae at the base of the 3rd nervure.
Squamae whitish; halteres obscure, testaceous towards the base.
Legs black ; hind tibiae with the setae unequal and distant; claws of
g very long.
Length 10-12 mm.
Several examples from Natal, Durban (H. W. Marley); 8S. Afric.
Museum; Uganda (C. H. Marshall); Sierra Leone (J. J. Simpson) ;
Southern Nigeria (J. J. Simpson), Entom. Res. Comm.; Belgian
Congo (my collection); 1 g from Madagascar. The examples from
Uganda are dark grey with the scutellum non-rufous, of the same
colour as the thorax; among those from Southern Nigeria is a 2
with a lilac sheen on the head. Of the Congo examples, 1 ¢ has a
slightly yellowish head, and the villosity of the occiput is flavescent.
Gren. CATAGONIA Br. & Berg.
CATAGONIA SUBDISTINCTA, N. Sp.
Differs from the palaearctic C. aberrans Rond. by the frontal setae
descending on the genae to the number of 9 or 4 as far as the antennal
chaeta or further underneath ; nociliae at the terminal. In C. aberrans
there are two setae only on the genae, not projecting beyond the level
of the lower end of the 2nd antennal joint, and also fine ciliae below
these setae. Moreover in C. swbdistincta the frontal band is less broad
and the scutellum more rufous on its free border. The other characters
of the two species are identical.
Two ¢ ¢ from Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric.
Museum.
YS
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 485
Gen. NEMORAEA Rob. Desv.
NEMORAEA CAPENSIS, Schiner.
Schiner has described under this name a good species which does not
belong to the genus Nemoraea because the cubitus of the 4th nervure
has no prolongation, and that there are 5 sternopleural setae ; this
last character removes it from Winthemia R. D. and from Serico-
phoromya Aust. Schiner’s species bears on the tergum the 3 normal
pairs of acrostical setae in front of the suture; it is therefore not a
species of Hrnestia. It most nearly approximates the genus Chaetolyga
Rond., Gieschn. s. strict., but the hairiness of the genae is found, in
Schiner’s type, only on the upper part, whence it descends a little along
the facial ridge. In two other Cape examples this hairiness is wanting,
or is reduced to some ciliae under the frontal setae. One of these ( ¢ )
belonging to the Vienna Hofsmuseums, bears the label “ dasyops
Wied.,” but does not correspond to Wiedeman’s description : “on the
pleurae the hairiness is blackish ; the legs are black with the tibiae
brownish red, ete.” To these characters must be added that C.
capensis Sch. bears 2 pairs of vertical setae, no ascending frontal
setae; 4 de. on the thorax; 4 long median spaced marginal setae on
the 2nd abdomin segment; claws of all tarsi elongate.
Gen. ZENILLIA Rob. Desv.
ZENILLIA SORDIDA, N. Sp.
Similar in coloration to Antistasea fimbriata Bish ; the size is also
the same; but it is plainly allied to Zenillia barbata Rond., from which
it differs in small details only. Black, little shining, weakly sprinkled
with ashy on the thorax seen from behind, when there are discernible
4 black lines, with the median ones much spaced. On the abdomen,
segments 2 and 3 have a wide, but little defined, similar ashy band
narrowing on the4th. Width of the frons equal almost to 4 that from
eye to vertex; the orbits and also the peristome have a bright steel-
grey sheen ; the frontal opaque brown band is very wide in proportion
to the orbits ; the dark cinereous genae are narrow; the peristome is
about 1 of the width of the eye. Palpi and antennae black, in the
latter the 2nd joint is elongated, the 3rd is hardly 3 times as long as
the 2nd; chaeta black, 2nd joint a little elongated. Epistome greyish-
blue. Upper occiput with small black setae behind the ciliae; the
facial ridges bear on 2 of their lower part slender, closely set setae
erect in front as in Z. barbata Rond. ; the frontal setae, more robust in
99
009
A86 Annals of the South African Museum.
front, descend irregularly to the level of the antennal chaeta; on each
side are 1 long, ascending frontal, and 1 similar inner vertical; the
pair of ocellary setae, thrusting forwards, have the same development
as the others. The thorax bears 4 de.; st. = 2 + 1. On the entirely
black scutellum are discal erect setae and 5 long marginal on each
side, the apical are crossed and slightly bending upwards ; in addition
there is a pair of long and slender, closely set setae between the Ist
and 2nd marginal. Abdomen with marginal and discal setae; with
the latter are intermixed numerous shorter and weaker ones. Wings
ereyish, darkened towards the base. Cubitus of 4th nervure obtuse ;
apical transverse oblique and almost straight; posterior transverse,
S-shape, remote from theangle; 1st posterior cell of the wing narrowly
open next to the apex of the wing; 2 ciliae at the base of the 3rd
nervure ; costal spine absent. Squamae dirty yellow ; the upper small,
the lower broad; halteres testaceous, the club dark. Legs black ;
anterior claws of ¢ moderately elongate.
Length 7 mm.
Natal, 1 ¢, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric. Museum.
ZENILLIA (PALES?) ILLITA, nN. sp.
The type isa 9,9 mm. long, the head white with a silvery sheen,
orbits somewhat ashy grey, flavescent behind, frons rather narrow (2
the width from eye to vertex) with a broad blackish frontal band.
Thorax and scutellum ashy grey; the former with 4 black lines, the
latter more or less rufescent on the hindedge. Ist and 4th abdominal
segments wholly black, the last moderately shiny, segments 2 and 3
light ashy grey with dark sheen. Wings greyish, fuscous at the base
and towards the fore border, the nervures fuscous ; cubitus of 4th
nervure obtuse, nearly straight, blunt at apex; the apical transverse
moderately arcuate, posterior transverse nearly straight. Squamae
dirty white, halteres dark, testaceous at base. Legs black. Antennae
black, moderately robust, a little shorter than the epistome, 3rd joint
barely reaching the length of the 2nd; cheta very long, black,
thickened in the basal third, the second joint distinct, but short.
Palpi thick in their terminal half, black but with the apex more or less
rufescent. Peristome + of the width of the eye.
Chaetotaxy: 1 inner vertical ascending seta; 3 slender ascending
frontal on each side; 2 frontal sete below the insertion of the antennae
and little projecting beyond the middle of the 2nd joint; vibrissae
weak, spaced, the superior reclining, not ascending beyond the 3rd
superior part of the facial ridges. Higher occiput without little black
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 487
setae behind the ciliae. Two orbital setae; a pair of long ocellary
setae pointing forwards. Thorax: 4 de.; st.2 + 1. Scutellum with
4 marginal setae, the apical as much elongated as the others and
crossed. Abdomen: segment 1 with 4 median marginal setae, the
external weak ; segment 2 with 2 median; segment 3 with a row of
8 setae. No discal setae with the exception of a few short, irregularly
disposed setae on segment
the base of the 5rd nervure.
Natal, 1 ¢, Durban, 8. Afric. Museum.
T have 2 ¢ examples, one from the Gold Coast (W.H. Patterson),
the other from Northern Nigeria (J. W. Scott Macfie), which I would
identify with this species if the hind tibias were not densely and
regularly ciliate and bore a median seta; they have besides 1 +
sternopleural setae and no discal. On segments 2 and 3 of the abdo-
men are a broad ashy opaque band in front and a narrow black band
behind ; on segment 2 is a black medio-dorsal line as in the Q, little
visible and evanescent on segment 3. These ¢ @ vary also indi-
vidually ; in one, the two first segments are bare; in the other, the
palps are partly testaceous. If it were found later that they belong to
a distinct species I propose for it the name Zenillia bicinta n. sp. If
not, the 9, owing to its incipient discal setae, would be a new proof
that the genus Ctenophorocera B. B. lacks validity.
I have received from Dr. L. Péringuey 3 2 @ obtained from
hatching, which seem to be the palaearctic Pales pavida Meig.; one
has only marginal setae on the abdomen (Ctenophorocera B. B.),
another has 2 short discal setae on segment 3, while in the third
these discal setae are well developed (Pales R. D.). It follows that
in the last-named genus, certain species undergo a reduction affecting
not only the length but also the number of the setae. So far as
the vibrissae are concerned what is true of Pales is also true of
Zenillia R. D., because in these two genera the separation is not
definite, they include extreme forms whereas there are intermediate
forms, and as in the ¢ the vibrissae ascend usually higher than in
the 2, one can be led to the absurd conclusion that each of the
sexes standing by itself will be included in a different genus. Pan-
dellé is therefore justified in accepting the genus Zenillia R. D. only,
which moreover has the priority.
o
e
3. Wings: no costal spine; 2 ciliae at
PROZENILLIA, n. gen.
I propose this genus for a species having the same coloration as
the preceding, the scutellum broadly rufous and the wings hyaline with
488 Annals of the South African Musewm.
the cubitus of the 4th nervure often with a weak umbrate line. The
distinctive characters are: the minute anterior claws in the ¢, and the
presence of 2 + 2 sternopleural setae. Abdomen without discal setae.
Antennae very long, robust, covering the whole of the epistome ; 2nd
joint very short, 3rd 7 to 8 times as long as the 2nd ; antennal chaeta
much elongate ; 2nd joint distinct; 3rd joint thickened in the basal
third, thence slender. Erect, equal, moderately long vibrissae ascend
above the great one as far as the centre of the facial ridges.
PROZENILLIA DISTANS, Nh. Sp.
Black, moderately brilliant on the abdomen; segment 2 with a light
ashy anterior band interrupted in the centre and obliterated before
reaching the sides ; segment 3 with a similar band, but wide and nearly
entire, beg incised in the centre only ; segment 4 wholly shiny black ;
2 median marginal setae on the two basal segments. Scutellum with 4
marginal setae, the apical moderately developed and crossed. Colour
of thorax and head same as in the preceding species, the first with 4 de.
Frons wider (width equal to 3 of the distance from the eye to vertex
in the ¢); 1 outer vertical seta; 1 long, ascending inner vertical seta ;
2 ascending frontal on each side, and a pair of ocellary setae thrusting
forwards and equally long and robust ; 3 frontal setae somewhat spaced
below the insertion of the antennae and plainly descending lower than
the chaeta. Upper occiput with small black setae at the back of the
cilae. Antennae and palpi black, the latter arcuate and thickened at
end. Legs black; hind tibiae ( ¢ ) with a row of moderately closely
set setae which at first increase from above to below, then regularly
diminish in length, this row has a longer seta in the centre. Wings
with pale nervures at base; cubitus of the 4th nervure straight or a
little obtuse ; apical transverse nearly straight and moderately oblique,
posterior transverse, slightly flexuose, removed from theangle. Costal
spine absent ; 2 strong ciliae at the base of the 3rd nervure. Squamae
whitish with a yellowish slender border; halteres testaceous, club
blackish.
Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric. Museum.
G3|to
CHAETOLYDELLA, n. gen.
Fig. 3.
Facies of the genus Lydella R. D., owing to its elongated and
cylindrical shape; wing with the cubitus of the 4th nervure at right
angle or subacute, and provided with a long prolongation as in
Tachina Meig.; 5rd nervure ciliated to near the small transverse.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 489
The eyes have scattered hairs, and are about equally distant in the
two sexes (width 2 that from eye to vertex in the ¢, and 4 in the
Q). The 6 bears, like the 2, 2 orbital setae and the claws of
the anterior tarsi project little beyond the length of the last joint.
Thorax : sternopleural setae = 1 + 1; dorso-central = 3 ; acrostical
setae complete. Scutellum with 4 marginal setae, the apical shorter
and weaker, crossed. Abdomen with marginal setae only. Legs long.
Head raised; frons moderately convex ; epistome oblique below and
behind, eyes oblique below and in front; peristome wide (width
equal to + or 2 that of the eye) and short. Antennae inserted in
front of the median part of the eyes, more or less shortened above
the mouth; 2nd joint elongated, 5rd nearly 23 the length of the 2nd ;
antennal cheta moderately long, slightly pubescent, with the 2nd
joint distinct but short. Great vibrissae very long, situated on the
level of the buccal border, a few short setae ascend along the facial
ridges to above the inferior angle of the eye; 1 pair of weak but
somewhat developed ocellary setae; 1 inner vertical, 1 prevertical
turning backwards and outwards; in front the frontal setae project
beyond the insertion of the antennae to the number of 1-2 only.
Higher occiput with small black setae towards the median part, and
somewhat far beyond the ciliae, these small setae are sometimes
wanting. The peristome bears frequently a strong discoidal seta.
ee
a eee
4.90 Annals of the South African Museum.
CHAETOLYDELLA NATALENSIS, N. Sp.
Face with whitish sheen; antennae testaceous, more or less
darkened on the 3rd joimt; antennal chaeta dark, thickened at the
base ; palpi moderately thick, pale testaceous; proboscis not elongated,
fleshy, with thick labella, wholly testaceous. Orbits equal in width
(3) or wider ( 2 ) than the blackish frontal band, ashy like the thorax
and the seutellum ; thorax with 2 black dorsal bands, remote from
each other and duplicated in the inner side with a narrow line of the
same colour; shoulders and free edge of the scutellum rufescent.
Abdomen testaceous red and with a broad black medio-dorsal band
slightly hidden by pruinose down forming undefined transverse bands
with whitish sheen. Segment 1 of abdomen deeply excavated and
bare ; segment 2 with 2 marginal median setae; segment 3 with an
entire row; segment 4 with 2 complete rows, the one discal, the other
subapical. Hypopygium retracted, testaceous, the forceps dark.
Wings hyaline in the basal half with the nervures yellowish, greyish
beyond the middle with the nervure surrounded by a broad brownish
border; no costal spine. Squamae cream colour, halteres pale testa-
ceous hike the coxae, the rest of the legs bright testaceous except the
tarsi, which are black.
The ? is distinguished from the ¢ not only by its somewhat wider
frons and the minute claws of the tarsi, but also by its darker colour ;
the black band of the abdomen spreads broadly as far as the sides.
Length 12-13 mm.
Many examples from the Cape; Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-
Marley; W. Haygarth); Transvaal, S. Afric. Museum; Nyassaland, Mt.
Mlanje (8. A. Neave), Entom. Res. Comm.
LYDELLINA, n. gen.
Fig. 4.
I identify as Lydellina caffra Macq. a series of examples varying
in size according to localities, and having the abdomen as described and
figured by Macquart; but, contrary to Macquart’s statement, the face
has a border of small, spaced setae ascending more or less high.
Nevertheless, I think I am justified in preserving the name of the
species, because these setae vary in number, and are even absent in
small individuals from the Gold Coast. The characters of the new
genus are as follows:
In both sexes the eyes are about equally distant. On the frons are
2 orbital setae; its width at the vertex equals + of that of the eye
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 491
inthe ¢,and1linthe 9. The ¢ is recognisable by the elongated
claws of the fore tarsi; the narrow black band of segment 3 of abdomen
in the @ is replaced by a broad, moderately shiny band bearing on the
lateral ventral side (the venter is a little compressed in this species),
a patch of black, closely set, decumbent hairs corresponding to the
ventral patches of the genus Argyrophylax B. B.
Thorax ashy slightly flavescent, with 4 dark lines, the lateral line
comma shape. Acrostical setae complete; 4 dorso-central setae ;
2 + 1 long sternopleural setae. Scutellum with the free edge
reddish, and with 5 marginal setae, of which the apical, weaker and
shorter, are crossed. Abdomen: segment 1 deeply excavated and with
12 weak median marginal setae ; segment 2 with 2 more robust median
marginal; segment 3 with a complete row of long, spaced setae; no
discal setae on any of these segments ; apex of segment 4 very obliquely
truncate.
LypDELLINA CAFFRA ? Macq.
The head is moderately high and white; the ocellary region is pale
or golden flavescent ; the orbits are also more or less flavescent behind,
with a blackish sheen ; their width is about equal to the black frontal
492 Annals of the South African Museum.
band. Antennae black, long, covering almost the whole of the
epistome; 2nd joint very short, 3rd, 7-8 times as long as the 2nd,
but sometimes less in the 92 ; antennal chaeta long and fine, black,
thickened at the base, slightly pubescent. Palpi robust, black, as is
also the proboscis, which is thick and not elongated. The frontal setae
include: 1 pair of ocellary setae directed forwards, well developed, and
even robust in the 9 ; on both sides 1 pair of vertical setae, the outer
ones short, and 2 ascending frontal. Forward, 2 frontal setae reach
beyond the insertion of antennae as far as the end of the 2nd joint.
Above the very long great vibrissae, short and reclining facial setae
ascend generally as far as the centre of the epistome or a little beyond.
Upper occiput with a row of small black setae behind the ciliae.
Wings slightly greyish or yellowish-grey ; no costal spine; 4-6 ciliae
at the base of the 3rd nervure. Cubitus of the 4th nervure a little
obtuse and blunt; posterior transverse hardly flexuose, distant from
the cubitus. Squamae whitish; halteres testaceous, club dark.
Legs black; tibiae often reddish-brown ; the posterior with unequal
setae.
Length 7-15 mm. The small examples (7 mm.) are from the
Gold Coast.
Cape Town (L. Péringuey); Natal, Durban (F. Leigh), 8. Afric.
Museum ; Nyassaland.
Gren. PEXOPSIS Br. & Berg.
PEXOPSIS PYRRHASPIS, N. Sp.
Wholly ashy grey; scutellum partly pale rufous; abdomen with
weak, dark beams on segments 2 and 3 which bear behind an obscure
band, segment 1 blackish and deeply excavated, segment 4 bright
shining red in the terminal half, which is bristling with black setae
moderately robust and disposed on 2 rows. Segments 1 and 2
with 2 erect, median, marginal setae ; segment 3 with a row of spaced
robust setae.
Head high, greyish white, moderately opaque; frons projecting,
about as wide as the diameter of eye to vertex; orbits becoming in
front wider than the dark frontal band; face somewhat reclining,
facial ridges exposed, projecting, yellowish and with small, closely set
setae immediately above the great vibrissae, the latter inserted slightly
above the buccal opening. Peristome as wide as 2 of the height of
the eye. The broad genae often bear sparse ciliae at the very top as
in Viviania B. B. Antennae long and narrow, but nevertheless shorter
South African Higher Myodarvi (Diptera Calyptratae). 498
than the epistome; Ist joints testaceous, 3rd more or less fuscous,
and 6—7 times the length of the 2nd; the dark chaeta, which is hardly
as long as the antenna, is thickened as faras the end, and the 2nd joint
is very short. Palps testaceous ; proboscis short. One long, inner,
ascending vertical seta, and another short, vertical, external ; 2 frontal
ascending on each side; ocellary setae as much developed as the
frontal; 2 frontal setae descend below the insertion of the antennae as
far as the level of the chaeta in the direction of the eyes. Thorax
barred with 4 obscure lines, the external semi-colon shape; 4 de. ;
st. = 2 + 1; acrostical setae complete. Legs blackish, knees testa-
ceous, tibiae more or less light reddish-brown, posterior with somewhat
equal setae with a long median. Wines hyalne; cubitus of the 4th
nervure straight, blunt at tip, with the apical nervure moderately
arched ; the posterior transverse almost straight, distant from the
cubitus ; 5—6 strong ciliae at the base of the 5rd nervure ; costal spine
minute. Squamae whitish ; halteres testaceous.
2 9 92 Cape Colony, Kimberley (Bro. J. H. Power), 8S. Afric.
Museum; Nyassaland (J. E. 8. Old), Entom. Res. Comm.
This species is closely allied to P. femoralis Bez.
‘Gun. TACHINA Meig.
TACHINA DUPLARIA, N. sp.
This species, which varies from 5mm. ( 2) to 9 mm. g , is moderately
shiny black with 3 whitish circles on the abdomen; ‘scutellum wholly
fuscous ; thorax sprinkled with white and having the usual black lines,
and with the 4 dorso-central setae. Second abdominal segment with 4
median marginal setae ( ¢), or 2 only (2), ¢ with a wide blackish
frontal band ; the narrow orbits are flavescent together with the upper
part of the genae, where the frontal setae, numbering 4, descend at least
as far as thecentre of the epistome ; in the @ the orbits, almost as wide
as the frontal band, are reduced to 2 spaced ones. In the inferior
third only the facial ridges bear small reclining setae. The antennae
are elongate without reaching, however, the inferior end of the epistome ;
they are black and the 5rd anterior joint is about 4 times the length of
the 2nd ( 3), or sometimes less (9). The obscure palps are rufescent
on the edge in the 6, yellow in the @. In the § the hypopygium
bears below a brush of bright rufous or pale hairs; at the end of the
abdomen is a narrow curette-shape gouge. Wings greyish white with
a costal projecting spine, and 4—5 ciliae at the base of the 5rd nervure,
Squamae whitish.
494, Annals of the South African Museum.
Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), 1 3%, S. Afric. Museum ;
Nigeria; and Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje, ¢ and 9, Entom. Res. Comm.
This species must not be mistaken for 7. decidua Pand., which I
have received also from Cape Town. In the ¢ of the latter, the head
and orbits are ashy white, the latter are as wide as the narrowed frontal
band ; the hypopygium has no rufous hairs under the forceps.
Gen. TRICHOLYGA Rond.
TRICHOLYGA IMPEXA, ll. Sp.
In the collection of the Hofmuseums of Vienna is a ¢ example
collected on December 15th, 1896, by Dr. H. Brauns at Uitenhage, Cape
Colony. In this ¢, the Ist segment of the abdomen is fuscous,
segment 2 flavescent or whitish and intersected by a black medio-
dorsal line; on segment 3, which is twice as long as the Ist, is a
narrow ashy line running along the anterior border and interrupted in
the centre, the remainder of the segment is at first moderately bright
black with a faint coppery tinge, and after that darkened by very
numerous moderately long hairs, closely set and appressed ; segment 4
short and black, shining as if varnished. Hypopygium retracted and
without a brush of rufous hairs under the forceps. Thorax ashy grey,
shghtly flavescent, barred with the usual 4 lines; 4 de., st. = 2 4 2.
Scutellum wholly fuscous. Head ashy white, orbits with a flavescent
tinge ; 4-5 long, spaced frontal setae descending on the genae as far as
the middle of the epistome ora little beyond; 3 shorter but rigid setae
hang over the large vibrissae. Antennae long, brownish; 8rd joint 4
times the length of the 2nd; the 2nd joint of the similarly coloured
antennal chaeta elongate. Palpi yellow, a little infuscate in their
outer face. Wings ample, hyaline, pale yellow at the base; 2 ciliae
at the base of the 3rd nervure; no costal spine. Squamae somewhat
yellowish, halteres obscure, testaceous at base. Legs black.
Length 9 mm.
I have received from M. J. Bequaert a ¢ of the same species from
the Congo. It differs merely in the palpi, being fuscous and rufous
at apex, and in having a wide posterior band on the 2nd abdominal
segment.
MYXARCHICLOPS, n. gen.
This genus belongs to the section Buwmhaueria B. B. Frons very
wide in both sexes (more than twice the diameter of the eye). In
addition to having the frontal setae crossed, the orbits are planted with
South African Higher Myodari (Diptera Calyptratae). 495
2 rows of robust, erect setae, one of which, situated at the back of the
external row, is longer and turning outwards, and parallel with the
outer vertical seta. Two ocellary setae directed outwards and slightly
in front. On the genae the 3 rows of the above-mentioned fronto-
orbital setae descend convergingly above the antennal chaeta as far as
the upper third of the epistome. At the end follow 2-3 small setae
situated near the eye, erect or shghtly bending forwards. The epistome
is somewhat reclining and the buccal border projeets as in Masistylum
B B.; on the facial ridges is a row of well-developed and moderately
even vibrissae ascending as far as the end of the fronto-orbitary setae.
The inferior vibrissae reach the edge of the buccal border. The
peristome is as wide as one-quarter of the height of the eye. Antennae
a little shorter than the epistome; 3rd joint about 4 times the length
of the 2nd ; chaeta no longer than the antennae and thickening until
its terminal third; 2nd joint distinct, but short. The pipette is
moderately long, thin and deflexed ; palps well developed, thickening
towards the apex. The ¢ differs from the 2 in having a single, long,
orbital seta directed forwards. On the thorax the acrostical setae are
complete ; 4 dorso-central setae behind the suture ; sternopleural setae
= 2 +1. On the scutellum are 2 rows of rigid setae, and on each
side 4 marginal, the apical ones of which are crossed and half upturned.
Abdomen: segment 1 wholly excavated, with 2 median marginal setae ;
the same on segment 2; segment 5 with a complete row ; segments 2
and 3 with uneven irregularly set setae ; segment 4 covered with setae.
Hypopygium of ¢ retracted. Wings with the Ist hind cell closed or
shortly petiolate, sometimes semi-open, cubitus of 4th nervure straight
with an umbrate prolongation caused by a dark reflection visible only
in certain light ; 3rd nervure ciliate at base as far as the small trans-
verse, or nearly so; no costal spine. Legs robust; anterior claws and
pulvilli of ¢ minute.
MyYxXaRCHICLOPS CAFFER, 0. Sp.
A small ashy grey species with whitish sheen on the genae and
peristome ; orbits slightly flavescent, a little wider than the black
frontal band; epistome dark testaceous like the basal part of the
antennae, the 3rd joint of which is brownish. Palps yellow, buccal
border rufescent. Abdomen: Ist segment black, the others with an
ill-defined posterior black band. Wings greyish, pale at the base,
nervures fuscous; posterior transverse slightly flexuose, moderately
distant from the cubitus. Squamae whitish; halteres yellowish with
the club fuscous. Legs black, posterior tibiae with somewhat uneven
setae, especially in the ¢.
496 Annals of the South African Museum.
Length 6-7 mim.
Cape Town (L. Péringuey), 5. Western District, 8. Afric. Museum ;
Natal, Mooi River (C. Wroughton), Entom. Res. Comm.
MYxXARCHICLOPS (?) MACULOSUS, n. Sp.
A single example which seems to be a 2. I include it provisionally
in the genus owing to the bad state of preservation of the frontal setae.
The frons is, as in the preceding species, broad with a median blackish
band. The grey orbits, as wide as the frontal band, are bare near the
eyes, where they are shiny black; there are noticeable 1 posterior frontal
seta turned outwards, and 3 robust, orbitary setae directed forwards.
The head is swollen as in Gonia, with the genae wide, a little broader
above than below, where they are as wide as the peristome. The robust
ocellary setae are disposed transversely ; 4 frontal setae disposed in a
very arcuate row ending near the eyes descend on the genae; imme-
diately under are 2-4 erect setae disposed in a vertical row somewhat
fan-shaped and preceded by sparse ciliae, in the manner of the preceding
species. Epistome slightly reclining, and hardly projecting at the
mouth; along the facial ridges, which are straight and testaceous, are
somewhat reclining vibrissae ascending to the upper fifth. Antennae
narrow, very long although abbreviated above the mouth, testaceous ;
3rd joint fuscous towards the apex, and from 6 to 7 times as long as
the 2nd; cheta moderately long (i.e. as long as or very little more
than the antenna), thickening towards the apex and blackish, with the
2nd joint elongated and a little bent on the 38rd. Palpi filiform, yellow.
Proboscis as in M. caffer.
M. maculosus is a robust species like the palaearctic Gonia, and bright
opaque ashy grey. The colour of the abdomen leads to its identity :
segments 2, 3, and 4 with 2 large well-established black spots situated
on the hind border of each side of the median line, and continued
laterally as far as the venter by a thin black line. Discal setae uneven
and irregular, 2 marginal median setae.on segments | and 2; an
interrupted row in the centre between the black spots on segment 3.
Thorax with 4 narrow black bands; acrostical setae in right number
in front of the suture; 4 dorso-central setae ; sternopleural = 2 + 1.
Scutellum partly rufescent, with 8 marginal and 1 apical, robust but
broken setae on each side. Wings more or less greyish, pale at the
base, and with a median costal spine. Third nervure with some spaced
robust ciliae at the base; cubitus of 4th nervure bent at right angle
with an umbrate prolongation ; apical central soon arched and inclined ;
1st hind cell narrowly open before the apex of the wing; posterior
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 497
transverse sinuous, moderately distant from the above-mentioned
cubitus. Squamae whitish; halteres yellowish, club fuscous. Legs
black; tibiae often brownish-red.
Length 12 mm.
Cape Colony, Springbokfontein (R. M. Lightfoot), S. Afric. Museum.
TRIXOCLEA, n. gen.
Fig. 5.
This genus is founded for a species with a bright violaceous metallic
tinge belonging to the section Triva B. B. The head is that of a
Ides fy Ge
Triza Meig. with the eyes bare and a little distant; the short palps
and the general facies recall Fortisia B. B.and Loewia Egg. ; the wing
is that of Zeuxia Meig., having the Ist posterior cell with a long petiole,
and the 4th nervure prolonged beyond the cubitus. Genae with an
oblique row of small rigid setae, at the back of which are numerous
ciliae disposed on two irregular rows; the frontal setae descend as far
as the half of the 2nd antennal joint. Thorax with two pairs only of
acrostical setae in front of the suture, the hind pair is wanting ;
4 descending setae; sternopleural = 2+ 1. Scutellum with 5 long
marginal setae, the apical of which are crossed. Abdomen with
segment | bare, the excavation limited by a border behind ; segments
498 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 and 3 with 2 median marginal setae. Claws with the anterior claws
of g¢ moderately elongated.
TRIXOCLEA METALLICA, Nl. Sp.
Has a broad purple sheen round the thorax, forming bands on the
tergum, covering almost the whole of the scutellum, the anterior half
of the abdomen, the sides and the whole venter: a colouring which is
doubtless variable. The genae are ashy white, the orbits and the
occiput are slightly violaceous, green or purple. Antennae and palps
testaceous ; antennal chaeta fuscous with the first two joints distinct
but short. Proboscis thin, deflexed, mostly wholly black. Wings
clear, yellowish at the base and along the anterior border, where the
nervures, which elsewhere are black, are yellow; no costal spine ;
5-6 ciliae at the base of the 3rd nervure. Squamae whitish, halteres
testaceous, the club fuscous. Legs robust, black.
One 6. Zululand, M’Fongosi (W. E. Jones), S. Afric. Museum.
PARARONDANTA, n. gen.
Antennae testaceous, short, projecting little beyond the epistome,
joints 2 and 5 equal, 3rd blackish. The chaeta is also black, thickened
at the base, the 2 first jomts distinct, but short. Palpi cylindrical,
testaceous, dark at apex. Frons a little wider than the eye, with the
sides parallel, and having a brownish median band twice wider than
the orbits, which are grey and bear 2 orbital setae. The ashy white
face is somewhat constricted by the eyes, and shorter than the
frons; genae and peristome narrower than the orbits. The lower
border of the eyes is on the level with the buccal, the great vibrissae is
inserted a little above it and surmounted by two small setae. No
frontal setae except one projects beyond the insertion of antennae.
Wings similar to the genus Styloneuria B. B.; cubitus of 4th nervure
obtuse; Ist hind cell with a short petiole reaching almost to the apex
of the wing; right posterior transverse equi-distant from the cubitus
and the small transverse ; costal spine long and projecting ; 1-2 ciliae
at the base. Squamae whitish; halteres wholly yellow. The face
narrower than the frons, as well as the narrowed epistome, the absence
of setae on the scutellum, and the neuration of the wings, are charac-
teristic of the genus, and separate it sufficiently from Rondania R. D.
PARARONDANIA MULTIPUNCTATA, Nl. Sp.
@. A small, pretty opaque grey species marked with round, well-
defined patches, namely: 4 on the thorax, 2 in front of the suture,
-. a
\
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 499
separated b¥ 2 parallel black lines, 2 behind the suture, and 8 on
the abdomen, 2 on each segment; in addition there is a quite lateral
spot on segments 2 and 3. Legs brown, trochanters and inter-
mediate and posterior tibiae testaceous. Frons with two vertical setae
on each side; 1 pair of well-developed ocellary setae. Thorax with the
acrostical setae complete in front of the suture ; 5 long dorso-central
setae; sternopleural setae 2 + 1, the antero-inferior piliform. Scutellum
with 1 lateral seta and | long and diverging subapical ; no apical setae.
Abdomen: segment 1 very thick at the back of the moderately deep
excavation, and with 2 median marginal setae; segments 2 and 3 with
a complete marginal and 2 discoidal rows, the latter continued right
and left by smaller and weaker setae set in a regular line.
Length 3 mm.
1 9, Cape Colony (George), 8. Afric. Museum.
THELATROSOMA, n. gen.
Fig. 6.
Same shape as Thelaira; head nearly similar. Differs: (1) by the
absence of discal setae on the abdomen; (2) the naked Ist nervure of
the wings; (5) the presence of 2 + 1 sternopleural setae.
500 Annals of the South African Musenin.
THELAIROSOMA FUMOSUM, Nl. Sp.
6. Head white; the width of the vertex’ is } that of the eye;
the black frontal band broadens in front, and is there wider than the
orbits; proboscis, palps and antennae black, antennal chaetae black
and short, plumose ; frontal setae descending on the genae as far as
the apex of the 2nd antennal joint. Thorax pruinose white with 2
broad dorsal bands prolonged on the pruinose scutellum ; the latter
with a pair of apical, crossed setae ; thorax with 4 dorso-central setae.
Abdomen black ; segments 2, 3 and 4 with a moderately broad whitish
band in the anterior part; segments 2 and 5 more or less tinged with
reddish on the sides; 1 pair of median marginal setae on segments 1
and 2. Wings fumose along the anterior border, and round the cells
which are thinned on the level of their insertion and more so at their
end. ‘'T'wo ciliae at the base of the 3rd nervure. Squamae whitish ;
halteres testaceous, the club obscure. Legs black; claws of anterior
tarsi elongated.
The 9 resembles the ¢ ; the frons is a little wider and bears 2
orbital setae ; the anterior tarsi are slightly dilated and the claws very
minute ; the abdomen has no reddish marks on the sides.
Length 7-11 mm.
Natal, Durban, several examples (H. W. Bell-Marley), 8. Afric.
Museum; Nyassaland, Mt. Malanje, numerous examples (S. A. Neave) ;
Gold Coast, Abura (W. H. Patterson), Entom. Res. Comm.; N.W.
Tanganyika, 1 # (Grauer), Hofmuseums, Vienna.
Susp-Fam. DEXIINAH.
Gen. ERIOTHRIX Meig.
ERIOTHRIX EXPERRECTUS, B. B. in Litt.
Of this species I saw 5 $ 6 only, the characters of which can be
resumed as follows: Species oblonga; thorace nigro; abdomine
flavotestaceo, paululum albo-pruinoso, vitta media nigricante atque
setosis numerosis instructa. Alis hyalinis, spina costali sat valida et
erecta, nervo 4° post cubitum appendiculato, cellula 1, a saepe clausa
atque breve petiolata. Pedibus brunneis, unguibus omnibus in
elongatis. Capite albido-micante; orbitis angustis; vitta frontali lata
atque ferruginea; antennis testaceis, articulo 3°, atricante secundo non
longiore. Palpis flavis ; haustello corneo, porrecto.
Length 9-10°5 mm.
Cape of Good Hope.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 501
The resemblance of this species to the genus EHriothriz is only
superficial. On the testaceous scutellum obscure at the base are 4 long
and robust marginal setae, the apical crossing each other; the thorax
with 3 de. has in front 2 pairs of acrostical setae only, the hind one is
wanting; on the other hand there are 3 complete pairs at the back of
the suture. Sternopleural setae = 2 + 1. Onthe vertex there is only
the pair of inner, crossed, vertical setae, and a pair of postvertical well
developed and arching forwards ; the width of the frons at this level
is } of the eye, and its narrowness is the cause of the triangular shape
of the frontal band; the frontal setae reach the inferior third of the
2nd antennal joint, which is elongated; the 3rd joint is not dilated
and equal in dimension to the 2nd. The black cheta is thickened at
its basal half; the length is scarcely 1} that of the antenna; the 2nd
joint is distinct but short. The cylindrical palps do not reach the
buccal border, while the somewhat thin and horny proboscis reaches
a little beyond it. The moderately wide epistome is about 2 that of
the eye. Higher occiput with 1-2 rows of small black setae behind
the ciliae, eyes hairy. The Ist segment of the abdomen is deeply
excavated and bare; the other segments bear 2 or more pairs of setae
gathered on the black medio-dorsal band, which does not reach the
apex ; the apex of the 4th resumes the uniform testaceous yellow tint,
which is also that of the hypopygium. Wings hyaline, nervures almost
entirely pallid; cubitus of the 4th V-shape, and with a short, real
prolongation as long as the petiole of the Ist posterior cell; hind
transverse S-shape; base of the 3rd nervure with 6 ciliae ; costal spine
projecting ; squamae whitish ; halteres dark. The petiolate posterior
Ist cell, and the projecting costal spine induced Brauer and
Bergenstamm to include this species in the genus Hriothriz Meig.; but
it is evident that all the other characteristics militate against this
opinion, and lead to the genus Hrestia R.D. The external shape of
the hypopygium (unprepared) seems to confirm this conclusion ; in a
fourth ¢ example which I just examined the Ist hind cell of the wing
is broadly open.
PYRRHOSIELLA, n. gen.
Fig. 7.
Eyes bare, distant, the width of the frons at the vertex is 2 that of
the eye. No ocellary setae, no external vertical setae; 1 orbital seta
only directed forwards ; the frontal ascending setae number 3, 1-2
advancing on the genae as far as the middle of the 2nd antennal club.
Head high ; face vertical, a little concave, with long antennae, the 3rd
34
502 Annals of the South African Museum.
joint of which is 5-6 times the length of the 2nd. Palps short, not
projecting much beyond the half of the buccal opening ; proboscis
moderately thin, usually deflexed. The great vibrissae are set on the
level of the buccal border. Genae and peristome narrow. Thorax
with 2 pairs only of acrostical setae ; the 2nd pair (intermediate pair)
_ in front of the suture, the hind pair in front of the scutellum. Three
dorso-central setae; sternopleural = 1 + 1. Scutellum with only 2
long marginal setae, one lateral, short and weak, the other subapical,
long, robust and diverging, no apical setae. Abdomen: All the
segments, even the ultimate, with long and erect marginal setae only ;
Iie, 7 2.
segments 1 and 2 with 2 median setae; segments 3 and 4 with a
complete row; segment 1, elongate and thinned in front, thickens
behind the mediocre excavation. Wings with the Ist hind cell open
to the apex of the wing; the cubitus of the 4th nervure is obtuse and
more or less rounded ; apical transverse straight, then bent parallel to
the 3rd nervure ; posterior transverse distant from the cubitus ; lastly
the 5rd nervure is ciliated often to the neighbourhood of the small
transverse. Inferior squamae very developed and with a visible border.
Legs long; anterior tarsi longer than the tibiae and slender ; anterior
claws minute.
To sum up, the genus would fall in Afylostoma B. B. (see the
detailed description of the genus by Brauer and Bergenstamm (Kat.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 508
Palaearce. Dipt., 1, p. 188), if the frons did not bear an orbital seta in
both sexes, which is the main characteristic of the new genus
Pyrrhosiellr.
PyRRHOSIELLA CINGULATA, Nl. Sp.°
P. cingulata is a black species. Head white, but shining black on
each side of the vertex; antennae and chaeta black, the latter shghtly
pubescent, long and fine and thickened beyond the first third ; palps
thinned towards the apex, brownish ; proboscis black. Thorax with a
thick white indumentum on the pleurae, slight on the tergum where 2
undefined black bands fused behind the suture are visible. Scutellum
black. Abdomen black with 3 white bands prolonged under the venter,
on which is also a white band under segment 1. Wings greyish or
brownish; hind transverse straight and nearly perpendicular; no
costal spine. Squamae whitish ; halteres entirely yellow. Legs black,
a band of white indumentum on the external face of the thighs. This
species is widely spread in Africa, from the Tropics to the South. The
body is as elongated as that of the Ocyptera. The two sexes are quite
alike and can be recognised by the examination of the genitalia only.
Length 8-9 mm.
Two examples from Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), S.
Afric. Museum; French Congo (EH. Roubaud); Belgium Congo (J.
Bequaert); Sierra Leone (J. J. Simpson); Gold Coast (W. H.
Patterson); Nigeria (Dr. Ingram, T. F. G. Mayer, J. W. Scott-
Macfie) ; Nyassaland, Mt. Malanje (S. A. Neave).
ASBOLEOLA, n. gen.
I deem it useful to describe here 2 species common in the tropical
region, and the affinities of which with the precedent genus are mani-
fest. The general characters are identical; the difference is in the
less raised head, and shorter antennae; the width of the frons in the
g measures half that of the eye, and there are no orbital setae ; that
of the 9 is a little wider and there are 2 orbital setae. Fourth abdo-
minal segment with a row of small discal setae. First posterior cell
opening in front of the apex of the wing. The anterior claws of the
3, instead of being very short, are as long as the ultimate tarsal joint,
or reach slightly beyond. The species are of larger size and form a
group belonging to the section Psewdodexidae degeeriaeformes Br. &
Berg. Pyrrhosiella belongs to the same group.
504 Annals of the South African Museum.
ASBOLEOLA ELEGANS, 0. sp.
$. Head white; orbits fuscous behind, more or less tinted with
flavescent golden in front, a coloration which spreads on the genae ;
peristome greyish blue. Thorax with the tergum somewhat shiny
black, like the scutellum ; shoulders and pleurae with a whitish indu-
mentum. Abdomen with the 2 first segments dark opaque, somewhat
shiny on the last ones; segments 2 and 3 reddish on the sides and on
the venter; a wide, cream-white, very thick band on the anterior part
of segment 3, narrowed on segment 2, slightly greyish blue and not
very noticeable on segment 4. Wings moderately ample, clear at base,
then soon infuscate along the nervures; posterior transverse a little
oblique, weakly sinuose. Squamae whitish, the inferior with a thick
white or yellowish border. Halteres wholly yellow. Legs long and
black.
Q@. Facies and colour of Pyrrhosiella cinygulata, but distinguished
from it by the larger size, the 2 orbital setae, the fuscous nervures
of the wings and the small discal setae on the 4th abdominal segment.
Length 10-11 mm.
Nyassaland, Mt. Mlanje(S. A. Neave). Numerous examples.
ASBOLEOLA ANGUSTIPENNIS, Nl. Sp.
I have seen 3 3 only of this species. They differ from the preceding
species merely by the longer and very narrow wings, which are more
uniformly smoky, with the more oblique apical and posterior trans-
verses, and by the abdomen, which is black, without trace of red
on segments 2 and 5.
Length 11-12 mm.
The validity of this species is not well established; in a ¢ from
Ruvenzori, collected by Dr. J. Bequaert, the abdomen is that of A.
angustipennis, and the wings those of A. elegans. It is probable
that the genus Asboleola is also represented in South Africa.
Belgian Congo (J. Bequaert); Sierra Leone (J. J. Simpson) ;
Uganda, Entebbe (C. C. Gowdey).
Gen. PHOROSTOMA, Rond.
PHOROSTOMA RUTILANS, 0. Sp.
Several g examples with the facies of the palaearctic Gymnodeaia
triangulifera Zett; but with 2 + 1 sternopleural setae, and the
abdomen reddish and without black triangular spots. Segments | and
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 505
4 obscure, segments 2 and 3 covered with pruinose, moderately thick
bright ashy grey down sectioned by a black, medio-dorsal black line. On
segment 2 a bare, reddish posterior band with obscure sheen, impinges
on the pruinose down on each side of the median line, advances to the
neighbourhood of the anterior border, and forms there 2 changing, ill-
defined spots visible only in certain light. On the sides the colour 1s
pale red on the first 3 segments, which on the venter side are edged
behind with brownish and clothed witha thick whitish pruinose down ;
Ath segment wholly obscure. Head as in Phorostoma subrotundatum
Rond.; and with the antennae also obscure-testaceous at the base ;
palpi testaceous. Thorax ashy and with the same bands ; wings
identical, 4 dorso-central setae on the thorax; 1 pair of long, median
marginal setae on abdominal segment 2; segment 1 bare. Legs black ;
anterior claws equal in length to that of the last tarsal joint ; posterior
tibiae moderately regularly ciliate with a long median black seta.
Length 9-11 mm.
Several 3 examples from Natal, 8. Afric. Museum.
OXYMEDORIA, n. gen.
Fig. 8.
This new genus is founded on a black species annulated with white
on the abdomen, and belonging to the same group of Pseudodexndae
degeeriaeformes.
@. The proboscis long, thin, directed forwards, palps a little thick-
ened and projecting in front of the mouth. Face oblique and slightly
concave; frons prominent; genae growing linear below, like the peri-
stome. Antennae elongate, with a long and fine chaeta thickening
towards the base and carrying ciliae longer than the diameter at its
widest part. Two orbitary setae; 1 pair of vertical setae, the inner
crossed with that of the opposite side; 1 single frontal seta above the
insertion of the antennae; ocellary setae wanting, or piliform. Thorax
with 2 pairs only of short and weak acrostical setae as in Pyrrhosiella ;
3 dorso-central setae ; sternopleural == 2 + 1, the antero-inferior weak,
in addition to the lateral seta and the long subapical setae the scutellum
bears a pair of less long, crossed apical ones. Abdomen similar to that
of the preceding species, but with a pair of discal setae on segments
2 and 3. On the 4th, the example has one discal seta only ; this seems
to point to the marginal setae alone being constant. Wings with a
costal, projecting, moderately long spine, the cubitus of the 4th nervure
obtuse and sub-rounded; the posterior cell open almost to the apex of
506 Annals of the South African Musewm.
the wing. One long cilia at the base of the 3rd nervure ; posterior
transverse distant from the cubitus.
1a, fey Se
OXYMEDORIA PALPATA, 0. Sp.
Head white; frontal band black, narrow, width of vertex equal to
2 of that of the eye; antennae black, a little ferruginous at base ;
palps and proboscis brown. Thorax with a whitish indumentum, thick
on the shoulders and the pleurae, slight on the thorax, where are seen
2 black bands in front of the suture and uniting behind. Scutellum
and abdomen black, the latter with a white anterior band on segments
2 and 3, but interrupted in the centre; segments 1 and 2 reddish on
the venter and the sides. Wings slightly whitish, and more deeply so
along the anterior border. Squamae whitish ; halteres wholly yellow.
Legs brownish black.
One 9, North Nigeria, Oshogbe (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer), Entom. Res.
Comm.
Gen. OCYPTERA Latr.
OcyYPTERA FLAVIBASIS, ll. Sp.
Antennae short, hardly projecting beyond the middle of the epistome ;
wings wholly fuliginose, yellowish at the base only ; abdomen light
testaceous yellow, black at the base, on the hind third of the pen-
ultimate segment, and on the whole of the last, which has a pruinose
whitish border. On segment 2 the median marginal pair of setae is.
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 507
inserted towards the centre of the segment, and has thus become
discal; 2 marginal median setae on segment 3; no discal setae on any
of the segments. Head white with a broad blackish frontal band ;
antennae and proboscis black, the latter not elongate. Thorax black,
slightly whitish pruinose above, but densely on the pleurae; tergum
with the usual dark bands, 2 dorso-central setae beyond the suture ;
sternopleural = 1+ 1. Scutellum with a long lateral seta, and weak,
apical, crossed ones (the larger of 2 ¢ examples bears also a short and
weak lateral seta in front.
Wings with the cubitus of the 4th nervure obtuse and without
appendage; the apical transverse straight; the posterior transverse
distant from the cubitus and sinuose; the small transverse equal to
the mediastinal cell of the wing. Squamae white; halteres testaceous.
Legs black; anterior claws of ¢ moderately elongate.
Length 7-9 mm.
Two $ ¢, Transvaal, Barberton (H. Edwards); Zululand,
M’Fongosi (W. E. Jones), 8. Afric. Museum.
Sus-Fam. SARCOPHAGINAE.
Gen. APODAERA Macq.
APODAERA NATALENSIS, Nl. Sp.
Head slightly yellowish, but with a white sheen on the face; frontal
band wide, honey colour; orbits narrow; width of vertex equal to
+ of that of the eye; antennae yellow, nearly filling the whole cavity,
3rd joint hardly 4 times the length of the 2nd; chaeta yellow, black at
tip; palps yellow. Five orbital setae; 1 isolated vibrissa. Thorax
ashy flavescent; the free border of the scutellum pale testaceous ;
abdomen testaceous red, the last 3 segments marked with 3 large black
maculae. Legs of the same colour as the abdomen, base of anterior
and intermediate femora blackish ; last joints of tarsiinfuscate. Wings
clear; nervures pale at base ; halteres whitish.
Length 5 mm.
Natal, 1 9, Durban, 8. Afric. Museum.
APODAERA DISPAR, UN. Sp.
Head white; frontal band honey colour, narrower than the orbits ;
width of vertex equal to the diameter of an eye. Antennae yellow,
stopping at the inferior third of the cavity ; 3rd joint barely reaching
the length of the 2nd; chaeta yellow, black at apex; palpi yellow.
508 Annals of the South African Museum.
Five orbital setae; 1 isolated vibrissa. Thorax iron grey with thick
whitish indumentum on the pleurae, pruinose on the tergum.
Scutellum as on the tergum. Abdomen black, moderately shiny, with
a white band on the anterior part of segments 2 and 3, narrow on
segment 4. Wings clear, nervures-pale at the base ; squamae whitish.
Legs black; knees, anterior tibiae in their basal half, and intermediate
and posterior wholly testaceous ; posterior face of femora with whitish
indumentum.
Length 54 mm.
Cape Colony, Algoa Bay (H. Brauns), Hofmuseums, Vienna.
Gen. CRATICULINA Bezzi.
CRATICULINA TAENIATA, ND. Sp.
Head with dark orange sheen varying according to light, antennae
and chaeta black; palpi yellow. Thorax ashy flavescent, like the
scutellum, the free border of which is whitish or reddish. Abdomen
testaceous yellow ; 4th segment black, shiny in its hind half, obscure
grey and opaque in front; 3rd with a white shiny black hind band;
2nd with a similar but narrower band. In addition a black medio-
dorsal band partly concealed by the pruinose down crosses segments 2
and 3, and joins again the excavation of the first, which is blackish.
Legs wholly black. Wings clear, nervures pale at base; squamae
whitish.
Length 54 mm.
One single example, seemingly a 92, Zululand, M’Fongosi
(W. E. Jones), 8. Afric. Museum.
Gen. MILTOGRAMMA Meig.
MILTOGRAMMA HELVUM, 0. sp.
Several examples (¢ and @) in the collection of the Hofmuseums
of Vienna. The ¢ ¢ are labelled “caffra Wied. in litt.”; the
2 2 “helva B. B.” It is a distinct species, easy to recognise owing to
the ight yellow abdomen, and the segments 2 and 3 bearing 6 black
spots, the median of which are near each other, obscure, and often
almost obliterated, the lateral are wider spaced and shiny ; segment 4
with only 3 spots. In the 2 the abdominal spots are narrowed and
evanescent. Scutellum of the colour of the abdomen, often rufous on
the free border; thorax more ashy with 4 obscure bands replaced by 3
at the back of the suture. Head yellowish-white: frontal bands
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 509
nearly orange, wider than the orbits; width of vertex = + that of
the eye. Antennae yellow, reaching only the lower } of the cavity ;
83rd joint hardly twice the length of the 2nd; antennal chaeta black ;
strongly thickened at the base ; palpi yellow. The inferior level of
the eyes is plainly below the anterior buccal border. Legs brownish ;
in the ¢, the joints of the anterior tarsi bear a small internal seta.
Length 7-8 mm.
Cape of Good Hope.
Gren. SETULIA Rob. Desv.
Serunia Fascrata Meig.; OBSCURIOR, ANGUSTIFRONS, Nl. Vars.
The facies of the African representatives of this species is somewhat
variable. The red colour of the sides disappears almost totally on
the abdomen of the 3 ¢ ; the orbits are golden yellow, as is also the
upper part of the genae; the antennal chaeta is so elongate as to pro-
ject occasionally beyond the antennae; the latter is often short, and
the great vibrissae are then a little more raised. ‘These remarks apply
also to examples from the coast of Malabar, although in the ¢ d the
abdominal sides remain more or less broadly reddish. These variations
do not justify making a new species, but one must see in the African
and Asiatic forms a variety which I call “ obscurior,’ the more so
that on the side of the thorax the tergum becomes obscure at the back
of the suture, and the scutellum wholly black, so that the dark lines
so well defined in the palaearctic S. fasciata are only visible in the
anterior part of the tergum.
Two other examples,a ¢ from South Africa, and 1 Q from the
Belgium Congo represent another variety, 1.¢. angustifrons. Here the
frons is narrower; the orbits, which are white lke the face, are wider
than the narrow frontal band, or at most equal in width. The
antennae are of normal length.
Gen. HOPLOCEPHALELLA Vill.
HopLocEPHALELLA GRISEA, ll. Sp.
The ¢ is at once recognised from H. signata Vill.: (1) by its smaller
size and more slender build; (2) by the different coloration of the
thorax and scutellum, the latter being black and the dark grey thorax
bearing 5 black bands; (3) by the ashy white head, with the frons
hardly equal to 2 the distance from eye to vertex, and not much
broadening in front, so that on the whole it is narrower ; the frontal
510 Annals of the South African Museum.
blackish band is as wide as the orbits. Antennae and palps black;
antennal chaeta brownish red in the centre, the ciliae short, about
equal to the thickening of the chaeta’at the base. Abdomen light
ashy ; Ist segment black, the others with 8 series of long triangular
black spots; on the venter is a row of large rectangular spots on each
side of the median line. Legs black; wings hyaline; squamae
whitish.
The 9 resembles completely the same sex of H. signata ; in both
the thorax and the scutellum are light ashy grey, on the first are 3
dark bands the median of which is continued on the second ; the hairs
on the eyes are short; the abdomen bears the same spots as in the ¢,
but they are less developed, and the spots on the venter are always in
the shape of an elongated triangle. In H. signata Q the frons is
broad and moderately convex ; the orbits are of the same width as the
frontal band.
A ¢ received from the Belgium Congo differs by the frontal bands
diverging backwards ; the antennal chaeta thickened as far as the centre
and simply pubescent. The thorax is light ashy grey with 3 dark
lines, the 2 lateral of which are indistinct as in H. grisea ?. The
scutellum is also ight ashy, but the abdomen is similar to that of H.
grisea 6. This example may be abnormal; the frontal lunule is set
very deeply in the frons, and there is pair of weak ocellary setae.
HOPLOCEPHALINA, n. sub-gen.
I find it necessary to make a new section in the genus Hoplocephaula
for a species having, as in Hoplocephalella, frontal setae complete and
directed in the same manner, and the abdomen marked in both sexes
with 3 rows of black triangular spots. In Hoplocephalina there is a
total absence of acrostical setae on the thorax, except for a weak pair in
front of the scutellum; the hairiness of the genae is crossed by an
oblique row of setae, short on the upper part but increasing in length
on the lower, and reaching almost that of the frontal setae. Eyes
villose ; frons wide, without ocellary setae in the ¢, but with a well-
developed pair in the 9; frontal band of about the same width in both
sexes, a little narrower than the orbits in the 3, twice narrower in
the 9°.
HopLocEPHALINA MACULOSA, Nl. Sp.
Ashy grey in both sexes ; the abdomen, as usual, is depressed in the
2. Thorax with 4 lines in front, replaced behind by 3, the median of
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 511
which is continued on the scutellum. The venter is moderately shiny
black in the 3, ashy on the greater part and without spots in the @.
Head greyish in the d, whitish ashy in the @ ; antennae, palpi and
legs black. Wings hyaline, and conforming to Hoplocephalopsis ; the
costal spine is projecting.
Length 9-10 mm.
Natal, 9 examples, Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley), S. Afric. Museum.
HopLocEPHALA MACULOSA, var. PUBERA, Nl. Var.
The genus Hoplocephala Macq. contains numerous kinds with all
kinds of facies in the g; but almost uniformly ashy with rows of
triangular black spots on the depressed abdomen in the 2 ; as shown
by sundry new sub-genera established by me. As a result of this the
determination of the Q @ is difficult; and as for the 3 é, especially in
the sub-genus Hoplocephala s. sirict., the varieties are not easy of
recognition. There appear to be species with naked eyes ; I have seen
one such case, a ¢ from Entebbe, Uganda. It might be mistaken for
H. maculosa, yet it is distinct owing to the genae with sparse and short
hairs, and the weak setae of the oblique row ; the median black spot
of the 3rd abdominal segment is replaced by 2 black parallel bands set
close to each other. On the ventral side, the presence is noticeable of
a long pilosity which starting from the posterior border of segment 3
and from the sides of segment 4, is directed towards the median line of
the latter and forms there an elongate tuft in front of the genitalia.
Gren. HOPLISA Rond.
Hopuisa NOVICIA, 0. Sp.
Similar to H. zanthocephala Bez. and of the same size; differs only
by the head. The latter seen in profile is broader than high; the
peristome is almost half less wide; the antennae are wholly black ;
the orbits are greyish blue, the genae whitish ashy, the median frontal
band and the medians orange yellow.
Transvaal, Barberton, 2 examples (H. Edwards), 8. Afric. Museum ;
Cape of Good Hope, 1 example, Hofmuseums, Vienna. T have several
examples of H. evnthocephala Bez. from Cape Town, S. Afric. Museum.
512 Annals of the South African Museum.
Raw. ANT HOMY TOAGE.
Sus-Fam. MUSCINAE.
Gren. PYRELLIA Rob. Desv.
PYRELLIA NUDISSIMA Loew, AURANTIACA, N. var.
Differs from the typical form by the violet with purpurine sheen of
the thorax and scutellum ; the abdomen wholly testaceous orange, the
antennae, palpi and legs brownish red, but the latter are black at the
knees and on the tarsi, and the hyaline wings having an anterior black
border which fills first the mediastinal cell, becomes interrupted, and
reappears as far as the Ist posterior cell inclusively after making a
notch beyond the apex of the 2nd longitudinal nervure.
One 9, Natal, Durban (W. Haygarth), S. Afric. Museum.
PYRELLIA NUDISSIMA Loew, LIMBATA, N. var.
Near the preceding variety comes another 9 from the Belgium
Congo communicated by Dr. J. Bequaert.
Similar to the typical form, but the wings show a broad anterior
border extending on the space included between the edge of the
wings and the 5rd longitudinal nervure, and ending in the Ist posterior
cell.
Gren. MUSCA, Lin.
Musca NATALENSIS, 0. sp.
According to the Authors the ciliation of the 3rd nervure to beyond
the small transverse nervure on the inferior face of the wings belongs
exclusively to Musca lusoria Wied. It is not so, however, and there
are other species which share this characteristic, namely M. aethiops
Stein (although it is not mentioned by the author) ; M. pattoni Aust. ;
and also the larviparous species mentioned by Roubaud under the
name of M. corvina, and which, after comparison with hatched
examples, seems to me to be a varietal form of M. pattoni, ete. I
know also of two African species in which this ciliation occurs ; they
both belong to the group of the genus Musca in which the thorax has
two wide black bands only. The first is described here as M. nata-
lensis.
Size and shape of M. lusoria; head similar; thorax and scuteHlum
shiny black; a white median band on the tergum, which after the
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae). 513
suture narrows and disappears before reaching the scutellum. On the
sides is another whitish band, broad from the shoulders to the suture
and narrow behind. Abdomen testaceous yellow ; excavation of seg-
ment 1 black, a narrow medio-dorsal similarly coloured band springs
from it, crosses the segment, spreads a little upon the first incision in
the shape of a thin black line, intersects further the 2nd and 3rd
segments, being either whole or reduced to a triangular spot on each,
and ends in a transverse black line on the 3rd incision.
On each side of this band there exists an elongated spot with white
sheen ; on segment 4, the absent black band is occupied by 4 spots
with whitish sheen. Hypopygium black. Wings as in M. lusoria ;
squamae fulvous. Wings as in M. lusoria, halteres fulvous. Legs
black, robust, anterior claws moderately elongated.
Four ¢¢, Natal, Durban (H. W. Bell-Morley, W. Haygarth),
S. Afric. Museum.
Musca CONGOLENSIS, l. sp.
This is the second species mentioned above, and founded ona ¢
example.
Smaller and less robust than M. natalensis; the facies is almost
wholly that of M. humilis Wied. (= angustifrons Thoms.). It differs
from the latter by the spaced ciliae of the 3rd nervure on the inferior
side of the wing which are situated beyond the small transverse
nervure ; it differs also from M. natalensis by the abdomen, similar to
that of M. humilis; that is to say, the Ist segment is wholly black
above. M. congolensis 3 is also noticeable by its very elongated
anterior claws and by the apical part of the protarsus of the inter-
mediary legs, which is gradually thickened on the inner side.
One ¢, Belgium Congo (J. Bequaert).
Signor Bezzi has endeavoured to give a table of the African species
of the genus Musca (Boll. Labor. Zool. Gen. and Agr. vi, 1911, p. 85,
Portici) from the descriptions alone of ancient authors. I may be
allowed to point out how little reliance is to be placed on the interpreta-
tion of these descriptions, too often common-place, by mentioning that
M. albomaculata Macq. type 2 = M. dorsomaculata Macq. types ¢ —
2 =convezxifrons Thoms. One ¢ and one @ labelled M. rufiventris
(No. 73) in Macquart’s handwriting are the same species. They bear
a blue label, denoting their African origin, and thus doubtless differ
from M. rufiventris, described by Macquart as a Brazilian species.
A
angulicornis (Carcelia)
angustifrons (Setulia)
angustifrons (Sturmia)
angustipennis (Asboleola)
ANTHOMYIIDAE
Antistasea .
Apodaera
Argyrophylax
Asboleola
aurantiaca (Pyr ellia) .
aurifrons (Sturmia)
B
Blepharipoda
Cc
caffer (Micropalpus)
eaffer (Myxarchiclops)
caffra (Lydellina)
capensis (Nemoraea)
Carcelia
Catagonia
Chaetolydella
cingulata (Pyrrhosiella)
congolensis (Musca)
crassiseta (Plagiocoma)
Craticulina . :
Crossocosmia
D
Dejeania
DEXIINAE
dilabida (Sturmia)
dispar (Apodaera)
distans (Prozenilia)
duplaria (‘Tachina)
E
elegans (Asboleola)
Eriothrix :
Exorista .
experrectus (Eriothrix)
(514)
INDEX
PAGE B
481 fasciata (Setulia)
509 flavibasis (Ocyptera) .
478 fumosum (Thelairosoma)
504
512 G
485 2
507. «grisea (Hoplocephalella)
479
503 H
512 Hoplocephalella .
475 Hoplocephalina .
helvum (Miltogramma)
Hophsa
476
I
illita (Zenillia) :
impexa (Tricholyga) .
471
495 L
491 : 4 <
485 laxiceps (‘Tachinomima)
4g] imbata (Pyrellia)
484 Lydellina :
488
503 a
513 maculosa (Hoplocephala)
474 maculosus (Myxarchiclops)
508 marshalli (Sericophoromya)
475 metallica (Stomatomya)
metallica (Trixoclea) .
Micropalpus
4790 Miltogramma
500 multipunctata (Pararondania) .
479 Musca . : ‘ ‘
507 Myxarchiclops
488 +
493 x
natalensis (Apodaera)
natalensis (Chaetolydella) .
natalensis (Musca) ;
504 Nemoraea ;
500 nigrapex (Dejeania)
483 novicia (Hoplisa)
500 nudissima (Pyrellia)
509
509
510
508
511
486
494.
472,
512
490
510
496
480
475
498
471
508
4.98
512
494.
507
4.90
512
485
470
511
512
South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae).
O
obscurior (Setulia)
Ocyptera
Oxymedoria
12
Pales
palpata (Oxymedoria)
Pararondania
parcesetosus (Micropalpus)
peringueyl (Pleropeletaria)
Pexopsis E ‘
Phorostoma
pilipes (Exorista)
Plagiocoma .
Pleropeleteria
Prozenillia . :
pyrrhaspis ( Pexopsis).
Pyrellia :
Pyrrhosiella
R
ruficrura (Sericophoromya)
rutilans (Phorostoma)
)
SARCOPHAGINAE
semitestacea (Sturmia)
Sericophoromya .
Setulia
sordida (Zenillia)
Stomatomya
Sturmia
subdistincta (Catagonia)
ab
Tachina ;
TACHINIDAE
TACHININAE
Tachinomima
taeniata (Craticulina)
Thelairosoma
Tricholyga .
Trixoclea
Zenillia
485
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